UN Transcripts — https://transcripts.un.org/en/hrc/61/44 Urgent Debate on the recent military aggression launched by the Islamic Republic of Iran, 44th Meeting - 61st Session of Human Rights Council — 25 March 2026 Language: en Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations. --- HRC · President [0:02]: Excellencies, distinguished participants, I hereby declare open the 44th meeting of the 61st session of the Human Rights Council. Before we begin with the urgent debate that is scheduled to take place today, I would like to inform you that yesterday the Bureau discussed the request for a separate urgent debate by the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the People's Republic of China, and the Republic of Cuba during the ongoing 61st Session. The Bureau concluded that said urgent debate could be accommodated on Friday, 27 March, beginning at 9 AM, and agreed that the decision by the Council to convene this urgent debate will be taken by the Council at the conclusion of this morning's urgent debate. Excellencies, distinguished participants, we will now turn to the urgent debate of today. As per usual practice, let me begin with a few practical details. On 18 March, I received a letter from the Permanent Representative of Bahrain to the United Nations and other international organizations at Geneva on behalf of the Cooperation Council for Arab States and the Gulf and Jordan, requesting the holding of an urgent debate during the ongoing 61st session of the Human Rights Council to discuss the recent military aggression launched by the Islamic Republic of Iran against Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates on February 28, 2026. As decided by the Council during its morning meeting of yesterday, 24th of March, we will now proceed with this urgent debate. The urgent debate will follow the same format as a general debate of the Human Rights Council and will follow the time-saving measures adopted by the Council on 9 February 2026. Speaking time will therefore be limited to 1 minute 30 seconds for everyone., and this will be enforced. The list of speakers will close in 15 minutes. I now give the floor to Mr. Volker Türk, the High Commissioner for Human Rights, for his statement by video. OHCHR · High Commissioner for Human Rights · Volker Türk [2:28]: Mr. President, Excellencies, distinguished delegates, more than 3 weeks after the United States and Israel launched strikes on Iran, the conflict is spreading and intensifying in the region and beyond, with civilians bearing the brunt. Families across the region marked Eid and Nowruz under fire, in fear and uncertainty, and facing further hardship. The situation is extremely dangerous and unpredictable and has created chaos across the region, affecting Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Jordan and beyond. Since the start of hostilities, Iran has launched large numbers of drones and missiles against military bases, residential areas, and energy facilities across these Gulf states and Jordan. Strikes and interceptions have caused terrible harm to civilians, including dozens, dozens of deaths and injuries. Meanwhile, ports, energy facilities, airports, water infrastructure, and diplomatic premises have suffered damage disrupting essential services and increasing risks to all civilians. Mr. President, many of the strikes in this conflict raise serious concerns under international law, which prohibits attacks targeting civilians and their infrastructure and attacks on military targets where harm to civilians is disproportionate. I also need to underscore the grave ramifications of this conflict for a number of other countries in the broader region, including Iraq and Syria, as well as the occupied Palestinian territory. Recent missile strikes near nuclear sites in both Israel and Iran underscore the immense danger of further escalation. States are flirting with unmitigated catastrophe. Civilians in Lebanon are caught up in a human rights and humanitarian disaster. Government figures detail more than 1,000 people killed, by Israeli military strikes in the past 3 weeks, including 79 women, 118 children, and 40 medical workers. I'm deeply concerned by attacks that have hit apartment buildings, killing entire families in some cases. Meanwhile, Iran and Hezbollah continue to launch missiles and drones into Israel, also causing loss of life, damage to civilian infrastructure, and displacement. Inside Iran, civilians seek shelter from airstrikes across all 31 provinces of the country. According to Iranian government figures, some 1,400 civilians have been killed and more than 20,000 injured. There is a growing pattern of strikes affecting residential areas, civilian infrastructure, and other sites that are protected under international law. Housing, hospitals, schools, cultural sites, transport networks, and energy infrastructure have all been hit. As the Iranians shelter from these strikes, they also face another wave of cruel state repression, including arbitrary arrests, executions, intimidation, and censorship. The internet has been shut down for more than 3 weeks. Mr. President, this conflict is also having very serious ramifications beyond the region. The disruption by Iran —of shipping through the Strait of Hormuz is affecting global supply chains with dire implications for some of the world's poorest people. Fossil fuels, medicine, food, and fertilizers are just some of the vital goods that are being held up at sea. This is disrupting global energy markets and supplies and has the potential to create serious hunger and healthcare crises. The World Food Programme warns that almost 45 million more people could fall into acute hunger unless the conflict ends soon. The effects are most destructive in lower-income countries, particularly across South Asia. Developing economies are in general less able to withstand price shocks. Several states have already introduced energy-saving measures. Bangladesh, for example, has closed universities, and introduced fuel rationing, while the Philippines has introduced a state of national energy emergency. The crisis could also reduce the flow of remittances from migrant workers that keep families and communities afloat. There are ongoing attempts to mitigate the closure of the strait by releasing oil reserves and easing sanctions, but they have not made a significant difference, and the wider consequences remain unpredictable. Analysis by UNCTAD shows that insurance premiums and marine fuel costs are surging, increasing prices across the board and around the world. The UN's Economic and Social Commission for West Asia assesses that the conflict has already caused some $63 billion in economic losses across the Arab region. Mr. President, conflict can never be ordinary or standard. But this conflict has an unprecedented power to ensnare countries across borders and around the world. Complex dynamics could ignite further national, regional, or global crisis at any moment with an appalling impact on civilians and people everywhere. The only guaranteed way to prevent this is to end the conflict, and I urge all states, and particularly those with influence, to do everything in their power to achieve this. Our deeply interconnected world requires that all countries recommit to full respect for international law and the UN Charter. We cannot go back to war as a tool of international relations. When some powerful states are trying to weaken the multilateral system, we need the rest, the vast majority, to stand up for it. While the conflict continues, I call on all parties to ensure full respect international humanitarian and human rights law. Attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure must end. If they are deliberate, such attacks may constitute war crimes. I stand in solidarity with all civilians across the region who are crying out for peace. Thank you. HRC · President [8:51]: Thank you. I now give the floor to Mr. Suryadeva, the chair of the Coordination Committee for Special Procedures, by video. Mr. Special Procedures · Coordination Committee of Special Procedures · Chair · Suryadeva [9:03]: President, Excellencies, and distinguished delegates. I have the honor of addressing the Human Rights Council on behalf of the Coordination Committee of Special Procedures. I am here today to address the recent Iranian attacks against the territories of all Gulf Cooperation Council member states and that of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The special procedures have been closely monitoring the rapid escalation of hostilities. Mandate holders have condemned the unlawful military attacks launched by the United States of America and Israel against Iran and have warned that the expansion of this conflict is placing an increasingly severe toll on civilians, with its impact felt in Iran and now beyond its borders, including in Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Jordan. Mr. President, we are deeply alarmed by the sustained Iranian attack— strikes against the Gulf and the broader Middle East. Where drones and missiles have hit populated areas including hotels, airports, ports, and critical energy infrastructure, causing deaths, injuries, and widespread disruption. The cascading impact on economic, social, and cultural rights, particularly for those in vulnerable situations, is already being felt. These attacks have also resulted in damage to civilian infrastructure and disruption to aviation activities. Beyond the immediate physical harm, they have instilled widespread fear and anxiety among people. We are equally concerned by the severe human rights impacts of unlawful military attacks on the civilian populations of Iran and Lebanon, where large numbers of civilians, including children, have been injured or killed. Due to these attacks, in flagrant violations of international law, displacement and destruction of civilian infrastructure have reached alarming levels. Mr. President, international law is unequivocal. All actors engaged in conflicts must respect their obligations at all times. Any use of force, including in self-defense, must comply with the principles of necessity and proportionality, as well as distinction and precaution, to protect civilians and civilian objects. Attacks directed against civilians or civilian objects, or which fail to adequately distinguish between military objectives and civilian infrastructures, constitute serious violations of international humanitarian law and may amount to war crimes. We reiterate that the unlawful conduct of one party to a conflict does not absolve others of their legal obligations. Compliance with international law is not optional; it is a fundamental duty owed to all those affected by conflicts. Mr. President, the regional escalation of hostilities comes against the backdrop of an already grave human rights situation within Iran. Civilians continue to face repression, including excessive use of force against protesters, arbitrary detention, executions, and sweeping restrictions on fundamental freedoms. The current escalation further heightens these risks. Mr. President, the impact of this conflict in the Middle East and globally is deeply troubling. In several affected states, The indirect effects of hostilities, such as disruptions to essential services, restrictions on civic space, and arrests linked to security concerns, are already impacting the enjoyment of human rights. The conflict has also disrupted supply chains, air travel, and access to energy, thereby affecting a range of human rights of people in different world regions. If left unchecked, this state of play risks undermining, undermining stability and eroding the protection frameworks that international law seeks to uphold. Mr. President, special procedures are alarmed at the prospect of large-scale, large-scale destruction and violence with devastating consequences for the people in the region and beyond. The Coordination Committee joins the High Commissioner and other UN human rights mechanisms in calling for an immediate cessation of hostilities between all parties and renewed diplomatic efforts to de-escalate the situation. There is no military solution to this crisis. A sustainable path towards peace must be grounded in the rule of law, the respect for human rights, and the peaceful settlement of disputes. We further stress the importance of accountability of all parties to the conflict. All violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law must be investigated promptly and independently, and those responsible must be held to account. States must also exercise due diligence to ensure that their actions, including arms transfer or other forms of support, do not contribute to further breaches of international law. Mr. President, the current conflict triggered by an unlawful aggression by the United States and Israel against Iran reflects the growing lawlessness in the world. States must do everything possible to defend the core principles of the UN Charter and bring to an end the trend that might is right. At this critical juncture, the protection of all civilians on all sides of this conflict must remain the central priority. All efforts must be directed towards preventing further harm, ensuring access to essential services, and safeguarding the dignity and rights of all affected populations. The Special Procedures stand ready to support the Council and all relevant actors in addressing the human rights implications of this crisis, promoting accountability, and advancing efforts toward de-escalation and lasting peace. The people of this region deserve nothing less than our collective commitment to uphold international law and protect human rights by taking decisive actions. I thank you. HRC · President [15:53]: Thank you. We will now hear from the countries concerned. 5 minutes each, please. And I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Bahrain. Bahrain · GCC + Jordan [16:10]: Point of order. Do we need to present first as a GCC plus Jordan our resolution regarding the urgent debate before the concerned countries? Statement. HRC · President [16:34]: Resolution will be introduced subsequently after the debate. Assaid Al-Rais. Bahrain · Assaid Al-Rais [16:53]: Mr. President, this session is held in a critical junction when Bahrain is still subject for 26 successive days to unprovoked, unjustified aggression in clear violation of international humanitarian law and international human rights law that has affected Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and the UAE. It has killed and injured numerous civilians, as well as the destruction of civilian infrastructure. Though our country is not even party to this conflict, these military aggressions on My country has disrupted vital services, and hence precautionary measures have been taken— for example, teleworking in a number of institutions, and to suspend education and to move to remote education in order to preserve the safety and security of citizens and residents. Targeting vital infrastructure is a flagrant violation of the international law, including those related to the protection of civilians and civilian objects, and the enjoyment of fundamental freedoms safeguarded by the international humanitarian law— the right to life, personal safety, as stated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. We categorically refuse Iran's allegations that it is using their territorial space and air for safety and security measures. The institutions— national institutions in Bahrain carry out their duties in the protection of safety and security of Bahrainians. The Bahraini Air Force in the past few days has addressed around 153 missiles and 301 drones that have targeted the Kingdom. The Ministry of the Interior, the medical authorities, and all stakeholders are working round the clock to protect lives and infrastructure and to provide protection to the civilians. From an international law perspective, this is an unlawful use of force that contradicts with the UN Charter and relevant UN instruments. We have the right to preserve our unity, sovereignty, and territorial integrity in accordance with the UN Charter. We praise Resolution 2817, that has categorically condemned the airstrikes launched by Iran against the GCC countries and Jordan and called upon an immediate cessation of hostilities. We stress the importance that the Council play its role in safeguarding the enjoyment of life, freedom, and properties. The Kingdom of Bahrain believes in the importance of respecting the rules of international law and the use of peaceful means to settle conflicts and mutual respect and good neighborliness, and to promote and protect these principles, and that the Council send a clear message calling upon the cessation of hostility and the respect respect of the human rights and international humanitarian law. The draft resolution put forward before the Council is an important step in this respect, and we hope that it enjoys the support by countries and be adopted by consensus. Thank you, Mr. President. Thank you. HRC · President [21:23]: I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Iran (Islamic Republic of) [21:32]: Mr. President, for more than 78 years, our region has been paying the price for the birth and costly survival of an entity that with each passing moment erodes global security and casts our region deeper into turmoil. And the suffering is compounded when false and fabricated narratives replaced with realities, or accepted as truth, when defenders are recast as enemies. The malevolent regime of Israel has cunningly turned the President of the United States as executor of its wicked designs. Such mastery poses a grave threat to the entire world. Israel is not merely attacking Iran, Nor solely striking at Lebanon, nor even undermining Palestine. It is assaulting the very fabric of regional order and dragging the entire world toward chaos and peril. Today, we assure our neighbors that Iran will not be the last focus. After Iran, you will become even more accessible targets for the execution of serious, sinister ideological agendas of Israeli regime. Those who are today appearing as your friends will cast off their masks tomorrow. Today, the Iranian brave and honorable armed forces stand resolutely against this malignant entity, an insidious power that threatens not only our region, but the stability of the world. The world itself. For more than four decades, Israel has orchestrated the project of Iranophobia, and now they have prepared the grounds of conflict to give life to their malevolent narratives, to draw a wedge between us, and to weaken us altogether. We urge the people of our region to respond with heightened awareness, wisdom, and understanding. We fight on behalf of all of you against an enemy that, if not restrained today, will be beyond containment tomorrow. The coordinated invasion against Iran began with profoundly tragic brutal attack against Minab school on 28 February. The Minab attack and other strikes on civilian infrastructures in Iran, including our Islamic cultural heritage site in Tehran, desalination facilities, oil refineries, stadiums, hospitals, and petrochemical complexes in Asaluye, Kharg Island, and the residential homes of the Iranian people are originated from US bases in some of our neighboring countries. Airfields and deserts in those countries have become the refueling points for the fighter jets that every day drop their bombs on the Iranian people. And how could all of this happen while we were confident in our neighbors and friends, believing that they would never lease their land or airspace for attacks against Iran? From 28 February 2026, near 45,000 houses have been demolished. More than 53 hospitals have been targeted., and 57 schools have been bombarded. Today, Iran is mourning for killing of more than 1,500 people, including 300 children. Responsibility for these attacks lies not only with those who carried out those attacks, but also with those who facilitated, supported, and encouraged them. Iran considers it Israel is trying to respond to attacks at their source and to prevent any repetition of aggression. Finally, Mr. President, our message to our neighbors is that we must be united for the sake of our shared values, geography, and future. We must unite against the evil plans of our common enemy, Israel. Do not embolden Israel by targeting Iran, and only Iran, in political and legal fora. It is a historic mistake. I thank you. HRC · President [26:08]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Jordan. Jordan [26:15]: Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. In the name of God, the merciful, the compassionate. Mr. President, The Deputy High Commissioner, ladies and gentlemen. To begin, may I extend my thanks to this august assembly for holding this session. I'd also like to thank the brotherly delegation of the Kingdom of Bahrain who made this request. Ladies and gentlemen, this urgent debate is taking place given the seriousness of the Iranian aggression including the scope of the attacks and their ongoing nature, as well as the significant consequences on human rights across our region, in particular the right to life, to a better possible state of physical and mental health, and the right to a dignified life. Jordan condemns once again with the firmest terms the attacks that targeted our country, as well as the member states of the GCC, brotherly countries, we restate our indignation in the face of these unjustified attacks, which are a flagrant violation of international law and the sovereignty of states. We express our fully fledged solidarity with the Arab Islamic States, and we support all measures taken by these states to protect their security, stability, sovereignty, and the safety of their citizens. Ladies and gentlemen, since the 28th of February, the Jordanian Armed Forces, the army, have intercepted and attacked over 240 missiles and drones launched by Iran against our territory. Our armed forces, our security forces have managed over 414 devices. The number of injured persons stands at 24 innocent civilians. Ladies and gentlemen, we welcome Resolution 2817 adopted by the Security Council. This was a resolution submitted by Jordan and the member states of the GCC. This is an important Resolution 2230, which unanimously condemns the Iranian attacks on the sovereignty of the security and stability of the Arab states. This resolution calls for the cessation of regional tensions. And from this rostrum, we would like to restate that these attacks must stop against your countries. We restate the importance of reestablishing peace and protecting the region from the expansion of this conflict, and strengthen diplomatic efforts and dialogue to establish collective security, as well as the desired stability in the regions across the world. To conclude, I would call upon this august assembly to stand in solidarity with us and to adopt the draft resolution without a vote, and also to restate the universality of human rights in these circumstances, in light of these attacks which have been carried out against sovereign states which are not a party to this armed conflict. Thank you, sir. HRC · President [30:04]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Kuwait. Kuwait [30:11]: Sayyed Rais Tati. President, our request to hold this urgent debate is to be taken in the context of violent attacks by Iran, which mean we can no longer stay silent. The region is a disaster now as international human rights rules are violated. We are seeing all efforts which have been initiated by the State of Kuwait and other states of the region for many years being completely undermined. These efforts were aimed at ensuring good neighborliness and trust. We are seeing an existential threat to international and regional peace and security. The— this aggressive approach is undermining international law and sovereignty. We are seeing the cowardly targeting of the ministerial meeting that took place last Wednesday in Riyadh, for example. This was an aggression that— does not undermine the prestige of— that undermines prestige of states, but also poses a gross violation of diplomatic rules and principles upon which the UN's work is based. This attack, which was simultaneous with the shelling of oil and gas facilities and civilian infrastructure, including this morning at dawn when the International Airport of Kuwait was targeted, all of this amounts to a form of terror waged against civilians, and it is in violation of Article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Article 6 of the International Covenant. These articles guarantee the right to life, the right to individual safety. This— in addition to the material damage, repeated strikes against economic objects and international maritime waterways pose a systemic threat, the underpinning approach of which is to undermine development and trade and to compromise development, as was recognized by the UN General Assembly, and to force states to use their sovereign resources for defense instead of using them for healthcare and education. This is an indirect form of aggression against the rights of future generations and it undermines their right to live in a stable and prosperous environment. To threaten navigation in the Strait of Hormuz is a gross violation of the international UN Convention on the Laws of the Sea, and we are also seeing how the right to food is being threatened in contravention of Article 11 of the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The State of Kuwait, as well as states in the region, on the basis of their historical traditions and on the basis of the U.N. Charter, are a stronghold of democracy, and we would like to express our most noble commitment to Articles 2 and 4 of the covenant as we seek to settle all disputes peacefully. This measured discipline has been confronted with aggression, ballistic missiles, and drones in violation of the 1817 Resolution and Article 52 of the Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions. We therefore believe in the crucial role of the international— this international organization, and we iterate my country and neighboring countries' rights to defend themselves and to defend their As Iraqi citizens, in keeping with Article 51 of the U.N. Charter, we call on the international community to take a firm stance so as to put an end to this aggression, which does not respect any rights, and in order to safeguard regional peace and security. This would be the— minimum that should be done following the cowardly attacks against Kuwait and other countries in the region, and we hope that member states will support this resolution. Thank you, President. HRC · President [35:01]: Thank you. I give now the floor to the distinguished representative of Oman by video. Oman [35:09]: Thank you. We are watching with great concern the accelerated developments in the region, as well as the humanitarian consequences, which are significant. To attack civilians and civilian infrastructure amounts to a gross violation of the principles of international law, and this undermines the regional peace and stability President Oman strongly condemns such practices and we reiterate the importance of respecting sovereignty and the territorial integrity of states. We have therefore submitted, along with the brotherly countries of the GCC as well as the Kingdom of Jordan, a request to hold an urgent debate in light of the unprecedented escalation We would also like to underscore that such developments need to be addressed by tackling the root causes of the crises and the accumulation of tension so as to prevent any further escalation and in order to create channels for dialogue and to strengthen trust between all parties while respecting in the most careful way international law, in particular international humanitarian law, by not targeting civilians or vital infrastructure. President, the Sultanate of Oman is known at the regional and international level for its approach that is based on moderation and wisdom. It is known for its constructive role in support of just causes, as we refuse to be hindered by geographical borders or by differences and disputes. The Sultanate of Oman would like to reiterate its full solidarity With our sister nations from the GCC and the Kingdom of Jordan and other Arab states affected by these violations, we would like to express our indignation and condemnation of the aggressive attacks these states have faced following the start of the current war in the region. We also reject the U.S.-Israeli war against the Islamic Republic of Iran. This is an illegal war and represents a gross violation of the principles and provisions of international law. It was the spark that ignited the escalation currently affecting the region, and the consequences are threatening states and their vital economic interests and their security and stability. To conclude, the Sultanate of Oman would like to reaffirm its firm commitment to diplomacy and dialogue, which are for us a strategic choice that will make it possible to bring peace and stability. We opt for balanced approaches which address the root causes of crises in keeping with the principles of international law and international human rights law. I thank you. HRC · President [38:21]: Thank you. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Qatar. Qatar [38:32]: In the name of God, the great and the merciful, this meeting is taking place at a crucial time following unprecedented attacks against the member states of the Gulf Cooperation and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan launched by Iran with grave repercussions that are not only affecting peace and security in the world, but also human rights. We firmly condemn the attacks by drones and missiles. Such attacks have undermined our territorial integrity, violating the U.N. Charter, including the principle of not using force or threatening to use it. These targets— these strikes which have targeted civilians or civilian infrastructure amount to a gross violation of international humanitarian law and international human rights law. Vital infrastructure such as airports and ports have been targeted, as have water desalination plants. These do not pose This poses a threat to the region's security and also violates human rights law. These attacks amount to a great source of concern for us, and we can no longer remain silent. We have been affected by ballistic missile strikes and rocket strikes. This has caused victims among civilians and undermined the water and power supply services, thereby threatening the right to safety and life. To attack the electricity and desalination plants also involves serious environmental consequences and undermines rights that should be— are guaranteed by human rights provisions. Such measures threaten the lives of the most vulnerable, including women and children. It makes their lives more difficult and violates the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. President, the targeting of maritime ways, including the Strait of Hormuz, are a source of great concern given the dire consequences they can have on the economy and supply routes. It also has an impact on the enjoyment of economic and social rights and the right to development in a number of states, including in developing countries. We therefore would like to recall that to protect navigation and civilian infrastructure is a moral and ethical duty that must not be undermined. Blocking the strait cannot advance the settlement of the situation in any way. And to attack a state that is not a party to the conflict and which has not allowed use of its territory in the hostilities is a violation of international international law and undermines international peace and security. We have dissociated ourselves from the outset from this war and we have refused to be part of the escalation. However, Iranians continue to target us and other neighboring countries too, thereby undermining international peace and security. We would like to reiterate the inherent right of countries to defend themselves, the legitimate right to self-defense in keeping with the UN Charter and international law. My country would like to commend the UN Security Council resolution which firmly condemned attacks against the Gulf States and Jordan. These attacks constitute a violation of international law and threaten international peace and security. We would like to reaffirm that the necessary reparation must be provided to the affected states and affected civilians. The State of Qatar, President, considers that human rights, peace, security, and development are interdependent elements. To assault one affects the others. That is why the handling of this crisis requires a comprehensive approach in order to strengthen peaceful solutions. We call for an immediate end to the escalation, for a return to political efforts and for dialogue to prevail so as to safeguard human dignity. We call on the Human Rights Council to shoulder its responsibilities by supporting this resolution and by closely monitoring these violations and to take all necessary measures so as to protect human rights and avoid any repetition. Thank you. HRC · President [43:28]: Thank you. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia [43:42]: Thank you, President. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia would like to thank the Council for meeting our request to hold an urgent debate. We condemn the attacks by Iran against the Kingdom and the member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council, as well as Jordan. These are states that are not parties to the current conflict, and these Iranian attacks amount to a gross violation of state sovereignty, of their territorial integrity. They violate the U.N. Charter and international law. President, we must call things by their name. To target a neighbor is— A violation of the principles of good neighborly relations. To target the mediator betrays all efforts aimed at peace and undermines any constructive initiative. To target states that are not party to the hostilities amounts to unacceptable and unjustifiable attacks that cannot be passed over in silence. Iranian attacks represent an approach that is based on the use of militia, the attack of neighboring countries in order to undermine stability. These attacks, which seek to undermine the region's peace and stability, represent a gross violation of international law and pose a direct threat to international peace and security. Iran's attacks are aimed at claiming civilian lives, and they have targeted civilian infrastructure and energy infrastructure, which is a gross violation of international law, including international humanitarian, not international human rights law. We have heard attempts by Iran to evade all responsibility, and yet you cannot deny what the world clearly sees. Iran cannot escape responsibility here. To continue to follow the same approach will lead Iran nowhere. It will merely further isolate the country. My kingdom would like to recall that Iran should review its methods and end its attacks, because continuing attacks against neighboring countries would not bring any benefits in the conflict to Iran. We condemn Iran's attacks against commercial vessels in the Gulf and the suspension of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz, which is having an impact on the region and the rest of the world, and which worsens the economic situation at the international level while having an impact on most vulnerable countries, including the least developed countries and poorest countries. We would like to recall that attacks against energy infrastructure and supply chains, especially as regards food goods, also has an impact on the global situation. Finally, President— silence is not a choice. This Council must take all necessary measures so as to address these unjustified Iranian attacks while preserving protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure. My kingdom calls for states to support and co-sponsor Draft Resolution L.38. We would like to express our deepest gratitude to those states that have expressed their support for this draft resolution. We are working with the core group to engage in consultations with all states so as to agree on wording that can garner consensus and reflect the position of the international community in the face of these attacks by Iran. Thank you, President. HRC · President [47:47]: Thank you. I give the floor now to the distinguished representative of the United Arab Emirates. United Arab Emirates [47:57]: To us, al-Biladi. Thank you, President. The United Arab Emirates always intercept the terrorist attacks by Iran, which have been ongoing for 26 days now. We have intercepted more than 2,000 ballistic missiles and drones. These attacks were targeting airports, residential areas, civilian areas, which violates our sovereignty and international humanitarian law. This is not a mere military escalation. We are seeing random behavior that undermines international peace and security and international law, in particular when civilian infrastructure is targeted, which can undermine the safety of supply chains and energy infrastructure. Iranian strikes are not targeting the countries that attacked it in this case. Rather, Iran is striking neighboring countries that have always made effort to try and prevent such a scenario from unfolding. We have always worked on the basis of our firm conviction that military solutions always entail dire consequences. Iran stands isolated vis-à-vis its neighbors and the international community today. And Iran seeks to undermine international law by trying to spread its hegemony. Iran seeks to justify these attacks, which are unjustifiable and irresponsible. They describe these attacks as reprisals. We reject All of Iran's statements that aim to justify these attacks, we have recalled that we have never allowed the use of our airspace for attacks against Iran. What cannot be ignored is the contradiction between Iranian discourse on good neighborly relations and Iranian practices on the ground, including Iranian attempts to justify attacks against civilians, civilian infrastructure such as airports, ports, oil facilities, and those facilities linked to tourism. This also resulted in the death of 2 members of our armed forces and 6 civilians, and 161 individuals of 29 different nationalities were injured. These repercussions and these attacks have an impact that goes beyond the region itself because they threaten navigation. Including in the Strait of Hormuz, and they also have an impact on supply chains. This has, in turn, repercussions on the right to security and development. The Security Council adopted the historic Resolution 2817, which categorically condemns Iran's attacks against the United Arab Emirates and other Gulf states and against Jordan. This draft resolution was sponsored by more than 161 states and sent a clear message according to which the international community will not authorize such deliberate attacks against civilians and civilian infrastructure. We therefore call on the Council to take tangible measures in order to denounce those human rights violations that stem from Iran's attacks against states who are partners when it comes to peace and security. We would like to remind all enemies of our model that our model, since the very inception of our state, is one that is based on good neighborly relations, dignified life, the fight against xenophobia, We have a model that is open to the world through lasting partnerships, which has enabled our economy to be one of the most advanced economies, one that is able to adapt to change. Our model rests on foundations that cannot be destroyed, a model which allows for development and prosperity to flourish. Reserve our right to take all necessary measures in order to protect our sovereignty in keeping with Article 51 of the UN Charter. And we would like to recall that Iran's attacks have confirmed the robustness of our institutions and the unity of our society and the perseverance of our people. Thank you, President. Thank you. HRC · President [52:52]: The list of speakers is now closed. Thank you. And we will now begin the list of members of the Council, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the European Union on behalf of a group of countries. EU · EU [53:07]: Mr. President, I have the honor to speak on behalf of the European Union. Albania, Armenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Liechtenstein, Moldova, Montenegro, and North Macedonia align themselves with this statement. We strongly condemned Iran's unprovoked military strikes against countries in the region and expressed solidarity with all the countries affected. The EU calls on Iran and its proxies to immediately cease these attacks and respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of countries in the region in line with UN Security Council Resolution 2817. The EU calls for de-escalation and maximum restraint, the protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure, and full respect of international law, including the UN Charter, international human rights law, and IHL, by all parties. The EU deplores the loss of civilian life and calls for an immediate end on strikes against energy and water facilities. The EU stands ready to contribute to diplomatic efforts to end the hostilities. The EU calls on the Iranian regime to cease violence and repression against its own people and to respect the rights and freedoms of the Iranian people, including the right to choose their own future. The EU supports the resolution presented by the GCC and Jordan and calls for it to pass by consensus. HRC · President [54:26]: Thank you. Thank you. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Sweden on behalf of a group of countries. Mr. Sweden · Nordic-Baltic countries [54:36]: President, I speak on behalf of the Nordic-Baltic countries. We welcome this urgent debate. Developments in Iran and the wider region threaten regional and global security. We deplore the loss of all civilian lives and express solidarity with those affected. We strongly condemn Iran's military strikes against third states not involved in armed hostilities. We call on Iran to immediately cease these attacks and respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states. We call for de-escalation and restraint, the protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure, and the full respect of international law by all parties. We also call on the Iranian regime to end violence and repression against its own people and ensure that human rights are fully respected. The Iranian people must be allowed to choose their own future. We strongly condemn the Iranian regime's use of the death penalty, including in the case of dual citizens. The death penalty is a cruel inhuman and irreversible form of punishment. It must be abolished. We call on Iran to uphold the rule of law and due process, and we support the adoption of the draft resolution. HRC · President [55:49]: I see a request for a point of order. We should recall that a point of order is on procedural issues. Iran (Islamic Republic of) [55:58]: Thank you, Mr. President. It's so unfortunate that some of the delegations are repeatedly using the term regime for calling my country. I humbly request you to force the delegations to use the proper name of my country. Every member who is sitting in the room should protect and respect the very foundation standards language that should be used. Thank you very much. HRC · President [56:25]: Thank you. It is the position of the Council, as we all know, that we all will deal with the human rights issues with dignity and respect, and that we all will adhere to the well-established principles of the United Nations, and this would include in naming of countries. Please continue for the delegation of Sweden. We finish the statement. Thank you. And I now call on a distinguished representative of the Philippines on behalf of ASEAN. Philippines · ASEAN [57:14]: Thank you, Mr. President. I have the honor to deliver this joint statement on behalf of ASEAN. The ASEAN Foreign Ministers have expressed serious concern over the escalating conflict in the Middle East following the attacks by Israel and the United States against Iran on February 28th, 2026, and the subsequent attacks by Iran against several countries in the region, including Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. These attacks pose a grave threat to the lives of civilians as well as to regional and global peace and security. At this critical juncture, we call for an immediate cessation of hostilities and urge all parties to exercise utmost self-restraint and avoid any acts that may further aggravate the situation. All states must respect sovereignty and the territorial integrity of all nations in line with international law, including the United Nations Charter. And ensure that human rights remain at the forefront of their actions, including through the protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure. We recognize that the impact of this conflict extends beyond, far beyond borders, threatening the fundamental right to an adequate standard of living and endangering food security and economic dignity for people worldwide, including in the ASEAN region. HRC · President [58:45]: Thank you. Thank you. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Bulgaria. Bulgaria [58:54]: Thank you, Mr. President. Mr. President, Bulgaria aligns itself with the EU statement. Bulgaria calls for an immediate and unconditional cessation of attacks, for restraint, prevention of further escalation, and return to the principles of the rules-based international order. Bulgaria is deeply concerned by Iran's attacks against third countries that are not participating in the ongoing hostilities in the Middle East. We deplore Iran's attacks that target civilian infrastructure and cause civilian casualties and substantial damage to civilian property. We are appalled by the resulting human rights violations, particularly the adverse impact on the exercise of the right to life, adequate living conditions, and safe environment. The attacks against critical civilian infrastructure are unacceptable, constitute a serious violation of international law, including United Nations Security Council Resolution 2817, and pose grave risks to environment as well as to regional and global security. We express our full solidarity with Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Jordan. Turkey, which are key partners of Bulgaria and the European Union. We underscore that their security is of strategic importance for the global energy, economic, and food stability. HRC · President [1:00:10]: Thank you. Thank you. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Czechia. Czechia [1:00:19]: Mr. President, we firmly condemn unjust and unjustifiable attacks carried out by Iran and its proxies against states in the region. We urge Iran to cease these operations and respect their national sovereignty and territorial integrity. The protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure must remain an absolute priority. We reiterate that fundamental human rights must be always upheld. We reaffirm the importance of safeguarding maritime routes, regional airspace, and freedom of navigation, namely in the Strait of Hormuz,, as well as the safety and security of supply chains and the stability of global energy markets. We remain committed to supporting diplomatic efforts aimed at reducing tensions and restoring stability. We also support the resolution proposed by the GCC countries and Jordan, which sends a clear and unified message in defence of regional security and respect for international law. Thank you. HRC · President [1:01:37]: I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Ethiopia. Ethiopia [1:01:44]: Thank you, Mr. President. Ethiopia expresses grave concern over the rapidly unfolding situation in the Middle East. We extend our deepest condolences to the families of the victims, as well as people and government of the affected countries. Ethiopia reaffirms its steadfast support for the principles of the United Nations Charter, including the prohibition of use of force and the peaceful resolution of disputes, which remain essential for the maintenance of international peace and security. Ethiopia is closely interconnected with the affected region through trade, aviation, and people-to-people ties. The ongoing conflict has already led to vessels being stranded, major disruptions in petroleum imports, and serious risks to thousands of Ethiopians living and working in the region. Against this backdrop, Ethiopia calls for an immediate halt to attacks against civilians and civilian infrastructure, and urges all parties to exercise maximum restraint and to resume dialogue and the restoration— the diplomatic engagement as the only viable path to the peaceful resolution of disputes and restoration of stability. We also stress the urgent need for the immediate reopening of all aviation and maritime routes to ensure the safe and free movement of people and goods. Ethiopia stands ready to support all initiatives aimed at promoting peace peace, security and stability. I thank you, Mr. Czechia [1:03:17]: President. Thank you. HRC · President [1:03:20]: I now call on the distinguished representative of Slovenia. Slovenia [1:03:27]: Thank you, Mr. President. Slovenia aligns with the EU statement. We strongly condemn the military escalation in the Middle East. The risk of a broader regional confrontation is real and imminent. We call on all parties for immediate de-escalation, maximum restraint and full respect for international law. Diplomacy and a return to the negotiating table remain the only viable paths towards sustainable security. Mr. President, Slovenia is deeply shocked by the impacts of the widespread hostilities on civilians and civilian infrastructure. From strikes on health facilities, schools, and essential services, including water supply, to large-scale displacements and protection risks, It is civilians, including many children, who are paying the ultimate price. Slovenia underlines that it is paramount that civilians and civilian infrastructure be protected. All parties are bound by international law, including IHL and international human rights law, and must be held to account if, if they do not comply. To conclude, we reiterate our call on the Iranian Iranian government to cease the violence and repression against its own people. Human rights must not be instrumentalized or used as a bargaining chip by any state. Human rights need to be central to Iran's future. I thank you. Thank you. HRC · President [1:04:53]: I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Japan. Japan [1:04:58]: Thank you, Mr. President. At the outset, First, Japan thanks the High Commissioner and other speakers for their inputs. The peace and stability of the Middle East is of utmost importance to Japan. We are deeply concerned about the ongoing deterioration of the regional situation surrounding Iran, which has serious implications for the protection and promotion of human rights. Obligations under international human rights law and international humanitarian law including the principles of distinction, disproportionality, and precaution, must be respected and upheld. Japan calls for the immediate cessation of all attacks by Iran against the GCC member states and Jordan. As a country that respects fundamental values and principles such as freedom, democracy, human rights, and the rule of law, Japan will continue to make all necessary diplomatic efforts efforts in coordination with the international community to bring about an early de-escalation of the situation. I thank you. Thank you. HRC · President [1:06:07]: I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Netherlands. Netherlands (Kingdom of the) [1:06:13]: The Kingdom of the Netherlands aligns itself with the statement of the European Union. We're deeply concerned about the ongoing escalation in the Middle East. We condemn Iran's unprovoked attacks targeting civilians and civilian objects across the wider region, and we deplore the loss of civilian lives. We also urge Iran to end the violence and repression against its own people. As High Commissioner Türk recently stated, the ugly reality of war is not a carte blanche to violate human rights. The Kingdom of the Netherlands underlines its full solidarity with our partners in the region and those countries affected directly. We further raise concern about the impact of damage to civilian infrastructure on access to essential services services, including food, water, and healthcare. The attacks on energy infrastructure, including oil and gas installations, and the de facto closure of the Strait of Hormuz by Iran are unacceptable and have a severe impact on the global economy, driving up energy prices and disrupting critical supply chains, with particular concern for vulnerable countries that depend on these systems. The Netherlands calls for an immediate end of all attacks targeting civilians and civilian infrastructure.— and reiterates the importance of freedom of navigation as a fundamental principle of international law, including under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Mr. President, we call for de-escalation and maximum restraint, and call on all parties to comply with obligations under international law and international humanitarian law. The Netherlands supports the resolution presented by the GCC countries in Jordan and calls for it to pass by consensus. I thank you. Thank you. HRC · President [1:07:43]: I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Cyprus. Cyprus [1:07:47]: Mr. President, Cyprus welcomes the convening of this session and fully aligns with the EU statement. We stand in solidarity and reiterate our support for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Jordan. We reaffirm our alignment with the principles of the UN Charter and strongly condemn the unjustifiable and brazen attacks against these states attacks, which violate international law and threaten peace, security, and human rights. We call for the immediate and unconditional cessation of the Iranian attacks targeting civilians and critical civilian infrastructure, causing civilian casualties and damage to civilian objects, including airports, ports, energy installations, desalination plants, residential areas, and means necessary for food production. We stress the urgent need for full compliance with international humanitarian law and international human rights law. Cyprus also emphasizes the importance of freedom of navigation and safe passage, including through the Strait of Hormuz, vital for global energy security, supply chains, and trade. Any obstruction is unacceptable and violates international law, including UNCLOS, but also has a direct impact on international human rights law, including inter alia the right to food. De-escalation is imperative and diplomacy remains the only sustainable path. Cyprus reaffirms its unwavering commitment to upholding international law and protecting the human rights of all civilians. I thank you. HRC · President [1:09:13]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Angola. Angola [1:09:20]: Mr. President, Angola is following with extreme concern the serious escalation of the conflict in the Middle East after the attacks that occurred in the Islamic Republic of Iran and subsequent retaliations in the United Arab Emirates, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Kingdom of Bahrain, the State of Qatar, and the State of Kuwait, the Sultanate of Oman, and Jordan. In this context, we express our deep solidarity with the peoples and victims affected by the conflict. Angola is deeply alarmed with the deterioration of human rights and humanitarian situation and emphasize that the protection of civilians is fundamental obligation under international law. In the face of the serious events that endanger stability in the region, with harmful effects on world peace, Angola underlines the urgent need to reduce tensions and fully respect international law in harmony with the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, and non-aggression. The Charter of the United Nations mandates that states refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity of all political independence of any state. Angola urged all parties to exercise maximum restraint and prioritize dialogue through the diplomatic channels, making efforts towards the immediate cessation of hostilities, thus restoring regional peace and stability. I thank you, Mr. President. Thank you. HRC · President [1:10:49]: I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Mexico. Mexico [1:10:54]: Gracias, señor. Thank you, President. We would like to thank the countries affected for convening this debate. Mexico shares the very profound concern at the widespread implications on human rights which have emerged from the worsening of the conflict in the Middle East. Mexico stands in solidarity with the governments and peoples of countries affected by the armed conflict which began on the 20th of February last. And we deeply regret the humanitarian impact, which particularly affects the most vulnerable populations, such as children. We would appeal to all parties to fully uphold international humanitarian law and international human rights law, and we also recall the importance of maintaining sovereignty, territorial integrity, and the independence of all states. The current conflict will not have a lasting solution through conflict. We appeal for dialogue and a diplomatic solution, which would make it possible to definitively put an end to attacks against the civilian population, civilian infrastructure, and key energy facilities so that peoples in the region can exercise their rights. This solution will also mitigate the global impact of the armed conflict on the enjoyment of human rights in other regions. Thank you very much. France [1:12:19]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of France. Merci, Monsieur le Président. The war in the Middle East is seriously threatening regional security and must end as soon as possible. Only Through respect of international law and diplomacy, will it be possible to maintain security and stability in the region in a sustainable fashion? In line with Resolution 2817 of the United Nations Security Council, France condemns in the firmest terms the attacks conducted against— by the Iranian regime in Jordan and in other Gulf states, struck by ballistic missiles or Iranian drones. These indiscriminate strikes, which run counter to international humanitarian law, have had serious and immediate consequences on the civilian populations. Iran must absolutely stop feeding into the escalation of this conflict, must abide by its international obligations, and enter into serious negotiations to put an end to the concerns related to its nuclear program and its ballistic activities. France, together with its European partners, remains willing to work to building a solid, verifiable, and lasting agreement which will find a lasting solution to this crisis. In the face of the large-scale conflict which is unprecedented in scope affecting the region, we call for all parties to respect IHL. It is in the common interest to implement a moratorium on these strikes without delay targeting civilian infrastructure, including energy and water facilities, so as to protect civilian populations and maintain the security and safety of energy to these supplies. I thank you. HRC · President [1:13:59]: Before I give the floor to the next speaker, may I request once again to all delegations to uphold UN standards when referring to countries. And I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Spain. Spain [1:14:16]: Gracias, señor presidente. Thank you, President. We would like to endorse the statement made by the European Union. My statement will abide by the purpose of this debate, but we do not forget a regional context in which we're witnessing a horrendous war and mass violations of human rights in Gaza, the West Bank, and Lebanon. Spain reaffirms its firmest commitment of the indiscriminate attacks of— by the Iranian authorities against the civilian population, housing, and strategic civilian infrastructure of countries of the Gulf and the region, thereby systematically violating international law, international humanitarian law and international human rights law, and causing several victims and unpredictable environmental and economic consequences. We would like to express our solidarity with the states attacked and with the victims of those attacks. Spain demands that Iran put an end to the attacks and unblock the shipping in the Strait of Hormuz. Spain would call all parties to demonstrate restraint and de-escalate conflict. Because this conflict has a destabilizing impact whose scope is already global in nature. At the same time, we urge the Iranian authorities to put an end to the use of force and human rights violations against its population, including the systematic, um, discrimination against women and executions. And we reiterate, uh, our position against this inhuman punishment. We agree with the High Commissioner that the civilian population is the one that's suffering the highest price of war. Through the resolution submitted that Spain co-sponsors, this Council must send a message of compliance of its mandate in terms of prevention of atrocities, guarantee justice for victims, and maintain international law. Thank you very much. HRC · President [1:15:56]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland [1:16:03]: Thank you, Mr. President. We, too, condemn reckless Iranian missile and drone attacks Iran must cease its assaults on the sovereignty and territorial integrity of its neighbors so that a path towards stability and security in the region can be forged. We also condemn in the strongest terms recent Iranian attacks on unarmed commercial vessels in the Gulf, attacks on civilian infrastructure including oil and gas installations, and the de facto closure of the Strait of Hormuz by Iranian forces. Freedom of navigation is a fundamental principle a principle of international law, including under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The UK stands alongside our allies in the Gulf affected by this conflict and will continue to act in their defense. Iran's actions are endangering civilians, destabilizing the region, and threatening the global economy, negatively impacting the ability of individuals in the region to enjoy their human rights. Iran's human rights record is deplorable. The security forces' response to protests constituted the deadliest crackdown in the Islamic Republic's history, and this conflict has further exacerbated the already appalling conditions endured by the Iranian people under this regime. De-escalation is the only way forward for the region, and we once again call on Iran to cease its attacks immediately. HRC · President [1:17:29]: Iran requests a point of order. Iran (Islamic Republic of) [1:17:31]: Thank you, Mr. President. I apologize for requesting the point of order for second time. Unfortunately, we have heard from France and UK again using the term regime. If this trend are willing to be continued, we can also use UK regime and France regime. That, of course, cannot be accepted for them. So we humbly request all the missions to use the standard language. Thank you very much. HRC · President [1:17:59]: Thank you. And before I give the floor to the next speaker, may I request all delegations to deal with all human rights issues with dignity as well as uphold UN standards when referring to countries. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of North Macedonia. North Macedonia [1:18:24]: Thank you, Mr. President. North Macedonia aligns itself with the statement of the European Union delivered today. In our national capacity, we express our deep concern over the recent escalation triggered by Iranian military attacks against Gulf States and Jordan, and strongly condemns these irresponsible and indiscriminate attacks. We are alarmed by reports of tragic loss of innocent civilian lives and extensive damages to the critical infrastructure. Such actions constitute a grave violation of the United Nations Charter and fundamental principles of international law. We are equally concerned about the broader repercussions of this escalation, including disruption to shipping through the Strait of Hormuz, with far-reaching implications for global energy supplies and economic stability. We urge Iran to immediately cease its military actions and call for urgent de-escalation. The protection of civilians must remain paramount, alongside with full compliance with international humanitarian and human rights law. North Macedonia also calls for the unimpeded delivery of humanitarian assistance to all those in need. Restraint, responsibility, and sustained diplomatic engagement must guide all efforts to prevent further escalation and preserve regional peace and stability. I thank you, Mr. President. HRC · President [1:19:45]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Colombia. Colombia [1:19:52]: President, Colombia is very much concerned about the worsening of the situation in the Middle East in general and the situation in the Gulf countries in particular. And we stand in solidarity with all of those who have suffered the adverse consequences of actions which choose the use of force over the peaceful solution of disputes. Colombia, as affirmed before the human rights— the Security Council, calls for a de-escalation of violence and the immediate cessation of all hostilities and military actions. And we restate the urgency to return to peaceful methods in terms of disputes resolution. All states must comply with obligation to guarantee the respect for human rights and govern their relations in line with international law, including the United Nations Charter, international human rights law, and international humanitarian law. Attacks against non-military targets, particularly those that lead to effects on the enjoyment of human rights of the civilian population, run counter to international law and therefore are unacceptable and have no justification. Respecting the standards of war is an obligation and not an option. Colombia urges this council to fully address in a balanced and comprehensive fashion the legitimate concerns of states in the Middle East as regards the human rights violations of their territories. This requires the recognition of the consequences of the illegal aggression and irresponsible aggression of the United United States and Israel against Iran. I thank you. Thank you. HRC · President [1:21:30]: I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Switzerland. Switzerland [1:21:35]: Monsieur le Président, Switzerland is deeply alarmed by the war underway and its serious consequences for the civilian populations across the region, particularly in the Gulf States, in Lebanon, and in Iran. The protection of civilians must be an absolute priority. Switzerland takes very seriously the security concerns voiced by the states of the Gulf and Jordan following the recent attacks of Iran and expresses its solidarity with all victims. It recalls that all parties must respect international law, including the United Nations Charter, international humanitarian law, and international human rights law. The respect for the prohibition of the use of force is vital. We believe that the actions of the United States and Israel violates this principle against Iran. The same applies when Iran exceeds the limits of the right of self-defense. We call for the parties to demonstrate maximum restraint and put an end immediately to hostilities. Furthermore, Switzerland condemns the human rights situation in Iran and also firmly condemns the violent punishment and capital executions linked to demonstrations. We would make a launch appeal for no additional execution to take place Lastly, we recall that issues of international peace and security must be addressed first and foremost at the Security Council. We remain committed to de-escalation, the respect for international law, and the protection of human dignity. I thank you. Thank you. HRC · President [1:22:59]: I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Albania. Albania [1:23:04]: Thank you, Mr. President. Albania expresses its deep concern regarding the dangerous escalation of the Middle East, the consequences of which extend far beyond the region and threaten global security. Albania strongly condemns Iran's unjustifiable attacks against several states in the region, targeting civilian population and infrastructure, including energy infrastructure. These attacks constitute a flagrant violation of international law, the sovereignty of states, and fundamental principle of the Charter of the United Nations. Iran must immediately and unconditionally cease all such attacks attacks and its destabilizing activities in the region and the world. These actions, along with the threats to freedom of navigation in critical waterways such as Strait of Hormuz, jeopardize global stability and energy supply chains. We strongly condemn these acts. Albania reaffirms its commitment to collective security, regional stability, and respect for international law. We fully support the right of affected every state to defend themselves and to protect their citizens in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations. Finally, we call for immediate de-escalation, the protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure, respect for freedom of navigation, and the resumption of credible diplomatic process. I thank you. Thank you. HRC · President [1:24:23]: I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Republic of Korea. Republic of Korea [1:24:28]: Thank you, Mr. President. The Republic of Korea expresses deep concern over the recent attacks affecting several countries in the region, including two G7 members and Jordan. We extend our condolences to the victims and their families and convey our serious concern over the damage to civilians and civilian infrastructure. These attacks risk escalating instability in the region and raise serious concerns about international peace and security. We underscore that all states must to fully comply with international law, including international human rights law and international humanitarian law, and adhere to relevant Security Council resolutions, including Resolution 2817 of March 11th, 2026. We call on the Islamic Republic of Iran to cease all attacks against civilians and civil facilities in the Gulf, avoid further escalation, and pursue de-escalation through dialogue and diplomatic efforts. The current situation highlights the need to address not only security challenges but also the human rights implications. The Republic of Korea remains committed to working with the international community to promote peace, stability, and the protection of human rights in the region. I thank you. HRC · President [1:25:42]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of South Africa. South Africa [1:25:48]: Thank you, Mr. President. South Africa expresses its solidarity with the GCC countries and Jordan. We echo the concerns raised about the grave implications of the military escalation in the Gulf and the Middle East more broadly, not only for regional— for regional and international peace and security, but more importantly, for the safety and well-being of citizens. Indeed, the ever-increasing civilian casualties, mass displacement, and damage to critical infrastructure are exacerbating the crisis. We therefore remind all parties of their obligations to uphold international law, including international human rights law, international humanitarian law, and the UN Charter. It is for this reason that South Africa condemns Iran's attacks on GCC countries and Jordan. These attacks, however, attacks did not occur in isolation. They arose in response to the aggression committed by the US and Israel against Iran, which South Africa has also condemned as it violates the UN Charter, which prohibits the use of force against the territorial integrity of another state. Accordingly, while South Africa appreciates some of the changes made to the resolution, it would however have been important to provide the context in which these attacks occurred. Mr. President, South Africa— as South Africa, we have previously stated that there can be no military solution to the conflict, and in this regard, we call for de-escalation and dialogue. HRC · President [1:27:17]: I thank you. Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Egypt. Egypt [1:27:31]: Sir, this is taking place at a difficult time which is harshly testing the United Nations Charter, international law, and international human rights law. These rights and rules have been violated in the most flagrant way, which has a negative impact on the universality of human rights and could compromise the human rights rule. We restate our condemnation of the attacks against the brotherly Arab countries during the latest escalation, in particular the Iranian attacks against the Gulf States and Jordan. We believe that there's no justification for these attacks, which have targeted civilians and civilian targets as well as infrastructure. We would warn against adverse repercussions of the current escalation and the people in the region. We would condemn all violations international violations of human rights, and we deplore the victims amongst civilians. We would call for de-escalation and seeking a diplomatic solution. And we restate our full solidarity with the Gulf states and Jordan by firmly rejecting any attacks on their security and stability. HRC · President [1:28:50]: I thank you. Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Brazil. Brazil [1:28:57]: Thank you, Mr. President. The Brazilian government expresses its profound concern regarding the human rights situation in the region following the escalation of hostilities in the Gulf region and the Middle East at large, initiated by the aggression against Iran on February 28th. Brazil calls upon all parties —without exception—to respect international law, including international human rights law, international humanitarian law, and the UN Charter. Brazil conveys its solidarity to Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, the UAE, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, and Jordan, as well as all other countries affected by the ongoing hostilities in the Middle East. We urge all parties to undertake prompt, thorough, independent investigations into alleged violations of human rights and humanitarian law, including potential war crimes, to ensure full accountability. Brazil reiterates its longstanding position that unilateral coercive measures violate international law, affect the enjoyment of human rights by the most vulnerable population, and undermine the multilateral system. Brazil calls for negotiations in good faith and demands an immediate ceasefire to these regional conflicts, which should allow the creation of conditions necessary for a diplomatic solution that ensures lasting peace. Thank you. Thank you. HRC · President [1:30:26]: I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Mauritius. Mauritius [1:30:31]: Thank you, Mr. President. Mauritius notes with concern the deteriorating situation in the Middle East and the resulting human rights implications. Such actions are having a wider ramification for the Indian Ocean region and for international peace and security. We condemn the indiscriminate attacks against civilian populations and civilian infrastructure, thereby causing loss of lives. We are concerned that such tensions are not only affecting the human rights of those in the Middle East but also impacting on the right to food and the right to clean, healthy, safe, and sustainable environment globally. We commend the efforts of the GCC countries and other partners in the Middle East towards easing tensions and promoting dialogue. We call on all parties to the conflict to exercise restraint and to respect and uphold international humanitarian law and international human rights law in line with their erga omnes obligations. Any resolution of the situation must be pursued in accordance with the principles and purposes of the UN Charter and the fundamental principles of sovereignty and territorial integrity of all States. Finally, Mauritius further calls on all parties to intensify efforts to settle their disputes by peaceful means consistent to to meet with their obligations under international law. I thank you, Mr. President. HRC · President [1:32:01]: Thank you. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of China. China [1:32:09]: Mr. President, China thanks the High Commissioner and Mr. De Waal for their statements. The US and Israel, without authorization from the UN Security Council, wantonly attacked Iran, killing its leaders, which is a grave violation of human rights of the Iranian people. This has triggered an escalation of conflicts in the Middle East, forcing regional countries to be drawn in, and seriously violated the right to life and right to development of the people in the Middle East. We express our deep concern over this. We strongly condemn all acts that violate international law and target civilian and non-military objects indiscriminately. The sovereignty, security, and territorial integrity of the Gulf Arab States and Jordan must be fully respected. We appreciate and support their restraint and support regional countries in resolving disputes through diplomatic means. The attack on the school in Minab, Iran, which claimed the lives of innocent children, is heartbreaking and is the most egregious violation of human rights. We firmly oppose using human rights as a pretext to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries and to launch military attacks. The urgent priority is to immediately stop military actions prevent the escalation and spread of the conflict, return to negotiations as soon as possible, protect the basic human rights of the people in the region, and jointly uphold peace and stability in the Middle East. Thank you, Mr. President. Thank you. HRC · President [1:33:38]: I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Gambia. Gambia [1:33:42]: Thank you, Mr. President. The Gambia expresses deep concern about the recent escalation of violence in Iran and the human rights impact across several states in the region such as Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates, as well as Lebanon, and extend our sincere condolences for the lives lost. We condemn the breaches of international humanitarian and human rights law occasioned by the attacks on civilians, civilian infrastructure, and energy infrastructure in the affected states. We commend the Gulf States for exercising restraint in the face of the escalating violence and prioritizing the peaceful settlement of the facilities. The protection of civilians, especially in armed conflict, is non-negotiable. In this regard, we emphasize the importance of addressing the human rights implications of the violence against civilians, especially children, women, the elderly, and persons with disabilities. We reaffirm the need to adhere to the fundamental principles of the United Nations Charter, including respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states, as well as the obligation to resolve disputes through peace through peaceful means. The Gambia calls for the immediate cessation of hostilities, de-escalation, and respect for the human rights of civilians in the affected states. Thank you, Mr. President. HRC · President [1:34:56]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Thailand. Thailand [1:35:01]: Thank you, Mr. President. Thailand allies itself with the statement delivered by the Philippines on behalf of ASEAN. Thailand follows developments in the Middle East with grave concern as the escalation of conflict continues to affect civilian lives as well as regional and global peace and stability. We express our sincere condolences for the loss of lives and deplore the attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructures. We are also concerned by disruption of navigation which affect livelihoods and carry significant economic and social consequences. Beyond the region. Thailand underscores the need for all parties to fully respect and comply with their obligations under international human rights and humanitarian laws. Thailand calls on all parties concerned to exercise maximum restraint, immediately cease hostilities, de-escalate tensions, and urgently return to dialogue and diplomacy to resolve the conflict through peaceful means. In accordance with the UN Charter, while ensuring the safety of civilians and civilian infrastructures, as well as freedom of navigation through the Strait of Hormuz. In this context, Thailand is grateful to the Sultanate of Oman and the UAE for the assistance provided in the rescue of the Thai crews affected by this conflict. I thank you. HRC · President [1:36:29]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Cuba. Cuba [1:36:35]: Señor Presidente, the only effective way of contributing to a sustainable and lasting solution to the very serious situation affecting the Middle East is to address the topic in a comprehensive way. The facts are clear. The current war was initiated by the United States and Israel, who launched a military attack against Iran in flagrant violation of the U.N. Charter and international law. Once again, the United States and Israel have jeopardized regional peace, security, and stability, as well as international peace, security, and stability. We are seeing this as a continuity of the aggressive expansionist policy of Israel, which has always benefited from the political, military, and economic support of the United states. Cuba will always advocate respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity of all states, including the Arab states of the Gulf, and for all acts that cause human damage and damage to civilian infrastructure to end. International law— international humanitarian law, international human rights law— must be respected by all in all circumstances. These nations should not have to face the consequences of a war which should never have begun. Cuba calls for the friendly relations and good neighborliness between all states in the region. The principles of good neighborliness should prevail in this— at this difficult time. Thank you. HRC · President [1:38:05]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of India. India [1:38:11]: Thank you, Mr. President. India remains deeply concerned at the evolving situation in West Asia.— and its implications for regional stability and global security. We urge all parties to exercise maximum restraint, avoid further escalation, and prioritize the safety and well-being of civilians. Attacks on civilian and energy infrastructure are unacceptable, as they risk exacerbating tensions and undermining global food, fuel, and supply chain security. India reiterates that there is no alternative to dialogue and diplomacy. All outstanding issues must be addressed through peaceful means, with full respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states. We also underscore the importance of ensuring the safety and security of maritime routes, including the Strait of Hormuz. Freedom of navigation and the uninterrupted flow of energy and goods are vital for global economic stability. Mr. President, the safety and welfare of Indian nationals in the region remains a priority. We appreciate the continued support extended by countries in the region towards the Indian community. India stands ready to support all constructive efforts aimed at de-escalation, fostering dialogue, and promoting lasting peace, stability, and security in West Asia. Thank you. Thank you. HRC · President [1:39:25]: I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Chile. Chile [1:39:31]: Thank you very much, President Chile. Chile is following with deep concern the developments in the situation in the Middle East and the recent events that led to the convening of this urgent debate. Therefore, we would like to reiterate our condemnation and profound concern by the— at the attacks against the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, and Jordan, and we would like to express our solidarity vis-à-vis the affected states and their populations. Chile believes it is essential for this council to address this situation through the prism of its specific mandate focused on the dignity— human dignity and protection of human rights. We are therefore particularly concerned by the impact that these events are having on the right to life, personal integrity, and individual safety, as well as on access to basic services and to decent living standards, especially when critical civilian infrastructure is affected. We call for an immediate end to the hostilities and for any action that might further escalate the situation to be avoided. We would like to highlight that the affected states have opted for restraint and for using diplomacy, promoting spaces of dialogue such as this urgent debate, instead of responding to violence with more violence. Shidi believes this is the right way forward, and we express our support for the efforts aimed at a peaceful settlement to the conflict. We reiterate that it is only through dialogue, respect of international law, and cooperation between states that we can move forwards towards sustainable peace. Thank you. Thank you. HRC · President [1:40:56]: I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Italy. Italy [1:41:01]: Thank you, Mr. President. Italy aligns itself with the statement of the European Union. The unjustified military strikes against Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, especially those against civilian targets and infrastructures, continue to pose a serious threat threat to regional stability and broader international security. We are particularly concerned by the severe impact of the ongoing military escalation in the region on civilians and their human rights. The protection of civilians must be upheld at all times in compliance with international humanitarian and human rights law. Italy calls for immediate de-escalation and urges Iran and its proxies to cease these attacks. And fully comply with its international obligations, in line with UN Security Council Resolution 2817. Mr. President, in closing, let me express our solidarity and closeness with affected countries and their populations. I thank you. HRC · President [1:42:03]: Thank you. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Pakistan. Pakistan [1:42:09]: Thank you, Mr. President. My delegation reaffirms Pakistan's unwavering solidarity with our brotherly nations of the Gulf Cooperation Council and Jordan. The sovereignty and territorial integrity of these fraternal states have been violated despite their support for dialogue and facilitation of diplomatic engagement. We condemn these attacks, for which there can be no justification. We also condemn the unwarranted attacks on the Islamic Republic of Iran that precipitated this avoidable conflict. This is a war that should never have happened. Instead, it has embroiled the entire region. Too many innocents are already paying the price. There can be no tolerance for attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure like housing, hospitals, schools, energy, and water desalination. Pakistan has consistently sought an immediate end to this conflict that has caused immense humanitarian suffering. Our leadership has expressed Pakistan's readiness to facilitate a comprehensive settlement of the ongoing conflict. It remains essential to avoid any steps that take us further from that goal. We commend the member states of the GCC and Jordan for their wisdom and for refraining from the use of force. The peoples of the Middle East and beyond deserve peace, stability, and prosperity, not a freefall into endless conflict and war. I thank you. HRC · President [1:43:28]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Ecuador. Ecuador [1:43:35]: President, Ecuador would like to welcome the convening of this urgent debate, and we align ourselves with the expressions of solidarity expressed vis-à-vis Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, and Jordan in light of the unprovoked attacks carried out by the Islamic Republic of Iran and the dire consequences they're entailing, including violations of international law. Including International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law. Ecuador would also like to express its deep solidarity vis-à-vis all the victims of these attacks and their family members, as well as our concern about the damage to civilian infrastructure. My country would also like to draw attention to the very serious implications these attacks are having on access to energy, water, food, transport, and other things with an impact on the enjoyment of human rights, especially those of the most vulnerable. In light of this, Ecuador reiterates the obligation that lies on all states to maintain international peace and security and the obligation to settle all international disputes through peaceful means. Therefore, my country supports the resolution presented by the countries of the GCC and Jordan, and we align ourselves with the calls for peace, diplomacy, and understanding among nations. And we reiterate our call for any escalation of violence in the region to be avoided and for unrestricted respect of human rights to be guaranteed. Thank you. HRC · President [1:45:01]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Vietnam. Viet Nam [1:45:06]: Thank you, Mr. President. Vietnam aligns itself with the ASEAN Joint Statement, which is in line with the ASEAN Foreign Minister's statement on this matter. Vietnam shares the concerns that the international community and consistently calls for respect for international law, the U.N. Charter, and the independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of all nations. We express deep concern over the increasingly complex and escalating conflict in the Middle East. Vietnam opposes the use of force against sovereign states, particularly those that have explicitly declared themselves uninvolved in the ongoing hostilities, and especially attacks on civilian infrastructure that result in loss of life. Such actions have caused serious damage and continue to threaten the right to life, the right to a safe, clean, and sustainable environment, and the right to food of people in the region, in particular of the most vulnerable groups. Vietnam calls upon all relevant parties to exercise maximum restraint, immediately cease all escalatory actions, and protect civilians and essential infrastructure. We urge the resumption of negotiations and the creation of favorable conditions for dialogue towards resolving all differences through peaceful means for the sake of the people and for peace, stability, and development, thereby protecting and promoting the human rights of all people both in the region and globally. I thank you, Mr. President. HRC · President [1:46:29]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Dominican Republic. Dominican Republic [1:46:35]: Muchísimas gracias. Thank you very much, President. We would like to express our deep concern at the recent events in the Middle East. Especially the recent attacks which have affected the security and regional stability and their serious repercussions on the enjoyment of human rights of the civilian population, which is affected both directly and indirectly. We welcome this urgent debate which reflects the deep concern of the international community in the face of the worsening of the conflict. We reaffirm our commitment to the fundamental principles of international law, including respect for sovereignty, and territorial integrity of states, the prohibition of the use of force, and the obligation to protect civilians at all times in keeping with international humanitarian law and international human rights law. We are of the view that the dialogue in this urgent debate is an opportunity to lend visibility to the human consequences of the situation. The Council's approach should focus on the protection of civilians and the promotion of peaceful settlements to disputes based on dialogue, restraint, and de-escalation. The Dominican Republic reaffirms that multilateralism, along with strict respect for international law by all parties, is the only legitimate and sustainable way to settle disputes. Finally, we would like to reiterate that we will continue to support all efforts aimed at maintaining global international peace and security. Thank you. HRC · President [1:48:04]: We shall now proceed with the list of observers of the Council, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Australia. Australia [1:48:14]: Thank you, President. Australia condemns the Islamic Republic of Iran's indiscriminate attacks against members of the Gulf Cooperation Council and Jordan, including its targeting of civilians and civilian infrastructure. We reiterate our call for Iran and its its proxies to cease all such attacks immediately. Australia stands in solidarity with members of the Gulf Cooperation Council and Jordan and affirms support for their sovereignty, security, and territorial integrity, including by co-sponsoring their resolution. We recognize the profound impact that Iran's actions are having on civilian populations in the region. Iran's weaponization of the Strait of Hormuz— impacting oil and fuel prices worldwide demonstrates its willingness to inflict economic pain on households and businesses across the world. Australia wants to see critical energy supplies flow to our region and our partners. As conflict across the region continues, we have not lost sight of Iran's ongoing human rights violations against its own people, including through unlawful killings, arbitrary detentions arrestations, disappearances, and torture. Internet blackouts exacerbate these actions by preventing the flow of information. We affirm the rights of the Iranian people and support their legitimate aspirations to decide their own future. Australia continues to call on all parties to uphold international humanitarian law to protect civilians, including humanitarian personnel. Thank you. HRC · President [1:49:45]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Canada. Canada [1:49:51]: Mr. President, Iran's attacks on Gulf countries and others in the region undermine the enjoyment of human rights and flagrantly violate international law and the UN Charter. Canada condemns the killing and injury of civilians in the attacks on critical infrastructure, including airports, ports, energy facilities, desalination plants, and residential areas. It is unacceptable that civilians are bearing the brunt of this conflict. This must end immediately. We stand in solidarity with our Gulf and Middle East partners and strongly condemn these armed attacks. With escalating regional tensions, Canada is also deeply concerned about the human rights of Iranians. We fear that unlawful killings, arbitrary detentions, disappearances, torture, and internet shutdowns in Iran will only intensify. It is vital that Iran cease these violations and uphold its human rights obligations. Iranians are also suffering from this war, facing critical shortages of basic goods, escalating living costs, and daily threat of attacks. Iran's dangerous and destabilizing actions, including the weaponization of the Strait of Hormuz, carry grave global economic, humanitarian, and security repercussions, disproportionately harming marginalized populations. Canadians calls on Iran to immediately and unconditionally comply with Security Council Resolution 2817 and to cease all strikes on civilians and civilian objects. We urge all parties to the conflict to de-escalate tensions, prioritize pathways for diplomacy and dialogue, and ensure the protection of civilians. Thank you. HRC · President [1:51:25]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Austria. Austria [1:51:41]: Thank you, Mr. President. Austria is deeply concerned by the recent developments in Iran and the spiral of military escalation in the wider region. We condemn Iran's unprovoked attacks against the GCC countries as well as Jordan. De-escalation is the utmost priority, and it is the responsibility of all actors to prevent further escalation. We urge all parties to return to diplomacy. We call on Iran and its proxies to immediately cease the indiscriminate military strikes against countries in the region. We call on Iran to, to, to, to respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of countries in the region in line with UN Security Council Resolution 2817, which must be fully implemented. Any targeting of civilians and critical infrastructure is unacceptable. It is a clear violation of IHL and with serious human rights consequences for affected populations, in particular when it results in, in, in the loss of civilian lives. We call on all parties to respect fully international law, including the principles of the UN Charter, IHL, and international human rights law. I thank you. HRC · President [1:53:15]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Costa Rica. Costa Rica [1:53:20]: Gracias, senor. Thank you, President. Costa Rica stands in solidarity with Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Jordan in the face of the unprovoked attacks by the Islamic Republic of Iran, and which began on 28th of February, 2026. These deliberate attacks, which have affected civilian populations and critical infrastructure such as airports, energy facilities, desalination plants, and residential areas amount to gross violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law. They have caused loss of innocent lives and undermined the enjoyment of fundamental rights such as the right to life, to healthcare, and to decent living standards, especially among vulnerable people, and they are having repercussions at the international level. Costa Rica would like to recall that, as the International Court of Justice said, international humanitarian law and international human rights law are to be applied simultaneously in a complementary way, and they are mutually reinforcing. My country supports the contents of the call contained in the draft resolution that is to be examined during the urgent debate for Iran to immediately cease all attacks against the countries concerned and to comply with Resolution 2817 of the Security Council. We must guarantee accountability and reparation for victims for human rights violations, including those related to the human right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment. We call for dialogue in order to find peaceful solutions to the disputes in the Middle East and to focus attention on the benefits of regional cooperation and sustainable development on the basis of human rights in order to achieve lasting peace. Thank you. HRC · President [1:55:03]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Syrian Arab Republic. Syrian Arab Republic [1:55:12]: President, the Syrian Arab Republic firmly condemns Iran's attacks against the integrity of a number of member states and the attacks against civilian infrastructure, including diplomatic missions that benefit from special protection under international law. Such attacks are gross violations of international law and international humanitarian law, and they undermine the principles of the U.N. Charter, in particular respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity of states and the prohibition of the use of force. We recall Resolution 2817 of the Security Council, which itself recalls the inalienable right of states to self-defense in accordance with Article 51 of the U.N. Charter, and it recalls the need to— for measures to be taken to preserve international security. We call for an end to such attacks and for full respect of international law so as to give preference to a diplomatic approach based on dialogue while avoiding any measures that hamper maritime navigation or threaten maritime safety and security. We stand in solidarity with our brotherly Arab States, and we recall that any attack against the stability of one state is an attack against regional peace and security. Thank you. Thank you. HRC · President [1:56:42]: I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Argentina. Argentina [1:56:50]: Thank you, President. As many countries did on the 11th of March in the Security Council, today we are once again speaking out loud and clear, and we support the draft resolution. We firmly condemn the attacks carried out by Iran against the United Arab Emirates, against Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan, and we stand in solidarity with these countries and their victims. The approval of Resolution 2817, which Argentina co-sponsored and which achieved the greatest number of co-sponsors in the history of the Security Council, sent an unequivocal message: the international community cannot stand by indifferently when regional stability is under threat and when sovereignty of states is undermined and when their territorial integrity is at risk and when human rights are not being respected and the civilian populations are being attacked. One cannot continue to sow violence internally and around the world without distinction. The armed wing of evil knows no spatial or temporal limits. Our country is not 30 kilometers away from Iran. We're not 100 kilometers away. We are 1,400 kilometers away, and even so we have felt the situation in the flesh. President, according to the Argentinian judiciary, two bomb attacks—one in 1992 against the embassy of Israel and another in 1994 against a Jewish institution—which were carried out by international terrorism claimed the lives of more than 100 people and wounded hundreds more. We hope, President, that in Iran reason will triumph over anger, sound judgment will triumph over madness, and that lucidity will prevail over violence. Surely that's not too much to ask. Thank you. Thank you. HRC · President [1:58:22]: I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Mauritania. Mauritania [1:58:30]: Thank you, Mr. President. The Mauritanian Islamic Republic strongly condemns the unprovoked Iranian aggression on a number of brotherly Arab countries, and it expresses its unconditional support and solidarity with the with these countries and its rejection of any attack on its security, sovereignty, and territorial integrity. Such aggressions are a flagrant violation of the provisions of the international law and the UN Charter, and it undermines the principles of respecting the national sovereignty and territorial integrity of countries. Also targets civilians and civilian infrastructure, including airports, ports, as well as medical and food security services. In conclusion, we call upon the parties concerned to immediately put an end to such aggressions and to give a a true opportunity to diplomacy. Thank you. Thank you. HRC · President [1:59:44]: I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Peru. Peru [1:59:48]: Gracias, señor presidente. Thank you, sir. Peru would like to express its sincerest condolences for the lives— the loss in human lives as a result of the serious escalation of violence which continues to affect the Middle East, and we restate our firm condemnation of the attacks perpetrated against the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and Jordan. In step with our position, Peru co-sponsored Resolution 2817 of the Security Council adopted on the 11th of March, 2026. Peru condemns the fact that the attacks have affected the civilian population and critical civilian infrastructure with serious consequences on the effective enjoyment of human rights. These acts contravene international law and require a clear response from the international community. Peru expresses its solidarity with those affected and appeals to all parties to comply fully with its obligations pursuant to international humanitarian law and international human rights law. President Perú very much hopes that there will be a prompt de-escalation in the tensions in the Gulf region and in the Middle East. We would like to restate that The full respect for international law and the sovereignty of states, the territorial integrity, and the peaceful resolution of disputes in line with the United Nations Charter will be the only way to achieve lasting peace and sustainable stability in the region. Thank you. HRC · President [2:01:16]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Germany. Germany [2:01:22]: Thank you, Mr. President. Germany welcomes this urgent debate to address the indiscriminate and unjustifiable attacks perpetrated by Iran against countries in the region and shipping routes. These reckless attacks must stop immediately. They imperil regional and global security, with grave repercussions for human rights and economic well-being in the region and worldwide. The countries attacked by Iran deserve our full solidarity. We reaffirm our support for their security, sovereignty, and territorial integrity. We also reiterate our call for Iran to end its brutal repression of its own population and urge them to uphold the human rights of all its citizens. Germany calls for the protection of civilians and for the full respect of international law and international humanitarian law. I thank you. HRC · President [2:02:15]: Thank you. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Ireland. Ireland [2:02:21]: President, thank you. Ireland aligns with the statement of the European Union. The current conflict in the Gulf and the wider Middle East is particularly challenging and undermines human rights in all affected countries. Ireland calls for de-escalation and maximum restraint, the protection of all civilians and civilian infrastructure, and full respect for international law by all parties. Iran's indiscriminate military strikes against countries in the region are unacceptable. And they must stop. We are deeply concerned by the human rights implications of these strikes, which have included strikes against civilian infrastructure and have resulted in loss of civilian life. We call for respect for universal human rights and fundamental freedoms by all states. Ireland recalls that international humanitarian law applies to all parties in the conduct of military operations and must be upheld. Any deliberate attacks on hospitals, schools, water treatment on energy facilities and energy infrastructure violate the rights of citizens, of civilians, regardless of location. We call on Iran to cease violence and repression against its own people and to comply with its obligations under international law, including international human rights law and international humanitarian law, in particular the protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure. We call for effort, for all efforts to be made to end armed hostilities and for a return to negotiations to resolve matters of dispute. Thank you. HRC · President [2:03:41]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Malta. Malta [2:03:46]: Thank you, Mr. President. Malta aligns itself with the EU statement. We remain seriously concerned about the dangerous escalation and deteriorating security situation in the Middle East and Gulf region. We condemn the unprovoked ongoing attacks on the Gulf countries and Jordan, who are not party to the conflict. Risking further destabilizing an already fragile regional environment and exacerbating risks to civilian populations. We call on Iran to immediately halt all such attacks and to comply with UN Security Council Resolution 2817. These attacks are also directly affecting the lives and livelihoods of thousands of citizens and foreign nationals residing in the affected countries in the Gulf and the wider region., exposing them to harm and possible death. We are particularly concerned by reports of attacks targeting civilian infrastructure, including residential areas, airports, and energy facilities. Critical civilian infrastructure must never be targeted. We urge Iran to abide by internationally agreed principles of international humanitarian law and international human rights law and cease targeting densely populated civilian areas. Marine vessels should not be attacked. Safeguarding freedom of navigation, including the Strait of Hormuz, remains essential. Malta also calls upon all parties directly linked to hostilities to prioritize dialogue and diplomacy in line with the principles of the UN Charter. Escalation only deepens human suffering and undermines prospects of sustainable peace. I thank you. Thank you. HRC · President [2:05:19]: I give the floor to the distinguished representative of New Zealand. New Zealand [2:05:23]: Mr. President, New Zealand condemns in the strongest terms Iran's attacks on Qatar, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Jordan. New Zealand is deeply concerned by the devastating impacts of the conflict on innocent civilians, including the increasing death toll and displacement as a consequence of indiscriminate and targeted attacks on residential areas and critical civilian infrastructure. New Zealand is deeply concerned at the impact of the conflict on the human rights of everyone affected. We call on all parties to uphold their obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law, particularly regarding the protection of civilians and civilian objects in armed conflict. Innocent people must not bear the cost of this conflict. Human rights must be upheld and protected at all times. We implore all states to take urgent action to protect civilians, uphold international law, and prevent further loss of life. Thank you, Mr. President. Thank you. HRC · President [2:06:28]: I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Belgium. Belgium [2:06:33]: Mr. President, Belgium aligns itself with the EU statement. The GCC countries and Jordan didn't ask for war, yet they are now the ones confronted with attacks that jeopardize regional stability and security and have serious implications for the protection of human rights. We commend their, their restraint as well as their continued appeals grounded in the principles and purposes of the UN Charter and international law. Belgium firmly condemns these attacks. We call on Iran to stop and respect the sovereignty and inter— territorial integrity of countries in the region in line in line with Security Council Resolution 2817, which should be fully implemented. We also call for immediate de-escalation and maximum restraint by all parties involved in the wider conflict. International law, including IHL and human rights law, must be respected at all times. Even war has rules. People in the Gulf, as well as in Iran itself, have the right to the full and effective enjoyment of their fundamental rights, including the rights to life, to food, to the highest attainable standard of health, and to a healthy environment. Lastly, disruptions to free navigation, energy security, and global trade must be resolved without delay. We welcome the UN's readiness to mediate in this regard. I thank you. HRC · President [2:07:57]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Slovakia. Slovakia [2:08:03]: Mr. President, Slovakia aligns itself with the statement delivered by the European Union. The unprovoked military aggression by the Islamic Republic of Iran against a number of states in the region poses a serious threat to international peace and security, with profound consequences for human rights. Iran's attacks have deliberately targeted civilians and critical infrastructure, including airports, ports, energy installations, and residential areas, resulting in fatalities, injuries, and extensive destruction. The consequent disruption of essential services such as water, electricity, healthcare, and food supplies has further deepened already severe humanitarian challenges. Such actions constitute clear violations of international law, including humanitarian law, and core obligations under international human rights law. Today, Human Rights Council must confront the grim reality: Iran's attacks on Gulf countries have not only escalated regional tensions, but have also led to immense suffering for innocent civilians whose safety, dignity, and fundamental freedoms are under threat. We condemn these violations, demand full compliance with international law, and call for full accountability for these violations. Safeguarding human rights demands urgent, unified action from all of us, without delay and without exception. I thank you. HRC · President [2:09:36]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Libya. Libya [2:09:43]: Shukran. Thank you, Mr. President. We condemn the Iranian attacks that have affected Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Oman, and Jordan. They are violation of international law and Charter of the United Nations and the violations of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of countries. And we support the draft resolution submitted. We condemn the targeting of civilians and civilian infrastructure, which is a violation of the international humanitarian law and international human rights law, and it destabilizes international peace and security and the principles of good neighborliness. The respect of safety, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of countries is a priority. We call upon seizing all hostilities and going back to dialogue and the respect of diplomatic solutions. Thank you, Mr. President. HRC · President [2:11:00]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka [2:11:05]: Sri Lanka remains deeply concerned by the escalating situation in the Middle East and West Asia. We are saddened by the tragic loss of civilian life and unequivocally condemn any attacks against civilians and civilian infrastructure in the region. We underscored that the protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure on all sides is a fundamental obligation under international humanitarian law and stand firm in our commitment to the sanctity of human life and upholding global peace. Sri Lanka reiterates the need to respect the principles and purposes of the UN Charter, which prohibits the use of force against territorial integrity and political independence of any state. As a country firmly committed to the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states, Sri Lanka calls upon all states to respect these age-old principles, to exercise maximum restraint, and to return to negotiations to prevent further aggravation of this dire situation. Mr. President, the direct and indirect consequences of the ongoing situation on the entire region and beyond are evident, disrupting the daily lives and livelihoods of civilians, impacting national and world economies. Therefore, Mr. President, Sri Lanka urges all parties concerned to engage in meaningful dialogue and to take good-faith measures to de-escalate tensions, given the serious threat posed to global stability, peace, and security. Thank you, Mr. President. HRC · President [2:12:32]: Thank you. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Croatia. Croatia [2:12:39]: Thank you, Mr. President. Croatia aligns itself with the EU statement. We welcome the timely action of the Human Rights Council to convene this urgent debate. Croatia strongly condemns Iranian attacks on GCC and neighboring countries, which further escalate the already highly unstable situation in the Middle East. Furthermore, GCC partners have been continuously working towards regional stabilization, and Iranian attacks attacks have severely undermined their efforts. We express our deep concern about the military escalation in the region, which is turning into a spiral of uncontrolled violence and increasingly taking a toll on civilian populations, severely undermining the enjoyment of their human rights. We call on all parties to cease the attacks on civilian infrastructure, particularly energy and water supply facilities. The safety and protection of civilians in accordance with with international humanitarian law remain a priority. Targeting energy infrastructure, as well as disruptions along vital energy routes and supply chains, pose a global economic threat with consequences already being felt. We urge all parties involved to act with restraint and to engage in efforts to reach a diplomatic solution to the conflict. Croatia reiterates its calls for de-escalation and for maximum protection of the civilians while fully respecting protecting national sovereignty as well as international law and the UN Charter. I thank you. HRC · President [2:14:03]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of San Marino. San Marino [2:14:08]: Thank you, President. San Marino supports the draft resolution Human Rights Implications of the Unprovoked Attacks by the Islamic Republic of Iran Against Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Jordan, and reaffirm its traditional position to protect human rights, condemns any attacks against civilians and civilian infrastructure, and reiterates its full support for the defense and respect of international law. Thank you. HRC · President [2:14:46]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Russian Russian Federation. Russian Federation [2:14:54]: President, as a result of an unprovoked American-Israeli aggression against Iran, an erstwhile stable and prosperous region is rapidly sinking into an abyss of chaos and uncertainty. Against a backdrop of ongoing airstrikes by the U.S. and Israel against Iran and the retaliatory action by the Islamic Republic, civilians are suffering and civilian infrastructure is being destroyed in Iran and neighboring countries. One of the objectives of those behind this spiral of tension is clear: to destroy the process of normalization of relations between Iran and the Arab world that had started to take shape in recent years. It is a secret to no one that the primary cause of this unprecedented crisis is the latest perfidious attack by the US and Israel against Iran, once again under the COVID of a negotiations process. Responsibility for the new outbreak of violence in the region fully lies with those countries who have deliberately provoked the escalation—the US and Israel. They bear responsibility for the consequences on global energy and food security, for the risks of radioactive contamination due to strikes on a nuclear power plant, Bushehr, and for the environmental disaster following the destruction of oil storage facilities near Tehran and strikes against a gas field, South Pass. We call for military actions to cease and for the situation to move to a political and diplomatic settlement. The first step would be to cease attacks against civilian infrastructure in order to prevent civilian deaths and irreparable damage to civilian infrastructure. Thank you. Thank you. HRC · President [2:16:27]: I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Uruguay. Uruguay [2:16:34]: President, Uruguay is grateful to the OHCHR for the updated information provided on the human its, and international humanitarian law impact as a result of the current situation in the Middle East. The military attacks of the Islamic Republic of Iran against neighboring countries such as Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, which have claimed human lives and caused the destruction of civilian infrastructure of those countries, are unjustifiable and warrant our condemnation. Since the 28th of February last, civilian populations, hospitals, Schools, energy plants which support hospitals and heating and cooling systems have been attacked, removing them from the protection granted by the Geneva Conventions. Hospitals, health staff and equipment, schools, pupils, teaching and non-teaching staff have been attacked systematically, leading to thousands of civilian casualties. These are lives that have been broken forever. Uruguay, a member of the international community built on consolidated rules, demands the beginning of a military de-escalation, compliance with basic IHL standards, and the resumption of diplomatic negotiations. Thank you very much. Thank you. HRC · President [2:17:50]: I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Portugal. Portugal [2:17:55]: Portugal aligns itself with the statement delivered by the European Union. We call on all parties to exercise maximum restraint and to return to negotiations. In any event, we stress the urgency of an immediate halt of attacks against critical civilian infrastructures. We condemn Iran's military strikes against neighboring states and express our solidarity with the affected countries and populations. The human rights consequences of these unjustifiable attacks are profound and cannot be ignored. Civilian populations bear the heaviest— burden, with a particularly acute impact on vulnerable groups. Communities are displaced, access to essential services is disrupted, and civilian sites, including energy and water infrastructure, are being targeted. The destabilizing effects extend far beyond the region, threat— threatening global supply chains and humanitarian systems, while deepening existing inequalities worldwide. The protection of civilians and accountability for human rights violations must be ensured. We urge Iran to immediately cease all actions that endanger civilian lives and infrastructure and to fully comply with its obligations under international law, including UN Security Council Resolution 2817. A diplomatic solution is urgently needed. Portugal stands ready to support all efforts towards the end of hostilities and fully supports the resolution tabled by the GCC countries and Jordan. I thank you. Thank you. HRC · President [2:19:31]: I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Nauru. Nauru [2:19:42]: Thank you, Mr. President. Nauru expresses its deep concern at the recent escalation of violence affecting GCC states and Jordan. We extend our sincere condolences and strongly condemn the resulting loss of life, injuries, and damage to civilian infrastructure. We underscore the importance of upholding international law at all times, including principles of sovereignty, territorial integrity, and good neighboring relations, and reiterate that dispute must be resolved through peaceful means and dialogue. Despite its geographic distance from the region, Nauru, like other Small Island Developing States, is nonetheless affected by the broader consequences of such instability. Disruptions to maritime routes, particularly through the Strait of Hormuz, have far-reaching implications for global energy markets, supply chains, and transport systems. For small and vulnerable economies, any volatility in fuel and commodity prices can undermine economic resilience, constrain fiscal space, and adversely affect the enjoyment of economic and social rights. In this regard, we call for immediate de-escalation of violence to prevent further economic strain and loss of life. We therefore call all parties to exercise maximum restraint and to pursue a swift and peaceful resolution in line with international law and the principles of the Charter of the United Nations. Thank you. HRC · President [2:21:02]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Ukraine. Ukraine [2:21:08]: Mr. President, Ukraine strongly condemns the recent military aggression by Iran against Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, including strikes targeting civilians and civilian infrastructure. These actions constitute a grave violation of international law and a serious threat to regional and global security. We express our full solidarity with all affected States its victims, and confirm our support of the draft resolution. The attacks are part of a broader pattern of destabilizing behaviour by Iran, which also continues to support Russia in its war of aggression against Ukraine. We will never forget thousands of Iranian-made drones used to strike our peaceful cities and civilians. We also are deeply concerned by attempts to undermine freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz. For Ukraine, this is painfully familiar. In 2022, Russia attempted to block maritime trade in the Black Sea. Ukraine resisted and restored freedom of navigation. We support all international efforts to ensure freedom of navigation and call for full respect of international law. We call on the international community to respond firmly, ensure accountability, ensuring through— including through ensuring repatriation for victims and upholding international law. Our position is clear: terror must be met with decisive and coordinated actions. I thank you. Thank you. HRC · President [2:22:34]: I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Romania. Romania [2:22:40]: Romania aligns with the EU statement. We welcome the decision by the Human Rights Council to hold this urgent debate and support the resolutions submitted by the GCC and Jordan. We are profoundly concerned with the deepening of the conflict in the Gulf region and the toll it has taken on civilians and civilian infrastructure. Iran and its proxies in the region seek chaos and instability, as their deliberate drones and missiles attacks have struck hotels, airports, diplomatic premises, and energy facilities. Military escalation resulting in the disruption of the shipping flows in the Strait of Hormuz has immediate and possible long-term consequences on global supply chains. The impact on global food and energy security, enjoyment of fundamental human rights, and economic development will be consequential and significant. Romania expresses its solidarity with partners in the region and calls for the immediate implementation of the Security Council Resolution 2817, renewed diplomatic efforts are essential to ensure security and stability in the region. Mr. President, as the war escalates, the human rights situation in Iran continues to worsen with reports of continued repression and waves of arrests. We continue to draw attention to the situation of political prisoners in Iran and voice our grave concern with reports of limited access to food and risks of enforced disappearance and executions. I thank you, Mr. President. Thank you. HRC · President [2:24:10]: I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Belarus. Belarus [2:24:16]: Thank you. Respect for sovereignty and the total integrity must apply to all states, all member states of the United Nations in accordance with the Charter. The violation of this principle against Iran and the treacherous aggression against this country were the reasons behind the large-scale armed conflict which today is claiming many lives and causing suffering not just for Iranians but also for people in neighboring countries. Belarus is against any military actions that leads to the death of civilians and children and the destruction of civilian infrastructure. We are concerned by the spread of the conflict to friendly countries of the Gulf who are not directly— parties to the conflict, and we are concerned by the damage they have suffered. We express sincere solidarity and sympathy in light of the loss of life in all countries affected by the conflict. Further escalation of military actions risks negative consequences for the global economy, trade, and food security, and can trigger socioeconomic turmoil in countries in the region and beyond. We call all countries to show restraint, and for those countries that have influence, we urge them to use diplomatic channels and mediation in order to swiftly bring an end to armed attacks in order to restore peace and peaceful relations in the region. HRC · President [2:25:44]: I thank you. Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Montenegro. Montenegro [2:25:53]: Escalating hostilities in the Middle East threaten regional and global security and continue to claim lives. We strongly condemn Iran's unprovoked and destabilizing military strikes against GCC states, Jordan, and across the region. The deliberate targeting of civilians and civilian infrastructure, including essential services and energy facilities, clearly violates international law and the UN Charter, undermining both international security and human rights. The Gulf region is vital to global stability. Escalation is already disrupting maritime maritime security and freedom of navigation, particularly through the Strait of Hormuz. The consequences are far-reaching, affecting global energy markets, trade flows, supply chains, and livelihoods worldwide, with cascading effects on economic stability and human rights. Montenegro reaffirms its full support for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and political independence of affected states and expresses solidarity with their people. We call on Iran and its proxies to immediately cease to cease attacks and comply fully with international law, including the implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 2817. We further urge Iran's authorities to meet its international obligation and to respect, protect, and fulfill universal human rights of its people. Civilians and critical infrastructure must be protected and accountability ensured. De-escalation is vital. We call for restraint, full respect for international law, and the return to meaningful dialogue and diplomatic solutions. Montenegro supports the resolution presented by the GCC countries and Jordan and calls for its adoption by consensus. Thank you. HRC · President [2:27:24]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Algeria. Algeria [2:27:32]: President, Algeria would like to express its deep concern in the face of the serious developments in the Middle East. We express our full solidarity vis-à-vis the Arab states that have been affected by military attacks. We categorically condemn all attacks against these brotherly countries, as well as against their sovereignty and territorial integrity and the security of their people. We will always stand alongside our Arab brothers in the face of such unacceptable violations and loss of human life and material damage. We firmly condemn attacks against civilians and civilian infrastructure, and we reaffirm that respect for international humanitarian law is not an option. It must be respected in all circumstances. President, Algeria abides by the principles of the UN Charter, in particular peaceful settlement of disputes. Through dialogue and in keeping with the principles of the UN Charter and the principles of international law, we would like in this respect to condemn— to commend the approach followed by the Arab states, which gives priority to diplomatic choices and dialogue. We welcome the restraint shown by these countries. Thank you. HRC · President [2:29:01]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Maldives. Maldives [2:29:07]: Mr. President, the Maldives remains deeply concerned by the continued escalation of military tensions in the Gulf region. We further condemn all attacks against civilians and civilian infrastructure resulting in the tragic loss of innocent lives and underscore that such attacks violate international law and international humanitarian law. In this regard, the Maldives strongly condemns the indiscriminate attacks launched by the Islamic Republic of Iran targeting civilian locations and critical infrastructure in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, State of Qatar, Kingdom of Bahrain, State of Kuwait, Sultanate of Oman, and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. We are further concerned about the broader humanitarian and economic consequences of these developments, including disruption disruptions to international shipping and global markets. Guided by the principles of UN Charter, including peaceful dispute settlements and the prohibition of force, and in line with Security Council Resolution 2817, the Maldives stresses the urgent need to de-escalate. The Government of Maldives reiterates its call to the international community to intensify diplomatic efforts, including towards securing an immediate ceasefire aimed at restoring peace, stability, and security to the region. I thank you. Thank you. HRC · President [2:30:33]: I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Greece. Greece [2:30:40]: Thank you, Mr. President. Greece aligns with the EU statement. Greece expressed deep concern over the escalation of hostilities in the Gulf region and strongly condemns the unprovoked and deliberate Iranian strikes against GCC countries and Jordan, causing civilian casualties and violating their human rights. They must stop immediately. We support the resolution presented by the GCC and Jordan. We stress the importance of refraining from attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure, including energy and water facilities, and of fully respecting international humanitarian and human rights law and the international law of the Sea. Maritime security and stability in transport and energy supply chains are essential to prevent broader humanitarian and economic impacts worldwide and to uphold human rights. We therefore call for the unconditional restoration of freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz and for the maintenance of safe shipping routes, underscoring the importance of the exercise of navigational rights in accordance with international law and Umkhlos. Greece calls on all parties to exercise restraint and avoid greater escalation, which would further undermine regional stability and international security. We underline that only dialogue, diplomacy, and engagement can help reduce tensions and create the conditions for a lasting negotiated solution. Greece supports diplomatic efforts for de-escalation and the protection of human rights in the region. In this regard, we reiterate our urgent call for the respect of human rights and fundamental freedoms of the Iranian people. I thank you. Thank you. HRC · President [2:32:15]: I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan [2:32:20]: Thank you, Mr. President. Kazakhstan expresses serious concern over the continued escalation in the Middle East and the growing risk to regional peace and stability. As a country situated in a wider region, Kazakhstan attaches particular importance to preserving stability and preventing further deterioration As a co-founding state of the Global Initiative to Galvanize Political Commitment to International Humanitarian Law, Kazakhstan underscores the need for full respect for the International Humanitarian Law, the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states, and for the protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure. In the current highly volatile circumstances, all parties should exercise maximum restraint. We believe that the earliest possible return to dialogue and negotiation is essential. Kazakhstan stands ready to support peace efforts, including by hosting such dialogue. Kazakhstan consistently advocates respect for international norms and the United Nations Charter, and remains convinced that existing differences must be resolved exclusively by political and diplomatic means. Thank you, Mr. President. HRC · President [2:33:29]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Somalia. Somalia [2:33:36]: Somalia expresses its deep concern regarding the current developments in the Middle East. The Federal Republic of Somalia condemns the attacks carried out by the Islamic Republic of Iran targeting the territories of the Kingdom of Bahrain, the State of Kuwait, the Sultanate of Oman, the State of Qatar, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, and expresses its grave concern over these unfortunate developments. We recall the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and relevant international human rights treaties and stress the importance of all respect for human rights law. We reaffirm our full support and solidarity with these countries, underscoring our commitment to their sovereignty, security, and territorial integrity. These developments raise serious concerns regarding respect for international law and risk further escalating tensions in the region, posing a threat to international peace and security. We stress the urgent need to secure the protection of all civilians and civilian infrastructures, as well as respect for all human rights in all circumstances. In this regard, the Federal Republic of Somalia calls for urgent de-escalation maximum restraint, and constructive dialogue among all parties with a view to promoting stability and achieving a peaceful resolution in accordance with international law. And I thank you. HRC · President [2:35:01]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Paraguay. Paraguay [2:35:07]: President, the delegation of Paraguay welcomes the convening of this urgent debate in the face of the— grave situation triggered by the military attacks committed by the Islamic Republic of Iran against various states of the Middle East. Paraguay firmly condemns these acts, which constitute a gross violation of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the states concerned, with direct consequences on the civilian population and critical infrastructure, and which have caused loss of innocent lives. We also express our solidarity vis-à-vis the peoples and governments affected and reaffirm the need for international humanitarian law and international human rights law to be fully respected. These events added to fresh attacks and the support for terrorist organizations and violence against the civilian population demonstrate a conduct which not only openly defies international peace and security, but also undermines the efforts of the international community aimed at de-escalation and also foments growing instability in the region. This council cannot remain indifferent in the face of situations which, in addition to constituting serious violations of international law, have a negative impact on the effective enjoyment of human rights. Paraguay urges the Islamic Republic of Iran to immediately cease all hostile actions and to refrain from the use of force and to focus on a negotiated solution that is serious and in good faith in order to enable effective and lasting de-escalation, preventing any further escalation of the current conflict. Thank you. Thank you. HRC · President [2:36:40]: I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Kyrgyzstan. Kyrgyzstan [2:36:47]: Kyrgyzstan would like to express its serious concern at the escalation in tension and the involvement of new countries in the conflict in the Middle East, and we also condemn all attacks against civilians, and we regret the civilian victims and attacks against civilian infrastructure. Call on the parties— we praise the restraint shown by the countries of the Gulf, which is preventing any further escalation. Kyrgyzstan reaffirms the importance of strictly abiding by the laws of international humanitarian law and the prevention of attacks against civilian infrastructure. And we also urge for a move to negotiations and dialogue. We strongly insist on upholding the U.N. Charter and international law. Continuing the conflict will not serve the interests of any party, and the conflict should be resolved through political and diplomatic means. We hope that today's debate within the HRC will help to lower tensions, strengthen trust, and constitute the necessary conditions for a peaceful settlement. We call on all those involved to show the utmost restraint and to refrain from any steps that could further exacerbate the situation, and to focus on seeking solutions through dialogue and diplomacy. Thank you. HRC · President [2:38:08]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the State of Palestine. State of Palestine [2:38:20]: President, first of all, we would like to express our solidarity vis-à-vis the brotherly Arab states, and we condemn Iran's attacks despite Arab states' efforts at mediation with a view to finding a political solution through negotiations. We condemn the attacks against states and their territorial integrity by any party, and we condemn attacks against civilians and children and civilian infrastructure, including oil fields and economic facilities, as this represents a violation of international law and of the UN UN Charter. We condemn attacks by the Israeli occupying power against the Palestinian people. The occupying force is exploiting this situation and is the only beneficiary of this escalation. Israel is exploiting the situation in order to build more settlements, to kill innocents, and to prevent the supply of humanitarian aid, which is undermining international credibility. We support the Gulf Cooperation Council and Jordan and Lebanon, as well as Iraq, against these attacks, and we call for an end to this war while fostering dialogue and respect for international law in order to promote international peace and security. I thank you. HRC · President [2:39:50]: Thank you. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Malaysia. Mr. Malaysia [2:39:55]: President, we thank the convenors for this urgent debate and recognize the broader sequence of events that bring us here. Malaysia is deeply concerned by the recent escalation of military actions and retaliatory strikes across the region. Such escalation undermines the principles of sovereignty and territorial integrity and the prohibition of the— on the use of force under the UN Charter. 3 weeks ago, many in this council, including Malaysia, called for immediate de-escalation and restraint. Instead, we are witnessing dangerous escalation. We commend the GCC countries and Jordan for their restraint and for continuously seeking a diplomatic solution to this conflict. Malaysia is deeply alarmed by the expansion of attacks, including on critical energy infrastructure. These are not military targets, but civilian infrastructure essential to the functioning of societies. We also underscored the importance of freedom of navigation, given their critical role in sustaining global trade and economic stability. If this situation is allowed to go on, there will be far graver consequences for the international community as a whole. Humanitarian suffering, deepening geopolitical fragmentation, and wider economic instability would only be the beginning. Malaysia therefore reiterates the urgent need for immediate de-escalation, cessation of hostilities, and a return to dialogue. Any sustainable resolution must address the root causes of the conflict and be grounded in international law. Thank you. HRC · President [2:41:22]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Venezuela. Gracias. Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) [2:41:30]: Thank you, President. Faced with the situation that threatens international peace and security, we call for the defense of international law and of the UN Charter, whose Article 33 Article 23 stipulates that disputes must be settled through peaceful means such as negotiations, mediation, and dialogue. We cannot ignore the causes that have led to the military escalation, nor can we ignore their consequences. Therefore, we respectfully call on all parties involved to resume diplomatic dialogue as the only way for overcoming differences and for preserving the region's stability in keeping with the principles of Article 2.4 of the UN Charter. The solution won't come from weapons, but from mutual understanding among parties. Faced with attempts to normalize conflicts, it is necessary to step up diplomacy. The international community has a responsibility to support these principles without ambiguity or double standards. Only thus can we consolidate and preserve peace and to meet the demands of peoples. Thank you very much. HRC · President [2:42:50]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Nigeria. Nigeria [2:42:57]: Mr. President, Nigeria expresses deep concern over the rising tension in the Gulf region and risks of further escalation with potential have grave consequences for regional and global stability. We call on all parties to exercise maximum restraint, refrain from actions that could intensify hostility, and prioritize dialogue over confrontation. We urge strict adherence to the United Nations Charter and international humanitarian law, particularly with respect to sovereignty, territorial integrity, and the peaceful settlement of disputes. Nigeria further emphasizes the need for restraint in the use of force to prevent further loss of civilian lives and avoid actions that may undermine established norms of international law. The preservation of international legal framework governing the use of force remains essential to the protection of civilians and the maintenance of international order. As a strong advocate of multilateralism and constructive engagement, Nigeria supports renewed diplomatic efforts within international and regional framework to resolve the We encourage initiatives aimed at dialogue, mediation, and confidence-building. In conclusion, Nigeria stands with the international community in calling for calm and remains convinced that sustainable peace can only be achieved through diplomacy, mutual respect, and respect for international law. I thank you. Thank you. HRC · President [2:44:19]: I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Rwanda. Rwanda [2:44:25]: Rwanda remains deeply concerned by the ongoing escalation in the Middle East. We reaffirm that the protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure, as well as the respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states, are the fundamental obligations under international law. In this context, Rwanda supports the resolution before this Council, as it underscores these essential principles. We stress that its implementation must contribute to de-escalation, with ceasefire efforts and the pursuit of sustainable peace prioritized by all parties concerned. Rwanda calls for an immediate de-escalation, a cessation of hostilities, and urgent measures to protect civilian populations, preserve vital infrastructure, and ensure the safety of key economic and maritime routes. At this critical At this critical juncture, renewed diplomatic engagement must be advanced to prevent further loss of life. Rwanda stands in solidarity with the GCC member states and with Jordan, and supports all efforts aimed at restoring calm, protecting civilians, and advancing a durable and peaceful resolution. I thank you, Mr. President. Thank you. HRC · President [2:45:41]: I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Lebanon. Lebanon [2:45:49]: Thank you, President. Lebanon would like to express its firm condemnation of the attacks carried out by the Islamic Republic of Iran against the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the member states of the GCC and against Jordan. And we recall our full solidarity with the peoples and governments of these countries in the face of these aggressions. These attacks are a clear violation of international law, and their consequences have been destructive for civilians and for civilian infrastructure. President Lebanon, which suffers and continues to suffer from the humanitarian and social impact of conflicts, including the impact of the latest Israeli attacks is all too aware of the scope of the destructive impact conflict has on civilians. And we would like to recall that these developments are coming at a very sensitive time for the region. These developments are undermining efforts aimed at the promotion of dialogue and aimed at addressing tensions and at the adoption of peaceful approaches. Such developments weaken the constructive role played by the affected countries, a role of mediation, diplomacy. We would like to express our deep concern for these— this escalation poses a serious threat to regional peace and security and international peace and security, and can have repercussions on economic resilience and the safety of maritime navigation. Lebanon calls for an immediate end to all attacks and calls for the full respect of international law. The protection of civilians must remain the absolute priority. Thank you. HRC · President [2:47:42]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Chad. Microphone, please. Chad [2:48:02]: Merci. Thank you, President. Chad would like to express its deep concern about the escalating tensions in Middle East following recent developments in terms of security and which have already affected several countries in the region. This situation poses serious risk risks for regional peace and stability and for international security. Therefore, Chad would like to express its solidarity with the states of the Gulf and Jordan who have been affected by the violence. We call on all parties concerned to show restraint so as to prevent any action that might further exacerbate tensions or entail an uncontrolled escalation with with nefarious consequences for human rights, international trade, and the global economy. While we urge all parties to show restraint and to end all violence, Chad also calls for the parties to engage in a ceasefire, to opt for dialogue and diplomatic channels in order to foster de-escalation and to reach a peaceful and lasting settlement. To conclude, Chad would like to reaffirm its commitment to the principles and universal values enshrined in the UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and we support the resolution that this urgent debate will consider. Thank you. HRC · President [2:49:26]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Yemen. Yemen [2:49:38]: Mr. President, my country condemns in the firmest terms the unjustified attacks by Iran and the systematic attack against the countries of the Gulf Cooperation and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, and the human and material damage and the damage inflicted upon civilian infrastructure, including vital infrastructure linked to food, energy, and water. All this represents a gross violation of international law and international humanitarian law. President, Iran's irrational attempt to expand the circle of war and drag in the peaceful Arab States who have refused to play any part in the role is very detrimental to regional peace and security and international peace and security. Threats to maritime navigation further complicate the economic and humanitarian situation, including at the international level. Finally, Yemen would like to recall the need to fully comply with international law and the implementation of the relevant resolutions from the UN Security Council, and we would like to recall the importance of accountability and reparations for victims. We invite the Human Rights Council to shoulder its responsibilities and to ensure that the aggressor will be held to account in humanitarian and human terms. SMOM [2:51:23]: Thank you, Mr. President. The Sovereign Order of Malta is deeply preoccupied by the military escalation and ongoing conflicts in the Middle East with regional and global consequences. This is aggravating an already fragile humanitarian and human rights situation affecting millions of people across the region. We deplore innocent death and condemn indiscriminate attacks against civilians. Of grave concern is also the targeting The deliberate targeting of civilian infrastructures, in particular energy facilities protected under IHL, which have direct and profound implications. The disruption of maritime traffic, energy, and essential services undermines the effective realization of fundamental human rights. Such impacts disproportionately affect vulnerable populations, further exacerbating inequalities and exposing civilians to heightened risks of suffering, especially in developing countries. In this context, the Order of Malta reiterates the absolute necessity of full respect for IHL, ensuring the protection of civilians, medical and humanitarian personnel, as well as the safeguarding of medical facilities and critical infrastructures. Mr. President, the Sovereign Order of Malta calls for an immediate de-escalation, cessation of hostilities, dialogue, a peaceful and diplomatic solution to the conflict, as well as the implementation of UNSC Resolution 2817. I thank you. President [2:52:47]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Uzbekistan. Uzbekistan [2:52:52]: Thank you, Mr. President. The delegation of Uzbekistan reaffirms its commitment to an open and constructive dialogue within the framework of the United Nations, as well as its readiness to further develop cooperation based on mutual respect with all member states. In light of the current situation in the Middle East, we express our serious concern and underscore the urgent need for an immediate cessation of the hostilities. We emphasize the importance of exercising maximum restraint and refraining from any actions that could lead to the further escalation of the tension. Uzbekistan consistently advocates for the settlement of differences and disputes exclusively by peaceful means in accordance with international law and UN Charter. We reaffirm the commitment of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the principles of sovereign equality of states, respect for their independence and territorial integrity, and the non-use of force or threat of force in international relations in line with the UN Charter. We consider unacceptable any actions that result in civilian casualties and destruction of civilian infrastructure. I thank you. President [2:54:16]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Sudan. Sudan [2:54:23]: Shukran, Sadr al-Azeem. Thank you, President. We condemn the acts of aggression against brotherly Arab states, including attacks against civilians and civilian infrastructure, which represents a serious violation of international humanitarian law and international human rights law. We call for full respect of the principles and norms of international law, and we would like to recall our solidarity with the brotherly Arab states and with all the direct or indirect victims. The expansion of the circle of conflict could risk involving countries who sought not to join in the conflict but rather to resolve it through diplomatic means and who offered loyal services in this respect. This only means unjustified escalation and we would like to I, uh, recall— call for an end to the hostilities and a return to diplomatic dialogue in accordance with international law. This conflict, which is unfolding in one of the world's most sensitive regions, will have very negative consequences on international peace and security and the global economy and the enjoyment of economic, social, and cultural rights, and this not only in the Middle East and in the States of the Gulf, but in many countries that have links with this region— economic links or energy ties. I thank you, President. Thank you. Speaker 184 [2:55:56]: I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Nepal. Nepal [2:56:00]: Mr. President, Nepal is deeply concerned over the rapidly escalating security situation in West Asia, which poses serious threat to regional stability. And global peace. It is equally concerning that civilian lives, livelihoods, infrastructures, and supply lines have been severely affected. Nepal is firm in its position that right to life and human dignity must be upheld all the time and must not be compromised on any pretext. Protection of civilian and civilian infrastructure is of paramount importance. Nepal denounces the military operations targeting civilian settlements, which is against international humanitarian law. We are saddened by the tragic death of one Nepali national in the United Arab Emirates during this conflict. Nepal urges all parties concerned to exercise maximum restraint, to refrain from any actions that further escalate tensions, and to return to dialogue and diplomacy and restore restore peace and stability in the region. The protection of civilians is not a choice; it is an international legal and moral obligation that we must uphold at all times. Nepal reiterates the differences must be resolved through peaceful dialogue in full alignment with the Charter of the United Nations and the established norms of international law. I thank you, Mr. HRC · President [2:57:25]: President. Thank you. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Morocco. Morocco [2:57:33]: Thank you, Mr. President. I deliver the statement of— on behalf of my ambassador. The Kingdom of Morocco condemns in the strongest terms Iran's abject attacks against brotherly Arab countries, namely Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Jordan. This blatant aggression is a grave violation of their national sovereignty and an an unacceptable threat to regional security and stability. His Majesty King Mohammed VI has expressed Morocco's full solidarity with each of the affected countries. Iran's aggression betrays the genuine efforts of the brotherly Gulf countries to cooperate with the Iranian— with Iran to promote regional stability. It is also part of a longstanding pattern of malignant activities, of destabilization including Iran's direct support to extremist and separatist groups across our region, as well as direct threats to the territorial integrity of brotherly Arab states. Morocco condemns the targeting of civilian areas and infrastructure by Iran's missile and drone attacks. Morocco also condemns vigorously Iran's attacks against commercial shipping in the Strait of Hormuz, and actively supports measures implemented by the International Maritime Organization to restore freedom of navigation in the region. In conclusion, my delegation welcomes the adoption of Resolution 2817 of the UN Security Council and fully supports the draft resolution tabled before the Council on this matter. Thank you, Mr. President. HRC · President [2:59:08]: Thank you. Excellencies, distinguished representatives, we have come to the first block of 3 hours of the 44th session— of the 44th meeting of the 61st Session. Therefore, now we will take a short technical break and resume in 5 minutes for the 45th meeting of the 61st Session and continue with the proceedings of this urgent debate. So I hereby close the 44th meeting of the 61st session of the Human Rights Council. Excellencies, distinguished representatives, I hereby declare open the 45th meeting of the 61st session of the Human Rights Council. We will now continue with the urgent debate, and we shall now proceed with the list of observers of the Council, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Cabo Verde. Cabo Verde [3:11:50]: Merci, Monsieur le Président. Thank you very much, President. Cabo Verde recognizes the relevance of having this urgent debate justified by the recent attacks attributed to Islamic Republic attack of Iran against the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council. These events represent worrying escalation of tensions in the Middle East with serious consequences from a humanitarian point of view, human rights, and economic situation affecting directly innocent civilian populations. We express our serious concern related to the impact of these attacks on critical infrastructure, supply chain, and the security of local communities. It is imperative to We reaffirm the primacy of international law, territorial integrity, and protection of civil populations. We express our support to countries in this difficult situation, and we also support their legitimate aspirations at the international level. We call for an immediate end— unconditional end to attacks, and avoid any action that can further exacerbate the situation. We're convinced that only dialogue, diplomacy, negotiations in good faith can lead to a lasting resolution, reestablish trust between neighboring countries, and preserve international peace and security. Cabo Verde reaffirms its commitment to support international order based on rules, the peaceful settlement of disputes, and promotion of peaceful coexistence and cooperation between the countries of the Middle East. HRC · President [3:13:22]: Thank you. Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Holy See. Holy See [3:13:28]: Thank you, Mr. President. The Holy See is following the tragic events unfolding in the Middle East in these dramatic days with deep concern and expresses profound sorrow for the many innocent victims across the region, including children, as well as those who have been displaced, particularly families. Furthermore, the ongoing attacks, which are sometimes concerningly AI-enabled, directed against civilian infrastructure including hospitals, schools, and residential areas, are deeply alarming. As Pope Leo XIV has recently stated, we cannot remain silent in the face of the suffering of so many defenseless people who are victims of these conflicts. What hurts them hurts all humanity, all of humanity. Peace and stability cannot be achieved be achieved through weapons and retaliation, which only sow death and destruction and cultivate hatred, resentment and fear. Instead, they must be achieved through peaceful means such as diplomacy and dialogue, and by adhering fully to international law. Therefore, allow me to echo Pope Leo XIV's appeal towards all the parties involved to assume the moral responsibility of halting the spiral of violence before it becomes an unbridgeable chasm. Thank you, Mr. President. Thank you. HRC · President [3:14:59]: I give the floor to the distinguished representative of South Sudan. South Sudan [3:15:04]: Mr. President, South Sudan expresses its deep concern over the recent escalation of hostilities in the Middle East, specifically the large-scale missile and drone attacks launched by the Islamic Republic of Iran against Bahrain Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. The targeting of multiple nations across a volatile region risks further destabilization, endangers civil lives, and threatens global economic security, particularly in vital energy corridors, and represents a grave violation of international law and the principles of the United United Nations Charter. South Sudan emphasizes that military escalation cannot be the pathway to sustainable peace. We call for the immediate cessation of hostilities by all parties, restraint in military actions, strict adherence to international law and the United Nations Charter, and urgent return to dialogue and diplomatic engagement to de-escalate tensions and prevent further regional spillover. In conclusion, South Sudan stands firmly for peace, sovereignty, and multilateral cooperation. The world cannot afford another prolonged conflict. The time to act is now. Thank you, Mr. President. HRC · President [3:16:33]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Singapore. Singapore [3:16:39]: Mr. President, the outbreak of conflict in the Middle East is of deep concern to Singapore. Singapore has co-sponsored the GCC Jordan HRC resolution. Singapore is also one of the co-sponsors of the UNSC 2017 resolution adopted on the 11th of March. Singapore's leaders have been in close contact with their counterparts in the Gulf States to convey our solidarity. These escalatory attacks on non-combatant states including those targeted at civilian and energy infrastructure, are unacceptable. Singapore has consistently taken a principled position in support of sovereignty and the territorial integrity of all countries. All states, big or small, must abide by international law and the principles of the UN Charter. We call for all parties to engage in negotiations to de-escalate and to seek peaceful resolutions to all outstanding issues in a manner that respects international law and the principles of the United Nations Charter. I thank you. HRC · President [3:17:40]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone [3:17:46]: President Sirleaf acknowledges the call for this urgent debate on military operations and the repercussions for civilians and civilian infrastructure in several Gulf states since 20 February this year. We are deeply concerned by the loss of innocent lives and the wider humanitarian consequences of these developments. Sierra Leone emphasizes the importance of respecting international law, including the principles of sovereignty, territorial integrity, and the protection of civilians. The effects of the conflict are being felt not only in the region but also globally. Serious disruptions, including fuel shortages, are impacting essential services. And developing countries such as Sierra Leone are bearing the brunt. We call for an immediate ceasefire and a return to meaningful diplomatic engagement. We recall that intentionally targeting civilians and civilian infrastructure may constitute violations of international humanitarian law, including the principles of distinction, and may entail individual criminal responsibility under international law. We urge all parties to exercise maximum restraint, avoid further escalation, and prioritize dialogue and diplomacy. We believe that multilateralism and peaceful resolution of disputes in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations are viable options for resolving conflicts. And I thank you, President. HRC · President [3:19:08]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Mongolia. Mongolia [3:19:15]: Thank you, Mr. President. Mongolia is deeply concerned by the rapidly deteriorating situation in the Middle East. The escalation of armed conflict has already claimed many precious lives and continues to inflict immense human suffering. Our thoughts are with all those affected, and we stand in solidarity with the communities enduring this immense hardship. Current developments in the Middle East not only seriously undermine the norms of international law but also pose a grave threat to regional and global peace and security. In line with its peaceful, open, and multi-pillared foreign policy, Mongolia calls on all parties to immediately cease hostilities and return to the path of dialogue. Mongolia stands ready to support all efforts aimed at achieving a peaceful, negotiated resolution to the conflict. Thank you. HRC · President [3:20:16]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Philippines. Philippines [3:20:23]: Mr. President, in the face of conflict and uncertainty, we must reaffirm our collective commitment to fundamental principles: respect for international law, including the Charter of the UN and relevant Security Council resolutions, sovereignty and territorial integrity for all, and the peaceful resolution of disputes. These are the bedrock of the international order. These are binding obligations that must be upheld. International humanitarian law also sets clear and non-derogable limits to the use of force in armed conflict. The protection of life, life and human dignity is paramount. When these basic principles are set aside deliberately and systematically, lawlessness threatens to prevail, undermining the very system that sustains peace and development. The region is a strategic linchpin for global trade and host to millions of migrant workers as well as passing seafarers. We welcome the recognition in the resolution of the pivotal role of seafarers in global trade and the realization of their human rights. The conflict could spiral into a broader conflagration with potentially horrendous consequences for lives, livelihoods, and future peoples around the world. The Philippines reiterates its call for an immediate end to hostilities and for all parties to return to dialogue and diplomacy. Democracy. Thank you. HRC · President [3:21:53]: Thank you. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation. OIC [3:22:04]: Thank you, Mr. President. In the context of Iran's targeting of civilian objects and civilian infrastructure in GCC states and several other Arab and Muslim countries, the OIC General Secretariat strongly condemns these attacks. The OIC General Secretariat expresses its solidarity with the member states subjected to these military attacks and calls for the immediate cessation of these attacks and urges the full implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 2817. The OIC General Secretariat stresses that these attacks constitute a violation of the sovereignty of the targeted states and serious breaches of international law law, particularly the principles of distinction and proportionality, as well as the prohibition against targeting civilians and civilian objects. The OIC General Secretariat warns that continued escalation poses grave risk to regional and global peace and security, as well as having an adverse impact on the global economy, energy security, and development prospects. In conclusion, the OIC General Secretariat emphasizes stresses the importance of strengthening the bonds of brotherhood, respecting the sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity of member states, non-interference in their national— in their internal affairs, resolving disputes by peaceful means, and refraining from the use or threat of use of force in their relations. I thank you, Mr. President. HRC · President [3:23:35]: Thank you. Excellencies, distinguished representatives, we have come to the end of the list, but it has been brought to my attention that the delegation of Türkiye has also requested to take the floor after the list of speakers for this debate had been closed. If there is no objection, I will allow the representative of Türkiye to take the floor as per usual practice. I see no objection. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Türkiye. Türkiye [3:24:11]: Thank you, Mr. President. Türkiye unequivocally condemns any and all actions that violate international law, endanger the lives of innocent people, and target civilian infrastructure with huge costs also to the rest of the world. Places protected under humanitarian law such as schools, hospitals, and places places of worship are used by the civilian population must not be targeted. Targeting critical infrastructure and energy facilities, water resources, desalination units, as well as threatening to target power plants is also a cause for concern for us. Continued targeting of critical sites in Iran, such as the South Pars natural gas field and nuclear facilities in Bushehr and Natanz, as well as Iran's targeting of of Dimona can generate serious risks, including nuclear fallout, environmental damage, and energy ruptures. Iran's unprovoked attacks on Gulf countries, in spite of their declaration that they will not allow their airspace nor territory to be used for any military action against Iran, are unacceptable. We have shown our solidarity with our brothers and sisters in the Gulf during our Minister's visit to the region last week. The region needs a comprehensive formula for peace that would replace long decades of instability and war. Türkiye makes every effort to end hostilities and build a lasting peace, finally, in our region. Thank you, Mr. President. HRC · President [3:25:37]: Thank you. We shall now turn to the list of speakers for national human rights institutions and non-governmental organizations. I give the floor to the representative of Qatar National Human Rights Committee for a video intervention. QNHRC [3:26:01]: President, the missile attacks by Iran on countries in the region, including Qatar, is a flagrant violation of state sovereignty and territorial integrity, and are a direct assault on fundamental human rights, including the rights to life, security, health, an adequate standard of living. These attacks targeted civilians and civilian infrastructure, including energy and water facilities, as well as residential areas, resulting in profound humanitarian and psychological impacts. This cannot be justified. What we see is not merely a military escalation, but a real test of our commitment to the principles of international law, including IHL and international human rights law, both of which clearly mandate the protection of civilians and prohibit their targeting. We stress the following: first, unequivocal condemnation of this unjustified attack and holding perpetrators to account; secondly, immediate cessation of hostilities and respecting security resolutions, particularly 2817 resolution; thirdly, ensuring reparation for victims and providing compensation to those affected. President, the protection of human rights cannot be selective or subjected to political considerations. What is happening requires a clear stance, which is the— which means that the protection of civilians is not optional. It is a legal and moral obligation. Thank you, President. HRC · President [3:27:34]: Thank you. I give the floor to the representative of internationallawyers.org. InternationalLawyers.org [3:27:40]: Thank you, Mr. President. InternationalLawyers.org urges all states to meet— to do their utmost to respect international human rights law in peacetime and during armed conflicts. [3:27:51]: While we recognize the duty of all parties to the conflict, including Iran, Israel, and the United States, to respect international law, we unequivocally condemn the acts of aggression by Israel and the United States against Iran in June 2025 and again in February and March March 2026. These acts of aggression occurred in the middle of ongoing negotiations. The attacks are contrary to Article 2 of the United Nations Charter and cannot be justified as Article 51 self-defense. Israel and the United States must be made to answer to international justice for their internationally wrongful acts in violation of the Charter of the United Nations. Ensuring this happens is an important and necessary step —towards securing human rights and peace and security in the region. Similarly, the International Criminal Court prosecutor can contribute to ending hostilities and securing human rights by investigating and prosecuting those who are participating in acts of aggression while at the same time engaging in genocide against the Palestinian people. International law requires that Israel and the United States must end their unlawful use of force provide reparations to the victims, and restore peace and security in the Middle East, which their illegal acts have seriously destabilized. Moreover, no state should recognize the illegal situation created by the unlawful use of force. We also note that Iran and any other state acting in collective self-defense with Iran— HRC · President [3:29:21]: I now give the floor to the representative of Matfor Peace Development and Human Rights Association. [3:29:30]: Shukran, Saeed. Thank you, President. We condemn the military escalation in the Middle East by the US and the occupying power of Israel, particularly the military strike targeting the three schools in Minab, killing 100 people. We condemn Iranian attacks on the GCC countries and Jordan. These attacks partially targeted civilian infrastructure, infrastructure, hotels, airports, and natural gas facilities. They are therefore in contradiction with the principles of proportion and discrimination. President, this war was launched because there are some people who consider that they can take hold of people's natural resources by force and by bombs. But these extreme ideas will push the Middle East and the world to the brink of disaster and instability, will create furthest instability and tension in the region. Delusional are those who think they can live alone in the Middle East or that they can achieve peace by antagonizing people. We call the Council to urge the warring parties to heed to the efforts of mediation and prioritize diplomatic solutions before it is too late. And thank you, President. HRC · President [3:30:57]: Thank you. I give the floor to the representative of Forum for Development and Human Rights Dialogue. [3:31:09]: Our organization expresses its deep concerns over the latest escalation in the Gulf region and its serious impacts on the situation of human rights there. We underline that targeting civilians and endangering them, as well as targeting critical civilian infrastructure including power plants, is a violation of international law and has serious economic, humanitarian, long-term impacts which jeopardize the stability of the region. We in this UNESCO that the continuation of the conflicts will compromise the right to life, security, and will further exacerbate the suffering of people in the region. Therefore, we call for the following: we call the parties to shoulder their responsibility to protect the rights of people and to be committed to IHL and avoid exposing civilians and critical infrastructure to danger. We call for immediate cease of hostilities by all parties, particularly those targeting civilians and energy infrastructure, in order to preserve international peace and security. Thank you, President. HRC · President [3:32:24]: Thank you. I give the floor to the representative of International Commission of Jury. ICJ [3:32:37]: Mr. President, the ICJ condemns the unlawful attacks by Israel and the United States against Iran as an act of aggression in violation of the UN Charter and international law. The ICJ is similarly concerned with credible allegations of unlawful attacks by Iran on civilians and civilian objects, including around the Strait of Hormuz. All parties to the ongoing conflict must adhere to international law law, including the principles of distinction, precaution, and proportionality. The ICJ deplores the threats by parties to the conflict to directly attack civilian objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian populations, including drinking water installations and power infrastructure. Such attacks are prohibited under international law, and those responsible must be held accountable. The ICJ also draws this Council's urgent attention to the deteriorating humanitarian situation in Lebanon —resulting from Israel's unlawful imposition of blanket displacement orders and strikes in violation of the principle of distinction. 1,000 people have been killed, 3,000 wounded, and nearly one-fifth of Lebanon's population has been displaced since 2 March. Israel and Hezbollah must refrain from any direct attacks against civilians and civilian objects. This Council, to remain credible in its response to the situation, must condemn and address all violations and abuses of human rights and violations of international humanitarian law. Committed by all parties to this conflict. I thank you. Thank you. HRC · President [3:34:05]: I give the floor to the representative of Human Rights Watch. HRW [3:34:11]: Mr. President, we're extremely concerned about the potential for grave harms to civilians in the Middle East conflict, including Gulf countries and Jordan, where Iran has unlawfully struck civilians and civilian infrastructure. We're also deeply concerned about Lebanon, where Israel's sweeping evacuation order orders have caused over a million people to flee their homes, a possible war crime. In Iran, where people face the dual risk of further atrocities at the hands of the authorities and US and Israeli strikes, some of which should be investigated as war crimes. In Israel, where civilians face missile and drone attacks by Iran and Hezbollah. In Palestine, where armed Israeli settlers in the West Bank attack Palestinian communities and advance Israel's dispossession and ethnic— cleansing of Palestinians, potentially catastrophic economic and environmental impacts across the globe of attacks by Iran, Israel, and the US on oil and gas infrastructure, and Iran's apparent targeting of civilian commercial ships in the Strait of Hormuz, potential war crimes impacting global energy and food costs. This council should take a comprehensive and impartial approach to all victims and urge all parties to uphold international law, condemn all violations support accountability, and prioritize the protection of civilians and atrocity prevention without discrimination. We recommend the convening of an emergency briefing by the High Commissioner with the participation of independent mandates on atrocity prevention and ensuring investigations of all violations of human rights and humanitarian law across the conflict. HRC · President [3:35:37]: Thank you. Thank you. I give the floor to the representative of Amnesty International. AI [3:35:44]: Mr. President, as hostilities across the Middle East threaten to escalate, As the conflict escalates further, we reiterate our urgent call for all parties to protect civilians and adhere to international law. This includes ensuring unlawful attacks— ending unlawful attacks such as deliberate, indiscriminate, or disproportionate attacks that harm civilians and civilian infrastructure. Across the region, civilians have been bearing the brunt of recurring conflicts, mass violations of human rights, and crimes under international law, all of which are enabled by an endemic climate of impunity. Civilians in Gulf countries, as well as those in Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, and Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, should not be treated as pawns in political power plays. In this context, states must also respect other rights and freedoms, including freedom of expression and access to the internet, which enable both information sharing between people affected and facilitate the documentation of violations. States should not use the COVID of armed conflict to intensify their crackdown on peaceful dissent, deepen discrimination, and commit patterns of crimes under international law. It is the role of this Council to insist that respect for international law and tackling impunity must be the centerpiece of any genuine political resolution, to insist that holistic approaches to investigations, condemnations, and accountability, accountability efforts driven by the gravity of the harms done rather than politics are far more likely to breathe life back into the international legal system than piecemeal or one-sided approaches. This Council must champion a comprehensive and sustained strategy leveraging all tools and mandates available. HRC · President [3:37:12]: Thank you. Thank you. I give the floor to the representative of International Council Supporting a Fair Trial and Human Rights. Translated. [3:37:23]: Thank you, President, and we thank GCC countries and Jordan for convening this meeting, and we thank Iran for the positive signal This is not a regional conflict, but a competition on the future of energy. Otherwise, we cannot understand American and Israeli attacks on power infrastructures in Iran. There is a geopolitical goal behind this conflict, as well as economic interests. People of the Gulf has paid dearly to achieve its development, but now it sees everything it has built being destroyed. These people set great stresses on good neighborliness. Arab peoples should avoid thinking that all Shiites are agents of Iran. This is a misconception. Shi— Shia people in the GCC countries are Arabs. Arabs, and they belong to the countries which are part of the Arab country, even though they believe in the Shia, uh, imamite, uh, creed. The GCC countries— Qatar and Iran and Yemen— should reach a treaty in order to achieve cooperation to the benefit of the Gulf and the region and to establish an Arab NATO. We wish that the GCC countries to organize courts that communicate to the world— The President interrupts the speaker. HRC · President [3:39:07]: I give the floor to the representative of the Gulf Center for Human Rights Limited. GCHR [3:39:12]: Thank you, Mr. President. The Gulf Center for Human Rights would like to express its human rights concerns in some of the GCC countries under consideration in this debate. We would also like to add our voice to those who have expressed concerns over the selectivity and the balance within the resolution, the lack of attention to the wider concept— context, and a focus that seems to go beyond the mandate of the Human Rights Council. We have no mandate to comment on the hostilities. However, we call on all parties to respect international humanitarian law and international human rights law. In Kuwait, we have reports that dozens of arrests arrests have been made of those peacefully dissenting online, often held for days with no access to their lawyers or their families. This is the continuation of a pattern of repression by the authorities that has intensified in the last 2 years. On March 15th and 16th, 2 new Kuwaiti laws were introduced to protect military interests and on counter-terrorism, respectively. Both laws have vague or ambiguous provisions that can be used to target any dissenting voices. The UAE and Saudi Arabia already have such draconian laws. The UAE has warned residents that any publishing of any unreliable information will not be tolerated. In Bahrain, at least 168 people have been arrested for peaceful dissent, whether online or during protests. We are very concerned that the current hostilities are being used as the opportunity to crack down further on any dissenting voices, no matter how peaceful. We urge the GCC states not to use use the conflict to further silence protected speech. Thank you, Mr. HRC · President [3:40:40]: President. Thank you. I give the floor to the representative of Partners for Transparency. [3:40:48]: Thank you, President. Partners for Transparency express their concern regarding the mutual military escalation in the region and the grave repercussions for human rights. We condemn the military strikes attacks by the United States and Israel against Iran because they are a flagrant violation of IHL. Mr. President, Partners for Transparency has concerns regarding the Iranian attacks against Gulf countries. We have data that points to the execution of 4,516 attacks using drones and missiles during the conflict, leading to civilian casualties and destruction of critical civilian infrastructure. And there are fears about the rights of citizens, including the right to life and the right to movement. Then there are the military operations by Israel and the United States since the 28th of February, leading to the death of at least 1,443 civilians in addition to the destruction of more than 61,000 houses, which has impacted the right to health, housing, and basic services. In conclusion, Mr. President, we call upon all parties to de-escalate immediately and to respect the rules of IHL and ensure civilian protection and to refrain from targeting critical infrastructure. Thank you. Thank you. HRC · President [3:42:20]: I give the floor to the representative of Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies. CIHRS [3:42:28]: The US-Israel attack against Iran is plunging the Middle East into a new and devastating cycle of violence. Once again, they instigate war in the region with total impunity. Iranian strikes have killed 11 civilians and injured hundreds in the GCC countries, mostly migrant workers, targeting residential buildings and civilian objects. These are clear violations of international law. Yet we cannot condemn one violation of violence while ignoring its context. Over 1,000 people have been killed in Iran since 28 February. Israel and the US face no meaningful accountability for serious breaches of international law, including the genocide in Gaza. This double standards fuels the cycle of, of violence. Absent from this debate is also the suffering of the Lebanese and Palestinian people. Israeli strikes in Lebanon killed over 1,000, adding to more than 300 killed since, since the ceasefire. In Gaza, Israel continues its devastating campaign with repeated ceasefire violations and severe humanitarian aid restrictions. Mr. President, civilian populations in the regions are once again paying the highest price. From Tehran to Dubai, from Beirut to Gaza, people are trapped in an escalating war they did not choose, driven by powers that operate above international law. This Council must demand all parties to the conflict to end military aggression, and refrain from indiscriminate attacks against civilians. All states must immediately suspend arms transfers to parties violating international law and enforce ICC arrest warrants without exception. Thank you. HRC · President [3:44:00]: Thank you. I give the floor to the representative of Center for Global Non-Killing. CGNK [3:44:10]: Dear human beings, Mr. President, your populations of the earth, the authorities including the highest, everyone, everywhere, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, from the laws of peace to the peace constitution, this is the Human Rights Council, the council of the people and of their rights, our rights, the rights to life, to peace that make life possible and thriving, to health including physical and mental integrity, We also have the right to an identity that respects the similar rights and identities of others, the right of humanity to live in peace. All countries in the region, including Jordan and Iran, have favorably voted the resolution on the right to peace, to enjoy peace. More is needed to prepare such peace. By virtue of the United Nations Charter, states enjoy the right to peace is well. It is reciprocal. We the People, we recall that war is illegal. States must solve the disputes peacefully, must refrain from use of force and threat. Broad interpretations of self-defense do not pass the test of dignity and universal life. Law creates a culture and a useful background, yet it has not been sufficient so far to provide for peace, both for people and States. We need peace to prevail always, everywhere. Where there is will, there is a way. Thank you, Mr. HRC · President [3:45:35]: President. Thank you. I give the floor to the representative of Imam Ali's Popular Students Relief Society for a video intervention. [3:45:49]: Mr. President, under Article 8 of Rome Statute, the crime of aggression stands alongside crimes against humanity as one of the gravest violations of international law. Since its activation in 2018, its enforcement remains undermined by the absence or non-acceptance of key states, including Iran, Israel, and the United States. Recent developments are deeply alarming. Following military actions on February 28th, the Islamic Republic of Iran has launched missiles and drones across borders, endangering civilians and violating the sovereignty of neighboring states. These actions risk triggering a wider regional conflict. We note, with cautious relief, the restraint shown by affected states. This restraint must continue. These developments cannot be viewed in isolation. The Islamic Republic continues to commit serious human rights violations within Iran, including executions, arbitrary detention, and the targeting of civilians. This pattern—repression at home and aggression abroad—reflects a clear disregard for international law and human dignity. We call for an immediate halt to all military actions, continued restraint, respect for international law, and accountability for all violations. Thank you. HRC · President [3:47:15]: Thank you. I give the floor to the representative of ELISCA Relief Foundation. [3:47:21]: Merci, Monsieur le Président. Thank you, President. Aliska Relief Foundation condemns the military attacks launched by the United States and the Israeli occupation authorities against Iran. At the same time, the foundation condemns Iran's subsequent attacks on the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, which targeted in part civilian infrastructure in these countries. Mr. President, the Israeli occupation authorities have exploited this war to renew their military aggression against Lebanon. The air raids in Lebanon have resulted in the deaths of 702 people as, as at March 20th, 2026, and have forced more than 81,000 civilians to flee their homes. Mr. President, by the failure to reach a ceasefire agreement and the implementation of the US President's threats to strike energy facilities, will have dire economic and social consequences for the people of the Middle East, potentially undoing decades of progress. Therefore, Eliska calls upon all those with influence over the parties to the current conflict in the Middle East to urge them to immediately cease hostilities, fully adhere to international law, stop targeting civilian infrastructure, and engage in the mediation efforts currently being led by a regional power. Thank you. HRC · President [3:48:47]: Thank you. I give the floor to the representative of International Organization for the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. International Organization for the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination [3:48:56]: Thank you, Mr. President. [3:48:57]: We sit here today to express our deep concern and condemn the indiscriminate attack attacks on civilian populations, infrastructure, and natural resource facilities in the Middle East. The continued disregard for international humanitarian and human rights law pose a grave threat not only to regional stability but to international peace and security. The entire region has fallen into a state of chaos, the tremors of which are expanding throughout the world. But the world must remember these developments did not emerge in isolation. They're a part of a longer trajectory of conflict, political fragmentation, and imperialistic motivations on part of the key parties involved, some of whom aren't even present with us today. Civil wars, sectarian conflict, energy competition, and regional proxy wars have defined the 23 years since the invasion of Iraq, leaving the entire region, its people, and resources fallen victims to a power vacuum, alarmingly being filled by the dominance of Iran across countries like Syria, Lebanon, and Yemen. The region continues to pay the price of years of reckless decisions, foreign interference, and systemic weakening of state institutions, costs of which are visible in the atrocities unfolding in the state of Palestine. On behalf of EFRJ and Geneva International Center for Justice, we stress that the continued targeting of infrastructure, spread of violence, and normalization of instability is not sustainable. Therefore, we call for maximum restraint, respect for international law, and protection of all civilians and all facilities. Thank you. Thank you. HRC · President [3:50:30]: I give the floor to the representative of the Institute for NGO Research. INGR [3:50:35]: This debate is important to highlight the evil ways in which Iran has been deliberately targeting civilians and civilian infrastructure throughout the region with indiscriminate ballistic missiles missiles, drones, and cluster bombs. Dozens have been killed and thousands injured. What is beyond the pale, however, is this council's atrocious erasing of Israeli victims from this debate. Regardless of one's thoughts on the validity of the war, it is outrageous to exclude Israeli victims. The 200 people injured and whose homes were destroyed in Arad and Dimona on Saturday night, the dozens of indiscriminate cluster bombs that have wreaked Greek destruction, including the murder of an elderly and disabled couple in Ramat Gan, the attempts to destroy the Old City of Jerusalem, where Iranian bombs have targeted Al-Aqsa, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, and the Kotel, are apparently all deemed unworthy of attention from this council. The ongoing failure of the UN's supposedly universal human rights machinery to protect Israelis alongside every other people of the world speaks to the council's racism and moral bankruptcy. So too the commission was destroyed. No wonder this council is hemorrhaging money and on life support. HRC · President [3:51:56]: I give the floor to the representative of Association Mauna for Human Rights and Immigration. [3:52:04]: Mr. President, the Association of Manama for Human Rights and Migration would like to thank the Council for convening this urgent debate at such a critical moment. This discussion comes following our call on 2nd of March for immediate United Nations actions in response to the situation in the region. We strongly condemn the ongoing actions carried out by Iran against several countries, including Gulf Arab states, Jordan, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Iraq, and Syria. These attacks have targeted energy facilities and civilian— eras, raising serious concerns under international law, including international humanitarian law, and representing a clear violation of Security Council Resolution 2817 of 2026. These are not isolated events. What we are seeing is a pattern of escalation that threatens not only regional stability but also international peace and security, while placing civilian lives at increasing risk. The lack of accountability would encourage further violations and reinforce a sense of impunity. This makes it all the more important for this Council to act in a clear and decisive way. In this regard, we call for a resolution that clearly condemns these actions, supports the creation of an independent international investigative mechanism, and takes practical steps to ensure the protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure. This urgent debate should mark a turning point in the international response, as silence or hesitation at this stage will only lead to further escalation. Pain and suffering. Thank you. HRC · President [3:53:28]: Thank you. I give the floor to the representative of the World Jewish Congress. I give the floor to the representative of the Women's Human Rights International Association for video intervention. [3:53:50]: Thank you, Chair. Iranian government current external aggression in the Persian Gulf and internal repression are two sides of the same coin and together form key pillars of the government's hold on power, with the Iranian people as the primary victims. For this reason, the people of Iran have stood against this situation for many years, for which they have paid a heavy price. The uprising of the past decades, particularly in 2019, 2021, as well as January 2025, clearly reflect Iranian people's demand for change and a democratic republic based on Universal Declaration of Human Rights, gender equality, and peaceful coexistence. The people of Iran seek a final resolution which can only be achieved by the Iranian people and not foreign military intervention. People of Iran must and will determine their future. We are deeply concerned about the current situation as well as about the political prisoners currently detained in prisons across Iran. Thank you. HRC · President [3:55:09]: I now give the floor to the representative of Civicus, World Alliance for citizen participation. I now give the floor to the representative of United Nations Watch. UN Watch [3:55:24]: Mr. President, 4 months ago at the Oxford Union, I stood in a debate facing a former Iranian vice president and PA prime minister where the proposition claimed that Israel was a greater threat to regional stability than the Islamic Republic of Iran. A majority in that chamber voted yes. I warned them they had Exactly backwards. Today, reality has delivered its verdict. This very urgent debate requested by Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates confirms what the facts have long shown, that Iran's radical theocracy is devoted to exporting war, terror, chaos, and death across the region and the world. Iran has launched direct aggression against its neighbors, thousands of missiles and drones bombing homes, playgrounds, airports, ports and desalination plants. So let us be clear: the world now sees who is the real threat to regional stability. I hope the Oxford Union will reflect on its vote. But I also ask the United Nations and this Council to reflect on your own record, because for years the UN has falsely treated Israel as the greatest threat. Why is there a permanent agenda item on the democracy defending itself from terror, the one making peace and normalization accords with its neighbors, including Egypt, Jordan, Bahrain, UAE, and hopefully soon many others. Why no agenda item instead on the Islamic Revolutionary Guards that murder their own people, hunt critics across Europe and America, export terror on 4 continents? If the UN is serious about protecting peace, you must choose between illusion and truth, between appeasing aggression and confronting it. HRC · President [3:56:57]: Thank you. I now give the floor to the representative of Ingénieurs du Monde. I give the floor to the representative of OITMA. OITMA [3:57:10]: Mr. President, the people of Iran have endured decades of significant human rights challenges and restrictions affecting their fundamental freedoms. Today, amid escalating regional tensions, civilians once again bear the brunt of the violence. OITMA strongly condemns Iran's use of drones and missiles in attacks attacks impacting civilians and civilian infrastructure across the GCC countries and elsewhere in the region. We are deeply concerned by the growing risk of further escalation and the devastating impact this has on civilian populations. Civilians continue to bear the consequences of violence they did not choose in a region already facing instability. OITMA calls for an immediate cessation of hostilities and urges all parties to exercise to maximum restraint and to fully respect international law. We further emphasize the importance of a unified international response that places human rights at its core and supports the Iranian people's right to determine their future freely and with dignity. In an interconnected world, continued escalation threatens not only regional stability but the broader international order. We urge all member states to prioritize de-escalation dialogue, and the protection of civilians. Thank you. HRC · Vice-President [3:58:28]: Thank you. This was the last speaker that we could accommodate. Excellencies, distinguished representatives, we shall now take a brief technical break before proceeding to take action on draft resolution A/HRC/ L61/L38. Excellencies, distinguished representatives, I suggest that we undertake a voting test so that each member gets familiar with the voting system in the room. When I ask the Secretariat to open the voting machine, the lights of the voting buttons will start blinking. If you wish to vote yes, press the green button with a plus. For no, the red minus button. And the white zero button for abstention. Now I invite you to press one of these buttons to test. Please check whether your vote is accurately reflected on the screen. So is everything in order, Secretariat? Two votes missing? No, two votes missing. UN Secretariat · Secretariat [4:05:30]: Kenya and Iraq. Okay, colleagues are checking. He's checking. HRC · Vice-President [4:06:22]: Okay, I now ask the Secretariat to close the voting machine. Before starting to take action on the draft resolution before us, Are you going to close the— UN Secretariat · Secretariat [4:06:35]: Yes. HRC · Vice-President [4:06:43]: Before starting to take action on the draft resolution before us, I would like to remind you that we will follow the standard procedure for voting as in previous Council sessions, of which I will highlight in the following main The voting process is a members-only process. Observer states may intervene in only two instances: first, at the stage of introduction of a draft proposal, or if the observer state is a country concerned by a draft resolution or decision. Apart from these two instances, observer states will not be in a position to take the floor until the voting process is completed, not even on a point of order. May I remind you that all procedural motions such as oral amendments should be announced during the general comment segment. If this is not the case and a procedural motion is raised when the vote has started with explanation of vote, the motion will be deemed inadmissible. Please do bear this in mind. I would like to remind you also that in accordance with Rule 128 of the Rule of Procedure of the General Assembly, the sponsor of a draft proposal or an amendment is not permitted to explain his or her vote on his or her proposal or amendment. Finally, the speaking time during the voting process is 3 minutes for all. We will now move to action on the draft resolution before us. Us today. Excellencies, distinguished representatives, we will now begin consideration of draft resolution A/HRC/61/L38. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Bahrain to introduce the draft resolution on behalf of the Gulf Cooperation Council and Jordan. You have the floor. Bahrain · GCC + Jordan [4:08:53]: Thank you very much, Mr. Vice President. Delegation of my country has the pleasure to present on behalf of the GCC and the Kingdom of Jordan draft resolution under the number L38 on the consequences on human rights of the unjustified aggression by Iran against our countries. This draft resolution enjoys great support from countries representing different regions. This draft resolution draws the attention to the serious violations linked to the targeting of certain countries that are not party to this conflict, and this has had an impact on the human rights situations So the Council is seized with this issue on the basis of its mandate. My country has been facing since the end of February, and we are continuing to deal with an aggression related to hundreds and thousands of missiles attacking my country, civilian objects, including energy, water, airports, and residential housing. This has led to loss of lives and many wounded. To that, we must add material damage related to infrastructure and other sectors of the economy that has an impact on the enjoyment of human rights by civilians— access to health and access to adequate level of living. The draft resolution takes account of the numerous implications that are related to these attacks and the situation in the Ormuz Strait and the impact on supply chain and the impact on civil and political rights, especially developing countries. Mr. Vice President, the draft resolution contains a clear condemnation of the unjustified aggression launched by Iran against my country and the very serious impact on the enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms. The draft resolution includes an appeal to the President of the Council to present an oral update on the consequences of this aggression. This will help the Council to continue to be seized of issue. The debate involved the discussions between many countries and the text enjoys broad consensus and we do hope that this council adopt this resolution on the base of consensus focusing on the protection and support for human rights. Thank you. HRC · Vice-President [4:11:54]: Thank you. I've been informed by the Secretariat that there are 86 additional co-sponsors to the draft resolution. We shall now hear general comments on the draft resolution as— Okay. We shall now hear general comments on the draft resolution as orally revised. I now give the floor to members of the Council who wish to make general comments on the draft resolution as orally revised. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom. You have the floor. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland [4:12:47]: Thank you, Mr. President. We welcome this urgent debate. As we said earlier today, we stand with our Gulf friends and allies and will continue to act in their defense. Iran's actions are endangering civilians, destabilizing the region, and threatening the global economy. That is why we co-sponsored the resolution. However, we wish to put on record some of our reservations on the text. We do not think it is within the mandate of the Human Rights Council to determine the need for interstate reparations, nor should the Human Rights Council determine that conflicts represent threats to international peace and security. That is for the Security Council, as it is, as, as it determined in Resolution 2817. We understand Operational Paragraph 1 as reflecting a determination already made by the UN Security Council. We also note that human rights obligations only apply within the jurisdiction of a state party sovereignty, and jurisdiction is primarily territorial. And we want to be clear that the international law of the sea is as reflected in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, and references to it in the resolution should be read accordingly. The UK's support for this resolution is based on our overarching concern on the situation in the region and is without prejudice to our longstanding position on these issues. The language in this text should not be considered as a future precedent which the UK deems unacceptable. Thank you. HRC · Vice-President [4:14:07]: Thank you. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Mexico. Mexico [4:14:18]: Gracias, señor presidente. Thank you very much, Mr. President. Mexico welcomes this urgent debate and we join the consensus because it shares the deep concern about the human rights implications that have resulted from the escalation of the conflict in the Middle East in all affected states in the region. However, we believe that the focus and language of Human Rights Council resolutions should focus exclusively on human rights issues and not replicate in the same terms resolutions of the Security Council, taking into account the different mandates of of these bodies. In analyzing human rights situations, it is important for this Council to have a comprehensive and balanced approach which considers the human rights violations that have occurred in all countries affected by the conflict. In order to make efficient and effective use of its financial and human resources, it is essential that this Council consider each each situation as a whole—in this case, the human rights implications arising from the armed conflict in the Middle East, and not in a fragmented manner. Mexico reiterates its call for dialogue in finding a diplomatic solution that will make it possible to put a definitive end to the attacks against civilian population and contribute to lasting peace to the benefit of all affected populations. Thank you. HRC · Vice-President [4:15:52]: Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Colombia. Colombia [4:16:04]: Gracias, señor. Thank you very much. President of Colombia thanks the core group composed of Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, Jordan, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates for presenting this resolution, and I recognize the importance of the issue for the proposing countries as well as for the Middle East and the entire world. Colombia appreciates the flexibility shown by the core group, including language on the impact on human rights as a result of armed actions in the region, bringing the text closer to the competence and mandate of the Human Rights Council. However, Colombia considers that the resolution omits essential messages such as the call for the cessation of hostilities and de-escalation of violence and the return to diplomatic channels as mechanisms for the settlement of disputes. These elements are intrinsic to the mandate of the Council, and their absence weakens the text. Likewise, the impact on the civilian population cannot be analyzed in isolation, ignoring that the armed aggression of the United States and Israel against Iran is directly related to the violation of the United Nations Charter, the deterioration of stability, peace, the humanitarian situation, and respect for human rights in the region, including the damaging closure of the Strait of Hormuz. This is a reality that cannot be ignored if the purpose is to effectively resolve the effects suffered by the civilian population. There is no justification for attacks on non-military targets, Columbia categorically rejects them as unacceptable and illegal. Recognizing the seriousness of the humanitarian situation in the region, for the sake of consistency and by virtue of Colombia's commitment to the protection of human rights of the civilian population and the rejection of all forms of armed aggression, Colombia would nevertheless join the consensus in the adoption of this resolution. Thank you. HRC · Vice-President [4:17:59]: Thank you. We shall now hear from the countries concerned, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Iran (Islamic Republic of) [4:18:13]: Thank you, Mr. President. The delegation of the Islamic Republic of Iran firmly rejects the draft resolution in its current form, as it is one-sided, incomplete, and inherently biased. Iran also strongly condemns the approach taken by certain countries of the Persian Gulf region in pursuing the adoption of the text, which serves only to exacerbate tension rather than reducing, and continues to division rather than fostering dialogue and understanding. While we appreciate the efforts of delegations that try to modify the text and align it more closely with reality,, we regret to note that the text remains unbalanced. Despite repeated calls to ensure that the resolution is appropriately contextualized within the mandate of the Human Rights Council and its universality, the current draft remains selective in addressing the situation and disproportionately focused on selective aspects of situation. Equally concerning is the absence of the meaningful examination of the root causes of the situation. A sustainable and credible human rights response requires addressing underlying factors, including 78 years of Israeli occupation and coordinated invasion to territorial integrity of Iran. The text has also failed to mention that land and air of Persian Gulf countries were misused for orchestrating attacks on people and civilian infrastructure of Iran. By omitting these elements, The resolution risks oversimplifying a complex reality and undermining the Council's credibility. In this resolution, the primary responsible actors are overlooked and the issue is not addressed from its foundational causes. Instead, the selective narrative is presented beginning from the middle of the story rather than reflecting its full context. In light of these shortcomings, namely the lack of balance, insufficient attention to US and Israel invasion on Iran as root causes, and misleading with the mandate of the Human Rights Council, our delegation totally rejects such draft and asks others to do the same. Finally, Mr. President, the United Nations Secretariat has consistently mandated the use of Persian Gulf as the standard geographical designation for the body of water between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. The use of term Gulf is historically, documentarily, and regionally incorrect. As the correct name is Persian Gulf, we express our separate and special reservation for use of such term in the text. Thank you very much. HRC · Vice-President [4:21:02]: Thank you. I have been informed by the Secretariat that there are no PBIs for this draft resolution as orally revised. Can I ask if other countries concerned do not wish to make a statement at this stage? Alright, we will now take action on draft resolution A/HRC/61/L38 as orally revised. I will give the floor to the members of the Council who wish to make explanation of vote before the vote on the draft resolution as orally revised. I recognize the distinguished representative of Indonesia. Indonesia [4:22:04]: Thank you very much, Mr. President. Indonesia delivers this explanation before the vote on the draft resolution L.38. Indonesia takes note of the deliberation held this morning and wishes to underscore two fundamental principles that guide our position on this draft resolution. First, as echoed by many delegations, the protection of human rights must always be paramount. This noble principle must never be invoked as a pretext for military aggression, nor exploited to further politicize the work of this Council. Second, all disputes must be resolved through peaceful means, in full accordance with Article 33 of the UN Charter. This is not merely a principle; it is the very foundation of international order. We call upon the GCC countries, Jordan, and Iran to return to the path of diplomacy and prioritize de-escalation and peaceful resolution. Mr. President, we also wish to place on record our observations on L38. First, we are concerned that the constructive inputs Issues raised during informal consultations aimed at achieving a balanced text have not been adequately reflected. Second, the text lacks a human rights dimension, a core element for this Council's deliberations. Conflating the text with the discussions in the Security Council dilutes the distinctive role of this Council. Third, the suffering of civilians must never be viewed through a partial or selective lens. L38 falls short in capturing the broader context, where the root cause of instability and human rights violations in the region remains insufficiently addressed. The text excludes addressing the attacks from the United States and Israel against Iran, as well as Israel attacks on Lebanon, which continues to aggravate the situation. The absence of addressing this in the Council sets sets out a dangerous precedent. The main perpetrators' escape from the Council justifies escape from accountability mechanisms. Mr. President, Indonesia fully recognizes the gravity of the situation and the real and immediate impacts suffered by the peoples of the GCC countries and Jordan from military aggression and escalating tensions. We also stand in solidarity with all countries in the region whose sovereignty has been violated. In that regard, our delegation will join the consensus in the adoption of this resolution. Thank you. Thank you. HRC · Vice-President [4:24:41]: I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Cuba. Cuba [4:24:49]: Señor Presidente, Mr. President, the delegation of Cuba understands the legitimate concerns that have motivated the draft Resolution L.38 by states members of the GCC and Jordan. We strongly support the call to respect the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and security of these countries. Attacks against civilian objects in any country are unacceptable. The international law and international humanitarian law have to be respected by all states in all circumstances. These countries should not have to face the consequences of a war that should have never been started. They're victims of a spiral of violence related to an illegal and irresponsible aggression launched by the United States and Israel. It is unjust and unfortunate that today we see that And countries that are realizing significant diplomatic efforts to avoid the conflict are now being impacted. For these reasons, Cuba will join consensus related to the draft resolution L.38. At the same time, we'd like to put on record our position related to the scope of the draft. Expressed during the consultations, it does not deal with the context of the situation in a comprehensive manner. The evidence is clear. The current war was launched by the United States and Israel that have launched a military attack against Iran in a flagrant violation of the UN Charter and international law. This council should condemn in the strongest of terms this aggression and demand that it ends immediately. Current circumstances are not happening in an isolated manner. They're continuation and a result of a situation that has prevailed for years in the region, marked by the expansionist policy of Israel that always enjoyed the unconditional financial and political support of the United States. They are responsible for the genocide against the Palestinian people, and they prevent the Palestinian people to exercise the right to self-determination. The delegation of Cuba stresses that the resolution is limited in this cause and does not mention those main countries responsible and— United States and Israel have launched this aggression, but it not only be a justification for the contention of these actions and the continuation violation with impunity UN Charter, international law, and international humanitarian law. Thank you. HRC · Vice-President [4:27:57]: Thank you. I see no more request for explanation of vote. Before the vote. May I now ask if there is any request for a vote? I see. I see none. May I take it that Draft Proposal A/HRC/61/L38, as orally revised, may be adopted without a vote? It is so decided. We will now move to explanation of vote and general comments after the vote on the text just adopted. Any delegation wishing to take the floor? I recognize the distinguished representative of Switzerland. You have the floor. Switzerland [4:29:17]: Switzerland expresses its solidarity with the— the Gulf state countries. We believe that the attacks by Iran exceeds the right to legitimate defense. We call for protection for civilians and civilian infrastructure in all countries of the region, as called for in international humanitarian law and international human rights law. On the resolution, Switzerland believes that the text does not reflect all aspects of the conflict. We must recall that the the obligations under international law, in particular the prohibition to resort to force, and international humanitarian law apply to all parties. Switzerland remains committed to supporting de-escalation efforts and calling on all parties to respect international law. Finally, we recall that the issues of international peace and security must be dealt with first and foremost by the Security Council and not here in the Human Rights Council. HRC · Vice-President [4:30:12]: I thank you very much. Thank you. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Kuwait. Kuwait · GCC + Jordan [4:30:22]: Thank you, President. I deliver this statement on behalf of the GCC countries and Jordan. Our group expresses its appreciation for the adoption of this resolution by consensus, reflecting the spirit of cooperation prevailing in this Council when dealing with issues that have serious direct ramifications on human rights. We express our thanks to over 100 countries contributed in co-sponsoring this resolution, reflecting the large-scale support of international community of it, and we express our appreciation of all the countries which which participated in consultations and tabled their comments, leading to elaborating a balanced text that is based on agreed language and takes into account all perspectives. President, the adoption of this resolution by consensus reflects a joint understanding of the need of dealing with the fallout from these blatant attacks, particularly those related to protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure, and the need to safeguard relevant international commitments. The resolution in this light condemns the Iranian attacks on the GCC countries and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and its serious repercussions on people's enjoyment of their basic rights. The resolution reiterates the need for the Council to further engage with this issue in line with its mandate. President, we look forward to build on this consensus and to continue working with all delegations to reinforce the role of the Council to deal with the relevant issues that have to do with human rights, with the spirit of joint responsibility and cooperation. Thank you, President. HRC · Vice-President [4:32:27]: Thank you. I see no more requests for the floor. Excellencies, distinguished representatives, with this last statement we have exhausted the list of speakers for explanations of vote and general comments after the vote and concluded action on the draft resolution. This brings us to the end of this urgent debate. Before we continue with our program of work, allow me to address another urgent matter concerning the 61st session. On 23rd of March, I received a letter from the Permanent Representative of the Islamic Republic Islamic Republic of Iran to the United Nations office in Geneva, on behalf of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, China, and Cuba, requesting the convening of an urgent debate during the ongoing 61st Session on protection of children and educational institutions in international armed conflicts. The aerial attacks on Shah Jahan Tayyebeh Girls' School in Minab, Sudan as a grave breach of international humanitarian law and international human rights law. This communication was immediately circulated to all members and observers of the Council. I would like to recall that the request to hold an urgent debate requires a decision by the Council to adjust its programme of work. This is done at the request of at least one member of the Council. Council. Regarding the modalities of the urgent debate, allow me to recall that urgent debates follow the same modalities as general debates. Accordingly, in accordance with the time-saving measures adopted by the Council on 9 February 2026, speaking time for this urgent debate would be limited to 5 minutes for each of the countries concerned and 1 minute and 30 seconds for all other speakers. The urgent debate may be followed by the adoption of a resolution on the matter, provided that the main sponsor submit a draft resolution at least 24 hours prior to its adoption and hold at least one informal consultation. Yesterday, the Bureau discussed the request and concluded that the urgent debate could take place on Friday, 27 March at 9 AM, on the understanding that the Council would meet nonstop from 9 AM to 6 PM on that day, as conference services will be provided for a lunchtime meeting on that day. Before giving the floor to the distinguished representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran, also on behalf of China and Cuba, as well as any additional information in this regard, I would like to remind you that this is a decision-making process and that therefore only members of the Council may take the floor at this stage. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran to present the request to the Council for the holding of this urgent debate. Iran (Islamic Republic of) [4:35:48]: Thank you, Mr. President. On behalf of the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the People's Republic of China, and the people Israel and the Republic of Cuba, we formally requested on 23rd March 2026 that the President of the Human Rights Council convene an urgent debate on the aerial attacks against Shah Jaretayeh Girls' School in Minab, Iran. These attacks took place on 28th February 2026 during the first day of coordinated military aggression by the United States and Israel against Iran. In our communication to the President, we We characterize this attack as a grave breach of international humanitarian law and international human rights law. We therefore expect that this matter of utmost gravity will receive the urgent and serious consideration it warrants within its Council. Schools are civilian objects, and both educational institutions and children benefit from explicit protection. Under international humanitarian law during armed conflict. The deliberate targeting of schools is prohibited under both treaty law and customary international humanitarian law, and indiscriminate attacks are strictly forbidden. During the phased attacks on a school in Minab, 168 children between the age of 7 and 12 were killed, and many others were injured. These offenses occurred in a context in which international attacks against educational facilities that are not military objectives constitute war crimes under Article 8 of the Rome Statute. Moreover, attacks against school and hospitals, as well as against protected persons, are among the 6 grave violations identified by the Security Council as triggers for the monitoring and reporting mechanisms on children and on conflict. A strike on a functioning school during class hours continues a profound assault not only on children and education, but also on the future of an entire community. International humanitarian law further imposes specific obligations on parties to armed conflict to safeguard education. Customary rules require that all feasible precautions be taken to avoid damage to educational facilities and strictly prohibit their seizure, education, or willful damage. Given the seriousness and urgency of these violations, the Islamic Republic of Iran firmly believes that the Human Rights Council must address this situation without delay in line with the mandate to prevent and respond to human rights violations affecting attacks affecting schools and children. Such a debate must send a clear and unequivocal message to the United States and Israel as perpetrators regarding the immediate cessation of attacks against civilians, particularly children, full compliance with international law and protection of civilian populations, and the urgent need to prevent further escalation and its potentially devastating consequences. In this context, we call upon the Human Rights Council to fulfill its responsibility in addressing the human rights dimensions of these developments, and we urge all delegations to support this request. Thank you very much. HRC · Vice-President [4:39:13]: Thank you. I now give the floor to members of the Council who may wish to make general comments on this proposal. I see no request for the floor. May I take it that the Council decides to hold the urgent debate on the protection of children and educational institutions in international armed conflict, the aerial attacks on Shah Jahan Tayyebeh Girls' School in Minab, Iran, as a grave breach International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law on Friday, 27 March at 9 AM. I see no objection. It is so decided. Excellencies, distinguished representatives, colleagues, this brings us to the end of this This segment. We will now take a short technical break before continuing the general debate under Agenda Item 9.