20th Meeting - 63rd Session of Human Rights Council

Excellencies, distinguished colleagues, I call to order the 20th meeting of the 63rd session of the Human Rights Council. Before we start, let me remind you that the deadline for submission of draft proposals for this session is Thursday, 24th of September. At 1 p.m. Geneva time, I encourage co-sponsors to table draft proposals as soon as possible. We'll resume our interactive dialogue with the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Russian Federation. We'll continue with the list of speakers. First of all, I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Croatia.

Mr. Vice President, Croatia aligns with the EU statement. We thank the Special Reporter for a report that is chilling testimony to today's Russia, one of the most prolific perpetrators of transnational repression. Since the full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Russia's domestic repressive apparatus has been exported abroad, becoming a systematic, whole-of-government instrument of state policy. including digital surveillance of exiles, threats to the lives of human rights defenders, forcible returns, abuse of international cooperation mechanisms, and surveillance of diaspora communities. We condemn these practices in the strongest possible terms. Madam Special Rapporteur, we deplore Russia's continued refusal to cooperate with your mandate or to permit a country visit. Equally alarming is that those who share information with you routinely face reprisals against themselves or their families. We call on Russia to end all reprisals and engage fully with special procedures. We would welcome your recommendations on how host states can better shield diaspora and exiled human rights defenders from transnational repression. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the representative of the DPRK.

Mr. Vice President, my delegation wishes to express serious concerns regarding the objectivity and impartiality of the report of the Special Rapporteur on transnational repression by Russian Federation. In our view, this is just another politicized attempt aimed at tarnishing the image of the Russian Federation. The report appears to rely substantially on information provided by exiles and non-governmental organizations. This raises legitimate questions as to how an objective and balanced assessment can be ensured without taking into account the relevant information provided by the state concerned. It is also important to ensure that legislative measures taken by Russia to address foreign influence are assessed according to consistent and objective standards rather than through different approaches depending on the country concerned. At the same time, we believe that the broader human rights implications of unilateral sanctions and other coercive measures imposed upon Russia should also receive due consideration. Mr. Vice President, human rights should not be used as a means of singling out specific countries for political pressure. We therefore urge the Council and its special procedures to ensure that their assessments are based on a broad range of reliable information. information, reflect the views of all relevant parties, and apply consistent standards to all States without discrimination. I thank you, Mr. Vice-President.

Thank you. The floor is now open

to the distinguished representative of Liechtenstein.

Thank you, Mr. Vice-President. Liechtenstein thanks the Special Rapporteur for the presentation of this important report. We are deeply alarmed by the Russian Federation's systematic use of transnational repression to silence dissent beyond its borders. As the report demonstrates, the practices are a deliberate extension of a domestic system of repression that have intensified since the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The expanding use of the so-called foreign agent and desirable organization frameworks, as well as the war censorship laws, have affected the lives of critical voices in exile and even restricted cooperation of independent Russian organizations with the United Nations. Particularly concerning is the growing use and scope of digital transnational repression. Mr. Vice President. The absence of accountability for the systematic domestic and transnational repression remains deeply troubling, reprisals against organizations that document human rights violations undermine the evidence needed for accountability and independent scrutiny. In this regard, we would like to ask the Special Rapporteur what are steps that States should take to close the accountability gap for transnational repression and ensure effective remedies and reparations for victims. I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished Ambassador of Japan.

Thank you, Mr. Vice-President. Madam Special Rapporteur, we express our appreciation to you for today's briefing. We remain concerned about the deteriorating human rights situation and shrinking civic space in the Russian Federation, we once again call the Russian authorities to fulfill all the obligations and international human rights law. The special rapporteur's report points out that grave violations of international human rights and humanitarian law continue to be committed with impunity in the war by the Russian Federation against Ukraine, in turn exacerbating repression in the Russian Federation itself and deepening the current human rights crisis. This reinforces our belief that promptly ending Russia's aggression against Ukraine is imperative, not only to prevent further suffering among the people of Ukraine, but also for the sake of the Russian people. In closing, we would like once again thank the Special Rapporteur for her important work and express our full support for her mandate. I thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished Ambassador of Germany.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Germany aligns itself with the EU statement. For years, we have now witnessed the expansion and fortification of Russian system of repression. Especially since the beginning of the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine, the clampdown on civil society has further tightened. LGBTIQ persons, religious and ethnic minorities, and indigenous people are specifically targeted. Voicing dissent has become impossible. Counterterrorism and extremism laws purported to enhance public safety are instead weaponized to criminalize, punish, and threaten. This includes the designation of civil society organizations as undesired and extremist, a repressive measure that has also been applied to German institutions. We thank the Special Rapporteur for her report. It clearly shows Russia is a perpetrator and enabler of transnational repression. Germany condemns Russia's systematic repression inside and beyond its borders, targeting individuals abroad and their families in Russia. Germany calls for the renewal of the Special Rapporteur's mandate as a lifeline for the remaining Russian civil society and human rights defenders. They need our continued attention and support. Madame Special Rapporteur, as many others, my question is: How can we most effectively protect Russian human rights defenders and hold Russian perpetrators accountable. Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Australia.

Thank you, Vice-President.

Australia thanks the Special Rapporteur for her report. Australia is gravely concerned by the rapidly deteriorating human rights situation in Russia. We are troubled that Russia's repression increasingly extends beyond its borders. Russia's invasion of Ukraine demonstrates its contempt for human rights. We call on Russia to end its aggression, withdraw from Ukraine, and comply with international law, including its obligations concerning prisoners of war and forcibly transferred Ukrainian children. We condemn Russia's silencing of political opponents, civil society organisations, human rights defenders, independent media, and other dissenting voices. Australia is deeply concerned by new laws targeting critics in exile. These measures threaten access to property, banking, employment, identity documents, and consular services, heightening the risk of transnational repression. We remain alarmed by Russia's persecution of LGBTQIA+ people and religious and ethnic minorities, as well as its continuing dismantling of independent civil society. Australia supports the renewal of the Special Rapporteur's mandate and recognises its essential role in independently documenting human rights violations and supporting accountability. Special Rapporteur, what more can the international community do to support those who defend human rights and democratic freedoms in Russia and protect those targeted by repression abroad? Thank you.

Thank you. The floor to the distinguished representative of South Sudan.

Mr. Vice President, South Sudan takes note of the Special Rapporteur's report on the human rights situation in the Russian Federation. We reiterate our firm position that respect for state sovereignty, non-interference in internal affairs, non-selectivity and non-politicization, as enshrined in the UN Charter, are essential to promoting and protecting human rights globally. We remain concerned that countries Country-specific mandates established without the consent of the concerned state can undermine constructive dialogue and cooperation within the Human Rights Council, particularly when perceived as advancing geopolitical interests or selective narratives. South Sudan recognizes Russia's efforts to promote and protect the rights of its people, including through expanded social safety nets, strengthened child protection frameworks, and reforms of legal and judicial institutions. We also welcome Russia's humanitarian dialogue and practical cooperation with the ICRC, including large-scale exchange of prisoners of war and civilian detainees, as well as efforts to facilitate the dignified repatriation of the remains of fallen servicemen. In conclusion, We encourage the Special Rapporteur to uphold objectivity, impartiality, credibility and neutrality, including when addressing allegations concerning actions attributed to Russian authorities beyond their territorial. Thank you.

I give the floor

to the distinguished Ambassador of Ireland.

Thank you, Vice-President. Ireland aligns with the statement of the EU and thanks the Special Rapporteur for her report. As Russia intensifies its reckless drone and missile attacks on Ukrainian towns and cities, it continues to expand its structural system of repression beyond its borders. Ireland condemns Russia's transnational repression and is appalled by Russia's systematic extension of its domestic targeting of civil society organisations, human rights defenders, LGBTIQ+ persons, lawyers, indigenous peoples, independent media and journalists beyond the country's borders. This includes placing them on extremist or terrorist lists. We also condemn the repression of political opposition in the context of the Duma election. The Special Rapporteur's report demonstrates how Russia's transnational repression relies on a wide range of tools, including violence, intimidation, digital attacks, the use of proxies, and the instrumentalisation of legal and administrative processes. We echo the Special Rapporteur's condemnation of Russia's abuse of Interpol and other international law enforcement cooperation and mutual legal assistance mechanisms to target critics and opponents of the government of the Russian Federation. We call on Russia to immediately cease this abuse. Special Rapporteur, which of these tools of transnational repression can the international community counteract with the most immediate effect? Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished Ambassador of Cuba.

Thank you, Vice-President. We regret that, once again, this Council has before it a disbalanced, selective, piecemeal report on the Russian Federation. It does nothing to contribute to an objective, impartial focus that should characterise examination of human rights in any country. The Council cannot be used as an instrument in the benefit of certain geopolitical agendas. The theme of human rights cannot be exploited to intervene in the internal affairs of states. We are opposed to the politicisation or instrumentalisation of human rights. Debates and decisions in the council should be grounded in respectful dialogue and genuine co-operation, which are the only effective means of promoting and protecting human rights in all countries. We reiterate our call for an immediate cessation of unilateral coercive measures against Russia that affect the lives and human rights of the Russian people. Thank you.

I give the floor to the representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. The Islamic Republic of Iran reiterates its principled opposition towards country-specific human rights mandate imposed without the consent of the state concerned. Selective and politically motivated approaches do not continue to the genuine promotion and protection of human rights. Rather, they deepen confrontation and undermine dialogue and mutual trust. We are concerned that the mandate on the Russian Federation continues in spite of clear objection of the country concerned toward its establishment and the content of its report. Mr. Vice President, the Human Rights Council should not become a political pressure instrument used to advance the geopolitical interests or political ambitions of individual states, nor should it be used as a mechanism to exert selective pressure on particular countries in pursuit of political objectives. The approach of the Council toward Russian Federation is perceived as being instrumentalized to pursue political agenda against this country, rather than addressing human rights concerns on the basis of objective standards and credible evidence. The Council must remain faithful to its mandate and ensure that human rights are never subordinated to political expediency or geopolitical considerations. Finally, we call on the Human Rights Council to pursue dialogue and cooperation. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished Representative of Spain.

Thank you very much, Vice-President. Spain aligns with the EU statement. We are grateful for the presentation of the Special Rapporteur's report and reiterate our full support to the independent exercise of her mandate. The diagnosis in the report on the alarming deterioration of the human rights situation in the Russian Federation is troubling. We are concerned by the closure of civic space, growing transnational repression against human rights defenders in exile. arbitrary application of legislation on foreign agents and lists of undesirable organizations, together with systematic criminalization of dissidents, has neutralized the work of independent journalism and human rights advocacy. We deplore the use of the words "extremists" or "terrorists" to describe human rights defenders or LGBT activists or members of national or religious minorities. We condemn this systemic use of arbitrary detention, disproportionate sentences that are politically motivated, violation of the right to due process. We urge the Russian Federation to immediately and unconditionally release all persons who have been deprived of their liberty arbitrarily and to comply with its international obligations. We lack the systematic co-operation from the Russian authorities with the special procedures of this council. Special rapporteur, What protection and multilateral cooperation mechanisms do you think are a priority to guarantee the physical and legal security of human rights defenders and Russian journalists in exile? Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Sudan.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President.

We took note of the report on the human rights situation in the Russian Federation. This Council has been established to promote dialogue regarding the promotion of human rights and to encourage best practices, stressing that promoting human rights is the state's responsibility through policies and legislations. And also, this includes respecting the laws and cultures of different states. Sudan has always called for the importance of the consent and cooperation of the concerned state to implement these mandates. The Russian Federation is one of the most influential states at the UN, and they play a major role in the referential framework of the UN in relation to human rights, and we encourage the Russian Federation to continue efforts to promote human rights. When it comes to the ramifications of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, we call for dialogue and peaceful means to stop bloodshed and to ensure stability in the region and in the whole world. Thank you, Mr. President.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Ethiopia.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Ethiopia reaffirms its principled commitment to the promotion and protection of human rights, consistent with the principle of sovereignty, territorial integrity, sovereign equality of states, and non-interference in the internal affairs of states. In this regard, we underscore the importance of ensuring that countries' specific mandates are implemented in an objective, impartial, transparent, and non-selective manner. Human rights mechanisms should serve to promote dialogue, cooperation, and mutual understanding, rather than contribute to polarization or confrontation. We believe that the consideration of human rights situations should be guided by the same standards and applied consistently, without selectivity, double standards, or politicization. man established without the consent of the state concerned risk being counterproductive and undermine cooperation, objectivity, and the principle of constructive engagement. Ethiopia further emphasized that differing views on human rights situation should be addressed through genuine dialogue and cooperation with due respect for national ownership and the legitimate responsibility of the states. In closing, Ethiopia calls upon the Council to uphold a principled approach founded on consensus, cooperation and constructive engagement in order to strengthen the credibility, effectiveness and universality of the international human rights system. I thank you, Mr Vice-President.

I thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Council of Europe.

Honourable Mr. Vice-President, the Council of Europe thanks the Special Rapporteur her report and the continued work on human rights situation in the Russian Federation. Russia is no longer a member of the Council of Europe and is not party of the European Convention on Human Rights, yet it remains bound to implement all outstanding judgments of the European Court of Human Rights, as reaffirmed at the summit in Reykjavik in 2023. More than 3,000 judgments, including five interstate cases, still await implementation. However, despite this clear obligation under international law, Russia continues to disregard these rulings. Cooperation with the UN remains essential to Russia's compliance with its obligations, and the Special Rapporteur's reports are a key reference for our organization's work in the supervision of the execution of outstanding judgments. Recent interstate judgments in Ukraine and the Netherlands versus Russia and Ukraine versus Russia regarding Crimea are central to the Council of Europe's efforts to hold Russia accountable. Accountability is key to achieving just peace in Ukraine. As our Secretary General recently stressed, the peace that follows this war will depend on the justice we build now. Ceasefires end wars. Law keeps the peace. I thank you.

Thank you. That was the last speaker that we could accommodate. will now turn to the list of speakers for NHRIs and non-governmental organizations. First, we'll be hearing a video from the Law Society.

Mr. President, the Law Society of England and Wales, Lawyers Rights Watch Canada, and Lawyers for Lawyers, thank the Special Rapporteur for her important work. We remain gravely concerned about the targeting of the legal profession in Russia. Lawyers working on political or sensitive cases increasingly face disbarment, criminal prosecution, the seizure of privileged materials, surveillance, and physical intimidation simply for doing their jobs. A growing number of Russian lawyers have been forced into exile, where many continue to face transnational repression. Since 2024, legislation has made the right to practice dependent on a register kept by the Ministry of Justice, required lawyers' chambers to open disciplinary proceedings at the Ministry's request, and made a lawyer remaining outside of Russia for more than a year grounds for disbarment. The Russian authorities are also escalating attacks on Crimean lawyers using similar tactics. In June, Russia was found to have violated several articles of ISIRD through its persecution of three Crimean Tatar lawyers. Furthermore, in July, 16 lawyers were labeled as foreign agents in retaliation for supporting or representing victims of persecution in occupied Crimea, bringing social and reputational stigma burdensome reporting requirements, risk of fines, and restrictions on professional and public activities. We call on the Council to urge Russia to end these attacks on lawyers, which not only threaten individuals, but undermine access to justice, fair trial rights, and the rule of law. Thank you.

We'll now hear another video joint statement from the International Bar Association.

The International Bar Association, Human Rights Institute, and International Commission of Jurists, Lawyers' Association of Canada, believe that the work of the Special Rapporteur is vital to addressing the crackdown on human rights in the Russian Federation. We deplore the continuing erosion of the independence of the legal profession in Russia and the systematic targeting of lawyers for carrying out their professional duties. State authorities have systematically used prosecution, arbitrary disciplinary measures, disbarment, detention, and severe punishment to intimidate lawyers and undermined essential role in upholding the human rights rule of law and ensuring access to justice the designation of lawyers as foreign agents further obstructed legitimate professional activity in 2025 at least 133 lawyers reportedly faced criminal charges which is an increase of over 50% compared with five years earlier we are concerned that the 2024 amendments to the law on advocacy and legal profession for the expand the Minister of Justice administrative and the disciplinary powers over the profession. In May 2026, at the Ministry's request, a court overrode the Moscow Bar Chamber's refusal and terminated the status of three prominent lawyers, arguing that they left outside Russia for more than a year without valid reasons. These developments form part of a broader assault on independent institutions and civil society in Russia. We therefore urge the Special Rapporteur to renew the mandate. Thank you.

I give the floor to the Society for Threatened Peoples.

Thank you, President, Special Rapporteur. I speak on behalf of the Society for Threatened Peoples. We want to speak about the criminalization of human rights defenders from among indigenous people in Russia. On 17 December 2025, in nine regions in Russia, there were coordinated searches and interrogations of 17 indigenous human rights activists and defenders. As a result, more than 10 human rights defenders were forced to leave Russia for their own security. But now they are being subjected to transnational repression. The same day, Daria Yeregova was arrested, a Selkup indigenous human rights defender and co-chair of the International Forum of Indigenous Peoples on Climate Change, together with indigenous rights defender Natalia Leongar. Both of them continue to be in custody. pending judicial proceedings with regard to their peaceful activities to protect the rights of indigenous peoples. Their cases are a cause for major concern with respect to intimidation and repression against indigenous human rights defenders cooperating with UN mechanisms. Special rapporteur, how do you assess the criminal prosecution of human rights indigenous defenders in this case, including the risk of repression against those who cooperate with UN mechanisms? We urge the Russian Federation to immediately irreleas, Daria Yegorova, and Natalia Liengard. Thank you, President.

Thank you. I give the floor to International Federation for Human Rights Leagues.

Mr. President, esteemed members of the Council, Memorial Human Rights Defense Center and the International Federation for Human Rights thank the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Russian Federation for her comprehensive and important report. Human rights situation in Russia continues to deteriorate. The number of political prisoners keeps growing. Behind bars, they face torture and inhuman treatment. Of particular concern is the fate of Ukrainian detainees held by Russia on its territory and in the temporarily occupied territories. We are also deeply concerned about Russians imprisoned for protesting against the war in Ukraine. During the last year, the authorities took further steps to dismantle independent civil society. Memorial was designated as an extremist organization, while FIDH and other international human rights organizations were declared undesirable. In August, a new set of measures described by human rights defenders as a "civic death law" entered into force. It further restricts the rights of Russians living in exile who are targeted by politically motivated persecution. Despite this pressure, Russian human rights defenders continue to document violations, support victims, and preserve access to independent information. The Special Rapporteur's mandate is essential for documenting these developments and ensuring continued international scrutiny. We, therefore, urge this Council to renew the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on Russia. I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the representative from the Human Rights House Foundation for a joint statement.

Thank you, Vice-President. We welcome the Special Rapporteur's focus on transnational repression. Repression by the Russian authorities increasingly does not stop at Russia's borders. The same laws used to silence civil society at home are being extended to punish those forced into exile. The report rightly documents how Russian authorities enable transnational repression by other states, including through detention, forced return, and abduction. Recent legislation allows authorities to target human rights defenders abroad through an absentia proceedings, restrictions on property and banking, and denial of essential consular services, including passports and notarial services. Such measures risk leaving Russian citizens abroad without valid documentation and effectively trapped in legal limbo. This comes alongside the escalating criminalization of those documenting repression. Memorial-affiliated civil society organizations and OVD-Info have recently been designated extremist, making cooperation with or support for their legitimate human rights work potentially criminal. The designation has already forced OVD-Info to end cooperation with lawyers inside Russia and end providing humanitarian aid to political prisoners. Vice President. We ask the Special Rapporteur, what should states do to prevent Russia's repression from following its critics into exile, including through restrictions on their documents, property, and finances? I thank you.

Thank you. I call upon the representative of Ingenieurs du Monde for a joint statement.

Mr. President, I fled my home country, Russia, in 2012. After security services threatened me with 20 years in prison for state treason for my democracy work, I crossed the border, but the repression crossed it too. In exile, I was followed, intimidated, and cyberattacked. Three years ago, I was poisoned in Europe, but I'm only one of thousands. Russia imprisons dissidents at home and hunts us abroad. Exiled Russians face surveillance, threats against their families, extradition requests, digital and physical attacks. Dictatorships do not need to silence everyone. They only need to make everyone wonder, am I next? This is the real power of transnational repression. So I ask this Council, what is the meaning of refugee if persecution can follow you even in democratic countries? No one should escape repression at home only to face it again in exile. A border should be a line repression cannot cross. Democracies must be clear. Those who conduct and order transnational repression will face consequences. Exile must mean safety. And ultimately, our security depends on both a sovereign and secure Ukraine and free and democratic Russia. Victory to Ukraine. Freedom to Russia. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the representative from the Human Rights Watch.

Mr. Vice President, we thank the Special Rapporteur for her report and share her assessment regarding the escalating human rights crisis in Russia and the dramatic rise in transnational repression. In August, Russia adopted new repressive legislation providing for a wide range of restrictions against Russian exiles convicted of offenses predominantly used for politically motivated prosecutions. These include a prohibition on providing consular support, such as renewal of passports, notary services, denial of access to Russian governmental digital services, and freezing of bank accounts and other assets in Russia. Russian authorities continue their harsh retaliatory practices. The government branded many more individuals and organizations as foreign agents or undesirable. including Human Rights Watch for that matter. The government expanded its use of extremist organization designations against Russian civil society groups and LGBT people and their supporters. Authorities seem to intimidate and silence critics, including independent reporters, writers, human rights defenders, political opposition supporters, and especially those who criticize the war in Ukraine. As of September 2026, Memorial, a leading Russian human rights association, bound as extremist by the government in April this year, recorded 1,806 political prisoners in Russia, up from over 1,100 a year ago. By increasingly cracking down on digital freedoms-

Thank you.

I now get the floor to for a joint statement, Lawyers Rights Watch Canada, a video statement.

Lawyers Rights Watch Canada, the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute, the Law Society of England and Wales, and Lawyers for Lawyers, with endorsement by OVD-Info and Memorial Human Rights Defense Center, deplore Russia's continued misuse of national security laws to stigmatize and criminalize dissent and human rights advocacy. Lawyers and human rights defenders have been designated as foreign agents, undesirable, or extremist to punish their reporting of rights violations. We are dismayed by the designations of OVD-Info and the vaguely described International Memorial movement as extremist organizations in reprisal for their legitimate advocacy. Lawyers increasingly face the same charges as their clients, and those arbitrarily detained face torture, ill treatment, and obstacles to legal representation. An escalating pattern of in absentia proceedings against persons outside Russia has included unfair proceedings and prison sentences against International Criminal Court judges. Russia recently passed new laws to place restrictive measures against persons outside Russia deemed to be evading punishment. The new laws are said to inflict "civic death" by imposing restrictions on banking and consular services, such as passport renewals. The escalation of violations shows the necessity of independent international monitoring by the Special Rapporteur. We urge the Council to renew the mandate with adequate resources to ensure its fulfilment. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the representative of Amnesty International.

Mr. Vice President, we urge this Council to extend the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on Russia as an indispensable tool for monitoring and promoting human rights in the country. We urge States to grant international protection to individuals who have fled persecution in Russia and face a grave risk of torture and unfair trial if forcibly returned. including those with foreign agent or undesirable organization status, anti-war activists, LGBTI+ individuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, and donors to the Alexei Navalny Anti-Corruption Foundation. We are alarmed that since the August package of laws introducing temporary restrictive measures against people outside Russia who have been convicted for political offenses can lead to civic death, as there is no possibility of effectively challenging the situation or restoring one's rights. We urge Russia to engage with the Special Rapporteur with a view to improving the human rights situation in the country. We urge States to renew this mandate and maintain their engagement and scrutiny regarding the human rights situation in the country. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the representative of War Resisters International.

WRI with Connectionivity thanks the Special Rapporteur for her report. In the Russian Federation, there is a lack of implementation of the constitutional right on conscientious objection to military service. This also affects military personnel, such as contract soldiers trying to resign, men forcibly mobilized, and reservists. Access to alternative civil service remain extremely limited. Applicants are often driven in cycle of repeated applications, refusals, lawsuits, which can last years, and may result in their being sent to military units. As reported by Forum 18, many Jehovah's Witnesses do not openly declare their religious affiliation when applying. Their community has been banned since 2017 as extremists. This year, there have been changes in the conscription system that, together with the electronic military registration and summons system, make recruitment a continuous process. Many conscripts are pressured to sign military contracts. There are cases involving private recruiters, intermediaries, including the Pensa region. Regional authorities are institutionalizing financial incentives for recruiting people. Conscientious objectors and deserters who refuse to participate in the illegal war of aggression are forced to leave their country and seek protection abroad where transnational repression threatens their life. Those unable to leave face criminal prosecution and are at risk to forcibly be returned to the front. We strongly reiterate the recommendation of the Special Rapporteur to ensure that asylum immigration procedures properly identify transnational repression as grounds for protection and and give protection. Thank you.

Thank you very much. That was the last speaker we could accommodate at this debate, and I'd like to thank all delegations for rigour as regards the time management. I'd now like to give the floor to the Special Rapporteur to make her concluding remarks. Please go ahead.

I'm told I have only one minute, so I'm on a timer here. To those of you like Venezuela, Eritrea, Belarus, who are questioning the validity of my cases, of my report, I would like to invite you bilaterally to discuss and also to submit to my mandate any cases that you consider are not verified. I really welcome that. To the questions about, I cannot agree more with Mali. The other side wasn't here, heard, because the Russian Federation has not applied to my repeated request for information, including on this report. And to the questions from some of you, what could be done? Please develop, really, a binding UN convention. This is one wishful thinking. And what could be done now? Accountability through universal jurisdiction. Investigate cases of transnational repression in your countries. Apply targeted sanctions to perpetrators of transnational repression. Also, apply vetting to Interpol notices and to any Russian designations. create national strategies and systems, involve the police, the prosecutors, the civil society to tackle transnational repression, because it's not inevitable and it's in our hands to stop it. Thank you.

I'd like to thank Madame Katarova for her participation in today's dialogue and also in her work in favour of this Council. Thank you very much indeed. With this, we have concluded our interactive dialogue. We will now take a short break before beginning our dialogue with the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on the Republic of Iran. Excellencies, distinguished delegates, we will begin our interactive dialogue with the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on the Islamic Republic of Iran. The list of speakers will close in 15 minutes. It's a pleasure for me to welcome the distinguished members of the Commission, Madame Sarah Hussein, Ms. Viviane Krstic and Mr. Max De Plessis. I now give the floor to the Chair of the Fact-Finding Mission to present the report. You have the floor.

Mr. Vice President, Excellencies and colleagues, I am honored to address the Human Rights Council today on behalf of the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on the Islamic Republic of Iran and on behalf of my fellow members, Viviana Krsticевич and Max Duplessis. Today, the rights of people in Iran are being trampled by their government's extreme ongoing repression following the protests that started in December 2025. and the ongoing and large-scale military campaign by the United States of America and Israel, which started on the 28th of February this year. These combined have destroyed the lives of Iranians and are depriving them of security. The hostilities have also been instrumentalized by the government of Iran to further intensify persecution of protesters and as a pretext for and accelerator of repression. The report we present today reflects the devastating impact of these activities on the people of Iran and presents our findings on the suppression of the 2025-2026 protests, the continuing hostilities, and the ongoing repressive acts by the government of Iran. It consolidates our findings to date on violations of international human rights law, international humanitarian law, and on crimes under international law. Our report draws upon interviews conducted with 73 witnesses, Satellite imagery, video and photographic material and information from experts, we've also examined 75 documents received from the government of Iran since the 1st of January this year. Our investigations have been held despite encountering serious operational constraints, including continuing lack of access to the country, the government of Iran's communication restrictions, and their new and increased repressive measures, which have exacerbated the fear of reprisals and prevented victims and witnesses from coming forward in greater numbers. The hostilities have further severely disrupted access to information. The present findings should be understood, therefore, as capturing only part of the scale and extent of violations and crimes. Further investigation is needed. As you'll be aware, we've just marked the fourth anniversary of the death of Jina Mahsa Amini in custody and the ensuing women life freedom protests, which were triggered in 2022. That had triggered large scale repression, resulting in gross human rights violations, some of which the mission found amounted to crimes against humanity by the government of Iran. Four years on, there has been no accountability, with repressive laws and practices remaining entrenched. Once again, on the 28th of December 2025, people took to the streets across the country, first in reaction to mounting economic grievances, and then in calls for political change. A massive mobilization by people across the country was met with an extraordinarily brutal response by the Iranian authorities. The scale and breadth of this response have left Iranian people in agony and shock. The government's response marked a clear and extreme escalation in their use of lethal force and of mass arrests, with the 8th and 9th of January this year being the deadliest period. Security forces used lethal force to kill and injure protesters and bystanders, including children, although none of them posed an imminent threat of death or serious injury. Protesters sustained severe wounds to the head, the chest, and eyes from metal shotgun pellets, causing permanent blindness in many cases. Security forces also used less lethal weapons and ammunition outside of less lethal parameters to kill or injure protesters. The government of Iran has itself published a list of 3,038 names of people killed. It is also reported that 25,000 people were injured, with more than 50% of them requiring surgery. These numbers are already staggeringly, horrifyingly high. However, we believe the actual numbers may be significantly higher and are continuing to investigate. With regard to boys and girls killed and injured in the context of the protests, it has been reported that at least 221 children were killed. Witnesses have reported child victims being shot, with the youngest now reported as having been only four and a half months old. Many of those injured were unable to access healthcare. Security forces present in and around healthcare facilities used unnecessary force against and detained injured protesters, their family members, and medical staff inside hospitals. The mission found that authorities carried out large-scale arrests and detention during the protests and in their aftermath. This included the arrests of children and summons just to lawyers representing protesters. Security and intelligence forces also tortured detainees and subjected them to ill treatment. Families suffered torments in trying to determine the fate and whereabouts of their loved ones. The mission also found that Iran intensified its use of the death penalty against protesters. Between March to 31st August this year, the government of Iran executed at least 29 men in connection with the protests, five of them publicly. More than 70 people, including at least five women and three boys, remain at imminent risk of being sentenced to death or executed in relation to the protests. Some of those sentenced or executed had been charged under the broadly and vaguely formulated 2025 Espionage Act. Death sentences and executions follow trials marked by violations of due process and fair trial guarantees, forced confessions, and the denial of access to lawyers of one's own choosing. These are all well-established patterns documented earlier by the mission, which continue in flagrant disregard of calls from UN human rights bodies and in violation of Iran's obligations under international human rights law. We were deeply perturbed by the unprecedented scale of the restrictions on digital space imposed during the protests and their aftermath, including the start of the hostilities, with the government imposing the longest nationwide internet shutdown on record from the 8th of January onwards for more than five months. This prevented victims from seeking help and families from locating loved ones. It also critically prevented documentation of the crackdown. Disruptions of digital communications deepened people's isolation inside Iran and from the outside world. The mission is gravely concerned by draft legislation now before the Iranian parliament that threatens to make this isolation worse. It proposes imprisonment of any person, including a journalist, an academic, or an activist for up to 30 years simply for "communicating" with "foreign persons and entities" from designated states. If enacted, this law would curtail freedom of expression further, including to share and receive information and possible cooperation with UN human rights bodies. The Iranian government's repression of the recent protests has led the mission to find Iran responsible for gross human rights violations, many of which amount to the crimes against humanity of murder, imprisonment, and other severe deprivation of physical liberty, torture, and other inhumane acts. Mr. President, Excellencies, The Mission's mandate requires us to investigate and report on any human rights violations committed in Iran. To reflect the totality of the violations to which people in Iran have been subjected during this period, I will now speak about two emblematic incidents in relation to the ongoing hostilities. The first incident is the US airstrike on Shajareh Tayyebey Primary School in Minab, Hormozgan Province, in southern Iran. This building, a readily identifiable primary school, was struck by two cruise missiles, resulting, we have found, in 157 people killed, including 123 boys and girls, according to credible sources. We found reasonable grounds to believe that the airstrike conducted by the United States amounted to the war crime of making a civilian object the object of an attack. The second incident is another US airstrike against a sports center in a residential area of Lamed in Fars province. Local authorities determined that this airstrike killed 22 people, including 10 women and 12 men. We found reasonable grounds to believe that this US airstrike amounted to the war crime of launching an indiscriminate attack, resulting in loss of life or injury to civilians or damage to civilian objects. We are gravely concerned by the repeated airstrikes and threats of airstrikes on Iran, which continue to put civilians' lives at risk and exacerbate civilian suffering by destroying homes and livelihoods and disrupting access to basic services, including education and health. We are also alarmed by reports of Iranian strikes in the region that have struck residential buildings, civilian airports, and other civilian infrastructure, injuring and killing civilians, including migrant workers. The Mission is also concerned about the reported impact of the ongoing hostilities and recently imposed unilateral sectoral sanctions on deteriorating living conditions and sharply rising prices for basic goods inside the country, severely impacting the enjoyment of people to their rights to education, health, and adequate food and housing. Excellencies, the sufferings of people in Iran, rooted in intensified repression and violence by their government, the continuing hostilities, and growing economic hardship, compounded by unilateral sexual sanctions, must come to an end. First, we call on the government of Iran to cease all human rights violations and crimes against humanity. It must immediately halt executions, release all individuals arbitrarily detained, promptly withdraw the Countering Foreign Infiltration Bill and repeal the Espionage Act, and undertake effective, independent, and impartial investigations into these violations and crimes. Iran must ensure accountability, provide reparations, and guarantees of non-recurrence, including structural reforms. Further, considering the reservations many victims have expressed on the prospects of effective justice and accountability within Iran, we call on member states to pursue third state accountability for such violations and crimes through universal jurisdiction, while ensuring emergency support to victims. Secondly, we call on the parties to the conflict to immediately cease hostilities and on all member states to take urgent diplomatic action to this end. Thirdly, we call on all parties to the conflict to conduct prompt, independent and impartial investigations into allegations of violations of international humanitarian law, including on the US with respect to the findings made by the mission, and to ensure accountability, guarantees of non-reparation and reparations for victims and their families. In conclusion, Mr. Vice President and Excellencies, the increasingly brutal cycles of repression, violence, and impunity faced by the people of Iran require urgent action to address their structural drivers and to ensure truth, justice, and transformative reparations. I thank you.

Thank you very much indeed. According to the Council's practice, we should start by hearing the delegation of the country concerned. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran. You have five minutes.

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim, Mr. Vice President. Today, I wish to speak on behalf of a nation that, over the past year, has endured profound consequences arising from a blatant and brutal aggression prepared by the United States and Israeli regime. Most of the crisis that we suffered from, from war to economic hardship, were shaped, fueled, and externally instigated by the United States. 28th February, 2026 was a historic moment for the people of Iran. The acts of aggression by the United States and Israel, following multiple documented violations of international humanitarian law and human rights, marked one of the darkest pages of human history. Our people found themselves standing before some of the most criminal and reckless foreign states, who showed utter disregard for international law and demonstrated no restraint in their brutality. We heard openly expressed wishes to destroy our civilization and reduce our country to the Stone Age. seemingly without regard for the history, heritage, and resilience of the Iranian people. Yet those who make such threats overlook the fundamental truth that Iran has endured countless trials throughout its long history. And our courage in standing firm in the face of such adversity is precisely what has shaped us as a resilient people and preserved the greatness of Iranian people. It was due to such greatness that the dark pages of aggression were transformed into glorious chapters, written through the bravery of our soldiers, the unwavering loyalty of our people to the motherland, and the steadfast determination of children who witnessed their classmates being torn apart by the missiles of aggressors in their classrooms, determination to build a greater Iran. During this asymmetric war, our people stood in the face of some of the most sophisticated war crimes. The aggressors sought to strike at the very foundations of our civilization. bombing our schools, destroying our power plants, assassinating our officials, and targeting innocent civilians. Now the urgent task before the international community is to make the perpetrators of those crimes accountable. Iran has firmly resisted acts of aggression and externally driven efforts to undermine its security and stability. But our collective action today is holding the perpetrators of aggression accountable is an investment in the collective future of all of us. Mr. Vice President, people of Iran are caught between foreign invasion and economic impacts of U.S. Confronted with the most systematic and inhuman coercive measures committed by the United States. What sustained our nation was our people's understanding of the adversities confronting us, confidence in our own capabilities, and reliance on the strengths and resources of our own people. We demonstrated resilience in the face of sanctions, yet our resilience should not be construed as absolving the international community of its responsibility. to condemn the criminal nature of such measures imposed upon our nation. Mr. Vice President, the January protest in Iran was peaceful at the beginning, but immediately evolved into violent unrest amid external interferences. U.S. officials publicly acknowledged the transfer and smuggling of weapons into Iran for distribution among protesters. The transfer of weapons, together with external provocations, played a significant role in the escalation of the unrest in the broader sequence of events that preceded the subsequent aggression. To conclude, Iran maintains that the deliberate use of economic coercion against the whole nation, coupled with the external manipulation and militarization of internal unrest, amounts to crimes against humanity. A fact that fact-finding mission fails to address. I thank you, Mr. Vice President.

Thank you. Before we continue with the debate, I'm obliged to remind all speakers that they use language as per the practice of this forum. List of speakers is closed. We'll now hear from our delegations to put questions on the report. As usual, speaking time will be one minute, 30 seconds for all. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the EU, Ambassador.

Mr. Vice President, the EU thanks the fact-finding mission for their report. In January, Iranian forces answered peaceful protesters with lethal force and excessive violence. Since then, internal repression has only increased. Accountability is essential, and the EU thanks the fact-finding mission for collecting evidence. We call on the Iranian authorities to finally respect the right to protest and cease violence and repression. We strongly condemn the death penalty and torture and urge Iranian authorities to immediately stop all executions. The EU is gravely concerned about harassment and reprisals targeting women and girls, lawyers, journalists, minorities and human rights defenders. We remember the death of Mahsa Amini four years ago in police custody. The EU will continue to support civil society and Iranian human rights defenders. The EU and its Member States are considering further ways to respond to the situation and support the Iranian people. In July, we imposed additional sanctions on individuals responsible for human rights violations. The war has added an additional layer of suffering. We are deeply saddened by the loss of civilian lives. We call for utmost restraint and the full respect of international law, including international humanitarian law, the protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure by all parties, and recall the obligation to abide by the UN Charter. I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished Ambassador of Denmark.

Thank you, Vice-President. I'm delivering this statement on behalf of the Nordic-Baltic States. We thank the fact-finding mission for its report and its vital work on documenting the human rights situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran. We reiterate our serious concern about ongoing human rights violations. State-driven repression has intensified since the nationwide protest protest began in December 2025. The ongoing war has further exacerbated the situation on the ground, being used as a pretext to justify serious human rights violations. Recent sharp spikes in executions and use of the death penalty, including against individuals involved in protests, Protests are deeply alarming, especially amid reports that processes characterized by due process violations, forced confessions, restricted access to chosen lawyers, and limited information access have led to death sentences. We call on Iran to immediately end the use of the death penalty, impose a moratorium on executions, and release all persons arbitrarily detained for exercising their rights to freedom of expression and peaceful assembly. We are concerned that many gross human rights violations amount to the crimes against humanity of murder, imprisonment, torture and other inhumane acts. Given your findings of crimes against humanity, what are the most realistic pathways for accountability? What steps should States take to support justice for victims and their families? I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Australia.

Thank you, Mr. Vice-President. The Iranian regime continues to target dissent through a brutal campaign of executions and arbitrary arrests. Australia condemns the regime's use of death.

I beg your pardon, this point of order. We'll hear the point of order. Point of order, please. We'll hear the point of order.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. My delegation wishes to draw attention to the matter of procedural and diplomatic concern regarding the language used in this. Chamber. Within the United Nations, Member States are expected to address one another in accordance with established norms of diplomatic propriety and mutual respect, including the use of official state names. The deliberate substitution of such names with politically charged or projective terminology, such as the term "regime," is consistent with the spirit, decorum, and rules of conduct of the governing this Council. My delegation, therefore, respectfully call upon you, Mr. Vice President, to uphold the standard of this Assembly. Thank you.

Thank you very much. That observation is correct. I would like all delegations to abide by the use of agreed language. Using non-agreed language is unacceptable. Please, delegate from Australia, please continue with your statement.

We remain gravely concerned by reports of Iran using forced confessions, torture and other cruel, inhumane or degrading punishment. Minority groups in Iran, including Baha'is, Kurds and Baluchis, continue to be disproportionately affected by the crackdowns. Women and girls face systematic discrimination in public and private life. Iran must uphold the human rights of all its people. We must not forget that Iran's repression is also transnational. We call on Iran to halt the activities of its security agencies and proxies that harm, intimidate and silence dissidents, journalists and human rights defenders abroad. We condemn Iran's strikes on civilians and civilian infrastructure throughout the Middle East conflict. Australia calls on all parties to protect civilians and prioritise dialogue and de-escalation. We ask, how can the international community hold Iran accountable for its escalating domestic oppression and acts of violence beyond its borders? I thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished Ambassador of Belgium.

Mr. Vice President, the FFN's report paints a sobering picture of the brutal repression of peaceful protesters

and the continued crackdown that followed.

From the outset, Belgium has condemned the use of excessive violence against citizens exercising their legitimate rights. The unlawful and deliberate use of lethal force against peaceful protesters, including children, underscores the imperative of accountability for grave human rights violations, many of which may amount to crimes against humanity. We condemn in the strongest terms the ongoing executions of protesters and call on the Iranian authorities to immediately halt these executions and release all those arbitrarily detained. The use of the death penalty to silence dissent can never be justified. Over the years, the FFM has documented a persistent and alarming pattern of serious human rights violations, repression and discrimination, including against women and girls who continue to face pervasive discrimination in law and in practice. Regrettably, the war has further compounded the suffering of the Iranian people. We are deeply saddened by the tragic loss of civilian lives, including following the airstrike on the school in Minab, We call on the US authorities to continue their investigation in a prompt, thorough, independent, impartial and transparent manner. Dear members of the FFM, how can your findings contribute to strengthening accountability efforts? I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Albania.

Vice President, Albania thanks the International Fact-Finding Mission on Iran for its report. We reaffirm our full support to its mandate. but profoundly troubled by the worsening human rights situation, marked by increasing repression since the protests in December 2025. Albania condemns the alarming spike in executions, especially for offences linked to national security and protests. The death penalty should never serve to intimidate the population or repress dissidents. We urge the Iranian authorities to immediately suspend all executions and establish a moratorium with a view to its abolition. We also remain extremely concerned by the disproportionate targeting of ethnic and religious minorities, as well as of girls and women of journalists, lawyers and human rights defenders, all should be able to exercise their fundamental freedoms without fear of persecution. Finally, Albania will continue to support the legitimate aspirations of the Iranian people to dignity, freedom and full respect for their fundamental rights. Thank you very much.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Liechtenstein.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Liechtenstein thanks the fact-finding mission for the presentation of its report. We are deeply worried about the volatile security situation in the wider Middle East region and deplore the massive impact of the hostilities on civilian populations and infrastructure, as well as their significant negative repercussions throughout the world. At the same time, this is no justification for the disproportionate and deliberate use of lethal force and mass arrests by the Iranian authorities against peaceful protesters, including children, in response to the protests at the beginning of the year. The following nationwide internet shutdown and suspension of digital communications further deteriorated the situation, depriving people of essential means to communicate or seek urgent medical assistance. Moreover, we strongly condemn the continued use of the death penalty as a tool of repression. Mr. Vice President, the population of Iran is confronted with both state repression and the devastating consequences of armed conflict. International human rights law and international humanitarian law must be respected by all parties. Accountability must be ensured for all crimes and violations. Executions must be stopped, and the rights and dignity of the people must be placed at the center of all actions. I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished Ambassador of Italy.

Mr. President, as a party to the EU statement, Italy thanks the fact-finding mission, which is deeply concerning for both the impact of the conflict on civilian population and internal human rights situation. We reiterate our support for its work. Italy is deeply concerned about the deteriorated human rights situation in Iran, especially after January 2026, in light of widespread arrests, curbs on fundamental freedoms, communication restrictions, and violence against human rights defenders. We condemn the recent acceleration in executions as a means to suppressing dissent, including in cases involving very young individuals. We call on Iran to halt all executions and to release all those detained in violation of due process guarantees and the right to life. We also urge Iran to end all forms of discrimination against ethnic and religious minorities, including Baha'i. and to ensure the full protection of human rights, including women and girls' rights. I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Eritrea.

Thank you, Mr. Vice-President. Eritrea reaffirms its commitment to the universality, indivisibility and promotion of human rights. At the same time, Eritrea rejects the selective and politicized application of human rights standards and the use of country-specific mechanisms as instruments of political pressure. Reports addressing serious allegations must meet the highest standards of objectivity, impartiality, transparency, and verification. Conclusions should not be drawn from selective information, politically motivated sources, or narratives that fail to adequately consider the national, regional, and international context in which events occur. The Human Rights Council should be particularly cautious when dealing with politically sensitive situations where competing narratives and external geopolitical interests can easily influence the presentation of facts. Eritrea encourages engagement with the Islamic Republic of Iran through dialogue and cooperation on mutually agreed terms. The Universal Periodic Review, with its universal coverage and state-driven character, remains the most appropriate framework for constructive and non-selective engagement on human rights. I thank you, Mr. Vice President.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of France.

Thank you, Vice-President. France thanks the fact-finding mission for its crucial work of documenting human rights violations in Iran. It calls on the Iranian authorities to cooperate fully with the mission and to guarantee it free, unhindered access to the country. Given the legitimate aspirations of the Iranian people for freedom and dignity, the authorities have responded through violence, mass arrests and repression. France firmly condemns use of lethal force against peaceful protesters. arbitrary detentions, torture and forced confessions. It calls for the release of arbitrarily detained persons. These violations must be subject to independent investigations and perpetrators must be called to account. France reaffirms its absolute opposition to the death penalty, where so ever and it may be. The rise in executions in Iran is alarming. We call on Iran to immediately put an end to this practice. Four years after the death of Mahsa Amini, we reaffirm our support to Iranian women and girls, to human rights defenders, journalists, and persons belonging to minorities facing persecutions and reprisals. Finally, hostilities have aggravated the suffering of the population. France calls for a de-escalation and full respect of international law, especially humanitarian law, by all parties. Protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure must be guaranteed. The Iranian people must be able to freely choose their future. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished Ambassador of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Thank you, Vice-President. The United Kingdom thanks the fact-finding mission for its report. We remain horrified by the dire human rights situation in Iran. The mission's findings regarding the violent repression of peaceful protests that began in December, including the use of lethal force against those who posed no imminent threat, such as children, are particularly alarming. The crackdown was the deadliest in the Islamic Republic's history. Iran's abhorrent use of the death penalty, prolonged nationwide internet shutdowns, torture and ill treatment, and restrictions on fundamental freedoms fuel cycles of repression for the people of Iran. The report documents civilian deaths arising from the March 2026 conflict in Minab in Iran and across the region. Innocent civilians should never be caught in the crossfire. The United Kingdom continues to support the work of the fact-finding mission and the Special Rapporteur. Independent documentation of violations is essential to accountability, justice for victims and survivors, and the prevention of future abuses. The UK calls on the Iranian authorities to end the use of repression and to respect the human rights and fundamental freedoms of all people in Iran. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Sri Lanka.

Mr. Vice President, Sri Lanka reiterates its principled position against country-specific initiatives pursued without the consent of the country concerned. Such approaches are confrontational, counterproductive, and undermine the spirit of dialogue and cooperation that should guide this Council. Any action to improve the human rights situation of a country should be guided by the principles of mutual respect and cooperation based on the consent of the country concerned. Efforts to advance human rights should be consistent with sovereign equality, territorial integrity, and non-interference. We therefore underscore the principles of universality, impartiality, objectivity, and non-selectivity as stipulated in General Assembly resolution 60/251 and the IB package.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Japan.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Japan thanks the FOCFAN mission for its presentation of a robust and sustained effort to ensure accountability. We are deeply concerned about the ongoing deterioration of the situation surrounding Iran, which has serious implication for the protection and promotion of human rights of the Iranian people. The protection of human rights is a basic responsibility for all nations. It is essential that the international community continue dialogue cooperation with the view to fulfilling the responsibility. As a country that respects fundamental value and principles such as freedom, democracy, human rights, and the rule of law, Japan will continue to make all necessary diplomatic effort in coordinating with the international community to bring about an early declaration of the situation, which is fundamental to the future. In this regard, Japan remains open to the dialogue with all stakeholders, including Iran, to further exchange views on the effort to promote and protect human rights of all individuals. I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished Ambassador of Luxembourg.

President, Luxembourg supports the EU statement We thank the mission for its report and welcome its documentation work, which was conducted in very difficult circumstances. The findings of the report reflect particularly troubling circumstances that are linked, inter alia, to the protests of 2025-26. The information that it contains bears out the mass use of force against protesters, including against children. as well as arbitrary arrest, acts of torture and ill-treatment, as well as the growing use of the death penalty. We condemn such acts in all circumstances. We remain concerned by ongoing restrictions on the civic and digital space that have denied the population access to information and essential services. Iran and all actors involved in the conflict must fully respect their obligations under international law, including IHL. Luxembourg urges the Iranian authorities to fully cooperate with the mission and with the UN mechanisms and to implement the recommendations formulated by the mission. Madam head of mission, what do you believe are the most effective means at the international community's disposal to enhance protection for victims and to combat impunity in the current context in Iran. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished Ambassador of the Netherlands.

Thank you, Mr. Vice-President. The Kingdom of the Netherlands aligns itself with the statement of the European Union and thanks the fact-finding mission for its report and presentation. We have profound concerns about the continued suffering of the Iranian people. The report illustrates the gravity of intensified domestic repression, including the increase in unlawful executions. The Netherlands supports the ongoing monitoring and investigation of the fact-finding mission, which is invaluable in achieving accountability for widespread human rights violations in Iran, and reiterates the importance of full and unhindered access. Moreover, the report also stipulates the grave consequences for Iranian civilians as a result of the hostilities between the parties to the conflict in Iran. The Netherlands deeply regrets all civilian casualties in Iran and in the region and calls for the full respect of international law, including international humanitarian law, notably the protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure. Mr. Vice President, the Netherlands supports the call by the fact-finding mission for prompt diplomatic action to implement a permanent peace. We continue to urge that all parties involved fully cooperate with the Special Rapporteur and the fact-finding mission. I thank you.

Thank you, Agnes of Lorde. Distinguished representative of Austria.

Thank you. Austria aligns itself with the statement of the EU. At the outset, as regards the war in Iran, we want to stress the importance of upholding international law, including international human rights law and international humanitarian law. With regards to the human rights situation in Iran, we wish to draw particular attention to the situation of persons belonging to minorities, as well as to the alarming escalation in the use of the death penalty. We remain deeply concerned that members of the Kurdish and Baluch communities, as well as other minorities such as the Baha'i, face longstanding discrimination compounded by arbitrary detention, ill treatment, and repression. More broadly, we are alarmed by the dramatic rise in executions in Iran. As the High Commissioner has warned, capital punishment continues to be used to instill fear among the population and suppress dissent. This is particularly disturbing in the aftermath of the protests, when so many people took to the streets to peacefully exercise their rights. Since March, at least 29 men have been executed in connection with the protests, while more than 70 others, including at least five women and three boys, remain at imminent risk of being sentenced to death or executed. Austria reiterates its unequivocal opposition to the death penalty in all circumstances and calls on Iran to immediately halt all executions.

I thank you.

Thank you. Give the floor to the distinguished representative of Ethiopia.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Ethiopia attaches great importance to the role of multilateral forums, including this Council, in promoting dialogue, cooperation, and fulfilment of states' human rights obligations. Ethiopia considers constructive engagement and cooperation with States to be essential to addressing human rights concerns in a meaningful and sustainable manner. Ethiopia takes note of Iran's engagement with United Nations human rights mechanisms and encourages the Islamic Republic of Iran to further strengthen its cooperation with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and other relevant mechanisms, as well as its engagement with the Universal Periodic Review, including the implementation of recommendations it has accepted. Ethiopia emphasizes that the promotion and protection of human rights are best advanced through sustained dialogue, cooperation, and support for nationally-led efforts. To this end, Ethiopia stands ready to support constructive efforts with this Council that contribute to dialogue, cooperation, mutual understanding, and tangible progress in the promotion and protection of human rights. I thank you, Mr. Vice-President.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the delegation of the Russian Federation.

Vice-President. We are extremely concerned by the current situation in and around Iran. The 28 February aggression by the US and Israel against a sovereign independent state is in violation of the UN Charter and the founding principles of international law. Washington's actions and those of Jerusalem led to a sharp escalation of the situation in the whole region and risk turning into a humanitarian and economic disaster for the whole global community. It is completely unacceptable to try to justify that aggression against Iran with some kind of illusory threats to international peace and security. We stress the need for a political settlement of the current crisis, and we call on all interested parties to facilitate dialogue based on international law, mutual respect and a balance of interests. We categorically condemn any attempts to politicise the human rights issue. as which the collective West has used as a used to pressure on any dissenting countries. In the example of Iran, using pseudo-humanitarian pretext, the same countries try out the same old policy to try and destabilize situations in countries they don't like. What's more, they are conspirators in this aggression, allegedly fighting for the democratic future of Iran. We call on them to refrain from this practice. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Republic of Moldova.

Mr. Vice President, we welcome the fact-finding mission report on the situation in Iran. The response of the Iranian authorities to protest has clearly aimed at violent suppression of dissent and intimidation. The reported use of little force to kill and injure protesters and bystanders, including children, represents a very serious violation of the fundamental human rights. We are also appalled by the reported number of death sentences and executions. We condemn the intensified use by the Iranian authorities of the death penalty against 2025-2026 protesters, including the public executions and those imposed against women. We reiterate our call on the establishment of a moratorium on the death penalty with a view of its complete abolition. Republic of Moldova calls on to the Iranian authorities to engage in full and meaningful cooperation with the international human rights bodies, granting thereby hereby full and unhindered access to the country to both thematic mandates. The security situation around Iran and in the wider Middle East remains fragile. It is of utmost importance to prevent any escalations and continue searching for long-term diplomatic solutions. We reiterate our strong call for ensuring respect of international law, international humanitarian law, and most importantly, protecting the civilian population. I thank you.

Thank you. I call upon the German Ambassador of Germany.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Germany aligns itself with the EU statement and thanks the independent international fact-finding mission for their report and their crucial work. The findings of crimes against humanity by Iran in the context of the brutal suppression of the protests against its own people are appalling. The perpetrators must be held accountable. We condemn in the strongest terms the ongoing executions of protesters and the use of the death penalty by the Iranian regime to punish individuals exercising their basic human rights. We call on Iran to immediately end this practice. We are deeply concerned by the findings of widespread arbitrary arrests and detention, enforced disappearances, and torture in the context of the nationwide protests. We call on Iran to immediately release all those arbitrarily detained. We are gravely concerned by the escalating practice of transnational repression by Iran to silence journalists, human rights defenders, and other critical voices abroad. Iran must end the abuses against the most fundamental rights of all its citizens and all civilians. in Iran and the wider region, regardless of their gender, sexual orientation, or ethnicity. In the context of the continued military escalation, Germany calls for the full respect of international law, including international humanitarian law. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the Canadian representative of Canada.

Thank you, Mr. Vice-President. Canada thanks the fact-finding mission for its critical work. The Islamic Republic of Iran's relentless repression of individuals associated with the protests that began in December 2025 remains deeply concerning. The reported mass killings and unlawful use of force against protesters on January 8 and 9, 2026, raise significant alarm about Iran's human rights violations and the urgent need for accountability. We are appalled by the executions and death sentences imposed against protesters for exercising their human rights. Canada unequivocally condemns these executions and calls on Iran to immediately halt all pending executions and to ensure fair trial guarantees in accordance with its international human rights obligations. The systemic use of the death penalty, arbitrary detention, torture, ill-treatment, forced confessions, internet shutdowns, and transnational repression to silence dissent reflects a pattern of recurring violations of international human rights law and entrenched impunity by Iranian authorities. We are concerned that the ongoing conflict has compounded repression and insecurity for Iranians, further heightening the risk for human rights violations. We call on all parties to respect international humanitarian law and prioritize diplomacy. Canada commends the courage of human rights defenders who courageously seek truth, justice and accountability despite significant personal risks. We fully support the mandate of the fact-finding mission, whose work is essential to ending Iran's cycle of impunity. Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of North Macedonia.

Thank you, Mr. Vice-President. North Macedonia thanks the fact-finding mission for its latest report and assessment of the situation with human rights in Iran. We support the work of the mechanism. We are deeply alarmed by the continued deterioration of human rights following the nationwide protests. Reports of unlawful killings, including of children, excessive use of force, arbitrary arrests, and detentions, torture, and gender-based violence demand our urgent attention. We are particularly concerned by the targeting of women and girls for exercising their fundamental rights and freedoms. The prolonged internet shutdowns and restriction on communications are equally troubling. Cutting people off from the information and communication undermines freedom of expression, obstructs accountability, and leaves victims even more vulnerable. Most alarming is the increasing use of death sentences and executions against protesters, including the persons under the age of 18. We therefore call on the Iranian authorities to immediately end executions, uphold due processes and fair trial guarantees, restore full internet access, and respect freedom of expression, association, and peaceful assembly. Considering the mission findings, what concrete action can member states take to address the worrying trends and prevent further executions? protect those at risk, and ensure accountability for those irresponsible. Thank you.

Thank you. I call upon the temporary representative of New Zealand.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. New Zealand thanks the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission for its report and continued work in documenting serious human rights violations and abuses in Iran. We remain concerned by reports that Iranian security and law enforcement authorities have used excessive force against protesters and engaged other actions that restrict freedom of expression, peaceful assembly and association. We note reports of internet shutdowns and restrictions on access to information during the protests, which curtailed fundamental rights and freedoms and undermined transparency and accountability. New Zealand is concerned by ongoing reports of executions, including those imposed following proceedings that fall short of international fair trial standards. We reiterate our opposition to the death penalty in all circumstances and call on Iran to immediately halt executions. No individual should lose their life at the hands of the state for peacefully exercising their fundamental human rights. We remain concerned by ongoing discrimination against religious and ethnic minorities, including members of the Baha'i community. We urge Iran to cooperate fully with the fact-finding mission and to take meaningful steps to implement its recommendations to protect and promote the human rights of all persons in Iran. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished Ambassador of Ireland.

Thank you, Vice-President. Ireland aligns with the statement of the EU and thanks the members of the fact-finding mission for their report. Ireland commends the mission's continued efforts to document and preserve evidence of human rights violations in Iran and calls on Iran to cooperate fully with the mission, including by granting unhindered access to the country. This report is unequivocal. Iran is responsible for gross human rights violations, including of the rights to life, freedom from torture and ill-treatment, fair trial, and freedom of peaceful assembly, expression, and association. Ireland has consistently condemned the violations of human rights, including the killing of thousands of civilians during and after protests in recent months, structural discrimination against women and girls, the oppression of minority groups such as the Baha'i, as well as the extensive use of the death penalty, including as a tool of repression. Ireland calls on Iran to respect, protect and fulfil the human rights of its citizens and to ensure accountability, justice and reparations for all victims of violations. Ireland recalls that international humanitarian law applies to all parties in the conduct of military operations and must be upheld. We reiterate our call for the full respect for international law by all parties. Members of the Fact-Finding Mission, how can the international community best prevent and mitigate the practice of transnational repression?

Thank you.

Thank you. I call upon the Distinguished Ambassador of Czechia.

The Czech Republic aligns itself with the EU statement and thanks the FFM for its work. We remain concerned by deteriorating the human rights situation in Iran. We are particularly troubled by the draft legislation restricting contacts with foreign media, academia, civil society and international organizations. Its adoption could further undermine freedom of expression and access to information while exposing victims, journalists, and human rights defenders seeking to cooperate with the UN to reprisal. Recent threats against Radio Farda, broadcasting from Prague and providing independent news to people in Iran, further illustrate the pressure of independent media. Furthermore, we remain alarmed by executions, rising numbers of death sentences, and expedited proceedings against individuals linked to the protest movements, which raise serious concerns about the right to life and fair trial guarantee. Madam Chair, how would this legislation affect civil society's cooperation with the UN and what steps should this international community take to protect those at risk? I thank you.

Thank you. I call upon the distinguished Ambassador of Ukraine.

Mr. President, Ukraine thanks the fact-finding mission for its work despite severe restrictions and Iran's continued refusal to grant access. The latest report documents a staggering escalation of repression. killing of protesters, including children, torture, mass arbitrary detention, and executions following unfair trials. Many of these violations amount to crimes against humanity. We condemn the use of the death penalty to silence dissent, particularly death sentences for alleged offences committed by children. We call for an immediate halt to executions and the release of all those arbitrarily detained for exercising their rights. The mission's findings concerning repression in Iran demand a clear response from this Council. Those responsible must be held accountable, and victims must have access to justice and effective remedies. Iran's military support for Russia continues to enable attacks against Ukraine. Iran-designed Shahed drones terrorize our cities, kill civilians, and destroy infrastructure. This support must end. We urge Iran to end repression, ensure accountability, and cooperate fully with the mission and UN human rights mechanisms, including by granting unrestricted access. I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the representative of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. My delegation takes note of the report of the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on the Islamic Republic of Iran. We are concerned, however, that the report reflects a selective and one-sided approach to the human rights situation in Iran. Human rights mechanisms should not prejudge states or draw political conclusions from information that cannot be adequately verified. We also stress that promotion and protection of human rights must be based on dialogue, cooperation, and mutual respect, rather than confrontation and political pressure. At the same time, the serious humanitarian consequences of unilateral coercive measures imposed against Iran should not be overlooked. Such measures can have a direct impact on the daily lives and well-being of ordinary people and should be given due consideration in any genuine discussion of human rights. My delegation reaffirms its support for the Islamic Republic of Iran in defending its sovereignty and its legitimate right to pursue its own national development. I thank you, Mr. Vice-President.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Slovenia.

Thank you, Mr. Vice-President. We align ourselves with the EU statement and thank the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission for its report and crucial work. Slovenia continues to follow with great concern the grave human rights situation in Iran. We deplore the sharp rise in executions and death penalty, lack of fair trial and weakened due process, further restrictions of civil space and the persecution of minorities. The repression carried out by the Iranian authorities against peaceful protesters earlier this year, as well as the arbitrary arrests and summary executions of these protesters, some of them carried out in public, are serious violations of international human rights law. The internet shutdown was not acceptable, as it prevented crucial communications and access to emergency services. Slovenia strongly condemns the ongoing violence and the repression against women and girls in Iran. and the escalating targeting and the persecution of persons belonging to religious and ethnic minorities. We call on Iran to immediately halt all executions, including those protest-related, and to establish a moratorium on the use of the death penalty with a view to its abolition for all crimes. We further call on Iran to cooperate fully with the UN human rights mandates and allow unhindered access.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Belarus.

Thank you, Vice-President. We express our serious concerns as the international human rights system is responding to the situation in Iran, against whom a treacherous military aggression was conducted, which led to a full-scale armed conflict in the region. That conflict has led to completely unjustified victims among civilians, including the mass death of schoolgirls in Minab, and had far-reaching consequences for the civilian population, which are not just limited to the territory of Iran, but are affecting the whole region as a whole. The activities of the mission and its report confirm the partisan position of rapporteurs to present distorted information that does not reflect the actual situation of things. We condemn the exploitation of Human Rights Council mechanisms to exert pressure on the Iranian authorities and to try to justify intervention in the sovereign affairs of a state. This deleterious practice can in no way facilitate progress or improve the situation on the ground, and an end must be put to that kind of practice. We call on all parties that exercise influence to activate diplomatic channels to reach a swift, peaceful settlement. Thank you.

Thank you. I call upon the distinguished representative of Switzerland.

Vice-President, Switzerland would like to thank the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission for its report and its work. Switzerland remains deeply concerned by the serious human rights violations that have been documented as part of the demonstrations which began on 20 December 2025. And some of these, according to the mission, are crimes against humanity. We're also deeply concerned by the violations of international humanitarian law documented by the mission and by its conclusions, according to which acts committed by other actors within the context of hostilities could constitute war crimes. Switzerland condemns the increased use of the death penalty in Iran, including against those who were minors at the time of the alleged facts, as well as procedures which do not uphold the guarantees of a fair trial. Switzerland calls upon Iran to fully uphold its international obligations, particularly when it comes to human rights, and to guarantee a fair trial, to put an end to executions, to commute death penalties, and to protect human rights defenders, journalists, victims and their families. We reaffirm our support to the Mission's mandate and its appeal for independent inquiries and accountability. We underscore the need for unfettered access to UN mechanisms. What measures does the Mission believe to be a priority to guarantee accountability and combat impunity? I thank you.

Thank you. I call upon the Standing Ambassador of Cuba.

Senor

Vice-President, Cuba restates its firm condemnation of the criminal, irresponsible acts perpetrated by the US and Israel against Iran, in flagrant violation of the United Nations Charter and international law. No State is entitled to interfere in the domestic affairs of others, nor to threaten or use force. Sovereignty, territorial integrity of Iran and all States must be respected. Turkey rejects unilateral coercive measures that are imposed against Iran. Any consideration of the situation in Iran which seeks to be objective and impartial would need to require the elimination of those measures, which affect the lives of millions of people and access to basic products and services, including foodstuffs, medicines, water and sanitation, amongst others. The imposition of punitive interventionist-type mechanisms without the consent of the states concerned have proven to be ineffective because they don't have any genuine impact on the ground. Cuba does not support mechanisms imposed upon Iran. The only effective way of promoting human rights in all countries is through dialogue and cooperation based on impartiality, mutual respect, and non-interference. Thank you very much, sir.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Spain.

Thank you very much indeed, Vice-President. Spain would like to align with the EU statement and would like to thank the independent National FFM on Iran, whose work we support decisively. This is a fundamental contribution for accountability in the face of the ongoing breaches of international human rights law. as reflected in the report, since the peaceful protests of January 2026, the Iranian authorities have increased even further the repression against journalists, lawyers, human rights defenders, and all persons who demonstrate their discontent and defend their rights peacefully. We call upon the Iranian authorities to listen to its people, to respect their fundamental rights, to put an end to the enforced disappearances, arbitrary detentions, death penalties, and executions. We regret the growing repression and violence against women and young girls because of the fact that they defend their liberty and dignity, and against ethnic and religious minorities, such as the Baha'i, who are persecuted. Spain reiterates that there is no military alternative to a peaceful solution of all pending issues with Iran, and we call for an end to the armed to the armed conflict in the region, to protect the civilian population, to return to negotiating table, to achieve a sustainable and lasting solution by respecting international law and international humanitarian law. Thank you very much.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Malta.

Thank you, Mr. Vice-President. Malta aligns itself with the EU statement and thanks the fact-finding mission for the report. The fact-finding mission's report and work remains a vital component in monitoring the human rights situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran, which has grown progressively worse over the years. Four years since the death of Mahsa Amini in state custody and the protests that have happened since, Malta condemns in the strongest terms the intense crackdown on peaceful protesters and, in some cases, the application of the death penalty against them. With state executions experiencing a significant increase over the past months, Malta reiterates its call to Iran to establish a moratorium on the death penalty, leading to its abolishment. The FFM has also drawn attention to legislation before the Iranian parliament on countering foreign infiltration, where alleged cooperation or interaction with designated foreign states, media outlets, academic institutions, human rights defenders, and civil society groups could be prosecuted as major security offences and require Iranian citizens to declare and register activities with foreign agents or foreign nationals. We urge Iran to halt consideration of this bill and to ensure that its actions, including legislative proposals, are in line with international human rights law and Iran's obligations it freely subscribed to. Malta reiterates its full support to the fact-finding mission and its work. I thank you.

Thank

you. I call upon the distinguished Ambassador of Montenegro.

Mr. Vice President, we thank the mission for its compelling report. The January protests swept across Iran, uniting generation in demanding dignity, fundamental freedoms, and political change. The crackdown marks a dramatic escalation in both scale and brutality. The toll is staggering, thousands killed and tens of thousands detained. Little force, torture and ill treatment are compounded by restrictions to silence dissent in the isolated communities, particularly appalling is the number of children killed, with reports indicating at least 221. We strongly condemn the weaponization of the death penalty to instill fear and suppress dissent. Protesters face execution after grossly unfair proceedings, torture, confessions, and vaguely formulated charges. Dozens have been executed since March, some publicly, with many more, including women and children, at imminent risk. We recall that imposing the death penalty for offenses committed by children is absolutely prohibited under international law and call on the Iranian authorities to halt all executions immediately. The mission's findings that many gross violations amount to crimes against humanity calls for ending impunity, ensuring accountability, and providing effective remedies for victims. Meanwhile, people in Iran continue to face intensified repression compounded by renewed armed conflict, underscoring the need to protect civilians and fully respect international law. Distinguished experts, what concrete steps are most urgent to prevent further executions and preserve evidence for future?

Thank you. I call upon the distinguished representative of Mali. Mali does not wish to take the floor at this point in time, is that right?

It would appear

they don't so we will accommodate the next speaker on our list which is Indonesia

thank you Mr Vice President Indonesia takes note of the report and extend extend its deepest uh sympathy to the people of Iran affected by the UCM and the protest as well as by the US and Israel aggression with we strongly condemn we reiterate our from opposition to the extension of ffm Mandat stemming from a resolution that is unbalanced. While the mission acknowledged that the protests were triggered by economic condition, it fails to examine the root causes, most notably the crippling UCM against Iran. Mr. Vice President, we note the mission findings regarding the U.S. unlawful attack against civilians and civilian objects, including the primary school in Minab and the Lahmar Sport Center. As the report found reasonable ground to believe that this attack might constitute violation of international criminal and humanitarian law, we underscore that all relevant parties must fully uphold their obligation under international law and ensure the protection of all civilians. In this regard, we regret that the report offers no explicit recommendation to hold the perpetrators accountable. Finally, Indonesia reaffirmed the obligation of every state to guarantee human rights of its people, and we therefore call on Iran to continue doing so in accordance with its obligation under international law. I thank you, Mr. Vice President.

Thank you. I call upon the distinguished representative of Turkey.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Since the outset of the war in Iran, Turkey has consistently advocated for a peaceful resolution of the conflict, made active mediation efforts, and strongly supported the mediation initiatives undertaken by other countries. The only viable path to prevent the humanitarian tragedy caused by the war and to address the ongoing humanitarian and economic challenges is to give diplomacy a chance, refrain from military means, and bring the hostilities to an end. Our region has suffered greatly from wars, conflicts, and tensions. We express our sincere hope for restoration of peace, tranquility, and stability in the region as soon as possible. We reiterate our call on all relevant parties to return to the negotiating table and resolve their disputes through diplomacy, with a view to bringing an end to the humanitarian suffering caused by the war in Iran and across the region. Turkey will continue its efforts to promote the peaceful resolution of conflicts ensure that universal human rights norms and standards take root and prevail in this region.

Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the Chinese representative of China.

Mr. President, China has taken note of the relevant report. China always maintains that all parties must engage in constructive dialogue and cooperation based on equality and mutual respect. China opposes exploiting human rights as an excuse to interfere in other countries' internal affairs and establishing any country-specific mechanism without consent of the country concerned. Human rights should be viewed in the context of history. They are tangible and real matters. The enjoyment of human rights cannot be detached from the country's history and culture, religious traditions, or social political background. China welcomes the Iranian government's efforts in recent years to safeguard human rights, especially the rights of women, children, minority groups, and refugees and migrants. We urge the international community to seriously respect the sovereignty of Iran and treat the human rights situation in Iran in an objective and impartial manner. Currently, the region is experiencing persistent instability. The USA has intensified its UCMs. and launched a new round of military attacks in the country. The exchange of attacks between the USA and Iran have caused serious harm and losses to the people of Iran and other countries. The spillover continues to expand, undermining the common interests of the international community. China urges countries concerned to immediately lift all UCMs, cherish peace, resolve differences through dialogue, and effectively protect the Iranian people's rights to subsistence and development. Thank you, Mr. President.

Thank you. The distinguished representative of Zimbabwe has the floor.

Vice President, Zimbabwe is worried by the continued politicization of the Human Rights Council and the use of double standards. We reaffirm our unwavering commitment to the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, including respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, and political independence of states, and the fundamental principle of noninterference in the internal affairs of all countries. Iran has made, has remained steadfast in its commitment to effectively address the social and economic needs of its citizens and in safeguarding the human rights of its people. through continued cooperation with the Human Rights Commission and other human rights mechanisms. The continuation of the fact-finding mission without the consent of the Government of Iran is not only costly but counterproductive in terms of encouraging and supporting the country to effectively meet its human rights obligations. We urge the Council to pursue a path of constructive dialogue and cooperation with the Government of Iran. I thank you.

Thank you. Give the floor to the Distinguished Representative of Iraq.

Vice President, Iraq reaffirms that peace, security, development and human rights are the fundamental pillars upon which the United Nations system is based. Collective security and prosperity also. This dialogue is taking place during particularly difficult circumstances because of the war and its consequences on Iraq and the region. We are majorly concerned by the conflicts which continue, whereas our country is strongly impacted by security and economic and humanitarian repercussions, which has limited the exploitation of our resources, in particular oil. And our economy depends on it directly because of the disruptions in the supply chain and shipping. We call to step up regional and international efforts for de-escalation because the escalation threatens peace and stability in the region and leads to serious humanitarian consequences. We would stress the importance of respecting IHL and international law by guaranteeing the protection of civilians, vital infrastructure, and by guaranteeing the fluidity of supplies, energy security, shipping, and international trade. By way of conclusion, we reaffirm that the work of the Human Rights Council must be based on the objectives of the United Nations Charter, the International Declaration of Human Rights, And dialogue is the basis allowing us to resolve crises peacefully. Thank you.

Thank you. That was the last speaker that wished to take the floor at this stage. And we will now move to the list of NGOs and NHRIs. The Council will begin this segment, and we will hear a statement via video from the Association of Iranian Short-Statute Adults.

President, the human rights situation in Iran must be assessed in its sequence and context. In June 2025, the 12-day war caused civilian harm, displacement, and economic disruption. In September, the unlawful snapback of UN sanctions alongside continuing unilateral coercive measures further strained livelihood and access to essential services. By December and January, socio-economic and internal unrest emerged within this already fragile context. The second war launched against Iran on February 2026 was therefore the latest and most severe stage of a cumulative crisis. It caused further civilian casualties, displacement, and damage to homes, hospitals, schools, and essential infrastructure while deepening existing vulnerabilities. For Iranians, the lives lost during the December to January unrest were no less precious than those lost in either war. We therefore urge the fact-finding mission within the scope of its mandate to take this broader context into account, identify any material gaps in accountability. No victim should be excluded from international human rights scrutiny simply because the violation falls beyond the immediate scope of a particular investigation. Thank you.

I give the floor to the representative of Iran Human Rights Documentation Center.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. The Iranian government is executing Iranian citizens at a rapid pace. This year, the Iranian government has already executed more than 1,000 individuals. Many more have been sentenced to death. And unless the international community stops the Islamic Republic, they will be put to death too. Many of the individuals sentenced to death are protesters. Ali Zarei, who suffered an eye injury in 2022 protests, Omid Reza Heydari, a 19-year-old student, Ali Reza Sepahi and Shervin Bagherian, both young men from Isfahan, and Taraneh Rahimi, a 20-year-old woman also from Isfahan, are among individuals at imminent risk of execution. I urge you to do whatever is in your power to stop the Iranian government from carrying out these executions. These individuals have been denied their basic due process rights. The charges brought against them have never been proven in a fair trial, and they have been subjected to torture in order to make false confessions. In January, Iranian security forces killed thousands of peaceful protesters over two nights. The execution of political prisoners is the continuation of that massacre. I urge you to help the Iranian people and save the lives of innocent protesters. I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to Ensemble contre la peine de mort.

Thank you, Mr. President. ECPRM, Iran Human Rights, Human Rights Geneva, the Abdurrahman Brumast Center, and Impact Iran, SONG, FFMI for its continuous work. We are deeply concerned about the deteriorating human rights situation and the right to life in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Executions have continue to rise at an accelerating pace in 2026. Protesters have been sentenced to death, including women and children, who are at the imminent risk of execution. Iran remains the state with the highest number of execution per capita in the world. This disproportionately targets ethnic and religious minorities, including Baloch, Kurds, and Ahwazi Arabs. Death sentences are issued through unfair trials, relying on torture, tainted confessions, denial of counsel, hasty proceedings, and partial judges. Most capital charges fail to meet the most serious crimes threshold under international law, while a 2025 espionage law further fast-tracks death sentences for protesters. The UN consistently condemned these practices. In October 2025, the FFMI stated, "If exclusions form part of a widespread and systematic attack against the civilian population, then those responsible may be held accountable for crimes against humanity." We call on the international community to take concrete steps to prevent further human rights violations and urge the Iranian authorities to establish a more- Thank you.

I give the floor to Human Rights Research League.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. According to information established by the International Fact-Finding Mission on Iran, as demonstrations spread across the country, killings by security forces occurred on a staggering and unprecedented scale across all 31 provinces. Furthermore, while the Islamic Republic of Iran does not publish comprehensive public data on death sentences and executions, Even according to the government's own account, since the beginning of 2026, at least 58 individuals were executed on security-related charges. A large number of political prisoners executed in 2026 were members of the Mujahideen-e-Haq. Three Kurds and two Baloch men were also among those executed on political grounds. Tens of thousands of people, including children, have been arrested in connection with the countrywide uprising against the Islamic Republic in January 2026. In many cases, families were unable to establish the fate and whereabouts of the prisoners, which may indicate these arrests were a prelude to enforced disappearances. At the root of this intensifying crackdown lies the Islamic Republic's fear of its own people and their perseverance in the face of oppression. Given the evidence provided and documentation of abuses included in your report, what further measures does the fact-finding mission recommend this Council to take in the face of increasing oppression in Iran? I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to Baha'i International Community.

Mr. Vice President, For nearly five decades, the Iranian government has systematically dispossessed its own citizens and committed state-sponsored theft against the Baha'is. It has abused power and manipulated the law under its unchecked control to seize Baha'is' personal belongings, homes, and properties in the name of the state. In recent months, these actions have intensified. Iranian authorities have stormed Baha'i homes, climbed over walls, and arrested and beaten parents in front of their small children, often without warrants, charges, or explanation. They've taken everything from children's toys to musical instruments, furniture, and cars, even stripping jewelry from people's hands. This is nothing less than state-sponsored theft, indeed theft led by the state, in broad daylight. when a government enters your home and confiscates your personal possessions, it does not make theft lawful. To escalate these confiscations now, amid an already dire economic climate, is nothing short of an attempt to economically strangle the Baha'is in Iran. This theft is also committed through the blatant misuse of Article 49 of Iran's constitution, where authorities arbitrarily confiscate Baha'i homes and properties, transferring them to the state under the direct authority of Iran's Supreme Leader. fact-finding mission, what steps will you take to hold the Iranian authorities accountable and ensure that those who order, authorize, or carry out these acts of state-sponsored theft and other violations, including those at the highest levels of government, are held accountable?

Thank you.

We'll now hear a video from Article 19 International Centre Against Censorship.

Article 19 thanks the Fact-Finding Mission for their important report, which shows us how people in Iran are in a human rights crisis, caught between intensifying repression from their government and renewed conflict and insecurity owing to the war with the United States and Israel. The crisis shows no signs of relenting, with a rise in death penalty sentences and executions against individuals for their participation in protests earlier this year. Over 500 individuals have been executed since the start of the year. In August alone, there were 82 executions. In many cases, torture was reportedly used to elicit confessions, and individuals were not provided with access to legal counsel or their families. The use of execution forms part of broader gross human rights violations, which amount to crimes against humanity and efforts to silence dissent, including through arbitrary detention, torture, enforced disappearances, coerced confessions, and unfair trials. The Iranian government has further introduced the Countering Foreign Interference Bill, which would make it illegal for anyone to share information with foreign media organizations without prior government approval. The sharing of such information could lead to heightened charges, including espionage, which can lead to the death penalty or other severe sentencing. We call on states to continue to pressure Iran to immediately halt public executions, establish a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, and to ensure that all detainees are afforded due process guarantees, including access to legal counsel and protection from torture and ill treatment. States must also uphold justice and ensure that all allegations of violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law committed by all parties to the ongoing conflict are independently investigated and those responsible are held to account.

Thank you.

I give the floor.

To the Council here, another video from the Law Society.

Mr. President, the Law Society of England and Wales, Lawyers Rights Watch Canada, the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute, and Lawyers for Lawyers, thank the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on the Islamic Republic of Iran for its essential work. We are gravely concerned by the increasing persecution of lawyers in Iran this year. Dozens of lawyers have been detained, prosecuted, or convicted because of their professional duties. with many lawyers arrested without warrants, held in prolonged pre-trial and incommunicado detention, subjected to solitary confinement, ill treatment, and denial of medical care. Women lawyers face additional discrimination, while lawyers forced into exile and their families remain exposed to intimidation and retaliation. Dismantling independent legal defense removes a fundamental safeguard against coerced confessions, torture, unfair trials, and arbitrary execution. The prosecution of lawyers denies access to justice and leaves protesters, human rights defenders, and others targeted by the state without effective protection of their rights. We urge this council to demand the immediate release of all lawyers detained for their professional work, the quashing of related convictions and disbarment orders, and an end to reprisals against lawyers and their families. We further call on Council members to support the fact-finding mission in urgently investigating violations against lawyers and to insist that everyone deprived of liberty has confidential access to independent counsel of their own choosing from the moment of arrest. Thank you.

Give the.

Floor to Ingenieur du Monde.

Engineering of this year, I was shot by agents of the Islamic Republic while trying to help a wounded protester. Iranians had flooded the streets peacefully seeking freedom. They were met with bullets. From children to the elderly, everyone became a target. Tens of thousands were murdered. It was a crime against humanity. I am fortunate to have survived and escaped so that I can honor the memory of those That did not. The people of Iran are peace-loving. We have no hostility toward the people of the United States, Israel, or any other nation. The Islamic Republic's policy of war and hate does not represent us. The Iranian people demand fundamental change. Crown Prince Reza Pahlavi is the symbol of transition away from the Islamic Republic toward a very secular and democratic Iran.

Point of order from the Iranian delegation.

Go ahead, point of order.

Mr. Vice President, while we believe in constructive engagement with civil society organizations and value their input, we urge the Vice President to ensure that no speaker use provocative languages that could violate the principles of this council. The Human Rights Council should not be allowed to be misused by anyone. Tone, language, and content of speech by NGOs should be in accordance with UN standards.

Thank you.

Thank you. In the statement from the representative of the NGO, I did not hear any term that's contrary to the practice of the Council. So I would ask you to continue your statement from where you left off.

Go ahead.

I give the floor to Engineer.

Our message to the world is clear. Stand with the people of Iran against our Islamic Republic. Our upper cells are faced the judgment of history.

Thank.

You very much. I give the floor to Human Rights Watch.

Mr. Vice President, the day they killed her, it was as if they killed us all. These are the words of a relative of a young woman killed by security forces on January 8th for taking to the street to demand a brighter future. Over nine months have passed since her family pulled her body from a pile of body bags. Day and countless other victims of authorities' decade-long crimes continue to be denied justice. The atrocities of January have not ended. Mass arrests, torture, and unjust prosecutions continue. An average of one protester per week has been sent to the gallows since March. Scores of protesters remain at imminent risk of execution. And since the outbreak of conflict, people in Iran now face dual risks: further brutal bloodshed by their own government and harm, including possible war crimes, by Israel and the US. Iran's authorities have used the guise of national security to further eliminate dissent. So emboldened are officials that have explicitly threatened that security forces had their fingers on trigger, ready to shoot at anyone daring to protest. There currently are no prospects for justice inside Iran. The judiciary itself is a mechanism of repression. As such, we urge states to take action on the basis of the FFM recommendations on justice and accountability. Concrete action is urgently needed to protect people from atrocities and hold those responsible to account through criminal proceedings. We'd like to ask the FFM to elaborate on the immediate and medium-term steps that could be taken in this regard. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to a video from the Medical Support Association for Underprivileged Iranian Patients.

Mr. President, as an Iranian civil society organization, we believe the human rights situation in Iran cannot be assessed in isolation from the external pressures that have shaped it. During the January 2026 unrest, senior foreign officials openly encouraged protesters to continue demonstrations, seize institutions, and expect outside support. Such rhetoric, combined with unilateral coercive measures and reported efforts to arm opposition groups, risked aggravating instability and civilian suffering. A credible human rights assessment must examine not only domestic conduct, but also the role of external actors in intensifying the crisis. This is even more urgent in relation to the 40-day war that began on 28 January 2026. The UN reported thousands of civilian casualties, widespread damage to homes and schools, and repeated attacks affecting healthcare and essential infrastructure. The attack on the school in Minab, where more than 168 people and children were killed, demands particular scrutiny. We therefore urge the Fact-Finding Mission to treat the 2026 war as a central accountability issue. to examine the impact of external intervention on UCMs and to apply the same rigor to violations arising from foreign state actions. Thank you.

That was the last statement we could accommodate. I'll now give the floor back to the fact-finding mission. to give the final observations. You have 3 minutes 50.

I'll respond to those which, several of which were about accountability, impunity, and the protection of victims and their access to truth, justice, and protection. Our first recommendation is for the States to prioritize accountability measures in dealing with individuals on their territory who may be responsible for violations and crimes in Iran, as we've documented. Secondly, we would recommend that member states make full use of the legal tools that are already available. This would include opening investigations into crimes under international law committed in Iran with a view to prosecuting alleged perpetrators. This includes applying the principle of universal jurisdiction, as well as other bases of extraterritorial jurisdiction, for example, the nationality of the victim, where the latter is a national of the prosecuting state, or using existing legislation based on international humanitarian law and human rights treaties, such as the Convention Against Torture. We'd also recommend facilitating future prosecutions of alleged perpetrators by opening structural investigations into violations and crimes in Iran, as you've documented. This can also be an important way of preserving evidence. Third, we suggest exploring additional pathways. For example, states parties to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination could and should enter into negotiations with Iran with regard to its compliance with obligations under that convention. Accountability is really only possible where victims can safely exercise their rights and where civil society remains strong and active. We therefore recommend that states act to protect victims and survivors, providing protection, humanitarian pathways, opening their borders where necessary for those who are fleeing persecution, and also providing protection inside their borders, particularly for cases of transnational repression, through investigation and action against those responsible, and protection of victims and their families. Lastly and critically, we recommend that states continue supporting civil society. This is the only way to increase, and the need is for long-term, flexible and sustained support for Iranian civil society, particularly women-led organizations and minority organizations, because they're the ones documenting violations and representing survivors. We believe that it's important for the Human Rights Council to continue to examine these violations of international human rights law, as well as of international humanitarian law, for all of those who are victims of violations of either human rights law or humanitarian law in the situation prevailing in Iran today.

Thank you.

Thank you very much. That's the end of this interactive dialogue. I wish to thank Dr. Hossein for her participation in this dialogue and also her work for all members of the Council. We'll have a take a brief break now. before starting the interactive dialogue with the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine. Thank you.

Excellencies.

Distinguished participants and delegates, we shall now begin the interactive dialogue with the independent international commission of inquiry on Ukraine. The list of speakers will close in 15 minutes. It is my pleasure to welcome the distinguished members of the commission, the chair, Erik Moosa, and Madam Vrinda Grover. I give the floor to the chair of the commission of inquiry to present the report. You have the floor.

Distinguished President, Excellencies, Together with my colleague, Vindar Grover, I am presenting this oral update on the progress of the investigations of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine during its fifth mandate from 31 March to 26. Fourth and a half years since the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation, the armed conflict continues with devastating consequences. Over 17,000 civilians have been killed and almost 54,000 injured in Ukraine during this period, according to the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. Between January and September 2026, the escalation of attacks by the Russian Federation using long-range weapons in populating areas has led to 55% increase in civilian casualties compared to the same period in 2025. A growing number of attacks by Ukrainian armed forces on Russian territory and occupied areas has led to reported increase of civilian casualties and damage or destruction of civilian objects, according to Russian sources. However, lack of access has hindered investigations of these incidents. Civilian casualties from attacks by short-range drones near the front line have also risen. Russian media channels continue to post videos and texts that show that intentional targeting of civilians by drones and even brag about it. The Commission recalls that in its report from 225, it concluded that the Russian armed forces systematic attacks using short range drones along the right bank of the Dnipro River amounted to crimes against humanity and were committed with the purpose of spreading terror among the civilian population in violation of international humanitarian law. Further, with winter approaching, the Commission is worried about the adverse impact on living conditions of civilians due to the extensive damage or destruction damage or destruction of Ukraine energy-related installations caused by systematic waves of attacks by the Russian armed forces since October 2022. Being independent and impartial, the Commission continues its effort to investigate incidents and violations on both sides of the frontline. During this mandate, the Commission has so far focused on the impact on civilians of large-scale attacks targeting energy infrastructure, the patriotic and military education imposed on children, and the recruitment of foreigners to fight in the armed conflict. We extend our gratitude to all who have shared valuable information with us, including the Government of Ukraine, organizations and persons affected by the armed conflict. The Commission regrets that the Russian Federation did not respond to 41 communications addressed to it since 2022 with detailed questions concerning its investigations. Distinguished Presidents, Excellencies, During the harsh winter of 2025-2026, as temperatures plunged to minus 20 degrees Celsius, the Russian armed forces continued to launch waves of attacks targeting Ukraine's critical energy infrastructure. More power installations, transmission lines, heat supply facilities, and gas facilities have been damaged and destroyed. Millions of civilians suffered due to drastic electricity cuts, shortages, or total absence of heating for weeks. In interviews with the Commission, civilians described how the temperature in their apartments dropped to levels where many developed health problems, including psychological conditions. The Ukrainian authorities documented cold-related deaths and injuries. those who have the possibility, relocated during the coldest months. The Commission has also followed reports concerning attacks by Ukrainian armed forces on infrastructure in the Russian Federation and in the Russian-controlled area of Ukraine. Turning to the occupied areas of Ukraine, the Commission has investigated the imposition of Russian patriotic and military education on Ukrainian children. Since 2022, the Russian Federation has strengthened and systematically emphasized patriotic education in its own curriculum, which it has extended to the occupied areas. Classes and programs devoted to patriotic lectures about the Russian Federation have been added and made compulsory, including for children as young as three years in preschool. Ukrainian children in occupied areas are forced to enroll in schools which follow the Russian curriculum with teachings glorifying the Russian Federation. Non-compliance is met with threats and coercion. Modules on practical military training, teaching children to handle and use weapons and perform military drills, are part of the mandatory curriculum for children starting at age 14. State-sponsored Russian youth organizations that further reinforce patriotic indoctrination and specialized military training have increased their presence in occupied territories, including in schools. Teachers exert pressure on children to join those organizations. Exposure to patriotic and military training has a profound impact on children. Some find this system unbearable, choose to flee to territories under Ukrainian government control, often alone, and encounter considerable security risks and hardship. A third area of the Commission's ongoing investigations is the recruitment of foreign nationals to fight in the armed conflict. Some join both armed forces knowingly and voluntarily. many others were deceived or coerced into joining the Russian armed forces. The Commission has deepened its investigation into this second group. We note that several States, including members of this Council, have not yet responded to our questions. Foreign nationals from the origin countries in different continents have been lured into serving in the Russian armed forces through a network of agents and intermediaries. They were promised lucrative civilian jobs, provided with tickets and visas, and were met by agents at the Russian airports. Soon after arrival, they were compelled to sign contracts with the Russian Ministry of Defense. The vast majority did not understand Russian or the terms of these contracts and shortly found themselves serving on the front line in Ukraine. Some foreigners who were present in the Russian Federation, including persons serving prison sentences, were coerced by Russian authorities to join the armed forces fighting in Ukraine. Many among the recruits died shortly after reaching the front lines, went missing, were injured, or were captured by Ukrainian armed forces. The families are left with the agonizing task of searching for their loved ones from afar, often without much assistance. The recruiting agents usually block their calls. As the armed conflict continues, the Commission is concerned by the ongoing severe physical and psychological consequences, as well as of the impact of the destruction and the grave hardships imposed on the victims and their families. It reiterates the importance of judicial and non-judicial accountability, including multifaceted support to the victims. Thank you.

Thank you very much indeed, sir. In line with Council's practice, we shall start first of all by hearing the delegation of the countries concerned. I note that the Russian Federation is not in the room and therefore does not wish to take the floor as a concerned country. I will give the floor to the distinguished representative, the Ambassador of Ukraine, who is in the room, and you have five minutes.

Thank you, Mr. President. Ukraine highly values the vital work of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry and thanks it for its oral update and its continued efforts to fulfill its mandate. The Commission's investigations have consistently exposed a grim reality: Russia continues to commit grave violations of international law as part of its ongoing war of aggression against Ukraine. Behind every finding are people whose lives have been shattered, children separated from their families, civilians tortured in detention, prisoners of war subjected to abuse, and communities terrorized by relentless attacks. Russia's continued attacks on Ukraine's energy infrastructure threaten to trigger a humanitarian catastrophe this winter. Prolonged disruptions to electricity, heating, water, and sanitation services could leave millions facing life-threatening conditions, particularly children, older persons, and persons with disabilities particularly at risk. Yet, in the temporarily occupied territories, such a catastrophe is already unfolding. In Oleshky and surrounding communities of the Kherson region, Russia has effectively trapped civilians in life-threatening conditions, obstructing humanitarian access and evacuation while People face acute shortages in food, drinking water, and medicines. Basic services have collapsed, and civilians attempting to leave remain exposed to grave danger. As the occupying power, Russia bears clear obligations under international humanitarian law towards the civilian population. We urge the Commission to investigate the obstruction of humanitarian access and evacuation on temporary occupied territories, including in temporary occupied territories, including Oleshky, as well as attacks on essential infrastructure and their humanitarian consequences. The international community must act urgently to help protect essential services and prevent further suffering. Mr. President, one of the most shocking crimes documented by the Commission is the deportation and forcible transfer of Ukrainian children. In its March 2026 report, the Commission verified the deportation of transfer of 1,205 children and reported that approximately 80% had not been returned. The Commission established that these were not so-called evacuations, but organized transfers carried out pursuant to a policy conceived and executed at the highest level of the Russian state. It concluded that the deportation and forcible transfer of Ukrainian children constitutes war crimes and crimes against humanity. The militarization and indoctrination of Ukrainian children in the temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine compound these violations. They seek to erase Ukrainian identity, sever ties with Ukraine, and prepare children to serve the state occupying their homeland. Russia must provide full information about the whereabouts of deported children, allow unhindered access to them, and ensure their immediate and safe return. Mr. President, the Commission's previous findings also expose the systematic abuse of the Russian justice system as a tool of repression against Ukrainian civilians and prisoners of war. Confessions extracted through torture, fabricated evidence, and predetermined verdicts cannot constitute justice. Russia must respect the protected status of prisoners of war under international humanitarian law. It must release unlawfully detained Ukrainian civilians and ensure independent international access to all places of detention. The Commission has also documented Russia's predatory recruitment of foreign nationals, including through false promises of civilian employment and coercion into military service. These practices exploit vulnerability and show a profound disregard for human life. Mr. President, Ukraine continues to advance, together with its partners, the establishment of the special tribunal for the crime of aggression against Ukraine. Those responsible for launching and sustaining this war must face justice. Accountability for the crime of aggression must complement accountability for war crimes and crimes against humanity. We are also advancing the international compensation mechanism, including efforts to establish an international claims commission. Victims need both justice and reparation. The Commission's work remains essential to documenting violations and advancing accountability. We reaffirm our strong support for its mandate and look forward to its report to the General Assembly in October. Impunity emboldens perpetrators and enables further crimes. The Council must send a clear message: no victim will be forgotten, and no perpetrator should be beyond the reach of justice. I thank you.

Thank you. I now give the floor to the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights, and we will hear a video message from him.

Distinguished Chair of the Commission, Ladies and Gentlemen! The Commission's report confirms a painful truth: Russia's violations in Ukraine are not isolated acts, but part of a deliberate and systematic policy. No one pays a higher price for this policy than Ukrainian children. Since the beginning of Russia's aggression, 731 children have been killed, 2,785 injured, 2,381 remain missing, and 23 have survived conflict-related sexual violence. Russia's actions go far beyond unlawful transfer and deportation. Ukrainian children are abducted, given Russian documents and citizenship, placed in Russian families, exposed to propaganda, and deprived of their Ukrainian identity. Before the full-scale invasion, around 1.6 million Ukrainian children lived in the temporarily occupied territories. Russia claims it has transferred 744,000 children and calls this action so-called evacuation. However, evacuation must end with a child's safe return to their family or homeland. This policy extends far beyond children. Today, between 3.5 and 5 million Ukrainians remain under Russian occupation. They face restrictions on their fundamental rights every day. People are forced to accept Russian passports. Their homes are declared all ownerless and taken away. Young people are subjected to military training, while thousands are recruited into the Russian army. Ukraine's mission goes beyond defending our territory. We stand for every child, every family, human dignity, human rights. This is the future of Ukraine, of Europe, and of all those who believe in justice and accountability. I call on the international community to stand with Ukraine and to expand the international coalition for the return of Ukrainian children. Help identify the whereabouts of every Ukrainian child and ensure their safe return to Ukraine. Strengthen pressure on Russia to provide a complete list of all unlawfully deported and transferred Ukrainian children, in line with the Fourth Geneva Convention. Ensure full access for international monitoring missions to the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine and hold all those responsible accountable. Thank you.

Having heard this video, the list of speakers is now closed for our discussion. I invite interested delegations to ask questions and to make comments on the report. The speaking time is, as usual, one minute and 30 seconds for all. And firstly, I'd like to give the floor to the delegation of Iceland on behalf of a group of countries.

President, I have the honour to speak on behalf of the Nordic Baltic states. We thank the Commission for the oral update and for the continued documentation of the violations resulting from Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Russia's repeated and systematic attacks on Ukraine's energy and water infrastructure continue to worsen the humanitarian situation in Ukraine. Such attacks show Russia's blatant disregard for international human rights law and international humanitarian law. Civilian population and civilian infrastructure must be protected. Further, reports of Russia's practices in recruiting foreign nationals into armed forces are concerning, with many cases that may amount to human trafficking. We call on Russia to cease all abusive practices involving the military recruitment of foreign nationals. Lastly, We condemn in the strongest terms the imposition of patriotic and military education on children in the temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine. We continue to stand in solidarity with Ukraine and support all efforts to achieve a comprehensive, just, and lasting peace. I thank.

You.

I give the floor to the Danish Ambassador of the European Union.

Senhor Vice-Presidente, the European Union thanks the Commission of Inquiry for its update. 2025 was the deadliest year for civilians in Ukraine. And yet, according to the UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission, every month this year, the number of killed and injured civilians has increased. The EU condemns in the strongest possible terms Russia's illegal, unprovoked, and unjustified war of aggression against Ukraine. and Russia's continued violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law. We condemn Russia's recruitment of third-country citizens in its war against Ukraine, among others from Central and South Asia, Africa, and Latin America, including through coercion, deception, inducement, and other means that vitiate free and informed consent. We recall that the CUI has concluded that Russian authorities have committed crimes against humanity of torture and forced disappearances, murder and forcible transfers of population, as well as war crimes, including deliberate targeting of civilians. The U.S. firmly committed to ensuring full accountability for all international crimes and human rights violations and abuses stemming from Russia's war of aggression, including through investigations by the prosecutor of the ICC and for the rights of victims to be upheld. We deplore the intensification of systematic suppression of the Ukrainian identity. Could the Commission elaborate on the recruitment of foreign fighters by the Russian Federation? I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished Ambassador of Denmark, who will speak on behalf of a group of countries.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. I have the honour to deliver this statement on behalf of the Group of Friends of Accountability, who closely follow Russia's continued aggression against Ukraine. The Commission confronts us once more with objective evidence of Russia's blatant disregard for international human rights and human rights law and IHL. We remain deeply appalled by the magnitude and gravity of the reported violations and the humanitarian consequences, including Russia's large-scale attacks on civilian energy infrastructure. We call for the immediate and unconditional return of all transferred and deported Ukrainian children, and for their prompt reunification with their families or legal guardians. We reiterate our unwavering commitment to supporting efforts aimed at bringing perpetrators to justice, including the ICC. investigation. The enlarged partial agreement on the management committee for the special tribunal for the crime of aggression against Ukraine was adopted in May this year. We encourage all states to continue engaging with these accountability mechanisms. We will continue to work collectively to uphold accountability and to ensure a comprehensive, just and lasting peace for Ukraine in line with international law, including the UN Charter. Commission, how could the international community more effectively advance accountability for international crimes and violations committed in and against Ukraine? I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished Ambassador of Georgia.

For its oral update, which, once again, underscores the continued violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine. We would like to stress the significance of the Commission's work in investigating all systematic abuses committed in the context of the Russian Federation's aggression against Ukraine. In this vein, we remain deeply alarmed by the continued reports of torture and ill-treatment, detention, enforced disappearances, conflict-related sexual violence, summary executions, and other grave human rights violations. We stress the need for the continued attention of the international community to these violations. We remain firmly committed to the principle that internationally recognized borders must not be altered through the use or threat of force. Mr. Vice President, Georgia condemns the Russian Federation's unprovoked, full-scale, and illegal invasion of Ukraine, and reaffirms its unwavering support for the sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity of Ukraine with its internationally recognized borders and territorial waters. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished Ambassador of Portugal.

Portugal thanks the members of Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine for their oral update. The Commission's work remains crucial in documenting the systematic international human rights and humanitarian law violations perpetrated by the Russian Federation in its brutal and unjustified war of aggression against Ukraine. The update highlights the consequences of attacks on energy infrastructure, including the disruption of essential services, with consequences to the enjoyment of human rights. The information on Russia's recruitment of foreign nationals is equally alarming and underlines the need for prevention and cooperation. Additionally, Portugal is particularly concerned by the imposition of patriotic and military education on Ukrainian children by the Russian authorities. Education must never be instrumentalized to advance political or military objectives. Portugal remains firmly committed to ensuring accountability for international crimes and to bringing those responsible to justice. Portugal strongly reiterates its support for the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine, and therefore urges the Russian Federation to end the occupation and to fully comply with its obligations and the international law. Commissioners, could you elaborate on how the forced patriarchic indoctrination of children affects their future reintegration and what measures can be taken to mitigate those practices? I thank you.

Thank you. Give the floor to the distinguished ambassador of Czechia.

The Czech Republic thanks the Commission of Inquiry for its update and work. The Czech Republic also aligns itself with the EU statement. We strongly condemn Russia's relentless and escalating terror against Ukraine's civilian population and infrastructure. We thank the COI for its information about patriotic and military education for children in occupied territories of Ukraine. Russia also continues to systematically militarize and indoctrinate Ukrainian children. Among the key developments are a systematic campaign to recruit university students to the army, extension of ideological programs to preschool level, and intensification of extracurricular military activities. We strongly condemn the cynical Russian policy and call on the international community to act. Ukrainian children deserve a dignified future, not a future in which they are coerced into joining the Russian armed forces and fighting for the aggressor. Could the Commission look further into how individuals can be held accountable for the militarization and indoctrination of Ukrainian children, including by identifying and addressing existing accountability gaps? I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished Ambassador of Austria.

I thank you, Mr. Vice President. Austria is aligned with the EU statement and expresses its full support for the independent and impartial work of the International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine. We are gravely alarmed by reports of Russia's practice of misleading and coercing foreign nationals into fighting in its war of aggression against Ukraine by means of exploiting socio-economic vulnerabilities. These state-organized recruitments must be stopped and the operations of transnational networks investigated and prevented. Austria is equally concerned by numerous accounts of arbitrary detention of Ukrainian civilians that are deprived of their right to liberty without access to legal remedies or information. All civilians unlawfully being held in custody have to be released immediately and unconditionally. Austria condemns these grave violations of international human rights law and humanitarian law and reiterates that those responsible at all levels must be held accountable. Austria calls on the Russian Federation to cooperate fully with the Commission and reaffirms its support for the Commission's mandate to ensure continued documentation and accountability.

Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of France.

Thank you, Vice-President. France would like to thank you, sir, for your oral summary, which once again highlights the massive human rights violations committed by Russia in Ukraine for over four and a half years. France condemns all violations of international law and international humanitarian law in Ukraine. Russian strikes targeting residential areas and critical infrastructure have increased in number and in intensity in recent months, claiming several victims among civilians. These crimes, which are added to enforced disappearances, sexual violence, and deportation, including children, as we have just heard once again, are a deliberate desire on the part of the Russian authorities to break the resilience and unity of Ukrainian men and women. In the territories illegally annexed by Russia, children and young Ukrainians are subject to forced militarisation and indoctrination aiming to erase their cultural identity. Thousands of Ukrainian children, deported illegally and transferred forcibly, are in fact still in Russia. In light of these persistent human rights violations, France will pursue, together with its partners, its coordination efforts within the International Coalition for the Repatriation of Ukrainian Children. There will be no sustainable peace in Ukraine without justice. Russia's crimes must be documented so that there will be consequences and the perpetrators must not go unpunished. France recalled this in March last during the renewal of the mandate of the Commission of Inquiry. The work of this Commission of Inquiry is vital to combat impunity of these atrocities. France expresses its full solidarity with the people and Ukrainian authorities. It recalls its... Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of North Macedonia.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. North Macedonia thanks the Commission for its continued work to document violations of international human rights and humanitarian law as a result of the Russian Federation aggression against Ukraine and to advance accountability. We remain deeply concerned about attacks by the Russian Federation against critical energy infrastructure and their serious humanitarian consequences, particularly for civilians' access to electricity, water, and other essential services. We are also concerned by the reports of the recruitment of foreign nationals into armed forces involved in the conflict. We would appreciate the Commission's assessment of the implications of this practice under international humanitarian law and for individual accountability. Finally, we are alarmed by the reports confirming the imposition of patriotic and military education on children in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine. Children must be protected from indoctrination and militarization, and their rights and access to safe and quality education must be fully safeguarded. Could the Commission elaborate on its findings regarding these three issues and on the measures needed to ensure accountability and strengthen the protection of civilians and particularly children? I thank you.

Thank you. I call upon the distinguished representative of Poland.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Poland aligns itself with the EU statement. We commend the work of the Commission, express support for its mandate, and thank for today's update. Russia's aggression against Ukraine continues to have a devastating toll on Ukrainian population. Civilian suffering grows. In July alone, at least 437 civilians were killed and over 2,600 were injured. Poland, in strongest possible terms, condemns Russia's actions and escalation observed in recent weeks. Repeated Russian attacks against Ukraine's energy, port, and transport infrastructure, retail, food, and logistics continue to put people's life at risk. They deprive millions of electricity and heating and affect hospitals, schools, and civilian homes. On 13 September, a Russian drone attack occurred just two kilometers from Poland's border with Ukraine, targeting a petrol station and a freight train. It forced massive evacuation at two major border crossings. This escalation is an attempt to cut movement of people, goods, and delivery of humanitarian and military assistance. This violation of international law only reinforces our determination to support Ukraine. Full respect for human rights, sovereignty, and territorial integrity is needed to lay the foundations for a just and lasting peace. Accountability cannot be postponed until after the war. It must be part of our response to the war today. I thank you.

Thank you very much, Ambassador. That was the last speaker that we will be able to accommodate this afternoon, because I've been informed that there is a delegation that would like to exercise their right of reply. And I will give the floor to the Cuban Ambassador to exercise that right. You have three minutes.

Vice-President. The representative of UN Watch today made reference to Cuba, which our delegation rejects. It is customary to attack any victims of genocide in Gaza. No one will be surprised in this room that UN Watch is funded by the Zionist lobby, Israel, and unconditionally backs the crimes committed in the occupied Palestinian territories. This is shameful. their accomplices in the assassination of over 73,000 Palestinians. Although UN Watch might not like it, we will continue to support and defend the legitimate interests of the sisterly Palestinian people. It won't be a surprise to you that UN Watch applauds enthusiastically the criminal and illegal economic trade financial blockade of the US against Cuba. and that they celebrate as achievements the immense pain and suffering and anguish caused by the genocidal collective punishment policy against Cuban families. Repeatedly, UN Watch accuses and offends special rapporteurs, groups of experts of the Council, and any representative of the UN, which hampers their agenda, which is politically motivated. UN Watch It pretends to be a legitimate NGO, but it isn't. Its presence in this room is a disgrace for genuine and real NGOs who defend the noble cause of human rights. Thank you very much, Vice-President.

Thank you. I understand that there are no other delegations who would like to exercise the right of reply related to statements made today. And therefore, with that, we are reaching the conclusion of this afternoon's meeting. 00 a.m. to continue our interactive dialogue with the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine, followed by the oral update of the Group of Human Rights Experts on Nicaragua, and the general debate under item 4. I hereby close the 20th meeting of the 63rd session of the Human Rights Council.