14th Meeting - 61st Session of Human Rights Council

Excellencies, distinguished participants, I hereby declare open the 14th meeting of the 61st session of the Human Rights Council. And we will continue the interactive dialogue with the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhumane and degrading treatment or punishment. And we continue with a list of speakers right away. I will remind you all that speaking time is one minute and 30 seconds for all delegates. And first, I have the honor to give the floor to Ukraine. You have the floor.

Thank you, Madam President. We thank Dr. Alice Jill Edwards for her comprehensive report and for presenting the Charter of Rights of Victims and Survivors of Torture. Now, into its fifth year, Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine has been marked by widespread and systematic use of torture against civilians and prisoners of war. As Commission of Inquiry concluded, it is a coordinated policy of the Russian Federation and amounts to crimes against humanity. Independent international mechanisms have documented prolonged incommunicado detention, beatings, electric shocks, mock executions, sexual violence, Torture has been used to extract false confessions, spread fear, and erase Ukrainian identity. Behind every case, there is a human being whose dignity has been deliberately destroyed. Survivors carry deep physical and psychological scars, while many remain unlawfully detained. Ensuring accountability, full reparation, rehabilitation, and guarantees of non-repetition is therefore not only a moral duty, but a legal obligation under international law. Madam Special Rapporteur, in situations where torture is used as a method of warfare and repression, what measures could strengthen international efforts to ensure both accountability and effective long-term support for survivors?

I thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Morocco. Marocco is not in the room. Next, I give the floor to Ghana.

Thank you, Mr. President. My delegation thanks the Special Rapporteur for her report. We recognize the introduction of the Charter of Rights of Victims and Survivors of Torture, which provides a framework for action by States and other actors to strengthen accountability, justice, reparation, and rehabilitation. We agree with the Special Rapporteur's recommendation to states to promote accurate public understanding of torture and ill-treatment using media and educational institutions. Mr. President, in the face of persistent global human rights challenges, the absolute prohibition of torture remains a cornerstone of our shared humanity. We maintain that torture is not only ethically unacceptable, but is fundamentally ineffective in achieving any legitimate security goal. The Constitution of Ghana explicitly states that no person shall be subjected to any condition that detracts or is likely to detract from their dignity and worth as a human being. Guided by this constitutional principle, we are committed to engaging survivors as valued partners and leaders in our efforts to combat torture. As a country that has ratified the United Nations Convention Against Torture, its Optional Protocol, and as a member of the Convention Against Torture Initiative, Ghana strongly condemns all forms of torture and ill Ghana is actively collaborating with media practitioners, academic institutions, and relevant stakeholders to strengthen awareness and advance efforts aimed at the elimination of torture. In closing, we reaffirm our commitment to ensuring that torture survivors are no longer silenced, but are empowered as architects of a world free from torture. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Togo.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. First and foremost, Togo wishes to take this opportunity to express its support for the two support mechanisms for combating torture, that is, the Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture and the OPCAT Special Fund. We welcome their considerable support for civil society organizations and national human rights institutions to denounce cases of torture, to assist victims, and to implement measures to prevent torture. Togo also thanks the Special Rapporteur for her report. In the solemn declaration on the rights and duties of persons and citizens annexed to the Constitution of 6 May 2024, Togo reaffirms its adherence to respecting human dignity and the absolute prohibition of torture. My country has pursued its efforts to strengthen its legislative and normative framework through a national mechanism to prevent torture and to strengthen the National Commission on Human Rights. We have made efforts to improve detention conditions, to strengthen training programs for security forces, and to consolidate the national mechanisms to protect human rights. Togo has just approved its fourth periodic report under the Convention against Torture on its implementation, and this will soon be submitted to the Committee against Torture. Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Inter-Parliamentary Union.

Madam Vice-President, thank you very much. The Inter-Parliamentary Union, the global organisation of national parliaments, welcomes the Special Rapporteur's report and, in particular, the presentation of the new chapter on the rights of victims and survivors. We commend the report's comprehensive analysis of the patterns and root causes of torture, as well as its examination of the profound and lasting consequences which violations inflict on individuals, families and societies. Through its Committee on the Human Rights of Parliamentarians, a dedicated mechanism to protect and defend the human rights of members of parliament, the IPU monitors the cases of more than 800 parliamentarians worldwide. Around 20% of these cases involve allegations of torture, ill-treatment and other acts of violence. These figures underscore the serious risks faced by some elected representatives and the broader implications for democratic institutions and political pluralism. Torture and ill-treatment of parliamentarians not only violate fundamental rights, but also erode public trust and weaken the rule of law. In line with the report's recommendations, the IPU calls on all States to take effective measures to prevent torture in all circumstances, to ensure prompt, independent and impartial investigations into allegations, to guarantee accountability, and to provide victims with access to justice, reparation and rehabilitation. The IPU remains fully committed to working closely with parliaments and states and encourage them to cooperate constructively with its Committee on the Human Rights of Parliamentarians. I thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Ecuador.

Madam Vice-President, my delegation thanks the Special Rapporteur for her report, and we take note of the Charter of the Rights of Victims and Survivors of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhumane, and Degrading Treatment and Punishment. This was drafted by some of the victims, and it has been presented as a framework for action for accountability, justice, reparation, and rehabilitation. My delegation also agrees with the recommendation that states draft, implement, and oversee programs for prevention of torture, for justice, and reparation. This would be in true cooperation with victims and survivors. In Ecuador, we have strengthened specialized training of those operating in the judicial sector and those in our institutions. This includes in the penitentiaries. We have incorporated human rights-based approaches, as well as those focused on gender equality, non-discrimination, human mobility, protection of victims, survivors, and those who report these matters. These actions, added to compliance with the rulings and recommendations of the Inter-American and Universal Human Rights Systems, reflect a public policy that is aimed at comprehensive reparation, the progressively increased earmarking of resources, capacity building in the institutions, This all favors prevention and effective protection of victims and survivors and others that find themselves vulnerable. I thank you kindly.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to China.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. China is firmly opposed to torture. We were one of the first countries to sign the Convention against Torture, and we have always conscientiously fulfilled our obligations under the Convention and engaged a constructive dialogue with the Committee against Torture. Chinese law clearly prohibits torture. It requires audio and video recording of questioning of suspects in serious cases. It has improved and implemented mechanisms for accountability for any errors committed in applying the law, has prevented the admissibility of confessions obtained through torture, it guarantees the legal rights of suspects in conformity with the law, and it has established a rigorous legal system to combat torture. China has taken note that the Special Rapporteur underscores in her report that migrants are deprived of food and clothing, are in overcrowded conditions, and are victims of physical and sexual violence as well. during expulsion procedures. How does the Special Rapporteur recommend that we can bring an end to the atrocities committed against migrants and to conduct independent, transparent inquiries into deaths which have occurred in detention and during repatriation? Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Azerbaijan.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. We thank the Special Rapporteur for the report. We firmly believe that torture and other forms of inhuman treatment are a grave assault on human dignity in all circumstances. The criminal code of Azerbaijan and other legal norms employ robust provisions addressing this type of crime. Incidents of such acts increased dramatically during the armed conflicts, particularly in the environments of impunity, while civilians bear the brunt of these violations. Azerbaijanis were also victims of Victims of such violations, as thousands of civilians and prisoners of war, were subjected to enforced disappearances, hostage taking during the past conflict, which on many occasions were also accompanied by acts of torture and inhuman treatment. The last week was marked by the 34th anniversary of the Khojaly genocide, in which 613 civilians were brutally murdered, hundreds were wounded, taken hostage or went missing. The clarification of the fate of nearly 4,000 missing Azerbaijanis but also eventually bring relief to their families, which continuously suffer huge psychological trauma amounting to torture. Azerbaijan has taken decisive steps to investigate and prosecute atrocious crimes, including the crimes against humanity and war crimes committed during the conflict. Last month, national courts rendered judgments on several cases of that nature in full compliance with national and international law. We reaffirm our commitment to ending impunity, strengthening the rule of law, and promoting lasting peace and stability. I thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Chile.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. We thank the Special Rapporteur for the report and for the new Charter on the Rights of Victims and Survivors of Torture. This provides us a practical framework to strengthen national systems for prevention, investigation, and reparation. This ensures that victims are not just heard, but that they also participate in the state's response. Chile values, in particular, the emphasis on accountability, the conference reparations, and the transforming role that the survivors can play in the drafting of public policies when they are made part of these processes, putting the voices and experience of the victims at the center, as well as those of the survivors. reminds us that the eradication of this is not merely a legal obligation, it is also a human and ethical imperative. As this is the last report that Dr. Edwards will be presenting to this Council, we appreciate the commitment and tenacity with which she has undertaken her mandate. Her work has contributed to bringing visibility to new dimensions to the absolute prohibition of torture, including sexual violence during conflict, the taking of hostages, and the detention conditions. This underscores the meaning of the human rights-based fight against torture. We wish the Special Rapporteur the best of success in her new responsibilities. We reiterate our firm commitment to the total prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhumane, and degrading treatment and punishment. Thank you very much.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Costa Rica.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. Costa Rica thanks the Special Rapporteur for the report and for the presentation of the Charter of the Rights of Victims and Survivors of Cruel, Inhumane and Degrading Treatment and Punishment. This places human dignity and the voices of the survivors at the center. This report compels us to recognize something essential. Torture does not begin visibly nor abruptly. It can filter into the daily institutions when rights and guarantees are weakened. For this reason, Costa Rica does not believe that these are just words. It is a permanent responsibility of the state. This responsibility begins by recognizing the prohibition of torture is absolute. There's no room for justifications or slippage. It means we must preserve and strengthen the level of protection reached in legal framework, and we must also strengthen independent mechanisms for oversight and access to procedural guarantees and due process. Prevention requires complementary action, cooperation between and among states, civil society, and the NPMs, strengthen accountability and consolidate safeguards. Hearing survivors, allowing for their experiences to guide public policy is not symbolic. It is not merely symbolic, it is a concrete way to avoid repetition. We recognize the rehabilitation and the guarantees of non-repetition are an inseparable part. They are part and parcel of our international obligations. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Mexico.

Thank you. Madam Vice President, we thank the rapporteur for the report and for the efforts to draft the Charter for the Rights of Victims and Survivors. Mexico rejects torture and cruel treatment in any context. We are committed to continue to advance towards its full eradication. We will do some cooperation with international mechanisms and civil society. A concrete show of this is the third visit to Mexico of the SPT. This was held successfully in January. With a spirit of dialogue and cooperation, the subcommittee recognized progress and identified areas in which Mexico will continue to focus efforts to eradicate these practices. The report from the Special Rapporteur mentions the prevalence of torture and ill-treatment along migration and refugee-seekers' routes. This is particularly serious in the migratory context when there is a criminalization of irregular migration and expedited or collective deportations that go against due process. We should like to ask the Rapporteur the following: What situations in the context of migration are more exposed to torture and cruel treatment? What recommendations do you have to prevent just that? What measures for international reparation are available for the survivors after being deported? It is then that they have difficult access to the national jurisdiction to report violations. Much obliged.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Sudan.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. We would like to thank the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment for her comments. We associate ourselves with the recommendations on the need to prohibit torture, and also we support the link made between sexual violence and torture. We underscore the importance of preventing torture through awareness raising and also punitive measures against perpetrators of such crimes. In 2020, we ratified the Convention against Torture, and we are working to integrate the principles contained in it into national legislation and policies. In our war The rebels have committed violations and acts of torture, which have been documented by OHCHR. And the last report highlights the aggression against El-Fasher and the camps. And the forms of torture which are documented are physical abuse, psychological abuse, the detention of thousands of persons in inhuman conditions, and sexual violence as well, used as a weapon of war. and taking civilians and depriving them of all rights in the conflict areas. This is a flagrant violation of international law and of international human rights law, more specifically. We call upon this august assembly to condemn such atrocities. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I will give the floor to Peru.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. Peru thanks the Special Rapporteur for the report. and for the drafting of the Charter of the Rights of Victims and Survivors of Cruel, Inhumane and Degrading Treatment and Punishment. We appreciate the victims and survivor-focused approach. Placing their voices at the center of the debate contributes to the design of public policies that are more effective in prevention, investigation, sanction and reparation. Madam President, the prohibition of torture is absolute and non-derogable. It is an imperative of international law. It is an essential pillar of the rule of law. This condition is based, among other things-- rather, this condition is the basis, among other things, of those who suffer the physical, psychological, and social consequences for the rest of their lives, it is essential that we guarantee effective access to the justice system, meaningful participation in the judicial processes, and comprehensive reparation. In order to continue to hone public policy, we received the SPT. We also provide increased strengthening of the NPM endowing them with greater technical and institutional wherewithal. With the increase of conflicts around the world and on a precedent level, Peru reaffirms its commitment to full implementation of the CAT and the Optional Protocol. We call for joint efforts to redouble our attention to preventing, investigating, and punishing torture in all circumstances. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Uruguay.

Madam Vice-President, Uruguay welcomes the Special Rapporteur and we appreciate the report as well as the new Charter of the Rights of Victims and Survivors of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhumane and Degrading Forms of Punishment and Torture. We appreciate that this instrument has been drafted based on the experiences and voices of the survivors. It places the victims at the centre of the international response. We particularly like to underscore that the Charter offers a framework of concrete action to strengthen accountability, justice, reparation, and rehabilitation. We underscore the importance of recognizing the diversity of those who have suffered from torture. This includes women, children, persons with disabilities, indigenous persons, LGBTI persons, refugees, migrants, and members of minority communities. They face additional obstacles in accessing justice. Eradication of torture and other grave forms of the abuse of power is unfinished work. It is a legal obligation that we cannot put off in our states. For Paraguay, limiting this also requires ensuring a context that is free, safe, and free of intimidation and reprisals for CSOs and for human rights defenders. Their role as independent overseers is fundamental. We reiterate our call to states that have not yet done so to accede to the CAT and the Optional Protocol, as well as the UN Convention Against Corruption. Thank you very much.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Uganda.

Madam Vice President, we thank the Special Rapporteur for the report on the Charter for Torture Victims. Uganda ratified the International Convention Against Torture in 1986, and in 2012, we enacted at national level the Prevention and Prohibition of Torture Act. We are glad to inform that even before the coming into force of the new charter on torture victim rights, our courts of judicature make orders of compensation to the victims to restore them and their families. Additionally, the courts have set precedents that no evidence in courts of law is admissible if it is certain that it was secured through torture. Furthermore, victims have been empowered to institute legal action against public servants in their individual capacity in case they commit cruel acts in the course of their work. Finally, we remain resolute in a commitment to protect our citizens against any form of torture amid the growing challenges that states operate in today. I thank you for your attention.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to State of Palestine. Palestine is absent. Next, I give the floor to Afghanistan.

Madam Vice-President, thank you so much. We welcome the report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and the survivor-led Charter of Rights of Victims and Survivors of Torture, which rightly insists that torture is sustained by power structures with consequences experienced across generations. This charter offers an important lens to understand the existing torture architecture in Afghanistan, which is profoundly gendered and systematic. Since August 2021, the Taliban has carried out widespread torture, arbitrary detention, intimidation, and extrajudicial killings, which have been directed in particular at women and girls, alongside former officials, journalists, human rights defenders, minorities, and other marginalized groups. Reporting continues to document torture, sexual violence, coerced confessions, and denial of legal safeguards and family contact. The recently imposed criminal code elevates confession and testimony as the primary means of establishing guilt, significantly increasing the risk of torture and undermining due process, with disproportionate impact on women and girls. Emphasizing the centrality of survivors' voices, we ask the Special Rapporteur how the Charter can be implemented to ensure meaningful, secure, and gender-responsive early consultation with victims and survivors of torture in Afghanistan and exile. I thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Gambia.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. The Gambia thanks the Special Rapporteur for her report and welcomes the elaboration of the new Charter of Rights of Victims and Survivors of Torture. We reiterate our rejection for all acts of torture as contained in our Prevention and Prohibition of Torture Act and reaffirms support for victim-centered accountability for all human rights violations. Accordingly, the implementation plan of our TRRC recommendations is guided by the core values of victim-centeredness, sustainability, evidence-centeredness, and local ownership. The Independent Reparations Commission has become operational with the allocation of $20 million in the 2026 budget to fund reparations for victims, including victims of torture. The reparations fund will also be financed in part through proceeds from the sale of former President's assets seized in the United States. On accountability, the Special Accountability Mechanism provides a novel and comprehensive criminal justice framework for justice and accountability to prosecute atrocity crimes identified by the TRRC, including torture. The Gambia has also supported universal jurisdiction proceedings in Switzerland and the United States resulted in the conviction of two Gambian nationals for acts of torture in the Gambia. Since 2017, the security sector reform process has strengthened oversight and preventive mechanisms against torture in places of detention with the active collaboration of the National Human Rights Commission. Thank you, Madam Vice President.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Syrian Arab Republic.

Thank you, Vice President. We don't have enough time to address the suffering of the Syrian people in terms of torture, the systematic torture by the former regime. You have heard of the Sidnaia prison. And after that, we took empirical steps in order to avoid recurrence of violence. Detainees have been released, and the National Transitional Justice Commission was established for reparation, and local investigations have started. The new government also follows the case by Netherlands with the International Court of Justice. And we take steps in order to address these matters to ensure compensation for victims. The Ministry of Interior has also adopted a code of con- conduct and there, there are standing, uh, judicial offices in every ministry. And there are also electronic platforms to receive complaints. We facilitate also the visits of the ICRC in an unconditional manner. In closing, the government of Syria is determined to combat impunity in terms of crimes of torture, and we will continue to consult NGOs and the groups of survivors and victims. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Montenegro.

Vice President, we thank Madam Special Rapporteur for the impactful report and commend her steadfast commitment to combating torture and ill-treatment worldwide, especially as this marks her final intervention in the Council. Torture and other ill-treatment do not emerge in a vacuum. They took take root in environments marked by discrimination, inequality, impunity, and weak rule of law. Conditions often intensified during times of conflict or instability. The consequences extend far beyond the immediate act, leaving profound and lasting physical, psychological, and social harm for individuals, families, and commitments. Preventing recurrence and ensuring meaningful redress, therefore, requires confronting these root causes and fully acknowledging the depth of the suffering endured by victims. We welcome the Charter of the Rights of Victims and Survivors as essential roadmap for states and stakeholders. By placing survivors at the center of all actions, the Charter promotes a survivor-centered approach that strengthens accountability, combats impunity, and enhances the effectiveness of remedies and rehabilitation. The lived experiences of survivors are crucial for breaking cycles of abuse and restoring dignity and rights. Montenegro stands firm in its commitment to the absolute prohibition of torture and strongly supports the renewal of the Special Rapporteur's mandate. Madame Special Rapporteur, from your experience, what structural factors most enable the persistence of torture, and how can States most effectively translate the Charter into concrete action? Thank you.

I thank you.

And next, I give the floor to Colombia.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. Colombia thanks the Special Rapporteur for the report and for the letter for survivors and victims. This lays out the experiences of those who have suffered from torture. These documents is a framework for action so that states can strengthen accountability, justice, and comprehensive reparation. In November 2025, Colombia ratified the Optional Protocol of the CAT reaffirming its commitment to the prevention and protection of persons deprived of liberty in the cases of torture. Currently, in our country, there is a process of caring for the psychosocial needs of these individuals, as well as addressing administrative indemnity and judicial indemnity for more than 100,000 victims of torture during the armed conflict. Madame Rapporteur, the SPT has documented in 2024 that drug policies that are focused on punishment with zero tolerance lead to prison overcrowding and conditions that are ripe for torture and ill treatment, disproportionately affecting those in vulnerable situations. What concrete measures do you recommend to ensure that detainees for drug crimes are protected from these risks? Thank you kindly.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Armenia.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. Armenia thanks the Special Rapporteur for her report and welcomes the presentation of the Charter of Rights of Victims and Survivors of Torture. We value its survivor-centred approach and its practical guidance for strengthening accountability, justice, reparation and rehabilitation. Armenia remains fully committed to combating torture and ill-treatment. As highlighted during the consideration of our fifth periodic report before the Committee against Torture last year, we have undertaken significant legislative and institutional reforms to reinforce safeguards across the justice, law enforcement, and penitentiary systems, and to strengthen prevention. Armenia has adopted new criminal, criminal procedure, and penitentiary codes, fully aligning the definition of torture with the convention and prohibiting amnesty, pardon, or statutes of limitation for such acts. Procedural guarantees have also been strengthened, including mandatory audio-visual recording of interrogations and enhanced safeguards from the moment of deprivation of liberty. Institutionally, Armenia established the Ministry of Internal Affairs as a civilian oversight authority and created an, an, an internal security and anti-corruption department to ensure independent disciplinary proceedings. Armenia also continues to modernize its penitentiary system, improving detention conditions, expanding medical and psychological services, and strengthening training for all relevant professionals.

Armenia stands ready to continue constructive cooperation. Thank you.

Thank you. Now I'd like to give the floor to Botswana.

Madam Vice President, Botswana welcomes the comprehensive and informative report of the Special Rapporteur. The report is a reminder that torture is often a deliberate and targeted act of cruelty and that survivors frequently continue to live alongside perpetrators, and highlights the urgent need to strengthen accountability measures. We concur with the finding that torture thrives where discrimination, weak rule of law and impunity persist, and that its effects often extend beyond individuals to families and communities. Botswana supports efforts to ensure that survivors meaningfully participate in shaping policy responses. At national level, the Botswana Police Services has established a Gender and Child Protection Unit to address gender-based violence. Government also supports civil society organizations which provide counseling and safe refuge for survivors of gender-based violence. Bosnia takes note of the development of the Charter of Rights of Victims and Survivors of Torture as a framework for reinforcing national protection measures and advancing collective action to eradicate torture in all its forms, and looks forward to further deliberations on the Charter. I thank you, Madam Vice-President.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to El Salvador.

Gracias.

Thank you. El Salvador takes note of the report from the Special Rapporteur on torture, and we share the objectives of strengthening accountability, justice, reparation, and rehabilitation with the victims-focused approach. El Salvador reaffirms its commitment to prevention and the eradication of torture and cruel, inhumane, and degrading treatment or punishment. We promote all reports being investigated with due diligence under institutional control and with a strict respect for the procedural guarantees of due process. El Salvador works to ensure investigations and to strengthen the conditions for the protection, access to justice, reparation, and the rehabilitation of the victims and support for their family members. El Salvador reiterates its willingness to cooperate with special procedures and with the international human rights system. We would like to express our interest in continuing to contribute in good faith to the technical exchange and constructive dialogue in these areas with a strict respect for the UN Charter and sovereignty of states. Much obliged.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Switzerland.

Madame Vice-President, Switzerland thanks the Special Rapporteur for her report on the Charter of Rights of Victims and Survivors of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. We commend this initiative, which gives a voice to survivors and sheds light on the causes of torture and its impact on those persons affected, their families and their communities. We note that certain groups, in particular women and girls, migrants and minorities, are particularly exposed and encounter persistent impediments in accessing justice, reparation and rehabilitation. The absolute respect of the prohibition on torture is a peremptory norm of international law and no derogation is permitted to this. Despite this clear legal framework, the persistence of the practice of torture demonstrates that the main challenge is not in drafting new norms and standards, but in their effective implementation through tangible measures in the field, such as documentation, training, the implementation of national prevention mechanisms, and support for rehabilitation and the collection of evidence. Switzerland calls on all States to translate the recommendations in the report into concrete action. In the context of our presidency of the OSCE, Switzerland is promoting tangible activities to establish a roadmap to put victims at the centre of all measures to implement these norms effectively.

Madam Vice-President,

Malawi thanks the Special Rapporteur for her report and for the Charter of Rights of Victims and Survivors of Torture, which Malawi recognizes as a practical framework for legislative and policy action by states. Malawi shares the report's assessment that torture persists where accountability is weak, discrimination is unaddressed, and survivors face structural barriers to justice. These findings have broad relevance across all regions. At the national level, Malawi has established a Madrid framework to monitor compliance with the prohibition of torture in places of detention. The Prisons Inspectorate provides dedicated oversight of prisons conditions. The Independent Complaints Commission receives complaints against police conduct, including allegations of torture. The Malawi Human Rights Commission retains an independent inspection mandate, and the Police Day Visitor Scheme contributes community-based oversight. Together, these mechanisms reflect Malawi's commitment to broad-based, independent, and accessible detention oversight. Malawi remains committed to strengthening these mechanisms and to improving access to justice and legal aid for vulnerable and marginalized populations. I thank you, Madam Vice President.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Cuba.

Senor.

Madam Vice President, my delegation appreciates the report, takes note of the report. We reaffirm our firm rejection of all forms of torture and cruel, inhumane, and degrading torture and punishment. These are prohibited and punished by our constitution and laws. The criminal code in Cuba incorporates as a crime, torture, enforced disappearance, forced or obligatory labor, as these are crimes against human dignity. Legislation includes guarantees to protect all from these crimes in our country. The State takes the measures necessary to prevent the events or the acts laid out in the CAT, and should they occur, they will be severely punished. In Cuba, there is no and will not be any room for this or laws that protect it. As a state party to the CAT since 1995, our country has been applying strictly with the provisions of the instrument, including in the context in which Cuba finds itself with a unprecedented increase in the criminal economic trade and financial blockade imposed on us by the United States. Thank you very much.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Iran.

Thank you, Madam President. we take note of the reports submitted by the Special Rapporteur and its annex entitled Charter of Rights of Victims and Survivors of Torture. We will share this document with the relevant status bodies in Iran for their careful consideration and will convey their feedback to you in due course. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, the prohibition of torture is firmly established. within the national legal framework. Article 38 of the Constitution explicitly bans all forms of torture. This constitutional mandate is reinforced within the criminal justice system. Article 578 of the Islamic Penal Code prescribes punishment for any judicial or law enforcement official who engages in such acts. Uh, furthermore, Iran has established oversight mechanism, which is tasked with, uh, receiving complaints, conducting inspections, and pursuing investigation to their conclusion, to their conclusion, thereby providing legal avenues for citizens to seek redress. As a country a victim of inhuman UCMs, we wish to raise the following issues. The unilateral coercive measures imposed by some states against others can be viewed as a manifestation of collective mental and physical torture of citizens of target nations.

Such

sanctions seen be as a collective torture often worsen human rights condition and inflict significant socioeconomic damage on ordinary people. affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide, these measures.

I thank you.

I thank you. And next, I give the floor to Burkina Faso.

Madame

Vice President, my delegation congratulates the Special Rapporteur on her report and appreciates her approach to give a voice to victims and survivors of acts of torture. We commend the recommendations, which are highly pertinent, including those calling upon States to adopt special measures for victims and survivors of torture and other similar practices to make sure that they are safe, that they can be rehabilitated, they have access to justice and reparation. In the context of preventing and punishing acts of torture, Burkina Faso has adopted an approach which is victim-centered. Articles 512 and the following prohibit torture and express protection and safeguards for victims and witnesses and give victims right to adequate reparation and measures necessary for rehabilitation, which is the most complete possible. So victims of acts of torture benefit from free legal assistance as well. The national prevention mechanism to prevent torture And different actors in the penal justice chain were trained in identifying acts of torture. We wish the Special Rapporteur every success in her mandate. Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Dominican Republic.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. We thank the Special Rapporteur for the report, and in particular for the approach that's focused on dignity and the voice and experiences of the victims and survivors. The Dominican Republic recognizes that the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhumane, degrading treatment or punishment is an imperative norm in international law. It is also a principle enshrined in our constitution and in our domestic legal structure. We particularly appreciate the emphasis in the report on the need to strengthen accountability, access to justice, and comprehensive reparation mechanisms. We reiterate the commitment of the Dominican State to the progressive strengthening of its institutions. This includes the systems of oversight, the training of law enforcement security forces, and the ongoing improvement of conditions in the centers for deprivation of liberty. We also agree in the importance of adopting a comprehensive approach that addresses the structural factors that can lead to violations, including discrimination, social exclusion and institutional weaknesses. In this context, we underscore the national efforts that are aimed at consolidating public policy based on human rights and the strengthening of the constitution, inter-institutional coordination. We take note of the proposal of the Charter of the Rights of Victims and Survivors as a guiding tool. We believe that its implementation should bear in mind the national realities. Thank you very much.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to the Russian Federation.

Madame Vice-President, we would like to know about the evaluation special rapporteur on the practice of implementing universal coercive measures by several states against different governments. Do you agree with the fact that the impact of the UCMs could be equated with torture and inhuman, degrading torment? And treatment and be considered as collective punishment against the population of a state. And in particular, we'd like to draw attention to the Russian-speaking activist in Latvia who was sentenced to 10 years in prison. And another flagrant violation of this was in December 2025, the detention of the vice president of the Russian community in Latvia, and that is Viktor Gushin. and both of these human rights defenders have been convicted and they have seen that their detention conditions are really poor and we would consider that the penitentiary establishments have not been ensuring their rights and they're suffering physical suffering and emotional suffering and we consider that to be torture. We'd like to hear the evaluation of the Special Rapporteur on these acts of the activities of the government against human rights defenders who have been expressing their freedom, their fundamental rights. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Kuwait.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. My country's delegation has read the Special Rapporteur's report. carefully, and we support her recommendations on the need for redress and reparation for victims and survivors of torture. We confirm our commitment to implementing the provisions of the convention against torture in our national legislation. The Law 2024 has explicitly defined torture and punishments for acts of torture. We are continuing to provide safeguards to those who are in detention in different establishments. We have a complaints system and we have developed training programmes to consolidate our approach against torture. to consolidate the rule of law and to protect human dignity in our society. We are taking constructive measures and call upon all States to do likewise. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Bangladesh.

Madam Vice-President, Bangladesh thanks the Special Rapporteur for her comprehensive report. We take note of the draft Charter of Rights and Survivors of Torture as presented in the annex part of the report. While we consider this draft as a framework for action, It is important to clarify its normative status. In this regard, we would like to underscore that while such a document can usefully consolidate standards, its implementation must remain consistent with the state's obligations under international law and respective constitutional and legal systems. Operationalization will require careful calibration of resource capacities, institutional contexts, and due process guarantees. Madam Vice-President, Bangladesh reaffirms its zero-tolerance policy towards torture and remains committed to constructive engagement. We have completed the ratification of the OPCAT last August. We have also withdrawn our declaration on Article 14 of the Convention against Torture, demonstrating our resolve to strengthen prevention and accountability mechanisms. Finally, we underscored that prevention mechanisms must address root causes, including discrimination, corruption, and weak oversight mechanisms. To that extent, strengthening independent and accountable national institutions, investing in continuous human rights-based training for law enforcement, and fostering genuine trust between authorities and communities are indispensable pillars of the effective prevention of torture. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Italy.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. We commend the Special Rapporteur's efforts to shed light on every aspect of torture affecting society as a whole. We also thank the Special Rapporteur for the Charter of Rights of Victims. You presented torture as the final act in a broader context of discrimination, marginalisation and abuse, and we share the view that addressing these root causes is essential. In this regard, prevention is paramount, not only in parallel with, but also prior to the essential duty to provide reparation. This objective should be pursued also by a rigorous legislation as a crucial step toward fully implementing a framework that ensures adequate redress for victims, reducing the stigma experienced by victims and survivors. Madam Special Rapporteur, could you indicate any specific practices that can help ensure the rehabilitation and protection of family members of victims who did not survive their ordeal? Could you please highlight the main added value of the proposed charter? I thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Tunisia.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. We welcome the efforts of the Special Rapporteur to draft this report, and we take note of the recommendations. We reassert our steadfast determination to combat torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment. Pursuant to our constitution, we guarantee human dignity and consider that torture is a right that knows no statute of limitations, and our constitution guarantees the right to redress in cases of torture. That is developed in our legislation. We have also established a national prevention mechanism, which has been working since 2013. It works together with other associations and organisations to protect the rights of activists. We are supporting the different national structures to assist them in providing redress and rehabilitation for victims of all kinds of torture. We condemn crimes against the Palestinian people, including the degrading treatment of Palestinian civilians. and acts of torture which have been committed, intimidation and degrading practices as well against prisoners in the presence of the occupying forces.

Madam Vice-President, Sadafka comments the special repertoire for the report and notes the presentation of the charter. My delegation notes the articulation of a victim-centered framework that consolidates existing international obligations and underscores the negative impact of torture on victims and survivors. We agree that rights to protection, access to justice, and full and effective preparation for victims and survivors are firmly grounded in binding international law, including the Convention against Torture. States must ensure prompt, impartial, and independent investigations to combat impunity and provide accessible, adequately resourced rehabilitation services that restore dignity to victims and survivors. As a state, we have taken concrete steps to align our legal and institutional frameworks with international standards to criminalize torture, establish independent oversight mechanisms, strengthen access to judicial remedies, and implement training and policy reforms within law enforcement for strengthened protection. In conclusion, torture is a grave assault on human dignity and must be eradicated as an urgent priority for humanity. We call on all member states to strengthen collective action to ensure its absolute and universal elimination. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Indonesia.

Madam Vice President, Indonesia thanks the Special Rapporteur for the report. We reaffirm our commitment to the prohibitions of torture and other cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment. Over the past year, Indonesia has advanced important legal reforms to strengthen safeguards within our criminal justice system. The newly adopted criminal code provides a clear definition of torture, addressing the longstanding gap in the previous legal framework and reinforcing accountability. Indonesia has also reformed its criminal procedure framework. It reinforces due process guarantees, enhances judicial oversight, and seeks to prevent arbitrary conduct throughout investigation and detentions. Madam Vice-President, we recognize that prevention must go hand in hand with protection and recovery. By law, Indonesia has established an independent witness and victim protection agency. This agency provides safeguards against threats and intimidation and facilitates access to medical and psychosocial assistance for eligible victims and witnesses. In this context, we note the Special Rapporteur's initiative to develop the charters of rights and that it may have potential to enhance discussions on accountability and access to justice for victims and survivors. Indonesia remains committed to constructive engagement with United Nations mechanisms to advance prevention, accountability and institutional reform. I thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Albania.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. Armenia thanks the Special Rapporteur, Ms Edwards, for the presentation of her report. Armenia fully supports the approach of the Special Rapporteur, which is focused on victims, and her call for significant participation of survivors in drafting policies for prevention and rehabilitation programmes. Armenia has made significant progress in preventing torture. We have improved our establishments for detention and have brought them into line with international standards. Our strategy for justice for children guarantees that the detention of minors is exceptional. Albania has not documented any single case of torture by police officers in 2025. We have bolstered support for victims, offering them psychological and medical assistance, which is appropriate, and we are strengthening our programme of assistance to victims of domestic violence and guaranteeing effective access to justice and complete redress. To conclude, Albania thanks the Special Rapporteur for her innovative approach in the prevention and the combat against torture. Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Maldives.

Madam Vice-President, the Maldives thanks the Special Rapporteur for her insightful report and for presenting the new Charter of Rights of Victims and Survivors, which provides an important framework for action by States and stakeholders. The Maldives remains firmly committed to preventing and combating torture. Our penal code and the Anti-Torture Act of 2013 prohibit torture under all circumstances, and the Human Rights Commission of the Maldives serves as the designated national preventive mechanism under OPCAT. Amendments to the Anti-Torture Act are currently under review to enhance investigative powers, strengthen victim protection, and reinforce accountability mechanisms. The MODIS has also undertaken structural reforms to address overcrowding and improve detention conditions. Madam Vice-President, the MoD remains deeply alarmed by the systematic use of torture and other ill-treatment in detention by Israeli authorities against Palestinians. We call for full accountability of all violations, reaffirming our solidarity with the Palestinian people. Before concluding, we would like to ask the Special Rapporteur what practical steps can small island developing states take to strengthen survivor-centered rehabilitation while building sustainable accountability mechanisms. I thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Brazil.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. Brazil thanks the Special Rapporteur and commends her work on the Charter of Rights of Victims and Survivors of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, and Degrading Treatment or Punishment. We concur with the Rapporteur that systemic discrimination is a primary driver of torture. a practice of deliberate cruelty against vulnerable human beings. Eradicating all forms of discrimination and intolerance is pivotal to end this practice. Vulnerable groups must remain the primary focus of all public policies designed to combat torture. Brazil has strengthened its national system for prevention and combat of torture, focusing on discriminated and vulnerable populations. We have expanded state-level mechanisms, boosted institutional coordination, and ensured the continuous training of public agents. Brazil maintains that fostering economic independence is a vital component of our commitment to the full realization of economic, social, and cultural rights. We remain dedicated to ending torture and ill-treatment in both law and practice, ensuring non-recurrence and broadening access to justice in alignment with the Charter. Mrs. Rapporteur, could you share best practices of effective state measures to improve economic rights of survivors? Thank you.

Thank you. This was the last speaker we could accommodate for this dialogue. And we will now turn to the list of speakers for national human rights institutions and to non-governmental organizations. And first, I give the floor to Colombia Defensoria del Pueblo by video.

We, with the ombudsperson of the people of Colombia, would like to celebrate the ratification of OPCAT. This is an historical step forward. as the state seeks to pay its historic debt to people who are deprived of liberty and subjected to torture. This is a paradigmatic shift. It moves from a reactive response to a preventive logic that is focused on human dignity. However, there is an alarming horizon between 2015 and 2020 or rather the situation is alarming between 2015 and 2022 495 cases of torture were documented 52 in the hands of state agents this crisis is worsened by structural pitfalls such as overcrowding, lack of basic services. And based on this, OPCAT proposes regular independent technical visits to detention centers. This could identify patterns of ill treatment before they happen. The ombudspersons of the people office has a history of supporting victims. For this reason, we have offered our candidacy to be the body that leads this mechanism nationally. However, we warn that for the success of this initiative, it is essential that there be a comprehensive regulation that grants the ombudsperson of the People's Office autonomy resources and unrestricted access to these centers with a differential approach. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights by video.

Esteemed special reporter, esteemed participants, Russia has turned torture in a state policy and weaponized it. More than 95% of Ukrainian prisoners of war are subjected to systematic and brutal torture in Russian prisons. Beatings, electric shocks, sexual violence, severe isolation, denial of medical care, and mock executions have become their daily reality. 337 Ukrainian prisoners of war have been deliberately and brutally executed by Russian forces. Civilians in the temporarily occupied territories live in constant fear and danger. They are unlawfully abducted and subjected to torture. 392 cases of conflict-related sexual violence have been documented. These are deliberate actions of the Russian Federation, sanctioned by the highest military and political leadership. I call on the international community to urgently increase pressure on Russia to put an end to these crimes, ensure full and impartial documentation of every crime, and bring all those responsible to the most severe accountability. Recognize Russia's actions as genocide against the Ukrainian people. The world has no right to look away. These crimes demand an immediate response.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Independent Commission for Human Rights for the State of Palestine.

Mr. President, The Independent Commission for Human Rights welcomes the Special Rapporteur's survivor-centered approach and the Charter of Rights of Victims and Survivors of Torture. The Charter affirms the right to live free from torture, the right to justice, and the right to effective reparation. In this context, we must address the treatment of Palestinian detainees held by Israeli occupying authorities. The situation has severely deteriorated. Documented practices now include systematic torture, sexual harassment, and the deliberate denial of healthcare, food, water, and family contact. The lethality of the system is undeniable. Since October 7th, 88 deaths under torture have been recorded, including 52 detainees from Gaza. These are willful killings in violation of the Convention against Torture and international humanitarian law. Compounding this, the occupation is accelerating efforts to legislate a law permitting the execution of Palestinian prisoners, effectively codifying a policy of extrajudicial executions already practiced outside the law. This represents a direct assault on the Charter's first and most basic article, the right live free from torture. We therefore call for an independent investigation into treatment and deaths of Palestinian detainees. We demand full access for international monitors to all places of detention and the application of the Charter's principles of protection, justice, and reparation for Palestinians without discrimination. Thank you.

Thank you.

This was the last national human rights institute we were able to accommodate, and we continue with a list of speakers by non-governmental organizations. And first, I give the floor to Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights.

Madam Vice President, we thank the Special Rapporteur for her report. In Tibet, we continue to observe a systematic pattern of torture and ill treatment resulting in death in custody or shortly after release. Since 2014, at least 15 Tibetans have died in such circumstances. These cases involve incommunicado detention, denial of access to legal counsel and family members, torture, and withholding of adequate medical care. No independent investigations are known to have been conducted, and families are denied information and access to autopsies. In 2019, Norzang, a 36-year-old father of six, died in detention after being tortured when he refused political re-education. Gongpo Namgyal, a village leader detained in May 2024 for promoting Tibetan language, was released in December in critical condition after suffering abuse while in detention and died three days later. We are deeply concerned about Zhang Yadi, a 22-year-old human rights defender who advocated for Tibetan rights. Detained since 31st of July 2025 and charged with inciting separatism, she faces up to 15 years imprisonment. She is being held incommunicado without access to her family or a lawyer. She is at serious risk of torture and ill treatment. We call on China to end the practice of incommunicado detention and the abuses of detainees and conduct independent, impartial investigation into all custodial deaths allegation of torture. We urge states to ensure accountability for those violations. Thank you very much.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Physicians for Human Rights by video.

Distinguished Special Rapporteur, I speak as a physician representing Physicians for Human Rights, or PHR. Over the last four decades, PHR has documented a pattern of violations against migrants in the United States that frequently constitute cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment, and in some cases, amount to torture. As directed by the President of the United States, the US government has pursued immigration enforcement designed to deter, through deliberate suffering, individuals from seeking immigration relief. These harms include direct state-inflicted abuses, which PHR has documented in our research. In 2024 and again in 2025, we produced two separate reports documenting prolonged solitary confinement in immigration detention that meet the UN's definition of torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment. We've also provided evidence for the systematic medical neglect that has led to high numbers of preventable deaths in immigration detention, both in past reporting as well as in another study being published this month. And in interviews with migrants deported to Honduras from the United States, we have shown the deliberate family separation occurring in violation of the US government's own directives aimed at family unity. We urge the Special Rapporteur to conduct a country visit to the United States to address these escalating practices in your thematic work.

Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Advocates for Human Rights.

Madam Vice President, as an NGO

providing legal services to migrants in the United States, the Advocates for Human Rights thanks the Special Rapporteur for including the experiences of migrant torture survivors in her report. Our organization is based in Minneapolis, Minnesota, which has become the epicenter of an unprecedented and aggressive surge in U.S. immigration enforcement. Over the past several months, armed federal agents have descended on our community in overwhelming numbers, carrying out raids, detentions, and transfers that have terrorized families,

destabilized neighborhoods, and created a climate of fear.

These abuses flow from federal policies designed to severely restrict access to asylum protection. During recent court-ordered visits to one of the makeshift detention centers in which migrants are being held, we observed inhuman, unlawful, and degrading conditions. People were detained overnight in crowded, dirty cells without blankets, adequate food, beds, or sufficient medical screening or care. Officers frequently erect barriers to these individuals' rights to counsel and intimidate and threaten lawyers trying to access their clients. We are concerned about the government's use of chain refoulement and deportation of individuals to third countries, even when the

individual has an active asylum claim.

We call on the Special Rapporteur and all member states to publicly condemn the systemic assault on the right to seek asylum and the expansion of detention-first policies, and to urge the U.S. to align its policies with international human rights law. Thank you.

I thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Conectas Derechos Humanos.

CONACED would like to reiterate the importance of requiring Brazil to fully comply with international commitments to prevent and combat torture in the country, particularly in the care of people deprived of liberty and their families. In 2023, the Supreme Court organized an unconstitutional state of affairs in the Brazilian prison system to the systematic human rights violations and state's omission. These violations disproportionately affect black population and their families. And for every person imprisoned, at least five family members are directly affected, often facing multiple forms of violence and dependent poverty. The court ordered the development and implementation of a comprehensive strategy to address these violations in a structural manner, a task that necessarily requires commitment from federal entities in all branches of government. Instead, Congress has passed a legislation increasing prison sentences and restricting access to sentence progression, has encouraged the continued use of pretrial detention in the context of social vulnerability, such as drug use, and has thereby contributed to the continued expansion of the prison population. As highlighted in the report of the Special Rapporteur, it is urgent that the State engage in a meaningful dialogue with civil society, particularly with those most affected, in order to incorporate measures that address the situation and the consequences of incarceration in Brazil. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to World Organization Against Torture.

Good day.

My

name is Italia Mendez. In November 2023, Together with survivors of torture throughout Latin America, we held a dialogue with Dr. Alice Edwards, the Special Rapporteur on Torture. This event was an important road marker in the creation of this report. In Bogota, we shared our story and reflected collectively on the long road that we have traveled seeking justice, truth, comprehensive reparation, and guarantees of non-repetition of human rights violations committed by the states of our region. The consequences of these are still present in our lives, families, societies, and the charter of the rights of torture and the rights of victims and survivors of torture is an instrument that shares our experiences and our fights, recognizes our right to participate in the drafting of policy on the road towards the full prohibition of torture. I am part of the victims of sexual torture in Texcoco and Salvador Atenco in Mexico, after 20 years of fighting for justice, our case continues to be marked by impunity. For this reason, we recognize that this report is the result of the collective effort of victims and survivors, and we call for states and the UN system to adopt and incorporate this instrument into its policies and actions. I thank you kindly.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Americans for Democracy and Human Rights in Bahrain.

We thank the Special Rapporteur on torture for her report on reparations for torture survivors. We draw the Council's attention to four Bahraini minors whose cases were discussed by the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention These are Abbas Muslim Jumaa, Ali Hussein Matrouk Abdallah, Abdulaziz Hussein Alhammadi, and Aqeel Muslim Jumaa. The opinion documented torture, coerced confessions, unfair trials, and abusive detention conditions. We stress that Abbas Juman Ali Hussein Matrik Abdullah, who endured beatings, slaps and blows to the head and face, verbal insults and threats of rape, remain in prison. While the other two minors were released, they received no compensation or rehabilitation or any effective remedy for the torture and abuses they suffered. Bahrain has failed to remedy these grave violations. Torture, coercion, and degrading detention conditions persist, and impunity remains entrenched. We ask the rapporteur what steps will be taken to follow up on Bahrain's failure to end torture and ill-treatment of these minors, hold perpetrators accountable, and ensure full reparation. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Jubilee Campaign.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. Thank you to the Special Rapporteur for her work and this excellent report. Survivor stories have a lot to teach us. In 2014, Sudanese authorities imprisoned and sentenced Mariam Ibrahim to death for apostasy from Islam and 100 lashes for adultery since they considered her marriage to a Christian man null and void. During her detention, authorities physically and psychologically tortured her for choosing to live according to her conscience. Authorities would also directly punish her for what happened during a court hearing. She writes, she questioned said, "If I'm a Muslim girl, why can't I marry a Christian man?" When I get into a conversation like that with the judge, I end up being punished. They chain my hands behind my back, even if I'm pregnant and I have to take care of my son. They chain my hands behind my back for three days when I ask questions. So it was a very challenging time, was a very hard experience. Today, there are people being detained under dehumanizing conditions for exercising their freedom of conscience and belief. Jubilee Campaign urges the Human Rights Council to prioritize the repeal of the dehumanizing anti-apostasy, anti-blasphemy laws, including the 11 countries which sanction the death penalty for real or perceived apostasy or blasphemy. release all religious prisoners of conscience, including Sufi singer Yahya Sharif Amino in Nigeria, Christian mother Shagufta Kiran in Pakistan, Dia in Libya, Ewing Budap in Vietnam, Sayed Abdel Razek in Egypt, Christians detained by Houthis in Yemen, and hold perpetrators accountable. Thank you.

I thank you.

Next, I give the floor to CIVICUS, World Alliance for Citizen Participation.

Civicus, As-Salam DHR, and me as survivor of torture, welcome the Special Rapporteur's report, especially the charter. Human rights are indivisible and interdependent. A party to the ICCPR, Bahrain must ensure every citizen can take part in public affairs, including speaking out about torture, seeking redress and accountability, and making torture a legitimate issue in Bahrain 2026 parliamentary election. The Special Rapporteur shows that torture caused last harming, devastating families and communities and destroying trust in authorities. In Bahrain, as mentioned, and mandate notes, torture has become routine. Survivor seeks justice through recognition, truth, and accountability. They must be free to share their experience publicly and lead anti-torture advocacy to restore dignity and advice victim driving justice. Yet, Bahrain 2018 political isolation laws allows the government to bar people from voting or standing for election and to vet who may serve in NGO board, violating civil and political rights. The Charter affirms survivors' right to participate as stockholders and leaders in all efforts to address torture and ill treatment. We urge all states, including Bahrain, to adopt the Charter as a framework for policy and action. We call for the release of arbitrary imprisoned and abused human rights defenders and political activists at risk of torture, and urge States to renew the mandate of the Special Rapporteurs. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Observatorio Regional para la Mujer de America Latina y el Caribe.

President, we stand firmly with all victims of torture.

However, regarding this report, we raise a critical alert concerning its methodology and illegal conclusion.

Paragraph 21 attempts to redefine the protection of unborn life as a form of torture.

This interpretation distorts the very

definition of the crime, equating a state's sovereign duty to protect unborn life with the intentional infliction of severe pain.

While the report builds its case on selected testimonies, it overlooks clinical studies highlighting the reality of post-abortion syndrome.

Research indicates that the vulnerable woman, abortion often precipitates long-term psychological distress, including PTSD, rather than offering relief.

Therefore, asserting that abortion is a cure for the trauma of rape is scientifically contested and ethically dangerous.

For many victims, it does not address the violence, it adds a second silent trauma.

Furthermore, there is not international consensus on this expanded definition.

To assert otherwise disregards the significant reservation entered by countless member states to treaties like CEDAW.

We urge the Special Rapporteur to stop

expanding the definition of torture to advance controversial social agendas and return to combating the physical brutality that this mandate

was created to stop. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Colombian Commission of Jurists.

Madam Vice President, we would like to underscore the importance of the Charter of the Rights of Victims and Survivors of Torture as presented by the Special Rapporteur. We hope that the Colombian state welcomes it and commits to implementing the measures there described, unlike today where certain judicial authorities have converted the process of torture events into re-victimizing scenarios. We want to call attention of the Council to the situation of women that are victims in Colombia, and in particular, Paloma Sanchez. After reporting torture, she has faced judicial procedures that call into question her credibility and which puts up disproportionate burdens of proof. Paloma was impacted, was hit in her groin by a shot by agents in protests of 2021. This caused severe physical damage, persistent damage that affected her sexual and reproductive rights. Despite existing evidence, today there is no progress in the investigation against those responsible. To the contrary, her testimony has been undervalued and she has been charged unreasonably to prove the liability despite calls for investigation, reinforced investigation, in cases of possible torture and gender-based violence. We call upon this Council to call for Colombia to ensure that the search for justice does not become a new form of violence against women victims. I thank you kindly.

Thank you.

This was the last speaker we could accommodate for this dialogue. And I now give the floor back to Ms. Edwards for her concluding remarks. You have the floor.

Thank you, Excellency. First of all, I would like to thank Senegal for their further updates on the action they've taken and continue to preview since my visit. And I'm also looking forward to visiting Morocco in a few weeks. I thank you all for the very many updates of progress and developments that you are undertaking or that you are putting in train. However, we've also heard very sobering stories of the reality in the world of torture and cruelty persisting in situations of armed conflict, occupation, under authoritarian regimes, democratic regimes, as well as during migration. Many of you, and I am encouraged and humbled by the number of member states that have welcomed the Charter and in concrete ways have asked around how can they implement the Charter more fully. My report sets out an A to Z of recommendations in the back which will firmly point you in the right direction, but let me give you a few remarks now. First, review relevant national anti-torture laws and strategies on torture prevention and reparation through the lens of the Survivors' Charter and Survivors' Priorities and adopt the Charter as a framework for action. To strengthen access to rehabilitation and long-term support, including for family members, as was mentioned. to ensure investigations are effective and survivor-centered, and importantly, to involve survivors meaningfully in designing policies that affect them. Some asked, how should this be carried out? Of course, discuss this with your own survivors, but of course, advisory groups, co-chairing initiatives, submissions, et cetera. And fund and give space to survivor organizations, including through the UN Voluntary Fund. And finally, I would call on you to adopt this charter as a UN document, potentially in the next torture resolution in 2027. There were many more comments, and I think this points to the fact that we need more conversations about this, and I would look to the United Nations to potentially organize some other stages in this process. In terms of added value, the Survivors' Charter is a practical guide embedded in survivors' perspectives on their rights to help states close the gap between rights on paper and the reality in people's lives. Again, I urge you to adopt the Charter as a framework for action. I would also like to address torture-free trade. Mongolia, on behalf of the Global Alliance, asked a question about what states can do to ensure that items that inherently cause torture or which should be controlled. First of all, I would say take a stock take of what weapons you are buying, purchasing and developing. Engage with national regulations to control this. as well as set up risk assessment modalities. I would invite you all to join the Global Alliance for Torture-Free Trade. And I would also today suggest that these discussions move from New York to Geneva. This is the home of human rights, as well as where you all have your trade missions. So I think that would be a much more productive way forward. Is that my time? Well, I'm ahead of time, so I may take a couple of the points. There was a question from China, Mexico, and Afghanistan, specifically regarding migration and in the context of what can be done to ensure that those individuals are also protected from torture and violence. First, I would say, of course, we need humane immigration and asylum policies and laws. Of course, when people are detained, they have a right to consular assistance, or in the case of refugee and asylum seekers the right to have UNHCR visit them as a substitute. When people are returned, it's important that there are protections from reprisals, which is also part of the terrible journey of refugees, migrants and asylum seekers. And then I think I'll turn to just concluding that as this is my last report to this Human Rights Council, I want to express my appreciation for all the various states that have engaged very constructively and openly with my mandate. We have a very long road to go. The road of human rights is never linear. It is in fact a journey of backwards and forwards, but we need to keep our eyes on the future, which is a future free of torture. I would also like to express my great appreciation to civil society organizations, survivor-led organizations, and victims and survivors who have met with me and spoken to me throughout my mandate, giving a very important added information and insights into the work of this mandate. I'd also like to thank the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for their support throughout. And I think on that, I would just wish you all bon continuation. I am going to still be in post until the end of July, and I look forward to continuing to engage with you. Thank you.

Thank you very much, Ms. Salis. Jill Edwards says this was indeed your last interactive dialogue with the Council. I wish to take this opportunity to express on behalf of the Council our deep gratitude for your valuable contributions you have made to the work of this Council and to wish you every success in your future endeavors. This brings us to the end of this interactive dialogue. I wish to thank once more the Special Rapporteur for her participation. And we will now take a short break before holding the interactive dialogue with the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion and belief.

Play all songs of Shakti Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki.

Excellencies, dear participants, we will proceed to the interactive dialogue with Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief. Let me welcome the mandate holder, Ms. Nasila Khaneh. The list of speakers will close in 15 minutes. I would ask the room, please, to sit down and stop talking. So we will proceed with an interactive dialogue with the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief. And let me welcome the mandate holder, Ms. Nazila Keneah. The list of speakers will close in 15 minutes. And it will be my pleasure to give the floor now to Ms. Kania to present her reports.

Honorable Chair, Excellencies, Distinguished Delegates, it's an honor to present to you report AHRC/61/50. At the outset of this 61st session of the UN Human Rights Council, High Commissioner Volker Turk reminded us that human rights are not political currency and they are not up for grabs. Our future depends on our joint commitment to defend every person's rights, every time, everywhere, he said. This report argues that the universality of respect and dignity applies in life, but also in death, the two being irreversibly linked. The thematic report examines how freedom of religion or belief offers significant rights insights with regards to death and honouring the deceased. The term funeral rights is used to capture the related human rights, both individual and collective, regarding the wide range of religious laws, observances, practices and traditions associated with death and mourning. That includes last rites, preparation of the body through embalming or otherwise, burial, cremation or other practices such as early burial, washing, preparing and shrouding the body, specific communal prayers, funeral processions and commemorations or ceremonies of remembrance without religious elements. As freedom of religion or belief is a universal entitlement that is open to everyone on an equal basis, This necessarily includes the wide diversity of practices relating to persons and communities belonging to minority as well as majority, indigenous and non-religious traditions, persons holding religions or beliefs of African origin and others. The report observes that funeral rights are often overlooked as rights entitlements, over-regulated or denied outright in discriminatory ways. Regrettably, the mandate receives regular and harrowing reports of violations and infringements from acts of vandalism and destruction of graveyards, indigenous peoples' remains being displaced from their burial lands, preventing the honouring of ancestors, disruption to funerals, and the denial of facilities and land necessary for funeral and mourning rites. Whether arising from legislative gaps or violations in policy and practice, such acts deny equality and dignity at one of the most emotive and challenging of life's junctures. In response to the call for inputs for this report, over 126 inputs, some as written submissions and others through hybrid workshops, were received. I wish to express my sincere appreciation for those valuable contributions. In fact, the richness of those inputs led to the realization that the scope of this topic requires it to be addressed in two parts. This report deals with how freedom of religion or belief relates to death and honoring the deceased in regular situations, and the forthcoming report to the General Assembly will address the topic in relation to exceptional circumstances, for example, armed conflict, gross human rights violations, persons deprived of their liberty, the death penalty, the aftermath of police or counter-terrorism operations, protests, health emergencies, repatriation, climate change, and transitional justice matters. Many of the state inputs related to this second topic and will enrich the General Assembly report. States should uphold funeral rights without discrimination, and they must accommodate diverse funeral rights practices to the highest extent possible. For example, by ensuring equal and practicable access to burial grounds and related facilities, preventing and responding to interference, whether by state or non-state actors, and ensuring accountability and effective remedies, including for hate-motivated crimes and desecration of sites. The report notes that funeral rites are explicitly protected in international legal instruments as a manifestation of religion or belief, as they relate to, inter alia, worship and assembly, rites and customs associated with the respective belief, and the holding of ceremonies in accordance with the precepts of the respective religion or belief. All limitations on manifestation of religious belief must meet the strict legality, necessity, proportionality tests. International human rights law therefore requires that any limitations on funeral rights must be enshrined in a law that is not discriminatory. There must be an absolute necessity for the limitation applied through the least restrictive measure possible, respecting proportionality, and where morality is the ground, if it can be, that it must be based on morals from more than one tradition. Funeral rights are not exclusively related to freedom of religious belief, however. Other rights that they relate to include non-discrimination, privacy, family life, peaceful assembly, association, cultural rights, minority rights, property rights, the right to life, the prohibition of torture and ill-treatment. Why do I say the prohibition of torture and other ill treatment? It's because of the fact that severe restrictions on funeral rights can amount to coercion of the living, especially when designed to compel living next of kin to convert through pressuring them during the emotive time of the burial of their dead and forcing them to dishonor their deceased, at least from their perspective. Freedom of religion or belief, the report outlines, makes eight specific contributions to funeral rights. One of these includes clarifying the rights holders of funeral rights as, first, the deceased; second, the next of kin and family; and, third, the community of practice. Upholding the specificities of exercise of funeral rights starts at the core, regarding the deceased themselves, and their stated funeral preferences, then their next of kin and family, and then their community of practice, those who essentially hold the same funeral practices. Distinguished delegates, where freedom of religion or belief is not adequately reflected in the constitutional and legislative order of the state, this will have its consequences on the enjoyment of funeral rights. At its most grave, the state itself is at the forefront of implementing exclusionary policies targeting the funeral rights of particular religions and beliefs, and claiming that such exclusionary actions are legal. These largely result from the denial of the recognition of the right to freedom of religious belief. In turn, this implicates the specificities of their laws, observances, and practices, which can't even be taken into consideration. However, it also relates to the legislative frameworks providing for funeral rights, which, although ostensibly neutral, in fact, may enforce restrictions on other religions or beliefs. State obligation and facilitation rules regarding funeral rights are just not possible where there is no recognition or at least acknowledgement of the religion or belief of the deceased, whether de jure or de facto. Observances and practices around death and the deceased are almost always in community with others and in public. Hence, some recognition or at least acknowledgment of the religion or belief community concerned is necessary to enable those observances and practices to proceed. Ostensibly neutral laws erase the specificity of the laws, observances, and practices relating to funeral rights, leading to violations and direct or indirect discrimination. Across law, policy, and practice, the report documents recurring patterns of restrictions and violations, drawing from lack of recognition, with so-called neutral rules in practice privileging and enforcing majoritarian customs, zoning and administrative barriers to cemeteries and facilities, and desecration, vandalism, and destruction. The report concludes by underscoring that dignity and equality do not end at death. It urges States and other actors to move beyond formal equality and adopt practical consultative measures that accommodate diverse funeral practices while strengthening prevention, protection and accountability so that violations around death and remembrance are not ignored. Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, the report ends with the key invitation for States to recognize the relevance of freedom of religion or belief to funeral rights for individuals and the collective. I will go through at the next opportunity how respect, protect, fulfill, promote and accountability are key to addressing relevant rights. Madam Vice-President, upon the invitation of the Government, I visited Zambia from 31 March to 11 April 2025, and I wish to express my gratitude to the Government and, in particular, the Department of National Guidance and Religious Affairs of the Office of the Vice-President for its cooperation and coordination. The purpose, of course, was to assess freedom of thought, conscience, religion and belief in Zambia, welcome positive practices and identify any obstacles to the enjoyment of that right, and to offer recommendations. More than 35 meetings were held across national and municipal levels in three locations, with government and non-government actors alike. I also reviewed the laws, policies and practices in the light of international obligations. I wish to emphasize that there is a strong conciliatory spirit evident from Zambians, and there is much to be proud of in Zambia's more than six decades of independence. However, there is also room for progress with some societal risks that are at play. Blind spots and oversight have given rise to some of these challenges. What sufficed in the past in terms of laws and practices will not sufficiently protect rights at present and into the future, and there is a need to give full effect to freedom of religious belief for all. Accommodation of different religion or belief manifestations, the protection of Zambia's strong social fabric from the politicization of religion, and greater due diligence and exercise of positive obligations are merited and offered as recommendations in the report. I stand ready to support their implementation in every way. Thank you.

Thank you very much.

According to our practice, we will start by hearing from the delegation of the country concerned. And I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Zambia. You have five minutes.

Mr. President, Zambia welcomes the report of the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion and belief and expresses sincere appreciation for her visit to Zambia. This visit, undertaken at the invitation of the Government, reflects the principled and voluntary commitment of Government to engage constructively with the United Nations human rights mechanisms. We welcome the overall posture of the report, which acknowledges Zambia's long-standing atmosphere of proactive religious tolerance and peaceful coexistence among different faiths. We believe that Zambia offers best practices for religious tolerance in practice. As reflected in the report, Zambia has historically fostered interfaith cooperation and maintained social harmony within a richly diverse religious landscape. This culture of unity in diversity remains a very strong and defining feature of our nation. We have carefully noted areas identified as blind spots, requiring close reflection and further refinement. Zambia reaffirms willingness to engage constructively with the mandate holder and with this Council to continue strengthening the protection of freedom of religion or belief for all. We, however, observe with concern that certain aspects of the report appear to rely on unverified and generalized assertion ascribing responsibility to the state over some instances stemming from unfortunate and possibly unreported individual encounters. While Zambia does not dismiss the possibility that individual prejudices and wrongdoing will exist, as in any society, it is important to distinguish such isolated incidences from systemic state practice. Our constitutional and legal framework provides clear protections and avenues for redress. Where violations occur, remedies are sufficiently available through law enforcement, the courts, the Human Rights Commission and other oversight mechanism. With respect to the constitutional framework, the report states that the declaration of Zambia as a Christian nation had no consultations countrywide. On the contrary, a review of the reports of the provincial and national Constitutional Conferences can reveal the depth of debate and emotion in support of this declaration. The report acknowledges that Zambia is a democracy with over 95% of the Zambian population subscribing to Christianity. This notwithstanding and recognition of different minority religious persuasion, the declaration was inset in the non-operative part of the Constitution, juxtaposed with the equal recognition of other religion. This is not domination. This is unity in diversity and practice in our nation. The report acknowledges Zambia's strong national values and principles. It, however, does not underscore the comprehensive nature of Article 8 and 9, which demands the application of the national values in the interpretation of the Constitution. These values are secular in nature and apply universally regardless of religious affiliation. They strengthen, not weaken, inclusive governance. The report further states that Article 19 of the Zambian Constitution differs from Article 18 of the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights and implies a derogation. Zambia respectively does not share this conclusion. While textual differences exist, they do not necessarily equate to diminished protection. Article 19 expressly guarantees freedom of thought, conscience and religion, including freedom to change and to manifest one's religion or belief. In conclusion, Zambia reaffirms its commitment to dignity, equality before the law, unity in diversity, and peaceful coexistence for all persons, regardless of religion or belief. I thank you.

Thank you, Excellency. I now invite interested delegations to ask questions to the Special Rapporteur and to make comments on her reports. The speaking time is one minute, 30 seconds for all. I would like to recall also that the duration of interactive dialogues is one hour and 30 minutes. However, if time permits, additional delegations will be able to speak. With this understanding, I first give the floor to Pakistan on behalf of Organization of Islamic Cooperation.

Madam Vice President, last rights, according to one's beliefs, are a fundamental part of the human experience. Their violation inflicts profound spiritual and psychological harm. Mourning practices do not only constitute essential expressions of faith, but mark the preservation or continuity of inherent human dignity beyond life and in death. Islamic jurisprudence has consistently upheld the dignity of non-Muslim deceased, separate cemeteries and last rites that honor their faith or traditions. We regret that some of the submissions underlying the report paint an incomplete picture that is open to misinterpretation. Madam Vice President, acts such as cemetery desecration, denial of timely burial, and obstruction of mourning rituals strike at individual and collective dignity. They compound the pain and loss. When it occurs at scale, the result is mass trauma. The OIC group is deeply concerned by reports of restrictions in certain countries on Islamic burial practices and recurrent grave desecration. In some cases, graves and historic shrines are removed to make way for infrastructure or commercial development. We must also draw attention to the horrific situation in the occupied Palestinian territory, particularly the Gaza Strip. Estimated thousands remain trapped beneath rubble and denied proper burial. Countless others have been vaporized by high-temperature weapons, leaving no remains to honour with funeral rites. Thank you.

I thank you.

The list of speakers is now closed. Next, I give the floor to the European Union.

Madam Vice-President, the European Union wishes to thank the Special Rapporteur for her report, shining a light on the topic of honouring the deceased. This topic affects all people around the world equally. As freedom of religion and belief is central to ensuring dignity to each human being, this is especially

true in the context of death and mourning.

Madam Vice-President, allow me to congratulate the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on its 40th anniversary. This significant milestone speaks volumes of the importance of this human right, not only as a pillar for ensuring that every individual can live according to their own beliefs and choices, but also as a cornerstone of peaceful, inclusive,

and resilient societies.

40 years on, the mandate remains highly relevant. Many persons across the world,

including in Europe, continue to face intolerance, stigmatisation, discrimination, hatred, persecution and violence because of their religion

or belief or lack thereof.

The EU reaffirms its steadfast commitment to the right to freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief for all.

We work both at home and internationally to uphold this right, but there is still much to do. Special Rapporteur, 40 years on, how can states better assist the mandate in pursuing its work?

Thank you.

I thank you.

And next, I give the floor to Saudi Arabia on behalf of Group of Arab States.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. I'm making this statement on behalf of the Arab Group of Arab States, which has examined the report Death does not mean that the person should lose dignity, and Arab countries place particular importance on religious rights. We are particularly attached to a culture which guarantees these rights and respect to the individual. need to take account of the funeral procedures and the way in which we can honor the deceased. We promote tolerance and peace in society. The report mentions vandalism and desecration and this strengthens feelings of hatred and undermines mutual respect between individuals in societies. The Arab Group researches that the physical integrity and dignity of the individual is primordial and that should prevail and should be guaranteed. Thank you.

Thank you very much. Next, I give the floor to Bahrain on behalf of Cooperation Council for the

Arab States of the Gulf.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. We take note of the report presented by the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief and the right to funeral rites. And this is part of respecting dignity and reflects the values which are enshrined firmly in our societies. The Charter on Human Rights at the Gulf Cooperation Council states that respecting culture is an obligation. This is an ethical and human responsibility, and this is respected by all countries of the GCC. The organization of funerals should take place pursuant to the national framework, taking account of the health and sanitation situation in the country. We should combat any desecration or violation, vandalism, which does undermine respect to the members of a society. We must seek to strengthen human dignity in all circumstances and promote values and human rights.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Kenya on behalf of Group of African States.

President, it's an honor for me to deliver this statement on behalf of the African group. The African group take note of the report of the Special Rapporteur on how freedom of religion or beliefs relates to death and honoring the deceased. The report draws attention to significant but frequently disregarded aspects of human rights. Across Africa, funeral customs and memorial ceremonies are deeply rooted in culture and traditional traditions. Honoring the deceased reflects values of dignity, community solidarity, and respect for ancestors. As a result, we acknowledge that funeral customs may be an expression of faith or belief and ought to be safeguarded in compliance with the national human rights law. The African Group also emphasizes that States have the sovereign authority to control issues like public health, land use and public order. Any restriction thereof must adhere to legality, necessity and proportionality standards while guaranteeing equal treatment and non-discrimination before the law. We take note of the report's reference to issues related to access to burial sites and preservation of cemeteries, as well as the importance of ensuring that funeral rites are carried out in a manner that respects cultural and religious diversity. Dialogue inclusive engagement and context-appropriate responses at the national level are crucial to addressing such issues in a manner that respects cultural and religious traditions and promotes social cohesion. When creating regulations that impact pastoral rights, the Africa Group stresses the value of consulting with traditional leaders, religious and belief organizations, and other pertinent parties. Constructive engagement strengthens social harmony and mutual respect in diverse societies. Madam President, the African Group reiterates its commitment to advancing and defending everyone's right to the freedom of religion.

Thank you very much. Next, I give the floor to Norway on behalf of the Group of countries.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President, Madam Special Rapporteur. I have the honour to deliver this statement on behalf of the Nordic-Baltic States: Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden, and my own country, Norway. Madame Special Rapporteur, we thank you for your comprehensive report and for its inclusive approach. You rightly highlight that funeral rites are protected under the right to manifest religion or belief in worship, observance, and practice. Death and mourning are parts of everyone's life and, consequently, a central aspect of most, if not all, religion or belief communities. We underline, therefore, that protection of human rights is particularly vital in such moments of grief and heightened vulnerability. We recall our full commitments to these standards and to our collective efforts to promote and protect freedom of religion or belief, including through your mandate. Madame Special Rapporteur, here comes our question: Beyond reporting, how can awareness of the importance of funeral and burial rights as part of the manifestation of freedom of religion or belief be further strengthened. I thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Nigeria.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. Nigeria thanks the Special Rapporteur for her report. Our Constitution guarantees the freedom of religion or belief, including the right to hold any belief or none. As a secular state, Nigeria remains firmly committed to protecting peaceful coexistence among all faith communities. The report's focus on dignity in death speaks directly to a reality many Nigerian communities are facing with deep anguish. We are deeply grieved by attacks, including in Kwara State, against innocent worshippers and those who rejected extremist ideologies. acts are tragic, inhumane, and a direct assault on the fabric of our nation. Nigeria unequivocally condemns these atrocities. Beyond the loss of life, this violence seeks to intimidate communities and violate the sacred right of families to bury and honor their loved ones according to their beliefs. We stress that these perpetrators are non-state criminal actors whose actions do not represent the government and stand in clear violation of our constitutional guarantees. Madam Vice President, we are strengthening security measures and pursuing accountability for perpetrators to ensure that every citizen, regardless of creed or tribe, stands protected. Finally, Nigeria looks forward to the Special Rapporteur's visits to Nigeria and to constructive engagements that will further strengthen freedom of religion and belief in our country. I thank you, Madam Vice President.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Iran.

Madam Vice President, Iran aligns itself with the statement delivered by the OIC. The unlawful aggression carried out by the American-Israeli axis of aggression, targeting and martyrdom of our Supreme Leader, al-Imam al-Shahid Sayyid Ali Khamenei, not only the highest political authority of the state, but a grand religious authority whose spiritual leadership extended far beyond our national borders. He was a source of guidance for millions of Muslims across different countries. When a religious authority of such stature is martyred, the rights of his followers to practice, manifest, and preserve their faith are profoundly violated. This act strikes at the heart of religious identity and collective spiritual life.

It is an attack on the dignity of believers and on the very principles this Council is mandated to uphold.

The command and final message of the martyred Imam are now being carried forward.

His path will not be abandoned.

Those responsible have crossed the red line. We, as followers of this great religious leader, together with our armed forces, will stand and fight to our very last breath and to the ultimate sacrifice so that no enemy will ever again dare to martyr another Imam. I thank you, Madam Vice-President.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Sovereign Order of Malta.

Madam Vice-President, The Sovereign Order of Malta welcomes the.

Special Rapporteur's report, which reminds us of the importance of human sensitivity and the equal respect owed to all in the practice of mourning and grief.

We must recognize that in these poignant moments of life, religion, tradition and sacred sites play a crucial role.

Places of worship are vital to communal life and.

Foster greater inclusion and acceptance of different communities that make a society. No religious practice or tradition should be disregarded during such critical moments.

The conversion of individuals should not be prohibited by law. Likewise, access to cemeteries and the provision of specific religious accommodations must be guaranteed.

Acts of vandalism against religious sites should be unequivocally condemned by States and effectively prevented and prosecuted.

The Order of Malta reaffirms its strong commitment to respect and promote freedom of religion or belief. Through our worldwide humanitarian efforts, we ensure that the basic needs of persons of all faiths are met. Safeguarding access to sacred sites, the free exercise of the right to practice one's own religion are essential.

To foster a peaceful society.

Madam Special Rapporteur, in humanitarian crisis and conflicts, how can freedom of religion or belief be protected in the dignified treatment and honoring the deceased? I thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Holy See.

Madam Vice President, my delegation takes note of the Special Rapporteur's presentation on the relationship between religious freedom, death, and honoring the deceased, and appreciates the report's recognition of the respect owed to the deceased.

And the related responsibilities of their families and communities. For many believers, burying the dead is a religious obligation. For the Catholic Church, it is an act of charity and justice, as well as a fundamental manifestation of the belief in afterlife. Burial rights are a confirmation that the human body is an integral part of the person's dignity and possesses a transcendent dignity that remains even after death.

My delegation wishes to offer three specific remarks.

One, desecration of cemeteries must be recognized as far more than just property damage. Two, burial rights and the timely return of remains must never be used as tools of political pressure. Three, freedom of religion or belief must be protected, especially during the most vulnerable moments of life. The right of the dying to receive spiritual assistance and of the bereaved to be supported by their faith communities are essential manifestations of respect of religious belief. Denying this access violates the God-given dignity of the human person in their greatest time of need. Thank you, Madam Vice-President.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Vietnam.

Vice President, Vietnam reaffirms its consistent policy of respecting and protecting the right to freedom of religion and belief for all individuals as enshrined in its constitution and reflected in the 2016 Law on Belief and Religion. We recognize the diversity of religious life in our country and actively facilitate the lawful activities of religious communities, including their rights related to death, mourning, and burial. Vietnam maintains that all citizens, regardless of belief, are entitled to dignity in life and in death. Vietnam stands ready to cooperate with UN member states and UN human rights mechanisms to ensure that religious and belief practices including funeral rights, are respected worldwide in accordance with domestic laws and international commitments. At the same time, we strongly believe that information mentioned in UN's reports should be based on verified information through thorough consultation with the state concerned. I thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Cameron.

Madame Vice-President, Cameroon thanks the Special Rapporteur for the presentation of her report, which is devoted to a particularly sensitive and profoundly human aspect of the freedom of religion or conviction, that is, respect of the deceased and funeral rites. In the African context in general, and in the situation in Cameroon in particular, funeral rites play a central role in promoting social cohesion, respecting human dignity and in transmitting values between generations. And it is part of freedom of religion and convictions, but also expressing respect of the human individual before and after death. Catherine reasserts that freedom of religion and worship is guaranteed in the constitution and is exercised in a spirit of tolerance, inter-religious dialogue and peaceful coexistence between the different communities in the country. This diversity enriches our country. We share the analysis according to which that any restriction on funeral practices should be exceptional and strictly in line with principles of need and proportionality. So if there's a public health emergency, for example, or to maintain public order, And we consider that the protection of funeral rights is part of respecting human dignity to prevent community tension and to strengthen peaceful coexistence. Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Hungary.

Thank you, Ms. Vice President. First, we would like to voice our support for the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief and thank Ms. Ganea for her recent report on freedom of religion with regard to the death and dignity for the deceased. Hungary attaches great importance to ensuring free access to places of prayer and worship, viewing this as a prerequisite for the full realization of religious freedom. Consequently, a key pillar of our support for religious minorities is assisting in the restoration and reconstruction of their places of worship through the Hungary Helps program. In Lebanon, for instance, we have contributed to the renovation of 63 churches, and we remain fully committed to continuing this vital work. Furthermore, as cemeteries serve as sacred spaces for reflection and religious rites, honouring the deceased, guaranteeing free access to these sites is also an intrinsic component of religious freedom. We therefore applaud global efforts to protect funeral rights. Hungary reaffirms that the protection and promotion of freedom of religion or belief are not only international obligations under human rights law, but also essential pillars of social cohesion, mutual respect and peaceful coexistence. We would also like to take this opportunity to draw your attention to a side event organized by the Permanent Mission of Hungary tomorrow at 11:00 on persecuted persons belonging to the Christian community. I thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Slovakia. Microphone. Please, can you start again?

Can you hear me?

Madam Vice-President, can you hear me? Okay, now. Madam Vice-President, Madam Special Rapporteur, Slovakia welcomes the comprehensive report of the Special Rapporteur on the relationship between freedom of religion or belief and death and honouring the deceased. We appreciate the clear articulation that so-called funeral rights are an integral part of the manifestation of religion or belief, protected under Article 18 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The report rightly reminds us that dignity does not end with death and that respect for burial rights, mourning practices and commemorations is closely linked to equality and non-discrimination and human dignity. Slovakia notes the range of challenges identified in the report, and we are particularly concerned by documented cases of denial of burial rights, destruction and vandalism of cemeteries, coercion of families in moments of grief, and discriminatory zoning or administrative practices that disproportionately affect religious minorities and indigenous people. Such acts not only violate freedom of religion or belief, but may also amount to coercion and inhuman treatment of surviving relatives. We agree that neutral legislation alone is often insufficient. States must ensure that law and policies adequately accommodate the diversity of religious and belief-based funeral practices while respecting the principles of legality, necessity, and proportionality in any limitations.

Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Rwanda.

Madam Vice President, Rwanda reaffirms that freedom of religion or belief, as enshrined in international human rights law, is a fundamental right. any limitations must be prescribed by law and be necessary and proportionate to protect public safety, public order, health, and the rights and freedom of others. Rwanda remains committed to safeguarding this right while ensuring that regulatory frameworks governing religious institutions are applied in a transparent, non-discriminatory, and proportionate manner, consistent with constitutional guarantees and international human rights obligations. We believe that the protection of freedom of religion or belief, when implemented in a manner that reinforces accountability, public trust, and social cohesion, contributes to peaceful and resilient societies. Madam Special Rapporteur, what practical measures can the government adopt to ensure that regulation concerning freedom of religion or belief, including funeral rites, remains transparent, proportionate, and clearly anchored in legitimate public interests, while preventing misperceptions that such measures aim to restrict the right itself. I thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to India.

Madam Vice President, India takes note of the report. We recognize states' obligation to ensure that deceased persons are treated with dignity and respect, including in the handling of human remains. India is a multilingual, multi-ethnic, and multi-religious society where funeral and burial practices are as diverse as its faiths and communities, governed by general laws, religious personal laws, and local regulations underpinned by a strong commitment to non-discrimination. We regret that the report relies on politically motivated and factually incorrect allegations from self-styled advocacy organizations with a record of ideological bias and hostility towards India. leading to a portrayal that ignores India's scale, diversity, and constitutional protections. Disputes remaining regarding burial or cremation sites in India are localized, fact-specific issues shaped by land use, community preferences, and urban planning consideration. They do not reflect any state policy of discrimination, and if and when disputes arise, they are adjudicated by independent courts subjected to constitutional guarantees and statutory protections. Regulation of burial and cremation in India is primarily undertaken by local authorities in consultation with communities, and it is inaccurate to generalize from isolated interpersonal conflicts and disputes. We reject attempts to link such disputes with laws regulating religious conversions by force, inducement or fraud. These are legally distinct questions. The report also conflates tribal populations in India with indigenous peoples, contrary to India's constitutional framework and its explanation of the adoption of UNDRIP. India remains firmly committed to protecting freedom of religion or belief, including funeral rites. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Cuba.

Madam Vice-President, we appreciate the presentation from the Special Rapporteur and the report on funeral rights. This is a matter that is addressed infrequently, but it is relevant nonetheless. The deep impact of death is a human experience that is universal. For this reason, we must protect the human rights regarding death and the honoring of the deceased. The Cuban constitution guarantees the right to religious freedom and freedom of belief without discrimination. The full enjoyment of this right is protected by our state. In Cuba, there is a norm governing this. All beliefs and religions are equally regarded and respected, as are their rights and customs, including those tied to the honoring of the deceased and the practice of mourning. Madam Vice President, we reject the inclusion of Cuba in the politically motivated list drafted by the government of the United States to unilaterally judge religious freedom in other countries. We reject the political manipulation of the right to religious freedom or to beliefs or any other human right. Cuba reaffirms its commitment to religious freedom and our rejection of intolerance, violence, and any type of discrimination against persons based on their religion or belief. Much obliged, Madam Vice President.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Namibia.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. Namibia welcomes the comprehensive report of the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief. The report focuses on very important aspects of freedom of religion or beliefs regarding funeral rites. We refer to the excerpts from the report which states: "In Namibia, the authorities reportedly consult with religious organizations and indigenous chiefs when making new statutes on funeral rites. Moreover, the The Ministry of Gender Equality and Child Welfare has started a program to protect the funeral rights of marginalized religious communities, since lack of representation sometimes results in sacred lands being taken away. We consider these statements to be positive and indicative of our government's commitment to protect its citizens' freedom of thought, conscience, and belief, and freedom to practice any religion to manifest such practice. The government has established a functioning program to cater for the burial of persons living with disability, members of marginalized communities, old age pensioners and veterans, as reflected in the report of the Ombudsman referenced by the Special Rapporteur. Namibia has a legal framework which provides for the protection of funeral rights. Furthermore, the legal framework complies with Article 18 of the ICCPR and Article 15 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Namibia welcomes the recommendation of the Special Rapporteur that states recognize the relevance of freedom of religion or belief to burial rights. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Ethiopia.

Madam Vice President, we thank the Special Rapporteur for her timely and thoughtful report. Ethiopia is deeply committed to upholding human rights across all dimensions, as demonstrated by our ongoing efforts to protect the rights of freedom of religion and beliefs, as well as prohibition of torture. As a signatory to various international human rights instruments, Ethiopia has made significant strides in promoting religious freedoms. Our constitution guarantees freedom of religion and beliefs, and separation of state and religion, and equality before law without discrimination on the ground of religion. This commitment is further reflected in our rich culture and religious diversities, where Ethiopia of all faiths are able to coexist peacefully. The government of Ethiopia actively promotes interfaith dialogues and fosters an environment of mutual respect and tolerance. Ethiopia recognizes that funeral rites and commemoration practice are deeply rooted manifestations of religion and beliefs. As a multi-religious and multi-ethnic society with centuries of old Christianity, Muslims, and other phases, traditions, Ethiopia places strong emphasis on respect of religious diversity, including burial rites, mourning ceremonies, and commemorations. In a diverse society, promoting tolerance, interface dialogues, and peaceful coexistence remains essential to preventing coercion, discrimination, or exclusion in a matter relating to days and commemorations. In conclusion, Ethiopia reaffirms the freedom of religion and belief is foundational to human rights, dignity, and life. And in this, I think.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Paraguay.

We appreciate the report from the Special Rapporteur, indeed, tackling the death of a loved one is closely tied to the freedom of religion and beliefs. We agree that sharing the mourning can offer consolation, relief, intergenerational belonging, and acceptance. I would like to know that Paraguay does have one of the highest amounts of proportions of Catholics in Latin America. However, freedom of religion is constitutionally guaranteed, and the constitution prohibits religious discrimination. the duty of the state to recognize the absolute rights of all people to have or adopt religion or belief of their choice without being under duress. Paraguay reaffirms its commitment to promoting an environment in which all beliefs can be practiced freely and respectfully, without restrictions or without a denial of funeral rights. All of these affect the loved ones. We appreciate the recommendations proposed in the report. We recognize the importance of ensuring freedom of religion and belief where the funeral rites are part or rather take take place or take to in commemorative displays. Finally, Madam Special Rapporteur, we, what recommendations do you believe are priority to protect the funeral rights of indigenous persons tied to ancestral lands and sacred, sacred places? Thank you very much.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Sierra Leone.

Madam Vice President, with the statements by the African Group and thanks, Special Rapporteur. Ms. Nazila Ghanian for her report. We look forward to the upcoming report to the General Assembly that addresses these rights in exceptional circumstances such as armed conflicts, mass human rights violations, and transitional justice. We consider the ability to honor the deceased according to one's faith, traditions, and customs to be vital, yet often under-discussed dimensions of religious freedom. We strongly condemn discriminatory practices that undermines this freedom. Burial practices are closely linked to human dignity and religious identity, so they must be respected by states. Our constitution guarantees this freedom, and institutions like the Interreligious Council play a central role in promoting peaceful coexistence among all religions and their practices. Sierra Leone's consistent 4/4 rating for freedom of religion in Freedom House rankings reflect this commitment. In this spirit, we acknowledge the Special Rapporteur's recommendations and support a comprehensive approach to bear rights grounded in equality dignity and non-discrimination at the same time we must remain mindful of the distinct cultural and religious practices of indigenous peoples and minorities we will continue to honor and uphold the sanctity of religious beliefs including the fundamental elements associated with burial rights and I thank you madam vice president

thank you next I give the floor to Botswana

Madam Vice President, Botswana welcomes the insightful report of the Special Rapporteur and its emphasis on the mourning practices embody human dignity resonates strongly with societal values and traditions in Botswana. We are deeply concerned by the persistent acts of discrimination highlighted in the report, including the denial of burial spaces, interference with funerals, and the desecration of cemeteries targeting religious minorities. These acts not not only violate fundamental freedoms, but also inflict lasting harm on families and communities. Botswana underscores that freedom of religion or belief should protect the dignity of the deceased, honor the wishes of the family, and respect cultural and spiritual practices of all communities. We therefore support the call for states to ensure genuine engagement with affected groups and on the basis of equality. Botswana remains committed to safeguarding the dignity of individuals and communities and working collaboratively to uphold these universal rights. I thank you, Madam Vice President.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to China.

Madam Vice President, China notes that in her report, the SR has focused on protecting the funeral traditions of different religious groups and indigenous peoples, but regrets the erroneous citation of false information concerning China. It is well known that the lies cooked up by some Western media outlets were thoroughly refuted years ago. We hope that SR will respect fundamental facts, perform her duties impartially and objectively in line with the Council's mandate and the Code of Conduct for Mandate Holders, and avoid being misled or exploited by ill-intentioned actors. China implements a policy of freedom of religious belief, upholds religious harmony, fosters positive and sound religious relations, and respects and protects the citizens' right to believe

in or not believe in any religion.

China has never experienced religious strife, and all religions thrive and coexist in harmony. The regulations on funeral and burial administration have been in force since 1997 and consistently stipulate that the funeral customs of ethnic minorities shall be respected. The regulations were recently revised and will take effect at the end of this month, reinforcing the public interest character of the funeral services industry.

Thank you, Madam.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Kuwait.

Thank you, Vice President. My delegation aligns itself with the statements of all the groups that we belong to, and we take note of the report of the Special Rapporteur. The Kuwait reiterates its firm commitment to the respect of the freedom of religion and practice of religious rights within the framework of the constitutional law and in line with our international obligations. The State of Kuwait believes that the promotion of the culture of coexistence and mutual respect constitute pillars for building societies against extremism and hate speech. The establishment of National Center for Moderation in Kuwait is an important step to promote the concepts of correct moderation emanating from Islamic law. and elevating the Church of Our Arabian Lady to the status of a minor basilica demonstrates our embracement of religious diversity and mutual respect in the Kuwaiti society. And in view of growing challenges, we note with concern the rise of Islamophobia and the consequent targeting, discrimination, and hate speech against Muslims in some societies. And in light of the the efforts of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation to combat intolerance and hate? How could the United Nations system support states in developing educational and media content that promotes tolerance and combats negative stereotypes? Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Jordan.

Thank you, Vice President. We thank the Special Rapporteur for her report, and we take note of the recommendations. Jordan reiterates that human dignity is afforded after death, and regulating issues of burial should protect dignity, prevent discrimination. In Jordan, practices of burial and mourning are based on a legislative framework based on the public health law that regulates issues relating to cemeteries, burial among others. This also includes reissuing burial permits and also limiting burial to approved cemeteries. In line with Article 18 of the ICCPR, followers of different religions enjoy the practice of their religious rites and mourning without interference, in an environment of coexistence and mutual respect. Churches also practice their rights through priests while being committed to health and administrative procedures without any discrimination. In closing, we reiterate the importance of freedom of religion and belief to promote society coexistence. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Pakistan.

Madam Vice-President, we welcome the Special Rapporteur and thank her for the presentation. Honoring the deceased is also about the living. Last rites are often an integral part of the right to manifest religion or belief. Arbitrary restrictions or hurdles can amount to a violation or abuse when the deceased are denied dignity or the bereaved suffer mental harm and freedom from discrimination is violated. My discrim- my delegation is constrained nevertheless to reject allegations of systematic discrimination against religious minorities' funeral rights in Pakistan, while noting that some of them are based on non-disclosed sources and others are countered by the inclusion of counterfactuals within the report. Pakistan ensures comprehensive protection for religious rights of minorities. Where incidents do occur, society speaks out, the government provides redress, enforces accountability, and most importantly, protects potential victims from harm. Madam Vice President, our approach is guided by the conviction that without prevention or accountability, advocacy of hatred can easily take root. In a neighboring country, centuries-old Sufi shrines or dargahs and Muslim graveyards are being demolished, accompanied by rhetoric portraying Islam as an invasive force. Historic mosques have been repurposed. This marginalization also extends to other religious minorities. The political elite's majoritarian Hindutva ideology demands that minorities accept subjugation or else face erasure. This project requires that minorities not be allowed to belong, even in death. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to the United Kingdom.

Madam Vice-President, The UK reiterates its commitment to protecting and promoting freedom of religion or belief for all. We thank the Special Rapporteur for her recent report on the important way in which faith relates to death and honouring of the deceased. As the Rapporteur makes clear, funeral rights are essential to human dignity, yet they are regrettably infringed upon widely across the world. The report notes distressing cases of severe discrimination, including the denial of burial rights to faith or belief groups, despite judicial directives. In many cases, minority communities, including the Baha'i, face such restrictions and are thus marginalised further. Ahmadi Muslims suffer discrimination as well as mob desecration of graves. The UK continues to raise these issues constructively with governments. Special Rapporteur, your report outlines the dual obligation of States to refrain from undue interference with funeral rights and to protect communities from infringements by non-State actors. What are the key measures States should prioritize to do so? Thank you. Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Bangladesh.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. We take note of the report of the Special Rapporteur highlighting the nexus between freedom of religion or belief and death and honouring the deceased. Madam Vice President, Bangladesh remains firmly committed to upholding the right to freedom of religion or belief as enshrined in our constitution and in our international obligations under the ICCPR. In our pluralistic society, communities of different faiths have long practiced their respective funeral rites in accordance with their traditions. The government continues to take measures to protect religious sites, including cemeteries, cremation grounds, and shrines through various measures. Madam Vice-President, In responding to the references made to Bangladesh, seemingly with exaggerated facts and data from the source, our delegation wishes to underscore the importance of presenting such data and facts in a comprehensive and balanced manner which paints full picture of the situation. While the report refers to certain regrettable incidents, it is equally important to reflect the prompt and firm actions taken by the competent authorities, as well as the broader societal response that unequivocally rejected such acts. A fuller portrayal that captures both the incidents and the remedial measures undertaken would better reflect the strength of our social cohesion and ensure an objective and well-rounded assessment. Finally, Bangladesh remains committed to transparently addressing challenges and safeguarding funeral rights and freedom of religion or belief for all, consistent with our constitutional and international obligations. I thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Netherlands.

Thank you very much, Madam Vice-President. Let me start by saying that it's an honour to speak at this Council. I'm happy to be back and to speak to you, Madam Vice-President. We thank you, Special Rapporteur, for your insightful report on how freedom of religion or belief relates to death and honoring the deceased. The Kingdom of the Netherlands attaches great importance to the protection of freedom of religion or belief, including the right to observe religious or belief-based practices surrounding death, mourning, and commemoration, individually and in community with others. The report speaks about, and I quote, "one of the most emotive and challenging of life's junctures," which is part on. A great philosopher once said, "How one views life is defined by how one views death." We believe in the Netherlands that anything related to the observance of death rituals goes to the core of human beings. We share the Special Rapporteur's concern about cases in which burial sites are obstructed, cemeteries are desegregated, or religious minorities are denied access to appropriate burial grounds. Such practices affect not only the deceased, but also the next generation and communities at a moment of profound vulnerability. Madam Vice-President, we support the emphasis in the report on non-discrimination, on meaningful consultation with affected communities, and the strict application of international human rights law when any limitations on the manifestation of religion or belief are imposed.

I thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Afghanistan.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. We thank the Special Rapporteur for this important report. In Afghanistan today, religious life is governed through a coercive and centralized system that enforces a single interpretation while marginalizing others. Shia Muslims, including the Hazara community, as well as Sufi, Ismaili, Christian, Sikh, and Hindu communities face discrimination, insecurity, and reported attacks. Many non-Sunni groups are compelled to practice their faith discreetly amid fear of violence, forced conversion or reprisal. The newly imposed criminal code and the so-called Ministry for the PVP empower authorities to police morality by privileging certain critical interpretations, exposing those with differing beliefs to arbitrary detention and punishment without due process. The repression of Freedom of religion or belief in Afghanistan must therefore be understood within broader structure of control that entrench gender equality, social exclusion, and the systematic shrinking of civic space. We ask the Special Rapporteur how effective safeguards can be operationalized to protect freedom of religion, including participation of women and girls in funeral rites and religious gathering. I thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Armenia.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. Armenia thanks the Special Rapporteur for her report. We welcome the analysis that desecration or destruction of cemeteries and burial sites constitutes discrimination, and that the protection of such sites is not merely a matter of cultural preservation, but also a human rights obligation. Armenia is firmly convinced of the profound harm caused when graves and sacred burial sites are destroyed or erased. Such acts affect not only physical structures, but also collective memory, identity, as well as the dignity of communities across generations. In this regard, preventing incitement to hatred and violence against religious communities is essential. At the national level, Armenia has strengthened its legislative framework to address hate speech and hate-motivated crimes based on religion or belief. We support continued attention to accountability, effective remedies, and restoration measures where burial sites are damaged as part of states' due diligence obligations under international human rights law. We're also convinced that respect towards the religious significance of burial sites may greatly contribute to dialogue and reconciliation, restoring the dignity of the deceased and building solidarity among individuals, communities, and societies. We thank the Special Rapporteur for bringing visibility to this dimension of freedom of religion or belief.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Germany.

Thank you, Vice President. We align ourselves with the US statement and thank the Special Rapporteur for her report. No one should be discriminated against for their faith or for choosing no faith at all. Discrimination against religions or beliefs not only undermine human rights and human dignity, but also stability and peace. The Special Rapporteur's recent report clearly showed that religious minorities around the world continue to face restrictions and violations of the rights to dignified burials and mourning practices. For many among them, this constitutes a profound challenge to their spiritual and religious identity. Moreover, desecration of cemeteries continues to cause great concern. We deplore the substantial global increase in anti-Semitic desecration and vandalism of Jewish cemeteries in recent years, including in Germany. Germany remains fully committed to protecting and promoting freedom of religion and belief worldwide. We continue to support those who stand up for human rights, and we firmly oppose any instrumentalization of religion that sows division and hatred. Madame Special Rapporteur, what are the best practices of interstate cooperation to promote freedom of religion or belief with respect to funeral rites and honouring the deceased?

Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Poland.

Madam Vice-President, Poland aligns itself with the EU statement. We would like to express our gratitude for the Special Rapporteur's report, providing valuable analysis of this important aspect of freedom of religion or belief, which is the ability to perform funeral practices and to commemorate the deceased without interference. Freedom of thought, conscience and religion can serve as a litmus test for the overall situation of human rights in a particular country or region. When persons belonging to religious communities, in particular minorities, are being targeted on those grounds, the international community should and must be concerned. Poland shares the conviction that the laws and regulations should protect peaceful enjoyment of human rights, including the liberty to follow one's belief or to practice religion. We deplore all acts of violence against persons on the basis of their religious identity, as well as the destruction and desecration of places of worship and burial, often being cherished elements of cultural heritage as well. We call all states to protect human rights defenders advocating for the rights to freedom of religion or belief.

I thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Canada.

Madam Vice-President, Canada thanks the Special Rapporteur for her report highlighting the importance of being able to honour the deceased in accordance with one's religious practices or beliefs, which regrettably remains under threat for many marginalized communities worldwide. Reports from Tibetan Buddhists, Uyghur Muslims, Baha'is, Ahmadiyya Muslims, and other groups illustrate ongoing violations in which individuals are not only targeted while alive, but also denied dignity in death. These include restrictions on funeral practices and public mourning, obstruction of access to burial sites, desecration of graves, and the disappearance of loved ones whose families are left unable to confirm deaths or perform last rites. Canada recognizes our shameful legacy of unmarked burials and children who were never returned from residential schools, and the need to work with communities by respecting wishes and traditions. We are committed to act upon the recommendations of the Independent Special Interlocutor for Missing Children and Unmarked Graves and Burial Sites. With this awareness, we condemn the weaponization of death and burial as tools of repression, and urge all states to protect the right to honor the deceased without discrimination or interference. Madam Special Rapporteur, what measures do you see as most effective for addressing long-standing violations of burial and funeral rights?

I thank you.

Thank you.

And next, I give the floor to Togo.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. My delegation thanks the Special Rapporteur for her report on the freedom of religion and conviction in the context of death and respect of the deceased. This subject touches on human dignity at a moment of great vulnerability, in particular for those close to the deceased and the community. In Togo, the Constitution and our regulations recognize and protect freedom of religion and conviction, including its expression through worship and funeral rites for all communities with no discrimination. On an institutional level, we have an agency which have mechanisms for dialogue and consultation with different faiths and traditional chiefs to guarantee the exercise of religious freedom and the organisation of funeral rites, while making sure that public order and social cohesion are maintained. The Government takes great care to make sure that we have awareness-raising campaigns for the population on different public health or security measures that might have an impact on the practice of worship and funeral rites. To conclude, Special Rapporteur, my delegation would like to know to what extent, according to you, being a secular state could contribute to promoting religious freedom, including funeral rites. Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Zimbabwe.

Madam First President, Zimbabwe welcomes the report of the Special Rapporteur and commends the sister Republic of Zambia on the country's visit by the Special Rapporteur. Zimbabwe upholds the right to freedom of religion or belief and reaffirms its commitment to protecting the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion as enshrined in our Constitution. We recognize the importance of promoting tolerance, understanding, and respect among diverse religious communities. While the Zimbabwean population is predominantly Christian, The Constitution guarantees freedom of religion, including the right to practice, propagate, and express beliefs publicly or privately. We have taken steps to promote interfaith dialogue and cooperation to ensure that all individuals practice their faith without fear of prosecution or discrimination. The exercise of the religious rights by any religious group should not be exercised the prejudice of another in a manner that is instigate feelings of intolerance incite violence promote hate speech or disrupt public order and national cohesion. Zimbabwe reaffirms its commitment to the full enjoyment of the right to freedom of religion or belief. I thank you, Madam Vice-President.

Thank you.

Next I give the floor to Eswatini.

Thank you, Madam Vice-Chair.

We thank the Special Rapporteur for the insightful report. The Constitution of the Kingdom of Eswatini guarantees every right for freedom of thought and belief,

including the freedom to worship individually and in communities. Domestic laws and policies further support the enjoyment of these rights.

The 1977 Government Act of the Kingdom empowers municipalities to establish and manage cemeteries, mortuaries, and related funerals, enabling communities to conduct their funerals consistently with their religions and culture. Likewise, the Town Planning Act provides the zoning necessary for designated land for religious burial institutions and facilities. for bodies, preparation, cremation, and memorials. Administrative systems also ensure that timely registration of deaths and issuance of permits for burials, cremation, and balancing health requirements with respect to culture and religious practices. We are committed to continue to hold, to build on these efforts to ensure that these guarantees are implemented consistently and transparently so that all individuals may enjoy these freedoms of religions or belief. Thank you, Madam President.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to United Arab Emirates.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. My delegation has examined the report of the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief relating to death and honouring the deceased. These rights are intrinsic human rights and they are provided for in the constitution and legislation nationally. We see the importance of keeping tolerance, the respect of religious and cultural diversity, ensuring peaceful coexistence and respecting human dignity, including after death. In that context, our legislation provides for funerals to be organised, honouring the beliefs of the deceased, while respecting public health measures. Funerals are organised according to the beliefs of the different faiths represented in our country. These communities can practice their ways of worship freely, pursuant to the law. We seek to promote tolerance and cultural tolerance through national initiatives and through specialized organizations. to combat extremism and hatred so that we can guarantee peaceful coexistence and guarantee human dignity. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to State of Palestine.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. The State of Palestine thanks the Special Rapporteur for her report. For Palestinians, this report reflects a long-standing reality that has reached unprecedented horrors during the ongoing genocide in Gaza. Since 1967, Israel has pursued a systematic policy of withholding Palestinian bodies. Our dead have been buried in so-called cemeteries of number, stripped of their names or kept for years in refrigerated facilities, withheld from their families and denied dignified burial. This is not exceptional. It is an entrenched practice of the genocidal regime. During the genocide in Gaza, this policy has escalated. bodies have been withheld for months, returned in bulk without identification, and in many cases returned mutilated or disfigured, depriving families of the ability to recognize or bury their loved ones in accordance with their faith. At the same time, thousands of Palestinians remain under the rubble of deliberately destroyed neighborhoods, while access to recover and bury the dead is obstructed by siege and bombardment. Reports of mass graves near Nasser and the Shifa hospitals shocked the humanity to the core. It prompted the UN High Commissioner to express horror. Even under a fragile ceasefire, repeatedly violated, cemeteries have been bulldozed and burial sites desecrated. This is a collective punishment. This is cultural erasure. This is a systematic assault on human dignity. The denial of burial is the denial of humanity. In Gaza, this denial is ongoing. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Ecuador.

Madam Vice-President, my delegation thanks the Special Rapporteur for her report. We agree on the need to respect and protect what we call funeral rights as a manifestation of a series of human rights, including freedom of religion. or beliefs and rights, practices, customs, and traditions, whether they're individual, collective, public, or private. The Constitution in our country recognizes the right to practice, preserve, change, disseminate one's religion and beliefs. It compels the state to protect the voluntary religious practice and the expression of those who do not profess a religion. This favors a climate of plurality and tolerance. Also in Ecuador, we meet sanitary and biosecurity standards and regulations for the handling, burial, inhumation, exhumation, and handling of human remains, as well as rights of the indigenous persons, Andean people, Afro-Ecuadorians in their traditions, intercultural as they might be, focused on memory and And moving on, the State also has policies of freedom of worship through mechanisms of dialogue, technical roundtables, and campaigns for awareness raising, and other work with religious leaders. Madam Rapporteur, what other guidelines might you provide States as regards the funeral rights of people of indigenous nationalities and Afro-descendants? Thank you kindly.

Next, I give the floor to Kana.

Madam Vice President, Ghana welcomes the Special Rapporteur and thanks her for her comprehensive report. My delegation acknowledges the Special Rapporteur's call for states to uphold and safeguard the rights of individuals and communities to carry out funeral rites, ensuring they are protected from threats, interruptions, and violence from non-state actors. Madam Vice President, Ghana's laws and regulations on honoring deceased persons are deeply rooted in cultural traditions and customary laws. Also, our Public Health Act 2012 focuses on disease prevention, health promotion, and the regulation of health-related practices. This framework includes provisions governing the management and burial of deceased persons. Furthermore, our Constitution guarantees freedom of religion, or belief, and the government continually promotes religious tolerance and inclusion. Ghana also engages with diverse faith communities, including Muslims, Christians, and traditional religious leaders. Madam Vice President, in conclusion, my delegation reaffirms its commitment to collaborate with all stakeholders to uphold the rights of individuals and communities in honoring their deceased in accordance with their beliefs. I thank you.

I thank you.

And next, I give the floor to Bahrain.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. We associate ourselves with the political and regional groups' declarations, those groups we belong to. We'd underscore that human dignity is an inherent part of our society, and so we ensure that human dignity is respected in times of death. We have always promoted peaceful coexistence between all religions. We have cemeteries for non-Muslims to make sure that communities can carry out funeral rites to bury the deceased according to their own practices. To conclude, Madam Vice-President, we must make sure that no desecration is permitted, that no sabotage or vandalism is permitted, to make sure that hate speech, which runs counter to the foundations of social cohesion, is not permitted. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Italy.

Madam Vice-President, Italy thanks the Special Rapporteur for her report. which provides valuable insights into the specific dimension of funeral rights and its interconnections with other fundamental rights, including right to life. Minorities continue to face numerous acts of violence, including desecration of tombs, assaults on funeral services, and acts of hatred targeting burial sites. The Baha'i community, in particular, has been subjected to violations in several countries. An environment where religious freedom is protected is less affected by violent extremism and discrimination, and more inclined to pacific coexistence. Italy remains committed to engaging with all UN member states to diffuse international tensions by promoting religious freedom worldwide and providing effective support to those who face discrimination or persecution on the basis of their religion or belief. Madam Special Rapporteur, what measures should be adopted to ensure that neutral or general legislation does not inadvertently discriminate against minority religions, beliefs, or indigenous communities? I thank you.

Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Morocco.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. My delegation thanks the Special Rapporteur for the presentation of her report and appreciates the efforts in its reduction that put in evidence the importance of a human and spiritual approach to all supporters and in particular, uh, as a space that should respect human dignity. I will continue in French.

We are aware of these spaces and so Morocco pays particular attention to make sure that we work with regional authorities in the creation, upkeep and management of cemeteries to finance them, to protect them and to have rules for their administration. We make sure that burial can take place by the families of those who have deceased, in continuity with legal provisions in force. The competent authorities facilitate that in respect of the sacred aspect of burials. and we respect different religious confessions. We have persons of Christian and Jewish faith who are in cemeteries in our country, and we have a rehabilitation programme for Jewish cemeteries in the Kingdom. This lasted for five years. It has to revisit the Jewish funeral heritage.

As the last speaker, we could accommodate for this dialogue, and we will now turn to the list of speakers for non-governmental organizations. And first, I give the floor to War Resisters International by video.

War Resisters International, together with its partner, Connection ED, welcomes the report of the Special Rapporteur and would like to thank her for her reporting work. The thematic report addresses a very sensitive topic and highlights serious human rights violations of concerned people, extending families and communities. The profound human impact of death also concerns many of those who decide to refuse to kill and to object to military service. Nattiwit C, a young conscientious objector from Thailand, has recently declared that the first precept of Buddhists is the prohibition against killing, especially the killing of human beings. Being a soldier involves training to kill and being ready to kill. Avoiding to intentionally cause the death of a human being is therefore the reason for many conscientious objectors to refuse to enlist. This right is inherent in the human right to freedom of thought, conscience, religion and is constantly violated. Arbitrary detention or imprisonment of conscientious objectors has been reported in recent years in various states. More recently, a conscientious objector living in South Korea has been imprisoned, and another one, Minhyun Kim, has declared himself a total objector, denouncing the punitive nature of the alternative service system and the lack of an independent decision-making procedure for application for conscientious objection in line with international standards. We would also like to acknowledge the 40th anniversary of the mandate, which continues to be a valid instrument of this Council to ensure monitoring, reporting and full implementation of fundamental rights. WRI, together with its partner, Connection EV, calls upon this Council to fully protect Article 18 and the human rights of conscientious objectors.

Thank you.

Excellencies, dear participants, this brings us to the end of this meeting. We will reconvene this afternoon at 2:30 to continue interactive dialogue with the Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief and hold thereafter the interactive dialogue with the Special Rapporteur on human rights defenders, followed by the interactive dialogue with the Special Rapporteur on cultural rights. I hereby close the 14th meeting of the 61st session of the Human Rights Council.