34th Meeting - 60th Session of Human Rights Council

Good afternoon, excellencies, distinguished participants. I hereby declare open the 34th meeting, 60th session of the Human Rights Council. We will continue with the general debate under agenda item seven, and with the list of national human rights institutions and the non-governmental organizations. So now I invite-- now we have an intervention by video. with a joint statement from the American Association of Jurists.

We have witnessed the indiscriminate attacks by Israel against the civilian population in Gaza, the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, attacks on Palestinian refugees, forced displacement, destruction of hospitals and schools, barriers to humanitarian assistance, lack of food, water, medicine, and death in Gaza. Over 65,000 have We note the impunity and lack of accountability by Israel and the United States, their disregard of the rulings of the International Court of Justice, and attacking Special Rapporteur Albanese. We are concerned about the criminalization by Israel and the United States of Palestinians NGOs providing information to the International Criminal Court. The United States government must stop its military and financial support of Israel. The nature of the attacks in Gaza, bombardments of residential neighborhoods, and starvation of civilians is genocide according to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. You must protect the right to self-determination of the Palestinian people. We request the Council to demand an immediate, unconditional, and permanent ceasefire in Gaza and lifting of all restrictions of humanitarian aid. Thank you. for your attention.

Now I invite for a joint statement the representative of the International Organization for the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, please.

Thank you. What's happening in Gaza is neither a conflict nor complicated. It is a genocide, and the world is watching it in real time. The injustice Palestinians face did not start two years, but 78 years ago. What's the point of recognizing a state that's soon to be gone, while military support continues to fuel the occupation? It is shameful that those providing Israel with cover to weapons and words are seated among us today. How many red lines must be crossed before plain truth is spoken and effective measures are taken? And to the governments that proclaim "never again" as a moral compass, that pledge must apply to all, or just empty words. Children are starving, families are burning, hospitals are rubble, yet we debate, we hesitate, we justify. Recognition without action is theater. What matters is protection, accountability now. We therefore urge this Council and all Member States to: Enforce ICJ measures, halt military operations, stop arms, fuel, military transfers enabling violations, facilitate large-scale humanitarian aid, support investigation and hold perpetrators accountable, sanction those complicit in these atrocities. Palestine is not waiting to be validated. Its people exist and insist on their freedom. Our role is not only to applaud late recognition, it is to stop the killing and uphold the law. Too often the world acts only after it's too late. Act while there are still lives remain to be saved. Thank you.

I thank you. Now we have an intervention by video from Amnesty International.

Mr. President, in December 2024, Amnesty International concluded that Israel has committed acts prohibited under the Genocide Convention with intent to destroy Palestinians in Gaza. These acts include killing, causing serious physical and mental harm, and inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring about the group's physical destruction in whole or in part. Today, Israeli forces continue this genocide through a relentless assault on Gaza City. For nearly two years, Israel has repeatedly displaced thousands of Palestinians, destroyed vital infrastructure, and enforced an unlawful blockade causing unimaginable suffering. Pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, and older women facing impossible choices, feeding their starving children or themselves. The deadly mix of hunger and disease Israel has created is not collateral damage. It is a result of deliberate policies. States must act now to bring Israel's genocide to an end. They must implement the International Court of Justice provisional measures to end Israel's unlawful blockade, reach a sustained ceasefire, and stop the offensive on Gaza City. All states must immediately impose a comprehensive arms embargo on Israel and support the International Criminal Court by blocking and mitigating U.S. sanctions and enforcing arrest warrants. Time is running out, not only for Palestinians, but for our shared humanity. Thank you, Mr. President.

Now I invite the representative of Human Rights Watch.

Thank you, Vice-President. Today, Israeli authorities are escalating their assault on Gaza City, where the world's foremost experts on food insecurity in August declared a famine caused by Israel's mass starvation strategy. The rigorous Commission of Inquiry report underscores the growing consensus around the ongoing atrocity in Israel's genocidal campaign in Gaza. Israel's actions in Gaza should have long ago triggered the duty to prevent under the Genocide Convention. But as we pass the deadline for Israel to comply with the 2024 International Court of Justice opinion, which Israel has failed to comply with, governments across the globe have failed to act decisively, effectively giving Israel the green light to proceed with announced plans to demolish what remains of Gaza's civilian infrastructure and to further displace Palestinians. Some states have recently recognized the state of Palestine, but it risks being an empty gesture if states continue to allow trade with illegal Israeli settlements and fail to prevent the extermination and ethnic cleansing of Palestinians. States should urgently impose an arms embargo on Israel and targeted sanctions on Israeli officials responsible for ongoing grave abuses, suspend preferential trade agreements with Israel, and condemn US sanctions against ICC officials, the Special Rapporteur, and Palestinian human rights groups. States should also use the UN database of businesses facilitating Israeli settlements in the OPT to prevent businesses located in their countries from contributing to grave violations of Palestinian rights. States have all the tools they need. Now is the time to act. Thank you.

Thank you. Now we have an intervention by video for a joint statement from Al-Haq Law in Service of Men.

President, no meaningful discussion on the human rights situation in Palestine can take place without recognition of the fact that the Palestinian people's inalienable right to self-determination is a prerequisite for the full realization of all other human rights guaranteed to all peoples under international law. As a direct result of Israel's genocidal settler colonial apartheid regime, protracted unlawful occupation, and annexation of large swathes of Palestine's territory, the Palestinian people's right to self-determination, a foundational principle of international law with jus cogens status, has been systematically obstructed. The Palestinian people have been systematically fragmented and denied their right of return, as Israel entrenches its illegal presence and control of the Palestinian people on both sides of the Green Line in a continuing Nakba. The denial of this absolute right has had far-reaching consequences, stripping the Palestinian people of autonomy and ability to govern their own affairs, and control their resources and establish institutions that reflect and protect their collective identity and aspirations. This not only violates their social, civil, and political rights, but also undermines access to essential services such as education, healthcare, and housing, all cornerstones of human dignity. Without the ability to freely determine their political status and pursue economic, social, and cultural development, the enjoyment of all other human rights is effectively unattainable, and instead, structural inequality, racial domination, apartheid, and oppression persists. The realization of the Palestinian people's right to self-determination is critical in enabling the Palestinian people to freely pursue a future of their own making, emancipated from an Israeli system designed to ensure their erasure.

Now I invite the representative of Center for Global Non-Killing.

Dear human beings, Mr. Vice President, dear populations, everyone everywhere, in the name of the right to life, to construct peace, we need to deconstruct violence. When both so-called aggressor and defender are acting in atrocious manner, distinguishing between them or siding with any of them is vain and cautioning violence. Constructing peace is not a matter of leadership, or not only. Peace needs value enhancement, universal education. To support peace and peaceful institutions, we need the people, all the people. Establishing peace requires comprehensive infrastructures, manned by peace-oriented persons, equipped with effective and preventive policies, with universal peaceful settlement of disputes mechanisms. When a violent or armed conflict arises, prevention was lost by the people, by their leaders, and by their institutions. To conclude, we recall that the right to life and to a good life, the non-killing principle, are universal. We wish to all the people, to all the people of both Palestine and Israel, the wisdom, the heartfulness, The calm and refrained, the nonviolent force needed to overcome their difficulties, to bring peace to themselves and therefore some to the rest of the world. There is a right to life and there is a right to peace. Thank you, Mr. Vice President.

I thank you. Now I invite the representative of United Nations Watch.

Mr. Chair, we meet today under the Council's only agenda item targeting a specific country, Israel. No other country in the world, not even the dictatorships nor the state sponsors of terror that just took the floor, has its own agenda item. Only Israel. And as we just heard, they do not speak of peace. They come only to scapegoat and demonize the Jewish state. That is why, when this item was created, even the UN Secretary-General denounced it. On June 20, 2007, Ban Ki-moon said he was disappointed at the Council's decision to single out Israel, given, as he put it, the range and scope of human rights violations throughout the world. Indeed, if this Council truly cares about universal rights, why is there no agenda item on China, which denies basic human rights to 1.5 billion of its own people? Why no item on the Islamic Republic in Iran, which beats women for showing their hair, Why none on Syria, where half a million were slaughtered? Why none on North Korea, which runs political prison camps and starves its own people? Why none on Russia, which poisons dissidents and bombs innocents in Ukraine? Why none on the Cuban police state, which holds 1,000 political prisoners? Distinguished delegates, this agenda item--

Please hold on. Hold on, please. There is a point of order. Please, I invite the representative of Cuba.

Thank you very much, Vice President. I take the floor on a point of order regarding the reference to the General Assembly. The provisions of resolution 96/31 of ECOSOC regarding participation of NGOs in the United Nations system should be respected in the Human Rights Council. It is not admissible to hear such conduct or disrespectful language from any of the participating speakers, which hinders the functioning of this Council. The speaker must adhere to language which corresponds response to the item under discussion. Thank you.

So before giving you back the floor, it is my duty to call on everyone to adhere to language that is commensurate with the dignity inherent to this discussion on human rights issues. I count on your support in ensuring that a sense of respect permeates our discussion. Everyone has the right to express his or her views, but this should remain within the accepted framework. Tolerance and respect should be key words of the work of this Human Rights Council. With this in mind, I give you back the floor, please.

Mr. Chair, we heard Cuba, but if the UN Secretary-General could invoke abuses worldwide to criticize this agenda item, surely I may do the same. Now, this agenda item does not advance peace. The UN was founded on universal standards. When applied so selectively, turned into weapons of discrimination, they cease to become standards at all. I thank you.

I thank you. And now we have an intervention by video from Coordinating Board of Jewish Organizations.

50 years ago, the UN reached its lowest point when the General Assembly voted to single out the Jewish people's independence movement for tarring as racist. Though that infamous resolution was later revoked, the 2001 Durban Conference on Racism was again derailed by shocking anti-Zionism and anti-Semitism. Today we are forced to deplore yet a new destructive low as some cynically push an unsurpassed falsehood that Israel is committing genocide. Israel, the Middle East's only pluralistic democracy. Israel, a country that has been targeted openly for extermination by genocidal forces. Israel, which has done more to facilitate aid to an adversary's population than any party to war ever. Israel, which despite its military strength and the human shield tactics of its enemies, has killed fewer Arabs in nearly years than Iranian and Arab forces repeatedly have in eight. Mr. President, 2025 marks another anniversary. 20 years ago, a right-leaning Israeli prime minister completely pulled his country out of Gaza, including every soldier and settlement. His predecessor and successor offered Palestinians statehood and nearly all the territory they demand. But Palestinian leaders and terrorists backed by Iran seeking nuclear weapons yet again torpedoed peace. Decades of defaming Israel and echoing extremist claims have not helped helped Palestinians. Rewarding Palestinian terrorism now will not incentivize progress or finally release Hamas's hostages. Thank you.

Now we have another intervention by video from the Palestinian Initiative for the Promotion of Global Dialogue and Democracy.

President, this Council meets once again as Israel's ongoing genocide devastates the Gaza Strip. Palestinian women face intersecting forms of violence that cannot be viewed in isolation. Starvation, sexual and gender-based violence, and reproductive violence converge as mutually reinforcing crimes. These attacks target not only individual bodies, but the very social fabric of Palestinian society, eroding survival, continuity, and dignity. In the occupied West Bank, Israel and its state-backed settlers continue annexing land while sealing off Palestinian villages and towns with over 900 gates and checkpoints. Just last week, Israel closed the West Bank's only border crossing for days, trapping Palestinians not only within their own cities, but within their own homeland. Instead of taking concrete measures to end Israel's genocide and decades of military occupation, many states limit their response to symbolic recognition of a Palestinian state. While such recognition is welcome, absent of real accountability, it risks becoming a substitute for action, allowing states to evade their legal and moral responsibilities to impose sanctions, arms embargoes, or accountability mechanisms against Israel. We therefore urge States to act with courage, to end Israel's impunity, to center the Palestinian people's right of return, freedom, and dignity, and above all, to demand an immediate end to the genocide. Thank you.

Now we have another intervention by video from Minority Rights Group.

President. What is happening in Palestine is not only the destruction of life, but the destruction of memory. Palestine's minorities are not spared. Gaza's Christian community, once 2,000 strong, is now only a few hundreds. St. Porphyrius Church, a place of sanctuary, was struck, killing civilians within its sacred walls. In the West Bank, settler violence has reached record highs. Children are attacked on their way to school, olive groves burned, infrastructure destroyed. Bedouin families face repeated demolitions, their homes, water tanks, and schools erased. Mr. President, what we are witnessing is more than physical destruction. It is the attempt to erase the memory of a rich and diverse community. When schools, libraries, churches, mosques, and olive groves are destroyed, it is not only the present that is attacked, it is the continuity of history itself. And when memory is erased, a community dies twice. This is not accidental, it is systematic. The question before us is stark. Will we act to preserve Palestine and its memory, or will we stand by and through inaction become participants in its erasure.

Okay, now we have another intervention by video from the Partners for Transparency.

Mr. President, we are concerned by the disinformation campaign conducted by Israel against the and the attacks against the Palestinian peoples. There is collective punishment and destruction of the infrastructure, and this demonstrates that the crime of genocide and the crimes against humanities are being committed. There are 12 million posts on social media And this is part of the disinformation campaign. The aim is to depict Palestinian civilians as terrorists in order to cover up the humanitarian harm. There are thousands of women and children who have suffered. There is, in addition, a campaign to question the credibility of humanitarian organizations as well as journalists, which constitutes an attempt to remove witnesses. The international community should put an end to this disinformation campaign, and efforts must be stepped up in order to ensure that the truth is clear and that there is accountability in relation to the crimes against the Palestinian people. Thank you.

Now I invite the representative of Associazione Comunita Papa Giovanni Ventresimo.

We potently assist at the catastrophic situation unfolding in Gaza. The acts we are witnessing amount to xenocide under the Xenocide Convention, as the Special Rapporteur on OPTs and the Independent International Commission of Inquiry have affirmed in their well-documented reports. The ongoing blockade, the obstruction of humanitarian aid, starvation and access to water, use as weapons, and preventable deaths of children and other civilians exemplify such conditions. International human rights and humanitarian law, even the rules of war, have been totally disregarded. Accountability remains absent and impunity prevails. All this is happening under the silence and complicity of too many governments. The Human Rights Council and all member states must start with urgency. We call for an immediate and conditional ceasefire, access for humanitarian aid in Gaza, the prompt and conditional recognition of the state of Palestine, Hamas to release all hostages, Israel to stop illegal occupation in the West Bank. States should hold all trade agreements involving Israel companies in the OPTs and the selling of weapons, full support of the international ICJ and the ICC investigations, the establishment of credible international accountability mechanism. Moreover, we urge the Council to condemn and act against US sanction targeting Ms. Francesca Albanese and some members of the ICC court. Such measures undermine their dependence and obstruct accountability efforts. Thank you.

Thank you. Now we have an intervention by video from, uh, Badil Resource Center for Palestinian Residency and Refugee Rights.

President, we have witnessed two years of unabated Israeli genocide, confirmed by UN special procedures and others. By failing to impose sanctions, their minimum obligation, states have enabled the Israeli regime in its genocide and multiple international crimes. By supplying weapons and parts, states are also complicit in genocide. By defunding UNRWA, failing to confront the banning of its operations and to protect its employees and premises, allowing the continuation of the Gaza Humanitarian Foundation, and failing to ensure the delivery of aid, states are complicit in the weaponization of aid, famine, forced displacement, and genocide. The obligation to prevent and stop genocide is binding on all states, individually and collectively. The obligation cannot be replaced by recognition or declarations. nor can it be excused by lack of consensus or majority. Imposing sanctions does not require the approval of the UN Security Council, nor a provision by the International Court of Justice. The imposition of political, economic, and military sanctions is not a hostile act, but the legal responsibility of each and every state and the most effective measure to stop Israeli genocide and international crimes. Thank you.

Okay. That was the last speaker we are able to accommodate during this session. With this, we have concluded the general debate under agenda item 7. Now, Excellencies, distinguished colleagues, I understand that a certain delegation has requested to exercise the right of reply in relation to statements made under agenda item 7. So I have the, I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Cuba. Sir, you have three minutes.

Thank you, Vice President. Our delegation will exercise its right to reply to respond to the false comments regarding our country's, our country made by UN Watch. UN Watch is claiming to pass off as a legitimate NGO before this Council, but it's not tricking anybody. We all are perfectly well aware that this is a lobby group of the Israeli regime, poorly disguised as an NGO. UN Watch has no interest in contributing to the cause of human rights. Its only goal is to defend and support the criminal Zionist practices and attacking Although those like Cuba who seek to defend the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people is wasting the time of this organization if it believes that by attacking Cuba it will manage to silence our firm voice speaking out in solidarity and in support with Palestine. UN Watch is using its presence in the Council to wage its shameful agenda of harassment, its public support for the barbarity committed against the Palestinian people. Its claims of justifying the illegal occupation and its refusal to acknowledge the suffering of millions of human beings mean that it is a direct accomplice with the genocide underway. This organization is a shame, brings shame upon the international community. And I conclude by repeating Cuba's support for civil society in general for their tireless work for the promotion and protection of human rights across the planet. Thank you.

I thank you. So are there any other delegations wishing to exercise the right of reply? As I see none, With this last intervention, we have concluded the consideration of agenda item 7. And now I declare open agenda item 8, entitled "Follow-up and implementation of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action." We will now begin the general debate under agenda item 8. And let me remind you that requests for a right of reply will be accommodated exclusively at the end of the general debate. I would like also to remind all speakers to comply with the allocated speaking time, which is one minute and a half for all. As is the practice, full statements can be uploaded on the Extranet. The list of speakers will close in 15 minutes. And now we'll start with the list of speakers, the members of the Council. So I give the floor to His Excellency, Mr. Mugianto Mugianto, Vice Minister for Human Rights of Indonesia. Sir, you have the floor.

Mr. Vice President, for Indonesia, the VDPA has long served as strong foundation for advancing human rights. Its principles are embedded in our national priorities, including the President's vision, Asta Cita, the National Development Plan, and the National Action Plan on Human Rights. Last year, President Prabowo established the Ministry of Human Rights, tasked with strengthening the state's responsibility to promote and protect the rights of all. We are committed to ensure that human rights remain central to national policy. Working with ministries, agencies, local government, NGOs, and private sectors, the ministry is also committed to fulfilling Indonesia's international obligation. We also recall VDPA's emphasis on the rights of women, children, minorities, and persons with disabilities. Indonesia advances this through the implementation of the law on the crime of sexual violence, the law on maternal and child welfare, the law on persons with disabilities, and inclusive public policies. Finally, Indonesia remains firmly committed to the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action. integrating it into democratic progress, poverty reduction, and inclusive development. We stand ready to work in partnership with all to ensure the full realization of universal human rights for everyone, everywhere. Thank you, Mr. President.

I thank His Excellency. Now I invite the representative of Ukraine to speak on behalf of a group of countries, please.

This statement is delivered on behalf of 45 states. We recall the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, stressing the need to protect human rights under occupation and uphold international law. These principles were reaffirmed at the Fifth International Crimea Platform Summit on 24 September 2025 in New York. We reiterate support for Ukraine's sovereignty, independence, unity, and territorial integrity within internationally recognized borders, including territorial waters, violated by Russia's war of aggression. No territorial acquisition by force shall be recognized. We condemn Russia's aggression against Ukraine and the use of Crimea for subsequent attempted annexation of the Kherson, Zaporizhzhia, Donetsk, and Luhansk oblast. We denounce widespread and systematic violations of human rights law and international humanitarian law perpetrated by Russian occupying authorities against residents of temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine, encompassing enforced disappearances, forcible transfers and deportations, arbitrary detentions, torture and sexual violence, forced conscription, filtering and discrimination against Ukrainians, the indigenous people, and persons of other ethnic and religious group. We demand full withdrawal of Russia's military forces from Ukraine and cessation of hostilities. We support efforts for a just and lasting peace based on the UN Charter, stressing that ending Russian aggression is essential for restoring Ukrainian integrity, safeguarding international law, and ensuring global security. I thank you.

Thank you, Ambassador. Now I invite the representative of the European Union to speak on behalf of a group of countries.

Mr. Vice President, I have the honor to speak on behalf of the European Union, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Albania, Ukraine, the Republic of Moldova and Liechtenstein align themselves with this statement. As we mark 80 years of the United Nations, we reaffirm the enduring relevance of the Vienna Declaration and Program of Action. The UN80 Initiative offers an opportunity to strengthen the human rights pillar, making it more effective, efficient, and resilient. We support improved coordination within the human rights system to enhance impact and reduce fragmentation. HRC, treaty bodies and special procedures all play vital roles. Greater alignment of their timelines, processes and outputs can help reduce duplication and foster coherence. Civil society voices are indispensable for accountability, inclusivity and credibility of the human rights system. Their meaningful participation must be safeguarded. Efficiency should be achieved through thoughtful reform. We support the rationalization of overlapping mandates and resolutions, simplification of reporting, and the use of digital tools. Adequate, predictable financing for the structurally underfunded human rights pillar remains essential. Efficiency must serve the purpose of strengthening the UN's ability to deliver on its human rights mandate. We must all play our part. The EU stands ready to engage in shaping a human rights system that is fit for purpose and capable of delivering for all. I thank you.

Thank you, Ambassador. Now I invite the representative of Pakistan to speak on behalf of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation.

Mr. Vice President, the OIC group affirms its commitment to the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, which signifies our collective aspirations to promote universal respect for human rights and dignity of all, without any distinction. But the VDPA's promises of universality, indivisibility, and interdependence are at risk. Mr. Vice President, the VDPA correctly recognized that the denial of the right to self-determination as the root of gross human rights violations. It therefore recognized the right of peoples under foreign occupation to take legitimate action in exercise of this inalienable right. The unspeakable horror in illegally occupied Palestine marks the erosion not only of the Vienna spirit, but of the collective edifice of international law. Continued impunity for the occupying power's crimes will only invite further excesses. Rising religious hatred, including Islamophobia, merit this Council's continued attention. The weaponization of hatred for electoral gains is being amplified by social media and emerging technologies and must be responded to consistent with states' obligations under international human rights law. Mr. Vice President, lastly, multifaceted global crises are impeding states' abilities to fulfill human rights obligations. Renewed commitment to effective international cooperation and support remains essential. The early adoption of the draft covenant on the right to development could decisively restore momentum to the international human rights agenda. I thank you.

I thank you. Now I invite the representative of Algeria to speak on behalf of the Group of Arab States.

Thank you very much, Vice-President. The Arab Group reiterates its attachment to and commitment to the Vienna Declaration and Plan of Action, which recalls that respect for human rights is the responsibility of States and that they are, this is indivisible, mutually reinforcing and non-selective. It is therefore vital that economic, social, cultural rights be bolstered, including the right to development. The Arab Group reiterates this position, which is underpinned by the need to adopt development policies and fair, global, inclusive policies enabling results to be achieved on the development agenda. The Palestinian people are suffering under the occupation, and these rights are swept aside by the occupying force. Their right to development is therefore hindered, and this right is enshrined in the Vienna Declaration and Plan of Action. And this is the case for a number of countries that are under occupation. This requires that the international community redouble efforts to reaffirm the right of the Palestinian people to development and to exercise the right of self-determination and to refer the responsibility back to the shoulders of the occupying power. I thank you.

I thank you. Now I invite the representative of Venezuela to speak on behalf of a group of countries.

Thank you. President, Venezuela has the honour of taking the floor on behalf of the Group of Friends in Defence of the United Nations Charter. The Group of Friends reiterates its commitment to the implementation of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action. We attach the highest importance to the promotion and protection of all human rights, without distinction as to levels or categories, and we believe that the promotion and protection thereof are strengthened on the basis of dialogue and cooperation in line with the principles and purposes of the United Nations Charter. We reject the double standards and manipulation of human rights for political purposes and interfering purposes against particular countries. We reiterate the vital, urgent need to cease actions which negatively affect the promotion and enjoyment of human rights. Therefore, we request States to abstain from imposing upon people unlawful unilateral coercive measures. We ask States to also refrain from including countries on the unilateral list of States which allegedly sponsor terrorism and to abstain from using force or the use of threat or use of force against sovereign States. The Group of Friends reiterates its conviction that there is no other option than dialogue, cooperation, commitment and national ownership of all processes which seek to strengthen human rights. Thank you.

Thank you, Ambassador. Now I invite the representative of Uganda to speak on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement.

Thank you, Vice President. The NAM reaffirms the importance of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action to remain an important reference in guiding our collective efforts to protect and promote human rights. We recall the solemn commitment of all states made under the VDPA on fulfillment of their obligations to promote universal respect for all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, other instruments relating to human rights, and other international organs. The NAM re- echoes the recommendations of the VDPA and based on the final outcome document of the NAM that we adopted in Kampala, encourages states to adopt national action plans to improve the promotion and protection of human rights for all. We also note with concern that global human rights challenges, including the ongoing and protracted conflicts, terrorism, UCMs, inequality, poverty, and racial discrimination and other forms of discrimination indeed are still on the rise around the world. Despite being unanimously recognized as a separate human right in the VDPA by all states, we see highly divisive international discourse and attempts to misinterpret the concept on the right to development, including for taking advantage of the structural inequalities emerging on global economic markets. The Nam Draft stresses the need to reinvigorate the implementation of the right to development as an inalienable human right. Vice President, we believe that to effectively implement the VDPA, the international community should redouble its efforts to resolve longstanding international conflicts and disputes and address related human rights and humanitarian crises around the world. We remain committed to the VDPA. I thank you.

I thank you. Now I invite the representative of Costa Rica to speak on behalf of a group of countries.

Mr. Vice President, I deliver this joint statement on behalf of a cross-regional group of countries. Under the VDPA, States have an obligation to create and maintain adequate measures at the national level, in particular in the fields of education, health and social support, for the promotion and protection of the rights of persons in vulnerable sectors of their populations. Millions of persons globally live in criminal justice detention. The vast majority will rejoin society. Upon re-entry, they often face discrimination, stigmatisation and limited access to public services and support systems. These persons constitute a vulnerable sector under the VDPA, and the challenges they cope with hinder successful reintegration and prevent the full enjoyment of human rights. We thank the Office of the High Commissioner for preparing their study on social reintegration, in which they express that a human rights-based approach is central to the effectiveness of social reintegration programs. The report recognizes there is a need for guidance on the implementation of social reintegration with a human rights-based approach, and we therefore reaffirm its call on international human rights mechanisms to strengthen their work and cooperation on this issue. Persons impacted by the criminal justice systems have paid their debt to society. Supporting their reintegration through a human rights-based approach, addressing structural barriers, and ensuring dignity, equality, and access of opportunities will reduce recidivism, encourage sustainable development, and protect human rights and society. Thank you.

Thank you. Now I invite representative of Ethiopia.

Mr. Vice President, Ethiopia reaffirms its unwavering commitment to the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, which remain a cornerstone of our collective effort to promote, protect human rights globally. The VDPS principle, universality, indivisibility, and interdependence of human rights are central to Ethiopia's human rights approach. We firmly uphold that human rights are universal and inalienable and must be respected for all individuals regardless of nationality, ethnicity, and or background. Ethiopia continues to prioritize the protection and promotion of human rights in line with our international obligations. We underscore the importance of effective follow-up mechanisms to ensure full implementation of DPS commitment, and we support ongoing review process to identify areas needing additional support and capacity buildings are required. Ethiopia has been meaningful progress in expanding democratic space, promoting gender equality, and protecting vulnerable groups, including women, children, and persons with disability. We emphasize the importance of inclusive needs-based capacity building and call for enhanced international cooperation based on mutual respect and solidarity. In conclusion, Ethiopia affirms its commitment to the principles of VDPA and remains dedicated to its full implementation. Thank you.

Thank you. Now I invite the representative of China.

In the international context of intertwined changes and turbulences and the challenges to multilateralism, how to implement the goals of the VDPA and deepen international cooperation on human rights has become an urgent issue. China believes that, first, uphold multilateralism and firmly support the international mechanism as the UN at its core. We should uphold joint consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits. The governance system should be built collectively and its outcome shared by all. Second, put people first and promote common development to enhance the sense of gaining. among all peoples. We should better address common challenges facing humanity to enhance the sense of security and better advance the common interests of different countries and groups to enhance their sense of happiness. Third, advance all categories of human rights in a balanced manner. As VDPA emphasizes the equal importance of all types of human rights, we must promote and protect all human rights, including the RTD in a fair equal and comprehensive way, China is ready to work with all parties to inject new momentum into the full implementation of the VDBA and promote continuous progress in the implementation of the human rights cause. Thank you.

Thank you. So now the list of speakers is closed. And I now invite the representative of South Africa.

South Africa aligns itself with the statement delivered by Uganda on behalf of the NAM group and reaffirms our deep commitment to the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action. This declaration is not just history. It is the cornerstone of our shared human rights system. It reminds us that rights are universal, indivisible, and interdependent. For South Africa, these principles are lived truth. Our journey from oppression to democracy is proof that respect for human rights is the foundation of freedom. As Nelson Mandela taught us, to deny people their rights is to deny their humanity. Yet today, we confront new threats, deepening inequality, climate injustice, digital exclusion, and a dangerous erosion of multilateralism. These challenges demand more, not less, commitment to the spirit of Vienna. Mr. Vice President, implement capacity building, and respect for national ownership. We call for a stronger Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, one that amplifies the voices of the priorities of the Global South. We stress Civil society is not a threat to sovereignty, but an essential partner in advancing human dignity. Acts of intimidation and reprisals against human rights defenders cannot be tolerated. This Council must act decisively to protect them. Mr. Vice President, the Vienna Declaration must not become a relic. Let it remain a living instrument that inspires collective action towards justice, equality, and dignity for all. I thank you.

I thank you. Now I invite the representative of Albania.

Thank you, Mr. Vice-President. The Vienna Declaration is a key document that reminds us of our shared responsibility to protect and promote human rights. Albania remains strongly committed to its principles and continues to work towards their full implementation. Since the adoption of the Declaration, my country has made important progress. We have carried out major reforms to strengthen our democratic institutions and improve the rule of law. Justice reform is one of the most important reform. Our justice system has been restructured to ensure independence, transparency, and accountability. Albania has adopted a national strategy of gender equality, has improved services for victims of domestic violence. Many actions have been taken to prevent gender-based violence. We continue to promote the rights of women, children, minorities, and people with disabilities. All these reforms and actions are also part of our path towards EU membership. Mr. Vice President, despite our progress, we still face challenges. Ensuring equal access to justice, fighting discrimination, protecting freedom of expression remains ongoing priorities. We also recognize the need to strengthen cooperation with civil society and to improve human rights education, especially for young people. Albania will continue to work with international partners to fully implement the Vienna Declaration. I thank you.

I thank you. Now I invite the representative of Algeria.

Thank you, Vice President. Algeria reiterates its commitment to the full implementation of the Vienna Declaration Programme of Action, the adoption of the declaration and inclusion of this on the Council's agenda is a key sign of the international community's commitment to promotion and protection of human rights. My delegation once again recalls the indivisibility and interdependence of all human rights. More now than ever, the same importance must be attached to all human rights, including the right to development, particularly vis-a-vis LDCs and respect of the principle of non-selectivity. Mr Vice-President, guided by historic events, the Vienna Declaration rightly acknowledges that historic occupation hinders the realization of rights, including the right to development and to the realization of the inalienable right to self-development. I thank you.

Thank you, Madam. I now give the floor to the representative of Bangladesh.

Thank you, Mr. Vice-President. The VDP remains vital for strengthening global promotion and protection of human rights. It underscores the universality, indivisibility, interdependence and interrelatedness of all human rights, which are more relevant than ever in today's challenging global context, marked by armed conflicts, growing inequalities and rising intolerance. The VDPA emphasizes the importance of international cooperation, capacity building, and technical assistance in advancing human rights. We urge the international community and development partners to translate this into tangible outcomes, especially in addressing development challenges. Mr. Vice President, the VDPA reminds us that the human rights are birthright of all human beings, regardless of race, religion, ethnicity, and status. It is the duty of a state to protect its people from discrimination, suffering, and violence. Regrettably, for several decades, the Rohingya have been subjected to state-led systematic discrimination, persecution, atrocity, and other grave human rights violations. The forced displacement and the persecution of Rohingya constitute clear violation of the core tenets of the VDPA. Mr. Vice President, upholding VDP means ensuring the early and sustainable return of forcibly displaced Rohingya to Myanmar. The international community must redouble its efforts to end the persistent persecution and discrimination against Rohingya and uphold justice and accountability for them. I thank you.

Thank you. Now I invite the representative of Iceland.

Mr. Vice President, Today, as the foundations of our international system are tested and we witness an alarming global pushback against human rights and democratic values, solidarity within the international community is vital. Our shared principles must continue to guide our actions. The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action reminds us that the promotion and protection of human rights is a matter of priority for the international community. For states large and small, commitment to international law is more than principle, it is the foundation for protecting the dignity, rights, and freedoms of people everywhere. From safeguarding our environment and addressing the human rights impacts of climate change, to advancing gender equality and pursuing peace, the tasks before us demand a strengthened multilateral response anchored in a human rights-based approach and cooperation. The Human Rights Council has a central role to play in this regard by ensuring that all voices are heard and that accountability for violations is upheld. Iceland remains steadfast in its commitment to work with all partners to ensure that the United Nations continue to stand as a pillar of cooperation, justice, and hope for generations to come. I thank you.

Thank you, Ambassador. Now I invite the representative of Gambia.

Vice President. The Gambia aligns itself with the statement delivered by Uganda on behalf of the NAM Group. We reaffirm our strong commitment to the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, which remains a cornerstone for the promotion and protection of all human rights. At a time when armed conflicts, climate change, discrimination against migrants, and economic inequalities continue to exacerbate human rights violations across the Group, We reiterate the VDP's affirmation that the international community must treat human rights globally in a fair and equal manner on the same footing and with the same emphasis, including the right to development. The VDP recognizes equality and non-discrimination as central to human dignity. In today's context, this requires us to intensify efforts to combat racism, xenophobia, and religious intolerance, while ensuring the full participation of women, youth, minorities, older persons, and other vulnerable groups in shaping decisions affecting them in their societies. Mr. Vice President. We believe that the full and effective implementation of the VDP requires genuine multilateralism, international solidarity, and accountability for violations of international human rights and humanitarian law instruments. We call on the United Nations to provide necessary budgetary resources to the OHCHR to ensure that the vision of Vienna, where all rights are respected equally and without distinction, is fully realized. Thank you very much.

Thank you. Now I invite the representative of Maldives.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. The Maldives reiterates the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action's central premise that all human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent, and interrelated. The Maldives remains committed to the mandate of the High Commissioner and comments the important role of the OHCHR in promoting and protecting human rights worldwide through advocacy, monitoring, and concrete action. Mr. Vice President, as a small island developing state acutely vulnerable to climate impacts, we face severe threats from sea level rise, extreme weather events, and biodiversity loss that endanger lives, livelihoods, and hinder our sustainable development. In this regard, at the national level, we are implementing efforts through our Energy Roadmap 2024-2033, which targets 33% of electricity from renewables by 2028, to build a more resilient, inclusive, prosperous future for our nation and protect the pristine beauty of our islands for generations to come. Through our leadership in advancing right to clean, healthy and sustainable environment, we affirm our unwavering commitment to environmental protection and climate resilience. We remain committed to turning the principles of VDPA into practice at home and through our constructive engagement in Geneva, including our support for vital work of OHSR. I thank you.

I thank you. Now I invite the representative of Cuba.

Thank you, Vice President. The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action calls upon states to refrain from adopting unilateral coercive measures which run counter to international law and the United Nations Charter. However, sanctioning countries continue to ignore that obligation. promoting very many UNGA resolutions and those in the Council as well. There are increasingly severe measures being imposed against developing countries with a view to undermining their sovereignly elected social and political systems. The economic and financial blockade imposed by the US against Cuba is ongoing and is being exacerbated to unforeseen levels. In the last year, we saw over $7 billion of losses, which is an increase of 49% compared to the previous year. if the blockade had not existed, Cuba's GDP would have grown by 9.2% in 2024. As many representatives of special procedures have said, the embargo flagrantly and systematically violates human rights in Cuba, and figures show this. Ten minutes of blockade means a significant number of prosthetics that are not made available to children with hearing disabilities. This is also affecting our national electricity system. 60 days of blockade would equate to the necessary financing for the products delivered to families across Cuba. This is a criminal and illegal blockade and must cease immediately. Thank you.

Thank you. Now I invite the representative of the Dominican Republic.

Gracias, Senor Presidente. Thank you, sir. The Dominican Republic reiterates the relevance of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, which consolidates universality, indivisibility and interdependence of all human rights. It underscored the need to strengthen national frameworks for the promotion and protection. In our country, the Inter-Institutional Commission for Human Rights, created in 2004, brings together over 37 public institutions and has a consultative committee which encompasses over 20 civil society organizations, reflecting a democratic and participatory commitment. Similarly, thanks to South-South cooperation with Paraguay, we have included and incorporated the digital tool Simored Plus. which links follow-up of international recommendations with the SDGs, confirming that national mechanisms for implementation, reporting and follow-up are strategic instruments and not just technical ones. Therefore, their strengthening is vitally important for all national human rights strategies. The Dominican Republic would call on this Council to make efforts to promote technical cooperation, peer-to-peer learning and the development of shared digital tools in line with the spirit of Vienna. Thank you.

I thank you. Now I invite the representative of Sudan.

Thank you, Vice-President. We align ourselves with statements provided by like-minded groups. The VDPA represented an important institutional progress with regards to promotion of human rights. Currently, there is a need for renewing focus on certain particular issues that have been highlighted by this referential document, like the right to development and protecting the youth, children, women, and elder persons, and persons with disability, and refugees. We need also to focus on peace, culture, and countering hate speech, and adopting peaceful approaches for settling conflicts and to combat racism on the basis of religion. We call for a comprehensive human right-based approach, taking into account cultural, social rights together with civil and political rights, while integrating human right principles with regards to reinforcing sustainable development, peace, environment, and the need to build states' capacities to promote human rights and to refrain from unilateral coercive measures which impede states' capacities to allow their people to enjoy social and political rights. And thank you.

I thank you. That was the last speaker on the list of the member states. And now we'll continue with the list of observers. The first, I invite the representative of the International Development Law Organization.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. People everywhere aspire to stability, opportunity, and dignity. The Vienna Declaration reminds us that justice and the rule of law are the foundation of human rights and development. At the International Development Law Organization, we see this every day. Where justice systems are accessible, fair, and accountable, people can claim their rights, governments can deliver on their promises, and societies prosper. We work with states, civil society, and communities to strengthen institutions, empower justice seekers, and make laws work for people. Yet, justice remains one of the most underfunded areas of development finance. It receives less than 2% of official development assistance. at the same time as 5 billion people worldwide face unmet justice needs. We are financing the symptoms of instability, but not the cure. This gap is most dangerous now as conflicts reach record levels and institutions struggle to respond. The Vienna Declaration's call to strengthen justice is not just a principle, it's a lifeline for peace and prosperity. IDLO calls on states to close the justice funding gap and ensure their development efforts in the rule of law. IDLO will continue working with governments, civil society, and international partners to uphold the values of the Vienna Declaration and turn them into benefits for people. Thank you.

Thank you. Now I invite the representative of Sweden.

Mr. Vice President, the 1993 Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action reaffirmed that all human rights and fundamental freedoms are universal. We're all born free and equal in dignity and rights, regardless of gender, religion, ethnicity, disability, sexual orientation, or gender identity. It is the duty of all states to respect, protect, and fulfill that pledge. Despite that, LGBTIQ persons around the world continue to face violence, harassment, discrimination and punishment on no other basis than who they are or who they love. A global pushback on gender equality, sexual and reproductive health and rights, and LGBTIQ persons' enjoyment of human rights is threatening our joint progress on the many milestones we have achieved together. This cannot be accepted. We must continue to push for progress. When it comes to the enjoyment of human rights for all, regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity, it must be clear, we cannot and will not backtrack on the progress already made. Now is the time to stand firm and redouble our efforts in order to honor the pledge made in Vienna in 1993, equality, dignity, and the full enjoyment of human rights for all. I thank you.

Thank you, Ambassador. Now I invite the representative of Lithuania.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Lithuania aligns itself with the EU statement. Everyone should be free from fear and violence, to enjoy their human rights without discrimination. The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action affirmed that all, also regardless of disability, are born free and equal in dignity and rights, and it is the duty of states to respect and fulfil this promise. Lithuania actively pursues that persons with disabilities can fully enjoy all human rights and freedoms, meaningfully participating in all aspects of society. Global transition to community-based support services should be our common priority. Based on our own experience, we are confident that development of personal assistance-based services is necessary to ensure that persons with disabilities can live independently within their communities. Yet, major challenges remain, particularly for women and girls with disabilities. Since Russia's full-scale aggression against Ukraine, an act of aggression with devastating humanitarian consequences, more than 3 million persons with disabilities have faced disproportionate barriers to safety and essential services. As Ukraine resists and rebuilds, accessibility and inclusion should not be neglected in international system efforts. While progress is being made in many areas, significant global challenges remain and require our concerted efforts to enable enjoyment of human rights to everyone without exclusion. I thank you.

Thank you, Ambassador. Now I invite the representative of Bahrain.

Mr. President, we align ourselves with the statements made by the groups we belong to. Bahrain is committed to the international human rights instruments, including the VDPA, which is a cornerstone for human rights. Bahrain is committed to pursuing its efforts to improving the human rights system. through our updated human rights plan and the anticipation of the plan to come, which aims to strengthen civil, political and other rights. We have worked with all stakeholders through consultations in order to develop our new plan of action. Bahrain is committed to working towards implementing the VDPA and strengthening international cooperation in order to promote human rights on the basis of justice, peace and equity. Thank you.

I thank you. Now I invite the representative of the Russian Federation.

Mr. Vice President, the World Conference on Human Rights emphasizes that persons belonging to minorities have the right to practice their religion and perform religious rites publicly, freely, and without any interference or discrimination. Unfortunately, some countries disregard this fundamental principle. Since 2018, the Kyiv regime has been deliberately targeting the Ukrainian Orthodox Church through its policies, redistributing the property of the canonical church and raiding and taking over church buildings at times with the use of firearms. This is accompanied by physical violence against clergy and parishioners and criminal cases against them under far-fetched pretext, as well as the desecration of holy sites. Since 2022, the Estonian government has been increasing pressure on the Estonian Orthodox Christian Church. The government -- the parliament has approved amendments forcing the church to remove itself from the subordination to the Moscow Patriarchate. The president did not approve this initiative as it contradicts the constitution. However, Estonian deputies continue to attempt. such measures. So we call on the Council to pay close attention to such mechanisms and provide a proper assessment of such actions. Thank you.

Thank you. Now I invite the representative of Iran.

Vice President, Iran aligns with the statement of the group it belongs to. The Islamic Republic of Iran consider the VDPA as a landmark and living document. The VDPA is a leading document in paying due attention to the significance of national and regional particularities and historical, cultural, and religious backgrounds of countries in promotion and protection of human rights. while acknowledging that human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent, and interrelated. Regrettably, 32 years after approval of the VDPA, the international community is confronting many crimes, discrimination, inequality, challenges, conflicts, gaps, and failure in achieving sufficient and effective international cooperation and solidarity during global crisis. Gaza, where we observe daily vast and brutal genocide and crimes against innocent civilians, especially women and children, is good evidence for this claim. Mr. Vice President, we believe this session is the right place and the most proper time for refreshing our commitment to letter and spirit of the VTDPA, in particular, to re-strengthen international cooperation and solidarity for condemning and confronting such unfortunate events. I thank you.

I thank you. Now I invite the representative of Azerbaijan.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Azerbaijan reiterates its strong commitment to fulfilling its obligations on promotion and protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms in line with the principles of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action. In this context, since the end of the conflict in 2020, My country has embarked on large-scale restoration and reconstruction of its liberated territories, creating the conditions for former IDPs to fully enjoy their fundamental rights. Towns that once lay in ruins are now reemerging as modern, thriving settlements. Under the Greater Return program, more than 50,000 people are already living, working, and studying in these areas. Among these efforts, Baku, the cultural capital of Azerbaijan, stands as a prime example of progress and renewal. The city was also designated as the cultural capital of the Turkic world in 2018. 2023 by Turksoy and the cultural capital of the Islamic world in 2024 by Cesco. The restoration of cultural and educational institutions in Karabakh further embodies the VDPA's call to foster tolerance and understanding. In this regard, we wish to extend our gratitude to our brotherly Turkic states for their valuable contributions, which demonstrate both international solidarity and a shared commitment to the principles of the VDPA by construction of educational establishments in the liberated territories. commit to the VDPA, Azerbaijan remains steadfast in advancing peace and development by fostering regional connectivity for the benefit of all. Thank you.

Thank you. Now I invite the representative of Armenia.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Armenia reaffirms its strong commitment to the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, which remains a cornerstone for the promotion and protection of all human rights. At the national level, Armenia has strengthened the mandate of the human rights defender, advanced reforms on equality and justice, and most recently established the national mechanism for implementation, reporting, and follow-up to ensure systematic engagement with UN mechanisms and better coordination of our international obligations. These steps demonstrate Armenia's determination to transform international commitments into tangible advancements for our citizens. Nevertheless, challenges remain. Globally, we witness shrinking civic space, rising intolerance, discrimination and hate speech, and the devastating human rights consequences of conflicts. Selective approaches to human rights undermine the universality, credibility and non-discrimination principles at the heart of the VDPA. To effectively address these challenges, Armenia emphasizes the value of stronger multilateral cooperation, enhanced assistance for national human rights institutions and NMRFs, and renewed dedication to dialogue, prevention, and accountability. Armenia believes that only through truthful dialogue, cooperation, and an unwavering dedication to the VDPA, we can effectively address the complex human rights challenges of our time. Thank you.

I thank you. Now I invite the representative of Iraq.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action reiterated the need to take effective measures in order to uphold the human rights standards, especially for people under foreign occupation. This document reiterated the need to provide protection for these peoples especially when there is genocide and ethnic cleansing that occurs. And of course, all this is in line with international humanitarian law, international human rights law, and especially the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949. We call on all states to uphold their international obligations and to put an end to the genocide and famine in Gaza. This is one of the worst forms of serious violations of the rights of the Palestinian peoples. We are pleased that several States have recognized the State of Palestine, and we call on other countries to do similarly in order to ensure that the people of Palestine can enjoy their right to self-determination with East Jerusalem as its capital. Thank you.

Thank you. Now I invite the representative of Egypt. Said Nebh.

Vice President, Egypt affirms its commitment to the Vienna Declaration and Program of Action, which stipulates that all human rights are universal, independent, interrelated, indivisible. It also highlights the need to promote and protect economic, social, and cultural rights, including the right to development. We emphasize that the realization of the right to development requires effective development policies at national levels and equitable international economic relations, including through reform of the policies of international financial institutions in a manner that supports global efforts to promote the right to development and achieve SDGs. Despite the adoption of the declaration more than 30 years ago and that it stipulated in third paragraph that effective international measures to guarantee and monitor the implementation of human rights standards should be taken in respect of people under foreign occupation, and effective legal protection against violation of their human rights should be provided. We still witness the inaction of the international community in the face of the heinous crimes committed by Israeli occupation against Palestinians. and the complete denial for the rights, the continuation of Israeli genocidal war on Gaza Strip, along with the blocking of human aid access in a complete absence of accountability. In this regard, we call on the international community to assume its responsibilities to implement the objectives of the declaration. I thank you, President.

Thank you. Now I invite the representative of Pakistan.

Mr. Vice President, the VDPA encapsulated the shared global aspirations to uphold human dignity and advance all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all. The perpetuation of grave and systematic violations of human rights and UN-recognized situations of foreign occupation, however, should be a matter of deep concern for all. In illegally occupied Palestine, the unfolding catastrophic situation is a direct result of the denial of the Palestinians' right to self-determination. In the quest for peace and meeting urgent humanitarian imperatives, this inalienable cornerstone of all human rights must not be overlooked. Without accountability, we only entrench impunity. Likewise, the denial of self-determination to the people in illegally Indian-occupied Jammu and Kashmir remains a threat to peace and human rights, not only in the territory itself, but the region at large. Mr. Vice President, foreign occupation, historic injustices, intolerance and discrimination, climate change, conflict, inequalities, and technological divides all require concerted action. Each of these challenges poses far-reaching risks to human rights. Unaddressed, each can severely undermine human dignity. Together, they have the power to erode universality and indivisibility of all human rights. Pakistan remains committed to these cherished principles and stands ready to work with all to prevent this perfect storm from ever coming to pass. Thank you.

I thank you. Now, I invite the representative of Venezuela.

Thank you, President. Venezuela reiterates its commitment to the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action. Thirty-two years after the World Conference on Human Rights, peoples continue to have the same aspirations as mentioned in the preambular paragraphs of the Declaration, an international order that is based on the principles enshrined in the United Nations Charter, in particular the promotion of human rights, respect for free self-determination of peoples in conditions of peace, development and solidarity and taalia. It's worth asking us whether efforts have really been made, necessary and genuine efforts, to promote and strengthen human rights without selectivity, without double standards, without politicization. today, when we are witnesses to an ongoing genocide, the application of unilateral coercive measures which negatively impact human rights of millions of people, and we are also witnesses to a military threat endangering the human rights of the peoples of Latin America and the Caribbean, declared as a zone of peace, we believe that the Human Rights Council should do its utmost to transform the aspirations from 1993 into a specific reality for peoples and for peace and humankind. Thank you, sir.

Thank you, Ambassador. Now I invite the representative of Sierra Leone.

Mr. Vice President, Sierra Leone reaffirms the enduring relevance of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, which continues to provide a foundation for the advancement of human rights promotion and protection. Over three decades since its adoption, the VDPA remains a vital reminder that universality, invisibility, interdependence, and interrelatedness of human rights are key to creating just, peaceful, and inclusive societies. We emphasize that the full implementation of the VDPA requires commitment to be translated into tangible actions at national, regional, and international levels. This includes strengthening national human rights institutions, enhancing cooperation with international mechanisms, and ensuring that human rights principles underpin development, peacebuilding, and governance. We echo the call reaffirmed in the outcome document of the 19th Non-Aligned Movement summit held in Kampala in January 2024 for states to adopt national action plans to improve the promotion and protection of human rights. Sierra Leone affirms its strong commitment to the VDPA and urges the Human Rights Council and all member states to enhance their cooperation, dialogue, and solidarity to ensure its effective implementation for the benefit of all peoples. Thank you, Mr.

Thank you. Now I invite the representative of Afghanistan, please.

President, The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action affirms that all human rights are universal, indivisible, and interdependent, and must be granted on an equal footing. It was adopted to ensure that no people would be abandoned to repression or treated as less entitled to dignity and equality. Yet in Afghanistan, the Taliban are dismantling these very principles. Women and girls remain barred from education, employment, and public spaces, while civic life is suffocated through censorship, intimidation, and reprisals. Recently, reports pointed to escalating restriction on internet access and communications. These measures are not isolated disruptions. They are deliberate attempts to sever one of the last lifelines the people of Afghanistan have to the outside world. This blackout, combined with the systematic exclusion of half of the population and the silencing of dissent, strikes at the core of the universality promised by the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action. It erases the voice of the vulnerable, prevents accountability for abuses, and shatters the remaining hope of people who have already endured decades of conflict. Mr. Vice President. We urge the Council to act with urgency and reaffirm that the people of Afghanistan, especially our women and girls, cannot be abandoned to enforce silence, but are entitled to the full protection of international law. I thank you.

I thank you. Now I invite the representative of Tunisia.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Tunisia reiterates its commitment to the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, and reiterates the indivisibility and complementarity, as well as the universality of rights, including the right to development. Despite efforts made throughout the past years under this declaration, There are still a large number of countries and peoples who suffer under the plight of poverty, hunger, and the violation of human rights. Tunisia has always opted for peace and has based its relations on the principle of cooperation and international solidarity. The reform of the international financial system and the strengthening of international relations to make them fair and equitable are also components of development. We have called on all parties to strengthen cooperation, in particular to recover illicit funds. And we take this opportunity to recall that the occupying entity is committing crimes, and it is essential to hold it accountable for crimes committed against Palestinians and to allow the Palestinian people that is unjustly occupied to exercise its inalienable right to self-determination to establish its state, Palestine, with East Jerusalem as its capital in the 1967 borders. Thank you.

Thank you. Now I invite the representative of the United Kingdom.

I welcome this opportunity to reflect on the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action. The Declaration underscored the importance of human rights as a matter of priority for the international community. It promoted and encouraged respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all and respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination. Through the declaration, we restated our commitment to the principles enshrined in the charter of the United Nations. Twenty-two years on, many of the challenges that we sought to address back at the time of the adoption of the Vienna declaration remain just as pressing, but the UK's resolve to live up to the ideas laid out in the Vienna declaration and, indeed, the Universal Declaration on Human Rights has not faltered. It is with that resolve in mind that, last week, the UK officially recognised the state of Palestine. Our decision to recognise Palestine is firmly grounded in the Palestinian people's inalienable right to self-determination and the need for Palestinians and Israelis alike to live their lives in peace, free from violence and suffering. Recognition must be a spur, not a substitute, for urgent action: a ceasefire now, the release of all hostages, the restoration of aid, and a lasting framework for peace. Thank you.

Thank you. Now I invite the representative of India.

Mr. Vice President, the World Conference on Human Rights of 1993 led to the unanimous adoption of the VDPA, a milestone document that has strengthened the foundation laid by the UDHR for the promotion and protection of human rights. Its pronouncement of the universality, indivisibility, interdependence, and interrelatedness of all human rights And it's called to treat civil and political rights and economic, social, and cultural rights equally and on the same footing remain extremely relevant to this day. We reiterate our support for VDPS emphasis on the strong interlinkage between democracy, development, and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. Its inclusion of a wide range of human rights has led to their progressive realization globally. We fully agree with its acknowledgement of the fact that terrorism in all its forms is aimed at the destruction of human rights, fundamental freedoms, and democracy, and threatens the territorial integrity and security of states. Mr. Vice President, India is steadfastly making efforts to ensure the fullest enjoyment of human rights by our people and to realize sustainable development. We must collectively reaffirm our commitment to the ideals of the WDPA. Mr. Vice President, we find it deeply ironic that a country with one of the world's worst human rights records seeks to lecture others. Their attempt to misuse this forum with fabricated allegations against India only expose their hypocrisy. Instead of making baseless propaganda, they should confront the rampant state-sponsored persecution and systematic discrimination against their own religious and ethnic minorities that plague their own society. I thank you.

I thank you. That was the last speaker on the list of the observers. We now move to the list of national human rights institutions and non-governmental organizations. And we will start with the representative of the Action Canada for Population Development. I'm giving the floor, please.

I make this statement on behalf of over 230 organizations and individuals. The Vienna Declaration highlighted accountability as one of the linchpins of human rights. Yet, implementation gaps, impunity, and complicity continue. To commemorate the International Safe Abortion Day, we recall reproductive justice principles: analyze power systems, address intersectional discrimination, and center the most marginalized. In Gaza, Israel has targeted health facilities, blocked access to reproductive health, and committed horrific acts of violence in its campaign of reproductive genocide. The international community has stayed mostly silent. It is complicit in the mass atrocities in Sudan and in the DRC, where there are alarming levels of sexual violence with little or no access to medical support. This speaks to a collective failure of accountability within the multilateral systems. Yet we continue to see some Western states obfuscate the complicity and violation, instrumentalizing the so-called championing of gender equality and SRHR to avoid being held accountable to the double standards and complicity in the genocide. Human rights cannot be universal without an end to colonial apartheid and an accountability for the ongoing colonialism and imperialism. We reiterate the call by feminists to end genocide in Gaza and to end impunity for gender-based violence. States must act now. You can still make a difference. I thank you.

I thank you. Now we have an intervention by video from the Al Salam Foundation.

Mr. President, we draw the Council's attention to the U.S. and Israeli massacres, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. committed against civilians in Yemen, which are directly connected to Israel's ongoing genocide in Gaza, Palestine, aimed at denying the Palestinian people their right to self-determination and the establishment of a Palestinian state on their land. Yemen has been facing US and Israeli attacks targeting critical infrastructure, including ports, electricity and oil facilities, airports, factories, and residential areas. A total of 1,403 civilians have been killed or injured, including 174 children and 117 women. Israel has also deliberately targeted Yemeni journalists. On 10 September, strikes on two newspaper headquarters killed 31 journalists in a single attack, the second deadliest attack on the press worldwide since 2009. This is a blatant violation of international humanitarian law and constitutes a war crime. We call on states to act to prevent these crimes, hold perpetrators accountable, and ensure support for the Palestinian people's fundamental right to self-determination, in line with international law and UN resolutions. Thank you.

Okay, now I invite the representative of Al-Baraima Association for Charitable Work.

Mr. Vice President, ladies and gentlemen, I welcome the condemnations expressed by many delegations and I call on others to follow this example. For decades, the Palestinian people have been enduring occupation and crimes that are the most serious in human history. There are children dying of hunger now. There are women and children who are held as detainees for years and they They are subjected to torture and inhumane treatment in Israeli prisons. So why is there no independent commission to investigate this? The time of speeches is over. These actions are similar to genocide, which has been continuing. I also call for an immediate ceasefire. It is essential to implement targeted sanctions and to initiate judicial proceedings against the perpetrators. There are settlers and violence committed by Israel. This can no longer continue. I participated in a humanitarian flotilla which aimed to break the illegal blockade and to bring humanitarian aid that is vital to a population that is now being exterminated. Why are citizens under the obligation to risk their lives when governments fail in their duties. Attacks against civilians is imminent, perhaps in a few hours, and this is yet another serious violation of international law. Thank you,

and now I give the floor to the representative of United Nations Association of Japan.

Mr. Vice President, the VDPA clearly states that the right to development is an inalienable human right, which constitutes the cornerstone of global human rights progress. However, the current international development landscape confronts multiple challenges: sluggish economic recovery, shrinking ODA, escalating regional conflicts, and worsening climate change impacts, all of which have severely undermined the realization of the right to development. Realizing the right to development demands collective commitment from the international community to address the root causes. The initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative, along with the global development, security, civilization, and governance initiatives put forward by China rooted in a people-centered philosophy and the action-orientated approach aim to resolve current global challenges. They provide a pragmatic path to advance the right to development and other human rights, ultimately contributing to the common development and progress of all mankind. Thank you.

Yeah. Thank you. Now I give the floor to the representative of Pasumai Tiyagam Foundation.

Mr. Vice President, Pasumai Thayagam would like to emphasize the need to actualize the principles of the Vienna Declaration to realize the dignity and well-being of the Tamils on the island of Sri Lanka. The Declaration is one of the foundational human rights documents. But unless its pretty words about the universality of human rights are turned into real action and institution, it will remain just a piece of paper. In his report, the High Commissioner emphasized the need to heal from the cycles of violence and impunity that have dominated for decades. The government has a clear mandate from across the nation for transformative reforms that must be translated into a coherent, time-bound plan for concrete action, delivering accountability and justice, and eliminating the discrimination and division that have poisoned politics for generations. India also stated that Sri Lanka must work meaningfully towards early implementation of its commitments to ensure that the fundamental freedoms and human rights for all its citizens are fully protected. Basumaitayagam urges the member states to assure justice for atrocity crimes against the Tamils through all available international judicial processes. We draw particular attention to the need of an international role in the excavation of Chenninai mass grave. Institutional reforms, especially of the judiciary and military, are required along with the creation of a democratic structure which prevents domination by the Sinhalese Buddhist majority on other peoples, communities and religions. The government must end its engineering in the Tamil northeast and Tamil language given its rightful place. Thank you, Mr. Vice President.

Thank you. Now I give the floor to the representative of the International Committee for the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas.

Distinguished panelists and states, The VDPA emphasizes universal and indivisible human rights. UNGA Resolution 1514 guarantees the rights to self-determination and independence. The free political institution of the people concerned is the Hawaiian constitutional monarchy. Territorial integrity principles apply to non-self-governing territories under possession of the Hawaiian constitutional monarchy. The heirs of King Kamehameha III have had their constitutional guarantees and private property obstructed through UN mechanisms. US Public Law 103-150 admits Hawaiian nationals have not relinquished their sovereignty or land to the US. Yet, Hawaiian nationals have been denied their independence and nationality we've had since 1843 when joining the family of nations, resulting in catastrophic human rights violations and an ongoing occupation. So, does harm and injury also rest with member states for their ongoing failures to provide remedy for these breaches of international law? The heirs of King Kamehameha III make our diplomatic protests and request member states to become its protective power for protections under the Fourth Geneva Convention and to initiate mediation. Denial of guaranteed rights is a fundamental breach of international law contrary to the VDPA and a stain on the international community. I thank you. I am Ruth Bolomey, heir of King Kamehameha III. Thank you.

Now I give the floor to the representative of the Human Rights and Democratic Participation Center shams. Okay, sorry, it's nobody in the room. Then I will give the floor to the representative of G-SOAR youth organization.

Mr. Vice President, in your reforms, it commitment to Vienna Declaration and Program of Action of 1993, which reminds us that all human rights are universal, invisible, interdependent, and interrelated. Today, as the world enters the age of artificial intelligence, these principles remain more relevant than ever. Artificial intelligence holds the promise of advancing the right to development and another pillar of Vienna Declaration. From improving access to the healthcare and education to supporting the climate action and poverty reduction, AI can be a for inclusive growth. But if misused, it can deepen inequality, threaten privacy, and undermine the dignity. India believes that the global governance of AI must therefore be guided by human rights. Our nation's efforts in Digital India and AI for all aim to ensure the technology is transparent, ethical, and accessible to all the citizens, especially those in the global south who risk their being left behind. We call upon this Council to integrate AI into the human rights agenda to strengthen the international cooperation and to ensure that technological innovation never comes at the cost of fundamental freedoms. In the spirit of UNR declaration, India stands ready to work with all the nations to build an AI future that is ethical, inclusive, and human-centered. Thank you.

Thank you. Now, we have an intervention by video from China Foundation for Human Rights Development.

the rights of persons with disabilities were addressed in the Vienna Declaration and the Programme of Action, which stated that the disabled exist everywhere and equal opportunities for them should be guaranteed. To implement the commitments made in the declaration, my university has partnered with some internet service providers, similar to Google Maps, to develop an accessible electronic navigation map for the use of wheelchair users and the visually impaired. Currently, the map has provided more than 200 million route planning services with the goal of enabling the disabled to travel without barrier. In recent years, China has advanced the renovation of accessibility in public transportation, information exchange, digital process, and social services. enact the law on developing barrier-free environments. So we call on more states and organizations to follow the purpose and principles of the declaration and the continued international cooperation and solidarities to make a difference in the human rights cause.

Okay, now we have another intervention by video from Humanists International.

The gap between the human rights commitments in the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action and the lived realities of people seeking to exercise their reproductive rights is stark. Access to safe, legal and timely abortion is a matter of human dignity, health and equality. Yet, in 2025, we continue to see systemic barriers that undermine these principles. Abortions happen at similar rates regardless of the legal regime, but unsafe or clandestine abortions continue to happen when it is criminalized, risking maternal mortality and injury. Measures short of criminalization should also be denounced, such as laws in Brazil requiring public hospitals to display anti-abortion signs. The United States has also willingly endangered the lives of women and girls around the world with its foreign aid cuts as well as domestically as its patchwork legal system creates differentiated abortion access, privileging those with the means to travel for abortions. Finally, SRHR are increasingly weaponized at times of war, with attacks on hospitals and reproductive health care facilities, as well as the use of rape as a weapon of war. We call on all States to act on their obligations under international human rights and humanitarian law, and to guarantee safe access to SRHR around the world, and to recognize that sexual and reproductive health is indivisible from other human rights. Thank you.

Okay, now we have another intervention by video from Center for Gender Justice and Women Empowerment.

Mr. President, I want to bring the Council's attention towards the EU's concerns on the GSP+ status to Pakistan. The EU and the international community has consistently expressed that the GSP+ status given to Pakistan, subject to its human rights record, is facing lapses. The International Federation of Journalists South Asia Press Freedom Report of 2024-2025 claims that between May 1, 2024, and April 30, 2025, journalists in Pakistan faced 34 serious press freedom violations, including seven targeted killings and eight non-fatal incidents, pushing Pakistan to the position of 158th in the World Press Freedom Index. The USCIRF Religious Freedom Report for 2025 states that over 700 individuals were in prison on blasphemy charges, a 300% increase over the last year. The Baloch National Movement's human rights body, PANK, documented 785 enforced disappearances and 121 killings in the first half of 2025 alone. The Pashtun National Jirga said that as of 2025, 4,000 Pashtuns are still missing. The UNHRC is requested to explore cooperative mechanisms with the EU under item 8 to strengthen its monitoring of the human rights situation in Pakistan. Thank you.

Now we have another video intervention from Servas International.

Mr. President. According to the VDPA, human rights include an individual's freedom and participation in political life, while economic, social, and cultural rights assure a dignified life, such as access to food, education, and housing. While the SDGs set these goals, the reality is the total opposite. Today, we see the highest number of wars since World War II. Millions of lives are destroyed, including through extreme poverty and starvation. Wars like in Gaza, Sudan, Syria and Ukraine, not to forget forgotten crises such as Yemen and Dr. Congo, confront the world with its worst: destruction of homes, medical facilities and schools, blockade of humanitarian aid and famine. Mr. President, Service International is a peace organization promoting dialogue and reconciliation through host and traveler programs. As such, our hearts ache for the most vulnerable of this world and those affected by our incapacity to end these wars. We pledge to immediately stop financing wars and invest in peace rather than in weapons and borders. We pledge to divert expenses to humanitarian aid and even more to building self-sufficient economies that meet the SDGs and human rights. Only then our world can be a better place. And I thank you.

Now I invite the representative of Alliance Defending Freedom.

Mr. Vice President, the World Conference on Human Rights was a landmark opportunity to enhance the international human rights system. Today, the international community stands at a similar precipice, but instead of renewed progress, we face a system increasingly weakened by politicization, selectivity, and the advancement of ideological agendas disconnected from the lived realities of the people it claims to serve. the heart of the commitment to universal, indivisible, interdependent, and interrelated human rights is the oft-repeated principle that no one should be left behind. Yet, that very principle is too often neglected here in the Human Rights Council. Instead of pursuing genuine consensus, negotiations have devolved into futile procedural exercises where sovereign voices are sidelined, legitimate concerns are dismissed, and final texts reflect predetermined outcomes rather than constructive engagement. Even more troubling is the reliance on narrow majorities to advance disputed concepts as if they were settled human rights. How can this Council credibly claim to uphold universal human rights while embracing concepts explicitly rejected by the broader UN membership? Mr. Vice President, at a time when global progress on human rights and development is faltering, the Human Rights Council cannot afford to be mired in ideology and division. To remain a legitimate voice within the international system, it must reject these polarizing practices and return to its founding principle, the protection and promotion of human rights for all people built on authentic consensus. Thank you.

I thank you. Now I invite the representative of Asian Center for Human Rights.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. This august body has adopted numerous resolutions acknowledging the role of the national institutions for the protection and promotion of human rights under the BDFA. However, the interim government of Bangladesh sacked all the members of the National Human Rights Commission on 7 November 2024 for highlighting a rise in mob beating, rape, political harassment, assault on political leaders, and other violence act in its newsletter in October 2024. As of today, new members of the National Human Rights Commission of Bangladesh have not been appointed, which is an unacceptable example of negligence towards its responsibility. Regrettably, the Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions failed to take measures to suspend the National Human Rights Commission of Bangladesh on the grounds of non-existence of the commission itself after I filed a complaint on 8th November 2024. Two days back, on 20th September, three indigenous peoples were shot dead, 40 others were injured in the Chittagong Hill Tracts region by the Bangladesh army while protesting against no justice for the gang rape of a 14-year-old indigenous girl on 23rd September. In the last one year, Bangladesh has witnessed 637 mob lynching deaths, targeting of 870 journalists, over 2,000 acts of violence against religious minorities, and, of course, over 500,000 cases against the political opponents. The need for functioning national human rights commission in Bangladesh cannot be stressed enough. We therefore urge the Council and the Government of Bangladesh to immediately appoint all members of the national human rights commission. Thank you, Mr. Vice President.

I thank you, sir. So this is the last speaker we can accommodate for today. We are obliged, given the time constraints, to suspend this meeting and to continue tomorrow 00 a.m. with it. So we'll resume our public meeting tomorrow morning at 10:00 a.m. to continue with this general debate under agenda item 8, and then hold the interactive dialogue with the Working Group on People of African Descent and the interactive dialogue on report of the Permanent Forum on People of African Descent. We have now to take a short, well, not so short, but it takes time, break before the closed meeting in relation to the complaint procedure of the Human Rights Council. Please note that the closed meeting in relation to the complaint procedure of the Human Rights Council will be held in this hall and in person. So therefore, I would like to remind that only members of the Human Rights Council take part in this meeting and ask observers to leave the room. So I thank you for your understanding, and I wish you a nice evening. Thank you.