Sixth Committee, 9th plenary meeting - General Assembly, 81st session
General Assembly
Date: 9 October 2026
Language: English
Transcript: https://transcripts.un.org/en/ga/c6/81/9
Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.

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6th Committee · Chair [0:02]:

Good morning. I call to order the ninth meeting of the Sixth Committee for the 81st session of the General Assembly. Distinguished delegates, this morning the Committee will continue and hopefully conclude its debate on agenda item 84, the rule of law at national and international levels, after which it will turn to the consideration of agenda item 75, criminal accountability of United Nations officials and experts on mission. So let's continue with our consideration of agenda item 84, the rule of law at national and international levels. I draw your attention once again to the 2026 report of the Secretary General, on strengthening and coordinating United Nations rule of law activities, contained in document A/81/184, which is available on the website of the Sixth Committee. I wish to recall also the decision taken at our first meeting that statements delivered in a national capacity should be limited to seven minutes, while statements by groups of States will be limited to 12 minutes. Delegations are urged to adhere to these time limits. The first speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Mongolia. You have the floor.


Mongolia [1:37]:

Madam Chair, distinguished delegates, Mongolia thanks the Secretary General for his comprehensive report contained in document A/81/184 on strengthening and coordinating United Nations rule of law activities. Mongolia welcomes the report's reaffirmation that the rule of law lies at the heart of the Charter of the United Nations and of the international legal order. At a time of growing geopolitical tensions and increasingly complex transnational challenges, respect for international law and the purposes and principles of the charters remains indispensable. For Mongolia, the rule of law is fundamental at both the national and international levels. Nationally, it underpins good governance, accountability, the protection of human rights, and sustainable development. Internationally, it safeguards sovereign equality, peaceful coexistence, and stability among states. Madam Chair, Mongolia attaches particular importance to strengthening the rule of law at the international level. International law must be applied consistently to all states irrespective of their size, population, or level of development. For small states in particular, respect for sovereign equality, territorial integrity, non-intervention, and the peaceful settlement of disputes provides an essential foundation for international peace and security. Mongolia therefore reaffirms that disputes among states must be resolved by peaceful means and in accordance with international law. We also recognize the important contribution of international courts and tribunals to the peaceful settlement of disputes and to the clarification and development of international law. The effectiveness of international legal order depends not only on developing legal norms, but also on implementing international obligations faithfully and in good faith. Mongolia welcomes the attention given in the Secretary-General's report to cooperation between the Sixth Committee and the International Law Commission. The Commission continues to play an important role in the progressive development and codification of international law. Its work should reflect the practice, views and diverse legal traditions of states from all regions. We therefore support stronger dialogue between the Commission and the Member States and broader participation of developing countries in international legal processes. Madam Chair. At the national level, Mongolia continues to advance legal and judicial reforms aimed at strengthening the independence, transparency, and accountability of judiciary and improving the administration of justice. In recent years, constitutional and legislative reforms have further strengthened judicial governance, accountability, and the separation of powers. Mongolia has also continued efforts to improve access to justice, enhance legal safeguards, and strengthen the effectiveness and transparency of public institutions. These efforts reflect our conviction that the rule of law must be demonstrated in practice through independent institutions, fair procedures, and effective protection of individual rights. Mongolia also remains committed to preventing and combating corruption. We recognize that corruption undermines public trust, weakens institutions, and hinders sustainable development. We therefore support effective implementation of the United Nations Conventions against corruption and stronger international cooperation in this field. Mongolia also welcomes the report's emphasis on equal access to justice. Access to justice must be available to all, including women and girls, children, persons in vulnerable situations and those facing geographical or economic barriers. Madam Chair, The challenges facing the rule of law are also evolving. Cybercrime, artificial intelligence, emerging technologies, transnational organized crime, and environmental challenges increasingly have legal consequences across borders. Mongolia supports stronger international cooperation to address this challenge while ensuring respect for international law, human rights, and fundamental freedoms. Mongolia shares the Secretary-General's view that the rule of law is closely linked with international peace and security, human rights and sustainable development. Lasting peace cannot be sustained without justice, and sustainable development cannot be achieved without effective and accountable institutions. Mongolia therefore supports continued United Nations assistance to member states upon their request and in accordance with national ownership and national priorities to strengthen legal and judicial institutions and build national capacities. Madam Chair. As we look ahead, our task is not simply to reaffirm our commitment to the rule of law, but to give practical effect to that commitment. Mongolia remains committed to constructive engagement with all member states in strengthening the rule of law at both national and international levels. We firmly believe that an international legal order founded on the Charter of the United Nations, sovereign equality, peaceful settlement of disputes, and the respect for international law remains essential for lasting peace, sustainable development, and the well-being of present and future generations. I thank you.


6th Committee · Chair [8:05]:

I thank the distinguished representative of Mongolia for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Azerbaijan.


Azerbaijan [8:18]:

Thank you, Madam Chair. Azerbaijan reaffirms its unwavering commitment to an international order firmly anchored in international law and the rule of law. We commend the continuous efforts of the United Nations in supporting member states in strengthening the rule of law at the national and international levels. The promotion of a robust global rule of law culture, adherence to international legal commitments, and the acceleration of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development require our collective dedication and cooperation. In this context, the rule of law is not merely an aspiration, but a vital mechanism to ensure equitable and peaceful coexistence in the interconnected world. The multifaceted challenges facing the world today necessitate the strengthening of the international legal order, multilateralism, and international cooperation. In this regard, the Secretary-General highlighted in his report on strengthening and coordinating United Nations rule of law activities The rule of law lies at the heart of the Charter of the United Nations and the international legal order, serving as central to the three pillars of the organization: international peace and security, human rights, and sustainable development. It is through the consistent and equal application of treaties, norms, and agreements that we can uphold justice and security, foster responsible international conduct, prevent the escalation of disputes into conflicts, and ensure enduring development in societies. The overarching objectives of the rule of law at the international level cannot be achieved with selectivity and double standards. It's imperative that all states uphold their international obligations diligently. particularly those relating to respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of states and to non-interference in internal affairs. The international community's inability to prevent aggression and atrocious crimes and to ensure the implementation of these binding resolutions underscores the necessity for substantial reforms so that the United Nations could be better equipped and more efficient to meet the complex challenges the world is facing. Furthermore, the faithful implementation of international treaties is one of the key prerequisites of the global system of harmonizing international relations and of individual and collective efforts towards confronting the threats and challenges to peace, security and stability. Accountability and redress are essential to ensure the rights of the victims. prevent the recurrence of violations, and adopt a longer-term approach towards shaping a more peaceful, just, and inclusive future. Moreover, the international community must remain vigilant against attempts to distort legal truths. The denial of serious violations, coupled with systematic attempts to discredit legal process through disinformation, propaganda, and smear campaigns, represent a clear contempt for international law and the rule of law. Madam Chair, at the national level, a sound domestic legal framework, primarily a constitution, serves as a foundational bedrock upon which a state is built. It ensures the supremacy of the rule of law, safeguards human rights and fundamental freedoms, and fosters peaceful, predictable relations with neighboring nations and the wider international community. Backed by strong, capable, and transparent institutions, such robust domestic legal architecture is essential, among other things, for translating international obligations into tangible, everyday policy and practice. In conclusion, we'd like to underline that in order to achieve the goals of the rule of law, it's critical to uphold fundamental principles, adhere to the uniform application of international law, and ensure strict compliance with international obligations. Azerbaijan remains fully committed to promoting the rule of law and building, strengthening, and sustaining peace and stability, both regionally and globally. I thank you, Madam Chair.


6th Committee · Chair [12:27]:

I thank the distinguished representative of Azerbaijan for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Zambia.


Zambia [12:44]:

I thank you for the opportunity to address this august gathering. As this is the first.

Time that the Zambian delegation is addressing this committee, I wish on behalf of the delegation of the Republic.

Of Zambia to extend our highest commendation and warmest congratulations to the Chair and the newly elected members of the.

Bureau of the Sixth Committee.

We assure the Bureau of our steadfast commitment and full cooperation as you guide the work of this.

Committee during the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly.

Madam Chairperson, Zambia expresses its profound appreciation to the Secretary-General for his comprehensive report on strengthening and coordinating United Nations.

Rule of law activities, contained in document A/81/184.

The insights contained therein underline a fundamental reality that the rule of law at the national and international.

Level serves as the foundation of bedrock of our collective multilateral architecture, indispensable for the preservation of the international peace and security and realization of sustainable development.

Chairperson, from the outset, Zambia aligns itself with the statements delivered.

By Cameroon on behalf of the African Group and China on behalf of the Group of Friends of Global Governance, respectively, and makes the following statement in its national capacity. Chairperson, the synergy between the international rule of law and domestic frameworks is undeniable.

Domestically, Zambia continues to undertake.

Progressive institutional reforms to ensure that the rule of law translates into an accessible justice for all, directly contributing to Sustainable Development Goal 16. In this respect, Zambia is actively operationalizing accessible justice by aligning our legal frameworks with the Grow Zambia agenda so as to strengthen domestic criminal justice infrastructure.

Madam Chairperson, under our eighth national development plan, specifically development outcome two, targeting improved rule of law, human rights and constitutionalism, my country has undertaken significant structural overhauls. The recent appointment of judges of the Supreme.

Courts, the construction of nine new courts, structural modifications to court infrastructure to enhance accessibility, the use of specialized bodies such as the Financial Crimes Court and the Economic and Financial Crimes Division, the expansion of the local legal aid board service.

And the deployment of a computerized case flow management system are targeted at ensuring that equality before the law is translated from an inspirational principle into a tangible right.

Equal protection before the law, an expedited dispensation of justice for marginalized communities and enhanced judicial accountability looking beyond 2026. Zambia is actively strengthening its legal infrastructure by expanding mobile courts and enhancing specialized justice mechanisms for children, ensuring that geographic barriers.

Do not impede accountability.

In the international sphere, Zambia expresses its profound appreciation for the tireless.

Efforts and the invaluable work of the International Law Commission in the progressive development and codification of international law.

Which serves an indispensable pillar for upholding a predictable rules-based international order and strengthening the global rule of law. Zambia firmly reiterates its support for the progressive development and codification of international law and asserts.

That the rule of law.

At the international level cannot be fully realized without the structure and integration of the voices of developing states.

During the nascent stages of treaty making.

Only through such institutionalized inclusivity can we ensure a balanced international legal order that reflects diverse geopolitical realities and protects the sovereign equality of all member states. My delegation, therefore, underscores the need for the.

Multilateral system to methodically dismantle the resource barriers that keep developing states on the periphery of treaty negotiation. Madam Chairperson, the Republic of Zambia highly values UN-led capacity building initiatives as essential mechanisms for progressive development and codification of the international law. These mechanisms structurally empower developing states to participate equally in the formulation and advancement of a robust multilateral legal order, strengthen the rule of law at national and international levels, enhance institutional frameworks, and foster sustainable legal development across member.

States.

We must, however, candidly address the structural challenges threatening our collective progress.

Zambia remains deeply concerned by the ongoing United Nations liquidity crisis. Budget constraints and protracted financial shortfalls disproportionately restrict the operational reach of essential capacity.

Building tools, most notably the United Nations program of assistance in the teaching, study, dissemination, and wider appreciation of international law.

For developing nations, this program is an indispensable asset for training the diplomats at legal minds required to participate equally in multilateral making. We urge member states to complement their commitment to the rule of law with predictable ring-fenced regular budget financial contributions, thereby safeguarding access to international legal education. In conclusion, Madam Chairperson, Zambia's dedication to rule-based international order is mirrored in our regional and global commitments.

Zambia's current bid for election in the United Nations.

Rights Council for the period.

2027 to 2029 reflects our unyielding domestic commitment to anchoring national growth inside a robust rules-based international order. We look forward to working collectively to transform the ideals of the Secretary-General's report into impactful global realities. I thank you, Chairperson.


6th Committee · Chair [18:40]:

I thank the distinguished representative of Zambia for her statement and give the floor to the distinguished representative of Timor-Leste.


Timor-Leste [18:52]:

Chair, Timor-Leste aligns itself with the statement delivered on behalf of ASEAN, Non-Aligned Movement, and Group of Friends.

Of the Rule of Law.

We wish to make the following remarks in our national capacity. Strengthening the rule of law is a continuing national responsibility for Timor-Leste. This means not only strengthening our justice institutions, but ensuring that all people can effectively access them. We continue to work to bring justice services closer to communities, including in remote areas, while strengthening accountability. Our efforts to prevent and combat corruption form part of this broader work, and we appreciate the continued support of the United Nations, including UNODC's technical assistance in the ongoing development of our national anti-corruption strategy. Our commitment to the rule of law also guides Timor-Leste's engagement beyond our borders. At the international level, the rule of law gives practical meaning to the sovereign equality of states by ensuring that rights and obligations do not depend on differences in political, military, or economic power. Our experience has reinforced the importance of peaceful settlement of dispute. In resolving our maritime boundaries with our neighbor Australia, we resorted to compulsory conciliation under the United Nations Convention on the Rule of the Sea. demonstrating that even difficult and long-standing disputes can be addressed peacefully through international law. Chair, international courts and tribunals make an essential contribution to this legal order. Through the interpretation and application of international law, they help ensure that legal rights and obligations are determined by law. International criminal justice is also fundamental.

To the rule of law.

Founded on the principle of complementarity, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court recognizes the primary responsibility of states to investigate and prosecute the most serious international crimes, with the Court acting where national jurisdictions are unwilling or unable genuinely to do so. Timor-Leste reaffirms its unwavering support for the independence and impartiality of the Court and condemns attacks, threats and sanctions directed against the Court, its officials and personnel, and those cooperating.

With it.

Advisory jurisdiction is another important part of the international legal system. Advisory opinions clarify questions of international law, refer to courts and tribunals assist requesting bodies in discharging their functions and contribute to the understanding and development of international law. The fact that such questions may arise in politically sensitive circumstances does not diminish the legal character of the judicial function. The recent advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the obligation of states in respect of climate change illustrate this contribution.

The unprecedented participation of states.

And international organizations in the proceedings demonstrated the importance attached to the legal questions before the court. The unanimous opinion provided authoritative clarification of states' obligations under international law and has since informed continued consideration by member states, including in the General Assembly and other intergovernmental processes. Colleagues. The international legal system depends on different institutions and actors fulfilling distinct but complementary functions. Courts and tribunals exercise judicial functions. States have the primary role in the creation and implementation of international law. The International Law Commission contributes to its progressive development and codification. Cooperation between the Sixth Committee and the Commission places responsibilities on both.

The Commission should have before it.

State practice and opinion of juries, reflecting all regions and legal traditions, while retaining the independence necessary to fulfill its mandate. Member States, for their part, must engage with requests for information and comments and participate substantively in consideration of the Commission's work. The ongoing negotiations towards a convention on the prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity illustrate how engagement can continue after the Commission completes its work on a topic. The Commission's draft articles provide the basis for state-led negotiation, while the participation of the former.

Special Rapporteur at the Preparatory Committee allowed delegations to continue drawing on the expertise developed during the Commission's work.

Chair, Excellencies, Meaningful participation requires capacity. The international community has changed profoundly over the past eight years, but states still do not participate on equal terms in the processes through which international law is developed and articulated. Differences in resources and capacity affect those practice is documented, whose practice is documented, whose views are heard, and who can engage consistently in increasingly complex legal process. International law cannot fully reflect the international community it governs unless all States are able to participate meaningfully in its development. Ensuring participation is broad, informed and effective is more than a question of representation. It strengthens international law itself. I thank you.


6th Committee · Chair [24:11]:

I thank the distinguished representative of Timor-Leste for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Pakistan.


Pakistan [24:21]:

Madam Chair, Pakistan aligns itself with the statement delivered by Iran on behalf of NAM and by China on behalf of the Group of Friends of Global Governance Initiative. We also thank the Secretary-General for his detailed report on strengthening and coordinating United Nations rule of law activities, contained in document A/81/184. Rule of law is not an abstract construct. It is a bulwark against the abuse of power and guarantor of international order and stability. At global level, international law shapes peace and security outcomes, particularly in regions scarred by protracted disputes, asymmetries of power, and fragile peace architectures. One of the most pressing challenges confronting the existing global order is the emergence of selective compliance and legal exceptionalism. whereby the rules of international law are rigorously applied to some or by some, and yet ignored or even trampled upon by others. Instead of respecting law and international treaties, some member states have turned compliance of international law into a discretionary practice as a policy instrument. The hapless people of occupied Palestinian territory continue to suffer from inhuman, indiscriminate, and illegal use of force by Israel. Denial of humanitarian access, illegal settlement expansion, and settler violence in the West Bank, and callous disregard to the suffering of the Palestinians are a grave tragedy of our times. In our own region, we witness our eastern neighbor's hegemonistic designs and its disregard for international law. In flagrant violation of the UN Charter, international humanitarian law, international human rights law, and numerous resolutions of the UN Security Council. This country continues its illegal occupation of Jammu and Kashmir, denying Kashmiri people their right to self-determination. The same country further escalated its abuse of international law last year by holding what it calls in abeyance the Indus Waters Treaty. We welcome the unanimous award of the Permanent Court of Arbitration this year, which roundly rejected the unlawful attempt to place the treaty in abeyance. The award established that the treaty remains fully in force and binding on both parties, thereby vindicating Pakistan's consistent position that abiding international treaty cannot be unilaterally suspended or set aside. Chair, despite many setbacks and challenges, the international legal architecture continues to demonstrate resilience. We appreciate the role of International Law Commission and this committee of the General Assembly for the codification and progressive development of international law. The ILC issued its final report of the study group on sea level rise in relation to international law last year, which is a commendable attempt to bridge legal gap arising from climate change induced sea level rise. In 2027, Thailand would host a diplomatic conference of plenipotentiaries to elaborate a new convention for the protection of persons in the event of disaster. Another conference of plenipotentiaries would be held in 2028 for concluding a treaty on crimes against humanity. This will mark the first time in over 25 years that ILC work would form the basis of finalizing new legal instruments. Pakistan commends the ongoing treaty-making momentum. We support continuing dialogue between the International Law Commission and the Sixth Committee, and briefings by the Commission for the Sixth Committee delegates. We would, however, emphasize that the treaty-making process should be stewarded by the UN Member States to ensure that the development and codification of international law remains broad-based and inclusive, We also call for greater investment in legal capacity building and knowledge equity, particularly for developing countries, so that the interpretation and development of international law aptly reflects diverse legal traditions and lived realities. Chair, the question before us is not whether international law exists or needs to be further developed, but whether it is applied consistently, credibly and without selectivity. At this moment of profound global uncertainty, the choice before us is clear: to allow power to bend law, or to allow law to discipline power. It is Pakistan's firm conviction that international peace and security will be served only by choosing the latter option. I thank you very much.


6th Committee · Chair [29:14]:

I thank the distinguished representative of Pakistan for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Bulgaria.


Bulgaria [29:26]:

Let me also commend you and the Bureau in taking up your important functions and be assured of our full support and cooperation. We align ourselves with the statement delivered on behalf of the European Union and its Member States. And Bulgaria would like to thank the Secretary-General for the timely and comprehensive report on the strengthening and coordinating United Nations Rule of Law activities. This report showcases the invaluable work of the UN in providing practical assistance to its member states that enables them to respond to threats effectively in a manner anchored in human rights and the rule of law. In time of mounting tension, confrontation, and conflict, we view this debate as an opportunity to reinforce the idea that the rule of law is not an abstract ideal, but a fundamental principle of all democratic societies, as well as a prerequisite to a more peaceful and just world. As stated in the report of the Secretary-General, the rule of law is in the heart of the UN Charter. In our view, this statement is far from exaggerated, considering the principles' central role in the functioning of the system of international relations. It safeguards compliance with international law and guides the relations between states so that their sovereign equality is upheld. Enshrined in our own constitutional order, the rule of law is a defining principle of our state and society. It is a foundational pillar from which the rest of the constitutional system is derived, both as a political commitment and as a legal mechanism and guarantee. In light of this consideration, Bulgaria would like to reaffirm its steadfast commitment to the rule of law and its dedication to continue the constructive work aimed at strengthening the relevant domestic and international frameworks alongside the UN and the international community. Furthermore, we wish to underscore our longstanding support for the system of international justice and the ultimate realization of the global rule of law. As a country fully committed to a global order based on international law, Bulgaria is a strong supporter of the International Court of Justice and its continued efforts to promote justice and reinforce accountability. We also consistently advocate the position that the International Criminal Court represents one of the main pillars of the international legal order. Therefore, we would like to reaffirm our support for the independence, integrity, and impartiality of the Court and its role in the fight against impunity. Madam Chair, we welcome the introduction of the subtopic, enhancing the rule of law by strengthening the cooperation between the Sixth Committee and the General Assembly and the International Law Commission to this year's debate. We recognize the distinctive role of the International Law Commission in promoting the role flow to the progressive development of international law and its codification, and reiterate our support for the realization of the Commission's mandate. The conclusion of a number of multilateral treaties based on the work of the IOC is a testament to its pivotal significance, while its effort to continue identifying the key issues before the international community and elaborating on them remain indispensable for the fulfillment of its mission. In this regard, Bulgaria notes with great satisfaction that the cooperation between the Commission and the Sixth Committee has resulted in the beginning of a vital process of closing important legal gaps by elaborating legally binding agreements on the topics of crimes against humanity and the protection of persons in the event of disasters. Bulgaria attaches particular importance to the dialogue between the ILC and the Sixth Committee for upholding and strengthening the rule of law, as it serves to ensure that the different views and practical needs of member states are reflected. We therefore look forward to the upcoming International Law Week and the annual review of the report of the ILC and are certain of the productivity of the debate. We also like to highlight the significance of the interactive dialogue between the Sixth Committee and the ILC, which enables an open and direct exchange of views. Beyond the Sixth Committee, the Commission outreach efforts to enhance the accessibility of its work, including the International Law Seminar, are commendable. Nevertheless, we acknowledge the merit in exploiting further mechanisms to optimize dialogue and cooperation between the ILC and UN member states, thereby ensuring more active engagement from both sides. We stand ready to engage in discussion about possible measures that would improve the reporting formats of the Commission on the one hand, and on the other, would encourage states to be proactively involved in the collaborative process. Member States can further support the Commission work through substantive written contributions and targeted responses to specific questions. In conclusion, let me assure you of Bulgaria's resolve to the collective undertaking of strengthening the rule of law and of our unwavering support to the United Nations in order to achieve this end. I thank you.


6th Committee · Chair [35:28]:

I thank the distinguished representative of Bulgaria for her statement and give the floor to the distinguished representative of Lebanon.


Lebanon [35:39]:

Thank you, Madam Chair, and good morning, dear colleagues. Madam Chair, this is the first time not my delegation, but that I'm taking the floor. Allow me to congratulate you warmly on your election as the Chair of this Committee and all other members of the Bureau. And I also want to extend our thanks to the Codification Division for their valuable and constant assistance, as well, of course, as Conference Services and obviously the interpreters who are accompanying us throughout this session.

Madame Chair, a falling tree makes more noise than a growing forest. This proverb speaks volumes about our relationship with international law. We hear the racket that's made, the violations, the crises, the upheaval, but we rarely notice the forest, the treaties that are being implemented, the various disputes that are resolved before they break out into conflict, and the commitments that are kept day after day. None of that actually necessarily makes the front pages. It is, however, what protects us, this international legal order. It is the basis of trust, trust that rules apply to all in the same way, that commitments are kept and that violations will not be met with indifference. And this trust begets stability. It eases tensions and it allows states to coexist without resorting to threats or the use of force. And it is on this basis.

And

I believe that this has been said by many who have taken the floor before me. When law is applied to some and not to others, it cracks, and with that the predictability that protects peace and security. Even those who break the law demand that it be applied to others. But this partial reading, this partial adhesion to the rules, encourages impunity and displaces dispute in the legal field towards escalation. When states stop believing in the consistent application of the law, deterrence weakens and force becomes more tempting than the respect for rules. And this is the real cost of these violations. Civilians targeted, left without any protection or form of redress, displaced by force, and victims of mass atrocity crimes. In my country and in my region, this is a price that is paid every day. It is because the rule of law must remain our anchor point, not despite of crises, but because of them. Because, as we've already said, the rules should be applied above all, not out of ideology, naivety, or a sense of propriety, by necessity. Madam Chair, and we know what we're talking about. In Lebanon, we live this every day, aggressions, armed conflict, occupation, forced displacement. To overcome this situation, the Lebanese Government remains determined to pursue the peaceful settlement of disputes provided for under Article 33 of the Charter, particularly through dialogue and diplomacy. Even when put to the test, Lebanon continues to choose the law. This year, as we commemorate the 100th anniversary of our constitution, this commitment is particularly resonant. For a century now, the Lebanese constitution has embodied the ambition of a state founded on the rule of law, institutions and the dignity of the human being. The government needs to continue to strengthen these institutions, its sovereignty and human rights, despite the difficulties. This is also shown in the action we take. In May this year, Lebanon acceded to the anti-personnel mine ban convention to strengthen civilian protection and the respect for international humanitarian law. On 11 August this year, the Lebanese Parliament abolished the death penalty, strengthening protection of human dignity. And just two weeks ago, Lebanon ratified the BBNJ agreement on biodiversity beyond national jurisdictions, becoming the 101st state party. These are three examples to show one same belief: we cannot suspend law in times of crisis; we must assert it. The rule of law is not measured by the yardstick of ratifications alone. It is also measured by the implementation of rules and the support provided to international courts and tribunals, including the International Court of Justice. It is also measured by our ability to build this international legal order together. Here, the Sixth Committee and the International Law Commission have to work together. The ILC does the drafting and we, as the Member States, examine its work and decide on how to follow up on it for the codification and progressive development of international law. The ongoing crafting of conventions, be it for the protection of persons in the case of disasters or crimes against humanity, all bear this out. The same goes for other work of the ILC, which is often used in negotiations by other states. This relationship between the ILC and the GA needs to be continuously enforced and strengthened. ensuring respect for multilingualism, legal diversity, the ILC must continue to act and react by studying emerging subjects in international law, and to ensure that we can dedicate the necessary attention, particularly for smaller delegations. We call for more predictability in our programme of work, fewer topics but more commitment. In these two or three days, we have heard so many ideas, particularly interesting ideas, and we believe that this discussion should continue informally among colleagues. Finally, Madam Chair, to conclude, talking of the rule of law today might sometimes seem disconnected from reality. It's far from the tragedies affecting entire populations, but speaking means that we stop resignation becoming the norm and in deference becoming an inevitability. It means reaffirming ensuring that contempt for the law will not become commonplace, because keeping our word is protecting the silently growing forest and ensuring that the law remains a source of stability. Thank you.


6th Committee · Chair [42:48]:

I thank the distinguished representative of Lebanon for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Namibia.


Namibia [42:59]:

Thank you, Madam Chair. I join previous speakers in congratulating you on your appointment to preside over the work of the sixth committee during the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly. I also extend my congratulations to the other members of the bureau. Namibia Alliance itself with the statements delivered on behalf of the African group and the non-aligned movement. Building on those statements, allow me, Madam Chair, to present Namibia's national perspective, noting that the full statement will be shared via e-statement. Madam Chair, The rule of law is firmly embedded in Namibia's constitution, institutions and processes.

The Namibian constitution provides that Namibia is founded upon the principles of democracy,

the rule of law and justice for all, and affirms the constitution as a supreme law of the state. It further promotes respect for international law and treaty obligations.

and encourages the peaceful settlement of international disputes.

Madam Chair, the importance of respecting

and upholding the rule of law at both national and international levels was underscored by His Excellency Dr. Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah, the President of the Republic of Namibia, in her statement during the general debate of the 81st session of the General Assembly on 23 September 2026. The President called for international solidarity, the perseverance of the multilateral system, peace over conflict, dialogue over confrontation, and the reform of the United Nations Security Council.

In this context, action two of the Pact for the Future is specifically pertinent.

It reaffirms, in a quote, "The imperative of upholding and promoting the rule of law

at the international level in accordance with the principles of the UN Charter, and in this regard, recalls the importance of the Declaration on Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation Among States in Accordance with the UN Charter. We reiterate our full respect for the sovereign equality of all member states, the principles of

equal rights and self-determination of peoples,

and our obligation to refrain from the threat or use of force against territorial integrity or political independence of any state, our commitment to settle international disputes by peaceful means. We also reaffirm our commitment to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights." End of quote. Madam Chair, when this agenda item was introduced at the 61st session in 2006, against the backdrop of the 2005 World Summit outcome contained in the General Assembly resolution 60/1.

The initiative underscored the need for universal

adherence and to implementation of the rule of law at both national and international levels. Namibia also takes note of the report of the Secretary-General contained in document A/81/184, entitled "Strengthening and Coordinating United Nations Rule of Law Activities," and commends the important work undertaken in this regard. From these commitments, three essential pillars of the rule of law emerge.

One, a collective consensus on the rules and customs that govern the conduct of society.

Two, a collective commitment to respect and comply with those rules and customs. And three, the establishment and maintenance of institutions and processes that hold every member of society equally and equitably accountable. Against this background, Madam Chair, we should ask ourselves two fundamental questions. One, what progress have we made since 2006? And two, how can we further strengthen the rule of law at both national and international levels? As we reflect on these questions, Madam Chair, we must move beyond an abstract understanding of the rule of law and to work towards making it a practical and tangible reality

for all.

Madam Chair, since 2006, Global geopolitical dynamics have changed significantly, giving rise to renewed calls for a more representative and effective multilateral system.

It is precisely for this reason that the PACT for the Future remains both timely and important.

In reaffirming Namibia's commitment to the rule of law,

We urge the international community not to become complacent merely

because some may enjoy a temporary position of security or comfort while the rule of law is threatened elsewhere.

No state is immune from consequences of its erosion. We cannot expect to benefit tomorrow from protection of legal principles that we undermine selectively and apply this regard today.

It is therefore our collective interest to safeguard and uphold the rule of law at both national and international levels. Without it, our peoples and our states are left vulnerable to instability, arbitrariness, and disorder.

I thank you, Madam Chair.


6th Committee · Chair [48:58]:

I thank the distinguished representative of Namibia for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Mauritius.


Mauritius [49:09]:

May I first welcome the decision of the Nobel Committee to award the Nobel Peace Prize to Ms. Navi Pillay for her work on peace and international law. We congratulate Ms. Pillay, a former UN official, and thank her for always stressing as the chair of the Nobel Peace Prize Committee said this morning, on the responsibility of individuals and states to comply with the rule of law. He also said that the system of international law is under tremendous pressure, and I quote, "When might overtakes right, it undermines stability." End of quote. Whilst we pay tribute to Navi Pillay for dedicating a life to working for peace and international law, we must also commend the Nobel Committee for expressing its support for the rule of law. The concept of rule of law can find its roots in ancient history, even if the modern term rule of law tends to be attributed to the 19th century English jurist, A.V. Dicey. Throughout the years, rule of law as a concept can be said to have expounded the principle that the law is superior to other forms of power, and that the ruler is also subject to law. The term has historically been used with regard to the national domestic order. In more recent years, the UN has largely contributed to the debate about the rule of law at international level. In fact, within the UN, the phrase often used is rule of law at national and international levels. At other times, scholars have used the term, the rule of law in the international community, while still others have used the term, international rule of law, or even the rule of international law. The question we can ask ourselves is whether all these terms mean the same thing, or even whether what was originally a term used in domestic legal order can even be applied to the international level. For the purposes of our discussion here at the Sixth Committee, I will focus on the term the rule of international law. We have an ongoing debate about multilateralism, but we do not always remind ourselves that the future of multilateralism in fact depends on the rule of international law. Since the early days of modern multilateralism in the 19th century, starting with the river commissions and subsequently with post and telecommunications, multilateral cooperation has been founded on international agreements not necessarily subject to the law of any particular state, but to international law. Can we today speak of the rule of international law? There are certainly many proponents of the rule of international law across the world, but there are also serious challenges to the concept. The increasing recourse to the ICJ and even the increasing support for requests for advisory opinions of the Court may suggest that there is wider support for the rule of international law amongst many states. But at the end of the day, if we were to use another yardstick, that of compulsory jurisdiction of the court, the picture looks different. Only 75 of the 193 member states of the UN have accepted the compulsory jurisdiction of the court, and even then, many of these declarations under Article 36 of the ICJ statute are subject to conditions or reservations. Even when an advisory opinion is an expression of the opinion of 15 judges of what is referred to as the world court, the opinion can be somewhat readily dismissed as non-binding. It is true that a legal opinion or advice is not as strict a sense of binding as a judgment may be, but an opinion provided by 15 judges elected by the international community to an apex judicial body should be considered with respect as an authoritative statement of what the law is. I submit that it is high time that there is a wide-ranging UN debate on the need to have another look in the 21st century at recourse to the ICJ and the extent to which Member States would be prepared to consider a review of the jurisdiction of the ICJ and access to the Court. This debate could also include the value of the advisory opinions of the Court and how this could be enhanced. We have been reminded by top officials of the Court of the need to maintain adequate resources for the Court to fulfil its mandate in years to come. Whilst we support the pleas for resources, the debate about funding could also include issues pertaining to access to the Court, as an essential component of the imperative need to ensure the rule of international law. This debate could also address the issue of enhancing diligence and effectiveness of the Court namely through promotion of the use of specialized chambers. We look forward to the ILC and this Committee considering the issue of jurisdiction of the ICJ and the value of its advisory functions as part of the need to ensure the rule of international law. Thank you, Madame Chair.


6th Committee · Chair [54:34]:

I thank the distinguished representative of Mauritius for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United Arab Emirates.


United Arab Emirates [54:52]:

Madam Chair, at the outset, The United Arab Emirates wishes to express its appreciation to the Secretary-General for his report contained in document A/81/184, entitled "Strengthening and coordinating UN rule of law activities."

Madam Chair, we stress our commitment to the Charter of the United Nations and the rules of

international law, which are fundamental and indispensable

to maintaining international peace and security, promoting stability and prosperity, and establishing an international order founded on justice and equality. As our world faces growing crises, conflicts, and challenges, we stress that strengthening the rule of law at the international level requires the consistent and non-selective application of international law, the fulfillment of international obligations, the full and effective implementation of binding

and resolutions, particularly those of the Security Council, and ensuring accountability in accordance with the law for violations thereof.

This is a shared responsibility that requires stronger international cooperation and the translation of commitments into practical steps and tangible results,

thereby strengthening confidence in the international system based on respect for the law. Madam Chair, in this spirit,

the UAE recently hosted the 15th UN Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, during which

Member States adopted the Abu Dhabi Declaration by consensus. It provides a framework for international action over the next five

years in the areas of crime prevention, criminal justice, and the rule of law.

The declaration also reflects a shared international commitment to strengthening the rule of law through enhancing access to justice, developing effective institutions capable of addressing current and emerging challenges, and strengthening international cooperation in this

field, thereby helping to translate the principles of the rule of law into practical measures.

My country has also acceded to the UN Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation.

This step supports the role of mediation as an effective means of resolving international commercial disputes and facilitates the cross-border recognition and enforcement of settlement agreements resulting from mediation, thereby strengthening the rule of law.

Madam Chair, At the national level, since its establishment, my country has been committed to strengthening the

rule of law in its

constitution and national legislation, making justice and the rule of law two fundamental pillars in the development of the Union.

The UAE continues to develop its legislative and judicial frameworks

in ways that enhance the efficiency of the justice system, safeguard rights, and keep pace with rapidly evolving developments and changing circumstances.

We recently adopted an integrated framework for mediation and conciliation in civil and commercial disputes. This framework strengthens alternative dispute resolution mechanisms and expedites proceedings and reduces costs while

integrity, impartiality and confidentiality.

It also supports the UAE's efforts to move towards a digital and flexible justice system by allowing mediation and conciliation proceedings to be conducted remotely and by granting approved settlement agreements enforceable legal effect.

In the same context,

we attach particular importance to ensuring equal access to justice and strengthening women's participation in the legal and judicial systems.

Emirati women continue to play an

active role in the judicial, legal, and legislative fields, including by assuming leadership roles and contributing to the development and enhanced efficiency of judicial services. This forms part of a national approach based on equal opportunity, the protection of rights, and the advancement of women's participation in various areas of public life, as integral to the rule of law and to ensuring justice for all.

In conclusion,

We reaffirm our commitment to continuing to support efforts to strengthen the rule of law at both the national and international levels, and to consolidate an international order founded on respect for the Charter of the United Nations and international law, thereby strengthening confidence in the multilateral system and contributing to the achievement of peace, security, stability, and prosperity for all.

Thank you.


6th Committee · Chair [59:39]:

I thank the distinguished representative of the United Arab Emirates for her statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Russian Federation.


Russian Federation [59:54]:

Madam Chair, we read the recent report of the Secretary-General on the rule of law at the national and international levels. It, once again, was very unbalanced. The General Assembly's instructions to pay attention to the international aspect of the rule of law were ignored. The main focus, once again, was on its national dimension. We would ask for this to be corrected. Given the specific nature of the work and mandate of the UNGA Sixth Committee, this particular report should focus on the international dimension of the rule of law. As regards assistance through the organization at the national level, it should be provided purely on the request of the interested country, with a careful and painstaking consideration in each case of the local, national, cultural, historic, legal, and religious specificities of that country. Once again, we would underscore that a one-size-fits-all approach in providing such assistance is acceptable, and blanket solutions quite simply do not exist. We do not agree that the concept of the rule of law somehow is the bedrock of the UN Charter. It is not even mentioned in it. What could be talked about is the rule of international law based on the UN Charter. We are against replacing the norms of international law with any artificially created concepts. Particularly perplexing in this context is the call for Member States to promote the rule of law in line with the new vision for the rule of law of the Secretary General. This was drafted without the mandate or approval of states against the Liquidity crisis facing the organization. Once again, we note a lack in the report of information about optimizing the UN's work in this area and eradicating numerous cases of duplication of efforts. Questions continue to arise regarding the global focal points, particularly in terms of the overlapping of efforts in the UN system. of those bodies engaged in the rule of law. We note that states do not have data about the modalities of its work. There are no reports as to which resources and based on which decisions these global focal points are financed. We are not clear or have not heard of member states giving a mandate for this. The report also is overburdened by Issues not directly linked to the mandate of the Sixth Committee and that duplicate the work of other fora, including issues such as combating sexual violence, justice for women and children, corruption and crime, transitional justice, and also establishing some so-called accountable and inclusive justice and security institutions, these issues should be considered within the format specifically earmarked for them. The section of the report on the international dimension of the rule of law is also limited and focused, for some reason, on just international justice. It is encouraging that it does not have a positive assessment of the scandal-ridden so-called International Criminal Court. We expect the Secretariat to fully implement in practice Mr. Guterres' position that the UN and the ICC are separate organizations. It's important that by no means all UN member states are in the Rome Statute, and many recently have indeed withdrawn from it. The UNGA resolution on the report on this pseudo-legal structure was supported by less than half of the UN membership. It is to be noted that even many participants of the Rome Statute did not choose to do that. There are also questions regarding the positive position or put forward about the defunct international residual mechanism. This ineffective and extremely costly temporary structure did not undergo a review of its work by the Security Council and because of that its mandate expired. We are against any mention in the report once again of the so-called Syrian mechanism and the similar structure on Myanmar. Both so-called mechanisms were established by the General Assembly when it was clearly overreaching its remit. These legitimate and completely opaque structures were created by Western countries to achieve their own interests. For some reason, they operate through the collective account of the UN member states from the regular budget of the organization. We are firmly convinced that the report should reflect the work only of those international judicial bodies that enjoy universal support. Here, we are astonished by the selective approach taken in presenting cases considered by the UN International Court, the main judicial body of the organization. Such an approach is also used in the report on ITLOS, the International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea. We expect these issues to be corrected in future Secretary-General reports. As regards the anti-Russian mechanism as mentioned, for example, the so-called special tribunal, the Claims Commission, and the Register of Damages, such structures were created by a very narrow group of Western states in gross violation not only of international law as a whole, but also in the mandates of the relevant regional organization. Their politicized nature, their selective approach, and attempts to pin responsibility on a state that is not a party to these relevant agreements This is all incompatible with the fundamental principles of international law, including the principle of the sovereign equality of states and non-interference in internal affairs. Attempts to encroach on the unlawfully frozen resources from the central bank not only undermine the existing regime for the sovereign immunity for these kind of assets, but also the sustainability of the global financial system, thereby creating a real threat for it being disrupted. I thank you.


6th Committee · Chair [1:06:35]:

I thank the distinguished representative of the Russian Federation for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Bangladesh.


Bangladesh [1:06:57]:

Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem. Madam Chair, Bangladesh aligns itself with the statement delivered on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement. To begin with, We wish to add a few remarks on this year's subtopic, strengthening the cooperation between this committee and the International Law Commission. The rule of law at the international level does not begin in courtrooms. It begins with rules that states have shaped and accepted. Article 13 of the Charter entrusts this Assembly with encouraging the progressive development of international law and its codification. The Commission was created to help us discharge that duty. The Commission's work and ours are two halves of the single process. The Commission proposes, the states, through this committee, respond and decide. When that dialogue works, it produces law of lasting authority. When it falters, the law falters with it. Allow me to comment on how this partnership can be strengthened as the subtopic requires. The dialogue must include every state. The Commission depends on the comments and practice of governments. As the Secretary-General's report this year records, States last year urged the Commission to base its work on the practice of all regions and to reflect the diversity of the world's legal traditions. Consider the topic of the general principles of law which the Commission worked on this year. When it invited written comments on its first reading text, it received them from nine States or groups of States. Six of the nine came from Europe and North America. None from Africa. This is not a sign of indifference. It reflects a gap. Principles said to be recognized by the community of nations must, in fact, be informed by the whole community. The Commission's own conclusions required that the comparative analysis of national legal systems be wide and representative, including the different regions of the world. As the ICJ held in the North Sea Continental Shelf cases, state practice must be both extensive and virtually uniform. Practice that never reaches the commission cannot be counted. Bangladesh therefore encourages early circulation of the questions on which the commission seeks views, realistic deadlines, practical support from the codification division to delegations from the developing countries, and full use of the program of assistance to train the relevant lawyers who prepare these comments. Then the dialogue should be more direct. Too often, we speak at the Commission in statements read in sequence rather than with it. We value the briefings the Commission Secretariat organizes at which Special Rapporteurs exchange views with delegates. For example, the presence of the Special Rapporteur on Crimes Against Humanity at this year's Preparatory Committee was referred to by the Secretary-General as invaluable. We encourage more such exchanges held early enough to inform our statements and more interactive dialogues on specific topics before the cluster debates. Madam Chair, on the general aspect of the topic, let us reiterate what our colleagues here have already stated. The international legal order is under strain. The prohibition of the use of force is being tested. Judgments and advisory opinions are left unimplemented, and rules are too often applied to some states and not to others. For countries like Bangladesh, international law is not a luxury. It is our first line of defense. Internationalism or multilateralism is not a slogan. It is how states without great power make their voices count. The answer to a strained order is not less law, but more faithful compliance with the law we already have. And the work of this committee and the commission is where that law is made. Report for the law also requires accountability. Bangladesh welcomes hearings on the merits held by the ICJ in the Gambia versus Myanmar case. and the continuing work of the Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar. We look forward to the Court's judgment. Justice for the Rohingya is a test whether international law protects those who have no one else to protect them. Respect for the Court also means respecting its advisory opinion, as our colleague from Mauritius emphasized. In its advisory opinion on 23 July 2025, on the obligations of states in respect of climate change, the ICJ unanimously advised that states have binding obligations in respect of climate change under treaty and customary law, and that a breach of this obligation is an internationally wrongful act. The court said that the question before it concerned an existential problem of planetary proportions that imperils all forms of life and the very health of our planet. Bangladesh was part of the core group of states that brought this request at the Assembly and argued it before the Court, because for our people, it is not an abstract question. In May this year, this Assembly welcomed the opinion and called upon all states to comply with their obligations as identified by the Court. An advisory opinion of the ICJ carries the authority of the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. It deserves to be implemented and not merely acknowledged. That is equally true of the Court's advisory opinion of 19 July 2024 on the legal consequences of Israel's policies and practices in the occupied Palestinian territory, which this Assembly welcomed in resolution ES/10/24. Bangladesh reaffirms its belief in the sovereign equality of nations peaceful settlement of international disputes, and in international climate justice. Finally, a word on the national level. Recently, with the support of the United Nations, Bangladesh made the smuggling of migrants a criminal offense under the Prevention and Suppression of Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling Act 2026. Bangladesh is committed to the independence of our judiciary, the accountability of our institutions, development as a right, fundamental human rights of people, and the faithful implementation of our treaty obligations in national law. If international law is the vanishing point of jurisprudence, it is only through states' belief in and action for the rule of law that international law can have any meaning at all. I thank you, Madam Chair.


6th Committee · Chair [1:14:13]:

I thank the distinguished representative of Bangladesh for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Mozambique. You have the floor, sir.


Mozambique [1:14:27]:

Madam Chair, Mozambique aligns itself with a statement delivered by the distinguished representative of Republic of Cameroon on behalf of the African group, the distinguished representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran. in behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement and wishes to make additional remarks in our national capacity. Mozambique reiterates its commitment and support to the primacy and prevalence of the rule of law at the national and international levels and its linkage to the three main UN pillars, peace, security, human rights and development. We thank the Secretary General for his comprehensive report on strengthening and coordinating United Nations rule of law activities and commend the organization's vital work in assisting member states in strengthening the rule of law in their respective jurisdictions, including the ongoing activities in our country, Mozambique. Madam Chair, this year's session subtopic regarding the enhancing of the rule of law by strengthening the cooperation between our committee and the International Law Commission allow us to reflect once again on our approach to the rule of law. Despite the Commission's mandate to promote progressive development and codification of the international law, the technical are still the main pattern of our relationship. We therefore align with those encouraging enhanced engagement and a strengthened collaboration between the two bodies. Meanwhile, we witnessing the concern growing and serious violation of international law, including the UN Charter and international human law. Violent conflicts continue to spread and the unilateralism is one of the rise. and undermining global peace and security. It is also challenging our economies and the well-being of our peoples, and this can easily lead to more conflicts. We will continue, beside many other member states, in our commitment to a unilateral system based in the rule of law with the United Nations at its center, which is necessary to peace and security. Madam Chair, going back to this year's subtopic, we believe that both the Sixth Committee and the International Law Commission can do more together in promoting the rule of law. There cannot be tension between legal expertise and state politics. if the goal is to promote the rule of law, or at least this tension cannot be a blocking element from either side. This relationship is necessary for developing the rule of law, as well as affirming respect for it. From our side, the sixth committee, we believe that the timely and substantive engagement are essential to assure that the member states' views can be taken on board. It was recalling that much of the Commission work consists on the collective and analysing national practices related to the rule of law with a view of assessing their possible contribution to the promotion of the progressive development of international law and its codification. We also understood that the Commission is willing to continue improving this relationship so the dialogue can be strengthened. for the fact consensus or unanimity among member states is important, but a small minority of states cannot block progress on force endless study periods or on critical legal frameworks. In a positive note, we support the ongoing preparation towards to the conclusions of the new conventions on the provision and punishment of crimes against humanity and the protection of patients in the event of disasters. Also, developing states participation in this relationship can be still a challenge. Requiring the necessary attention in providing regular technical support, coordination of positions and sharing of knowledge between those states can be equally beneficial. Madam Chair, Mozambique continues advancing and consolidating the rule of law domestically without invaluable UN support. The UN and Mozambique maintain a long-standing partnership in strengthening the rule of law in Mozambique. Last year's activities, including legal legal aid and facilitation for the assurance of civil documents for displaced person in some of the area of Cabo Delgado province affected by the terrorism activities as well as the strengthening of the legislative frameworks on climate change, air quality, forest, biodiversity, and the protection of human health. And our primary focus in increasing access of justice for all citizens. Sorry, our primary focus is increasing access of justice for all citizens. Among the initiatives, we adopted last June the Pact for Justice and the Rule of Law in Mozambique 2026-2046 as a bank-met political instrument for the transformation of the justice sector and as a structural contribution to the ongoing inclusive national dialogue. The pact was signed by the executive and the judicial as well as the Bar Association, who have committed to working together to build a truly independent, ethical, accessible, and effective justice system. The reforms and charter, the reign will be forwarded for legislative implementation as a matter of priority. In parallel, and as the challenges are continuous, we have been reinforcing the fight against corruption and money laundering through the enhanced legislation and institutional capacity, as well as focusing on changing the values, criteria, and practices that define the moral strength of a state. Additionally, combating terrorism, including its financing, money laundering, and transnational organized crime, requires robust international cooperation to dismantle domestic and transnational criminal networks. In this regard, we value the support from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and other value partners. holistic approach towards the consolidation of the rule of law in Mozambique, the said inclusive national dialogue aims to assure that our national development truly reflects the needs of aspiration of all Mozambicans without exception. Madam Chair, Mozambique reiterates its commitment to work collaboratively with all partners to strengthen the rule of law at the national and international levels, resorting the Sixth Committee to its natural leadership position in this fundamental process. only through genuine multilateral cooperation, mutual respect, and unwavering commitment to the UN Charter, we can build an international order in this aspiration. Thank you, Madam Chair.


6th Committee · Chair [1:23:38]:

I thank the distinguished representative of Mozambique for his statement, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Cabo Verde.


Cabo Verde [1:23:53]:

Thank you, Madam Chair. Allow me to congratulate all members of the Bureau on your election. Madame la Presidente. Madam Chair, my delegation aligns itself with this statement delivered by Cameroon on behalf of the African Group, and we add the following in our national capacity. The rule of law both at the national and international levels, remains the cornerstone of justice, legal certainty, democratic governance and the effective protection of human rights. It also represents one of the fundamental achievements of a civilised society, being a crucial foundation to peaceful, lasting development. We welcome the adoption in 2025 of resolution 80/167 of the General Assembly on the ninth review of the rule of law in the domestic legal sphere. We thank the Secretary-General for the reports contained in document A/81/184. which sheds light on the continued efforts to strengthen the rule of law at the national and international levels, as well as the important coordinating role played by the UN to support Member States. For Cabo Verde, the rule of law isn't an abstract principle. It represents an essential precondition for the maintenance of international peace and security, the promotion of justice, and legality for the achievement of sustainable development as well as the protection and promotion of human rights. In a time marked by multiplying geopolitical tensions, persistent conflicts, worsening inequalities and increasing pressure on the multilateral system, our collective commitment to international law and its consistent, impartial, non-selective application has never been more important. My country remains concerned by the fact that structural inequalities, persistent structural inequalities within the international system, continue to hamper the meaningful participation of developing countries, including African countries, in legal and decision-making processes at the international level. The technical, limited limited financial capacities and other structural inequalities continue to hamper the ability of many countries to contribute fully to the progressive development, interpretation and application of international law. It's therefore essential to meet these structural challenges to strengthen the rule at the national and international levels, a rule of law that is founded truly on the rules can only be effective if it is based on the sovereignty of states enshrined in the UN Charter and guided by the consistent application of international law. Capacity building within developing countries, ensuring the full, effective, meaningful participation in international processes should therefore remain a common priority. We are also concerned by the profound challenges that the international community is facing, particularly the weakening of the treaty regimes and multilateral institutions. their slow reform, the persistent double standards, persistent conflicts, the humanitarian crises, and the worsening of international inequality. The rule of law can only prosper when legal principles are not applied selectively. provided that they are not subject to political convenience, such trends might undermine trust in international law and weaken the very principles on which the UN was founded. We call for renewed commitment for multilateralism and the UN Charter and the full, consistent and good faith implementation of international law. Madam Chair, My country remains firmly committed to consolidating the rule of law, democracy, good governance, thanks to robust institutions, rigorously frameworks, and the respect of the will of our people. As a small island developing state, we are staunchly convinced that the rule of law remains the most solid safeguard that all states, regardless of their size, can be involved in an international community governed not by force but by law. We therefore continue to uphold these principles in our region, our continent, and beyond, to promote a fairer, more peaceful, and more equitable international order. Thank you very much.


6th Committee · Chair [1:29:33]:

I thank the distinguished representative of Cabo Verde for his statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran. You have the floor.


Iran (Islamic Republic of) [1:29:56]:

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Thank you, Madam Chair. On a personal note, I'm really happy to see you chairing this committee, and congratulations on your well-deserved election as Vice Chair of the Sixth Committee. Madam Chair, while the rule of law may be defined at the national level, on the international plane, there is no universally agreed definition of the rule of law. Nevertheless, in our understanding, the rule of law at the international level entails, first and foremost, full respect for and faithful adherence to the fundamental principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, including the sovereign equality of the states, the prohibition of threat or use of force, peaceful settlement of international disputes, non-intervention in internal affairs of states, respect for territorial integrity and political independence, and fulfillment in good faith of obligations under international law. This understanding is firmly grounded in the Declaration on Principles of International Law, adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 2625. In adopting the declaration, the General Assembly expressed its profound conviction that it would contribute to strengthening world peace and constitute a landmark in the development of international law, particularly by promoting the rule of law among nations through the universal application of the principles embodied in the charter. It seems that it was after the adoption of this declaration that the very notion of rule of law appeared more and more in the United Nations documents. Central to these principles is the obligation of every state to refrain in its international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state. The declaration affirms that a war of aggression constitutes a crime against the peace for which there is responsibility under international law. Resolution 2625 underlines that, I quote, "In accordance with the purposes and principles of the United Nations, States have the duty to refrain from propaganda for wars of aggression." Madam Chair, the importance of upholding these principles is particularly evident in the light of the growing challenges facing the international legal order. As the President of the International Court of Justice observed a few months ago during the solemn sitting commemorating the 80th anniversary of the Court, I quote: There are troubling signs of disengagement from international obligations, growing resistance to compliance, and increasing skepticism about the value of multilateralism. In some cases, the role of law itself has been openly questioned. These trends place great pressure on the system we serve." End of quote. These concerns are not merely theoretical. Madam Chair, on 28 February 2026, The United States, in collusion with its accomplice, the Israeli regime, initiated an unprovoked and premeditated aggression against my country for the second time in a year, deliberately targeting civilians, civilian objects, and densely populated areas, killing thousands of people, including women and children. In one single attack, they killed 168 children and teachers at an elementary school in Minab City, south of Iran. The aggressors committed heinous war crimes and crimes against humanity, amongst others. Madam Chair, in view of the judges of an international criminal tribunal, I quote, "To initiate a war of aggression is not only an international crime, it is the supreme international crime, differing only from other war crimes in that it contains within itself the accumulated evil of the whole." End of the quote. The devastating consequences of aggression against my country bear witness to the relevance of this pronouncement. In my country, hospitals and medical facilities were deliberately targeted, schools were attacked, children and teachers were killed, residential buildings were reduced to rubble, and even a wedding ceremony was not spared from the attacks. These atrocities demonstrate the unspeakable human suffering and destruction that aggression unleashes. My country demonstrated its determination, strength, and resolve in defending its territory, sovereignty, and its people, and will not hesitate to exercise its inherent right of self-defense against any aggression. Nevertheless, aggression against Iran and impunity for such gross violations should be a matter of grave concern to the international community as a whole, as aggression assaults on the very foundation of the rule of law at the international level. Madam Chair, the continued impunity for the grave violations of international law committed against the Palestinian people, particularly the ongoing genocide in Gaza, represents another profound challenge to the rule of law at the international level. The prohibition of genocide and obligation to prevent and punish these gravest of international crimes are fundamental obligations under international law that must be upheld without exception or selectivity. Failure to ensure accountability for such horrific crimes further undermines the credibility of the international legal order. Madam Chair, those who commit acts of aggression and genocide bear the primary responsibility for undermining the Charter-based international legal order and violating its most fundamental principles. At the same time, the erosion of the rule of law is further aggravated by those who remain silent in the face of such acts, acquiesce or seek to justify them, lend support to the aggressors or attempt to reverse the role of victims and perpetrators. Defending the rule of law is therefore not merely a concern of the states subjected to aggression, but the responsibility of the international community as a whole. It requires collective commitment to ensuring that force of law prevails over the law of force. This requires international community to unequivocally condemn aggression against my country, hold the aggressors accountable for their violations of international law, and take concrete measures to ensure that such violations do not recur. and that the ongoing genocide in Gaza comes to an immediate end and that impunity ends for these egregious crimes. Madam Chair, to conclude, I wish to underline that the Islamic Republic of Iran reaffirm its consistent principled position, including that a viable solution to the question of Palestine can only be achieved through the establishment of an independent, sovereign state of Palestine rooted in the genuine will of its original inhabitants, regardless of their religions, whether Muslims, Jews, or Christians, expressed through a free and inclusive referendum. I thank you.


6th Committee · Chair [1:36:54]:

I thank the distinguished representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Montenegro. You have the floor. My apologies. I have to give the floor to the distinguished representative of Gabon. Madam, I apologize, you have the floor. Thank you.


Gabon [1:37:25]:

Madame Chair, the Gabonese delegation is taking the floor for the first time during this Sixth Committee session. We would like to very warmly congratulate you on your election to the chairpersonship of this noble committee and the members of your bureau and you in particular. And we would like to reiterate to you our full support throughout our discussions. My delegation joins with the statements made by the representatives of Cameroon on behalf of the African group. and Iran on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement, respectively. I would like to thank the Secretary-General for his report A/80/184. Madam, the implementation of the rule of law is a top priority for the maintenance of international peace and security. current global challenges such as climate change, population displacement, mass displacement, migration, conflict, poverty, and political changes caused by this, underscores the universal nature of the rule of law as a basic principle that needs to govern the life of nations. but also an aspiration of the people to live in dignity, more justice, and for a better consistency and longevity of institutions. We need to underscore that there's no single model for the promotion of the rule of law, because it is the expression of a shared vision and political resolve, hence the need to have a dialogue ensuring national ownership. Gabon is firmly committed to the respect of the rule of law. It's a requirement that we uphold both nationally and in our relations with other nations and international partners. This commitment is reflected in the basic act of the Gabonese state and in our commitment to cultivate social peace and justice nationally. Promoting the rule of law is a pillar of the Gabon 2025 vision. Gabon is continuing to strengthen a number of institutions through root and branch reforms in the area of justice and public health. These reforms seek to revitalize its judicial system and to make sure it's independent, in particular by allocating supplementary budgetary resources to it and by ensuring proper training of its judicial officials. Tailor-made awareness campaigns are also under way to enable a better understanding of the judicial system for people and to enable them to enjoy better access to justice. We welcome the Secretary-General's efforts to reform judicial systems of developing countries, and these are praiseworthy. These efforts are in the area of education, the digital sphere, food, hygiene, healthcare, development, infrastructure, and improving prison conditions, prevention and rehabilitation of prisoners, contribute considerably to political stability and economic growth, and also to the protection of fundamental rights. The creation of a safe environment, furthermore, is crucial for peace and development, so that individuals and societies can flourish. Madam, Internationally, Gabon remains firmly committed to the principles in the UN Charter that guide relations between nations. My country has never departed from its commitment to develop harmonious relations with its neighbours and to promote a settlement of differences, if necessary, between nations through peaceful means. We are very welcoming of resolution 8250 on the trafficking of Africans and enslavement and also resolution A/8104 correct the map initiated by Ghana and Togo on behalf of the African group these resolutions constitute significant progress in international law because these resolutions attempt to regulate international relations, but also repair historic justices and to promote human dignity. They thus contribute to correcting the imbalances that were bequeathed to us from history by fostering a more equitable, inclusive, and respectful egalitarian approach between peoples. Madam Chair, in conclusion, my delegation would like to commend the United Nations for strengthening its methods to promote and disseminate international law and, in particular, the attention it pays to the process of establishing, acceding to and implementing multilateral treaties. Thank you very much indeed.


6th Committee · Chair [1:42:20]:

I thank the representative of Gabon for his statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Montenegro. You have the floor. Thank you.


Montenegro [1:42:35]:

Montenegro aligns itself with the EU statement and wishes to add a few remarks in its national capacity. We thank the Secretary-General for his latest report on strengthening and coordinating UN rule of law activities. This year, Montenegro marks 20 years of independence and 20 years of membership in the UN. During this period, strengthening the rule of law has remained one of the central priorities of our democratic development and institutional reform. Montenegro believes that respect for the rule of law at national level and respect for international law are mutually reinforcing. Strong institutions, independent and effective judiciary, and equal access to justice advance not only democracy, stability, and public trust, but also credibility of states in international affairs. These principles continue to guide Montenegro's EU accession, where the rule of law is fundamental. Particular attention is given to chapters 23 and 24, covering judiciary and fundamental rights, and justice, freedom, and security. We are making important progress in handling high-level corruption cases, enhancing cooperation among law enforcement authorities, strengthening accountability in the electoral process, and improving the independence and effectiveness of the judiciary and prosecution. These reforms required extensive alignment of our legal framework with European and international standards, as well as broad political consensus on key institutional reforms. They have brought Montenegro to the final phase of its EU accession process, hoping to become a member by 2029. For Montenegro, however, strengthening the rule of law is not only an EU accession requirement. It is first and foremost an investment in stronger institutions, greater public confidence, and the effective protection of the rights of every individual. Madam Chair. Montenegro remains committed to ensuring accountability for serious violation of international law. We continue to support efforts to investigate and prosecute war crimes and to strengthen national capacities in this area. We also remain committed to the effective functioning of the international system of justice. We underline the importance of respecting and implementing the decisions of international courts and tribunals. including the ICJ and ICC, in accordance with international law and obligations undertaken by states. The international legal order depends on consistent respect for the principles of the Charter of the UN, including sovereignty, territorial integrity, and the peaceful settlement of disputes. In this regard, Montenegro continues to support efforts to ensure accountability for violations of international law, including the international humanitarian and human rights law arising from aggression against Ukraine. In this context, we attach great importance to the relevant accountability mechanisms and initiatives within Council of Europe, especially the register of damage for Ukraine. This commitment remains an important priority as Montenegro assumes the presidency of the Council next month. We also strongly support strengthening of dialogue between this committee, the General Assembly, and the International Law Commission. Madam Chair, Montenegro remains firmly committed to advancing the rule of law at both national and international level. We reaffirm our commitment to a multilateral system rooted in international law and the rule of law with the UN at its core. Thank you.


6th Committee · Chair [1:46:13]:

I thank the distinguished representative of Montenegro for his statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Kuwait. You have the floor, sir.


Kuwait [1:46:31]:

Madam Chair, first and foremost, I would like to congratulate you on your chairpersonship of the work of the Sixth Committee. in this General Assembly session. We congratulate the other members of the Bureau and we wish you every success. We align ourselves with the statement made by the Arab Group, presented by Libya, and the statement made by the Gulf Cooperation Council, presented by the delegation of Bahrain. And I would also like to commend the statement by the Non-Aligned Movement. The State of Kuwait is firmly convinced that the rule of law, nationally and internationally, is the very basis for relations between States, the essential guarantee for peace and security, development, and the respect for human rights. Based on this, we stress the need for the international system to be based on clear, agreed upon rules that are neither selective nor double standards to ensure equal treatment between states. We welcome the contents of the Secretary General's report A/80/184 on strengthening the United Nations work in the area of the rule of law. We underscore in this context the importance of highlighting modern techniques and digital changes to promote transparency and accountability, to facilitate access to justice, to support sustainable development and the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms. In this context, We stress the importance of strengthening cooperation and complementarity between the Sixth Committee and the International Law Commission. Here, there are two fundamental pillars of the United Nations efforts to promote the progressive development of international law. We also stress the importance of enabling member states to contribute effectively to discussions of the outcomes of the International Law Commission to enhance its representativeness and inclusion in the area of developing international legal rules and for taking into consideration different legal systems and national experiences. Madam, at the national level, we base ourselves on strengthening the rule of law and We have a constitutional legislative framework that enshrines the principles of justice and equality before the law and safeguards the right of access to the courts and the independence of the judiciary. These are essential guarantees for protecting rights and freedoms. In this regard, the State of Kuwait spares no efforts to develop its legislative and judicial systems to strengthen and enhance the effectiveness of justice institutions, facilitate access to justice, empower women and promote equal opportunities, to be in keeping with contemporary developments, and to strengthen transparency, accountability and good governance. This is in accordance with our international obligations and national priorities. We are not merely committed to the international rule of law as a principle. It is a firmly established position rooted in our historical experience of the Iraqi aggression of 1990. That experience made us realize that it's important to ensure the UN Charter be upheld, that the sovereignty and territorial integrity of states be respected, and that territory cannot be acquired by force. It also illustrated the pivotal role of the United Nations and the Security Council in upholding international legitimacy and demonstrated that the respect for international law and the implementation of Security Council resolutions are essential guarantees for the security and stability of states, particularly small states. At the international level, we reiterate our support for the promotion of international justice and our rejection of violations of international law and the principles of the Charter of the UN. We reiterate our commitment to strengthening multilateralism, and we stress the importance of the ICJ as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, in particular Article 92 of the Charter. There is a need to respect the Court's decisions and judgments. We stress the close link between the rule of law, peace and security, sustainable development and human rights. We reiterate the need to respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of states and to not threat or threaten to use force as stipulated in Article 2 of the Charter. In this regard, Kuwait condemns the Iranian attacks against the State of Kuwait, the Member States of the Gulf Cooperation Council and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. These are violations of state sovereignty and these are a threat to regional security and stability. we warn of the impact of escalation and the widening of the conflict we also condemn the attacks against vessels in the state of hormuz this is a direct threat to Maritime safety and international peace and security we stress the need to guarantee freedom of navigation and the respect for international rules governing Transit in the Strait. We call upon Iran to comply with Security Council resolution 2817, co-sponsored by 136 States. Iran needs to uphold its obligations under international law and the relevant Security Council resolutions. Along the same lines, we condemn in the strongest possible terms the attacks carried out by the Houthi militia against the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This is a violation of its sovereignty and territorial integrity. We also condemn attacks and threats in the Bab al-Mandeb Strait and in the Red Sea. We emphasize the need to respect the relevant rules of international law, given the impact of such attacks on supply chains, global trade, and international peace and security. The State of Kuwait reaffirms its support for international efforts implementing the two-state solution. In particular, the high-level meeting organized by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, France, the UK on the 22nd of September, and the ministerial meeting of the Global Alliance for the Implementation of the Two-State Solution organized by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Norway, and the European Union on the 24th of September, 2026, on the sidelines of the high-level week of the 81st session of the General Assembly. Kuwait considers that the New York Declaration on the Peaceful Settlement of the Question of Palestine is an important step towards upholding international law and achieving a just and lasting peace based on the establishment of an independent Palestinian State within the 4th of June 1967 borders with East Jerusalem as its capital. In this context, Kuwait emphasizes the importance of respecting the advisory opinion of the ICJ of the 19th of July 2024 on the legal consequences arriving arising from the policies and practices of Israel in the occupied Palestinian territory and truly East Jerusalem that advisory opinion affirmed the unlawfulness of Israel's continued presence in the OPT and the resulting legal obligations incumbent upon the occupying power and the other states, underscoring the need to bring the occupation to an end and respect the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination. The State of Kuwait strongly condemns the policies and practices pursued by the occupying power against the Palestinian people, including starvation, forced displacement, attacks against civilians, and settlement expansion, which are all grave violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law. This unlawful occupation needs to be brought to an end to ensure accountability for violations. We also condemn the continuing Israeli attacks against the Syrian Arab Republic, including incursions since 8 December 2024, arrests and abductions targeting civilians, including children, These are violations of Syria's sovereignty and territorial integrity. It stresses that these attacks must cease. We stress rather these attacks must cease and that Israel must withdraw from all occupied Syrian territories, including the occupied Syrian Golan. We reiterate our full, entire support for the Lebanese Republic. so that it shores up its sovereignty and authority over its entire territory, in particular for decisions regarding war and peace, and so that It has sole possession of weapons. Kuwait condemns Israel's attacks against Lebanese territory and warns that continued violations and escalation undermine international peace and security and underscore the need to respect international law and the sovereignty of states. In conclusion, we reiterate our unwavering commitment to strengthening the rule of law at the national and international levels. to consolidate peace and security, to achieve justice and equality, and to advance sustainable development. We support international efforts to create a fairer international system that embodies the principles and purposes of the Charter. I thank you.


6th Committee · Chair [1:56:50]:

I thank the distinguished representative of Kuwait for his statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Peru. You have the floor, sir.


Peru [1:57:02]:

Peru particularly thanks the Secretary-General for the presentation of the report on the strengthening coordination of United Nations rule of law activities. My delegation further aligns itself with the statement delivered by Uruguay on behalf of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, and we would like to express the following comments in our national capacity. Madam Chair, we are living in particularly complex times for the international legal order. We see the persistence of armed conflicts, threats to international peace and security, transnational organized crime, the consequences of climate change, and the challenges related to new technologies. All of these test our collective ability to provide effective, fair, and sustainable responses. In the light of this reality, Peru believes it's essential to reaffirm a fundamental belief: international law cannot be an option that is subject to circumstances, nor may its observance or respect for it depend on political coexistence or convenience between states. Respecting the rule of law is a legal obligation and an essential precondition for peaceful coexistence among nations. The United Nations Charter established the foundations of a principles-based international order, principles that remain just as valid today: the sovereign equality of states, the prohibition on the threat or use of force, territorial integrity, the self-determination of peoples, the peaceful settlement of disputes, and good faith compliance with international obligations. These principles should not be understood as mere statements of intention. They represent legal commitments that all states are to respect without any exception or selective interpretation. Madam Chair, Peru agrees with the premise that the rule of law is at the very heart of the international legal order. Without it, relationships between states run the risk of being subordinated to power asymmetries, weakening confidence, cooperation, and the very legitimacy of the multilateral system. For a country like Peru, whose diplomatic tradition has granted particular importance to international law, multilateralism, and the peaceful settlement of disputes, The defense of the rule of law is a permanent expression of our foreign policy. Our historic experience reaffirms the value of legal and institutional mechanisms used to resolve the differences among states. In this context, we particularly recognize the role of the International Court of Justice, which contributes to consolidating the primacy of the rule of law over and above confrontation. We therefore believe that strengthening international institutions, respecting their legally binding decisions and preserving their independence is a shared responsibility. Furthermore, Peru believes that the rule of law must be applied universally, objectively and non-selectively. The strength of the international order isn't measured solely by the norms that we adopt, rather more fundamentally by our readiness to comply with them, even when that means making difficult decisions. At the national level, the rule of law is a vital presupposition for democracy, the protection of human rights, legal certainty and sustainable development. Strengthening it demands effective, transparent institutions, independent justice, accountability mechanisms and effective access to justice for everyone, particularly persons in a situation of vulnerability. Peru recognizes that doing this takes ongoing effort and that no state is free of challenges. For this very reason, we welcome international cooperation, the exchange of experiences and technical assistance to build our institutional capacity. In the same vein, we highlight the close relationship between the rule of law and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 16, to promote peaceful and inclusive societies, facilitate access to justice and to build effective and responsible and accountable institutions. Madam Chair, My delegation would like to highlight the importance of the progressive development and codification of international law and the valuable work carried out by the International Law Commission. In line with the subtopic proposed for our debate, we believe that it is timely to look more deeply at the cooperation between the ILC and the Sixth Committee promoting substantive dialogue to translate their specialized legal work into concrete steps forward for the international law. Contemporary challenges demand an international law that is able to respond to new realities without straying from the fundamental principles that grant it legitimacy and consistency. Madam Chair, to conclude, Peru reaffirms its steadfast commitment to multilateralism and to the United Nations as the central forum for dialogue, cooperation, and for forging collective solutions. At times at which the international consensus is facing increasing difficulties, we must remember that multilateralism doesn't solely represent a form of cooperation among states. Rather, it above all represents an expression of our will to resolve with law something that must not be left up to might alone. Today, more than ever, our responsibility is not only to reaffirm this principle, but also to honour it through our decisions and action. Thank you.


6th Committee · Chair [2:03:30]:

I thank the distinguished representative of Peru for his statement. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Sierra Leone. You have the floor, sir.


Sierra Leone [2:03:42]:

Thank you, Madam Chair. Sierra Leone aligns itself with the statement delivered on behalf of the African group and the non-aligned movement. We offer these remarks in our national capacity. Sierra Leone reaffirms its unwavering commitment to the rule of law as the foundation of just, peace, and equitable societies. This conviction is born of lived experience, our journey from conflict to peace has taught us that no society can endure without law, justice, and accountable institutions. Madam Chair, at the national level, Sierra Leone continues to advance ambitious reforms. The Justice Sector Reform Strategy 2024-2030 remains our blueprint for delivering fair and effective justice, with particular focus on expanding access in rural and underdeserved communities through the appointment of resident judges and prosecutors to remote areas. We continue to build on landmark legislative achievements. The Criminal Procedure Act 2024, replacing colonial-era legislation, is being implemented to accelerate trials and reduce pre-trial detention. Ongoing work to modernize the law of evidence, including provisions on electronic evidence and expert testimony, reflects our commitment to a justice system fit for the digital age. Recent child rights and anti-child marriage legislation, prohibiting child marriage with no exceptions, continues to protect the rights of women and girls. Sierra Leone is also undertaking a comprehensive constitutional review. Our constitutional reform process continues to be guided by legality, institutional checks, and respect for judicial oversight. Where constitutional questions arise, our institutions remain committed to resolving them through lawful procedures and respect for the independence of the judiciary. This reflects our conviction that no authority, including the executive, is above constitutional scrutiny, and that the legitimacy of any reform depends on adherence to legal processes. Madam Chair, at the international level, Sierra Leone is deeply concerned by the continued erosion of respect for the UN Charter. The prohibition of the use of force, respect for sovereignty, and the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by force are being violated with alarming impunity in Gaza, in Ukraine, in Sudan, and elsewhere. The failure to uphold basic legal protections constitutes a grave challenge to our collective commitment to the rule of law. The rule of law at the international level requires its consistent and non-selective application. We cannot espouse it in one context and excuse its violation in another. Selective compliance with international judgments, including those of the International Court of Justice, and attempts to coerce the International Criminal Court erode trust in the institutions established to uphold accountability. Sierra Leone calls for renewed commitment to the independence of the international courts and tribunals and to the consistent application of international law by all states. We also emphasize the importance of equitable geographic representation and the diversity of legal systems on the bench of the International Court of Justice. A court that adjudicates the disputes of the world must reflect the legal traditions and perspectives of all its people. CILM welcomes the entry into force of the BBNJ Agreement as a landmark in the rule of law in ocean governance, We also note the authoritative guidance provided by the ITLOS and the ICJ on States' legal obligations concerning climate change. Equally, we underscore the urgency of developing harmonized legal frameworks for cyberspace, artificial intelligence, and autonomous weapons systems, so that technological innovation is governed by international law and the principles of humanity. Madam Chair. Having recently completed a two-year term as an elected member of the Security Council, Sierra Leone draws on that experience to reaffirm that the rule of law is a practical necessity for the maintenance of international peace and security. We witnessed firsthand the consequences of its erosion and the indispensable role of multilateral institutions in upholding it. We call on the United Nations to strengthen its capacity building, support to developing and post-conflict states. Sierra Leone's own experience from the Special Court for Sierra Leone to our ongoing justice sector reforms demonstrate that sustainable rule of law requires sustainable investment, political will, and international cooperation. In conclusion, Sierra Leone remains resolute in its commitment to uphold and advance the rule of law. We will continue to modernize our national institutions, meet our international obligations, and advocate for a just, inclusive, and rules-based global order. The erosion of the rule of law anywhere threatens justice everywhere. Let us renew our shared responsibility to strengthen the legal foundations of our international system to safeguard the rights, dignity, and security of the present and future generations. Thank you, Madam Chair.


6th Committee · Chair [2:09:14]:

I thank the distinguished representative of Sierra Leone. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United Republic of Tanzania. You have the floor.


United Republic of Tanzania [2:09:26]:

Madam Chair, I would like to express my appreciation for another opportunity to address this august committee on behalf of my delegation. Tanzania reiterates its strong support for the rule of law at national and international levels. Equally important, my delegation thanks the Secretary-General for his report on this agenda item, contained in document A/81/184. Tanzania associates itself with the statement delivered by Cameroon. on behalf of the African Group, and by the Islamic Republic of Iran on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement, and wishes to share a few remarks at its national capacity. Madam Chair, the rule of law is the cornerstone of international relations. It is the very foundation on which the United Nations was built 80 years ago. The rule of law is the bedrock of materialism and the foundation for just and a peaceful society. A strong rule-based international legal order where laws are clear, agreed on, and complied with is essential for a just, peaceful, and prosperous world. So is the rule of law at national and international levels. At international level, the rule of law lies at the heart of the Charter of the United Nations and international legal order. The Charter establishes a framework for the international relations governed by law rather than force, as provided for under Article 2, paragraph 3 and 4. The Charter further requires member states to act in accordance with international law and to fulfill their obligation in good faith. The rule of law is thus central to the United Nations' three pillars: international peace and security, human rights, and sustainable development. With this shared understanding, this Committee and the General Assembly have also repeatedly affirmed in several agendas the imperative of upholding the UN Charter and international law as fundamental to the promoting of rule of law at international levels. Madam Chair, there can be no compromise on the obligation of states to respect and comply with international law, which underpins the rule of law at both international and national levels. The selective application of international law to advance narrow national interests, while disregarding it when inconvenient, undermines sovereign equality, justice, and international peace and security. Such double standards erode the credibility of international legal order. Legitimately, the continued disregard of international law, international institutions, and rule-based international order cannot and must not become the norm. At international courts and tribunals, including the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea have made invaluable contribution to the interpretation and application of international law. Their effectiveness, however, depends on state willingness to respect their jurisdiction and comply with their decision and applicable international law. Madam Chair, might does not make right and power cannot substitute for law. No state, regardless of its political, economic and military strength, should consider itself above the law or entitled to disregard its international obligations with impunity. Compliance with the decisions and judgments of international courts and tribunals must never be reduced to a matter of political convenience. The rule of law cannot endure where compliance is optional and accountability is selective. We must therefore reaffirm our collective commitment to the Charter of the United Nations and international law through concrete, consistent and demonstrable actions. Madam Chair, turning to the rule of law at the nation level, the Secretary-General's report provides an imperative snapshot of the indispensable work of the United Nations to promote and strengthen the rule of law at national level. My delegation commends the United Nations for its initiative supporting States in promoting the rule of law in their respective jurisdictions. As reflected in the report, during the reporting period, the United Nations scaled up several projects and provided support to several States aimed at promoting the rule of law. Such projects and activities included security, access to justice, crime prevention and armed violence reduction, reduction of corruption, the rule of law in the prevention and the countering of terrorism and organized crime, as well as implementation of Security Council Resolution 2589 of 2021 on accountability for crimes against peacekeepers. This support aligns with goal 16 of Agenda 2030 for sustainable development, which calls for promoting peace and inclusive societies, providing access to justice for all, and building effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels. Madam Chair, while appreciating the United Nations support for promoting the rule of law at national level, We should also applaud regional and sub-regional organizations for playing equally vital role. For instance, African states within the African Union framework are pursuing efforts to consolidate the rule of law, democracy and good governance, drawing notably on regional normative and institutional frameworks through initiatives such as African Governance Architecture, the African Peer Review Mechanism. We recommend that the United Nations join the African Union in these endeavors and extend its support to sub-regional organizations such as SADC, ECOWAS, and the East African Community, to name a few. On our part, during the reporting period, Tanzania continued to take significant measures to enhance access to justice through Mama Samia Legal Aid Campaign, launched in 2019. 2023 under the vision leadership of her excellence Dr Samia Sulu Hassan, President of the United Republic of Tanzania. Guided by the philosophy of four R's, reconciliation, resilience, reforms and rebuilding the nation, this campaign promotes justice, equality, peace and sustainable development across the country. Its motto, Legal Aid for Justice, Equality, Peace and Development, embodies its purpose of ensuring that justice reaches all citizens, regardless of their social and economic status. The campaign provides three services, legal aid to the general public, legal support to detainees, remandees and prisoners. This initiative aimed to ensure that equality before the law is provided under Article 13 of the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania of 1977 and Article 12 of the Zanzibar Constitution of 1994 is full observed in all institutions, including those mandated with dispensation of justice. By June 2026, The legal aid campaign had been implemented in all 31 regions of the country, reaching more than 10 million citizens directly and extending services to over 9,500 inmates and. Through media outreach, An estimated of 47 million people across Tanzania have been sensitized about their rights and access to justice. This achievement demonstrates Tanzania commitment to make just, practical, inclusive, and accessible to all. Madam Chair, the continued use of alternative dispute resolution mechanism has made justice more accessible and less adversarial, particularly in civil and family matters. In Tanzania, ADL has helped resolve disputes amicably, reduced court congestion, and fostered a culture of dialogue and reconciliation. These efforts affirm Tanzania's conviction that justice is not a privilege for a few, but a right for all. In November 2026, the United Republic of Tanzania will present its fourth Universal Periodic Review before the Human Rights Council in Geneva. Completing four review cycles over 15 years reflects Tanzania's continued commitment to promoting and protecting human rights. strengthening the rule of law and fulfilling its international obligation under human rights instruments to which it is a state party. This process further underscores our commitment to constructive engagement with the international human rights system and the continued advancement of human rights at national level, which underpins the rule of law.

Madam Chair,

Tanzania emphasizes the mutual reinforcement of the laws of the Sixth Committee and the International Law Commission in the progressive development and codification of international law. Through its independent legal expertise, the Commission prepares draft articles that provide a valuable basis for states to deliberate at the Sixth Committee and the General Assembly to negotiate and, where appropriate, develop legally binding international instruments. My delegation calls on these bodies to enhance their working relationships to make meaningful implementation of Article 13 of the UN Charter. Madam Chair, I wish to end my remarks by joining others in sharing my reflection on the preamble of the Charter of the United Nations, which opens with a determination to establish conditions under which justice and respect for obligation arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained and continued. In ensuring articles with specific obligation in this regard, Respecting the rule of law is therefore not a mere aspiration of the Charter. It is a commitment embodied in its purposes, principles and provisions. If allowed, its erosion would not weaken the United Charter, but also threaten the entire international legal framework.

Therefore,

Stating for the purposes and the principles of the Charter means giving it its provisions practical effect and affirming their role in promoting peace and security, human rights, and sustainable development. At national level, Tanzania firmly believes that the rule of law ensures that no one is above the law and underpins just and peaceful societies. We are committed to continually improving our system and look forward to exchange views on this agenda item. I thank you for your kind attention.


6th Committee · Chair [2:22:08]:

I thank the distinguished representative of the United Republic of Tanzania. I now give the floor to the observer delegation of the Sovereign Order of Malta. You have the floor.


SMOM · Observer [2:22:22]:

Thank you. Thank you, Madam Chair.

The Sovereign Order of Malta thanks the Secretary-General for his

report and welcomes this year's focus on strengthening cooperation between the Sixth Committee and the International Law Commission.

For more than nine centuries, the Order has carried out

its mission of serving the sick and the poor through law and diplomacy, never through force.

As such, we understand that the rule of law is not an abstract legal concept. It is what allows humanitarian workers to reach those in need. It protects civilians caught in conflict, and it gives victims a path to justice. We see what happens when the rule of law fails. In Haiti, where a protracted crisis of gang violence and political instability persists, our teams in Port-au-Prince and other regions provide essential medical care, nutrition, and food security to malnourished children and displaced families.

Yet, the rule of law does not only erode from within. It may be torn apart by civil war,

between armed factions, as in Sudan. It may also be the deliberate target of aggression from outside, as in Ukraine, where years of war have placed institutions and public order under relentless strain.

Whatever the cause, where institutions collapse, it is always the most vulnerable who suffer first.

And who suffer most. The work.

Of the International Law Commission, carried forward by this committee, gives shape to the protection on which these populations depend. The Order, therefore, encourages all States to engage fully with the Commission, including by sharing their practice in response to its requests. so that its work reflects the realities faced on the ground.

Building legal capacity is equally essential.

Since 2024, the Order has collaborated with UNITAR to develop online courses and high-level events to train law enforcement and humanitarian workers. Such partnerships show that the rule of law is strengthened not only in negotiating rooms.

But also through the people who apply it every day. Nor can this effort stop with those who practice the law.

Awareness of the need to respect international humanitarian law must be raised not only among scholars and practitioners.

But across civil society at large. Rules that are known and valued by the people they protect are far harder to set aside. Excellencies, distinguished delegates, as Pope.

John Paul II reminded us, respect for human dignity is the fundamental requirement of a just and peaceful society.

The rule of law.

Exists to serve that dignity. The Order of Malta remains committed to working with all Member States to uphold it.


6th Committee · Chair [2:26:12]:

Thank you. I thank the representative of the observer delegation of the Sovereign Order of Malta. I now give the floor to the observer delegation of the European Public Law Organization. You have the floor.


EPLO · Observer [2:26:33]:

Thank you, Madam Chair. Allow me first to congratulate you and the members of the Bureau on your election and to thank the Secretary-General for his report, and in particular A/81/184. EPLU welcomes the decision of the General Assembly to focus this year's debate on strengthening cooperation between the six committees and the International Law Commission. EPLAW is an intergovernmental organization and a permanent observer of the General Assembly, and we wish to speak from practice. EPLAW has executed more than 400 projects of all sizes in more than 80 countries, and more than 50 this year alone. All of them have served reform, and most have promoted the rule of law. In the field of justice alone, EPLAW has carried out 76 projects since 1997 in more than 50 jurisdictions across Europe, Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The experience shapes four concrete offers. First, evidence of state practice from all regions and legal traditions. Delegations have asked the Commission to base its work on practice and opinio juris from every region. EPLA has long worked with Legal Traditions Meet. Through the Alfa Dikya programs, we work with Chile, Colombia, and Guatemala on the rule of the judiciary and on the interaction between the European and American conventions on human rights. Through EuroMed Justice, We trained practitioners from the European Union together with practitioner from 10 states of the Southern Mediterranean and the Middle East. Through the building on ECLI project, we helped make national case law from 10 European states identifiable and accessible across borders. Our Global Rule of Law Commission, chaired by President Giuliano Amato, issued its report on Africa last year Its report on Latin America will be circulated to this Committee in the coming days. We will make this comparative material available to the Commission's special rapporteurs and the delegations. Second, capacity for states to engage. The dialogue with the Commission works only if states respond to its questions and comment on its drafts. EPLAW has trained jurists and support legal reform in Sudan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova, and Kazakhstan. We trained judges of the Supreme Administrative Court of Thailand and strengthened Serbia's High Judicial Council and State Prosecutorial Council. Over four phases, we support the legal reform in the Brcko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This year, we continued to train criminal justice practitioners in the Western Balkans. On that basis, we offered interested member states technical workshops on topics before the Commission to help them prepare their written comments. Third, knowing whether international standards are applied in practice. To distinguish codification from progressive development, the Commission must know which norms states actually apply. EPLO measures exactly this. Our Vociare and Benevict projects assess the implementation of victims' rights standards in more than 20 European states. Our digital rights projects examined procedural guarantees in cybercrime trials and the use of electronic evidence. That work is directly relevant as states consider ratifying the new United Nations Convention against Cybercrime. Fourth, a neutral space and new tools. Through our Kikones program, EPLAW brought together representatives of Balkans and Black Sea states on the rule of law. We also took part in the Justice Sector Peer Assisted Learning Network for Europe and Central Asia. We can convene similar informal exchanges between members of the Commission, delegates and national experts in New York, in Geneva and in all the regions, with full respect for the Commission's independence. We would also bring our experience with digital justice, from an artificial intelligence tool supporting European arrest warrant cooperation to virtual reality training for judges. Madam Chair, in concluding my remarks, the Secretary General recalls that the rule of law lies at the heart of the Charter. EPLAW places nearly three decades of practical experience at the service of the Committee and of the Commission. The Global Rule of Law Commission remains at the disposal of all Member States. Thank you.


6th Committee · Chair [2:32:01]:

I thank the distinguished representative of the observer delegation of the European Public Law Organization for his statement. Distinguished delegates, the distinguished representative of the observer delegation of the European Public Law Organization was the last speaker for this agenda item. It is my understanding that the delegation of Turkey wishes to exercise the right of reply. Before we proceed, I would like to remind the Committee that, in accordance with paragraphs 9 and 10 of annex 5 to the rules of procedure of the General Assembly, the number of interventions in exercise of the right of reply for any delegation at a given meeting is limited to two per item, and the first intervention should be limited to 10 minutes and the second intervention should be limited to five minutes. In view of the tight schedule for our meetings this year, I would like to encourage delegations to exercise the right of reply to please be as brief as possible and to remain well within these time limits. I therefore give the floor to the representative of Turkey in exercise of right to reply. Thank you.


Türkiye [2:33:21]:

Thank you, Madam Chair. I'm taking the floor in reply to one delegation who brought up baseless allegations against my country yesterday. It is both inappropriate and regrettable that certain delegations attempt to exploit this committee's discussions on the rule of law to advance their political narratives. The rule of law at both national and international levels cannot be invoked selectively or manipulated to distort historical facts and the realities on the ground. Turkish Cypriot people, co-founders of the 1960 partnership state, were forced out of the government institutions and legislative and judicial organs of Cyprus in 1963. Turkish Cypriot people throughout the island had to flee their homes out of fear for their lives in the face of the Greek Cypriot onslaught which lasted for 11 years. Madam Chair, atrocities that amount to ethnic cleansing against Turkish Cypriots are well documented in the UN archives. Consequently, UNFICYP was deployed on the island back in 1964. In the following 10 years, 180,000 Turkish Cypriots had been displaced multiple times and forced to live in scattered enclaves. The international community has been deliberately misled by portraying the Cyprus problem as one of invasion and occupation and by referring to the legitimate and justified Turkish intervention on the island carried out in accordance with the Treaty of Guarantee. In fact, the only occupation on the island is the 60-year-long occupation of the seat of the so-called Government of Cyprus by the Greek Cypriot administration. Madam Chair, it is the Greek Cypriot side that rejected comprehensive solution attempts based on a bi-zonal, bi-communal federation. We would like to remind that the Turkish Cypriot side and Turkey proved their political will for a solution over the past decades, in 2004 with the UN comprehensive settlement of the Cyprus problem, namely the Annan Plan, and in 2017 during the conference of Cyprus in Krammontana. Turkey fully supports the proposals of the Turkish Cypriot leadership aimed at establishing a structured cooperative relationship with the Greek Cypriot side following the acknowledgement of the inherent sovereign equality and equal international status of the two states on the island. Madam Chair, any genuine commitment to the rule of law must begin with respect for the equal rights and legitimate status of the Turkish Cypriot people. It is self-contradictory to appeal to the rule of law while at the same time disregarding the lawful rights and equal standing of the Turkish Cypriot people. We categorically reject all the baseless allegations of the Greek Cypriot administration. Greek Cypriot representatives' allegations shall be answered by their very counterpart, namely the Turkish Cypriot side, whose voice unfortunately cannot be heard at this platform. I thank you.


6th Committee · Chair [2:36:20]:

I thank the distinguished representative of Turkey. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of India in exercise of right of reply. You have the floor.


India [2:36:43]:

Thank you, Madam Chair. My delegation is compelled to take the floor to respond to the remarks made by the delegation of Pakistan. It is ironic to hear lectures on rule of law from a nation whose own record makes a mockery of it. While here at the UN, Pakistan claims to defend the rule of law, in their own country, army is the rule and army is the law. The 26th constitutional amendment was a real blow to judicial independence in Pakistan. It goes against the rule of law, against the protection of human rights, and is inconsistent with Article 14 of the ICCPR. A state that places its military rulers behind the reach of its own courts is in no position to lecture on the rule of law in this committee. A regime where no government has been allowed to finish an elected term, a regime which arbitrarily jails an ex-Prime Minister, a regime that denies him medical treatment in opposition to its own Supreme Court's direction, is a regime that makes a mockery of the rule of law. A country where a popular party is not allowed to contest even in their sham elections, controlled by its military, is in no position to lecture my country. A country where military courts sentence civilians, where Supreme Court judges are muzzled, and human rights crushed in every way, the rule of law is a dead letter. I say only one thing to my Pakistani colleague: listen to your people. I thank you, Madam Chair.


6th Committee · Chair [2:38:18]:

I thank the distinguished delegate of the representative of India. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Pakistan in exercise of right of reply. You have the floor.


Pakistan [2:38:32]:

Thank you, Madam Chair. I'm obliged to take the floor to respond to the fictitious remarks made by the Indian delegation. India would do well to remember that this committee is a forum to reaffirm our shared resolve to respect rule of law, not a platform to defend illegal actions, aggressions, and violation of human rights. India has a strange obsession with Pakistan, which has compounded after its failed aggression and its ignominious defeat by Pakistan last year. The question before us is if we should expect India to respect the rule of law, implement the UNSC resolutions on Indian illegally occupied Jammu and Kashmir, accept unanimous decisions of international courts, or as India wishes, acquiesce to its failed attempts of imposing its hegemony and flouting of international norms and treaty obligations. We cannot accept the latter approach. Law can never become subservient to aggression and intimidation. Pakistan is not the only victim of India's violation of international law and misconduct. Indian government is involved in the witch hunting and assassination of political dissidents worldwide. At home, religious minorities, including Christians, Sikhs, and particularly Muslims, which are India's largest minority, suffer from systemic persecution, harassment, public lynching, discrimination, and even ghettoization. Instead of peddling lies against Pakistan and defending its violation of international law, India should join the fellowship of responsible and law-respecting nations fulfill its international obligations by implementing UNSC resolutions, respect international treaties, and restore constitutional rights of its minorities. Else, India would continue facing embarrassments, not only in the military field, but also in the international courts. I thank you.


6th Committee · Chair [2:40:30]:

I thank the distinguished representative of Pakistan. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran in exercise of right of reply. You have the floor.


Iran (Islamic Republic of) [2:40:45]:

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Thank you, Madam Chair. I have to underline that no provision of international law or the Charter of the United Nations require us to remain passive while our territory are being attacked and our people are being killed. Definitely international law, of course, requires all countries, including those in the region, to refrain from placing their territory at the disposal of other states for acts of aggression against us. It's therefore difficult to understand on what legal basis Iran could be expected to be simply subjected to an attack and not defend itself. International law imposes no obligation of passivity. Rather, international law confers upon us an inherent right to defend ourselves. Therefore, the measures taken in response to the aggression by us was in exercise of our inherent right to self-defense and in accordance with international law, including international humanitarian law. And we have to mention that political calculation which fails to reflect the fact and try to change the place of culprit and victim culminated in a text to which some members have been, have subscribed to against their will could not be considered credible. The facts could not be changed, nor the laws that could, that need to be applied, and these facts, as we mentioned, could be changed. As for the Strait of Hormuz, we have always demonstrated our commitment to the safety and security of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz, evident under the law of the sea. Passage through such a strait must have due respect to the sovereignty of coastal states and in a such manner that passage does not threaten the security and sovereignty of the coastal states. And the Strait of Hormuz has undergone a fundamental change of circumstances resulting directly from the aggression against my country and the aggressors use of the Strait of Hormuz for and the maritime space to commit attacks against Iran and to supply military bases placed at their disposal in the region has fundamentally changed the circumstances. And regarding the passage, regime of passage through the Strait of Hormuz, we once again emphasize our legal position that Iran, given that Iran has not ratified the convention of UNCLOS, Iran considers itself bound only by those provisions that Iran considers as part of customary international law. I thank you.


6th Committee · Chair [2:43:27]:

I thank the distinguished representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Cyprus in exercise of right of reply. You have the floor.


Cyprus [2:43:45]:

Thank you, Madam Chair. My delegation is compelled to exercise its right of reply to the remarks made by the representative of Turkey. It is deeply regrettable that the Turkish delegation appears determined not to let facts interfere with its narrative, persisting in the use of arbitrary names of its own invention. In this regard, let us recall that the Republic of Cyprus is a member state of the United Nations and the only recognized international state on the island, in accordance with international law and relevant Security Council resolutions 541 of 1983 and 550 of 1984. The Security Council has declared the purported secession of the Turkish occupation regime in Cyprus as legally invalid, called for non-recognition of the secessionist entity, and called upon all states not to facilitate or assist it. Let me also remind that the Republic of Cyprus acceded to the European Union on 1st of May 2004 with the whole of its territory, including the areas under Turkish occupation, forming part of the Union. The international community has no doubts. The Republic of Cyprus represents and will continue to represent the whole of Cyprus and all Cypriots. We therefore unequivocally reject the Turkish assertions which are inconsistent with international law and the relevant Security Council resolutions. Respect for the equality of states, the prohibition of threat or use of force, and the sovereignty and territorial integrity of states are fundamental.

To the work of this committee.

These principles must be upheld consistently in Cyprus as elsewhere.

I thank you.


6th Committee · Chair [2:45:46]:

I thank the distinguished representative of Cyprus. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Bahrain. in exercise of a right of reply. Thank you. I now give the floor to the representative of India in second intervention on the right of reply. You have the floor, madam.


India [2:46:27]:

Thank you, Madam Chair. I just could not help taking the floor seeing the mockery of this august forum that a Pakistani colleague is seeking to make. Pakistan's accusations on India's treatment of religious minorities is only a tactical diversion from its own conduct towards its minorities, whose percentage in their population has been constantly shrinking since this country came into existence. Pakistan's new foreign media facilitation guidelines, therefore, which require a no objection certificate for assignments outside Islamabad, Lahore and Karachi, should not come as a surprise. And in such a country, what can possibly be the state of fourth pillar of democracy? Madam Chair, the rule of law bestows an obligation upon those in positions of power to do good upon those they govern. However, in case of Pakistan, unfortunately, this promise is broken again and again. As far as the question of defeat is concerned, this committee has already heard the truth from us earlier this week. I do not want to prolong my Pakistani colleagues' embarrassment. It is not India that has obsession within Pakistan, but the other way around. What happened last year was a measured, and focused response toward terrorism. As far as the result of the same is concerned, if airfields and destroyed hangars are victory, they are welcome to enjoy it. Reading and rereading the same laundry list of false allegations against my country will not absolve Pakistani representatives of the promises that they have made to their people and which they have no intention to keep. I thank you, Madam Chair.


6th Committee · Chair [2:48:28]:

I thank the distinguished representative of India. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Pakistan in exercise of right of reply, second intervention. Thank you.


Pakistan [2:48:42]:

Thank you, Madam Chair. I have to take the floor again to respond to falsehood and lies peddled by the Indian delegate. We reject these baseless assertions. India's duplicity and hypocrisy is crystal clear. It sponsors, finances and abets terrorist organizations to attack Pakistani citizens in the same way as it targets political dissidents worldwide in other countries. It tries to weaponize natural resources like water against Pakistan. We can understand India's sense of guilt and culpability when the UN member states express commitment to respect international law, human rights, and call for putting an end to the last vestiges of colonialism as is happening in the occupied territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It is laughable and comical to listen lectures on rule of law and respect of human rights and minorities from a country which is denying fundamental human rights to its own people, to its own minorities, where courts have become a handmaiden to the hate-spewing Hindutva ideology of BJP, and where senior BJP leaders and government ministers openly threaten Muslims and other minorities. Instead of battling rising as Pakistan and targeting its minorities, India is advised to fulfill its international obligations by restoring the dignity and respect of its minorities and pursue a path of dialogue and reconciliation both at home and in its international engagements. If India continues its habit of aggression and violation of international law, Pakistan will defend itself as gallantly and as successfully as we did last year in May when Pakistan armed forces downed six Indian planes. Thank you very much.


6th Committee · Chair [2:50:44]:

I thank the distinguished representative of Pakistan. Distinguished delegates, we have thus concluded our debate on agenda item 84, the rule of law at the national and international levels. Please be informed that the Deputy Secretary-General will address the Sixth Committee on this agenda item at a meeting on Wednesday, 21 October 2026, at 3:00 p.m. I wish to inform you that the draft resolution for this agenda item will be coordinated this year by Ms. Marion Krapert of Liechtenstein and Mr. Alfredo Uriel Perez Manriquez of Mexico. As agreed at our first meeting, we will provide the coordinators assigned to each agenda item the opportunity to take the floor to give a brief indication of their plans and, if possible, to already introduce the initial draft of their proposals for draft resolutions, where applicable. As such, I would ask Ms. Marion Kriepel of Liechtenstein to take the floor on this agenda item. I thank you.


Liechtenstein · Co-coordinator [2:52:00]:

Thank you, Madam Chair and dear colleagues. I have the honor to co-facilitate the discussions this year, zero draft resolution under the item, the rule of law at the national and international levels, together with the coordinator, Mr. Uriel Perez from Mexico. The zero draft contains necessary technical updates to last year's resolution, A/RES/80/167. and reflects the 80th anniversary of the International Court of Justice, as well as the 20th anniversary of the inclusion of the rule of law item in the agenda of the General Assembly. The zero draft will be circulated after this meeting, and we would like to invite delegations to provide any comments and proposals on the zero draft in writing to us by Thursday, 15 October, end of the day. The proposal, if any, will be circulated to delegations for review and consideration. The first informal consultations will be held on Monday, 12th of October, from 1:15pm to 2:00pm in the Trusteeship Council Chamber. On behalf of Mexico and my delegation, we look forward to the discussions on the draft resolution.

I thank you.


6th Committee · Chair [2:53:14]:

I thank the distinguished representative of Liechtenstein and the co-facilitator, co-coordinator for this resolution. Distinguished delegates, the Sixth Committee will commence its debate on agenda item 75, criminal accountability of United Nations officials and experts on mission, at our next meeting to be held at 3:00 p.m. this afternoon. After which, time permitting, we will commence our debate on agenda item 79, United Nations Conference of Plenipotentiaries on Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Humanity. Before we adjourn, there's an announcement that I have to give you. Delegations are reminded that As was decided at the first meeting of the committee, the deadline to inscribe for the debate on the agenda items to be considered by the plenary next week is today at 5:00 p.m. Those items are agenda item 88, United Nations Conference of Plenipotentiaries on Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters; agenda item 85, the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction. Agenda item 81, status of the protocols additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and relating to the protection of victims of armed conflicts. Agenda item 178, observer status for the Parliamentary Assembly of La Francophonie in General Assembly. And agenda item 83, Report of the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization. I thank you, and the meeting is adjourned. Thank you.