11th Meeting - 61st Session of Human Rights Council

Excellencies, distinguished participants, I hereby declare open the 11th meeting of the 61st session of the Human Rights Council. And we will continue with enhanced interactive dialogue on the report of the Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan. We continue with a list of speakers for national human rights institutions and non-governmental organizations. I give the floor to Every Casualty Worldwide for intervention by video.

Since December 2013, members of the Casualty Records Network, convened by Africa Counts Worldwide, remembering the ones we lost, and the Global Society Initiative for Peace and Democracy have documented over 26,000 killings in South Sudan. Their records show an increasing rate of casualties since 2025 among both civilians and armed forces. Most killings resulted from fighting between government forces and armed opposition groups, as well as intercommunal violence. Airstrikes carried out by the government forces have caused civilian casualties, including deaths, injuries, and displacement. Casualty records show that armed violence is continuing across Jonglei, Upper Nile, Western Equatoria, Central Equatoria, Eastern Equatoria, Warrab, and Unity State. We call on the Government of South Sudan and all parties to the conflict to end violence against civilians immediately. We urge international community to support independent casualty documentation efforts as a foundation of civilians and sustainable peace. In the commission's view, how effective are existing mechanisms to document fatalities of the conflict and what can be done to improve this? Thank you.

Thank you.

Human Rights Watch. is the next speaker. You have the floor.

Mr. President, South Sudan's armed conflict escalated once again last year, prompting the.

Madam Vice President, we thank the commission for the latest report and share the grave concerns over ongoing serious violations and abuses and heightened atrocity risk across the country. Northern Jonglei clashes between government and opposition forces and affiliated militias have displaced at least 280,000 people since late 2025. For two months, the government imposed a no-fly zone and further restricted aid access to opposition-controlled territories, exacerbating the humanitarian crisis. All parties have attacked civilians, aid, and civilian infrastructure. Since 2025, the UN Peacekeeping Mission has reported widespread abuses and violations in conflict-affected areas, such as unlawful killings and sexual violence by all parties, as well as use of explosive weapons in populated areas by government forces, increasing the risk for civilians of unlawful attacks. Human rights forces documented the abusive arrest and detention of children and adults in Juba under the guise of crackdown on crime and their forced recruitment and deployment to the front lines. The National Security Service and other government forces have targeted critics and opposition members with unlawful arrests. As the Commission has highlighted, impunity is at the root of these cycles of abuse, and yet the government has rarely investigated or prosecuted commanders implicated in abuses, instead emboldening their actions through repeated re-appointments. It has failed to progress the establishment of the hybrid court. States should mobilize to implement the Commission's recommendations and support the full renewal of the Commission's mandate, key to supporting future accountability. Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to Amnesty International.

President, South Sudan's armed conflict escalated once again last year, prompting the Commission to warn that clashes have been occurring on a scale not seen since 2017. Amnesty calls on this Council to extend the mandate of the Commission by at least two years, given the drastic deterioration in the human rights situation. Over the past year, 149 airstrikes have been recorded. Some have harmed civilians and civilian infrastructure, including medical facilities. The Commission found that at least one of these airstrikes to be a deliberate.

Attack targeting a hospital performing its humanitarian functions and in violation of international humanitarian law.

In late January of this year, government forces commenced a military operation against opposition forces in Jonglei. Days before the operation started, a high-ranking military commander was filmed telling his troops to, quote, spare no elderly person or a chicken or even a house." Media have reported on the killing of civilians since. Civilian populations in Jonglei are cut off from medical assistance and face crisis-level hunger. The clashes have displaced around 230,000 people. Commissioners, what, if any, measures have the South Sudanese government taken to protect civilians? and what is needed to unlock the stalemate in establishing the hybrid court for South Sudan?

Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to CIVICUS, World Alliance for Citizen Participation.

Vice President, we remain deeply concerned about the human rights situation in South Sudan, where rising political tensions, renewed fighting, and escalating communal violence continue to fuel a worsening crisis. Instability has further deepened following the government's decision to charge the First Vice President with crimes against humanity, while basic civic freedoms remain severely restricted. Local authorities continue repressing peaceful protests, with many protesters subjected to arbitrary arrest and unlawful detention and indefinite suspension from duty for civil Some demonstrations were met with government-imposed social media blockades. Journalists, media outlets, and civil society actors continue to face challenges and restrictions when reporting on important national matters. Security officials have blocked private media and CSO representatives from attending the trial proceeding of the country's suspended first vice president, assaulted and detained those attempting to access or report on the trial. The National Security Service continues to arbitrarily detain dozens of perceived or real government critics and independent civil society voices amid a culture of impunity within the agency. NSS agents continue to enjoy immunity from prosecution, and arrests carried out by the agency are not subject to judicial oversight. We urge this Council to renew the mandate of this Commission and to strengthen monitoring, reporting and protection efforts, including support for local civil society and accountability for serious violations. We thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Legal Action Worldwide.

Mr. President, Excellencies, for 10 years we have waited. They promised justice. We are still waiting. These are the words of a 31-year-old South Sudanese woman, WJ, who was raped by South Sudan's SPLA soldiers. This year marks a decade since the last major conflict in South Sudan erupted, yet WJ and thousands of survivors of sexual violence and other grave human rights violations continue to be denied justice while perpetrators roam free. Access to justice in South Sudan remains severely limited. Investigations and prosecutions are rare. Judicial processes are low, and survivors, particularly women and girls, face persistent barriers to redress. Legal Action Worldwide has filed two cases to date, including the first war crimes case filed in 2024 on behalf of three women survivors who were raped. Two of these women were children at the time of the incident. More recently, escalating political tensions have stalled peace process, rising localized violence and renewed clashes, particularly in Jonglei and other states, threaten the fragile gains of the revitalized peace agreement. With elections now scheduled for 2026, there's a serious risk that justice will continue once again to be delayed for political expediency. Mr. President, what concrete steps will the Council take to prevent renewed outbreaks of violence and to end impunity by holding perpetrators accountable? Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Nonviolent Peaceforce.

Madam Vice-President, Nonviolent Peaceforce thanks the UN Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan for its important and timely report. We stand behind the extension of its mandate in line with calls from civil society both in South Sudan and outside. As a protection of civilians organization working in South Sudan since 2010, we strongly believe in the protective force of this human rights monitoring mandate. Madam Vice President, what we are hearing from our colleagues on the ground today is deeply alarming. South Sudan is showing clear signs of sliding towards large-scale violence. We are seeing aerial bombardments affecting civilian areas, forced recruitment of young men and boys, arbitrary arrests, and sexual violence against women and girls. Families are once again fleeing their homes, and fear is rising in the displacement sites, including fear of attack and abuse within spaces that should be safe for civilians. National political tensions are feeding into local intercommunal violence. Decisions taken by duty bearers are reverberating downward, enhancing, in some cases, creating ethnic division and increasing the risk of retaliatory attacks. Senior military leaders on all sides have used divisive and extremist language, either calling for the total or indiscriminate killings of civilians or pitting certain ethnic groups against each other. However, in South Sudan's past, this kind of rhetoric has not stayed rhetorical. It has often preceded mass violence. These are clear warning signs under the UN's own atrocity prevention framework. In this context, the Commission's work is indispensable. It's documenting violations, preserving evidence, and identifying risk factors before they escalate further. With impunity still entrenched and key transitional justice mechanisms stalled, this work remains a lifeline for accountability, nonviolent-.

Thank you very much. time has elapsed. And this was the last speaker on my list. So I now give the floor to our presenters for their concluding remarks. Ms. Memory Bandera, you have the floor.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. We want to thank the distinguished delegation of Spain for recognizing the courage and vital role of civil society here at the Council. That acknowledgment is deeply appreciated. On item 2, let me clarify that no one opposes the provision of advisory services to South Sudan or reporting under item 10. Technical assistance has an important role to play. However, technical assistance alone is neither sufficient nor adequate to address the country's profound human rights challenges. To achieve meaningful progress, South Sudan first and foremost requires genuine political will. the will to confront violations and impunity, to establish and operationalize key institutions, and to ensure effective checks and balances on those exercising political authority. Without that political will, even the most well-designed technical assistance will remain ineffective. Madam Vice President, Excellencies, countries like South Sudan and Africa more broadly are increasingly being treated as footnotes. But South Sudan remains one of the world's most serious human rights crises. When attention drifts, violations deepen. When scrutiny fades, impunity hardens. States should urgently support humanitarian aid and the civil society and human rights actors who are trying every day to build a better, rights-respecting South Sudan. That is not charity. It's an investment, an investment in stability, in dignity, and in a future where cycles of violence are broken. Accountability mechanisms such as the Commission are also prevention tools. Investigations like those the Commission has been leading are key to deterring violations, preserving evidence, and supporting early warning. They reduce downstream costs, peacekeeping burdens, humanitarian emergencies, and the price of inaction paid in human lives. South Sudanese civil society remains committed to peace, meaningful accountability, and human rights. They only ask for the space and safety to carry out this work without fear. Therefore, it's in everyone's interest to support both the Commission and South Sudanese civil society. It is this Council's responsibility. Thank you, Madam Vice-President.

Thank you.

I give the floor to Ms. Yasmin Sorka. You have the floor, please.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. We thank Member States and civil society for their support and input. And of course, the biggest question is how do we avert the crisis and ensure the protection of civilians? We therefore call on the international community to ensure that South Sudan remains on the agenda of the international community and that they use their influence to ensure that the parties recommit to the centrality of the revitalized peace agreement as the only comprehensive roadmap for peace, ensuring full implementation, including enacting a constitution, ensuring security sector reform, as well as the full unification of the armed forces and implementing Chapter 5. In terms of the protection of civilians, we call on the government to de-escalate and to cease attacks on civilians, peacekeepers, humanitarians, and humanitarian objects. There needs to be a cessation of hostilities. All aerial bombardments need to cease, and one needs to ensure that external actors involved in the bombardments cease their involvement and play their rightful role as guarantors of the peace agreement. We need to ensure the protection of civilians ensure humanitarian access and extend support to the African Union C5 initiative to bring the parties back to the negotiating table. And this requires the release of political prisoners, confidence building measures, and allowing the first vice president to participate in peace talks and consider how to include outliers. We call upon the African Union, the C5 and EGAD as the guarantors of the revitalized peace agreement, to urgently reject unilateral amendments, to demand restoration of power-sharing safeguards, and to operationalise the hybrid court, ensuring a roadmap with dates for delivery and implementation, and to re-anchor the transition in its legal commitments. The international community should also assist to deal with impunity, to fully fund accountability efforts, to consider targeted sanctions against individuals credibly implicated in forced recruitment, economic crimes, the obstruction of peace, and aerial attacks. We'd like to end this presentation with the message that South Sudanese civilians need protection, and they need their human rights to be realized now, and the Council and member states to act to ensure that South Sudan does not return to catastrophic violence. This moment requires acting with resolve and courage. I thank you, Madam Vice-President.

Thank you.

His Excellency, Honourable Michael Makwayi Luete, you have the floor.

Thank you very much, Madam Chair. appreciate and I really thank the delegates and especially the panelists who participated in this occasion. I really appreciate their contribution and their support to the government and the government of the Republic of South Sudan. Excellencies, the report of the, as I stated earlier, the report of the committee is very clear. They are not in support of the elections. And if they are not in support of elections, then I don't see, I don't know where do we, where one has to go. So that is one. Number two, the reports of the, of the, of the commission are actually recycling of whatever what happening before. There is nothing new. There is nothing specifically for the report in 2025, which is the gist of the report. The report was meant for 2025. But if you look at the report, there is nothing tangible that indicates the reality on the ground. On civic space, it had ever been there. The reports which are rendered are not actually gotten on the ground, but they are got in Juba. Juba is not the ground, is not the field where all these so-called atrocities are happening, but they happen in other parts of South Sudan, which the delegation, the Commission has never been there to see for themselves, but only sitting in Juba receiving reports which are not substantiated. On the issue of the three mechanisms, We have already enacted two laws, that is the law establishing the Trust and Reconciliation Commission. We have also enacted the law for the compensation and reparation. These laws have been passed and we are in the process now of implementing, operationalizing this. However, the Truth, Reconciliation and Healing Commission We are still waiting for the African Union to give us their three names. And we cannot go ahead without the African Union giving us the three names who will be members of this commission. For the reparation and compensation, it cannot be established without the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. These commissions are connected with one another, and we are waiting for the African Union. For the hybrid court, it is The African Union, which is supposed to give us the guidelines for drafting the law. And if we are not given the guidelines, how are we expected, why are we being held responsible for somebody's mistakes? It is the African Union which is delaying. Had they given us the guidelines, we would have drafted the law, it would have been enacted, and the hybrid court would have been established. This is the situation for the vice president, for the accused vice president, this is somebody who is in conflict with the law. The agreement does not give you the license to kill people. It doesn't give anybody the license to kill anybody. And if you have committed any offense, Should we wait for the hybrid court to be established? Or should we apply our legal system? Our legal system is there, and the Vice President is now facing prosecution before the court in Juba. And he is given all his rights. He is given the rights of self-defense, and he is given the opportunity, and he has chosen a team of advocates that are now defending him in Juba. then what else do we expect? For the commission to ask for the release of an accused person who is facing law is not acceptable. Riek Machar is not a political detainee, he is an accused person. And we should differentiate between an accused person and a political detainee. Riek Machar is not alone, he is arrested with his colleagues, they are 80 in number, and they are being prosecuted now in Cuba. Let us wait for the outcome of the case. The judiciary of South Sudan is doing its job. It is independent. We have never interfered with it, and everybody is attending. It is unfortunate that the Commission has reported that they have been prevented from attending the court. It is very unfortunate. Because the court is open and everybody goes there. But if they want to go in their official capacity and say we should be given special attention, no. They go there like other civilians, like other people in South Sudan. So the issue of us releasing Riek Machar is out of question. He's an accused. And as such, our legal system is operating and it will continue to operate. We need to respect the systems of other countries. The fact that a commission is set up doesn't give it the right to overrun and undermine other legal systems. That is about the Riek Machar. For South Sudan, South Sudan has the political will. And this is why we have declared that we are going for elections. We are going for elections because we have found that this agreement, which we are implementing, is not actually giving the outcome which is needed. The ultimate aim for this agreement is the elections. And we have agreed, as signatories to the agreement, as owners of this agreement, to amend the agreement so that we go for elections. If the commission could say that the agreement should not be amended unilaterally, I do not know what is unilateral here. All the parties who signed the agreement are there, and there is nothing called unilateral. There is nothing you will negotiate here. And as I we are going on with the elections. There is no way the commission can say, no, don't go for elections. We have decided to go for elections. Now we are going for elections. If the commission has its own solution for South Sudan issues without going for elections, let them come up with it. We will accept them. Thank you very much.

Thank you very much. And I now give the floor to Ms. Ilse Branskeris, Assistant Secretary General for Human Rights, to deliver the closing remarks. Please.

Thank you, Madam Vice President, distinguished delegates. I thank all delegations and civil society participants for their interventions and for continued attention to the human rights situation in South Sudan. And I would like to acknowledge the Minister of Justice and Constitutional Affairs of South Sudan and the government's continued cooperation with the Human Rights Division of UNMISS and our office, as well as the Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan. The concerns voiced by many here today are serious, well-founded, and regrettably familiar.

Many of them have been raised repeatedly over the years, including by the UN, with little, if any, meaningful progress.

South Sudan stands at a pivotal moment. The revitalized peace agreement, despite the hopes it once inspired, has still not been implemented and remains effectively at a standstill.

The challenges are numerous, continued violence against civilians, conflict-related sexual violence, arbitrary detention, restrictions on civic space.

Attacks on civil society actors, and a deepening humanitarian crisis affecting millions.

These are not abstract numbers. They are lives lost, families torn apart, and communities struggling to survive. There is an opportunity for change. The adoption of laws establishing the Commission for Truth, Reconciliation, and Healing and the Compensation and Reparation Authority is a step towards justice, accountability, and restoring trust. South Sudan must advance their effective establishment with urgency. Transitional justice is indispensable for lasting peace in South Sudan. We continue to call for the full implementation of Chapter 5, including the establishment of the hybrid court. As the transitional period continues and elections are scheduled in December 2026, the government must take concrete action, protecting civilians, implementing the peace agreement, advancing accountability.

Reforming laws in line with international standards, and ensuring a safe, open, and inclusive civic and political space in which all South Sudanese can participate freely and without fear. Madam Vice President, the peace agreement must be implemented, as it is the cornerstone of stability.

Delays have fueled violence and fragmentation, and all parties must return to genuine dialogue. Immediate political action is essential to rebuild trust and prevent further escalation. Stabilizing the political environment is crucial for ensuring inclusive and peaceful transition. We count on the international community to focus the necessary attention on the situation in South Sudan during this critical period, including through strengthened regional and international engagement, mediation, and collective action to help push for restraint, de-escalation, and protection of civilians. We call on the Government of South Sudan to take decisive steps away from cycles of violence and impunity and toward dignity, justice, and lasting peace for its people. Thank you.

I thank you.

This brings us to the end of this Enhanced Interactive Dialogue. I wish to thank the Assistant Secretary-General and all presenters for their participation. And we will now take a short technical break before proceeding with the interactive dialogue on the oral update of the High Commissioner on the situation of human rights in Myanmar. Excellencies, dear participants, we shall now proceed with the interactive dialogue on the oral update of the High Commissioner on the situation of human rights in Myanmar pursuant to resolution 56/1. The list of speakers will close in 15 minutes. It is my honor to welcome Ms. Hildebrand Skeries, Assistant Secretary General for Human Rights, to present the oral update. You have the floor.

Madame Vice President, Excellencies, distinguished delegates, five years after the military coup, the conflict in Myanmar shows no sign of ending. Urgent international action is needed to put pressure on the military authorities to end their repression and to pursue a viable path towards democracy and lasting peace. Since the 2021 coup, credible sources have verified the killing of more than 7,700 civilians, including more than 1,650 women and 1,000 children. The real number is likely much higher. The military have arrested some 30,000 people opposed to their rule. Nearly 23,000 are still detained, including prominent opposition leaders. In 2025, military airstrikes killed at least 982 civilians, a 53% increase compared to the previous year. At least 287 children were killed in 2025, making it the deadliest year for children since the coup. In Rakhine State, violence, mass displacement, acute food insecurity, lack of humanitarian assistance, and forced recruitment persists. In 2025, widespread military air attacks killed more than 190 people and destroyed homes, medical facilities, camps for internally displaced people, and other civilian infrastructure. In one striking case on 10th of December, Human Rights Day, the military bombed the general hospital in Rakhine town, killing at least 33 people and injuring some 70 more in an apparently deliberate strike. This was the deadliest attack on a healthcare facility since the coup. The victims included doctors, nurses, patients, and family members. Attacks deliberately targeting hospitals and medical facilities are a blatant violation of international law. Both the military and the Arakan Army are systematically targeting Rohingya, contravening the provisional measures ordered by the International Court of Justice in 2020 requiring Myanmar to prevent genocidal acts against them. The military subjected Rohingya living in areas it controls in and around IDP camps in Sittwe to widespread arbitrary arrests, forced labor, and ill treatment. They also reportedly subjected more than 5,000 Rohingya to forced recruitment during the first six months of 2025. After assuming de facto control in large parts of Rakhine in the course of 2025, the Arakan Army has also subjected the Rohingya to arbitrary arrest and detention, enforced disappearances, forced recruitment, forced labor, extortion, and restrictions on work and movement. The Arakan Army continues to deny recognition of Rohingya identity and refers to them using derogatory terms. There are reports of Rohingya land and properties being confiscated and misappropriated by the Arakan Army and of non-Rohingya villages being rebuilt on Rohingya land. The military and Arakan Army continue to block humanitarian aid, causing a severe humanitarian crisis for Rohingya in northern and central Rakhine. Food insecurity is at risk of deteriorating to phase five, catastrophe or famine levels, in the next three months. There are tragic reports from central Rakhine of early marriages, suicides, and of women resorting to sex work to sustain their families due to hunger. Rohingya continue to flee these appalling conditions. Last year, 5,600 Rohingya set sail by boat to Indonesia, Malaysia, and other countries in the region, some from Myanmar and some from Bangladesh, where more than one million Rohingya are living in refugee camps. At least 900 of these people died en route or were reported missing at sea. The Myanmar military intercepted boats off the coast in November and December and arbitrarily arrested some 800 people, including many children. More broadly, the blocking of aid by the military and armed groups is causing a widespread humanitarian crisis across the country. Around 16 million people, more than one third of the population, need humanitarian assistance. Millions are living in unsustainable conditions due to repeated displacement and exposure to water-based diseases, skin infections, and food scarcity. Against this backdrop, transnational organized crime is thriving. Online scam centers have become regular fixtures in the east and southeast of the country. drug production and trafficking are flourishing. Distinguished delegates, the elections organized by the military between December 2025 and January of this year took place in an environment of violence, repression, and polarization. The military launched more than 400 aerial attacks during the electoral period, killing more than 170 civilians. The main opposition party, the National League for Democracy, and at least two dozen other parties, including ethnic Rakhine parties, were banned from participating. Many party leaders are still in detention. The Rohingya, who have been excluded from citizenship and public life for more than 40 years, were excluded from voting, along with other minorities and many displaced people. Our office also received information from across the country about repression and voter coercion. These include reports of arbitrary arrest and disproportionately long sentences for people who posted anti-election sentiments or materials on social media. To pressure people to vote, the military allegedly threatened conscription and the confiscation of people's homes. There were also reports of withdrawal of access to food, restrictions on movement, and denial of university registration. Armed groups opposed to the military also allegedly attacked and killed electoral officials and bombed in the vicinity of polling stations, electoral offices, and political parties' offices. Madam Vice-President, there is a path out of this misery. First, the military must immediately end the violence and release all arbitrarily detained people, as demanded by Security Council Resolution 2669. We urge all States with influence to press the parties to take tangible steps towards peace. In the meantime, all parties need to prioritize measures to protect civilians and to respect international law. Second, states need urgently to stop the flow of arms into Myanmar, including jet fuel and dual-use goods. Access to weapons and fuel is driving increased violence and oppression by the military. Third, all parties to the conflict must remove all obstacles to humanitarian aid. Fourth, accountability for gross violations of international humanitarian law and serious violations of human rights law is crucial. Our office is encouraged by recent international and other efforts to advance accountability. These include the hearing of the merits of the case before the International Court of Justice brought by the Gambia, the opening of a criminal case in Timor-Leste under universal jurisdiction, and the application made to expand the federal case in Argentina to cover crimes committed by the Arakan Army against the Rohingya. Finally, The Myanmar people's aspiration for civilian-led, democratic, representative, just and transparent governance need to be heeded. The recent elections have not responded to that call. New pathways must be found to restore genuine democratic and civilian rule. Human rights and justice are crucial to resolving this crisis and to building a safe and equal future for the people of Myanmar. Thank you.

Thank you very much. I now invite interested delegations to ask questions to the Assistant Secretary-General and to make comments on her update. I would like to recall that the duration of interactive dialogues is one hour and 30 minutes. However, if time permits, additional delegations will be able to speak. With this understanding, I first give the floor to Sweden on behalf of group of countries.

Thank you, Vice-President. On behalf of the Nordic-Baltic countries, I want to thank the Assistant Secretary-General for the update and the High Commissioner for continuing to draw attention to the deepening human rights crisis in Myanmar. Widespread violence and grave human rights violations and abuses persist across the country. The humanitarian situation continues to deteriorate at an alarming pace. Civilians, including human rights defenders, journalists and civil society, are at risk of arrests and imprisonment. Many face persecution. This must end. And those responsible must be held accountable, including through international courts. The military has recently sought international legitimacy through elections, but the essential elements of free and fair elections consistent with international standards were not met. We emphasize the need for continued support to actors working towards a peaceful, democratic, and inclusive transition process, ensuring transparency, accountability, and respect for human rights. We once again call on the Myanmar military to immediately end all forms of violence including sexual and gender-based violence and aerial attacks, mass killings and persecution. And we urge all parties to fully adhere to the international law and to ensure safe, rapid and unhindered humanitarian access. Finally, Assistant Secretary-General, considering the military's recently purported elections, how can the international community best support the people of Myanmar to embark on a path towards a genuine democratic process? I thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Pakistan on behalf of Organization of Islamic Cooperation.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. The OIC group thanks the Assistant Secretary-General for the oral update and reiterates its profound concern at the continuing grave human rights violations and abuses against Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar, who are victims of decades of institutionalized discrimination, marginalization, persecution, and disenfranchisement. The OIC Group is deeply concerned that the situation in Rakhine State continues to deteriorate, with civilians subjected to violence, forced conscription, displacements, and severe restrictions on freedom of movement and access to essential services.

A.

Implement without delay the recommendations of the Advisory Commission on Rakhine State, including a clear pathway to citizenship; b. Fully comply with provisional measures of the ICJ and cooperate with all accountability mechanisms; C, ensure full and unhindered humanitarian access in Rakhine. D, create conditions in Rakhine that are conducive to safe, voluntary, dignified, and sustainable repatriation. And E, take effective measures to end all conflicts and human rights violations and abuses in Rakhine State. Madam Vice President, we are alarmed by the gradual erosion of international attention to this protracted crisis, even as humanitarian needs continue to escalate. We call for urgent, predictable, and equitable burden sharing and sustained international support for the forcibly displaced Rohingya Muslims. Finally, we urge the High Commissioner to continue playing an active role in pursuing a durable solution to the crisis, including through contributions to accountability processes. I thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to the European Union.

Thank you. The EU thanks you, Madam Assistant Secretary-General, for your oral update. The EU condemns all violence against civilians in Myanmar, including attacks against the Rohingya community. We call for the release of all arbitrarily detained persons, notably those detained as a consequence of the 2021 military coup. The EU rejects any elections that are neither free nor fair and that aim to legitimize the military without meeting the requirements of a democratic process. We demand the swift establishment of a transparent, inclusive, and credible democratic path, and in this regard, will continue to support the United Nations and ASEAN's efforts. The rising militarization of civilians, including Rohingya in Rakhine and refugee camps, is of great concern. The EU calls for complete, safe and unhindered humanitarian access to all people in need, including through cross-line and cross-border channels, and for the de-escalation of violence. Justice and accountability for all human rights violations and abuses are crucial for stability and peaceful reconciliation. We continue to support UN mechanisms, including the Special Rapporteur, the Special Envoy of the UN Secretary-General, and the IIMM, as well as procedures before international courts or using universal jurisdiction. Assistant Secretary-General, have you identified opportunities to facilitate de-escalation of violence among stakeholders in Myanmar? I thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to the Netherlands on behalf of a group of countries.

Thank you very much, Madam Vice President. I'm honored to deliver this statement on behalf of Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. We fully align with the European Union statement and thank the Assistant Secretary General for her report. It has been five years since the 2021 military coup. The Benelux countries remain alarmed by the ongoing crisis situation in Myanmar. The recent electoral exercise of December 2025 and January 2026 took place in a context that clearly failed to meet the basic conditions for genuine, free and fair elections. We remain deeply concerned with the continued dire violations and abuses of human rights and international humanitarian law, including indiscriminate attacks, extrajudicial killings, forced conscription, torture and sexual and gender-based violence. The situation in Rakhine State and other ethnic areas is particularly alarming, and the Rohingya and other minorities remain at acute risk. Children in conflict-affected communities remain highly vulnerable to sexual violence, recruitment, and use, killing, and maiming, abduction, detention, and exploitation. The humanitarian crisis is severe, with millions in need of assistance and many displaced with Myanmar and across borders, while access and funding are increasingly challenging. We call for respect of principle of non-refoulement and underline the importance of accountability mechanisms. Which forms of pressure and support from member states are, in your view, most effective at this stage? Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Thailand.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. Thailand thanks the ASG for the oral update. As close neighbor, peace and stability in Myanmar have always been a high priority of Thailand. for Thailand. We view the recent election as part of a broader peace process that could open space for dialogue, de-escalate violence, and advance an inclusive political process. Within the ASEAN framework, Thailand will pursue the proposed calibrated re-engagement. This must be a two-way street, where ASEAN re-engages with Myanmar while Concrete measures are to be taken by Myanmar, such as improving humanitarian access, reducing violence, and creating space for dialogue. We believe this will help drive effective action to advance the five-point consensus. Thailand places the utmost importance to ensuring timely and unimpeded humanitarian assistance, as well as assistance in public health and education for vulnerable populations along our border. Thailand remains concerned over the worsening humanitarian situation of the Rohingyas, particularly in the context of the global aid cuts. We are committed to helping alleviate the plight of Rohingya displaced persons through humanitarian and development assistance. We also support creating a conducive environment for a voluntary, safe, and dignified return as a sustainable solution. I thank you.

Thank you.

The list of speakers is now closed. I next give the floor to Bangladesh.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. We thank the Assistant Secretary-General for her oral update on Myanmar. Bangladesh continues to shoulder a disproportionate burden by hosting over 1.3 million forcibly displaced Rohingya. Furthermore, with the escalation of conflict in Rakhine State, 150,000 additional Rohingyas have entered Bangladesh over the past one and a half years. The violence, grave human rights violations, forced recruitment, restrictions on freedom of movement, and denial of fundamental rights and recognition of ethnic identity of Rohingyas continue to prevail in Rakhine. The ongoing conflict in Rakhine and the prolonged uncertainty of the Rohingya repatriation carry serious risks, including potential spillover effects on regional peace and stability. We reiterate that safe, voluntary, dignified, and sustainable repatriation to Myanmar of the Rohingyas remains the only durable solution to the Rohingya crisis. In this context, we call upon the international community to undertake tangible and coordinated efforts to create a genuinely conducive environment in Rakhine State, including through cessation of hostilities, full and unhindered humanitarian access, and support for confidence building among communities. At the same time, against the backdrop of declining fund, we stress the urgent need for adequate, predictable and sustained humanitarian assistance for the Rohingya temporarily sheltered in Bangladesh. Madam Vice-President, finally, we urge the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights to keep the Rohingya issue high on the international agenda until accountability and justice are ensured and a durable solution is achieved for the Rohingyas. I thank you.

I thank you. I remind the delegations to stay on the limited times. And I next give the floor to the Philippines.

Thank you, Madam Chair. Myanmar is an integral part of the ASEAN family. Upholding the rights and welfare of its people remains a top priority for the Philippines and the whole of ASEAN. As chair of ASEAN this year, the Philippines is firmly committed to assisting Myanmar forge a peaceful and lasting solution to the crisis, consistent with ASEAN's five-point consensus. In pursuing this important task, we acknowledge that meaningful political progress can only be achieved in an environment of peace, security and inclusivity, supported by a cessation of hostilities and dialogue among all relevant stakeholders. We recognize the urgency of the humanitarian crisis in Myanmar, including the situation of the Rohingyas and the other minority groups, and the imperative for ASEAN to do more to alleviate human suffering. We will thus redouble our efforts to ensure the continuous delivery of scaled-up humanitarian assistance without discrimination through the AHA Center and by leveraging ASEAN's partnership. Nationally, in line with our enduring humanitarian tradition, we are implementing the C-Path program for Rohingyas, providing them a legal pathway for admission and stay in our country through education. In closing, the Philippines will continue to work with international partners to help pave the way for the realization of deeply held aspirations of the sovereign people of Myanmar for peace, democracy, and development. Thank you.

I thank you.

And I next give the floor to India.

Madam Vice President, we thank the Assistant Secretary General for the oral update. We have repeatedly expressed concern in the Council over the deteriorating humanitarian and security situation in Myanmar, and have consistently called for immediate cessation of violence, release of political detainees, provision of humanitarian assistance, and restoration of normalcy. We reiterate our call today as an immediate neighbor and a friend of the people of Myanmar, and continue to accord the highest priority to the restoration of peace and stability there. We remain concerned over the impact that this precarious situation has had along our shared border in the form of influx of thousands of persons into our northeastern states, as well as an increase in transnational crimes of drugs and human trafficking. India remains steadfast in its support to Myanmar's transition towards inclusive federal democracy and to the need for arriving at peaceful solutions that are Myanmar-led and Myanmar-owned. Whether it is humanitarian assistance as a first responder during national disasters or supporting infrastructure development, India has consistently prioritized people-centric initiatives, not just as a neighbor, but as a development partner of Myanmar. We therefore call on the international community to work together to support the people of Myanmar and facilitate a return to peace. We continue to coordinate closely with ASEAN under the Five-Point Consensus, while supporting the UN Secretary-General's efforts in this regard. Thank you.

I thank you.

And next, I give the floor to Gambia.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. The Gambia aligns itself with the statement delivered on behalf of the OIC, and thanks the Assistant Secretary-General for the comprehensive update. We remain deeply concerned by the escalating armed conflict in Myanmar, coupled with the persistent dehumanization and violation of the.

Basic rights of the Rohingya minority.

We reiterate the urgent need for cessation of hostilities, unimpeded humanitarian access, and meaningful accountability for serious human rights violations. Such accountability efforts must be grounded in a victim-centered approach that prioritizes the dignity and meaningful participation of victims and restorative justice measures. The Gambia reiterates its continued commitment to the proceedings before the International Court of Justice under the Genocide Convention and urges the Myanmar authorities to respect the Court's provisional measures. The international community must also ensure full compliance with these measures as well as the safe, dignified and voluntary return of the Rohingya. Madam Vice-President, in the light of the protracted nature of this crisis, could the High Commissioner elaborate on concrete steps that may be taken to operationalize a victim-centered approach to accountability in Myanmar? Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Indonesia.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. We thank the HCD for the oral update. We remain deeply concerned by the persistent violence in Myanmar, which continues harming civilians, including Rohingya Muslims and other minorities. It is alarming that their plight is compounded by the involvement of transnational organized crime, which exploits their vulnerabilities through cross-border abuses. The declining international attention and assistance have further undermined the fulfillment of their basic rights. In this regard, the international community must not shy away from its responsibility to ensure the protection and safety of all Myanmar people. We therefore renew our call on all stakeholders to strengthen coordinated, predictable, and sustainable assistance for the forcibly displaced persons in and from Myanmar. International aid must be scaled up and reach the affected communities both within and beyond Myanmar borders equitably. On our part, Indonesia remains steadfast in pushing for tangible progress in Myanmar to ensure stability, protection, and dignity for the Rohingya people through the full and effective implementation of ASEAN's Five-Point Consensus. We stress the voices of Rohingya Muslims and other minorities alongside other communities of Myanmar society are indispensable to achieving a durable and inclusive resolution to the crisis in Myanmar. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to North Macedonia.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President.

We thank for the oral update by the Assistant Secretary-General on the situation with Rohingya and other minorities in Myanmar. As a multi-ethnic and multi-religious state, North Macedonia attaches great importance to the minority rights and freedoms. We remain concerned about the plight of the Rohingya minority in Myanmar, who continue to face discrimination, statelessness, and serious human rights violations. North Macedonia remains deeply concerned by the ongoing reports that the military and ethnic armed groups continue to commit the most atrocious crimes and serious violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, including indiscriminate attacks against civilians and essential infrastructure. We condemn the repression and violence committed by the military during the last elections. We recall that accountability for current and past atrocity must be taken and guarantees of safe, voluntary, dignified and sustainable return of refugees must be in line with international law. Recalling victims' testimonies, activists' calls, and debate during the high-level UN conference in New York on Rohingya minorities, we stress the importance of supporting international accountability mechanisms, including evidence preservation efforts, to ensure that justice remains attainable for victims, especially Rohingya and other minorities. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Iran.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. The Islamic Republic of Iran aligns itself with the statement delivered on behalf of the OIC. We reiterate our concern regarding the protracted and multifaceted human rights challenges faced by Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar. This deeply troubling situation requires urgent consideration through coordinated national, regional, and international efforts. The ongoing crisis, further exacerbated by natural disasters, has compelled thousands of Rohingya to seek refuge in neighboring countries. The sharp rise in humanitarian needs, together with reduction in food assistance for Rohingya shelters, demands immediate and sustained international attention and support. Madam President, the Islamic Republic of Iran underscores the necessity The necessity of achieving durable and sustainable solutions through the creation of conditions conducive to the voluntary, safe, and dignified return of displaced Rohingya to their homeland. Addressing the structural root cause of displacement, including issues related to citizenship, equal protection under the.

Law, and discriminatory policies, is essential.

In this regard, we reiterate the urgent need to review and reform the 1982 citizenship law and to repeal other discriminatory legislation to ensure access to citizenship. The Islamic Republic of Iran supports constructive efforts, those undertaken by the OIC and OSCE, and appreciates host countries assisting Rohingya refugees. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Bulgaria.

Thank you, Madam Chair. Bulgaria aligns itself with the EU statement. We would like to thank the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights for his update. Bulgaria remains profoundly concerned by the deepening human rights crisis in Myanmar. The electoral process in Myanmar in December 25 and January 26 showed that international standards for free and fair elections were not met. Regrettably, The three phases of voting were marked by intimidation, coercion, arrests and sentences for those who criticized the elections or did not participate. Bulgaria is gravely concerned that in Myanmar, millions of people are in need of assistance and over 3 million are internally displaced, subjected to air strikes, artillery shelling and other forms of violence. Bulgaria is worried about the continuing gross human rights violations and abuses perpetrated against persons belonging to the Rohingya and other ethnic and religious groups by the security and armed forces of Myanmar. It is deplorable that conditions still remain unfavourable for the safe, voluntary, sustainable and dignified return of internally displaced persons and refugees. Bulgaria reiterates its call for an immediate ceasefire and the release of all political prisoners in Myanmar. We urge for a constructive, inclusive and peaceful dialogue between all stakeholders aimed at restoring democracy and the rule of law in the country. We reiterate our call for full, safe and unhindered access of humanitarian assistance. Bulgaria encourages ASEAN's efforts to improve the situation in Myanmar, supports the ASEAN five-point consensus, and welcomes the work of the ASEAN Special Envoy for Myanmar in close cooperation with the Special Envoy of the UN Secretary-General. We support the UN.

Thank you. And next, I give the floor to Vietnam.

Madam Vice President, Vietnam takes note of the latest updates on Myanmar and remains concerned that the situation continues to evolve in a complex manner, with impacts on the lives and well-being of the people of Myanmar. Vietnam supports and stands ready to contribute to all efforts aimed at de-escalating tensions, promoting national reconciliation, and advancing an inclusive and peaceful solution that is Myanmar-owned and Myanmar-led. Vietnam reaffirms that our country and ASEAN will continue to play an active role in supporting efforts to address the crisis in Myanmar. In this regard, the five-point consensus remains the main reference and guiding framework for ASEAN engagement. In 2026, Vietnam will continue to work closely with the Philippines as ASEAN Chair and with other ASEAN member states to promote dialogue, reconciliation, and confidence building, and provide humanitarian assistance to the people of Myanmar in coordination with the ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management. I thank you.

I thank you.

And next, I give the floor to Jordan.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. The delegation of Jordan thanks the Human Rights Council for the update on the human rights situation in Myanmar. The reports on violence, the exodus, the deterioration of humanitarian situation gives rise to great concern, and this includes regarding the Rohingya Muslims and other minorities. After years since the crisis began, the deep-rooted causes are still in place. Madam Vice-President, the guaranteed protection of all members of society, including the rights to citizenship, equality, freedom of religion and conscience and conviction, are fundamental responsibilities that cannot be put aside. The true situation reigns And there must be an input to this discrimination. What the Rohingya are going through shows that we do need to remain united. We can't prevent crises attacking on the repercussions. We must address the deep root causes. There must be peace, and we call for a global solution that guarantees the equal rights to all citizens in Myanmar.

The floor to Malaysia.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. Malaysia thanks Assistant Secretary-General for the oral update. The situation in Myanmar, particularly the Rakhine State, continues to deteriorate. Rohingya Muslims and other minorities continue to face multifaceted challenges after enduring decades of discrimination, exclusion, and violence. Malaysia underscores the importance of addressing the root causes of the Rohingya crisis. As affirmed during high level conference in New York last September, the crisis requires a sustainable, inclusive, and peaceful solution that necessitates constructive dialogue in good faith. The cycle of impunity must end, and accountability and justice must be pursued. We call on Myanmar to create a conducive environment for the safe, dignified, voluntary, and sustainable return of Rohingya Muslims and other minorities. The authorities in Myanmar must also ensure unimpeded humanitarian access, allowing for aid delivery to people in during the conflict. Malaysia continues to support ASEAN's ongoing efforts in Myanmar, including the full implementation of the Five-Point Consensus. We further urge enhanced cooperation with the UN and this Council's mechanisms. The people of Myanmar, including the Rohingya Muslims and other minorities, deserve a future grounded in equality, citizenship, human rights, and dignity. Malaysia remains committed to supporting all efforts that advance these objectives in a meaningful and sustained manner. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Australia.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. Australia remains deeply concerned by the worsening humanitarian and security situation faced by Rohingyas. Civilians and civilian infrastructure continue to be targeted with ongoing human rights abuses, systematic sexual and gender-based violence, and forced recruitment. The campaign of violence against Rohingyas must stop. Facing mass displacement and untold suffering, more Rohingyas are driven to undertake dangerous sea voyages. We have committed 1.26 billion Australian dollars in humanitarian assistance to Myanmar and Bangladesh since 2017, including a new three-year program worth 370 million. Australia's Minister for Foreign Affairs, the Honourable Penny Wong, and Minister for International Development, the Honourable Dr. Anne Aly, have both visited Cox's Bazar in Bangladesh. They have seen firsthand the life-saving assistance being provided and the resilience of the 1.2 million Rohingyas residing there in temporary shelters. We thank Bangladesh and others for hosting those displaced. Australia stands with the Rohingya, including their right to return to Myanmar as citizens. Their return, when it is safe to do so, should be voluntary, dignified and sustainable. What more can be done to improve humanitarian access to help us all alleviate suffering in Rakhine State? Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Cyprus.

Madam Vice President, Cyprus aligns itself with the EU statement and thanks the Assistant Secretary General for her update. Five years following the military coup, we remain deeply alarmed by the continued deterioration of the human rights situation in Myanmar, particularly the 5.2 million people facing displacement and nearly 22 million in need of humanitarian assistance, many of which belonging to Rohingya and other minorities. We're also seriously alarmed by reports of military perpetrated airstrikes during the recent electoral process, demonstrating disregard for civilian life and the fundamental rights and freedoms that define it. Since November 2023, fighting in Rakhine has escalated, with Rohingya being targeted from all sides. Cyprus calls for the immediate cessation of all violence against civilians, including Rohingya, and regrets the shrinking of civic space, entrenching polarisation and undermining prospects for a meaningful democratic transition.

We also reiterate support to UN.

Mechanisms, including the Special Rapporteur and the IIMM, which aim to strengthen accountability for violations in Myanmar. In this context of continued targeting of civilians, including Rohingya, what can the international community do to support these international accountability mechanisms and to ensure that they contribute to restoring trust and democratic governance in Myanmar? I thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Kuwait.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. The delegation of my country would like to associate itself with the statement of our regional group. We should like to express our appreciation for the international efforts aimed at protecting the Rohingya, as well as other minorities. We are greatly concerned over the deterioration of the humanitarian situation in Rakhine, as well as that which the Rohingya Muslims endure. This is a grave, serious, a grave human rights violation. We, our situation, recognized interpreter, the exodus, the hate speech, and the incitation of violence requires a rapid response from the international community. My country reiterates that it is important to redouble its efforts, our efforts internationally and regionally, that is, to reach a fair and lasting solution attacking the deep-rooted causes of this crisis, ensuring the inalienable rights of this minority. This would allow for them to return voluntarily and safely to their homes. We call for respect for the principles of the UN Charter and international humanitarian law, ensuring that impunity and revenge be fought, upholding human dignity. It is important to ensure that humanitarian aid arrive unhindered to strengthen the support provided to this country that receives the refugees.

The floor to Poland.

Madam Vice President, Poland aligns itself with the EU statement. We thank the High Commissioner for his update. Five years after the military coup in Myanmar, we are still waiting for any credible sign that the situation of the human rights of the people of Myanmar, notably the ethnic and religious minorities such as Rohingya, can improve. Unfortunately, the voting organized by the military cannot be considered as a legitimate step towards a peaceful transfer of power. The fundamental conditions of free and fair electoral process were not met, and the political repression deepened. We call for the immediate halt of all attacks against civilians, including aerial attacks, and for putting to the end to the prolonged prosecution of minorities, including Rohingya Muslims. Dire situation in the Rakhine state and other parts of the country requires immediate de-escalation of hostilities and unhindered access for the humanitarian aid. As a country that provided a safe haven for refugees from Russian invaded Ukraine, we deeply appreciate the similar assistance provided by Bangladesh to the displaced Rohingya. For them to be able to return safely to their homes, an attacking effort to stop the violence is needed. To that end, the ASEAN Five Points Consensus should be followed, and Poland strongly supports it. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Turkey.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. The security situation in Myanmar has taken a turn for the worse in recent years. We remain concerned about the humanitarian situation in Myanmar arising from the ongoing conflict. The three-phase general elections, which were completed on 25 January under the control of military regime, were not conducted in an inclusive and fully participatory manner across the country. We sincerely hope that the situation in Myanmar will improve. After nearly a decade, the suffering of Rohingya Muslims continues. We call on all parties to respect international law, protect civilians, and allow the unhindered flow of humanitarian aid. As Turkey, we continue our humanitarian assistance and work with international community to alleviate the suffering of the Rohingyas. It is our shared responsibility to advance our efforts towards the safe, voluntary, and dignified return of the Rohingyas to their homeland. For a sustainable solution, it is vital to ensure accountability for the human rights violations against the Rohingyas and other minorities in Myanmar. We support the international legal efforts, including the case before the International Court of Justice brought by Gambia. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Belarus.

Thank you, Madam Deputy President. Regarding the information presented today on the situation in Myanmar, we note that disregarding the voice and position of the Myanmar government is counterproductive. In order to resolve the situation, to ensure the security of the civilian population and the effective functioning of channels for humanitarian assistance, it is important to note the efforts of the government to restore the internal political stability in the country. We note as important steps the recent parliamentary elections, with invitations sent out to international observers, and the first sitting of the newly elected parliament in March. As to the humanitarian aspect, cooperation with ASEAN is important, and we hope that this will continue for those in need. It is our position that pressure should not be exerted against the government, including through unilateral coercive measures. It is only an equal and constructive dialogue with the government that can foster an improvement in the human rights situation on the ground. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Romania.

Romania aligns with the EU statement. We want to thank the Assistant Secretary General for her oral update. The military's atrocities since the coup, which include war crimes and crimes against humanity, escalated over the past year. The junta has wrecked civilian infrastructure, devastated the economy, and dismantled the rule of law. Elections held in December and January were used to strengthen the grip of the military on the political power. The Myanmar authorities have long subjected Rohingya to atrocity crimes, persecution, and deprivation of liberty. This Council must respond to the calls of the civil society and the people of Myanmar, who continue to demand full respect for human rights, accountability, and return to the rule of law and democratic governance. The Council needs to condemn all violations of human rights in the country, call for an end to violence, and encourage renewed regional peace efforts. It also has to strengthen justice and accountability efforts in Myanmar through its own mechanisms and support the critical work of the ICC and ICJ. We urge the OHCHR to also maintain focus on accountability in Myanmar. I thank you, Madam Vice-President.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Spain.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. Spain would like to join the statement from the EU. We appreciate the update from the High Commissioner's Office on the situation in Myanmar. We are following with concern and we condemn the escalation of violence perpetrated by the military authorities against the civilian population. This includes the widespread incendiary attacks, indiscriminate bombarding of people and cities, forced recruitment, arbitrary detention, summary execution torture sexual violence massive displacement and any form of repressed repression we call for an immediate end to the violence and of all human rights violations and with a special attention paid to the situation of the Rohingya and other ethnic minorities in Myanmar we also urge or require the permanent access unhindered access to humanitarian support finally we recall that the any electoral process should be carried out in a manner that is free, fair, transparent, inclusive, and with full respect for human rights. Spain expresses again its solidarity with the people of Myanmar, and we hail the efforts of the UN and ASEAN to bring a peaceful, inclusive solution. We reiterate our support for the work of the Office of the Special Rapporteur and the IMM and the ICJ. Thank you very much. Ms.

TAYLOR: Before it to Japan.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. Thank you, Assistant Secretary General, for your comprehensive update. The continued deterioration of the human rights situation in Myanmar is a matter of grave concern. In particular, indiscriminate acts of violence, including airstrikes targeting civilians and civilian facilities, are unacceptable. Japan calls upon all parties to the conflict to comply with their obligations under international humanitarian law and international human rights law. Japan reiterates its calls on the Myanmar military to take concrete actions to immediately stop the violence, release those detained, and swiftly restore Myanmar's democratic political system. Japan will continue to actively provide humanitarian assistance as well as support aimed at improving people's livelihood, including for persons with disabilities. Furthermore, Japan will continue to stand with the people of Myanmar and actively engage in dialogue with various stakeholders while strengthening efforts to work toward improving the situation in close collaboration with the international community, including ASEAN. I thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to the United Kingdom.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. We are grateful for the High Commissioner's update. We remain deeply concerned by the worsening human rights situation in Myanmar. Violence continues to escalate, including through indiscriminate attacks on civilians, punitive village burnings and forced recruitment. The military's obstruction of humanitarian assistance has pushed communities to the brink of catastrophe. Severe shortages of medicine and food place millions at risk. Rohingya, Rakhine and other minority groups bear the brunt of these actions. Since 2017, the UK has provided over 115 million pounds in assistance to communities in Rakhine, but this support alone is not enough. We call on the military to allow rapid, full, safe and unimpeded humanitarian access to alleviate the dire situation, particularly in Rakhine. Madam Vice-President, the recent military-run elections were neither free nor fair. They do not present a solution to the crisis. We reiterate our support to the ASEAN five-point consensus and the work of the ASEAN and UN special envoys. We urge all parties, especially the Myanmar military, to cease hostilities, respect international law, protect civilians and release all those arbitrarily detained. As penholder at the UN Security Council, the UK is committed to maintaining a spotlight on the crisis and to pressing for accountability in all UN fora. Thank you.

I thank you, and next I give the floor to China.

Madame Vice Chair, China carefully listened to ASG's oral briefing and noted the contributions made by UN agencies, ASEAN, and others to Myanmar's stability and development. The situation in Myanmar is very complex, with internal and external factors intertwined. Fundamentally, it is the country's internal affair. History and reality have shown that only by adhering to the basic principles of international relations, such as sovereign equality and non-interference, can issues be genuinely resolved and rights effectively protected. Pressure and sanctions can only be counterproductive. Discussions in the Council should help advance peace and reconciliation and avoid escalating tensions. As a friendly neighbor, China supports Myanmar in following a development path suited to its national conditions and in safeguarding its sovereignty, security, and development interests, and efforts in post-earthquake reconstruction and improving people's livelihood. We support dialogue and consultation to gradually resolve the issue of returning displaced persons from Rakhine State, and we support all parties in achieving broader support and enduring peace and reconciliation.

Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to the Russian Federation.

Thank you, Madam Deputy President. The efforts to resolve the situation in Myanmar must be based on respect for the principles of sovereignty, non-interference in internal affairs, and equal dialogue. We oppose any efforts to place the full responsibility of the situation on the government. The parliamentary elections that took place were a very important step and ended the state of emergency. A new parliament will begin work. The restoration of the work of the parliament will create a forum for addressing pressing issues. We welcome ASEAN's commitment to facilitate the normalization of the situation within and around the country, including the humanitarian issues. We categorically reject any effort from Western countries to take over ASEAN's leading role in this process. We condemn the practice of a number of states of using multilateral fora such as the Human Rights Council to exert pressure on Myanmar. Unilateral sanctions, politicization of the human rights agenda and attempts at isolation must be condemned and are counterproductive. We call on interested parties to further facilitate a dialogue with the Government and refrain from politicization. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Egypt.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. Egypt fully condemns all violations against the Rohingya minority. We express our regret on the continued tragic situation, according to the international reports. We call upon the Government of Myanmar to take all necessary measures to address violations by providing protection to the Rohingya and finding a sustainable solution to the crisis. We support all efforts at the international and regional levels to operationalize accountability. We call upon the IHSA at SHA and to cooperate with the IOC. the Islamic Cooperation Organization, taking into consideration its vital role. We also highly value the role of Bangladesh and its ongoing efforts, and we call the international community to support Bangladesh in this respect. Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Dominican Republic.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. The Dominican Republic appreciates the oral update from the Special Rapporteur, and we take note of the information presented. We observe with deep concern the ongoing grave restrictions of fundamental freedoms, including limitations to the freedom of movement, access to basic services, and means of subsistence, as well as the ongoing risks of violence and displacement. We are particularly concerned over the situation of the Rohingya communities, who continue to face situations marked by extreme vulnerability, both within the country as in context of displacement. This shows the urgency of moving towards lasting, safe, and dignified solutions. We also take note of the challenges in the area of accountability and the need to ensure a respect for international law and international human rights law and IHL as well. The Dominican Republic encourages authorities to adopt concrete measures to protect the affected populations. We reiterate the importance of ongoing commitment from the international community and the Special Rapporteur's mandate. Thank you very much.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Venezuela.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. Venezuela is closely following the unfolding events in Myanmar. We recognize the challenges that that nation faces. We believe that it is essential that any international support come with strict adherence to principles of sovereignty, territorial integrity, and noninterference. We call for a focus that distances itself from politicization and that respects the inalienable rights of any state to manage their domestic matters without foreign pressure. Venezuela firmly rejects the imposition of mandates that lack the consent of the state concerned and, two, the illegal implementation of UCMs. They have a negative impact on human rights for the population. Venezuela will continue to encourage efforts that lead to peace and national reconciliation in Myanmar. urging political dialogue as an essential path toward the resolution of differences in this country. Thank you.

Thank you.

This was the last speaker on the list. We will now turn to the list of speakers for our national human rights institutions and nongovernmental organizations. And I give the floor to Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development.

We are deeply alarmed by escalating abuses against Rohingya communities in Rakhine State. Myanmar military and Arakan Army have systematically forced Rohingya men and women into recruitment, arresting individuals almost daily from villages and urban areas. Young Rohingya aged 20 to 35 are in hiding or attempting to flee. Those intercepted are taken to ARK army training camps against their will. A disturbing pattern of sexual and gender-based violence has emerged alongside forced recruitment. Women detained by ARK army have reportedly been raped, physically abused, and exploited. For ransom fear of retaliation prevents many from speaking out, reinforcing a climate of impunity. Such abuses are driving desperate to flee in 1 recent incident. More than 50 drawn at sea. The situation is compounded by acute food shortages during Ramadan. These patterns of abuses reflect systematic persecution and continuation of genocide against Rohingya. We welcome the ongoing judicial processes at the ICJ, ICC, and Argentinian courts to hold Myanmar military accountable for genocide against Rohingya. However, unless both Myanmar military and Arkanami are held to account, including through targeted sanctions against its leadership, Rohingya will continue to suffer. Attempts at private dialogue with Arkanami have only emboldened them. and entrench its impunity. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to CHIN Human Rights Organization. They are apparently absent. So next, I give the floor to Human Rights Research League.

President, the situation facing the Rohingya is not improving. It is entering a more dangerous phase. In Rakhine State, the Rohingya civilians are again trapped between armed actors as the Arakan Army expands control. Communities report forced recruitment, killings, village burnings, arbitrary detention and sexual violence. Movement is restricted, humanitarian access is blocked, food shortages are severe, starvation is being weaponised, young men are disappearing. Last year, I met Rohingya adolescents who survived deadly sea journeys after fleeing genocide. One young man told me he still hears his mother's voice as she drowned when their boat capsized. He asked, "I survived, but what future do I have?" In Cox's Bazar, more than 1 million Rohingya remain confined. Accountability has not arrived. Impunity has evolved. We urge Member States to ensure accountability for all perpetrators, including the Myanmar military and the Rakhine and army, restore humanitarian funding, expand resettlement pathways, and meaningfully include Rohingya voices in all political processes.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Edmund Rice International Limited.

Madam Vice President, the Rohingya continue to endure severe persecution in Myanmar, including violence, systemic discrimination, forced labor and recruitment, arbitrary detention, restrictions on movement, education, healthcare, and political participation. Denied citizenship and official recognition as an ethnic group, they remain effectively stateless and excluded from national processes. Ongoing armed conflict in Rakhine State impacts the Rohingya and obstructs humanitarian aid. The state stands on the brink of unprecedented disaster. Hundreds of thousands of Rohingya are internally displaced and over 150,000 have fled to Bangladesh in the past 20 months, bringing the total refugee population to approximately 1.2 million. Aid cuts have deepened the humanitarian crisis. Across Myanmar, 8.5 million people face moderate to severe food insecurity, including 1.7 million in the Rakhine and the Southeast. Refugee camps in Bangladesh, India, and Thailand have also been severely affected, increasing pressure for premature voluntary repatriation and forced return. Conditions in Myanmar are not safe for return. At the same time, progress towards accountability offers hope. Public hearings in the genocide case filed by the Gambia against Myanmar in January marked an important step toward justice. We urge increased humanitarian assistance and access to Rakhine State, recognition of the Rohingya as an ethnic group, their inclusion in national dialogue and full citizenship rights, and sustained international legal action to ensure accountability and reparation for atrocities committed. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Legal Action Worldwide.

Madam vice-president, excellencies, we thank the assistant secretary-general for the update. Last month, Legal Action Worldwide accompanied a delegation of Rohingya witnesses from the camps in Cox's Bazar to the International Court of Justice in The Hague. They testified at the merits hearings in the genocide case brought by the Gambia against Myanmar for atrocities committed during the 2017 clearance operations. For three weeks, the court was presented with overwhelming evidence of the Myanmar military's genocidal operations. Witness NJ shared how soldiers stabbed and threw her infant child onto a fire. Witness MN, the sole survivor of a mass execution of more than 80 men, described these piles of bodies, including those of his elderly father and his eight-year-old nephew. Witness Ms. told the court how his daughter was shot in the back while fleeing the military's attack. By allowing these testimonies, the court demonstrated an important fact. When states have the courage to act by utilising justice pathways, when front-line defenders and UN bodies are able to collect evidence and when victims and survivors bravely come forward, accountability and reparations are not theoretical but real, attainable outcomes. Justice and accountability for the Rohingya and other ethnic groups in Myanmar are within reach. Given the increasing violence against ethnic minorities throughout Myanmar, what more should the council do to ensure that victims' testimonies are safely and promptly collected so that grave violations and crimes are properly documented and prosecuted? Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Juventum e.V.

Mr. President, Juventum is honored to participate. Five years after the military coup in Myanmar, the civilian death toll is continuously rising. The junta's military-controlled election has only deepened the division and the repression. We commend the progress made by the Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar in identifying alleged perpetrators of atrocity crimes, despite the great difficulties in accessibility. These efforts must be matched by decisive international action. We urge member states to expand targeted sanctions, pursue universal jurisdiction, and support pathways to justice. But justice must be paired with hope. Myanmar's youth are being conscripted, displaced, or forced to flee. Many have lost access to education and opportunity. We call on the United Nations and the member states to invest in digital learning, vocational training, and psychosocial support, especially for youth in exile and the conflict zones. The future Myanmar deserves a far more inclusive and resilient democracy than ever before. The international community must stand with the people of Myanmar, not only to end impunity, but to help build A future rooted in justice, unity, and opportunity. Thank you very much for your attention.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to International Lawyers Work for a joint statement.

Thank you.

We thank the High Commissioner for the oral update on the situation in Myanmar. We are deeply concerned with the ongoing genocide being committed by Myanmar's military junta. The junta continues to bomb the Rohingya people, raid and burn villages, and organize gang rapes, mass killings, and genocides. In December 2025, an airstrike on a hospital killed at least 33 civilians. Just weeks later, 21 mourners were killed at a funeral ceremony. These are not accidents. These are deliberate acts of terror against a civilian population that refuses to submit. Over 22 political prisoners remain behind bars, and at least 3.6 million people have been driven from their homes. People have been arrested simply for exercising their freedom of speech, infringing upon customary international human rights law. and yet not a single general has faced justice. We urge this council and all relevant UN bodies to support the immediate implementation of sanctions on the military, including imposing a global binding arms and fuel embargo, and to fulfill its mandate to its fullest capacity. We also ask the international community to support the ICC proceedings and put an end to this impunity. We cannot stand by while a military commits genocide on its own people without remorse nor consequences. Silence is not neutrality. Silence is complicity.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Christian Solidarity Worldwide.

Thank you, Mr. President. Five years since the 2021 coup, Myanmar remains a human rights and humanitarian catastrophe. The citizens of Myanmar explicitly denounced the elections conducted between December 2025 and January 2026, describing them as coercive and unjust. Amid the election period, the military's campaign of airstrikes and ground offenses surges in Sagaing, Magway, Rakhine, Kachin, and Karen states. The military has deliberately targeted schools, hospitals, and churches, resulting in the deaths of dozens of civilians, including at least 22 Christians attending funeral ceremonies in Kachin State. These calculated attacks prove that the election was a cynical attempt to legitimize military rule rather than a genuine democratic transition. Accountability is urgent. As the ICJ hears testimony from Rohingya survivors, we are witnessing a resurgence of state-sponsored hate speech. On 28 January, ultranationalists in Yangon publicly threatened to wipe out the Rohingya if they attempted to return. This coordinated incitement by extremist monks and military-affiliated media proves that the intent behind the genocide remains active. We therefore urge Member States to support efforts to hold the military accountable, including the universal jurisdiction cases filed in Timor-Leste and Argentina, and the ongoing ICJ genocide proceedings, and to impose a global arms embargo to stop these deadly strikes on civilian infrastructure. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Amnesty International.

Madam Vice President, Myanmar is once again at a crossroads. Following the junta-managed elections that took place in three rounds ending in January, it appears that Senior General Min Aung Hlaing is positioning himself as a future civilian leader. But this must not stand in the way of accountability. This general is the same person for whom prosecutors at the International Criminal Court have requested an arrest warrant for allegedly overseeing the crimes against humanity of deportation and persecution against the Rohingya in late 2017. The same person whose air force continues to bomb civilians while maintaining access to international supplies of jet fuel despite sanctions. States must not overlook the Myanmar military's entrenched pattern of grave human rights violations, the suffering it has inflicted across the country, and the responsibility of leaders who direct it all far from the battlefield. The Rohingya, once mainly targeted by the Myanmar military, now face forced labor and other serious abuses under the Arakan Army. Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh, meanwhile, face alarming rates of kidnapping and stepped-up recruitment by Rohingya gangs and armed groups. At this critical juncture, we ask this Council to urge UN Member States to take all possible measures towards holding all actors, including the Myanmar military and their leadership, accountable for crimes under international law. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to CIVICUS, World Alliance for Citizen Participation.

Then, Civicus remains deeply concerned about the serious crimes committed by the junta following the coup, including the arbitrary detention and conviction of thousands of activists after unfair trials, torture in detention, indiscriminate attacks and killings of civilians. In Rakhine State, civil society has continued to document attacks by both the junta and the Arakan Army, resulting in the killings of civilians, enforced disappearances, torture and ill-treatment, displacement and arbitrary deprivation of liberty. Due to military blockades, humanitarian remained severely restricted and basic needs such as food, medicine and shelter are largely unmet. Repressive tactics escalated in Myanmar around the recent sham elections as voters were coerced and activists criminalized for their criticism or protests. Elections rallies were banned while journalists reported press freedom restrictions. Despite this, activists and civil society inside and in exile have continued to organize and resist. CIVICUS urged the international community to stand in solidarity with civil society and take serious steps to end the atrocities, especially in Rakhine State, work with civil society to ensure humanitarian access to displaced persons, and ensure accountability through all available international legal avenues. We further call on all countries, especially in the Asian region, to reject the sham elections, work towards the release of all activists, and to restore genuine democracy. We thank you.

Thank you.

This was the last speaker on the list. I now give the floor to Assistant Secretary-General for her concluding remarks.

Thank you very much, Madam Vice President, and I'm very grateful for all the statements and inputs. I think they show a very high level of concern and reconfirm the importance of having this exchange and the focus, indeed, as many of you reminded us, how do we maintain the attention to the situation in Myanmar on human rights? And I think that's one of the primary things, and some initially, I know some mentioned that there is a that maybe there are moments where attention is focused in so many other situations and so many other conflicts that maybe it is losing the attention we need to have in all of our global multilateral fora. I think this is one of the discussion, of course, that shows that the attention is there. And I also, having serving in on my post in New York, I would say that the same also goes there. It is an opportunity to make sure that there is also the connection between Geneva and New York and that the information feeds on its other and the inputs that we have from the various reports and also the discussions. Certainly, there is the question of how really to support the people of Myanmar, was put at first. And obviously, it is this call that many made already, asking for immediate absolute compliance by the military and all parties with the UN Security Council Resolution 2669, that includes cessation of hostilities, of course, liberation of those arbitrarily detained, and unhindered humanitarian access, which also brought up by many of you. As we know, humanitarian access has in fact been deteriorating and not improving, so the urgency of that call is really even more important right now. It is also the opportunities, and I can link that maybe to the question of the opportunities to de-escalate, because part of this was when we saw what happened after last March earthquake that was so devastating, that there was a call for a cessation of violence. There was a real sense that there would be a common purpose on that urgent humanitarian response that was needed, but as we know, sadly, the military chose that period after the earthquake instead as an opportunity to ramp up the aerial bombardments that many of you have mentioned on civilian locations. And that really was a lost opportunity that should have been there that could have led to an engagement that could be also de-escalating it. The same with the election period that many have commented on.

It could have been used.

As a time for de-escalation, inclusion, outreach, but instead the campaign continued, as you know, and as we have here heard with the airstrikes that were more than 400 during the election period itself. We have the Cooperation as well, the attention at the international, I think the very important point that was made on the collaboration internationally and also at the regional level, ASEAN and the fine point consensus was mentioned by many. I think that the opportunity of making sure As there is, in fact, a collaboration also with the Secretary General, special envoy, part of these are the political context of reaching out, the questions concerning of what can be done there with political actors. I would argue, in support of all of this, that there is room for having this human rights discussion as part of that. It should be part and parcel of those engagements. In fact, you will have heard the High Commissioner earlier today in his global update that we are working also in various situations, which may be in the future, could also be here, that there is a way of looking at a situation for building confidence, confidence-building measures through human rights that of of course, has not been developed yet, but just not to forget that linkage to the human rights, again, linking up with the political and also security situation. We do have, obviously, with the focus on the protection of civilians, and that's a very, very absolute and immediate concern, of course, that we have here. We also had the question of what really could be the, what member states could do and what forms of pressures would be most effective. There, of course, is the engagement overall. The accountability comes also, more broadly speaking, through the discussions that we're having because the information has to reach out to this forum here, to this council, but also internationally, generally. But there are, of course, also concrete steps. The states with influence clearly have a special role and special responsibility. And I was glad to hear many ASEAN members making the point as well of the engagement that is there. But again, I would urge the collaboration also with the UN actors, the coordination, the coherence in the approach, of course, in the outreach would be very important. But there are concrete measures that certainly could be taken as well, particularly when we see a military that still gets arms and finances that go directly into this situation of repression. To cut those, to cut those flows would of course be a very strong immediate measure that also helps to press for making clear that there needs to be a broader, more democratic and inclusive political solution that has to be found. It does mean that it needs to include the democratic movement, all of the interlocutors, women, young people, and obviously also representatives, directly representatives of the Rohingya and other ethnic minorities as well. We clearly need the information that we are following. The access was mentioned on the humanitarian access concerns. That one, as we know and as I mentioned, clearly is even more of a concern, has gotten worse and not better. So I think there we need to look at more creative approaches to humanitarian assistance across the borders. They channel the humanitarian assistance through local governance, through structures, particularly in the ethnic areas, of course, to make sure that we have those actors who actually have the reach and how we can engage on that. But clearly, this also has to do with the funding, the funding that is needed, and there are shortfalls. And we also heard already, and I would fully agree with the need to support to Bangladesh hosting Rohingya and making sure that that stepping up on the humanitarian assistance as it needed across the board. Then many different aspects of accountability were raised, and that is, of course, something that is absolutely essential to this office as well, to the High Commissioner, and we all are saying they cannot be, the impunity has to stop, but also it's a longer term perspective. There is the immediate sense of what needs to be done, but also building the documentation and the evidence that.

Needs to be there for the longer term processes.

We certainly, as we heard and as I had in my brief introduction, the ICJ case that is being considered on its merits right now, brought by the Gambia, is clearly a big development that we all are following very closely and should be supported. And I was very glad, impressed by hearing also from Legal Action NGO that the accompaniment of Rohingya because it was the first time where there was a direct evidence given by Rohingya in the Hague itself. And there is, of course, it's one thing to document and making sure and under difficult circumstances of access that has its own challenges, but it can be done and needs even more attention, but also this direct evidence that is there. But this example that we heard from our NGO participants also shows the need for that support for that kind of work, including supporting civil society in their important role of this. But I would, of course, also say that all of the monitoring done, and you mentioned the mechanisms created also by this council, but certainly also our own office, the office for the High Commissioner for Human Rights, we will continue to monitor and do what we can, but clearly there is a need for support in all of these areas for accountability to be effective. Beyond the ICJ, there is also the question of universal jurisdiction that was raised, and clearly we have had over the last year several examples in different areas of the world where this is increasingly becoming an effective way of ensuring accountability when the domestic routes to accountability are not accessible. But I also would like to stress that we know in this situation the grave violations and abuses that have been taking now over a long period of time. And the not only tensions, but the genuine conflict and suffering inside society and the suffering of people means that there will be a long road towards real accountability and also towards really coming together as a country again. We have in that regard work and building on lessons we have from other countries. We are engaging on work on transitional justice in many parts where the, when the opportunity shifts so that that's a way forward to work on. And I think that already now, if we have that perspective from a longer term accountability and creating an inclusive and democratic society, there is an opportunity to already now start that work by engaging with all stakeholders, engaging also within Myanmar, but also certainly those who operate from outside to make sure that that preparation and the capacity is already the understanding of what transitional justice with all its four elements will mean. We do have, of course, the criminal accountability is always part of the package of transitional justice, but we do need the truth element as well. There will be a lot of there, as we know, we have many people have been, are disappeared. We have many situations where we certainly already now can't have access to the information of what has happened that will need to come there into the future. There has to be remedies and compensation in whichever forms that will be contextually relevant to the people, of course, themselves engaged in the processes. and very importantly, the non-repetition side of it. This is of course linking into many elements that underlie the conflict, the root causes of it over time. But it's also true that we, and many of you mentioned the need to break the cycle of impunity. And this really is a longer term process where we will need also to engage in the transitional justice elements when we get there. So I am very privileged to have been able to have this discussion and dialogue with you, but certainly all of our office and the High Commissioner will continue to work very clearly with the focus also on this very important file and issues. Thank you.

Thank you very much.

This brings us to the end of this enhanced interactive dialogue. I wish to thank Ms. Ilse Braem-Skerris, Assistant Secretary General for Human Rights, for her participation. And we will now take a short break again before proceeding to the presentation of reports and oral updates under item two. Excellencies, distinguished participants, we shall now proceed with the presentation of the Office of the High Commissioner on his report on the question of human rights in Cyprus and the activities of the High Commissioner's Office in Colombia, in Guatemala and in Honduras. We shall also hear the Secretary-General's oral update on the establishment of an ongoing independent investigative mechanism on international crimes and the most serious violations of international law committed in Afghanistan. It is my honour to give the floor to Ms Ilse Bants-Keris, Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights, for her presentation. You have the floor.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President, Excellencies, Distinguished Delegates.

Indeed, I am here to present a series of those reports that were just mentioned by the Vice-President.

So, first, I will start with the

Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights report on the human rights situation in Colombia.

The full implementation of the peace agreement, grounded in dialogue across all sectors and levels of society, remains the most direct path to lasting peace in Colombia. However, non-state armed groups and criminal organizations continue to undermine the peace process, expanding and consolidating their control. Many regions face persistent violence and hostilities that violate people's rights, and a disproportionate impact on indigenous peoples, people of African descent, and peasant communities. High homicide rates continue to threaten public safety, while those who defend human rights are themselves increasingly targeted. In 2025, we verified 99 killings of human rights defenders and 53 massacres that claimed a total of 174 lives. We also documented 32 killings of political leaders. Such violence risks eroding the hard-won gains achieved under the peace process. To safeguard this progress and the rights of the Colombian people, it is essential that the government prioritizes prevention, the protection of civilians and human rights defenders, and the autonomy and security of ethno-territorial communities. It also requires stronger coordination between national and territorial authorities to ensure the effective implementation of peace, security, and drug policies. A transition to a formal economy is central to curbing illicit activities and accelerating territorial development. This requires greater investment in economic opportunities that are both inclusive and environmentally sustainable. We welcome some positive steps taken last year to advance the rule of law, accountability, and transitional justice. Notably, the government adopted a comprehensive policy on enforced disappearances. The Special Jurisdiction for Peace delivered its first rulings, a significant step towards accountability for crimes committed during the conflict. The new National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security will be instrumental in ensuring that all these efforts are inclusive of Colombian women. In light of the report's findings, the High Commissioner for Human Rights calls upon the Government to ensure the full implementation of the peace agreement as a central policy of the State. To guarantee the safe and meaningful participation of civil society, ethnic authorities, and human rights defenders in all peace-related discussions and decisions. To ensure peaceful and inclusive congressional and presidential elections in 2026, including through the protection of civil and political rights and the safety of political leaders and candidates. To take steps to prevent and end the recruitment and use of child soldiers, place children's rights at the forefront of negotiations with armed groups, and take all possible precautions to protect children during military operations against these groups. The High Commissioner urges all non-state actors to cease the recruitment of children and immediately release those previously recruited. He calls on the government and the international community to provide adequate financial and political support to organizations working to advance human rights in Colombia. This includes our country office, which has been drastically affected by funding cuts, resulting in a 50% reduction in staff and the closure of three field offices. We welcome Colombia's continued support for multilateralism and its constructive engagement with human rights mechanisms. Madam Vice-President, I will now next turn to our report on Guatemala. We recognize the continued commitment of the government to respect and uphold human rights and the rule of law. It maintained high-level dialogue with indigenous authorities and concluded new territorial agreements with indigenous communities. In addition, it established a presidential commission tasked with resolving land disputes and preventing forced evictions. We particularly welcome the adoption of a public policy for the protection of human rights defenders, which provides a concrete framework to ensure they can carry out their critical work in safety. The authorities are also developing national plans to recognize and provide reparations to victims of the internal armed conflict and to advance the search for disappeared persons. The adoption of a national youth policy will help safeguard the rights of young people and ensure their inclusion in efforts to build peaceful and just communities. We welcome the Government's openness to constructive engagement with our Office, the Special Procedures and treaty bodies. However, we remain concerned about the continued violations of the rights of women and indigenous peoples, as well as persistent challenges to defending human rights. We documented some 1,500 attacks against human rights defenders, journalists, and justice officials, including criminalization, intimidation, and threats. It is particularly troubling that some of these attacks were allegedly carried out by state actors. The Public Prosecution Service and some parts of the judiciary have continued to instrumentalize criminal law against human rights defenders, former justice officials, and representatives of civil society. In this context, we also note the ongoing selection processes for justices of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Electoral Tribunal, as well as for the Attorney General and the head of the Public Prosecution Service. These processes present a vital opportunity to strengthen the rule of law and to enhance institutional integrity. It is essential that they are conducted in accordance with international standards, ensuring transparency and objectivity, and enabling the election of candidates who demonstrate integrity, competence, and independence. The situation of indigenous peoples remains concerning. They continue to face discrimination and barriers to justice, including those related to language and geographic isolation. Indigenous leaders who took part in peaceful demonstrations for democracy and the rule of law in 2023 continue to be criminalized simply for exercising their rights. Gender-based violence remains pervasive. Last year alone, the authorities recorded some 26,300 cases of violence against women, including more than 9,300 cases of sexual violence and over 600 possible femicides. 29 violent deaths were reportedly linked to sexual orientation and gender identity. We have also documented illegal forced evictions, some of which were implemented violently. Our Office values its continued engagement with various state institutions, indigenous authorities, and civil society in the country, and reiterates its commitment to supporting them as they work to promote and to protect the rights of all Guatemalans. Madam Vice-President, I will now turn to my Office's report on the human rights situation in Honduras. General elections were held in the country in November 2025 under a state of emergency, which has been in place since December 2022. We welcome the decision not to extend the state of emergency. The adoption of a comprehensive security policy that ensures security measures are aligned with the rule of law and human rights is an essential next step in addressing the underlying causes of insecurity and violence in the country. Serious deficiencies persist in the investigation and prosecution of human rights violations and abuses. Various specialized prosecutors' offices are carrying out these investigations without effective coordination. This results in undue delays in the filing of charges, incomplete investigations, and revictimization, leading to many cases never resolved. Members of the National Police and Military Police, as well as criminal organizations, continued to criminalize, threaten, and harass human rights defenders and subject them to smear campaigns. In 2025, the Office documented 17 killings of defenders of environmental and land rights, as well as journalists, attributed to criminal organizations. This represents a significant increase compared to 2024, when seven violent deaths were documented. The National Protection System for Human Rights Defenders, journalists, social communicators and justice operators continues to face significant challenges in protecting human rights defenders and journalists. These include the lack of adequate and timely information shared with human rights defenders about the protection measures granted, as well as allegations of leaks of sensitive information. During the reporting period, the Office documented eight cases of enforced disappearances, five cases of torture and ill-treatment, three extrajudicial executions, two deaths in custody, and six arbitrary detentions, all attributable to military and police forces. Most of the violations were carried out under the broad discretionary powers given to the military and police under the state of emergency. Despite falling more than 10% in 2025 compared to 2024, Honduras still has one of the highest homicide rates in the region. Honduras continues to record high levels of inequality, extreme poverty, and poverty. According to official sources, in 2024, almost 63% of households were living in poverty and some 40% in extreme poverty. Structural challenges include the absence of a unified registry for municipal, agrarian, and national cadastral records, which are hindering access to land for rural communities, indigenous, and Afro-Honduran peoples. The High Commissioner for Human Rights makes the following recommendations. First, as mentioned earlier, the adoption of a comprehensive citizen security strategy. The strategy should contain measures for the prevention of crime and for independent oversight, including judicial oversight of the police and military forces, in accordance with international human rights standards. Second, the adoption of a criminal prosecution policy that ensures the prompt and timely criminal investigation of human rights violations and abuses. Third, the approval of the due diligence protocol for the investigation of crimes against human rights defenders. Fourth, the adoption and implementation of pending reforms to the environmental framework on consultation with Indigenous Peoples and effective control and supervision of environmental licenses and mining concessions. We would like to thank the Government of Honduras for its cooperation with the Office during the reporting period and warmly welcome the new Government's commitment to engage in constructive dialogue and cooperation. Madam Vice-President, I now turn to report on Cyprus. The division of Cyprus since the Turkish intervention of 1974 continues to be the most significant obstacle to the full enjoyment of human rights for all people across the island. It also continues to hinder effective monitoring and reporting by international human rights mechanisms in the northern part of the island, which remains limited. The division of the island also negatively impacts the right to non-discrimination and the enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights. In particular, Turkish Cypriot children born from mixed marriages still face delays and rejections regarding their applications to acquire Cypriot nationality. This results in obstacles to freedom of movement, access to essential services and educational opportunities. It is welcome that the two leaders agreed to open four new crossing points. However, the full and effective implementation of this agreement is crucial to facilitate the right to freedom of movement, increased inter-communal contacts and trust building. The division of the island also continues to lead to human rights protection gaps relating to asylum, migration and human trafficking, which need to be urgently addressed through enhanced cooperation. There is very little progress in advancing much-needed peace education across the island. This issue needs to be tackled in a coordinated and comprehensive manner without delay. Cypriot children and youth are agents of change and peace who can help to shape the future of Cypriot society predicated on inclusion and social cohesion for all. Given these challenges, we are encouraged by the establishment of a new technical committee on youth, which is the first new technical committee established since 2015, and which would help advance efforts to promote trust-building between Cypriot youth and ensure their participation in peacebuilding and reconciliation efforts. It is also welcome that the Secretary-General, his personal envoy and other stakeholders increased efforts to support the possible resumption of formal negotiations for a comprehensive solution to the Cyprus issue. If successful, it would pave the way for Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots to enjoy their human rights more fully and with fewer barriers. Therefore, we urge all parties to seize this political momentum and renew their efforts to return to formal negotiations to attain a just, sustainable and peaceful solution to the island's division in order to advance the full enjoyment of human rights for all people living in Cyprus. Madam Vice-President, moving now

to the last report to Afghanistan, I would like to update you on the operationalization of the independent investigative mechanism established by this Council in

October 2025. The mechanism is mandated to collect, consolidate, preserve, and analyze evidence of international crimes and other serious violations of international law committed in Afghanistan. The Office of the High Commissioner has had a central role in the preparatory work that set it up. The UN Secretariat, with the lead by our office, conducted a consultative process that resulted in the drafting of the Mechanism's terms of reference. The terms of reference are currently at the stage of consideration by the Secretary-General for his approval. These terms of reference were developed through extensive consultations with the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Afghanistan, independent investigative mechanisms on Syria and Myanmar, UN Women, international non-governmental organizations, and Afghan civil society organizations. They reflect stakeholders' emphasis on an approach that is gender and age sensitive and centered on victims and survivors. They underscore the importance of close coordination with civil society, secure reporting channels, strict confidentiality and data protection standards, and appropriate protection measures for victims, survivors, witnesses, and others. And they define the mechanism's scope of work and the core principles governing its functioning, while ensuring sufficient flexibility for it to determine its own investigative priorities, strategies, and methodologies. In late December 2025, the General Assembly approved the mechanism's budget for 2026 at a reduced level. Of that sum, only a 20% allotment amounting to 337,300 has been released. The mechanism, therefore, already faces serious liquidity constraints that will require careful prioritization and phased implementation. Initial recruitment will prioritize key leadership and administrative positions, including the head of the mechanism at the D2 level, essential administrative staff, senior investigators, legal analysts, and information and evidence management specialists. These roles are critical to developing sound investigative methodologies, establishing legal analysis frameworks, and putting in place secure systems for the collection, management, and preservation of evidence. Preparations for a dedicated trust fund, as also called for by this Council, are well advanced. This will provide a channel for voluntary contributions to further support the Mechanism's operational activities. Such contributions will be essential for the Mechanism to make full use of its potential and to operate at the scale required by its mandate. While waiting for the operationalization of the trust fund, OHCHR as the interim service provider can receive member states' voluntary contributions on behalf of the mechanism and will ensure that they are used exclusively for the purpose of the contributions. I encourage member states to contribute to the trust fund so that it becomes operational as soon as possible. Afghan civil society organizations that participated in the consultations on the Mechanism's term of reference expressed strong support and readiness to engage. These consultations also confirmed that there are high expectations of the Mechanism. My office and the wider UN Secretariat will continue working towards the Mechanism's speedy operationalization. Thank you.

Thank you very much. According to our practice, we shall hear the delegations of the countries concerned by the reports and oral updates presented. Each delegation will have five minutes. And I first give the floor to the distinguished representative of Colombia. Excellency, you have the floor.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. Colombia appreciates the report from High Commissioner on the human rights situation in our country. We recognize that there remain relevant challenges. Ongoing dynamics of violence in some territories and the vulnerability of historically marginalized populations require comprehensive and sustained action. Overcoming decades of inequality means we need to bring structural transformation to those situations that have led to these situations. We are committed to moving towards more fair rules of the game that guarantee a life that is dignified for Colombians with equal opportunity and full enjoyment of their rights. It is in this context that our security and defense and citizen coexistence policy has evolved We used to respond with an armed response, but now we've moved towards human dignity, a respect for life, and peace building. This policy gives priority to prevention and unrestricted respect for human rights and the support of the state, particularly in those areas that have been most affected by armed groups and criminal structures. As a result of this, our plans, our contingency plans, have allowed for us to bring progress in the protection and security of our citizens, including the neutralization of terrorist activities, the seizure of weapons, and the breaking down of criminal structures. We are also moving towards the implementation of a police model that is closer to the people and deployed throughout the country. This model strengthens the rapprochement between the public forces and the citizenry, it focuses on priority areas and it promotes co-responsibility with local authorities and communities, allowing for new us to address new dynamics of crime. Illicit economies continue to be one of the primary drivers of violence in Colombia. This is nourished by illegal mining and drug trafficking. We insist on changing our drug policy to address it as a human rights based issue, public health issue and human dignity issue. This has been recognized by the Council. More than 50 years of war against a war on drugs shows that an exclusively repressive and law enforcement method brings disproportionate effects on those who do not benefit from the criminal activities. The government has redoubled its efforts to support the lives of people with economic conditions that are more fair. An increase in the living wage, minimum wage, and progress in pensions and labor law reflects a clear commitment to economic, social, and cultural rights, protecting those who have been historically excluded. This helps to move towards the universalization of this care. As regards children and adolescents, we have developed a national strategy to prevent the recruitment, use, utilization, and sexual violence against children in these scenarios. This has been built in a participative manner. This strategy has put together the educational components, cultural activities, and with the strengthening of inter-institutional cooperation, working with different ethnic authorities. We have also moved to prevent these serious violations as part of our negotiation agendas with armed actors. We continue to make progress in our search for lasting solutions for the victims of forced displacement, seeking to fully reestablish rights, life projects, and dignity. This is the result of a deep commitment to bring about a peaceful society based in human rights. We have proposed total peace. We have made progress. But there are serious difficulties in some cases that we hope to overcome or change. We have an unshakable desire to promote peace, as the Truth and Reconciliation Commission has promoted, giving a spirit of service among our people and a respect for rights. The cases of human rights violations attributed to state agents have reduced significantly since August 2022. The way of interacting with the population is no longer governed by national security or an obsession with eliminating those who think differently, considering them to be domestic enemies. We also have an unshakable desire to make progress in generating clean energy that helps us to change the development model based on fossil fuels. persevere in our efforts to bring about social justice as a lodestar in our actions. Much remains to be done. We are aware of that, and the annual report from my Commissioner's Office reminds us of this in our daily work. We appreciate this valuable contribution, reaffirm our willingness to continue to work with openness and dialogue to effectively improve the quality of life and dignity of all the inhabitants of Colombia. I thank you kindly.

Thank you, Excellency. Next, I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Cyprus.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. Cyprus appreciates the presentation of this year's report on the question of human rights in Cyprus and thanks you and the Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights for your continued engagement. I take this opportunity to reiterate my government's full support for the reporting mandate established by the relevant resolutions of the UN Commission on Human Rights adopted in the aftermath of Turkey's invasion of Cyprus in 1974. This mandate authorizes the OHCHR to report on missing persons and refugees on Turkey's illegal activities in Varosha, and on actions that alter the demographic structure of Cyprus. This annual report serves as a stark reminder of the enduring impact of the invasion and the continued occupation of more than 36% of the territory of the Republic of Cyprus. These actions continue to infringe upon the human rights of all Cypriots, victimizing both Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots alike. For more than five decades, the occupation of the Republic of Cyprus has had serious and far-reaching human rights consequences. We remain deeply concerned that many of the issues identified in successive reports of the OHCHR persist to this day. In recent days, we have heard high-level dignitaries call for reaffirming the HRC's role and demonstrating the continued relevance and impact of its mandate. In this context, we believe that the report on Cyprus would benefit from closer alignment with the established reporting mandate. In our view, certain elements of the report risk creating an unintended sense of equivalence and, through omissions, may not fully reflect the gravity of violations of international law, including international humanitarian law and international human rights law. It is essential that our collective work convey a clear message: ongoing violations remain a matter of serious concern and require sustained international attention. these violations are not confined to the past. Their consequences endure. Nearly five decades on, accountability remains insufficient and the impact on human rights continues to be felt by affected individuals and communities. We would, for example, welcome references to the situation of internally displaced persons that go beyond statistical data. The protracted nature of displacement means that full restoration of rights, particularly with regards to property, return and remedy, remains incomplete for many affected individuals. Furthermore, the report would more fully reflect its mandate if it included a dedicated section on the alteration of the demographic structure of Cyprus resulting from the illegal mass transfer of settlers from Turkey to the occupied area. As a consequence, Turkish Cypriots are now vastly outnumbered by troops and settlers from Turkey, effectively rendering them a minority in the occupied areas. We welcome the report's analysis regarding the situation in Varosha. The reporting on violations of freedom of opinion and expression in the occupied part, including cases targeting Turkish Cypriot journalists who have criticized the influence of Turkkiye, is essential to ensuring transparency and accountability. We also note that the UN liquidity crisis has affected this report. We regret that it was not possible to conduct an in-person visit to Cyprus in preparation for the report under discussion. Despite our concerns and constructive critique, we remain fully committed to working closely with the High Commissioner and his Office with a view to strengthening the report's methodology, substance and impact. Comprehensive and objective documentation of human rights violations is not merely a reporting exercise. is a cornerstone of conflict resolution and accountability. Accurate documentation preserves the experiences and rights of victims, counters denial, and lays the groundwork for justice, reconciliation, and sustainable peace. We therefore reiterate our full support for the OHCHR mandate and for continued efforts to to ensure that human rights remain central to all activities, to all initiatives aimed at resolving the Cyprus issue. Thank you very much.

I thank the representative of Cyprus. And next, I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Guatemala.

Thank you very much, Madam Vice President. Honorable Deputy Secretary General for Human Rights, the government of Guatemala thanks the High Commissioner for the annual report on the human rights situation in our country. This underscores progress made and challenges that remain in the promotion and protection of human rights. We value the work of the High Commissioner, and we reaffirm our country's commitment to continue to work in this venue as a mechanism for cooperation and for institutional strengthening in order to guarantee the protection of human rights of Guatemalans. Guatemala recognizes that the report identifies systemic challenges and structural challenges that requires sustained attention. And in particular, the government expresses its concern over the attacks that you well to mention, against human rights defenders, indigenous groups, defenders, journalists, and judicial operators. We should like to also underscore that these are indigenous peoples and not indigenous groups. Those defending peoples, this is essential for democratic life. In November of 2025, a public policy was launched to protect human rights defenders, 2025, 2020, 35. The idea is to finally meet an historic commitment from by the state. We've been clear in reiterating that repercussions and reprisals against human rights defenders nor arbitrary arrests are acceptable. There is a-- the work of the police along these lines is central in our democratic commitment. We have a serious commitment to the indigenous peoples and Afro-descendant peoples. We promote their effective participation, and we fight racism and discrimination and structural racial discrimination. Likewise, we are making progress in a working agenda with the Garifuna population. This is aimed at overcoming their historic exclusion in access to public services and in decision making. Progress has been gradual. The state continues to work to fully ensure these rights. As regards social and grievance conflict, the executive branch has given a priority to dialogue as a primary method for peaceful resolution of controversy and disputes, addressing the structural causes. They have historically created tensions in our territory. We wish to underscore the creation in 2025 of the Presidential Commission for Addressing Conflict. This is a mechanism for institutional articulation with an inclusion of human rights, a respect for the rights of women and girls as well. This helps us to move towards meeting our obligations internationally. It helps us to adopt measures to allow for reparation and prevent violence. In the area of persons with disabilities, we are moving towards a social model based on human rights, a human rights-based approach, and a strengthening of the normative framework. This shows that the Bernardo Arreola administration has an open door policy as regards international instruments of the universal system and the Inter-American system. We have received numerous visits in 2015. and others are slated for this and next year. We appreciate this support. It is crucial when it comes to consolidating our progress and capacity building. Madam Vice President, the electoral processes of 2026 and 2027 are a key moment for democracy in Guatemala. their historic effort to rebuild electoral systems, guaranteeing the free reactivity of political parties and ensuring that the sovereign will of the people be expressed with transparency, pluralism, and legality. The government of Guatemala has reiterated its absolute respect for the independence of the electoral authorities and their determination to protect fundamental freedoms during the process. Guatemala invites the Office of the High Commissioner and Special Procedures to continue to provide technical assistance and to follow up on these processes. with support that will contribute to strengthening public trust, transparency, and democratic legitimacy. Lastly, my delegation wishes to express that the promotion and protection of human rights is, for Guatemala, a constitutional obligation. It is an international commitment that is ongoing. We do so with openness, cooperation, and determination. And thus, we will continue to consolidate a democracy that is solid, participative, and fully respectful of human dignity. Much obliged.

Thank you very much, Excellency. Next, I give the floor to Her Excellency Ms. Leda Lizette Garcia Pagan, Secretary of State of Ministry of Human Rights of the Republic of Honduras. Excellency, you have the floor.

Thank you very much, Madam Vice President, distinguished delegates. The State of Honduras comes before this Human Rights Council for the presentation of the annual report on the human rights situation from the Office of the High Commissioner of the United Nations for Human Rights. We greatly value this, and we would like to reaffirm the state's commitment to the compliance with and guarantee of human rights under the principles of transparency and accountability. It is a timely moment to note before this honorable council that, through a process of democratic elections, as of 27 January 2026, the new authorities took office in the executive and in the legislative. The President of Honduras, President Fura, reaffirmed the spirit of cooperation and collaboration with numerous treaty bodies, special procedures, and the Office of the High Commissioner of the United Nations in Honduras to move forward with the commitments made and signed by the state with the ratification of these international human rights instruments. 30 days after the new administration began, we come before you to share some of the progress that have arisen from the clear political will to ensure and respect the human rights of the Honduran people. And this is in step also with numerous recommendations from the report. Madam Vice President, the state of Honduras, through the Secretariat for Security, has adopted a quick decision to not continue with the state of exception. and to move toward a model of targeted intervention in 30 municipalities where we see the highest levels of homicide. The state has the firm commitment to drastically reduce extortion, the violent death of women, trafficking in persons, and to ensure public order. Substituting this measure returns constitutional rights and the enjoyment of fundamental rights to the population. This, after an uninterrupted cycle of restriction of these rights that lasted some three years, or nearly three years. Given the importance of combating gender-based violence, our National Congress created, at the beginning of this month of February, a special commission for addressing violence against women. There has been reactivation of the Human Rights Secretariat, working with other public bodies and human rights defender offices, the inter-institutional coordination for the follow-up on violent deaths against women and femicide, seeking justice and fighting impunity in these cases. One of the priorities and key commitments of this new administration is the deep review of the national system for the protection of human rights defenders. journalists, social communicators, and judicial operators all will benefit from the strengthening of this, the prevention of risks, and the support for the right to defend human rights enshrined in the law. This is a timely moment to ask for the High Commissioner's Office in Honduras to support us and to provide technical support so that we can bring about this progress. In healthcare, the president has work to support the healthcare sector with 01/2026 in order to take immediate action to ensure access to healthcare for the population with a timely response, the eradication of harmful processes and the supply of pharmaceuticals and supplies throughout the country. In the first week of the administration, they launched a strategy for mass voting of 10 million textbooks and basic education. This is aimed at benefiting 1.7 million students in the educational system, in the public system, in order to ensure their right to education. In the Secretariat for Human Rights, we aspire to launch a process of designing a new national policy in human rights with clear indicators that are measurable and appropriate for following progress. We also will be strengthening follow-up mechanisms for compliance with the recommendations through tools such as CMOde Honduras and a human rights observatory. Human rights are not a concession. They are a moral obligation and a legal obligation. For this reason, in this common shared house of the United Nations, we want to reiterate our decision to give priority to human dignity so that social justice will not be a privilege, but rather a guarantee of rights for all. Thank you very much, Madam Vice-President.

Thank you very much, Excellency. I understand that Afghanistan is not ready to take the floor today, and we will seek an opportunity on Monday to listen to Afghanistan's statement on Monday. Excellencies, distinguished colleagues, this brings us to the end of this meeting. We will reconvene on Monday at 9:30 a.m. to hold the general debate under agenda item 2. I hereby declare the 11th meeting of the 61st session of the Human Rights Council closed.