29th Meeting - 61st Session of Human Rights Council

Excellencies, distinguished participants, I hereby declare open the 29th meeting of the 61st session of the Human Rights Council. We shall now continue the interactive dialogue with the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine. We proceed with the list of speakers. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Italy.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President.

Italy aligns itself with the statements of the EU and the Group of Friends of Accountability. We thank the Commission of Inquiry for its latest report, which highlights alarming concerns, inter alia, on deportation, forcible transfer, and enforced disappearance of Ukrainian children, violation of fair trial guarantees by Russian courts, sexual and gender-based violence. These findings once again underscore the need to ensure accountability for the international crimes stemming from the Russian aggression, to deliver justice to all victims, and to prevent the recurrence of such atrocities. We underline the importance of the Commission’s continued independent and impartial reporting and reiterate our full support for its work. Italy reaffirms its solidarity and unwavering support for Ukraine and the Ukrainian people. Any sustainable peace must be grounded in respect for international law, as well as the independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. Distinguished Commissioners, what are the most urgent steps to ensure the protection of the most vulnerable, such as children, women, and elders, from further attacks? I thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Hungary.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Hungary thanks the Commission for its report and aligns itself with the EU statement. The violations and abuses of human rights law and international humanitarian law perpetrated in the context of the war in Ukraine yet again underscores the urgent need for a peaceful resolution. We would like to recall our national statement under item 2, general debate. In that statement, Hungary expressed concern about human rights violations committed by the Ukrainian authorities during the conscription process, which resulted in the deaths of two members of the Hungarian minority community. In this context, we are alarmed by the Commission's report concerning violations committed during the mobilization process into the Ukrainian Armed Forces. Reports regarding violent treatment during mobilization are a source of concern. Echoing the recommendation of the report, violence must be prevented and ceased during mobilization and deployment. Thank you.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Malta.

Thank you, Mr Vice-President. Malta aligns itself with the statement by the EU and thanks the Commissioner for the report. We are seriously concerned about the Commission's verified information relating to deported children by Russia from Russian-occupied territories in Ukraine, in particular, information that several children were placed indefinitely with families, included in adoption lists, and given Russian passports. We call on Russia to return all affected children to their families and lawful guardians without further delay or administrative hindrance. The Commission's investigations into violations of fair trials show significant evidence of tampering and fabricated evidence that resulted from the use of torture and ill-treatment. These methods constitute a violation of the right to a fair trial, and, compounded with Russia's occupation of Ukraine's eastern regions, amounts to serious violations of international human rights and international humanitarian law. including the Geneva Conventions and their additional protocols. We call upon Russia to uphold its international obligations under the human rights and humanitarian law conventions. The Commission’s report also sheds light on the continued systematic use of sexual and gender-based violence. Such acts are a violation of the Geneva Conventions and constitute a violation of international humanitarian law.

I thank you.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Switzerland.

Mr. Vice President, thank you. Switzerland would like to thank the Commission of Inquiry for its support, and we would like to also support the Commission. We are seriously concerned with the intensification of Russian attacks against civilians and energy infrastructure that have exacerbated the difficulties faced by the population. Any attack against civilians or civilian objects represents a violation of IHL. We reiterate our call to all parties to strictly respect international humanitarian law and human rights. Switzerland is also concerned with the conclusions according to which these repeated acts have forced thousands of people to leave areas affected by hostilities. These displacements are part of a general plan that involves forced transfers and deportations of civilian population from occupied territories, often accompanied by torture and ill-treatment. I would like to recall that these acts are a violation of IHL and international law. Switzerland would like to call upon the Russian Federation to put an end on these repeated attacks aimed at demoralizing and terrorizing civilian population and implement the recommendations made by the Commission. Ladies and gentlemen, members of the Commission, can you please specify what accountability measures can be put into place or that you would recommend to provide support to victims, and how can they be implemented? Thank you.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Eritrea.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Eritrea firmly believes that respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, and political independence as enshrined in the United Nations Charter are sacrosanct principles. These principles must be upheld by all at all times as an essential foundation for the attainment of sustainable world peace. Our position on this matter remains clear. We are opposed to unnecessary internationalization and excessive rhetoric. We have consistently maintained that regions should be afforded the necessary space and solidarity to address their own political challenges through dialogue and cooperation. We reiterate that the current situation should also be understood within its broader geopolitical context. Overlooking such realities will continue to hinder meaningful efforts towards peace and reconciliation. Eritrea remains hopeful for an open window for diplomacy. With regard to the Commission of Inquiry, we recognize that its mandate has been entrusted to you by this Council. At the same time, we believe that reporting should be conducted in a balanced and professional manner, in a way that avoids perceptions of politicization and contributes constructively to dialogue. I thank you, Mr. Vice President.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. The delegation of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea expresses serious concern regarding the Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine. The COI has, since its inception at the 49th session of the Human Rights Council, consistently exhibited a clear political bias. Its reports have selectively focused on a particular country while remaining silent on serious human rights violations committed by the Ukrainian authorities and military, including deliberate targeting of civilians and abuses. committed against the prisoners of war. Such a prejudice undermines the credibility of the United Nations human rights system and risks turning a platform designed for dialogue and cooperation into a tool of political pressure and information warfare. It is inconsistent with the principles of the UN Charter, including respect for sovereignty and non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries. We strongly denounce the practices of the COI as illicit, destructive, and dangerous attempts that erode trust in the international human rights framework. I thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Australia.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Australia thanks the Commission of Inquiry for its report, which comes four years since the Russian Federation launched its unjustified and unprovoked full-scale invasion of Ukraine, a blatant violation of international law, including the United Nations Charter. We strongly condemn Russia's ongoing aggression that continues to inflict devastating impacts on the human rights of all Ukrainians. We are deeply concerned by findings of Russia's systematic use of torture, sexual violence, enforced disappearances, and summary executions of Ukrainian prisoners. Russia is weaponizing winter by attacking Ukraine's critical energy infrastructure and civilian populations, and it continues to violate the human rights of Ukrainian civilians, including through the reported forced transfer and deportation of Ukrainian children. which violates international legal protections and undermines family unity. We will continue to work with international partners, including through the Coalition of the Willing, to secure a just and lasting peace for Ukraine. We call on Russia to withdraw from Ukraine and end this inhumane war. We ask what more can the international community do to ensure human rights are protected and hold Russia to account. I thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Ireland.

Thank you, Vice President. Ireland aligns with the statement of the EU and reiterates its condemnation of Russia's full-scale invasion and war of aggression in Ukraine. We deplore the violations of human rights that have taken place and Russia's continued occupation of Ukrainian territory. Amongst the egregious crimes found by the commission to have been committed by Russia is the crime against humanity of enforced disappearance of children deported or transferred from Ukraine, and the war crime of unjustifiable delay in their repatriation. We call on Russia to take immediate steps to facilitate the return of these children to their families. Ireland deplores the use of violence, including sexual violence, against civilians and prisoners, and we call on Russia to immediately cease using violence in the context of its occupation of Ukrainian territories. Ireland stands in full solidarity with Ukraine and supports Ukrainians' demands for justice and accountability. The Ukrainian people's resilience has been proven time and again as they defend their country's sovereignty and territorial integrity. We call on Russia to cease its aggression and to engage in meaningful negotiations for a just and lasting peace based on the principles of the UN Charter. Commissioners, how can the international community help to ensure accountability for violations of international human rights law in the context of Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine? Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Spain.

Thank you very much, Mr. Vice President. Spain aligns itself with the statement of the European Union and would like to thank the work of the Commission of Inquiry. It has established extremely troubling patterns, systemic use of torture and sexual violence in detention centers. the continued deportation of Ukrainian children, and we're particularly concerned the continued attacks against civilian critical infrastructure, where it's exacerbated the suffering of the population in already dire conditions. Spain reiterates its demand that the Russian Federation immediately cease its aggression and proceed with the release of all civilians unjustly detained. There's an urgent need to ensure the safe return of deported children to their homes and to ensure that all prisoners are treated in accordance with international humanitarian standards. For Spain, there will be no lasting peace without effective accountability. Therefore, we support international justice mechanisms that seek to prosecute those responsible for these crimes and guarantee victims' right to reparation, stressing the importance of a victim-centered approach. We reiterate our firm commitment to the independent sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine. within its internationally recognized borders, Spain will continue to support the Ukrainian people for as long as necessary. Thank you.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

Thank

you, Mr. Vice President. The Kingdom of the Netherlands aligns itself with the statements of the EU and of the Group of Friends of Accountability, and thanks the Commission of Inquiry for their newest report. As weather conditions improve, it's important to recall that in recent weeks, Russia continued its widespread and systematic attacks on energy infrastructures in Ukraine during harsh weather conditions. This has left millions of Ukrainians in the most appalling conditions, disrupting every aspect of civilian life. The Netherlands strongly condemns these attacks, which go against human rights and international humanitarian law. The Netherlands is deeply alarmed by the findings of the Commission of Inquiry. We are especially disturbed by the findings on the deportation and forcible transfer of Ukrainian children. And we are equally disturbed by Russia’s recruitment of nationals from third countries, in particular from Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia, to fight with the Russian forces in Ukraine, with many of them being deceived or lured under false pretences. We urge Russia to immediately cease all its attacks and to hold all perpetrators accountable for these flagrant violations of international law. In 2025, the legal basis was laid for the Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression against Ukraine and the International Claims Commission. We call upon all States to join these accountability mechanisms and urge for the support of the mandate renewal of the Commission of Inquiry. Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Slovenia.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Slovenia aligned itself with the statements of the European Union and the Group of Friends of Accountability. We express our deep concern over the latest findings of the Commission of Inquiry. We strongly condemn the forcible deportation and transfer of Ukrainian children by Russian authorities to Russian territory or to areas they occupied in Ukraine. These acts constitute crime against humanity of enforced disappearance and the war crime of unjustifiable delay in the repatriation. Thousands of Ukrainian children have been deprived of their liberty, subjected to alternation of their identity, indoctrination, and even adoptions, and have suffered from trauma and anxiety. We call upon Russia to ensure the immediate, safe, and unconditional return of all forcibly transferred and deported Ukrainian children. The protection of children in strict compliance with obligations under international humanitarian and human rights law must remain a priority. I would like to ask the Commission to further elaborate on acute needs of returned Ukrainian children and the support their families receive. To conclude, Slovenia reiterates its call for full accountability for international crimes as well as human rights violations and abuses. We reaffirm our support for a just and lasting peace in Ukraine. I thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Thank you very much, Vice President. The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela expresses its concern related to the conflict in Ukraine, which has its direct origin in the abandonment of the Minsk agreements, a situation encouraged by external interference that has resulted in a fortunate number of victims. Regional security has been compromised by NATO's prolonged eastward expansion, coupled with a climate of growing animosity against Russia that has intensified since 2014. These actions have consolidated threats that today are impossible to ignore. It is worrying that the ceasefire and the path to stability are undermined by certain sectors in Europe that choose to prolong the path of war. The increase in military budgets and the rhetoric of direct confrontation against Russia only unnecessarily prolongs the confrontation with unimaginable consequences. Venezuela, faithful to its tradition of peace, makes an urgent call to return to the path of dialogue and genuine diplomacy to preserve life, human rights, and peace in the region. Thank you.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Belgium.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Belgium aligns itself with the EU statement thanks the Commission for its report. The Commission's findings related to systematic deportation, forcible transfers and forced disappearance of Ukrainian children by the Russian Federation are alarming. We call for their immediate, safe and unconditional return. Belgium is deeply concerned about the systematic violations of fair trial guarantees, as well as the wide public coverage trials against Ukrainians receive inside the Russian Federation. Normalizing such violations, we are appalled by the report's findings of sexual and gender-based violence committed by Russian forces, including against children, the apparent impunity of its perpetrators, and shortcomings in the support for victims of widespread and systematic practice of using violence against subordinates in the Russian army ultimately fuels further abuses against civilians. We further call for an immediate stop to the recruitment of foreign nationals, including through deception, often to be assigned extremely dangerous duties. We take note of the Commission's observations regarding legal uncertainty in Ukraine's legislation. We encourage Ukraine to address these concerns in line with international standards. Belgian reiterate its unwavering support for Ukraine’s sovereignty, territorial integrity, and accountability, including through the ICC. Distinguished experts, what steps can the international community take to prevent the deceptive recruitment of foreign nationals into the Russian armed forces? Thank you.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Japan.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. We appreciate the Commission’s briefing on the dire human rights situation in Ukraine. It is regrettable that four years have passed since Russia launched its aggression against Ukraine, which, we reiterate, is a clear violation of international law and shakes the very foundation of the international order. During this period, many innocent civilians have lost their lives, and many more have been injured by Russia’s ruthless and indiscriminate attacks. Japan appreciates the investigation being conducted by the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine. The work of the COI is important in identifying cases of violations or abuses of human rights to hold those responsible accountable. Japan expresses its utmost respect for the courage and perseverance of the people of Ukraine. who have been standing up in defense of the freedom and independence of their country for more than four years. Last month, the General Assembly reiterated its call for a comprehensive, just, and lasting peace in line with international law. In order to achieve this as soon as possible, Japan will continue to support Ukraine in close cooperation with the international community. I thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of China.

Mr. Vice President, China has taken note of the COI's report. At present, the Ukraine issue has entered a critical stage of negotiated settlement. The Council's discussions must adhere to the principles of objectivity and impartiality, and contribute positively to the political resolution of the crisis. Relevant dialogue should ensure the equal participation of all parties to cement the foundations for peace, ensure that the legitimate concerns of all parties are accommodated to strengthen the commitment for peace, and ensure common security to build an architecture for durable peace. As one of the initiators of the Friends for Peace group on the Ukraine crisis, China has been guided by the four shoots proposed by President Xi Jinping with unremitting efforts to create conditions for peace and consensus-building. China stands ready, in accordance with the wishes of the parties concerned and together with the international community, to continue to play a constructive role in a bid to achieve a comprehensive, durable, and binding peace agreement, eliminating the root causes of the conflict and realizing lasting peace and stability in Europe, thereby only contributing to the promotion and protection of human rights. Thank you, Vice President.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Chile.

Thank you very much, Vice President. Chile would like to thank the Commission for the report and praise that it's concerned with the violations of international humanitarian law reflected in the report. Especially alarming is the situation of Ukrainian children that not only suffer from the disproportionate impact of the war, but also their victim of deportations and abductions and forced displacements. Chile, as a member of the International Convention for the Return of Ukrainian Children, expresses its deep concern related to these facts. We also are perturbed by numerous complaints related to sexual violence against women and children, and also its use as a form of torture in detention centers under Russian control. What has been reflected in this and previous reports of the Commission forces us to decide that we need decisive action to ensure the respect of international law. We urge the Russian Federation to implement the recommendations made by the Commission to respect the Geneva Conventions and establish a system to facilitate the return or repatriation of Ukrainian children to their country or to their families. Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Türkiye.

Mr. Vice President, Türkiye has firmly supported Ukraine's territorial integrity, sovereignty, and independence since the occupation, illegitimate referendum, and attempted annexation of Crimea in 2014. From the very outset, we have consistently advocated for a just, comprehensive, and lasting resolution, one that can only be achieved through diplomacy and negotiations. Turkey has consistently underlined the severity of the humanitarian crisis and the urgent need to address its consequences. Our approach to such complex humanitarian challenges is guided by dialogue, diplomacy, and strict adherence to international law. In this regard, Turkey facilitated the conflicting sides during the Istanbul negotiations, which resulted in advances on the humanitarian issues such as prisoner exchanges and the safe return of children. Meaningful progress on these issues ultimately requires direct engagement and dialogue between the parties. Our ombudsman is in direct contact with his Russian and Ukrainian counterparts on humanitarian matters. All parties should abide by and uphold international humanitarian law. Turkey stands ready to continue facilitating contacts and dialogue between the sides whenever possible. Turkey will continue its efforts to support a just, comprehensive, and lasting peace in Ukraine, grounded in the fundamental principles of international law and UN Charter, and Ukraine's territorial integrity, sovereignty, and independence. Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Dominican Republic.

Thank you very much, Mr. Vice President. The Dominican Republic would like to thank the Commission for presenting the report, and we express our deep concern related to the impact of the conflict in Ukraine, especially in connection with the suffering of the civilian population. No conflict justifies the human cost of the loss of innocent lives, forced displacement, and destruction of livelihoods. These facts undermine the basic principles of dignity and humanity that the international community is committed to preserving. Our country reiterates the urgent call to all parties to fully respect international human rights law and international humanitarian law. As well as to guarantee the protection of the most vulnerable people at all times, especially children, the Dominican Republic reaffirms its conviction that dialogue and negotiations are the only legitimate ways to achieve a just and lasting peace, and stresses its support for multilateral efforts aimed at ending this crisis in the interests of international stability and security.

Thank you.

This was the last speaker on the list. We shall now turn to the list of speakers for national human rights institutions and non-governmental organizations. So I give the floor to Dignity, a representative of Dignity, Danish Institute Against Torture, intervention by video.

Mr. President, Distinguished Delegates, Dignity calls attention to the deportation of approximately 1,700 Ukrainian prisoners from occupied territory of Ukraine to prisons in the Russian Federation that took place in November 2022. Today, around 300 Ukrainian prisoners remain imprisoned in the Russian Federation, including individuals serving life sentences. Witness testimonies and open sources reveal a consistent pattern of inhuman and degrading treatment. Many describe beatings, electroshocks, prolonged standing, threats of sexual violence, denial of medical assistance, and inhuman conditions of transfer while under control of the Russian military personnel and affiliated groups. Many also report pressure to accept Russian citizenship, with refusal resulting in beating and other ill-treatment. Such deportation from occupied territory to the territory of the occupying power violates the Fourth Geneva Convention and constitutes war crimes. It may also constitute crimes against humanity when carried out as part of a widespread or systematic attack. Dignity calls for the immediate protection of these prisoners, their safe return to Ukraine, and full access to justice and remedies. Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the representative of Human Rights Research League.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. A few years ago, it was almost inconceivable that a country the heart of Europe, would have to defend itself in a war of attrition in the 21st century. And yet, here we are, with the Russian Federation’s brutal full-scale war of aggression against Ukraine entering its fifth year. From the beginning of the war, the Russian Federation has committed grave violations of the most fundamental laws governing war and human rights, and Russia’s war on civilians in Ukraine, including terror bombings, the literal hunting of civilians with FPV drones, and destruction of energy and health infrastructure has constantly been expanded. Civilians have been detained in occupied territory, forcibly deported to Russia, subjected to mock trials and torture, held incommunicado, or simply disappeared, as has also been thoroughly documented by this Commission. Human Rights Research League remains particularly concerned by the fate of the many thousand Ukrainian children have been subjected to enforced disappearances by Russia, leaving them outside any protection and their families fearing for their loved ones, often for years. These atrocities must not remain unchallenged. We ask the international community to support and expand independent investigations by UN bodies, the ICC, and other mechanisms to ensure accountability and protect civilians. I thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the representative of Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.

Thank you. This is a joint statement supported by a consortium of Ukrainian and Swiss organizations and universities. Russia's invasion of Ukraine continues to have devastating consequences for women and girls. In times of conflict, care economies, including the unpaid and undervalued labor that sustains families and communities, often become the last thread holding societies together. As violence increases, needs and resources shift from social services to military spending. the burden of care intensifies.

In Ukraine, public sector care workers, the majority of whom are women, continue to support millions of.

People affected by the war, including around 3.8 million IDPs, as well as elderly people, persons with disabilities, and children whose mental well-being has been deeply affected. Neighborhood and family networks have also played a critical role in helping communities survive displacement, violence, and occupation. Yet, prolonged insecurity is weakening these social ties, leaving many increasingly isolated. For Ukraine's recovery to be sustainable and rights-based, it must invest in the social infrastructure that sustains communities. This means supporting care workers, strengthening community networks, and ensuring reconstruction is gender transformative. Investing in care systems and social cohesion will be essential for protecting human rights and enabling long-term peace. Thank you.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the representative of International Bar Association, intervention by video.

The International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute and Ukrainian Bar Association commend the continued work of the Commission of Inquiry. The full-scale invasion just entered its fourth year. It's marked by documented widespread violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, many amounting to war crimes and crimes against humanity. discriminate attacks, including through the use of missiles, drones, and other explosive weapons in populated areas, continue to cause civilian casualties and extensive destruction of civilian objects and critical infrastructure. We continue to condemn the documented patterns of arbitrary detention, enforced disappearances, torture, and other form of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment against civilians and prisoners in Russian-occupied territories. Thousands of Ukrainian civilians remain unlawfully detained, many held in Komydano and subject to severe abuses. We reiterate our grave concern over the forcible transfer and deportation of Ukrainian children by Russian authorities, ensuring their reunification with their families and communities with full respect for their best interests must remain a priority for the international community. We urge this Council to continue supporting international accountability efforts, including the work of the COI, the ICC, universal jurisdiction, and the current establishment of the Special Tribunal of the crime of aggression against Ukraine. Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the representative of Every Casualty Worldwide, intervention by video.

Casualty records show that the war in Ukraine is becoming increasingly deadly for civilians. The civilian death rate has increased each year since 2023, and in 2025, fatality records revealed a change in Russian military tactics which appeared intended to increase civilian harm across the country. This included the use of indiscriminate weapons, deliberate targeting of civilians in frontline towns with drones, and deliberate destruction of vital civilian infrastructure, particularly power stations, creating a widespread humanitarian crisis. The winter of 2025-26 has been unusually cold, with temperatures below -20°C for weeks at a time. In these harsh conditions, Russia's deliberate destruction of the electricity and heating supply systems created blackouts and hundreds of thousands of freezing homes across Ukraine, with children, the elderly, and the sick suffering the most. Civilians have literally frozen to death in their homes as a result of the weaponization of weather, known in Ukrainian as "khlodomor," death by cold. In the words of our colleague in Kyiv, this is pure terror and not a metaphor. We urge the Council to condemn these deaths as deliberate, unlawful killings of civilians in armed conflict, in violation of international law. Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the representative of Physicians for Human Rights.

Mr. Vice President, distinguished commissioners, four years into Russia's full-scale invasion, attacks on health in Ukraine are escalating. Physicians for Human Rights and partners have documented over 2,500 attacks on health since February 2022. Despite promises of ceasefire and peace negotiations, in 2025, documented incidents increased by nearly 50% compared to the previous year. Our documentation also shows how renewed attacks on energy infrastructure are driving health harms and weaponizing winter, health workers we surveyed reported recurring power disruptions affecting their facilities. Hospitals' functionality is disrupted. Planned procedures are delayed. Life support, emergency response, medical supplies become vulnerable, and continuity of care is compromised. A lot of harm occurs in private homes. We documented how disruptions to medical devices, treatment routines, basic services, often combined with water and heating outages, have led to heightened risks for people with chronic illness, disabilities, and older adults. In this context, documenting and establishing direct and reverberating impacts of attacks on health is essential for accountability and deterrence. The Commission of Inquiry is indispensable to this work. We urge the Council to renew, sufficiently fund, and expand its mandate so these patterns are investigated with rigor and the evidence is preserved for future prosecutions. Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the representative of Human Rights House Foundation.

Thank you, Vice President. The Commission's findings have been essential in establishing an authoritative record and in helping lay the groundwork for future accountability, and we urge the Council to renew its mandate this session. Our Ukrainian civil society partners, including Crimean human rights groups Zemina and Crimea SOS, continue to document how Russian authorities in occupied territory use unlawful detention, enforced disappearance, torture, and fabricated criminal prosecutions against civilians, often under accusations such as terrorism, espionage, or sabotage. These violations are part of a broader system of repression in which the occupying power uses its own laws, courts, and institutions to create a false appearance of legality. Our partners at Center for Civic Education Almada and the Regional Center for Human Rights also continue to document the destruction of Ukrainian identity in occupied territory, including the indoctrination and militarization of children. We note the Commission's conclusion that the deportation and forcible transfer of Ukrainian children and the enforced disappearance of many of them amount to war crimes and crimes against humanity. These violations require sustained scrutiny and future accountability. Vice President, we ask the Commission how can its findings, together with the documentation of Ukrainian civil society, best advance various forms of accountability, including in relation to crimes against humanity committed in occupied territory. I thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the representative of Legal Action Worldwide.

Thank you. Mr. Vice President, Commissioner, Excellencies, thousands of Ukrainian civilians are languishing in Russian detention facilities, snatched from their homes and often subject to torture. The Commission of Inquiry and other bodies have brought to light Ukrainian detention conditions on many occasions. But let us say it one more time: these people are hostages, held without access to fair trial and used as bargaining chips. Ukrainian civilian detainees must be released unconditionally, not exchanged. Yet when Ukrainian international organizations submit complaints or requests on their behalf, Russia remains silent. Russia systematically fails to engage with the mechanism established by states and this very Council. What is the use of these mechanisms if they are a one-way street? We urge all states to reaffirm that good faith engagement with these mechanisms is a crucial aspect of treaty compliance. Without accountability, human rights become an empty promise. The Commission of Inquiry reports are an essential step to establish the truth, but they must be supported. Mr. Commissioner, what steps can the Commission take to ensure the Russian Federation engagement and compliance with the Treaty Body and other mechanisms? Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the representative of Article 19, intervention by video.

Article 19 thanks the Commission of Inquiry for their report and their vital efforts in ensuring accountability for Russia’s ongoing war of aggression against Ukraine. As we pass the four-year anniversary of the full-scale invasion, Article 19 takes the opportunity to honour the journalists, human rights defenders, and civilians whose lives have been taken. In Ukraine, journalists and human rights defenders continue to risk their lives to report on the realities of the full-scale invasion. In 2025, Russian crimes against media professionals included attempted assassinations, shelling and drone strikes, injuries, threats, and intimidation. The National Union of Journalists of Ukraine reports that at least 143 media workers have been killed since the start of the full-scale invasion, while dozens remain in captivity. Russia has also intensified its digital repression against the media. In 2025, Ukrainian media outlets faced large-scale cyberattacks, hacking, and temporary takeovers of their websites, alongside impersonation designed to undermine their credibility. These tactics are aimed not only at silencing independent reporting, but also at eroding public trust in credible sources of information. Russia’s assault on the right to freedom of expression and media freedom is not in isolation, but is precisely aimed to enable its ongoing aggression. We affirm our steadfast support for Ukraine in its fight for sovereignty, independence, and fundamental freedoms in the face of continued aggression. We express our full support for the Commission of Inquiry to continue their work in ensuring Russia is held accountable for the grave and harrowing crimes it continues to commit. Any credible path to sustainable peace must include redress for victims and reparations. Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the representative of Human Rights Watch intervention by video.

Human Rights Watch welcomes the continued work of the International Commission of Inquiry and its vital role in documenting grave violations committed during Russia's war in Ukraine. Russian authorities continue to commit crimes against humanity, war crimes, and other violations of international humanitarian law, causing immense suffering among Ukrainian civilians. Human Rights Watch recently documented how Russian authorities systematically torture Ukrainian prisoners of war in an effort to break their dignity and sense of self. They're also holding thousands of unlawfully detained Ukrainian civilians, including journalists and activists, and subject many to torture and ill-treatment. Russian authorities continue to commit severe, often underreported violations in occupied areas of Ukraine. They ban children from studying the Ukrainian curriculum, suppress Ukrainian culture, seize property, coerce residents into accepting Russian passports, and retaliate against critics. As pressure is mounting for peace negotiations to end Russia’s war in Ukraine, Ukraine’s allies should redouble their efforts to secure the release and repatriation of Ukrainian civilians, including children, and the timely return of prisoners of war. They should rule out amnesty for atrocity crimes and commit to credible justice. Finally, accountability efforts should encompass the full range of abuses taking place in Russia-occupied areas of Ukraine every day.

Thank you.

This was the last speaker on the list. I now give the floor to Mr. Erik Maas for his concluding remarks.

The three Commissioners will now answer the questions by the Human Rights Council. Let me simply start by thanking the Council for its comments, reflections and questions. It's always a pleasure for the Committee to participate in the interactive dialogue. We are taking everything into account, and let me say that also our Secretariat in Vienna is following this closely. Now to some of the questions, and I will come back later. Thank you.

Thank you very much. I reiterate our gratitude for the comments that have been made in support of the Commission. Let me address questions concerning what can be done to satisfy accountability rights of victims by recalling that the Commission, since its inception, has advocated for a broad notion of accountability that includes criminal justice. And in that sense, it views with optimism some of the initiatives that have been taken to achieve that, both internationally and eventually using documentation that we collect in national tribunals. But the question is a bit more immediate about what can be done now at present. And there are many things that can be done, because, as has been pointed out both in our reports and by some of the members of the Council, The needs of victims are multiple, and some of them do not, cannot wait to be addressed. In particular, if the needs of children that return and their families need to be addressed, for example, through more coordinated and well-endowed psychosocial support, a topic that we have addressed in the past several times. Victims also have a right to truth, and that would involve, for example, establishing effective mechanisms for the search of missing persons. Of course, the collaboration of the Russian Federation would make a great difference in establishing the fate and whereabouts of people, including children, that have gone missing and disappeared. And as we well know, because of the history of interstate war reparations is a long one, and it's not a new topic. Eventually, a full-fledged reparations program should be established, and its cost borne by the aggressor state. But again, in the meantime, there is a great deal of assistance. that is needed, that the international community can support both through technical advice and through financing. And finally, I want to recall in this context that if the Human Rights Council thinks that accountability is important and that commissions of inquiry play an important role In achieving that goal, supporting and endowing commissions of inquiry with the resources that they need is a way of contributing to the aim of accountability.

First, to continue on the accountability aspect, it was noted that many of you had mentioned about how particularly the vulnerable, whether it is women, children, women and children and others who have been subjected to sexual and gender-based violence, what kind of support can they be provided? Again, as was mentioned, both for judicial and non-judicial mechanisms. For women and girls in particular, or other victims of sexual violence, medical, psychosocial support, All manner of support which would help in reintegration in society is both urgent and would require considerable resources and expertise to be invested. Another issue that was remarked upon and questions raised was with regard to foreign fighters. As we have mentioned in our report, presently, our investigations have found that they have come from 17 countries. These are from across different continents. Our investigations in this regard are ongoing. A question was also raised that what can be done? Now, these are, of course, a large number of them are being brought under false pretext, under deception, and then are taken upon arrival and compelled to sign documents which they cannot comprehend as they are in Russian and sent to the front lines. However, those who are sending them, the networks that are providing for this recruitment are often based outside the Russian Federation. And here, perhaps, regional, bilateral, national communications and decisions to stop these networks would prevent this kind of deception and people being put into it.

Let me just finalize with one minute. By saying that when it comes to in particular judicial accountability, which was raised by three, four delegation, let me stress that the facts and the legal conclusions of the conclusions of the commissions are there for the international and national accountability mechanisms. They are free to address the Commission, and we are open for any kind of dialogue in order to assist them in the most efficient way. More could be said about this, but I thank you again. Thank you.

Thank you so much.

This brings us to the end of this interactive dialogue. We will now take a short break before holding interactive dialogue with the independent group of experts. on the human rights situation in Belarus. We will now begin an interactive dialogue with the Independent Group of Experts on the human rights situation in Belarus. I am pleased to welcome the members of the experts group, Mrs. Karina Muskalenko, Mrs. Suzanne Brazile, and Mrs. Monika Stanislawa Piatek. The list of speakers will close in 15 minutes. I now give the floor to Mrs. Karina Moskalenko, Chair of the Group of Experts, to present the report.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Distinguished delegates. I have the honor today to present, together with Dr. Susan Bazile and Professor Monika Platyk, the second report of the Group of Independent Experts on the human rights situation in Belarus, as requested by this Council in its resolution 58/19. Since January 2025, we have continued our work, despite operating at approximately 50% of capacity due to the United Nations liquidity crisis. During this period, the group conducted five investigative missions, carried out 181 interviews with victims and witnesses, including 82 in person, and collected approximately 2,000 pieces of information. We also reviewed 35 written submissions from individuals, civil society organizations, academics, and we thank them for their contribution. This report draws on the substantial body of work. In line with our mandate, we continue to cooperate with other mechanisms. We held consultations on accountability with several interlocutors, including the Special Rapporteur on Belarus, the International Labour Organization, the International Accountability Platform for Belarus, civil society organizations monitoring human rights situation in Belarus. In parallel, the group worked on establishing which state structures had enabled the human rights violations documented since May 2020. Together with the report before this Human Rights Council, we published consolidated organigrams on all Belarusian units and entities involved in the commission of gross human rights violations, including arbitrary detention, torture, and political prosecution. The report documents a systematic campaign of repression by Belarusian authorities against real or perceived opponents and the profound harm inflicted on victims and their families. Since 1 May 2020, state authorities, through their security apparatus, have systematically suppressed the fundamental rights of the Belarusian people. Individuals have been arbitrarily arrested and detained for exercising their rights to freedom of opinion and expression, peaceful assembly, and association. Courts have imposed lengthy prison sentences. in trials marked by serious and systematic violations of fair trial guarantees. Prisoners have been subjected to inhuman detention conditions, including extreme cold and sleep deprivation, ill-treatment, and torture. Political prisoners were routinely placed in punitive isolation on fabricated disciplinary grounds. Many described being punched, kicked, beaten with batons and other objects, and subjected to electroshock devices on multiple parts of their bodies. We've verified several cases of uncommunicated detention, some lasting more than two years. During that time, prisoners were denied visits and phone calls with relatives and lawyers. prevented from sending or receiving letters and parcels, and were held in complete isolation. Women detained on politically motivated charges were denied adequate access to gender-specific health care. Detention conditions harmed their health. Some reported sexually explicit and degrading remarks by male guards, including comments about their motherhood. The rights of LGBTQI persons were violated, and many were subjected to particularly harsh and humiliating detention conditions. Witnesses described derogatory comments by penitentiary guards and members of the Committee for State Security. Arrests and detentions have devastated not only the victims, but also their children. Many children were separated from their parents for years. They experienced trauma and strained family relationships. One witness told the group, "Both as a child and as a parent, you can never replace that lost time." She described the difficulties of reconnecting with children who were abandoned. We are deeply concerned about the deaths in detention of at least eight individuals. Some of these deaths may have been preventable and appear linked to inhuman detention conditions and inadequate medical care. Dear Vice President, we note that in 2011, In 2025, nearly 200 prisoners, most detained on political grounds, were released following negotiations with the United States. However, the manner of release raises serious concerns. It involved forced expulsion, arbitrary deportation, and deprivation of identity documents in some cases. This practice violates international human rights standards. More than 1,000 people reportedly remain unlawfully or arbitrarily detained in Belarus. We urge the authorities to immediately and unconditionally release all political prisoners. Belarusians are not safe even in exile. The group documented a campaign of transnational repression. Authorities initiated criminal proceedings, conducted trials in absentia, froze assets, and confiscated property of individuals who participated in peaceful demonstrations abroad, gave interviews to media labeled extremists, or posted photos with opposition leaders. We also verified cases. in which security forces harassed and intimidated family members of exiled Belarusians. Mr. Vice President, the Group confirms its previous finding of a complete lack of accountability. No meaningful investigations or disciplinary proceedings have taken place. Instead, officials allegedly implicated in serious violations were promoted or received state awards. Despite repeated requests, the Government of Belarus continues to refuse engagement with the Group, as requested by this Council. We remain ready to engage in constructive dialogue in the interests of victims. I'll shift in Russian.

Distinguished present, distinguished delegates, we unswervingly seek to give a chance, to give a voice to those whose rights have been restricted and who continue to find themselves in inhumane conditions. We will continue to investigate, collect, analyse and preserve testimonies and evidence for future accountability processes. At this stage, we have collected more than 400 witness testimonies and around 4,500 information materials, including video recordings, photos, digital materials, official statements, medical and judicial medical and judicial documents. We will also continue to cooperate with national and international accountability mechanisms. Only now it's become clear that the prosecutor of the ICC has initiated, we've just found out, investigation against Belarus. Distinguished members of the Council, We call on you to continue devoting undivided attention to the human rights situation in Belarus and to the victims whose rights must be protected. We thank you.

Thank you.

According to our practice, we shall start by hearing the delegation of the country concerned. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Belarus. You have five minutes.

Thank you, Mr. President. The longer the group works, the stronger our conviction that there is no alternative to our decision not to recognize country mandates that are created by the Western group of countries and to refuse to cooperate with them. There's nothing reasonable and constructive in one-sided activities aimed at denigrating a sovereign state and interfering in its internal affairs. The view that the reports fabricated by the group can represent any value in legal processes is manipulation and mockery of international law. The group is diligently pushing the Human Rights Council to legitimize quasi-judicial mechanisms that apply methodologies and standards in the spirit of reasonable grounds to believe the position of the state is ignored or deliberately distorted. The group is not the UN. It is an irresponsible structure created by a group of countries and promoting their agenda. The UN is an inter-state organization based on the principles of sovereignty, non-interference in internal affairs. Did anyone here agree to other conditions? Belarus did not. The people of Belarus live in a country with a strong and responsible state system which ensures order, security, the rule of law, and respect for the law by all on equal terms. Our state institutions are formed in accordance with democratic principles. Conditions have been created in the country, and they are being constantly improved for the population to exercise the entire range of human rights. The priority is the right to life, economic and social rights. A diverse civil society, multi-million trade unions, and media representing different points of view are active in Belarus. The common denominator of Belarusian civil society is a commitment to the peaceful development of the country, patriotism, preservation of the sovereignty and independence of the country, constructive interaction with the state. And this is exactly what does not suit the Western sponsors of the Group of Experts. Therefore, reports are published for the Human Rights Council, which serve as a tool of propaganda and promotion of the approaches of the countries that initiated mandates and resolutions on Belarus. What is disguised as supposedly good goals for the protection of human rights is simply a useful lie aimed at discrediting the political organization of Belarusian society, authorities, courts, and law enforcement agencies. This is a desire to discredit the laws of a sovereign state and replace its international obligations. in Belarus, of Belarus with some alternative. These reports and the activities of the mandates on Belarus are attempts to place on the Belarusian state the burden of proof or refutation of content that has nothing to do with the truth, but only with reasonable grounds to believe. Among other things, we see in the group's reports a desire to justify the broken fates of those who are simply framed by the sponsors and organizers of the events of 2020. They took people to protests, some for money, some for free, under mantras about change and the right side of history, provoked violations of the public order, clashed with the police, and carried out other anti-state actions while keeping silent about the inevitable responsibility for violations of the law. For them, it was business and a game, as now that is the topic of releasing prisoners. Mr. President, we understand that the forces that tried to organize the failed attempt at a color revolution in 2020 in Belarus retain their aspirations to change the state of affairs. That is why they impose sanctions, create, finance, and patronize controlled puppet structures that promote an anti-Belarusian agenda and negotiate with them about the fate of Belarus. Mr. President, We're not saying that everything is perfect in our country. We're ready for objective criticism and interaction with all those interested in a normal evolutionary development, normal dialogue. Cooperation on human rights should not serve to intimidate or exert pressure. if indeed we're really promoting human rights here and not somebody's geopolitical interests. However, the Belarusian issue on the agenda of the Human Rights Council is not about the fate of people in my country, it's not about human rights, it's about the struggle for power, for access to resources, for control over the territory that is important in geopolitical terms, especially in the event of a possible crisis development of the military-political confrontation in Europe. The sponsors and organizers and those who are pouring additional hundreds of millions of euros to the Belarusian questions do not ask the question, who will win in the attempt for regime change? Well, I have the answer. People will win. Those who are ready to defend the peaceful skies, a safe society, a sovereign path of development, and build an independent foreign and domestic policy. and Belarusians believe and support. Thank you.

I thank the Permanent Representative of Belarus. The list of speakers is now closed. I now invite interested delegations to ask questions to the members of the expert group and to make comments on their report. The speaking time is one minute and 30 seconds for all. I would like to recall that the duration of interactive dialogues is one hour and 30 minutes. However, if time permits, additional delegations will be able to speak. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Norway on behalf of a group of countries.

President, I have the honour to speak on behalf of the Nordic-Baltic States. We thank the Group of Independent Experts for their report and reaffirm our full support for your mandate. Your findings confirm that the Belarusian authorities have continued to systematically violate human rights. More than 1,100 political prisoners remain behind bars. Arbitrary arrests, inhuman detention, ill-treatment, and torture are systematically used to silence real or perceived dissent. We are particularly alarmed by the newly verified patterns outlined in your report. re-arrests, forced exile, forced pardons, transnational repression, interference with the rights of the child, as well as violations of human rights for women in detention. These practices demonstrate a policy of repression sustained by a culture of impunity where perpetrators are not held to account. We strongly condemn these grave violations and call for the immediate and unconditional release of all political prisoners. We also call for their effective rehabilitation without forced expulsions or new arbitrary arrests. Moreover, we strongly condemn Belarus' involvement in Russia's war against Ukraine and its use of migrants for political purposes in complicity with Russia. And here comes my question: What further measures should the international community take to ensure accountability, and which are most urgent? I thank you.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the European Union.

Vice President, the EU thanks the independent experts. The EU continues to strongly condemn the gross, systematic, and widespread human rights violations and expresses deep concern about closed civic space. The European Union calls for accountability for all torture, sexual and gender-based violence cases and appalling detention conditions that may have led to deaths. The EU stresses the obligation to uphold the rights of political prisoners. We note the recent release of some prisoners. and continue to urge Belarus to immediately and unconditionally release all political prisoners, ensuring the resolution of judicial processes and ending all forms of harassment that may result in their forced departure, deportation, and deprivation of consular services. We express concern about the new arrests and rearrests of political prisoners and urge Belarus to refrain from further taking arbitrary arrests. We urge the authorities to abolish the death penalty and halt internal and transnational repression. We demand the authorities stop their involvement in Russia's war of aggression and halt their instrumentalization of migrants. We reiterate our call to immediately ensure a safe return to unlawfully deported Ukrainian children. And now the question. Your report documented a pattern of transnational repression. Could you elaborate on good practices addressing arbitrary confiscation of identity documents of Belarusian citizens forcibly expelled to a third country? Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, on behalf of a group of countries.

Thank you very much, Mr. Vice President. Venezuela is making this statement on behalf of the Group of Friends in the Defense of the Charter of the United Nations. We reiterate our categorical rejection of double standards and politicization of human rights, given that such an approach impedes genuine dialogue and cooperation. We express our serious concern that the continued proliferation of mechanisms and procedures that do not receive consent from the country concerned and are focused on biased assessment of human rights in targeted states, including Belarus. This undermines the principles of the UN Charter based on respect of sovereignty and domestic jurisdiction of states. Such mechanisms knowingly ignore the country's achievements in the field of human rights, deliberately present the situation in a distorted light, misinterpreting information and referring to prejudiced and unverified sources, the Group of Friends reaffirms its strong condemnation of the imposition of unilateral coercive measures that affect the right to development and the full enjoyment of human rights by the people of Belarus. We reiterate our call for a constructive and non-politicized approach to all human rights issues based on genuine cooperation, non-interference in internal affairs, and respect for national sovereignty. Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Belgium on behalf of a group of countries.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. I have the honor to speak on behalf of the Benelux countries. We align ourselves with the EU statement. We thank the group of independent experts for their report. Once again, they have documented the systematic practice of arbitrary arrest and detention followed by convictions based on politically motivated charges. Torture and other cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment or punishment, violations of the right to freedom of assembly, and the repression of LGBTQI+ community remain widespread. We are gravely alarmed by the new patterns of violations you have documented, including the forced exile of detainees, coercion to request pardons, and the deeply troubling expansion of transnational repression targeting Belarusians abroad. We condemn the documented interference with family life, as well as the degrading and gender-based abuses faced by women in detention. These violations underscore a persistent assault on human rights. Therefore, the Benelux countries call on Belarus to immediately end these practices, release all those detained on political grounds, and cooperate fully with UN mechanisms. Distinguished experts, what additional measures should states prioritize to counter transactional repression and protect affected families? I thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Cyprus.

Mr. Vice President, Cyprus aligns itself with the EU statement and thanks the independent experts for its support. The report provides further evidence of widespread and systematic violations committed since 2020, some of which may amount to crimes against humanity. We condemn the ongoing repression against civil society and political opponents, as well as the persistent violations on the rights to freedom of opinion and expression, peaceful assembly, association, and a fair trial. We are alarmed by the documented patterns of arbitrary detention, torture, and ill-treatment of individuals detained for their actual or perceived political views, as well as by reports of intimidation and harassment targeting Belarusians living abroad. These practices must cease immediately. We call on Belarus to release all persons arbitrarily detained and to bring its legislation and practices into full compliance with its international obligations. Independent experts, what measures could states take to better protect members of the Belarusian diaspora from intimidation, harassment, and politically motivated actions? Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Poland.

Mr Vice-President, Members of the Group of Independent Experts, Poland aligns itself with the statement of the European Union.

The human rights situation in Belarus remains dire. While some political prisoners have been released, the majority remain imprisoned. Most of those released are forced to leave the country, and those allowed to stay remain under surveillance. This means their punishment continues even after release. Belarus remains among the countries with the highest per capita number of political prisoners, many of whom are held in appalling conditions. We reiterate our call for the immediate and unconditional release of all political prisoners, including representatives of the Polish minority, such as Mr Andrzej Poczobut, laureate of the European Parliament Sakharov Prize. Poland strongly condemns the regime's campaign of transnational repression. Through threats, property confiscation, or politically motivated prosecutions, the authorities seek to silence dissent even beyond Belarus' border. Denying dissidents access to consular services abroad is yet another form of repression. We stand in solidarity with the people of Belarus and will continue to support their aspiration for a democratic country. Finally, let me express our appreciation for the Group and its important work, and reaffirm our strong support for the extension of your mandate.

I thank you.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Czechia.

Mr. Vice President, we thank experts for their thorough and informative report. We welcome recent releases of political prisoners. However, Many amounted to forced expulsions. The report confirms persisting systemic repressions, arbitrary arrests, misuse of extremist laws, trials in absentia, and inhuman detention conditions, including torture and denial of medical care. We are particularly alarmed by eight deaths in custody since 2020. While 192 detainees were released, over 1,100 political prisoners remain detained and politically motivated convictions continued in 2025. Czech Republic is also deeply concerned about ongoing transnational repression, including property confiscation, asset freezes, criminal proceedings against Belarusians abroad, and the serious impact of decree number 278, which blocks passport renewal and risks long-term statelessness. We further regret Belarus' continued lack of meaningful cooperation with UN mechanisms, especially GIE and the Special Rapporteur. We call on Belarus to end politically motivated detentions, release all political prisoners, stop torture and inhumane detention conditions, cease transnational repressions, accountability for grave violations must be ensured. In light of persistent impunity, what steps should the international community prioritize in 2026 to advance accountability, especially for those arbitrarily detained or expelled against their will? Thank you.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Mali.

Thank you very much, Mr. President. Mali thanks the group of experts for the report. My delegation welcomes the undeniable progress made by Belgrus in the social-economic field, ranking number 60 on the Human Development Index, thus bringing the country back to high level of development. The delegation congratulates the Belarusian authorities on tangible project made in the field of social economic rights. In the area of education, Belarus ranks number 50 out of 141 countries in the world ranking of the Social Knowledge Index and 22 out of 170 countries in the Access to Basic Knowledge Indicator Social Progress Index. Mr. President, Government of Moldova has shown a high sense of partnership with several UN mechanisms for the promotion and protection of human rights in 2024-2025 by actively participating in the UPR and various interactive dialogues of the treaty mechanisms, for example, the interactive dialogues by the CERD, the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and CEDAW. Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Republic of Moldova.

Mr. Vice President, we thank the group for the presentation. We regret the findings indicate on continued violations of human rights by the Belarusian authorities. Freedom of opinion and expression, peaceful assembly, association, and fair trial continue to be infringed. We note that detention conditions remain inhuman, which leads to ill-treatment and torture of detainees. The reports of repression against Belarusians living abroad are of grave concern. New findings on the expulsion from the country of those released and the uncertainty they face due to the lack of documents certifying their release is an additional cause of concern. In light of the report, we recall that it is of paramount importance to consider the best interests of the child in any circumstances. We welcome the releases of detainees convicted on political grounds, including 15 persons released last week. We recall that many still remain behind bars. We hope the efforts will continue to secure their release. Republic of Moldova appeals again to the Belarusian authorities to engage in full and meaningful cooperation with the regional and international human rights bodies, including the Special Rapporteur and the Group of Independent Experts. Mr. Vice President, let me reiterate our call on Belarus to stop any support to Russia's unprovoked and illegal war of aggression against Ukraine. I thank you.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Bulgaria.

Vice President, Bulgaria aligns itself with the statement of the EU. We thank the group of independent experts for their update. The situation of human rights in Belarus continues to be deteriorating. Bulgaria strongly condemns the ongoing systematic violations of fundamental human rights including the rights to freedom of opinion and expression, peaceful assembly, association, and a fair trial. We are deeply concerned that national security legislation continues to be used as an instrument to silence any dissent and target opposition figures and human rights defenders. The Russian authorities must immediately and unconditionally release all political prisoners, ensure their effective rehabilitation, and put an end to all repressive practices. We call for a thorough and transparent investigation into all alleged human rights violations and accountability for the perpetrators. We urge Belarus to stop enabling Russia's unjustified and unprovoked war of aggression against Ukraine. Bulgaria renews its appeal to Belarus to cooperate fully with the Group of Independent Experts and international human rights bodies. Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. The delegation of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea expresses a serious concern regarding the reports and activities of the Group of Independent Experts on Belarus. This mechanism was established without the consent of the country concerned, in violation of the cardinal principles of sovereign equality and non-interference as enshrined in the UN Charter. Mechanisms such as the special rapporteur and other country-specific mandates have increasingly become instruments of political pressure rather than contributing to protection and promotion of human rights. Belarus has the right to determine its own path. Human rights should be promoted through dialogue and cooperation, not through condemnation or coercion. We recognize the Philippines' efforts to continue engagement with UN mechanisms, including the CRPD and CEDAW, and its successful Universal Periodic Review. Mr. President, we reject any interference in internal affairs. The Human Rights Council should remain a forum for dialogue, not a platform for political confrontation. Respect for sovereignty of all states is essential. I thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Lao People's Democratic Republic.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. The Lao PDR commends Belarus for its continued cooperation with the Human Rights Council and other human rights mechanisms. We welcome the efforts and progress made by the Government of Belarus in promotion and protection of human rights in the country, despite the imposition of unilateral coercive measures that adversely affect the full enjoyment of human rights by its people. We also commend Belarus for adopting the Second National Action Plan 2026-2030 in order to implement the Conventions on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities for further advancing the rights of vulnerable groups. The LAPID reiterates that the country-specific mandate imposed on the country concerned with its consent is ineffective, counterproductive, and do not improve the human rights situation in the country. In conclusion, the LAPID advocate for constructive dialogue and cooperation guided by the principles of mutual respect, universality, impartiality, objectivity, non-selectivity, non-politicization, and non-interference in internal affairs of other states. I thank you.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Sri Lanka.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President.

Sri Lanka appreciates the constructive engagement of the Government of Belarus with the Human Rights Council as well as the regular human rights mechanisms and notes the fact that Belarus is party to seven of nine core human rights treaties. Further, we welcome the participation of Belarus in dialogues on periodic reports with CERD, CRPD, and CEDAW, and its fourth UPR review in November 2025. We also acknowledge the achievements of the Government of Belarus in poverty eradication, advancing the right to free education, and improving access to health while accelerating its path to realize sustainable development goals. Sri Lanka reiterates that the country-specific initiatives by this Council without the consent of the country concerned are divisive and counterproductive.

Therefore, we encourage this Council to recognize the voluntarily undertaken international obligations by Belarus and to engage

with the Government of Belarus in a spirit of cooperation guided by mutual respect.

I thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Malta.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Malta aligns itself with the statement of the European Union. And we thank the group of independent experts for their report. We remain deeply concerned about the persistent deterioration of human rights situation in Belarus. The relentless pattern of politically motivated repression, including arbitrary detention, torture and other ill-treatment, and the systematic suppression of freedoms of expression, assembly, and association continues. We welcome the recent further releases of political prisoners from arbitrary detention. Nevertheless, we reiterate our call for the immediate and unconditional release of all those who remain arbitrarily detained on political grounds, without delay. Malta also calls for the end of the active involvement of Belarus in Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. Finally, we urge the Belarusian authorities to fully cooperate with the international human rights mechanisms and to take immediate steps to restore these rights and engage in an inclusive national dialogue.

Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Albania.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Albania thanks the Group of Independent Experts for the presentation of its report, welcomes the thorough work carried out despite the continued lack of cooperation from the Belarusian authorities, and fully supports the renewal and strengthening of its mandate. The findings of the report confirm the observation already made during this session: since 2020, the authorities have been pursuing a widespread and systematic campaign of repression targeting anyone perceived as opposed to the Government. We are deeply concerned about the conditions of detention, including documented deaths, which underscore the gravity of the situation and raise serious questions regarding respect for the right to life. The report also highlights new or intensified transnational repression against Belarusians in exile. We note with concern that more than 1,000 people remain detained for political reasons, and the impunity remains deeply entrenched. We strongly condemn this targeted oppression and call on the government of Belarus to immediately release all political prisoners. Civil society organizations, independent trade unions, media, and human rights defenders continue to be targeted and face worrying legislative initiatives. Albania reaffirms its solidarity with the Belarusian people in their quest for justice, dignity, the rule of law, and respect for fundamental rights. I thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Thank you, Vice President. We regret that again a report has been submitted through an imposed mandate that doesn't have the consent of the country concerned. This document on the situation in Belarus highlights the politicisation of this Council, undermining the principles of impartiality, objectivity and non-selectivity. Once more, they're instrumentalising this forum to spread biased accusations deliberately. omitting progress made in promoting human rights and legislative reforms achieved to guarantee the peaceful, sustainable development of the country. Belarus maintains a high human development indicator with robust programmes on family well-being, education, healthcare and housing. With a view to objectivity, those achievements should be reflected in the report, especially having been achieved despite the imposition of illegal UCMs, unilateral coercive measures. We demand an immediate cessation to these kinds of mandates, which do nothing to contribute to human rights. On the contrary, all they do is they get us further away from the foundational purposes of this Council to promote dialogue and cooperation. Thank you.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Romania.

Thank you, Vice President. Romania aligns with the statement delivered by the EU and appreciates the report and presentation by the distinguished experts. The findings of your report continue to be deeply alarming. They confirm the ongoing suppression of dissent through arbitrary arrests, torture, inhuman detention conditions, and deaths in custody, and underscores that opposition members, journalists, human rights defenders, lawyers, trade unionists, and civil society actors remain under constant threat. We are also concerned about transnational repression and the threats, criminal prosecution, confiscation of property that the Belarusians in exile are facing. Romania condemns all these ongoing abuses and calls on the authorities of Belarus to restore judicial independence, ensure due process for all, and fully cooperate with international accountability mechanisms. We reiterate our call for the release of all political prisoners and for the cessation of any administrative or criminal proceedings against individuals for exercising their human rights. Accountability must be ensured and perpetrators must face justice. Distinguished experts, your report highlights the denial of due process under a judiciary controlled by the executive. What measures could ensure that judicial courts no longer silence dissent?

Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Iran reiterates its firm position in opposing the establishment of biased and discriminatory mechanism and mandate report prepared without the consent of the country concerned. We note that Belarus has made notable progress in advancing its legislative and political reform in accordance with the updated Constitution of 2022, aimed at addressing modern challenges and ensuring the peaceful and sustainable development of the country with promoting the rights of the citizens. Unfortunately, these developments are often insufficiently reflected in the assessment of certain mechanisms. In conclusion, we firmly believe that so-called country-specific mechanism and investigation imposed without the consent of a sovereignty state by blaming, by labeling and stigmatizing the authority of the country concerned serve to justify and promote various unilateral measures that run contrary to the Charter of the United Nations and constitute nothing more than an obstacle on genuine and result-oriented dialogue. I thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Greece.

Thank you, Mr. President. Greece aligns itself with the EU statement and thanks the group of independent experts for its report. We remain deeply concerned by the ongoing and widespread human rights abuses in Belarus, where the systematic repression continues unabated. While the recent release of some political prisoners is a notable development, we recall that many others are still unjustly detained on politically motivated grounds, and former detainees often face ongoing harassment, surveillance, or forced exile. Arbitrary detention, torture, and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment of those exercising their fundamental freedoms persists. Restrictions on independent media, the designation of civil society organizations as extremist formations, and trials in absentia all contribute to a climate of fear and repression that permeates every sector of society. Greece is also deeply concerned by Belarus' continued involvement in Russia's ongoing war of aggression against Ukraine. and the instrumentalization of migrants for political purposes. We reiterate our call for the immediate and unconditional release of all political prisoners, credible investigations into all alleged violations, and full cooperation with human rights mechanisms. Respect for human rights, the rule of law, and fundamental freedoms is indispensable for the dignity and well-being of the Belarusian people.

I thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Croatia.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Croatia aligns with the EU statement and thanks the group for their latest report. We remain deeply concerned by the report's findings documenting widespread and systematic human rights violations in Belarus, including arbitrary arrest and detention, torture and ill-treatment, and the persecution of individuals for exercising their fundamental freedoms. Croatia is worried by reports of inhuman conditions in detention, politically motivated prosecutions, and the continued targeting of journalists, human rights defenders, and members of civil society. While we note the recent release of some political prisoners, we remain concerned by the large number of individuals reportedly detained on politically motivated grounds, as highlighted in the report. We are further alarmed by reports of transnational repression targeting Belarusians living abroad, including acts of intimidation and harassment against their families. These findings underscore the gravity and persistence of human rights violations and the importance of continued efforts to ensure accountability and justice for victims. Croatia reiterates its support for the people of Belarus and for full respect of human rights and fundamental freedoms. I thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Austria.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Austria aligns with the EU statement and thanks the group of independent experts for their update. Austria is concerned about the misuse of national security and extremism-related legislation to silence dissent and to target opposition, human rights defenders, CSO members, journalists, lawyers, trade unions, and others, as well as continued reports of arbitrary arrests, incommunicado detention, and violations of the right to fair trial. The report also identified new patterns of violations. including forced exile following release from detention, the arbitrary confiscation of their identity documents, or transnational repression against Belarusian exiles in exile. We are particularly concerned about continuing appalling conditions of detention of political prisoners and the continued reports of death, torture, and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment in all stages of detention. OSCE calls on Belarus to cooperate with the Group of Independent Experts and all relevant human rights mechanisms and investigations, urges Belarus to respect, protect, fulfill human rights in compliance with its obligations under international human rights law. Dear experts, before closing, let me reiterate our full support for your mandate and your important work in documenting the human rights situation in Belarus. Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Ukraine.

Thank you, Mr. President. Ukraine thanks the Group of Independent Experts for presenting their report and their continued efforts to shed light on the human rights situation in Belarus. We note with deep concern the patterns of violations committed by Belarus to repress dissent both inside the country and abroad, aimed at prolonging the rule of the Lukashenko regime. Repression in Belarus remains widespread. According to the report, at least 1,254 individuals were reportedly convicted on politically motivated charges in 2025 alone, reflecting the continued misuse of criminal legislation to silence dissent. We are also alarmed by ongoing reports of inhuman detention conditions, torture, and ill-treatment, as well as deaths in is in custody of individuals arbitrarily detained for exercising their fundamental human rights and freedoms. The persistent lack of accountability for perpetrators of human rights violations continues to fuel repression. In this regard, we emphasize that pursuing accountability remains essential. Finally, we reiterate the need to increase pressure on those contributing to Russia's aggression against Ukraine and destabilization of the European continent. I thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Eritrea.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. We note that Belarus continues to demonstrate sustainable socioeconomic development and political stability. The country ranks 65th on the Human Development Index and is classified as having a very high level of human development. Belarus has reaffirmed a strong commitment to fulfilling its international obligations and has achieved 80.5% progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. Notably, extreme poverty has been completely eradicated. Furthermore, Belarus has shown a willingness to engage with international human rights mechanisms, emphasizing genuine dialogue based on mutual respect. We commend these efforts and encourage their continuation. We believe that constructive engagement and dialogue remain the most effective means of supporting the promotion and protection of human rights in any state. Initiatives that may contribute to polarization risk undermining national efforts and do not always foster the cooperative spirit necessary for meaningful progress. We urge the international community to continue engaging with Belarus through dialogue, mutual respect, and cooperation, including by considering the lifting of unilateral measures which hinders socioeconomic development. I thank you, Mr. Vice President.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Kyrgyzstan.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Kyrgyz Republic takes note of the information provided regarding the situation of human rights in Belarus. In the meantime, we believe that the assessment of human rights developments should take into account not only existing challenges, but also the progress achieved by states in strengthening the protection of rights and freedoms. In this regard, we note Belarus' efforts to enhance the role of women in public and political life. As of 2024, women constitute 40.2 2% of MPs in Belarus, while the share of women in leadership positions reached nearly half at 49.6%. We also take note of the constitutional reform undertaken in Belarus, which introduced provisions aimed at strengthening citizens' access to constitutional justice. These measures include additional safeguards intended to facilitate access to legal remedies for vulnerable groups, including persons with disabilities, orphans, and youth. With regard to cooperation with the United Nations human rights systems, Belarus remains a party to seven of the nine core international human rights treaties. We also note Belarus' support for the UPR mechanisms, with its fourth review having taken place in November 2025. Kyrgyzstan believes that genuine achievements made by states in advancing social inclusion, gender equality, and institutional reforms should be duly recognized and encouraged by the international community. Constructive engagement, mutual respect, and balanced consideration of both progress and challenges remain essential for strengthening international cooperation in the field of human rights.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Azerbaijan.

Mr. Vice President, Azerbaijan takes note of the report presented by the Group of Independent Experts for the present interactive dialogue, as well as information provided by Belarus as a concerned country. We emphasize that respect for territorial integrity, sovereignty, and non-interference in internal affairs of Member States are important principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations. In this regard, we stress that issues brought to the attention of the Council, including those related to Belarus, must be approached in full conformity with these principles. I thank you.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Uzbekistan via video statement.

Thank you, Chair. Uzbekistan notes the presentation by the Group of Independent Experts of its comprehensive report on the situation of human rights in Belarus. We value the work of the group in analyzing developments related to civil and political rights, the situation of detainees, and the broader human rights context in the country, as well as its efforts to gather information from various stakeholders to provide recommendations aimed at improving the human rights situation. At the same time, Uzbekistan notes developments in Belarus that may contribute to improving the human rights environment. In particular, the release of numbers of detainees during 2025 and continued contacts between Belarus and international partners demonstrate the importance of sustained engagement and dialogue. Uzbekistan also notes the progress in the social-economic sphere. including efforts to improve the well-being of population and ensure access to the healthcare and education. We believe the constructive dialogue and cooperation with international human rights mechanisms remain essential for addressing existing challenges and promoting further progress. I thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Thank you, Mr. Vice-President. The UK thanks the Group of Experts for their comprehensive report. It confirms that serious human rights violations in Belarus continue, with no genuine accountability. We remain deeply concerned by the ongoing arbitrary detention of over 1,100 political prisoners, including journalists, human rights defenders, and democratic opposition figures. While we note the release of some detainees, these releases are often conditional and accompanied by forced exile or continued harassment. The findings on torture, ill-treatment, and the systematic use of the judiciary to silence dissent are particularly alarming. We are also troubled by the growing and well-documented pattern of transnational repression targeting Belarusians abroad, undermining international norms, and threatening the safety of diaspora communities. The UK strongly supports international accountability efforts, including through the Group of Experts and the Special Rapporteur. We call on the Belarusian authorities to immediately and unconditionally release all political prisoners without forced exile, end torture and post-release repression, and cooperate fully with UN mechanisms. We ask the Group of Experts: what further steps can the international community take to counter transnational repression? And how can accountability efforts best support victims in the absence of domestic remedies? Thank you.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of France.

Members of the Group of Experts, France firmly condemns the ongoing repression carried out by the Belarusian authorities against civil society and any critical voices. We hail the courage of all those who continue to defend fundamental rights and freedoms in the face of repression. France thanks you for your report, which notes numerous arbitrary detentions, often accompanied by inhumane detention conditions. It also documents grave abuses of fundamental freedoms, especially freedom of expression, opinion, association and peaceful assembly, as well as practices of transnational repression targeting opposition. While release of political prisoners is a positive development, their forced exile, confiscation of their ID documents, and surveillance that they've been subject to when authorized to stay in Belarus are troubling. France calls on the Belarusian authorities to put an end to these practices and to immediately, unconditionally release all persons detained for political reasons. France also condemns violations of the rights of LGBT+ persons and the grave discrimination they have suffered. France remains fully committed to fighting impunity and supports mechanisms enabling the documentation and investigation into these violations, and therefore supports extending the mandate of the Group of Experts on Belarus and that of the Special Rapporteur on the human rights situation in that country. Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Cuba.

Vice President, the report presented on Belarus doesn't objectively reflect the reality in the country. It's no surprise that this is a result of a selective, partial interventionist resolution, which year in, year out, is imposed against Belarus. The resolutions and punitive mechanisms that don't enjoy the consent of the country concerned, instead of contributing to the cause of human rights, instead convert into an obstacle which impedes respectful dialogue and genuine cooperation, the only effective ways to promote and protect human rights in any country. This exercise, this selective, partialized, piecemeal exercise on Belarus only helps fuel political narratives and agendas of certain countries and justify the imposition of UCMs against that nation. This organ spends almost 40 million dollars in mandates that don't have the consent of the country concerned, as is the case with Belarus. Disregarding the lack of any effectiveness or results of such a punitive approach, continuing to use resources, increasingly scarce resources of the Council like this, is not rational nor is it sustainable. We condemn persistent interventionism and attempts to interfere in the internal affairs of any country, including Belarus. Thank you.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Germany.

Thank you very much indeed, Mr. Vice-President. And we also would like to thank the group of independent experts for their tireless work and for giving us an independent assessment of the situation in Belarus. The statement by the representative of Belarus today has only underlined why such an independent assessment is indeed needed. Germany therefore supports the extension of the group's mandate. The group's report is testament to the severe levels of national and transnational repression faced by Belarusians at home and abroad. It is part of a systematic campaign to arbitrarily arrest or detain anyone perceived to be opposed to the government. While we are welcoming the recent release of political prisoners, we condemn the subsequent forced exile and arbitrary confiscation of identity documents. Germany calls on the Belarusian authorities to immediately and unconditionally release all remaining political prisoners. We also call on Belarusian authorities to refrain from further arbitrary arrests and to improve detention conditions for all prisoners, especially women. Dear independent experts, how can we as international community support your work for the benefit of the Belarusian people in times of dwindling resources? Thank you.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Zimbabwe.

Thank you, Vice President. Zimbabwe commends Belarus for its continued.

Cooperation with the Human Rights Council and other human rights mechanisms, including the fourth UPR held in November 2025. We recognize the constitutional reforms carried out by the government to ensure the direct access of citizens to justice with due attention to the promotion of the rights of its citizens. Zimbabwe is worried by the biased assessments of human rights in targeted states and the continuation of mechanisms and procedures that do not receive adequate consent from the country concerned. We reiterate our opposition to country-specific resolutions and use of such resolutions as a basis for work of the Council. Interventions that are built on a non-consensual mandate only foment polarization between the country consent and the sponsors of the mandates, thereby inhibiting dialogue and cooperation, both key pillars of the work of the Human Rights Council.

We urge Council.

To engage in a constructive dialogue with Belarus. We also call for the lifting of UCMs imposed on Belarus, as they are adversely affecting the full enjoyment of human rights by its people. I thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Russian Federation.

Vice President, politicization by a certain group of countries of human rights situations in Belarus are of a systematic, unconcealed nature. This is very eloquently reflected by the deliberate hysteria in the public space regarding the subject of the so-called political prisoners, including time and again, those who have been convicted of committing extremist crimes. However, the logic of such actions fully fits into the Western countries’ aim to finance and provide other support to destructive elements in Belarus society, with a clearly viewed goal of toppling the political leadership of the country through a violent seizure of the regime and giving it to the hands of their puppets. This fails to hide the clear fact that the Belarusians themselves very positively assess the latest efforts of the government of the country in the internal political sphere. Any sane observer can see that the internal political situation in Belarus has long stabilised and constructive opposition forces have reached mutual understanding with the Belarus authorities. Again, we call on those who continue to play the Belarusian card for geopolitical interests to stop abusing to that end the forum of this Council and other human rights mechanisms of the UN for their ends. We believe that any internal Belarusian contradictions should be resolved without any kind of interference from abroad. Thank you.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Armenia.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Armenia takes note of the report on the human rights situation in Belarus. Despite limited progress, the overall human rights situation in Belarus remains a matter of concern. With the reported restrictions on civil society space and the limited presence of independent human rights institutions, the challenges in ensuring full protection of human rights in the country appear to remain. The practice of designating a wide range of organizations and individuals operating within Belarus and abroad as extremists may have implications for civic space and the expression of diverse views. The report puts forward allegations on treatment of some prisoners and detainees, as well as concerns regarding their access to legal assistance and other fundamental rights stipulated by the International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights, to which Belarus is a party. We once again reiterate that addressing such allegations and concerns requires cooperation and engagement of authorities with the human rights machinery of the United Nations. Mr. Vice President, Armenia greatly values strong historical ties between our peoples and societies. We are genuinely interested in the strengthening of democratic institutions in Belarus based on respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. I thank you.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Ireland.

Vice President, Ireland aligns with the EU statement and thanks the independent experts for their report. Ireland firmly stands in solidarity with the Belarusian people and remains extremely concerned at the Belarusian authorities' continued systematic violation of international human rights law. Ireland reiterates its call for the immediate release of all political prisoners in Belarus. We condemn the Belarusian authorities’ arbitrary arrests and detention of individuals on politically motivated grounds, which represent breaches of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. We condemn the authorities’ use of violence against prisoners, which illustrates a total disregard for the inherent dignity of the human person, as well as their grave violations of due process and fair trial rights. Ireland further condemns the forced expulsion of former political prisoners and the confiscation of their identity documents. In addition to severely mistreating prisoners, including through the use of torture, the Belarusian authorities have continued their violations of the right to freedom of association, placing a stranglehold over civil society in a bid to cement the power of President Lukashenko over the Belarusian people. We also condemn the Belarusian authorities' threats against Belarusian citizens abroad and harassment of their family members at home. Independent experts, what can the international community do to support Belarusian citizens at home or abroad to bring about an end to the Belarusian authorities' systematic violations of human rights? I thank you.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Ethiopia.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Ethiopia reiterates its principle commitment to the promotion and protection of human rights through genuine dialogue, cooperation, and respect for national sovereignty. Human rights concerns should be addressed with transparency and in accordance with international standards, while avoiding selectivity and double standards. Ethiopia underscores the importance of constructive engagement with all countries.

Including Belarus, to strengthen human rights protection through national mechanisms and inclusive dialogue.

The promotion of human rights should be grounded in cooperation, mutual.

Respect, and the sovereign rights of states to determine the most appropriate means of addressing challenges within their borders. In this regard, Ethiopia emphasizes the importance of universal periodic review process, consent-based capacity building, and technical assistance to support national efforts.

We commend Belarus for its continued engagement with UN human rights mechanisms, including the.

Universal Periodic Review process, and encourage the implementation of accepted recommendations. Ethiopia also stresses that country-specific mechanisms established without the consent of the concerned country risk being counterproductive. In conclusion, Ethiopia calls for continued cooperation and dialogue to advance meaningful progress in the promotion and protection of human rights.

I thank you, Mr. Vice President.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Switzerland.

Mr. Vice President, Switzerland would like to thank the group of experts for the presentation of the report. While Switzerland welcomes the recent release of some detainees, it strongly condemns their expulsion from Belarusian territory, as well as the confiscation of their identity documents. Such treatment, which substitutes forced exile for arbitrary detention, represents a serious violation of fundamental rights and exposes people to an increased risk of statelessness. In addition, Switzerland is concerned about the transnational campaign of repression mentioned in the report. We are also alarmed by reports of more than 1,100 prisoners still arbitrarily detained, as well as serious and widespread ill-treatment that has led to the deaths of at least eight detainees since 2020. In this context, the report cases of mothers deprived of direct contact with their children are of particular concern. Switzerland calls for regular communication between these mothers deprived of their liberty and their children to be allowed without delay in the best interests of the child, and for the use of alternative non-custodial Finally, Switzerland calls for the immediate release of all those arbitrarily detained in line with international law and the restoration of their rights. Ladies and gentlemen, experts, what specific measures should be put in place to support the reintegration of those persons who were released? Thank you.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Cambodia.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. My delegation takes note of the Group of Independent Experts' report on the human rights situation in Belarus. We also note Belarus' continued efforts in socio-economic development, including initiatives to improve education, health care, housing, women's empowerment, and support for persons with disabilities. Cambodia maintains that all country mandates should be based on consent, cooperation, and direct communication with the authorities concerned. These elements are essential for an objective and comprehensive understanding of the situation on the ground. We reiterate that the promotion and protection of human rights must be pursued with full respect for sovereignty, non-selectivity, and constructive dialogue. In this spirit, we encourage continued engagement between Belarus and relevant UN mechanisms through dialogue-based cooperation that supports national priorities. As such, cooperation remains vital for building trust and achieving more meaningful progress. I thank you.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Sudan.

Thank you, Vice President. We took note of the report by the Group of Experts on the situation of human rights in Belarus. We took note of its messages. We encourage Belarus to continue its efforts to promote and protect civil, political rights, including reinforcing democracy and elections. We encourage also to protect cultural, social, and economic rights, and progressing in terms of human development indicators, reducing poverty and inequality while protecting the environment. Promotion of human rights is an ongoing process, and attention should be paid to its dimensions in line with national priorities. We welcome Belarus' cooperation with the Council and its review under the UPR. This Council was established to reinforce dialogue on human rights without selectivity or politicization, while adhering to impartiality and best practices. These are key principles for us, and we call for not imposing any mandate against the will of the concerned State. And thank you, Vice President.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of China.

Vice President, China notes the report of the Group of Experts on Belarus. China has always opposed politicizing and instrumentalizing the Council or using human rights to interfere in internal affairs. Without the consent of the country concerned, the Council imposed the mandate of this group. Relevant report ignored the efforts and achievements of the government in protecting and promoting human rights based on false information, accused and smeared Belarus. This will not help to improve and protect human rights, rather will waste resources and complicate the issue. China respects the development path autonomously chosen by Belarusians. We respect Belarus' sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity, and we support its efforts for political stability and economic development. We oppose any external interference under whatever excuse. China urges relevant countries to stop unjustified unilateral sanctions against Belarus, shoulder their international responsibilities and duties, and take more concrete actions for economic and social development and people's enjoyment of human rights in I thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Dominican Republic.

Thank you very much, Mr. Vice President. The Dominican Republic would like to thank the group of experts presenting the report, and we take note of the information and analysis. related to the situation of human rights in Belarus. We appreciate the relevance of the mandate of the Group of Experts for monitoring and documenting the situation, as well as its contribution to the international efforts with a view of promoting accountability and respect for international obligations. We note with concerns the conclusions or findings regarding persisting restrictions on civic space, including limitations on the exercise of the freedom of expression, Association and peaceful assembly. We stress the importance of ensuring respect for the rule of law, due process, and the independence of institutions as essential elements for the effective protection of human rights and public trust. We encourage the authorities to continue dialogue and cooperation with international human rights mechanisms with a view of ensuring progress in the protection and promotion of fundamental rights of all persons. Thank you very much, Mr. Vice President.

Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Kazakhstan.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. My delegation takes note of the report of the Group of Independent Experts, as well as information provided by Belarus as a concerned country. Kazakhstan is committed to the principles enshrined in the UN Charter, including universality, impartiality, and non-selectivity. These values are foundational to fostering equitable international cooperation and promoting human rights. By adhering to these principles, we strive to advance global peace, justice, and the protection of fundamental freedoms for all. The people of every state should enjoy their right to independently choose the path of development. So do the people of Belarus. in accordance with the State's international obligations and national legislation within the framework of a peaceful, wise, and inclusive dialogue. We note Belarus' commitment to cooperation with the OHCHR, thematic special procedures, and treaty bodies. We believe that Belarus and the UN human rights mechanisms should work together in good faith and in a constructive manner so that such cooperation can assist the country in implementing its commitment in the fields of human rights. I thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Egypt.

Thank you, Vice President. We took note of the Group of Independent Experts report on human rights situation in Belarus. We express our opposition to politicization of human rights and their use to intervene in the domestic affairs of the state. We underline commitment to the principles of universality, impartiality, non-selectivity, and combating double standards when dealing with human rights. We call for dialogue and discussion with the concerned state while focusing on building the capacity of national institutions and technical cooperation. And thank you, Vice President.

Thank you.

This was the last speaker on the list. We shall now turn to the list of speakers for national human rights institutions and non-governmental organizations. Now, I give the floor to the representative of National Human Rights Civic Association, intervention by video.

Mr. President, Excellencies, colleagues, first of all, we would like to welcome the releases of political prisoners, including those who have been serving long sentences and those with serious health conditions. We are sincerely relieved that they are now free, and we express our deep gratitude to the government of the United States of America and those European states that have received those released and provided them with protection and assistance, in particular Lithuania, Ukraine, Poland, and Germany. We urge the Belarusian authorities to release all political prisoners unconditionally. Importantly, those who are released must have a genuine choice about their future, whether to remain in Belarus or to leave the country, and that choice must be made freely, without any coercion. They should not be subjected to additional risks to their life and health. We also caution against interpreting these releases as a sign of systemic improvement. Today, more than 1,100 political prisoners still remain behind bars, and new cases continue to emerge almost daily. Conditions of detention remain inhumane, administrative practices continue to suppress dissent, while new legislation further codifies repression and enables human rights violations. We call on members of the Human Rights Council to continue supporting the mandates of the Special Rapporteur and the Group of Independent Experts on Belarus, and in all engagement with the Belarusian authorities to demand a genuine end to repression, including the release of all political prisoners, but also the repeal of repressive laws and practices.

Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the representative of Institute for Human Rights, intervention by video.

Distinguished members of the Human Rights Council, First of all, let me thank the Group of Experts on Belarus for their important work documenting ongoing human rights violations in the country. Five years after the 2020 election, the human rights crisis in Belarus continues and deepens. Thousands of people have been detained. Many more face politically motivated prosecutions. All of this is part of the regime’s campaign to silence dissent. The scale and systematic nature of these violations have led the group of experts to conclude that some of them may amount to crimes against humanity. Repression by the Lukashenko's regime is also becoming transnational. Belarusians in exile face pressure, surveillance, and attempts to misuse international mechanisms against them. Their relatives inside Belarus are often targeted in retaliation. Belarusian democratic forces strongly support the work of the Group of Experts and express our gratitude to the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Belarus. We call on the international community to remain united and principled in addressing the situation in Belarus. At the same time, Every effort must be made to release all political prisoners and to protect those who continue to fight for freedom and human rights. Belarus is a European country, and Belarusians have clearly expressed their aspirations for freedom and democracy. Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the representative of the Friedrich Naumann Foundation.

For a long time, we were told that the Belarusian authorities would not release a single political prisoner. Yet since the summer of 2024, 606 people have been freed through national pardons and humanitarian negotiations involving the United States, Ukraine, the Vatican, and others, in several cases saving lives. This proves that even in the most difficult circumstances, solutions are possible. Today, we hear the same claim about repression, that it will not stop, but declarations alone are not enough. We must pursue realistic and flexible diplomatic mechanisms for the gradual reduction of repressions. At least 1,140 political prisoners and their families still await every day for release. Some releases have been accompanied by forced exile without regard to personal will or documentation. Those who remain face systematic discrimination, punitive isolation, arbitrary sentence extensions. Among them are people with disabilities, cancer patients, elderly detainees, minors, and even pregnant women. Yet, Belarusian society broadly agrees, including many supporters of the current authorities, that political prisoners, especially the most vulnerable, should not remain behind bars. Today, it is essential to strengthen engagement with OHCHR, restore space for human rights dialogue in Minsk, reinstate social support programs, implement practical humanitarian measures for vulnerable groups, and expand humanitarian diplomacy, making it sustainable. We call on states to support this approach. Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the representative of Human Rights House Foundation.

Thank you, Vice President. We welcome the news that just this afternoon, the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court announced it was officially opening an investigation into Belarus. This decision further reflects the gravity of the human rights violations and crimes being perpetrated. Vice President, Despite the limited recent releases of political prisoners in Belarus, we remain deeply concerned for new arrests and for the continued imprisonment of friends and colleagues, including Valentin Stefanovich, Marfa Rabkova, Andrei Aleksandrov, and Nastya Loika. The report of the Group of Experts also details patterns of transnational oppression targeting Belarusians in exile, including denial of consular services, trials in absentia, confiscation of property and assets, harassment of family members, and extremist listings. On 27 February, PEN Belarus was designated as an “extremist formation” for their human rights work focused on freedom of expression as well as promoting the Belarusian language and culture. As we highlighted in our recent joint NGO letter to all Human Rights Council members, these developments make the case for continued analysis by the Special Rapporteur and evidence collection and preservation by the Group of Independent Experts, and we recommend the Council renew both mandates. Vice President, we ask the Group of Experts what are the most concrete steps States can take to increase the likelihood of accountability for the violations and crimes committed by Belarus. I thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the representative of Dignity, intervention by video.

Mr. President, as lead organization of the International Accountability Platform for Belarus, Dignity compliments the group of independent experts on their conscientious report and recommends an extension of its mandate. While releases of political prisoners in 2025 brought relief to those freed and their families, They must not be misconstrued as indicating a reversal or softening of repressive practices in Belarus. We therefore encourage states to deploy accountability mechanisms at their disposal to address the severe and continuing violations of international law since 2020. A comprehensive overview of mechanisms aimed at state responsibility, as well as criminal accountability and hybrid instruments, is provided in the IBB's report, Paths to Accountability for Belarus. The IBB collects and analyzes evidence of violations. of human rights and international criminal law, and stands ready to support both national prosecution services and international accountability mechanisms in investigating and prosecuting those responsible. Thank you for your attention.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the representative of International Bar Association for a joint statement by video.

The International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute and the International Commission of Jurists condemn the ongoing repression of civil society in Belarus, and in particular, systematic attacks and judicial harassment against lawyers representing dissenting voices and defending human rights and the rule of law. We deplore the subordination of the judiciary to the executive control, as well as the arbitrary interference by the Minister of Justice in lawyers' licensing and disciplinary proceedings, compounded by the bar association's failure to protect its members. Effective remedies for impacted lawyers are not available. Since 2020, almost 600 lawyers were forced to leave the profession, many of whom are now in exile. We further condemn the recent KGB designation of the Belarusian Association of Human Rights Lawyers as an extremist formation. The association, founded by exiled lawyers, works to promote human rights and the rule of law in Belarus. We denounce the systematic repression of Belarusians residing abroad, including trials in absence against exiled activists and the denial of access to essential consular services, exposing them to a risk of statelessness. We urge Belarus to immediately release all those arbitrarily detained, including lawyers, to cease further persecution and ensure accountability. We call on this Council to adopt a strong resolution renewing the complementary mandates of the Special Rapporteur and the Group of Independent Experts on Belarus. Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the representative of Article 19, intervention by video.

Article.

19 thanks the Group of Independent Experts for their comprehensive report, which once again details the extreme and systemic violations of international human rights law with complete impunity in Belarus. While 2025 saw the release of some journalists and human rights defenders in the country, this does not signal a relaxation of repression, but rather a revolving door approach characterised by prolonged pre-trial detentions, repeated re-arrests, or the threat of renewed prosecution. This is a deliberate approach to create a climate of fear among civil society in the country. As a group of experts show in their report, however, those in exile are not safe from the grip of the regime. Belarus is a leader of transnational repression, in particular by opening up criminal cases against journalists and human rights offenders in exile and weaponizing international police cooperation through Interpol Red Notices and extradition requests. Their aim is to discredit exiled journalists and human rights offenders and isolate them through travel restrictions. We also note how cuts to the human rights ecosystem, first initiated by the United States and now many other governments worldwide, are having detrimental impacts on Belarusian media outlets, which may lead to some completely ceding their vital work. Article 19 encourages states to do more to ensure justice for extreme and systemic human rights violations in Belarus, including by potentially initiating investigations under the principle of universal jurisdiction to hold those responsible to account. We also urge relevant states to take all measures to prevent, investigate, and ensure accountability for all acts of transnational repression against exiled Belarusian journalists and human rights defenders on their territory. Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the representative of Frontline AIDS Limited Intervention by video.

On behalf of civil society organizations working in public health and human rights in ECA region, we thank the Group of Experts for their continuous attention to the human rights situation in Belarus. Civic space in the country remains severely restricted, with serious consequences for civil society and marginalized communities. Since 2020, hundreds of civil society organizations have been forcibly liquidated or compelled to self-dissolve. Restrictive legislation and administrative barriers make it nearly impossible to register new organizations or safely operate in the country. Groups working with marginalized communities, including LGBTQI people and key populations affected by HIV, face particularly high level of scrutiny, stigma, and legal risks. We are deeply concerned by the use of broadly defined extremism provision and other criminal laws to target activists, community leaders, and independent organizations, undermining essential community-led health and social services. We call on the authorities of Belarus to cease the liquidation and criminalization of civil society, repeal legislation restricting fundamental freedoms and access to funding, and ensure safe conditions for community-led organizations. We also urge the international community to continue supporting Belarusian civil society, including organizations in exile, and to maintain strong monitoring of the human rights situation. Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the representative of War Resisters International.

Mr. Vice President, WRI, together with its partner Connection EV, thanks the group of independent experts for its report, which highlights several concerning practices affecting Belarusian people in exile, such as transnational repression, public threats, trials in abstention, and labeling civil society organization as extremists. We are greatly concerned by the support of Belarus to the Russian war of aggression in Ukraine and the ongoing violation of the right to conscientious objection to military service. Recent legal amendments have significantly tightened military obligation and increased criminal liability for draft evasion. Individuals facing prosecution may now avoid criminal liability by signing a written statement agreeing to perform military service. Alternative civilian service is recognized only for those referring to religious beliefs, excluding secular pacifist convention. The militarization of children and their exposure to paramilitary training is also alarming. As reported by the Special Rapporteur, repressive laws and policy continue to target grassroots civil society organizations, those documenting this violation, including our house, face transnational pressure, surveillance, threats, and cyber attacks. We have been notified that this organization's director, Olga Karach, is experiencing de-banking practices which are affecting also Belarusian human rights defenders and causing operational difficulties, for instance, in Lithuania. We welcome the recommendation to the Member States to ensure international refugee protection for victims and witnesses who have fled or forcibly expelled, and thus to grant asylum to Belarusian conscientious objectors and human rights defenders in line with UNHCR guidelines. Thank you.

Thank you.

This was the last speaker on the list. I now give the floor to the members of the expert group for their concluding remarks. You have five minutes and 35 seconds.

Thank you. Our group commends those states which have welcomed Belarusians who have left the country and encourage the international community to extend this welcome. Belarusians in exile require administrative support, technical assistance, health and social services, and resource mobilization, and each case may be unique. Journalists in exile require support to continue reporting on the situation in Belarus. Civil society organizations require funding. Examples of good practice addressing the confiscation of identity documents of the Belarusian citizens who were forcibly expelled and deported to a third country include granting international refugee protection, facilitating the issuance and recognition of travel and identity documents, and granting temporary identity documents, and passports, work and study permits, and ensuring access to social and health services. Concrete steps that states can take in the coming year to increase the likelihood of accountability, first would be to continue to demand that Belarus itself has its own effective processes of accountability for serious human rights violations. We commend some Member States' efforts in conducting relevant criminal proceedings at national jurisdictions outside Belarus as a means to advance accountability on the basis of the principles of extraterritorial or universal jurisdiction, but this does require political will. Efforts to collect, document, and preserve evidence of the violations must continue. Our group is more than willing and ready to dialogue bilaterally with states on this. If you have regard to our organograms in our last report, you will see the names and positions of key individuals and the kind of evidence that we collect, so you know we have much to offer to member states to further explore targeted measures against alleged perpetrators of serious human rights violations. Such measures, we know, should be proportionate, time-bound, and subject to appropriate human rights safeguards, including human rights impact assessments and monitoring conducted by independent experts. Member States may want to coordinate effectively with other States and support civil society organizations at the national and regional level. This could include information sharing, provision of mutual legal assistance, and technical support. And we are greatly encouraged by the news from the International Criminal Court in the case referred by Lithuania. We also greatly appreciate the support that States have provided to our groups thus far. We recommend supporting the renewal of our mandate by the Human Rights Council, and we want to be enabled to continue investigating the human rights violations, to collect, consolidate, preserve, and analyze evidence for such violations that have been committed. You know our work promotes accountability, and indeed during the reporting period, and in line with our mandate to collect and preserve information in a manner to maximize the possibility of its admissibility in legal proceedings, we have shared information on human rights violations with international and national accountability mechanisms. Thank you.

Mr. Vice President, distinguished delegates, in fact, judicial independence is a cornerstone of the rule of law and fundamental safeguard of fair trials. It is unfortunate that we have to remind that Belarus judges must get a chance to regain and uphold their independence. International standards require judiciary to be independent from the executive branch. Lack of this independence in Belarus set up, unfortunately, a corrupt, contagious example that affects other countries. We as UN states are internationally depending on each others. While representing states, our decisions have the impact on the fate on individuals, especially those powerless, less often on those in power. And therefore, the international community should continue calling on the government of Belarus, both publicly and bilaterally, to meet its obligation under international human rights. including the respect for the fair trials. In addition, member states that have bilateral agreements with Belarus on criminal cooperation should consider that Belarusian authorities systematically misuse criminal charges for politically motivated purposes. The extradition of individuals to Belarus under such agreements expose many of them to serious risk of politically motivated prosecution, denial of fair trials rights and other grave human rights violation, including the risk of torture and ill-treatment. Therefore, Interpol Red Notice should be taken seriously because it's often abused to snatch the people and spread the terror below the Belarusian border. We are observing that these authorities persecute often people below the border of Belarus. And therefore, it is our collective, impartial obligation to eliminate practices documented in our report that are foreign to UN human rights standards. Thank you.

Thank you.

This brings us to the end of this interactive dialogue. I'd like to thank the members of the expert group for their participation. We will now take a short break before holding the interactive dialogue with the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Excellencies, distinguished participants, we shall now begin the interactive dialogue with the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. It is my pleasure to welcome the distinguished members of the Commission, Mr. Alex Niv and Ms. Maria Eloisa Quintero, And the list of speakers will close in 15 minutes. I now give the floor to the members of the fact-finding mission to provide the oral update. You have the floor.

President, Excellencies, distinguished delegates, the International Fact-Finding The Human Rights Council Fact-Finding Mission on the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is pleased to present its oral update on its work before the Human Rights Council, in line with resolution 57/37, which extended the mandate of the mission up to October 2026. The composition of the mission has been updated since the presentation of this The report will be made by the two new members, Mr. Alex Neave, here present, and your humble servant, Maria Luisa Quintero. We would like to take this opportunity to thank the previous experts on the mission, Francisco Cox, Patricia Tapata, and Marta Valínez, for their outstanding efforts and achievements in the important investigative work into human rights violations in Venezuela. President, this update covers the period between September 2025 up to the present day, a period of great uncertainty in which we've seen both changes as well as continuity. This could be divided into two phases. The first phase covers the last few months of 2025, during which we saw a continuity of patterns of grave human rights violations. that we have already flagged in other reports. Between September and December 2025, the mission registered 135 alleged arbitrary detentions. Many of the people detained were subjected to human rights violations. In particular, the mission is currently investigating various cases of torture and sexual and gender-based violence in detention centres and in security houses. A third of the people detained were the family members of the main arrestees. They included eight children and adolescents, including a two-year-old and a five-year-old. The mission also registered the death of at least three people in custody during those same months, Additional investigations indicate that those deaths could have been a result of health conditions that weren't addressed in a proper, timely manner. Those deaths in custody highlight once more the harsh conditions that victims of detentions find themselves in. The mission has continued to receive information on the grave impact on the family members. the lack of information on the whereabouts or health of their loved ones, as well as the criteria and time frames for their release. This has disproportionately affected women, many of whom have for weeks been waiting outside detention centres and have even held hunger strikes. The mission continues its investigations. Nevertheless, its initial conclusions suggest that during the period of September to December 2025, the authorities continued to apply state policy of repression. President, during the reporting period, events of great importance have taken place. Starting in September 2025, the US deployed a military and oversight operation in the Caribbean Sea with the objective of tackling what the authorities of that country described as "narco-terrorist organizations." Then, on the 3rd of January 2026, the US carried out a military attack in Venezuela, which included bombing airports, air bases, and military bases. According to estimates from the Venezuelan Defense Ministry, the attacks left 82 people dead, including two civilians. The attack was accompanied by an operation by US special forces. in which President Nicolás Maduro and the First Lady Cilia Flores were captured and taken by force to the US, where they face charges. With respect to those acts, as independent experts appointed by the Council, we would like to state as follows: First of all, the Mission reiterates that the US military operation of 3 January 2026 violated international law. While the mission has reasonable grounds to believe that Maduro is responsible for crimes against humanity, this does not justify an illegal military intervention. Secondly, the mission has consistently stated that all actors who participated in the system of repression and the perpetration of those crimes should be held accountable in judicial proceedings with due guarantees provided. As is public knowledge, sir, after the military attack and Maduro's arrest, the Supreme Court of Justice appointed Delcy Rodriguez as acting president. This gave way to a second phase which includes certain actions which could be described as encouraging. One of the first measures taken by Rodriguez was to issue a decree declaring a state of emergency whose relevance and content are questionable from the point of view of international and Venezuelan constitutionalism. But later, and as an expression of change, the authorities launched a process of mass release of persons detained on political grounds. The Mission notes this as a positive act. However, there are no clear verifiable data on the identity and number of the so-called political prisoners. Official figures on persons detained and then released are problematic and cannot be substantiated. On 23 January, Delcy Rodriguez said that 626 people had been released, while NGOs believe that number is significantly lower. Meanwhile, on the 20th of February, the National Assembly adopted unanimously the law on amnesty for democratic coexistence. Any law of this nature is a positive instrument. Nonetheless, the law doesn't establish a general amnesty. Rather, the mission noted with satisfaction the new law, but expressed serious reservations, including, first, The law was fast-tracked, which meant that it hindered any transparent or inclusive consultative process. Secondly, the law fails to recognise the responsibility of the state for human rights violations. It doesn't provide for transparent or comprehensive proceedings or independent investigations or mechanisms for search for truth, nor does it recognize the victims of the repression, who continue to be characterized as criminals without right to effective remedy. Thirdly, the scope of the amnesty law is arbitrarily restrictive and it's limited to offenses and not other crimes, and a specific list of events. The amnesty excludes a large number of people who were arrested with respect to other acts, such as those arrested for alleged armed actions or force, quote unquote, against the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country. That's an accusation that was frequently used by the authorities to detain members of the military, ex-military, and civilians. According to official data, between 20th February and the 6th of March, the judicial authorities released 247 people under the amnesty law. while 7,407 were granted full freedom after the proceedings against them lapsed. Without there being official public registers in these cases, these figures can't be verified. Hundreds of people continue to be in detention. They are people of diverse nationalities. According to what the mission documented, at least 76 foreigners or persons with dual citizenship who were detained on political grounds are still awaiting release. The mission takes this opportunity to reiterate its call that all persons arbitrarily detained be released unconditionally, independent of whether their cases are covered or not within the amnesty law. This law is not needed to release somebody who has been illegitimately deprived of their liberty. President, the mission continues to receive direct testimonies, declarations, statements from victims and family members, information, documents, and reports on human rights violations, committed after the 3rd of January this year. In this second phase, as per the information collected by the mission, at least 87 people have been arrested, including 14 journalists and media workers who were detained temporarily as they covered the swearing in of Delcy Rodriguez on the 5th of January. And at least 27 people were arrested for supposedly celebrating the arrest of Nicolás Maduro, including 15 children. It's also reported that some 30 people from the Scientific Criminal and Criminalistic Investigations Corps and their family members were arrested after the officials allegedly refused to falsify evidence related to the military attack of the 3rd of January. The information that the mission has confirms, in turn, that the colectivos, groups of armed civilians, continue to operate. The civic and democratic space continues to be restricted. Civil society organizations, independent media, academics, students and other people of a political nature or with political activities have suffered harassment, attacks or intimidation. The prospects of full guarantees to hold free, democratic elections continue to be remote. The latest cases of violations reported show that the complex legal and institutional machinery that instigated and enabled the commission of grave human rights violations and of international crimes, previously documented by the Mission, remains intact. There are no indicators as to any changes or structural reforms. A number of Government officials And military, senior military, who had previously been identified by the mission as being responsible for crimes against humanity, continue to hold senior posts in the executive and in the security forces. Legal instruments, which for years served as grounds for political persecution, are are still fully in force, including, above all, the notorious law on hate and the law on financing NGOs. These should be repealed or substantially reformulated. Sir, given against this uncertain background, today more than ever, the mandate of the mission is of fundamental importance. The mission has investigated and will continue to investigate Violations covered by its mandate, as well as identify the modus operandi, patterns, actors, and perpetrators, which will all serve as a indispensable road map to define. urgent changes and reforms. The mission is an independent organ of a technical, apolitical nature. Its work constitutes its work as a critical instrument, objective instrument to support this transition period and to independently measure progress in this field or absence of progress. The repressive structures and partnerships are changing in an attempt to adapt to the new realities and maintain power. The mission will continue its work to identify the actors and mechanisms involved in grave violations and offenses which hamper the return to the rule of law, and we'll carry this out always in line with our mandate. This is also a crucial moment now for the victims. More than 8.7 million Venezuelan citizens, including thousands of refugees, live outside Venezuela today. and yearn the chance to return to their country. Hundreds of people were recently released, or charges against them dropped. Many of them have approached us in recent months at the mission because they feel now that there is a different national security context in which to be able to submit their testimony. The number of persons and cases that have The registered for investigation has increased significantly, doubled, even tripled, and it's doubled or even tripled the work of the mission. The mission continues to gather information on recent acts and violations, but also going back previous years. Now more than ever, we need to confront and assume this investigation work, and our mission has that mandate. To do this, the mission reiterates its call for cooperation to the Venezuelan authorities. In turn, we ask for us to have full access to the country as an expression of transparency and cooperation with the mission. President, the current context in Venezuela could provide an opportunity so that finally respect for human rights and accountability can prevail, and based on that move towards national reconciliation. The mission realizes that this is a moment to step up support and international scrutiny. This is not the time to decrease attention. The people of Venezuela deserve nothing less. The thousands of Venezuelan victims and of other nationalities demand it. Thank you very much.

Thank you.

According to our practice, we shall start by hearing the delegation of the country concerned. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. You have 5 minutes.

Thank you, Vice President. The double standards in this Council exceed the limits of ethics. It was precisely an international smear campaign and the use of mechanisms of harassment like this mission, which opened the doors to, on 3 January, Venezuela suffered a military aggression that resulted in the killing of civilians, military, many people wounded, and destruction of vital infrastructure. Most outrageous of all, the world witnessed the abduction of our constitutional president, Nicolás Maduro, and the first lady and deputy Cilia Flores. We wonder: where is the voice of this pseudo-mission, which supposedly is upholding the human rights of the Venezuelans, in the face of this violent external aggression in violation of the UN Charter and international law? just a few months later, there was silence. So much for effectiveness. The silence of these mechanisms in the face of public, evident, proven human rights violations is that silence is deafening, as has been the case with other peoples who have suffered from the scourges of aggression and war. Vice President, in the midst of a stifling financial crisis at the United Nations, it's remarkable and ethically questionable that one group of countries from this council should persist in pilfering, wasting resources to sustain a hostile mandate against Venezuela, whose budget reaches almost 10 million dollars. While the multilateral system clamours for funds for genuine cooperation, here resources are wasted on an inquisition-like bureaucracy which contributes nothing to the human rights of the Venezuelan people and, on the contrary, fosters a climate of confrontation. For the people can Just to get an idea of this, with this money spent on this imposed mandate, you could finance at least 23 technical cooperation resolutions, which would amply meet mandates that promote economic, social, and cultural rights. Or you could strengthen cooperation for the Palestinian people who've been victim of a genocide. This fact-finding mission is just a political deal, where Venezuela represents 37.3% of the total budget of all imposed mechanisms against countries without their consent. It highlights the fact that the priority of certain actors is not human dignity, but it's just purely funding a narrative of permanent aggression. In any case, this mission in no way protects human rights. Today, sadly, it serves as a shield for the aggressors and a weapon to criminalise the victims. We do not recognise this mission, nor its mandate, nor its methods. We expect nothing of it. Unfortunately, its origin and its harmful record completely delegitimise it in every way. President, today, with great pride, we can state that the people of Venezuela are in peace under the leadership of President Delcy Rodríguez, having with dignity resisted every aggression, every coercive measure imposed, including the illegal military action of the 3rd of January. Our words are directed to this valiant people. We continue with wisdom and strategic patience, building victories. As declared by the liberator Simon Bolivar, our door will always be that of peace and our path that of glory. I thank you.

Thank you.

The list of speakers is now closed. I now invite interested delegations to ask questions to the members of the fact-finding mission and to make comments on the report. The speaking time is one minute, 30 seconds for all. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Canada on behalf of a group of countries.

Thank you, Vice President. On behalf of the Core Group, we thank the Fact-Finding Mission for its sustained efforts to document serious human rights violations in Venezuela and reiterate the importance of its mandate. While acknowledging recent developments, we remain deeply concerned by the human rights situation in the country. The adoption of the amnesty law constitutes a positive signal, but its scope remains limited, and we underline that it must be implemented transparently and inclusively. We also welcome the release of several political prisoners and call for the unconditional release of all those still arbitrarily detained. While steps have been taken, meaningful structural change has yet to materialize. State institutions and security structures responsible for human rights violations continue to operate, and new arbitrary detentions have been reported. Repressive laws must be repealed. We also remain deeply concerned by the continued lack of judicial independence and persistent impunity. Without comprehensive institutional reform, accountability for past and ongoing violations will remain elusive, undermining prospects for a sustainable, democratic transition. We reaffirm that all States, must remain fully bound by their obligation under international human rights law. Finally, we urge Venezuelan authorities to cooperate fully with UN mechanisms and grant them unfettered access to the country. For the FFM, what indicators are critical to determine whether Venezuela is genuinely dismantling the repressive apparatus? I thank you. Je vous remercie. Merci.

Thank you.

This was the last speaker we could accommodate for this dialogue today. Excellencies, distinguished participants, this brings us to the end of this meeting. We will reconvene tomorrow at 9:30 AM to continue the interactive dialogue with the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and to hold the interactive dialogue with the Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic. I hereby close the 29th meeting of the 61st session of the Human Rights Council.