30th Meeting - 61st Session of Human Rights Council

Excellencies, distinguished delegates, I call to order the 30th meeting of the 61st session of the Human Rights Council. We shall now continue the interactive dialogue with the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on the Bolivian Republic of Venezuela. We shall now return to the list of speakers that we didn't finish yesterday, and I'll give the floor to the distinguished representative of Iceland on behalf of a group of countries.

Mr Vice President, I have the honour to speak on behalf of the Nordic-Baltic States. We thank the Fact-Finding Mission for the oral update and reiterate our full support for its important work. Despite recent signs of improvements, we remain deeply concerned about the human rights situation in Venezuela. Years of institutional erosion, economic collapse, and humanitarian hardship have left millions in a situation of severe vulnerability. The persistent lack of judicial independence continues to be a fundamental problem. While we welcome the adoption of a general amnesty law and the release of several political prisoners, We too call for the immediate and unconditional release of all those arbitrarily detained. Lifting restrictions on the freedom of expression and association, including measures affecting non-governmental organizations, is essential to ensure that civil society can operate freely and safely. We call on Venezuela to uphold its international human rights obligations and to guarantee full respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. We further urge the Government to engage constructively and cooperate fully with UN human rights mechanisms, including by granting full, safe and independent access throughout the country to the fact-finding mission and by facilitating the UN-led humanitarian response. I thank you.

Thank you. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the European Union.

Thank you very much indeed, Vice President.

Thanks the fact-finding mission for its report and reiterates its full support. We call on the authorities to engage with all human rights mechanisms constructively. The issuance of visas to OHCHR staff is a first step to restore the full capacity of the office. The EU welcomes recent releases, yet calls for all remaining political prisoners to be immediately, fully and unconditionally freed. The EU welcomes the General Amnesty Law, whose implementation must fully comply with international law. We take note of the announced closure of the Elikoide detention centre and encourage the swift, full and actual implementation of these measures. The EU condemns repression against dissenting voices and urges authorities to respect, protect and fulfil human rights. We also express our full support to the Venezuelan civil society. We support a Venezuelan-led dialogue that reflects the will of the people and restores democracy, the rule of law, and human rights, in full respect of Venezuela's sovereignty and territorial integrity. For 2026, we have allocated 52 million euros in humanitarian aid for this crisis. Dear members of the FFM, what measures should we prioritise to ensure that human rights are effectively respected, protected, and fulfilled in Venezuela? I thank you.

Thank you. I now give the floor to the distinguished Ambassador of Luxembourg.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. I deliver this statement on behalf of Belgium, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and my own country, Luxembourg. We align ourselves with the EU statement. We thank the fact-finding mission for their excellent report. We acknowledge the steps taken by the Venezuelan authorities to release some of the political prisoners and the adoption of an amnesty law. However, significant concerns remain due to the limited scope of the amnesty law. Many of those released remain subject to restrictive and conditional measures. We stress that the scope of the amnesty law must apply to all victims of unlawful prosecution and be embedded in a meaningful institutional reform that guarantees no repetition, including reform of the judiciary and security apparatus. This includes independent investigations into documented human rights violations to ensure paths to accountability. We urge that any future transition must be shaped and owned by the Venezuelans themselves. We urge the Venezuelan authorities to end arbitrary detention, as well as politically motivated indictments. We call for the unconditional release of all remaining political prisoners, including dual and foreign citizens. We also call on the authorities to restore inclusive political processes, civic space, and press freedom, inter alia by repealing legislation restricting civil liberties. Members of the FFM, what do you see as the important immediate next steps in the democratization process of Venezuela? Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative.

Vice President, I speak on behalf of the Group of Friends in Defence of the UN Charter. We express our serious concern at the continued and increasing proliferation of reports on Venezuela without the consent of the CC, in the liquidity crisis of the Council. 10 activities on Venezuela were imposed with a budget of close to 9 million US dollars. We continue to stress the importance of avoiding politicization of human rights and double standards. They not only undermine the integrity of the Council, but also hinder its effectiveness. We cannot remain silent in the face of the unjustified and unprovoked armed aggression against Venezuela on January 3, 2026. which included widespread air attacks against civilian and military targets, and the abduction of President Maduro and First Lady. These unlawful acts constitute a flagrant violation of the UN Charter, the principles of sovereign equality and non-intervention in the internal affairs of states, as well as the most basic norms governing peaceful relations, friendship, and cooperation among nations. I call on the international community, joint members of the group, in condemning this. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Chile.

Thank you very much, Vice President. We thank the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Venezuela for the oral update, and we welcome the new members. You may rest assured of Chile's support as you undertake your task. Chile agrees that the mandate of the mission has become more relevant than ever at the current time, the key time for the country. It is vital that the mission continue to monitor the human rights situation closely, independently and objectively. Mr. Vice President, Chile has closely followed recent developments in Venezuela, including the promulgation of the so-called amnesty law. While we value any and all initiative which may contribute to the release of those detained on political grounds, we agree that its impact will depend on the process being conducted transparently and in full conformity with international human rights law. Thus, we should like to underscore that the implementation of this law should not consolidate the idea that those who benefit from it committed crimes that can go unpunished, particularly given the concerns about due process and judicial guarantees and safeguards in the country. Chile observes that the recent events place the country at a crossroads, and in this context, we reiterate our call for Venezuela to cooperate with the UN mechanisms to move towards a democratic, sustainable solution that respects human rights with effective accountability, the immediate release of those detained arbitrarily, and reforms which prevent any new violations. Thank you.

Thank you, distinguished Ambassador Portuguese.

Thank you very much, Vice President.

Steadfast support for the mandate of the fact-finding mission and thanks the mission for its oral update. While we welcome the bill on amnesty, reconciliation, and national reunification, Portugal urges the Venezuelan authorities to make sure that it complies with international standards, guarantees transparency and due process, and provides for effective oversight with the participation of those affected and the civil society. Portugal welcomes the recent release of a number of detainees, including dual and foreign citizens. Nevertheless, We remain concerned about individuals arbitrarily detained and prosecuted for exercising their rights to freedom of expression, opinion, peaceful assembly and association, including human rights defenders, and calls on Venezuelan authorities for their immediate and unconditional release. Threats and restrictions on civic space undermine democracy and weaken meaningful participation. Portugal is confident that the path towards a sustainable political transition in Venezuela must be Venezuelan-led, grounded on a democratic, peaceful and inclusive process, engaging all political actors, both within the country and abroad. Let me ask: how can the international community better support Venezuelan-led organizations to promote inclusive dialogue and a peaceful democratic transition in light of recent developments in the country? I thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished Ambassador of Colombia.

We thank the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission for the update that they have given. Colombia is closely monitoring the evolving situation in Venezuela and its impact on human rights, and we hail the positive steps forward promoted by the Venezuelan authorities in this area. Colombia particularly is optimistic about the adoption of the amnesty law. noting that this represents a positive step forward in achieving peace and national unity in Venezuela. Colombia would invite the Venezuelan authorities to implement democratic coexistence policies with rigorous oversight, ensuring transparency, accountability, and safe and significant participation of all political forces and social actors, in line with the highest international standards. Colombia welcomes the recent release of foreign individuals who were deprived of their liberty in Venezuela, including Colombian nationals. We trust that these processes will result in new actions for Colombian citizens who have remained detained in this state incommunicado and in violation of due process. Colombia would urge the Venezuelan authorities to bolster their cooperation with the IIFSM and with other international human rights mechanisms on the basis of a clear, mutually agreed-upon framework. Thank you very much.

Thank you. I now give the floor to the Senior Representative of Brazil.

Thank you, Vice President. Brazil thanks the Mission for having presented its oral update and will continue to closely monitor the situation in Venezuela. We welcome the partial release of persons who have been detained as a significant step towards the improvement in the domestic political environment. We urge the authorities to continue moving forward with investigations into alleged human rights violations impartially and in full compliance with due process. We reiterate our support to the prompt reopening of the OHCHR office in Caracas. It is vital that there be constructive cooperation ongoing with all mechanisms of this Council. Brazil would highlight that the promotion and protection of human rights must be undertaken under the framework of the UN Charter, the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, and international law, based on the principles of non-interference and respect for sovereignty. We share the concern regarding the imposition of unilateral coercive measures on Venezuela. We remain available to support dialogue among the Venezuelan political forces based on a process led by the Venezuelans themselves. Thank you very much.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished Ambassador of Paraguay.

Thank you, Vice President. We welcome the report of the IIFFM at this vital time for Venezuela. Some weeks ago, Venezuela had announced its amnesty law. However, there's no point promulgating it if there is no genuine political will to immediately release all political prisoners. The announced release is happening randomly and selectively. Venezuela must demonstrate genuine will to move towards democratic reconciliation, which must be reflected in the immediate, unconditional release of all those detained on political grounds. Once again, we would call for the immediate, full, definitive release of all those who remain in detention on political grounds. We will place particular emphasis on the vulnerable nature of minors and foreigners who remain deprived of liberty without due procedural safeguards. We condemn reports of deaths in custody and the lack of appropriate medical care in prisons. We therefore require the immediate opening of an independent investigation to ensure accountability, to eradicate torture and all types of physical and mental violence within detention centres. Once again, we regret the persistent patterns of systematic repression, and we denounce the use of criminal legislation to restrict fundamental freedoms. Thank you very much.

Thank you. The distinguished Ambassador of Argentina has the floor.

Thank you, President. We welcome the presentation of the mission and we value the work that they've been doing. Argentina has been clear, consistent, and firm in condemning the grave human rights violations committed over years by the regime of Nicolás Maduro, characterized by systematic practices of repression, political persecution.

Excellency, I must interrupt you because there is a point of order. Please, go ahead. Venezuela has the floor.

Thank you very much, Vice President. We are taking the floor on a point of order under Article 113 of the Rules of Procedure of the United Nations General Assembly. The speaker has used language that is not respectful regarding my government. This is a clear violation of the provisions in the UNGA Resolution 60/251 and the principles established in the UN resolutions, the character of domestic proceedings and self-determination of peoples cannot be called into question for this reason, and as has been established in the practice of this body, we would request you to ask the speaker to use appropriate language in line with the standards of this Council. Thank you very much, Vice President.

Thank you. I remind the speakers of the need to adapt their language to usual practice in this forum. Ambassador, please continue.

President, the reports presented by this mission have repeatedly documented persistent patterns of arbitrary detention, torture, and forced disappearance, as well as restrictions on civic and democratic space. These conclusions highlight the urgent need to ensure accountability of the perpetrators and to ensure justice for victims. When these violations are repeated and documented one after the other, the international community cannot remain indifferent, and therefore we call for the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of a State. We therefore make a call for additional measures to be adopted to ensure full respect for and compliance with international human rights law. In this context, my delegation expresses deep concern at the arbitrary detention of the Argentinian citizen German Darío Giuliani. And we reiterate our request, a firm request to the Venezuelan authorities to continue ensuring his integrity and rights, and to proceed without delay to immediate release, as well as the immediate release of all those deprived of their liberty on political grounds. Argentina hopes that the phase of repression in Venezuela is coming to an end and that a definitive path is being opened towards full democracy and respected and restricted respect for human rights and the fundamental value of freedom and liberty. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to Albania.

Thank you, Vice President. Albania thanks the Mission for its constant, rigorous work, and we reiterate our full support to the mandate of the Mission. These conclusions remain essential to document grave and systematic violations committed in Venezuela. Recent developments have shown that there is extreme fragility of institutions and civil society. There is a climate of fear that prevails on civil and political rights. We remain deeply concerned by the persistence on arbitrary detention, enforced disappearance, acts of torture, and deaths in detention. On the amnesty law adopted on 19 February 2026, we recall that all amnesty measures must be in line with international standards, and despite announcements of releases, we demand the unconditional release of all political prisoners who have been arbitrarily detained. We encourage full and effective cooperation with the United Nations mechanisms, including the mission and the High Commissioner's Office. Lastly, combating impunity. preservation of evidence, and the central nature that victims must play. This must all guide our move towards an authentic transition which is based on the rule of law and respect for human rights. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the DPRK.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. The delegation of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea strongly rejects resolution 57/36 on human rights situation in Venezuela. The resolution is politically motivated and selective, and runs counter to the cardinal principles of respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, and non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries as enshrined in the UN Charter. Venezuela has so far demonstrated its willingness to engage with international human rights mechanisms. It has completed three cycles of UPR, submitted reports to the 20 bodies, and invites various special procedures. Despite such engagement, the Human Rights Council has adopted a resolution extending the mandate of the fact-finding mission for another two years. This raises a serious concern about the politicization and selectivity in the work of the Council. We call for the immediate termination of this politically motivated, resolution and its fact-finding mission. At the same time, we strongly denounce the unilateral coercive measures imposed upon Venezuela and condemn in the strongest terms the U.S. military aggression of 3 January 2026. Thank you.

Thank you, distinguished delegation.

Thank you, Mr. President. Sri Lanka commends the Government of Venezuela for its consistent engagement with the HRC, as well as the regular UN human rights mechanisms, including the treaty body reporting obligations, facilitating visits by special procedure mandate holders and dialogue with States through three universal periodic reviews. Noting that HRC resolution 57/336 was adopted without the consent of the country concerned, we underline that such country-specific initiatives are counterproductive and do not contribute to promoting and protecting human rights in any country. Therefore, we urge this Council to adhere to its founding principles of universality, impartiality, objectivity, and non-selectivity. Furthermore, we stress that, as per the UN Charter, dialogue and cooperation within the United Nations system must be governed by respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity of States. In conclusion, Sri Lanka urges the Council to engage constructively with the Government of Venezuela in a manner that promotes and protects the human rights of Venezuelan people. I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to His Excellency Georgia.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Georgia thanks the fact-finding mission for this important oral update on the human rights situation in Venezuela. Georgia cautiously acknowledges the approval of the amnesty law, albeit stressing that it must apply to all victims of unlawful prosecution and be consistent with international standards. We believe that amnesty law must provide clear mechanisms for its implementation, independent oversight, and accessible channels for reporting abuses. Georgia remains concerned that the long-lasting political crisis continues to have a devastating impact on the rights of women, children, older persons, persons with disabilities, and other vulnerable groups. We urge those in control to adopt appropriate measures to address all human rights violations and abuses. To conclude, Georgia reiterates its support to the Venezuelan people in their peaceful pursuit for democracy and the rule of law. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of South Sudan.

Mr. Vice President, South Sudan takes note of the report of the fact-finding mission on Venezuela. We underscore the ongoing constructive engagement and dialogue between the Venezuelan authorities and the Office of the High

Commissioner for Human Rights and Human Rights Mechanism. We believe that constructive cooperation and transparency are essential to advancing trust and effectively address human rights challenges worldwide. South Sudan notes with great concern external interference in the internal affairs of sovereign state of Venezuela and in the ability and rights of its people to choose their political system and leaders freely.

Saudi Arabia affirms its unwavering position that the international community must safeguard the purposes and principles of the

UN Charter, and to strictly adhere to the principle of sovereignty of states, non-interference in internal affairs, and respect each country’s independent choice of human rights development path. Country-specific mandates should be a subject for prior consent of countries concerned to ensure the required constructive engagement. Thank you, Mr. Vice President.

Thank you, distinguished delegation of Peru.

Thank you very much. Mr. Vice President, the consideration of the human rights situation in Venezuela on the basis of a resolution that is unacceptable to the Government of the country, with numerous overlapping reports and dialogue, demonstrates disrespect for State sovereignty and principle of non-interference in internal affairs. The enormous costs of maintaining mechanisms which Venezuela rejects are of particular concern against the backdrop of the financial crisis in the UN, the development of government's cooperation with OHCHR, including development of a new bilateral framework for engagement. Belarus is convinced that only through a dialogue with the government of the country and using constructive formats of work, such as the UPR, reporting within the framework of the treaty bodies, attracting the expertise of thematic special procedures on topics of interest to the government, it is possible to achieve progress in the area of human rights on the ground. With regard to Venezuela, it is necessary to immediately stop all sectoral sanctions that negatively affect the humanitarian situation and human rights in the country. We also demand the cancellation of non-consensus-based mandates.

I give the floor to the distinguished Ambassador of Greece.

Mr. Vice President, Greece aligns itself with the EU statement and thanks the fact-finding mission for its update. We take note of the publication of the draft bill on amnesty, reconciliation, and national reunification. Alignment with international standards would be essential for such an initiative to contribute to de-escalation and to rebuilding trust within Venezuelan society. Any amnesty process should apply to all victims of unlawful prosecution for exercising their fundamental freedoms, including human rights defenders, journalists, and political opponents, and should not extend to those responsible for serious human rights violations or crimes under international law. Accountability, truth-seeking, reparation for victims, and guarantees of non-recurrence are essential components of any credible transition justice process. We reiterate our call for the immediate release of all those arbitrarily detained, for clarification of the fate and whereabouts of disappeared persons, and for full and unhindered cooperation with the Office of the High Commissioner and the UN mechanisms. Respect for human rights, the rule of law, and democratic institutions constitutes the only sustainable path toward national reconciliation and stability in Venezuela. In this context, meaningful and inclusive steps towards a democratic transition are essential to restore public trust and to advance national reconciliation. I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the Senior Representative at the LAOPIR.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. The La Paz commends the Bolivian Republic of Venezuela for its commitment towards fulfilling its international human rights obligations and its continued cooperation with the Office of the High Commissioner, Human Rights Council, and its mechanism. My delegation firmly believes that Any initiative imposed by the Council without the consent of the country concerned is unproductive and does not contribute to any substantive outcome for the promotion and protection of human rights in the country. In this regard, we emphasize the importance of adhering to the universal principles of mutual respect, impartiality, and non-politicization and non-interference in internal affairs of states as enshrined in the UN Charter. The LAPII encourages the Council to maintain constructive dialogue and cooperation with the Government of Venezuela to advance the human rights of the Venezuelan people, including their right to development. I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the Senior Representative of Eritrea.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. This dialogue is taking place against the backdrop of the illegal attack that was carried out against Venezuela earlier this year. These developments should remind this Council of the importance of consistency, credibility, and adherence to the principles of the Charter of the United Nations. The double standards within this Council are increasingly stark. It is difficult to reconcile the Council’s credibility when it remains unable to clearly denounce actions that run contrary to international law and the Charter, while continuing to advance selective approaches to human rights situations. The resolution targeting Venezuela remains among the most resource-intensive mandates adopted in recent years. The fact-finding mission established under this resolution carries a budget closer to 10 million US dollars over its two-year duration. Selective country-specific mandates that consume a substantial resources risk reinforcing perceptions of politicization and undermine confidence in the Council's impartiality. Eritrea reiterates its solidarity with Venezuela and reaffirms its commitment to defending the principles of sovereignty, non-interference, and self-determination that must underpin the work of this Council. I thank you, Mr. Vice President.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Germany.

Thank you very much indeed, Mr. Vice President. We'd like to thank the members of the fact-finding mission for their work. Especially in these times, their mandate remains essential to document violations, to preserve evidence, and to support victims in their pursuit of justice. Let me turn to the situation in Venezuela. We welcome the release of political prisoners and the recently adopted general amnesty law. At the same time, we remain concerned about continued arbitrary detention for political reasons, including of opposition members, journalists, human rights defenders, and civil society actors. All political prisoners must be released from detention and granted amnesty in order to pave the way for national reconciliation and a democratic transition in Venezuela. We call on the authorities to end repression, lift undue restrictions on civic space, and restore judicial independence. Accountability remains essential to prevent recurrence and rebuild trust in state institutions. Distinguished members of the mission, what immediate steps are most critical to safeguard detainees and advance credible accountability in this evolving context? Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished Deputy Ambassador of Spain.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Spain associates itself with the statement made by the EU. We thank the mission for the information that was presented and the rigor that it applied in analyzing the situation. Spain takes note of recent developments, including the release of detainees and the adoption of the amnesty law that may represent an opportunity to ensure progress in the improvement of the human rights situation if they're implemented in full transparency and comprehensiveness. We also take a positive view of the recent release of Spanish citizens who were detained arbitrarily. However, we remain concerned that patterns of restriction of civic and democratic space persist. Spain considers that any measures for the release of arbitrary detainees must be immediate, unconditional, and full, including those affecting Spanish, Venezuelan, dual national citizens. In the current context of instability, we call the primary objection to protect the civilian population and to ensure the independent functioning of the institutions of justice. We also urge Venezuela to cooperate with human rights mechanisms and restore the presence of the Office in the country. Members of the fact-finding missions, do you consider that conditions are being created to facilitate your missions' access to Venezuela to develop your work in line with your mandate? Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to distinguished representative of Islamic Republic of Iran.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Iran strongly condemns the military aggression carried out by the United States against Venezuela on 3 January 2026, which resulted in the loss of civilian lives and adoption of the president of the country. Such a dangerous and unacceptable act constitutes a clear violation of international law and of purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, and must not, under any circumstances, be normalized by the international community. If left unaddressed, silence or selective responses to such actions not only undermine the international legal order, but also create conditions that allow similar behavior to be repeated against other countries. Sovereignty, territorial integrity, and the principle of non-interference must remain the cornerstone of international relations. This is particularly concerning given that the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela has consistently pursued constructive engagement with the United Nations human rights system, including with the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. Against this backdrop, it is essential to move beyond politicized and selective approaches, and instead of focusing on addressing the root, the focus should be on the root causes of challenges, including military aggression and harmful impact of United States.

Thank you. I give the floor now to distinguished Deputy Ambassador of Mexico.

Mr. Vice President. We thank the Independent Fact-Finding Mission for its report and a follow-up on the human rights situation in Venezuela. We agree with the mission that the release of persons detained for political reasons and the adoption of an amnesty law are positive steps. Mexico remains attentive to the development of measures favorable to the respect of human rights, and we call upon the Venezuelan authorities to continue dialogue with the Office of the High Commissioner in the spirit of cooperation and transparency. For Mexico, it is of fundamental importance to emphasize that there are international mechanisms to address human rights violations, but these violations cannot be, at any time and in any place, a justification for military interventions contrary to the UN Charter, which violate the territorial integrity and sovereignty of States. Mexico supports international law. like this Council, the monitoring mechanisms created on the basis of its resolutions, as well as the instruments of the Inter-American human rights system. We call on Venezuela and all States to participate constructively in the work of these mechanisms and to strengthen them. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished Ambassador of Czechia.

Mr. Vice President, we thank the fact-finding mission for its update. We We welcome the recent steps taken by the Venezuelan authorities, notably the release of a number of political prisoners and those arbitrarily detained, including a Czech citizen. We also take a positive note of the adoption of the new amnesty law, while emphasizing that its successful implementation will require a transparent, rights-based approach that genuinely places those whose rights have been violated at the center within broader transitional justice processes. While these developments can be seen as positive signals, further efforts are needed to ensure that dissenting voices can speak freely and civil society can operate without undue restrictions. We support a peaceful and inclusive democratic transition grounded in the rule of law and full respect for human rights. Creating conditions for free and fair elections will be vital for restoring public trust and enabling Venezuelans to exercise fully their fundamental rights. Distinguished members of the mission, which steps are the most crucial at this stage to transform early signals of progress into lasting improvements on the ground? Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to distinguished representative of Cuba.

Mr. Vice President, Cuba rejects this exercise in the interference of internal affairs of Venezuela. Last two months, we have been observing violation of the UN Charter and international law and international human rights law, led by the government of the United States launching a military aggression against Venezuela. We have to have a response to these grave events, but what we're doing here is dealing with a mandate that was not accepted by Venezuela. under the pretext of intervening in the internal affairs of sovereign states. The Council could not be an instrument or tool for coercion of countries of the South. We cannot continue to waste the limited resources on these exercises that are not really effective. Cooperation should prevail here. A serious discussion on VESL should condemn the impact of UNRWA coercive measures imposed against the people of Venezuela and the systematic aggressions that have been conducted at the country. We have to carry out genuine dialogue and cooperation, avoid any politicization, and ensure non-interference. We express our solidarity with the people and the government of Venezuela. Thank you.

Thank you. Now I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. We are grateful for the fact-finding mission’s update and reiterate our support for their valuable work during this important time in Venezuela. The current Venezuelan leadership has spoken of this being a moment for national reconciliation and tolerance. We call on all parties to support this aspiration and for the authorities to continue to build on recent actions to improve the lives and human rights of all Venezuelans. In this context, we welcome the release of hundreds of political prisoners, the swift implementation of a new amnesty law, and wider positive reforms underway. We reiterate our call for the immediate release of the hundreds of remaining political prisoners and an end to arbitrary detentions. We also welcome the steps taken towards rebuilding civic space to enable Venezuela to achieve an inclusive political transition. This must include and protect the diverse voices across the political spectrum. We therefore encourage the authorities to further progress reforms which will protect against the criminalization of political dissent and work towards a revived civil society. Esteemed members of the mission, what more can be done to ensure a comprehensive political transition that reflects the will of all Venezuelans? I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to distinguished representative of the Dominican Republic.

Thank you very much, Mr. Vice President. The Dominican Republic would like to thank the fact-finding mission for presenting a report, and we thank them for the work carried out in the fulfillment of the mandate. We see with concern some of the elements identified in the report, but we recognize the efforts taken by the authorities of Venezuela. In this context, we especially praise the initiatives aimed at promote processes of national reconciliations, including through legislation. And we hope that this will carried out in transparency, openness, and broad and inclusive participations. Dominican Republic encourages the Venezuelan authorities to continue efforts to fully comply with the international human rights obligations, guaranteeing the effective exercise of the civil, political, and economic rights of the entire population. We also take a positive view of the need to continue to promote spaces for cooperation and dialogue with international mechanisms, including those promoted by this Council, like the fact-finding mission, as we build trust and consolidate an environment conducive to the full respect of human rights. Our country affirms itself as a sister nation to be ready to accompany and cooperate constructively with these efforts. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor now to the distinguished delegation of Romania.

Mr. Vice President, Romania thanks the S5+ mission for the updates and reiterates its full support for its mandate. We align with the statement delivered by the European Union. In the wake of the recent events, we express our full solidarity with the Venezuelan people and express our unwavering support for a peaceful and genuine rights-based democratic transition to democracy in full respect for their will. The future of the country must be determined by all Venezuelans. Human rights protection and the full respect of fundamental freedoms, including the rights of peaceful assembly, association, and free expression, is a sine qua non condition towards this future. The acts of intimidation, harassment, and repression against the civilian population, dissenting voices, including opposition members, civil society, human rights defenders, and media, should stop. We ask the authorities restore the constitutional and international human rights guarantees, to discontinue the instrumentalization of justice system, and to put an end to all cases of arbitrary detentions. All political prisoners currently detained must be unconditionally released. Romania remains seriously concerned about the difficult economic and health situation in the country that needs to be urgently addressed. We renew our call on Venezuela to cooperate with all human rights mechanisms, to grant the FFM access to the national territory and to allow the full restoration of OACR’s presence in the country. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to distinguished representative of Sudan.

Thank you, Mr. Vice Chair. Sudan wishes to welcome the progress achieved in Venezuela in the field of economic, social, and cultural rights, including promoting women's rights, workers' care, and social development, as well as issues pertaining to political and civil rights, including holding elections and efforts in terms of reconciliation and dialogue. In this context, Mr. Vice-Chair, we would like also to commend Venezuela's cooperation with the OHCHR. and its mechanisms, including their participation in the UPR and allowing visits by some special procedures and submitting their national reports as per the requirements of the treaty bodies and achieving progress in terms of human rights policies. We encourage Venezuela to continue their efforts. And they also have the right to determine their own needs and priorities in the field of human rights. In principle, by principle, we do not accept mandates imposed on some countries without their consent. Thank you, Mr. Vice Chair.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of Zimbabwe.

Mr. Vice President, Zimbabwe commends Venezuela for its commitment towards fulfilling its international human rights obligations and continued cooperation with the Human Rights Council and its mechanisms. It is unfortunate that the positive steps and efforts of the country continue to be undermined by the imposition of country-specific mandates. We deplore the establishment and continuation of the fact-finding mission without the consent of the Government of Venezuela. This imposition leads to duplicity, politicization, and selectivity within the Council. The move is counterproductive in terms of encouraging and supporting the country to meet more effectively its human rights obligations. The Council should engage Venezuela through a genuine and constructive dialogue and cooperation that uphold the principles of sovereignty and non-interference in its internal affairs. We also call for the lifting of UCMs imposed on Venezuela as a critical step towards the improvement of the lives and well-being of the citizens. I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of Peru.

Thank you very much, Mr. Vice President. Peru would like to thank the FFM for the presentation and light of the report. We express our deep concern and condemn the violation of human rights in Venezuela. Peru has praised the release of some Peruvian citizens recently. Nevertheless, one Peruvian citizen is still detained without any charges being presented. In this respect, we would like to express our serious concern for this situation, and we demand the immediate release of this individual. Also, we need additional information related to her current situation, and we need to ensure due administrative and judicial process. The harassment of members of opposition and their family members should stop. And also, the restrictions on civic space should be removed, as well as the stigmatization of civil society, human rights defenders, and journalists. Peru is fully committed to the full reestablishment of democracy in Peru and the promotion and protection of human rights in the country. Also, in line with our full support to democracy and rule of law in the regions, Peru supports the international efforts with a view of finding a purely Venezuelan solution to the situation. Thank you.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Switzerland.

Mr. Vice President, Switzerland welcomes with interest the recent developments in the field of human rights, especially the release of hundreds of arbitrarily detained persons, the establishment of a programme for peace and democratic coexistence, and the adoption of an amnesty law. Switzerland encourages the authorities to continue on this path. These initiatives, if fully and transparently implemented, could be important steps towards dialogue, reconciliation, and the restoration of trust between the authorities and civil society. We call for the perpetrators of human rights violations and abuses to be held accountable for their actions and call for an exemption from the repressive laws and practices currently in force. We also recommend that the authorities ensure transparent and independent implementation of the amnesty law and accompany it with reforms of the judicial system. We welcome the exchange between Acting President Delcy Rodriguez and the High Commissioner. We call for the OHCHR in Venezuela to be fully operational as soon as possible and call on the authorities to cooperate with the fact-finding mission. Switzerland is ready to continue to support these efforts. Dear members of the mission, in view of the latest developments, what avenues do you see for cooperating with the authorities? Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Poland.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Poland aligns itself with the EU statement. We thank for the oral report. We reiterate our strong support for the mandate and activities of the UN's independent fact-finding mission. We remain deeply worried by the widespread action by the government of Venezuela and the persistent erosion of human rights situation and the rule of law in the country. Poland constantly calls on the Venezuelan government to comply with all recommendation mentioned in the recent report of the independent fact-finding mission, and urges the authorities in Caracas to uphold its obligation to respect, protect, and fulfill the human rights of all individuals, especially by ensuring the most fundamental political freedoms. The recent report of the Independent Fact-Finding Mission informed about some shocking cases of torture and ill-treatment, which occurs in prison and detention centers in Venezuela, including psychological torture, humiliation, sexual violence, and denial of access to food, water, and medical care. In your opinion, distinguished members of the mission, what are the most effective measures to prevent such violations in Venezuela? I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished delegation of Ghana.

Mr. Vice President, Ghana thanks the fact-finding mission on Venezuela for their oral update. We take note of efforts undertaken by the mission in examining allegations of human rights violations, including reports of repression, arbitrary detentions, torture and ill-treatment, intimidation of political opponents and civil society actors. We remain concerned about the humanitarian and socio-economic challenges affecting the Venezuelan population, which continue to undermine the enjoyment of fundamental human rights. Ghana underscores that the protection of human rights must remain universal, impartial, and non-selective. We therefore encourage the authorities in Venezuela to engage constructively with the United Nations Human Rights System, including the Fact-Finding Mission and the OACR. We also encourage efforts to strengthen judicial independence and ensure due process and guarantee the protection of political participation and freedom of expression. Mr. Vice President, My delegation calls on all external actors to review measures that may be adversely affecting Venezuela's financial progress, as these may impede the enjoyment of fundamental rights, including the right to development. Finally, we reaffirm our solidarity with the people of Venezuela in their pursuit of peace, justice, and development. I thank you.

Thank you. Next speaker on my list is the distinguished delegation of Japan.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Japan appreciates the important work of the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission and its oral update. Japan remains concerned about the human rights situation in Venezuela. In particular, we have repeatedly expressed our concern over arbitrary detention by the Venezuelan authorities. In this regard, Japan welcomes the release of a considerable number of detainees in recent months. and the adoption of the amnesty law as positive steps. We now expect Venezuela to take further initiatives encompassing the comprehensive and transparent implementation of this law and the release of all arbitrarily detained individuals, including foreign nationals. Japan also appreciates OHCHR's continued engagement with the human rights situation in Venezuela. In this regard, we welcome the possible return of all OHCHR personnel to the country. But at the same time, we expect a swift conclusion of the new MOU between OHCHR and the Venezuelan government. We continue to expect the Venezuelan authorities to address the human rights situation in a manner that reflects the will of the Venezuelan people and ensures accountability, and to cooperate with the fact-finding mission, OHCHR, and other UN human rights mechanisms to this end. I thank you. Gracias.

Thank you. I give the floor to distinguished representative of the Russian Federation.

Mr. Vice President, thank you. Russia continuously speaks in favor for objective and non-politicized work of the UPR. Exceptional importance, the situation of Venezuela does not contribute to that. forces that continue to keep afloat the Venezuelan subject here do not wish to recognize the very basic fact that the authorities of the country have taken energetic efforts to stabilize a very difficult economic and social situation in the country that has been provoked by illegal Western sanctions. These countries do not refer to facts of an open, direct aggression of the United States against Venezuela and the abduction of the legitimately elected president of the country and his wife. This just demonstrates what the rules-based order means, something that's promoted by Western countries, especially here in the Human Rights Councils. What is happening in Venezuela is yet another demonstration of neo-colonialism that should receive the assessment, the true assessment by human rights mechanisms, including multilateral format. We believe that all problems related to Venezuela should be based on dialogue, as spelled out in the UN Charter, the purposes and principles of which Western countries have been applying selectively, depending on the political situation, instead of an ending criticism of Caracas. Countries should work on building the potential of the country in the human rights area. Thank you.

I would like to give the floor to the distinguished representative of Uruguay.

Mr. Vice President, we thank the fact-finding mission for the update on the situation in Venezuela, and we would like to take note of that, and we reiterate our support. Uruguay is seriously concerned with very serious violations of human rights in Venezuela documented by international regional organizations and civil societies. We welcome the freeing of political prisoners that took place over the last several weeks, and we call upon to put an end to all repression and continue to free persons that have been arbitrarily and illegally detained. In light of recent events, we reiterate that the situation in Venezuela must be resolved only through political means based on dialogue, negotiation, and respect of the people of Venezuela and people without foreign interference and in line with international law. We agree with the assessments of the members of the mission regarding the concern related to the human rights situation in Venezuela after the events of 2026. Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Ethiopia.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Ethiopia's position is firmly grounded in the principles of respect for sovereignty, non-interference in the internal affairs of states, and the promotion of dialogue and cooperation in addressing human rights challenges. Any action in this regard must be guided by a balanced, impartial, and objective approach, free from selectivity, politicization, and double standards. We emphasize that all countries, including Venezuela, have the sovereign right to determine their own path towards development and to address human rights challenges in accordance with their national circumstance. In this regard, we welcome Venezuela's engagement with UN human rights mechanisms, including the Universal Periodic Review process, and encourage the implementation of the accepted recommendations. Mechanisms established without the consent of the concerned state may prove counterproductive and undermine.

Thank you. I give the floor to distinguished representative of Ukraine.

Mr. Vice President, Ukraine thanks the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission for its work to protect the rights of the people of Venezuela. Ukraine has consistently defended the right of nations to live freely, free of dictatorship, oppression, and human rights violation. The Maduro regime has violated all such principles in every respect. Democratic countries and human rights organizations across the globe have emphasized his regime's widespread crimes, violence, torture, oppression, abuse of all basic freedoms, stolen votes, and destruction of democracy and the rule of law. Ukraine deplores Venezuela's continued attempts to justify Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine, including the deliberate targeting of civilians. Such positions are morally indefensible and reveal contempt of international law and human rights. The people of Venezuela must have a chance for normal life, security, prosperity, and human dignity. We will continue to support their right to such normality, respect, and freedom. We stand for further developments in accordance with the principles of international law, prioritizing democracy, human rights, and the interests of Venezuelans. I thank.

You.

Thank you. My next speaker on the list is the distinguished representative of Ukraine. I apologize, a technical error. I apologize to the delegation of Ethiopia. Please, you can conclude your statement.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. It is better to us to start again because we have been cut. Ethiopia's position is firmly grounded in the principles of respect for sovereignty, non-interference in the internal affairs of states, and the promotion of dialogue and cooperation in addressing humanitarian challenges. Any action in this regard must be guided by a balanced, impartial, and objective approach, free from selectivity, politicization, and double standards. We emphasize that all countries, including Venezuela, have the sovereign right to determine their own path towards development and to address human rights challenges in accordance with their national circumstance. In this regard, we welcome Venezuela's engagement with UN human rights mechanisms, including the Universal Periodic Review process, and encourage the implementation of the accepted recommendations. Mechanisms established without the consent of the concerned State may prove counterproductive and undermine constructive engagement. We therefore believe that dialogue and cooperation with Venezuela remain essential to achieving sustainable progress. In closing, Ethiopia reiterates the importance of addressing human rights concerns through constructive dialogue, cooperation, and respect for national sovereignty, avoiding politicization, selectivity, and double standards in the work of the Council. I thank you, Mr. Vice President.

Thank you, and please accept my apologies for that technical mistake. speaker that we were able to accommodate on the list of States, and we will now proceed with the list of speakers from non-governmental organisations. I give the floor, first of all, to the representative of Aula Abierta.

Vice President, Council members, together with Alerta Venezuela and other organizations, we denounce the ongoing severe restriction of human rights and civic space in Venezuela. The amnesty law does not meet international standards. The consultation process was not timely to ensure sufficient participation of victims and civil society, whose requests have been taken into account in a limited manner, and the exclusion of civilians has been ongoing. There's also been many violations of due process. The National Assembly has, uh, refused to repeal the existing restrictive laws, and the renewal of the Ombudsman's office has seen a redistribution of the same individuals and a selection committee which does not meet constitutional parameters. Here, the lack of transparency prevails. Universities continue to be a specifically vulnerable group in Venezuela. We have documented two reprisals against academics who publicly required respect for the right to truth in the context of the adoption of the amnesty law, and reprisals against student protests on the Youth Day. These measures seek to curb the capacity of universities, as the reprisals have shown, impositions of monthly salaries equating to just 5 US dollars shows that participation of academics and universities is vital to prevent political corruption and to require truth, justice. And we urge the mission to continue monitoring the human rights situation in Venezuela. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the representative of CIVICUS World Alliance for Citizen Participation.

Thank you, President. Civicos en Prola welcome the update by the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission. In Venezuela, the repressive bodies and the legal framework used to persecute political opponents remain unchanged. Likewise, the justice system that has perpetuated impunity continues to operate intact, preventing victims from accessing effective legal remedies and implementing a policy of persecution. A recent example is the appointment by the National Assembly of the former Attorney General of the Republic responsible for that policy of persecution to the position of Ombudsperson. The adoption of the amnesty law constitutes a positive step, however, it is exclusionary as it leaves out military personnel and civilians accused of the offence of military rebellion. Official spokespersons have confirmed that more than 11,000 people have been released under reporting requirements and without the right to appoint any legal counsel of their choosing. Many victims of arbitrary detention are now making their cases public after years of silence, having previously feared reprisals. The regressive anti-NGO law remains in force and must be repealed without delay. We urge States to call for the full and immediate release of all persons detained for political reasons. the dismantling of the apparatus of political persecution and its legal framework, and the granting of full, safe, and independent access to the country for OHCHR and the FATF mission. We thank you.

Thank you. We will now hear from a video statement from the Next Century Foundation.

The Next Century Foundation wishes to draw attention to the unlawful expansion of domestic authority on the high seas. which undermine established principles of international maritime and humanitarian law, and risk setting a dangerous precedent. Recent seizures by the United States of America of so-called ghost ships in international waters, conducted as part of a pressure campaign against the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, operate within a legal gray area. Ambiguous interpretations of the right to visit vessels are used to advance domestic policy objectives beyond their territorial jurisdiction. Further, U.S. strikes on alleged drug trafficking vessels in international waters, resulting in the deaths of shipwrecked crew members, demonstrate a disregard for established humanitarian and maritime legal norms. These practices significantly impair the international community's ability to contest similar conduct by other states. One example is the interception of the Global Samud flotilla in international waters by Israel's navy in October 2025. during which at least 21 vessels were seized and peaceful civilians detained while attempting to deliver humanitarian aid to Gaza. We urge the United Nations Human Rights Council to condemn violations of the Second Geneva Convention, reaffirm the binding nature of international humanitarian law, and strengthen monitoring of ambiguous maritime practices to prevent unilateral interpretations from becoming a threatening model for behavior on the high seas.

Thank you. Thank you. I give the floor to Sels.

Thank you, Vice President. We are here representing five organizations from the Americas region. The Venezuelan people have been suffering years of repression, of protest and political dissent, the dismantling of democratic institutions, arbitrary detention, and a strong shrinking of civic space. The political process that has opened up following the unlawful intervention of the US must have as a priority the well-being and self-determination of the Venezuelan people. This involves ensuring broad, diverse participation of parties, freedom for the exercise of political rights, and a transparent and reliable electoral process. The recent release of political prisoners, together with implementation of the amnesty law, are important steps forward to rebuilding democratic life in the country. However, the amnesty law has significant gaps which excluded a large number of victims. Effective implementation of this law must be guaranteed, as well as full release of all those arbitrarily detained, reparation measures for victims put an end to arbitrary detentions, repeal norms criminalizing political dissent and civil society organizations, and conduct comprehensive reform of the national electoral system, the security forces, and justice administration, all of this with the participation of civil society. The international community must continue to monitor the situation in Venezuela, calling for a genuine transition which respects the self-determination of the Venezuelan people and condemning the foreign aggressions threatening peace and stability on the continent. Thank you.

Thank you, Guterre Flora Mallorca International.

Thank you, Vice President. We voice our categorical rejection of the bombing of Caracas on 3 January, which culminated in the abduction of the President of Venezuela, Nicolás Maduro, and his wife, Cilia Flores. We have repeatedly denounced the prolonged harassment of Venezuela from Washington. Our statements defending international law and responsible geopolitical analysis have not been in vain. The result is a South American country held hostage to regrettable politicized work by multilateral mechanisms used for political and financial purposes, far from the peoples and close to international corporations. The situation also has grave implications for collective rights. As President Trump himself said, the heart of the dispute in Venezuela was never democracy, but rather Venezuela's natural resources. The result is a nation under threat and international law merely serving as decoration. Accelerated expansion of the exploitation of these resources would further exacerbate the global climate crisis, disproportionately affecting the rights of the most vulnerable populations, as guaranteed in Article 32 of the UN Declaration on Indigenous Peoples. We reiterate, therefore, our condemnation of the arbitrary detention of Venezuelan citizens in North American prisons who have been extradited, victims that this Council needs to send diplomatic missions too, as well as NGOs. Thank you.

Thank you. We now hear a video statement from International Service for Human Rights.

Vice President, following years of serious systematic human rights violations in Venezuela, any initiative that presents itself as an opening towards reconciliation must be evaluated with due caution. The recent amnesty law and some institutional changes have been presented as signs of progress. However, in the absence of verifiable guarantees of justice, truth and restitution of rights, there is a real risk that these measures are used to project an image of opening while structures of persecution and impunity persist. There are still affected families, and they are seeking truth, most of them women, mothers, sisters, wives. They have been the most constant face of this struggle, and they continue to demand not only the release of political prisoners, but also guarantees of non-repetition. Civil society organisations and human rights defenders still face restrictions to their right of assembly and risks because of their work. Mr. President, if we are looking to chart a path towards a sustainable solution, this must translate into concrete solutions, among them the establishment of genuine guarantees for truth, accountability, and victims' and civil society's participation in any process of institutional reform. Without justice and truth, there will be no lasting reconciliation, and without a free and protected civil society, it will not be possible to build a democratic rights-based transition. Thank you.

Thank you. We will now hear another video from the World Organization Against Torture.

President, distinguished Council members, COFAVICA and the World Organization Against Torture voice our deep concern at the uncertainty which is violating the integrity of hundreds of people, largely women, family members of political prisoners. The lack of an official list and the lack of transparency in the release criteria have forced families to move towards, to live on the outskirts of the detention centers, turning these areas into spaces of resistance, precarity, and suffering. Family members and NGOs have publicly denounced the fact that they are being re-victimized and criminalized when it comes to submitting their amnesty requests. This crisis has a female face. It is women who are ensuring care in this public space, who are facing stigmatisation of the security forces. We urge this distinguished Council to encourage Venezuela to publish official lists and transparent timeframes for release. The uncertainty as a political tool of control must cease. We also request that the Office of the High Commissioner and the mission team be permitted access to the country to comply with their mandates. Hoping for freedom should not be an additional sentence, and the international community must act so that hope does not become an instrument of torture. Thank you very much.

Thank you. We will now hear another video from the International Federation for Human Rights Leagues.

The situation in Venezuela is complex and delicate. The approval of the amnesty law is a first step in systematic overload. However, it is not enough. If the repressive apparatus remains intact and the same structures that led to prison or to exile or persecution of thousands of Venezuelans are still standing, we demand that the public authorities adhere to the Constitution. This implies reforming the justice system, guaranteeing its independence, and derogating the laws used to criminalize dissidents and civil society. Victims of serious human rights violations have the right to truth, to justice, and to full reparations. Venezuela is failing these real transitional justice mechanisms with the participation of civil society and international support. We urge this Council to maintain and strengthen the scrutiny of Venezuela and to accompany the work of civil society in its firm commitment to rebuilding institutions and democracy. The fact-finding mission has been a key player for the future accountability and justice that victims have so longed for. We claim the right to live in dignity in the face of a legitimacy crisis and a political conflict that continues to have devastating social repercussions. And please understand this clearly, we do not accept a simulated version of events. Building a shared future for the country involves understanding this fervent desire of Venezuelan society to harness democracy. Democracy is the condition of possibility to restore human dignity and the enforcement of social and economic rights. Thank you.

Thank you, and now we.

Have a video from Amnesty International.

Mr. President, we welcome the update from the International Fact-Finding Mission on Venezuela. The importance of this mission in establishing the facts has become increasingly critical given the recent events. Despite the fact that since 8 January, the authorities have released some individuals arbitrarily detained, many people remain unjustly incarcerated, including Emir Lendris Benitez, Juan Carlos Marrufo, and María Auxiliado Delgado. We continue to call for their immediate, unconditional release, as well as that of all those arbitrarily detained on political grounds. Amnesty International urges the Venezuelan authorities to grant the mission access to the country to conduct their important work, including their mandate of investigating the systematic use of arbitrary detention and monitoring the release process. We ask members of this Council to echo this call. The Venezuelan authorities must put an end to the to the systematic widespread policy of repression to break down the repressive apparatus in the country, including by repealing the anti-NGO law and the law against hate and all practices which silence dissent and restrict civic space. Doing so and permitting entry to the mission would be an equivocal sign of a genuine commitment on the part of the authorities to put an end to repression and to move along the right path to assess these human rights violations. We asked the FIDH mission what measures States could take and UN bodies could take to encourage the government to grant it access to the country. Thank you.

We now hear a video from Asociación Aste Oier.

President, distinguished delegates, nobody should be imprisoned for voicing their ideas, for participating in public life, or for disagreeing with power. However, this remains a reality in Venezuela. For years, international organizations, mechanisms of this Council, and human rights organizations have documented arbitrary detentions, persecution, torture, and severe restrictions to fundamental freedoms. Although some releases have occurred recently, many of these individuals have not fully retrieved their liberty because they remain subject to interim measures which restrict their rights. Justice cannot depend on partial decisions or political circumstances. While there is still one single political prisoner, then injustice continues. We have worked with organizations that have flagged the gravity of the political humanitarian crisis facing millions of Venezuelans. We've denounced the existence of political prisoners and we've requested humanitarian assistance for the population, including access to food and medical care. These requests reflect a fundamental truth: defense for human rights is not an ideological issue, it is a question of human dignity. We therefore reiterate a key call: the immediate and unconditional release of all political prisoners in Venezuela, as well as effective safeguards so that no citizen will be re-imprisoned for having peacefully exercised their fundamental rights. The stability of a nation is not built with repression, but rather with freedom. Thank you.

This was the last speaker that we were able to accommodate for this dialogue. I will now give the floor back to the members of the FAP funding mission for their concluding remarks. Unfortunately, you only have two minutes.

Thank you, Vice President.

The comments and questions from state delegations and civil society representatives, in particular the many constructive expressions of concern and commitment to advancing human rights reform in Venezuela. We would like to clarify two points raised in the Venezuelan government's intervention. It was stated that our budget is $10 million. That is not correct. In 2025, the mission's budget was $2.6 million, and our actual expenditure was roughly $1 million. It was also suggested that we did not speak about the January 3 intervention in Venezuela until some two months after it occurred. That is not so. The mission issued a press release on January 3 making our position clear. We remain hopeful that the Government of Venezuela will agree to cooperate with the fact-finding mission, including by granting us access to the country. In this moment of change and uncertainty, such cooperation would send a strong message of willingness to engage in meaningful human rights dialogue. This is a crucial time for human rights in Venezuela. The continuing challenges and new opportunities are such that we encourage Member States to renew the fact-finding mission’s mandate at the 63rd session of the Council. Looking ahead, we will continue to press for all political prisoners in the country to be immediately and unconditionally released. We will deepen our documentation of past human rights violations through information provided by released prisoners. We will investigate ongoing human rights violations. We will complete research mandated by this Council into the role of pro-government armed groups, known as colectivos. And we will draw on our past analysis and recommendations to provide a strong roadmap for meaningful and sustained human rights reform in Venezuela, with a view to ensuring justice for victims and accountability of perpetrators. We thank you for your participation in this timely and necessary dialogue.

Thank you very much indeed, Mr. Neeve. This therefore brings us to the end of this interactive dialogue. I wish to thank Mr. Alex Neave and Ms. Maria Luisa Quinteiro for their participation and wish you every success in your work. We will now take a brief technical break before proceeding with the interactive dialogue on the report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic. Excellencies, distinguished colleagues, we will now begin the interactive dialogue on the report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic. If I can ask delegates to take their seats, please. I am delighted to welcome the members, the two members of the Commission, Ms. Fionnuala Ní Aolín and Ms. Monia Amar. Mr. Paulo Sergio Pinheiro, the Chair of the Commission of Inquiry, was not able to join us today, but he will deliver concluding remarks by video message at the end of the interactive dialogue. The list of speakers will close in 15 minutes. I now invite Ms. Monia Amar to present the report. You have the floor, madam.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Mr. Vice President, ladies and gentlemen, your excellencies, may the peace, mercy, and blessings of Allah be upon you. I am very glad to be here with my colleague, Mrs. Fiona Nii Owuain. under the roof of this esteemed Human Rights Council for the first time in our current capacity as two commissioners. We are pleased to present to you, alongside our Chair, Mr. Paulo Sergio Pinheiro, who is joining us remotely, a report covering the period from 8 December 2024 through 31 January 2026, reflecting the human rights situation in the new Syria after decades of authoritarianism. As you know, since 2011, the Commission has consistently reported with integrity, independence, and impartiality on the systematic and widespread violations committed by the former government. as well as other parties to the conflict. Today, as has always been the case, we continue to stand with the victims of all violations committed in Syria since 2011 to date. Your Excellencies, since last year, the Syrian Government has continued its earnest efforts to ensure a peaceful political transition and build a state based on the rule of law and respect of human rights. However, despite all these efforts, Syria has witnessed two waves of widespread deadly violence. Clearly, challenges facing Syria in addressing its appalling human rights legacy are really profound. and they hinder efforts by all parties, including by the civil society, which plays an active role and is keen to be a partner in the process of rebuilding Syria. Our recent visit revealed the depth and complexity of these challenges. as 90% of the population live below the poverty line, and nearly 1.5 million of them still living in camps. Your Excellencies, while Syria is facing enormous challenges in many areas, we would like to note several important positive developments in the field of human rights. The government has established national accountability bodies and national commissions of investigation. It has also provided greater space for civil society and the media to operate, along with many other positive steps. It is worth noting that since last year, the current government has welcomed the work of our commission. and has allowed access to areas that witnessed violence in the coast and western Syria in March and in Sweida in July. In this regard, the COI has prepared two specific reports on these events. The first, on coastal violence, was released last August. while our report on violence in Suweida will be released later this month. The Commission has documented that all parties have committed serious violations of international law during these violent events, which may amount to war crimes and should even amount to crimes against humanity if evidence is established through further investigation. In this regard, the government has a responsibility to hold all perpetrators of these violations and crimes accountable, whether they belong to government forces, armed opposition groups, or other parties. The COI also documented during this year extrajudicial executions, torture, treatment, death in custody, and enforced disappearances. It also recorded housing, land, and property violations, most of which were related to reprisals for similar violations committed by the previous government, as well as violations related to the rights of women and girls, including cases of abduction. Civilians were also affected by hundreds of airstrikes and ground incursions carried out by Israel in the southern governorates. Documented violations include the killing and maiming of civilians, arbitrary detention, and transfer of detainees, in addition to damaging and destroying property, which has resulted in the forceful displacement of residents. In the northeast, we are concerned about the transfer of more than 5,700 people suspected of belonging to ISIS, including young men who moved to Syria as children, raising concerns about forced deportation and the right to fair trial guarantees. Your Excellencies, over the past 14 years, The COI has met with countless families searching for their missing sons and daughters, and there remains an urgent need to resolve this humanitarian crisis and hold those responsible accountable. Addressing the situation of detainees is also of paramount importance. The COI recognizes the efforts made by the current government to hold those suspected of crimes during the conflict to account and to tackle the enormous caseload. It considers that urgent decisions are needed to avoid prolonged, arbitrary pre-trial detention, clarify the legal basis for detention in each individual case, and ensure regular review of the legality of detention. Your Excellencies, to address these violations, meet the needs of victims, and respect their rights, we have included in our report several recommendations to support Syria in its efforts to build institutions based on a human rights approach. Syria today is in need to transform its institutions and legal frameworks so that they are based on the rule of law and respect of human rights. led by a parliament that we hope will represent all Syrians, men and women, who have borne an extraordinary burden during the war. Having had a long experience in the judiciary myself, I can attest that all of this inevitably requires an independent and developed judiciary, and I emphasize from my position the need to accelerate efforts in order to establish transitional justice. In this context, we note with full satisfaction the current Government's positive response to the recommendations in the COI report on the coastal events, which His Excellency the Minister of Foreign Affairs encouragingly described as a road map. These recommendations included the need to strengthen professional and judicial accountability for both the military and the police, to encourage positive institutional change, and to implement a policy of zero tolerance for violations of human rights and international humanitarian law violations. This once again requires the support of the international community for Syria. Mr. Vice President, Your Excellencies, Syria needs to intensify efforts to build a new Syria. In this respect, we call upon Member States and the international community at large to increase funding for reconstruction and humanitarian response, and to help the Government find sustainable solutions to the economic and humanitarian crises. Without an economic recovery based on a human rights approach, any transition risks instability and the potential for renewed conflict. Building a new Syria requires all Syrians, male and female, without exception, to play an active role in their country. It is our privilege to accompany and support them in this journey. Peace be upon you all.

Thank you. In line with our regular practice, we will start by listening to the country concerned. I would like to give the floor to distinguished representative of the Syrian Arab Republic. You have five minutes.

The Syrian Government recognizes that this Council has addressed the human rights situation in Syria since 2011, in response to the systematic and widespread crimes and violations that were continuously perpetrated by the Assad regime. Today, this reality has fundamentally changed thanks to the positions and measures adopted by the new Syrian Government. to turn the page on these systematic violations, ensuring their non-recurrence, safeguarding the rights of victims, and build a state of rule of law and equal citizenship without discrimination. The efforts in this regard includes ensuring the protection of human rights in the constitutional declaration. The President has issued a historic decree recognizing the cultural and linguistic rights of the Syrian Kurds. The ministries of Defense and Interior has adopted code of conduct, issued strict instructions prohibiting torture and arbitrary detention, also guaranteeing freedom of expression and peaceful assembly. A circular on further measures will be disseminated. Syria has also engaged positively with international human rights mechanisms. The OHCHR has begun operating in Syria after more than a decade. Also, Syria is cooperating closely with the Commission of Inquiry, TRBIM and IMP. We don't represent today these significant developments in order to claim perfection. Rather, we stand here with sincerity. transparency and responsibility to speak also about the setbacks and challenges. We are left with a heavy legacy trying to rebuild the state from ruins, which requires a sustained strategic approach and time to overcome. This include the deterioration of the economic, human right of the economic and humanitarian and social situation, and the erosion of legal systems, as well as the scarcity of resources and capabilities, Added to this are the attempts to destabilizing the country and undermining the civil peace, and the threats posed by ISIS and the serious and ongoing Israeli attacks, including intrusions, airstrikes, and enforced disappearance. Therefore, any objective and balanced approach to the situation in Syria must take all these challenges and difficulties into account. Despite that, Syria has moved from the state of denial and disregard to a position of assuming its national and international responsibilities by conducting investigation and genuinely seeking to ensure accountability and justice for all Syrians. This was demonstrated in the painful and unacceptable events in the Qusayr region and in Sweida, where serious investigations were conducted and arrests and trials of those involved have begun. The lessons learned were immediately reflected in the level of discipline and compliance with RHL during the recent military operations in Aleppo and northeast Syria, despite its operational complexity. Also, the Syrian Government has exceptional and unprecedented cooperation with the Commission of Inquiry, compared to all mechanisms. established by this Council, by granting it full access, providing all necessary facilitation to carry out its work without any restriction. In this context, the Syrian Government expresses its highest appreciation for the role of the Commission in investigating and documenting the crimes and violations of the Assad regime, as well as the remarks presented today by the Commissioner highlighting the positive developments and measures taken by the Syrian Government. Mr. Vice President, Syria and the Syrian people do I would also desire that this Council takes into account these new realities by supporting, enabling and consolidating national efforts, ensuring complementarity between national and international efforts, and prevent any duplication, while fully preserving the independence of these mechanisms. This will contribute to achieving our shared objective of accountability, justice, and the sustainable promotion of human rights under Syrian leadership and ownership. Thank you.

Thank you. The list of speakers is now closed. I now invite interested delegations to ask questions to the members of the Commission and comment on their report. The speaking time is one minute, 30 seconds for all. We'll start now with our list of speakers. Distinguished representative of the European Union.

Mr. Vice President, the European Union thanks the Commission of Inquiry for its report. An independent COI remains essential at this stage of the Syrian transition. We reiterate our call for the renewal of its mandate. The EU encourages Syria to continue its positive engagement with UN bodies, COI. IIIM, IIIMP, and the Office of the High Commissioner, and to grant them full and unfettered access. We urge all actors to uphold international law and universal human rights, with particular attention to women's and children's rights. The EU calls upon the authorities to ensure the full participation of women in political life and society. The rights of all Syrians, without distinction of any kind, including those based on gender, ethnicity or religion must be respected and protected. We support a transition free from foreign interference. All those responsible for violations and abuses of human rights, past and present, must be held accountable. A transitional justice process and a pluralistic civil space are key for the success of the ongoing transition. Now, the question for the commissioners: How can we best support Syrian capacities to ensure comprehensive transitional justice? I thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished.

Representative of Lithuania on behalf of a group of countries.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. I speak on behalf of the Nordic and Baltic States. After decades of atrocities, devastating conflicts, and repression, Syria stands at a pivotal moment. The decisions made today will shape Syria’s human rights landscape and overall stability for generations. Sustainable peace and reconciliation depend fundamentally on transitional justice and the protection of human rights, particularly for women and children. We welcome the recent progress made by the interim government in creating an inclusive and democratic Syria, and we acknowledge the ambition to continue doing so. We remain, however, concerned by reports of grave human rights violations perpetrated by various actors throughout 2025 and in early 2026. We call on all actors to avoid any further violence, protect civilians, and uphold international humanitarian and human rights law. Furthermore, we encourage the authorities to support the mandate renewal of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Syria. We urge the Syrian authorities to fully cooperate with human rights monitoring mechanisms and grant them unhindered access to investigate all alleged violations.

I thank you. Thank you. I give the floor to distinguished representative of Bahrain, speaking on behalf of the Cooperation Council of the Arab States of the Gulf.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. Our countries would like to reiterate the importance of respecting the sovereignty of the brotherly Syrian Arab Republic, its independence, territorial integrity, and refusal of interference in its internal affairs, as per UN principles. Syria's peace and stability are a basis for the stability of the region. Our countries reiterate the importance of protecting the civilians, respecting diversity, rejecting extremism, and intimidation, giving priority to the language of dialogue and in a way that will preserve Syria’s cohesion. We welcome all the steps taken by Syria in order to preserve its stability and security and to continue the process of rebuilding Syria and to achieving unity and solidarity. We commend all the efforts that led to lifting the sanctions imposed on Syria and all other initiatives that will promote its reconstruction, including investments in megaprojects and energy projects that will promote its economy and reinforce the Syrian people's confidence in its future. We reiterate our support to all initiatives that will preserve Syria's independence and fulfill its people's ambitions and aspirations to development and security. Shukran.

I give the floor to the Ambassador of Belgium.

Mr. President, Belgium aligns itself with the EU statement and reiterates its support for the mandate of the COI no more than ever. We appreciate its tireless efforts, including its most recent country visit. Continued open discussions with authorities and civil society to address past and recent human rights violations are encouraging. We commend the transitional government for this sustained positive engagement. We also express our admiration for the dedication and resilience of civil society actors, above all victims, impacted communities, and their organizations. Authorities now need to effectively follow up and implement recommendations while ensuring inclusive participation. As we meet in parallel to the CSW in New York, we cannot leave the full, equal, and meaningful participation of women unexpressed. All Syrians, including minorities, deserve true stabilization, accountability, power sharing, and transformation after years of despair. However, the recent regional escalation of violence affecting the whole Middle East poses a new threat. We call on all parties involved to de-escalate and respect international law, including respect for Syria's sovereignty and territorial integrity guaranteed under the UN Charter. Commissioners, many international actors are active in Syria. More support is needed, but equally better coordination. How do you see complementarity between UN entities active in the country? I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Kuwait.

Thank you, Mr. Vice-Chair. We would like to support the statement of the GCC. And we also reiterate our country's principled position when it comes to supporting Syria's sovereignty and independence, this brotherly country, as well as supporting its territorial integrity. We look today with hope to the future of Syria, and we go beyond the humanitarian catastrophe in order to end it. The protection of civilians, protecting the Syrian cohesion are the foundations of our vision for the stability in the region. In this context, we commend the positive efforts taken by Syria in order to promote its security and to continue the building of the state institutions, which will reinforces, reinforce the Syrian people's hope for a brighter future. My country looks to this hope and looks to a dignified, safe, and hopeful return for all the Syrians to their country. We also commend all efforts and initiatives that support Syria’s recovery and economic stability, because this will have a direct impact on pushing towards sustainable development. Finally, my country supports all efforts that give priority to the language of reason and dialogue. The brotherly Syrian people deserves a safe country that will open overcome the setbacks of the past towards prosperity and stability in the future. Thank you, Mr. Vice Chairman.

Thank you. I give the floor to distinguished Ambassador of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. The Kingdom of the Netherlands aligns itself with the EU statement and thanks the Commission of Inquiry for its important work.

More than a year after the fall of the Assad regime, there is hope, but as events in Syria over the past year have shown, also uncertainty for the Syrian people.

Accountability remains essential. Grave crimes committed in Syria before and after the fall of the Assad regime must not go unaddressed. The Netherlands remains committed to supporting a credible, victim-centred and inclusive transitional justice process as a foundation for sustainable peace and political stability.

We also underlined the continued crucial importance of the Commission of Inquiry's independence and its role both in terms of monitoring the human rights situation in times of transition, as well as supporting national institutions.

In their efforts to deliver accountability and protect the rights of all Syrians.

We commend the Syrian transitional authorities for their engagement with the Commission, OHCHR, and the IIIM, and encourage continued cooperation.

Including full, safe, and unhindered access, so these mandates can be effectively carried out in support of Syria’s transition. How do you see your mandate contributing constructively?

To Syria's transition, and what forms of cooperation with the Syrian transitional authorities would be most important to ensure that your work can effectively support accountability and long-term stability?

I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to distinguished representative Greece.

Greece aligns itself with the EU statement and thanks the Commission of Inquiry for its report. The human rights and humanitarian situation in Syria remains fragile. Unhindered humanitarian access and sustained international support remain essential, alongside efforts to create conditions conducive to the safe, voluntary, and dignified return of refugees and internally displaced persons. We emphasize the need for continued de-escalation, regional engagement, and renewal dialogue in Syria. An inclusive transition, the protection of all Syrians without distinction based on religious or ethnic background, and accountability are necessary for recovery and national reconciliation. We encourage serious meaningful engagement with UN to this end. We underline the importance of accountability, transparency, and full cooperation with UN human rights mechanisms in preventing further violations and fostering trust. The role of the Commission of Inquiry in this regard is essential. We express our strong support for the Commission’s work and independence and call for the renewal of its mandate. An inclusive, Syrian-led and Syrian-owned political process remains central to sustainable peace, ensuring that all components of Syrian society feel protected and meaningfully represented. Greece reiterates its firm support for Syria’s sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity, and for a peaceful and inclusive transition in the country. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished Ambassador of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Thank you, Chair. The UK would like to start by thanking the Commissioners for their work. Fifteen months have passed since the fall of the Assad regime, a regime defined by brutality and systematic abuse. We commend them for their ongoing work to ensure these crimes are neither hidden or forgotten, giving voice to victims and laying bare the scale of the suffering endured. This transparency creates the preconditions for healing, stability, peace, and the rebuilding of society. That is something I believe every member in this room wants. The UK believes that without your work, that will not be possible. It is a necessary, but of course not sufficient, criteria. In this light, we strongly welcome the Government’s engagement with the Commission and the steps taken to embed human rights in the foundations of the new Syria, including on transitional justice, missing persons, and the opening of civic space. Syrian civil society, long the driver of accountability, must be able to operate freely, safely, and without fear. The Government of Syria’s cooperation with the COI is to be strongly commended. We know this is not easy, but we urge it to continue. However, this period has also been marked by deeply troubling sectarian violence in the coastal regions in Sueda, the taking of lives of nearly 3,000 people. National investigations and those of the Commission are vital, as are the initiation of judicial processes to hold perpetrators to account. These must now translate to transparency, accountability, security sector reform, and engagement with affected communities. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to distinguished representative Jordan.

In the name of God, the Merciful and the Compassionate. President, we would like to thank the Commission on Syria for the presentation. The Council meets today to reaffirm that security, national stability, the preservation of unity, sovereignty, territorial integrity, and the rights of the people are crucial elements that are interdependent. Jordan is side by side with Syria in the process of reconstruction, and in order to guarantee sovereignty and safety of Syrian citizens while preserving the rights of all citizens, we stress the importance of supporting state institutions and build their capacities to assume the relevant responsibilities. I think that will reflect positively on the security situation and living conditions and ensure the protection of civilians. We reiterate our condemnation of the attacks of Israel against Syria and the intervention of Israel in the country. This represents a violation of international law, undermining the sovereignty of Syria and a threat to stability and security. We insist on the need for Israel to immediately withdraw its forces in line with disengagement agreements of 1974. We need to create the conditions for the voluntary return in a sustainable manner of Syrian refugees, and the international community should support Syria. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to distinguished Ambassador of Malta.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Malta aligns with the EU statement and thank all members of the Commission of Inquiry for their relentless work in the pursuit of justice and accountability. The Commission’s accumulated findings over the years presents a stark picture of grave human rights violations committed under the former Assad government. These violations need to be fully investigated and those responsible must be held accountable through a credible judicial process. In this regard, we welcome the commitments made by the transitional authorities to establish an investigative committee. The swift collapse of the Assad government last December has presented a unique opportunity for Syria and all Syrians. After decades of oppressive rule, the Syrian people deserve closure, accountability, and the opportunity to rebuild a society grounded in dignity and rights. As Syria moves forward with this transition, we encourage the authorities to continue engaging constructively with the mechanisms already available within the United Nations system. This process must remain Syrian-led and Syrian-owned, while firmly anchored in international human rights standards that can help secure a stable, inclusive, and peaceful future. Particular attention must also be given to children, whose protection and recovery will be essential for sustainable peace. Members of the Commission, in your assessment, which immediate steps by the Syrian authorities are most critical to safeguard accountability and prevent the recurrence of past abuses? I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to distinguished representative of Australia.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Australia thanks the Commission for its continued reporting on the human rights situation in Syria. Since the fall of the Assad regime, we recognize the Syrian transitional government's efforts to stabilize and rebuild the country, including through establishing a National Commission for Transitional Justice, working to restore basic services and infrastructure, and working to re-establish Syria as a responsible partner on the global stage. These developments offer a positive step forward after 15 years of devastating conflict. However, the situation in Syria remains fragile. We are deeply concerned by the COI’s findings regarding ongoing violence against innocent civilians. The protection of all of Syria's peoples, including minorities, is critical to ensuring a more peaceful and stable chapter for Syria. Australia reaffirms our commitment to a Syrian-led and inclusive political transition that enables all Syrians, including women and youth, to shape their future, free from conflict, division, and oppression. We ask, how can the international community best assist the Syrian-led transition process to protect all Syrians and provide accountability for past atrocities. I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished Ambassador of Germany.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Germany aligns itself with the EU statement. We thank the Commission of Inquiry for the report and the presentation today. Three points from our side.

First.

In the 15 months since the fall of the Assad regime, the COI has made, based on its independent expertise.

An important contribution to ensuring accountability for human rights violations.

We commend the constructive cooperation between the COI and the Syrian Government and underline the crucial role of the COI’s reporting in the transition process. Second, for a successful transition, it is paramount that crimes of the past, but also crimes committed since December 2024, are investigated and perpetrators held accountable.

We commend the first steps taken by the government of Syria in this regard.

Third, Germany stands by its commitment to support Syria in its transition process. Inclusivity remains key for this. The future of the country must lie in the hands of all Syrians. regardless of their ethnic background, religion, or gender. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Qatar.

Granted by, we would like to welcome the wide access granted by the Syrian government to the COI, the cooperation with it, which will complement the national efforts with the efforts of the COI in supporting the investigations. Syria has witnessed long decades of disruption and conflicts. Their impact is still vivid today, which makes the reconstruction of national institutions and their management a complicated task that will require lots of time. In addition to supporting the national capacities, we commend in this effort the efforts of the Syrian Government and their cooperation with the various UN mechanisms, including the establishment of national committees on transitional justice and missing persons. We welcome the latest agreement on integrating SDF in the Syrian army. This is a positive step towards promoting stability and national cohesion and rebuilding a state of institutions. We call upon the international community to continue supporting technical and humanitarian and development assistance to Syria, lift sanctions, take measures to stop Israeli attacks, and to end the Israeli occupation of Syria. Thank you, Mr. Vice Chair.

Thank you. I give the floor to the Ambassador of Canada.

Thank you, Vice President. Canada commends the Commission of Inquiry for its important work. Last year, the Syrian people, headed by the transitional Syrian government, took measures, significant measures, moving towards a future free of the systematic atrocities of the Assad regime. Although challenges remain, Canada hails the initial reforms undertaken by Syria and recognizes the importance of constructive involvement with OHCHR, the IIIM, and the IIMP. Accountability for all crimes is vital. Canada condemns all violence against civilians, including the Alawite, Druze, and Kurd communities. In order to support economic recovery of Syria, Canada in February removed sectoral sanctions and withdrew 24 entities and one person from our list and introduced new criteria regarding human rights threats against stability. Canada remains determined to address Syria’s humanitarian needs and has provided over $800 million since 2006. We stress the importance of protecting civilians, of holding all perpetrators accountable and to supporting accountability. Commission members, how can the Commission support transparent mechanisms for accountability of perpetrators of crimes? Thank you.

Thank you. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Turkey.

Mr. Vice-President, Turkey stands in full solidarity with Syria and Syrian people. The territorial integrity and unity of Syria must be preserved. All relevant stakeholders must act with responsibility not to impair the unity of Syria. A new era has started in Syria. As international community, we should acknowledge that and support the will of the Syrian people. Syrian government has demonstrated its commitment to human rights and accountability. The establishment of national inquiry commissions, as well as commissions on missing persons and transitional justice, are of crucial importance. We welcome these steps. Mr. Vice President, Türkiye helped keep the Commission of Inquiry going even during the years it did not have access to Syria. But today, recognizing the new reality on the ground and as a member of the core group, Türkiye is not convinced that another extension of the mandate of the Commission of Inquiry is the only nor the best way to monitor and support human rights in Syria. The mandate adopted 15 years ago was indeed outdated, so this draft, in its current form, is a significant improvement. However, we should be careful about keeping open-ended and outdated mechanisms without any clear sunset clause. Thank you.

Thank you.

Thank you, sir. France thanks the Commission of Inquiry for its support and reiterates its support to the mandate. The work of your commission, as well as the IIM and the IIMP, play an important role in combating impunity and shedding light on the fate of those disappeared. We welcome the availability of the Syrian authorities to cooperate with these mechanisms and the OHCHR. We would voice the wish that in this context, access of your commission to Syrian territory be strengthened and made more long-lasting. France reiterates its to an independent Syrian justice system. Training for judicial capacity in Syria is a vital and complementary lever to ensure respect for human rights and to combat impunity. France and Syria are cooperating on this goal. Proof of this is the visit in February to Paris by a Syrian delegation headed by the Deputy Minister for Justice and the Syrian Prosecutor General. The process towards a peaceful political transition must enable the construction of a Syria that is unified, sovereign, and inclusive. The rights of all Syrians, without distinction, including those based on sex, ethnic origin, or religion, must be respected and protected. France would call for effective participation of women in political life, which is key to ensure the country's stability. Thank you.

Thank you. Cyprus is up.

Mr Vice President, Cyprus aligns itself with the EU statement and thanks the Commission of Inquiry for the presentation and critical work. We reaffirm our support for an inclusive Syrian-led transition that ensures the human rights and security of all Syrians, without distinction as to gender, religion or ethnicity. This transition must be anchored in the necessary constitutional assurances reflected in a representative political system and free from foreign interference. The protection of all communities must remain central to peaceful integration. integration and national reconciliation. We welcome the ceasefire agreement in northeast Syria. Its full and effective implementation is essential for preserving Syria’s unity while safeguarding Kurdish rights. We remain concerned by reports of summary executions and violence in these areas. We acknowledge steps taken towards transitional justice, including the establishment of the Transitional Justice Commission. However, a credible process must guarantee full accountability, including on the reported atrocities and abuses in Hama and Sweida. In this regard, we call on the transitional authorities to continue cooperating with all UN-mandated mechanisms and to grant them unrestricted access, ensuring compliance with international human rights law and putting an end to impunity. Commissioners, in what ways can the independence of your mandate be further strengthened? I thank you.

Thank you. The distinguished representative of Switzerland has the floor.

Vice President, Switzerland thanks the Commission of Inquiry for the report. It is vital that a national process addressing the past be undertaken in Syria. Combating impunity and accountability for international crimes are vital to establish lasting peace and to restore trust among communities. Switzerland hails efforts undertaken by the Syrian authorities in that direction, particularly by the creation of a national commission for transitional justice as well as the independent commission of inquiry into the events of March 2025 on the Syrian side. Credible, inclusive Syrian initiatives are vital to undertake a genuine national process addressing the past, and to that end, complementarity with international mechanisms such as the Independent Impartial International Mechanism, as well as with the jurisdictions of other states, remain vital to combat impunity and to ensure that perpetrators of international crimes be brought to justice. Switzerland therefore supports the renewal of the mandate of the Commission and encourages the Syrian authorities to fully cooperate with international mechanisms. Turning to the experts members of the Commission, in order to ensure an inclusive, peaceful transition in Syria, what priority measures should be put in place over the next few months to ensure the rights of all component parts of Syrian society? Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished Ambassador of Italy.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Italy aligns itself with the EU statement and thanks the Commission of Inquiry for its latest report and essential work. We reiterate the importance of renewing its mandate and ensuring full cooperation with relevant UN mechanisms, including the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism and Independent Institution on Missing Persons.

Italy

encourages the Syrian transitional authorities to continue engaging constructively with the United Nations and to advance a Syrian-led and Syrian-owned political transition that guarantees the full enjoyment of human rights for all Syrians. An inclusive process will be crucial for reconciliation and long-term stability. We stress the need to protect civilians, prevent further violence, and uphold international humanitarian law and international human rights law. Italy will continue to stand by the Syrian people, including through humanitarian assistance and support for recovery efforts. Distinguished commissioners, in your view, how can the international community best support Syrian actors in advancing a transition respectful of all different components of society?

Thank you. I now give the floor to

the distinguished representative of Austria.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Austria aligns itself with the EU statement and thanks the Commission for its report. Let me express Austria's full support to the work of the COI and the renewal of its mandate, since independent oversight is a crucial component of Syria's path towards justice, accountability, and peace. We welcome the engagement of the Syrian transitional authorities with the COI and the establishment of the National Commissions on Transitional Justice and on Missing Persons. Transitional justice will be key to achieving sustainable peace through an inclusive, Syrian-led, Syrian-owned political transition process with meaningful participation of Syrian women. An effective transitional justice process must deliver on truth, justice, reparations, and non-repetition for all Syrians, regardless of their origin or affiliation. The ultimate goal must be to restore prospects for the entire Syrian population and enable the return of refugees. In this context, Austria welcomes the lifting of the EU, UN, and US sanctions in order to support economic reconstruction in Syria. Despite the progress made, Austria remains concerned about past and present violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law in Syria. All those responsible must be held accountable and face justice, with particular attention to violations of the rights of women and children, including gender-based violence and discriminatory legislation. Dear Commissioners, could you elaborate on how the international community can best support Syrian capacities to ensure inclusive transitional justice, including the meaningful participation of women and civil society? I thank you.

Thank you. The distinguished representative of Albania has the floor.

Vice President, Albania thanks the Commission of Inquiry and hails its work, which seeks to ensure responsibility and justice for victims. and supports the comprehensive renewal of the mandate of the COA. Following decades of an oppressive regime and more than 14 years of a devastating conflict, the fall of the Assad regime in December 2024 marked a turning point for Syria. However, despite certain measures taken by the transitional authorities, the human rights situation remains deeply concerning and the country continues to face grave risks of instability and a reprisal of violence. Reports indicate that grave violations have occurred and been ongoing during the transition period, in particular violence which sparked off in March 2025 along the Syrian coast, attacks of a sectarian nature in Latakia, Tartus and Hama, and the resumption of clashes in the northeast of the country. Civilians continue to pay a high price for the ongoing instability. In this context, Albania wishes to highlight the crucial role played by the independent international monitoring to guarantee transparency, foster respect for human rights norms, and to assist Syrian institutions to establish accountability processes which are credible and victim-centred. Lastly, Albania reiterates that the Syrian people deserve truth, justice, and dignity. Thank you.

Thank you. The distinguished representative of Iraq has the floor.

شكرا، سيد نائب الرئيس.

ترحب حكومة العراق بالاتفاق الشامل لوقف إطلاق النار بين الحكومة السورية وقوات سوريا الديمقراطية، الذي يغلبه لغة الحوار والتفاهم.

بما يثمن استجابة الأطراف السورية للجهود التي بذلها القادة في العراق، والتي أسهمت في تهيئة الظروف المناسبة للتوصل للاتفاق، بما We

thank the Vice President and we hail the developments made.

We are interrupting your statement because there has been no interpreter. You may resume. Please, you can start your statement from the beginning. Thank you.

Thank you, Vice President. Iraq welcomes the ceasefire agreement concluded between the Syrian government and the Democratic Syrian Forces. We appreciate the responses from the Syrian parties to Iraqi efforts which have sought to create appropriate conditions to bring this agreement about, favouring stability and peaceful coexistence. Iraq has demonstrated a sense of responsibility and has provided solutions to prevent terrorism. Terrorist elements and Daesh and others have been transferred to Iraqi prisons. Iraq calls on all countries to assume their moral and legal responsibility to Syria to take to bring to justice combatants and to ensure that impunity is not tolerated and to ensure reparations for victims' rights. The world needs to send a clear message to ensure that justice be given to victims. The Iraqi government is pursuing efforts to repatriate its citizens detained in camps in the northeast of Syria. We have managed to return over 7,000 families, that’s 21,343 individuals. We have also put in place a strategy to rehabilitate and reintegrate them to ensure a safe return of families. We reiterate our support to the unity and independence of Syria.

I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Luxembourg.

Thank you, Vice President. Luxembourg aligns itself with the statement delivered by the European Union and thanks the Commissioner of Inquiry for the report. We are deeply concerned at the grave violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law which have occurred across the country. Recent events in the province of Sweida in the northeast of the country demonstrate the fragility of the Syrian transition, as well as the deep-rooted nature of societal silos and breakdown. The clashes targeting minorities have led to hundreds of civilian deaths, mass displacement, extrajudicial executions, and enforced disappearance. These changes highlight that truth, justice, accountability, and reconciliation are vital to establish lasting peace in Syria. Luxembourg also attaches particular attention to the fate of the disappeared and hails the work of the National Commission on the Disappeared as well as international partners such as the IIMP and ICRC. In this context, the role of the Independent Commission of Inquiry remains essential. Your work can contribute to the process of transitional justice and efforts seeking to strengthen protection for human rights in Syria for all Syrians. Does the Commission of Inquiry work with the Syrian transitional authorities? How is the Commission addressing challenges of access to Syrian territory? Thank you.

Thank you. The distinguished representative of Japan has the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Japan appreciates the continued effort of the Commission of Inquiry and its commitment to ensuring accountability for violations and abuse committed by all parties to the Syrian conflict. We welcome the Commission’s recent visit to Syria and its engagement with the Government and other key stakeholders, which contribute to dialogue and a better understanding of the situation on the ground. Japan remains concerned about the humanitarian situation in Syria, particularly the ongoing impact on civilians, including women and children, as well as returnees from neighbouring countries and internally displaced persons. Hostilities and regional clashes have caused civilian casualty, displacement, and instability. All party must fully respect international human rights law and international humanitarian law and take all possible measure to protect civilians. Japan's accountability and transitional justice are essential for lasting peace and reconciliation. Effort to investigate violation and ensure justice for victim and survivor must be strengthened. Japan supports a Syrian-led and Syrian-owned political process that promotes inclusive and stable transition. In this regard, the meaningful participation of women-led civil society organizations in line with the WPS agenda is essential for achieving sustainable peace. Japan will continue to support international efforts to promote respect for human rights, accountability, and stability in Syria. I thank you.

Thank you.

The distinguished representative of UN Women has the floor.

Thank you, Vice President. The transition in Syria represents a defining moment to place women and girls at the center of the country's recovery and development. We welcome the Government of Syria's commitment to guarantee the rights of women enshrined in Article 21 of the 2025 Constitutional Declaration. UN Women underscores that a sustainable transition requires the equal and meaningful participation and leadership of women and girls from all communities and backgrounds. UN Women welcomes the continued work of the Commission of Inquiry and the presentation of its report to the Human Rights Council. This comes at a time when Syria continues to experience protection concerns affecting civilians. We welcome the establishment of the National Commission on Transitional Justice and the National Commission for Missing Persons. We underscore the importance of transparency, due process, and fair trial guarantees in all related proceedings. Transitional justice processes must be gender responsive, addressing the specific harm suffered by women and girls, including sexual and gender-based violence. Ensuring women's participation in these processes is critical to restoring trust, advancing justice, and preventing recurrence. The Human Rights Council's continued engagement remains vital in this process. UN Women works with the Government of Syria and all Syrian stakeholders on the ground to support a Syrian-led transition that delivers dignity, rights, and justice for all.

Thank you.

Thank you. The distinguished Ambassador of Liechtenstein has the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Liechtenstein thanks the Commission of Inquiry for the presentation of its report. More than a year into the critical transition following the end of the Assad era, The human rights situation in the Syrian Arab Republic remains fragile. We commend the Syrian government for the efforts undertaking in guiding the country through transition after several decades of authoritarian rule. We welcome the setting up of the national commissions as an important step towards justice and accountability for the crimes of the past, a process that is essential for preventing impunity and recurrence and for supporting reconciliation. The UN mandated mechanisms, including the CUI, the triple IM, the double IMP, have an indispensable role to play in this transition through documenting violations, preserving evidence, and supporting future accountability processes. For these mechanisms and the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights to effectively fulfill their mandates. Full, safe, and unhindered access to the country is essential. We stress the need for close coordination and complementarity among these mechanisms. We would also like to commend the continued efforts by the Syrian civil society organizations advocating for human rights and documenting violations. Mr. Vice President, In view of the current situation, we would like to know more from the COI on how the UN and its accountability mechanisms can most effectively support Syria in advancing human rights during this transition, and how the Commission sees its own role evolving in this regard. I thank you.

Thank you, the distinguished representative. Romania has the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Romania aligns with the EU statement. We want to thank the Commission for their continued reporting and wish the new member success in accomplishing their mandate. As a country with a similar experience in uprising against totalitarian rule, we understand the massive challenges of transition to state building, democracy, and the rule of law in Syria. We have also witnessed how a difficult economic reality can give rise to popular frustrations. We echo the warning by the High Commissioner and the COI that the hard-won hopes of the Syrians must be met with serious investment in constitutional reform, transitional justice, and economic recovery. We recognize the significant gains achieved so far, but share the concern that this could be lost as long as tensions within Syrian society remain high. The violence in the coastal areas, Suwayda region, Homs, or Damascus are stark reminders in this regard. The interim authorities must address the deep concerns of minority communities through a meaningful and inclusive political transition and accountability. We encourage Syria to capitalize on the offers of support and technical cooperation from the international community, including OHCHR, towards the establishment of human rights-compliant institutions and democratic governance. I thank you, Mr. Vice President.

Thank you, the Brazilian representative of Brazil.

Thank you, Vice President.

Brazil welcomes the appointment of the new members of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Syria. We recognize this challenging moment as Syria deals with a complex political transition and the need for accountability regarding human rights violations and the ongoing serious humanitarian crisis. Brazil takes note of the positive developments highlighted in the Commission’s report, including the establishment of national bodies for transitional justice and missing persons. We further appreciate the continued access granted to the Commission across the territory, enabling its members to carry out their mandate. At the same time, Brazil remains deeply concerned by reports of sectarian violence, in particular in Druze and Alawite majority areas, including arbitrary executions and torture. Brazil urges the interim authorities to ensure the protection of all minorities. Brazil reaffirms its strong support for the Commission's monitoring work in Syria. The international community must continue to assist Syria in its journey towards a stable, inclusive, and human rights-based transition that reflects the aspirations of all components of Syrian society. Thank you.

Thank you, distinguished ambassador. Slovenia has the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Slovenia aligns itself with the EU statement and thanks the Commission for their valuable work. We express great hope for the future of Syria and its people. As Syria moves forward, the interim government has to ensure that violations of the international humanitarian and human rights law are investigated impartially and in line with international standards. Transitional justice is essential. Syrian people deserve accountability for all acts of violence, recent and past, regardless of the perpetrator. This new Syria also needs to be inclusive. To ensure a Syrian-led and Syrian-owned transition, interim authorities have to prioritize safe and meaningful participation of all Syrians, including civil society, religious and ethnic minorities, and those most vulnerable, including women. An inclusive process is the best way to ensure sustainable peace and true reconciliation. Esteemed members of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry, we are well aware that divisions in Syria persist. What are, in your opinion, key elements that transitional government needs to tackle to ensure this inclusivity? And how can we usefully support your work? I thank you.

Thank you, distinguished representative. Costa Rica has the floor.

Thank you, Vice President. Costa Rica thanks the Commission of Inquiry for its report on the State of the Republic and recognizes the importance of this interactive dialogue during the complex transition process in the country. We welcome the openness of the internal authorities and their commitment to transitional justice, which is victim-centred. We continue to be deeply concerned at the documented violations, including attacks on civilians, torture, sexual violence, enforced disappearances, the use of chemical weapons by the former regime, and the instability caused by extremist groups, and the urgent need to address the illegal occupation of territory. Sustainable peace requires justice, truth, reparations, and non-repetition. We reaffirm the complementary role of the UN mechanisms, and we encourage inclusive processes to combat impunity. We highlight the fundamental role of civil society, victims, defenders, and survivors. The transitional authorities need to protect their participation, promoting that of women and protecting women and children. Given the recent violence and illegal occupations of territory, what steps should the authorities take immediately with international support to protect civilians, to put an end to unlawful occupations, and to guarantee inclusive transitional justice in line with international standards for lasting peace? Thank you.

Thank you. The distinguished representative of Sudan has the floor.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. We have taken note of the recommendations of the COI. Sudan calls upon the international community to overcome the challenges faced under complex circumstances. The people of Syria have proven resilience in overcoming division and challenges and working together for a better future for Syria and its people, and to benefit from the transitions to achieve unity. We welcome the efforts by the Syrian government and investigations in violations and to achieve justice, the rule of law, and cooperation with UN relevant mechanisms. And we welcome the agreement between the government and the democratic forces on a national army. And we call upon the international community to support the brotherly people of Syria to achieve its future and the form of government that best responds to the future it needs, and also to address the matter of the return of the refugees and to address the repercussions of a long war, to reconstruct and rebuild the infrastructure and to carry out economic recovery project. And we call upon the OHCHR to provide technical assistance and all necessary support. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Colombia.

Vice President, the situation in Syria, while complex, involves some massive challenges to ensure political stability and respect for human rights of the population, and thus the openness and genuine commitment of the current government to seek structural and sustainable solutions over time is noteworthy. We welcome Syria's receptiveness to visits, reports and recommendations from the Commission. This constructive spirit is vital to see the realisation of the hope of achieving accountability for human rights violations and violations of international law that have occurred in that country. Given our national experience, we are well aware of the many challenges that the country is facing to consolidate peace efforts and efforts for reconciliation, inclusion, accountability, and respect for the rule of law. Colombia would therefore like to reiterate its readiness to share its experience and lessons learned, including those linked to the search for people who have been forcibly disappeared. The recent visit to Colombia of the independent institution on missing persons in Syria, victims and civil society organisations is a sign of this, and we therefore trust that the institutional and normative apparatus developed in Colombia regarding enforced disappearance, together with the valuable, although painful, resilience of civil society, that we hope is useful to and help people to better know the fate and whereabouts of the disappeared. Thank you.

Thank you. The distinguished representative of Ireland has the floor.

Vice President, Ireland aligns with the EU statement and thanks the Commission of Inquiry for the presentation of its report. Ireland supports the goal of a Syrian-led political transition that ensures stability, security, and prosperity, and upholds the human rights of all Syrians, irrespective of ethnicity, faith.

Or gender.

Syria's transition continues to be challenging, including in humanitarian need, integration, localized violence, and external influence. Of particular concern, our protection of returning refugees and internally displaced people. We ask that efforts to hold those responsible for violations of international humanitarian law and violations and abuses of human rights continue, and that the process of transitional justice commences. Ireland continues to support the Commission’s important work to ensure accountability and transparency. We also continue to support the work of the Independent Institution for Missing Persons in Syria. Ireland regrets that external interventions are negatively impacting the Syrian Government’s ability to achieve stability and ensure the human rights of all Syrians throughout its territory. Wider conflict in the region also risks impacting on progress in Syria. Commissioners, can you provide an insight into the Syrian Government's engagement with the Commission's role in gathering evidence and accounts of crimes under the Assad regime?

I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to distinguished representative of Egypt.

Mr. Vice President, Egypt stresses its full support and solidarity with Syria and its brotherly people in this critical juncture, and we express our convenience when it comes to the ceasefire agreement between the Syrian Government and the democratic Syrian sources – forces. We stress our principal position regarding the support of Syria’s sovereignty and territorial integrity and all its national institutions, and to provide sustainable peace and security to all components of the Syrian people in order to preserve the rights of all Syrian people and the national cohesion and the resources of the Syrian people and efforts to combat terrorism in all its forms, because it’s the foundation to restore stability and to improve the humanitarian and living conditions in Syria, and we fully reject any foreign interference or aggressions that address the unity and territorial integrity of the country, and the importance of intensifying efforts to address the humanitarian conditions in Syria and to pave the way for the voluntary, safe, and dignified return for refugees and IDPs.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Dominican Republic.

Thank you, Vice President. The Dominican Republic takes note of the measures and signals taken by the new government of Syria that aim to improve the humanitarian situation and move towards stabilization organizations. These steps, if consolidated, could contribute to generating more favorable conditions for the protection of human rights and trust of the population. However, we continue to note with concern the difficult human rights situation in the country in a context that continues to be marked by significant humanitarian needs, security challenges, and structural constraints that affect the full enjoyment of fundamental rights. especially those of vulnerable groups. The United Republic considers it essential to consolidate progress through specific measures with a view of strengthening the rule of law, promote accountability, and expanding civic space in line with international obligations of the State. We reiterate the importance of the Syrian authorities to continue to support UN-led efforts to promote an inclusive and sustainable political solution. Thank you.

Thank you. Now I give the floor to distinguished representative of Spain.

Mr. Vice President, Spain aligns itself with the statement made by the European Union. We would like to thank the Commission for the presentation of the report and the very crucial work related to documentation. We recognize and welcome the growing willingness of the Syrian authorities to engage in dialogue and cooperation, facilitating access to territory. We recognize the situation has evolved favorably since December 2024, however, significant challenges remain in human rights, for example, the arbitrary detentions. In the face of current challenges, Spain supports the renewal of the mandate of the Commission. Its work is essential for the Council's. And the recent ceasefire agreements are a valuable step towards stability. For Spain, the role played by the commissions, the independent international impartial mechanisms, and the mechanisms for disappeared persons are key. For missing persons are key to inclusive transitions and guarantees the effective participation of civil society, women, and victims. Only a fully representative process can create the foundations for lasting peace. This is why I would like to ask the Commission how, through its work, can we continue to strengthen national institutions and ensure the complementarity of efforts carried out by different mechanisms. Spain reiterates its commitment to a process that guarantees the rights of all Syrian people without exception. Thank you.

I give the floor to distinguished Ambassador of Ukraine.

Mr. President, Ukraine welcomes the ongoing political transition in Syria and commends the Syrian people's determination to build a future rooted in democracy, justice, and respect for human rights. The fall of the former regime marked a historic turning point, yet significant challenges persist. Ensuring accountability for past human rights violations, arbitrary detention, torture, and enforced disappearances remains essential for achieving sustainable peace and reconciliation. In this regard, the work of the Commission of Inquiry continues to play a crucial role in documenting violations, preserving evidence, and supporting future accountability processes. Ukraine also notes the importance of strengthening national efforts on transitional justice, including through cooperation with relevant international mechanisms and the meaningful participation of civil society, victims, and survivors. At the same time, we must not lose sight of the urgent humanitarian needs in Syria, where millions of people face food insecurity. Ukraine remains committed to contributing to global food security and supporting international humanitarian efforts aimed at assisting those in need. By standing for justice, accountability, and humanitarian solidarity, we reaffirm our support for a peaceful, stable, and democratic Syria. I thank you.

Thank you. Now, I would like to now give the floor.

Vice President, China follows closely the situation in Syria, respects the choice of its people, and supports the early restoration of peace and stability. At present, Syria is in the face of political transition with fragile security and arduous counterterrorism task. China hopes that the transitional government will uphold the principle of Syrian-led, Syria-owned, conduct inclusive dialogue, advance the process of political reconciliation, and find a rebuilding plan in line with the will of the people. At the same time, China hopes the transitional government will respond seriously to the concerns of the international community on counterterrorism by concrete and resolute measures against terrorist activities and the threat of foreign terrorist fighters, build trust with the international community, and truly safeguard the security and the interests of its people. The international community should provide more constructive support to Syria. to help it achieve national stability, economic development, and improved living conditions at an early date. Thank you.

Thank you. That was the last speaker on the list of states wishing to take the floor. Now I will turn to the list of speakers representing human rights institutions and NGOs. I give the floor to the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies.

Mr. Vice President, we thank the.

COI for its comprehensive report documenting the tragic violence against civilians in coastal and western central Syria in early 2025.

The findings are deeply disturbing.

Approximately 1,400 people killed, predominantly from Alawi communities, including 100 women. Massacres across multiple governorates, torture, looting, and displacement. The sectarian nature of these attacks, with victims asked about their religious beliefs before being executed, reveals a dangerous pattern that threatens Syria's fragile transition. We welcome the interim government's cooperation with the COI and the establishment of a national inquiry. However, we remain deeply concerned that violations continue, ongoing killings, abductions, arbitrary arrests, and property seizures. Mr. Vice President, this commission's work has never been more critical. For 14 years, it has documented atrocities across Syria. Now, as the country attempts to break from its brutal past, the commission's independent monitoring and accountability efforts are essential to ensure the transition honors the human rights of all Syrians, regardless of sect, ethnicity, and political affiliation.

Beyond these coastal events, numerous human rights violations across Syria remain uninvestigated at the national level.

Including incidents in Sweida and in Damascus. Syria's inherited judicial system requires fundamental reform before it can deliver justice independently and impartially. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the representative of Fondation Danielle Mitterrand.

Thank you very much, Mr. President. I'm speaking for France. Liberté to request as a matter of urgency, just like was done in 2024, the intervention of the prosecutor of the ICC to conduct an investigation related to crimes of January 26 in the north and east of the Syrian Arab Republic. The violations of international humanitarian law on 2026 were targeting the Kurdish community after targeting the Alawite and Druze communities in 2025. It's a question of forced displacement of more than 170,000 people with Franco-Kurdish Lawyers Association, we were able to document the following violations: On January 6, 2026, shelling targeted Kurdish civilian neighborhoods in Aleppo, causing deaths and injuries, including rescue workers. On 8, 9, 17, 18, 21, 26, January 26, Several identified Kurdish family, including children, were executed in the same neighborhoods then in the east of Raqqa and Qabani region. There are also reports of summary executions, cruel treatment of captured people, and more than 200 potential enforced disappearances. The humanitarian situation in Qabani remains extremely worrying. Humanitarian access continues to be impeded. In these circumstances, in line with resolution 58/25, we insist on the need to put everything into place to avoid any repetition of such violence and targeted crimes against the Kurds. Sustainable peace requires justice. A field investigation to establish responsibilities and provide a response to victims is necessary. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the representative of the Syrian Center for Media and Freedom of Expression.

We would like to thank the COI for its intervention. My intervention reflects the position of 50 Syrian civil society organizations. I would like to reiterate the legal and substantive importance of renewing the mandate of the COI as per item 4 of the Council's agenda. Despite the political developments recently witnessed in Syria, the human rights situation continues to meet the criteria for further consideration under item 4 of your Council's agenda, in light of the persistence of serious violations throughout 2025, including large-scale killings, arbitrary detention, and enforced disappearances, and sexual violence. in addition to other violations committed by multiple actors. The continuation of these violations in the beginning of 2026 is also a source of grave concern. For more than a decade, we have had a very important role in documenting these violations and having also a credible record for accountability efforts, the continuation of its mandate represents an important safeguard to support the rights of victims and implement consistent international standards. Any premature modification of the Commission's mandate should be based on improvements in the areas of accountability and institutional reform. We call upon the transitional government to continue full cooperation with the Commission in support of a transition that respects human rights standards.

Thank you. I give the floor to the representative of the International Council Supporting Fair Trial and Human Rights.

Thank you, Mr. Chair. Your Council is following up the investigation through the COI and its mechanisms and visits to Syria, as well as the permanent presence of the OHCHR in Damascus. The Syrian delegation reiterated their commitment to build a state of rule of law. However, there is a role that we expect from the Third Working Group on Dispute Settlement, because the Syrian Government and its interim government need a support of their efforts and to remind them of international agreements to protect foreign investors, to prevent the confiscation of their properties and illegal nationalization. Foreign investors have the right to resort to international arbitration mechanisms instead of local courts. Mr. Chair, the countries that support the Syrian people have an impact, have influence, and they have a duty to remind the interim government to provide a safe environment And for investors, investors have been subjected to blackmail, their properties confiscated by the Minister of Finance, Barnea, and the shadow minister, Sheikh Abba Zaid. No investors can take risks and come and invest in Syria. Six million Syrians cannot travel. many restrictions on traders, and we would like to.

Thank you. I now give the floor to the representative of Human Rights Watch.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Syria is at a critical juncture.

The fall of the Assad government created a historic opportunity, but that opportunity will only lead to lasting positive change if accountability is built into the transition from the start. Meanwhile, ongoing grave rights abuses require continued attention. Over the past year, Human Rights Watch has documented widespread identity-based killings by government forces, government-aligned armed groups, and armed volunteers in Syria’s coastal region; summary killings, abductions, and mass displacement in Sweida; and arbitrary arrests, blocked aid, and the loss of basic services in the context of renewed fighting in northeast Syria. These are not isolated incidents, but reflect ongoing structural failures. Domestic accountability efforts have begun but remain limited in scope and lacking in transparency. Public trust in national institutions is still fragile.

This is precisely why the Commission of Inquiry’s independent investigations remain critical.

Their work is not a substitute for Syrian-led processes; it complements them. The Commission is the only mechanism that provides independent, public investigations of abuses by all actors across all regions. Its ongoing investigations have been pivotal to international justice efforts, while its monitoring and public reporting remain vital at a moment when institutional norms are still being set and comprehensive reforms are still needed. Its archives and recommendations will be indispensable to Syria's own transitional justice.

Thank you.

Thank you. Now we'll listen to a video statement by the Palestinian Return Center.

Thank you very much for giving us the floor. We would like to draw the attention of this Council to Palestinian refugees from Syria and who live in Egypt, face increasing legal and administrative restrictions. According to certain sources, many of them are subject to arbitrary arrest. without distinction between their different legal statuses, and they also are subject to financial extortions and are obliged to pay sums of money in exchange for their release or to avoid any re-arrest. Palestinian Syrians face significant difficulties when trying to leave the country, including imposing high fines and complex procedures related to documents. These families are unable to pay these fines, and this affects their safety and stability. We call upon the Egyptian authorities to respect the fundamental rights of Syrian refugees and to take measures that will facilitate their departure from the country.

Thank you. I now give the floor to the representative of Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom. Not in the room, so now I give the floor to the representative of Gulf Center for Human Rights.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. We thank the Commission of Inquiry for their update and recent reports. The human rights situation in Syria is fragile, despite the improvements under the new government. Outbreaks of sectarian violence, such as those in March, July, and December 2025, have showed the challenges the new government faces in upholding its obligations to respect and protect human rights. Widespread violations have occurred during these events and during other less intense periods of violence. In such circumstances, the move of the resolution from item 4 to item 2 is concerning. We urge the Council to preserve the existing mandate of the Commission of Inquiry as a fully independent body, along with any additional role and the capacity needed to continue to support the national authorities. The Syrian Government faces many challenges, having taken over a State destroyed by war, with over half its population displaced and a legacy of a 50-year-old dictatorship. However, one of its important tasks is to ensure accountability for the many crimes committed by all parties to the conflict. It has yet to start the judicial processes of accountability. A credible transitional justice process that is demonstrated to hold all those responsible to account is the only way to show that the authorities have taken full responsibility. Syrian civil society has sent a strong and unified message. They want accountability, they want to be involved, and they want a say in the future direction of their country. These processes take time, but while they do, the Council should continue to remain seized of the matter, providing the COI with a robust mandate. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the representative of Legal Action Worldwide.

Mr. Vice President, Excellencies, Commissioners, In 2025, 1,101 Syrians across 13 governorates spoke definitively.

Justice is not a secondary demand in the country's political transition.

It is its foundation. In this nationwide survey conducted by Legal Action Worldwide between July and September 2025, 91% of Syrians says justice is necessary for peace. They describe justice not only as punishment for past crime, but as the restoration of rights, the rebuilding of dignity, the guarantee of equality before the law, and the prevention of future abuse. 83% ranked accountability among their top three priorities. 89% said preserving an accurate historical record is important.

85% emphasized that victim participation must be central to the process.

This message comes at a critical juncture. The National Transitional Justice Bodies have now been in place for several months, mandated to begin consultations on accountability, reparations, truth seeking, and non-recurrence. Initial steps have been taken, yet tangible progress remains limited. Timelines remain unclear, and public communication has been sporadic. When 91% of a population views justice as a prerequisite for peace, failure to deliver justice risks undermining peace itself. Commissioners, How will the Commission reinforce the urgency of a genuinely transformative transitional justice process to ensure we don't allow?

Justice to drift into secondary priority? I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the representative of Christian Solidarity International.

Thank you, Mr. President. Christian Solidarity International wishes to draw the Commission’s attention to the case of Suleiman Khalil, the former mayor of Saadad, who has been detained by the Syrian authorities without charge and without access to a lawyer since February 8, 2025. Mr. Khalil, an opponent of the Assad regime, is greatly admired in Saadad for organizing the town’s defense against the Islamic State in 2015. Mr. Khalil’s arbitrary detention is not only a violation of international human rights law, it also violates Syria’s new constitutional declaration, which states in Article 18: “With the exception of the case of a crime committed in plain sight, no person may be arrested, detained, or have his freedom restricted, except by judicial order.” Unfortunately, Mr. Khalil is not alone. The Syrian Network for Human Rights has reported that the transitional government’s Internal Security Command has detained a number of civilians without legal justification. Christian Solidarity International urges the Syrian government to release Mr. Khalil immediately and to take effective measures to end the arbitrary detention of its citizens. We also urge the relevant UN Human Rights Council bodies to intervene with the Syrian government on Mr. Khalil’s behalf. After the fall of the Assad regime, Syria has the opportunity to build a new civic order based on human rights. This opportunity must not be lost. Thank you very much.

Thank you. We'll listen to our last statement by video.

We express deep concern regarding ongoing violations affecting minority communities in the Syrian Arab Republic, including Jews, Alawite Christians, and other religions and ethnic groups. Credible reports indicate incidents of targeted violence, intimidation, abductions, and restrictions on freedom of movement and belief. In certain areas, minorities face threats their security, destruction or desecration of property and places of worship, and pressures that risk altering the demographic and social fabric of long-standing communities. Such violations undermine social cohesion and risk entrenching sectarian divisions. The protection of minorities is not a political matter; it is a legal obligation under international human rights and humanitarian law. We call on all parties to ensure the immediate protection of civilians without discrimination, prevent incitement to sectarian hatred, safeguard religious and cultural heritage, and guarantee accountability for violence. A durable peace in Syria requires genuine inclusion, equal citizenship, and full protection of all components of Syrian society. The dignity and security of every community must be preserved. I thank you, Mr. President.

That was the last speaker that we could accommodate. I’ll now give the floor to the members of the investigative mission, and now we’ll listen to Video message by Pablo Sergio Pinero.

Over the past 15 years, the Syrian conflict produced one of the severest humanitarian crisis of our time. We should not ignore the enormous human cost that Syrians have had to bear and the agonizing search for their missing loved ones. Without meaningful economic recovery, efforts toward justice and accountability, promotion and protection of human rights, a political transition that encompasses dignity and inclusiveness would remain fragile. The comprehensive sanctions framework imposed has formally come to an end. However, Syria continues to face partial sanctions restrictions. The Commission emphasizes the urgent need to suspend remaining sanctions. The UN Coordinator Humanitarian Response for Syria remains severely underfunded. As of 2025 and early 2026, of the approximately $3.2 billion requested, only 30% was received. Mr. President, while the era of the former regime has formally ended, dismantling the authoritarian legacy remains an immense challenge. As my colleague Monia Ammar has noted, Syria's transition is uniquely complex. It requires simultaneous progress in several areas: economic recovery, institutional reform, accountability, and restoration of full sovereignty in the context of foreign military presences. The Commission recognizes these challenges. It also notes steps taken by the Syrian authorities toward justice, including public commitments to reform, to clarify the fate of the disappeared and an increased engagement with UN mechanisms. The independent monitoring and investigative work of the Commission remains vital to secure and sustain these ends. Moreover, Member States must refrain from actions that undermine Syria’s sovereignty. Israel must cease its illegal occupation of Syrian territory. The international community must not remain passive. as Syrians seek to recover from decades of conflict and lawlessness. Sustained international support is essential for stabilization and the protection of human rights of all Syrians. Mr. President, having reported here on Syria for over 14 years, I would be remiss not to express my deep disappointment at the failure of the human rights system to protect mandate holders, such as our colleague Francesco Albanese, Special Rapporteur on the OPT, subjected to sanctions and intimidation for simply carrying out their UN mandate. All of us mandate holders do our work for the good of humanity and for the victims of violations in Syria and elsewhere. Thank you.

Now I'd like to give the floor.

Ladies and gentlemen, we welcome the positive statement of the Syrian Arab Republic, and particularly its note of the lessons learned on the events in Sueda and the coast. We agree and affirm our positive and constructive working relationship. We recognize that so many states, including Brazil, Ukraine, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, the EU, Belgium, Greece, the UK, Cyprus, and Albania, have acknowledged the work of the Commission positively and asked how the COI can contribute. As noted by several States, we have a unique and essential mandate. What is unique about us that no one else can do is to investigate independently and to monitor. Our independence is essential where fragility and trust remains lacking. We note that our track record, which we have put before States for 14 years, is one that continues to focus on the necessary and needed work on the violations of the past and the present. And of course, I continue to note our continued work on the actions of other States on the territory of the Syrian Arab Republic. I want to acknowledge the questions by Malta, the Netherlands, Australia, Germany, Canada, Switzerland, and Slovenia on what should be the priorities of the new government. We would confirm that these include screening and lustration of security forces, conducting effective and independent criminal investigations into violations, rebuilding trust with communities affected by recent violations, and taking preemptive measures to address the dissemination of hate speech. I want to acknowledge the statement by the EU, Austria, UN Women, Belgium, Australia, Ireland, and Japan on the importance of women in this process. All of them have spoken to the resilience and the strength of Syrian women. But Syrian women and the equal and meaningful and diverse inclusion of Syrian women is absolutely essential to any new mechanisms, from constitutional to mechanisms of investigations. We welcome the statement by Iraq on the call for all countries to shoulder their responsibilities in respect of repatriation without distinction. I want to acknowledge the statement by Japan, Bahrain on behalf of the Arab States of the Gulf, Iraq, Belgium, Kuwait, Jordan, Ireland, Turkey, Cyprus, and Italy, and Egypt on the importance of respect for the Charter and respecting civilians. And we note that part of our report, which substantially addresses the obligations of Israel in in respect to recent events. I also want to acknowledge and thank Türkiye for its facilitation of the Commissioner’s exit from Syria during the recent difficulties in the region, and acknowledge their long-term efforts on behalf of displaced and refugee persons. I close my remarks today by particularly acknowledging the extraordinary work of our investigators, our translators, our political and legal advisors, our military advisor, and our COI coordinator. Their commitment to the victims of the conflict is the basis upon which our work as Commissioners, and we all affirm the privilege of having had and continuing to serve the Syrian people whose right to a future of justice and peace must be realized. Gurmelah Magav.

Thank you. This concludes our interactive dialogue. I'd like to thank Mr. Sergio Piñeiro and thank Ms. Fionnuala Ni Aolain and Ms. Mony Amar for their participation and their work. Distinguished participants, we are concluding our meeting and we will meet at 2:30 to begin our interactive dialogue with the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, to begin later with the interactive dialogue with the Special Rapporteur on the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. I hereby close the 30th meeting of the 61st session of the Human Rights Council.