4th Meeting - 63rd Session of Human Rights Council

Important announcement. Message important. Urgent announcement. Anuncio importante. Urge from the speakers to give their statements at a reasonable speed to ensure a timely, comprehensive, and high-quality translation. To help the interpreter accurately and completely convey the speaker's message, Speakers are kindly reminded to deliver their statements at a reasonable pace to ensure complete and quality interpretation. Speakers are kindly reminded to deliver their statements at a reasonable pace to ensure complete Se ruega a los oradores que pronuncien sus declaraciones a un ritmo razonable para garantizar una interpretación íntegra y de calidad.

Excellencies, distinguished colleagues, I hereby declare open the fourth meeting of the 63rd session of the Human Rights Council. And we continue the general debate under agenda item 2. And the list of speakers has been closed. We continue the list of speakers of observers of the Council. And first, I have the pleasure to give the floor to Malta.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. Malta aligns itself with the EU statement. We thank the High Commissioner for his oral update. Malta notes the High Commissioner's visit to Lebanon in July and welcomes Lebanon's continued engagement with the Office and the UN's human rights structures. Malta remains deeply concerned by the catastrophic humanitarian situation in Gaza. We continue to call for the prompt, unhindered and sustained delivery of humanitarian assistance in sufficient quantities to meet the needs of the civilian population. We are alarmed by the continuing attacks affecting civilians, including children, months after a ceasefire was declared, as well as settler-related violence in the West Bank against Palestinians and in their homes. High Commissioner, 60 years since the International Covenants were adopted by the General Assembly, much remains yet to be accomplished. Malta continues to fully support the vital work and independence of your Office. Thank you, Madam Vice-President.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Morocco.

Madame Vice-President, I would first like to thank the High Commissioner for his report and wish him success for the second mandate. Morocco is striving to ensure that we translate international frameworks into real progress for human rights on the ground in constructive dialogue. Morocco is continuing to contribute actively to strengthening the UPR with a view to its fifth cycle. After a meeting in Rabat in June, a retreat on this subject, on 24 September we will organise a side event to present the conclusions of this meeting. A number of States participated, as well as NHRIs, universities and so on. Morocco will participate in the next meeting for establishing reports and for follow-up in spring next year. We believe that that process will help to boost the global alliance for human rights. The Kingdom will also continue to promote human rights in the face of emerging challenges connected to climate change, artificial intelligence and hate speech online. In terms of migration, the Kingdom will continue to support the efforts of the Office to promote a migration that is respectful of human rights. I thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Iran.

Thank you, Madam Vice President, Mr. High Commissioner. My delegation takes note of the High Commissioner's valid concern regarding civilian death and injuries resulting from the recent United States attack on a wedding ceremony in Hormozgan province. Such attack on civilian population was not an isolated incident. It's a systematic and violent pattern of attack on civilians, especially in areas in mass population, to increase the casualties and spread horror and terror. A pattern that is repeated in other incidents, like an attack on Minab school with 168 casualties and the attack on Lummis Sports Center with PRMS missiles that are clearly a war crime. As the High Commissioner rightly observed, waging war against Iran was entirely avoidable. The attack against Iran was launched while diplomacy was still underway and a prospect of agreement was very close. Mr. High Commissioner, The current situation in Persian Gulf region cannot be portrayed merely as an exchange of hostilities between Iran and the United States. It is a direct consequence of acts of aggression deliberately perpetrated by the United States and the Zionist regime. The extensive network of United States military bases has turned our region into a platform for aggression, gravely endangering its peace and security. Iran did not initiate these hostilities. Having been attacked, it responded in the exercise of its inherent right to self-defense under Article 51 of the United Charter. The repeated attacks by US on Iran have remained the vesting impacts and the development processes of the country. Thank you very much.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Venezuela.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is grateful for the presentation of the report from the High Commissioner and takes note of its content. We reaffirm our unwavering commitment to the promotion and protection of all human rights on the basis of dialogue, cooperation and principles of impartiality, objectivity, non-selectivity and non-politicisation. We support the work of the High Commissioner in the field and on the national level, with efforts to bolster peaceful coexistence, and we will continue to work for constructive development in respect of national priorities to contribute successfully to national capacities. We reaffirmed that technical co-operation from the UN should be developed with the consent of the state concerned and be but trusted by genuine dialogue and non-interference in domestic affairs. We would encourage that the work of the office strike a technically rigorous balance that is based on corroborated information and a comprehensive picture of the challenges and achievements. Venezuela supports a system that promotes cooperation rather than confrontation in strict adherence to the UN Charter. Finally, we reiterate that the questions of Hong Kong, Xinjiang, and Tibet are internal affairs for China. Thank you very much.

Thank you. I would like to remind speakers that the speaking time is one minute and 30 seconds. Next speaker is Azerbaijan.

Thank you, Mr. President. We congratulate the High Commissioner on his re-election and take note of the global update. The world faces growing threats to the international peace and security. The crisis of multilateralism, as well as erosion of trust and confidence, continue to undermine our common security and collective efforts to promote cooperation and prosperity. In contrast to growing instability in many parts of the world, the South Caucasus region has embarked on a path towards lasting peace, security, and cooperation. The Washington Joint Declaration provided a concrete roadmap for Azerbaijan and Armenia, with support of U.S., to strengthen peace, achieve prosperity, and deepen partnership. Armed conflicts create long-lasting impact that persists long after their end. In the post-conflict period, Azerbaijan is focused on the reconstruction and rehabilitation of its liberated territories, enabling the return of former IDPs, clarifying the fate of missing persons, and restoring the environment. However, widespread presence of landmines is a major obstacle to these efforts. We call on the international community to keep these issues high on its agenda. Azerbaijan reiterates its commitment to the protection and promotion of all human rights and fundamental freedoms, including freedom of expression and media freedom. There are no restrictions whatsoever on civil space and media-related activities in Azerbaijan. We also closely follow the human rights situation in some EU member states, which is a cause of concern. We'll distribute our full version next. I thank you.

Next speaker is Eritrea.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. Eritrea reiterates its long-standing concerns over certain practices of this Council, chief amongst them the selective prioritization of certain rights over others and the disproportionate agenda-driven scrutiny placed on nations of the Global South. On Sudan, the atrocities in El Obeid and the continuation of this conflict must be addressed with genuine concern. The conflict is aggravated by involvement of external actors whose actions have contributed to prolonging the violence and killing of innocent people. Eritrea believes that the Office of the High Commissioner, with its presence in Sudan, should actively cooperate with national institutions in line with the framework of cooperation agreed with the government. On Sri Lanka, we commend the efforts undertaken to promote reconciliation through domestic mechanisms and recognize the positive developments noted in the OHCHR's written update. Eritrea believes that Sri Lanka should be supported in these efforts without imposing further political measures or unjustified country-specific mandates. There has to be an understanding that our national and regional contexts are different. States cannot be placed on a trajectory defined by Western countries seeking to advance these agendas. I thank you, Madam Vice President.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Cabo Verde.

Madam Vice President. Thank you, Madam Vice-President. We would like to congratulate the High Commissioner for his re-election and thank him for his efforts. We note with concern that in many regions, human rights are continuing to deteriorate. Fundamental rights such as the right to life, freedom and human dignity are seriously affected. We hail the constant efforts of the High Commissioner in close collaboration with the UN system to promote, protect and ensure the effective implementation of international standards for human rights. These efforts are particularly important in a context that is marked by growing challenges and persistent budgetary constraints. As a tolerant and democratic country, Cabo Verde reaffirms its firm commitment to building lasting peace and safe, just, inclusive societies. We must ensure that our approach is inextricably linked to respect for international law and principles and goals set out in the UN Charter, as well as the defence and constant value for multilateralism and international cooperation. Cabo Verde encourages the OHCHR to continue its efforts with its member states in order to ensure the promotion and protection of human rights. I thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Cambodia.

Madam Vice-President, We share the High Commissioner's concern over growing armed conflict, civilian suffering, and diminishing respect for international human rights and humanitarian law and the UN Charter. For Cambodia, these concerns remain immediate. Although the December 2025 ceasefire between Cambodia and Thailand holds, More than 20,000 displaced Cambodians remain unable to return home safely and with dignity. Homes and civilian infrastructure have been destroyed, seriously affecting livelihoods and education, especially for women and children. We are gravely concerned that Thai armed forces continue unlawful activity in occupied area well within Cambodian territory, creating fait accompli through barbed wire, containers, military and civilian infrastructure, and land title issued to Thai citizens before border demarcation. We value support for the ceasefire and humanitarian relief, yet peace requires more than the absence of fighting. It must protect civilians and enable their safe and dignified return. Cambodia urges full respect for international law, including sovereignty, territorial integrity, and the peaceful settlement of disputes, in order to end civilian suffering and achieve lasting peace. I thank you, Madam Vice-President.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Germany.

Thank you, Madam Vice President, Mr. High Commissioner, let me reiterate Germany's full support for your work during your second term. while we recognize the various human rights violations that you've outlined, for Germany, this is no reason for resignation. We believe that investing in the Council and the Office of the High Commissioner is essential. That is why Germany has presented its candidature for the Human Rights Council 2027 to 2029. If elected, it is our intention to continue to be a strong voice for human rights. First, we remain committed to pursue accountability for Russia's consistent violations of human rights. Second, we will call for accountability to ensure societies can return to peace, for example, in the Sudan. We will also focus on economic, social, and cultural rights, for example, through initiatives on the rights of safe drinking water and sanitation. We will work for better protection of human rights defenders, including those who are repressed transnationally. Let me also stress in this context, because transnational repression is important in the context of Iran, that we did not appreciate how the delegation of Iran addressed the State of Israel in this debate. Finally, most importantly, we will be sure to cooperate with partners on the basis of rights, pragmatism and respect. Thank you.

I thank you. Next, I give the floor to Lebanon.

Mrs. Vice President, Lebanon thanks the High Commissioner and his office for their important work throughout the year, including their efforts to advance the Global Alliance for Human Rights and for your visit to Lebanon. Lebanon has experienced a year of extreme marked by both meaningful progress and profound challenges. We have continued to advance the protection and promotion of human rights, including through the abolition of the death penalty. At the same time, we have faced renewed Israeli attacks in the south and Beqaa, resulting in civilian casualties and extensive damage to civilian infrastructure. Lebanon remains firmly committed to safeguarding its sovereignty, preserving the stability of its south, and protecting the safety and dignity of its citizens. We call on the international community to act urgently to halt these attacks, protect civilians, and ensure accountability for violations of international law. In this regard, we attach particular importance to the work of the OHCHR assessment team in establishing the facts and documenting violations. Lebanon echoes the High Commissioner's call to place human rights, international law, accountability, and multilateral cooperation at the center of our collective efforts. And I thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Denmark.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. Denmark aligns with the EU statement. Mr High Commissioner, we thank you for your report and update and congratulate you on your second term as High Commissioner. You can count on Denmark's full support to you and your office. We are witnessing an alarming global trend of democratic backsliding and continued shrinking civic space. Today, only 7% of the world's population lives in countries where the civic space is considered relatively open. Freedom of expression and media freedom is under growing pressure, both offline and online. We are deeply concerned about the increasing restrictions, harassment, and attacks against journalists and human rights defenders. including against indigenous human rights defenders, women's rights defenders and environmental activists. These developments are obstructing the defence of human rights and threatening accountability and democratic participation in many parts of the world. We call on the authorities to ensure that civil society actors, journalists and human rights defenders can carry out their legitimate work without fear of intimidation, reprisals or persecution, and to uphold their obligations under international human rights law. I thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Afghanistan.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. We thank the High Commissioner for his oral update. As he mentioned regarding the Taliban, and I quote, "Their system of severe discrimination and oppression now in its sixth year is nothing short of gender-based apartheid." The session starts in the sixth year of the brutal Taliban rule. Women and girls are barred from education, from work, from the airwaves, erased from public life. Independent media are silenced, artists are targeted, and minorities face innocent attack. This crisis is undeniable, and therefore, we must not only speak, but also act. Afghanistan remains bound by the treaties it ratified. The Taliban cannot escape that responsibility. We thank those who have condemned these atrocities and those who have stepped forward to fund the Independent Investigative Mechanism for Afghanistan. It must be operationalized without delay, fully resourced and strategically placed. What is happening in Afghanistan must not be normalized. A regime that has built a system of gender apartheid cannot be treated as a normal. States must never treat it as such, nor normalize the Taliban rule. Engagement cannot become endorsement, and pragmatism cannot become impunity. I thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Mozambique. Mozambique? They seem to be absent. So next I give the floor to Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

Madam Vice President, in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the people are at the center of all state activities. The rights and interests of our people are protected through institutional, legal, and practical measures. Significant progress has been achieved in promoting and protecting human rights in various fields, including healthcare, education, housing, and other areas essential to the well-being and development of our people. The DPRK will continue to pursue a path of development with determination, further improving the living standards of our people. At the same time, it will remain co- committed to contributing constructively to international efforts for the promotion and protection of human rights on the basis of dialogue, cooperation, and mutual respect. Madam Vice President, the Human Rights Council should uphold the principles of impartiality, objectivity, non-selectivity, and avoid practices that single out specific countries or create mechanisms without the consent and cooperation of the countries concerned. My delegation calls upon the Human Rights Council, as well as the High Commissioner, to promote genuine dialogue and constructive cooperation among States, rather than confrontation and politicization. We believe that only through mutual respect, engagement and cooperation can the international community make meaningful and sustainable progress in the promotion and protection of human rights. I thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Turkey.

thank you Madam Vice President we congratulate the high commissioner on his reelection we thank the high commissioner for his principal stance in these testing times he spoke of an age of extremes where war reflects the failure of our humanity a genocide unfolded in real time and the violations of Israel continue the fragile ceasefire must be fully implemented with unhindered humanitarian access the launch of recovery and reconstruction and accountability lasting peace requires ending to occupation and implementing the state vision. In Sudan, we stand for the country's unity and territorial integrity. The core issue in Sudan should not be treated as a matter of balancing between supposed equals. Mechanisms serve victims best. when they remain within their mandates. In Syria, after 14 years, a historic transition deserves this Council's support through technical cooperation and capacity building. Our strong stance with Syria and Syrian people will continue. We recognize the significant reforms by Sri Lanka. Turkey will continue to actively engage in efforts towards a just and lasting peace in Ukraine, in line with the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Ukraine. We address other situations of concern, from Afghanistan to Myanmar and the DRC, under the relevant agenda items. Madam Vice-President, international law is not self-executing. It lives only when States defend it. Turkey, for its part, will continue to defend it. I thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Sudan.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. The High Commissioner, in his oral briefing, referred to a number of concerns regarding human rights, including the spread of conflicts, polarization, climate change. In dealing with my country, he spoke of the danger of foreign intervention. Here, we would like to affirm the seriousness of the intervention by a known state against my country. It supports continuously a known militia for being terrorists and criminals, providing material, financing, mercenaries, as well as misinformation. In this context, We would like to reaffirm that the Sudanese armed forces abide by international law. Some isolated individual cases that have not been investigated does not mean that there's a systematic pattern of violations. We support the integrity of the Chinese territories and to obtain the correct balance while taking into account cultural characteristics. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Nigeria.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. Nigeria aligns with the statements delivered on behalf of the African Group, the OIC, and NAM. We take note of the High Commissioner's global update and commend his efforts towards promoting and protecting human rights globally. At a time of growing conflict, inequality, polarization, climate-related challenges, and rapid technological change, Nigeria agrees that the international community must renew its commitment to multilateralism. Global peace, security, and sustained development can only be achieved through deeper cooperation and constructive dialogue, with full respect for international law, sovereignty, and territorial integrity. Madam Vice President, Nigeria reiterates the Council's work must be guided by universality, objectivity, impartiality, and non-selectivity. Equal attention must be given to all human rights, including economic, social, and cultural rights, and the right to development. As discussions on rationalization continue, efforts to improve efficiency should not reduce the attention, time, or resources devoted to these rights. We further underscore the need to address poverty, inequality, discrimination, and the structural barriers to development through international cooperation, technical assistance, and capacity building provided at the... Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Libya.

Say the raise. Thank you. We associate ourselves with the statements delivered on behalf of the groups we belong to. We first congratulate the High Commissioner for his re-election, and we highly appreciate the works of OHCHR to promote human rights in the current constant violations around the world of international law and IHL, and the increasing number of conflicts. We reiterate the importance of continue international cooperation, and we stress the importance of abiding by international law and to apply all criteria without any selectivity. We condemn the continuing violations of IHL and international human rights law in the occupied Palestinian territory, especially in the West Bank and Gaza. We stand in solidarity with Lebanon to face the continuing attacks on its territory. In conclusion, we reaffirm our commitment to continue cooperating with the OHCHR and that in the field of human rights and we refer to resolution 3260 of the Human Rights Council. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Sri Lanka.

Thank you, Madam Vice President, High Commissioner. The Human Rights Council has a wide and demanding global mandate. At a time when the international community faces grave and urgent human rights situations, including armed conflict, humanitarian crisis, displacement and global challenges, the Council should ensure that its work and resources are channeled towards pressing situations. The ongoing UN80 reform process allows reflection on efficiency, prioritization and effective use of resources across the United Nations system. In this context, no Council mandate should be regarded as indefinite. All mandates, particularly country-specific mandates, should be subject to periodic review against defined objectives and measurable outcomes. Where mandates overlap, the Council should actively pursue their consolidation and rationalisation. Sunset clauses and phased-out provisions should be incorporated into country-specific resolutions where appropriate. High Commissioner, We are of the view where a country demonstrates progress through national processes, dialogue, cooperation and technical assistance, there should be a credible pathway to concluding the mandate. The continuation of mandate should be justified by demonstrable need and resource, not institutional perpetuation. Sri Lanka, therefore, encourage a focused, objective and mandate-based approach to country-specific reporting. Thank you very much.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Senegal.

Thank you, Vice-President. Senegal notes the High Commissioner's report and thanks him. In this fractured, unstable world, our commitment to multilateralism and dialogue must be renewed. This is urgent. The only way to overcome our collective challenges. In view of the persistent conflicts and humanitarian crises, Senegal reiterates the obligation strictly to respect international law. Protecting civilians, particularly women and children, is crucial. Human rights are not theoretical. Their full enjoyment requires actions, including eradicating poverty, reducing inequalities, and ensuring access to education, health, and employment. This is what the right to development advocates, and it must continue to guide our work. Capacity building and technical assistance are also crucial. These are tangible levers and the key to the sustainable implementation of human rights rooted in the reality of each nation. Vice-President, promoting human rights, which are inseparable from peace and security, requires a constructive alliance and strong cooperation between states, civil society and the United Nations. To achieve this, we must not impose our differences, nor oppose them. Let us choose inclusive action and favour dialogue. I thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Zimbabwe.

Madam Vice-President, Zimbabwe appreciates the update by the High Commissioner on the global human rights situations. We commend the Office of the High Commissioner for its dedicated and continued efforts towards the promotion and protection of human rights in spite of the current challenging environment. Zimbabwe is concerned by the continued escalation of conflicts around the world. We are equally concerned by the attacks on multilateralism and ever-increasing political, social, and environmental crisis. We underscore the importance of full respect for the human Rights Charter, international human rights law, and international humanitarian law by all parties. We call for a contextual understanding of human rights in the Council, where basic human rights are viewed through the lens of local cultures, histories, and social conditions, rather than applying rigid standards. We reiterate the promotion and protection of human rights are better achieved by going back to the founding principles of impartiality, objectivity, transparency, non-selectivity, non-politicization, and non-confrontation. We call for fair and balanced reporting, essential for maintaining the confidence of Member States and ensuring that the Council continues to serve as a credible forum for the promotion and protection of human rights worldwide. Zimbabwe remains committed and supportive of the Human Rights Council. I thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to the Russian Federation.

Thank you, Vice-President. We thank the High Commissioner for his assessment. We, in turn, would like to draw attention to the situation in the religious sphere in Ukraine. Recently, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia presented a report on the illegal actions of the Kyiv regime against the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, its clergy and its parishioners. This reflects facts and the methodology of the consistent destruction of the country's main confession by the Ukrainian authorities. This is confirmed by numerous proof of discrimination presented in the report, with the establishment of discriminatory legislation, the seizure of thousands of churches, the forced mobilization and abduction of priests, illegal arrests, physical and psychological pressure on them. These processes are accompanied by violations of almost all human rights and freedoms enshrined in the fundamental international human rights instruments, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Human Rights, the Convention against Torture. We urge you to note this report, which is designed once again to testify to the mass violations of the right to freedom of religion and related violations of other human rights and freedoms in Ukraine. I thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Namibia.

Thank you very much, Madam Vice-President. We welcome the High Commissioner's global update and congratulate him for his reappointment. Madam Vice-President, at times it's important to remind ourselves of the fact why this very same Council was exactly established. was precisely created because of the inadequacy of action and responses of its predecessor, namely the Commission on Human Rights, to gross human rights violations in certain specific cases. The Human Rights Council was established to, inter alia, enhance the promotion and protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all people, without distinction of any kind and in a fair and equal manner, as well as to address human rights violations wherever they are perpetrated. Regrettably, we are witnessing a Human Rights Council repeating the same weakness of the Commission in dealing with gross and massive human rights violations. A good case in point is the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara, where the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights has not been able to undertake a technical visit since 2015. This Council cannot afford to turn a blind eye on the human rights situation in Western Sahara. This Council must demand access to the territory by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. It is only through increased transparency and accountability that the human rights situation in Western Sahara can be effectively addressed. I thank you, Madam Vice-President.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Hungary.

Thank you, Madam Vice Chair. We would like to congratulate the High Commissioner on his second term and thank him for his oral update. We would like to reaffirm Hungary's renewed commitment to the protection and promotion of human rights for all, everywhere. Hungary is committed to the strengthening multilateralism and an international security architecture that is transparent. We support the UNHCR. initiative launched by the Secretary General. We also emphasize our commitment to further deepening cooperation with the UN agency headquarters hosted by Hungary. We would like to restore trust in Hungary's image as a reliable multilateral partner. Our country will continue to support the work of the International Court of Justice and of other generally recognized international dispute resolution bodies, and we will promote the universal recognition of the ICJ's jurisdiction. Hungary remains a proud member of the International Criminal Hungary's priorities during the 63rd session of the Human Rights Council will include raising awareness about and preventing reprisals against those who cooperate with the UN and its mechanisms, the protection of human rights of children, women, and persons with disabilities. Concerning the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious, and linguistic minorities, Hungary supports the convening of a World Summit on Minority Issues to discuss how minority protection can become central to the post-2030 agenda. Hungary's support for the Office of the Human Rights Commissioner, as well as our intention for cooperating constructively with the human rights mechanisms, including via the standing invitation for special procedures mandate. Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Botswana.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. Botswana thanks the High Commissioner for the oral update given yesterday. was when it remains deeply concerned by the multiple crises that continue to affect the international community. The escalation of armed conflicts, the persistent disregard for international law, and the emerging risks associated with digital technologies, among other challenges, underscore the need for an effective, well-structured, and genuinely cooperative multilateral response. We remain steadfast in our commitment to multilateralism as the most reliable means of addressing complex global issues. We fully concur with the High Commissioner that lasting peace can only be achieved through dialogue, diplomacy, and the peaceful resolution of disputes. In advancing our contribution to global climate action, Botswana will continue to uphold and implement its obligations under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Paris Agreement, and other relevant environmental and human rights instruments. We firmly believe that climate action must be grounded in equity, justice, and the protection of the most vulnerable, particularly in developing countries. Amid rising humanitarian needs, Botswana stands ready to work with partners to alleviate suffering and uphold human dignity. In this moment of global uncertainty, Botswana will continue to contribute to collective efforts that advance human rights, peace, climate resilience, and our shared humanity. I thank you, Madam Vice President.

I thank you. Next, I give the floor to Greece.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. Greece is a party to the EU statement. As highlighted by the High Commissioner, the human rights situation remains dramatic. The human rights consequences and existential dangers of climate change and the unregulated spread of AI are becoming increasingly obvious. Addressing them is urgent and critical. Greece welcomes and supports the High Commissioner's initiatives in this regard. We remain profoundly concerned about attacks against civilians and other large-scale human rights violations stemming from the continuing Russian invasion of Ukraine. Darfur should be a core priority. All parties must assume their responsibilities and use their influence to ensure an immediate cessation of hostilities and prevent further atrocities. The humanitarian and human rights situation in Lebanon, Gaza, and the West Bank must be urgently and decisively addressed. The only way to ensure peace, stability, and respect for human rights for both the Palestinian and Israeli people remains the two-state solution, dialogue, and reconciliation. Afghanistan, Myanmar, Ethiopia continue to be a source of grave concern, especially for women, children, and religious minorities. We support a Syrian-led transition process to an inclusive society which safeguards the human rights of all Syrians. irrespective of gender, ethnicity, or religion, and ensures accountability for human rights violations. Greece encourages Syria's meaningful engagement with the UN to this end. Madam Vice President, we are at a historic low point for human rights, but we must not give up hope. We must redouble our efforts, work to strengthen the human rights pillar within the UNAD process, and ensure adequate funding for the OHCHR. I thank you.

Thank you very much. I would once more like to remind that speaking time is one minute and 30 seconds. Next, I give the floor to Georgia.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. Russia's illegal occupation and military presence in Georgia's Abkhazia and Tskhinvali regions is a clear manifestation of its aggressive policies towards its neighbours. The ECHR and ICC have consistently reaffirmed Russia's occupation and effective control and its responsibility for human rights violations in Georgia's occupied regions. reiterates its call on the Russian Federation to comply with its international obligations, ensure access for international monitoring mechanisms and fully implement the EU mediated 12 August 2008 ceasefire agreement. Georgia remains committed to the peaceful resolution of the conflict and to ensuring safe, dignified, and voluntary return of its internally displaced persons and refugees to their homes. Russia's aggression against Ukraine represents a blatant violation of international law, which continues to undermine the security architecture in Europe and beyond. Unfortunately, an inaccurate narrative about Georgia continues to circulate at times in the statements delivered in the Council. Such portrayals distort the reality as the internationally recognized progress in such areas as anti-corruption, transparency, open governance, and the rule of law is not duly reflected. Georgia remains committed to constructive engagement and transparent factual communication with its international partners and stay open to engage in a substantive dialogue. Thank you.

I thank you. Next, I give the floor to Sao Tome and Principe.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. Sao Tome and Principe thanks the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and his office for their continued efforts to promote and protect human rights throughout the world. The presentation of the updates takes place against a particularly complex international backdrop, marked by the persistence of armed conflicts, humanitarian crises, and serious human rights violations. These situations underscore the need to strengthen conflict prevention, protect civilian population, and ensure accountability for violation of human rights and international humanitarian law. Madam Vice President, Santhome and Principe attach particular importance to the universal periodic review as an inclusive and constructive mechanism for the promotion and protection of human rights. We are pleased to note that this year our country completes its cycle of presentation and adoption of recommendation in the process that provides an important opportunity for dialogue and reflection on our national commitments. We encourage all states to fully engage in this important mechanism. As a small island developing state, we also recognize the close interlinkage between human rights, sustainable development, climate change, and human security. Saint Thomas and Prince will continue to support dialogue, international cooperation, and multilateralism as essential tools to address the challenge of our times. Thank you, Madam Vice President.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Togo.

Madame Vice-President, my delegation thanks the High Commissioner for the oral update on the human rights situation in the world. Togo shares the concerns expressed in the update, particularly as regards the persistence of armed conflicts, the weakening of multilateralism, the manipulation of migration issues, discrimination and violations of rights affecting people of African descent, and the unequal concentration of global wealth. In this context, my country reaffirms its commitment to the universality of human rights and its determination further to promote them in its territory, while continuing to contribute to peace in the world, which is a guarantee of the effective enjoyment of rights by all. Togo calls for more action to reduce inequalities and injustices, particularly those inherited from the past. On this point, my delegation echoes the adoption on 4th September 2026 by the United Nations General Assembly of the resolution entitled Correct the Map, English, Rebalancing Global Cartographic Representation, Promoting Equitable Representation of the World's Regions, particularly Africa. This important decision now makes it possible better to represent our regions, correct errors of perception, and further promote equality and equity in the light of people and humans' rights. Thank you.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. The delegation of Tunisia rejects the mention in the oral update of the High Commissioner, as well as the interventions of the EU, Switzerland and Canada, on the situation in Tunisia. It stresses that the allegations mentioned in these statements are unfounded. They are politicized and biased, and they are built on inputs that contradict with the reality and the official statements and replied by the Tunisian state. We have the following remarks. First, strangely enough, the oral update of the High Commissioner did not address the reform efforts the Tunisian state is carrying out in order to combat inequality, poverty, employment, combating corruption and monopoly, and to meet the basic needs of the citizens, which are unfortunately problems inherited from political periods that preceded 2001 and were not born today. They have been deepened due to the global economic crisis and the increase in the prices of commodities, as well as the effects of climate change and the exacerbation of drought, especially in the south of the Mediterranean, including Tunisia. Second, we are keen to safeguard the respect of human rights and fundamental freedoms in accordance with our constitution and national legislation, including the right of the civil society activities and the freedom of the media.

We give the floor to South Sudan.

Madam President, South Sudan aligns itself with the African Group and NAM statements, and thank the High Commissioner for his oral update. We reiterate our steadfast position that the ideal way to promote and protect human rights worldwide is through constructive dialogue and cooperation. All parties should abide by the principle of the UN Charter and adhere to the principle of universality, impartiality, objectivity, non-interference in the internal affairs of sovereign states. Country-specific mandates should be established with the consent of the country concerned. South Sudan reaffirms its unwavering support to the One China principle and its sovereign right to choose independently the path for development in accordance with its national condition. Sri Lanka should be encouraged and supported on its efforts to achieve long-term reconciliation through its own process. Peace efforts in Sudan should be supported by all. We are with the view that amid the current challenges faced by the global human rights system, we should uphold multilateralism, pursue efficiency and rationalization of the Council, avails funds for the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Council, and prioritize technical assistance and capacity building for countries in need, including my country, South Sudan. I thank you, Madam Vice-President.

Thank you very much. Next, I give the floor to Lao People's Democratic Republic.

Madam Vice-President, my delegation thanks the High Commissioner for the comprehensive update and congratulates on your reappointment for the second term. We commend the efforts made by the High Commissioner and his office to promote and protect human rights. The Lao PDR would like to join other countries in extending our deepest condolences heartfelt sympathies and unwavering solidarity to the people, believe families and all those affected by the tragic disaster that struck Nepal on 26 August 2026. Mr. Madam President, Vice President, the Laotia also share concern with other states and international community that there are going geopolitical all tensions, economic instability and developmental challenges in the world. These challenges reaffirm the importance of strengthening international solidarity, cooperation and collective efforts to advance and protect human rights for all. Therefore, we call for constructive dialogue and engagement in advancing human rights in the spirit of multilateralism and mutual respect while upholding the principles of impartiality, objectivity, non-selectivity, and non-interference in the internal affairs of other states. In line with the UN Charter, we also reaffirm that Xinjiang, Hong Kong, and Xinjiang-related issues are China's internal affairs. I thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Ukraine.

Madam President, Several weeks now, Ukrainian cities have been living under an almost continuous threat from Russian drone and missile attacks. Day and night, air raid alarms interrupt ordinary life. People wake up to explosions and go to work between alerts. These attacks do more than destroy homes, energy facilities, railways, and other civilian infrastructure. They disrupt the very fabric of civilian life, as Russia is trying to make fear and insecurity part of the daily routine of millions of Ukrainians. 1st September offered a painful reminder of what this means, when Ukrainian children began their new school year not in classrooms, but in bomb shelter. This must never become normal. No child should learn underground because Russia is attacking their cities. No family should plan their days around air raid alerts. Millions of civilians should not live under the constant threat of drones and missiles simply because Russia has chosen to continue its war of aggression. These attacks are not statistic. They are lives interrupted, childhoods stolen, and fundamental human rights violated every single day. We urge this Council to continue calling Russia's violations by the name, demanding accountability, and standing with Ukraine until our people can once again live without fear. I thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Uganda.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. Uganda aligns with the statement of the NAM and Africa Group. We take note of the High Commissioner's oral update. We share the concerns of the High Commissioner on increasing conflicts and wars that continue to claim lives and destroy civilian infrastructure in total disregard of international law and multilateralism. The United Nations was created to restore dialogue, multilateralism, and peaceful negotiations in respect of territorial borders and national sovereignty. The United Nations, including this Council, must remain committed to this. My government firmly remains committed to the respect of international law and multilateralism in accordance with our international obligations and national laws. Additionally, Uganda will continue to prioritize policies and initiatives that empower our people in key areas, including job creation, education, health, food security, shelter, and water. Finally, I wish to reiterate Uganda's commitment to the promotion and protection of human rights and our readiness to to cooperate with the Council and the Office of the High Commissioner. I thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Rwanda.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. Rwanda thanks the High Commissioner for his comprehensive global update and aligns itself to the African Group statement. We meet amid growing and increasingly complex conflicts. Accordingly, Rwanda welcomes the emphasis made on prevention, mediation, early warning and technical cooperation. Sustainable peace requires addressing the root causes of conflict, including poverty, exclusion, weak institutions and denial of fundamental rights through prevention, reconciliation, accountability stability and inclusive development. Rwanda also stresses the need to address emerging challenges, including climate change, disinformation on digital platforms, and the digital divide. These challenges require an effective multilateral collaboration rather than fragmented or politicized responses. In this context, Rwanda denounces the DRC's attempt to politicize the work of this Council and to externalize responsibility for the suffering inflicted upon its citizens and its own actions. The Kinshasa government is responsible for amplifying hate speech. It is responsible for financing armed groups, including the Wazalendo and the FDLR, a UN-sanctioned armed group. Lasting peace requires accountability and genuine commitment to addressing the root causes of conflict. I thank you, Madam Vice-President.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Timor-Leste.

Thank you, Madame Vice-Chair. Timor-Leste thanks the High Commissioner for his oral update. At a time of growing conflict, inequality, and humanitarian crisis, Timor-Leste reaffirms that human rights, peace, and sustainable development are inseparable. We must uphold the universality, individuality, and independence of all human rights and ensure that no one is left behind. Timor-Leste places particular emphasis on the human rights dimensions of climate change and environmental degradation, especially for small islands and developing states. Climate change is not only an environmental challenge. It increasingly affects the enjoyment of fundamental rights, including the rights to life, health, food, water, housing and development. We therefore call for a stronger international cooperation, solidarity and support for countries most vulnerable to these impacts. Technical assistance and capacity building remain essential to strengthen national institutions and advancing the implementation of human rights obligation. Timor-Leste also stresses the importance of protecting civic space and ensuring the meaningful participation of women, children, youth and persons with disabilities in public life and decision making. Timor-Leste reaffirms its commitment to continue to contribute to dialogue, cooperation and mutual learning. I thank you, Madam Chair.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Argentina.

Thank you, Vice-President. According to the High Commissioner, Our country is one of countries where there is inequality and lack of services with corruption, people living in the streets. Five countries out of 193, according to this claim. This is astonishing. We don't understand this because The IMF predicts growth of some 3.5% and poverty has gone down to 28%. There are still some problems, of course, but one thing is to look at the problems and another is to look at countries and not examine the data properly, looking at people on the street. It is preferable to have free citizens rather than silent citizens. There are countries in the region who look at people who protest. And so we recall that the renewed mandate requires a vote. And Argentina has been among the 10. There has been appropriate selection. we have seen. We of course accept criticism, but the data have to be correct and the sources cited, rather than using caricatures.

Next, I give the floor to United Republic of Tanzania.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. The United Republic of Tanzania aligns itself with the African Group and takes note of the High Commissioner's global update. We also congratulate the High Commissioner on his appointment and wish him every success in the discharge of his mandate. Amid increasing conflicts and guided by the principles of our foreign policy, we reaffirm our commitment to multilateralism, dialogue, and the peaceful settlement of disputes. In the same spirit, we reiterate our solidarity with the Palestinian people and our support for their right to self-determination and to an independent state. We equally reaffirm the right of the people of Western Sahara to self-determination in accordance with international law. We strongly believe that human rights, peace and sustainable development are mutually reinforcing and call for international solidarity in advancing the right to development. Nationally, we remain committed to advancing human rights and good governance through continued reforms and stronger institutions. In this spirit, we look forward to our fourth Universal Periodic Review in November as another opportunity for constructive dialogue on our progress, challenges and priorities. The United Republic of Tanzania further remain committed to constructive cooperation with the Office of the High Commissioner and United Nations human rights mechanisms, guided by the principles of universality, objectivity, non-selectivity, dialogue and cooperation with full respect for sovereignty of states. I thank you, Madam Vice-President.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Armenia.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. Armenia congratulates the High Commissioner for the renewal of his mandate and wishes him success. We are thankful also for the detailed update. The international human rights system is evolving in a complex context, marked by geopolitical tension, technological transformation and growing pressures on multilateral co-operation. Consensus is becoming difficult, but our commitment to universal principles is more important than ever before. Prevention must remain at the heart of our collective action. Experience has shown the consequences of a lack of swift action in the face of warning signs. Efficient prevention requires emerging risk factors to be heeded and to protect the vulnerable populations and take action before violations spiral. Digital technology, notably AI, are increasingly influencing the exercise of protection of human rights. and it can amplify discrimination and inequalities. This is why Armenia will present, with the members of a small group, a draft project on promotion and protection of the rights of women and girls in the context of digital technology. Technological development must be firmly anchored in international human rights law. President, an international system in human rights must be efficient and meet the, deal with the violations that we're seeing today and anticipate the risks for tomorrow. Thank you, Madam President.

I give the floor to Maldives.

Madam Vice-President, the Maldives remains committed to advancing human rights through people-centred and inclusive development. We have undertaken focused efforts to strengthen national mechanisms for the implementation and follow-up of human rights obligations, while enhancing protections and opportunities for women, children and persons with disabilities. As a SIDS on the front lines of climate crisis, we continue to advance a rights-based approach to climate action as envisaged in our third Nationally Determined Contribution. The Maldives remains further committed to constructive engagement with OHCHR, treaty bodies and the special procedures of this Council, as demonstrated in the fourth cycle of Universal Periodic Review. Madam Vice President, before concluding, I would like to make the following observations. China remains an important development partner, with our relationship grounded in mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity. We reaffirm our firm commitment to the longstanding one-China policy and our confidence in the continued prosperity of the Chinese people under the principle of one country, two systems. The Maldives also recognizes the progress made by Sri Lanka in advancing national reconciliation and the promotion and protection of human rights. We underscore the importance of continued constructive engagement with OHCHR and human rights mechanisms, complemented by international support. I thank you.

I thank you. That was the last speaker on my list. We shall now turn to the list of speakers for national human rights institutions. and non-governmental organizations. First, I give the floor to Coordination des associations et des particuliers pour la liberté de conscience.

We, along with Human Rights Without Frontiers, are deeply concerned about the violation of international, humanitarian, and human rights law in Sudan and their devastating impact on civilians. We urge urgent action on allegations that the Sudanese army forces use chemical agents France 24 investigation, echoed by Human Rights Watch, documents chlorine attacks near Algerie refinery. These warrants prompt impassion and independent scrutiny. Investigation must preserve evidence, protect witnesses, and establish responsibility. We are also alarmed by the protection situation in El Obeid. Reports indicate restriction of movement, impeded access, and allegations that civilians are prevented from living safely by the Sudanese army forces. These claims require investigations. All parties must guarantee safe passage, facilitate humanitarian access, and respect the civilian characters of homes, hospitals, and schools. We welcome the Security Council recognition of regional peace efforts. External military logistical and financial support that may contribute to violations must face scrutiny. States with influence, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Turkey, should disclose assistance and cooperate with inquiries. The Council must strengthen monitoring and protect civilians and ensure accountability without delay. I thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Midline for Human Rights.

Mr. President, Midline for Human Rights welcomes the continued engagement of the fact-finding mission on the deteriorating human rights situation in Sudan. The suffering of Sudanese civilians is intolerable. Communities in Darfur and elsewhere continue to face killings, displacement, sexual violence, destruction of homes and essential services, arbitrary detention, torture, and obstruction of humanitarian assistance. Recent UN information also documents grave allegations concerning RSF detention facilities and the treatment of civilians in El Fasher. We urge the Council to move beyond condemnation and take concrete preventive action. The Council should strengthen the fact-finding mission's capacity to investigate and preserve evidence, support accountability through the International Criminal Court, expand targeted sanctions against those responsible for atrocities, and address external military and financial support that enables violations. We further call for safe and unhindered humanitarian access and effective protection of civilians. Sudan does not need more statements of concern. Sudan needs decisive international action to protect civilians and end impunity. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to International Muslim Women's Union.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. My organisation urges the Council to address the alarming and gendered human rights situation facing women and girls in Indian-occupied Jammu and Kashmir. According to figures presented by Indian Minister of State for Home Affairs in Parliament, 9,765 females, including 1,148 girls under 18, have been reported missing since 2019. These figures demand an urgent Why are they? The continuing disappearances have intensified fear among families, particularly amid reports of new cases being reported regularly. Women also remain vulnerable of harassment, arbitrary detention, surveillance, and sexual violence, while shrinking civic space further silences those seeking justice. The crisis has also created thousands of half widows, women who whose husbands disappeared and whose fate remains unknown, leaving them in prolonged legal, economic and psychological uncertainty. We urge the High Commissioner to call for an independent investigation into missing women and girls, strengthen monitoring of gender-based violations, protect women human rights defenders, ensure support for half widows, and urgently undertake a dedicated OHCHR report on violations against women and girls in occupied Jammu and Kashmir. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Basu Mai, Thai Yagum Foundation.

you, Madam Vice-President. We thank the High Commissioner and his staff at the Sri Lanka Accountability Project for their work towards accountability for international crimes committed during and after Sri Lanka's civil war. Tamils are grateful for their efforts at bringing to light what Tamils consider genocide, the decades-long effort by the Sri Lankan state to direct violence at the Tamil community to weaken and even destroy Tamil physical, cultural, and economic presence on the island of Sri Lanka. We note that in resolution 30/1, an international role in domestic accountability was mandated by the Council agreed to by Sri Lanka. Since such a justice mechanism with international participation has never been established, High Commissioners began recommending international forms of justice such as universal jurisdiction. Sri Lanka is incapable of prosecuting crimes by itself through purely domestic mechanisms, and unless justice is dispensed, human rights will forever be in danger in Sri Lanka, especially for Tamil and other non-Sinhalese Buddhists. We are disappointed that Member States and others have not taken action based on the High Commissioner's recommendation. recommendations and strongly urge all states to start prosecution in the coming year. We urge member states to take advantage of other international avenues for justice such as the ICJ, the ICC, and a standalone judicial mechanism. Today, we draw attention to the emblematic cases of the mass graves at Chenmay and Manad, which require international attention, and we thank Ana Lorena Delgado Perez of the Working Group on Involuntary or Enforced Disappearances for her visit. Thank you for your time.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Physicians for Human Rights.

Physicians for Human Rights and the Organization for Justice and Accountability in the Horn of Africa express our grave concern at the deepening human rights crisis in Ethiopia, where violence continues to spread across regions nearly four years after the Cessation of Hostilities Agreement in the absence of meaningful justice. THR and OCHA have documented widespread, systematic, and deliberate acts of conflict-related sexual and reproductive violence, including rape, forced pregnancy, and forced witnessing of sexual violence. Health workers in Tigray treated survivors whose attackers expressed intent to destroy their ability to reproduce. Similar patterns of sexual and reproductive violence also occurred in Amhara and Afar, in part fueled by impunity. We have also found that attacks on healthcare continue and have become normalized across conflict settings, implicating every major armed party. Attacks have destroyed and disabled health facilities, stripped systems of critical supplies, harmed health workers, and left patients without access to essential care, just as health systems are weakened further by global health funding cuts. Meanwhile, independent oversight has collapsed. Three years ago, ICRI's mandate was not renewed, and OHCHR has not issued a public report on Ethiopia since 2024. Human rights defenders and health workers who witness these abuses face growing risks in reporting. We urge the High Commissioner to resume regular public reporting on the human rights situation in Ethiopia, and the Human Rights Council must do more to ensure credible human rights monitoring and independent documentation of crimes in Ethiopia. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Promotion du Developpement Economique et Social.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. We thank the High Commissioner for his update and for reaffirming that prevention and effective protection remain at the heart of the international human rights system responsibilities. Experience has shown that the most difficult challenges facing this system are not limited to crises. that command the attention of the international community. They also arise in situations that persist for so long that the exception risks becoming the norm, the prolonged suffering risks gradually becoming perceived as ordinary. In this context, protracted humanitarian situations should not become protection blind spots. While humanitarian assistance remains indispensable, it cannot substitute the safeguards required to protect individual rights, nor independent monitoring, nor effective access to complaint and redress mechanisms. It is for this reason that we would like to draw the attention of the Council to the situation of the population living in the Tandoof camps, where the persistence over several decades of humanitarian and protection concerns call for a shift from the long-term management to effective and sustainable protection. The situation highlights the importance of the responsibility of all relevant parties, each within the scope of their respective obligations and competencies, the host in particular, bears the responsibility to ensure an environment that respects the fundamental rights of persons present on its territory to facilitate their access to complaint mechanisms and to enable cooperation with the UN mechanisms and independent monitoring processes. Thank you, Madam Vice President.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to.

Madam Vice-President, I am addressing you today as a former Sahrawi detainee who suffered enforced disappearance and torture in a Polisario secret centre in Tindouf. I want to draw your attention to the serious deterioration of the human rights situation in the Sahrawi refugee camps, where the Polisario leadership exploits the legal vacuum to commit heinous crimes against those who dare to speak out. We've seen extrajudicial killings, abductions and torture, and exploitation of children. Syrian children in the Tinduf camps have seen their rights violated. They're separated from their families at an early age to be transferred to another country. in order to indoctrinate them with political and cultural principles that are foreign to their culture and religion. They have military training imposed upon them, including the use of firearms and explosives, which has led to the death of many of them in some Latin American countries, where they lost their lives. Sometimes They were buried according to rituals that do not belong to their Islamic religion. So, our children are also exposed in other ways. They are placed in families and so-called holiday camps.

I would like to ask all speakers to deliver their statements in a reasonable pace to allow the interpreters also to do their job. So next, I give the floor to Institut International pour les Droits et le Developpement.

The IILDG presents before you the findings of its report on the UAE role in the Sudanese conflict, based on cross-verification of over 30 reliable sources, a correlation, and a counterfactual analysis. Findings indicate a sustained Emirati role, enabling RSF to maintain military capacity, in clear violation of the arms embargo, the UN Charter, and IHL. Verified arms transfers under humanitarian cover, financial flows, and logistical coordination confirm an organized and continuous system of support. The statistical analysis reveals a strong correlation, as the major RSF-held territory covers gold-producing regions, controlling now 90% of the production, and directly benefiting UAE gold trade, increasingly dependent on Sudanese supply. The counterfactual analysis confirms a causal relationship: when Emirati support was disrupted due to war, RSF performance declined and lost ground. It shows that RSF depends structurally on UAE backing. The volume and quality of verified evidence can no longer be ignored and surpasses any diplomatic denial. We therefore urge the immediate establishment of a UN investigation into the UAE intervention and sustained diplomatic pressure to sever all support channels to the RSF. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Global Sri Lankan Forum, United Kingdom.

Madam Vice President, we raise grave concern over severe and compounding threats facing individual liberty, the rule of law, and vital checks and balances in Sri Lanka. Executive overreach is systematically undermining the foundational value upon which the Republic was built. Political victimization and selective prosecution are evident through targeted arrest of opposition figures like Namal Rajapaksa. This is compounded by the continued detention of former SIS Director Suraj Sali, highlighting persistent gaps in judicial oversight and due process. Such arbitrary detention Practices directly inflame severe prison overcrowding where recent fatal riots expose inhuman conditions threatening all inmates. Systematic risks extend further with the 22nd Constitutional Amendment altering sitting judges' retirement age mid-tenure, compromising judicial independence and interfering with the administration of justice. As warned by the UN Special Rapporteur and the Bar Association of Sri Lanka, this creates executive patronage. The Commonwealth Lawyers Association also noted severe procedural flaws when petitioners were denied full hearing and refusal their right to oral reply. Similarly, Anti-Corruption Act amendments grant the Director General power via certificate to restrict bail, enforcing prolonged pre-trial detention. Ultimately, these cumulative measures pose a direct threat to dissent and freedom of expression, particularly targeting social media journalists. We call upon this Council and the High Commissioner to maintain active oversight over Sri Lanka. Thank you, Madam Vice-President.

thank you next I give the floor to Society for development and Community empowerment

Madam vice president and distinguished members of the council we express our sincere appreciation to the United Nation human rights Council and its human rights mechanism for their continued attention to the murder case of K Armstrong and their concern regarding accountability and the protection of the human rights defender Mr. K Armstrong was a prominent political leader in Tamil Nadu a lawyer a strong advocate for equality social justice and the right of marginalized communities through his legal, political, and community work, he supported disadvantaged communities and created opportunity for the young people and aspiring lawyers. On July 4th, 2024, Mr. Amstang was assassinated in broad daylight in Chennai. His killing raises serious concern not only about the individual criminal responsibility, but also about the safety of a human rights defender, lawyers, and marginalized community. Madam President, accountability must extend to the entire chain of responsibility. The investigation must establish who planned, financed, facilitated, or ordered the assassination including by the credible allegation involving influential political police or any business figures. No one should escape investigation because of political influence, official position or wealth. We appreciate the action taken by the Tamil Nadu State Government, Honorable Chief Minister, Mr. Joseph Vijay, and the PWD Minister, Mr. A. D. Varjuna, in supporting strong action and investigation. We urge the United Nations to continue the monitoring this case and request the relevant special rapporteur and special procedure to closely follow the CBI investigation, ensuring that it remains independent, impartial, and effective. Justice for Mr. Amstrong. Jai Bhim. Thank you, ma'am.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Eastern Horn of Africa Human Rights Defenders Project.

Madam Vice President, we thank the High Commissioner and stress the importance of his global mandate. Through it and OHCHR's inquiries branch, he plays an important role in addressing situations not addressed by the Council. Nowhere is the High Commissioner's voice more strategic. One case in point is Ethiopia. Three years ago, the Council discontinued ICHR's mandate. We reiterate the need to correct that mistake by reinstating a mechanism on Ethiopia. We urge OHCHR to resume its public reporting on the country, where conflicts are raging, the crackdown on civic space is intensifying, and the transitional justice process is stalled. We are deeply concerned about the risk of a renewed conflict in the Horn of Africa. Madam President, the Council's 20th anniversary is an opportunity for reflection. Investigative mechanisms are created, they report on violations, then are discontinued. Often, no follow-up mechanism is mandated. As attacks on multilateralism multiply and double standards fuel cynicism, the question is: what should the Council do to maintain attention to and advance accountability for crimes committed in countries such as Eritrea or Burundi? We know the worst option, giving up and letting crisis slip out of the agenda. We do not know the best, but more than ever, we must make the case for human rights to play a role in solving crisis, ensuring justice, and building sustainable peace. I thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to International Federation on Aging.

President. The International Federation on Ageing welcomes the High Commissioner's oral update and his continued leadership on the human rights of all people. As populations age in every region, older persons must be equally and explicitly protected by the international human rights system. The Human Rights Council's decision to begin elaborating a legally binding instrument on the rights of older persons is a significant step towards closing long-standing gaps in protection. Its value, however, will ultimately be measured by whether it changes the lived experience of older people. This means a strong, comprehensive instrument that addresses age discrimination and ageism, protects autonomy and independence, advances the rights to health and long-term care, and safeguards the right of older persons to participate fully in their communities and societies. It also means ensuring that older persons are meaningfully involved throughout the process. President, we urge the High Commissioner, Member States and civil society to sustain momentum and ambition as this work proceeds. Older persons have waited too long for their rights to be made explicit. The international community now has both the opportunity and the responsibility to ensure those rights are protected for generations to come. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Africa Culture International.

Madam Vice-President, in Africa, the vulnerability of children remains a major concern. More worrying still, there are some initiatives that are presented as humanitarian that can transform this vulnerability into an instrument or a tool to serve political or ideological interests. Africa Culture International would like to draw your attention to the programme that's called Holidays in Peace. This organises every year the displacement of Sahrawi children abroad, principally in Spain, dressed up as a humanitarian holiday. This raises the question of the political instrumentalisation of these children and transparency as to their selection, placement and their hosts. The lack of independent guarantees compels us to examine the risks of exploitation and practices that can also be tantamount to people trafficking. Programmes that are dressed up as humanitarian programmes should not promote breaking away from language, identity, cultural practices and family ties. Africa Culture International calls on the High Commissioner and competent mechanisms to review independently the purpose, operations and guarantees surrounding this programme. Humanitarian action must protect children and not be used as a way of instrumentalising them or erasing their identity. I thank you.

Madam Vice President, we thank the High Commissioner for his update. We remain gravely concerned by the worsening human rights situation in occupied Western Sahara, where Sahrawi civilians, including human rights defenders and journalists, are subjected to surveillance, arbitrary detention, ill-treatment and repression of fundamental freedoms. As noted by the Secretary-General in his report on the situation concerning Western Sahara, the absence of independent, impartial, comprehensive and sustained human rights monitoring to undermine the accurate assessment of development on the ground. The report further notes that the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights has been unable to access Western Sahara despite re-… repeated requests, perpetuating a significant monitoring and protection gap. Recent findings by the United Nations Human Rights Mechanism have further highlighted the importance of accountability and the protection of fundamental rights. Across these cases, violations of the Convention against Torture, including failure to investigate allegations of torture and the use of statements allegedly obtained under torture in criminal proceedings, have been founded. The persistent lack of independent monitoring and the denial of access to UN mechanisms, including your office and special procedures, contribute to an alarming culture of impunity and information blackout. We are equally alarmed by the illegal exploitation of Western Sahara's natural resources in violation of international law and continued forcible displacement and evictions of Sahrawis to benefit the occupier. We urge your office to renew its efforts to gain access to the territory and to reaffirm the rights of the Sahrawi people to self-determination. This is not optional. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Organization for Defending Victims of Violence.

Mr. President, the High Commissioner's report called for peace, respect for human rights, and the international rule of law. Yet the U.S. aggression against Iran stands in stark contrast to these principles. This aggression is a destabilizing, multilayered operation. One layer, military attacks killing civilians, leaders, and commanders. school children, oil and energy infrastructure, and another layer, an economic warfare machine that undermines the human rights of the Iranian people. Rather than advancing peace and international law, the United States has compounded the suffering of civilians through the combined use of military force and economic coercion. The US threatened genocide and total annihilation of Iran. What remained is a strategy of chaos. aimless, global harming, and still burning. Mr. President, we call on the UN High Commissioner to establish an independent UN mechanism to investigate the attacks against civilians and civilian objects, preserve evidence, identify perpetrators, and bring them to justice, especially for the double attack at the Mina Primary School and attack on Lomer's Porthall. The latter killed child athletes and severely injured over 100 civilians, with its 720,000 phosphorus-coated tungsten pellets. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Al-Bashir Foundation for Development. Next, I give the floor to Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. We welcome the High Commissioner's report and its call for robust accountability and institutional reforms in Sri Lanka. The National People's Power government came to office with considerable hope and expectation of a genuine break from the cycles of impunity and repression. Yet, two years on, there has been little meaningful progress on accountability. Apart from limited progress in a few emblematic cases, there has been no progress on others, such as enforced disappearances, the killing of aid workers, and attacks against journalists. Long-standing commitments, including to establish a judicial mechanism with international participation and to implement legal and institutional reforms have also not materialized. Civic space is likewise under pressure. In the north and the east, surveillance and intimidation of journalists, activists, families of the disappeared, and human rights defenders continue. Peaceful protests and memorialization continue to face scrutiny and intimidation. Despite the government's promise to repeal the Draconian Prevention of Terrorism Act, the law continues to be used to arrest and detain people. The proposed NGO registration and supervision bill raises further alarm. Rather than protecting independent civil society, it will expand state control of NGOs. We urge the government to withdraw the bill entirely. The government came to office promising to break with the past. It must now demonstrate that this was a genuine commitment to change. Until these commitments become reality, the Council and the OHCHR must continue scrutiny. I thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to World Evangelical Alliance.

Ladies and gentlemen, the World Evangelical Alliance thanks the High Commissioner and the Human Rights Council for continuing to focus on the urgent human rights situation in Sudan. We remain in regular contact with our national evangelical alliance in Sudan, which reports that the situation has worsened since July, with intensified fighting in Kordofan and a sharp rise in drone attacks affecting civilians, hospitals, markets, and other vital infrastructure. The humanitarian crisis continues to deepen with growing displacement, severe hunger, and major barrier preventing humanitarian aid from reaching affected communities. Churches are providing assistance to the most vulnerable members of their communities, regardless of their religious background. Christian and other marginalized communities in some areas are particularly affected by the conflict. Christians have increasingly come under pressure from armed actors, including reports of the killing and detention of church leaders in the Nuba Mountains. More broadly, the continued rule by force is weakening the rule of law. When armed power becomes the means through which disputes and political or religious differences are dealt with, the institution of justice and the protection of civilians become increasingly fragile. We join the Council in calling for an immediate ceasefire, full respect for international humanitarian law and an increase in humanitarian assistance. Thank you.

Thank you. I have been informed by the Secretariat that there was a technical mistake and we haven't heard from Interfaith International. So please, we play the video now.

Interfaith International appreciates the High Commissioner's report on Sri Lanka, HRC/63/18. For more than three decades, we've covered human rights situations in Africa, Asia and other areas. Disappearances in Sri Lanka are nothing new to this forum. In the late 1990s, Sri Lanka ranked second to Iraq, but current statistics show it now has the highest number of disappearances in the world. With regard to the present exhumation of mass graves in the north in Chemoni, in 1996 Interfaith International along with the Tamil Centre for Human Rights reported the dumping of many bodies in Chemoni to UN forums. We documented details of the disappeared in the Jaffna Peninsula. Interfaith International wonders whether members of the UNHRC find any difference between the genocide that happened in the North and East, especially in Mliviweikhulu, along with the Chemeni mass graves, and the Srebrenica genocide, the culprits of which were indicted by the ICC, sentenced to long-term imprisonment, and the victims received a durable solution. Reports from UN High Commissioners for Human Rights, the Core Group on Sri Lanka, international NGOs and others include calls for the repeal of the Prevention of Terrorism Act, the release of civilian land from the military and the release of political prisoners. Sri Lanka hasn't heeded these calls, nor those of its immediate neighbor India, to hold the long delayed provincial council elections and implement the 13th Amendment. Thank you, Mr. President.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Traditional Medicine and Health Developers Society of the Iranians.

Mr. President, as highlighted by the UN High Commissioner, we are deeply concerned about the global human rights situation and the growing disregard by some states for international law. Recent statements and actions by senior US officials demonstrate this dangerous trend. The US Secretary of War has openly promoted maximum lethality. has stated that he does not need international law, and the US Treasury Secretary described sanctions against Iran as "economic D-Day." Such positions have serious consequences. The United States has continued to impose and intensify unilateral sanctions against Iran, with harmful effects on the enjoyment of fundamental human rights, including access to medicine, food, and other essential needs. This disregard for international law has also contributed to acts for aggression against Iran, resulting in the deaths of thousands of civilians, including school children. We urge the UN High Commissioner to establish a permanent UN-supervised independent redress mechanism for victims of unilateral U.S. sanctions and to request the HRC Advisory Committee to examine the human rights implications of this growing disregard for international law, and develop recommendations on accountability, equal application of the law, and effective remedies for victims. I thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Save the Children International.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. This is a statement on behalf of the Global Coalition to Protect Education from Attack. GCPEA is deeply concerned with trending patterns of attacks on education worldwide. Our recent biannual report identified at least 9,259 attacks on education, harming at least 10,600 students and education personnel in 2024 and 2025. This represents a 50% increase in previous periods. Additionally, the report identified governments and their armed forces as the main perpetrators of such violations. We're also alarmed by the increasing employment of new technologies with little or no human oversight during attacks. At the same time, funding cuts have severely disrupted humanitarian aid and education services in emergencies, while undermining the critical role of monitoring and reporting mechanisms. Attacks on educational facilities and personnel not only endanger lives in the immediate term, but also inflict lasting harm on communities, depriving children, especially girls, of their right to education and safety. In the spirit of the International Day to Protect Education from Attack, we urge states and non-state actors to immediately end all attacks on students, educators, and education facilities, to support national and international accountability mechanisms and to endorse and fully implement the Safe Schools Declaration and to invest in education in emergencies and protect the role of monitoring and reporting mechanisms. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Amnesty International.

Madam Vice President, we thank the High Commissioner for his update. We echo the High Commissioner's concern about the deepening human rights crisis in Tunisia, where political opponents, journalists, lawyers, judges, trade unionists, activists, and human rights defenders continue to face arbitrary arrest and detention, unfair trials, and politically motivated prosecutions amid growing restrictions on civic space and the targeting of civil society organizations. We further echo concerns related to China and reiterate our call for the High Commissioner to provide detailed follow-up reporting on the implementation of recommendations by authorities, particularly those in the 2022 OHCHR report on Xinjiang. Amnesty International welcomes the OHCHR report on Sri Lanka. Following prison clashes in July, family members were not notified of the whereabouts of transferred prisoners for weeks, an alarming sign of the resumption of enforced disappearances in Sri Lanka. Enforced disappearances continue to be a defining feature of impunity, with Tens of thousands of families still waiting for truth and justice. Exhumations from the Semany Mass Grave, where remains corresponding to more than 583 individuals, including children, have been recovered, further underscores the urgent need for credible, independent, and scientifically rigorous investigations. Given the repeated failure of domestic mechanisms to deliver accountability, sustained international engagement remains essential. We call on the Human Rights Council UN Member States to support the OHCHR Sri Lanka Accountability Project and use its resources to advance accountability, including through the principles of universal jurisdiction. Lastly, we call on OHCHR to present clear benchmarks to measure progress on the ground. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Vilaj Uniy.

Thank you, Chair. United Villages thanks the High Commissioner for his global update. However, we are concerned that the update did not adequately address the deteriorating detention situation in Jammu and Kashmir. In July 2026 alone, 3,000 Kashmiris were reportedly taken into custody. By August, regional prisons were holding more than 5,300 inmates against a capacity of only 3,600. Such severe overcrowding raises serious concerns about the prison conditions, access to healthcare, sanitation, and the humane treatment of detainees. More troubling is the growing collapse of public faith in the fairness and impartiality of the judiciary. Consider the case of Yasin Malik. In a single affidavit filed before a court, he simultaneously sought the death penalty for himself while denying any involvement in the alleged crime. Such contradictory statements do not reflect the free exercise of justice; they indicate possible coercion, profound despair, and a complete erosion of confidence in due process. When individuals believe that courts will not protect their rights, the rule of law itself stands on trial. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice scorched is justice destroyed. I thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to People for Equality and Belief in Sri Lanka.

Tamil victims and families of the disappeared have demanded an independent international accountability mechanism for justice and accountability for over a decade. Such a mechanism is essential to breaking Sri Lanka's systemic cycle of impunity. There has been no meaningful justice or accountability for the war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide committed against the Eelam Tamils, while up to 169,796 Tamils remain unaccounted for and presumed dead. The Sri Lankan government demonstrates zero political will to deliver genuine justice, instead establishing ineffective domestic mechanisms, while Tamils continue to face the militarisation and stigmatisation of their homeland. harassment and intimidation from security forces, restrictions on memorialisation and continued use of draconian laws and proposed legislation such as the Prevention of Terrorism Act and the NGO Bill. The discovery of nearly 600 sets of human remains at the Chermeni mass grave in Jaffna, now the largest on the island, further demonstrates the urgent need for an independent international mechanism that can protect evidence and conduct a credible investigation with the faith of the Tamils in the north-east and abroad. The families have waited for answers long enough. We also urge Member States to pursue accountability through universal jurisdiction and other international legal avenues, including the ICC and ICJ, while investigating the Tamil genocide. The political rights of Eelam Tamils, including their right to self-determination, must also be addressed to prevent recurrence. Without justice, accountability, and the recognition of Eelam Tamils' right to self-determination, the island's crisis will persist. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies.

Thank you. We remain deeply concerned about the transitional justice process in Syria. While we welcome efforts to bring some notorious figures of the former regime to trial, these proceedings have so far done little to uncover the truth about past violations or establish meaningful accountability. We are equally concerned that justice remains one-sided, failing to address crimes committed by members or affiliates of the current authorities. Certain provisions of the draft transitional justice law reinforces these concerns. The unequal treatment of victims and perpetrators remains unresolved, creating a system in which some victims appear entitled to justice while others are excluded. Syrian families are left asking whether their participation in the process will generally contribute to establish the truth and determine the fate of the missing or merely reduce them to sources of data. The missing person process still lacks a clear strategy and fails to address practical concerns facing families. including inheritance, property rights, and civil documentation. Selective cooperation with UN actors reflects a political approach resistant to meaningful international engagement at the cost of vital human and financial resources. Genuine coordination and cooperation with the international institutions, including the UN, is essential, including for forensic expertise, data management, and technical support. At CHRS, we urge the Council to press for a rights-based, victim-centered transitional justice framework grounded in sustained coordination with the relevant UN institutions. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Association Paix pour la Lutte contre la Contrainte et l'Injustice.

Thank you. in the Western Sahara, the human rights situation cannot be separated from reality. We note the decision of the Colombian Government to stop recognising the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. We recognise it as a member of the African Union. We continue to recognise Morocco as the occupying power of Western Sahara, just as Israel is the occupying power of Palestine, but our concern goes beyond a When the occupation is normalized, its consequences are also normalized: the silencing of those who denounce, the restriction of access to the territory, and the exclusion of the Sahrawi population from decisions about their own future. The Council cannot simply document these violations after they occur; it must question the structures that allow them to continue. We therefore call on states to ensure independent access to Western Sahara is ensured, to protect Saharawi defenders and fully respect the right of the Saharawi people to self-determination. I thank you.

Thank you. We just heard from Maloka International. The Association Paix pour la Lutte contre la Contrainte et l'Injustice was absent. And I understand that the next speaker will be Réseau Unité pour le Développement de Mauritanie.

Merci, Monsieur le Président. Je souhaite aujourd'hui aborder une... President, I stand before you today to address a grave and systemic violation of children's rights across Africa, from the Sahel and Sahara to Tindouf. In the Sahel region, millions of children are caught in the crossfire of armed conflict. Armed groups, including those affiliated with terrorist groups, are systematically recruiting children as young as 10 into combat operations. The United Nations has documented hundreds of cases of child recruitment, with some 452 children recorded in recent reports. These children are robbed of their education, their health, and their future. At the same time, in the tented camps, the non-state armed group is forcibly recruiting children as young as 12, separating them from their families and subjecting them to military training. 1,000 children are estimated to have been recruited from 1980 to 2022. These camps have been turned into disguised military bases, and those who resist recruitment face severe punishment. This is a flagrant violation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Rome Statute, which classifies child recruitment as a war crime. Mr. President, the international community cannot remain silent. We call on this Council to condemn these practices, demand independent investigations, and ensure the immediate reintegration of these children. The future of our world lies in the hands of our children. We thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to International Commission of Jurists.

Madam Vice-President, In Tunisia, the government has ramped up its crackdown on human rights defenders and associations. This year, Tunisia's Court of Cassation upheld the sentences of up to 45 years against opposition leaders, lawyers and others spuriously charged with conspiracy against state security. The president of the transitional justice commission, Sihem Ben Zedrine, was sentenced to 25 years of imprisonment for her legitimate work. Human rights defender Saadia Mosbah and the Association of Tunisian Magistrates' president, Anas Hamdi, their prison sentences upheld on appeal. Tunisia has suspended or dissolved scores of human rights associations. The ICJ urges member states to call on Tunisia to cease prosecution for political reasons and guarantee freedom of association and expression. In El Salvador, Widespread and systematic arbitrary detention takes place under the state of exception enforced since 2022. Over 93,000 people have been arbitrarily deprived of liberty, many without warrant, under a system of police arrest quotas and without access to legal counsel or their families. Many of these detainees have been subjected to enforced disappearance. The state authorities have neither acknowledged nor investigated some 400 allegedly unlawful deaths in custody credibly documented. Mass trials of thousands of defendants under a single case file constitute systematic denial of the right to a fair trial. ICJ and Cristosal call on this Council, its special procedures, and the OHCHR to effectively address this collapse of the rule of law in El Salvador. I thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Human Rights Watch.

Seventeen years since Sri Lanka's civil war, the High Commissioner's update describes a failure to provide truth to victims or hold those responsible to account. Our latest report finds systematic impunity for grave international crimes and ongoing threats and surveillance by security agencies of victims and activists who campaign for justice. Sri Lanka's government pledged to seek justice for past rights violations, but there's been limited progress on a small number of investigations. The mass grave at Chimney has been excavated, yet none of the remains have been identified. In most other cases, there's been no progress at all. Nor has the government fulfilled promises to repeal abusive legislation or establish an independent prosecutor. The Sri Lanka Accountability Project and engagement of this council remain essential to preserve a path to justice. In Tunisia, a slide back into authoritarianism has hardened into systematic repression of civic space. The crackdown on the opposition, civil society, and independent media continues unabated with arbitrary arrests, detentions, criminal investigations, and mass suspensions of associations. The government's attacks on the judiciary have dismantled its independence, creating a justice system under executive influence. Countries continue to provide financial support to Tunisia for migration control with little to no accountability, while migrants and refugees face widespread and serious violations by security forces, including arbitrary arrests and detention, collective expulsions, ill-treatment, torture, and sexual violence. We call on this Council to do more to prevent further deterioration of rights in Tunisia. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Plan International. They are apparently absent. So next I give the floor to the Inclusivity Project.

High Commissioner, greetings from the Global Forum of Communities Discriminated on Work and Descent. We thank you for your continued work on the 330 million individuals exposed to discrimination based on intergenerational exclusions. often leading to contemporary forms of slavery across the continents. Your office has worked diligently in the last years to fill this gap by reinforcing regional and thematic coordination and dialoguing for the states' adequate attention at country offices. Even though this phenomena is recognized in the Article 1 of ICERD, It has only recently gained international attention. It is encouraging to note that the Committee for Elimination of Racial Discrimination has officially started discussing a new general recommendation dedicated to CDWD. Through the UPR, there is a growing state practice on both making and accepting recommendations on communities discriminated on work and descent. There is also a growing recognition of CDWD through the several special rapporteurs and treaty bodies. We encourage your office to continue this fruitful partnership. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Madra.

Distinguished delegates, five years after the Taliban seized power, the world is facing one of the most severe human rights crises of our time: the systematic violence inflicted on Afghanistan women and girls. This is not a temporary emergency, according to UNSR Richard Bennett. The ICC charged the Taliban with crimes against humanity, including gender persecution, and this system also amounts to gender apartheid. The Taliban have stripped women and girls of their rights to education, movement, work, and freedom from GBV. The result is a country where no space is safe women and girls, least of all, their own homes. The Guardian and Sun Times jointly documented 231 femicide across Afghanistan between August 2021 and 2026. 165 of the victims were housewives with no independent income, leaving them with nowhere to flee. Many deaths officially recorded as suicide were, in fact, the outcome of domestic violences. This violence is the product of deliberate policy. This year, the Taliban abolished the minimum marriage age for the girls, treating a girl's silence at puberty as consent to marry, one of over 470 decrees issued since 2021. Based on this evidence, we call on Member States to formally recognise gender apartheid as a crime under international law. Referendum from inviting Taliban representatives to official international forums, especially to the EU, which hold political recognition of the Taliban. Today, Afghanistan women feel forgotten, betrayed and abandoned, and our silence in the face of systematic oppression only prolongs it. I thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Action for Development. They are absent, so we move on. And next, I give the floor to Harm Reduction International.

Mr. President, we reiterate the broad range of human rights concerns in Sri Lanka highlighted by the High Commissioner and express disappointment and concern about the current government's continuation of the regressive drug control policies and actions of previous governments. The failure to engage with experts on human rights-based interventions to address the drug issue and adopt evidence-based progressive laws and policies that have been proven to have a positive impact in other countries will exacerbate drug dependence and related issues in Sri Lanka. Continuing arrests of persons who use drugs has resulted in prison overcrowding and violence in prisons such as Ednegambe and Maharaja prisons. The lack of adequate, accessible, voluntary, evidence-based treatment options is particularly concerning when coupled with the continued existence of compulsory drug treatment centres, some of which are managed by the Sri Lankan military, where people have been documented to suffer physical and psychological violence, inhuman conditions of detention, and lack of evidence-based treatment. These violations are enabled and exacerbated by laws that contravene international human rights standards. Mr. President, we urge the Government of Sri Lanka to adopt a human rights and health-centered approach to drug laws and policies, abide by a zero-tolerance policy on torture, investigate all deaths in custody, and ensure those found responsible are held accountable. I thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Vivat International.

Madam Vice-President, Vivat International and the Centre for Society and Religion Sri Lanka alert the Council of the continuing human rights and accountability concerns post 2019 Easter Sunday attacks in Sri Lanka. Key reports on the attacks remain partially disclosed, hindering truth, accountability and justice. All committee and commission reports suggest that organized conspiracy aided the attack by the Zahran Hashim group. The Malagoda Committee reveals that the Counter-Terrorism Division had not sent the complete files regarding Zahran to the Attorney General's Department. Presidential Commission and the Select Committee also revealed that military intelligence monitored the bombers and security forces engaged certain high-level members of the group as informants. We ask the Council to urge the Sri Lankan government to make the full findings of all the reports of the investigative commissions publicly available and fully implement the recommendations of the Presidential Commission of Inquiry and Parliamentary Select Committee on the attack. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Human Rights Research League.

Thank you, Mr. President. Human Rights Research League is gravely concerned about the staggering number of executions in Iran. As has been the case since the coming to power of the Islamic Republic of Iran, ethnic minorities such as Baluch and Kurds are disproportionately often killed. Since the nationwide uprising in January 2026, the number of political executions has increased substantially. More than 40 people have been executed in connection with the uprising on false accusations of espionage or enmity against God. A great number of the political prisoners executed and currently on death row are affiliated with the resistance movement Mojaddin-e Khalq. Nevertheless, the courageous people of Iran from all backgrounds are standing in solidarity with each other in the face of oppression. Every Tuesday, political prisoners take the lead in a nationwide campaign against executions. The campaign, known as Tuesdays Against Executions, has since its start in 2024 expanded to 62 prisons all over the country, where inmates go on hunger strike and demand a halt to all executions in Iran. Human Rights Research League urges this Council to keep in mind the main victims of external warfare and domestic oppression are the people of Iran, whose plight must not be overlooked in the corridors of power, where nuclear deals are contested and truces brokered. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to International Service for Human Rights.

Madam Vice-President, Speaking before you today carries real risks. I live with credible fear of surveillance, harassment, and abduction because of my advocacy. My name is Carmen Lau. I am one of the 19 exiled Hong Kongers targeted by a million-dollar bounty. While some speakers recently used this Chamber to hypocritically lecture democratic nations, they hide the transnational terror their governments export. For me, it's deeply personal and violence. In the UK, my neighbors received letters with sexually explicit AI defects of me and urged them to turn me in to the Chinese embassy. I endure constant online harassment and rape threats intended to silence me. Cruelly, they even target our families. My fellow activist Anna Kock's father was jailed simply because he's her father. We urge the High Commissioner and member states to condemn these acts through concrete action and call for an end to the extraterritorial weaponization of the Hong Kong's national security law. States must protect targeted defenders, investigate transnational repression, and refuse spurious extradition requests. China is extending its authoritarian repression into your sovereign soil. States must act now so Beijing cannot perpetrate it across border with impunity. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Organisation pour la Communication en Afrique et de Promotion de la Cooperation Economique Internationale.

Thank you, Vice-President. In Africa, children continue to bear the brunt of conflict, instability and cross-border crime. In Cameroon, recruitment, abduction and exploitation of children by armed groups illustrates a very worrying reality. Children are taken from their family environment and exposed to violence, indoctrination and various forms of exploitation. This threat transcends national borders, from the Sahel to the Sahara. The presence and activity of armed groups is a persistent risk to children, including recruitment, military use and ideological instrumentalization. Our organization also wishes to draw attention to certain initiatives presented as humanitarian. The program Vacaciones en Paz, which organizes the annual movement of Sahrawi children abroad, mainly to Spain, deserves particular vigilance in this regard. Beyond its stated purpose, It is essential to ensure that such displacement does not give rise to any form of exploitation, political instrumentalisation or infringement of children's identity and cultural rights. OCAPRO's International Human Rights in Africa calls on the Office of the High Commissioner and the relevant mechanisms to strengthen the monitoring of the recruitment, displacement and exploitation of children by armed groups, particularly in the Sahel, Saharan areas, no political or military cause can justify the child.

Next, I give the floor to Franciscans International for a joint statement.

I am Sr. Mary Suthijaja Iman, a Good Shepherd Sister and a human rights defender, advocating for justice and accountability for the victims of the 2019 Easter Sunday attacks. I call upon the Government of Sri Lanka to ensure truth, justice and accountability for all victims and their families. The reports of committees and commissions appointed to uncover the truth have suggested that this attack was not merely an act by Zahran Hashim's group, but that it has characteristics of an organised conspiracy that goes beyond that. Nearly two years into Mr. Anuruddha Senayaka's presidency, information concerning allegations raised in the Channel 4 documentary is before the Colombo Magistrates' Court in Case No. B.35/882/2024. Investigations are reportedly progressing into alleged links to former Director of State Intelligence Services, Suresh Saleh, who has been detained, and into a former state minister. A complaint was lodged regarding alleged attempts to influence the Easter Sunday investigation through public statements, intimidating complainants, witnesses, and prosecuting officials by a lawyer who met the third suspect while in detention in relation to Case B35/882/2024. Franciscans International and the Centre for Society and Religion urged the Sri Lankan government to effectively protect victims, witnesses, investigators, human rights defenders, and others who face risks for seeking truth, justice, and accountability. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Partners for Transparency.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. We thank the High Commissioner for his oral update. and stress the importance of promoting and protecting all human rights in a fair and equitable manner, ensuring selectivity and ensuring accountability for violations without exception. The Council Partners Foundation urges the Council to take a decisive stance against the grave violations committed by the Rapid Support Forces against civilians in Sudan in light of a systematic policy that targets civilians inside their homes and forces them to displace. For example, on August 14, 2026, the Rapid Support Forces attacked the town of Umm Arda, located about 25 kilometers southwest of Al-Obeid, killing 18 civilians and injuring 17 others and displacing more than 300 families towards the city of Al-Obeid, which already host nearly 1.3 million displaced. This has led to the transformation of safe cities into overcrowded havens, and there is an increasing humanitarian burden. Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to International Bar Association.

The IBA's Human Rights Institute, the IBA, is highly concerned about the persistent impunity for international crimes globally, including those committed in Sudan in the current conflict, which began in April 2023, or the genocide in Darfur from two decades ago. The atrocities perpetrated in Sudan amounts to international crimes, whether war crimes, crimes against humanity, or genocide. All perpetrators of such crimes must be investigated and prosecuted. As this is not being done on the domestic level in Sudan, it is key to explore how victim survivors can seek justice elsewhere, including under the principle of universal jurisdiction. The situation in Darfur is subject to the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court, ICC. However, the ICC has a very limited jurisdiction concerning the current conflict, as it involves atrocity crimes spread across the wider Sudan. They bar calls on this council to extend the mandate of the fact-finding mission and enhance its capacity with adequate resources for investigations and assisting prosecutions. Support a UN Security Council referral of the situation in all of Sudan to the ICC. Explore all other avenues to advance justice and accountability for victim survivors of all crimes committed in Sudan, including through universal jurisdiction, and systematically apply the UN framework of analysis for atrocity crimes to ensure the emerging risks I immediately brought to the Council's attention. I thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to SHIN Human Rights Organization. I'm told they are absent, so we move on. Next, I give the floor to International Federation for Human Rights Leagues.

Madam Vice President, in Kazakhstan, ILY Foundation receives news every day of the persecution and arrest of those who are critical inclined and voice discontent with the government. Whether they are activists or human rights defenders, journalists or artists, all of them are under pressure. Restrictive regimes consider the promotion of international human rights law and its obligations as a threat. When the human rights system is weakening, civic space is shrinking. Restrictive policies undermine international law and the fabrics of civil society. Law and justice everywhere must be supported and promoted by the authorities of UN member states still adhering to the rule of law. The new concept of film for law not only offers an effective way to raise awareness for human rights, but strengthens them from the bottom up. ILA and its partners believe visualizing international law impartially is one of the most efficient tools to end impunity, address human rights violations, and protect civil society while having educational impact. We call on all stakeholders to recognize the essential contributions in which art can bring about informed We appeal to the authorities to help promote international laws for film and to value it as an opportunity rather than as an obstacle. I thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to World Muslim Congress.

Mr. Vice President, the World Muslim Congress commends the High Commissioner and his office for their continued commitment to human rights worldwide. We are deeply concerned about funding cuts and budgetary constraints affecting the office. These shortages weaken its capacity for monitoring, documentation, and reporting of violations. We urge Member States to provide predictable and adequate financing so the office can effectively fulfill its mandate. We remain gravely concerned about the human rights situation in Indian-occupied Jammu and Kashmir. Since August 2019, fundamental freedoms have been severely restricted, including through arbitrary detentions, restrictions on expression, and measures affecting the region's identity and demographic character. We are particularly concerned about the persecution and prolonged detention of Kashmiri leaders, including Mohammad Yasin Malik and Asia Andrabi. We call upon the High Commissioner to continue close monitoring, seek unhindered access to the region, and keep this Council regularly informed. The international community must ensure accountability, protect the fundamental rights of the Kashmiri people, and uphold their inalienable right to self-determination in accordance with relevant UN resolutions. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Associazione Comunita Papa Giovanni.

Madam Vice President, December 2026 will mark the fourth anniversary of the adoption of the UN Declaration on the Right to Development by the General Assembly. Yet, such a right, despite its significance, has not received the attention and recognition it deserves in international law. The declaration was a landmark achievement that formally codified development, not as mere charity or economic expansion, but as an alienable human right. The declaration represents a blueprint for global justice, structural reforms, and the protection of human dignity. Nowadays, in our world in turmoil and amidst compounded global polycrisis, such unprecedented climate changes, systemic debt distress, mounting geopolitical fragmentation, arising conflicts, widening digital divides, and soaring inequality, it is urgent to advance towards the objective of the 1986 Declaration. The declaration remains significantly relevant for all countries, but the current global architecture continues to perpetuate structural asymmetries that systematically deprive developing nations and marginalized populations of the right to self-determined development. Therefore, we urge the Member States to adopt the draft International Covenant on the Right to Development still pending in New York, and ask OHCHR to continue mainstreaming the right to development. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Lawyers Rights Watch Canada.

Mr. President, Lawyers Rights Watch Canada and the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute note with grave concern that the OHCHR report on Sri Lanka demonstrates a continued lack of meaningful progress towards justice and accountability for survivors of atrocity crimes committed in Sri Lanka. The ongoing excavation of the Trinimi mass grave site underscores the urgency for credible investigations and accountability. To date, 583 skeletal remains have been uncovered, including those of infants and children. During a visit to the site in June 2025, the High Commissioner emphasized the need for transparent and robust investigations by independent forensic experts. International human rights organizations have urged Sri Lanka to comply with international standards, including the Minnesota Protocol, involve independent international forensic observers, and ensure a victim-centered process. Yet, the Human Rights Commission of Sri Lanka has documented continued surveillance, intimidation, and harassment of human rights and family members monitoring the excavation. We deplore Sri Lanka's lack of demonstrable commitment to justice despite the accountability project and other council resolutions. We call on the High Commissioner and this council to urge the government of Sri Lanka to fully cooperate with the project and facilitate the collection and preservation of evidence for potential criminal proceedings before domestic, foreign, or international courts. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Association Tendral for a joint statement.

President, 17 years after the end of Sri Lankan armed conflict, Tamils in North East continue to live under military occupation, surveillance and structural discrimination. This report confirms what our communities have been saying for years: land seized by the military remains unreturned, Hindu religious sites face encroachments, including a proposed military land installation at Thirukoneswaram, and human rights defenders, especially women, are routinely intimidated by CID and TID officers for engaging with UN mechanisms. the exhumations have uncovered remains of over 477 individuals, including children, stark evidence of atrocities never investigated. The Office on Missing Persons remains ineffective, offering families no truth. Conflict-related sexual violence remains unacknowledged. We are clear: domestic mechanisms have failed and will continue to fail without independent international oversight. We, therefore, call on the Council Refer the situation in Sri Lanka to the International Criminal Court through Security Council actions or universal jurisdiction pathway. Establish a country-specific special rapporteur in Sri Lanka, mandated to monitor militarization, land occupations, disappearances, and reprisals against Tamil victims and civil society. Justice delayed to Eelam Tamils have become justice denied. We urge Member States to act now. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Strengthening Global Human Rights Defence.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. With profound respect for the High Commissioner for Human Rights and with a deep sense of responsibility towards the victims and the survivors of the grave human rights violations committed during and in the aftermath of the armed conflict in Sri Lanka, we are concerned that the current report, A/HRC/63/18, does not reflect the High Commissioner's previous leadership in advancing accountability, truth, justice, reparations, and guarantees of non-recurrence emphasized in AHRC 5719 in 2024 and AHRC 6021 in 2025. While we welcome the High Commissioner's recognition of the NPP government's actions concerning the Easter Sunday attacks, the catastrophic cyclone, and the spillover effects of armed conflict in Western Asia, we're deeply concerned that accountability of alleged war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide committed by the Sri Lankan state and its armed force appears to have been deprioritized. The OHCHR Sri Lanka Accountability Project has reportedly preserved more than 123,000 items of information originating from over 500 witnesses and sources. More than 17 years after the end of the civil war, And following decades of entrenched and oppressive rules, there has been little tangible progress by the NPP government towards resolving Sri Lanka's longstanding ethnic conflict. Against this backdrop, the High Commissioner's decision not to recommend consideration--

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Al-Hakim Foundation.

We are not speaking about violations of human rights, but a mechanism to ensure that we can prevent violations in occupied Sahara. This mechanism is not as remain closed to the Office of the High Commission for Human Rights, to international observers and journalists. 11 years of absence of any independent monitoring does not mean a lack of violation, but rather victims being isolated. What is even more worrying is that the UN mission for the referendum in Western Sahara continues to operate without a dedicated human rights mandate. This means that we're seeing arbitrary arrests and acts of reprisals against those cooperating with the UN. This should not be normalized. Independent monitoring should not be politics, but a way of preventing victimization of civilians. We call on the Council to plug this gap with an independent standing mechanism to establish the facts. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Community Human Rights and Advocacy Centre.

Thank you. Madam Vice-President, we welcome the oral update of the High Commissioner and urge this Council to confront a fundamental question. What becomes of human rights when scrutiny is restricted, voices are silenced, and accountability is repeatedly deferred? This question is particularly urgent in Indian-occupied Jammu and Kashmir. 2018 and 2019 reports of OHCHR documented serious concerns regarding fundamental freedoms, accountability, and access to justice. These concerns cannot simply be acknowledged and then forgotten. They require sustained monitoring, international scrutiny, and action. Today, repression increasingly extends beyond detentions and prosecution into the institutional and civic spheres. The dismissal of government employees without transparent and meaningful due process raises grave concerns regarding arbitrary deprivation of livelihood, discrimination and politicization of political institutions. When independent voices are silenced, accountability is silenced with them. Madam Chair, without access there can be no credible scrutiny. Without scrutiny, violations remain concealed and Without accountability, impunity prevails. We therefore call upon the Council to secure unhindered access to IoK, strengthen independent monitoring, engage directly with victims and civil society, and issue a comprehensive third report on Jammu and Kashmir. The credibility of this Council is measured not by the concerns it records, but by the injustices it refuses to ignore. I thank you for your attention, please.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to International Action for Peace and Sustainable Development.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. We thank the High Commissioner for his oral update and urge continued scrutiny of the human rights situation in Indian-occupied Jammu and Kashmir. The 2018 OHCHR report documented grave violations, while its 2019 follow-up report highlighted the continuing need for accountability. The cases before us today demonstrate why that concern remains urgent. The release of human rights defender Khurram Parvez and journalist Irfan Meheraj on bail is welcome. However, reports that they remain under surveillance and restrictions raise concerns that their release has become another form of intimidation. We are equally alarmed by the continued imprisonment and prosecution of Kashmiri political leader Yasin Malik. His prolonged incarceration and ongoing proceedings raise concerns regarding due process and the criminalization of political expression. We urge the High Commissioner to intensify monitoring of these cases, demand impartial scrutiny, and call on India to uphold due process, end judicial harassment, and ensure accountability. The Council must ensure that the concerns documented by OHCHR don't remain unanswered. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Etudiant pour une Societe Durable, Paris.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. We speak on behalf of Eelam Tamils in Sri Lanka. The report before you makes two recommendations that cannot carry the weight placed on them. Recommendation 62i invites Sri Lanka to consider a special judicial mechanism. Victims have been offered this before. Commissions of inquiry, the LLRC, a hybrid court promised and repudiated, and an office on missing persons that has not clarified the fate of a single enforced disappeared person to date. Another domestic mechanism is not accountability, it is deferral. Recommendation 62K urges accession to the Rome Statute. We support accession, but it cannot address crimes committed before July 2002. That accountability gap requires a special international tribunal. Mass graves like Germany demonstrate why. Almost 600 sets of human remains, including children and infants, yet this report does not once use the words genocide or intent. Tamil stakeholders have repeatedly asked this Council to investigate and document genocidal intent. We therefore urge an upgraded country-specific resolution under item 4 mandating an independent international investigation into genocidal intent across the temporal scope of the Genocide Convention and a country-specific special rapporteur on Sri Lanka to monitor militarization, land occupation, and reprisals against Tamil communities. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Association pour la Diffusion des Droits de l'Homme de l'Universite de Lyon for a joint statement.

Thank you, Chair. Eelam Tamils who continue to live under military occupation in North and East, 17 years after the end of Sri Lanka's genocidal war against Eelam Tamils. We partially welcome the High Commissioner's report. as it documents continued militarization, surveillance, land seizures, and suppression of memorializations in our homeland. However, the report falls far short of naming the reality our people live: an ongoing genocide against the Eelam Tamil nation. The occupation persists through military held lands in Valigama, Kerepaplavu and across the north east. Through desecration and appropriation of Hindu sites, through singling out of demography and place, through surveillance, intimidation and reprisals against survivors. Mothers of the disappeared and memorial gatherings, these are not isolated abuses. They are the continuation of a genocidal process aimed at erasing Eelam Tamils as a people, our land, language and identity. 17 years of Council resolutions have not delivered truth or justice. Democratic domestic mechanisms, the OMP, the courts, the special trial at bar, have failed to deliver for our people and cannot be trusted to do so. We therefore call on this Council to, first, refer the situation of Sri Lanka to the International Criminal Court; second, appoint a country-specific special rapporteur on Sri Lanka, mandated to monitor occupation. Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Forum Mediterranee pour la promotion des droits du citoyen. I'm told that they are absent, so we move on. And next, I give the floor to Association Humanitaire Franco-Srilankaise for a joint statement.

Vice President, the Association Humanitaire Franco-Sri Lanka speaks today for the Eelam Tamil people who continue to live under the military occupation in their historic homeland in the north and east. 17 years after the end of the armed conflict, thousands of acres remain seized by the Sri Lankan military. Sacred sites are being altered to erase Tamil and Hindu heritage, and the families of the disappeared are survived for simply seeking truth. The discovery of over 583 sets of skeletal remains, including children at the Chemani Setupathi site, is not an isolated tragedy. It is a physical evidence of the sustained campaign to destroy the Elam Tamil nation in all or in part. We call this what is genocide. We therefore urge this Council to refer the situation in Sri Lanka to the International Criminal Court for the crime of genocide against Eelam Tamils. Appoint a country-specific Special Rapporteur on Sri Lanka, mandated to monitor occupation, land seizure, and demographic change in the North-East. Strengthen and internationalize the Office of Missing Persons and granting it independent investigative authority, free of executive interference. ensure Hechkumish, Cheminee, and all related sites proceed under the Minnesota Protocol with full international forensic oversight and diplomatic observation. Madam President, the Elem Tamil people cannot wait another generation for justice. We ask this Council to act. Thank you.

Thank you. Next, I give the floor to Matt for Peace, Development, and Human Rights Association.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. The current military developments in the Middle East warn of making the area a fireball, since the international community cannot put pressure on the Israeli occupation to stop aggression in the OPT. The Israeli occupied authorities in August 26 declared a tender to build over 1,000 200 housing unit within the E1 settlement. The Israeli defense minister also spoke of plans that are ready to forcibly displace Palestinians from Gaza. This is in clear disregard of the international community. In Syria, the Israeli occupation forces have done incursions with the support of aircraft, and this we have seen in August and September. And we see that the Israeli occupation forces continue to target civilians. We call on the Council and all states to use all measures to put pressure to bear on the Israeli occupation authorities to stop the policy of settlements. And we call to put pressure on the occupation forces to fully withdraw from South Lebanon. Thank you.

Next, I give the floor to Organisation internationale pour les pays les moins avancés. And I'm told that they are absent, so we move on. And I give the floor to Réseau ensemble contre la torture en Mauritanie. They are also absent, so we move on and we give the floor to Agence internationale pour le développement. They are also absent, so we move on and I give the floor to Society for Threatened Peoples.

Mr. President, I'm speaking on behalf of the Society for Threatened Peoples. We thank the High Commissioner for his oral update. We recently marked the fourth anniversary of the assessment published by the Office on the human rights situation in the Uyghur region on 31 August 2022. The assessment concluded that the extent of arbitrary and discriminatory detention of Uyghurs and other predominantly Muslim groups may amount to crimes against humanity. As we enter the tenth year since China launched its mass internment campaign in the Uyghur region, serious violations persist and coercive policies have become further institutionalized. UN experts have warned of a pattern of alleged state-imposed forced labor, noting that the Uyghur region's 2021-2025 five-year plan projected 13.75 million cases of forced labor transfers. The ILO Committee of Experts further noted reports that coercive labor transfer programs accelerated in 2024 and reached record levels in the Uyghur region. And on July 1st, the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress came into force, further institutionalizing assimilationist policies and raising concerns for the linguistic, cultural, and religious rights of the Uyghurs, Tibetans, ******* and other communities. We therefore urge Member States and this Council to coordinate towards concrete accountability measures and meaningful avenues for justice and remedy for victims of crimes against humanity and other atrocity crimes. Thank you.

Thank you. This is the last speaker we could accommodate. With this last intervention, we have concluded the general debate on item 2. We shall now continue to hear statements in exercise of right of reply pertaining to the statements under agenda item 2. And first, I will give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United Republic of Tanzania. You have three minutes.

Thank you. Thank you, Madam Vice President. Following the statement delivered by the European Union earlier today, which made reference to the United Republic of Tanzania, we wish to state that Tanzania remains firmly committed to accountability and national reconciliation and that concrete measures are already being implemented. The first presidential commission of inquiry completed its work and submitted its findings and recommendations. Following these recommendations, a criminal investigation commission was established. It is now carrying out further investigations to identify those responsible for the violence and ensure accountability. We greatly value our long-standing partnership with the European Union and the constructive dialogue that has characterized our relations. It is therefore in a spirit of friendship and mutual respect that we express our concern that the language used appears unnecessarily prescriptive and does not adequately recognize the concrete steps already taken and those currently underway. We emphasize that such prescriptive language is particularly regrettable under these circumstances, especially given our history and in the context of our long-standing relations and when directed at a sovereign state. It is in the same spirit of partnership that we, the United Republic of Tanzania, encourage continued engagement and stronger relations with all our long-standing partners, including the European Union, based on mutual respect, trust and with due regard to our sovereignty and national ownership of these processes. I thank you, Madam Vice-President.

Thank you. Now, I will give the floor to Rwanda to equally exercise the right of reply.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. Rwanda takes the floor to address one of the DRC's repeated attempts to reduce a three-decade complex crisis in the eastern DRC to allegations against Rwanda. The DRC government is purposefully politicizing the Council to obscure its own responsibilities. The conflict in the eastern DRC is rooted in the persistence of armed groups, including the DRC-backed FDLR, a genocidal militia formed from elements responsible for the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda. It's also persisting of intercommunal tensions and repeated failures to implement existing peace commitments, including the neutralization of the said FDLR. The DRC government instead has prioritized to militarize the conflict rather than address the crisis and its root causes. In this regard, it is important to remind the August Assembly that the UN reports have documented the DRC's use of Wazalendo armed groups and the Congolese army, FRDC's collaboration with the FDLR. Additionally, the DRC has also enlisted foreign mercenaries in total violation of the African Union and UN conventions that prohibit the use of mercenaries. The DRC must end the hate speech and incitement to violence targeted Congolese Tutsi communities, including the Banyamulenge, and hold perpetrators accountable. In closing, Madam Vice President, Rwanda is committed to constructive engagement with all relevant partners. As we mentioned earlier, lasting peace will be achieved through accountability, implementation of commitments, and genuine cooperation. We thank you for your kind attention.

Thank you. Next state that has requested to exercise the right of reply is India. Please, you have the floor.

Madam Vice President, We take the floor today to respond to remarks made by Pakistan and the OIC. Pakistan's repeated misuse of this Council and its role as OIC coordinator to advance its own political interests is now a familiar pattern. We categorically reject them. However, we would like to make a few points. Jammu and Kashmir was, is, and will always remain an integral and inalienable part of India. In fact, the only outstanding dispute regarding this region is the illegal occupation of Indian territories by Pakistan. We call upon Pakistan to vacate these areas which remain under its forcible occupation. It takes extraordinary audacity for Pakistan to deliver its ritualistic sermons on human rights in this Council, when its own brutal suppression and killing of innocent civilians in Pakistan-occupied Jammu and Kashmir are there for the world to see. Madam Vice-President, While India is advancing through investment in roads, infrastructure, industry and social development, Pakistan has perfected a rather different model of infrastructure terror infrastructure. with launch pads, training camps, financing networks, and above all, an elaborate machinery of denial. And as the anniversary of 9/11 approaches, let me remind this Council that the world's most wanted terrorist, Osama bin Laden, was discovered not in some remote cave, but living comfortably in Abbottabad, in the shadow of Pakistan's premier military academy. One could almost mistake it for Pakistan's most discreet state guest accommodation. Perhaps, had Pakistan invested in economic development and productive industries instead of funding terrorist infrastructure, it might have had far less need to repeatedly turn to the IMF for bailouts. Madam Vice President, the Indus Waters Treaty was concluded in 1960 in a spirit of goodwill and friendship, as its preamble makes clear. But goodwill cannot be one way, and cooperation cannot coexist indefinitely with relentless cross-border terrorism. The spirit in which the treaty was concluded now lies buried under decades of Pakistan-sponsored terrorism. Pakistan cannot weaponize terror against India and still demand the benefits of cooperation and goodwill. And a treaty concluded in 1960 cannot be frozen in time. It must evolve with changing geo-climatic realities and technological advancements. Madam Vice-President, to conclude, propaganda does not become fact because Pakistan recycles it ad nauseam. Pakistan would do better to confront its deepening internal fault lines. That might be a more productive use of its time and of this Council. Thank you.

Thank you. The next state that has requested to exercise the right of reply is China. You have the floor, please.

Adams, Vice President, at today's meeting, Australia, Canada, the UK, and France, along with a certain anti-China NGOs, continue to misuse this forum by fabricating disinformation to attack and smear China, which China firmly opposes. China has always protected the fundamental rights of ethnic minorities in accordance with the law and continue to promote socioeconomic development in ethnic minority regions such as Xinjiang and Tibet, where the local languages and cultures and freedom of religion and belief are effectively protected. China's law on promoting ethnic unity and progress aims to safeguard the equal rights of all ethnic groups and promote their common development and prosperity. so-called assimilation entirely lack any factual or legal basis, interfere in China's legislative sovereignty, which is totally unacceptable to us. We have repeatedly stated our position that the so-called Xinjiang assessment report is completely illegal, null, and void. Any talk of implementing its recommendations is out of the question. The drafted decision concerning Xinjiang has already been rejected by the Council. Since the implementation of the national security law, Hong Kong has returned to stability. Lawful rights and freedoms of residents have been effectively safeguarded. The courts of Hong Kong handle cases impartially and penalize acts and activities that endanger national security. These are entirely justified measures to safeguard national security and the sanctity of the law and are beyond reproach. As a country governed by statutory law, China punishes acts, not thoughts. No one is detained, arrested, prosecuted, and brought to trial for their identity or beliefs, but rather for their unlawful conduct. In fact, no country governed by the rule of law will allow anyone to stand above the law, and the title of human rights defender must not become a carte blanche to violate the law. While attacking and smearing China, these countries disregard their own human rights issues and mention nothing of the severe human rights violations by themselves and their allies. They ignore the immense suffering endured by the people of Palestine, Iran, Lebanon, and other countries under the pretext of human rights. They want only interfere in other countries' internal affairs, undermining the rights of countless people across the developing countries. We urge them to take a hard look at themselves, renounce political sensationalism and double standards and make genuine positive contributions to the global human rights cause. Thank you.

Thank you. Next country wishing to exercise the right of reply is Cuba. Senora President.

Vice-President, we take the right of reply to respond to Switzerland's allegations. Switzerland has recognised the humanitarian damage from the blockade and the energy blockade against Cuba by the US government. And it is positive that it has called for the indiscriminate effects of these UCMs to stop against the Cuban people. As regards the human rights situation in Cuba, we call on Switzerland in its forthcoming statements to recognize that the perpetrator of the mass systematic human rights violations against the Cuban people is the government of the USA, with its policies of blocking energy, as denounced by many mandate holders in this Council. I thank you.

Thank you. The next State wishing to exercise the right of reply is United Arab Emirates. You have three minutes.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. My delegation exercises its right of reply to categorically reject the baseless allegations made by the concerned delegation during the oral update on Al-Bayadh. This delegation continues to advance the same false narrative at different discussions of this Council, irrespective of the topic being discussed. This narrative ignores the efforts being made by UN mechanisms to provide concrete solutions to the conflict in Sudan and to bring the perpetrators to justice. The subject of today's oral update was the situation in and around El Obeid, and not once did we hear from the concerned representative a solution proposed to end the suffering of the Sudanese people. If this warring party spent less time making false accusations and instead put its own people before its political agenda, Sudan would be in a much better place today. Madam Vice President, the extension of the arms embargo to the entire territory of Sudan is not only a UAE ask. It is also a demand from the broader international community. However, it is only opposed by the warring party in this room as an excuse to continue prolonging the conflict. To conclude, neither warring party should have a role in the future of Sudan. We therefore reiterate our urgent call for a humanitarian truce leading to an immediate and unconditional ceasefire and a comprehensive civilian-led political process independent of both warring parties without exception. I thank you, Madam Vice President.

Thank you. The next state who has expressed the wish to exercise right of reply is Thailand. You have three minutes.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. Thailand regrets to take the floor to respond to the statement made by Cambodia. Thailand has made it clear that we do not seek conflict with Cambodia, nor do we make any claim to the territory of any country. We are ready to turn a new page and look to the future. Cambodia, however, continues to exploit international fora to spread disinformation and advance inflammatory narratives that portray itself as a victim while deflecting attention from its own violations and responsibility. Such behaviour runs counter to the agreed terms and spirit of the cease-fire, which require both sides to refrain from action that escalates tensions. These provocations raise serious questions about Cambodia's good faith and undermine the trust necessary for meaningful dialogue. To set the record straight, the con- this conflict and its consequences were not initiated by Thailand, rather the hostilities began when Cambodia unprovoked and indiscriminate attacks against civilian targets and hospital in Thailand on 24th July and again on 7 December 2025. These attacks resulted in the deaths of 27 Thai civilians, including five children, and civilian and severely injured 28 others. Civilian infrastructure were also destroyed, including homes, over 200 hospitals, and 1,000 schools. More than 400,000 Thai civilians were displaced during the conflict. While exercising utmost restraint, Thailand was compelled to exercise its right to self-defense to protect its sovereignty, territorial integrity, and the safety of its people. The defensive measures undertaken were strictly limited in scope and proportionate to the threat faced. Stabilization measures implemented along the border, including temporary barriers and barb wire, are precautionary measures intended to prevent confrontation and reduce risk to both personnel and civilians. They are not intended to restrict human rights, nor should they be mischaracterized as territorial expansion or unlawful occupation. Lastly, we reaffirm our commitment to the peaceful resolution of dispute in accordance with the principle of the UN Charter and international laws, as well as in the spirit of the ceasefire agreement reached between our two countries. Moving beyond this conflict requires a commitment by both sides to be respected and implemented in good faith and in their entirety, rather than selectively invoked when convenient. Thailand stands ready to do its part and sincerely hopes that Cambodia will do the same. I thank you.

Thank you. The next state who has requested the right to exercise the right of reply is Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Please, you have the floor. You have three minutes.

Thank you, Madam Vice President. My delegation exercises right of reply in response to the statements made by France and Australia, which contained unfounded allegations and distorted representation concerning the human rights situations in my country. My delegation categorically rejects these allegations. Those countries that presume to lecture others continue to face serious and persistent human rights challenges within their own societies, including racism, xenophobia, and discrimination against minorities, hate speech, human trafficking, social inequality, and violence. Yet, instead of addressing these problems in a sincere and comprehensive manner, they continue to point fingers at sovereign states and interfere in the internal affairs under the pretext of human rights. Such double standards undermine the credibility of the Human Rights Council and weaken genuine international cooperation in the field of human rights. My delegation, therefore, urges those countries concerned to address their own human rights challenges with the same scrutiny that they seek to impose on others. I thank you, Madam Vice-President.

Thank you. The next State who has requested the right to exercise the right of reply is Tunisia. You have the floor.

Thank you, Madam Vice-President. My delegation would like to exercise the right of reply to the interventions by the non-governmental organizations, the so-called Amnesty International, International Commission of Jurists and Human Rights Watch. under the general debate of agenda item 2, which was the plea with inaccurate information. Hence, we clarify, we reject the repeated attempts by these NGOs to interfere in the proceedings of the Tunisian judiciary, which carries out its functions independently in accordance with the enforced laws. especially when it comes to the respect of human rights, especially the right to defense. It is based on accurate and deep evidence and investigation, and we stress that any attempts to exert pressure on the judiciary by propagating false information through international foreign fora to serve political or other purposes will be futile. Such parties would have better employed those efforts to defend the oppressed states that are subject to destruction by occupying powers. Second, we stress that such NGOs are politicized. They lack neutrality. They are not qualified to issue prejudgments that are misleading. and they are not qualified to act on behalf of competent Tunisian courts. Madam Vice-President, Tunisia is keen to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in accordance with its Constitution and its national legislation and international obligations. It has, it is following reform track to enhance true democracy, to put an end to corruption, and enhance the sovereignty of law in full respect of human rights and the right to defense and all other legal safeguards. This comes against the backdrop of a number of crimes that are being committed and that have nothing to do with political and civil activities and human rights activities and the freedom of expression. For the Tunisian government, all people are equal before the law. They enjoy their rights and freedoms. In conclusion, we call upon all states and parties to respect the sovereignty of the Tunisian people and their free will and their aspirations to achieve justice and reform, and to put an end to politicizing the Human Rights Council. Thank you, Madam Vice President.

Thank you. I now recognize Pakistan, who wishes to exercise the right of reply. You have three minutes, please.

Madam Vice President, Pakistan is exercising its right of reply to reject the tired mix of deflection, distortion and denial that this Council has just heard from the Indian delegation. India would have this Council believe that its occupation of Jammu and Kashmir is a settled question, yet it is not. The relevant UN Security Council resolutions have mandated self-determination for the people of Jammu and Kashmir, which India has withheld. India speaks of democracy while having the dubious honor of deploying nearly a million troops and paramilitaries in IIOJK, making it one of the most militarized zones globally. India speaks of rule of law, but detains thousands without charge, bans political parties, puts religious leaders under house arrest, convicts activists on trumped up charges, bars independent reporting, and locks up mosques. India speaks of development while issuing millions of domicile certificates to erase the territory's Muslim majority and identity. It has placed IIOJK under direct central control to plunder its natural wealth and resources in contravention of the right to self-determination. In just one example, the local Bakarwal community is being forcibly evicted from its indigenous lands, threatening their livelihoods and traditional way of life. Madam Vice President, we categorically reject India's attempted whataboutism in referring to Azad Jammu and Kashmir. J&K, Jammu and Kashmir, was not, is not, and will never be a so-called integral or inalienable part of India. No amount of disinformation, manufactured consent, constitutional sleight of hand, or repression can legitimize India's illegal occupation. Madam Vice President, India once again invoked the tired trope of cross-border terrorism, which is patently absurd. Its support for terrorist attacks in Pakistan is documented and even confessed, for instance, by serving Indian military officer Kulbhushan Jadhav. Its own officials have gloated of orchestrating killings in Pakistan and elsewhere. India has no standing to lecture the world on terrorism. The Indus Waters Treaty is not a geopolitical tool that India can switch on or off at will. It imposes binding obligations. And India's false narrative on security or climate change is only a pretext to use transboundary flows as an instrument of coercion. This is in flagrant disregard for India's obligations under international law and the treaty itself. Madam Vice President, Pakistan has the confidence to affirm that the final disposition of the Jammu and Kashmir dispute requires the implementation of relevant UNSC resolutions, including a free and impartial plebiscite under UN auspices. Does India? The truth cannot be erased and international law cannot be rewritten. Obligations under the Indus Waters Treaty cannot be weaponized. The people of Jammu and Kashmir cannot be silenced. And Pakistan will continue to extend every political, moral, and diplomatic support to their just cause. Thank you.

Thank you. I also recognize Cambodia, who wishes to exercise the right of reply. You have three minutes.

Madam Vice President, Cambodia take the floor to exercise the right of reply to the statement made by Thailand. Cambodia categorically reject Thailand accusation against Cambodia regarding territorial issue and displaced population. Cambodia maintains that Thailand unilateral assertion should not substitute for impartial verification. In this regard, I wish to provide more clarification as follow. Cambodia and Thailand have recognized international boundary clearly delimited under the 1904 convention and the 1907 treaty between France and Siam together with the 1 to 200,000 scale map produced by the Boundary Commission and relied upon by the ICJ and its 1962 judgment and again in 2013 in the Preah Vihear case. The legal basis of the boundary is therefore not new and cannot be replaced by Thailand's unilateral map or altered by force are complete. Remaining survey and demarcation issues must be addressed through the agreed Joint Boundary Commission in accordance with existing treaty and agreement. Cambodia strongly protests the incremental encroachment by Thai armed force through barbed wire, container, military and civilian infrastructure. Such salami slicing cannot create sovereignty. Our principal position is clear. International border cannot be changed or determined by force or through fait accompli. Regarding the displaced Cambodian population, these Cambodians were living in their homes and community on Cambodian territory and were forced to flee during the attack by Thai armed force during the fighting in 2025. At the peak of the conflict in December 2025, approximately 650,000 Cambodians were internally displaced, with today more than 20,000 remain unable to return home safely with dignity. The scale and humanitarian consequences of this displacement are reflected in the United Nations humanitarian reporting. the field observation of the United Nations Special Rapporteur and civil society assessment, Cambodia strongly urge Thailand to fully and effectively implement in good faith the joint statement of 27 December 2025 as agreed by both sides in its entirety and to work toward urgency, urgency toward lasting and peaceful resolution. I thank you for your kind attention.

Thank you. I have exhausted my wish, the list of wishes for right of reply. Is there any other delegation wishing to exercise their right of reply? I see none. So we will now take a very short break before we open the agenda item three and hold the interactive dialogue with the independent expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order. Excellencies, dear participants, I declare open the agenda item 3 entitled "Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development." And we shall now begin the interactive dialogue with the independent expert on the promotion of democratic and equitable international order. The list of speakers will close in 15 minutes, and I have the honor to give the floor to Ms. George Katrougalos to present the report.

Thank you, Madam Vice President, Excellencies, distinguished delegates. We live in a multipolar world. However, The international order is often described through three different but equally mistaken lenses. Some call the system unipolar, pointing to the aggregate military and financial capability the United States retains. But this capability is not order capacity, ability to set the rules of the international system. Hegemony requires legitimacy. And legitimacy is precisely what coercion destroys. As Hannah Arendt taught us, power is consensual and relational. Violence and coercion are what remains when power is spent. The tariffs and sanctions we now witness are the symptoms of a decline in hegemony. Others describe an emerging bipolarity between USA and China, or the model of the Cold War. Yet, Cold War bipolarity was an architecture of two sealed blocks and near total economic separation. Nothing of the sort exists today. More important, the global south practices now what scholars call active multi-alignment. As India's foreign minister has put it, not sitting on the fence, but on their own ground, they don't want to choose. one of two rival camps. A third account admits correctly that we live in a multipolar world, but locates its divide in fault lines in civilization, either in Huntingtonian terms or following Carl Schmitt's Grossraum, the great space, other hegemonic state. Both theorizations are false. Even the Monroe Doctrine, the original gross realm, is now economically obsolete. China, not the United States, is the leading trade partner of most of Latin America. This analysis is not theoretical. It matters because misdiagnosis brings dangerous prescription. My report documents a pattern of coercive unilateralism, corroding the charter itself, sovereign equality, non-intervention, peaceful settlement. Tariffs especially have been conditioned on migration enforcement and judicial proceedings, not just on geoeconomics. Recent sanctions meet the threshold of the International Court of Justice set in Nicaragua versus United States decision. Measures decides to deprive a state of the freedom of choice. And this unilateralism has reached our own house, the sanctioning of fellow special procedures mandate holder, the continued threats of sanctions against several of us. Yet, this road is not the only path. And my report documents several good practices as an alternative. The five principles of peaceful coexistence of 1954 And the Bandung spirit of 1955, sovereign equality, non-intervention, cooperation for development, are traceable to China's global governance initiative. The European Union-Mercosur agreement is another example. And within BRICS, proposals for payment systems independent of any single country's financial infrastructure, as a legitimate human rights concern. No state's access to food, medicine, or development finance should depend on another's discretion. I term the alternative to fragmentation of the international system embedded multipolarity. That is, multipolarity embedded to the United Nations Charter. Diversity of power and universality of rights are not opposites. Properly embedded, one sustains the other. And exactly because this type of embedded multipolarity is not self-executing, I propose a global regulatory delivery index, annex to my report. This index, unlike the World Bank's governance indicators, would not measure resemblance to an institutional template. It measures functional delivery of human rights, disaggregating gaps imposed by domestic choice from those imposed externally by sanctions, debt servicing, IMF conditionality. It should have global South majority oversight, an opt-in requirement, and a prohibition on its use in lending or aid conditionality. Madam Vice President, now let me turn to my country visit to Iceland, which I undertook in May 2025. Iceland stands out as a model for equality, progressive governance, and human rights. I particularly welcome its decision to increase official development assistance at a time when many countries are reducing their commitments. I also welcome the incorporation in November 2025 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. At the same time, identified some areas where further efforts are needed, such as remaining protection gaps affecting migrants, persons with disabilities and trans persons. Particular attention should be given to family reunification procedures and to the use of solitary confinement, especially for migrants in pre-trial detention. I also note with concern recent amendments to the Foreign National Acts especially the abolition of the 18-month rule and the introduction of broader grounds for revoking international protection. Finally, I call for stronger safeguards concerning involuntary psychiatric treatment and welcome recent efforts to address gender-based violence. Overall, Iceland demonstrates how a small nation can exercise meaningful global leadership in advancing human rights. I close with a commitment to multipolarity embedded in the United Nations Charter. Sovereignty, development, democracy, and human rights are not rival principles. They are and must remain complementary. I thank you.

Thank you very much, Mr. Katrougalos, for this presentation. Excellencies, distinguished participants, this brings us to the end of this meeting. I wish to thank interpreters for their flexibility and according us 10 extra minutes tonight. We will reconvene tomorrow morning at 10:00 a.m. to continue interactive dialogue with the independent expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order, followed by the interactive dialogue with the Special Rapporteur on the negative impact of unilateral coercive measures on the enjoyment of human rights. I hereby close the fourth meeting of the 63rd session of the Human Rights Council.