37th Meeting - 63rd Session of Human Rights Council

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Excellencies, distinguished colleagues, I call to order the 37th meeting of the 63rd session of the Human Rights Council. We will now hold the interactive dialogue on the oral update from the High Commissioner on the human rights situation in Haiti, according to Council resolution 61/38. It is my honor to welcome Mr. Volker Turk, High Commissioner for Human Rights, and the independent human rights expert designated by the High Commissioner on Haiti, Mr. William O'Neil. The list of speakers will close in 15 minutes. And I give the floor to the High Commissioner for Human Rights. for his presentation. Go ahead.

Muchas gracias, Senor Vicepresidente, Excellencies, distinguished delegates. My heart goes out to the people of Haiti, often trapped between gang violence and heavy-handed responses. Despite some success in containing their activity in parts of the capital, Port-au-Prince, gangs continue to adapt and expand, reemerging in new areas and constantly rearming. Recent attacks in Kenscoff and Cressier and the growing gang presence in the Sud-Est department point to a strategy of seizing new territory and key transport routes, threatening stability across and beyond Haiti and leaving destruction in its wake. The first operations by the Gang Suppression Force, mandated by the UN Security Council, marked a long-awaited step towards greater security. But the Force remains far below the strength needed. This week's renewal of its mandate needs to be followed by full, accelerated deployment with firm human rights safeguards embedded. During the reporting period from 1 January to 11 September this year, my office documented at least 5,700 people killed or injured by gangs or during operations against them. Gangs have also kidnapped more than 230 people and raped over 1,000 women and girls, and the real figures are likely much higher. Law enforcement operations continue to raise serious concerns about the unnecessary and disproportionate use of force. Since the beginning of the year, more than half of all casualties occurred in the context of security operations, with hundreds of people struck by stray bullets and explosive drones. The number of summary executions carried out by specialized police units has fallen significantly by almost half compared with 2025. However, people allegedly associated with gangs continue to be summarily executed. In some areas, so-called self-defense groups killed or injured some 280 people so far this year.

Vice President, incessant violence have diverted resources that were needed for the protection of fundamental rights. Pillaging, looting, destruction of property paralyzes economic activity. The permanent dangers prevent populations reaching hospitals, schools, and key services. More than half of Haitians face acute food insecurity, 40 per cent do not have access to basic healthcare, almost 1.5 million people have been forcibly displaced and many others still live with their bags always ready. Last year, 40 to 50 per cent of gang members were children. Recruitment and utilisation of children by the gangs almost tripled. For many children in Haiti, joining a gang can be the only means of survival, but no child should be forced to choose between his own life and the security of his neighbors. Children are exploited, victims of trafficking and ill treated, while the mechanisms that are meant to prevent those practices and to reintegrate children into society remain insufficient. Prisons are overcrowded to the maximum, with inhumane and degrading conditions throughout the country. Prisons are operating at triple their usual capacity. At least 25 people have died in detention this year alone. Free Equal elections are the only legitimate means of restoring constitutional order. However, in view of all that I have just described, it is hard to imagine that the necessary conditions for the holding of credible elections this year could be met. Those responsible for human rights abuses and grave violations should not be authorised to run at the elections.

This chaos has deep, intertwined roots, fed by greed and impunity, both within Haiti and beyond. The only way to cut those roots is through a comprehensive approach that looks beyond security. First, on sanctions. A handful of powerful individuals are exploiting and perpetuating people's grievances and the weakness of state institutions to pursue their own interests. These forces are strategic and well resourced. Many gang leaders are subject to international sanctions. Those sanctions also need to cover all those pulling the strings behind criminal networks and benefiting from them. And they need to be matched by accountability on the ground to strengthen their practical impact. Second, on the arms embargo. To save lives and restore order, the continuous illicit flow of weapons and ammunition into Haiti must end. It is essential that the arms embargo imposed by the Security Council be fully respected and effectively implemented. States need to act urgently and decisively to crack down on arms trafficking and choke off these flows at their source. Third, on the diaspora. Nearly 5 billion US dollars in remittances flowed into Haiti last year, around one sixth of its GDP. These transfers are a lifeline for the country's economy and its people. Yet, we are seeing a crackdown on Haitians who have fled abroad. In 2026, more than 220,000 people including nearly 20,000 children, have been forcibly returned to Haiti from several countries in the region. Many of these people fled for their lives or those of their families. Sending them back puts those lives at risk once again, in violation of the principle of non-refoulement. Fourth, on protection. I urge all States to support the rapid, full deployment of the Gang Suppression Force with the equipment it needs and in full compliance with human rights. The government needs to ensure that all security operations by state or private actors are firmly grounded in international human rights law. My office has provided human rights training to members of specialized police units and the Gang Suppression Force, and we are ready to do more. The authorities also need to prioritize strengthening the rule of law and the justice system to end impunity and to decongest prisons. Ensuring humane conditions of detention is paramount, particularly as the Gang Suppression Force scales up its operations. Fifth, on accountability. Two specialized judicial units supported by my office and the UN Office on Drugs and Crime are intended to help investigate mass atrocities, sexual violence and complex financial crimes. I urge the authorities to make them fully operational and all states to extend their support. There is also a need for broader efforts to fight corruption, poverty and inequality. This is key to lasting stability and essential to prevent gangs from preying on children. There is much work to be done, and across all these areas, the Haitian government needs real, sustained and international support. Mr. Vice President, those who profit from the current state of disorder are determined to see Haiti fail. They seek to fray its social fabric and destroy the prospects of a stronger state. We cannot allow that to happen. We need all eyes on Haiti, and we must never lose sight of the fact that across the country, communities, Individuals are showing extraordinary courage, resilience, and dignity every day. Every morning, children leave homes without running water, dressed in immaculate, carefully ironed uniforms, and set out for school. We must help bring closer the day when hope, not fear, walks with them on the road. Thank you very much.

Thank you very much. I give the floor now to the independent expert, Mr. William O'Neil, for his presentation.

Distinguished delegates, it is the faces and voices of Haiti's children that I will never forget. During my visits to Haiti, I met with three boys between the ages of 12 and 16 who had been recruited by gangs. Their stories were remarkably similar, stories that can be multiplied by the thousands. One boy was a street child, surviving on the streets through begging and petty theft. One day, a man approached him and asked him if he wanted a hot meal every day. The boy said yes. The man then asked him whether he wanted to earn a little money. Again, he said yes. That was how he was recruited. He began as a lookout, watching for police vehicles. Later, he became a messenger for the gang. Eventually, he was arrested and ended up in prison alongside hundreds of others, boys, girls, women, and men, all crammed together in harsh and degrading conditions. When I asked him what he hoped for in life, he did not speak of gangs or violence. He said, "I would love to be a pilot and fly planes." I also met a young girl living in one of Haiti's shelters. A gang had raped her and killed her father. Yet, despite that trauma, she told us she wanted to become a child psychologist, inspired by the support she herself had received. La jeunesse haitienne merite une meilleure education.

Genus deserve a better future. Access to key services such as education and health must be extended. Corruption and impunity continue to weaken its most crucial sectors and erode the confidence of the public in the state institutions. Accountability is therefore not just a matter of justice, but a prerequisite for the creation of the opportunities that Haitian youth are crying out for.

Core, alongside broader efforts to expand social protection and economic opportunity, deserves serious consideration. Such an institution could bring together the government, civil society, the private sector, and the international community around a simple but transformative objective: giving Haiti's young people a stake in their country's future. This would provide young people in Haiti, including former gang members like the boys I met, victims of violence like the young girl, and those living in marginalized neighborhoods with vocational training, jobs, and a salary. As the High Commissioner just said, choices. Choices other than starving or joining a gang. Much work needs to be done. Young people could help plant trees and restore watersheds, clear drainage and irrigation canals, support agricultural production, improve public spaces, and contribute to reconstruction efforts in their communities. As their skills develop, they could move into more specialized areas, including construction, manufacturing, technology, and other sectors where Haiti's economy requires a new generation of trained workers.

But, above all, such initiatives will offer Haitian youth what has been denied them for too long, namely hope, a place in the future and a role to play in building their own country. The question for us is whether we are ready to contribute to the creation of tangible opportunities, not just development initiatives but investment peace and long-term stability.

President, the member states in this room, the United Nations system, but most of all, the Haitian government, Haiti's business community and civil society should come together around a common objective, giving Haiti's youth a chance. Investing in Haiti's youth is the surest way to break the cycle of violence and to move Haiti toward a better, safer, and more just future. Thank you.

Thank you very much. According to practice, we shall start by hearing from the delegation of the country concerned. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Haiti. You have five minutes.

Vice-President, High Commissioner, Independent Expert, Excellencies, Let me first of all thank the High Commissioner and the Independent Expert for their reports and for their unswerving commitment to human rights in Haiti. Their work highlights the gravity of the situation and recalls the urgent need for a response commensurate to the suffering of our people. Today, I want to begin not with a declaration, but with a question. What is the Haitian crisis really telling us? In July 2021, the president of the Republic of Haiti, Jovenel Moise, was assassinated in his own home in an operation of transnational dimensions involving several foreign nationals. Five years have come and gone. Today, the UN estimates that between 270,000 and 500,000 illegal weapons are circulating in our country. And yet a reality remains. Haiti manufactures neither firearms nor munitions. We do not know the exact number of illegal arms entering Haiti since 2021, but we do know the consequences. Since 2021, more than 23 lives have been taken and 6,800 people have been abducted. I do not claim that every weapon that enters Haiti corresponds to a life lost, but the fact remains that a weapon that enters Haiti has perforce come from somewhere. So who is controlling the other borders? President, the primary responsibility to protect the Haitian population lies with the Haitian state. We are not evading that. Haiti must restore authority of the state, bolster its police and justice, secure its borders, and combat impunity. Haiti must take its destiny in its own hands. But the networks that fuel this violence are transnational. We're not calling on any state to do in Haiti's place what Haiti needs to do itself. All we ask is that everyone at home do their small part of what they can do. Up to Haiti to control its borders and up to each state to control their own. It's a shared responsibility. In September 2025, the Security Council authorized a gang suppression force. of up to 5,550 personnel. We thank the members of the Council for renewing on 29 September the mandate of that force. This decision reaffirms a key commitment towards the security of the Haitian people. This commitment must now be fully implemented on the ground. Having collectively believed that the unit was necessary, why has that capacity not been fully deployed? For an international institution, delays are measured in weeks or months. For a population under fire, time is measured in lives. Those times teach us what we should have learned long ago: a crisis that we do not contain when it is local is harder to manage once it becomes regional and infinitely more costly when it becomes international. The UN itself has flagged up the risk posed by the expansion of criminal violence in Haiti for the sub-region. Our borders exist on paper, legally, but weapons, criminal networks, illicit financial flows, population displacement and instability don't always stop at those borders. That's why the situation of Haiti should not be viewed solely as a Haitian crisis. Vice-President, our appeal is therefore simple. First of all, let's nip the flow of weapons and munitions in the bud by bolstering oversight in countries of origin and transit and prosecuting traffickers and those who bankroll them. Second, let's give the anti-suppression force the equipment and financing they need to bring them to full operational capacity. Thirdly, let's invest sustainably in Haitian capacities, police, justice, customs and border control, because the goal of international assistance should not be to create dependence. it should be to make one day that assistance less necessary. Haiti isn't asking the world to carry its destiny for her. Our people have too much history, too much dignity, too much resilience to abandon that responsibility to others. Haiti asks for the means to fully assume its own destiny. We know what the problems are. We've adopted resolutions. What's lacking now is no longer diagnosis. What must come now is execution, implementation. So we ask when, on what date, will our commitments be translated into tangible action for the Haitian people? Let us establish a precise calendar with measurable commitments and clearly established responsibilities, because for the Haitian people, a promise can only protect if and when it becomes an action. Thank you.

Thank you to the distinguished representative of Haiti. The list of speakers is now closed. I now invite delegations to ask questions to presenters and to make comments on their statements. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Norway on behalf of a group of countries.

Thank you, Mr. Vice-President, High Commissioner, Mr. O'Neill. I have the honour to speak on behalf of the Nordic-Baltic countries. We thank the independent expert for his update. We remain deeply concerned by the dire human rights situation in Haiti. The brutality of armed gangs has contributed to one of the world's most severe internal displacement crisis. While over half of the population face acute food insecurity, sexual and gender-based violence remains a persistent concern. We are particularly concerned by the recruitment, exploitation and trafficking of children. Their protection must be an integral part of security and stabilization efforts, including child-sensitive disarmament, dismantlement and reintegration programmes. We note the progress in the preparation for elections and political transition. Sustainable progress will depend on improved security, accountability, the rule of law and respect for human rights. While efforts to improve security and restore state authority are necessary, all security operations must comply with international human rights law. Mr. Independent Expert, as security efforts continue and preparations for political transition move forward, how can the international community best support a human rights-centered approach that strengthens accountability and protects civilians, including children?

I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the EU.

High Commissioner, Independent Expert, Thank you for your briefings. The international community must help Haiti to put an end to the mass violations and abuses of the human rights of its population. Those who are most exposed are women and girls who have been victims of undescribable sexual violence and children who have been abducted and recruited by criminal gangs. need to restore rule of law and democratic governance. The EU expresses its grave concern at the human rights situation in Haiti, marked by the persistence of alarming levels of gang violence, which has extended beyond the capital. We support the national Haitian police the completion of the deployment of the gang suppression force with a more robust mandate, as well as the customs administration in its fight against weapons and drug trafficking. The EU calls on Haitian political actors to shoulder their responsibilities in the transition process. The political future of Haiti must be defined democratically in a sovereign fashion and must be self-owned. Commissioner, your work is crucial in documenting violations and supporting Haiti in implementing the necessary reforms. How can OHCHR and the gang suppression force better cooperate to bolster the rule of law in Haiti and create the necessary conditions for the holding of free, equitable elections? Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Bahamas on behalf of CARICOM. Bahamas, you have the floor. We'll move to the next speaker in that case. I give the floor to the Dominican Republic.

Thank you, Vice-President. We are grateful to the High Commissioner and Mr. O'Neill for their updates. We reiterate the profound concern of the Dominican Republic at the deterioration of human rights in Haiti, a country with which we share the island. As we have heard, the growing gang violence has provoked displacement, restricts essential services and exposes women and children to grave abuses, including sexual violence, trafficking and forced recruitment. As the Secretary General said after his visit to Haiti, the rule of law, security, humanitarian response and development should move together with Haitian leadership and with an effective international community. We call for the gang suppression force and the Haitian National Police to be strengthened to apply effectively the arms embargo and dismantle networks that fuel impunity and violence. Security is crucial for free, inclusive, credible elections scheduled for the 13th of December 2026. Therefore, it is necessary to guarantee the continued support of the UN Integrated Office in Haiti. The Dominican Republic will continue to contribute from its own capacities, but this crisis cannot fall disproportionately on the countries of the region. We call for international commitments to be translated into concrete, verifiable actions. Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Brazil.

Thank you, Vice-President. Vice-President, Brazil is profoundly concerned by the unsustainable levels of violence in Haiti. This deterioration gravely compromises human rights and the humanitarian situation in the country. as illustrated by the attack in Khanskof in August, we're particularly alarmed by systematic attacks against civilian populations, especially against women and girls, as well as by attacks targeting infrastructure and humanitarian operations. Brazil reiterates the urgent need to bolster the protection of the population independent investigations into human rights violations are essential to establish responsibilities and to combat impunity. Brazil also reaffirms the need for a political process led by the Haitians themselves with a view to organizing free, equitable elections, as well as sustainable socio-economic initiatives to address the root causes of the crisis. High Commissioner, What specific measures should be stepped up to ensure that international initiatives in Haiti can improve public order while at the same time guaranteeing strict respect for human rights?

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Jamaica.

Thank you, Mr. Vice-President. Jamaica thanks the High Commissioner and the designated expert for their updates. The restoration of peace and security are essential for the enjoyment of human rights in Haiti. This remains a priority for Jamaica, as Haiti's security is inseparable from the security and stability of the wider Caribbean. Jamaica therefore supports the continued work of the UN Support Office in Haiti and welcomes extension of the mandate of the Gang Suppression Force. Jamaica continues to play a leadership role in this regard, including through a role in the Standing Group of Partners for the JSF and as one of the few troop-contributing countries. The efforts of the UN Support Office and the GSF are vital to restoring security, strengthening democratic institutions, and returning to constitutional governance. We therefore reiterate calls for more countries to contribute to the GSF, for the full deployment of the GSF's authorized personnel, and the provision of logistical resources to ensure its effectiveness. As a fellow sister island and neighbor, Jamaica remains committed to regional and multilateral efforts to restore peace, stability, and democratic governance in Haiti, and looks forward to the continued support of the international community to overcome the current crisis and create the conditions for security, free and credible elections, and lasting stability. Jamaica aligns with the statement to be delivered on behalf of CARICOM during this dialogue.

Thank you. Thank you. I now give the floor to Italy.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President.

As a party to the EU statement, Italy thanks the High Commissioner for his update. We remain deeply concerned by the ongoing.

Humanitarian and security crisis in Haiti, where gang-related violence continues to severely affect the enjoyment of human rights.

Especially for the most vulnerable.

Particularly alarmed by the increase of violations against women and children and by the recruitment by gangs.

Italy is firmly committed to safeguarding children's.

Rights, including in the context of crisis and armed conflict, under the belief that children and youth are actors of a positive change, long-lasting peace and sustainable development. Mr. High Commissioner, how can we ensure accountability for severe violations against children and keep child protection at the core of the international agenda in Haiti? I thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Gabon.

Vice President. The Gabonese delegation welcomes this interactive dialogue, and we thank the High Commissioner for the oral update. My country takes note of the persistent massive violations of human rights and the worsening of the security and humanitarian crisis in Haiti, which we see in food insecurity and massive displacements of the population. widespread gang violence. We are deeply concerned by sexual and gender-based violence instrumentalized by gangs, including forced recruitment of children in armed groups. We encourage programs of demobilization, reintegration, and psychosocial support for minors coming out of these gangs. We welcome the measures taken by Haiti to stem the security crisis. And in this context, we recommend that the international community continues to support Haiti in its efforts to restore security and stability, to allow elections to be held regularly that are free, and a return to constitutional order and the restoration of the state's authority. Thank you.

Gracias. Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Colombia.

Thank you very much, Vice President. Colombia is grateful for the reports presented to this Council and the work carried out with the Haitian authorities in strengthening the capacities of the national institutions in the field of human rights. The recent massacre at Kenscoff highlights once more the absolute disdain of the gangs for the human rights of the Haitian population. It is the most recent and most painful manifestation of the magnitude of the challenges that the country faces to protect the life and well-being of its citizens in a climate where assassination, abduction, recruitment of minors and sexual violence have become the go-to tools for the gangs. Colombia believes it's crucial to move towards a conclusion of this multidimensional crisis, towards democratic stabilization and consolidating rule of law in Haiti. In such a complex context, it's necessary to strengthen the struggle against corruption and transnational organized crime that's affecting the country. As a contribution to a comprehensive response, Colombia has put forward the implementation of its bilateral plan of work with Haiti, which provides for cooperation, action, trade, humanitarian assistance geared towards strengthening capacities in spheres such as food security, defense, training for work, in addition to addressing the structural causes of the crisis. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Spain.

Thank you, Vice-President. Spain is co-sponsor of the EU statement, and we are grateful to the High Commissioner and the independent expert both for their work as well as for their briefings. Like them, we are profoundly moved by the brutality and deterioration of the security situation in Haiti. A number of speakers have already referred to the massacre at the church in Kenscoff, which we firmly condemn, as well as all acts of violence carried out by armed groups, child recruitment and the systematic use of sexual violence as a weapon of intimidation of civilians. Spain reiterates that the work of the GSF and of the UN Support Office requires predictable, sustainable financing. We stress that any operation on the ground should take place and strictly comply with international law and have transparent accountability mechanisms. We urge the Haitian authorities to accelerate preparations of the electoral process in conditions of security for the population, guaranteeing participation of women and protection of human rights defenders and journalists. combating impunity and corruption through effective judicial reform continue to be paramount in order to restore rule of law. Mr. Independent expert, from the perspective of your mandate, what would be the most pressing priorities for technical assistance that the international community should finance so that the Haitian authorities can try with guarantees the crimes committed by the gangs and effectively protect victims? Thank you.

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Austria.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Austria aligns itself with the EU statement and thanks the High Commissioner and the Human Rights Expert for their oral update. Austria welcomes the renewal of the Gang Suppression Forces mandate by the UN Security Council this Tuesday and hopes that the present deficits in the financing for strength and equipment of the GSF will now be better addressed. Austria is deeply alarmed by the scale of human suffering unfolding in Haiti and is particularly troubled by the targeting of children. The UN verified 2,088 grave violations against children in 2025 alone, and children may now account for more than half of all gang members, recruited, exploited, and instrumentalized by armed actors. Reports of children being held in detention for years without ever appearing before a judge are unacceptable and must end immediately. The lack of accountability for sexual and gender-based violence, mass killings, and forced displacement of over 1.5 million people is deeply concerning. Austria calls for the full and independent investigation of grave violations, the prosecution of perpetrators, and unimpeded humanitarian access. Security operations, including by the GSF, must be conducted in strict compliance with international human rights and humanitarian law, with robust independent monitoring. For human rights to prosper, the rule of law must be effectively defended. Therefore, Austria believes that with the help of an enhanced and strengthened GSF, the Haitian authorities will be enabled to restore the rule of law and thus effectively protect human rights. To the independent expert, what concrete measures do you consider most critical to ensure accountability for grave violations against children guarantee he did not check.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Chile.

Thank you very much, Vice-President. Chile is grateful to the High Commissioner and the independent expert for their briefings. We reiterate the importance of continuing to strengthen the Haitian institutions, a key element to promote and protect human rights. The progress made in the justice system or transition towards elections should be accelerated given the worsening humanitarian situation. We regret that gangs and organized crime continue to be active with impunity, affecting the enjoyment of human rights. We condemn in particular the use of sexual violence and GBV as a means of intimidating and punishing the population. We're also troubled, like others, the grave violations and abuses of human rights against children, victims not just of recruitment by gangs but also as perceptible objectives of security operations. in their capacity as past even just as passers-by as the Secretary General noted in his report on children and armed conflict we continue to be watched with grave attention of the role of private security companies any or operations should be carried out in line with international human rights law we are troubled by the failure to finance humanitarian actions, which hasn't been translated fully for all UN agencies on the ground. We also call on the international community to continue support to Haiti, promoting a coordinated response that helps strengthen its institutions. Thank you.

I give the floor.

To the distinguished representative of Sierra Leone.

Muchas gracias. Senora Vice Presidenta. Salon welcomes the updates on Haiti, commends the work of the independent experts, and stresses the importance of continued technical assistance and capacity building to strengthen the institutions and promote human rights in Haiti. Persistent and violence, displacement, food insecurity, and weakened public institutions continue to undermine the enjoyment of human rights, particularly among women, children, and other vulnerable groups. We reiterate our support for a Haitian-led and own process aimed at restoring security, strengthening democratic governance, and promoting sustainable development. We emphasize that efforts to address the crisis must be firmly rooted in the promotion and protection of human rights, the rule of law, and accountability. To this end, we welcome the extension of the mandates of the United Nations Gang Suppression Force. In our view, sustained international support is essential in helping Haiti to restore public security and create the conditions necessary for peace, stability, and development. As part of our commitment to international peace and security, we will be among the upcoming troops contributing countries to the mission. In December 2026 and March 2027, we will deploy a total of 320 military personnel, including 160 special forces and a border control company of 160, who are ready to support the Asian government and people in their effort to restore peace, stability, and security throughout the country. And I thank you, Vice President.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Morocco.

Vice President, the Kingdom of Morocco thanks the High Commissioner for the presentations. Despite the attention paid by this Council for some years, the situation in Haiti remains of deep concern. The control by armed groups deprive women and children of school, care and recourse, provoking displacements of people across the country. My delegation insists on three priorities. First, the authorized security forces by the United Nations should shore up the national police force of Haiti in fully respecting human rights. Second, consolidating institutions requires credible elections, sticking to the timeline announced. Third, technical assistance should come with effective funding for the humanitarian response. Morocco reaffirms its solidarity with the people Haiti and our support to the efforts of the authorities. High Commissioner, how can we move forward with the protection of human rights in areas where the State has not yet restored its presence? I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Mexico.

Thank you, Vice-President. Mexico is grateful to the High Commissioner for his update and reiterates its solidarity with the people and government of Haiti. We condemn the violence perpetrated by gangs and armed groups, which continues to provoke displacement violations of the rights of the population and restrictions on access to key services. We stress the urgent need to strengthen rule of law and the capacities of the institutions responsible for security and protection of human rights. International efforts should respond to priorities defined by Haiti with full respect for its sovereignty and leadership. In that spirit, Currently, 114 members of the Haitian armed forces are receiving training in Mexico through a capacity-building program geared at institutional strengthening and consolidating a sustainable peace with full respect for human rights. Since 2018, more than 1,000 Haitian servicemen have been trained and, moreover, have received-- we have given Haiti support in the electoral field and in social integration. We reiterate the importance of maintaining international support to address the structural causes of the crisis and strengthen the resilience of the Haitian institutions. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of France.

Thank you, Vice-President.

Mr. Independent Expert, the situation in Haiti remains of deep concern. Civilians continue to be the first victims of violence by gangs. Forced disappearances, murders committed in the thousands by armed groups are intolerable and must immediately stop. In particular, and you have given us striking examples just now, women and children are subjected to serious violations of their rights. Women and girls are victims of systemic sexual violence, human trafficking, and recruitment children continues to deprive thousands of young Haitians of their childhood. Massive violations of human rights are compromising the stability of the country in the coming years. Independent experts. France condemns in the most strict terms the violations of the rights of the most vulnerable. They require neutralizing the threat of gangs for the country and for the security of all the people of Haiti. Renewing the mandate of the GSF is one of the priorities of the French presidency of the Security Council in September. The actions of this force is is essential to restore security in the country, a prerequisite for new elections. France remains mobilised, bringing humanitarian assistance to the civilian population affected by the violence, and assistance to the Haitian authorities to develop the country. Thank you.

I thank you and give the floor to the distinguished representative of Malta.

Thank you, Vice-President.

Malta aligns itself with the statement of the European Union and thanks the High Commissioner and the human rights expert for their update. Malta remains gravely concerned by the human rights and humanitarian situation in Haiti. Widespread gang violence continues to expose civilians to killings, abductions, sexual and gender-based violence, and other serious abuses, while undermining access to essential services and the rule of law. We remain particularly alarmed by the impact of the security crisis on children, including their recruitment, trafficking, and exploitation by gangs. Malta reiterates that children must be protected from all grave violations and those responsible must be held accountable. In this regard, we welcome progress made establishing specialized judicial units to address mass crimes, including sexual violence, corruption, and financial crimes, and those intended to strengthen accountability mechanisms and improve access to justice for victims. All efforts should be undertaken in accordance with international law, including international human rights law. We reiterate our solidarity with the Haitian people and our support for the United Nations and wider international efforts to restore security, strengthen the rule of law, and create the conditions necessary for Haiti's recovery and long-term stability.

I thank you, Mr. Vice President.

I thank you and give the floor to the distinguished representative of Kenya. Kenya is absent. I give the floor to the senior representative of UNICEF.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Only days after the new school year began in 19 September, at least five students were abducted while on their way to class. These incidents are part of a deeply concerning pattern of increased abductions, leaving families with the impossible choice between safety and their children's education. The continued surge in abductions observed throughout 2025 and 2026 compounds an already dire situation characterized by widespread recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming affecting both boys and girls, and sexual violence that disproportionately affect girls. These protection risks and violations are translating into disrupted access to healthcare, safe water, and nutritious food for children and their communities. In June 2026, more than half of the analyzed population in Haiti faced crisis levels of food insecurity, while almost 2 million people faced emergency levels of food insecurity. UNICEF calls on Haitian authorities to end and prevent grave violations against children and to comply with their obligations under international law. Further, we call on the Haitian authorities, with support from donors, to ensure that all children, including those displaced, have safe access to essential services and to urgently expand the prevention and treatment of child malnutrition. Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Germany.

Thank you, Vice-President.

Germany aligns itself with the EU statement and thanks the High Commissioner and the expert for their updates. Haiti continues to be in the chokehold of gang violence. The reports of killings and kidnappings, like the massacre in Kenscoff in August, are deeply worrying. Criminal groups employ violence, human trafficking, rape, and sexual exploitation to exert dominance over the population. More than 5.4 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance. We reaffirm our support for the people of Haiti and a Haitian-led democratic solution to the ongoing political and security crisis. We encourage the Haitian authorities to continue on the path towards peace and security and free and fair elections. We call on the authorities to ensure that all security force operations fully comply with the international human rights law. Germany welcomes the extension of the mandate of the Gang Suppression Force and the UN Support Office in Haiti. We are the second largest donor to the GSF Trust Fund and support the work of the OHCHR in Haiti. Mr. Independent Expert, which additional measures should the international community take to prevent and counter organized crime which is responsible for severe human rights violations in Haiti? Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Chad, Daingla Sala.

Not in the room. I give the floor, therefore, to the distinguished representative of Peru.

Give, Vice President, we're grateful to the High Commissioner and independent expert for their presentations. Peru expresses its profound concern at gang violence that continues to affect the civilian population, leading to displacement, restricting access to basic services, and hampering the necessary conditions for the exercise of political rights and for the holding of elections. After a decade without presidential elections, we are troubled that it has not been possible to hold the ballot in August. Peru urged the electoral process to go ahead and the adoption of a calendar that allows us to move towards free, inclusive and transparent elections, which are fundamental for restoring constitutional order. and strengthening the democratic institutionality. We recognize Haiti's efforts and those of the international community in recovering, bringing space back under control, back from the gangs and restoring the presence of the state. In that regard, Peru reaffirms its support for the UN mission in deploying the gang suppression force to bolster security capacities in Haiti. The Haiti crisis has implications in the region, therefore Peru reiterates its willingness to cooperate through international coordinated sustained international efforts as well as through regional and multilateral cooperation in support to Haiti. Thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Switzerland.

Vice President, Switzerland thanks the High Commissioner and the designated expert for the oral presentation. The security and human rights situation in Haiti remains of concern. Violence is indiscriminately affecting women, men, and children. Switzerland is working for victims of gender-based violence to benefit from psychological and medical assistance as they need in and in other regions of the country such as residents remain without any protection against the armed forces. It's urgent to shore up the national police forces and to support efforts to prevent violence, protecting children from recruitment. It is necessary, however, to go further. The work of the police, the and the Haitian justice system, as well as programs for reducing violence, disarmament and demobilization and reintegration, must be coherent and complementary. This requires close cooperation between all the national and international partners and stakeholders concerned. Switzerland stands ready to contribute to such a coordination. What concrete measures can be taken to guarantee the liberation and sustainable reintegration of children previously recruited by armed groups?

I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom.

The UK remains deeply concerned by the worsening human rights situation in Haiti. Recent reporting from the UN Integrated Office in Haiti points to a continued escalation in violence. Between April and June of this year, 1,408 people were killed and 656 injured. Women and children remain among the most vulnerable. In 2025, the BINUH recorded 796 victims of gang-related rape. The UN also verified 2,088 grave violations against children, including the recruitment of 892 children by armed groups. These figures demand urgent action on protection and accountability. Children associated with gangs must be treated as victims, not perpetrators. Effective disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration is essential. It must provide safe pathways out of gangs, psychosocial support, education and sustainable reintegration into communities, while those responsible for grave violations must be held accountable. The UK is supporting this work with $7.5 million to the human rights compliance mechanism for the gang suppression force, which will be delivered by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights.

Mr. O'Neill, what concrete steps can the government of Haiti

take to resource and implement DDR nationwide and deliver the safe release and reintegration of children associated with armed groups?

Thank you. Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the DRC.

Vice President, the DRC thanks the High Commissioner for the oral update. My delegation remains deeply concerned by the spread of gang violence, forced displacements and serious violations of human rights. We strongly condemn. the murders, sexual violence and recruitment of children into armed groups. The DRC recalls that the response to this crisis must respect the sovereignty and political independence of Haiti. Sustainable solutions must be appropriate and conducted at the national level. We thus welcome the adoption of resolution 2814, renewing the mandate of the BINUH, as well as resolution 2793, establishing the gang suppression force. However, security responses are not the operations against these gangs must come together with shoring up the justice system, the national police, and fighting corruption and impunity. My country remains convinced that the sustainable solution to the Haitian crisis requires an integrated approach with inclusive political dialogue, restoring state authority, the protection of human rights, justice, the fight against impunity, disarmament and reintegration, the protection of civilian population, and socio-economic development. Thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Russian Federation.

Vice-President, the social and political situation in Haiti remains very serious, and it is worsened by the long-term and total lack of control over the criminal world. And this is a result of centuries of colonial policies by the West, which has used this country for political engineering experiments. the imposition of so-called solutions on the people of Haiti is not just ineffective but undermines the prospects of normal functioning for Haiti state institutions. This is clearly visible in the example of the lack of positive results of the international presence in the country. Peacekeeping forces and the MSS in Haiti have not helped resolve the crime situation. There's no significant results from changing the to the GSF. Crime groups continue to regularly kill large numbers of civilians to intimidate them or punish them for disobedience. All of this is a result of the lack of learning from mistakes. We consider that the country needs state political stabilization, restoration of the institutes of power, And this is critical. On the 13th of December, we'll have presidential elections, which are critical, and we will carefully be following the preparations for those elections. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Cuba.

Thank you, Vice President. The world has a huge historic debt to Haiti. This country was the first in our hemisphere to defend its independence, abolish slavery and carry out a social revolution of transformative effects for humanity. Haiti is still paying today for the consequences of that rebellion. This country has been dispossessed of its resources for centuries through foreign interventions. The international community has a moral duty to provide more and better technical co-operation to that nation, without any strings attached and fully respecting its sovereignty. The only effective way to promote human rights in all countries, including in Haiti, is through dialogue and constructive cooperation. Technical assistance and capacity building that OHCHR carries out in Haiti should always be based on priorities established by the country itself. We reiterate our support for the kindred Republic of Haiti. Cuba will continue to offer its support, as it has done on a continuous basis since 1998, in different areas, especially in the field of healthcare. Thank you very much, Vice-President.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Egypt.

Thank you, Vice-President.

We welcome the High Commissioner and thank him for the oral update, which we followed with great interest.

We extend our appreciation to the efforts to build capacities and build institutions in Haiti. We encourage the government to continue building capacities and to continue cooperation with the human rights mechanisms

to the benefits of the human rights of its people.

We underscore providing support for these efforts.

We shine a light on the importance of supporting capacity building and technical cooperation mechanisms in various countries as key to supporting national efforts to improve human rights.

It is also a key instrument for the Council to change the reality on the ground. We underscore that this should be conducted in line with countries' requests and in line with their needs and priorities.

Thank you, Vice President. Muchas gracias.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of China.

Mr. Vice President, China follows closely the situation in Haiti, expresses concern about its humanitarian situation, and extends sympathy to the people for their suffering.

China is of the view

that the top priority for the moment is for the ruling party and opposition parties to prioritize the interests of the nation and the people, address political differences through dialogue and consultation, putting an end to all forms of violence, and restore domestic stability without delay. China supports Human Rights Council's efforts to promote and protect human rights in Haiti China has consistently participated in relevant multilateral consultations in a constructive attitude. And in Security Council deliberations on relevant resolutions, we have demonstrated great goodwill. China is ready to join the international community with its constructive efforts to restore stability in the country. Thank you.

Thank you, Mr.

Vice to speak on behalf of CARICOM states in Geneva. We thank the High Commissioner and expert for their updates. Haiti is our neighbor and part of our Caribbean family. We will never become accustomed to the suffering of its people. Families have been driven from their homes with nearly 1.5 million internally displaced. Children face violence, including sexual violence and recruitment by gangs, and too many Haitians struggle to find food, attend school, or obtain medical care. Their safety and dignity must remain priority in our response. As CARICOM heads reaffirmed in July this year, we stand with Haiti in its efforts to restore security and return to constitutional governance. The Council for Foreign Ministers has also stressed that Haitian authorities and stakeholders must remain at the center of every decision concerning their country's future. We also reiterate their call for the full deployment and adequate resourcing of the gang suppression force in close partnership with the Haitian National Police, recognizing that Haiti's security is inseparable from the security and stability of the wider Caribbean. In this regard, we welcome the recent extension of the mandate of the GSF by the Security Council. The CARICOM Eminent Persons Group will also continue to serve as a vital bridge between the Haitian government and a broad range of political and civil society stakeholders. We urge international partners to scale up flexible and predictable funding for Haiti. Vice President, we will always stand with Haiti as the country seeks to chart a path to safety, dignity, and the peaceful future it deserves. I thank you.

Thank you very much. This was the last speaker on my list. We shall now turn to the list of speakers for national human rights institutions and non-governmental organizations. I give the floor to Center for Global Non-Killing.

Dear Young Leaders, Senior Vice President, Mr. High Commissioner. Mr. Independent Expert to the population, diasporas, and authorities of Haiti, to your delegation, everyone, everywhere.

There is a French version of this statement on the extranet.

It's the International Day of Nonviolence, Mahatma Gandhi's birthday. What would the Mahatma say today to the bandit or to the peace-enforcing officer? In my Swiss local state, Vaud, the Constitution states, quote, In all its activities, the State shall see that justice and peace prevail. It supports prevention of conflicts." Justice comes before peace. If force is needed to restore peace, justice and force must be fair and as gentle as possible to be peaceful and to prevent further conflicts. Haiti needs a new constitution, including a new nonviolent flag, a refoundation made by the people for the people. Meanwhile, If the bandit, gang member, and the peace-enforcing officer can understand their common purpose, life in peace and dignity, then dialogue and laying down the guns may be possible. For this to happen, both the peacemakers and the population need this foundation, nonviolence. Gandhiji said that nonviolence is more violent than violence. It forces a change of mentality. It also enacts peace-prone and participative infrastructures. standing up and doing it. Muchas gracias, Senor Vice President.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. I give the floor to Catholic International Education Office.

President, in Haiti, It is no longer just the institutions that are faltering; it is the very right to live, learn and hope that is gravely threatened today. Schools are attacked, looted, closed or transformed into shelters. Teachers are threatened. There is forced displacement, sexual violence, abduction, recruitment and exploitation of children. Education has become one of the primary victims of the crisis. During the 2024-25 school year, according to UNICEF, More than 1,600 schools were reported closed, affecting more than 240,000 pupils and thousands of teachers. For Haitian children, the right to education is no longer effectively guaranteed. It's becoming an unattainable privilege, shattering the hopes of many children. The OIEC, present in 110 countries, serving 68 million children, calls on the Haitian state to make the protection of children, teachers, and schools a top national priority. We also call on the international community to provide sustained support for education in Haiti and to ensure that schools once again become protected, accessible and safe spaces. Education cannot be sacrificed to violence. Protecting schools means protecting children. Protecting children means protecting Haiti's future. The time for worry is over. The time for action very much remains. Thank you.

Thank you.

I give the floor to.

Dear Chair, we thank the High Commissioner for the oral update on Haiti, where women and girls continue to suffer sexual violence at the hands of armed gangs. We are alarmed by the proposal to deploy Solomon military and police personnel under the Gang Suppression Force. Haitian women and girls have already been harmed by Sri Lankan peacekeepers. The UN OIOS documented sexual exploitation and abuse by Sri Lankan contingents in Haiti between 2004 and 2007. This risk is compounded by Sri Lanka's domestic record. OHCHR investigations, including the 2026 report on conflict-related sexual violence, document rape used as a weapon of war against Tamil women by security forces. No meaningful prosecutions followed, and the joint vetting mechanism between the Human Rights Commission of Sri Lanka and OHCHR collapsed in 2024. Deploying such personnel violates the human rights due diligence policy and Security Council resolution 2272 we therefore we ask first to the high Commissioner what vetting guarantees will exclude personnel from forces credibly accused of sexual violence second to the expert how can survivors in Haiti access independent complaint and redress mechanism against foreign forces thank you.

Thank you I give the floor to The Salvation Army.

Mr. Vice President, The Salvation Army thanks the High Commissioner and the independent expert for the oral updates on Haiti.

The Salvation Army has worked in Haiti for more than 75 years, providing humanitarian relief, health and education services, and community programs. From these frontline presence, we continue to witness the devastating impact of armed violence on communities, particularly women and children.

Nearly 1.5 million people are now.

Displaced, many living in overcrowded sites with limited access to basic services and heightened risks of gender-based violence, exploitation, and child recruitment.

At the same time, sexual violence remains widespread, while survivors face serious barriers to healthcare, protection, and justice.

Children are also bearing the consequences.

Schools have closed, access to healthcare and essential services has deteriorated, and children associated with armed groups remain at risk of further.

Harm and stigma. We therefore urge strengthened humanitarian access, coordinated survivor-centered services, greater protection for displaced women and children, and accountability for serious human rights violations. High Commissioner, independent experts, given the scale and complexity of the crisis, what concrete steps can the international community take to ensure that humanitarian and human rights responses remain adequately?

Resourced and reach those most vulnerable, particularly women and children.

Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to Edmund Rice International Limited.

Haiti is experiencing an unprecedented human rights and humanitarian crisis. Thousands have been killed, injured, or kidnapped, while more than 1.5 million people have been displaced. Armed gangs control significant areas of Port-au-Prince and continue to expand their influence.

While the state has undertaken security operations, civilians remain at risk, including reported deaths from drone strikes.

The UN has verified thousands of grave violations.

Against children, and they continue to face recruitment into gangs, sexual exploitation, forced labor, and exposure to violence. Gang violence has also disrupted education, with schools damaged or closed and hundreds of thousands of children affected. Sexual and gender-based violence is being systematically used to intimidate and control communities.

Women and girls are disproportionately affected, with thousands of cases of rape and sexual assault reported.

Edmond Rice International calls on Haiti and its partners to restore the rule of law.

And strengthen judicial and governmental institutions.

To support a Haitian-led democratic transition and free and fair elections, to strengthen coordination between Haitian authorities and regional partners.

And to prevent the flow of weapons and financial assistance to armed groups.

Security operations must comply with international human rights law, and Haiti must prioritize child protection, education, and comprehensive.

Services for survivors of sexual and gender-based violence. Thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor for a joint statement to Youth in Technology and Arts Network. Absent, I give the floor to Interfaith International.

Thank you, Vice President. Interfaith International supports the work of the independent expert and welcomes the extension of his mandate to help Haiti emerge from this drastic situation. However, our organization remains concerned about the continued violence perpetrated by gangs and the weakening of state institutions. The streets of Port-au-Prince remain plagued by crime. We believe that only strengthening and consolidating The State will help guarantee socio-economic development and a return to constitutional order. For our organization, a lasting solution to the Haitian crisis will result from consultation among all the different national political actors. Thus, the efforts of the international community must contribute to strengthening the capacities of national actors, institutions, and especially the judicial system. as well as training of security forces and prison administrative staff. Haitians now need protection to live in security and peace. Moreover, our organization firmly condemns the action taken by the US administration to end the temporary protected status granted to Haitians. The adoption of this measure by the US foreshadows an increase in the security and humanitarian crisis. Interfaith International calls for full implementation of the sanctions regime and arms embargo to cut off gangs access to weapons and ammunition. Moreover, our organisation urges the authorities to

thank you, says the Vice President. I give the floor to Rado.

Thank you, Vice President. Rado, thanks, like Commissioner, for his oral update and supports efforts to help towards the country's recovery. We welcome the adoption of resolution 2829 of the Security Council to extend the mandate of the GSF. We call for full deployment of the GSF to protect civilians and establish a mechanism to ensure respect for human rights. The situation in Haiti remains chaotic. According to the UN Integrated Office, at least 1,642 people were killed between January and March 2026, at least 1,408 others between April and June. close to 800 victims from sexual violence linked to gangs were documented in one quarter alone. Children have been killed, wounded by explosive drones. More than a million people displaced within the country. With the approach of elections in December, RADO calls on the Haitian authorities to protect civilians, carry out investigations into all violations, including those committed by security forces, and to guarantee organization of secure, inclusive elections. We urge States to respect principle of non-refoulement and suspend expulsions towards Haiti, and we call the international community to pursue financing, fight humanitarian aid, and to ensure the arms embargo is respected. Mr. Expert, what specific measures do you recommend to protect women and children from gang violence ahead of the elections? Thank you.

Muchas gracias. Thank you. That was the last speaker on my list. I give the floor now to Mathias Penke, OHCHR Regional Director of the Americas Division for concluding remarks. You have six minutes.

Thank you, first of all, to all delegations for your comments and questions.

I will address the questions related to the Gang Suppression Force and the work of the Office, and will leave other questions to Mr. Ranil.

The Security Council resolution authorizing the Gang Suppression Force.

Requires a robust compliance framework to prevent, investigate, address, and publicly report on human rights violations and abuses linked to its operations, including sexual exploitation and abuse. The UN Human Rights Office, through BNU's Human Rights Service, and with the support of some member states, provides technical assistance to the Gang Suppression Force to translate these requirements into practical safeguards. This includes training on human rights and the use of force, developing a comprehensive normative framework, monitoring and reporting on human rights violations, and supporting accountability. OHCHR also provides advice on the development of policies, training curricula, human rights due diligence policy implementation and integration of human rights standards in deployment arrangements. Responsibility for ensuring compliance with international human rights standards ultimately rests with the Gang Suppression Force and the member states contributing personnel to the force. OHCHR's technical assistance does not replace the responsibilities. It supports for the human rights compliance mechanisms complements its independent monitoring and reporting of the human rights impact of GSF operations. The primary responsibility for screening personnel rests with the troop contributing state. With regard to the question of Sri Lanka, since the establishment of a UN compliant national screening mechanism remains pending, The United Nations has put in place an exceptional and time-bound screening arrangement, which has enabled deployment while identifying and excluding a number of nominees presenting human rights concerns. These temporary arrangements do not replace the need for credible independent national mechanisms, and the UN continues to engage with the government on the establishment of a credible mechanism. Resolution 2272 reflects the UN's zero-tolerance approach to sexual exploitation and abuse, and underscores the responsibility of troop-contributing countries to prevent, investigate, and ensure accountability for such conduct. That is why credible pre-deployment screening is so important. Personnel against whom there is credible information of involvement in serious violations, including sexual violence, should not be deployed. Thank you.

I'll give the floor now to Mr. O'Neill.

Yes. Thank you very much for the questions. I noted there's several themes that jumped out across several of the questions, particularly those posed, I noted, from Norway and the EU and the UK and some others. accountability for the violence and crimes committed by the gangs, and protection and reinsertion, ideally, of youth who have been recruited or forced to join the gangs. So to respond to those two issues, let me start out with the first part. The accountability question is absolutely vital. And this, I think, our best option for now are the two new poles judiciaires that have been mentioned several times in the course of this morning. We have the pole judiciaire on mass violence and one on financial crimes. So there is a need for support. People ask what steps can be taken, what support should be given. Those two new judicial entities, which are Haitian, not international, need help in terms of expertise and resources. on the integration or reintegration of children. There is also a need for centers that are safe, that will provide psychological and social counseling, education, and support to these children who have been recruited. As someone said, they are as much victims or are victims, not so much perpetrators. There's only one center so far that's built out in the south near Lake Caye. It can hold about 300 children. It's not yet ready for opening, but it should be soon. But Haiti will need probably four to five more centers like that at least because the estimate of young people in gangs, no one really knows for sure, but I think safe to assume 5,000 to 6,000. So those children will need all kinds of support on the issue. And there's also a handover protocol that the United Nations and the government of Haiti has signed, which sets out certain steps to take custody of children that have been liberated or freed or captured from the gangs. And that protocol also needs to be enforced and observed. And again, resources will be needed. The other point I'd like to make is on detention. The prisons are usually overcrowded. I know it's not always popular, but there's a need for more space, especially if the gang suppression force is successful and can arrest gang members, especially the adults, they're not children, who are responsible for grave violations. Right now, there is no place that meets the minimal human rights standards in Haiti, any prison in the whole country. So that's also a crying need if we're going to have accountability and due process also. And lastly, Another question was directed to me about complaints about the GSF. In addition to what Matthias just said, there is a complaint process where civilians, Haitians, can file complaints about the performance or behavior of the Gang Suppression Force. This has been explained through non-governmental organizations and the Haitian press. It could always use more publicity, but there is a mechanism there in case something that shouldn't happen does happen. I see my time's elapsed. Thank you very much, Vice President.

Thank you. That concludes this interactive dialogue. I'd like to thank the High Commissioner, Mr. O'Neill, and Mr. Beng for their participation. We'll take a short break before holding the interactive dialogue with the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Cambodia. Excellencies, distinguished colleagues, we will now hold the interactive dialogue with the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Cambodia. Let me welcome the new mandate holder, Mr. Thomas Andrews. The list of speakers will close in 15 minutes. And I give the floor to Mr. Andrews to present the report.

Thank you very much. Thank you very much, Mr. President. It is an honor to address this Human Rights Council as UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Cambodia. I would like to begin by thanking the Royal Government of Cambodia for its cooperation including with my mission in July, which I had the opportunity to meet with the Prime Minister, Senate President, and officials from several ministries. Conversations with these officials were respectful, constructive, and illuminating. I also had the opportunity to meet with opposition political figures, human rights defenders, environmental activists, representatives of civil society organizations, journalists, and humanitarian workers, among many others. They described a very difficult and challenging environment, and how the government has used judicial and administrative processes to target activists, civil society organizations, labor unions, and independent media. They told me that authorities have arbitrarily applied laws to curtail work on human rights, on the environment, and on other important issues. They said that fear of criminalization and reprisal has led to widespread self-censorship in Cambodia. To the government's credit, I was given unfettered access to the country, including prisons. There, I found overcrowded conditions and met with detainees who had been convicted of exercising their rights to freedom of expression, association, or assembly. Some of them had been placed in maximum security cell blocks. There are more than two inmates per square meter of floor space in some of these prisons. I expressed my grave concern to the government And they responded by telling me that these convictions were consistent with Cambodian law, yet penal code provisions, including those used to imprison many of those with whom I met, are in fact incompatible with international human rights law. I learned that defendants have frequently been convicted despite no evidence being presented in relation to key elements of their alleged crimes. I have begun to examine cases of alleged arbitrary arrest and detention in Cambodia and believe that there are likely more than 100 individuals who have been unjustly detained for their exercise of fundamental freedoms. Credible reports indicate that the number of people detained on these grounds has roughly tripled since the beginning of 2024. This should be of concern to all of the members of this Human Rights Council. I also learned on my mission, however, about the significant progress that Cambodia has made in improving the everyday lives of its citizens. This progress is highlighted by sharp reductions in poverty and child mortality, and significant improvements in life expectancy, educational enrollment, and access to electricity, water, and sanitation. These are notable achievements. But Cambodia also faces significant economic challenges, from the need for greater foreign direct investment to the crushing debt faced by growing numbers of families who have fallen victim to predatory micro-lending schemes and to the economic impact of the border conflict between Cambodia and Thailand. During my mission, I traveled to areas impacted by that conflict, which has affected the human rights of civilian populations on both sides of the border. Approximately 650,000 Cambodians and 400,000 Thai people were reportedly displaced by fighting at the height of the conflict, According to figures provided by each of the governments, more than 18,000 Cambodian civilians remain displaced. Robust trade that enhanced the economies of both sides of the border have shut down, impacting untold numbers of businesses, workers, and families. The importance of resolving the border conflict swiftly and peacefully cannot be overstated. Affected communities need to be able to return to their homes, enjoy a stable and secure environment, and resume livelihoods that have been disrupted by the conflict. Mr. President, from a human rights vantage point, there are two Cambodias. The first is the Cambodia that has repeatedly affirmed its commitments to human rights and the rule of law, ratified eight of nine core human rights treaties, supported 84% of recommendations during the most recent universal periodic review, and has been willing to engage with special procedures, including me, even when that engagement is challenging. The second is the Cambodia that is restricting freedom of expression and civic space, arbitrarily applying repressive laws to crush political opponents, and detaining scores of human rights defenders, political activists, and journalists, while stripping the political rights of others. The stakes over the choices that Cambodia will make moving forward are high, particularly as it prepares to hold commune elections next year and national elections in the year that follows. Free, Fair and credible elections will be impossible if political leaders remain behind bars or are sidelined by restrictions on their political rights, or when electoral laws and administrative procedures disqualify viable candidates and bar popular opposition parties from competing. Mr. President, the international community can play an important role in making progress possible. In recent months and years, foreign governments have stepped forward to engage with the government of Cambodia with respect to cyber scam networks that have laid deep roots in the country and were defrauding people all around the world. As I note in my report, until recently, Cambodian government officials routinely dismissed or downplayed reports describing the cyber scams industry's grip on Cambodia. But last year, the government launched a crackdown that has significantly disrupted cyber scam operations. Now, there is little doubt that cyber scam operations persist in different forms in Cambodia, and there are significant shortcomings with respect to accountability and the treatment of human trafficking victims. But the shift from denial to action demonstrates the importance of international engagement and that it can make a tangible difference. I submit to you that this can also be the case with respect to other human rights issues identified in my report, including the detention of human rights defenders, journalists, and political activists who are suffering in maximum security wings of overcrowded prisons. Mr. President, the hope for Cambodia resides in its people and the leaders and organizations that are committed to building a future in which human rights are respected. I was grateful for the opportunity to meet with many of them. They must be able to do their important work without fear of arbitrary arrest or undue restrictions on their human rights. I urge Cambodian officials, who have been open and respectful to me, to set a course that advances human rights and justice for every Cambodian, and ensures that the people of Cambodia can choose their future in free and fair elections. And I urge every member state represented in this Human Rights Council to not lose sight of Cambodia, and the critical human rights issues that are impacting its people. We know that your engagement can make a tangible difference. As I issue my first report to this Council on the situation of human rights in Cambodia, I remain concerned, but I also remain hopeful. I look forward to maintaining a constructive relationship with the Government of Cambodia and with all who are working to promote human rights and the future that the Cambodian people deserve. Thank you.

Thank you. According to our practice, we shall start by hearing the delegation of the country concerned. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Cambodia. You have five minutes.

Thank you, Mr. President. Cambodia take note of the Special Rapporteur's report and appreciate the constructive engagement during his first official visit to Cambodia. reaffirm our commitment to open dialogue and continued cooperation with the mandate. For Cambodia, this dialogue must reflect the full human rights picture, both the challenges and the progress. We welcome that the report recognized Cambodia's achievements and constructive cooperation with the mandate, yet these positive developments should not be underrepresented. Cambodia appreciates the Special Rapporteur's attention to the urgent human rights consequences of the Cambodia-Thailand border conflict. At its highest in December 2025, approximately 650,000 Cambodians were internally displaced. Currently, more than 20,000 remain unable to return to their homes in Cambodian territory due to the continued presence of Thai armed force. The Special Rapporteur has identified particular obstacles preventing their return and the impacts on their livelihood education, health, and community life. Cambodia supports the Special Rapporteur's call for Thailand and Cambodia to facilitate the return of displaced civilians, stressing the right to return home under international law. Cambodia called for continued engagement and commitment in the full and good good faith implementation of the 27 December 2025 joint statement in its entirety particularly the safe and dignified return of affected civilian and resumption of their normal livelihood online scam is a transnational crime that extend beyond national borders and require Collective action to address Cambodia has intensified law enforcement, prosecution, financial investigation, and international cooperation, resulting in hundreds of scam locations dismantled, thousands of suspects detained and prosecuted, significant criminal assets frozen, and thousands of victims rescued. On 23 to 24 September, Cambodia hosted the International Conference on Combating Online Scam, which adopted the Phnom Penh Declaration, committing to disrupt transnational crime network, protect victims, and strengthen international cooperation based on mutual respect, sovereignty, and national law. On civic and political space, Cambodia reiterated that no one is prosecuted on the basis of political opinion, profession, or affiliation. Civil society continues to play an important role in Cambodia. Registration and licensing form part of the legal framework and should not be regarded as a restriction on civic space. On political participation, Cambodia remains committed to pluralism, inclusiveness and liberal multi-party democracy. Political participation also extends beyond elections through inter-party dialogue and consultation, allowing them to express their views on policy and social issues. Cambodia continues to strengthen protection and inclusion for women, children, persons with disabilities, LGBTQ+ persons, and indigenous communities. We are working on the issue of same-sex relations while advancing child protection. disability reform and indigenous communal land rights. Cambodia encourages an approach that prioritizes constructive engagement, technical assistance, and capacity building, and preserves space for dialogue, cooperation, and sustainable development. We stand ready to continue engaging with the Special Rapporteur in good faith to advance human rights protection and to address the urgent needs of communities affected by the border conflict in accordance with national law. I thank you, Mr. White, President.

The list of speakers will now be closed. I invite interested delegations to pose questions and to make their own comments on the report of the Special Rapporteur. The speaking time is one minute and 30 seconds for each speaker. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Finland on behalf of a group of countries.

Mr. Vice-President, I have the honour to speak on behalf of the Nordic-Baltic States. We warmly welcome the Special Rapporteur's first report to the Human Rights Council. We welcome Cambodia's engagement and continued cooperation with the international human rights mechanisms, including the OHCHR and the Special Rapporteur. An open and inclusive civic space is essential for democracy, sustainable development and the enjoyment of human rights. No one should be behind bars for exercising their human rights. We therefore call on Cambodia to ensure that all individuals can exercise their human rights and fundamental freedoms without fear of intimidation or reprisals, and that domestic legislation is fully consistent with international human rights obligations. As Cambodia prepares for future elections, we call on Cambodia to take steps to foster political pluralism, strengthen the rule of law, and enable meaningful participation of all members of society. Special Rapporteur, what concrete measures should Cambodia and its international partners prioritize over the next year to expand civic space and strengthen conditions for inclusive and meaningful political participation ahead of future elections? Thank you.

I thank you, and I give the floor to the representation of the European Union.

President, The EU thanks the Special Rapporteur for his first report. We welcome Cambodia's constructive engagement with international human rights mechanisms, including with the Sr. and OHCHR. We recommend other countries under similar mandates do the same. We encourage Cambodia to keep advancing the protection of the enjoyment of human rights of LGBTIQ+ persons and persons with disabilities, as well as progressing in gender equality. The EU remains concerned by the ongoing severe restrictions on civic and political space and the reports of arbitrary detention, judicial persecution, harassment and criminal proceedings against human rights defenders, journalists, trade unionists and opposition actors, as well as restrictions affecting independent media and freedom of expression. We also express our serious concern regarding recent legislative developments, such as amendments to the law on nationality and several laws, including penal code provisions, used to imprison opposition activists, human rights defenders and journalists. We call on Cambodia to protect the rights to freedom of expression, peaceful assembly and association, ensure fair trial guarantees and release those arbitrarily detained. I thank you.

Muchas gracias.

I thank you and give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Philippines on behalf of ASEAN.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. ASEAN takes note of the Special Rapporteur's report and commends the Government of Cambodia, a member of ASEAN, for its positive and constructive engagement. We emphasize the importance of balanced and constructive working methods which considers the perspectives of government and national circumstances. Reliable, verifiable sources and factual information are critical. The SR's mandate is to identify gaps and provide advice on the necessary technical assistance and capacity building, and we thank him for carrying out that mandate. While acknowledging the challenges it is facing, we recognize Cambodia's initiatives, efforts, and remarkable advancements in promoting various aspects of human rights, including through social protection, public health, education, water and sanitation, legal and judicial reform, and efforts to combat transnational crime. We further note the vibrancy and the large number of media outlets, civil society organizations, and trade unions in Cambodia. We welcome the efforts and commitments of Cambodia and Thailand to uphold and consolidate their ceasefire and reaffirm our support for the full and effective implementation in its entirety of the joint statement of the third special general border committee they signed on 27 December 2025.

Thank you, Mr. Baksay.

I thank you and give the floor to the distinguished representative of Thailand.

Mr. Vice President, Thailand takes note of the Special Rapporteur's report. The reference to cyber scam networks in Cambodia affecting victims around the world deserves international attention. Thailand is directly affected, with our country being used as a transit point for trafficking in persons for forced criminality. While the mandate of the Special Rapporteur concerns the human rights situation in Cambodia, the report makes reference to the Thailand-Cambodia border situation. In the spirit of cooperation, Thailand has engaged constructively with the Special Rapporteur by providing facts and perspectives to ensure a balanced context of the situation. This includes how armed hostilities began, the impact of indiscriminate attacks, and newly planted landmines. Regrettably, these have not been adequately reflected. The plight of affected and displaced civilians on both sides deserves equal concern, with each state responsible for the protection of its own people. On the remaining displaced Cambodians, some were, in fact, residing in areas that Thailand originally opened as temporary shelters in the 1970s. Their failure to return to Cambodia, despite our repeated protests, constitutes an encroachment on Thai territory. This historical content cannot be overlooked. On migrant workers who returned to Cambodia, evidence is clear that they did so following calls made by the Cambodian government. Thailand never had a policy to expel Cambodian migrant workers and continues to ensure their protection.

I thank you, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Burundi. Thank you, Vice-President. Burundi notes with satisfaction the progress achieved by the Kingdom of Cambodia in the protection and promotion of human rights, and particularly note the new stage in putting in place a national human rights institution in compliance with the Paris Principles. We commend the notable progress achieved in economic, social and cultural rights, notably through inclusive growth. shoring up the social protection system and commitments in favor of sustainable development, contributing to improving the general standard of living of the population. We appreciate the efforts in the areas of healthcare, education, water, and sanitation, as well as initiatives to increase access for vulnerable communities to basic services, land, tenure security. strengthening the civil registry and legal identity. To conclude, Burundi encourages the Kingdom of Cambodia to continue in this positive vein. And in the spirit of a constructive dialogue, we underscore the importance of technical cooperation built on local consent, demands, and respect for national priorities.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of New Zealand.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. New Zealand recognizes the importance of peace and stability, human rights, and regional and multilateral engagement to Cambodia's long-term prosperity. As part of our ongoing development partnership, we remain firmly committed to supporting Cambodia's goal of being mine-free by 2030. Our cooperation seeks to reduce the significant humanitarian impact of anti-personnel mines and reinforces New Zealand's support for the norms against these indiscriminate weapons. New Zealand welcomes Cambodia's cooperation with UN human rights mechanisms. We acknowledge its efforts to strengthen legal and institutional frameworks that support human rights, rule of law, judicial independence, and to address transnational, serious, and organised crime. New Zealand remains concerned, however, about restrictions on civic and political space, including limitations on freedoms of expression, association, and peaceful assembly, independent media, and political participation. An open, inclusive society where diverse voices are heard is essential for democratic governance, public trust, and social and economic progress. We encourage Cambodia to engage constructively with civil society, uphold its international human rights obligations, and ensure that all people can exercise their rights without fear of intimidation or reprisals. Mr. Vice President, what measures could support Cambodia to strengthen civic space, political participation, and democratic governance? Thank you.

I thank you and I give the floor to the Lao People's Democratic Republic.

Mr. White, President, my delegation thanks the Special Rapporteur for the report. The Lao PDR commends Cambodia's continued commitment to promoting and protecting human rights in the country. We also appreciate the progress made in protecting and to the vulnerable groups, including women, students, and as well as persons with disability through national efforts to combat violence, improve social protection, and enhance social inclusivity. My delegation welcomes Cambodia's constructive dialogue and effective cooperation with the United Nations human rights mechanism. In particular, we underscore the Cambodia's active engagement with the United Nations treaty bodies by ratifying eight out of the nine core international human rights treaties and the full compliance of reporting obligation by submitting its national initial report, the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in January 2026. The Lapia emphasized that the human rights agenda should be addressed through genuine dialogue and constructive cooperation, mutual respect and taking into account the national priorities and circumstances. I thank you.

Thank you. I now give the floor to the representative of UNICEF.

Mr. Vice President, UNICEF recognizes Cambodia's progress across health, education, social protection and child protection, yet significant implementation gaps remain. All children's rights are universal, indivisible, and interdependent, and every child should be able to thrive free from violence, abuse, exploitation, and harmful practices, and to exercise their rights to freedom of expression and peaceful assembly without fear of arbitrary arrest or detention.

UNICEF calls for reinforced child protection systems,

sustained investment, and a well-equipped workforce, particularly to address violence and exploitation, inclusive education, and child-sensitive justice. We encourage continued investment at the subnational level so children can access essential services wherever they live. UNICEF welcomes Cambodia's increasing use of evidence to inform policy, including through the forthcoming child rights budget analysis, which can help strengthen accountability for public spending on children and support the full realization of children's rights. UNICEF also calls for strengthened mental health and psychosocial support and action to address risks facing children online and offline. We welcome Cambodia's third nationally determined contribution and encourage its full implementation, alongside meaningful opportunities for children to participate in decisions affecting their lives. UNICEF further encourages consideration of the Optional Protocol to the CRC on a communications procedure, which reinforces children's ability to be heard and seek redress when their rights are violated. UNICEF remains committed to supporting the government in advancing implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, including through technical assistance to strengthen policies, systems, and services for children.

Thank you.

Thank you. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Vietnam.

Mr. Vice President, Vietnam aligns itself with the statement delivered on behalf of ASEAN. Vietnam thanks the Special Rapporteur for his report and welcomes Cambodia's continued efforts to advance socioeconomic development and promote and protect human rights. We acknowledge Cambodia's progress in expanding social protection and its efforts to improve living standards and enhance access to essential services, particularly for vulnerable groups. Vietnam also commends Cambodia's constructive cooperation with OHCHR and United Nations human rights mechanisms. Furthermore, we welcome Cambodia's efforts to strengthen its legal framework and enhance regional and international cooperation in combating online scams, human trafficking, and other forms of transnational organized crime, including through measures to enhance victim protection. Vietnam remains committed to strengthening cooperation with Cambodia and regional partners in addressing these challenges, Mr. Vice President. Vietnam believes that mutual respect and constructive dialogues are essential to advancing human rights. We are confident that continued engagement in this spirit will contribute to further progress in the promotion and protection of human rights in Cambodia. I thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Indonesia.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Indonesia aligns itself with the ASEAN statement. We take note of the SR's report and commend Cambodia's continued cooperation with the UN human rights mechanisms. We recognize Cambodia's commitment to ensure the rights of its people, including through poverty reduction, expanded social protection, and improved access to electricity, water, and sanitation. We also support Cambodia's continued efforts to advance its national development towards its scheduled graduation from LDC status in 2029. Despite the progress, we are deeply concerned that transnational crimes, including online scams, continue to confront countries across our region, including Cambodia. In this regard, Indonesia remains committed to combating these crimes and protecting the victims through stronger cooperation within ASEAN and beyond. Finally, we welcome the commitment of Cambodia and Thailand to cease fire and de-escalation, and further encourage continued efforts to address the situation along their border in a manner conducive to regional stability and the well-being of affected communities. We firmly believe that sustainable peace provides an essential foundation for countries in our region, including Cambodia, to protect human rights of our peoples. Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Japan.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President, Mr. Special Rapporteur.

We appreciate your report and continued engagement with this region. We appreciate Cambodia's constructive cooperation with the Special Rapporteur, including during his recent country visit. We welcome Cambodia's extensive efforts to enhance international cooperation to combat online scam operations and human trafficking. We strongly encourage further efforts in this regard. Japan acknowledges recent developments, including the release of Mr. Kim Sokha from house arrest following his royal pardon, and we will continue to closely monitor the situation. At the same time, we are concerned by the restrictions on the civic and political space described in the Special Rapporteur's report. Looking ahead to the upcoming commune elections in 2027 and the general election in 2028, we once again call on the Cambodian government to continue its efforts to expand political and civic space and to ensure the rights to freedom of expression, peaceful assembly, and association. Japan emphasizes the importance of constructive dialogue and cooperation, and we will continue to support Cambodia's own efforts to improve its human rights situation. With regard to the situation in the Cambodia-Thailand border area, Japan reiterates its call for the steady implementation of the ceasefire agreement, maximum restraint, and the peaceful resolution through dialogue toward the normalization of relations.

I thank you.

I thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Australia.

Thank you, Vice President.

Australia thanks the Special Rapporteur for his first report

and welcomes Cambodia's continued engagement with the Special Rapporteur and other human rights mechanisms.

Australia welcomes cooperation with Cambodia to advance healthcare, gender equality, education, and LGBTQIA+ and disability rights.

As Cambodia prepares for elections, Australia encourages broad political participation and an open environment in which political parties, civil society, trade unions, human rights defenders, environmental activists, and independent media can exercise their rights to freedom of expression, association, and peaceful assembly.

We welcome Cambodia's efforts to combat transnational crime, particularly online scam operations and human trafficking, including through

regional law enforcement cooperation.

We encourage sustained action to dismantle criminal networks and protect victims of trafficking and exploitation.

Australia recognizes the humanitarian impact of the Cambodia-Thailand border conflict and calls on both

countries to uphold ceasefire arrangements, enable the safe return of displaced civilians, and resolve differences peacefully

in accordance with international law.

Special Rapporteur, how can Cambodia and international partners work together to enable civil society to participate fully and meaningfully while strengthening protections for vulnerable communities in line with Cambodia's development priorities?

Thank you.

muchas gracias I thank you and give the floor to the distinguished representative of Saudi Arabia

thank you vice president my delegation takes note of the report presented by the special rapporteur on Cambodia we welcome the positive interaction with Cambodia and the High Commission of Human Rights we welcome the efforts deployed to protect and promote human rights, including by shoring up the social protection system, expanding possibilities for access to health care, education, the protection of children and categories of vulnerable members of the population, guaranteeing, thus, the enjoyment of human rights for all citizens. We reaffirm that it is important that genuine progress should be continued to ensure that human rights protections continue.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Sri Lanka.

Mr Vice-President,

Sri Lanka commends Cambodia for its proactive commitment towards protecting and promoting human rights, having ratified eight out of nine core international treaties and continued constructive engagement with the UN human rights mechanisms, including UPR and treaty bodies. Measures being taken by Cambodia to establish a national human rights institution in line with international standards are also noteworthy. We welcome Cambodia's continued socioeconomic progress and its people-centered efforts to improve living standards through inclusive growth, social protection, and sustainable development, particularly through the National Social Protection Policy Framework 2024-2035 and the expansion of the National Social Security Fund. We also note that in 2025, Cambodia has launched a digital social protection platform, integrating 10 national social assistance and social security programs. We urge the international community to engage in a constructive and genuine dialogue with Cambodia and to recognize and support the national processes towards fostering human rights and development in the country.

Thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Azerbaijan.

Mr. Vice President, we take note of the report of the Special Rapporteur for the current ID and the information provided by Cambodia as a concerned country. We would like to emphasize that all matters falling within the domestic jurisdiction of UN member states, including that of Cambodia, must be resolved through dialogue and cooperation based on respect for the rule of law, independence, and sovereignty of states.

We believe that OHCHR should favor constructive dialogue and cooperation with the Government of Cambodia and

provide it with necessary advisory services, technical and financial assistance as appropriate and with the consent of the Government

to support Cambodia's actions and programs in ensuring the protection of human rights in the country. I thank you.

Muchas gracias. Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Morocco.

Mr. Vice-President, My delegation thanks the Special Rapporteur for the presentation of his report. Morocco welcomes Cambodia's engagement with the UN human rights system, as well as its continued efforts to protect

and promote human rights.

rights. In particular, Morocco commends Cambodia's constructive engagement with the Special Rapporteur, as well as its cooperation with the country office of the OHCHR. We further commend Cambodia's initiatives to implement the recommendations arising from the Universal Periodic Review. We also wish to express our support to ongoing efforts to establish a national human rights institution, especially the consultations undertaken with various stakeholders to that end. While recalling the importance of the Paris Principles, we acknowledge that these efforts are important steps to strengthen the national human rights protection framework. My delegation also notes the policies undertaken to promote gender equality and women's empowerment. Finally, Morocco encourages Cambodia to continue strengthening the capacities of the Cambodian Human Rights Committee, more particularly in the fields of human rights education and capacity building. Thank you, Mr. President.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Belarus.

Vice-President, assessments of the situation in States by the UN human rights mechanisms should be impartial, objective and free from any politicisation. Belarus welcomes the efforts by Cambodia to work with the OHCHR and its legal mechanisms, the regional structures and also ASEAN to protect and promote human rights. We note the legal reforms undertaken in Cambodia and aimed at modernizing the country's legislation, as well as the phased preparations for local elections in 2027, which are being implemented in line with national legislation and international norms. We positively assess the launch of the digital platform for social protection and the effective protection of the rights of workers through direct contact between the government and unions. We note efforts to fight cybercrime in the country. targeted law was adopted in April 2026, liquidating around 600 scam centres, confirming the country's commitment to fight this threat. Belarus supports the efforts of Cambodia to render humanitarian assistance and social support to people who need it in the country. We call for the international community to render Cambodia the necessary technical and economic cooperation in this area. Thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President.

The UK thanks the Special Rapporteur for his report and welcomes his continued engagement with Cambodia.

We reaffirm our support for Cambodia's ambition to achieve a smooth transition from least developed country status in 2029 and remain committed to supporting Cambodia's ambition for sustainable and inclusive development. We recognize the progress Cambodia has made in education and poverty reduction. Furthermore, we welcome Cambodia's efforts to tackle scam centers and transnational organized crime networks operating across the region and encourage further progress. We hope to see a sustainable end to hostilities along the Cambodia-Thailand border and support efforts to uphold the ceasefire, rebuild trust, and address the humanitarian needs of affected communities. We share the Special Rapporteur's concerns about shrinking civic space and political space and the implication this may have for confidence in the forthcoming commune and national elections. We encourage the Cambodian government to engage constructively with the Special Rapporteur's recommendations and to promote an open and inclusive environment in which all voices can participate freely. We ask the Special Rapporteur what measures would most help create the conditions for free, inclusive and credible elections in Cambodia over the next two years. Thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Turkey.

Thank you, Mr. Vice-President. We have carefully listened to the statement by the Cambodian delegation and thank them for their comprehensive presentation. Turkey welcomes Cambodia's cooperation with the OHCHR and its positive and constructive engagement with human rights mechanisms. Cambodia's participation in core international human rights treaties reflects a strong commitment to further progress in key areas of human rights. We therefore commend Cambodia's sustained economic resilience and its tangible progress in poverty reduction and towards the Sustainable Development Goals, achieved despite global economic uncertainties. Further progress on access to health and education and on the empowerment of women will be paramount for the overall human rights environment in the country. Human rights agenda of a country is best addressed through dialogue in a spirit of non-confrontation, non-politization, and non-selectivity, with due regard to its national characteristics. We also welcome Cambodia's crackdown on scam centers and related cybercrime, and support its efforts to dismantle these networks while assisting the victims and ensuring their timely repatriation. Turkey will continue to support Cambodia in its endeavors. Thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the DPRK.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. My delegation commends the Government of Cambodia in its positive and constructive engagement with the human rights mechanisms for the promotion and protection of human rights.

We recognize Cambodia's efforts in advancing the rights of women, children, persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples, and other vulnerable groups.

We believe Cambodia's continued commitment, constructive dialogue, inclusivity, and the rule of law, as enshrined in its constitution

and the United Nations Charter, deserves acknowledgement and support.

I thank you, Mr. Vice President.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of France.

Thank you, President. I thank the special rapporteur for his first report. His role is essential in tracking the human rights situation on the ground. France commends the constructive commitment of Cambodia towards the international human rights protection mechanisms, especially with respect to the special rapporteur on OHCHR. We remain concerned by severe restrictions over civic and political space, though, especially on human rights and environmental defenders. The proper functioning of this space is paramount to effectively support Cambodia in its path towards development. France commends the partial pardon granted to Kem Sokha, a human rights defender and opposition figure, We urge the Cambodian authorities to continue those efforts. France recalls its commitment to rule of law and democratic pluralism throughout the world. France is committed to regional stability. It underlines the importance of full implementation of the ceasefire agreement of 27 December between Cambodia and Thailand. Continued political dialogue between Thailand and Cambodia is necessary to enable a peaceful, lasting resolution to the border dispute, respecting international law and their bilateral commitments. France is in contact with the two partners in full impartiality and supports ASEAN's mediation efforts to that end. Thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Ethiopia.

Thank you, Mr Vice-President. Ethiopia recognizes the importance of advancing human rights through cooperation, mutual respect, and constructive engagement. Ethiopia commends Cambodia's continued engagement with international human rights mechanisms, including its participation in all four cycles of the Universal Periodic Review, cooperation with treaty bodies, and its continued partnership with OHCHR. We also welcome reported progress in social protection, women's empowerment, children's rights, disability inclusion and judicial reforms. Ethiopia considers technical assistance and capacity building particularly valuable in supporting nationally owned efforts to strengthen institutions and implement human rights commitments. Such cooperation should respond to identified national priorities, respect national ownership, and contribute to sustainable institutional capacity. In closing, Ethiopia encourages Cambodia to continue its constructive engagement with OHCHR and other relevant mechanisms, and encourage the international community to support those efforts through practical cooperation and technical assistance. Thank you, Mr. Vice President.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Russian Federation.

Vice-President, we note Cambodia's efforts in the human rights sphere, including protecting the rights of the most vulnerable groups. Specialised state organs actively interact with international structures and mechanisms and also with local NGOs in implementing monitoring of the human rights situation in the country. Implementation of the National Plan of Action to Combat Human Trafficking 2024-2028 is continuing. Attention is given to issues of upholding the rights of citizens to land parcels, investigating cases of illegal logging, forced eviction from traditional lands, preventing domestic violence and assistance to victims. They are implementing social programmes for categories of the population in need, which has seen a significant drop in poverty in the country. We note steps by the government to combat cyber scamming. Significant work has been carried out to harmonise and update the specific normative legal basis, we believe that in the context of efforts taken to uphold citizens' rights and freedoms, complying by international commitments in the human rights sphere, that Cambodian authorities continue their work to fine-tune the system of public administration, justice, and combating corruption, and also maintaining political space, creating necessary conditions for the activities of political forces and the functioning of civil society institutions. Thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of India.

Mr. Vice President, we take note of the report presented by the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Cambodia. India is a long-standing development partner of Cambodia. Our development cooperation with Cambodia spans agriculture, health, women's empowerment, sanitation, environment, information technology, and capacity building. India will continue to stand with Cambodia as it pursues inclusive and sustainable development. We are of the view that technical assistance and capacity building work best when they strengthen national capacities and are provided in consultation with and with the consent of the country concerned. Such cooperation offers a practical way to improve human rights on the ground. We welcome the submission of Cambodia's initial report to the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities this year. We also appreciate the ongoing cooperation of the Government of Cambodia with OHCHR and its engagement with the UN human rights mechanisms, including the special procedures and treaty bodies. Thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Egypt.

Thank you, Vice-President. We welcome the dialogue with the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Cambodia. We took note of the update and the first report presented to the Council.

We encourage Cambodia to continue its cooperation with international human rights mechanisms in line with its priorities and to better serve its people.

We shine a light on providing necessary technical assistance so that all people can enjoy human rights.

We underscore the need to support

capacity building and technical cooperation mechanisms in countries around the world, because these build countries' capacities and ensure improvement of human rights, political, social, cultural, and social, as well as the right to development. This should be done on the basis of countries' request and in line with their national priorities and needs. to preserve the technical character of item 10 and its being a tool for constructive cooperation.

Thank you, Vice-President.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Cuba.

Vice-President, Cuba commends the commitment of Cambodia to human rights. We recognize the constructive cooperation with the human rights mechanisms, including with the treaty bodies and the Special Rapporteur and OHCHR. We would also highlight the positive cooperation of Cambodia with the ASEAN human rights mechanisms and their contribution to regional dialogue on human rights. We also applaud the active participation of Cambodia in the four UPR cycles. where it has accepted the majority of recommendations and moves forward in implementation. We underline the important socio-economic achievements in Cambodia and its efforts to improve the standard of living and quality of life of the population. Cuba shares the position of Cambodia in terms of promoting human rights through dialogue, cooperation and mutual respect, guided by objectivity, impartiality, non-selectivity and non-politicisation. We congratulate Cambodia for its meaningful efforts and tangible results when it comes to human rights. We wish the country every success in the future. Thank you, Vice-President.

Thank you. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Mr. Vice President, Iran commend the Government of Cambodia for its long-standing positive and constructive engagement with the international human rights system. Cambodia is a developing country that continue to face important development challenges and fundamental priorities that require sustained attention and international cooperation. In this context, we attach particular importance to the right to development, education, poverty reduction, employment, social and sustainable economic growth. These areas constitute essential foundation for improving living condition and creating an enabling environment for the effective realization of the full range of human rights. The Human Rights Council agenda item 10 should remain focused on supporting a state upon their cooperation and in accordance with their national priorities, any misuse of this platform for political political, prejudicial, politicization of human rights, or the presentation of unverified allegations are totally rejected. Iran, therefore, reiterate its support for constructive international cooperation with Cambodia and for approaches that place development, capacity building, dialogue, and the practical improvement of people's lives at the center of our collective efforts. Thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of China.

President, in recent years, Cambodia actively advanced national development, maintained political stability and promoted economic growth. It has made continuous progress in poverty reduction, social security, education, healthcare, environmental protection, and the steady improvement of people's lives. China welcomes and commends the efforts by Cambodia to protect human rights. We welcome the constructive engagement by the Cambodian government with the UN human rights mechanisms and sincerely hopes that human rights mechanisms can provide technical assistance based on the consent of the country concerned and the needs of the government and people. China will firmly support the Cambodian government in smooth government and the exploration of a path of human rights development compatible to its national circumstances and the needs of the people. Thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Vice President, Venezuela. congratulates the people of Cambodia and their authorities, while recognising the ongoing constructive co-operation that they have maintained with the human rights council mechanisms, including with the UPR, as well as with the treaty bodies and OHCHR. In that context, we appreciate the ongoing efforts to consolidate themes of special relevance to the country, based on their national realities, such as the rule of law, access to justice and strengthening and shoring up their institutions. We acknowledge progress reached in the sphere of economic, social and cultural rights through implementation of public policy geared towards promoting, protecting and enjoying human rights, including the right to development. Vice President, Venezuela reaffirms its firm conviction that improvements in human rights are achieved through frank, genuine dialogue which generates a beneficial synergy between parties, always on the basis of the principles of objectivity, impartiality, respect for sovereignty and non-selectivity, fully respecting national priorities. With that spirit, we call for further respectful support to be granted to Cambodia, which is completing its initiatives that are under way, with a view to continuing to move forward in achieving its national goals in the context of human rights.

That was the last speaker on my list. We will now move to the list of speakers from national human rights institutions and NGOs. give the floor to the Next Century Foundation.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. The Next Century Foundation is concerned that people in Cambodia continue to be imprisoned for peacefully expressing their views. This year, Cambodia pardoned and released the opposition leader Kem Sokha, and NCF welcomes that. But the release of one man is not justice for the many, and others remain in prison for similar peaceful acts. The environmental campaigners of Mother Nature Cambodia have been imprisoned for more than two years for documenting environmental harm. Journalists are serving long sentences for their reporting. And the Special Rapporteur has reported that more than 100 people may be held in Cambodia for

exercising their right to expression, assembly, and association. No one should be imprisoned for peacefully expressing their views.

As party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Cambodia is bound to protect that freedom and to guarantee every person a fair hearing before an independent court.

The next century encourages Cambodia to release all of the imprisoned

for peaceful expression and to do as a matter of law rather than exception, restoring open political space before the elections of 2027 and 2028.

I thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to Human Rights Now.

Human Rights Now remains deeply concerned about continuing arbitrary arrests and repression by Cambodia's government against political opposition members, journalists and media workers, environmental, land rights, labor and other activists, union leaders, and others taking dissenting views or actions. At least 82 persons were arbitrarily arrested for speech or activism in 2025.

The number reached a

record high of 131 in April 2026, and at least 117 remain imprisoned as of August 2026. Underlying these numbers is the increased use of incitement and plotting charges and targeting of online speech to arbitrarily criminalize legitimate criticism. Among those arrested were leaders, members, or former members of political parties, including Candlelight, Khmer Will, Nation Power, and CNRP, as well as journalists, including Lot, Sopal, **** Sopheap, Piap, Pierre, and Him Vanna. RSF's 2026 World Press Freedom Index ranked Cambodia 151st out of 180 countries due to persistent crackdowns journalists. July 2nd was also the second anniversary of the 2022 conviction of the five Mother Nature activists. Cambodia has also been developing measures for further pressuring or cracking down on dissenting voices, including the Smart Police Initiative, which includes overbroad data collection and surveillance measures, and a measure to revoke citizenship that may be applied to arbitrarily convicted critics. We call on Cambodia's government to release all persons arbitrarily arrested, repeal repressive laws, and to end its campaign of repression against critics.

Thank you. I give the floor to International Federation for Human Rights Leagues.

Mr. Vice President, FIDH welcomes the Special Rapporteur's first report on Cambodia and stands ready to support him in the discharge of his mandate. We are troubled by the relentless repression of peaceful dissidents and activism, which in recent months has led to an increase in the number of individuals arbitrarily detained or imprisoned for the legitimate exercise of their rights, reaching a record high of 131 individuals in April this year and currently standing at 110, including 10 women. The government's misuse of plotting and treason charges resulting in social media users, journalists, and political activists facing prison sentences of more than a decade represents a worrying escalation of judicial abuse. We are particularly disturbed by the ongoing imprisonment on politically motivated charges of five journalists, five environmental rights defenders from the award-winning grassroots organization Mother Nature, and two student activists from the Khmer Student Intelligent League Association. All of them have had their bail applications consistently denied by courts in blatant violation of Cambodia's obligation under international law. We reiterate our call for their release, the withdrawal of all charges against them, and an end to all acts of harassment against members of civil society. The extremely limited civic and political space will make Cambodia's next commune elections, scheduled for June 2027, a repeat of previous local polls, which were neither inclusive nor participatory, and in fact provided opportunities for further repression. Thank you.

Thank you. I give the floor to Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development.

Thank you, Mr. President. We welcome the Special Rapporteur's report. The Cambodian government claims that its human rights record is beyond scrutiny because it cooperates with the Special Rapporteur and other mechanisms and has ratified core human rights treaties. It claims that these reflect guarantees of human rights in the country. The reality, however, could not be further from this narrative. Civic and political space remain closed. Human rights defenders, journalists, and political opponents continue to be targeted with vague and overbroad criminal charges related to plotting, incitement, and defamation of the monarchy, based on evidence often obtained through digital surveillance and intrusion into private communications, and with the aid of a politicized judiciary. The continued imprisonment of the five young leaders of Mother Nature Cambodia is emblematic of this reality. The UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention found that their detention is arbitrary and called for their immediate release. Yet, they remain imprisoned alongside over 100 other political prisoners. If the cycle of elections that begin next year were to have any semblance of credibility, at minimum, the government must take immediate measures to open civic and political space. It must amend criminal code provisions and other repressive legislation used to restrict freedom of expression and media freedom. peaceful assembly and association, and release all political prisoners, including the Mother Nature Five. Implementation of the Special Rapporteur's recommendations is the real measure of Cambodia's cooperation with the mandate.

I thank you. Thank you. I give the floor to Lawyers Rights Watch Canada.

Lawyers Rights Watch Canada, the International Commission of Jurists, the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute.

And Lawyers for Lawyers.

Agree with the Special Rapporteur that respect for human rights is key to resolving multiple crises in Cambodia. For decades, special procedures have urged Cambodia to ensure independence of the judiciary and legal profession, adequate independent legal aid, and independent and impartial investigations of rights violations. Yet Cambodia continues its long-standing pattern of harassment, unfair trials, arbitrary detention of human rights defenders, and transnational repression of defenders and dissidents, as well as impunity for unlawful killings and forced disappearances and abduction and refoulement of defenders to other countries. We condemn the enforced disappearances of defenders Nguyen Duc Tuan and Truong Hiep, who were reportedly abducted on 18th of September 2026 while en route to Thailand and forcibly taken to Vietnam, where they now face fabricated terrorism charges. We urge the Council to call on Cambodia to implement recommendations of special procedures and treaty bodies, release all arbitrarily detained defenders, and halt impunity for extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances, and forcible renditions to other countries. We also ask what actions the Special Rapporteur recommends to curtail Cambodia's involvement in transnational repression. Thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to Human Rights Watch.

Mr. Vice President, Human Rights Watch thanks the Special Rapporteur for his report, which describes the deteriorating situation for civil society and the political opposition amid an unrelenting crackdown on freedom of expression. Cambodian authorities regularly charge opposition members, activists, journalists, and social media users with incitement and treason based solely on their peaceful expression. The judiciary acts at the behest of the ruling Cambodian People's Party. We are alarmed by the government's recent amendments to the commune administration law, which appear aimed at cementing one-party rule on the local level. Combined with the government's ongoing judicial harassment of opposition party leaders, including Rongchan and Thaksaita, the space for the political opposition is rapidly closing. Two journalists were sentenced to 14 years in prison on treason charges for reporting on border clashes with Thailand in February, while other journalists have been convicted for reporting on water shortages and cyber scam compounds. Five environmental activists from Mother Nature Cambodia are still detained in separate prisons after being arrested more than 800 days ago on baseless treason charges. Human Rights Watch urges the authorities to immediately release those detained for exercising the rights to freedom of expression, opinion, and assembly, and to drop politically motivated treason and incitement cases. We ask the Special Rapporteur what steps need to be taken between now and the June 2027 commune elections in order to ensure that polls are democratic and pluralistic. Thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to CIVICUS.

Mr. Vice President, we welcome the report of the Special Rapporteur based on his recent visit to Cambodia. We are encouraged that he met with human rights defenders, environmental activists, representatives of CSOs, journalists and opposition politicians, including those detained. We also welcome the news that he is examining these cases and has raised concerns about their conditions. Of particular concern, he noted that over 100 people may be detained in Cambodia for exercising their civic freedoms. We remain concerned that repressive laws are routinely being misused by the Hun Manet government to criminalise and jail human rights offenders, such as the five Mother Nature environmental activists and those that oppose the CLV data agreement. Arrested individuals are frequently denied bail and held in prolonged pretrial detention. Peaceful protests are systematically suppressed, and there are excessive restrictions on CSOs under the Law on Associations and Non-Governmental Organizations. Opposition politicians are also being targeted, and there are concerns that the repression is going to escalate ahead of local council elections scheduled for 2027. We call on this Council, all Member States and the UN Special Rapporteur to continue to engage with activists and civil society, push the government to drop all charges against activists and to release them immediately, as well as to repeal all restrictive laws and cooperate with the special procedures. We thank you.

Thank you. I now give the floor for a joint statement of the Inter-Spy Association.

The International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute, Lawyers for Lawyers, Article 19, Lawyers Rights Watch Canada, and Fora Major welcome the Special Rapporteur's.

Recent visit to Cambodia and his report.

We are concerned at the ongoing criminal prosecution of journalists in Cambodia for legitimate reporting.

The recent decision of the Cambodian Supreme.

Court to uphold the 14-year prison sentences imposed on journalists **** Sopheap and Peep Phearath exemplifies this pattern. Such sentences are manifestly disproportionate and have a severe chilling effect on media freedom.

This intimidatory use of the law against journalists is exacerbated by physical threats, restrictions and censorship of the media.

These measures violate journalists' right to freedom of expression, and such restrictions do not meet international human rights standards.

This has a wider impact on human rights in Cambodia. Without a free, independent media, other human rights violations go unreported and unaddressed.

We are further concerned that this is.

Compounded by the wider erosion of the rule of law, including the lack of an independent judiciary, attacks on lawyers, limits on civil society, and the silencing of political opposition. We call on Cambodia to immediately and unconditionally release all journalists that are arbitrarily detained, and call on this Council to keep.

Monitoring the erosion of the rule of law in Cambodia, including attacks on journalists and lawyers.

Thank you. I now give the floor to the Xianxi Patriotic Volunteers.

我是国际爱国公约组织创始人，倡导爱国不能损害他国利益。

我们认真阅读了特别报告员的报告，报告肯定柬埔寨在减刑打.

击网络欺诈方面的建议，也指.

出超百人因行使言论自由被拘，关于协.

会和非政府组织法律限制公民空间，边境冲突致数十.

万人流离失所。国际爱国公约组织认为，应对这些挑战。 international community should.

I thank you and give the floor to Imam Ali's Popular Students Relief Society.

The UN Secretary-General and Special Rapporteur reports reveal a devastating reality: Cambodia's democracy is in freefall. As the upcoming elections approach, the ruling regime is trying to crush all genuine political pluralism and independent competition. We strongly condemn the censorship surrounding the border conflict. The Ministry of Information maintains an oppressive blockade, forcing the press to rely solely on state sources. At least 15 independent journalists have been summoned, arrested, or detained for reporting on the disputed Thai border. Furthermore, we condemn the regime's defrocking and immediate jailing of environmental monks on overbroad charges of incitement. Combined with the repressive Lango laws, these broader restrictions completely stifle free speech. Two democratic elections are impossible under this severe blockade of information. Meser, Special Rapporteur, given that Cambodia is systematically abusing national security laws to completely eliminate independent monitoring along the border, what concrete international enforcement mechanisms do you recommend to protect civilian journalists from being jailed for up to 14 years just for documenting this humanitarian conflict? Thank you.

I thank you.

This was the last speaker we could accommodate in this debate. I give the floor now to the distinguished representative of Cambodia, who's asked to divide his time available in two sections. He has one minute.

We thank all for the constructive engagement and support and encourage fair assessment. Allow me to clarify on Thailand's fall and misleading information as follows. The current displaced Cambodians were forced to flee from their home in Cambodian territory due to the Thai armed force attack in 2025. UN records confirmed that Cambodian refugees from the 1970s civil war had already left Thailand in 1999. Cambodia and Thailand have a recognized international boundary under the 1904 Convention and the 1907 Treaty. The current Thai armed force activity in the illegally occupied area of Cambodia violate the UN Charter, international law, and bilateral agreement. We categorically reject any misuse of online scam as a pretext for encroachment on another state territory. Commitment to combat online scam is clearly stated in my statement. I thank you.

Thank you very much, distinguished. distinguished representative. I give the floor now to Mr. Andrews for his concluding remarks. You have six minutes.

Thank you again, Mr. Vice President and members of this Human Rights Council. I very much appreciate the attention, the comments, the questions, and the attention that you are placing on Cambodia and the particular challenges being faced by the people of Cambodia and the human rights challenges that are being faced in that country. I'd like to group together some of the comments and questions, given the limited amount of time that I have to respond. But I want to say at the outset that my door is open. I very much welcome your continued engagement, your opinions, your recommendations. and your questions with respect to Cambodia and the role that I can play to help advance human rights, both in concept and in reality, in Cambodia. So my door is open, and I want to emphasize that to each and every one of you. First of all, let me address the border issue between Cambodia and Thailand. As you can appreciate, This is a very difficult and volatile issue. Emotions run high on both sides of this question. I have attempted to be as informed and as rooted in the facts and the truth as I possibly can. And I've done that by going to the border, by talking to people who have been displaced, by reaching out to Thailand and Cambodia to seek their views and perspectives on this crisis. And I want to say that my perspective, my comments, the things that I will be doing with respect to this conflict is based upon the human rights aspects of this conflict. I know that there are many, many issues surrounding the conflict, who started it, who initiated hostilities, for example. But these are issues beyond the scope of my mandate. My mandate is human rights and the human rights impacts of this conflict. And those are the that will continue to be the focus of my of my of my work. I am committed to providing you with whatever I can in terms of information. I am committed to the facts based upon my research and my findings. I am committed to engagement with both sides. And I am committed, as I said in my opening remarks, to supporting in any way that I possibly can the swift and peaceful resolution of this conflict, because the stakes could not be higher for those who are on that border. Economic opportunity has basically broken down. There is lots of suffering that are resulting on both sides of the border because of that lack of economic opportunity and engagement. There is so much at stake toward the resolution of this conflict, and I will do whatever I can through the prism of human rights toward that end. I'd like to just briefly mention the cyber scam issue that has been discussed and presented. In my report, of course, I talked about cyber scams, the importance of international engagement, and how the impact of that engagement can be seen with respect to cyber scams. But there are two issues that I included in my comments to the Government of Cambodia that I'd like to mention here. I stressed the need to hold accountable all of those who are responsible for those cyber scam operations, including those who are very, have upper levels of status in both the government and in business communities. Everybody should be held accountable. And secondly, I raised concerns about the status of those who have been victimized by virtue of being humanly trafficked into these cyber scam operations and suffering as a result. we need to do a much better job in identifying those who are victims and secure and support those victims. I'd like to point out in my report a range of things that I think actions that can be taken by the international community with respect to what can be done to advance human rights in Cambodia. I can't emphasize enough the importance of emphasizing and encouraging the release of all those who are in prison for exercising their fundamental human rights. We should be consistent. and clear about the demand that every one of those people be released and that restrictions on the political activities and rights of those who are engaged in debates about the future of Cambodia, particularly those who are preparing to engage in upcoming elections, commune elections next year, national elections the following year, that they have the right to do so. And the reason that's important is because the people of Cambodia deserve the right to choose their own future. And they should choose it on the basis of the information that they are provided freely and openly by candidates, political parties, and other advocates on all sides of the issues facing Cambodia. Let me just say in closing, Mr. Vice President and members of this Council, the Human Rights Council has been called the conscience of the United Nations. This is one of three pillars of this institution. And your responsibility holding that pillar is to advance human rights and to make the human rights of these issues shine clearly and brightly for all to see. I am honored to have this important responsibility as Special Rapporteur on the situation on human rights in Cambodia, and I commit myself to serving you and working with you toward that end. Thank you so very much.

Thank you very much. That brings us to the end of this interactive dialogue. I wish to thank Mr. Andrews for his participation. We will take a short break before holding the interactive dialogue on the situation of human rights in Ukraine. Excellencies, distinguished colleagues, we will now hold the interactive dialogue on the oral update of the High Commissioner on the situation of human rights in Ukraine, mandated by Council resolution 59/22. The list of speakers will close in 15 minutes. And I give the floor to Mr. Volker Turk, High Commissioner for Human Rights, to provide an oral update. Go ahead.

Gracias, Senor Vice-President, Excellencies, distinguished delegates. The war in Ukraine is a human rights catastrophe that is growing and intensifying by the week, causing unfathomable pain to civilians and threatening an even greater disaster across the entire region. We need urgent action to end it in line with the United Nations Charter and international law. Against a backdrop of unceasing brutality, our recent report found shocking levels of sexual violence against civilians and prisoners of war. The Russian Federation is using these abhorrent acts to torture, intimidate, and coerce individuals and communities. Of more than 1,000 cases documented by my office, 89% were attributed to the Russian authorities and 11% to Ukraine. Most of the victims of sexual violence were men, particularly in places of detention, but women and children were also affected, primarily in occupied territory of Ukraine. This is just one terrible manifestation of the cruelty that has come to define this war. Alongside peace, there must be accountability. The full-scale invasion unleashed by the Russian Federation is killing and injuring hundreds of people every week, as front lines barely move. apartment buildings, schools, medical centers, railways, seaports, gas stations, shops, and logistics and telecommunication companies have been hit in recent attacks. The Russian Federation, as the aggressor, is inflicting immense suffering on Ukrainians. The Russian leadership should also consider what this war is doing to their own society, which is sinking deeper into fear, denial, and a militarized economy that puts death and destruction ahead of health care and education. I am shocked by the lack of empathy at display. Continuous escalation is creating a vortex of vengeance and reprisals that will have terrible consequences for people and communities for decades to come. Mr. Vice President, across Ukraine, people are living in constant dread. Air raid alerts in Kyiv were active for 33 hours during one 48-hour period earlier this week as missiles and drones rained down on the city. During the first eight months of this year, we verified some 15,280 civilians killed and injured on average more than 400 every week for 34 weeks. This is 50% more than during the same period in 2025. On 19 September, for example, Russian long-range drone attacks killed four civilians, including three children, in the Kyiv region. On 12 and 13 September, one civilian was killed and 63 injured in attacks involving missiles and drones in the Odessa region. The number of civilian casualties in the Russian Federation has reportedly also increased. During the night of 19 to 20 September, the Russian authorities reported that three people were killed and 41 injured in a major missile and drone attack in the Moscow region. My office is unable to verify these reports fully. The authorities have not granted us access. Short-range drones kill and injure civilians, prevent the delivery of humanitarian aid, and restrict freedom of movement. Long-range drones are constantly expanding their reach and the threat they pose to civilians. Ukraine is a laboratory for drone warfare, and we need urgent steps at the international level to deal with the carnage wrought by these weapon systems around the world. But the situation near the front lines is of particular concern. Civilian casualties are at very high levels, caused by drone attacks, aerial bombardment, shelling, and systems that launch multiple rockets, devastating an entire area. In the Donetsk, Kharkiv, Sumy, and Zaporizhzhia regions, The use of aerial glide bombs by the Russian Federation has driven a significant increase in civilian deaths and injuries. In the first eight months of this year, these weapons killed and injured nearly 2,500 civilians, 62 percent more than during the same period last year. An estimated 2,000 people are trapped in Oleshky in desperate conditions without running water, electricity, or gas. Food deliveries have been severely disrupted, and the hospital is running out of fuel to run its generators. Mr. Vice President, attacks on energy infrastructure and commercial property have increased sharply in clear disregard of international humanitarian law. Russian attacks on supermarkets and food companies are already creating temporary shortages of vegetables and dairy products in some areas. Damage to power plants causes outages that affect water pumping stations, and Russian forces have repeatedly attacked transportation infrastructure, including railways, ports, border crossings, and gas stations across Ukraine. As winter approaches, Ukrainians fear the worst is yet to come. Inside the Russian Federation, Ukrainian forces have reportedly struck warehouses and logistics centers belonging to major e-commerce companies, along with oil refineries. Russia's continued attempts to incorporate the Ukrainian territory it occupies, most recently by holding elections there earlier this month, are another blatant violation of international law. I'm alarmed by human rights violations linked to the presence of fighters from third countries in the war. My staff have interviewed prisoners of war from 36 countries who are held by Ukraine. Many said they were deceived into joining the Russian forces. Meanwhile, the massive use of explosives and mines is polluting ecosystems and creating new environmental risks. We do not yet know the full impact of toxic chemicals on land, rivers, and lakes. But it is clear that today's reckless warmongers oblivious to the harm they are causing future generations. Mr. Vice President, the conduct of this war to date cannot be allowed to dictate its future. We need a decisive shift towards de-escalation and peace. Rebuilding momentum towards negotiations is key. This calls for confidence-building measures based on human rights that could reduce the impact of hostilities on civilians. Such measures could include an agreement to end attacks on economic targets and energy infrastructure, local ceasefires on the front lines, enabling civilians to leave Oleshky, and a full exchange of prisoners of war respecting the principle of non-refoulement. These steps can be a basis for renewed efforts towards peace, grounded in human rights and in line with the UN Charter, international law, and General Assembly resolutions. We stand in solidarity with the civilians who are bearing the brunt of this war. To Russians, I say, this war is serving no one apart from a powerful elite, especially those with financial ties to the military. Its continuation will only lead to more shattered families and greater misery for ordinary people. To Ukrainians, I say, We are doing everything possible to support peace with justice and accountability. To the international community, and particularly states with influence, I say, please take urgent action and to push for a negotiated peace now before this tragedy becomes even worse. Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you very much, the High Commissioner. According to our practice, we shall start the hearing from the delegations of the country concerned. The Russian Federation has indicated to the Secretariat that it will take the floor during this part of the list of speakers. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Ukraine. You have five minutes.

Mr. President, Ukraine thanks the High Commissioner for his oral update and for presenting the thematic report on conflict-related sexual violence. which sheds light on deeply sensitive and important issues and provides credible, independently verified information on the situation. Its findings are devastating. During the reporting period, OHCHR verified 892 cases of conflict-related sexual violence perpetrated by Russian Federation authorities, including against 725 men, 151 women, 14 girls and two boys. Behind every figure is human being. Unfortunately, thousands of Ukrainian prisoners of war, political prisoners and unlawfully detained civilians remain in Russian captivity. OHCHR has documented the use of sexual violence as torture, intimidation, and coercion, while Russia has taken no visible steps to prevent, investigate, or prosecute such crimes. Russia must provide access to all Ukrainian prisoners and ensure their release. Mr. High Commissioner, Ukraine remains open to all UN monitoring mechanisms. We provide access to relevant institutions, information, and places of detention of prisoners of war. We are determined to uphold zero tolerance for violations under the 26-27 UN-Ukraine implementation plan, together with UN mechanisms and the OEC. We are strengthening zero-tolerance policies on sexual violence and harassment across the security and defense sector, enhancing training and awareness, advancing legislative changes. Every violation must be documented and investigated, regardless of the perpetrator's status. Mr. President, sexual violence is not the only one dimension of the suffering caused by Russia's war against Ukraine. Ukrainian civilians continue to be killed and injured every day. From 1st to 24th September alone, OCHA/CHR verified at least 200 civilians killed and 1,234 injured. Kyiv has come under repeated Russian attacks this month. On 25th September, Russian strike killed seven people, including 14 years old boy. 28th September attacks injured 24 people, including three children, and killed a woman. 30 September, another attack killed two people. On 1 October, Russian drones struck a Kyiv school while more than 100 children and over 60 teachers were sheltering inside. Last night, Russia damaged the Southern Bridge in Kyiv and disrupted movement for hundreds of thousands of residents. This morning, a Russian strike hit a 25-storey residential building in Kyiv and killed one person. These are combined by Russia's continued attacks on Ukraine's critical infrastructure, making the approaching winter an additional humanitarian challenge. This week, Kyiv already experienced disruption to electricity and water supplies. For Ukrainians, winter is not simply a season. It is another test of survival, test created by Russia. The situation is even more desperate in the territories under Russian occupation. In Oleshky, around 2,000 civilians, including nearly 50 children, remain trapped without adequate food, water, electricity, or medical care. We call on the international community, the UN, and humanitarian organizations to act urgently to secure humanitarian access and safe evacuation. Oleshky cannot be forgotten, and its civilians cannot be left at the mercy of the occupying Russian forces. Dear partners, we need your support. We need your support to protect civilians, strengthen air defense, support survivors and evacuation efforts, protect civilian infrastructure, and ensure accountability. There must be no normalization of civilian deaths, no impunity for sexual violence, no weaponization of hunger, darkness, or winter. Russia must stop its war against Ukraine, withdraw its forces, comply with international law, and be accountable for the suffering it has caused. Ukraine will remember every victim, and we will continue to work for justice. I thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you very much. The list of speakers is now closed. I now invite interested delegations to ask questions or make comments on the oral update. Speaking time is one minute 30 seconds for all. I give the floor, on behalf of a group of countries, to the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Sweden, Maria Malmer Stenergard. That will be a video statement.

Mr. President, I have the honor to deliver this statement on behalf of the Nordic-Baltic countries. Every day, Russia chooses to continue its brutal war of aggression and deliberate attacks against civilians and civilian infrastructure in Ukraine. It shows that it is not interested in peace. The mounting reports of Russia's violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law is appalling. Repeatedly, we learn about the horrific nature of Russia's violations. Torture of civilians and prisoners of war. Systematic sexual violence against detainees. Forcible transfer and deportation of Ukrainian children. We will not stay silent about these crimes. The Nordic-Baltic countries reaffirm our unwavering solidarity with the Ukrainian people and our steadfast support for Ukraine's independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity. We will continue to demand full accountability for the crimes committed in the context.

Of Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine.

And we urge all countries to join this call for justice.

Thank you.

Muchas gracias.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the delegation of the European Union.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. The EU thanks the High Commissioner for his update. Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine continues to cause devastating harm and mounting civilian casualties. The Commission of Inquiry has concluded that Russian authorities have committed crimes against humanity of torture and forced disappearances, murder and forcible transfer of population, and war crimes, including deliberate, intensified targeting of civilians. The latest OHCHR report documents a shocking pattern of conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence. The overwhelming majority of verified cases is attributed to Russian authorities, including cases involving children. And yet, Russia has failed to take any discernible steps to prevent, investigate, or prosecute sexual violence committed by its personnel, which it chooses to shelter in impunity. The EU reiterates its resolute condemnation of the atrocity committed in Ukraine in the context of Russia's war of aggression and Russia's continuing violations of international law including international human rights law and international humanitarian law in Ukraine. We reaffirm the EU's commitment to ensuring full accountability and justice for all international crimes and human rights violations. We reiterate our support for the International Criminal Court. We demand that Russia cease its aggression, withdraw all forces and military equipment from the entire territory of Ukraine, and fully respects Ukraine's sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity within its internationally recognized borders. High Commissioner, how does Russia respond to your calls for engagement? Thank you so much.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the representative of the Council of Europe.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. On 30 September, the Council of Europe Register of Damage caused by the Russian aggression completed the opening of all the claim categories for compensation for damage, loss, or injury caused by the wrongful acts in or against Ukraine. Claims can be submitted in 21 categories for individuals, 11 categories for legal entities, and 11 categories for the state of Ukraine. The Register has so far received over 195,000 claims, 65,000 of which have been recorded. Behind them are human lives and a country shattered by war, which awaits justice, redress and reparation. Without that, there can be no just and lasting peace. Among the categories are death and disappearance of family members, personal injury, torture, sexual violence, forced displacement, loss of housing, employment, private enterprise, damage to infrastructure, cultural heritage and environment. The Council of Europe is resolved not to let force take precedence over international law. The swift ratification of the Convention on the International Claims Commission should be the next step to enable the adjudication of claims. We count on progress on ratifications of the enlarged partial agreement on the Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression. These legal mechanisms are open to all countries who have voted for the respective resolution of the UN General Assembly. I thank you.

Thank you very much. I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Cyprus.

Thank you, Mr. Vice President. Cyprus thanks the High Commissioner for his update and for the continued work documenting the human rights consequences of Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine. We align ourselves with the EU statement. We welcome this report's focus on conflict-related sexual violence. We are concerned by widespread sexual violence against Ukrainian prisoners of war and civilian detainees. Even in their own homes, women and girls in occupied communities are at risk. The substantial number of male survivors also reminds us that sexual violence affects everyone. Sexual violence is prohibited under international humanitarian and human rights law and may constitute war crimes or crimes against humanity. Perpetrators must be held accountable. OHCHR identifies no discernible Russian steps to prevent, investigate, or prosecute these abuses. At the same time, we welcome Ukraine's cooperation with OHCHR, legal reforms, and steps towards urgent interim reparations. Survivors also need confidential, trauma-informed, age and gender-responsive assistance with a meaningful voice in shaping services. High Commissioner, how can OHCHR help ensure assistance reaches survivors, particularly those in occupied territory, facing barriers to reporting and.

Care.

I thank you.

Thank you very much, Excellencies, distinguished participants. That brings us to the end of the meeting. We will reconvene this afternoon at 3 pm to continue the interactive dialogue on the situation of human rights in Ukraine, to be followed by the enhanced interactive dialogue on the High Commissioner's report on the Democratic Republic of the Congo. I hereby close the 37th meeting of the 63rd session of the Human Rights Council.