28th Meeting - 61st Session of Human Rights Council

Excellencies, distinguished participants, I declare open the 28th meeting of the 61st session of the Human Rights Council. We will now continue the general debate under agenda item 3, and we will continue with the list of speakers for non-governmental organizations. I give the floor to the China Foundation for Human Rights and Development in person.

Mr. Vice President, Your Excellencies, I'm Wei Xiaoxu from Jilin University. The 2025 report released by the International Research Center of Big Data for SDGs indicates that countries such as China, Canada, and Brazil have made positive contribution to the achievement of the SDG targets. For example, China has been dynamically monitoring the vast majority of the SDG targets and approached or fulfilled over 60% of these targets, which fills us with confidence in achieving the SDGs. Meanwhile, we must be vigilant that some policies and measures of some countries, particularly some so-called beacon of human rights countries, are showing notable regression. Also, there are some countries and institutions that fabricate ethnic and religious narratives and use them as pretext to attack some other countries, which undoubtedly constitutes a hindrance to achieving the SDG targets. We oppose the politicization and weaponization of human rights and call on more countries to engage in cooperation and promote global development with a pragmatic approach and take concrete action to promote and protect all human rights. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the Aste Oir Association.

President, I appear before this Council on behalf of us, de Oir, and the Spaniards we represent, and that's a very serious fact. Pedro Sanchez's government attempts to promote a massive regularization of irregular immigrants, violating all the rules and guarantees just to stay in power. Sanchez is only interested in immigrants for their vote and to please his government partners. At a time when Pedro Sánchez and the PSOE are cornered by scandals, legal cases, and a deep erosion of public trust, this policy replaces legality with arbitrariness, the common good with partisan interest, and order with lack of control. Sánchez and the PSOE need to stay in power for pure political survival, and to do so, they are capable of giving up effective criminal background checks and thus lowering immigration controls. With this, not only legal certainty is compromised, but but also citizen security. The intention is not the defence of human rights, but to change the electoral rule. The PSOE and Sánchez seek to stay in power, even if that exceeds all moral and legal limits. That is why we call on this Council to reaffirm the principle of legality, to warn of the risk of modifying the electoral census to the detriment of national security, and that focuses on this and other proposals of the PSOE and Pedro Sánchez, dangerous for everyone, but especially for Spaniards. Thank you.

Thank you. I now give the floor to the Red Argentina de Profesionales para Política Exterior.

Thank you. The critical combination of food inflation and the loss of purchasing power have deteriorated the conditions of access to food for broad sectors of the world's population. The impact of this crisis is especially severe on children, which leads to additional malnutrition and hunger. We express our concern related to these setbacks and the weakness in the implementation of healthy food policies. Progress must be made towards a food system aimed at reducing food losses and waste. Comprehensive public policies must articulate health, education, production, and environment. We call for the implementation of responses based on international cooperation, which constitute sustainable policies capable of guaranteeing access to food. Thank you very much, Mr. President.

Thank you. I give the floor to Institute for Human Rights. Not present. I give the floor to Al-Haq Law in the Service of Man.

Vice President, as the Trump administration and its allies press forward with the 20-point plan devised to profit from the destruction of Gaza and the Palestinian people under the guise of peace, prosperity, and development, the Human Rights Council, alongside all UN bodies and member states, must act with clarity and courage. They must reject Security Council Resolution 2803 as legally invalid based on it violating the UN Charter and pre-emptory norms of international law, which automatically render it null and void. It is a profound disgrace that a resolution enshrining the exploitation and perpetual occupation of Palestine was permitted to reach the Security Council, let alone be implemented. There can be no normalisation of annexation, genocide, or denial of self-determination. The redevelopment of Gaza and accompanying economic, social, cultural, and political processes must be determined by the Palestinian people themselves, with international support provided only when and where they deem appropriate. Any US or foreign ultimatum prioritising imperial capitalist interests that directly obstructs Palestinian self-determination must be unequivocally and repeatedly opposed by the UN and its member states. The UN database of businesses involved in settlement activity must also be urgently updated and expanded to include non-profits, Zionist entities, financial institutions, and all actors complicit in the destruction and dispossession of the Palestinian people. Without accountability, manifest illegality will continue to be normalized or even repackaged and sold as a path to peace.

Thank you. I give the floor to Connectus Derechos Humanos.

Absent.

Absent. I give the floor to East and Horn of Africa Human Rights Defenders Project.

Mr. Vice President, in a report released for Defend Defenders 20th anniversary, we examine the value of peaceful protests as a tool for democratic participation, international and African standards, the scope of the right to protest, and trends across Africa. They Won't Silence the People is one of the most ambitious reports ever published on the right to protest in Africa. Grounded in research across 24 countries, in-depth findings from four focus countries, Mozambique, Senegal, Tunisia, and Uganda, and 150 sources, it features comparative analysis highlighting patterns of violations and good practices. It shows a worrying reality. For many Africans, protesting is becoming ever more difficult. States too often treat notification regimes as systems of prior authorization, discriminate against protesters, and fail in their obligation to facilitate peaceful protests. Force is used routinely, often excessively and indiscriminately. Women and girls face specific abuse. Impunity for violations remains the norm. Yet people continue to mobilize for human rights, democracy, and/or environmental justice. They do so in the face of bans, restrictions, police brutality, surveillance, and reprisals. Despite a shrinking civic space, youth-led, women-led, and grassroots movements continue to organize online and offline. We call on states to end unlawful restrictions to peaceful assembly, facilitate protests, ensure accountability for violations, and protect those who raise their voice in defense of human rights. Thank you.

Thank you. I now give the floor to Association d'Entraide Medicale Guinée.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. We wish to draw the attention of the Human Rights Council to an escalating pattern of serious violations of IHL and international human rights law committed by a group known as al-Buraq bin Malik in Sudan. This group is an extremist ideological formation allied with the SAF and operates with organized military capabilities and heavy weapons. Available information indicates that this group operates as a parallel force outside the official military chain of command. Accordingly, it falls within the category of non-state armed groups of an ideological nature under IHL. Documented violations include extrajudicial killings, arbitrary detention, and forced disappearance in unofficial places of detention, practices of intimidation and collective punishment, as well as targeting individuals on the basis of perceived identity. Information further indicates the recruitment of children and use of religious rhetoric in military mobilization and clear violation of child protection obligations. Allowing such a group to operate without accountability raises potential responsibility under the principle of effective control. Accordingly, we call on the Council to establish an independent international investigation, ensure accountability, impose restrictions on arms and support, strengthen protection for victims, and prevent recruitment of children. Thank you.

Gracias.

Thank you. I now give the floor to the India Water Foundation.

India Water Foundation appreciates and recognizes that clean air is fundamental to the right to health and a healthy environment. We acknowledge the serious risks posed by air pollution, particularly to children, the elderly, and vulnerable communities. The Government of India has adopted a comprehensive and science-based approach to tackle air pollution. The National Clean Air Programme sets time-bound targets for reducing particulate matter levels across non-attainment cities through improved monitoring, city-specific action plans, and strengthened governance mechanisms. Real-time air quality monitoring networks have been significantly expanded to enhance transparency and evidence-based policy-making. Through initiatives such as National Solar Mission, expansion of renewable energy capacity, promotion of electric mobility, and large-scale adoption of clean cooking fuel is addressing key emission sources and is also accelerating the transition away from fossil fuel dependency. Stricter emission standards for industries and vehicle, crop residue management programs, and investments in public transport further support cleaner air goals. India also emphasizes the responsibility of private sector through environmental regulation, corporate sustainability reporting, and compliance mechanisms. It remains committed to strengthening air quality governance while balancing development priorities, ensuring that public health and environment sustainability remain central to national policy.

Thank you.

Thank you. I now give the floor to Human Rights Watch.

Mr. Vice President, Human Rights Watch is increasingly alarmed at severe restrictions on and repression of protests around the world. We have documented the brutal repression of protests in Iran, where security forces countrywide have committed massacres of protesters, as well as mass violent arrests and arbitrary detentions, including of children. In Tanzania, security forces responded to protests with lethal force and internet restrictions. We remain concerned by long-term restrictions by protests owned by repressive governments, including in Russia, Turkey, Egypt, and China. But there also has been an erosion of the right to peaceful assembly in some countries that previously enjoyed a more enabling environment. In the United Kingdom, climate activists have been prosecuted for attending a protest planning call. Direct Action protesters held in pretrial detention for over 500 days, and thousands have been arrested under counter-terrorism legislation for peacefully protesting the ban on protest group Palestine Action, which the UK courts have found is unlawful. In Australia, authorities have sought to block peaceful marches, and police have used expanded powers and excessive force on demonstrators. In the United States, federal agents have used excessive force against people protesting or even just observing immigration raids and wrongfully shot and killed two people who were engaged in civic action. Freedom of expression, assembly, and association provide a bedrock for rights-respecting societies. We urge all governments to reverse this alarming downward spiral and promote, rather than repress, peaceful protest, and hold to account all those who violate these rights, regardless of position or rank. I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to Cindy Adikar, MUNCH Association.

Reaffirm our commitment to the right to life and the right to health.

As recognized by the United Nations and the World Health Organization. Every year, thousands of patients die waiting for life-saving organ transplants.

This is not only a medical crisis; it is a human rights concern.

When organs are unavailable, the highest attainable standards of health cannot be realized.

Cadaver organ donation after brain death offers an ethical and life-saving solution.

One donor can save up to eight lives, yet lack of awareness, weak systems, and social hesitation limit its impact. The shortage also fuels illegal organ trafficking and exploitation.

We urge states to strengthen legal and ethical frameworks, improve brain death certification and hospital retrieval systems, promote culturally sensitive awareness, and consider opt-out systems with safeguards.

Allocation must remain equitable and based on medical need.

Mr. President, cadaver organ donation.

Transforms loss into life and reflects in our shared humanity.

Let us ensure that no life is lost for want of any organ that could have been donated.

Thank you, Mr. President.

Thank you. I now give the floor to the International Pro Bono Legal Services Association.

Mr. Vice President, American imperialism is having a significant adverse impact on global security. Recent events, including the abduction of the Venezuelan president, the assassination of Iranian leaders, and President Trump's recent comments regarding a potential friendly takeover of Cuba, illustrate a deeply troubling trend. These incidents demonstrate a blatant disregard for both international law and fundamental human rights, carried out with impunity. What is particularly concerning is the lack of widespread condemnation from the Western bloc of nations. Reactions often appear to depend on whether America's imperial ambitions infringe upon Western interests, such as the aspiration to annex Greenland and Canada. This selective outrage presents a distorted vision of accountability and moral integrity. The reach of American imperialism also affects Asia. An expanded military presence in Okinawa and the Ryukyu Archipelago poses a genuine threat to regional stability. particularly given the sensitive situation regarding Taiwan, and additionally raises concerns about the exploitation of indigenous Ryukyuan resources. It is crucial that we acknowledge these duplicities and steadfastly uphold the principles of self-determination and peace. We must advocate for a world in which sovereignty of nations is respected and where the rights of individuals are not merely rhetoric in the pursuit of geopolitical aims. Thank you.

Thank you. I now give the floor for Americans for Democracy and Human Rights in Bahrain.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. I address you as a Bahraini human rights defender and torture survivor who spent 10 years in Jau prison for taking part in peaceful protests. During my detention, I demanded respect for the minimum legal and humanitarian guarantees. I was subject to further restrictions. After my release, I continued to document violations and peacefully advocate for prisoners' rights. I faced retaliatory measures, such as arrest and dismissal from my job due to my human rights work. What I endured is not an isolated case. It reflects a broad reality in which human rights defenders face including detention, harassment, and the loss of their livelihoods. The intervention comes 15 years after the arrest of prominent defenders. I wish also to stress that the release of political prisoners remains incomplete unless it is accompanied by genuine guarantees for the restoration of their civil and economic rights, as well as their integration into society. I renew my call to the release of all political prisoners and human rights defenders, in particular Abdul Hadi Al-Khawaja and Abdul Jalil As-Singhas, for an end to the implementation of death sentences as well. I urge the Council to strengthen the protection of human rights defenders and to ensure that they are not subjected to any form of reprisal.

Thank you. I give the floor to the Asian Centre for Human Rights. Absent. I give the floor to Centre Europe-Tiers-Monde.

Mr. President, for the past 12 years, CETIM, as a member of the Global Campaign, has actively participated in the process aimed at elaborating a legally binding instrument on transnational corporations and human rights, in order to ensure that these entities respect human rights in the context of their activities. In this regard, as the IGWG moves towards the revision and consolidation of the updated draft treaty, with a view of publishing a new official draft in 2027, we propose that this process be guided by two main criteria. First, the retention of language that is most protective of human rights, in line with Human Rights Council resolution 26/9. And second, the inclusion of proposals arising from social movements, affected communities and states from the Global South. Once again, we reiterate that a binding treaty that ignores the demands of peoples, affected communities, social movements and states of the Global South has and will have no legitimacy. This is why the IGWG must put an end to delaying tactics of the detractors of this process. We call on all states to engage constructively in this process and reaffirm their commitment to adopting a strong and effective binding treaty capable of ending corporate impunity and ensuring access to justice for the victims. Thank you for your attention.

Thank you. I now give the floor to Christian Solidarity International.

President, the Human Rights Council recently affirmed in resolution 60/8 that arbitrary detention is a violation of the right to liberty and that arbitrarily detained persons are vulnerable to other human rights violations. Christian Solidarity International wishes to draw the Council's attention to the case of Suleiman Khalil. a citizen of the Syrian Arab Republic, who has been detained by the Syrian transitional government without charge and without access to a lawyer since February 8, 2025, over 13 months. Mr. Khalil is the former mayor of the town of Saadad, where he is greatly admired for organizing the town's defense against the Islamic State in 2015. His long opposition to the Baath Party and Assad's dictatorship are well known. Mr. Khalil’s arbitrary detention is not only a violation of international human rights law, it also violates Syria’s new constitutional declaration, which states in Article 18: “With the exception of the case of a crime committed in plain sight, no person may be arrested, detained, or have his freedom restricted, except by judicial order.” Christian Solidarity International urges the Syrian government to release Mr. Khalil immediately and to take effective measures to end the arbitrary detention of its citizens. We also urge the Council and its members to intervene with the Syrian Government on Mr. Khalil's behalf. Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. I now give the floor to International Bar Association for joint statement.

International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute Watch and International Commission of Jurists condemned the imposition of sanctions by United States against International Criminal Court officials and those cooperating with it, including ICC prosecutor, two deputy prosecutors, eight judges, the UN Special Rapporteur on occupied Palestinian territories, and three Palestinian human rights NGOs. The legal obligation of four state parties to the Rome Statute to cooperate with the ICC is essential to ensuring accountability for some of the most serious crimes under international law. Effective cooperation, including executing arrest warrants, supporting investigations, and protecting witnesses, enables the Court to carry out its mandate credibly and independently. The obligation to cooperate is critical to realizing victims' rights to effective remedy and reparation, and reinforces the mandate of this Council to promote accountability, address and prevent recurrence. Where serious human rights violations amount to war crimes, crimes against humanity, or genocide, effective cooperation with the ICC is an integral part of states' human rights obligations. Conversely, insufficient cooperation weakens accountability efforts and erodes confidence in the multilateral institutions. Chair, distinguished delegates, efforts to undermine international accountability mechanisms, including attacks against ICC and UN special procedures, are unacceptable and must stop. We urge this Council to ensure full support to international justice institutions and resist any attempt to obstruct accountability.

Thank you.

Thank you. I now give the floor to the Global Institute for Water, Environment and Health.

The right to development, affirmed in General Assembly Resolution 41/128 and Human Rights Council Resolution 54/20, recognizes development as an inalienable human right of all peoples. Its realization depends on genuine international cooperation that is equitable, participatory, and respectful of national ownership. In this regard, India's engagement in South-South cooperation represents a positive and practical contribution to advancing this right. By emphasizing partnership over conditionality and mutual benefit over dependency, India supports development grounded in sovereignty and shared experience consistent with Article 3 of the Declaration. Through cooperation in digital public infrastructure, health, education, financial inclusion, and institutional capacity building, India strengthens local capabilities and expands access to opportunity. These initiatives advance global partnerships and help reduce inequalities while reinforcing the participatory dimension of development recognized in Article 2. Importantly, this approach moves beyond economic growth alone and focuses on expanding human capabilities and institutional resilience. India’s experience shows that the right to development can be implemented through solidarity-based cooperation among developing countries. We encourage continued support for including South-South partnerships that uphold development as a universal human right.

Thank you.

Thank you. I now give the floor to the Forum for Development and Human Rights Dialogue.

Thank you, Mr. President. We would like to raise attention at the fact that the continuing of crises have undermined the rights of citizens in Sudan, violations by the Rapid Support Militias that are continuing, including against civilians. And women and children. This has exasperated the humanitarian crisis. We reaffirm the importance of abiding by IHL and achieving accountability. In Yemen, millions of civilians are facing very dire humanitarian circumstances due to the practices of the Houthi militias, including the recruitment of children and putting restrictions on humanitarian access. Thank you.

Thank you. I now give the floor for a joint statement to the Commission of the Churches on International Affairs of the World Council of Churches.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. We would again like to draw the urgent attention of the Human Rights Council to the ongoing crisis of obstetric fistula, a devastating childbirth injury that affects the human rights of hundreds of thousands of women and girls and their babies. Obstetric fistula disproportionately affects the poorest and most marginalized communities, reflecting systemic failures in health systems, entrenched gender inequality, and inequitable access to health care. We are extremely concerned by the impact of the recent severe cuts to global health programs. particularly to USAID, and the deep and escalating consequences for both the prevention and treatment in multiple low-income and conflict-affected countries, particularly those in sub-Saharan Africa. The persistence of this condition violates the rights to health, equality, non-discrimination, and dignity. We urge this Council to recognize that the failure to prevent obstetric fistula is a human rights violation, and we call on States to prioritize obstetric fistula within human rights monitoring, reporting, and advocacy across relevant mandates, including women's rights, health, and disability rights. To address the social and systemic barriers that leave women without access to essential care, to support holistic and empowering survivor strategies that include prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, reintegration, and survivors' empowerment. No woman should suffer lifelong disability and stigma from a condition that is entirely preventable and treatable. Ending obstetric fistula is a matter of justice, equality, and human rights. Thank you, Mr. Vice President.

Thank you. I now give the floor to the Institute International pour les Droits et le Développement des Femmes.

President, distinguished delegates, if you have managed to forget, we cannot forget the barbarity witnessed in Gaza. The ice cream truck filled with body parts, parents brandishing their beheaded children, families burned alive, hospitals and shelters bombed daily, flour mixed with blood, babies turned into skeletons, the elderly collapsing from famine. We cannot forget the voice of Hendra, the face of Anas Sharif, nor the record number of journalists and humanitarian workers killed by Israel. And we cannot let you forget. In what world are we left to live if law loses authority and no accountability follows or genocide broadcast in real time. B'Tselem warns of Israel's decades-long impunity and its legal system that whitewashes crimes and shields those responsible. But you can still act to end it. Impunity breeds monstrosity, and by refusing sanctions against Israel, your governments feed the brutality now destroying lives in Palestine, Iran, and Lebanon, where civilians pay highest prices. A greater disaster looms if this unchecked violence continues to cross every red line humanity agreed upon. Honorable delegates, you still have the choice to implement accountability, uphold international law, and make the world livable for the future. Tomorrow's state of the world will be the direct result of the choice you make today. History will show whether you choose humanity or surrender it. Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. I give the floor to the Réseau Africain pour le Développement, la Gouvernance et les Droits de l'Homme.

Mr. Chair, for 50 years now, the humanitarian situation in the refugee camps south of Algeria is limited to access to humanitarian assistance, while ignoring the legal catastrophic situation by the population in these camps. They are witnessing serious violations of human rights by Polisario and its armed militias. under the direct sponsorship of the host country, while there is a kind of an embargo imposed on the camps and the continuation of impunity towards the perpetrators. Some activists who were able to flee from the hell of the camps, they were able to break the cycle of fear, and they started to unveil the crimes perpetrated by the Polisario leadership, such as enforced disappearance, torture, slavery, abuse of children and women. I am one of the victims of this crime. My father was kidnapped before I was born. He was tortured. His body was hidden. We ask you to open an investigation about the abduction and killing of hundreds of Sahrawis in Incommunicado places south of Algeria, and to end these criminal practices. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the Midline for Human Rights.

We express serious concern regarding ongoing developments in Yemen that continue to undermine human rights, state sovereignty, and regional stability. The internationally recognized government of Yemen remains the sole legitimate authority under international law. Military and security actions conducted outside its framework risk deepening fragmentation, weakening accountability, and exposing civilians to grave violations, including arbitrary detention, enforced disappearances, and targeted killings.

We are particularly concerned about the negative role played by the United Arab Emirates through its support to parallel.

Armed formations operating outside state institutions.

Such support has contributed to division, prolonged instability, and obstruction of an inclusive political settlement. Similar patterns of external interference in the region demonstrate how backing non-state actors fuels conflict and undermines sovereignty.

Yemen’s instability has serious regional implications, including cross-border threats that endanger civilian populations and violate international law.

We call on all actors to respect Yemen’s sovereignty, cease support to non-state armed groups in full respect for human rights and international law.

Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the Association of Iranian Short Statured Adults.

Mr. President, the most recent acts of aggression by the United States and Israel are part of a long-standing pattern perpetuated by the worst of this humanity. Israel's prime minister remains the subject of an arrest warrant issued by the ICC for alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity in Gaza, while the US ruling class faces accusation of the most heinous crimes, including those documented in the Epstein files. While pursuing relentless war and aggression against the Palestinian people, as well as people in Lebanon, Syria, Yemen, Venezuela, Cuba, and other states that challenge U.S. imperial dominance, they have now once again turned their machinery of death against Iran. The aggression launched on February 28th is not an isolated event. It is the continuation of last year's illegal attacks and part of a sustained campaign of hostility aimed at regime change in violation of Article 2(4) of the UN Charter. What we are witnessing is the systemic targeting of civilian life. The strikes have hit densely populated residential areas across major cities, killing more than 1,300 people so far, including at least 300 children. Mr. President, Iran is waging a heroic anti-colonial war against the most brutish empire in history. Humanity cannot survive in a system where impunity remains the norm.

Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to United Nations Association of China.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. What demands our immediate attention is some countries' retraction to the evil path of militarism. The war in the Middle East should not have happened, and we should stand firm together to counteract war threats and to improve global security governance. As Japan welcomes its first female prime minister at a time when military expansion is being actively advocated, this is a moment not only of political change, but also of moral reflection. The figure of 300,000 victims of Nanjing Massacre has long been seared into our collective memory. Also, we must not forget the suffering of 400,000 Asian women who were forced into sexual slavery by Japanese military. Hong Kong alone, there were as many as 4,000 women victimized in that regard. Behind these numbers were daughters, sisters, mothers whose futures were stolen. We have a moral responsibility to put the record straight with compassion and empathy. Therefore, it is deeply troubling when visits are made to the Yasukuni Shrine or when attempts are made to downplay these human rights atrocities. Mr. Vice President, those who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it.

Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to Coup de Pouce Chaine de l'Espoir Nord-Sud.

President, our NGO would like to draw attention of the Council to a critical paradox in Togo. While youth make up 70% of the population, their ability to transform society is hindered by systemic instability. On the ground, through our national coordinators, thousands of youngsters organise to bridge gaps in the field of education, healthcare and protection of the environment. We are the front-line actors in implementing the SDGs. Yet this positive force operates in a fragile environment. Without protective legal status, without access to structural financing, and without social protection mechanisms, citizens' engagement becomes an inaccessible luxury. This instability is a direct violation of the right to inclusive development. President, our recommendations are clear. We call on the Council to urge Member States to create mechanisms for direct and streamlined financing for youth-led community organizations We also call on the recognition of associative engagement as a value-generating professional experience so as to break the cycle of economic exclusion. Investing in the resilience of young leaders is not charity, it's to guarantee stability and future of our nations. Thank you, President.

Thank you. I give the floor to Payamavaran Hamiri.

Since 28 February, the people of the Islamic Republic of Iran have been living under conditions of daily military attacks and escalating violence. Various cities across the country have repeatedly been subjected to bombardment, leaving millions of civilians living in an atmosphere of constant fear and psychological pressure. In only the first few days of this war, more than 1,200 civilians had lost their lives. Among the most tragic incidents was the killing of 165 schoolchildren in the city of Minab, an event that has plunged families and the wider community into profound shock and grief. In addition to these extensive civilian casualties, the conflict has also involved targeted attacks against Iran's national leadership and senior military commanders, which has further intensified an atmosphere of fear, instability, and collective psychological trauma within society. We are under bombardment every day and every night. War does not only destroy buildings; it also devastates the psychological security of communities, which is a part of the right to health. We therefore call upon the Human Rights Council and the international community to take serious actions to protect civilian lives, condemn attacks against civilians, children, schools, and hospitals, and give serious attention to the profound psychological consequences of this conflict. I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to Organization for Defending Victims of Violence.

Mr. President, despite thousands of statements condemning U.S. and Israel atrocities in this Council, every gathering forces us to witness an even darker chapter of their atrocities. The recent cruel U.S.-Israel attack on the Shajareh Taiba Girls' Elementary School in the Iranian city of Minab is a dark nightmare that the world must not ignore. In just one brutal attack, at least 165 innocent lives were wiped out. These were mostly helpless little girls, only 7 to 12 years old, murdered in what should have been a safe place to learn. We are watching the deliberate slaughter of children, an act that can only be described as systematic infanticide and feticide. It is heartbreaking that the WHO has had to record at least 13 separate attacks on Iran's health care facilities, reducing places of healing like Gandhi Hospital to ruins. These attacks have resulted in the horrific crime of feticide, claiming innocent lives before they were even born. We are no longer just asking for your repetitive condemnation. We are asking how the international community can sit in comfortable silence while an entire generation is being erased. The international community and Human Rights Council.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the Institute for Protection of Women's Rights.

Bismillah ir-Rahman ir-Rahim. Mr. President, the Institute for Protection of Women's Rights draws the attention of the Human Rights Council to one of the most egregious crimes against humanity and violations of international humanitarian law committed against the people of Iran. On February 28, 2026, the military forces of the United States of America and the occupying power of Israel, for the second time within the past year, perpetrated an unprecedented crime against the Iranian people. Under international humanitarian law, particularly the principles of And the protection of civilians and civilian objects during armed conflicts, parties to a conflict must at all times distinguish between civilian and military objectives. In these aggressive attacks, civilian sites including schools, sports facilities, hospitals, and medical centers were targeted by missiles and bombardments from the very first hours. In one instance alone, during a deliberate attack on the Shajareh Tayyeb Girls Elementary School in Minab, Hormozgan Province, 170 innocent students and teachers were killed. Furthermore, in a missile strike on a girls' sports hall in Larmard, Fars Province, 20 young female volleyball players lost their lives. We firmly believe that these manifest crimes demand an urgent response from the international community. Members of the Human Rights Council must unequivocally and publicly condemn these inhumane actions at the highest possible level and recognize them as war crimes and a systematic violation of human rights. I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to Il Senacolo.

Sayida Rais.

Mr. President, allow me to express grave concern at the situation of human rights defenders in Tinduf camps. All those asking for basic rights or criticizes the Polisario faces systematic oppression. In this context, allow me to inform you that Not visiting Tindouf camps in the last Special Rapporteur visits has deepened the feeling of victims of being ignored. I was personally a victim. I was kidnapped, detained, and tortured simply for expressing my opinion on social media. I am not an exception, but this is what is faced by any independent voice in the camps. I call on you to work urgently to start an independent and serious investigation, and to urge the authorities of the host country to shoulder their legal responsibilities. Thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to International Muslim Women's Union.

Mr. Vice President, the wanton destruction of human life and property in Indian-occupied Kashmir mirrors the ruthless action seen in.

Israel's war on Gaza, highlighting a disturbing pattern of disregard for civilian lives and basic human rights. 845 killings, 2,900 cases of torture, 2,100 arrests of civilians, and 1,100 structures destroyed since 5 August 2019. This startling.

Figures come from the embattled region of Indian-occupied Jammu and Kashmir, the once pristine valley now.

Echoes with the crisis of subdued.

Population subjected to draconian measures that trample on basic human rights, arbitrary detention, extrajudicial killings, and suffocating military presence define.

The grim reality faced by Kashmiris. The United Nations Human Rights Council must confront the grim truth that Indian action in Indian-occupied Kashmir.

Reek of authoritarianism, denying the region its right guaranteed by UN. The international community cannot turn a blind eye to the ruthlessness violations of human dignity in Kashmir. It is imperative to demand accountability, justice, and an end to the merciless triangle hold that has left the people of Kashmir languishing in the shadows of despair. We acknowledge and appreciate the office of high commissioner for present the two reports.

We appeal to the office of.

High Commission to publish an updated report.

On the worsening situation.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to Association of Iranian Jurists Defending Human Rights.

In the name of God, our NGO expresses its deep concern regarding the military attacks carried out by the occupying power and the United States of America against the Islamic Republic of Iran. Pursuant to Article 2 of the Charter of the UN, the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity of any state is prohibited. Any reliance on preventive or preemptive action is an expansive interpretation of the concept of threat. particularly against a country that, over the past two centuries, hasn't initiated aggression against any other state and has itself repeatedly been the victim of aggression, and also is inconsistent with fundamental principles of international law and the jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice, including the Nicaragua case. On February 28, concluded with peaceful nuclear negotiations, the war among The ruling US government and the occupying power, aided by their allies, simultaneously attacked Iran's territorial integrity and the negotiation process. Furthermore, the targeting of the political and spiritual leader of Iran and the paramount religious leader risks exacerbating regional instability and threatening international peace and security. International responsibility for such actions rests with the attacking parties. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to International Action for Peace and Sustainable Development.

Mr. Vice President, peoples of Jammu and Kashmir are struggling for the right of self-determination to decide about the future fate of the state for last more than seven decades. This right was guaranteed by the UN Security Council and agreed by both India and Pakistan. India changed its position unilaterally by illegally occupying the state and reducing the status of the state to its union territories. A new wave of violence gets momentum against Kashmiris in Indian illegally occupied Kashmir after every incident. During the conflict last year, when Indians attacked civilians in Azad Kashmir, nine innocent civilians were killed in my constituency, including three women in one family when their kitchen was hit by an Indian mortar shell. The international defense analysts were predicting a full-fledged war between the two nuclear states. Kashmiris had no role in the Indian defeat at the hands of Pakistani forces, but Kashmiris are victimized by the Modi's government by all possible methods. Mr. Vice President, the intervention by the global capitals for a ceasefire with the commitment that talks on Kashmir issue will be resumed. was welcomed by the people of Jammu and Kashmir, but the Modi government continued the Indian policy of breaking promises, not only with the people of Jammu and Kashmir, but with the international community also. People of J&K demand the implementation of UN Security Council resolutions to decide their future through an impartial plebiscite under the UN. I thank you.

Thank you. give the floor to War Resisters International.

Ms. President, WRI, together with its partner Connection EV, would like to reiterate the alarm for the ongoing expansion of warfare in several regions of the world, mostly in blatant violation of international law and all in full violation of the right to peace and life. We mourn all victims of war, particularly the civilians, who continue to pay the highest price, such as in the recent bombing of a girls' school in southern Iran. Increasing militarization and ongoing wars dramatically affects all human, civil, political, social, economic, and cultural rights. Objecting to war is one of the first steps toward the implementation of such rights. Arbitrary detention or imprisonment of conscientious objectors to military service has been reported in various states. In different countries, there are illegal conscription practices, such as ongoing roundups in Russia. Others present special provision at time of armed conflict which do not comply with international standards. In Ukraine, for instance, we register a de facto suspension of this right. Some other states, like Greece, impose a punitive and discriminatory alternative civilian service and even revoke conscientious objector status of those who cannot afford it. Azerbaijan, Eritrea, Singapore, and Turkey do not recognize this human right. In Israel, conscientious objectors are repeatedly imprisoned. Many conscientious objectors are forced to flee their country and seek protection abroad, as foreseen by the UNHCR guidelines for international protection. WRI, together with ConActionEV, calls upon this Council to actively collaborate to ensure the human right to conscientious objection to military service, which is inherent to the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion, and which also applies to military personnel and reservists.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to Medical Support Association for Underprivileged Iranian Patients.

Mr. President, in the first 10 days of the Israel-US aggression against Iran, about 30 medical and emergency centers were attacked. 30% of the death toll belongs to children. This is the same pattern followed by Israel in the June aggression against Iran and the decades-long violations against the people of the occupied territories. Iran was in the middle of serious negotiations when the US and Israel started an aggression for a second time, killing 175 primary school girls in two successive attacks, with the survivors being killed in the second round. These crimes violate the international obligation to protect medical centers under the First Geneva Convention, Article 19, and the Additional Protocol, Articles 12 and 15, Mr. President, all these criminal attacks are considered as war crimes under the Article 8 of the Rome Statute. Considering the aggression and the crimes committed, we call on the UN members to urge the Security Council to exercise its authority, address the threats to international peace and security, and consider referring the case to the ICC.

Thank you. I give the floor to Alliance Defending Freedom.

Mr. Vice President, health education plays a vital role in supporting children's holistic well-being and development, particularly in adolescence. At such a sensitive life stage, children require guidance that fosters responsible decision-making, reinforces positive values, and promotes risk avoidance. For over 15 years, comprehensive sexuality education has been touted as a rights-based tool to safeguard and empower children. Yet rigorous reviews do not support these claims. They reveal a lack of evidence of sustained reductions in early sexual debut, pregnancies, or risk behaviors, and in some cases are linked with worsening health outcomes. Most CSE programs introduce detrimental views on gender and sexuality, expose children to inappropriate sexual content, and normalize high-risk behavior rather than prioritizing a healthy understanding of human sexuality consistent with a child's development needs. CSE programs often sideline or exclude parents, with curricula lacking transparency or opt-out options, undermining their human rights to make informed decisions to safeguard their children and to ensure their religious and moral education in conformity with their own convictions. In contrast, family-centered programs have a strong track record of reducing harms and strengthening social bonds while aligning with cultural and religious values. Mr. Vice President, ADF International calls on states to reject comprehensive sexuality education and other ideologically driven frameworks, and to ensure scientifically appropriate curricula fully consistent with respect for the rights of both parent and child. By coming alongside parents to recenter a whole and healthy understanding of the human person, we can truly protect children's dignity and equip them for the future.

Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. I give the floor to Iranian Thalassemia Society.

Iranian Thalassemia Association strongly condemned the military aggression by occupy power and United States against Iran, which have deliberately targeted hospital and medical center. These attacks have not only resulted in killing and injury of a large number of innocent citizen, but also have caused extensive damage to medical and health infrastructure. For instance, On 1st of March, Ahvaz Abuzar Children Hospital was directly and intentionally targeted by missile attack. The hospital, which has a special center for treatment thalassemia patients and has been responsible for providing regular blood transfusion services for over three decades. Based on international instance, hospital must be immune from any military aggression. Meanwhile, the recent attack constitutes a clear violation of international law, including international humanitarian law and the Geneva Convention. Mr. President, we believe that attacks on medical centers must not remain unpunished. Furthermore, we call on the Human Rights Council to take immediate and impartial action to hold the occupying power and the United States accountable for grave violation of human rights and humanitarian. I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to United Villages, Filajuni.

Thank you, Chair. United Villages highlights the critical situation of mass graves in Jammu and Kashmir, which holds the remains of thousands of individuals who disappeared during conflict. These graves, often unmarked and vulnerable, face further threats from natural factors like soil erosion, floods, and human actions. Reports indicate over 2,700 graves containing more than 219 bodies, with many sites damaged or at risk. The Jammu Kashmir State Human Rights Commission has documented these graves, identifying 574 locations among the victims. UN special procedures mandate holders have urged India to secure sites to prevent the destruction of evidence and to investigate the allegations of thousands of graves containing unidentified individuals. Mr. President, preserving these sites is essential for the dignity of deceased, accountability for alleged human rights, historical record, truth, and justice for victims and families. Damage to these graves compounds the sufferings of families and undermines efforts towards reconciliation. United Village urges this Council to support investigation and preservation efforts and ensure protection of these sites from damage. Preserving these graves is a deep step towards healing and justice. We request this Council's attention to this urgent matter.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to China NGO Network for International Exchanges.

Thank you, Mr. President. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the Independent Expert for his valuable report. We are the Tianjin Eco-City Friends of Green Ecoculture Promotion Association. a member of the China NGO Network for International Exchanges. Guided by our mission to advocate green civilization and practice green actions, we have been actively participating in global environmental governance. We firmly believe that the right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment is a fundamental human right. It must serve as a guiding principle for global action. Therefore, we urge all UN Member States to take two key steps: First, improve environmental rule of law. We must safeguard the public's right to know, to participate, and to supervise environmental affairs, ensuring equality and justice for all. Second, advocate for green lifestyles. Let us carry out low-carbon initiatives at the community level and bring society together for environmental protection. Together, we can enjoy clear blue skies and clean waters, contributing our efforts to global governance and building a community with a shared future for mankind. Thank you, Mr. President.

Gracias.

Thank you. I give the floor to Reveil Communautaire d'Assistance aux Victimes.

Mr. Vice President, Pakistan's transnational repression targets critics far beyond its borders. Dissidents, activists, and journalists face threats, harassment, and violence worldwide, violating fundamental rights such as freedom of expression and the right of life. Reports from Freedom House, Human Rights Watch, and the U.S. State Department indicate that hundreds of individuals have been targeted abroad since 2014 through attacks, digital harassment, abductions, and misuse of international legal mechanisms. Within Pakistan, UN data record more than 10,000 enforced disappearances since 2001, many occurring in Balochistan. Recent cases illustrate this pattern. Researcher Roshan Katak received death threats while studying abroad.

His cousin, Idris Katak, was abducted and sentenced by a military court.

In 2026, the family home of activist Shakruk Lind was raided while he sought asylum overseas. Mr. Vice President, the international community must urge Pakistan to end transnational repression, investigate these violations, and ensure accountability. Thank you, Mr. Vice President.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. I give the floor to Jubilee Campaign.

Ausente.

Absent.

I give the floor.

Mr. President, is there any international order left after the United States and Israel have so clearly ruined the lives of the Iranian nation?

How can recent aggression against.

Iran be called anything but a massacre when they have martyred our leader, killed thousands of civilians, including 118 schoolgirls in a single building, and destroyed over 6,000 homes and hospitals in just one week? The devastation does not stop at our homes and classrooms. By systematically turning our national lifelines into rubble—bombing oil depots, water desalination plants, stadiums, and airports—the U.S. and Israel are actively executing clear-cut war crimes and crimes against humanity. Given the recent brutal atrocities, what is the international community waiting for to hold the perpetrators accountable? We urge the Human Rights Council to establish a fact-finding mission to conduct investigation of atrocities arising from this aggression, to submit detailed reports to the UN and recommend legal and remedial measures to protect the rights of Iranian victims and their families, and to present documentation of the crimes to bring the perpetrators to justice and their impunity. We urge every independent country to finally rein in these two dangerous entities before their endless crimes destroy what is left of global peace. I thank you, Mr. President.

Thank you. I give the floor to the Al Salam Foundation.

Mr. President, I draw your attention to Bahrain's dangerous, escalating suppression of freedom of opinion and peaceful assembly amid the recent U.S.-Israeli war on Iran. Since the war began on 28 February, authorities have violently repressed citizens expressing views on the conflict, including minors, women, and elderly individuals with chronic illnesses. Demonstrations have been dispersed, and dozens have been arrested daily for participating in protests expressing solidarity with Iran, condemning the war, and calling for an end to the US military presence in Bahrain. Ongoing arrests have also targeted citizens expressing pro-Iran views online, celebrating, or merely filming Iranian strikes on U.S. military sites. We are further concerned by the rapid referral of many detainees to trial on charges such as treason, sympathy with Iran against Bahrain, and unlawful filming of strategic locations, indicating possible swift, unfair trials. We urge Bahrain to immediately and unconditionally release all detainees, drop the charges against them, end the ongoing arrests, and adopt a policy of reconciliation that respects differing political views and ends their legal and social persecution. Thank you.

Thank you. I now give the floor to the Agence internationale pour le développement.

President, I'm speaking to the Council on behalf of the NGO Agence internationale pour le développement, an organization committed to the defense and protection of human rights in connection with the case of Ms. Mahamod Mohamed. who has been a direct victim of sexual violence allegedly perpetrated by Brahim Gali, Secretary General of the Polisario Front. The case that we present today does not constitute an isolated or exceptional event. On the contrary, it is part of a persistent and structural pattern of violations of human rights that for decades has affected women and girls in Tindouf camps. Various Testimonies and complaints point out the existence of physical, sexual, and psychological abuse committed in a context characterized by the absence of fundamental freedoms, lack of judicial guarantees, and absence of effective protection mechanisms for victims. For years, the Tinduf camps have been presented to the international community spaces for refugee humanitarian assistance. However, numerous testimonies from victims reveal a deeply disturbing reality: a system of political and social control that restricts individual freedom, limits access to the judiciary, and makes it seriously difficult to report abuses. In this context, the decision of women

Thank you. I now give the floor to.

We would like to address your council to speak about a minor who is under 13 years old and who is in the Tindouf camps in total absence of any monitoring by UN or any judicial entity on the 25th of February. He was abducted and illegally detained and subject to torture all night, including beating, burning parts of his body, and he was falsely accused of sexually assaulting a member of one of the families that were torturing him. Causing physical and psychological harm is a very serious crime, and postponing impunity will lead to more violations. That's why we call upon you and all UN human rights mechanisms to give this case due attention and to take actions immediately. We also call for protection for the victim, his family, opening an investigation, and sending a mission to look for the facts. According to the CRC, any delay in international intervention will lead to lots of damages. The child's name is...

Thank you. I now give the floor to Asociación Mauna for Human Rights and Immigration.

Thank you, President. We praise the adoption yesterday of

Shambhali Trust. Thank you. I'd like to give the floor to Shambhali Trust. Please go ahead.

Yes.

President, we praise the adoption by the UN Security Council of a resolution that condemns the attacks by Iran against some countries of the Gulf region from the very beginning of this unacceptable aggression by Iran, we called for international condemnation because this aggression violates international law, threatens civilian infrastructure, civilians, and international navigation. We have recorded with concern the fact that Iran ignored this resolution and acts of aggression have continued last night against the states of the Gulf region, and this behavior of Iran undermines the decisions of the Security Council and the collective security system that underpins the UN system. Our question is, what is the relevance of international resolutions if they are not immediately implemented? Another question: Why there is no international coalition to ensure that Iran fully respects its commitments and put an end to the aggression?

I thank the Association MOA for Human Rights and Immigrants. Now, looking back at my list, the next speaker is Shambali Trust. You have the floor.

Mr. Vice President, human rights progress is not only measured through laws and resolutions, but through everyday.

Change in people's lives. Quiet, consistent actions at the community level, access to education, safety, dignity, and opportunity are where human rights become real. Sambali Trust experiences this progress daily. In the classrooms of primary education centers where girls return to learning, and through empowerment centers where improvements in livelihoods restore self-worth, human rights move from promise to practice. Rights-based initiatives in India like the Midday Scheme and Poshan Ahaa in education, nutrition, sanitation, housing and digital inclusion now reach hundreds of millions. Each educated girl, each woman who earns with dignity, and each child who feels protected reflects a positive trajectory that aligns with India's people-centered development vision. All nations must support civil society, invest in local solutions, protect human right defenders, and measure success not only by policy adoption, but by lived dignity, ensuring that human rights improvements are felt daily by everyone, everywhere.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to Juventum EV.

Mr. President, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, Educational NGO for Sustainability Juventum is honored to participate. Dramatic wars and conflicts sometimes overshadow the importance of the protection and promotion of human rights. However, the importance of the rights does not diminish during the wars. The rights to physical integrity and to the environment, among others, stay essential. The contaminated environment stays dirty during the wars too. For example, the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster is still ongoing, harming some people's lives on this 15th anniversary. Those who caused this industrial disaster through inaction are enjoying impunity. Only 0.9 grams out of 880 tons of the meltdown debris were taken out for examination. The decommissioning seems to be a dream. We need the science to evaluate. What we need to understand there are chemistry and biology, rather than the nice sounding propaganda of physics and engineering. We cannot overemphasize the importance of education. Critical thinking, empathy, and compassion are essential and the foundation of the human rights-based approach. Education can teach us that democracy tends to be more corrupt when it is more indirect. Thank you very much for your attention.

Thank you. I give the floor now to the Organization Internationale pour les Pays les Moins Avancés.

Mr. Vice President, the crisis in Sudan is first and foremost a human tragedy. After nearly three years of war, millions of civilians are facing hunger, displacement, and the collapse of basic services. Entire communities are simply struggling to survive. While the conflict is often described as a confrontation between armed faction, its roots go deeper. Years of political exclusion, militarization of institution, and competition over economic resources have weakened state structure and allowed networks such as the Muslim Brotherhood to prolong the violence in an effort to reassert their political and ideological influence. Meanwhile, restriction on humanitarian access and repeated attacks on civilians have sharply intensified the suffering of the Sudanese population. Civilian must remain at the center of any response. First, safe and sustained humanitarian.

Access must be guaranteed across the country so that food, medical care, and essential assistance can reach those in need.

Second, accountability for serious violation of human right is essential to restore trust and prevent further abuses.

Third, the international community.

Must support an inclusive, civilian-led political process that strengthens democratic institutions and gives Sudanese civil.

Society a meaningful role in shaping the country’s future. The people of Sudan are not merely victims of this conflict; they are key actors in building peace.

Protecting them, listening to them, and supporting their resilience must guide our collective action.

Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the Association Culturelle des Tamaoulen de France.

Mr. Vice President, I'm here to raise an urgent alarm regarding a systematic and expanding campaign of transnational repression and assassination by India targeting Sikh activists globally. Reports indicate regular extrajudicial killings are taking place, with the most recent example just weeks ago of 19-year-old Ranjit Singh, who was arrested from home and subsequently killed in a fake encounter by Indian security agencies, sparking mass protests in Punjab. These are staged executions that bypass the judicial process, designed to spread fear amongst critics of the Indian government. The Indian state continues to weaponize the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act to incarcerate activists for years without charge. In 2019, nine special mandate holders criticized this act in document reference number IND-7-2020, and I quote, "an overboard and ambiguous definition of terrorism due to the vast array of activities that might fall within its scope." We highlight the case of Bhai Amritpal Singh, a Sikh leader and democratically elected member of Parliament in India who remains detained under the National Security Act for nearly three years. Additionally, the case of Bhai Jagtar Singh Johal, a British-born national who has been incarcerated in Indian prison for eight years, subjected to inhumane torture as documented by special mandate holders of this Council. This repression is no longer confined by borders, it has evolved into global hunting ground. We urge this Council to hold India accountable. The world’s largest so-called democracy cannot be allowed to act as one of the world’s most violent participants in silencing the Sikh call for self-determination in the form of Khalistan. Thank you.

Gracias.

Thank you. I now give the floor to the World Muslim Congress.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. We deliver this statement with grave alarm over the catastrophic human rights situation in Indian-occupied Jammu and Kashmir. Where occupation has metastasized into systematic cultural genocide and political erasure, India has transformed Kashmir into an open-air prison. The rights of freedom of expression and peaceful assembly have been crushed under draconian laws, while a suffocating digital siege and pervasive social media surveillance criminalize dissent and isolate the population from the world. Human rights defenders face relentless harassment, arbitrary detentions, extrajudicial violence, alongside thousands of political prisoners languishing in jails without trial. Delhi’s so-called “seven-pillar security doctrine” is in reality seven bars of an iron cage. Militarizing every aspect of civilian life, families of victims killed in fake encounters are denied even their fundamental dignity to lost rights, with bodies buried in unknown graves to erase the evidence of war crimes. Concurrently, India wages a systematic campaign of religious persecution against Muslims, demolishing homes, banning religious practices, and inciting violence with impunity. This Council cannot remain complicit. We demand immediate international intervention, unrestricted access of special procedures, accountability for these crimes against humanity. Mr. Vice President, silence is complicity. I thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. I give the floor to Community Human Rights and Advocacy Center.

Mr. President, my organization expresses deep concern over the continuous reason, the civil, social and cultural right and Indian administration in Jammu and Kashmir recently government referred and study construct the civil space along government process of the livelihood and cultural identity. In recent day, government employees, including Shaukat Ahmad, Liaqat Ali, and Qasir Hussain, were dismissed under the unlawful activity process act UAPA without transport investment, the process such action show who border security, legal and expression used in the way of the under employed security and base prefer the safeguard. The sharing of the civil space allows the different and the civil youth after the process the USA Israel sharing on the Iran and the event of the whole strong culture and reason for many, the region, the research of the experience, future development of the civil space at the same time, culture, lecture, and education for the beginning of the reason about the many years of the Kashmir language and inside the history.

Thank you. I understand that the following speakers are not in the room: CID, Association Paix pour la Lutte contre la Contrainte et l'Injustice, Chivi Development Society, African Development Association, and Hong Kong Federation of Women. I give the floor now to Society for Development and Community Empowerment.

Global warming is usually discussed from technical and industrial point of view, but it also has a cultural dimension which often ignored. Cultural diversity plays a vital role in ecological balance. If multiple cultures exist, multiple lifestyle will exist, multiple consumption pattern, which are all reduce the pressure on the environment. This kind of cultural diversity is preserved by civilizations, which have multiple gods, means multiple lifestyles.

Most importantly.

Natural aspects protected by civilization in the name of nature worship. For instance, in my native at Pandruti in Tamil Nadu, we have Gedilam river, which believed that river has been.

Created for Abhisheka for Lord Vishnu. The world must understand the difference between the civilizations and religions.

Most of the religions are.

Based on one God ideology, which promotes same pattern of lifestyle, which increase the pressure of environment.

We have already lost ancient civilizations like Egypt.

Rome civilizations due to religious conversions. It is crucial for the world to protect existing civilizations. India is one of the living oldest civilizations.

Hence, this submission.

Seeks to take necessary steps to curtail the rapid religious conversions in the lands where oldest civilizations still exist.

This is not for cultural protection. This is for world protection from global warming.

Thank you. I give the floor to Al-Bashir Foundation for Development.

Mr. Vice-Chair, despite the continued warnings about the global erosion of civic space and reprisals against human rights defenders, these concerns remain acutely relevant in occupied territories of Western Sahara, where arbitrary detention continues to function as a systemic tool of repression. Sahrawi human rights defenders, journalists, and students are routinely subjected to short-term and prolonged detention without clear legal basis. frequently accompanied by allegations of ill-treatment and violations of fair trial guarantees. Such practices are not isolated incidents, but form part of a broader pattern aimed at deterring peaceful expression and silencing calls for the right to self-determination. The continued detention of members of GDEM Izike group, alongside cases such as journalist Khatri Dada and others, exemplify the criminal of legitimate human rights work. Despite opinions issued by the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, Morocco has yet to ensure effective remedies or accountability. Based on the above, we urge the Council to intensify follow-up on cases of arbitrary detention in Western Sahara, to call for the immediate release of those detained for exercising their fundamental freedoms, and to renew consideration of establishing.

Thank you. I now give the floor to Forum Mediterranean for the promotion of citizens' rights.

We would like to highlight the significant progress achieved by the Kingdom of Morocco in advancing women's rights in line with its commitments as per the CEDAW. The 2011 Constitution, together with the legal and policy reforms, represent a key step towards equality and justice, providing a strong legal framework for women's rights protection. We have also witnessed notable progress in terms of combating gender-based violence through protective policies and effective support mechanisms alongside development programs targeting rural women and improving access to essential services. In political participation and public life, steps have been taken to enhance women's representation and to strengthen the role of women's civil society. Such achievements reflect Morocco's commitment to women's empowerment and the effective implementation of CEDAW. Women's participation should be secured at all levels, including vulnerable groups, marginalized women, women living in the rural areas. We are confident that this will lead to achieve equality and justice for all women and to have a cohesive society in Morocco. Thank you.

Thank you. I know really found it.

Thank you very much, President. The Eliska Relief Foundation would like to draw the attention of the members of the Council and observer countries to the alarming situation related to the wars that are being carried out in the Middle East by the United States and Israel. Mr. President, new wars will only increase chaos in an already unstable region that will have decades-long impact on civilians with a direct impact on human rights and international law. Mr. President, all of these developments are taking place where the military dependence on artificial intelligence is accelerated. In February 2026, OpenAI signed an agreement with the Department of Defense of the United States in order to deploy its models of artificial intelligence within the classified military networks of the U.S. Army. This gives rise to serious concerns related to the use of this technology for mass surveillance or autonomous weapons systems that escape any effective human control. As a result, Eliska Relief Foundation urges all states to condemn such practices and take steps in order to prevent incalculable consequences of the use of such systems. We support the draft resolution that is aimed at mitigating the risks of using artificial intelligence for military purposes. Thank you.

Thank you. I now give the floor to Shanxi Patriotic Volunteer Association.

Thank you. Mr. President, I represent the International Patriotic Pact Organization advocating that love for one's own country shouldn't harm other countries' interests. This year marks the 80th anniversary of the UN, 20th anniversary of this council. This should be a crucial juncture for international community to march together towards prosperity. However, some powers have blatantly violated international rules following the gangster's logic of disregarding international law and dragged the international community back into the world under the law of jungle. They have abducted president of sovereign state, assassinated leaders of plunged the world into unilateralism, protectionism, and hegemony. Multilateralism has suffered severe setbacks, and human rights cause has encountered difficulties. The root cause for this chaos is lack of globally recognized concept of patriotism. Some political elites only pursue their own national interests when formulating national Development policies completely disregarding the rights of other countries. To address this issue, we have collaborated with 300 NGOs to draft international Pact and design mechanism for reviewing countries' right to development. We hope through the Pact and the review mechanism, we can ensure that countries make decisions that do not harm the legitimate interests of others while pursuing their development, therefore, promoting peaceful and sustainable development and laying a solid basis for harmony and stability.

Thank you. I now give the floor to the Associazione Comunità Papa Giovanni XXIII.

Mr. Vice President, APG23 welcomes the Secretary General's report on the human rights of migrants. We want to bring the voices of people on the move we meet in our facilities and through the different activities we carry out to support them. Their stories show how migrants continue to experience human rights violations and are ever more criminalized and stigmatized, victims of widespread dehumanizing narratives and repressive measures. Border control is too often undertaken in the absolute violation of human rights, through indiscriminate use of violence, pushbacks, and arbitrary detention. Several national migration policies result in militarizing or externalizing border control, and limiting access to international protection to asylum seekers. We strongly urge Member States to adopt a migration governance framework that prioritizes justice, accountability, protection of human life, and access to rights and services. We advocate for safe, accessible, independent, and effective monitoring systems and complaint mechanisms, also by involving civil society, national human rights institutions, and migrant-led organizations. Too often, vulnerability is treated as a crime rather than a condition requiring protection. All migrants, regardless of their status, are human rights holders. Protecting their lives, integrity, safety, and dignity is not a political option, but is a legal and ethical obligation. Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. I give the floor to Matt for Peace, Development, and Human Rights Association.

Mr. Vice President, during the high-level segment, most statements highlighted the serious threats facing human rights and the effectiveness and efficiency of this Council after 20 years since its establishment. However, will we continue to diagnose this situation for years without considering solutions? Mr. Vice President, the significant deterioration of human rights and international law is partly due to the failure of governments to fulfill their commitments. Following the renewed clashes in Tigray and the rising tensions in Amhara, civilians have been the primary victims. A drone attack on the 25th of November 2025, which targeted a healthcare facility in the North Swallow area of Amhara, resulted in the deaths of nearly 13 civilians and injuries to others. Additionally, the Ethiopian government continues to increase restrictions on independent NGOs ahead of the national elections scheduled for June 2026. These practices are just a small part of the widespread violations committed by the current Ethiopian government. Therefore, we call upon states to pressure the Ethiopian government to immediately stop the violence in Tigray and Amhara. We also believe it's time to reestablish an independent investigation mechanism to document the serious human rights violations in Ethiopia and ensure accountability and justice. I thank you.

Thank you. The next speaker is. Tamil Style is not present in the room. I'll give the floor to Akshar Foundation.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President, distinguished delegates.

Inclusive regional development is integral to the realization of human rights, particularly economic, social, and cultural.

Rights, including the right to development.

Strengthening public institutions and expanding access to essential services are central to advancing equity, participation, and social cohesion. India's Northeast region is among the most culturally and ethnically diverse areas in the world, with rich linguistic and indigenous traditions.

After decades of relative neglect, in recent years, sustained public engagement and targeted investment have supported infrastructure development, institutional expansion, and improved access to education, healthcare, and connectivity across the region.

The government of India has emphasized regional integration through investments in public infrastructure and higher education institutions, alongside initiatives aimed at employment generation.

Skill development, and sustainable livelihoods.

As an education organization headquartered in Assam, Akshara Foundation has observed the positive impact of strengthened institutional presence and increased public investment in fostering opportunity and social stability to the benefit of the children we serve.

To encourage even further progress, we urge the Human Rights Council to acknowledge.

The success of India's regionally inclusive development strategies that integrate infrastructure, institutional strengthening, and participatory governance in line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to Patiala Foundation video statement.

Mr. President.

I speak today to raise awareness about a right that is simple, yet powerful, the right to safe mobility. Every person has the right to travel without risking their life. Every year, road crashes take millions of lives across the world.

These deaths are preventable.

Road safety is not just a transport issue, it's a human rights issue. It is directly linked to the right to life and right to health. In India, we now treat road safety as a national priority. Through initiatives like Sadak Suraksha Abhiyan 2026, road safety is seen as a shared responsibility, a civic duty. India's efforts have also been recognized internationally, including the Prince Michael International Road Safety Award. But government action alone is not enough. Civil societies play a vital role. At the Patiala Foundation, through our Project Sadak, we support UN Sustainable Development Goals 3 and 11, good health and safer cities. Our work is simple and practical.

We have made over 27,000 cyclists safer by providing reflective stickers.

We created the Children Chalan book, empowering children to promote road discipline in their families and communities. We conduct road safety audits and promote safe school zones so that children can travel to school safely. We work for every person, including a person with disabilities, who has the right to travel without risking their life. When a breadwinner dies in a road crash, a family can fall into poverty overnight. Preventing crashes protects not just lives, but livelihoods and dignity. India's experience shows that when government and civil society works together, change is possible. We urge this Council to recognize road safety as a human rights priority. No one should have to risk their life simply to move from one place to another. Thank you, Mr. President.

Thank you. I give the floor for a joint statement to the World Organization of the Scout Movement.

Thank you, Mr. President.

I speak on behalf of the NGO Working Group on Human Rights, Education and Learning.

This year marks 15 years since the adoption of the United Nations.

Declaration on Human Rights Education and Training, a milestone that invites both celebration and reflection.

While important progress has been made, the promise of the Declaration remains far from fully realized. We urge States to strengthen the implementation of the fifth phase of the World Programme for Human Rights Education. This phase offers a critical opportunity to strengthen national systems, empower educators, and ensure that learners of all ages acquire the knowledge, skills, and values needed to uphold human rights in practice. The Universal Periodic Review remains a cornerstone for accountability and mutual learning. Civil society plays a vital role in bringing lived realities into the review and supporting implementation on the ground. At a time.

When recent decisions by some states to disengage risk weakening our collective efforts, protecting meaningful civil society participation.

Is more important than ever. In this fragile civic context, marked by unrest, polarization, and misinformation, human rights education is key.

It equips people to think critically, engage peacefully, and participate meaningfully in public life. We call on all States to invest in inclusive, well-resourced, and participatory human rights education in close partnership with civil society educators and communities. The future of human rights.

Depends on States upholding their commitments and working to ensure that human rights education becomes a reality for all.

Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to International Movement for Advancement of Education, Culture, Social-Economic Development.

Absent.

Absent. I now give the floor to the Agence Suisse pour le Développement et les Droits de l'Homme.

Mr. Vice President, in light of rapid technological transformation, the digital space has become an integral part of children's lives worldwide, making the protection of their digital rights and the safeguarding of their safety and privacy an international priority. The Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 affirms the child's right to access information and to non-discrimination, rights that extend to the digital environment. Furthermore, General Comment number 25, 2021 of the Committee of the Rights of the Child emphasizes the need to update national legislation to protect children from harmful content, exploitation, and violation of privacy in the digital context. While the digital space offers significant opportunities for learning and innovation, it also exposes children to risks such as cyberbullying, sexual exploitation, and the misuse of personal data. In this regard, we commend the efforts of the United Arab Emirates and its wise leadership in promoting children's rights to learning and innovation within a safe digital environment. The UAE issued Federal Decree Law No. 26 of 2025 on the Child Digital Safety, which entered into force in January 2026, establishing a comprehensive legal framework to protect children and their awareness of the responsible use of modern technologies. Accordingly, we recommend that the System Council encourage States to update their legislation, strengthen institutional capacities, support international partnerships, and prepare periodic reports to measure progress achieved with a view to ensuring a safe digital environment that supports children's growth and well-being. Thank you, Mr. Vice President.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. I now give the floor to Merja Zarca.

Mr. President, the World Employment and Social Outlook Trend 2026 issued by the ILO indicates that the global labour market is moving towards relative stabilization after years of disruption. However, productivity growth remains below the levels required to support the creation of decent work opportunities. This calls for reinforcing both employment and productivity within a comprehensive framework of protection. as essential pillars for achieving inclusive and sustainable economic growth. The UAE has emerged as a leading and attractive destination for workers, recording a continuous annual increase in the number of migrant workers over recent years. This reflects sustained global confidence in a work environment that ensures social protection, equity, and equal opportunities. 99% of private sector workers are registered under the wage protection system. 90% of workers are enrolled in the unemployment insurance scheme. The total compensation dispersed to those who lost their jobs exceeded 350 million dirhams in 2024-2025. We urge this esteemed Council to support the strengthening of international cooperation in the exchange of expertise and best practices in labor market governance, to intensify awareness-raising efforts regarding workers' rights and to invest in digital solutions to enhance labor inspection mechanisms and expedite the resolution of labor disputes.

Thank you. I now give the floor to Vision Mondiale de la Santé, VIMS.

Absent.

Absent. I give the floor now to Socialist International.

Mr. Vice President, at the time when the world is in turmoil, when international relations are strained and the rule of law is too often ignored, the Socialist International reaffirms its belief in a world that respects human rights and the right of peoples. It is dedicated to protecting and reinforcing our democracy. We stand on international relations grounded in principles, not force, in multilateral cooperation, and for a global order without genocide, whether in Gaza, Palestine, Darfur, Sudan, or Rohingya, Myanmar are prevented and punished. This vision is not naive. It is grounded in hard lessons of history. It is in this spirit that Socialist International, in its last meeting in Malta, November 2025, adopted the resolution on the situation in and around Nagorno-Karabakh, asserting that the conflict cannot be resolved by military means, and for the process to be successful, it must include collective voluntary safe and international guaranteed return of those displaced from Nagorno-Karabakh. The Socialist International as global organization, in these troubled and uncertain times, reiterate the need for respect and compliance with international law and the United Nations Charter, and consider their violation and all unilateral acts of war to be unacceptable. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to Africa Cultura Internacional.

Thank you very much, President. Africa Culture International would like to thank the Special Representative for the commitment to the protection of children in armed conflict. Despite international efforts, the use of children in armed forces continues. In the DRC, thousands of children are exposed to forced recruitment by armed groups that have not been identified. Similar practices have been documented in the Sahel, in Central African Republic, in South Sudan, and Chad Lake Basin, violating the fundamental rights to education, exposing children to extreme violence. We'd like to draw the attention of the Council to the worrying situation of children. Information that we have refers to the indoctrination of children in especially vulnerable conditions. thousand children have been exposed to such practices. Mr. President, the protection of children should remain the highest priority despite any political considerations, and we call for the strengthening of monitoring mechanisms to guarantee independent access to concerned individuals and to ensure the reintegration of children affected by armed conflicts. Protecting children is protecting our future. Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. I now give the floor to American Association of Jurists.

Mr. Vice President, we would like to refer to the situation in Latin America, the use of judiciary for political persecutions leading to arbitrary detentions, lack of due process, and undermining the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the American Convention on Human Rights. Different studies characterize the situation as a hybrid war. We see that in region that sectors of the judiciary, with the support of the media and economic interests, have been placed above democratic institutions. We've seen the situation in Ecuador, where detentions are carried out in violation of the Vienna Convention, Peru, Cristina Fernández Kirchner in Argentina, and others that have been detained for crimes that have not been proved. We have seen indication of arbitrary detentions in these countries. The constitutional president of Venezuela, Nicolas Maduro, and Ms. Flores have been abducted by the United States. The United States should put an end to unilateral course of measures against Cuba, Nicaragua, and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela violating the sovereign equality of states. We urge the Human Rights Council and special rapporteurs to pay special attention to the above situation as part of their mandates. Thank you.

Now, this was the last statement related to the general debate under item 3. We will now continue with statements related to the exercise of the right of reply in connection with agenda item 3. Now I would like to give the floor to the distinguished representative of Argentina.

President, I would like to make a statement in connection with the dialogues with Special Arbiters on the fight against terrorism. and the criticism addressed against Argentina by organizations that have been presented with reference to problems. President, it's important to recognize that any democracy always, there's a balance between security and democracies. The first defines what we are as society, and the second defines how this democracy can exist without any fears. Our constitution guarantees the right to protest, the freedom of expression, the rights of indigenous persons. No one in my country can be persecuted for their ideas and for political statements. But also there's a line that no democracy can allow to be crossed. There's a difference between legitimate protest and organized violence. Now, what this organization has mentioned that is important to say is that constitutional guarantees in Argentina are full and completed. They are fully applicable, as well as parliamentary and judicially controlled, provided for by laws. The coordination between the bodies of the state to deal with threats to national security is a normal and habitual practice in any modern democracies. This is something that is obvious, that should not even be mentioned. The second point, Argentinian legislations on combating terrorism does not criminalize protests or social reindications. It establishes clear limits and addresses serious violations related to terror or undermining public authorities. These organizations have selective attacks. Forget that two bombs placed in 1992 and 1904. that relate to international terrorism, as identified by Argentinian judiciary. So these acts, Mr. President, as many others as those that can may threaten the lives of residents, how should we call such acts? We have to carry out an exercise to find the other qualifications. Perhaps it can be defined as an act of solidarity or an act of lacking of social approach. We have to either coordinate or remain complicit. Now, to guarantee that the government of President Milei guarantees fully all the rights and freedoms, and the people of Argentina have decided to live in peace, order, and freedom. Thank you very much, President.

Thank you very much. I now give the floor to distinguished representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. My delegation exercise its right of reply to respond to certain allegation raised during this session and to place on record our serious concern regarding the current situation. The United States and Israeli regime have imposed a large and unjustifiable war on all region, they bear full responsibility for the current situation as they initiated a clear act of aggression against Iran in violation of fundamental principles of international law. The prohibition of the use of force under Article 2, paragraph 4 of the Charter of the United Nations is not a selective obligation. When these foundational principles is openly violated, the targeted state has no choice but to exercise its inherent right of self-defense under Article 51 of the UN Charter. Since 28 February 2026, Iran has been subjected to indiscriminate attack against its territory and its people. At the same time, Iran has been unjustly blamed for the militarization action of others who consistently seek to distort the reality of the region. As expressly affirmed by the authorities of Iran, any point of origin, base, or territorial platform from which acts of aggression against Iran are initiated, irrespective of the State in which such force may be stationed shall, consistent with Article 3 of the annex to General Assembly resolution 33/14 and the definition of aggression, be regarded as a lawful military objective in the exercise of Iran's inherent right of self-defense. Finally, we wish to convey a clear message to all neighboring country: Iran has never attacked and will never attack the territory of its neighboring country. We are fully aware of your position. However, this war was imposed on Iran, and Iran cannot be subjected to act of aggression while being expected to remain silent and refrain from defending itself. Iran has strongly urged all countries not to allow their territory to be misused for attacks against the Iranian people and its territory.

I thank you.

Thank you very much. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Tunisia.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. My delegation asks for the floor to exercise its right of reply at what was said by the International Commission of Jurists and the misleading information and disinformation provided. We reaffirm the following: We refuse the attempts by this NGO to question the legal reform in Tunisia. and to interfere in the judiciary that works in all independence in accordance with the law, while preserving human rights and especially the right to a defense. Our judiciary is based on evidence. Here, we would like to say that any attempt to put pressure to bear on the Tunisian judiciary for political gain will be in vain. We reaffirm that such NGOs are not competent and have no mandate to hand down sentences that are misleading or to hand down sentences instead of the Tunisian courts, and we refuse the misuse of the Human Rights Council for such a purpose. And we are surprised that all of this comes from an NGO that pretends to or says it's an international commission of jurists. Tunisia respects and promotes human rights in accordance with international commitments and national law. We have taken a path of reform to entrench real democracy and rule of law. we reform the judiciary to make sure it upholds its mandate and role in all impartiality and without any politicization. To reform the judiciary was a request by the Tunisian people and an urgent priority for the state in order to shed light on grave crimes that were committed in the decade preceding July 2021, foremost amongst which political assassinations, terrorist crimes, and deportation issues to places of conflict. Judicial procedures are taken abiding by Tunisian laws and in full respect of human rights. And I thank you, Mr. Vice President.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Indonesia.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Indonesia wishes to exercise its.

Right of reply to the statement delivered by an NGO yesterday during the general debate under item 3 regarding the national strategic project in Merauke.

Allow me to underline that this initiative forms part of Indonesia's broader national efforts to strengthen food security.

While supporting inclusive development in Papua.

For Indonesia, ensuring a stable and sustainable food supply is a matter of national resilience, but also closely linked to the realization of the right to food.

And right to development of our people, including local communities in the provinces of Papua, particularly in a global context that is exacerbated by growing food insecurity and disruption to supply chains. At the same time, these initiatives are intended to contribute to local development through the improvement of infrastructure, the creation of employment opportunities, and the strengthening.

Of supporting industries, including initiatives related to agricultural value chains and bioenergy development. Indonesia's legal systems provide avenues for communities to raise concerns and seek review of administrative decisions before competent courts. Such mechanisms are an integral part of the rule of law and democratic governance.

Our government.

Continues to emphasize responsible land use planning, environmental safeguards, and engagement with local communities in the implementation of these development initiatives. It is our commitment to ensure that development initiatives are implemented in accordance with the national legislation and procedures. Indonesia remains to constructive dialogue and engagement, including with civil society organization and local communities, with a view to ensuring that this development initiative continue to promote the well-being of communities while.

Upholding our shared commitment to human rights. I thank you.

Thank you very much. I now give the floor to distinguished.

Vice President, some NGOs abused Council platform, fabricating and spreading false information in the name of human rights to attack and smear China's human rights situation. China firmly opposes and rejects this. At present, Tibet's economy continues to develop, society remains stable, people of all ethnic groups enjoy full protection of their rights, including freedom of religious belief and expression. The Constitution clearly guarantees citizens' freedom of religious belief, and the revised Regulations on Religious Affairs further strengthen this protection. Tibetan Buddhism, Islam, and Catholicism have long coexisted in Tibet. Over 1,700 religious and cultural activities are held regularly, such as the Shorten Festival, Lantern Festival, Saga Dawa, and pilgrimages. Religious believers make over a million privileged pilgrimages to Lhasa each year, and their religious needs are fully met. China is a country with the rule of law, and everyone is equal before the law. The public security and judicial authorities strictly handle cases in accordance with the law. In this process, the parties concerned and their defense lawyers fully enjoy all lawful rights. These NGOs maliciously played up related issues in the Council with the true intention of whitewashing criminals that have nothing to do with promoting or protecting human rights. Such heinous actions should be condemned by the international community and must be held accountable. In recent years, many foreign friends have visited Tibet and witness first-hand its social development, economic development, stability, ethnic unity, and religious harmony. We hope that those who are unaware of the facts will abandon prejudice and assumptions, visit Tibet in person, learn about real Tibet, and experience its development. In the face of facts and truth, lies will collapse on their own. Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. I now give the floor to the distinguished delegate of Sudan.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. We would like to exercise our right to reply on what was said by NGO Association de l'Entraide Médicale. In this statement, there was a lot of misleading information. The Sudan reaffirms its first interest in protecting citizens and to abide by international law in our military action. The regulations and laws prohibit the recruitment of children. We refuse accusations regarding the recruitment of children by our armed forces. These practices, in fact, are well known by the rebel militia, the terrorist militia that has been recruiting children, as was documented by reports of OHCHR. Also, allegations on targeting civilians are counter to the reality on the ground. The areas under the control of the government are the stable regions with services provided, contrary to the regions under the control of the terrorist militias, especially in Darfur, where violations are widespread. Unfortunately, some NGOs misuse their right to participate in this forum to become the voice of the terrorist militias, and this is in grave violation of the regulations governing the participation of civil society. The allegations are not based on objectivity, which is a base of the work of this council. Sudan will take the necessary measures through the accreditation committee of the UN. And also, statements have shown that we work on facilitating humanitarian assistance, including in the regions of the The government of Sudan does not represent any particular political party, but works as one hand in order to achieve democracy, and we work on protecting our people, and we do not represent any political party.

Thank you.

Thank you very much. Are there other delegations wishing to exercise right of reply? I see none. We'll take a swift break and reconvene in a couple of minutes' time to open agenda item 4, interactive dialogue with the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine. Excellencies, distinguished participants, I call to order and declare open agenda item 4, entitled “Human rights situation that require the Council’s attention.” We shall now begin the interactive dialogue with the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine. I am pleased to welcome I welcome the members of the Commission, Mr. Eric Moos, Chair, Pablo de Grif and Madam Vrinda Grover. The list of speakers will close in 15 minutes. I give the floor to Mr. Eric Moos, Chair of the International Independent Investigation Commission, to introduce the report.

You have the floor.

Distinguished President, Excellencies. Together with my colleagues Pablo de Greiff and Wenda Grovel, I am pleased to brief the Human Rights Council on the most recent report of the Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine. During our fourth mandate, we have, in addition to the mandatory reports, published two conference room papers, one in May 25 about attacks on civilians with short-range drones, and another one this week about deportation and forcible transfer of Ukrainian children. Four years of armed conflict in Ukraine have had a devastating impact on civilians. Over 15,000 civilians have been killed and over 41,000 injured since the Russian Federation full-scale invasion in 2022, according to the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. with an increase of 31% of casualties in 2025. Relentless attacks with explosive weapons in populated areas have led to death, injury, damage, and destruction. Massive attacks targeted the country's energy infrastructure during this particularly cold winter caused unbearable living conditions. The Commission's findings over four mandates provide a disturbing account of violations and crime, the scale, magnitude, and gravity of which have increased over time. In our investigations, we had relied on close to 2,500 interviews and thousands of documents. In November 2025, the Commission travelled to Ukraine, and the investigators went twice during this mandate. Having said this, our Secretariat remains severely affected by the liquidity crisis at the United Nations. As always, we extend our gratitude to those who have shared valuable information with us. We are grateful for the cooperation of the Government of Ukraine. The Commission regrets that the Russian Federation has not responded to any of its 39 written requests, including questions concerning the investigated cases. Distinguished Presidents, Excellencies, in previous reports, we already established that the Russian authorities' unlawful deportation of children from areas they occupied in Ukraine to the Russian Federation and the transfer to other areas they occupied in Ukraine amount to war crimes. Through continuing investigations, the Commission has now verified the deportation and transfer of 1,205 children and is aware of many other cases. Where possible, the Commission has tracked the further movements and whereabouts of the children. Deportations and transfers started shortly before the full-scale invasion from areas in five occupied oblasts of Ukraine and occurred coercively. Four years later, 80% of these children have not returned. Many parents, legal guardians, or relatives are still looking for them. Instead of establishing a mechanism to facilitate the children's return, Russian authorities at various levels have coordinated legal and practical actions to arrange for their long-term placement with families or in institutions in 21 regions of the Russian Federation and in occupied areas of Ukraine. In 2022, the Russian authorities repeatedly declared that they prioritized adoption. The evidence collected shows that these acts have been committed following a carefully organized plan and pursuant to a policy conceived and executed at the highest level of the Russian government and regional authorities, including in occupied territories. The scale and the scope of these crimes have led the Commission to conclude that Russian authorities have deported and forcibly transferred children as a crime against humanity. In most cases investigated, Russian authorities have not informed the parents or legal guardians of the fate and whereabouts of the deported children. Families remained unaware of the fate of the children for prolonged periods of time. This has led to lengthy separation, distress, and suffering. These acts have been widespread and systematic, committed as a matter of policy, and amount to enforced disappearances as a crime against humanity. Our report also describes the conduct of trials by Russian Federation courts in the context of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Civilians and prisoners of war from Ukraine were mainly charged with terrorism, espionage, and violent seizure of power, and convicted to severe sentences, including life imprisonment. Russian authorities have systematically fabricated the evidence presented during trial, often obtained by torture. The courts have also disregarded fair trial guarantees. The verdicts aligned with the case of the prosecution, as the guilt of the accused was assumed from the outset, demonstrating a lack of independence and impartiality of the courts. The Commission has concluded that the Russian authorities have committed grave breaches of international humanitarian law, which constitute war crimes. The Commission has continued to document cases of sexual violence committed by Russian armed forces. In one case, a girl as young as 13 years was the victim of rape. In another, a woman had a child as a result of rape. The Commission further investigated the recruitment of foreign nationals from 17 globally dispersed countries to fight together with the Russian armed forces. Many of them have been deceived and lured from abroad to the Russian Federation with false promises of work. They were coerced to sign contracts they did not understand, and were then sent to the front lines. We also investigated the treatment of troops within the Russian Armed Forces. The Commission interviewed 85 soldiers who had deserted. Most of them testified about extreme violence and coercion being arbitrarily ordered or practiced by the commanders. Soldiers described being treated like cannon fodder or disposable material, sent on so-called meat assaults without preparation, equipment, evacuation plan, and forced to advance at all costs. They reported shooting of soldiers, mock executions, severe beatings, tying soldiers to trees, and detention in pits. Their testimonies demonstrate a total disregard for human life and dignity. Turning to Ukraine, the Commission recalled the prevailing legal uncertainty resulting from the overbroad definition of collaborative activities in criminal legislation. Rulings of the Ukrainian Supreme Court illustrate the risk that activities pertaining to essential services to the population may fall within the scope of that provision. The Commission also documented violations reported during mobilization for the Ukrainian Armed Forces. These include irregular administrative detention, lack of access to a lawyer, unhurried medical examinations. Instances of violence have been recorded against conscientious objectors, regardless of their expressed readiness to carry out alternative civil service. Distinguished President Excellencies, as the armed conflict continues, the Commission has continued to document a wide array of crimes and violations with a severe impact on civilians. Victims have many acute needs which require prompt and comprehensive response. Survivor-centered and child- and gender-sensitive support mechanisms are key to providing much-needed assistance for victims and their families. The Commissioner also reiterates the importance of judicial and non-judicial accountability as a means to fulfill the rights of the victims. Thank you.

Thank you very much, Mr. Mose. According to our practice, we will start by hearing from the delegations of the countries concerned. I've been informed that the delegation of the Russian Federation does not wish to take the floor at this stage. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Ukraine. You have five minutes.

Thank you, Mr. President. Ukraine appreciates the fruitful work of the Independent International Commission on Inquiry. We attach great importance to the findings reflected in the Commission’s comprehensive report and conference room paper, both of which were presented to the Council today. These findings once again indicate a grim reality: Russia continues to commit grave violations of international law as part of its ongoing war of aggression against Ukraine. One of Russia's most shocking crimes documented by the Commission is the deportation and transfer of Ukrainian children. The Commission has verified the deportation or transfer of at least 1,205 Ukrainian children, Yet this figure represents only a small part of the full scale of the crime and reflects only those cases that the Commission has been able to examine. These children were taken to the Russian Federation, placed in institutions or in adoption families across various regions, and given Russian citizenship. The Commission's findings are clear: these deportations are not so-called evacuations. the terms that Russia has used, but organized transfers carried out as a part of a coordinated plan. The Commission concludes that Russian authorities perpetrated these actions under a widespread and systematic policy orchestrated at the highest level of the Russian state, including personally by President Putin. Therefore, Russia's deportation and transfer of Ukrainian children constitute both war crimes and crimes against humanity. The victims of these crimes cannot be seen as collateral damage of the war. Instead, we are dealing with one of Russia's deliberate strategies aimed at destroying future and the very fabric of the Ukrainian society, erasing Ukrainian identity. Russia's authorities have been tasked with assimilating and indoctrinating Ukrainian children. The international community must treat these crimes with full seriousness. Russia must provide full information about the deportees' whereabouts and immediately return every stolen child. Mr. President, the Commission's report also exposes systematic abuse of the Russian justice system as a tool of repression. The Commission examined dozens of trials conducted by Russian courts against Ukrainian civilians and prisoners of war. The conclusion is unequivocal: these are not judicial trials, but staged proceedings. Confessions are extracted through torture. Evidence is fabricated. Verdicts are predetermined. Russia departs Ukrainian civilians to be prosecuted in a foreign jurisdiction. Ukrainian prisoners of war are denied their protected status under international humanitarian law. These practices constitute grave violations of the Geneva Conventions and are war crimes. The Commission has also documented continued sexual and gender-based violence committed by Russian forces. This includes rape and sexual torture against civilians and detainees. These crimes are part of a broader pattern of brutality that Russia uses to terrorize civilians and assert control over the Ukrainian areas it temporarily occupies. Mr. President, while unthinkable in the 21st century, the Russian state has always, throughout its entire existence, relied on the pattern of behavior to subdue the nations It set out to concur, or should I say, integrate. The Commission's finding presented today demonstrate once again that Russia's aggression against Ukraine is accompanied by systematic and widespread violations of international law. These crimes must lead to accountability. To ensure accountability for those who launched the war, Ukraine continues to work with its partners to establish a special tribunal for the crime of aggression against my country. Concurrently, we are advancing international efforts to ensure compensation for the victims, including by way of establishment of an international crimes claims commission. Russia must be brought to comprehensive justice for the crime of aggression, for war crimes, and for crimes against humanity. Accountability is essential not only for Ukraine, but for the credibility of the entire international legal order. Ukraine therefore calls on members of this Council to continue supporting the work of the Commission and to ensure the renewal of its mandate. Justice for the victims must prevail. Multiple lessons drawn not only from history, but also from today's events, show that impunity always encourages future crimes. Everyone present here knows this very well, and I'm sure everyone here would like to see the vicious circle of crime broken. Thank you.

Thank you. We'll now listen to a video message from the representative of the A-status national human rights institution of Ukraine, the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner on Human Rights.

Members of the Commission, I thank you for your principled and critically important work in documenting the crimes of the Russian Federation. For almost 12 years now, Russia has been conducting a deliberate war aimed at the destroying of the Ukrainian people. This is not a series of isolated incidents. It is a systematic, state-driven policy of terror. To date, more than 200,000 crimes of aggression and war crimes have been documented. About 15,000 civilians have been killed, 679 children have lost their lives, and thousands more have been injured. And these are only the confirmed figures. The real numbers are significantly higher. Every day, Russia carries out large-scale coordinated strikes against Ukraine's energy infrastructure. Their purpose is to create humanitarian catastrophe. Millions of people are left without electricity, heating, and water in the middle of winter at -20 degrees. under constant shelling, cold, darkness, and fear are used by Russia as weapons. In just one month, January, Russia launched more than 6,000 drones, nearly 5,500 guided aerial bombs, and 158 missiles at the territory of Ukraine. In February, a Russian drone struck a bus carrying minors. Twelve people were killed on their way home from work. This was not an exception. This is the everyday reality of Russian terror in the temporarily occupied territories: torture, killings, abductions. and the deportation of children have become routine practice. Where the Russian army appears, the rule of law disappears. It is replaced by a repressive occupation regime. Ukrainian soldiers held in Russian captivity are detained in inhuman conditions. More than 95% of them are subjected to systematic and brutal torture, cruelty, that is difficult even to imagine. This is not chaos. It is a deliberate, constructed system. I urge the Commission to continue documenting every crime, every strike, and every killing, providing each one with proper legal assessment, and demanding a resolute international response. The Russian Federation must be accountable for full and inevitable responsibility for all crimes committed.

Thank you very much. I now invite interested delegations to ask questions to the members of the Commission of Inquiry and to make comments on the report. Speaking time is one minute, 30 seconds for all. I give the floor to the delegation of Estonia on behalf of a group of countries. I give the floor to the Minister of Foreign Affairs for Estonia through a video statement.

Mr. President, I have the honour to speak on behalf of the Nordic-Baltic States. The leaders of our states visited Kyiv in 24th February as an act of solidarity and support to Ukraine. 2025 was the deadliest year for civilians in Ukraine since the start of Russia's war of aggression. Russia continues to demonstrate that they are not interested in peace. including by intensifying targeted attacks against Ukraine's energy and other civilian infrastructure. We are deeply alarmed by the Commission's conclusion that the deportation and forcible transfer of Ukrainian children is carried out pursuant to a pre-established state policy coordinated at the highest levels. We remain committed to working relentlessly with all partners to ensure their safe return. Equally concerning are the findings about systematic violations of fair trial guarantees and the fabrication of evidence, including through torture and coercion. We thank the Commission for its vital work in documenting all serious violations by Russian authorities. There must be accountability for violations of international law. We will actively work towards the rapid establishment of a comprehensive compensation mechanism, including the Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression.

I thank Mr. Margus Tsahkma for that statement. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of the European Union.

The European Union thanks the Commission for its report. The EU condemns in the strongest possible terms Russia's continuing violations of international law in Ukraine. The EU calls on Russia to immediately end the grave violations of child deportation and forcible transfer, which, according to the Commission of Inquiry, amount to crimes against humanity and war crimes. We call on Russia to stop the illegal adoption of Ukrainian children and to ensure their immediate and safe return to Ukraine. According to the Commission, Russian authorities have failed to disclose the whereabouts of many children to their parents or legal guardians, actively obstructing their return.

The report states that instead of facilitating.

Repatriation, authorities have sought children's long-term placement with families or institutions in Russia, including through adoption. 80% of the children have not yet returned. We call on Russia to stop the militarization and indoctrination of Ukrainian minors and youth. The EU is committed in ensuring accountability for international crimes and human rights violations stemming from Russia's war of aggression. We remain committed for a comprehensive, just, and lasting peace in Ukraine, grounded in the UN Charter and international law. Now, the key question: Could the Commission elaborate on the use of foreign fighters by Russia, please? Gracias.

Thank you. The list of speakers is now closed. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of Albania on behalf of a group of countries.

Mr. Vice President, I am pleased to deliver this statement on behalf of the Group of Friends of Accountability following the aggression against Ukraine. Throughout the last four years, the Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine has continued to report credible evidence of serious violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law committed by Russian authorities. We remain appalled by continued reports that Ukrainians have endured grave suffering at the hands of Russian forces, including torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment. Russia continues to strike civilian and energy infrastructure, leaving millions without heating, electricity, and water in very harsh winter in Ukraine. We are also alarmed by the recent report of the Commission of Inquiry, concluding that the deportation and forcible transfer of children from five oblasts in Ukraine amount to a crime against humanity. The Group of Friends reiterates its unwavering commitment to support efforts aimed to bringing the perpetrators to justice and preventing further crimes in context of Russia's aggression against Ukraine, including the ICC investigation. In 2025, the legal foundation for the Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression against Ukraine and the International Claims Commission was led. We encourage all states to continue engaging with these efforts. We'll continue to work collectively to uphold accountability and to ensure justice and lasting peace for Ukraine. I thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of the Czech Republic.

Mr. Vice-President, the Czech Republic thanks the Commissioners for their report. Their work once again shows that Russian aggression, international violence and disrespect for international law have no red lines. We strongly condemn the forcible deportation and transfer of Ukrainian civilians notably children from occupied territories. We call on Russia to immediately return all deported Ukrainian children. As indicated in the report, these acts constitute crimes against humanity, amount to war crimes and other violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law. Moreover, Russian authorities have been following a consistent and organized plan and modus operandi and pre-established policy conceived at the highest state level. We remain deeply concerned about the fate of civilians and prisoners of war from Ukraine who are often subject of torture and ill-treatment and who are facing fabricated charges in Russia where courts lack independence and impartiality. We call for immediate release of Ukrainian political prisoners Irina Danilovich, Halyna Dovopola and Irina Horobtsova. Could the Commission elaborate on its cooperation with Russian authorities and possible means of reaching out to them? Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of Slovakia.

Mr. President, Slovakia aligns itself with the EU statement and welcomes the report of the Commission of Inquiry. As a party to the Geneva Conventions and the Rome Statute, we emphasize the fundamental importance of upholding international humanitarian and human rights law. We are particularly concerned by the Commission's findings concerning the civilians in peril and the treatment of detainees. Violations of fair trial guarantees and the legal protection of individuals in custody are worrying. We are also alarmed by the findings concerning the transfer and deportation of children. The lack of transparency regarding their whereabouts and the creation of a coercive environment that prevents their return to Ukraine require continued international attention. Furthermore, we condemn the reported violence during mobilization processes and the recruitment of foreign nationals through deceptive means. We recall the conclusions of the European Council reaffirming our strong commitment to ensuring full accountability for war crimes and the most serious crimes committed in connection with Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine. Distinguished members of the Commission, how can the international community better coordinate to provide immediate support to release civilians, detainees, and prisoners of war returning from captivity? I thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of Germany.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President.

We align ourselves with the statements by the EU and by the Group of Friends of Accountability following the aggression against Ukraine. We thank the Commission of Inquiry for their latest report. Trauma inflicted upon Ukrainian children and their families, and accounts of torture and the systematic use of sexual and gender-based violence by Russia in the occupied territories of Ukraine make for another harrowing read.

We are alarmed by Russia's wild strategy of deporting and forcibly transferring Ukrainians from occupied.

Territory, especially children, indoctrinating them with propaganda, and using them as cannon fodder against their own country. We are also concerned by Russia's practice of recruiting foreign nationals from Asian and African countries, often without their informed consent, to fight in Ukraine and become part of Russia's war machine. We condemn in the strongest possible terms Russia's violations and abuses of human rights and international humanitarian law. Perpetrators must be held accountable. The COI's work is a central step towards accountability. We ask all states to support the renewal of its mandate. Members of the COI, how can the international community better contribute to protecting victims of deportation and forced transfers, especially children?

Thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of North Macedonia.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President.

North Macedonia thanks the Commission of Inquiry for its continued work and for its latest report. The 24th of February marked four years since Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, four years of suffering under foreign aggression. Over this period, the Commission has documented credible evidence of serious violation of IHL and IHRL committed by Russian authorities in the context of the ongoing aggression. These violations have had devastating and long-lasting consequences for civilian, in particular on women, girls, and boys.

We remain deeply concerned by continued.

Reports that Ukrainians have been subjected to a cruel and inhuman treatment and enforced disappearances by Russian forces. Especially alarming are reports that children have been specifically targeted. The Commission's finding that the deportation and forcible transfer of more than 1,200 Ukrainian children are carried out pursuant to a pre-established and coordinated state policy of Russia are especially grave and may amount to crimes against humanity. Even more alarming fact is that 80% of these children are not returned. Furthermore, we note with grave concern the Commission's finding regarding a sexual and gender-based violence by Russian forces, including cases involving girls aged 14 and 15. North Macedonia reiterates its unwavering commitment to ensuring accountability for the most serious crimes under international law and to supporting justice and a comprehensive and lasting peace for Ukraine.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of the Council of Europe.

Honourable Mr. Vice-President, On behalf of the Council of Europe, we welcome the important work of the Independent Commission of Inquiry and express our full support for its mandate to continue. The report presents continuously disturbing findings, including evidence of the unlawful deportation and forcible transfer of Ukrainian children by Russia in the context of this full-scale invasion of Ukraine. In this regard, the European Court of Human Rights has established that Russia violated these children's right to private and family life, as well as their rights to liberty and security. The court also called on Russia to cooperate in identifying transferred children and ensuring their reunification with their families. Regrettably, Russia has failed to cooperate in the execution of this judgment. The Council of Europe has taken further concrete steps to address the plight of Ukrainian children, including through the establishment of a dedicated claims category under the Register of Damage for Ukraine and the appointment of a special envoy for the Secretary of the Secretary General on the situation of children in Ukraine. We are also concerned by the Commission's findings regarding violations of the right to a fair trial for Ukrainian civilians and prisoners of war. Accountability remains essential, including through the swift ratifications of the Convention establishing an International Claims Commission for Ukraine. Finally, supporting the functioning of Ukraine's judiciary under wartime conditions remains a priority for the Council of Europe. I thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of Albania.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Albania thanks the Commission of Inquiry for its report and express the full support for its mandate. The Commission's findings are clear and deeply alarming. It determined that serious violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law have been committed in the context of Russia's aggression against Ukraine, and that some of these constitute war crimes and crimes against humanity. These crimes include, in particular, intentional attacks against civilians, murder, torture, sexual and gender-based violence, enforced disappearances, and arbitrary detention. The Commission also notes that the deportation and forced transfer of Ukrainian children were carried out in accordance with a state policy coordinated at the highest level and may constitute crimes against humanity. Albania strongly condemns these acts and calls for the immediate, safe, and unconditional return of all transferred or deported children. We strongly condemn Russian systematic attacks on populated areas in Ukraine and critical civilian infrastructure. Finally, Albania reiterates its unwavering support for Ukraine and affirms that any prospect and lasting peace must be based on respect for international law, the protection of civilians, and justice. I thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of Bulgaria.

Bulgaria aligns with the EU statement and the statement of the Group of Friends of Accountability. We thank the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine for its update and its dedicated work. Bulgaria fully shares the Commission's conclusions that the Russian Federation has committed a crime against humanity by carrying out the forcible displacement and deportation of children from the illegally occupied territories of Ukraine. As a co-founder and committed member of the International Coalition for the Repatriation to Ukraine of Illegally Deported and Forcibly Displaced Ukrainian Children, Bulgaria stands firmly and unequivocally behind every effort to secure their unconditional and immediate return. We note with profound regret that about 80% of the children documented by the Commission have not yet returned to their families. We call on the Russian authorities to immediately cease the practice of long-term settlement of Ukrainian children within institutions and families in the Russian Federation, and to establish the necessary conditions for their swift and safe return to Ukraine. We reaffirm our strongest commitment to condemnation of all violations and international human rights law and international humanitarian law committed by the Russian Federation in the context of its full-scale war of aggression against Ukraine, reiterating our call for full accountability for the perpetrators. Thank you very much.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of Liechtenstein.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President.

Liechtenstein thanks the Commission of Inquiry for the presentation of its report and for its essential work.

Four years after the Russian Federation's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, more than 15,000 civilian lives have been lost, with 2025

marking the deadliest year to date.

As the war enters its fifth year, the Russian Federation continues to commit a multitude of serious and grave violations of international law.

We are deeply alarmed that children, amongst the most vulnerable victims, are being systematically targeted,

including through their ongoing transfer and deportation, which amount to crimes against humanity and war crimes.

We call for an immediate, safe, and unconditional return of forcibly detained or transferred Ukrainian children.

Furthermore, we remain profoundly concerned about the continued torture and sexual violence inflicted

on the Ukrainian population.

This is unacceptable. Mr. Vice President, Liechtenstein expresses its firm support for the Commission's efforts to contribute to accountability for these violations. We support ongoing efforts by the International Criminal Court and the mechanisms set up by the Council of Europe. We stand with the Ukrainian people and reiterate our unwavering support for Ukraine's sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity.

I thank you, Mr. Vice President.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of the Republic of Moldova.

Mr. Vice President, we thank the Commission for the presentation. The presented report concludes that actions by the Russian authorities amount to war, to crimes against humanity and war crimes, specifically targeting children through unlawful deportation and transfer from Ukraine. We condemn these illegal acts committed in accordance with an established state policy and focused on long-term placement of children in the Russian Federation. Our thoughts are with the affected families for whom these experiences have been highly traumatic. We call an immediate return of all illegally transferred children. The new evidence of sexual and gender-based violence with victims as young as 13 is truly appalling. The Commission further details the IHL violation regarding the illegal deportation of Ukrainians for prosecution in Russia and the unlawful imposition of Russian criminal legislation within occupied territories. It concludes that Russian authorities have systematically violated fair trial guarantees, refused to recognize the status of prisoners of war to combatants from Ukraine, and applied torture and ill-treatment during investigations. These actions may amount to war crimes. These facts and assessments are reinforcing our call for accountability as an essential element of peace efforts. The Republic of Moldova will continue to stand with Ukraine while looking forward with hope to a just and lasting peace. Thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of Montenegro.

President, we welcome the Commission's report and reaffirm our strong support for its work, which remains essential for documenting crimes committed in the context of Russia's aggression against Ukraine. First, the Commission documents forcible transfer and unlawful deportation of Ukrainian children, one of the most disturbing features of this war. Investigations reveal illegal adoption, attempts to erase Ukrainian identity, and pursuit to pledge allegiance to Russia, along with military patriotic indoctrination. As reported, 80% of these children have not yet returned, leaving families in prolonged anguish. These acts, deportation, forcible transfer, and enforced disappearance, follow a pre-established state policy and may amount to war crimes and crimes against humanity. Recovery must be child-centered, trauma-informed, and multidisciplinary. As a member of the

International Coalition for the Return of Ukrainian Children, Montenegro is committed to securing the immediate, safe,

and unconditional return and accountability for those responsible. Second, the Commission documents systematic violation of fair trial guarantees by Russian courts, including fabricating evidence and torture, constituting grave breaches of international humanitarian law. and war crimes. Third, the report highlights sexual and gender-based violence, the disruptive recruitment of foreign nationals, and extreme violence within Russian armed forces. These findings underscore the urgent need for a victim-centered approach and comprehensive accountability. Montenegro remains committed to a just and lasting peace in Ukraine, in line with the UN Charter and international law.

Thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of Romania.

Thank you, Vice President. Romania aligns with the statement delivered by the UN. Thanks to Commission of Inquiry for its report and presentation. We have been witnessing the devastating consequences of Russia's unlawful war of aggression in Ukraine for more than four years now. It continues to inflict widespread suffering on the entire civilian population, with the most severe impact experienced by the most vulnerable, particularly children. It is estimated that approximately 7.5 million children have been directly affected by the war, including at least 20,000 who have been illegally deported to Russia. The Commission's findings offer significant insights into the deportation and transfer of Ukrainian children from occupied territories to Russia or areas under its control. Romania strongly condemns these actions, which the Commission has concluded amount to the crime against humanity of enforced disappearance and the war crime of delayed repatriation of children. We reiterate our full support for independent international investigations and all accountability mechanisms. Those responsible for violations of human rights law and international humanitarian law must be brought to justice, and no one should escape responsibility. Distinguished experts, your report also touches upon the recruitment and deployment of foreign fighters alongside Russian forces. Could you elaborate on the scale of this recruitment?

I thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of Greece.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Greece aligns itself with the EU statement and thanks the Commission of Inquiry for its report. The systematic drone and missile attacks against civilians carried out by the Russian Federation, together with the reported forced transfers and deportations aimed at displacing the Ukrainian people from their homes, further add to the blatant violations of international and humanitarian rights law that Russia is committing. We strongly condemn the targeting of civilians and express grave concern regarding the reported cases of torture, sexual and gender-based violence, along with the violence against humanitarian and medical personnel. We are particularly concerned about the findings of the report on deportation and forcible transfer of Ukrainian children carried out pursuant to a pre-established state policy. Greece calls for an immediate stop to Russia's aggression and supports a prompt ceasefire in order to achieve a comprehensive, just, and lasting peace in full conformity with international law and the UN Charter. We support Ukraine's sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity, and we stand in solidarity with its people. We call on Russia to comply with its obligations under international law and put an end to the hostilities. I thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of the United Kingdom.

We had hoped not to be making another statement about Russian atrocities in Ukraine, yet four years since this commission was created, its work and conclusions are more important than ever. The new conclusions regarding the widespread and systematic deportation of Ukrainian children as a crime against humanity are shameful. This is a crime which demands the attention of the entire world, given the dangerous precedent that it sets. Ukrainian language and culture have been stripped out of schools in the temporarily occupied territories, replaced with so-called patriotic Russian curricula. Children are being recruited into Russian militarised youth movements and groomed to serve Russia's war machine. We are appalled by the Commission’s finding of torture, coerced confessions, and fabricated trials inflicted on Ukrainian civilians and prisoners of war, including unlawful deportations of civilians into Russia for trial. These practices show Russia systematically misusing legal processes to legitimise its aggression and conceal its crimes. The report also makes clear how foreign nationals from 17 countries have been tricked or coerced into fighting, and, like Russian nationals in their armed forces, are subject to various forms of violent, cruel, and inhuman treatment. How can the Council increase monitoring and protection for Ukrainians living in the temporarily occupied territories?

Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of Austria.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President.

We are concerned about the situation of children

deported and transferred from Ukraine, and we call on Russian authorities to facilitate a speedy return of these children. We also remain concerned about the condition of detention of civilians and prisoners of war, ranging from the

the deprivation of fundamental fair trial guarantees, and that Russia systematically used torture, including sexual

violence, against certain categories of detainees.

We condemn in the strongest possible terms Russia's unprovoked war of aggression against Ukraine. Russia's unrelenting attacks with explosive weapons in populated areas have led to

countless civilian deaths and injuries, and seriously damaged critical infrastructure, including hospitals, schools, and energy infrastructure, thereby putting the security and safety of nuclear power plants at tremendous risk.

We call on Russia to stop these dangerous attacks immediately.

We underline the importance of the continued independent and impartial

reporting of the Commission and support all efforts to seek full accountability for these violations and crimes under international law.

We therefore call on all members

of the HRC to support the extension of the mandate of the Commission of Inquiry.

Thank you, Mr. President.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of Portugal.

Mr. Vice President, Portugal aligns with the EU statement and thanks the Commission of Inquiry for the presentation of its report. The Commission's findings are deeply alarming. Russian authorities have systematically deported and transferred thousands of Ukrainian children from occupied areas. Most have not yet returned, leaving families unaware of their whereabouts. These actions reflect a coordinated policy at the highest levels of the Russian Federation. In this context, we urge Russia to end the unlawful transfer of Ukrainian children, ensure their safe return, and cease their indoctrination and militarisation. We reaffirm our commitment to secure the return of every Ukrainian child. The report also highlights serious violations of fair trial guarantees, with evidence frequently obtained through torture or ill-treatment. raising grave concerns about the independence and integrity of these judicial proceedings. We also call on Russia to comply with the Geneva Conventions regarding the treatment of Ukrainian prisoners of war and detained civilians. Portugal firmly supports the mandate of the Commission of Inquiry and reiterates our unavering support of Ukraine's sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity within its internationally recognized borders. Distinguished members of the Commission, in your view, what additional steps are needed to ensure a better articulation between the Commission's findings and other international accountability mechanisms addressing crimes committed in Ukraine? I thank you, Mr. Vice President.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of Georgia.

Vice President, we thank the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine for its latest report, which once again underscores the devastating impacts of the ongoing Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine. In this regard, Georgia reaffirms the significant role of the commission in documenting wide array of crimes and violations, many of which amount to war crimes and crimes against humanity. Indiscriminate attacks against civilians and civilian infrastructure, unlawful detention and kidnapping, torture, sexual and gender-based violence, as well as deportation and transfer of children have a severe and long-lasting consequences for affected populations, particularly for children who remain among the most vulnerable victims. We are deeply concerned of reports of these systematic abuses in the occupied territory. territories and unequivocally condemn the immense human suffering and widespread destruction caused by Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. Finally, Georgia reaffirms its unwavering support for Ukraine, its sovereignty and territorial integrity within its internationally recognized borders, extending to its territorial waters. Thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of France.

Thank you, Vice President. Ladies and gentlemen, members of the International Commission of Inquiry, this year marks the fourth anniversary of the Russian aggression against Ukraine, which has inflicted huge human suffering to the Ukrainian people and undermined the fundamental principles of international law. France thanks the Commission for its outstanding work. In particularly difficult conditions, it documents rigorously violations of human rights and of international humanitarian law committed in the context of the Russian aggression in Ukraine. and crucially contributes to establishing the truth. Fighting impunity for crimes committed in this context remains a top priority for France. The crimes documented have reached unprecedented levels in 2025, the most deadly year for Ukrainian civilians since 2022. This reality reiterates the urgent need to pursue efforts to establish facts, identify perpetrators, and gain justice for the victims. The deportation and forced transfer of Ukrainian children that your report highlights constitute grave violations of IHL. We will continue to support the ICC, which has issued arrest warrants for these acts. France, member of the International Coalition for the Return of Ukrainian Children, reaffirms its commitment to protecting these children, victims of the Russian war of aggression. Thank you. And a question for the panellists. Could you clarify modalities for mobilising foreign soldiers by Russia for fighting in Ukraine, as mentioned in your report? Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of Poland.

Mr Vice-President, Members of the Commission, Poland aligns itself with the statement of the European Union. We thank the Commission for its comprehensive report and express our strong support for your work. Four years after Russia launched its full-scale invasion, Ukraine continues to stand strong, refusing to give in to pressure. Those years have been filled with horrific war crimes and crimes against humanity, many of which you have detailed in your reports. The Russian military killed some 13,000 civilians, including almost 700 children. Names such as Bucha or Mariupol have become symbols of Russia's barbarity, a testament to a method of warfare that spares no civilians and respect no rules. Alarmingly, through the unlawful transfer of children, Russia is seeking to rob Ukraine of its most precious resource, the next generation. We reiterate our call on Russia to return the deported Ukrainian children so they can be reunited with their families and communities. Excellencies, our solidarity with the people of Ukraine is unwavering. Lasting peace will only be achieved through safeguarding justice and protection of human rights for all.

I thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of Croatia.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Croatia aligns with the EU statement and the statement of the Group of Friends, and thanks the Commission

for its latest reports and for its continued important work.

We remain deeply concerned by the Commission's findings documenting serious violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law in the context of Russia's ongoing aggression against Ukraine. Reports of attacks against civilians and civilian infrastructure, torture, arbitrary detention, sexual violence, and enforced disappearances remain deeply alarming. Croatia is particularly concerned by documented cases involving the unlawful transfer and deportation of Ukrainian children from temporarily occupied territories. Such acts have devastating long-term consequences for the affected children, their families, and communities. The Commission’s findings duly point to patterns of conduct that amount to crimes against The Commission's work is essential for documenting violations and preserving evidence, which will be crucial for ensuring accountability and justice for victims and survivors. Croatia reiterates the importance of full respect for international law and continued international efforts aimed at ensuring accountability for all serious violations and abuses.

I thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of the Republic of Korea.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. The Republic of Korea thanks the Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine for its dedicated and sustained efforts to document violations and contribute to accountability. As the war against Ukraine enters its fifth year, the suffering endured by civilians continues to deepen. We are gravely concerned about the relentless and intensified attacks against civilians and critical energy infrastructure, depriving millions of people of electricity, heating, and water. Serious concern persists over reports of enforced disappearances, as well as widespread and systematic torture and ill-treatment, and the denial of fundamental trial guarantees for civilian detainees and prisoners of war. We are also alarmed by the Commission’s findings regarding the deportation and forcible transfer of civilians, in particular children. We reiterate the urgent need for bringing this war to an end without further delay and for full compliance with international humanitarian law and international human rights law. The Republic of Korea stands ready to work with the international community towards achieving a comprehensive, just, and lasting peace in Ukraine. I thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of UN Women.

Thank you, Chair. UN Women thanks the Commission for its report. The Commission’s findings underscore the devastating human rights consequences of Russia’s war against Ukraine, including the deportation and enforced disappearance of Ukrainian children, widespread violations of fair trial guarantees, and continued conflict-related sexual violence committed in occupied areas. The report also highlights the severe and long-lasting trauma experienced by survivors and their families, and the urgent need for survivor-centred responses, including access to justice, medical and psychosocial services, and reintegration support. UN Women remains deeply concerned by the continued use of sexual violence as a method of torture and domination in detention and occupation contexts. In Ukraine, UN Women works with state institutions, civil society, and survivor networks to strengthen responses to conflict-related sexual violence. This includes support to justice processes, capacity building for state institutions and women-led civil society organizations, and promoting the leadership of survivors in shaping response, reparations, and recovery processes. We echo the Commission's call for strengthened international support to survivor-centered and gender-responsive programs, including legal assistance, trauma-informed services, and long-term integration support. Accountability and survivor-centred justice are indispensable to restoring dignity, strengthening trust in institutions, and advancing sustainable recovery in Ukraine. Thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of Belarus.

Thank you, Vice President. The Commission's report yet again confirms that this mechanism like those who are responsible for its operations, have no interest in a swift end to hostilities or the suffering of peaceful civilians. The modest recommendations towards the Ukrainian side to review its policy of criminal persecution of dissenters and their hunting down of people during mobilisation only underlines the biased, one-sided approach of the Commission, which has no wish to assess the bigger picture of large-scale violations. Previous reports contain certain recommendations towards Ukraine. We would like to hear if any progress has been made in their implementation. Ukraine has been recognised by Brussels as meeting criteria for accession to the EU, which positions itself as a protector of democratic values. Yet objective testimony points to a steady degradation of democratic freedoms and guarantees in that country. The approach of the EU and its allies to considering country situations in the Human Rights Council is not just double standards, but conscious encouragement of impunity and the gravest violations of human rights in furthering their own geopolitical ambitions. A genuine commitment to peace could be demonstrated in stopping the flow of weapons to the warring parties and in supporting negotiating processes on ending the armed confrontation. I thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of Luxembourg.

Thank you very much, Vice-President. Luxembourg aligns with the statement by the EU. We want to thank the Commission of Inquiry for its report and its crucial work. The report highlights once again grave violations of IHL and documents war crimes and crimes against humanity. In this context, we are particularly alarmed by the cases reported of deportation and forced transfer of children, of whom 80% have still not been returned. Those crimes are today breaking up entire families, raising the risks of lasting separation and genuine loss of identity. The Commission continues also to document numerous acts of torture, enforced disappearance, as well as acts of sexual and gender-based violence committed by the Russian Armed Forces. We stress the importance of putting an end to impunity and to holding the perpetrators responsible. As the report underlines, the physical and psychological consequences of crimes are often irreversible and already today endangering future generations. How can the international community provide tangible assistance to the survivors and victims of those crimes? Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Canada.

Thank you, Vice President. Canada aligns with the joint statement made by the Group of Friends. Canada expresses its profound concern given the conclusions of the latest report from the Commission and thanks it for its work. We remain profoundly alarmed at the illegal deportation and forced transfer of Ukrainian children from the territories occupied by Russia. Those actions are a violation of international human rights law, IHL, and according to the last report of this commission, constitute crimes against humanity and war crimes. Taking children away from their families and culture causes profound, far-reaching damage. As co-chair of the International Coalition for the Return of Ukrainian Children, Canada stresses the urgent need for coordinated international efforts to ensure the safe, swift, and unconditional return of these children. We call for an immediate cessation of all enforced transfers and the return of people expelled or transferred by force. We insist on unrestricted, immediate access for independent human rights mechanisms and humanitarian mechanisms to verify the well-being of children and to support efforts towards reunification. Commissioner, your mandate, how can it contribute to facilitating immediate, unconditional return of Ukrainian children? Thank you.

Gracias.

Thank you. This was the last speaker that we could That brings us to the end of this session. We will reconvene at 2:30 PM to continue the interactive dialogue with the Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine, to be followed by the interactive dialogue with the group of experts on the situation of human rights in Belarus, and the interactive dialogue with the fact-finding mission on the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Hereby I close the 28th meeting of the 61st session of the Human Rights Council. Thank you.