{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/en/sc/10256/2","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k1w/k1wduby238","kaltura_id":"1_wduby238","title":"Emerging technologies and maritime security: implications for peace and security - Security Council, 10256th meeting","clean_title":"Emerging technologies and maritime security: implications for peace and security - Security Council, 10256th meeting","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1w/k1wduby238","date":"2026-10-29T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-10-29T14:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"03:09:14","category":"Security Council","body":"Security Council","event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":null,"pv_symbol":"S/PV.10256","pv_part":2,"slug":"sc/10256/2"},"metadata":{"summary":null,"description":null,"categories":[],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":[],"corporate_name":[],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"scheduled-fc1f1683-96b8-4991-b14a-d3b6ac9e5d7e","language":"en","timestamps_flagged":true,"timestamps_note":"UN Web TV re-edited this video after the transcript was created; timestamps may no longer match the current video.","original_duration_seconds":12581,"current_duration_seconds":11354,"data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":1152.41,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=19:13","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"The 10,256th meeting of the Security Council is called to order.","start":1152.41,"end":1157.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1152.41,"end":1152.57},{"text":"10,256th","start":1152.57,"end":1154.65},{"text":"meeting","start":1154.65,"end":1154.97},{"text":"of","start":1154.97,"end":1155.05},{"text":"the","start":1155.05,"end":1155.17},{"text":"Security","start":1155.17,"end":1155.65},{"text":"Council","start":1155.65,"end":1156.25},{"text":"is","start":1156.25,"end":1156.41},{"text":"called","start":1156.41,"end":1156.69},{"text":"to","start":1156.69,"end":1156.77},{"text":"order.","start":1156.77,"end":1157.21}]},{"text":"I would like to warmly welcome the Ministers and the distinguished high-level representatives present in the Security Council chamber.","start":1160.39,"end":1167.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1160.39,"end":1160.55},{"text":"would","start":1160.55,"end":1160.71},{"text":"like","start":1160.71,"end":1160.87},{"text":"to","start":1160.87,"end":1160.99},{"text":"warmly","start":1160.99,"end":1161.27},{"text":"welcome","start":1161.27,"end":1161.67},{"text":"the","start":1161.67,"end":1161.75},{"text":"Ministers","start":1161.75,"end":1162.47},{"text":"and","start":1162.47,"end":1162.67},{"text":"the","start":1162.67,"end":1162.79},{"text":"distinguished","start":1162.79,"end":1163.51},{"text":"high-level","start":1163.51,"end":1163.99},{"text":"representatives","start":1163.99,"end":1165.03},{"text":"present","start":1165.03,"end":1165.55},{"text":"in","start":1165.55,"end":1165.63},{"text":"the","start":1165.63,"end":1165.75},{"text":"Security","start":1165.75,"end":1166.23},{"text":"Council","start":1166.23,"end":1166.71},{"text":"chamber.","start":1166.71,"end":1167.43}]},{"text":"Your presence today underscores the importance of the subject matter under discussion.","start":1167.67,"end":1171.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Your","start":1167.67,"end":1167.83},{"text":"presence","start":1167.83,"end":1168.23},{"text":"today","start":1168.23,"end":1168.55},{"text":"underscores","start":1168.55,"end":1169.19},{"text":"the","start":1169.19,"end":1169.27},{"text":"importance","start":1169.27,"end":1169.83},{"text":"of","start":1169.83,"end":1169.95},{"text":"the","start":1169.95,"end":1170.07},{"text":"subject","start":1170.07,"end":1170.47},{"text":"matter","start":1170.47,"end":1170.95},{"text":"under","start":1170.95,"end":1171.23},{"text":"discussion.","start":1171.23,"end":1171.91}]},{"text":"The provisional agenda for this meeting is: Maintenance of international peace and security, emerging technologies and maritime security, implications for peace and security.","start":1173.67,"end":1184.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1173.67,"end":1173.79},{"text":"provisional","start":1173.79,"end":1174.19},{"text":"agenda","start":1174.19,"end":1174.55},{"text":"for","start":1174.55,"end":1174.67},{"text":"this","start":1174.67,"end":1174.87},{"text":"meeting","start":1174.87,"end":1175.35},{"text":"is:","start":1175.35,"end":1175.75},{"text":"Maintenance","start":1175.75,"end":1176.43},{"text":"of","start":1176.43,"end":1176.55},{"text":"international","start":1176.55,"end":1177.19},{"text":"peace","start":1177.19,"end":1177.59},{"text":"and","start":1177.59,"end":1177.71},{"text":"security,","start":1177.71,"end":1178.63},{"text":"emerging","start":1178.63,"end":1179.15},{"text":"technologies","start":1179.15,"end":1179.99},{"text":"and","start":1180.71,"end":1180.87},{"text":"maritime","start":1180.87,"end":1181.35},{"text":"security,","start":1181.35,"end":1182.23},{"text":"implications","start":1182.79,"end":1183.55},{"text":"for","start":1183.55,"end":1183.67},{"text":"peace","start":1183.67,"end":1183.95},{"text":"and","start":1183.95,"end":1184.07},{"text":"security.","start":1184.07,"end":1184.87}]},{"text":"The agenda is adopted.","start":1186.47,"end":1187.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1186.47,"end":1186.67},{"text":"agenda","start":1186.67,"end":1186.99},{"text":"is","start":1186.99,"end":1187.11},{"text":"adopted.","start":1187.11,"end":1187.75}]},{"text":"Before each of you is a list of speakers who have requested to participate in accordance with rules 37 and 39 of the Council's provisional rules of procedure, as well as the previous practice of the Council in this regard.","start":1191.07,"end":1204.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Before","start":1191.07,"end":1191.71},{"text":"each","start":1191.71,"end":1191.95},{"text":"of","start":1191.99,"end":1192.11},{"text":"you","start":1192.11,"end":1192.27},{"text":"is","start":1192.27,"end":1192.51},{"text":"a","start":1192.51,"end":1192.55},{"text":"list","start":1192.55,"end":1192.83},{"text":"of","start":1192.83,"end":1192.91},{"text":"speakers","start":1192.91,"end":1193.55},{"text":"who","start":1193.55,"end":1193.71},{"text":"have","start":1193.71,"end":1193.87},{"text":"requested","start":1193.87,"end":1194.35},{"text":"to","start":1194.35,"end":1194.43},{"text":"participate","start":1194.43,"end":1195.39},{"text":"in","start":1195.39,"end":1195.63},{"text":"accordance","start":1195.63,"end":1196.19},{"text":"with","start":1196.19,"end":1196.43},{"text":"rules","start":1196.43,"end":1196.91},{"text":"37","start":1196.91,"end":1197.71},{"text":"and","start":1197.71,"end":1197.95},{"text":"39","start":1197.95,"end":1198.39},{"text":"of","start":1198.39,"end":1198.47},{"text":"the","start":1198.47,"end":1198.59},{"text":"Council's","start":1198.59,"end":1199.07},{"text":"provisional","start":1199.07,"end":1199.79},{"text":"rules","start":1199.79,"end":1199.99},{"text":"of","start":1199.99,"end":1200.11},{"text":"procedure,","start":1200.11,"end":1200.75},{"text":"as","start":1201.31,"end":1201.55},{"text":"well","start":1201.55,"end":1201.83},{"text":"as","start":1201.83,"end":1201.95},{"text":"the","start":1201.95,"end":1202.03},{"text":"previous","start":1202.03,"end":1202.43},{"text":"practice","start":1202.43,"end":1202.91},{"text":"of","start":1202.91,"end":1202.99},{"text":"the","start":1202.99,"end":1203.07},{"text":"Council","start":1203.07,"end":1203.51},{"text":"in","start":1203.51,"end":1203.59},{"text":"this","start":1203.59,"end":1203.79},{"text":"regard.","start":1203.79,"end":1204.27}]},{"text":"We propose that they be invited to participate in this meeting.","start":1204.75,"end":1207.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1204.75,"end":1204.91},{"text":"propose","start":1204.91,"end":1205.47},{"text":"that","start":1205.47,"end":1205.59},{"text":"they","start":1205.59,"end":1205.67},{"text":"be","start":1205.67,"end":1205.87},{"text":"invited","start":1205.87,"end":1206.35},{"text":"to","start":1206.35,"end":1206.51},{"text":"participate","start":1206.51,"end":1207.15},{"text":"in","start":1207.15,"end":1207.31},{"text":"this","start":1207.31,"end":1207.47},{"text":"meeting.","start":1207.47,"end":1207.87}]},{"text":"There being no objections, it is so decided.","start":1210.03,"end":1213.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":1210.03,"end":1210.27},{"text":"being","start":1210.27,"end":1210.51},{"text":"no","start":1210.51,"end":1210.83},{"text":"objections,","start":1210.83,"end":1212.35},{"text":"it","start":1212.35,"end":1212.51},{"text":"is","start":1212.51,"end":1212.63},{"text":"so","start":1212.63,"end":1212.75},{"text":"decided.","start":1212.75,"end":1213.31}]},{"text":"The Security Council will now begin its consideration of item two of the agenda.","start":1216.67,"end":1221.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1216.67,"end":1216.83},{"text":"Security","start":1216.83,"end":1217.31},{"text":"Council","start":1217.31,"end":1218.11},{"text":"will","start":1218.11,"end":1218.35},{"text":"now","start":1218.35,"end":1218.51},{"text":"begin","start":1218.51,"end":1218.95},{"text":"its","start":1218.95,"end":1219.11},{"text":"consideration","start":1219.11,"end":1220.03},{"text":"of","start":1220.03,"end":1220.19},{"text":"item","start":1220.19,"end":1220.67},{"text":"two","start":1220.67,"end":1221.03},{"text":"of","start":1221.03,"end":1221.15},{"text":"the","start":1221.15,"end":1221.27},{"text":"agenda.","start":1221.27,"end":1221.87}]},{"text":"I wish to draw the attention of Council members to document S/2026/818/Revision 1, a letter dated 13th October 2026 from the Permanent Representative of Greece to the United Nations, addressed to the Secretary General, transmitting a concept paper on the item under consideration.","start":1223.87,"end":1246.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1223.87,"end":1223.95},{"text":"wish","start":1223.95,"end":1224.19},{"text":"to","start":1224.19,"end":1224.27},{"text":"draw","start":1224.27,"end":1224.43},{"text":"the","start":1224.43,"end":1224.51},{"text":"attention","start":1224.51,"end":1225.07},{"text":"of","start":1225.07,"end":1225.23},{"text":"Council","start":1225.23,"end":1225.63},{"text":"members","start":1225.63,"end":1226.11},{"text":"to","start":1226.11,"end":1226.19},{"text":"document","start":1226.19,"end":1226.99},{"text":"S/2026/818/Revision","start":1226.99,"end":1231.87},{"text":"1,","start":1231.87,"end":1232.27},{"text":"a","start":1232.99,"end":1233.03},{"text":"letter","start":1233.03,"end":1233.39},{"text":"dated","start":1233.39,"end":1233.79},{"text":"13th","start":1233.79,"end":1234.51},{"text":"October","start":1234.63,"end":1235.31},{"text":"2026","start":1235.47,"end":1236.39},{"text":"from","start":1236.39,"end":1236.55},{"text":"the","start":1236.55,"end":1236.67},{"text":"Permanent","start":1236.67,"end":1237.31},{"text":"Representative","start":1237.31,"end":1238.11},{"text":"of","start":1238.11,"end":1238.19},{"text":"Greece","start":1238.19,"end":1238.67},{"text":"to","start":1238.67,"end":1238.83},{"text":"the","start":1238.83,"end":1238.95},{"text":"United","start":1238.95,"end":1239.35},{"text":"Nations,","start":1239.35,"end":1239.95},{"text":"addressed","start":1240.59,"end":1240.99},{"text":"to","start":1240.99,"end":1241.07},{"text":"the","start":1241.07,"end":1241.15},{"text":"Secretary","start":1241.15,"end":1241.71},{"text":"General,","start":1241.71,"end":1242.27},{"text":"transmitting","start":1242.71,"end":1243.35},{"text":"a","start":1243.35,"end":1243.39},{"text":"concept","start":1243.39,"end":1243.91},{"text":"paper","start":1243.91,"end":1244.47},{"text":"on","start":1244.47,"end":1244.63},{"text":"the","start":1244.63,"end":1244.75},{"text":"item","start":1244.79,"end":1245.27},{"text":"under","start":1245.27,"end":1245.59},{"text":"consideration.","start":1245.59,"end":1246.35}]},{"text":"So, I’d now give the floor to Mr. Courtenay Rattray.","start":1247.51,"end":1252.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So,","start":1247.51,"end":1247.83},{"text":"I’d","start":1248.51,"end":1248.71},{"text":"now","start":1248.71,"end":1249.11},{"text":"give","start":1249.11,"end":1249.43},{"text":"the","start":1249.43,"end":1249.51},{"text":"floor","start":1249.51,"end":1249.91},{"text":"to","start":1249.91,"end":1249.99},{"text":"Mr.","start":1249.99,"end":1250.55},{"text":"Courtenay","start":1250.55,"end":1251.35},{"text":"Rattray.","start":1251.59,"end":1252.07}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GRC","group":null,"function":"President of the Security Council; Prime Minister","affiliation_full":"Greece"}},{"statement_number":2,"start":1254.59,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=20:55","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. President, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, Maritime spaces are fundamental to our shared security and prosperity.","start":1254.59,"end":1263.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":1254.59,"end":1254.91},{"text":"President,","start":1254.91,"end":1255.59},{"text":"Excellencies,","start":1255.75,"end":1256.55},{"text":"Ladies","start":1257.19,"end":1257.51},{"text":"and","start":1257.51,"end":1257.63},{"text":"Gentlemen,","start":1257.63,"end":1258.23},{"text":"Maritime","start":1259.11,"end":1259.59},{"text":"spaces","start":1259.59,"end":1260.23},{"text":"are","start":1260.23,"end":1260.39},{"text":"fundamental","start":1260.39,"end":1261.35},{"text":"to","start":1261.35,"end":1261.55},{"text":"our","start":1261.55,"end":1261.67},{"text":"shared","start":1261.67,"end":1262.03},{"text":"security","start":1262.03,"end":1262.71},{"text":"and","start":1262.79,"end":1262.95},{"text":"prosperity.","start":1262.95,"end":1263.75}]},{"text":"They carry more than 90% of global trade in goods, More than 99% of the global flow of data travels through submarine cables.","start":1264.47,"end":1274.03,"topics":[{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."},{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":1264.47,"end":1264.63},{"text":"carry","start":1264.63,"end":1264.95},{"text":"more","start":1264.95,"end":1265.19},{"text":"than","start":1265.19,"end":1265.67},{"text":"90%","start":1266.15,"end":1266.19},{"text":"of","start":1266.23,"end":1266.39},{"text":"global","start":1266.39,"end":1266.75},{"text":"trade","start":1266.75,"end":1267.27},{"text":"in","start":1267.91,"end":1268.07},{"text":"goods,","start":1268.07,"end":1268.71},{"text":"More","start":1269.07,"end":1269.23},{"text":"than","start":1269.23,"end":1270.43},{"text":"99%","start":1270.43,"end":1270.47},{"text":"of","start":1270.47,"end":1270.59},{"text":"the","start":1270.59,"end":1270.67},{"text":"global","start":1270.67,"end":1270.99},{"text":"flow","start":1270.99,"end":1271.27},{"text":"of","start":1271.27,"end":1271.47},{"text":"data","start":1271.47,"end":1271.87},{"text":"travels","start":1272.19,"end":1272.59},{"text":"through","start":1272.59,"end":1272.91},{"text":"submarine","start":1272.91,"end":1273.47},{"text":"cables.","start":1273.47,"end":1274.03}]},{"text":"The maritime sector supports millions of jobs, connectivity, food and energy security, and the well-being of our planet.","start":1274.83,"end":1283.07,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1274.83,"end":1274.91},{"text":"maritime","start":1274.91,"end":1275.47},{"text":"sector","start":1275.47,"end":1275.79},{"text":"supports","start":1275.79,"end":1276.27},{"text":"millions","start":1276.27,"end":1276.75},{"text":"of","start":1276.75,"end":1276.91},{"text":"jobs,","start":1276.91,"end":1277.47},{"text":"connectivity,","start":1277.71,"end":1278.67},{"text":"food","start":1279.07,"end":1279.51},{"text":"and","start":1279.51,"end":1279.71},{"text":"energy","start":1279.71,"end":1280.03},{"text":"security,","start":1280.03,"end":1280.75},{"text":"and","start":1281.07,"end":1281.27},{"text":"the","start":1281.27,"end":1281.35},{"text":"well-being","start":1281.35,"end":1282.11},{"text":"of","start":1282.19,"end":1282.35},{"text":"our","start":1282.35,"end":1282.51},{"text":"planet.","start":1282.51,"end":1283.07}]},{"text":"Disruption at critical maritime choke points can amplify these impacts unpredictably.","start":1283.95,"end":1289.95,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Disruption","start":1283.95,"end":1284.75},{"text":"at","start":1284.75,"end":1284.91},{"text":"critical","start":1284.91,"end":1285.39},{"text":"maritime","start":1285.39,"end":1286.03},{"text":"choke","start":1286.03,"end":1286.23},{"text":"points","start":1286.23,"end":1286.75},{"text":"can","start":1287.07,"end":1287.31},{"text":"amplify","start":1287.31,"end":1287.87},{"text":"these","start":1287.87,"end":1288.19},{"text":"impacts","start":1288.19,"end":1288.83},{"text":"unpredictably.","start":1288.91,"end":1289.95}]},{"text":"Emerging technologies are already embedded in how we monitor maritime activity, communicate, navigate risks and respond to crises, including those before this Council.","start":1290.83,"end":1302.27,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. 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Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their 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technologies developed for one objective can be repurposed and combined with others.","start":1303.23,"end":1310.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Increasingly,","start":1303.23,"end":1304.19},{"text":"technologies","start":1304.27,"end":1304.99},{"text":"developed","start":1304.99,"end":1305.47},{"text":"for","start":1305.47,"end":1305.71},{"text":"one","start":1305.71,"end":1305.95},{"text":"objective","start":1305.95,"end":1306.67},{"text":"can","start":1306.99,"end":1307.23},{"text":"be","start":1307.23,"end":1307.39},{"text":"repurposed","start":1307.39,"end":1308.27},{"text":"and","start":1308.27,"end":1308.51},{"text":"combined","start":1308.51,"end":1309.23},{"text":"with","start":1309.31,"end":1309.47},{"text":"others.","start":1309.55,"end":1310.03}]},{"text":"This can create entirely new opportunities, but also entirely new 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ways.","start":1317.87,"end":1325.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Non-state","start":1317.87,"end":1318.51},{"text":"actors","start":1318.51,"end":1318.95},{"text":"have","start":1318.95,"end":1319.15},{"text":"demonstrated","start":1319.15,"end":1319.79},{"text":"both","start":1319.79,"end":1320.07},{"text":"the","start":1320.07,"end":1320.15},{"text":"capability","start":1320.15,"end":1320.99},{"text":"and","start":1320.99,"end":1321.19},{"text":"the","start":1321.19,"end":1321.27},{"text":"intent","start":1321.27,"end":1322.03},{"text":"to","start":1322.43,"end":1322.55},{"text":"use","start":1322.55,"end":1322.87},{"text":"these","start":1322.87,"end":1323.15},{"text":"technologies","start":1323.15,"end":1323.95},{"text":"in","start":1324.03,"end":1324.27},{"text":"asymmetric","start":1324.27,"end":1324.99},{"text":"ways.","start":1324.99,"end":1325.55}]},{"text":"Their growing accessibility also enables actors with limited conventional capabilities to generate significant effects.","start":1326.83,"end":1334.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Their","start":1326.83,"end":1327.07},{"text":"growing","start":1327.07,"end":1327.47},{"text":"accessibility","start":1327.47,"end":1328.35},{"text":"also","start":1328.35,"end":1328.71},{"text":"enables","start":1328.71,"end":1329.15},{"text":"actors","start":1329.15,"end":1329.63},{"text":"with","start":1329.63,"end":1329.79},{"text":"limited","start":1329.79,"end":1330.19},{"text":"conventional","start":1330.19,"end":1330.83},{"text":"capabilities","start":1330.83,"end":1331.71},{"text":"to","start":1332.11,"end":1332.23},{"text":"generate","start":1332.23,"end":1332.83},{"text":"significant","start":1332.83,"end":1333.55},{"text":"effects.","start":1333.55,"end":1334.19}]},{"text":"Artificial intelligence is central to this transformation, but it is not alone.","start":1335.07,"end":1340.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Artificial","start":1335.07,"end":1335.67},{"text":"intelligence","start":1335.67,"end":1336.43},{"text":"is","start":1336.43,"end":1336.63},{"text":"central","start":1336.63,"end":1337.15},{"text":"to","start":1337.15,"end":1337.27},{"text":"this","start":1337.27,"end":1337.47},{"text":"transformation,","start":1337.47,"end":1338.35},{"text":"but","start":1339.07,"end":1339.23},{"text":"it","start":1339.23,"end":1339.39},{"text":"is","start":1339.39,"end":1339.55},{"text":"not","start":1339.55,"end":1339.79},{"text":"alone.","start":1339.79,"end":1340.35}]},{"text":"Autonomous and remotely operated systems, unmanned aerial and surface vehicles, advanced sensing, satellite imagery, and cyber technologies are changing both the opportunities available to us and the threat environment at sea.","start":1340.99,"end":1357.27,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain 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Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"Autonomous","start":1340.99,"end":1341.79},{"text":"and","start":1341.79,"end":1342.11},{"text":"remotely","start":1342.19,"end":1342.75},{"text":"operated","start":1342.75,"end":1343.31},{"text":"systems,","start":1343.31,"end":1344.03},{"text":"unmanned","start":1344.71,"end":1345.23},{"text":"aerial","start":1345.23,"end":1345.71},{"text":"and","start":1345.75,"end":1345.91},{"text":"surface","start":1345.91,"end":1346.35},{"text":"vehicles,","start":1346.35,"end":1346.99},{"text":"advanced","start":1347.47,"end":1348.11},{"text":"sensing,","start":1348.11,"end":1348.91},{"text":"satellite","start":1349.07,"end":1349.71},{"text":"imagery,","start":1349.71,"end":1350.19},{"text":"and","start":1350.19,"end":1350.35},{"text":"cyber","start":1350.35,"end":1350.67},{"text":"technologies","start":1350.67,"end":1351.55},{"text":"are","start":1351.91,"end":1352.03},{"text":"changing","start":1352.03,"end":1352.59},{"text":"both","start":1352.59,"end":1352.79},{"text":"the","start":1352.79,"end":1352.87},{"text":"opportunities","start":1352.91,"end":1353.79},{"text":"available","start":1353.79,"end":1354.39},{"text":"to","start":1354.39,"end":1354.59},{"text":"us","start":1354.59,"end":1354.91},{"text":"and","start":1355.27,"end":1355.47},{"text":"the","start":1355.47,"end":1355.59},{"text":"threat","start":1355.59,"end":1355.95},{"text":"environment","start":1355.95,"end":1356.71},{"text":"at","start":1356.71,"end":1356.83},{"text":"sea.","start":1356.83,"end":1357.27}]},{"text":"These technologies can improve maritime domain awareness, detect suspicious activity, enable faster, better-informed decisions, make navigation and ports safer, and protect shipping, seafarers, and critical infrastructure, including marine cables.","start":1358.15,"end":1376.07,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. 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Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":1358.15,"end":1358.39},{"text":"technologies","start":1358.39,"end":1359.11},{"text":"can","start":1359.11,"end":1359.27},{"text":"improve","start":1359.27,"end":1359.75},{"text":"maritime","start":1359.75,"end":1360.23},{"text":"domain","start":1360.23,"end":1360.79},{"text":"awareness,","start":1360.79,"end":1361.51},{"text":"detect","start":1361.91,"end":1362.39},{"text":"suspicious","start":1362.39,"end":1363.11},{"text":"activity,","start":1363.11,"end":1363.83},{"text":"enable","start":1364.27,"end":1364.71},{"text":"faster,","start":1364.71,"end":1365.43},{"text":"better-informed","start":1365.43,"end":1366.43},{"text":"decisions,","start":1366.43,"end":1367.19},{"text":"make","start":1367.59,"end":1367.91},{"text":"navigation","start":1367.91,"end":1368.71},{"text":"and","start":1368.71,"end":1368.95},{"text":"ports","start":1368.95,"end":1369.55},{"text":"safer,","start":1369.55,"end":1369.99},{"text":"and","start":1370.11,"end":1370.23},{"text":"protect","start":1370.23,"end":1370.71},{"text":"shipping,","start":1370.71,"end":1371.19},{"text":"seafarers,","start":1371.51,"end":1372.43},{"text":"and","start":1372.43,"end":1372.63},{"text":"critical","start":1372.63,"end":1373.03},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":1373.03,"end":1373.91},{"text":"including","start":1374.31,"end":1375.03},{"text":"marine","start":1375.03,"end":1375.43},{"text":"cables.","start":1375.43,"end":1376.07}]},{"text":"At the same time, greater connectivity and autonomy create new vulnerabilities.","start":1376.87,"end":1382.07,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. 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Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":1376.87,"end":1377.03},{"text":"the","start":1377.03,"end":1377.15},{"text":"same","start":1377.15,"end":1377.43},{"text":"time,","start":1377.43,"end":1377.91},{"text":"greater","start":1378.31,"end":1378.63},{"text":"connectivity","start":1378.63,"end":1379.35},{"text":"and","start":1379.35,"end":1379.59},{"text":"autonomy","start":1379.59,"end":1380.23},{"text":"create","start":1380.31,"end":1380.71},{"text":"new","start":1380.71,"end":1381.11},{"text":"vulnerabilities.","start":1381.11,"end":1382.07}]},{"text":"Cyberattacks, or other forms of interference affecting navigation, communications, vessels, ports, and related infrastructure can disrupt maritime operations, even without a physical attack.","start":1382.71,"end":1396.31,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. 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Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1397.27,"end":1397.39},{"text":"growing","start":1397.43,"end":1397.75},{"text":"speed","start":1397.75,"end":1398.39},{"text":"and","start":1398.47,"end":1398.79},{"text":"autonomy","start":1398.79,"end":1399.35},{"text":"of","start":1399.35,"end":1399.51},{"text":"technological","start":1399.51,"end":1400.23},{"text":"systems","start":1400.23,"end":1400.87},{"text":"may","start":1400.87,"end":1401.03},{"text":"also","start":1401.03,"end":1401.43},{"text":"increase","start":1401.43,"end":1401.83},{"text":"the","start":1401.83,"end":1401.95},{"text":"risk","start":1401.95,"end":1402.39},{"text":"of","start":1402.39,"end":1402.55},{"text":"error,","start":1402.55,"end":1402.95},{"text":"miscalculation,","start":1403.43,"end":1404.63},{"text":"and","start":1404.95,"end":1405.19},{"text":"unintended","start":1405.19,"end":1406.07},{"text":"escalation.","start":1406.23,"end":1407.11}]},{"text":"These risks ultimately have human consequences.","start":1408.47,"end":1412.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":1408.47,"end":1408.79},{"text":"risks","start":1408.79,"end":1409.27},{"text":"ultimately","start":1409.43,"end":1410.23},{"text":"have","start":1410.63,"end":1410.87},{"text":"human","start":1410.87,"end":1411.27},{"text":"consequences.","start":1411.27,"end":1412.31}]},{"text":"That is why seafarers and affected communities must remain at the centre of our response.","start":1413.03,"end":1418.95,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":1413.03,"end":1413.19},{"text":"is","start":1413.19,"end":1413.35},{"text":"why","start":1413.35,"end":1413.59},{"text":"seafarers","start":1413.59,"end":1414.47},{"text":"and","start":1414.47,"end":1414.63},{"text":"affected","start":1414.63,"end":1415.03},{"text":"communities","start":1415.03,"end":1415.67},{"text":"must","start":1415.67,"end":1416.07},{"text":"remain","start":1416.07,"end":1416.55},{"text":"at","start":1416.59,"end":1416.71},{"text":"the","start":1416.71,"end":1416.83},{"text":"centre","start":1416.83,"end":1417.43},{"text":"of","start":1417.87,"end":1418.07},{"text":"our","start":1418.07,"end":1418.31},{"text":"response.","start":1418.31,"end":1418.95}]},{"text":"Our starting point, therefore, must be human agency.","start":1419.87,"end":1424.15,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":1419.87,"end":1419.99},{"text":"starting","start":1419.99,"end":1420.55},{"text":"point,","start":1420.55,"end":1421.03},{"text":"therefore,","start":1421.11,"end":1421.83},{"text":"must","start":1422.31,"end":1422.63},{"text":"be","start":1422.63,"end":1422.87},{"text":"human","start":1422.87,"end":1423.43},{"text":"agency.","start":1423.51,"end":1424.15}]},{"text":"Technology must serve humanity, not the other way around.","start":1424.87,"end":1429.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Technology","start":1424.87,"end":1425.51},{"text":"must","start":1425.51,"end":1425.99},{"text":"serve","start":1425.99,"end":1426.35},{"text":"humanity,","start":1426.35,"end":1427.11},{"text":"not","start":1427.27,"end":1427.67},{"text":"the","start":1427.71,"end":1427.79},{"text":"other","start":1427.83,"end":1428.07},{"text":"way","start":1428.07,"end":1428.31},{"text":"around.","start":1428.39,"end":1429.03}]},{"text":"This requires meaningful human oversight, clear accountability, and appropriate safeguards.","start":1430.07,"end":1436.31,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1430.07,"end":1430.31},{"text":"requires","start":1430.31,"end":1430.95},{"text":"meaningful","start":1430.95,"end":1431.43},{"text":"human","start":1431.43,"end":1431.83},{"text":"oversight,","start":1431.83,"end":1432.63},{"text":"clear","start":1432.95,"end":1433.31},{"text":"accountability,","start":1433.31,"end":1434.23},{"text":"and","start":1434.63,"end":1434.79},{"text":"appropriate","start":1434.79,"end":1435.39},{"text":"safeguards.","start":1435.39,"end":1436.31}]},{"text":"It also requires sufficient transparency, testing, and evaluation so that we can understand how these systems operate and where their limitations lie.","start":1437.19,"end":1447.19,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1437.19,"end":1437.35},{"text":"also","start":1437.35,"end":1437.67},{"text":"requires","start":1437.67,"end":1438.19},{"text":"sufficient","start":1438.19,"end":1438.67},{"text":"transparency,","start":1438.67,"end":1439.67},{"text":"testing,","start":1439.91,"end":1440.55},{"text":"and","start":1440.55,"end":1440.79},{"text":"evaluation","start":1440.79,"end":1441.67},{"text":"so","start":1442.07,"end":1442.31},{"text":"that","start":1442.31,"end":1442.47},{"text":"we","start":1442.47,"end":1442.55},{"text":"can","start":1442.55,"end":1442.79},{"text":"understand","start":1442.79,"end":1443.39},{"text":"how","start":1443.39,"end":1443.59},{"text":"these","start":1443.59,"end":1443.83},{"text":"systems","start":1443.83,"end":1444.31},{"text":"operate","start":1444.31,"end":1444.95},{"text":"and","start":1445.31,"end":1445.47},{"text":"where","start":1445.47,"end":1445.75},{"text":"their","start":1445.75,"end":1445.91},{"text":"limitations","start":1445.91,"end":1446.79},{"text":"lie.","start":1446.79,"end":1447.19}]},{"text":"The Charter of the United Nations, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the International Maritime Organization Conventions, and other applicable international law provide the foundations for our response.","start":1448.23,"end":1462.47,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. 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Prime Minister, I thank you for this opportunity.","start":1664.23,"end":1668.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Excellent.","start":1664.23,"end":1664.79},{"text":"Prime","start":1665.99,"end":1666.19},{"text":"Minister,","start":1666.19,"end":1666.59},{"text":"I","start":1666.59,"end":1666.63},{"text":"thank","start":1666.63,"end":1666.95},{"text":"you","start":1666.95,"end":1667.07},{"text":"for","start":1667.07,"end":1667.19},{"text":"this","start":1667.19,"end":1667.35},{"text":"opportunity.","start":1667.35,"end":1668.23}]},{"text":"Your Excellencies, it's an honor to be with 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when I consider how AI adapts itself to the issue of maritime security, for decades, maritime supremacy was a simple, brutal equation.","start":1757.91,"end":1768.39,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. 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Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":2181.15,"end":2181.39},{"text":"we","start":2181.39,"end":2181.55},{"text":"adapt","start":2181.55,"end":2181.95},{"text":"to","start":2181.95,"end":2182.03},{"text":"this","start":2182.03,"end":2182.27},{"text":"new","start":2182.27,"end":2182.43},{"text":"era,","start":2182.43,"end":2182.75},{"text":"we","start":2182.83,"end":2183.15},{"text":"will","start":2183.15,"end":2183.39},{"text":"own","start":2183.39,"end":2183.63},{"text":"it,","start":2183.63,"end":2183.87},{"text":"and","start":2184.27,"end":2184.39},{"text":"the","start":2184.39,"end":2184.47},{"text":"terrorists","start":2184.47,"end":2184.99},{"text":"and","start":2184.99,"end":2185.11},{"text":"the","start":2185.11,"end":2185.19},{"text":"lawbreakers","start":2185.19,"end":2186.11},{"text":"will","start":2186.27,"end":2186.43},{"text":"be","start":2186.43,"end":2186.59},{"text":"on","start":2186.59,"end":2186.79},{"text":"the","start":2186.79,"end":2186.91},{"text":"hunt","start":2186.91,"end":2187.31},{"text":"and","start":2187.71,"end":2187.87},{"text":"be","start":2187.87,"end":2188.15},{"text":"easy","start":2188.15,"end":2188.35},{"text":"to","start":2188.35,"end":2188.43},{"text":"find.","start":2188.43,"end":2188.99}]},{"text":"We will ensure that the global commons remains free, open, and secure for generations to come.","start":2189.63,"end":2195.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2189.63,"end":2189.79},{"text":"will","start":2189.79,"end":2189.99},{"text":"ensure","start":2189.99,"end":2190.43},{"text":"that","start":2190.43,"end":2190.55},{"text":"the","start":2190.55,"end":2190.67},{"text":"global","start":2190.67,"end":2191.11},{"text":"commons","start":2191.11,"end":2191.63},{"text":"remains","start":2191.63,"end":2192.03},{"text":"free,","start":2192.03,"end":2192.43},{"text":"open,","start":2192.43,"end":2192.79},{"text":"and","start":2192.79,"end":2192.95},{"text":"secure","start":2192.95,"end":2193.55},{"text":"for","start":2193.95,"end":2194.11},{"text":"generations","start":2194.11,"end":2194.83},{"text":"to","start":2194.83,"end":2194.95},{"text":"come.","start":2194.95,"end":2195.23}]},{"text":"The technology is there.","start":2195.71,"end":2197.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2195.71,"end":2195.83},{"text":"technology","start":2195.83,"end":2196.59},{"text":"is","start":2196.59,"end":2196.75},{"text":"there.","start":2196.75,"end":2197.15}]},{"text":"The ocean is waiting.","start":2197.71,"end":2198.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2197.71,"end":2197.83},{"text":"ocean","start":2197.83,"end":2198.19},{"text":"is","start":2198.19,"end":2198.35},{"text":"waiting.","start":2198.35,"end":2198.75}]},{"text":"What we need is the political will to implement this.","start":2199.15,"end":2202.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"What","start":2199.15,"end":2199.39},{"text":"we","start":2199.39,"end":2199.55},{"text":"need","start":2199.55,"end":2199.79},{"text":"is","start":2199.79,"end":2199.87},{"text":"the","start":2199.87,"end":2200.03},{"text":"political","start":2200.03,"end":2200.59},{"text":"will","start":2200.59,"end":2200.99},{"text":"to","start":2201.31,"end":2201.47},{"text":"implement","start":2201.47,"end":2201.95},{"text":"this.","start":2201.95,"end":2202.35}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":2202.83,"end":2203.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2202.83,"end":2203.11},{"text":"you.","start":2203.11,"end":2203.19}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":"Journalist and writer","affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":7,"start":2205.71,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=36:46","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Farid, for this fascinating briefing, and let me now give the floor to Mr. Michalis Vletsas.","start":2205.71,"end":2211.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2205.71,"end":2205.95},{"text":"you,","start":2205.95,"end":2206.19},{"text":"Farid,","start":2206.19,"end":2206.47},{"text":"for","start":2206.47,"end":2206.59},{"text":"this","start":2206.59,"end":2206.83},{"text":"fascinating","start":2206.83,"end":2207.55},{"text":"briefing,","start":2207.79,"end":2208.27},{"text":"and","start":2208.27,"end":2208.51},{"text":"let","start":2208.67,"end":2208.87},{"text":"me","start":2208.87,"end":2208.99},{"text":"now","start":2208.99,"end":2209.31},{"text":"give","start":2209.47,"end":2209.71},{"text":"the","start":2209.71,"end":2209.79},{"text":"floor","start":2209.79,"end":2210.19},{"text":"to","start":2210.35,"end":2210.47},{"text":"Mr.","start":2210.83,"end":2211.07},{"text":"Michalis","start":2211.07,"end":2211.43},{"text":"Vletsas.","start":2211.43,"end":2211.95}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GRC","group":null,"function":"President of the Security Council; Prime Minister","affiliation_full":"Greece"}},{"statement_number":8,"start":2213.55,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=36:54","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. President, distinguished members of the Security Council, it is a profound privilege to address this chamber on behalf of the Hellenic Republic.","start":2213.55,"end":2221.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":2213.55,"end":2213.87},{"text":"President,","start":2213.87,"end":2214.39},{"text":"distinguished","start":2214.39,"end":2214.91},{"text":"members","start":2214.91,"end":2215.43},{"text":"of","start":2215.43,"end":2215.51},{"text":"the","start":2215.51,"end":2215.63},{"text":"Security","start":2215.63,"end":2216.11},{"text":"Council,","start":2216.11,"end":2216.59},{"text":"it","start":2216.83,"end":2217.03},{"text":"is","start":2217.03,"end":2217.15},{"text":"a","start":2217.15,"end":2217.23},{"text":"profound","start":2217.23,"end":2217.71},{"text":"privilege","start":2217.71,"end":2218.27},{"text":"to","start":2218.27,"end":2218.47},{"text":"address","start":2218.47,"end":2218.83},{"text":"this","start":2218.83,"end":2219.03},{"text":"chamber","start":2219.03,"end":2219.43},{"text":"on","start":2219.43,"end":2219.51},{"text":"behalf","start":2219.51,"end":2219.91},{"text":"of","start":2219.91,"end":2219.99},{"text":"the","start":2219.99,"end":2220.07},{"text":"Hellenic","start":2220.11,"end":2220.51},{"text":"Republic.","start":2220.51,"end":2221.07}]},{"text":"More than 80% of global trade by volume moves across our oceans.","start":2221.79,"end":2225.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"More","start":2221.79,"end":2222.67},{"text":"than","start":2222.71,"end":2222.91},{"text":"80%","start":2222.91,"end":2222.95},{"text":"of","start":2222.95,"end":2223.07},{"text":"global","start":2223.07,"end":2223.47},{"text":"trade","start":2223.47,"end":2223.79},{"text":"by","start":2223.79,"end":2223.95},{"text":"volume","start":2223.95,"end":2224.39},{"text":"moves","start":2224.39,"end":2224.67},{"text":"across","start":2224.67,"end":2225.07},{"text":"our","start":2225.07,"end":2225.31},{"text":"oceans.","start":2225.31,"end":2225.87}]},{"text":"Maritime security is not merely a regional concern; 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Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":2288.71,"end":2289.03},{"text":"air","start":2289.03,"end":2289.19},{"text":"gap","start":2289.19,"end":2289.43},{"text":"no","start":2289.59,"end":2289.83},{"text":"longer","start":2289.83,"end":2290.11},{"text":"exists.","start":2290.11,"end":2290.63}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"According to Honeywell's 2026 Operational Technology Cybersecurity Benchmark Report, an alarming 87% of maritime organizations experienced a significant operational technology cybersecurity incident over the past 12 months.","start":2291.35,"end":2306.87,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. 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Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2307.79,"end":2308.11},{"text":"ranks","start":2308.11,"end":2308.47},{"text":"shipping","start":2308.47,"end":2308.91},{"text":"as","start":2308.91,"end":2309.03},{"text":"the","start":2309.03,"end":2309.15},{"text":"second","start":2309.15,"end":2309.47},{"text":"most","start":2309.55,"end":2309.83},{"text":"exposed","start":2309.83,"end":2310.39},{"text":"critical","start":2310.39,"end":2310.83},{"text":"infrastructure","start":2310.83,"end":2311.55},{"text":"sector","start":2311.55,"end":2311.91},{"text":"globally,","start":2311.91,"end":2312.43},{"text":"trailing","start":2312.43,"end":2312.91},{"text":"only","start":2312.91,"end":2313.15},{"text":"energy","start":2313.15,"end":2313.59},{"text":"and","start":2313.59,"end":2313.71},{"text":"utilities.","start":2313.71,"end":2314.43}]},{"text":"What makes this crisis acute is the profound gap between perceived maturity and actual operating readiness.","start":2315.27,"end":2324.03,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. 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Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"Every","start":2403.07,"end":2403.39},{"text":"navigation","start":2403.39,"end":2403.99},{"text":"gateway","start":2403.99,"end":2404.59},{"text":"and","start":2404.59,"end":2404.79},{"text":"industrial","start":2404.79,"end":2405.35},{"text":"control","start":2405.35,"end":2405.71},{"text":"software","start":2405.71,"end":2406.19},{"text":"must","start":2406.19,"end":2406.43},{"text":"undergo","start":2406.43,"end":2406.99},{"text":"standardized","start":2406.99,"end":2407.63},{"text":"zero-trust","start":2407.63,"end":2408.15},{"text":"verification","start":2408.15,"end":2408.99},{"text":"before","start":2409.15,"end":2409.47},{"text":"leaving","start":2409.47,"end":2409.83},{"text":"the","start":2409.83,"end":2409.95},{"text":"shipyard.","start":2409.95,"end":2410.35}]},{"text":"These vulnerabilities manifest in severe real-world operational risk on active sea lanes.","start":2411.47,"end":2416.43,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":2411.47,"end":2411.71},{"text":"vulnerabilities","start":2411.71,"end":2412.51},{"text":"manifest","start":2412.51,"end":2413.15},{"text":"in","start":2413.15,"end":2413.39},{"text":"severe","start":2413.39,"end":2413.75},{"text":"real-world","start":2413.75,"end":2414.31},{"text":"operational","start":2414.31,"end":2414.95},{"text":"risk","start":2414.95,"end":2415.23},{"text":"on","start":2415.23,"end":2415.39},{"text":"active","start":2415.39,"end":2415.79},{"text":"sea","start":2415.79,"end":2415.95},{"text":"lanes.","start":2415.95,"end":2416.43}]},{"text":"In August 2026, a Liberian-flagged very large crude carrier en route to the US Gulf Coast reportedly experienced a network incident resulting in a 30-hour communications blackout.","start":2416.75,"end":2427.75,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2416.75,"end":2416.95},{"text":"August","start":2416.95,"end":2417.31},{"text":"2026,","start":2417.39,"end":2418.27},{"text":"a","start":2418.63,"end":2418.67},{"text":"Liberian-flagged","start":2418.67,"end":2419.63},{"text":"very","start":2419.63,"end":2419.87},{"text":"large","start":2419.87,"end":2420.19},{"text":"crude","start":2420.19,"end":2420.51},{"text":"carrier","start":2420.51,"end":2421.07},{"text":"en","start":2421.07,"end":2421.23},{"text":"route","start":2421.23,"end":2421.43},{"text":"to","start":2421.43,"end":2421.51},{"text":"the","start":2421.51,"end":2421.67},{"text":"US","start":2421.83,"end":2422.03},{"text":"Gulf","start":2422.03,"end":2422.27},{"text":"Coast","start":2422.27,"end":2422.63},{"text":"reportedly","start":2422.99,"end":2423.63},{"text":"experienced","start":2423.63,"end":2424.23},{"text":"a","start":2424.23,"end":2424.27},{"text":"network","start":2424.27,"end":2424.75},{"text":"incident","start":2424.75,"end":2425.23},{"text":"resulting","start":2425.23,"end":2425.79},{"text":"in","start":2425.79,"end":2425.95},{"text":"a","start":2425.95,"end":2425.99},{"text":"30-hour","start":2425.99,"end":2426.51},{"text":"communications","start":2426.51,"end":2427.23},{"text":"blackout.","start":2427.23,"end":2427.75}]},{"text":"The blackout was remediated by a United States interagency team that boarded the ship, that had to board the ship.","start":2428.51,"end":2436.67,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2428.51,"end":2428.71},{"text":"blackout","start":2429.47,"end":2429.99},{"text":"was","start":2429.99,"end":2430.19},{"text":"remediated","start":2430.19,"end":2430.99},{"text":"by","start":2430.99,"end":2431.51},{"text":"a","start":2431.51,"end":2431.55},{"text":"United","start":2431.55,"end":2432.43},{"text":"States","start":2432.43,"end":2432.79},{"text":"interagency","start":2432.79,"end":2433.71},{"text":"team","start":2434.19,"end":2434.51},{"text":"that","start":2434.59,"end":2434.75},{"text":"boarded","start":2434.75,"end":2435.15},{"text":"the","start":2435.15,"end":2435.31},{"text":"ship,","start":2435.35,"end":2435.55},{"text":"that","start":2435.63,"end":2435.79},{"text":"had","start":2435.79,"end":2435.99},{"text":"to","start":2435.99,"end":2436.07},{"text":"board","start":2436.07,"end":2436.31},{"text":"the","start":2436.31,"end":2436.39},{"text":"ship.","start":2436.47,"end":2436.67}]},{"text":"Similarly, a liquefied natural gas carrier operating in the Mediterranean suffered an alleged control system disruption targeting steam pressure controls and cargo parameters, forcing the vessel to abort its scheduled terminal call of Rovigo, Italy.","start":2437.19,"end":2453.51,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."},{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Similarly,","start":2437.19,"end":2437.83},{"text":"a","start":2438.79,"end":2438.83},{"text":"liquefied","start":2438.87,"end":2439.51},{"text":"natural","start":2439.51,"end":2439.99},{"text":"gas","start":2439.99,"end":2440.23},{"text":"carrier","start":2440.23,"end":2440.75},{"text":"operating","start":2440.75,"end":2441.31},{"text":"in","start":2441.31,"end":2441.43},{"text":"the","start":2441.43,"end":2441.55},{"text":"Mediterranean","start":2441.55,"end":2442.47},{"text":"suffered","start":2442.47,"end":2443.11},{"text":"an","start":2443.15,"end":2443.27},{"text":"alleged","start":2443.27,"end":2443.59},{"text":"control","start":2443.59,"end":2444.07},{"text":"system","start":2444.07,"end":2444.47},{"text":"disruption","start":2444.47,"end":2445.11},{"text":"targeting","start":2445.11,"end":2445.67},{"text":"steam","start":2445.67,"end":2446.07},{"text":"pressure","start":2446.07,"end":2446.47},{"text":"controls","start":2446.47,"end":2446.95},{"text":"and","start":2447.23,"end":2447.39},{"text":"cargo","start":2447.39,"end":2447.75},{"text":"parameters,","start":2447.75,"end":2448.39},{"text":"forcing","start":2448.63,"end":2449.07},{"text":"the","start":2449.07,"end":2449.19},{"text":"vessel","start":2449.19,"end":2449.67},{"text":"to","start":2449.67,"end":2449.83},{"text":"abort","start":2449.83,"end":2450.39},{"text":"its","start":2450.39,"end":2450.51},{"text":"scheduled","start":2450.51,"end":2450.91},{"text":"terminal","start":2450.91,"end":2451.43},{"text":"call","start":2451.43,"end":2451.83},{"text":"of","start":2451.83,"end":2452.07},{"text":"Rovigo,","start":2452.31,"end":2452.95},{"text":"Italy.","start":2453.03,"end":2453.51}]},{"text":"Furthermore, academic research shows that attackers can intercept radar video streams to inject false contacts or exploit steering gear automation to override rudder commands.","start":2454.31,"end":2465.59,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":2454.31,"end":2454.95},{"text":"academic","start":2455.19,"end":2455.67},{"text":"research","start":2455.67,"end":2456.11},{"text":"shows","start":2456.11,"end":2456.39},{"text":"that","start":2456.39,"end":2456.59},{"text":"attackers","start":2456.59,"end":2457.11},{"text":"can","start":2457.11,"end":2457.31},{"text":"intercept","start":2457.31,"end":2457.95},{"text":"radar","start":2457.95,"end":2458.31},{"text":"video","start":2458.31,"end":2458.59},{"text":"streams","start":2458.59,"end":2459.03},{"text":"to","start":2459.03,"end":2459.15},{"text":"inject","start":2459.15,"end":2459.83},{"text":"false","start":2460.23,"end":2460.63},{"text":"contacts","start":2460.63,"end":2461.27},{"text":"or","start":2461.43,"end":2461.63},{"text":"exploit","start":2461.63,"end":2462.31},{"text":"steering","start":2462.31,"end":2462.87},{"text":"gear","start":2462.87,"end":2463.07},{"text":"automation","start":2463.07,"end":2463.83},{"text":"to","start":2464.15,"end":2464.27},{"text":"override","start":2464.27,"end":2464.79},{"text":"rudder","start":2464.79,"end":2465.11},{"text":"commands.","start":2465.11,"end":2465.59}]},{"text":"For a 300-meter supertanker, a cyber intrusion can turn a commercial vessel into a physical threat to navigation, the environment, and port infrastructure.","start":2466.03,"end":2474.59,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."},{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":2466.03,"end":2466.27},{"text":"a","start":2466.27,"end":2466.31},{"text":"300-meter","start":2466.31,"end":2467.07},{"text":"supertanker,","start":2467.07,"end":2467.87},{"text":"a","start":2468.03,"end":2468.07},{"text":"cyber","start":2468.07,"end":2468.43},{"text":"intrusion","start":2468.43,"end":2469.07},{"text":"can","start":2469.07,"end":2469.31},{"text":"turn","start":2469.31,"end":2469.51},{"text":"a","start":2469.51,"end":2469.55},{"text":"commercial","start":2469.55,"end":2470.03},{"text":"vessel","start":2470.03,"end":2470.59},{"text":"into","start":2470.83,"end":2471.15},{"text":"a","start":2471.15,"end":2471.19},{"text":"physical","start":2471.19,"end":2471.71},{"text":"threat","start":2471.71,"end":2471.99},{"text":"to","start":2471.99,"end":2472.07},{"text":"navigation,","start":2472.07,"end":2472.75},{"text":"the","start":2472.75,"end":2472.87},{"text":"environment,","start":2472.87,"end":2473.51},{"text":"and","start":2473.51,"end":2473.67},{"text":"port","start":2473.67,"end":2473.91},{"text":"infrastructure.","start":2473.91,"end":2474.59}]},{"text":"But maritime cyber risk extends beyond vessels to the critical infrastructures beneath the sea on which global connectivity depends.","start":2476.19,"end":2484.75,"topics":[{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":2476.19,"end":2476.35},{"text":"maritime","start":2476.35,"end":2476.99},{"text":"cyber","start":2477.79,"end":2478.23},{"text":"risk","start":2478.23,"end":2478.59},{"text":"extends","start":2478.59,"end":2479.07},{"text":"beyond","start":2479.07,"end":2479.43},{"text":"vessels","start":2479.43,"end":2479.87},{"text":"to","start":2479.87,"end":2479.99},{"text":"the","start":2479.99,"end":2480.11},{"text":"critical","start":2480.11,"end":2480.51},{"text":"infrastructures","start":2480.51,"end":2481.31},{"text":"beneath","start":2481.31,"end":2481.71},{"text":"the","start":2481.71,"end":2481.83},{"text":"sea","start":2481.83,"end":2482.19},{"text":"on","start":2482.75,"end":2482.91},{"text":"which","start":2482.91,"end":2483.15},{"text":"global","start":2483.15,"end":2483.63},{"text":"connectivity","start":2483.63,"end":2484.27},{"text":"depends.","start":2484.27,"end":2484.75}]},{"text":"Uninterrupted electricity and data connectivity via submarine cables is non-negotiable.","start":2485.11,"end":2489.95,"topics":[{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"Uninterrupted","start":2485.11,"end":2485.83},{"text":"electricity","start":2485.83,"end":2486.63},{"text":"and","start":2486.63,"end":2486.79},{"text":"data","start":2486.79,"end":2487.07},{"text":"connectivity","start":2487.07,"end":2487.75},{"text":"via","start":2487.75,"end":2487.95},{"text":"submarine","start":2487.95,"end":2488.51},{"text":"cables","start":2488.51,"end":2488.99},{"text":"is","start":2488.99,"end":2489.15},{"text":"non-negotiable.","start":2489.15,"end":2489.95}]},{"text":"Subsea fiber optic cables carry over 95% of all transcontinental internet traffic.","start":2490.43,"end":2496.35,"topics":[{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"Subsea","start":2490.43,"end":2490.99},{"text":"fiber","start":2490.99,"end":2491.47},{"text":"optic","start":2491.47,"end":2491.75},{"text":"cables","start":2491.75,"end":2492.19},{"text":"carry","start":2492.19,"end":2492.51},{"text":"over","start":2492.51,"end":2493.71},{"text":"95%","start":2494.19,"end":2494.23},{"text":"of","start":2494.23,"end":2494.35},{"text":"all","start":2494.35,"end":2494.59},{"text":"transcontinental","start":2494.59,"end":2495.55},{"text":"internet","start":2495.55,"end":2495.95},{"text":"traffic.","start":2495.95,"end":2496.35}]},{"text":"They lay exposed on the ocean floor, vulnerable to physical sabotage, dark fleet answer drugs, and digital traffic interception.","start":2496.75,"end":2505.07,"topics":[{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."},{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":2496.75,"end":2496.91},{"text":"lay","start":2496.91,"end":2497.19},{"text":"exposed","start":2497.19,"end":2497.75},{"text":"on","start":2497.75,"end":2497.87},{"text":"the","start":2497.87,"end":2497.99},{"text":"ocean","start":2497.99,"end":2498.27},{"text":"floor,","start":2498.27,"end":2498.67},{"text":"vulnerable","start":2499.07,"end":2499.59},{"text":"to","start":2499.59,"end":2499.71},{"text":"physical","start":2499.71,"end":2500.11},{"text":"sabotage,","start":2500.11,"end":2500.59},{"text":"dark","start":2501.07,"end":2501.35},{"text":"fleet","start":2501.35,"end":2501.71},{"text":"answer","start":2501.87,"end":2502.27},{"text":"drugs,","start":2502.27,"end":2502.75},{"text":"and","start":2503.15,"end":2503.59},{"text":"digital","start":2503.59,"end":2503.95},{"text":"traffic","start":2503.95,"end":2504.35},{"text":"interception.","start":2504.35,"end":2505.07}]},{"text":"To safeguard this lifeline under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Greece proposes a four-point international action plan.","start":2505.35,"end":2513.47,"topics":[{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."},{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":2505.35,"end":2505.43},{"text":"safeguard","start":2505.43,"end":2505.91},{"text":"this","start":2505.95,"end":2506.11},{"text":"lifeline","start":2506.11,"end":2506.83},{"text":"under","start":2506.87,"end":2507.31},{"text":"the","start":2507.55,"end":2507.67},{"text":"United","start":2507.79,"end":2508.19},{"text":"Nations","start":2508.19,"end":2508.71},{"text":"Convention","start":2508.71,"end":2509.31},{"text":"on","start":2509.47,"end":2509.63},{"text":"the","start":2509.63,"end":2509.71},{"text":"Law","start":2509.71,"end":2509.91},{"text":"of","start":2509.91,"end":2509.99},{"text":"the","start":2509.99,"end":2510.07},{"text":"Sea,","start":2510.07,"end":2510.39},{"text":"Greece","start":2510.67,"end":2510.91},{"text":"proposes","start":2510.91,"end":2511.55},{"text":"a","start":2511.55,"end":2511.59},{"text":"four-point","start":2511.59,"end":2512.15},{"text":"international","start":2512.15,"end":2512.91},{"text":"action","start":2512.91,"end":2513.23},{"text":"plan.","start":2513.23,"end":2513.47}]},{"text":"Number one, build on IMO's particularly sensitive sea area framework by developing appropriate designations for critical subsea cable corridors and landing approaches, supported by associated protective measures, including areas to be avoided where justified.","start":2515.07,"end":2531.23,"topics":[{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"Number","start":2515.07,"end":2515.35},{"text":"one,","start":2515.35,"end":2515.63},{"text":"build","start":2515.63,"end":2515.95},{"text":"on","start":2515.95,"end":2516.19},{"text":"IMO's","start":2516.43,"end":2516.83},{"text":"particularly","start":2516.83,"end":2517.71},{"text":"sensitive","start":2517.71,"end":2519.03},{"text":"sea","start":2519.03,"end":2519.43},{"text":"area","start":2519.43,"end":2519.71},{"text":"framework","start":2519.71,"end":2520.27},{"text":"by","start":2520.27,"end":2520.43},{"text":"developing","start":2520.43,"end":2521.15},{"text":"appropriate","start":2521.15,"end":2521.75},{"text":"designations","start":2521.75,"end":2522.63},{"text":"for","start":2522.63,"end":2522.83},{"text":"critical","start":2522.83,"end":2523.31},{"text":"subsea","start":2523.31,"end":2523.67},{"text":"cable","start":2523.67,"end":2524.11},{"text":"corridors","start":2524.11,"end":2524.71},{"text":"and","start":2524.71,"end":2524.87},{"text":"landing","start":2524.87,"end":2525.23},{"text":"approaches,","start":2525.23,"end":2525.79},{"text":"supported","start":2526.03,"end":2526.59},{"text":"by","start":2526.59,"end":2526.79},{"text":"associated","start":2526.79,"end":2527.39},{"text":"protective","start":2527.39,"end":2527.95},{"text":"measures,","start":2527.95,"end":2528.43},{"text":"including","start":2528.51,"end":2529.15},{"text":"areas","start":2529.15,"end":2529.55},{"text":"to","start":2529.55,"end":2529.67},{"text":"be","start":2529.67,"end":2529.87},{"text":"avoided","start":2529.87,"end":2530.35},{"text":"where","start":2530.35,"end":2530.59},{"text":"justified.","start":2530.59,"end":2531.23}]},{"text":"Number two, integrate AIS data, the beacons from the ships, and synthetic aperture radar imagery to identify anomalous vessel activity near critical cable routes.","start":2532.11,"end":2545.07,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."},{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"Number","start":2532.11,"end":2532.43},{"text":"two,","start":2532.43,"end":2532.67},{"text":"integrate","start":2532.67,"end":2533.39},{"text":"AIS","start":2533.71,"end":2534.51},{"text":"data,","start":2534.51,"end":2534.99},{"text":"the","start":2535.39,"end":2535.51},{"text":"beacons","start":2536.11,"end":2536.67},{"text":"from","start":2536.67,"end":2536.91},{"text":"the","start":2536.91,"end":2537.03},{"text":"ships,","start":2537.39,"end":2537.87},{"text":"and","start":2538.03,"end":2538.23},{"text":"synthetic","start":2538.23,"end":2538.75},{"text":"aperture","start":2538.75,"end":2539.31},{"text":"radar","start":2539.39,"end":2539.87},{"text":"imagery","start":2539.87,"end":2540.51},{"text":"to","start":2540.59,"end":2540.71},{"text":"identify","start":2540.71,"end":2541.39},{"text":"anomalous","start":2541.63,"end":2542.35},{"text":"vessel","start":2542.35,"end":2542.75},{"text":"activity","start":2542.75,"end":2543.31},{"text":"near","start":2543.31,"end":2543.71},{"text":"critical","start":2543.71,"end":2544.35},{"text":"cable","start":2544.35,"end":2544.75},{"text":"routes.","start":2544.75,"end":2545.07}]},{"text":"Number three, support coastal states in deploying proportionate acoustic, optical, and other monitoring capabilities at critical choke points.","start":2546.23,"end":2554.15,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. 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Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":2577.63,"end":2577.83},{"text":"one","start":2577.83,"end":2578.07},{"text":"hand,","start":2578.07,"end":2578.39},{"text":"AI","start":2579.19,"end":2579.51},{"text":"is","start":2579.51,"end":2579.67},{"text":"a","start":2579.67,"end":2579.75},{"text":"formidable","start":2579.75,"end":2580.47},{"text":"threat","start":2580.55,"end":2581.03},{"text":"multiplier.","start":2581.03,"end":2581.67}]},{"text":"99% of industrial leaders expect AI to impact operational technology security within the next two to three years.","start":2581.67,"end":2590.15,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. 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Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."},{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"Threat","start":2590.91,"end":2591.19},{"text":"actors","start":2591.19,"end":2591.67},{"text":"are","start":2591.67,"end":2591.79},{"text":"already","start":2591.79,"end":2592.23},{"text":"leveraging","start":2592.23,"end":2592.95},{"text":"AI","start":2593.19,"end":2593.59},{"text":"to","start":2593.59,"end":2593.87},{"text":"automate","start":2593.87,"end":2594.39},{"text":"vulnerability","start":2594.39,"end":2595.15},{"text":"discovery","start":2595.15,"end":2595.83},{"text":"and","start":2595.99,"end":2596.15},{"text":"manipulate","start":2596.15,"end":2597.03},{"text":"autonomous","start":2597.03,"end":2597.43},{"text":"decision","start":2597.43,"end":2597.83},{"text":"support","start":2597.83,"end":2598.19},{"text":"systems.","start":2598.19,"end":2598.71}]},{"text":"Furthermore, as the industry moves towards maritime autonomous surface ships, Research shows that adversaries can execute adversarial waypoint injection attacks, tricking autonomous ships into deviating into hostile waters.","start":2599.27,"end":2615.63,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. 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dear colleagues, let me begin by thanking you all for your participation in today's discussion.","start":2801.19,"end":2808.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Excellencies,","start":2801.19,"end":2801.91},{"text":"dear","start":2801.99,"end":2802.23},{"text":"colleagues,","start":2802.23,"end":2802.71},{"text":"let","start":2802.71,"end":2802.91},{"text":"me","start":2802.91,"end":2803.11},{"text":"begin","start":2803.11,"end":2803.67},{"text":"by","start":2803.67,"end":2803.99},{"text":"thanking","start":2804.07,"end":2804.51},{"text":"you","start":2804.51,"end":2804.67},{"text":"all","start":2804.71,"end":2805.03},{"text":"for","start":2805.03,"end":2805.19},{"text":"your","start":2805.19,"end":2805.35},{"text":"participation","start":2805.35,"end":2806.23},{"text":"in","start":2806.79,"end":2806.95},{"text":"today's","start":2806.95,"end":2807.31},{"text":"discussion.","start":2807.31,"end":2808.15}]},{"text":"I would also like to thank our briefers for their excellent 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offer remarkable opportunities, but they also create substantial new vulnerabilities.","start":2829.99,"end":2835.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":2829.99,"end":2830.15},{"text":"offer","start":2830.15,"end":2830.67},{"text":"remarkable","start":2830.67,"end":2831.35},{"text":"opportunities,","start":2831.51,"end":2832.55},{"text":"but","start":2832.59,"end":2832.71},{"text":"they","start":2832.71,"end":2832.87},{"text":"also","start":2832.87,"end":2833.27},{"text":"create","start":2833.43,"end":2833.95},{"text":"substantial","start":2833.95,"end":2834.63},{"text":"new","start":2834.63,"end":2834.79},{"text":"vulnerabilities.","start":2834.79,"end":2835.83}]},{"text":"Yet, as we consider these developments, we must not lose sight of a more fundamental issue: respect for the rules that govern our seas.","start":2836.63,"end":2846.47,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized 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Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":2902.91,"end":2903.11},{"text":"the","start":2903.11,"end":2903.23},{"text":"rules","start":2903.23,"end":2903.55},{"text":"governing","start":2903.55,"end":2904.19},{"text":"our","start":2904.27,"end":2904.51},{"text":"seas","start":2904.51,"end":2905.15},{"text":"cannot","start":2905.23,"end":2905.79},{"text":"be","start":2905.79,"end":2906.19},{"text":"rewritten","start":2906.35,"end":2907.07},{"text":"to","start":2907.39,"end":2907.59},{"text":"accommodate","start":2907.59,"end":2908.15},{"text":"the","start":2908.15,"end":2908.39},{"text":"ambitions","start":2908.47,"end":2909.31},{"text":"of","start":2909.47,"end":2909.63},{"text":"individual","start":2909.63,"end":2910.19},{"text":"states.","start":2910.19,"end":2910.67}]},{"text":"And this is particularly important at a time when we face threats to maritime security, not only from non-state actors, but also from states that openly disregard international law.","start":2911.63,"end":2923.03,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. 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of you have visited these islands.","start":3008.95,"end":3012.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Many","start":3008.95,"end":3009.23},{"text":"of","start":3009.23,"end":3009.35},{"text":"you","start":3009.35,"end":3009.59},{"text":"have","start":3009.99,"end":3010.59},{"text":"visited","start":3010.59,"end":3011.11},{"text":"these","start":3011.35,"end":3011.67},{"text":"islands.","start":3011.67,"end":3012.15}]},{"text":"Crete, my own ancestral homeland, is one of the largest islands in the Mediterranean.","start":3012.75,"end":3018.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Crete,","start":3012.75,"end":3013.23},{"text":"my","start":3013.31,"end":3013.55},{"text":"own","start":3013.55,"end":3013.87},{"text":"ancestral","start":3013.95,"end":3014.67},{"text":"homeland,","start":3014.83,"end":3015.39},{"text":"is","start":3015.71,"end":3015.95},{"text":"one","start":3015.95,"end":3016.11},{"text":"of","start":3016.11,"end":3016.19},{"text":"the","start":3016.19,"end":3016.27},{"text":"largest","start":3016.27,"end":3016.83},{"text":"islands","start":3016.83,"end":3017.31},{"text":"in","start":3017.31,"end":3017.43},{"text":"the","start":3017.43,"end":3017.55},{"text":"Mediterranean.","start":3017.55,"end":3018.27}]},{"text":"It has more than 620,000 inhabitants.","start":3018.67,"end":3021.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3018.67,"end":3018.75},{"text":"has","start":3018.75,"end":3019.07},{"text":"more","start":3019.07,"end":3019.31},{"text":"than","start":3019.31,"end":3019.55},{"text":"620,000","start":3019.55,"end":3021.15},{"text":"inhabitants.","start":3021.15,"end":3021.79}]},{"text":"Rhodes is home to another 125,000.","start":3022.59,"end":3025.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Rhodes","start":3022.59,"end":3022.99},{"text":"is","start":3022.99,"end":3023.15},{"text":"home","start":3023.15,"end":3023.31},{"text":"to","start":3023.31,"end":3023.43},{"text":"another","start":3023.43,"end":3023.79},{"text":"125,000.","start":3023.79,"end":3025.07}]},{"text":"The islands of Karpathos and Kasos have tens of thousands more.","start":3025.63,"end":3029.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3025.63,"end":3025.75},{"text":"islands","start":3025.75,"end":3026.03},{"text":"of","start":3026.07,"end":3026.19},{"text":"Karpathos","start":3026.27,"end":3026.99},{"text":"and","start":3027.39,"end":3027.59},{"text":"Kasos","start":3027.59,"end":3028.03},{"text":"have","start":3028.03,"end":3028.27},{"text":"tens","start":3028.27,"end":3028.55},{"text":"of","start":3028.55,"end":3028.67},{"text":"thousands","start":3028.67,"end":3029.31},{"text":"more.","start":3029.39,"end":3029.79}]},{"text":"These are not uninhabited rocks in the middle of the sea.","start":3030.75,"end":3035.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":3030.75,"end":3031.15},{"text":"are","start":3031.15,"end":3031.35},{"text":"not","start":3031.35,"end":3031.79},{"text":"uninhabited","start":3032.43,"end":3033.23},{"text":"rocks","start":3033.31,"end":3033.87},{"text":"in","start":3034.43,"end":3034.59},{"text":"the","start":3034.59,"end":3034.67},{"text":"middle","start":3034.67,"end":3034.95},{"text":"of","start":3034.95,"end":3035.07},{"text":"the","start":3035.07,"end":3035.19},{"text":"sea.","start":3035.19,"end":3035.51}]},{"text":"They are thriving communities.","start":3036.11,"end":3038.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":3036.11,"end":3036.31},{"text":"are","start":3036.31,"end":3036.51},{"text":"thriving","start":3036.51,"end":3037.07},{"text":"communities.","start":3037.31,"end":3038.03}]},{"text":"with centuries of history, with vibrant economies, with hundreds of thousands of people who call them home.","start":3038.55,"end":3044.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"with","start":3038.55,"end":3038.71},{"text":"centuries","start":3038.71,"end":3039.31},{"text":"of","start":3039.31,"end":3039.39},{"text":"history,","start":3039.39,"end":3039.91},{"text":"with","start":3040.23,"end":3040.39},{"text":"vibrant","start":3040.39,"end":3040.87},{"text":"economies,","start":3040.87,"end":3041.51},{"text":"with","start":3041.67,"end":3041.95},{"text":"hundreds","start":3041.95,"end":3042.59},{"text":"of","start":3042.59,"end":3042.71},{"text":"thousands","start":3042.71,"end":3043.19},{"text":"of","start":3043.19,"end":3043.27},{"text":"people","start":3043.27,"end":3043.55},{"text":"who","start":3043.55,"end":3043.67},{"text":"call","start":3043.67,"end":3043.99},{"text":"them","start":3043.99,"end":3044.15},{"text":"home.","start":3044.15,"end":3044.43}]},{"text":"And yet this memorandum simply pretends that they do not exist.","start":3045.35,"end":3050.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3045.35,"end":3045.55},{"text":"yet","start":3045.55,"end":3045.91},{"text":"this","start":3045.91,"end":3046.23},{"text":"memorandum","start":3046.23,"end":3046.87},{"text":"simply","start":3046.95,"end":3047.67},{"text":"pretends","start":3047.67,"end":3048.39},{"text":"that","start":3048.55,"end":3048.71},{"text":"they","start":3048.71,"end":3048.87},{"text":"do","start":3048.87,"end":3049.11},{"text":"not","start":3049.11,"end":3049.51},{"text":"exist.","start":3049.59,"end":3050.23}]},{"text":"But geography, ladies and gentlemen, cannot be rewritten, and sovereign rights cannot be erased by drawing arbitrary lines on a map.","start":3050.95,"end":3060.55,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and 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Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":3050.95,"end":3051.15},{"text":"geography,","start":3051.15,"end":3051.91},{"text":"ladies","start":3052.07,"end":3052.31},{"text":"and","start":3052.31,"end":3052.43},{"text":"gentlemen,","start":3052.43,"end":3052.79},{"text":"cannot","start":3052.79,"end":3053.27},{"text":"be","start":3053.27,"end":3053.43},{"text":"rewritten,","start":3053.43,"end":3053.91},{"text":"and","start":3054.63,"end":3054.99},{"text":"sovereign","start":3054.99,"end":3055.51},{"text":"rights","start":3055.51,"end":3055.91},{"text":"cannot","start":3055.91,"end":3056.47},{"text":"be","start":3056.47,"end":3056.87},{"text":"erased","start":3057.35,"end":3057.99},{"text":"by","start":3057.99,"end":3058.15},{"text":"drawing","start":3058.15,"end":3058.55},{"text":"arbitrary","start":3058.55,"end":3059.11},{"text":"lines","start":3059.11,"end":3059.67},{"text":"on","start":3060.07,"end":3060.19},{"text":"a","start":3060.19,"end":3060.23},{"text":"map.","start":3060.23,"end":3060.55}]},{"text":"The Mediterranean is shared by 21 coastal states.","start":3061.67,"end":3066.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3061.67,"end":3061.79},{"text":"Mediterranean","start":3061.79,"end":3062.39},{"text":"is","start":3062.95,"end":3063.11},{"text":"shared","start":3063.11,"end":3063.75},{"text":"by","start":3064.15,"end":3064.39},{"text":"21","start":3064.39,"end":3065.11},{"text":"coastal","start":3065.11,"end":3065.63},{"text":"states.","start":3065.63,"end":3066.07}]},{"text":"Maritime boundaries are meant to delimitate neighboring states, not simply between friends.","start":3066.99,"end":3074.83,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"Maritime","start":3066.99,"end":3067.71},{"text":"boundaries","start":3067.87,"end":3068.67},{"text":"are","start":3068.99,"end":3069.23},{"text":"meant","start":3069.23,"end":3069.51},{"text":"to","start":3069.51,"end":3069.59},{"text":"delimitate","start":3069.59,"end":3070.35},{"text":"neighboring","start":3070.35,"end":3070.83},{"text":"states,","start":3070.83,"end":3071.47},{"text":"not","start":3072.67,"end":3072.99},{"text":"simply","start":3072.99,"end":3073.39},{"text":"between","start":3073.95,"end":3074.31},{"text":"friends.","start":3074.31,"end":3074.83}]},{"text":"The maritime delimitation agreement concluded between Greece and Egypt in 2020 stands as a model of how neighboring states can reach mutually agreed solutions in full accordance with international law.","start":3075.55,"end":3089.79,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. 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Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"Without","start":3093.79,"end":3094.19},{"text":"respect","start":3094.19,"end":3094.83},{"text":"for","start":3095.07,"end":3095.23},{"text":"common","start":3095.23,"end":3095.55},{"text":"rules,","start":3095.55,"end":3096.03},{"text":"Our","start":3096.59,"end":3096.75},{"text":"Mare","start":3096.75,"end":3097.07},{"text":"Nostrum","start":3097.07,"end":3097.71},{"text":"risks","start":3098.11,"end":3098.59},{"text":"becoming","start":3098.59,"end":3099.07},{"text":"a","start":3099.07,"end":3099.15},{"text":"jungle","start":3099.15,"end":3099.63},{"text":"of","start":3099.63,"end":3099.71},{"text":"competing","start":3099.71,"end":3100.43},{"text":"claims","start":3100.43,"end":3100.91},{"text":"and","start":3101.47,"end":3101.75},{"text":"self-serving","start":3101.75,"end":3102.51},{"text":"arrangements.","start":3102.51,"end":3103.23}]},{"text":"Imagine Greece and Tunisia deciding to delimit their maritime zones as if Sicily and Malta simply did not exist.","start":3104.19,"end":3113.79,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"Imagine","start":3104.19,"end":3104.83},{"text":"Greece","start":3105.39,"end":3106.03},{"text":"and","start":3106.19,"end":3106.39},{"text":"Tunisia","start":3106.39,"end":3106.99},{"text":"deciding","start":3107.55,"end":3108.19},{"text":"to","start":3108.19,"end":3108.31},{"text":"delimit","start":3108.31,"end":3108.79},{"text":"their","start":3108.79,"end":3108.91},{"text":"maritime","start":3108.91,"end":3109.39},{"text":"zones","start":3109.39,"end":3109.87},{"text":"as","start":3110.43,"end":3110.67},{"text":"if","start":3110.67,"end":3110.79},{"text":"Sicily","start":3110.79,"end":3111.39},{"text":"and","start":3111.67,"end":3111.79},{"text":"Malta","start":3111.79,"end":3112.35},{"text":"simply","start":3112.59,"end":3112.99},{"text":"did","start":3112.99,"end":3113.15},{"text":"not","start":3113.15,"end":3113.31},{"text":"exist.","start":3113.31,"end":3113.79}]},{"text":"Would anyone seriously consider such an arrangement as legitimate?","start":3114.51,"end":3119.31,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. 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Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"International","start":3120.35,"end":3121.03},{"text":"law","start":3121.03,"end":3121.23},{"text":"is","start":3121.55,"end":3121.79},{"text":"absolutely","start":3121.87,"end":3122.75},{"text":"clear.","start":3122.75,"end":3123.15}]},{"text":"Islands are entitled to maritime zones, including a continental shelf and an exclusive economic zone, in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, whose relevant provisions, let me repeat, reflect customary law binding all states.","start":3123.95,"end":3142.75,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. 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Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3332.67,"end":3332.79},{"text":"we","start":3332.79,"end":3332.91},{"text":"cannot","start":3332.91,"end":3333.19},{"text":"allow","start":3333.19,"end":3333.63},{"text":"arbitrary","start":3334.11,"end":3334.75},{"text":"maritime","start":3334.75,"end":3335.23},{"text":"claims","start":3335.23,"end":3335.71},{"text":"to","start":3335.71,"end":3335.79},{"text":"become","start":3335.79,"end":3336.19},{"text":"instruments","start":3336.19,"end":3336.99},{"text":"for","start":3337.31,"end":3337.59},{"text":"holding","start":3337.59,"end":3337.99},{"text":"back","start":3337.99,"end":3338.35},{"text":"the","start":3338.35,"end":3338.47},{"text":"economic","start":3338.47,"end":3338.87},{"text":"development","start":3338.87,"end":3339.43},{"text":"and","start":3339.43,"end":3339.55},{"text":"prosperity","start":3339.55,"end":3340.27},{"text":"of","start":3340.67,"end":3340.79},{"text":"an","start":3340.79,"end":3340.91},{"text":"entire","start":3340.91,"end":3341.19},{"text":"region.","start":3341.19,"end":3341.55}]},{"text":"Ladies and gentlemen, what is at stake in the Eastern Mediterranean is part of a much broader challenge, one that affects not only international peace and security, but also the prosperity and everyday lives of billions of people.","start":3342.55,"end":3356.07,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Ladies","start":3342.55,"end":3342.75},{"text":"and","start":3342.75,"end":3342.87},{"text":"gentlemen,","start":3342.87,"end":3343.43},{"text":"what","start":3343.59,"end":3343.83},{"text":"is","start":3343.83,"end":3343.99},{"text":"at","start":3343.99,"end":3344.07},{"text":"stake","start":3344.07,"end":3344.43},{"text":"in","start":3344.43,"end":3344.51},{"text":"the","start":3344.51,"end":3344.59},{"text":"Eastern","start":3344.59,"end":3344.95},{"text":"Mediterranean","start":3344.95,"end":3345.59},{"text":"is","start":3345.99,"end":3346.23},{"text":"part","start":3346.23,"end":3346.59},{"text":"of","start":3346.59,"end":3346.71},{"text":"a","start":3346.71,"end":3346.79},{"text":"much","start":3346.79,"end":3347.27},{"text":"broader","start":3347.35,"end":3347.75},{"text":"challenge,","start":3347.75,"end":3348.15},{"text":"one","start":3348.95,"end":3349.23},{"text":"that","start":3349.23,"end":3349.35},{"text":"affects","start":3349.35,"end":3349.75},{"text":"not","start":3349.75,"end":3349.99},{"text":"only","start":3349.99,"end":3350.19},{"text":"international","start":3350.19,"end":3350.79},{"text":"peace","start":3350.79,"end":3351.11},{"text":"and","start":3351.11,"end":3351.23},{"text":"security,","start":3351.23,"end":3351.83},{"text":"but","start":3352.39,"end":3352.63},{"text":"also","start":3352.63,"end":3352.91},{"text":"the","start":3352.91,"end":3353.03},{"text":"prosperity","start":3353.03,"end":3353.91},{"text":"and","start":3354.23,"end":3354.43},{"text":"everyday","start":3354.43,"end":3354.75},{"text":"lives","start":3354.75,"end":3355.11},{"text":"of","start":3355.11,"end":3355.27},{"text":"billions","start":3355.27,"end":3355.71},{"text":"of","start":3355.71,"end":3355.83},{"text":"people.","start":3355.83,"end":3356.07}]},{"text":"It was mentioned by our briefers, more than 80% of global merchandise trade by volume travels by sea.","start":3356.71,"end":3364.63,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3356.71,"end":3356.79},{"text":"was","start":3356.79,"end":3356.95},{"text":"mentioned","start":3356.95,"end":3357.43},{"text":"by","start":3357.59,"end":3357.79},{"text":"our","start":3357.79,"end":3357.91},{"text":"briefers,","start":3357.91,"end":3358.39},{"text":"more","start":3359.03,"end":3359.35},{"text":"than","start":3359.35,"end":3359.67},{"text":"80%","start":3360.95,"end":3360.99},{"text":"of","start":3360.99,"end":3361.11},{"text":"global","start":3361.11,"end":3361.43},{"text":"merchandise","start":3361.43,"end":3361.99},{"text":"trade","start":3361.99,"end":3362.31},{"text":"by","start":3362.31,"end":3362.47},{"text":"volume","start":3362.47,"end":3363.03},{"text":"travels","start":3363.59,"end":3364.15},{"text":"by","start":3364.15,"end":3364.27},{"text":"sea.","start":3364.27,"end":3364.63}]},{"text":"Ships carry the energy that power our economies.","start":3365.35,"end":3368.87,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Ships","start":3365.35,"end":3365.75},{"text":"carry","start":3365.75,"end":3366.47},{"text":"the","start":3366.47,"end":3366.55},{"text":"energy","start":3366.55,"end":3367.11},{"text":"that","start":3367.43,"end":3367.67},{"text":"power","start":3367.67,"end":3367.95},{"text":"our","start":3367.95,"end":3368.19},{"text":"economies.","start":3368.19,"end":3368.87}]},{"text":"the food that feed our populations, the goods that connect our markets.","start":3369.75,"end":3373.83,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"the","start":3369.75,"end":3369.91},{"text":"food","start":3369.91,"end":3370.31},{"text":"that","start":3370.47,"end":3370.71},{"text":"feed","start":3370.71,"end":3370.91},{"text":"our","start":3370.91,"end":3370.99},{"text":"populations,","start":3370.99,"end":3371.83},{"text":"the","start":3372.39,"end":3372.55},{"text":"goods","start":3372.55,"end":3372.79},{"text":"that","start":3372.79,"end":3372.91},{"text":"connect","start":3372.91,"end":3373.23},{"text":"our","start":3373.23,"end":3373.35},{"text":"markets.","start":3373.35,"end":3373.83}]},{"text":"And it is an illusion to believe that alternative land routes could replace maritime trade at such a scale.","start":3374.63,"end":3382.39,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3374.63,"end":3374.83},{"text":"it","start":3374.83,"end":3374.91},{"text":"is","start":3374.91,"end":3375.03},{"text":"an","start":3375.03,"end":3375.11},{"text":"illusion","start":3375.11,"end":3375.67},{"text":"to","start":3376.23,"end":3376.35},{"text":"believe","start":3376.35,"end":3376.79},{"text":"that","start":3376.79,"end":3377.03},{"text":"alternative","start":3377.03,"end":3377.75},{"text":"land","start":3377.75,"end":3378.07},{"text":"routes","start":3378.07,"end":3378.47},{"text":"could","start":3379.03,"end":3379.27},{"text":"replace","start":3379.27,"end":3379.99},{"text":"maritime","start":3380.23,"end":3380.87},{"text":"trade","start":3380.87,"end":3381.35},{"text":"at","start":3381.67,"end":3381.79},{"text":"such","start":3381.79,"end":3381.99},{"text":"a","start":3381.99,"end":3382.03},{"text":"scale.","start":3382.03,"end":3382.39}]},{"text":"This extraordinary system of global trade and commerce has been one of the greatest engines of global prosperity and technological progress.","start":3383.11,"end":3392.71,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3383.11,"end":3383.31},{"text":"extraordinary","start":3383.31,"end":3384.23},{"text":"system","start":3384.31,"end":3384.95},{"text":"of","start":3385.23,"end":3385.35},{"text":"global","start":3385.35,"end":3385.67},{"text":"trade","start":3385.67,"end":3385.91},{"text":"and","start":3385.91,"end":3386.07},{"text":"commerce","start":3386.07,"end":3386.55},{"text":"has","start":3387.03,"end":3387.19},{"text":"been","start":3387.19,"end":3387.43},{"text":"one","start":3387.43,"end":3387.59},{"text":"of","start":3387.59,"end":3387.67},{"text":"the","start":3387.67,"end":3387.75},{"text":"greatest","start":3387.75,"end":3388.39},{"text":"engines","start":3388.39,"end":3389.03},{"text":"of","start":3389.31,"end":3389.51},{"text":"global","start":3389.51,"end":3389.91},{"text":"prosperity","start":3389.91,"end":3390.79},{"text":"and","start":3391.19,"end":3391.43},{"text":"technological","start":3391.43,"end":3392.15},{"text":"progress.","start":3392.15,"end":3392.71}]},{"text":"But its success rests on one fundamental condition.","start":3393.51,"end":3396.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":3393.51,"end":3393.67},{"text":"its","start":3393.67,"end":3393.79},{"text":"success","start":3393.79,"end":3394.47},{"text":"rests","start":3394.63,"end":3395.03},{"text":"on","start":3395.03,"end":3395.19},{"text":"one","start":3395.19,"end":3395.43},{"text":"fundamental","start":3395.43,"end":3396.07},{"text":"condition.","start":3396.07,"end":3396.55}]},{"text":"that maritime routes remain open, free, and secure.","start":3397.27,"end":3401.03,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."},{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"that","start":3397.27,"end":3397.43},{"text":"maritime","start":3397.43,"end":3397.91},{"text":"routes","start":3397.91,"end":3398.23},{"text":"remain","start":3398.23,"end":3398.63},{"text":"open,","start":3398.87,"end":3399.27},{"text":"free,","start":3399.83,"end":3400.15},{"text":"and","start":3400.51,"end":3400.63},{"text":"secure.","start":3400.63,"end":3401.03}]},{"text":"And today, unfortunately, that condition can no longer be taken for granted.","start":3401.87,"end":3406.47,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3401.87,"end":3401.99},{"text":"today,","start":3401.99,"end":3402.19},{"text":"unfortunately,","start":3402.19,"end":3403.03},{"text":"that","start":3403.43,"end":3403.83},{"text":"condition","start":3403.83,"end":3404.39},{"text":"can","start":3404.79,"end":3404.95},{"text":"no","start":3404.95,"end":3405.11},{"text":"longer","start":3405.11,"end":3405.43},{"text":"be","start":3405.43,"end":3405.55},{"text":"taken","start":3405.55,"end":3405.83},{"text":"for","start":3405.83,"end":3405.95},{"text":"granted.","start":3405.95,"end":3406.47}]},{"text":"From the Straits of Hormuz to the Red Sea, from the Black Sea to other critical maritime choke points.","start":3407.11,"end":3412.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"From","start":3407.11,"end":3407.27},{"text":"the","start":3407.27,"end":3407.39},{"text":"Straits","start":3407.39,"end":3407.75},{"text":"of","start":3407.75,"end":3407.83},{"text":"Hormuz","start":3407.83,"end":3408.23},{"text":"to","start":3408.23,"end":3408.31},{"text":"the","start":3408.31,"end":3408.39},{"text":"Red","start":3408.39,"end":3408.59},{"text":"Sea,","start":3408.59,"end":3409.03},{"text":"from","start":3409.59,"end":3409.75},{"text":"the","start":3409.75,"end":3409.83},{"text":"Black","start":3409.83,"end":3410.15},{"text":"Sea","start":3410.15,"end":3410.39},{"text":"to","start":3410.39,"end":3410.51},{"text":"other","start":3410.51,"end":3410.71},{"text":"critical","start":3410.71,"end":3411.11},{"text":"maritime","start":3411.11,"end":3411.59},{"text":"choke","start":3411.59,"end":3411.71},{"text":"points.","start":3411.71,"end":3412.23}]},{"text":"Just yesterday, another commercial cargo vessel, owned by a Greek company, was attacked and sank in the Black Sea.","start":3412.87,"end":3421.43,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"Just","start":3412.87,"end":3413.19},{"text":"yesterday,","start":3413.19,"end":3413.67},{"text":"another","start":3414.31,"end":3414.71},{"text":"commercial","start":3414.71,"end":3415.35},{"text":"cargo","start":3415.59,"end":3415.99},{"text":"vessel,","start":3415.99,"end":3416.39},{"text":"owned","start":3416.87,"end":3417.11},{"text":"by","start":3417.11,"end":3417.23},{"text":"a","start":3417.23,"end":3417.27},{"text":"Greek","start":3417.27,"end":3417.51},{"text":"company,","start":3417.51,"end":3417.99},{"text":"was","start":3418.55,"end":3418.71},{"text":"attacked","start":3418.71,"end":3419.19},{"text":"and","start":3419.35,"end":3419.55},{"text":"sank","start":3419.55,"end":3420.07},{"text":"in","start":3420.71,"end":3420.83},{"text":"the","start":3420.83,"end":3420.91},{"text":"Black","start":3420.91,"end":3421.07},{"text":"Sea.","start":3421.07,"end":3421.43}]},{"text":"We strongly condemn this attack, targeted civilian commercial shipping, is completely unacceptable.","start":3422.31,"end":3429.11,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3422.31,"end":3422.47},{"text":"strongly","start":3422.47,"end":3422.87},{"text":"condemn","start":3422.87,"end":3423.19},{"text":"this","start":3423.19,"end":3423.35},{"text":"attack,","start":3423.35,"end":3423.75},{"text":"targeted","start":3424.47,"end":3425.11},{"text":"civilian","start":3425.27,"end":3426.07},{"text":"commercial","start":3426.39,"end":3426.87},{"text":"shipping,","start":3426.87,"end":3427.27},{"text":"is","start":3427.43,"end":3427.67},{"text":"completely","start":3427.67,"end":3428.39},{"text":"unacceptable.","start":3428.47,"end":3429.11}]},{"text":"It is yet another reminder for the urgent need for a global maritime truce, ensuring that commercial vessels can navigate safely and freely, even in times of conflict.","start":3429.83,"end":3442.15,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. 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Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Threats","start":3448.79,"end":3449.27},{"text":"to","start":3449.27,"end":3449.43},{"text":"freedom","start":3449.43,"end":3449.75},{"text":"of","start":3449.75,"end":3449.83},{"text":"navigation","start":3449.83,"end":3450.55},{"text":"disrupt","start":3450.63,"end":3451.31},{"text":"global","start":3451.31,"end":3451.59},{"text":"supply","start":3451.59,"end":3451.99},{"text":"chains,","start":3451.99,"end":3452.47},{"text":"they","start":3452.87,"end":3453.03},{"text":"drive","start":3453.03,"end":3453.43},{"text":"up","start":3453.43,"end":3453.59},{"text":"shipping","start":3453.91,"end":3454.47},{"text":"and","start":3454.47,"end":3454.67},{"text":"insurance","start":3454.67,"end":3455.07},{"text":"costs,","start":3455.07,"end":3455.59},{"text":"They","start":3456.07,"end":3456.15},{"text":"create","start":3456.15,"end":3456.63},{"text":"uncertainty","start":3456.71,"end":3457.43},{"text":"across","start":3457.67,"end":3458.07},{"text":"international","start":3458.07,"end":3458.59},{"text":"markets.","start":3458.59,"end":3459.11}]},{"text":"Ultimately, it is our citizens that pay the price.","start":3459.83,"end":3463.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ultimately,","start":3459.83,"end":3460.47},{"text":"it","start":3460.55,"end":3460.71},{"text":"is","start":3460.71,"end":3460.95},{"text":"our","start":3461.03,"end":3461.19},{"text":"citizens","start":3461.19,"end":3461.99},{"text":"that","start":3462.15,"end":3462.39},{"text":"pay","start":3462.39,"end":3462.55},{"text":"the","start":3462.55,"end":3462.67},{"text":"price.","start":3462.67,"end":3463.11}]},{"text":"At a time when households are already struggling with the cost of living, maritime insecurity adds further pressure on energy and commodity prices.","start":3464.11,"end":3473.83,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":3464.11,"end":3464.19},{"text":"a","start":3464.19,"end":3464.23},{"text":"time","start":3464.23,"end":3464.51},{"text":"when","start":3464.51,"end":3464.71},{"text":"households","start":3464.71,"end":3465.43},{"text":"are","start":3465.91,"end":3465.99},{"text":"already","start":3465.99,"end":3466.31},{"text":"struggling","start":3466.31,"end":3466.95},{"text":"with","start":3467.27,"end":3467.43},{"text":"the","start":3467.43,"end":3467.51},{"text":"cost","start":3467.51,"end":3467.83},{"text":"of","start":3467.83,"end":3467.91},{"text":"living,","start":3467.91,"end":3468.31},{"text":"maritime","start":3468.79,"end":3469.51},{"text":"insecurity","start":3469.51,"end":3470.47},{"text":"adds","start":3470.87,"end":3471.27},{"text":"further","start":3471.27,"end":3471.59},{"text":"pressure","start":3471.59,"end":3472.11},{"text":"on","start":3472.11,"end":3472.23},{"text":"energy","start":3472.23,"end":3472.67},{"text":"and","start":3472.67,"end":3472.79},{"text":"commodity","start":3472.79,"end":3473.27},{"text":"prices.","start":3473.27,"end":3473.83}]},{"text":"It fuels inflation.","start":3474.39,"end":3475.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3474.39,"end":3474.55},{"text":"fuels","start":3474.55,"end":3474.95},{"text":"inflation.","start":3474.95,"end":3475.51}]},{"text":"It aggravates food insecurity.","start":3475.99,"end":3478.63,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3475.99,"end":3476.15},{"text":"aggravates","start":3476.15,"end":3476.79},{"text":"food","start":3476.79,"end":3477.15},{"text":"insecurity.","start":3477.75,"end":3478.63}]},{"text":"And as we heard from our briefers, these new technologies are making these challenges even more complex.","start":3479.43,"end":3485.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3479.43,"end":3479.67},{"text":"as","start":3479.67,"end":3479.83},{"text":"we","start":3479.83,"end":3479.91},{"text":"heard","start":3479.91,"end":3480.07},{"text":"from","start":3480.07,"end":3480.23},{"text":"our","start":3480.23,"end":3480.39},{"text":"briefers,","start":3480.39,"end":3480.87},{"text":"these","start":3481.11,"end":3481.27},{"text":"new","start":3481.27,"end":3481.43},{"text":"technologies","start":3481.43,"end":3482.31},{"text":"are","start":3482.83,"end":3482.95},{"text":"making","start":3482.95,"end":3483.23},{"text":"these","start":3483.23,"end":3483.43},{"text":"challenges","start":3483.43,"end":3483.99},{"text":"even","start":3483.99,"end":3484.31},{"text":"more","start":3484.31,"end":3484.55},{"text":"complex.","start":3484.55,"end":3485.19}]},{"text":"The cost of disruption, unfortunately, has never been so low, and the potential economic consequences have rarely been so high.","start":3485.83,"end":3493.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3485.83,"end":3485.99},{"text":"cost","start":3485.99,"end":3486.35},{"text":"of","start":3486.35,"end":3486.47},{"text":"disruption,","start":3486.47,"end":3487.11},{"text":"unfortunately,","start":3487.75,"end":3488.51},{"text":"has","start":3488.51,"end":3488.63},{"text":"never","start":3488.67,"end":3488.87},{"text":"been","start":3488.87,"end":3489.11},{"text":"so","start":3489.11,"end":3489.23},{"text":"low,","start":3489.23,"end":3489.59},{"text":"and","start":3490.11,"end":3490.23},{"text":"the","start":3490.23,"end":3490.35},{"text":"potential","start":3490.35,"end":3490.79},{"text":"economic","start":3490.79,"end":3491.19},{"text":"consequences","start":3491.19,"end":3491.99},{"text":"have","start":3492.31,"end":3492.63},{"text":"rarely","start":3492.63,"end":3492.95},{"text":"been","start":3492.95,"end":3493.19},{"text":"so","start":3493.19,"end":3493.35},{"text":"high.","start":3493.35,"end":3493.59}]},{"text":"And this brings us also to Europe's responsibility.","start":3494.63,"end":3497.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3494.63,"end":3494.75},{"text":"this","start":3494.75,"end":3494.95},{"text":"brings","start":3494.95,"end":3495.19},{"text":"us","start":3495.19,"end":3495.27},{"text":"also","start":3495.27,"end":3495.83},{"text":"to","start":3495.99,"end":3496.11},{"text":"Europe's","start":3496.11,"end":3496.59},{"text":"responsibility.","start":3496.59,"end":3497.47}]},{"text":"Europe cannot aspire to be a global economic power while remaining a spectator when the security of its trade routes are at stake.","start":3498.15,"end":3509.11,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Europe","start":3498.15,"end":3498.63},{"text":"cannot","start":3499.11,"end":3499.67},{"text":"aspire","start":3499.67,"end":3500.23},{"text":"to","start":3500.87,"end":3500.95},{"text":"be","start":3500.95,"end":3501.11},{"text":"a","start":3501.11,"end":3501.15},{"text":"global","start":3501.15,"end":3501.51},{"text":"economic","start":3501.51,"end":3501.91},{"text":"power","start":3501.91,"end":3502.31},{"text":"while","start":3502.87,"end":3503.35},{"text":"remaining","start":3503.35,"end":3504.23},{"text":"a","start":3504.39,"end":3504.43},{"text":"spectator","start":3504.43,"end":3505.27},{"text":"when","start":3505.95,"end":3506.15},{"text":"the","start":3506.15,"end":3506.23},{"text":"security","start":3506.23,"end":3506.95},{"text":"of","start":3506.95,"end":3507.11},{"text":"its","start":3507.11,"end":3507.35},{"text":"trade","start":3507.35,"end":3507.67},{"text":"routes","start":3507.67,"end":3508.07},{"text":"are","start":3508.31,"end":3508.59},{"text":"at","start":3508.59,"end":3508.71},{"text":"stake.","start":3508.71,"end":3509.11}]},{"text":"We must be prepared, as Europeans, to assume greater responsibility for security and stability in our wider neighborhood.","start":3510.03,"end":3517.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3510.03,"end":3510.19},{"text":"must","start":3510.19,"end":3510.59},{"text":"be","start":3510.59,"end":3510.67},{"text":"prepared,","start":3510.67,"end":3511.23},{"text":"as","start":3511.39,"end":3511.55},{"text":"Europeans,","start":3511.55,"end":3512.11},{"text":"to","start":3512.11,"end":3512.31},{"text":"assume","start":3512.31,"end":3512.59},{"text":"greater","start":3512.59,"end":3513.03},{"text":"responsibility","start":3513.03,"end":3513.95},{"text":"for","start":3513.95,"end":3514.15},{"text":"security","start":3514.15,"end":3514.75},{"text":"and","start":3515.03,"end":3515.19},{"text":"stability","start":3515.19,"end":3515.87},{"text":"in","start":3515.95,"end":3516.15},{"text":"our","start":3516.15,"end":3516.27},{"text":"wider","start":3516.27,"end":3516.63},{"text":"neighborhood.","start":3516.63,"end":3517.07}]},{"text":"And this means deploying hard assets, strengthening our operational capabilities, and being ready to act when freedom of navigation is threatened.","start":3517.83,"end":3528.03,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. 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They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3546.11,"end":3546.31},{"text":"need","start":3546.31,"end":3546.51},{"text":"a","start":3546.51,"end":3546.59},{"text":"stronger","start":3546.59,"end":3546.99},{"text":"European","start":3546.99,"end":3547.47},{"text":"security","start":3547.47,"end":3547.91},{"text":"presence","start":3547.91,"end":3548.31},{"text":"in","start":3548.31,"end":3548.43},{"text":"our","start":3548.43,"end":3548.51},{"text":"wider","start":3548.51,"end":3549.11},{"text":"region,","start":3549.11,"end":3549.55},{"text":"working","start":3549.95,"end":3550.35},{"text":"closely","start":3550.35,"end":3550.91},{"text":"with","start":3550.99,"end":3551.23},{"text":"our","start":3551.23,"end":3551.31},{"text":"partners.","start":3551.31,"end":3551.87}]},{"text":"Because protecting maritime security means safeguarding the prosperity of our citizens, the resilience of our economies, and ultimately the foundations of international peace and stability.","start":3552.59,"end":3562.99,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. 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They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."}],"words":[{"text":"Artificial","start":3572.11,"end":3572.63},{"text":"intelligence,","start":3572.63,"end":3573.31},{"text":"satellites,","start":3573.71,"end":3574.59},{"text":"advanced","start":3575.07,"end":3575.55},{"text":"sensors","start":3575.55,"end":3576.19},{"text":"can","start":3576.67,"end":3576.91},{"text":"transform","start":3576.91,"end":3577.59},{"text":"maritime","start":3577.79,"end":3578.27},{"text":"surveillance,","start":3578.27,"end":3578.91},{"text":"improve","start":3579.39,"end":3580.03},{"text":"early","start":3580.11,"end":3580.43},{"text":"warning,","start":3580.43,"end":3580.91},{"text":"and","start":3581.15,"end":3581.31},{"text":"strengthen","start":3581.31,"end":3581.95},{"text":"our","start":3582.27,"end":3582.43},{"text":"ability","start":3582.43,"end":3582.91},{"text":"to","start":3582.91,"end":3582.99},{"text":"prevent","start":3582.99,"end":3583.43},{"text":"and","start":3583.43,"end":3583.55},{"text":"respond","start":3583.55,"end":3583.99},{"text":"to","start":3583.99,"end":3584.07},{"text":"threats.","start":3584.11,"end":3584.59}]},{"text":"The technology alone, unfortunately, is not a strategy.","start":3585.31,"end":3587.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3585.31,"end":3585.39},{"text":"technology","start":3585.39,"end":3585.95},{"text":"alone,","start":3585.95,"end":3586.27},{"text":"unfortunately,","start":3586.27,"end":3586.79},{"text":"is","start":3586.79,"end":3586.91},{"text":"not","start":3586.91,"end":3587.07},{"text":"a","start":3587.07,"end":3587.11},{"text":"strategy.","start":3587.11,"end":3587.63}]},{"text":"We must turn information into intelligence, and intelligence into effective action.","start":3588.43,"end":3593.71,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. 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They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."}],"words":[{"text":"We're","start":3603.23,"end":3603.51},{"text":"investing","start":3603.51,"end":3604.19},{"text":"in","start":3604.43,"end":3604.59},{"text":"advanced","start":3604.59,"end":3605.03},{"text":"surveillance","start":3605.03,"end":3605.55},{"text":"and","start":3605.55,"end":3605.67},{"text":"command","start":3605.67,"end":3605.99},{"text":"and","start":3605.99,"end":3606.11},{"text":"control","start":3606.11,"end":3606.43},{"text":"capabilities.","start":3606.43,"end":3607.23}]},{"text":"We're integrating satellite sensors and vessel tracking systems to build a comprehensive, real-time picture of maritime activity.","start":3607.71,"end":3616.03,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. 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the second-half of 2027, maritime security will remain very high on our 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Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3669.31,"end":3669.39},{"text":"choice","start":3669.39,"end":3669.67},{"text":"begins","start":3669.67,"end":3670.03},{"text":"with","start":3670.03,"end":3670.19},{"text":"respect","start":3670.19,"end":3670.75},{"text":"for","start":3671.15,"end":3671.35},{"text":"international","start":3671.35,"end":3672.07},{"text":"law.","start":3672.07,"end":3672.15}]},{"text":"For Greece, a nation which is shaped by the sea, with thousands of islands, with the world's largest merchant fleet, this is a matter of vital importance.","start":3672.75,"end":3682.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":3672.75,"end":3672.91},{"text":"Greece,","start":3672.91,"end":3673.39},{"text":"a","start":3673.79,"end":3673.83},{"text":"nation","start":3673.83,"end":3674.19},{"text":"which","start":3674.19,"end":3674.43},{"text":"is","start":3674.43,"end":3674.67},{"text":"shaped","start":3674.67,"end":3674.99},{"text":"by","start":3674.99,"end":3675.11},{"text":"the","start":3675.11,"end":3675.19},{"text":"sea,","start":3675.19,"end":3675.63},{"text":"with","start":3675.79,"end":3676.03},{"text":"thousands","start":3676.03,"end":3676.59},{"text":"of","start":3676.59,"end":3676.75},{"text":"islands,","start":3676.75,"end":3677.23},{"text":"with","start":3677.23,"end":3677.35},{"text":"the","start":3677.35,"end":3677.47},{"text":"world's","start":3677.47,"end":3677.95},{"text":"largest","start":3677.95,"end":3678.59},{"text":"merchant","start":3678.83,"end":3679.23},{"text":"fleet,","start":3679.23,"end":3679.55},{"text":"this","start":3680.03,"end":3680.15},{"text":"is","start":3680.15,"end":3680.27},{"text":"a","start":3680.27,"end":3680.35},{"text":"matter","start":3680.35,"end":3680.83},{"text":"of","start":3680.95,"end":3681.11},{"text":"vital","start":3681.11,"end":3681.55},{"text":"importance.","start":3681.55,"end":3682.35}]},{"text":"Freedom of navigation depends on maritime security, and maritime security depends on the respect for international law.","start":3683.07,"end":3690.39,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. 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Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":3691.27,"end":3691.39},{"text":"underpin","start":3691.39,"end":3691.83},{"text":"global","start":3691.83,"end":3692.15},{"text":"trade,","start":3692.15,"end":3692.43},{"text":"prosperity,","start":3692.43,"end":3693.03},{"text":"and","start":3693.03,"end":3693.15},{"text":"peace.","start":3693.15,"end":3693.59}]},{"text":"And as Greece approaches its end, the end of its term on the Security Council, let me reaffirm our commitment.","start":3694.23,"end":3701.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3694.23,"end":3694.51},{"text":"as","start":3694.51,"end":3694.63},{"text":"Greece","start":3694.63,"end":3694.95},{"text":"approaches","start":3694.95,"end":3695.51},{"text":"its","start":3695.51,"end":3695.91},{"text":"end,","start":3696.15,"end":3696.55},{"text":"the","start":3697.27,"end":3697.39},{"text":"end","start":3697.43,"end":3697.63},{"text":"of","start":3697.63,"end":3697.75},{"text":"its","start":3697.75,"end":3697.91},{"text":"term","start":3697.91,"end":3698.11},{"text":"on","start":3698.11,"end":3698.19},{"text":"the","start":3698.19,"end":3698.31},{"text":"Security","start":3698.31,"end":3698.79},{"text":"Council,","start":3698.79,"end":3699.27},{"text":"let","start":3699.83,"end":3700.07},{"text":"me","start":3700.07,"end":3700.23},{"text":"reaffirm","start":3700.23,"end":3700.87},{"text":"our","start":3700.87,"end":3700.95},{"text":"commitment.","start":3700.95,"end":3701.59}]},{"text":"Greece will remain a steadfast defendant of international law and freedom of navigation, working with all partners to keep our seas open, secure, and peaceful.","start":3702.47,"end":3711.99,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."},{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"Greece","start":3702.47,"end":3702.79},{"text":"will","start":3702.79,"end":3703.11},{"text":"remain","start":3703.11,"end":3703.55},{"text":"a","start":3703.55,"end":3703.59},{"text":"steadfast","start":3703.59,"end":3704.47},{"text":"defendant","start":3704.71,"end":3705.23},{"text":"of","start":3705.23,"end":3705.31},{"text":"international","start":3705.31,"end":3706.11},{"text":"law","start":3706.11,"end":3706.19},{"text":"and","start":3706.19,"end":3706.35},{"text":"freedom","start":3706.35,"end":3706.59},{"text":"of","start":3706.59,"end":3706.67},{"text":"navigation,","start":3706.67,"end":3707.27},{"text":"working","start":3707.91,"end":3708.39},{"text":"with","start":3708.39,"end":3708.63},{"text":"all","start":3708.63,"end":3708.95},{"text":"partners","start":3708.95,"end":3709.55},{"text":"to","start":3709.55,"end":3709.67},{"text":"keep","start":3709.67,"end":3710.07},{"text":"our","start":3710.23,"end":3710.39},{"text":"seas","start":3710.39,"end":3710.71},{"text":"open,","start":3710.71,"end":3711.07},{"text":"secure,","start":3711.07,"end":3711.39},{"text":"and","start":3711.39,"end":3711.51},{"text":"peaceful.","start":3711.51,"end":3711.99}]},{"text":"Because what happens at sea shapes the future of all of us.","start":3712.71,"end":3717.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Because","start":3712.71,"end":3713.11},{"text":"what","start":3713.11,"end":3713.27},{"text":"happens","start":3713.27,"end":3713.71},{"text":"at","start":3713.71,"end":3713.79},{"text":"sea","start":3713.79,"end":3714.15},{"text":"shapes","start":3714.79,"end":3715.19},{"text":"the","start":3715.19,"end":3715.27},{"text":"future","start":3715.27,"end":3715.83},{"text":"of","start":3716.43,"end":3716.51},{"text":"all","start":3716.51,"end":3716.67},{"text":"of","start":3716.67,"end":3716.75},{"text":"us.","start":3716.75,"end":3717.03}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":3718.39,"end":3718.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3718.39,"end":3718.63},{"text":"you.","start":3718.63,"end":3718.79}]},{"text":"So, let me now resume my function as President of the Council and give the floor to Her Excellency Madame Éléonore Caroi, Minister Delegate for Francophonie, International Partnerships, and French Nationals Abroad, attached to the Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France.","start":3720.23,"end":3740.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So,","start":3720.23,"end":3720.47},{"text":"let","start":3720.55,"end":3720.67},{"text":"me","start":3720.67,"end":3720.83},{"text":"now","start":3721.03,"end":3721.35},{"text":"resume","start":3721.67,"end":3722.03},{"text":"my","start":3722.03,"end":3722.15},{"text":"function","start":3722.15,"end":3722.59},{"text":"as","start":3722.59,"end":3722.71},{"text":"President","start":3722.71,"end":3723.11},{"text":"of","start":3723.11,"end":3723.19},{"text":"the","start":3723.19,"end":3723.27},{"text":"Council","start":3723.27,"end":3723.67},{"text":"and","start":3724.39,"end":3724.83},{"text":"give","start":3725.03,"end":3725.35},{"text":"the","start":3725.35,"end":3725.43},{"text":"floor","start":3725.43,"end":3725.83},{"text":"to","start":3725.83,"end":3725.95},{"text":"Her","start":3725.95,"end":3726.23},{"text":"Excellency","start":3726.23,"end":3727.35},{"text":"Madame","start":3728.39,"end":3728.87},{"text":"Éléonore","start":3728.91,"end":3729.51},{"text":"Caroi,","start":3729.67,"end":3730.15},{"text":"Minister","start":3730.63,"end":3731.11},{"text":"Delegate","start":3731.11,"end":3731.67},{"text":"for","start":3731.67,"end":3732.15},{"text":"Francophonie,","start":3732.23,"end":3732.91},{"text":"International","start":3732.91,"end":3733.51},{"text":"Partnerships,","start":3733.51,"end":3734.31},{"text":"and","start":3734.47,"end":3734.67},{"text":"French","start":3734.67,"end":3735.03},{"text":"Nationals","start":3735.03,"end":3735.59},{"text":"Abroad,","start":3735.59,"end":3736.15},{"text":"attached","start":3736.71,"end":3737.15},{"text":"to","start":3737.15,"end":3737.23},{"text":"the","start":3737.23,"end":3737.35},{"text":"Minister","start":3737.35,"end":3737.99},{"text":"for","start":3737.99,"end":3738.23},{"text":"Europe","start":3738.23,"end":3738.63},{"text":"and","start":3738.79,"end":3738.95},{"text":"Foreign","start":3738.95,"end":3739.27},{"text":"Affairs","start":3739.27,"end":3739.83},{"text":"of","start":3740.31,"end":3740.39},{"text":"France.","start":3740.39,"end":3740.79}]},{"text":"Madame la Ministre, vous avez la parole.","start":3741.79,"end":3743.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madame","start":3741.79,"end":3741.99},{"text":"la","start":3741.99,"end":3742.07},{"text":"Ministre,","start":3742.07,"end":3742.47},{"text":"vous","start":3742.47,"end":3742.59},{"text":"avez","start":3742.83,"end":3742.99},{"text":"la","start":3742.99,"end":3743.07},{"text":"parole.","start":3743.15,"end":3743.39}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GRC","group":null,"function":"Prime Minister; President of the Security Council","affiliation_full":"Greece"}},{"statement_number":10,"start":3743.75,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=1:02:24","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Madame Minister, you have the floor.","start":3743.75,"end":3744.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madame","start":3743.75,"end":3743.95},{"text":"Minister,","start":3743.95,"end":3744.27},{"text":"you","start":3744.27,"end":3744.35},{"text":"have","start":3744.35,"end":3744.47},{"text":"the","start":3744.47,"end":3744.55},{"text":"floor.","start":3744.55,"end":3744.79}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GRC","group":null,"function":"President of the Security Council; Prime Minister","affiliation_full":"Greece"}},{"statement_number":11,"start":3746.35,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=1:02:27","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Mr. Prime Minister, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen.","start":3746.35,"end":3749.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3746.35,"end":3746.75},{"text":"you","start":3746.75,"end":3746.91},{"text":"very","start":3746.91,"end":3747.11},{"text":"much,","start":3747.11,"end":3747.39},{"text":"Mr.","start":3747.39,"end":3747.79},{"text":"Prime","start":3747.79,"end":3747.99},{"text":"Minister,","start":3747.99,"end":3748.39},{"text":"Excellencies,","start":3748.39,"end":3748.99},{"text":"ladies","start":3748.99,"end":3749.31},{"text":"and","start":3749.31,"end":3749.43},{"text":"gentlemen.","start":3749.43,"end":3749.95}]},{"text":"Mr. Prime Minister, I'd like to thank you for organizing this meeting, and I also thank the briefers for their interventions.","start":3750.19,"end":3756.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":3750.19,"end":3750.47},{"text":"Prime","start":3750.47,"end":3750.63},{"text":"Minister,","start":3750.63,"end":3750.95},{"text":"I'd","start":3750.95,"end":3751.15},{"text":"like","start":3751.15,"end":3751.27},{"text":"to","start":3751.27,"end":3751.35},{"text":"thank","start":3751.35,"end":3751.55},{"text":"you","start":3751.55,"end":3751.71},{"text":"for","start":3751.71,"end":3751.99},{"text":"organizing","start":3751.99,"end":3752.43},{"text":"this","start":3752.43,"end":3752.59},{"text":"meeting,","start":3752.59,"end":3752.99},{"text":"and","start":3752.99,"end":3753.15},{"text":"I","start":3753.15,"end":3753.23},{"text":"also","start":3753.23,"end":3753.47},{"text":"thank","start":3753.47,"end":3753.75},{"text":"the","start":3753.75,"end":3753.91},{"text":"briefers","start":3754.03,"end":3754.67},{"text":"for","start":3754.75,"end":3754.99},{"text":"their","start":3754.99,"end":3755.39},{"text":"interventions.","start":3755.87,"end":3756.91}]},{"text":"This debate is very timely because the issue of protecting freedom of navigation is now a particularly acute issue, as you have just heard.","start":3757.23,"end":3765.71,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. 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Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3757.23,"end":3757.47},{"text":"debate","start":3757.47,"end":3757.79},{"text":"is","start":3757.79,"end":3757.87},{"text":"very","start":3757.87,"end":3758.11},{"text":"timely","start":3758.11,"end":3758.67},{"text":"because","start":3758.67,"end":3759.51},{"text":"the","start":3759.51,"end":3759.59},{"text":"issue","start":3759.59,"end":3760.11},{"text":"of","start":3760.11,"end":3760.31},{"text":"protecting","start":3760.31,"end":3760.83},{"text":"freedom","start":3760.83,"end":3761.11},{"text":"of","start":3761.11,"end":3761.19},{"text":"navigation","start":3761.19,"end":3762.11},{"text":"is","start":3762.35,"end":3762.67},{"text":"now","start":3762.67,"end":3762.99},{"text":"a","start":3763.15,"end":3763.19},{"text":"particularly","start":3763.19,"end":3763.87},{"text":"acute","start":3763.87,"end":3764.27},{"text":"issue,","start":3764.27,"end":3764.63},{"text":"as","start":3764.63,"end":3764.75},{"text":"you","start":3764.75,"end":3764.91},{"text":"have","start":3764.91,"end":3765.07},{"text":"just","start":3765.07,"end":3765.39},{"text":"heard.","start":3765.39,"end":3765.71}]},{"text":"In a context marked by the return to the use of force and an increasing number of conflicts, the diversification of threats, maritime spaces have become primary areas of confrontation.","start":3766.27,"end":3778.27,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3766.27,"end":3766.47},{"text":"a","start":3766.47,"end":3766.51},{"text":"context","start":3766.51,"end":3767.07},{"text":"marked","start":3767.07,"end":3767.47},{"text":"by","start":3767.47,"end":3767.79},{"text":"the","start":3767.87,"end":3768.07},{"text":"return","start":3768.07,"end":3768.51},{"text":"to","start":3768.51,"end":3768.59},{"text":"the","start":3768.59,"end":3768.71},{"text":"use","start":3768.71,"end":3769.07},{"text":"of","start":3769.07,"end":3769.15},{"text":"force","start":3769.15,"end":3769.59},{"text":"and","start":3769.59,"end":3769.71},{"text":"an","start":3769.71,"end":3769.79},{"text":"increasing","start":3769.79,"end":3770.27},{"text":"number","start":3770.27,"end":3770.63},{"text":"of","start":3770.63,"end":3770.75},{"text":"conflicts,","start":3770.75,"end":3771.47},{"text":"the","start":3771.55,"end":3771.75},{"text":"diversification","start":3771.79,"end":3772.83},{"text":"of","start":3772.83,"end":3772.91},{"text":"threats,","start":3772.91,"end":3773.39},{"text":"maritime","start":3773.79,"end":3774.23},{"text":"spaces","start":3774.23,"end":3774.67},{"text":"have","start":3774.67,"end":3774.83},{"text":"become","start":3774.83,"end":3775.39},{"text":"primary","start":3775.95,"end":3776.67},{"text":"areas","start":3776.67,"end":3777.11},{"text":"of","start":3777.11,"end":3777.23},{"text":"confrontation.","start":3777.23,"end":3778.27}]},{"text":"Mining, attacks with heavy weapons or drones, piracy, illicit trafficking, the sabotage of critical undersea infrastructure, and cyberattacks are all undermining the security of trade routes, the safety of seafarers, and more broadly, maritime safety as a whole.","start":3778.43,"end":3795.55,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."},{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."},{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."},{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"Mining,","start":3778.43,"end":3779.15},{"text":"attacks","start":3779.47,"end":3779.95},{"text":"with","start":3779.95,"end":3780.11},{"text":"heavy","start":3780.11,"end":3780.35},{"text":"weapons","start":3780.35,"end":3780.75},{"text":"or","start":3780.75,"end":3780.91},{"text":"drones,","start":3780.91,"end":3781.47},{"text":"piracy,","start":3781.55,"end":3782.27},{"text":"illicit","start":3782.43,"end":3782.91},{"text":"trafficking,","start":3782.91,"end":3783.63},{"text":"the","start":3783.95,"end":3784.11},{"text":"sabotage","start":3784.11,"end":3784.91},{"text":"of","start":3784.91,"end":3785.23},{"text":"critical","start":3785.23,"end":3785.71},{"text":"undersea","start":3785.71,"end":3786.19},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":3786.19,"end":3786.83},{"text":"and","start":3786.83,"end":3787.11},{"text":"cyberattacks","start":3787.11,"end":3787.99},{"text":"are","start":3787.99,"end":3788.07},{"text":"all","start":3788.07,"end":3788.43},{"text":"undermining","start":3788.43,"end":3789.23},{"text":"the","start":3789.31,"end":3789.43},{"text":"security","start":3789.47,"end":3790.11},{"text":"of","start":3790.11,"end":3790.19},{"text":"trade","start":3790.19,"end":3790.59},{"text":"routes,","start":3790.59,"end":3790.91},{"text":"the","start":3791.23,"end":3791.35},{"text":"safety","start":3791.39,"end":3791.87},{"text":"of","start":3791.87,"end":3792.03},{"text":"seafarers,","start":3792.03,"end":3792.67},{"text":"and","start":3792.67,"end":3792.83},{"text":"more","start":3792.83,"end":3793.07},{"text":"broadly,","start":3793.07,"end":3793.63},{"text":"maritime","start":3793.87,"end":3794.51},{"text":"safety","start":3794.51,"end":3794.91},{"text":"as","start":3794.91,"end":3795.07},{"text":"a","start":3795.07,"end":3795.11},{"text":"whole.","start":3795.11,"end":3795.55}]},{"text":"These phenomena are a reminder of our collective vulnerability to any hindrance to freedom of navigation, and of the need to preserve the integrity of the treaty framework relating to maritime safety and security.","start":3795.79,"end":3810.27,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":3795.79,"end":3796.11},{"text":"phenomena","start":3796.23,"end":3796.67},{"text":"are","start":3796.67,"end":3796.95},{"text":"a","start":3796.95,"end":3796.99},{"text":"reminder","start":3796.99,"end":3797.59},{"text":"of","start":3797.59,"end":3797.71},{"text":"our","start":3797.71,"end":3797.87},{"text":"collective","start":3797.87,"end":3798.47},{"text":"vulnerability","start":3798.47,"end":3799.47},{"text":"to","start":3799.71,"end":3799.95},{"text":"any","start":3800.11,"end":3800.51},{"text":"hindrance","start":3800.51,"end":3801.11},{"text":"to","start":3801.11,"end":3801.47},{"text":"freedom","start":3801.47,"end":3801.83},{"text":"of","start":3801.83,"end":3801.95},{"text":"navigation,","start":3801.95,"end":3802.75},{"text":"and","start":3803.23,"end":3803.63},{"text":"of","start":3803.63,"end":3803.75},{"text":"the","start":3803.75,"end":3803.87},{"text":"need","start":3803.87,"end":3804.15},{"text":"to","start":3804.15,"end":3804.43},{"text":"preserve","start":3804.43,"end":3805.07},{"text":"the","start":3805.07,"end":3805.27},{"text":"integrity","start":3805.31,"end":3806.19},{"text":"of","start":3806.19,"end":3806.35},{"text":"the","start":3806.35,"end":3806.47},{"text":"treaty","start":3806.47,"end":3806.99},{"text":"framework","start":3806.99,"end":3807.63},{"text":"relating","start":3807.63,"end":3808.27},{"text":"to","start":3808.27,"end":3808.43},{"text":"maritime","start":3808.59,"end":3809.07},{"text":"safety","start":3809.07,"end":3809.35},{"text":"and","start":3809.35,"end":3809.51},{"text":"security.","start":3809.51,"end":3810.27}]},{"text":"Faced with these developments, emerging technologies, of course, offer considerable prospects, but they also, as we have heard this morning, pose many challenges.","start":3811.35,"end":3821.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Faced","start":3811.35,"end":3811.67},{"text":"with","start":3811.67,"end":3811.79},{"text":"these","start":3811.79,"end":3812.15},{"text":"developments,","start":3812.15,"end":3812.95},{"text":"emerging","start":3813.19,"end":3813.75},{"text":"technologies,","start":3813.75,"end":3814.55},{"text":"of","start":3814.55,"end":3814.71},{"text":"course,","start":3814.71,"end":3815.19},{"text":"offer","start":3815.35,"end":3815.67},{"text":"considerable","start":3815.67,"end":3816.47},{"text":"prospects,","start":3816.47,"end":3817.11},{"text":"but","start":3817.11,"end":3817.35},{"text":"they","start":3817.35,"end":3817.59},{"text":"also,","start":3817.59,"end":3818.31},{"text":"as","start":3818.47,"end":3818.79},{"text":"we","start":3818.79,"end":3819.03},{"text":"have","start":3819.03,"end":3819.27},{"text":"heard","start":3819.27,"end":3819.67},{"text":"this","start":3819.75,"end":3820.07},{"text":"morning,","start":3820.07,"end":3820.55},{"text":"pose","start":3820.55,"end":3820.95},{"text":"many","start":3820.95,"end":3821.27},{"text":"challenges.","start":3821.27,"end":3821.99}]},{"text":"First of all, artificial intelligence could transform our approach to maritime security by improving our awareness of the maritime domain, data analysis, early warning systems.","start":3822.23,"end":3832.07,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."}],"words":[{"text":"First","start":3822.23,"end":3822.55},{"text":"of","start":3822.55,"end":3822.71},{"text":"all,","start":3822.71,"end":3822.87},{"text":"artificial","start":3822.87,"end":3823.43},{"text":"intelligence","start":3823.43,"end":3824.07},{"text":"could","start":3824.07,"end":3824.27},{"text":"transform","start":3824.27,"end":3824.87},{"text":"our","start":3824.87,"end":3824.95},{"text":"approach","start":3824.95,"end":3825.59},{"text":"to","start":3825.59,"end":3825.75},{"text":"maritime","start":3825.75,"end":3826.31},{"text":"security","start":3826.31,"end":3827.03},{"text":"by","start":3827.19,"end":3827.43},{"text":"improving","start":3827.43,"end":3827.99},{"text":"our","start":3827.99,"end":3828.11},{"text":"awareness","start":3828.11,"end":3828.87},{"text":"of","start":3828.87,"end":3828.95},{"text":"the","start":3828.95,"end":3829.07},{"text":"maritime","start":3829.07,"end":3829.43},{"text":"domain,","start":3829.43,"end":3829.99},{"text":"data","start":3829.99,"end":3830.35},{"text":"analysis,","start":3830.35,"end":3830.95},{"text":"early","start":3830.95,"end":3831.19},{"text":"warning","start":3831.19,"end":3831.51},{"text":"systems.","start":3831.51,"end":3832.07}]},{"text":"It makes it possible to more quickly detect suspect activities, secure navigation, and strengthen the resilience of our ports and critical infrastructure, including undersea cables.","start":3832.55,"end":3843.43,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."},{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3832.55,"end":3832.63},{"text":"makes","start":3832.63,"end":3832.87},{"text":"it","start":3832.87,"end":3832.95},{"text":"possible","start":3832.95,"end":3833.43},{"text":"to","start":3833.43,"end":3833.83},{"text":"more","start":3833.91,"end":3834.23},{"text":"quickly","start":3834.23,"end":3834.63},{"text":"detect","start":3834.63,"end":3835.11},{"text":"suspect","start":3835.11,"end":3835.63},{"text":"activities,","start":3835.63,"end":3836.39},{"text":"secure","start":3836.39,"end":3836.87},{"text":"navigation,","start":3836.87,"end":3837.59},{"text":"and","start":3837.67,"end":3837.99},{"text":"strengthen","start":3837.99,"end":3838.39},{"text":"the","start":3838.39,"end":3838.51},{"text":"resilience","start":3838.51,"end":3839.11},{"text":"of","start":3839.11,"end":3839.35},{"text":"our","start":3839.35,"end":3839.59},{"text":"ports","start":3839.59,"end":3840.15},{"text":"and","start":3840.15,"end":3840.39},{"text":"critical","start":3840.39,"end":3840.71},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":3840.71,"end":3841.35},{"text":"including","start":3841.35,"end":3842.07},{"text":"undersea","start":3842.31,"end":3842.79},{"text":"cables.","start":3842.79,"end":3843.43}]},{"text":"It also offers the chance for us to go from reaction to anticipation, which is extremely important.","start":3844.07,"end":3850.47,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3844.07,"end":3844.31},{"text":"also","start":3844.31,"end":3844.71},{"text":"offers","start":3844.71,"end":3845.11},{"text":"the","start":3845.11,"end":3845.23},{"text":"chance","start":3845.43,"end":3845.71},{"text":"for","start":3845.71,"end":3845.87},{"text":"us","start":3845.87,"end":3845.99},{"text":"to","start":3845.99,"end":3846.11},{"text":"go","start":3846.11,"end":3846.39},{"text":"from","start":3846.39,"end":3846.63},{"text":"reaction","start":3846.63,"end":3847.43},{"text":"to","start":3847.51,"end":3847.83},{"text":"anticipation,","start":3847.99,"end":3849.03},{"text":"which","start":3849.03,"end":3849.19},{"text":"is","start":3849.19,"end":3849.31},{"text":"extremely","start":3849.31,"end":3849.75},{"text":"important.","start":3849.75,"end":3850.47}]},{"text":"However, these capacities are a double-edged sword.","start":3850.71,"end":3853.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":3850.71,"end":3851.23},{"text":"these","start":3851.23,"end":3851.67},{"text":"capacities","start":3851.67,"end":3852.47},{"text":"are","start":3852.47,"end":3852.67},{"text":"a","start":3852.67,"end":3852.79},{"text":"double-edged","start":3852.79,"end":3853.39},{"text":"sword.","start":3853.39,"end":3853.83}]},{"text":"The same technologies that can be very useful can also make it easier to manipulate data, carry out attacks, or disrupt essential systems.","start":3853.83,"end":3863.67,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. 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Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"Autonomous","start":3864.39,"end":3864.87},{"text":"maritime","start":3864.87,"end":3865.27},{"text":"systems","start":3865.27,"end":3865.83},{"text":"are","start":3865.83,"end":3865.99},{"text":"a","start":3865.99,"end":3866.07},{"text":"second","start":3866.07,"end":3866.39},{"text":"issue.","start":3866.39,"end":3866.79}]},{"text":"Their development is strengthening surveillance and naval projection capacities, and also increasing operational possibilities.","start":3866.79,"end":3874.31,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"Their","start":3866.79,"end":3867.03},{"text":"development","start":3867.03,"end":3867.67},{"text":"is","start":3867.67,"end":3867.75},{"text":"strengthening","start":3867.75,"end":3868.47},{"text":"surveillance","start":3868.87,"end":3869.67},{"text":"and","start":3869.67,"end":3869.91},{"text":"naval","start":3869.91,"end":3870.31},{"text":"projection","start":3870.39,"end":3870.99},{"text":"capacities,","start":3870.99,"end":3871.67},{"text":"and","start":3871.67,"end":3871.83},{"text":"also","start":3871.83,"end":3872.23},{"text":"increasing","start":3872.23,"end":3872.87},{"text":"operational","start":3872.87,"end":3873.51},{"text":"possibilities.","start":3873.51,"end":3874.31}]},{"text":"However, the proliferation of these systems also brings with it risks: diversion by non-state actors, threats against civilian infrastructure, and these risks, ladies and gentlemen, call for a high level of regulation.","start":3874.31,"end":3888.15,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. 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Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":3874.31,"end":3874.87},{"text":"the","start":3875.03,"end":3875.19},{"text":"proliferation","start":3875.19,"end":3875.87},{"text":"of","start":3875.87,"end":3875.99},{"text":"these","start":3875.99,"end":3876.19},{"text":"systems","start":3876.19,"end":3876.79},{"text":"also","start":3876.87,"end":3877.19},{"text":"brings","start":3877.19,"end":3877.43},{"text":"with","start":3877.43,"end":3877.59},{"text":"it","start":3877.59,"end":3877.75},{"text":"risks:","start":3877.75,"end":3878.23},{"text":"diversion","start":3878.23,"end":3878.87},{"text":"by","start":3878.87,"end":3878.95},{"text":"non-state","start":3878.95,"end":3879.51},{"text":"actors,","start":3879.51,"end":3880.07},{"text":"threats","start":3880.39,"end":3880.79},{"text":"against","start":3880.79,"end":3881.27},{"text":"civilian","start":3881.27,"end":3881.75},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":3881.75,"end":3882.55},{"text":"and","start":3882.87,"end":3883.15},{"text":"these","start":3883.15,"end":3883.43},{"text":"risks,","start":3883.43,"end":3883.91},{"text":"ladies","start":3884.15,"end":3884.47},{"text":"and","start":3884.47,"end":3884.59},{"text":"gentlemen,","start":3884.59,"end":3885.27},{"text":"call","start":3885.51,"end":3885.99},{"text":"for","start":3885.99,"end":3886.47},{"text":"a","start":3886.63,"end":3886.67},{"text":"high","start":3886.67,"end":3886.95},{"text":"level","start":3886.95,"end":3887.19},{"text":"of","start":3887.19,"end":3887.27},{"text":"regulation.","start":3887.27,"end":3888.15}]},{"text":"Cyberattacks against ships, ports, and critical maritime infrastructure are disrupting logistics chains, undermining the safety of navigation, and threatening the continuity of international trade.","start":3889.03,"end":3900.63,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. 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Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Cyberattacks","start":3889.03,"end":3889.67},{"text":"against","start":3889.67,"end":3890.07},{"text":"ships,","start":3890.07,"end":3890.63},{"text":"ports,","start":3890.63,"end":3891.19},{"text":"and","start":3891.19,"end":3891.35},{"text":"critical","start":3891.35,"end":3891.71},{"text":"maritime","start":3891.71,"end":3892.07},{"text":"infrastructure","start":3892.07,"end":3892.87},{"text":"are","start":3892.87,"end":3892.95},{"text":"disrupting","start":3892.95,"end":3893.59},{"text":"logistics","start":3893.59,"end":3894.79},{"text":"chains,","start":3894.87,"end":3895.35},{"text":"undermining","start":3895.67,"end":3896.39},{"text":"the","start":3896.47,"end":3896.67},{"text":"safety","start":3896.87,"end":3897.31},{"text":"of","start":3897.31,"end":3897.43},{"text":"navigation,","start":3897.43,"end":3897.99},{"text":"and","start":3897.99,"end":3898.19},{"text":"threatening","start":3898.19,"end":3898.79},{"text":"the","start":3898.79,"end":3898.99},{"text":"continuity","start":3898.99,"end":3899.63},{"text":"of","start":3899.63,"end":3899.71},{"text":"international","start":3899.71,"end":3900.23},{"text":"trade.","start":3900.23,"end":3900.63}]},{"text":"We must therefore collectively look at cybersecurity as a fully-fledged component of maritime safety and security.","start":3900.79,"end":3907.75,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3900.79,"end":3901.03},{"text":"must","start":3901.03,"end":3901.31},{"text":"therefore","start":3901.31,"end":3901.63},{"text":"collectively","start":3901.63,"end":3902.23},{"text":"look","start":3902.23,"end":3902.55},{"text":"at","start":3902.55,"end":3902.63},{"text":"cybersecurity","start":3902.63,"end":3903.59},{"text":"as","start":3903.75,"end":3904.23},{"text":"a","start":3904.31,"end":3904.35},{"text":"fully-fledged","start":3904.35,"end":3904.91},{"text":"component","start":3904.91,"end":3905.67},{"text":"of","start":3905.67,"end":3905.99},{"text":"maritime","start":3905.99,"end":3906.63},{"text":"safety","start":3906.63,"end":3906.95},{"text":"and","start":3906.95,"end":3907.07},{"text":"security.","start":3907.07,"end":3907.75}]},{"text":"Faced with these challenges, our response must be based on a fundamental principle: Technological innovation cannot develop to the detriment of or alongside international law.","start":3908.39,"end":3919.63,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. 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Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3919.83,"end":3919.99},{"text":"United","start":3919.99,"end":3920.35},{"text":"Nations","start":3920.35,"end":3920.67},{"text":"Convention","start":3920.67,"end":3921.19},{"text":"on","start":3921.19,"end":3921.35},{"text":"the","start":3921.35,"end":3921.43},{"text":"Law","start":3921.43,"end":3921.63},{"text":"of","start":3921.63,"end":3921.75},{"text":"the","start":3921.75,"end":3921.83},{"text":"Sea","start":3921.83,"end":3922.07},{"text":"defines","start":3922.07,"end":3922.63},{"text":"the","start":3922.63,"end":3922.75},{"text":"legal","start":3922.87,"end":3923.35},{"text":"framework","start":3923.35,"end":3923.99},{"text":"covering","start":3924.31,"end":3924.95},{"text":"all","start":3925.07,"end":3925.59},{"text":"activities","start":3925.67,"end":3926.71},{"text":"relating","start":3926.71,"end":3927.43},{"text":"to","start":3927.43,"end":3927.83},{"text":"the","start":3927.99,"end":3928.19},{"text":"seas","start":3928.19,"end":3928.59},{"text":"and","start":3928.59,"end":3928.79},{"text":"the","start":3928.87,"end":3928.95},{"text":"oceans.","start":3928.95,"end":3929.59}]},{"text":"No instrument that aims to regulate new technologies can affect the unitary nature of it.","start":3930.15,"end":3936.79,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"No","start":3930.15,"end":3930.63},{"text":"instrument","start":3930.79,"end":3931.43},{"text":"that","start":3931.43,"end":3931.59},{"text":"aims","start":3931.59,"end":3931.83},{"text":"to","start":3931.83,"end":3931.95},{"text":"regulate","start":3931.95,"end":3932.55},{"text":"new","start":3932.55,"end":3932.79},{"text":"technologies","start":3932.79,"end":3933.83},{"text":"can","start":3934.15,"end":3934.39},{"text":"affect","start":3934.43,"end":3934.95},{"text":"the","start":3934.95,"end":3935.15},{"text":"unitary","start":3935.15,"end":3935.71},{"text":"nature","start":3935.71,"end":3936.23},{"text":"of","start":3936.23,"end":3936.47},{"text":"it.","start":3936.47,"end":3936.79}]},{"text":"The international community also has institutions that can support this transformation: the Security Council, first of all, which must be seized of all of the threats to international peace and security.","start":3937.39,"end":3947.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3937.39,"end":3937.51},{"text":"international","start":3937.51,"end":3938.03},{"text":"community","start":3938.03,"end":3938.51},{"text":"also","start":3938.51,"end":3938.79},{"text":"has","start":3938.79,"end":3939.15},{"text":"institutions","start":3939.15,"end":3939.87},{"text":"that","start":3939.87,"end":3940.03},{"text":"can","start":3940.03,"end":3940.27},{"text":"support","start":3940.27,"end":3940.59},{"text":"this","start":3940.59,"end":3940.71},{"text":"transformation:","start":3940.71,"end":3941.47},{"text":"the","start":3941.87,"end":3942.07},{"text":"Security","start":3942.11,"end":3942.59},{"text":"Council,","start":3942.59,"end":3942.99},{"text":"first","start":3942.99,"end":3943.31},{"text":"of","start":3943.31,"end":3943.43},{"text":"all,","start":3943.43,"end":3943.63},{"text":"which","start":3943.63,"end":3943.87},{"text":"must","start":3943.87,"end":3944.07},{"text":"be","start":3944.07,"end":3944.19},{"text":"seized","start":3944.19,"end":3944.71},{"text":"of","start":3944.75,"end":3944.99},{"text":"all","start":3944.99,"end":3945.39},{"text":"of","start":3945.39,"end":3945.47},{"text":"the","start":3945.47,"end":3945.59},{"text":"threats","start":3945.59,"end":3945.99},{"text":"to","start":3945.99,"end":3946.07},{"text":"international","start":3946.11,"end":3946.75},{"text":"peace","start":3946.75,"end":3946.99},{"text":"and","start":3946.99,"end":3947.11},{"text":"security.","start":3947.11,"end":3947.87}]},{"text":"The growing activity of this organ on the subject of maritime safety and security is the direct consequence of unacceptable attacks on the freedom of navigation.","start":3948.83,"end":3958.51,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."},{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3948.83,"end":3949.03},{"text":"growing","start":3949.07,"end":3949.47},{"text":"activity","start":3949.47,"end":3950.11},{"text":"of","start":3950.11,"end":3950.35},{"text":"this","start":3950.35,"end":3950.59},{"text":"organ","start":3950.59,"end":3951.31},{"text":"on","start":3951.71,"end":3951.79},{"text":"the","start":3951.79,"end":3951.95},{"text":"subject","start":3951.95,"end":3952.35},{"text":"of","start":3952.35,"end":3952.43},{"text":"maritime","start":3952.43,"end":3952.83},{"text":"safety","start":3952.83,"end":3953.15},{"text":"and","start":3953.15,"end":3953.27},{"text":"security","start":3953.27,"end":3953.79},{"text":"is","start":3953.79,"end":3953.95},{"text":"the","start":3953.95,"end":3954.07},{"text":"direct","start":3954.07,"end":3954.35},{"text":"consequence","start":3954.35,"end":3955.07},{"text":"of","start":3955.07,"end":3955.31},{"text":"unacceptable","start":3955.31,"end":3956.03},{"text":"attacks","start":3956.03,"end":3956.67},{"text":"on","start":3956.67,"end":3957.07},{"text":"the","start":3957.15,"end":3957.27},{"text":"freedom","start":3957.31,"end":3957.67},{"text":"of","start":3957.67,"end":3957.75},{"text":"navigation.","start":3957.75,"end":3958.51}]},{"text":"The International Maritime Organization, for its part, is essential, and it is working to produce necessary norms to adapt to new challenges.","start":3959.07,"end":3967.91,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3959.07,"end":3959.19},{"text":"International","start":3959.23,"end":3959.79},{"text":"Maritime","start":3959.79,"end":3960.27},{"text":"Organization,","start":3960.27,"end":3961.07},{"text":"for","start":3961.07,"end":3961.19},{"text":"its","start":3961.19,"end":3961.39},{"text":"part,","start":3961.39,"end":3961.71},{"text":"is","start":3961.71,"end":3961.83},{"text":"essential,","start":3961.83,"end":3962.35},{"text":"and","start":3962.35,"end":3962.55},{"text":"it","start":3962.55,"end":3962.67},{"text":"is","start":3962.67,"end":3962.75},{"text":"working","start":3962.75,"end":3963.23},{"text":"to","start":3963.23,"end":3963.35},{"text":"produce","start":3963.39,"end":3964.03},{"text":"necessary","start":3964.55,"end":3965.35},{"text":"norms","start":3965.35,"end":3965.99},{"text":"to","start":3966.23,"end":3966.39},{"text":"adapt","start":3966.39,"end":3966.91},{"text":"to","start":3966.91,"end":3966.99},{"text":"new","start":3966.99,"end":3967.19},{"text":"challenges.","start":3967.19,"end":3967.91}]},{"text":"In May 2026, it adopted the first international code of safety for maritime autonomous surface ships, which is an important step towards safer, better regulated autonomous navigation.","start":3968.15,"end":3979.51,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. 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Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3979.67,"end":3979.79},{"text":"IMO","start":3979.91,"end":3980.31},{"text":"and","start":3980.31,"end":3980.55},{"text":"competent","start":3980.55,"end":3980.99},{"text":"bodies","start":3980.99,"end":3981.27},{"text":"should","start":3981.27,"end":3981.51},{"text":"continue","start":3981.51,"end":3982.07},{"text":"to","start":3982.07,"end":3982.23},{"text":"work","start":3982.23,"end":3982.55},{"text":"on","start":3982.55,"end":3982.67},{"text":"emerging","start":3982.67,"end":3983.03},{"text":"issues","start":3983.03,"end":3983.35},{"text":"in","start":3983.35,"end":3983.51},{"text":"order","start":3983.51,"end":3983.75},{"text":"to","start":3983.75,"end":3983.87},{"text":"be","start":3983.87,"end":3983.95},{"text":"able","start":3983.95,"end":3984.11},{"text":"to","start":3984.11,"end":3984.19},{"text":"effectively","start":3984.19,"end":3984.59},{"text":"regulate","start":3984.59,"end":3985.03},{"text":"them.","start":3985.03,"end":3985.27}]},{"text":"Mr. Prime Minister, our collective responsibility is clear: anticipating risks, strengthening international cooperation, investing in resilience, and guaranteeing responsible governance of emerging technologies in the way that they impact seas and oceans.","start":3985.91,"end":4001.27,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. 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maritime safety and security in the future will depend both on our ability to innovate and on our collective will to master the consequences of it 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you very much.","start":4079.47,"end":4080.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4079.47,"end":4079.67},{"text":"you","start":4079.67,"end":4079.75},{"text":"very","start":4079.75,"end":4079.91},{"text":"much.","start":4079.91,"end":4080.11}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"FRA","group":null,"function":"Minister","affiliation_full":"France"}},{"statement_number":12,"start":4080.27,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=1:08:01","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Merci, Madame.","start":4080.27,"end":4081.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Merci,","start":4080.27,"end":4080.75},{"text":"Madame.","start":4080.75,"end":4081.03}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Ms. Carroux, for your statement.","start":4081.79,"end":4084.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4081.79,"end":4082.11},{"text":"you,","start":4082.11,"end":4082.35},{"text":"Ms.","start":4083.39,"end":4083.55},{"text":"Carroux,","start":4083.55,"end":4083.79},{"text":"for","start":4083.87,"end":4084.03},{"text":"your","start":4084.03,"end":4084.15},{"text":"statement.","start":4084.15,"end":4084.63}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"I give the floor to His Excellency Mr. Chris Elmore, Member of Parliament and Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State of the United 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insights.","start":4098.99,"end":4102.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4098.99,"end":4099.15},{"text":"my","start":4099.15,"end":4099.31},{"text":"thanks","start":4099.31,"end":4099.63},{"text":"too","start":4099.63,"end":4099.95},{"text":"to","start":4099.95,"end":4100.07},{"text":"our","start":4100.07,"end":4100.19},{"text":"briefers","start":4100.19,"end":4100.59},{"text":"for","start":4100.67,"end":4100.79},{"text":"their","start":4100.79,"end":4100.91},{"text":"valuable","start":4100.91,"end":4101.39},{"text":"insights.","start":4101.39,"end":4102.03}]},{"text":"President, the United Kingdom welcomes this opportunity to consider the implications of emerging technologies for maritime 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Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":4112.59,"end":4112.71},{"text":"sea,","start":4112.71,"end":4113.19},{"text":"they","start":4113.19,"end":4113.31},{"text":"offer","start":4113.31,"end":4113.55},{"text":"immense","start":4113.55,"end":4113.95},{"text":"opportunities","start":4113.95,"end":4114.67},{"text":"to","start":4114.67,"end":4114.79},{"text":"improve","start":4114.79,"end":4115.15},{"text":"safety,","start":4115.15,"end":4115.71},{"text":"strengthen","start":4116.03,"end":4116.47},{"text":"maritime","start":4116.47,"end":4116.91},{"text":"domain","start":4116.91,"end":4117.27},{"text":"awareness,","start":4117.27,"end":4117.87},{"text":"and","start":4118.11,"end":4118.23},{"text":"protect","start":4118.23,"end":4118.59},{"text":"the","start":4118.59,"end":4118.67},{"text":"global","start":4118.67,"end":4119.03},{"text":"trade","start":4119.03,"end":4119.43},{"text":"on","start":4119.43,"end":4119.51},{"text":"which","start":4119.51,"end":4119.71},{"text":"all","start":4119.79,"end":4120.03},{"text":"our","start":4120.03,"end":4120.15},{"text":"countries","start":4120.15,"end":4120.59},{"text":"depend.","start":4120.59,"end":4121.15}]},{"text":"These technologies also bring new risks, and we have a collective responsibility to ensure that they are developed and used safely.","start":4121.67,"end":4128.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":4121.67,"end":4121.99},{"text":"technologies","start":4121.99,"end":4122.63},{"text":"also","start":4122.63,"end":4122.91},{"text":"bring","start":4122.91,"end":4123.15},{"text":"new","start":4123.15,"end":4123.27},{"text":"risks,","start":4123.27,"end":4123.91},{"text":"and","start":4123.91,"end":4124.03},{"text":"we","start":4124.03,"end":4124.15},{"text":"have","start":4124.15,"end":4124.31},{"text":"a","start":4124.31,"end":4124.39},{"text":"collective","start":4124.39,"end":4124.79},{"text":"responsibility","start":4124.79,"end":4125.75},{"text":"to","start":4125.91,"end":4126.07},{"text":"ensure","start":4126.07,"end":4126.55},{"text":"that","start":4126.55,"end":4126.67},{"text":"they","start":4126.67,"end":4126.79},{"text":"are","start":4126.79,"end":4126.87},{"text":"developed","start":4126.87,"end":4127.39},{"text":"and","start":4127.39,"end":4127.51},{"text":"used","start":4127.51,"end":4127.91},{"text":"safely.","start":4127.91,"end":4128.55}]},{"text":"The United Kingdom sees three priorities.","start":4129.11,"end":4131.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4129.11,"end":4129.19},{"text":"United","start":4129.27,"end":4129.67},{"text":"Kingdom","start":4129.67,"end":4130.15},{"text":"sees","start":4130.15,"end":4130.47},{"text":"three","start":4130.47,"end":4130.79},{"text":"priorities.","start":4130.79,"end":4131.51}]},{"text":"First, as ever, states must uphold international law.","start":4131.75,"end":4135.23,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. 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Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"UNCLOS","start":4146.59,"end":4147.47},{"text":"provides","start":4147.47,"end":4147.75},{"text":"the","start":4147.75,"end":4147.83},{"text":"legal","start":4147.83,"end":4148.11},{"text":"framework","start":4148.11,"end":4148.63},{"text":"within","start":4148.63,"end":4148.91},{"text":"which","start":4148.91,"end":4149.19},{"text":"all","start":4149.19,"end":4149.43},{"text":"activities","start":4149.43,"end":4149.99},{"text":"in","start":4149.99,"end":4150.11},{"text":"the","start":4150.11,"end":4150.19},{"text":"ocean","start":4150.23,"end":4150.63},{"text":"and","start":4150.63,"end":4150.75},{"text":"the","start":4150.79,"end":4150.87},{"text":"seas,","start":4150.87,"end":4151.43},{"text":"its","start":4151.75,"end":4151.95},{"text":"primacy","start":4151.95,"end":4152.55},{"text":"must","start":4152.55,"end":4152.83},{"text":"be","start":4152.83,"end":4152.95},{"text":"respected.","start":4152.95,"end":4153.59}]},{"text":"States must also protect those at the heart of global shipping, seafarers.","start":4154.15,"end":4158.55,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"States","start":4154.15,"end":4154.71},{"text":"must","start":4154.71,"end":4154.91},{"text":"also","start":4154.91,"end":4155.19},{"text":"protect","start":4155.19,"end":4155.67},{"text":"those","start":4155.67,"end":4155.91},{"text":"at","start":4155.91,"end":4155.99},{"text":"the","start":4155.99,"end":4156.07},{"text":"heart","start":4156.07,"end":4156.55},{"text":"of","start":4156.55,"end":4156.79},{"text":"global","start":4156.79,"end":4157.11},{"text":"shipping,","start":4157.11,"end":4157.59},{"text":"seafarers.","start":4157.75,"end":4158.55}]},{"text":"Second, we must ensure that emerging technologies strengthen our security rather than undermine it.","start":4159.11,"end":4164.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":4159.11,"end":4159.59},{"text":"we","start":4159.59,"end":4159.71},{"text":"must","start":4159.71,"end":4159.95},{"text":"ensure","start":4159.95,"end":4160.31},{"text":"that","start":4160.31,"end":4160.43},{"text":"emerging","start":4160.43,"end":4160.83},{"text":"technologies","start":4160.83,"end":4161.51},{"text":"strengthen","start":4161.51,"end":4161.99},{"text":"our","start":4161.99,"end":4162.07},{"text":"security","start":4162.07,"end":4162.87},{"text":"rather","start":4162.87,"end":4163.15},{"text":"than","start":4163.15,"end":4163.27},{"text":"undermine","start":4163.27,"end":4163.75},{"text":"it.","start":4163.75,"end":4164.07}]},{"text":"In the maritime domain, these technologies can make ports and shipping more efficient while increasing situational awareness, resilience, and our ability to respond to threats.","start":4164.79,"end":4173.75,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4164.79,"end":4164.87},{"text":"the","start":4164.87,"end":4164.95},{"text":"maritime","start":4164.95,"end":4165.43},{"text":"domain,","start":4165.43,"end":4165.83},{"text":"these","start":4165.83,"end":4166.03},{"text":"technologies","start":4166.03,"end":4166.71},{"text":"can","start":4166.71,"end":4166.83},{"text":"make","start":4166.83,"end":4167.03},{"text":"ports","start":4167.03,"end":4167.51},{"text":"and","start":4167.51,"end":4167.63},{"text":"shipping","start":4167.63,"end":4167.95},{"text":"more","start":4167.95,"end":4168.15},{"text":"efficient","start":4168.15,"end":4168.79},{"text":"while","start":4168.95,"end":4169.19},{"text":"increasing","start":4169.19,"end":4169.67},{"text":"situational","start":4169.67,"end":4170.39},{"text":"awareness,","start":4170.39,"end":4170.95},{"text":"resilience,","start":4171.11,"end":4171.79},{"text":"and","start":4171.79,"end":4171.91},{"text":"our","start":4171.91,"end":4172.03},{"text":"ability","start":4172.03,"end":4172.39},{"text":"to","start":4172.39,"end":4172.51},{"text":"respond","start":4172.51,"end":4172.99},{"text":"to","start":4172.99,"end":4173.07},{"text":"threats.","start":4173.07,"end":4173.75}]},{"text":"As shipping becomes more connected and more digital, the UK is working with International Maritime Organization partners and industry to ensure emerging technologies are adopted safely and securely.","start":4174.23,"end":4185.11,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. 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Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4185.83,"end":4186.07},{"text":"year,","start":4186.07,"end":4186.35},{"text":"the","start":4186.35,"end":4186.43},{"text":"International","start":4186.43,"end":4186.99},{"text":"Maritime","start":4186.99,"end":4187.35},{"text":"Organization","start":4187.35,"end":4187.99},{"text":"adopted","start":4187.99,"end":4188.39},{"text":"the","start":4188.39,"end":4188.51},{"text":"first","start":4188.51,"end":4188.79},{"text":"global,","start":4188.79,"end":4189.43},{"text":"goal-based","start":4189.67,"end":4190.39},{"text":"regulatory","start":4190.39,"end":4191.03},{"text":"framework","start":4191.03,"end":4191.51},{"text":"for","start":4191.51,"end":4191.71},{"text":"remotely","start":4191.71,"end":4192.15},{"text":"controlled","start":4192.15,"end":4192.71},{"text":"and","start":4192.71,"end":4192.83},{"text":"autonomous","start":4192.83,"end":4193.27},{"text":"commercial","start":4193.27,"end":4193.67},{"text":"ships.","start":4193.67,"end":4194.23}]},{"text":"UK's leading work to develop the Maritime Cyber Code, a globally agreed framework to secure the systems and processes connecting the modern maritime sector.","start":4195.07,"end":4204.23,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. 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Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"Uncrewed","start":4212.39,"end":4212.95},{"text":"weapon","start":4212.95,"end":4213.35},{"text":"systems","start":4213.35,"end":4213.75},{"text":"are","start":4213.75,"end":4213.87},{"text":"increasingly","start":4213.87,"end":4214.51},{"text":"accessible","start":4214.51,"end":4215.19},{"text":"to","start":4215.19,"end":4215.31},{"text":"state","start":4215.31,"end":4215.79},{"text":"and","start":4215.79,"end":4215.91},{"text":"non-state","start":4215.91,"end":4216.39},{"text":"actors","start":4216.39,"end":4216.83},{"text":"seeking","start":4216.83,"end":4217.27},{"text":"to","start":4217.27,"end":4217.35},{"text":"threaten","start":4217.35,"end":4217.83},{"text":"shipping","start":4217.83,"end":4218.39},{"text":"on,","start":4218.39,"end":4218.71},{"text":"above,","start":4218.71,"end":4219.19},{"text":"and","start":4219.19,"end":4219.31},{"text":"below","start":4219.31,"end":4219.63},{"text":"the","start":4219.63,"end":4219.75},{"text":"water.","start":4219.75,"end":4220.23}]},{"text":"As my Foreign Secretary said in this Chamber, if we are to realise technology's potentials for good, we must address its risks.","start":4220.71,"end":4227.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":4220.71,"end":4220.87},{"text":"my","start":4220.87,"end":4221.03},{"text":"Foreign","start":4221.03,"end":4221.35},{"text":"Secretary","start":4221.35,"end":4221.83},{"text":"said","start":4221.83,"end":4222.07},{"text":"in","start":4222.07,"end":4222.15},{"text":"this","start":4222.15,"end":4222.31},{"text":"Chamber,","start":4222.31,"end":4222.95},{"text":"if","start":4223.19,"end":4223.35},{"text":"we","start":4223.35,"end":4223.47},{"text":"are","start":4223.47,"end":4223.59},{"text":"to","start":4223.59,"end":4223.67},{"text":"realise","start":4223.67,"end":4224.23},{"text":"technology's","start":4224.23,"end":4224.87},{"text":"potentials","start":4224.87,"end":4225.35},{"text":"for","start":4225.35,"end":4225.47},{"text":"good,","start":4225.47,"end":4225.83},{"text":"we","start":4225.99,"end":4226.15},{"text":"must","start":4226.15,"end":4226.43},{"text":"address","start":4226.43,"end":4226.71},{"text":"its","start":4226.71,"end":4226.87},{"text":"risks.","start":4226.87,"end":4227.43}]},{"text":"That means rigorous testing and assurance, giving governments the information they need to assess emerging risks, stronger cyber defences, and resilient critical infrastructure.","start":4227.91,"end":4237.19,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. 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Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":4227.91,"end":4228.07},{"text":"means","start":4228.07,"end":4228.39},{"text":"rigorous","start":4228.39,"end":4228.79},{"text":"testing","start":4228.79,"end":4229.23},{"text":"and","start":4229.23,"end":4229.35},{"text":"assurance,","start":4229.35,"end":4230.07},{"text":"giving","start":4230.23,"end":4230.51},{"text":"governments","start":4230.51,"end":4230.95},{"text":"the","start":4230.95,"end":4231.07},{"text":"information","start":4231.07,"end":4231.67},{"text":"they","start":4231.67,"end":4231.75},{"text":"need","start":4231.75,"end":4232.03},{"text":"to","start":4232.03,"end":4232.15},{"text":"assess","start":4232.15,"end":4232.51},{"text":"emerging","start":4232.51,"end":4232.95},{"text":"risks,","start":4232.95,"end":4233.51},{"text":"stronger","start":4233.75,"end":4234.23},{"text":"cyber","start":4234.23,"end":4234.55},{"text":"defences,","start":4234.55,"end":4235.35},{"text":"and","start":4235.51,"end":4235.63},{"text":"resilient","start":4235.63,"end":4236.23},{"text":"critical","start":4236.23,"end":4236.55},{"text":"infrastructure.","start":4236.55,"end":4237.19}]},{"text":"Third, none of us can address these challenges alone.","start":4237.99,"end":4240.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":4237.99,"end":4238.47},{"text":"none","start":4238.47,"end":4238.63},{"text":"of","start":4238.63,"end":4238.71},{"text":"us","start":4238.71,"end":4238.87},{"text":"can","start":4238.87,"end":4238.99},{"text":"address","start":4238.99,"end":4239.35},{"text":"these","start":4239.35,"end":4239.51},{"text":"challenges","start":4239.51,"end":4239.99},{"text":"alone.","start":4239.99,"end":4240.35}]},{"text":"When maritime networks are disrupted, the consequences are felt far beyond our seas.","start":4241.03,"end":4245.63,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":4241.03,"end":4241.23},{"text":"maritime","start":4241.23,"end":4241.71},{"text":"networks","start":4241.71,"end":4242.19},{"text":"are","start":4242.19,"end":4242.27},{"text":"disrupted,","start":4242.27,"end":4242.91},{"text":"the","start":4242.91,"end":4243.07},{"text":"consequences","start":4243.07,"end":4243.79},{"text":"are","start":4243.79,"end":4243.91},{"text":"felt","start":4243.91,"end":4244.19},{"text":"far","start":4244.19,"end":4244.51},{"text":"beyond","start":4244.51,"end":4244.91},{"text":"our","start":4244.91,"end":4245.03},{"text":"seas.","start":4245.03,"end":4245.63}]},{"text":"They threaten our shared security and prosperity, and hit the world's most vulnerable hardest.","start":4245.87,"end":4250.83,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":4245.87,"end":4246.11},{"text":"threaten","start":4246.11,"end":4246.51},{"text":"our","start":4246.51,"end":4246.67},{"text":"shared","start":4246.67,"end":4246.95},{"text":"security","start":4246.95,"end":4247.47},{"text":"and","start":4247.47,"end":4247.59},{"text":"prosperity,","start":4247.59,"end":4248.35},{"text":"and","start":4248.63,"end":4248.79},{"text":"hit","start":4248.79,"end":4248.95},{"text":"the","start":4248.95,"end":4249.03},{"text":"world's","start":4249.03,"end":4249.39},{"text":"most","start":4249.39,"end":4249.63},{"text":"vulnerable","start":4249.63,"end":4250.11},{"text":"hardest.","start":4250.11,"end":4250.83}]},{"text":"We need all countries to speak out against threats to the global maritime domain, wherever and however they occur.","start":4251.23,"end":4257.47,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. 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Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State","affiliation_full":"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"}},{"statement_number":14,"start":4301.67,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=1:11:42","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Amor, for your statement, and let me now give the floor to the representative of Latvia.","start":4301.67,"end":4307.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4301.67,"end":4301.99},{"text":"you,","start":4301.99,"end":4302.07},{"text":"Mr.","start":4302.07,"end":4302.35},{"text":"Amor,","start":4302.35,"end":4302.55},{"text":"for","start":4302.55,"end":4302.71},{"text":"your","start":4302.71,"end":4302.87},{"text":"statement,","start":4302.87,"end":4303.39},{"text":"and","start":4303.39,"end":4303.51},{"text":"let","start":4303.51,"end":4303.71},{"text":"me","start":4303.71,"end":4303.83},{"text":"now","start":4303.83,"end":4304.23},{"text":"give","start":4304.43,"end":4304.75},{"text":"the","start":4304.75,"end":4304.87},{"text":"floor","start":4304.87,"end":4305.27},{"text":"to","start":4305.27,"end":4305.59},{"text":"the","start":4305.59,"end":4305.83},{"text":"representative","start":4305.83,"end":4306.75},{"text":"of","start":4306.75,"end":4306.83},{"text":"Latvia.","start":4306.83,"end":4307.23}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GRC","group":null,"function":"President of the Security Council; Prime Minister","affiliation_full":"Greece"}},{"statement_number":15,"start":4309.11,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=1:11:50","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, President.","start":4309.11,"end":4309.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4309.11,"end":4309.31},{"text":"you,","start":4309.31,"end":4309.43},{"text":"President.","start":4309.43,"end":4309.99}]},{"text":"And allow me to begin by thanking Greece for organizing this debate on a topic of growing importance, as both seems emerging technology and maritime security have firmly established themselves on the Council's agenda.","start":4310.55,"end":4324.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4310.55,"end":4310.79},{"text":"allow","start":4310.87,"end":4311.19},{"text":"me","start":4311.23,"end":4311.51},{"text":"to","start":4312.07,"end":4312.27},{"text":"begin","start":4312.27,"end":4312.63},{"text":"by","start":4312.63,"end":4312.79},{"text":"thanking","start":4312.79,"end":4313.19},{"text":"Greece","start":4313.19,"end":4313.75},{"text":"for","start":4313.75,"end":4313.91},{"text":"organizing","start":4313.91,"end":4314.63},{"text":"this","start":4314.63,"end":4314.87},{"text":"debate","start":4314.87,"end":4315.19},{"text":"on","start":4315.19,"end":4315.35},{"text":"a","start":4315.35,"end":4315.39},{"text":"topic","start":4315.39,"end":4315.91},{"text":"of","start":4315.95,"end":4316.07},{"text":"growing","start":4316.07,"end":4316.47},{"text":"importance,","start":4316.47,"end":4317.35},{"text":"as","start":4317.91,"end":4318.07},{"text":"both","start":4318.07,"end":4318.31},{"text":"seems","start":4318.31,"end":4318.95},{"text":"emerging","start":4319.63,"end":4320.03},{"text":"technology","start":4320.03,"end":4320.87},{"text":"and","start":4320.87,"end":4321.03},{"text":"maritime","start":4321.03,"end":4321.51},{"text":"security","start":4321.51,"end":4322.07},{"text":"have","start":4322.07,"end":4322.23},{"text":"firmly","start":4322.23,"end":4322.71},{"text":"established","start":4322.71,"end":4323.19},{"text":"themselves","start":4323.19,"end":4323.67},{"text":"on","start":4323.67,"end":4323.75},{"text":"the","start":4323.75,"end":4323.83},{"text":"Council's","start":4323.83,"end":4324.35},{"text":"agenda.","start":4324.35,"end":4324.87}]},{"text":"And we welcome the presiding of this meeting by His Excellency Mr. Kyriakos Mitsotakis, Prime Minister of the Hellenic Republic, and thank the distinguished briefers, Mr. Kutner-Ratray, Fareed Zakaria, and Michael Bletts for their valuable contributions.","start":4326.47,"end":4341.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4326.47,"end":4326.59},{"text":"we","start":4326.59,"end":4326.71},{"text":"welcome","start":4326.71,"end":4327.03},{"text":"the","start":4327.03,"end":4327.11},{"text":"presiding","start":4327.11,"end":4327.67},{"text":"of","start":4327.67,"end":4327.75},{"text":"this","start":4327.75,"end":4327.99},{"text":"meeting","start":4327.99,"end":4328.39},{"text":"by","start":4328.39,"end":4328.51},{"text":"His","start":4328.51,"end":4328.71},{"text":"Excellency","start":4328.71,"end":4329.23},{"text":"Mr.","start":4329.23,"end":4329.55},{"text":"Kyriakos","start":4329.55,"end":4329.99},{"text":"Mitsotakis,","start":4329.99,"end":4330.87},{"text":"Prime","start":4330.95,"end":4331.15},{"text":"Minister","start":4331.15,"end":4331.55},{"text":"of","start":4331.55,"end":4331.67},{"text":"the","start":4331.67,"end":4331.75},{"text":"Hellenic","start":4331.75,"end":4332.15},{"text":"Republic,","start":4332.15,"end":4332.87},{"text":"and","start":4333.03,"end":4333.19},{"text":"thank","start":4333.19,"end":4333.39},{"text":"the","start":4333.39,"end":4333.47},{"text":"distinguished","start":4333.47,"end":4334.15},{"text":"briefers,","start":4334.15,"end":4334.63},{"text":"Mr.","start":4334.87,"end":4335.11},{"text":"Kutner-Ratray,","start":4335.11,"end":4335.99},{"text":"Fareed","start":4336.55,"end":4336.91},{"text":"Zakaria,","start":4336.91,"end":4337.59},{"text":"and","start":4337.79,"end":4338.07},{"text":"Michael","start":4338.23,"end":4338.55},{"text":"Bletts","start":4338.55,"end":4339.11},{"text":"for","start":4339.11,"end":4339.31},{"text":"their","start":4339.31,"end":4339.67},{"text":"valuable","start":4339.75,"end":4340.31},{"text":"contributions.","start":4340.31,"end":4341.11}]},{"text":"President, we examine the issue of emerging technology in maritime domain against the backdrop of malign actors increasingly challenging international norms governing maritime trade and navigation.","start":4342.79,"end":4355.91,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. 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developments in the maritime domain present an important and expanding dimension of the overall implications of new and emerging technologies for the maintenance of international peace and 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our ability to adequately respond to maritime security challenges will depend on our overall adoption in light of technological 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we believe that the Council should remain actively engaged in these efforts.","start":4619.43,"end":4623.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4619.43,"end":4619.55},{"text":"we","start":4619.55,"end":4619.67},{"text":"believe","start":4619.67,"end":4619.91},{"text":"that","start":4619.91,"end":4620.03},{"text":"the","start":4620.03,"end":4620.11},{"text":"Council","start":4620.11,"end":4620.75},{"text":"should","start":4620.75,"end":4620.99},{"text":"remain","start":4620.99,"end":4621.31},{"text":"actively","start":4621.31,"end":4621.83},{"text":"engaged","start":4621.83,"end":4622.43},{"text":"in","start":4622.59,"end":4622.75},{"text":"these","start":4622.75,"end":4622.99},{"text":"efforts.","start":4622.99,"end":4623.55}]},{"text":"Last week, Latvia and Greece, together with eight other Council members, decided to convene an informal expert group on the Security Council members on technology and peace and 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this group will seek to improve Council's ability to consider implications of emerging technologies for its 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threats in all domains, including maritime.","start":4642.67,"end":4649.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4642.67,"end":4642.83},{"text":"will","start":4642.83,"end":4642.99},{"text":"help","start":4642.99,"end":4643.19},{"text":"the","start":4643.19,"end":4643.27},{"text":"Council","start":4643.27,"end":4643.83},{"text":"to","start":4643.83,"end":4644.23},{"text":"be","start":4645.55,"end":4645.71},{"text":"better","start":4645.71,"end":4646.11},{"text":"equipped","start":4646.11,"end":4646.67},{"text":"in","start":4646.67,"end":4646.83},{"text":"addressing","start":4646.83,"end":4647.27},{"text":"emerging","start":4647.27,"end":4647.71},{"text":"threats","start":4647.71,"end":4648.03},{"text":"in","start":4648.03,"end":4648.15},{"text":"all","start":4648.15,"end":4648.27},{"text":"domains,","start":4648.27,"end":4648.75},{"text":"including","start":4648.75,"end":4649.23},{"text":"maritime.","start":4649.23,"end":4649.79}]},{"text":"And to address both maritime disruptions and risks from emerging technologies, we must also work with the private sector to establish criteria, explore redundancies, determine alternatives, and identify regulatory gaps before the next crisis arrives.","start":4650.59,"end":4666.19,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."},{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."},{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4650.59,"end":4650.71},{"text":"to","start":4650.71,"end":4650.83},{"text":"address","start":4650.83,"end":4651.31},{"text":"both","start":4651.31,"end":4651.59},{"text":"maritime","start":4651.59,"end":4652.03},{"text":"disruptions","start":4652.03,"end":4652.75},{"text":"and","start":4652.75,"end":4653.03},{"text":"risks","start":4653.03,"end":4653.39},{"text":"from","start":4653.55,"end":4653.79},{"text":"emerging","start":4653.79,"end":4654.27},{"text":"technologies,","start":4654.27,"end":4655.07},{"text":"we","start":4655.47,"end":4655.63},{"text":"must","start":4655.63,"end":4655.83},{"text":"also","start":4655.83,"end":4656.19},{"text":"work","start":4656.19,"end":4656.51},{"text":"with","start":4656.51,"end":4656.63},{"text":"the","start":4656.63,"end":4656.71},{"text":"private","start":4656.71,"end":4657.07},{"text":"sector","start":4657.07,"end":4657.63},{"text":"to","start":4657.79,"end":4657.91},{"text":"establish","start":4657.91,"end":4658.35},{"text":"criteria,","start":4658.35,"end":4658.99},{"text":"explore","start":4659.31,"end":4659.75},{"text":"redundancies,","start":4659.75,"end":4660.67},{"text":"determine","start":4660.83,"end":4661.35},{"text":"alternatives,","start":4661.35,"end":4662.19},{"text":"and","start":4662.47,"end":4662.67},{"text":"identify","start":4662.67,"end":4663.27},{"text":"regulatory","start":4663.27,"end":4664.03},{"text":"gaps","start":4664.03,"end":4664.51},{"text":"before","start":4664.51,"end":4664.91},{"text":"the","start":4664.91,"end":4664.99},{"text":"next","start":4664.99,"end":4665.23},{"text":"crisis","start":4665.23,"end":4665.63},{"text":"arrives.","start":4665.63,"end":4666.19}]},{"text":"President, let me conclude with a call on two fronts.","start":4667.31,"end":4670.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"President,","start":4667.31,"end":4667.79},{"text":"let","start":4668.19,"end":4668.43},{"text":"me","start":4668.43,"end":4668.55},{"text":"conclude","start":4668.55,"end":4668.99},{"text":"with","start":4668.99,"end":4669.11},{"text":"a","start":4669.11,"end":4669.15},{"text":"call","start":4669.15,"end":4669.51},{"text":"on","start":4669.51,"end":4669.63},{"text":"two","start":4669.63,"end":4669.79},{"text":"fronts.","start":4669.79,"end":4670.19}]},{"text":"First, we reiterate the crucial need for an immediate cessation of attacks against lawful civilian shipping and port infrastructure.","start":4670.87,"end":4677.99,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":4670.87,"end":4671.35},{"text":"we","start":4671.59,"end":4671.91},{"text":"reiterate","start":4671.91,"end":4672.39},{"text":"the","start":4672.39,"end":4672.47},{"text":"crucial","start":4672.47,"end":4672.87},{"text":"need","start":4672.87,"end":4673.35},{"text":"for","start":4673.51,"end":4673.63},{"text":"an","start":4673.63,"end":4673.71},{"text":"immediate","start":4673.71,"end":4674.15},{"text":"cessation","start":4674.15,"end":4674.71},{"text":"of","start":4674.71,"end":4674.79},{"text":"attacks","start":4674.79,"end":4675.19},{"text":"against","start":4675.19,"end":4675.59},{"text":"lawful","start":4675.59,"end":4675.91},{"text":"civilian","start":4675.91,"end":4676.39},{"text":"shipping","start":4676.39,"end":4676.75},{"text":"and","start":4676.75,"end":4676.87},{"text":"port","start":4676.87,"end":4677.19},{"text":"infrastructure.","start":4677.19,"end":4677.99}]},{"text":"And second, we must cooperate on the safe and secure development of emerging technologies to maintain adherence to international law and support international peace and security in the maritime domain and beyond.","start":4678.59,"end":4690.87,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. 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join in thanking and welcoming the many excellencies and distinguished colleagues for their presence and participation.","start":4743.95,"end":4752.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4743.95,"end":4744.15},{"text":"join","start":4744.15,"end":4744.51},{"text":"in","start":4744.51,"end":4744.75},{"text":"thanking","start":4744.75,"end":4745.43},{"text":"and","start":4745.43,"end":4745.55},{"text":"welcoming","start":4745.55,"end":4746.27},{"text":"the","start":4746.27,"end":4746.35},{"text":"many","start":4746.35,"end":4746.75},{"text":"excellencies","start":4746.75,"end":4747.55},{"text":"and","start":4747.55,"end":4747.67},{"text":"distinguished","start":4747.67,"end":4748.51},{"text":"colleagues","start":4748.51,"end":4749.23},{"text":"for","start":4749.79,"end":4750.03},{"text":"their","start":4750.03,"end":4750.19},{"text":"presence","start":4750.19,"end":4751.07},{"text":"and","start":4751.55,"end":4751.75},{"text":"participation.","start":4751.75,"end":4752.67}]},{"text":"Mr. President, As a major flag state, Liberia sees the promise of artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, and advanced sensing to detect threats earlier, support search and rescue, and protect shipping.","start":4754.99,"end":4776.47,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":4754.99,"end":4755.23},{"text":"President,","start":4755.23,"end":4755.79},{"text":"As","start":4756.87,"end":4757.27},{"text":"a","start":4757.43,"end":4757.47},{"text":"major","start":4757.47,"end":4757.99},{"text":"flag","start":4757.99,"end":4758.35},{"text":"state,","start":4758.39,"end":4759.03},{"text":"Liberia","start":4759.83,"end":4760.39},{"text":"sees","start":4760.39,"end":4761.03},{"text":"the","start":4761.03,"end":4761.19},{"text":"promise","start":4761.19,"end":4761.99},{"text":"of","start":4761.99,"end":4762.23},{"text":"artificial","start":4762.23,"end":4762.95},{"text":"intelligence,","start":4762.95,"end":4763.83},{"text":"satellite","start":4764.71,"end":4765.51},{"text":"imagery,","start":4765.59,"end":4766.39},{"text":"and","start":4767.03,"end":4767.27},{"text":"advanced","start":4767.27,"end":4768.15},{"text":"sensing","start":4768.15,"end":4769.11},{"text":"to","start":4769.19,"end":4769.35},{"text":"detect","start":4769.35,"end":4769.95},{"text":"threats","start":4769.95,"end":4770.31},{"text":"earlier,","start":4770.39,"end":4771.03},{"text":"support","start":4771.67,"end":4772.39},{"text":"search","start":4772.39,"end":4772.95},{"text":"and","start":4773.03,"end":4773.23},{"text":"rescue,","start":4773.23,"end":4773.99},{"text":"and","start":4774.71,"end":4775.15},{"text":"protect","start":4775.27,"end":4775.91},{"text":"shipping.","start":4775.91,"end":4776.47}]},{"text":"But the same advances can enable attacks, compromise navigation, and accelerate miscalculation.","start":4778.07,"end":4788.83,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."},{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":4778.07,"end":4778.31},{"text":"the","start":4778.31,"end":4778.39},{"text":"same","start":4778.39,"end":4778.95},{"text":"advances","start":4779.03,"end":4780.07},{"text":"can","start":4780.31,"end":4780.75},{"text":"enable","start":4780.75,"end":4781.59},{"text":"attacks,","start":4781.75,"end":4782.47},{"text":"compromise","start":4783.35,"end":4784.39},{"text":"navigation,","start":4784.39,"end":4785.27},{"text":"and","start":4786.27,"end":4786.43},{"text":"accelerate","start":4786.43,"end":4787.31},{"text":"miscalculation.","start":4787.63,"end":4788.83}]},{"text":"Civilian seafarers bear the consequences, while shipping disruptions threaten food and energy supplies far beyond the sea.","start":4790.11,"end":4805.07,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."},{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Civilian","start":4790.11,"end":4790.91},{"text":"seafarers","start":4790.91,"end":4791.95},{"text":"bear","start":4792.59,"end":4793.23},{"text":"the","start":4793.31,"end":4793.47},{"text":"consequences,","start":4793.47,"end":4794.67},{"text":"while","start":4795.07,"end":4795.55},{"text":"shipping","start":4795.55,"end":4796.27},{"text":"disruptions","start":4796.27,"end":4797.47},{"text":"threaten","start":4797.95,"end":4798.59},{"text":"food","start":4798.59,"end":4799.31},{"text":"and","start":4799.71,"end":4799.99},{"text":"energy","start":4799.99,"end":4800.43},{"text":"supplies","start":4800.43,"end":4801.47},{"text":"far","start":4802.75,"end":4803.31},{"text":"beyond","start":4803.47,"end":4804.19},{"text":"the","start":4804.35,"end":4804.55},{"text":"sea.","start":4804.55,"end":4805.07}]},{"text":"Liberia therefore proposes three practical priorities linked by one purpose.","start":4806.35,"end":4814.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Liberia","start":4806.35,"end":4806.83},{"text":"therefore","start":4806.83,"end":4807.39},{"text":"proposes","start":4807.39,"end":4808.51},{"text":"three","start":4809.15,"end":4809.63},{"text":"practical","start":4809.79,"end":4810.51},{"text":"priorities","start":4810.51,"end":4811.71},{"text":"linked","start":4812.19,"end":4812.83},{"text":"by","start":4812.99,"end":4813.31},{"text":"one","start":4813.31,"end":4813.71},{"text":"purpose.","start":4813.79,"end":4814.59}]},{"text":"turning better information into better protection.","start":4815.79,"end":4821.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"turning","start":4815.79,"end":4816.47},{"text":"better","start":4816.87,"end":4817.35},{"text":"information","start":4817.35,"end":4818.39},{"text":"into","start":4818.95,"end":4819.51},{"text":"better","start":4820.07,"end":4820.47},{"text":"protection.","start":4820.47,"end":4821.19}]},{"text":"First, connect early warning to early communication.","start":4823.35,"end":4829.43,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":4823.35,"end":4824.15},{"text":"connect","start":4825.19,"end":4825.75},{"text":"early","start":4825.83,"end":4826.31},{"text":"warning","start":4826.31,"end":4826.95},{"text":"to","start":4827.59,"end":4827.71},{"text":"early","start":4827.83,"end":4828.39},{"text":"communication.","start":4828.39,"end":4829.43}]},{"text":"A disrupted navigation signal or an unidentified unmanned vessel may leave intentions unclear.","start":4830.95,"end":4841.03,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."},{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":4830.95,"end":4830.99},{"text":"disrupted","start":4830.99,"end":4831.99},{"text":"navigation","start":4831.99,"end":4832.71},{"text":"signal","start":4832.71,"end":4833.51},{"text":"or","start":4834.07,"end":4834.55},{"text":"an","start":4834.55,"end":4834.79},{"text":"unidentified","start":4834.91,"end":4836.39},{"text":"unmanned","start":4836.39,"end":4837.11},{"text":"vessel","start":4837.19,"end":4837.83},{"text":"may","start":4838.31,"end":4838.55},{"text":"leave","start":4838.55,"end":4839.03},{"text":"intentions","start":4839.03,"end":4839.99},{"text":"unclear.","start":4840.27,"end":4841.03}]},{"text":"Where certainty meets mistrust, an incident can become a confrontation.","start":4842.23,"end":4850.03,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"Where","start":4842.23,"end":4842.71},{"text":"certainty","start":4842.71,"end":4843.67},{"text":"meets","start":4843.67,"end":4844.15},{"text":"mistrust,","start":4844.23,"end":4845.19},{"text":"an","start":4845.79,"end":4846.03},{"text":"incident","start":4846.03,"end":4846.83},{"text":"can","start":4846.99,"end":4847.31},{"text":"become","start":4847.31,"end":4848.11},{"text":"a","start":4848.91,"end":4848.95},{"text":"confrontation.","start":4848.95,"end":4850.03}]},{"text":"The ability to detect danger must be matched by the ability to clarify it.","start":4851.23,"end":4857.63,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4851.23,"end":4851.51},{"text":"ability","start":4851.51,"end":4852.15},{"text":"to","start":4852.15,"end":4852.23},{"text":"detect","start":4852.23,"end":4852.75},{"text":"danger","start":4852.75,"end":4853.47},{"text":"must","start":4853.63,"end":4854.15},{"text":"be","start":4854.15,"end":4854.35},{"text":"matched","start":4854.35,"end":4854.91},{"text":"by","start":4855.31,"end":4855.55},{"text":"the","start":4855.55,"end":4855.67},{"text":"ability","start":4855.67,"end":4856.35},{"text":"to","start":4856.39,"end":4856.51},{"text":"clarify","start":4856.51,"end":4857.31},{"text":"it.","start":4857.31,"end":4857.63}]},{"text":"A warning should trigger protection.","start":4858.75,"end":4861.47,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":4858.75,"end":4858.79},{"text":"warning","start":4858.79,"end":4859.63},{"text":"should","start":4859.79,"end":4860.19},{"text":"trigger","start":4860.27,"end":4860.67},{"text":"protection.","start":4860.67,"end":4861.47}]},{"text":"It should not, by itself, be treated as proof of hostile intent.","start":4862.19,"end":4869.47,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":4862.19,"end":4862.39},{"text":"should","start":4862.39,"end":4862.63},{"text":"not,","start":4862.63,"end":4863.15},{"text":"by","start":4863.63,"end":4863.95},{"text":"itself,","start":4863.95,"end":4864.67},{"text":"be","start":4865.07,"end":4865.31},{"text":"treated","start":4865.31,"end":4866.11},{"text":"as","start":4866.59,"end":4866.75},{"text":"proof","start":4866.75,"end":4867.31},{"text":"of","start":4867.71,"end":4867.87},{"text":"hostile","start":4867.95,"end":4868.91},{"text":"intent.","start":4868.91,"end":4869.47}]},{"text":"Flag states, coastal states, and shipping operators should strengthen incident reporting, maintain reachable emergency contacts, and exercise communication arrangements through existing maritime mechanisms.","start":4870.99,"end":4890.07,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."},{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"Flag","start":4870.99,"end":4871.47},{"text":"states,","start":4871.47,"end":4872.19},{"text":"coastal","start":4872.99,"end":4873.55},{"text":"states,","start":4873.55,"end":4874.35},{"text":"and","start":4874.79,"end":4874.95},{"text":"shipping","start":4874.95,"end":4875.51},{"text":"operators","start":4875.59,"end":4876.55},{"text":"should","start":4876.95,"end":4877.19},{"text":"strengthen","start":4877.19,"end":4877.99},{"text":"incident","start":4877.99,"end":4878.63},{"text":"reporting,","start":4878.63,"end":4879.35},{"text":"maintain","start":4879.91,"end":4880.71},{"text":"reachable","start":4880.71,"end":4881.43},{"text":"emergency","start":4881.43,"end":4882.07},{"text":"contacts,","start":4882.07,"end":4882.95},{"text":"and","start":4883.35,"end":4883.59},{"text":"exercise","start":4883.67,"end":4884.47},{"text":"communication","start":4884.47,"end":4885.35},{"text":"arrangements","start":4885.35,"end":4886.15},{"text":"through","start":4886.47,"end":4886.79},{"text":"existing","start":4886.79,"end":4887.67},{"text":"maritime","start":4887.67,"end":4888.63},{"text":"mechanisms.","start":4888.79,"end":4890.07}]},{"text":"Second, preserve responsibility as autonomy grows.","start":4890.95,"end":4897.67,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":4890.95,"end":4891.47},{"text":"preserve","start":4892.79,"end":4893.51},{"text":"responsibility","start":4893.67,"end":4895.11},{"text":"as","start":4895.75,"end":4896.15},{"text":"autonomy","start":4896.15,"end":4896.87},{"text":"grows.","start":4896.87,"end":4897.67}]},{"text":"Human oversight must mean that responsible personnel understand a system's limitations and can intervene.","start":4898.95,"end":4910.75,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"Human","start":4898.95,"end":4899.67},{"text":"oversight","start":4899.91,"end":4900.87},{"text":"must","start":4901.47,"end":4901.95},{"text":"mean","start":4901.95,"end":4902.51},{"text":"that","start":4902.83,"end":4903.07},{"text":"responsible","start":4903.07,"end":4903.87},{"text":"personnel","start":4903.87,"end":4904.75},{"text":"understand","start":4905.23,"end":4906.11},{"text":"a","start":4906.11,"end":4906.15},{"text":"system's","start":4906.15,"end":4907.27},{"text":"limitations","start":4907.27,"end":4908.19},{"text":"and","start":4908.67,"end":4909.39},{"text":"can","start":4909.63,"end":4909.95},{"text":"intervene.","start":4909.95,"end":4910.75}]},{"text":"Seafarers need training, reliable backup procedures, and warnings they can act upon.","start":4911.79,"end":4920.83,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"Seafarers","start":4911.79,"end":4913.07},{"text":"need","start":4913.07,"end":4913.55},{"text":"training,","start":4913.71,"end":4914.27},{"text":"reliable","start":4915.07,"end":4915.79},{"text":"backup","start":4915.79,"end":4916.55},{"text":"procedures,","start":4916.55,"end":4917.39},{"text":"and","start":4917.87,"end":4918.19},{"text":"warnings","start":4918.19,"end":4919.15},{"text":"they","start":4919.15,"end":4919.47},{"text":"can","start":4919.47,"end":4919.79},{"text":"act","start":4919.87,"end":4920.27},{"text":"upon.","start":4920.35,"end":4920.83}]},{"text":"Technology providers, ship owners, and port operators should test safeguards share information on vulnerabilities, and maintain workable alternatives when digital systems fail.","start":4922.19,"end":4940.07,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"Technology","start":4922.19,"end":4923.15},{"text":"providers,","start":4923.15,"end":4924.27},{"text":"ship","start":4924.67,"end":4925.15},{"text":"owners,","start":4925.31,"end":4925.95},{"text":"and","start":4926.19,"end":4926.51},{"text":"port","start":4926.59,"end":4926.99},{"text":"operators","start":4926.99,"end":4928.03},{"text":"should","start":4928.35,"end":4928.75},{"text":"test","start":4928.83,"end":4929.39},{"text":"safeguards","start":4929.39,"end":4930.43},{"text":"share","start":4930.79,"end":4931.35},{"text":"information","start":4931.35,"end":4932.15},{"text":"on","start":4932.15,"end":4932.31},{"text":"vulnerabilities,","start":4932.31,"end":4933.59},{"text":"and","start":4933.91,"end":4934.23},{"text":"maintain","start":4934.23,"end":4934.79},{"text":"workable","start":4934.79,"end":4935.59},{"text":"alternatives","start":4935.59,"end":4936.63},{"text":"when","start":4936.87,"end":4937.11},{"text":"digital","start":4937.11,"end":4937.99},{"text":"systems","start":4938.07,"end":4939.03},{"text":"fail.","start":4939.51,"end":4940.07}]},{"text":"We must not automate decisions while leaving responsibility undefined.","start":4941.51,"end":4949.35,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4941.51,"end":4941.75},{"text":"must","start":4941.75,"end":4942.23},{"text":"not","start":4942.23,"end":4942.63},{"text":"automate","start":4943.43,"end":4944.23},{"text":"decisions","start":4944.23,"end":4945.27},{"text":"while","start":4945.59,"end":4946.11},{"text":"leaving","start":4946.11,"end":4946.43},{"text":"responsibility","start":4946.43,"end":4947.75},{"text":"undefined.","start":4948.31,"end":4949.35}]},{"text":"The United Nations Charter the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and other applicable international law remain essential.","start":4950.63,"end":4960.67,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4950.63,"end":4950.79},{"text":"United","start":4950.79,"end":4951.27},{"text":"Nations","start":4951.27,"end":4951.67},{"text":"Charter","start":4951.67,"end":4952.23},{"text":"the","start":4952.75,"end":4952.91},{"text":"United","start":4952.91,"end":4953.23},{"text":"Nations","start":4953.23,"end":4953.71},{"text":"Convention","start":4953.71,"end":4954.51},{"text":"on","start":4954.51,"end":4954.67},{"text":"the","start":4954.67,"end":4954.79},{"text":"Law","start":4954.79,"end":4955.03},{"text":"of","start":4955.03,"end":4955.23},{"text":"the","start":4955.23,"end":4955.31},{"text":"Sea","start":4955.31,"end":4955.79},{"text":"and","start":4956.19,"end":4956.43},{"text":"other","start":4956.51,"end":4956.79},{"text":"applicable","start":4956.83,"end":4957.67},{"text":"international","start":4957.67,"end":4958.75},{"text":"law","start":4958.75,"end":4958.83},{"text":"remain","start":4959.15,"end":4959.79},{"text":"essential.","start":4959.87,"end":4960.67}]},{"text":"Technological novelty does not diminish obligations to protect civilians during armed conflict.","start":4961.63,"end":4970.43,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."},{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"Technological","start":4961.63,"end":4962.59},{"text":"novelty","start":4962.59,"end":4963.55},{"text":"does","start":4964.03,"end":4964.43},{"text":"not","start":4964.43,"end":4964.67},{"text":"diminish","start":4964.67,"end":4965.39},{"text":"obligations","start":4965.47,"end":4966.43},{"text":"to","start":4966.43,"end":4966.55},{"text":"protect","start":4966.55,"end":4967.15},{"text":"civilians","start":4967.15,"end":4967.95},{"text":"during","start":4968.35,"end":4968.91},{"text":"armed","start":4969.07,"end":4969.63},{"text":"conflict.","start":4969.71,"end":4970.43}]},{"text":"Third, make access to technology a capacity to respond.","start":4971.63,"end":4979.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":4971.63,"end":4972.11},{"text":"make","start":4973.23,"end":4973.63},{"text":"access","start":4973.79,"end":4974.51},{"text":"to","start":4974.51,"end":4974.71},{"text":"technology","start":4974.71,"end":4975.71},{"text":"a","start":4976.43,"end":4976.47},{"text":"capacity","start":4976.47,"end":4977.71},{"text":"to","start":4978.11,"end":4978.27},{"text":"respond.","start":4978.27,"end":4979.07}]},{"text":"For African coastal states, Satellite information and digital tools can strengthen responses to maritime threats.","start":4980.11,"end":4988.67,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. 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Your Excellency Kyriakos Mitsotakis, Prime Minister of Greece, we wish you the most cordial of greetings, and we thank you for your leadership in convening this important 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recognize the presence of the distinguished representatives of countries and delegations that are honoring us with their 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are grateful for the valuable briefings from Mr. Courtney Rattray, Chef de Cabinet of the Secretary General, Mr. Michael Bletsas, Governor of National Cybersecurity Authority of Greece, and from journalist and writer Mr. Fareed 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also congratulate Greece and its delegation on their sustained efforts to keep maritime security among the priorities for discussion within the Security Council, thus contributing to strengthening international attention on the challenges faced in this area.","start":5160.27,"end":5181.07,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5160.27,"end":5160.43},{"text":"also","start":5160.43,"end":5161.07},{"text":"congratulate","start":5161.39,"end":5162.03},{"text":"Greece","start":5162.03,"end":5162.59},{"text":"and","start":5162.67,"end":5163.15},{"text":"its","start":5163.15,"end":5163.55},{"text":"delegation","start":5163.55,"end":5164.59},{"text":"on","start":5164.83,"end":5164.99},{"text":"their","start":5164.99,"end":5165.19},{"text":"sustained","start":5165.19,"end":5165.95},{"text":"efforts","start":5165.95,"end":5166.43},{"text":"to","start":5166.43,"end":5166.63},{"text":"keep","start":5166.67,"end":5167.07},{"text":"maritime","start":5167.15,"end":5167.87},{"text":"security","start":5167.87,"end":5168.75},{"text":"among","start":5168.91,"end":5169.55},{"text":"the","start":5169.55,"end":5169.83},{"text":"priorities","start":5169.95,"end":5170.91},{"text":"for","start":5170.91,"end":5171.15},{"text":"discussion","start":5171.15,"end":5171.71},{"text":"within","start":5171.71,"end":5172.03},{"text":"the","start":5172.03,"end":5172.15},{"text":"Security","start":5172.15,"end":5172.75},{"text":"Council,","start":5172.75,"end":5173.31},{"text":"thus","start":5173.63,"end":5174.27},{"text":"contributing","start":5174.51,"end":5175.39},{"text":"to","start":5175.39,"end":5175.59},{"text":"strengthening","start":5175.63,"end":5176.35},{"text":"international","start":5176.75,"end":5177.79},{"text":"attention","start":5177.79,"end":5178.51},{"text":"on","start":5178.95,"end":5179.07},{"text":"the","start":5179.07,"end":5179.27},{"text":"challenges","start":5179.31,"end":5180.03},{"text":"faced","start":5180.03,"end":5180.35},{"text":"in","start":5180.35,"end":5180.43},{"text":"this","start":5180.43,"end":5180.59},{"text":"area.","start":5180.59,"end":5181.07}]},{"text":"Emerging technologies applied to various different sectors have proven to be able to automate complex processes, analyze large volumes of information, anticipate scenarios, and carry out tasks which just a few years ago seemed unimaginable.","start":5182.71,"end":5203.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Emerging","start":5182.71,"end":5183.35},{"text":"technologies","start":5183.35,"end":5184.55},{"text":"applied","start":5184.87,"end":5185.43},{"text":"to","start":5185.43,"end":5185.63},{"text":"various","start":5185.99,"end":5186.51},{"text":"different","start":5186.51,"end":5186.91},{"text":"sectors","start":5186.91,"end":5187.51},{"text":"have","start":5187.67,"end":5187.99},{"text":"proven","start":5187.99,"end":5188.55},{"text":"to","start":5188.55,"end":5188.71},{"text":"be","start":5188.87,"end":5189.19},{"text":"able","start":5189.19,"end":5189.67},{"text":"to","start":5189.67,"end":5190.07},{"text":"automate","start":5190.07,"end":5191.83},{"text":"complex","start":5191.83,"end":5192.39},{"text":"processes,","start":5192.39,"end":5193.11},{"text":"analyze","start":5193.75,"end":5194.55},{"text":"large","start":5194.63,"end":5195.11},{"text":"volumes","start":5195.11,"end":5195.55},{"text":"of","start":5195.55,"end":5195.67},{"text":"information,","start":5195.67,"end":5196.55},{"text":"anticipate","start":5196.87,"end":5198.07},{"text":"scenarios,","start":5198.07,"end":5198.95},{"text":"and","start":5199.51,"end":5199.99},{"text":"carry","start":5200.07,"end":5200.39},{"text":"out","start":5200.39,"end":5200.71},{"text":"tasks","start":5200.79,"end":5201.07},{"text":"which","start":5201.07,"end":5201.39},{"text":"just","start":5201.39,"end":5201.59},{"text":"a","start":5201.59,"end":5201.63},{"text":"few","start":5201.63,"end":5201.91},{"text":"years","start":5201.91,"end":5202.23},{"text":"ago","start":5202.23,"end":5202.71},{"text":"seemed","start":5202.79,"end":5203.19},{"text":"unimaginable.","start":5203.19,"end":5203.99}]},{"text":"In the maritime domain, we have seen how the accelerated development of artificial intelligence has significantly expanded monitoring capacities, making it easier to detect suspect activities, to monitor maritime routes, and to protect critical infrastructure.","start":5204.91,"end":5226.63,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."},{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."},{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5204.91,"end":5205.15},{"text":"the","start":5205.15,"end":5205.23},{"text":"maritime","start":5205.23,"end":5205.87},{"text":"domain,","start":5205.87,"end":5206.43},{"text":"we","start":5206.75,"end":5207.23},{"text":"have","start":5207.23,"end":5207.55},{"text":"seen","start":5207.55,"end":5208.19},{"text":"how","start":5208.19,"end":5208.51},{"text":"the","start":5208.51,"end":5208.71},{"text":"accelerated","start":5208.71,"end":5209.43},{"text":"development","start":5209.43,"end":5210.07},{"text":"of","start":5210.07,"end":5210.19},{"text":"artificial","start":5210.19,"end":5210.91},{"text":"intelligence","start":5210.91,"end":5211.95},{"text":"has","start":5212.27,"end":5212.63},{"text":"significantly","start":5212.63,"end":5213.95},{"text":"expanded","start":5213.95,"end":5215.07},{"text":"monitoring","start":5215.39,"end":5216.35},{"text":"capacities,","start":5216.35,"end":5217.47},{"text":"making","start":5217.71,"end":5218.19},{"text":"it","start":5218.19,"end":5218.35},{"text":"easier","start":5218.35,"end":5218.75},{"text":"to","start":5218.75,"end":5218.95},{"text":"detect","start":5219.15,"end":5219.79},{"text":"suspect","start":5219.79,"end":5220.51},{"text":"activities,","start":5220.51,"end":5221.47},{"text":"to","start":5221.71,"end":5221.91},{"text":"monitor","start":5222.35,"end":5223.31},{"text":"maritime","start":5223.31,"end":5224.03},{"text":"routes,","start":5224.03,"end":5224.51},{"text":"and","start":5224.51,"end":5224.83},{"text":"to","start":5224.83,"end":5224.99},{"text":"protect","start":5224.99,"end":5225.43},{"text":"critical","start":5225.43,"end":5225.79},{"text":"infrastructure.","start":5225.79,"end":5226.63}]},{"text":"Moreover, progress on smart sensors, early warning systems, and predictive analysis offers new opportunities for preventing accidents, optimizing maritime traffic management, improving search and rescue operations, and more quickly responding to emergencies.","start":5228.03,"end":5249.47,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":5228.03,"end":5228.75},{"text":"progress","start":5229.39,"end":5229.95},{"text":"on","start":5229.95,"end":5230.11},{"text":"smart","start":5230.11,"end":5230.51},{"text":"sensors,","start":5230.51,"end":5231.39},{"text":"early","start":5231.75,"end":5232.03},{"text":"warning","start":5232.03,"end":5232.51},{"text":"systems,","start":5232.51,"end":5233.31},{"text":"and","start":5233.79,"end":5234.43},{"text":"predictive","start":5234.51,"end":5235.15},{"text":"analysis","start":5235.15,"end":5236.19},{"text":"offers","start":5236.83,"end":5237.39},{"text":"new","start":5237.39,"end":5237.95},{"text":"opportunities","start":5238.43,"end":5239.31},{"text":"for","start":5239.31,"end":5239.47},{"text":"preventing","start":5239.47,"end":5240.03},{"text":"accidents,","start":5240.03,"end":5240.75},{"text":"optimizing","start":5241.15,"end":5242.19},{"text":"maritime","start":5242.35,"end":5242.91},{"text":"traffic","start":5242.91,"end":5243.31},{"text":"management,","start":5243.31,"end":5244.19},{"text":"improving","start":5244.59,"end":5245.23},{"text":"search","start":5245.23,"end":5245.47},{"text":"and","start":5245.47,"end":5245.59},{"text":"rescue","start":5245.59,"end":5245.95},{"text":"operations,","start":5245.95,"end":5246.75},{"text":"and","start":5246.91,"end":5247.31},{"text":"more","start":5247.31,"end":5247.55},{"text":"quickly","start":5247.55,"end":5247.87},{"text":"responding","start":5247.87,"end":5248.35},{"text":"to","start":5248.35,"end":5248.51},{"text":"emergencies.","start":5248.51,"end":5249.47}]},{"text":"However, its growing availability and transformative potential is also something that could be taken advantage of by actors pursuing illicit ends.","start":5249.95,"end":5263.07,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":5249.95,"end":5250.55},{"text":"its","start":5252.11,"end":5252.31},{"text":"growing","start":5252.31,"end":5252.75},{"text":"availability","start":5252.83,"end":5254.19},{"text":"and","start":5254.27,"end":5254.75},{"text":"transformative","start":5254.75,"end":5255.95},{"text":"potential","start":5255.95,"end":5256.83},{"text":"is","start":5257.55,"end":5257.79},{"text":"also","start":5257.79,"end":5258.03},{"text":"something","start":5258.03,"end":5258.43},{"text":"that","start":5258.43,"end":5258.59},{"text":"could","start":5258.59,"end":5258.91},{"text":"be","start":5258.91,"end":5259.15},{"text":"taken","start":5259.15,"end":5259.43},{"text":"advantage","start":5259.43,"end":5259.95},{"text":"of","start":5259.95,"end":5260.27},{"text":"by","start":5260.51,"end":5260.83},{"text":"actors","start":5260.83,"end":5261.39},{"text":"pursuing","start":5261.39,"end":5261.87},{"text":"illicit","start":5261.87,"end":5262.51},{"text":"ends.","start":5262.51,"end":5263.07}]},{"text":"giving rise to new threats, facilitating criminal activities, and posing increasingly complex challenges to international maritime security.","start":5264.39,"end":5275.99,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."}],"words":[{"text":"giving","start":5264.39,"end":5264.75},{"text":"rise","start":5264.75,"end":5265.03},{"text":"to","start":5265.03,"end":5265.15},{"text":"new","start":5265.15,"end":5265.83},{"text":"threats,","start":5265.83,"end":5266.55},{"text":"facilitating","start":5266.87,"end":5268.15},{"text":"criminal","start":5268.39,"end":5268.95},{"text":"activities,","start":5268.95,"end":5269.83},{"text":"and","start":5270.15,"end":5270.55},{"text":"posing","start":5270.55,"end":5271.35},{"text":"increasingly","start":5271.59,"end":5272.31},{"text":"complex","start":5272.31,"end":5273.03},{"text":"challenges","start":5273.03,"end":5273.91},{"text":"to","start":5273.91,"end":5274.15},{"text":"international","start":5274.23,"end":5274.87},{"text":"maritime","start":5274.87,"end":5275.27},{"text":"security.","start":5275.27,"end":5275.99}]},{"text":"Recent reports on the use of these technologies for the navigation and guidance of missiles, the carrying out of cyber attacks, and the tracking of ships with the purpose of turning them into targets for attacks show that these threats are not hypothetical scenarios.","start":5277.67,"end":5300.95,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."},{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"Recent","start":5277.67,"end":5278.31},{"text":"reports","start":5278.31,"end":5279.19},{"text":"on","start":5279.19,"end":5279.43},{"text":"the","start":5279.43,"end":5279.59},{"text":"use","start":5279.59,"end":5279.95},{"text":"of","start":5279.95,"end":5280.07},{"text":"these","start":5280.07,"end":5280.31},{"text":"technologies","start":5280.31,"end":5281.35},{"text":"for","start":5282.07,"end":5282.63},{"text":"the","start":5283.27,"end":5283.43},{"text":"navigation","start":5283.43,"end":5284.07},{"text":"and","start":5284.07,"end":5284.27},{"text":"guidance","start":5284.27,"end":5284.79},{"text":"of","start":5284.79,"end":5285.03},{"text":"missiles,","start":5285.03,"end":5285.83},{"text":"the","start":5286.23,"end":5286.43},{"text":"carrying","start":5286.55,"end":5286.95},{"text":"out","start":5286.95,"end":5287.23},{"text":"of","start":5287.23,"end":5287.35},{"text":"cyber","start":5287.35,"end":5287.95},{"text":"attacks,","start":5287.95,"end":5288.63},{"text":"and","start":5289.27,"end":5289.67},{"text":"the","start":5289.75,"end":5289.95},{"text":"tracking","start":5290.23,"end":5290.95},{"text":"of","start":5291.07,"end":5291.19},{"text":"ships","start":5291.19,"end":5291.75},{"text":"with","start":5291.75,"end":5291.87},{"text":"the","start":5291.87,"end":5291.99},{"text":"purpose","start":5291.99,"end":5292.55},{"text":"of","start":5292.55,"end":5292.87},{"text":"turning","start":5292.87,"end":5293.27},{"text":"them","start":5293.27,"end":5293.59},{"text":"into","start":5293.83,"end":5294.39},{"text":"targets","start":5294.39,"end":5295.03},{"text":"for","start":5295.03,"end":5295.31},{"text":"attacks","start":5295.31,"end":5296.07},{"text":"show","start":5296.39,"end":5296.87},{"text":"that","start":5296.87,"end":5297.19},{"text":"these","start":5297.19,"end":5297.51},{"text":"threats","start":5297.51,"end":5298.15},{"text":"are","start":5298.71,"end":5298.87},{"text":"not","start":5298.87,"end":5299.19},{"text":"hypothetical","start":5299.19,"end":5300.07},{"text":"scenarios.","start":5300.07,"end":5300.95}]},{"text":"On top of that are the risks associated with the manipulation of satellite signals, interference in communication systems.","start":5302.07,"end":5311.03,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":5302.07,"end":5302.31},{"text":"top","start":5302.31,"end":5302.55},{"text":"of","start":5302.55,"end":5302.63},{"text":"that","start":5302.63,"end":5302.95},{"text":"are","start":5302.95,"end":5303.11},{"text":"the","start":5303.11,"end":5303.27},{"text":"risks","start":5303.27,"end":5303.63},{"text":"associated","start":5303.63,"end":5304.47},{"text":"with","start":5304.47,"end":5304.95},{"text":"the","start":5305.91,"end":5306.11},{"text":"manipulation","start":5306.15,"end":5306.75},{"text":"of","start":5306.75,"end":5306.87},{"text":"satellite","start":5306.87,"end":5307.51},{"text":"signals,","start":5307.51,"end":5308.23},{"text":"interference","start":5308.47,"end":5309.27},{"text":"in","start":5309.27,"end":5309.39},{"text":"communication","start":5309.39,"end":5310.23},{"text":"systems.","start":5310.23,"end":5311.03}]},{"text":"uncrewed maritime systems, the use of drones for hostile activities, and the use of digital tools capable of compromising control systems of ships and port facilities.","start":5312.51,"end":5327.15,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."},{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and 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complex reality requires us to go beyond simply responding to known threats, and instead to strengthen our ability to anticipate, prevent, and mitigate those 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challenge consists of striking a balance that will allow us to make use of these capacities without generating vulnerabilities or running risks that would undermine maritime security and international stability.","start":5341.71,"end":5356.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5341.71,"end":5341.87},{"text":"challenge","start":5341.87,"end":5342.67},{"text":"consists","start":5343.71,"end":5344.35},{"text":"of","start":5344.35,"end":5344.51},{"text":"striking","start":5344.51,"end":5344.99},{"text":"a","start":5344.99,"end":5345.07},{"text":"balance","start":5345.07,"end":5345.55},{"text":"that","start":5345.55,"end":5345.71},{"text":"will","start":5345.71,"end":5345.87},{"text":"allow","start":5345.87,"end":5346.03},{"text":"us","start":5346.03,"end":5346.19},{"text":"to","start":5346.19,"end":5346.59},{"text":"make","start":5346.59,"end":5346.91},{"text":"use","start":5346.91,"end":5347.15},{"text":"of","start":5347.15,"end":5347.23},{"text":"these","start":5347.23,"end":5347.47},{"text":"capacities","start":5347.47,"end":5348.19},{"text":"without","start":5348.19,"end":5348.59},{"text":"generating","start":5348.59,"end":5349.31},{"text":"vulnerabilities","start":5349.31,"end":5350.35},{"text":"or","start":5350.59,"end":5351.11},{"text":"running","start":5351.11,"end":5351.47},{"text":"risks","start":5351.47,"end":5352.11},{"text":"that","start":5352.11,"end":5352.35},{"text":"would","start":5352.35,"end":5352.75},{"text":"undermine","start":5352.75,"end":5353.63},{"text":"maritime","start":5353.63,"end":5354.19},{"text":"security","start":5354.19,"end":5354.83},{"text":"and","start":5354.83,"end":5355.07},{"text":"international","start":5355.07,"end":5355.79},{"text":"stability.","start":5355.79,"end":5356.59}]},{"text":"Mr. President, threats to maritime routes which are now being bolstered by the use of emerging technologies, could have significant repercussions on supply chains, strategic infrastructure, and connectivity among states.","start":5358.35,"end":5376.43,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. 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They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":5377.23,"end":5377.95},{"text":"we","start":5377.95,"end":5378.27},{"text":"need","start":5378.27,"end":5378.63},{"text":"mechanisms","start":5378.63,"end":5379.39},{"text":"that","start":5379.39,"end":5379.63},{"text":"allow","start":5379.63,"end":5379.87},{"text":"us","start":5379.87,"end":5379.95},{"text":"to","start":5379.95,"end":5380.11},{"text":"identify","start":5380.11,"end":5380.67},{"text":"risks,","start":5380.67,"end":5381.31},{"text":"coordinate","start":5381.63,"end":5382.35},{"text":"responses","start":5382.35,"end":5383.23},{"text":"effectively,","start":5383.23,"end":5384.19},{"text":"especially","start":5384.35,"end":5385.31},{"text":"when","start":5385.47,"end":5385.87},{"text":"the","start":5385.87,"end":5386.07},{"text":"threats","start":5386.19,"end":5386.83},{"text":"transcend","start":5387.15,"end":5387.83},{"text":"national","start":5387.83,"end":5388.19},{"text":"borders.","start":5388.19,"end":5388.91}]},{"text":"As the administrators and owners of the Panama Canal, one of the main routes of international trade, and as the administering state of an important maritime register, we understand the importance of guaranteeing the security of maritime operations and promoting compliance with international standards.","start":5390.59,"end":5414.35,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. 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Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."},{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5421.27,"end":5421.43},{"text":"needs","start":5421.43,"end":5421.75},{"text":"to","start":5421.75,"end":5421.87},{"text":"be","start":5421.87,"end":5421.99},{"text":"accompanied","start":5421.99,"end":5422.71},{"text":"by","start":5422.71,"end":5422.95},{"text":"institutions","start":5422.95,"end":5423.99},{"text":"that","start":5424.15,"end":5424.55},{"text":"are","start":5424.55,"end":5424.71},{"text":"prepared,","start":5424.71,"end":5425.43},{"text":"qualified","start":5425.59,"end":5426.23},{"text":"personnel,","start":5426.23,"end":5427.11},{"text":"and","start":5427.43,"end":5427.63},{"text":"effective","start":5427.63,"end":5428.07},{"text":"cooperation","start":5428.07,"end":5428.75},{"text":"among","start":5428.75,"end":5429.03},{"text":"relevant","start":5429.03,"end":5429.43},{"text":"actors.","start":5429.43,"end":5429.99}]},{"text":"In this regard, surveillance tools ship tracking tools and the secure exchange of information can help us to detect vulnerabilities, correct shortcomings, and prevent incidents.","start":5431.03,"end":5445.71,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."},{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5431.03,"end":5431.19},{"text":"this","start":5431.19,"end":5431.39},{"text":"regard,","start":5431.39,"end":5432.07},{"text":"surveillance","start":5432.79,"end":5433.59},{"text":"tools","start":5433.59,"end":5434.55},{"text":"ship","start":5435.23,"end":5435.71},{"text":"tracking","start":5435.87,"end":5436.51},{"text":"tools","start":5436.51,"end":5437.15},{"text":"and","start":5437.15,"end":5437.47},{"text":"the","start":5437.47,"end":5437.59},{"text":"secure","start":5437.63,"end":5438.07},{"text":"exchange","start":5438.07,"end":5438.67},{"text":"of","start":5438.67,"end":5438.75},{"text":"information","start":5438.75,"end":5439.71},{"text":"can","start":5439.95,"end":5440.19},{"text":"help","start":5440.19,"end":5440.51},{"text":"us","start":5440.51,"end":5440.67},{"text":"to","start":5440.67,"end":5440.87},{"text":"detect","start":5440.87,"end":5441.47},{"text":"vulnerabilities,","start":5441.47,"end":5442.51},{"text":"correct","start":5442.51,"end":5442.99},{"text":"shortcomings,","start":5442.99,"end":5444.39},{"text":"and","start":5444.39,"end":5444.51},{"text":"prevent","start":5444.51,"end":5444.99},{"text":"incidents.","start":5444.99,"end":5445.71}]},{"text":"To fully make the most of this potential, we need to institutionalize cooperation among states, maritime authorities, port operators, ship owners, and the tech sector.","start":5446.11,"end":5459.19,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. 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Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."}],"words":[{"text":"Specialists","start":5460.83,"end":5461.55},{"text":"from","start":5461.55,"end":5461.71},{"text":"the","start":5461.71,"end":5461.79},{"text":"Panama","start":5461.79,"end":5462.19},{"text":"Maritime","start":5462.19,"end":5462.67},{"text":"Authority","start":5462.67,"end":5463.63},{"text":"have","start":5464.59,"end":5464.75},{"text":"been","start":5464.75,"end":5465.07},{"text":"certified","start":5465.07,"end":5466.03},{"text":"in","start":5466.03,"end":5466.35},{"text":"risk","start":5466.35,"end":5466.75},{"text":"analysis","start":5466.75,"end":5467.63},{"text":"offered","start":5467.95,"end":5468.51},{"text":"by","start":5468.51,"end":5468.83},{"text":"the","start":5468.83,"end":5468.95},{"text":"International","start":5468.99,"end":5469.79},{"text":"Association","start":5469.79,"end":5470.67},{"text":"of","start":5470.79,"end":5470.91},{"text":"Assistance","start":5470.91,"end":5471.47},{"text":"to","start":5471.47,"end":5471.55},{"text":"Maritime","start":5471.55,"end":5471.91},{"text":"Navigation","start":5471.91,"end":5472.67},{"text":"and","start":5472.67,"end":5473.15},{"text":"Lighthouse","start":5473.47,"end":5473.95},{"text":"Operators,","start":5473.95,"end":5474.59},{"text":"which","start":5474.59,"end":5474.91},{"text":"is","start":5475.31,"end":5475.63},{"text":"going","start":5475.63,"end":5475.87},{"text":"to","start":5475.87,"end":5475.99},{"text":"help","start":5475.99,"end":5476.39},{"text":"improve","start":5476.39,"end":5476.91},{"text":"the","start":5476.91,"end":5477.03},{"text":"evaluation","start":5477.03,"end":5477.51},{"text":"of","start":5477.51,"end":5477.59},{"text":"investment","start":5477.59,"end":5478.27},{"text":"projects","start":5478.51,"end":5479.15},{"text":"linked","start":5479.15,"end":5479.79},{"text":"to","start":5479.83,"end":5480.11},{"text":"maritime","start":5480.75,"end":5481.39},{"text":"and","start":5481.39,"end":5481.55},{"text":"coastal","start":5481.55,"end":5481.95},{"text":"infrastructure.","start":5481.95,"end":5482.75}]},{"text":"Moreover, we maintain our commitment to the standards of the International Maritime Organization on safety and security of navigation.","start":5483.07,"end":5492.75,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. 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continuing preventive work.","start":5493.51,"end":5498.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":5493.51,"end":5493.59},{"text":"national","start":5493.59,"end":5494.07},{"text":"progress","start":5494.07,"end":5494.55},{"text":"also","start":5494.55,"end":5494.79},{"text":"reflects","start":5494.79,"end":5495.35},{"text":"the","start":5495.35,"end":5495.55},{"text":"importance","start":5495.55,"end":5496.55},{"text":"of","start":5496.55,"end":5496.83},{"text":"continuing","start":5496.83,"end":5497.35},{"text":"preventive","start":5497.35,"end":5497.99},{"text":"work.","start":5497.99,"end":5498.39}]},{"text":"In the past year, the merchant fleet saw a reduction of 23% in maritime accidents in the framework of control and security work carried out by the Maritime Authority of 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down this path requires us to adapt our capacities to new realities and adapt responsibly.","start":5513.75,"end":5522.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Continuing","start":5513.75,"end":5514.39},{"text":"down","start":5514.39,"end":5514.63},{"text":"this","start":5514.63,"end":5514.87},{"text":"path","start":5514.87,"end":5515.27},{"text":"requires","start":5515.27,"end":5515.75},{"text":"us","start":5515.75,"end":5515.83},{"text":"to","start":5515.83,"end":5515.99},{"text":"adapt","start":5515.99,"end":5516.47},{"text":"our","start":5516.47,"end":5516.71},{"text":"capacities","start":5516.71,"end":5517.83},{"text":"to","start":5518.15,"end":5518.71},{"text":"new","start":5518.87,"end":5519.59},{"text":"realities","start":5520.07,"end":5521.03},{"text":"and","start":5521.03,"end":5521.51},{"text":"adapt","start":5521.51,"end":5521.87},{"text":"responsibly.","start":5521.87,"end":5522.71}]},{"text":"And the evolution of technology presents us with a shared responsibility, making sure that new capacities contribute to protecting the maritime environment and do not, on the contrary, become instruments that deepen their vulnerabilities.","start":5523.43,"end":5542.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5523.43,"end":5523.63},{"text":"the","start":5523.63,"end":5523.87},{"text":"evolution","start":5524.63,"end":5525.11},{"text":"of","start":5525.11,"end":5525.19},{"text":"technology","start":5525.19,"end":5526.07},{"text":"presents","start":5527.27,"end":5527.67},{"text":"us","start":5527.67,"end":5527.75},{"text":"with","start":5527.75,"end":5527.91},{"text":"a","start":5527.91,"end":5527.95},{"text":"shared","start":5527.95,"end":5528.39},{"text":"responsibility,","start":5528.39,"end":5529.43},{"text":"making","start":5529.67,"end":5530.15},{"text":"sure","start":5530.15,"end":5530.55},{"text":"that","start":5530.55,"end":5530.79},{"text":"new","start":5530.79,"end":5531.27},{"text":"capacities","start":5531.27,"end":5532.39},{"text":"contribute","start":5532.47,"end":5533.55},{"text":"to","start":5533.55,"end":5533.67},{"text":"protecting","start":5533.67,"end":5534.31},{"text":"the","start":5534.31,"end":5534.51},{"text":"maritime","start":5534.55,"end":5535.03},{"text":"environment","start":5535.03,"end":5535.75},{"text":"and","start":5535.91,"end":5536.35},{"text":"do","start":5536.35,"end":5536.63},{"text":"not,","start":5536.63,"end":5537.11},{"text":"on","start":5537.11,"end":5537.27},{"text":"the","start":5537.27,"end":5537.35},{"text":"contrary,","start":5537.35,"end":5537.99},{"text":"become","start":5538.15,"end":5538.79},{"text":"instruments","start":5538.79,"end":5539.67},{"text":"that","start":5539.99,"end":5540.39},{"text":"deepen","start":5540.39,"end":5541.19},{"text":"their","start":5541.19,"end":5541.35},{"text":"vulnerabilities.","start":5541.35,"end":5542.39}]},{"text":"We must therefore strengthen international cooperation, develop capacities, and promote the responsible use of these technologies in accordance with international cooperation based on the principles of transparency, explainability, and effective human control.","start":5543.15,"end":5560.51,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."},{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5543.15,"end":5543.27},{"text":"must","start":5543.27,"end":5543.51},{"text":"therefore","start":5543.51,"end":5544.03},{"text":"strengthen","start":5544.03,"end":5544.75},{"text":"international","start":5544.75,"end":5545.39},{"text":"cooperation,","start":5545.39,"end":5546.43},{"text":"develop","start":5546.75,"end":5547.39},{"text":"capacities,","start":5547.39,"end":5548.43},{"text":"and","start":5548.43,"end":5548.67},{"text":"promote","start":5548.67,"end":5549.23},{"text":"the","start":5549.23,"end":5549.51},{"text":"responsible","start":5549.63,"end":5550.43},{"text":"use","start":5550.43,"end":5550.83},{"text":"of","start":5550.83,"end":5550.95},{"text":"these","start":5550.95,"end":5551.23},{"text":"technologies","start":5551.23,"end":5552.03},{"text":"in","start":5552.27,"end":5552.51},{"text":"accordance","start":5552.51,"end":5553.31},{"text":"with","start":5553.39,"end":5553.83},{"text":"international","start":5554.51,"end":5555.23},{"text":"cooperation","start":5555.23,"end":5556.03},{"text":"based","start":5556.03,"end":5556.43},{"text":"on","start":5556.43,"end":5556.51},{"text":"the","start":5556.51,"end":5556.59},{"text":"principles","start":5556.59,"end":5556.99},{"text":"of","start":5556.99,"end":5557.07},{"text":"transparency,","start":5557.07,"end":5557.87},{"text":"explainability,","start":5557.87,"end":5558.91},{"text":"and","start":5558.91,"end":5559.27},{"text":"effective","start":5559.27,"end":5559.67},{"text":"human","start":5559.67,"end":5559.99},{"text":"control.","start":5559.99,"end":5560.51}]},{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":5560.75,"end":5561.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5560.75,"end":5560.95},{"text":"you","start":5560.95,"end":5561.03},{"text":"very","start":5561.03,"end":5561.19},{"text":"much.","start":5561.19,"end":5561.47}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"PAN","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Panama"}},{"statement_number":20,"start":5562.83,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=1:32:43","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":5562.83,"end":5563.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5562.83,"end":5563.07},{"text":"you.","start":5563.07,"end":5563.15}]},{"text":"Let me give the floor to the representative of Bahrain.","start":5563.47,"end":5566.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":5563.47,"end":5563.59},{"text":"me","start":5563.59,"end":5563.79},{"text":"give","start":5563.91,"end":5564.11},{"text":"the","start":5564.11,"end":5564.19},{"text":"floor","start":5564.19,"end":5564.43},{"text":"to","start":5564.43,"end":5564.63},{"text":"the","start":5564.67,"end":5564.75},{"text":"representative","start":5564.75,"end":5565.55},{"text":"of","start":5565.83,"end":5566.03},{"text":"Bahrain.","start":5566.03,"end":5566.51}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GRC","group":null,"function":"President of the Security Council; Prime Minister","affiliation_full":"Greece"}},{"statement_number":21,"start":5568.95,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=1:32:49","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. President.","start":5568.95,"end":5572.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5568.95,"end":5569.07},{"text":"you,","start":5569.11,"end":5569.19},{"text":"Mr.","start":5569.19,"end":5571.23},{"text":"President.","start":5572.19,"end":5572.91}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"We wish to take this opportunity to thank the Hellenic Republic for having convened this important open debate on emerging technologies and maritime security implications for peace and security, as well as a word of welcome to His Excellency, Prime Minister of the Hellenic Republic, Mr. Mitsotakis.","start":5572.99,"end":5594.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5572.99,"end":5573.15},{"text":"wish","start":5573.15,"end":5573.39},{"text":"to","start":5573.39,"end":5573.59},{"text":"take","start":5573.63,"end":5573.79},{"text":"this","start":5573.79,"end":5573.91},{"text":"opportunity","start":5573.91,"end":5574.43},{"text":"to","start":5574.43,"end":5574.67},{"text":"thank","start":5574.67,"end":5575.15},{"text":"the","start":5575.15,"end":5575.23},{"text":"Hellenic","start":5575.23,"end":5575.63},{"text":"Republic","start":5575.63,"end":5576.03},{"text":"for","start":5576.03,"end":5576.15},{"text":"having","start":5576.15,"end":5576.39},{"text":"convened","start":5576.39,"end":5576.99},{"text":"this","start":5577.07,"end":5577.39},{"text":"important","start":5577.39,"end":5578.27},{"text":"open","start":5578.67,"end":5579.07},{"text":"debate","start":5579.07,"end":5579.79},{"text":"on","start":5579.87,"end":5580.51},{"text":"emerging","start":5580.75,"end":5581.23},{"text":"technologies","start":5581.23,"end":5582.11},{"text":"and","start":5582.11,"end":5582.35},{"text":"maritime","start":5582.35,"end":5582.75},{"text":"security","start":5582.75,"end":5583.15},{"text":"implications","start":5583.15,"end":5583.63},{"text":"for","start":5583.63,"end":5583.75},{"text":"peace","start":5583.75,"end":5583.95},{"text":"and","start":5583.95,"end":5584.07},{"text":"security,","start":5584.07,"end":5584.83},{"text":"as","start":5585.75,"end":5585.95},{"text":"well","start":5585.95,"end":5586.35},{"text":"as","start":5586.71,"end":5586.91},{"text":"a","start":5589.23,"end":5589.27},{"text":"word","start":5589.27,"end":5589.63},{"text":"of","start":5589.67,"end":5589.79},{"text":"welcome","start":5589.79,"end":5590.27},{"text":"to","start":5590.27,"end":5590.51},{"text":"His","start":5590.51,"end":5590.67},{"text":"Excellency,","start":5590.67,"end":5591.39},{"text":"Prime","start":5591.39,"end":5591.67},{"text":"Minister","start":5591.67,"end":5592.27},{"text":"of","start":5592.47,"end":5592.59},{"text":"the","start":5592.59,"end":5592.67},{"text":"Hellenic","start":5592.67,"end":5592.99},{"text":"Republic,","start":5592.99,"end":5593.39},{"text":"Mr.","start":5593.39,"end":5593.87},{"text":"Mitsotakis.","start":5593.87,"end":5594.83}]},{"text":"And we would like to welcome the ministers and various speakers and to thank them for their statements.","start":5596.95,"end":5603.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5596.95,"end":5597.35},{"text":"we","start":5597.51,"end":5597.71},{"text":"would","start":5597.71,"end":5597.91},{"text":"like","start":5597.91,"end":5598.15},{"text":"to","start":5598.15,"end":5598.31},{"text":"welcome","start":5598.31,"end":5599.03},{"text":"the","start":5599.03,"end":5599.19},{"text":"ministers","start":5599.19,"end":5599.63},{"text":"and","start":5599.63,"end":5599.75},{"text":"various","start":5599.75,"end":5600.67},{"text":"speakers","start":5600.67,"end":5601.11},{"text":"and","start":5601.11,"end":5601.27},{"text":"to","start":5601.27,"end":5601.75},{"text":"thank","start":5601.75,"end":5602.07},{"text":"them","start":5602.07,"end":5602.31},{"text":"for","start":5602.31,"end":5602.55},{"text":"their","start":5602.55,"end":5602.95},{"text":"statements.","start":5602.95,"end":5603.43}]},{"text":"Emerging technologies are promoting introducing new opportunities for development cooperation in various areas of human activity.","start":5603.43,"end":5612.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Emerging","start":5603.43,"end":5603.71},{"text":"technologies","start":5603.71,"end":5604.47},{"text":"are","start":5605.43,"end":5605.75},{"text":"promoting","start":5605.83,"end":5606.39},{"text":"introducing","start":5606.67,"end":5607.19},{"text":"new","start":5607.19,"end":5607.39},{"text":"opportunities","start":5607.39,"end":5607.99},{"text":"for","start":5607.99,"end":5608.15},{"text":"development","start":5608.15,"end":5608.63},{"text":"cooperation","start":5608.63,"end":5609.19},{"text":"in","start":5609.19,"end":5609.51},{"text":"various","start":5609.51,"end":5609.99},{"text":"areas","start":5609.99,"end":5610.55},{"text":"of","start":5610.71,"end":5611.59},{"text":"human","start":5611.59,"end":5611.87},{"text":"activity.","start":5611.87,"end":5612.63}]},{"text":"And their repercussions are being felt, are widely felt both at land and at sea.","start":5613.23,"end":5620.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5613.23,"end":5613.71},{"text":"their","start":5613.79,"end":5614.51},{"text":"repercussions","start":5614.83,"end":5615.71},{"text":"are","start":5615.71,"end":5615.95},{"text":"being","start":5615.95,"end":5616.35},{"text":"felt,","start":5616.35,"end":5616.83},{"text":"are","start":5616.99,"end":5617.63},{"text":"widely","start":5617.79,"end":5618.23},{"text":"felt","start":5618.23,"end":5618.67},{"text":"both","start":5618.67,"end":5618.87},{"text":"at","start":5618.87,"end":5618.99},{"text":"land","start":5618.99,"end":5619.39},{"text":"and","start":5619.39,"end":5619.51},{"text":"at","start":5619.51,"end":5619.63},{"text":"sea.","start":5619.63,"end":5620.11}]},{"text":"In the maritime domain, AI-related innovations, innovations in autonomous systems and surveillance technologies.","start":5620.43,"end":5629.55,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain 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They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."},{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5620.43,"end":5620.59},{"text":"the","start":5620.59,"end":5620.67},{"text":"maritime","start":5620.67,"end":5621.07},{"text":"domain,","start":5621.07,"end":5621.87},{"text":"AI-related","start":5622.27,"end":5623.23},{"text":"innovations,","start":5623.23,"end":5624.43},{"text":"innovations","start":5624.59,"end":5625.47},{"text":"in","start":5625.47,"end":5625.95},{"text":"autonomous","start":5625.95,"end":5626.47},{"text":"systems","start":5626.47,"end":5627.15},{"text":"and","start":5627.15,"end":5627.71},{"text":"surveillance","start":5627.79,"end":5628.43},{"text":"technologies.","start":5628.43,"end":5629.55}]},{"text":"are opening up promising opportunities to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of maritime transport for greater safety and security of navigation, as well as for building capabilities of naval forces for early threat detection and response.","start":5631.19,"end":5646.15,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. 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Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"What","start":5835.43,"end":5835.87},{"text":"we","start":5835.87,"end":5836.27},{"text":"have","start":5836.27,"end":5836.83},{"text":"proposed","start":5837.07,"end":5837.71},{"text":"for","start":5837.71,"end":5838.03},{"text":"greater","start":5838.03,"end":5838.43},{"text":"cooperation","start":5838.43,"end":5839.07},{"text":"and","start":5839.07,"end":5839.23},{"text":"greater","start":5839.23,"end":5839.87},{"text":"security","start":5839.87,"end":5840.55},{"text":"and","start":5840.55,"end":5840.67},{"text":"peace","start":5840.67,"end":5841.23},{"text":"is","start":5841.63,"end":5842.03},{"text":"now","start":5842.03,"end":5842.27},{"text":"being","start":5842.27,"end":5842.51},{"text":"used","start":5842.51,"end":5842.83},{"text":"by","start":5842.83,"end":5843.07},{"text":"other","start":5843.07,"end":5843.31},{"text":"stakeholders","start":5843.31,"end":5844.19},{"text":"to","start":5844.75,"end":5845.31},{"text":"threaten","start":5845.31,"end":5846.03},{"text":"navigation,","start":5846.03,"end":5846.67},{"text":"threatening","start":5846.67,"end":5847.31},{"text":"maritime","start":5847.47,"end":5847.79},{"text":"security","start":5847.79,"end":5848.35},{"text":"in","start":5848.59,"end":5848.75},{"text":"violation","start":5848.75,"end":5849.15},{"text":"of","start":5849.15,"end":5849.23},{"text":"international","start":5849.23,"end":5849.75},{"text":"law","start":5849.75,"end":5849.95},{"text":"and","start":5849.95,"end":5850.07},{"text":"international","start":5850.07,"end":5850.91},{"text":"norms,","start":5851.07,"end":5851.39},{"text":"including","start":5851.39,"end":5851.95},{"text":"Security","start":5852.51,"end":5852.99},{"text":"Council","start":5852.99,"end":5853.47},{"text":"Resolution","start":5853.47,"end":5853.95},{"text":"2817.","start":5853.95,"end":5855.79}]},{"text":"Iran has been using on crude, remotely controlled, explosive-laden vessels, targeting vessels in the Strait of Hormuz and surrounding waters.","start":5856.11,"end":5868.27,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."},{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"Iran","start":5856.11,"end":5856.67},{"text":"has","start":5856.67,"end":5856.83},{"text":"been","start":5856.83,"end":5857.07},{"text":"using","start":5857.07,"end":5857.71},{"text":"on","start":5860.67,"end":5860.99},{"text":"crude,","start":5861.07,"end":5861.87},{"text":"remotely","start":5861.87,"end":5862.43},{"text":"controlled,","start":5862.43,"end":5863.03},{"text":"explosive-laden","start":5863.03,"end":5863.99},{"text":"vessels,","start":5863.99,"end":5864.51},{"text":"targeting","start":5864.51,"end":5865.15},{"text":"vessels","start":5865.15,"end":5865.43},{"text":"in","start":5865.43,"end":5865.51},{"text":"the","start":5865.51,"end":5865.59},{"text":"Strait","start":5865.59,"end":5865.87},{"text":"of","start":5865.87,"end":5865.95},{"text":"Hormuz","start":5865.95,"end":5866.31},{"text":"and","start":5866.31,"end":5866.59},{"text":"surrounding","start":5867.23,"end":5867.79},{"text":"waters.","start":5867.79,"end":5868.27}]},{"text":"Likewise, Houthi terrorist groups have been employing these technologies as they seek to target navigation in the Red Sea and in areas near Bab el-Mandeb, thereby imperiling the lives of innocent seafarers as well as jeopardizing international trade and disrupting that.","start":5868.27,"end":5884.59,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."},{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."},{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Likewise,","start":5868.27,"end":5869.07},{"text":"Houthi","start":5869.31,"end":5869.63},{"text":"terrorist","start":5869.63,"end":5870.11},{"text":"groups","start":5870.11,"end":5870.43},{"text":"have","start":5870.43,"end":5870.59},{"text":"been","start":5870.59,"end":5870.79},{"text":"employing","start":5870.79,"end":5871.31},{"text":"these","start":5871.31,"end":5871.47},{"text":"technologies","start":5871.47,"end":5872.19},{"text":"as","start":5872.19,"end":5872.27},{"text":"they","start":5872.27,"end":5872.35},{"text":"seek","start":5872.35,"end":5872.51},{"text":"to","start":5872.51,"end":5872.67},{"text":"target","start":5872.67,"end":5873.23},{"text":"navigation","start":5873.23,"end":5873.75},{"text":"in","start":5873.75,"end":5873.83},{"text":"the","start":5873.83,"end":5873.95},{"text":"Red","start":5873.95,"end":5874.07},{"text":"Sea","start":5874.07,"end":5874.59},{"text":"and","start":5874.99,"end":5875.55},{"text":"in","start":5875.55,"end":5875.79},{"text":"areas","start":5875.79,"end":5876.19},{"text":"near","start":5876.19,"end":5876.51},{"text":"Bab","start":5876.51,"end":5876.75},{"text":"el-Mandeb,","start":5876.75,"end":5877.39},{"text":"thereby","start":5877.87,"end":5878.59},{"text":"imperiling","start":5878.59,"end":5879.39},{"text":"the","start":5879.39,"end":5879.51},{"text":"lives","start":5879.51,"end":5879.99},{"text":"of","start":5879.99,"end":5880.11},{"text":"innocent","start":5880.11,"end":5880.67},{"text":"seafarers","start":5880.67,"end":5881.39},{"text":"as","start":5881.39,"end":5881.55},{"text":"well","start":5881.55,"end":5881.79},{"text":"as","start":5881.79,"end":5881.95},{"text":"jeopardizing","start":5882.27,"end":5882.79},{"text":"international","start":5882.79,"end":5883.31},{"text":"trade","start":5883.31,"end":5883.75},{"text":"and","start":5883.75,"end":5883.87},{"text":"disrupting","start":5883.87,"end":5884.35},{"text":"that.","start":5884.35,"end":5884.59}]},{"text":"We reaffirm the fact that the protection of maritime Safety and security is not limited to safeguarding vessels and commercial passageways.","start":5884.91,"end":5894.39,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5884.91,"end":5885.15},{"text":"reaffirm","start":5885.15,"end":5885.51},{"text":"the","start":5885.51,"end":5885.63},{"text":"fact","start":5885.63,"end":5886.03},{"text":"that","start":5886.03,"end":5886.43},{"text":"the","start":5886.43,"end":5886.59},{"text":"protection","start":5886.59,"end":5887.11},{"text":"of","start":5887.11,"end":5887.23},{"text":"maritime","start":5887.23,"end":5887.87},{"text":"Safety","start":5888.55,"end":5888.71},{"text":"and","start":5888.71,"end":5888.83},{"text":"security","start":5888.83,"end":5889.19},{"text":"is","start":5889.19,"end":5889.27},{"text":"not","start":5889.27,"end":5889.47},{"text":"limited","start":5889.47,"end":5889.87},{"text":"to","start":5889.87,"end":5890.35},{"text":"safeguarding","start":5890.83,"end":5891.71},{"text":"vessels","start":5892.03,"end":5892.67},{"text":"and","start":5892.67,"end":5892.79},{"text":"commercial","start":5892.79,"end":5893.47},{"text":"passageways.","start":5893.71,"end":5894.39}]},{"text":"This also encompasses protection of crews and seafarers, providing guarantees for their safety and protecting their rights, as well as facilitating their access to the necessary assistance and support in event of emergency in accordance with international law, as well as the relevant international instruments.","start":5894.39,"end":5911.71,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. 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Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5894.39,"end":5894.59},{"text":"also","start":5894.59,"end":5894.87},{"text":"encompasses","start":5894.87,"end":5895.95},{"text":"protection","start":5896.59,"end":5897.15},{"text":"of","start":5897.15,"end":5897.23},{"text":"crews","start":5897.23,"end":5897.71},{"text":"and","start":5897.71,"end":5897.83},{"text":"seafarers,","start":5897.83,"end":5898.59},{"text":"providing","start":5898.59,"end":5899.03},{"text":"guarantees","start":5899.03,"end":5899.47},{"text":"for","start":5899.47,"end":5899.63},{"text":"their","start":5899.63,"end":5899.79},{"text":"safety","start":5900.35,"end":5901.27},{"text":"and","start":5901.27,"end":5901.55},{"text":"protecting","start":5901.55,"end":5901.91},{"text":"their","start":5901.91,"end":5902.07},{"text":"rights,","start":5902.07,"end":5902.31},{"text":"as","start":5902.31,"end":5902.43},{"text":"well","start":5902.43,"end":5902.55},{"text":"as","start":5902.55,"end":5902.63},{"text":"facilitating","start":5902.63,"end":5903.23},{"text":"their","start":5903.23,"end":5903.39},{"text":"access","start":5903.39,"end":5903.79},{"text":"to","start":5903.79,"end":5904.03},{"text":"the","start":5904.35,"end":5904.47},{"text":"necessary","start":5904.47,"end":5904.95},{"text":"assistance","start":5904.95,"end":5905.35},{"text":"and","start":5905.35,"end":5905.47},{"text":"support","start":5905.47,"end":5906.03},{"text":"in","start":5906.03,"end":5906.35},{"text":"event","start":5906.43,"end":5906.87},{"text":"of","start":5906.87,"end":5906.99},{"text":"emergency","start":5906.99,"end":5907.59},{"text":"in","start":5907.59,"end":5907.67},{"text":"accordance","start":5907.67,"end":5908.15},{"text":"with","start":5908.15,"end":5908.31},{"text":"international","start":5908.31,"end":5908.87},{"text":"law,","start":5908.87,"end":5909.11},{"text":"as","start":5909.11,"end":5909.31},{"text":"well","start":5909.31,"end":5909.55},{"text":"as","start":5909.55,"end":5909.75},{"text":"the","start":5909.75,"end":5909.83},{"text":"relevant","start":5909.83,"end":5910.27},{"text":"international","start":5910.27,"end":5910.91},{"text":"instruments.","start":5910.91,"end":5911.71}]},{"text":"This contradiction is clearly apparent in the Strait of Hormuz itself, as Iran is laying down mines and seeking to block a vital international trade artery.","start":5912.47,"end":5924.31,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. 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Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5912.47,"end":5912.79},{"text":"contradiction","start":5912.79,"end":5913.67},{"text":"is","start":5913.67,"end":5913.99},{"text":"clearly","start":5913.99,"end":5914.39},{"text":"apparent","start":5914.39,"end":5914.79},{"text":"in","start":5914.79,"end":5914.91},{"text":"the","start":5914.91,"end":5914.99},{"text":"Strait","start":5914.99,"end":5915.23},{"text":"of","start":5915.23,"end":5915.31},{"text":"Hormuz","start":5915.31,"end":5915.71},{"text":"itself,","start":5915.71,"end":5916.39},{"text":"as","start":5916.95,"end":5917.43},{"text":"Iran","start":5917.63,"end":5918.11},{"text":"is","start":5918.11,"end":5918.23},{"text":"laying","start":5918.23,"end":5918.47},{"text":"down","start":5918.47,"end":5918.87},{"text":"mines","start":5918.87,"end":5919.67},{"text":"and","start":5920.31,"end":5920.63},{"text":"seeking","start":5920.71,"end":5921.35},{"text":"to","start":5921.35,"end":5921.75},{"text":"block","start":5921.75,"end":5922.19},{"text":"a","start":5922.19,"end":5922.23},{"text":"vital","start":5922.23,"end":5922.71},{"text":"international","start":5922.71,"end":5923.27},{"text":"trade","start":5923.27,"end":5923.59},{"text":"artery.","start":5923.59,"end":5924.31}]},{"text":"Our partners have been using unmanned surface vehicles to clear the mines and to reopen the passageway between the laying down of mines and the neutralization or the removal thereof.","start":5924.79,"end":5940.31,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. 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Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Disruptions","start":6198.31,"end":6198.95},{"text":"in","start":6198.95,"end":6199.07},{"text":"the","start":6199.07,"end":6199.15},{"text":"Strait","start":6199.15,"end":6199.39},{"text":"of","start":6199.39,"end":6199.47},{"text":"Hormuz,","start":6199.47,"end":6200.11},{"text":"Bab","start":6200.43,"end":6200.67},{"text":"el-Mandeb,","start":6200.67,"end":6201.23},{"text":"The","start":6201.83,"end":6201.87},{"text":"Gulf","start":6201.87,"end":6202.15},{"text":"of","start":6202.15,"end":6202.27},{"text":"Oman","start":6202.27,"end":6202.83},{"text":"and","start":6202.95,"end":6203.11},{"text":"the","start":6203.11,"end":6203.19},{"text":"Red","start":6203.19,"end":6203.35},{"text":"Sea","start":6203.35,"end":6203.83},{"text":"have","start":6203.87,"end":6204.11},{"text":"shown","start":6204.11,"end":6204.43},{"text":"how","start":6204.43,"end":6204.75},{"text":"quickly","start":6204.75,"end":6205.47},{"text":"instability","start":6205.71,"end":6206.59},{"text":"at","start":6206.83,"end":6206.99},{"text":"a","start":6206.99,"end":6207.03},{"text":"single","start":6207.03,"end":6207.47},{"text":"choke","start":6207.47,"end":6207.79},{"text":"point","start":6207.79,"end":6208.19},{"text":"can","start":6208.43,"end":6208.63},{"text":"affect","start":6208.63,"end":6208.83},{"text":"global","start":6208.83,"end":6209.31},{"text":"energy,","start":6209.31,"end":6209.87},{"text":"food,","start":6210.11,"end":6210.67},{"text":"and","start":6210.83,"end":6211.03},{"text":"humanitarian","start":6211.03,"end":6211.79},{"text":"supply","start":6211.79,"end":6212.19},{"text":"chains.","start":6212.19,"end":6212.67}]},{"text":"Maritime stakeholders must also prepare for cyber and electronic navigation threats.","start":6213.91,"end":6219.11,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"Maritime","start":6213.91,"end":6214.31},{"text":"stakeholders","start":6214.31,"end":6215.03},{"text":"must","start":6215.03,"end":6215.23},{"text":"also","start":6215.23,"end":6215.51},{"text":"prepare","start":6215.51,"end":6215.99},{"text":"for","start":6215.99,"end":6216.15},{"text":"cyber","start":6216.15,"end":6216.71},{"text":"and","start":6216.95,"end":6217.15},{"text":"electronic","start":6217.15,"end":6217.83},{"text":"navigation","start":6217.83,"end":6218.55},{"text":"threats.","start":6218.55,"end":6219.11}]},{"text":"This includes GPS and other global navigation satellite systems jamming and spoofing, manipulation of automatic identification systems data, and attacks against vessel, port, and maritime transportation systems.","start":6219.43,"end":6233.03,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6219.43,"end":6219.59},{"text":"includes","start":6219.59,"end":6219.99},{"text":"GPS","start":6219.99,"end":6220.87},{"text":"and","start":6220.91,"end":6221.11},{"text":"other","start":6221.11,"end":6221.35},{"text":"global","start":6221.35,"end":6221.83},{"text":"navigation","start":6221.83,"end":6222.55},{"text":"satellite","start":6222.55,"end":6222.99},{"text":"systems","start":6222.99,"end":6223.43},{"text":"jamming","start":6223.43,"end":6223.79},{"text":"and","start":6223.79,"end":6223.91},{"text":"spoofing,","start":6223.91,"end":6224.47},{"text":"manipulation","start":6224.87,"end":6225.75},{"text":"of","start":6225.75,"end":6225.91},{"text":"automatic","start":6225.91,"end":6226.55},{"text":"identification","start":6226.55,"end":6227.47},{"text":"systems","start":6227.47,"end":6227.91},{"text":"data,","start":6227.91,"end":6228.39},{"text":"and","start":6228.71,"end":6228.91},{"text":"attacks","start":6228.91,"end":6229.35},{"text":"against","start":6229.35,"end":6229.67},{"text":"vessel,","start":6229.67,"end":6230.15},{"text":"port,","start":6230.47,"end":6230.87},{"text":"and","start":6231.03,"end":6231.15},{"text":"maritime","start":6231.15,"end":6231.67},{"text":"transportation","start":6231.67,"end":6232.47},{"text":"systems.","start":6232.47,"end":6233.03}]},{"text":"These threats endanger mariners, disrupt commerce, and undermine confidence in the maritime transportation system.","start":6233.67,"end":6240.63,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."},{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":6233.67,"end":6233.91},{"text":"threats","start":6233.91,"end":6234.19},{"text":"endanger","start":6234.19,"end":6234.71},{"text":"mariners,","start":6234.71,"end":6235.35},{"text":"disrupt","start":6235.59,"end":6235.99},{"text":"commerce,","start":6235.99,"end":6236.71},{"text":"and","start":6236.91,"end":6237.11},{"text":"undermine","start":6237.11,"end":6237.51},{"text":"confidence","start":6237.51,"end":6238.39},{"text":"in","start":6238.63,"end":6238.79},{"text":"the","start":6238.79,"end":6238.87},{"text":"maritime","start":6238.87,"end":6239.35},{"text":"transportation","start":6239.35,"end":6240.15},{"text":"system.","start":6240.15,"end":6240.63}]},{"text":"The United States strongly condemns these types of attacks.","start":6241.51,"end":6244.91,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6241.51,"end":6241.55},{"text":"United","start":6241.55,"end":6241.91},{"text":"States","start":6241.91,"end":6242.23},{"text":"strongly","start":6242.23,"end":6242.91},{"text":"condemns","start":6242.91,"end":6243.55},{"text":"these","start":6243.63,"end":6243.87},{"text":"types","start":6243.87,"end":6244.15},{"text":"of","start":6244.15,"end":6244.23},{"text":"attacks.","start":6244.23,"end":6244.91}]},{"text":"In the face of these continuing threats, President Trump directed firm action to safeguard maritime security and protect seafarers and commercial shipping.","start":6245.31,"end":6255.23,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6245.31,"end":6245.47},{"text":"the","start":6245.47,"end":6245.59},{"text":"face","start":6245.59,"end":6245.87},{"text":"of","start":6245.91,"end":6245.99},{"text":"these","start":6245.99,"end":6246.19},{"text":"continuing","start":6246.19,"end":6246.83},{"text":"threats,","start":6246.83,"end":6247.31},{"text":"President","start":6247.55,"end":6248.15},{"text":"Trump","start":6248.15,"end":6248.43},{"text":"directed","start":6248.51,"end":6248.95},{"text":"firm","start":6248.95,"end":6249.47},{"text":"action","start":6249.47,"end":6250.11},{"text":"to","start":6250.43,"end":6250.59},{"text":"safeguard","start":6250.59,"end":6251.07},{"text":"maritime","start":6251.07,"end":6251.63},{"text":"security","start":6251.63,"end":6252.27},{"text":"and","start":6252.59,"end":6252.75},{"text":"protect","start":6252.75,"end":6253.11},{"text":"seafarers","start":6253.11,"end":6253.95},{"text":"and","start":6254.03,"end":6254.35},{"text":"commercial","start":6254.35,"end":6254.79},{"text":"shipping.","start":6254.79,"end":6255.23}]},{"text":"Beyond protecting those at sea, we must also strengthen the supply chains that underpin global commerce.","start":6256.51,"end":6262.67,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Beyond","start":6256.51,"end":6256.83},{"text":"protecting","start":6256.83,"end":6257.35},{"text":"those","start":6257.35,"end":6257.59},{"text":"at","start":6257.59,"end":6257.67},{"text":"sea,","start":6257.67,"end":6258.19},{"text":"we","start":6258.19,"end":6258.35},{"text":"must","start":6258.35,"end":6258.59},{"text":"also","start":6258.59,"end":6258.91},{"text":"strengthen","start":6258.91,"end":6259.47},{"text":"the","start":6259.47,"end":6259.55},{"text":"supply","start":6259.55,"end":6259.95},{"text":"chains","start":6259.95,"end":6260.43},{"text":"that","start":6260.75,"end":6260.99},{"text":"underpin","start":6260.99,"end":6261.63},{"text":"global","start":6261.63,"end":6261.95},{"text":"commerce.","start":6261.95,"end":6262.67}]},{"text":"Through initiatives such as Paxilica, the United States is working with trusted partners to strengthen secure technology supply chains, advance innovation, and promote economic security.","start":6263.35,"end":6274.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Through","start":6263.35,"end":6263.47},{"text":"initiatives","start":6263.47,"end":6264.07},{"text":"such","start":6264.07,"end":6264.23},{"text":"as","start":6264.23,"end":6264.39},{"text":"Paxilica,","start":6264.39,"end":6265.27},{"text":"the","start":6265.51,"end":6265.59},{"text":"United","start":6265.59,"end":6265.99},{"text":"States","start":6265.99,"end":6266.23},{"text":"is","start":6266.23,"end":6266.39},{"text":"working","start":6266.39,"end":6266.71},{"text":"with","start":6266.71,"end":6266.83},{"text":"trusted","start":6266.83,"end":6267.35},{"text":"partners","start":6267.35,"end":6267.99},{"text":"to","start":6268.23,"end":6268.35},{"text":"strengthen","start":6268.39,"end":6269.03},{"text":"secure","start":6269.03,"end":6269.43},{"text":"technology","start":6269.43,"end":6270.03},{"text":"supply","start":6270.03,"end":6270.47},{"text":"chains,","start":6270.47,"end":6270.95},{"text":"advance","start":6271.27,"end":6271.75},{"text":"innovation,","start":6271.75,"end":6272.55},{"text":"and","start":6272.79,"end":6272.95},{"text":"promote","start":6272.95,"end":6273.51},{"text":"economic","start":6273.51,"end":6274.07},{"text":"security.","start":6274.07,"end":6274.71}]},{"text":"Resilient supply chains and trusted technological infrastructure are essential to global maritime commerce and economic stability, not just for the United States, but for all of us.","start":6275.43,"end":6286.63,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Resilient","start":6275.43,"end":6275.95},{"text":"supply","start":6275.95,"end":6276.39},{"text":"chains","start":6276.39,"end":6276.83},{"text":"and","start":6276.83,"end":6276.99},{"text":"trusted","start":6276.99,"end":6277.43},{"text":"technological","start":6277.43,"end":6278.23},{"text":"infrastructure","start":6278.23,"end":6279.19},{"text":"are","start":6279.51,"end":6279.71},{"text":"essential","start":6279.71,"end":6280.39},{"text":"to","start":6280.63,"end":6280.79},{"text":"global","start":6280.79,"end":6281.15},{"text":"maritime","start":6281.15,"end":6281.67},{"text":"commerce","start":6281.67,"end":6282.23},{"text":"and","start":6282.39,"end":6282.59},{"text":"economic","start":6282.59,"end":6283.11},{"text":"stability,","start":6283.11,"end":6283.67},{"text":"not","start":6284.07,"end":6284.35},{"text":"just","start":6284.35,"end":6284.51},{"text":"for","start":6284.51,"end":6284.63},{"text":"the","start":6284.63,"end":6284.71},{"text":"United","start":6284.71,"end":6285.11},{"text":"States,","start":6285.11,"end":6285.59},{"text":"but","start":6285.67,"end":6285.83},{"text":"for","start":6285.83,"end":6285.99},{"text":"all","start":6285.99,"end":6286.23},{"text":"of","start":6286.23,"end":6286.31},{"text":"us.","start":6286.31,"end":6286.63}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":6287.11,"end":6287.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6287.11,"end":6287.43},{"text":"you.","start":6287.43,"end":6287.51}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"USA","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"United States of America"}},{"statement_number":24,"start":6291.83,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=1:44:52","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":6291.83,"end":6292.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6291.83,"end":6291.95},{"text":"you.","start":6291.95,"end":6292.11}]},{"text":"Let me give the floor to the representative of Denmark.","start":6292.39,"end":6295.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":6292.39,"end":6292.51},{"text":"me","start":6292.51,"end":6292.67},{"text":"give","start":6292.67,"end":6292.79},{"text":"the","start":6292.79,"end":6292.91},{"text":"floor","start":6292.91,"end":6293.39},{"text":"to","start":6293.55,"end":6293.79},{"text":"the","start":6293.79,"end":6293.99},{"text":"representative","start":6293.99,"end":6294.71},{"text":"of","start":6294.71,"end":6294.83},{"text":"Denmark.","start":6294.83,"end":6295.23}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GRC","group":null,"function":"President of the Security Council; Prime Minister","affiliation_full":"Greece"}},{"statement_number":25,"start":6295.71,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=1:44:56","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. President. And I thank Greece for convening this debate and commend you, Mr. Prime Minister, for your presence today and for your country's steadfast commitment to maritime security.","start":6295.71,"end":6306.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6295.71,"end":6295.95},{"text":"you,","start":6295.95,"end":6296.03},{"text":"Mr.","start":6296.03,"end":6296.31},{"text":"President.","start":6296.31,"end":6296.83},{"text":"And","start":6296.99,"end":6297.19},{"text":"I","start":6297.19,"end":6297.23},{"text":"thank","start":6297.23,"end":6297.51},{"text":"Greece","start":6297.51,"end":6297.87},{"text":"for","start":6297.87,"end":6298.03},{"text":"convening","start":6298.03,"end":6298.47},{"text":"this","start":6298.47,"end":6298.63},{"text":"debate","start":6298.63,"end":6299.07},{"text":"and","start":6299.07,"end":6299.23},{"text":"commend","start":6299.23,"end":6299.67},{"text":"you,","start":6299.67,"end":6299.87},{"text":"Mr.","start":6299.87,"end":6300.15},{"text":"Prime","start":6300.15,"end":6300.39},{"text":"Minister,","start":6300.39,"end":6300.79},{"text":"for","start":6300.79,"end":6300.91},{"text":"your","start":6300.91,"end":6301.03},{"text":"presence","start":6301.03,"end":6301.43},{"text":"today","start":6301.43,"end":6301.79},{"text":"and","start":6302.35,"end":6302.51},{"text":"for","start":6302.51,"end":6302.63},{"text":"your","start":6302.63,"end":6302.75},{"text":"country's","start":6302.75,"end":6303.43},{"text":"steadfast","start":6303.43,"end":6303.87},{"text":"commitment","start":6303.87,"end":6305.03},{"text":"to","start":6305.03,"end":6305.15},{"text":"maritime","start":6305.23,"end":6305.79},{"text":"security.","start":6305.79,"end":6306.35}]},{"text":"Let me also thank our briefers for their insightful remarks.","start":6306.95,"end":6309.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":6306.95,"end":6307.11},{"text":"me","start":6307.11,"end":6307.23},{"text":"also","start":6307.23,"end":6307.43},{"text":"thank","start":6307.47,"end":6307.71},{"text":"our","start":6307.71,"end":6307.79},{"text":"briefers","start":6307.79,"end":6308.27},{"text":"for","start":6308.35,"end":6308.47},{"text":"their","start":6308.47,"end":6308.59},{"text":"insightful","start":6308.59,"end":6309.15},{"text":"remarks.","start":6309.15,"end":6309.79}]},{"text":"Mr. President, emerging technologies are rapidly reshaping all aspects of our lives.","start":6310.35,"end":6315.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":6310.35,"end":6310.63},{"text":"President,","start":6310.63,"end":6311.15},{"text":"emerging","start":6311.47,"end":6311.95},{"text":"technologies","start":6311.95,"end":6312.59},{"text":"are","start":6312.59,"end":6312.79},{"text":"rapidly","start":6312.79,"end":6313.23},{"text":"reshaping","start":6313.23,"end":6313.71},{"text":"all","start":6313.71,"end":6313.95},{"text":"aspects","start":6313.95,"end":6314.43},{"text":"of","start":6314.43,"end":6314.51},{"text":"our","start":6314.51,"end":6314.63},{"text":"lives.","start":6314.63,"end":6315.07}]},{"text":"This includes maritime security, remotely operated drones, autonomous systems, And AI-enabled surveillance offers new tools, not only to improve operational efficiency, but to detect and respond to threats, thereby protecting seafarers.","start":6315.47,"end":6332.27,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."},{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6315.47,"end":6315.71},{"text":"includes","start":6315.71,"end":6316.23},{"text":"maritime","start":6316.35,"end":6316.99},{"text":"security,","start":6316.99,"end":6317.71},{"text":"remotely","start":6318.27,"end":6318.79},{"text":"operated","start":6318.79,"end":6319.23},{"text":"drones,","start":6319.23,"end":6319.79},{"text":"autonomous","start":6319.99,"end":6320.55},{"text":"systems,","start":6320.55,"end":6321.07},{"text":"And","start":6321.59,"end":6321.75},{"text":"AI-enabled","start":6321.79,"end":6322.75},{"text":"surveillance","start":6322.75,"end":6323.39},{"text":"offers","start":6323.47,"end":6323.87},{"text":"new","start":6323.87,"end":6324.11},{"text":"tools,","start":6324.11,"end":6324.67},{"text":"not","start":6324.83,"end":6325.15},{"text":"only","start":6325.15,"end":6325.39},{"text":"to","start":6325.39,"end":6325.51},{"text":"improve","start":6325.51,"end":6325.87},{"text":"operational","start":6325.87,"end":6326.51},{"text":"efficiency,","start":6326.51,"end":6327.23},{"text":"but","start":6327.59,"end":6327.95},{"text":"to","start":6328.03,"end":6328.27},{"text":"detect","start":6328.27,"end":6328.83},{"text":"and","start":6328.83,"end":6329.03},{"text":"respond","start":6329.03,"end":6329.47},{"text":"to","start":6329.47,"end":6329.63},{"text":"threats,","start":6329.63,"end":6330.11},{"text":"thereby","start":6330.51,"end":6330.99},{"text":"protecting","start":6330.99,"end":6331.55},{"text":"seafarers.","start":6331.55,"end":6332.27}]},{"text":"But as we've also heard this morning, these same technologies can also be used to undermine maritime security, to attack civilian objects, including commercial ships and civilian seafarers.","start":6332.83,"end":6344.59,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."},{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":6332.83,"end":6333.03},{"text":"as","start":6333.03,"end":6333.15},{"text":"we've","start":6333.15,"end":6333.39},{"text":"also","start":6333.39,"end":6333.71},{"text":"heard","start":6333.71,"end":6333.95},{"text":"this","start":6333.95,"end":6334.11},{"text":"morning,","start":6334.11,"end":6334.59},{"text":"these","start":6334.99,"end":6335.27},{"text":"same","start":6335.27,"end":6335.63},{"text":"technologies","start":6335.63,"end":6336.27},{"text":"can","start":6336.27,"end":6336.75},{"text":"also","start":6337.07,"end":6337.39},{"text":"be","start":6337.39,"end":6337.51},{"text":"used","start":6337.51,"end":6337.79},{"text":"to","start":6337.79,"end":6337.87},{"text":"undermine","start":6337.87,"end":6338.43},{"text":"maritime","start":6338.43,"end":6338.99},{"text":"security,","start":6338.99,"end":6339.63},{"text":"to","start":6340.03,"end":6340.23},{"text":"attack","start":6340.23,"end":6340.59},{"text":"civilian","start":6340.59,"end":6340.99},{"text":"objects,","start":6340.99,"end":6341.55},{"text":"including","start":6341.63,"end":6342.19},{"text":"commercial","start":6342.19,"end":6342.67},{"text":"ships","start":6342.67,"end":6343.07},{"text":"and","start":6343.31,"end":6343.47},{"text":"civilian","start":6343.47,"end":6343.87},{"text":"seafarers.","start":6343.87,"end":6344.59}]},{"text":"This creates new challenges and raises the risk of new threats to international peace and security.","start":6345.31,"end":6350.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6345.31,"end":6345.51},{"text":"creates","start":6345.51,"end":6345.87},{"text":"new","start":6345.87,"end":6346.11},{"text":"challenges","start":6346.11,"end":6346.83},{"text":"and","start":6346.99,"end":6347.15},{"text":"raises","start":6347.15,"end":6347.43},{"text":"the","start":6347.43,"end":6347.51},{"text":"risk","start":6347.51,"end":6347.83},{"text":"of","start":6347.83,"end":6347.95},{"text":"new","start":6347.95,"end":6348.19},{"text":"threats","start":6348.19,"end":6348.59},{"text":"to","start":6348.59,"end":6348.79},{"text":"international","start":6348.79,"end":6349.35},{"text":"peace","start":6349.35,"end":6349.71},{"text":"and","start":6349.79,"end":6349.95},{"text":"security.","start":6349.95,"end":6350.51}]},{"text":"Civilian seafarers have borne the brunt of these threats.","start":6351.83,"end":6354.79,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"Civilian","start":6351.83,"end":6352.31},{"text":"seafarers","start":6352.31,"end":6352.95},{"text":"have","start":6352.95,"end":6353.11},{"text":"borne","start":6353.11,"end":6353.39},{"text":"the","start":6353.39,"end":6353.47},{"text":"brunt","start":6353.47,"end":6353.91},{"text":"of","start":6353.99,"end":6354.07},{"text":"these","start":6354.07,"end":6354.31},{"text":"threats.","start":6354.35,"end":6354.79}]},{"text":"Some have been trapped on board ships for months.","start":6355.27,"end":6357.83,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"Some","start":6355.27,"end":6355.59},{"text":"have","start":6355.59,"end":6355.75},{"text":"been","start":6355.75,"end":6355.91},{"text":"trapped","start":6355.91,"end":6356.39},{"text":"on","start":6356.43,"end":6356.55},{"text":"board","start":6356.55,"end":6356.87},{"text":"ships","start":6356.87,"end":6357.19},{"text":"for","start":6357.19,"end":6357.31},{"text":"months.","start":6357.31,"end":6357.83}]},{"text":"Many have been on ships at risk of hitting mines or faced batteries of drones and missiles.","start":6358.23,"end":6363.83,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"Many","start":6358.23,"end":6358.51},{"text":"have","start":6358.51,"end":6358.63},{"text":"been","start":6358.63,"end":6358.87},{"text":"on","start":6358.87,"end":6358.95},{"text":"ships","start":6358.95,"end":6359.43},{"text":"at","start":6359.67,"end":6359.83},{"text":"risk","start":6359.83,"end":6360.15},{"text":"of","start":6360.15,"end":6360.23},{"text":"hitting","start":6360.23,"end":6360.47},{"text":"mines","start":6360.47,"end":6360.95},{"text":"or","start":6361.27,"end":6361.35},{"text":"faced","start":6361.35,"end":6361.79},{"text":"batteries","start":6361.79,"end":6362.39},{"text":"of","start":6362.39,"end":6362.55},{"text":"drones","start":6362.55,"end":6363.03},{"text":"and","start":6363.03,"end":6363.19},{"text":"missiles.","start":6363.19,"end":6363.83}]},{"text":"Dozens have been reported killed in direct attacks by deadly autonomous weapons.","start":6364.39,"end":6369.51,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"Dozens","start":6364.39,"end":6364.75},{"text":"have","start":6364.75,"end":6364.87},{"text":"been","start":6364.87,"end":6365.11},{"text":"reported","start":6365.11,"end":6365.51},{"text":"killed","start":6365.51,"end":6365.91},{"text":"in","start":6366.07,"end":6366.23},{"text":"direct","start":6366.23,"end":6366.63},{"text":"attacks","start":6366.63,"end":6367.11},{"text":"by","start":6367.35,"end":6367.51},{"text":"deadly","start":6367.51,"end":6368.07},{"text":"autonomous","start":6368.19,"end":6368.87},{"text":"weapons.","start":6368.95,"end":6369.51}]},{"text":"We deplore such heinous attacks.","start":6370.07,"end":6371.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6370.07,"end":6370.23},{"text":"deplore","start":6370.23,"end":6370.63},{"text":"such","start":6370.63,"end":6370.95},{"text":"heinous","start":6370.95,"end":6371.35},{"text":"attacks.","start":6371.35,"end":6371.91}]},{"text":"Denmark insists that AI-enabled weapon systems must always operate under human control to ensure oversight and accountability and guard against misuse.","start":6372.79,"end":6383.11,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"Denmark","start":6372.79,"end":6373.11},{"text":"insists","start":6373.11,"end":6373.67},{"text":"that","start":6373.83,"end":6374.23},{"text":"AI-enabled","start":6374.23,"end":6374.95},{"text":"weapon","start":6375.11,"end":6375.43},{"text":"systems","start":6375.43,"end":6376.07},{"text":"must","start":6376.39,"end":6376.63},{"text":"always","start":6376.63,"end":6377.11},{"text":"operate","start":6377.11,"end":6377.59},{"text":"under","start":6377.59,"end":6377.87},{"text":"human","start":6377.87,"end":6378.19},{"text":"control","start":6378.19,"end":6378.79},{"text":"to","start":6379.03,"end":6379.15},{"text":"ensure","start":6379.15,"end":6379.43},{"text":"oversight","start":6379.43,"end":6380.07},{"text":"and","start":6380.23,"end":6380.39},{"text":"accountability","start":6380.39,"end":6381.19},{"text":"and","start":6381.51,"end":6381.67},{"text":"guard","start":6381.67,"end":6381.99},{"text":"against","start":6381.99,"end":6382.47},{"text":"misuse.","start":6382.47,"end":6383.11}]},{"text":"International law applies equally to emerging technologies.","start":6383.59,"end":6387.51,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"International","start":6383.59,"end":6384.47},{"text":"law","start":6384.47,"end":6384.55},{"text":"applies","start":6384.79,"end":6385.19},{"text":"equally","start":6385.19,"end":6385.83},{"text":"to","start":6385.83,"end":6386.03},{"text":"emerging","start":6386.03,"end":6386.55},{"text":"technologies.","start":6386.63,"end":6387.51}]},{"text":"Mr. President, since 2022, the Black Sea has become a major theater of conflict in Russia’s unprovoked and illegal full-scale invasion of Ukraine.","start":6388.63,"end":6398.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":6388.63,"end":6388.91},{"text":"President,","start":6388.91,"end":6389.35},{"text":"since","start":6389.59,"end":6389.95},{"text":"2022,","start":6389.95,"end":6391.03},{"text":"the","start":6391.43,"end":6391.55},{"text":"Black","start":6391.55,"end":6391.79},{"text":"Sea","start":6391.79,"end":6392.11},{"text":"has","start":6392.11,"end":6392.23},{"text":"become","start":6392.23,"end":6392.51},{"text":"a","start":6392.51,"end":6392.55},{"text":"major","start":6392.55,"end":6393.03},{"text":"theater","start":6393.03,"end":6393.43},{"text":"of","start":6393.43,"end":6393.51},{"text":"conflict","start":6393.51,"end":6394.07},{"text":"in","start":6394.31,"end":6394.55},{"text":"Russia’s","start":6394.55,"end":6394.95},{"text":"unprovoked","start":6394.95,"end":6395.67},{"text":"and","start":6395.91,"end":6396.19},{"text":"illegal","start":6396.19,"end":6396.55},{"text":"full-scale","start":6396.55,"end":6397.03},{"text":"invasion","start":6397.03,"end":6397.55},{"text":"of","start":6397.55,"end":6397.67},{"text":"Ukraine.","start":6397.67,"end":6398.15}]},{"text":"That same year, the Secretary General brokered the Black Sea Grain Initiative to limit the increase in global food insecurity.","start":6398.71,"end":6405.27,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":6398.71,"end":6398.95},{"text":"same","start":6398.95,"end":6399.19},{"text":"year,","start":6399.19,"end":6399.43},{"text":"the","start":6399.43,"end":6399.51},{"text":"Secretary","start":6399.51,"end":6399.99},{"text":"General","start":6399.99,"end":6400.39},{"text":"brokered","start":6400.63,"end":6401.07},{"text":"the","start":6401.07,"end":6401.15},{"text":"Black","start":6401.31,"end":6401.55},{"text":"Sea","start":6401.55,"end":6401.87},{"text":"Grain","start":6401.87,"end":6402.15},{"text":"Initiative","start":6402.15,"end":6402.87},{"text":"to","start":6403.11,"end":6403.19},{"text":"limit","start":6403.19,"end":6403.55},{"text":"the","start":6403.55,"end":6403.63},{"text":"increase","start":6403.63,"end":6404.03},{"text":"in","start":6404.03,"end":6404.11},{"text":"global","start":6404.11,"end":6404.43},{"text":"food","start":6404.43,"end":6404.67},{"text":"insecurity.","start":6404.67,"end":6405.27}]},{"text":"Russia, regrettably, withdrew from the agreement after just one year.","start":6406.11,"end":6409.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Russia,","start":6406.11,"end":6406.35},{"text":"regrettably,","start":6406.35,"end":6407.07},{"text":"withdrew","start":6407.07,"end":6407.39},{"text":"from","start":6407.39,"end":6407.55},{"text":"the","start":6407.55,"end":6407.67},{"text":"agreement","start":6407.67,"end":6408.11},{"text":"after","start":6408.11,"end":6408.43},{"text":"just","start":6408.43,"end":6408.67},{"text":"one","start":6408.67,"end":6408.91},{"text":"year.","start":6408.91,"end":6409.15}]},{"text":"Since then, there have been repeated drone strikes on vessels transporting grain and cooking oil.","start":6410.03,"end":6414.91,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."},{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":6410.03,"end":6410.35},{"text":"then,","start":6410.35,"end":6410.67},{"text":"there","start":6411.07,"end":6411.19},{"text":"have","start":6411.19,"end":6411.35},{"text":"been","start":6411.39,"end":6411.55},{"text":"repeated","start":6411.55,"end":6411.99},{"text":"drone","start":6411.99,"end":6412.27},{"text":"strikes","start":6412.27,"end":6412.67},{"text":"on","start":6412.67,"end":6412.75},{"text":"vessels","start":6412.75,"end":6413.23},{"text":"transporting","start":6413.23,"end":6413.79},{"text":"grain","start":6413.79,"end":6414.11},{"text":"and","start":6414.11,"end":6414.23},{"text":"cooking","start":6414.23,"end":6414.59},{"text":"oil.","start":6414.59,"end":6414.91}]},{"text":"Grain storage sites and commercial port infrastructure have also been hit.","start":6416.11,"end":6419.63,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. 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Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Grain","start":6416.11,"end":6416.35},{"text":"storage","start":6416.35,"end":6416.75},{"text":"sites","start":6416.75,"end":6417.23},{"text":"and","start":6417.39,"end":6417.55},{"text":"commercial","start":6417.55,"end":6417.95},{"text":"port","start":6417.95,"end":6418.23},{"text":"infrastructure","start":6418.23,"end":6418.75},{"text":"have","start":6418.75,"end":6418.91},{"text":"also","start":6418.91,"end":6419.15},{"text":"been","start":6419.15,"end":6419.31},{"text":"hit.","start":6419.31,"end":6419.63}]},{"text":"The Middle East, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa have all felt the consequences, with tens of millions facing growing food insecurity, humanitarian suffering on a huge scale.","start":6420.35,"end":6430.99,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6420.35,"end":6420.43},{"text":"Middle","start":6420.43,"end":6420.67},{"text":"East,","start":6420.67,"end":6420.99},{"text":"North","start":6420.99,"end":6421.23},{"text":"Africa,","start":6421.23,"end":6421.59},{"text":"and","start":6421.59,"end":6421.91},{"text":"the","start":6421.91,"end":6421.99},{"text":"Horn","start":6421.99,"end":6422.15},{"text":"of","start":6422.15,"end":6422.27},{"text":"Africa","start":6422.27,"end":6422.75},{"text":"have","start":6423.07,"end":6423.23},{"text":"all","start":6423.27,"end":6423.55},{"text":"felt","start":6423.55,"end":6423.83},{"text":"the","start":6423.83,"end":6423.91},{"text":"consequences,","start":6423.91,"end":6424.83},{"text":"with","start":6424.99,"end":6425.23},{"text":"tens","start":6425.23,"end":6425.59},{"text":"of","start":6425.59,"end":6425.67},{"text":"millions","start":6425.67,"end":6426.19},{"text":"facing","start":6426.19,"end":6426.47},{"text":"growing","start":6426.47,"end":6426.83},{"text":"food","start":6426.83,"end":6427.15},{"text":"insecurity,","start":6427.15,"end":6427.79},{"text":"humanitarian","start":6428.39,"end":6429.15},{"text":"suffering","start":6429.15,"end":6429.71},{"text":"on","start":6429.91,"end":6429.99},{"text":"a","start":6429.99,"end":6430.03},{"text":"huge","start":6430.03,"end":6430.47},{"text":"scale.","start":6430.47,"end":6430.99}]},{"text":"The toll on seafarers in the Black Sea has been acute.","start":6431.91,"end":6434.59,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6431.91,"end":6431.95},{"text":"toll","start":6431.95,"end":6432.27},{"text":"on","start":6432.27,"end":6432.35},{"text":"seafarers","start":6432.35,"end":6432.87},{"text":"in","start":6432.87,"end":6432.95},{"text":"the","start":6432.95,"end":6433.03},{"text":"Black","start":6433.03,"end":6433.19},{"text":"Sea","start":6433.19,"end":6433.63},{"text":"has","start":6433.79,"end":6434.03},{"text":"been","start":6434.03,"end":6434.19},{"text":"acute.","start":6434.19,"end":6434.59}]},{"text":"In the last year, around 50 seafarers have been reportedly killed and over 100 injured.","start":6434.99,"end":6440.83,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6434.99,"end":6435.15},{"text":"the","start":6435.15,"end":6435.23},{"text":"last","start":6435.23,"end":6435.55},{"text":"year,","start":6435.55,"end":6435.87},{"text":"around","start":6436.11,"end":6436.47},{"text":"50","start":6436.59,"end":6437.07},{"text":"seafarers","start":6437.07,"end":6437.55},{"text":"have","start":6437.55,"end":6437.67},{"text":"been","start":6437.67,"end":6437.87},{"text":"reportedly","start":6437.87,"end":6438.35},{"text":"killed","start":6438.35,"end":6438.83},{"text":"and","start":6439.07,"end":6439.31},{"text":"over","start":6439.31,"end":6439.59},{"text":"100","start":6439.63,"end":6440.35},{"text":"injured.","start":6440.35,"end":6440.83}]},{"text":"Denmark supports the proposed double moratorium that aims to ensure, among other things, that Ukrainian and Russian grain can cross the Black Sea to reach the world market.","start":6441.71,"end":6451.39,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. 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Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Denmark","start":6441.71,"end":6442.03},{"text":"supports","start":6442.03,"end":6442.67},{"text":"the","start":6442.75,"end":6442.83},{"text":"proposed","start":6442.83,"end":6443.51},{"text":"double","start":6443.51,"end":6443.75},{"text":"moratorium","start":6443.75,"end":6444.51},{"text":"that","start":6444.91,"end":6445.15},{"text":"aims","start":6445.31,"end":6445.59},{"text":"to","start":6445.59,"end":6445.67},{"text":"ensure,","start":6445.67,"end":6446.11},{"text":"among","start":6446.11,"end":6446.43},{"text":"other","start":6446.43,"end":6446.63},{"text":"things,","start":6446.63,"end":6447.07},{"text":"that","start":6447.15,"end":6447.31},{"text":"Ukrainian","start":6447.31,"end":6447.83},{"text":"and","start":6447.83,"end":6447.99},{"text":"Russian","start":6447.99,"end":6448.27},{"text":"grain","start":6448.27,"end":6448.59},{"text":"can","start":6448.59,"end":6448.75},{"text":"cross","start":6448.75,"end":6449.11},{"text":"the","start":6449.11,"end":6449.19},{"text":"Black","start":6449.19,"end":6449.47},{"text":"Sea","start":6449.47,"end":6449.79},{"text":"to","start":6450.03,"end":6450.15},{"text":"reach","start":6450.15,"end":6450.55},{"text":"the","start":6450.55,"end":6450.63},{"text":"world","start":6450.63,"end":6450.91},{"text":"market.","start":6450.91,"end":6451.39}]},{"text":"Regrettably, Russia has so far shown no interest and has only escalated the war further.","start":6452.11,"end":6457.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Regrettably,","start":6452.11,"end":6452.83},{"text":"Russia","start":6453.15,"end":6453.47},{"text":"has","start":6453.47,"end":6453.71},{"text":"so","start":6453.71,"end":6453.87},{"text":"far","start":6453.87,"end":6454.19},{"text":"shown","start":6454.19,"end":6454.39},{"text":"no","start":6454.39,"end":6454.55},{"text":"interest","start":6454.55,"end":6455.15},{"text":"and","start":6455.47,"end":6455.67},{"text":"has","start":6455.67,"end":6455.79},{"text":"only","start":6455.79,"end":6456.19},{"text":"escalated","start":6456.19,"end":6456.71},{"text":"the","start":6456.71,"end":6456.83},{"text":"war","start":6456.83,"end":6457.23},{"text":"further.","start":6457.31,"end":6457.79}]},{"text":"Mr. President, the Straits of Hormuz and Bab el-Mandab are critical chokepoints in the global supply chains, where emerging technologies threaten maritime security.","start":6458.83,"end":6468.23,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":6458.83,"end":6459.07},{"text":"President,","start":6459.07,"end":6459.47},{"text":"the","start":6459.67,"end":6459.79},{"text":"Straits","start":6459.79,"end":6460.15},{"text":"of","start":6460.15,"end":6460.23},{"text":"Hormuz","start":6460.23,"end":6460.79},{"text":"and","start":6460.79,"end":6460.95},{"text":"Bab","start":6460.95,"end":6461.19},{"text":"el-Mandab","start":6461.19,"end":6461.67},{"text":"are","start":6462.07,"end":6462.15},{"text":"critical","start":6462.15,"end":6462.63},{"text":"chokepoints","start":6462.63,"end":6463.23},{"text":"in","start":6463.23,"end":6463.35},{"text":"the","start":6463.35,"end":6463.43},{"text":"global","start":6463.43,"end":6463.75},{"text":"supply","start":6463.75,"end":6464.31},{"text":"chains,","start":6464.31,"end":6464.87},{"text":"where","start":6465.35,"end":6465.63},{"text":"emerging","start":6465.63,"end":6465.99},{"text":"technologies","start":6465.99,"end":6466.79},{"text":"threaten","start":6466.79,"end":6467.19},{"text":"maritime","start":6467.19,"end":6467.67},{"text":"security.","start":6467.67,"end":6468.23}]},{"text":"Iranian and Houthi drones have been reported hitting tankers and container ships with ever greater accuracy.","start":6469.07,"end":6475.83,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. 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Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Ships","start":6483.59,"end":6483.91},{"text":"have","start":6483.91,"end":6484.03},{"text":"been","start":6484.03,"end":6484.15},{"text":"rerouted,","start":6484.15,"end":6484.71},{"text":"resulting","start":6485.03,"end":6485.47},{"text":"in","start":6485.47,"end":6485.59},{"text":"long","start":6485.59,"end":6485.83},{"text":"delays","start":6485.83,"end":6486.15},{"text":"for","start":6486.15,"end":6486.27},{"text":"critical","start":6486.27,"end":6486.63},{"text":"goods","start":6486.63,"end":6487.03},{"text":"and","start":6487.23,"end":6487.43},{"text":"higher","start":6487.43,"end":6487.67},{"text":"freight","start":6487.67,"end":6487.95},{"text":"costs.","start":6487.95,"end":6488.43}]},{"text":"negatively impacting global growth and development.","start":6488.83,"end":6492.11,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"negatively","start":6488.83,"end":6489.43},{"text":"impacting","start":6489.43,"end":6489.91},{"text":"global","start":6489.91,"end":6490.27},{"text":"growth","start":6490.27,"end":6491.07},{"text":"and","start":6491.43,"end":6491.59},{"text":"development.","start":6491.59,"end":6492.11}]},{"text":"Since 28 February, the world's energy flows from the Gulf have been disrupted, significantly increasing global prices.","start":6493.07,"end":6501.71,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. 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Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Without","start":6510.51,"end":6510.87},{"text":"this","start":6510.87,"end":6511.07},{"text":"vital","start":6511.07,"end":6511.47},{"text":"commodity,","start":6511.47,"end":6512.27},{"text":"many","start":6512.67,"end":6513.07},{"text":"farmers","start":6513.07,"end":6513.51},{"text":"across","start":6513.51,"end":6513.79},{"text":"the","start":6513.79,"end":6513.87},{"text":"world","start":6513.87,"end":6514.15},{"text":"are","start":6514.19,"end":6514.27},{"text":"unable","start":6514.27,"end":6514.75},{"text":"to","start":6514.75,"end":6514.91},{"text":"achieve","start":6515.07,"end":6515.51},{"text":"their","start":6515.51,"end":6515.63},{"text":"normal","start":6515.63,"end":6516.19},{"text":"crop","start":6516.27,"end":6516.59},{"text":"yields,","start":6516.59,"end":6517.23},{"text":"resulting","start":6517.67,"end":6518.11},{"text":"in","start":6518.11,"end":6518.19},{"text":"increased","start":6518.19,"end":6518.75},{"text":"and","start":6518.99,"end":6519.11},{"text":"more","start":6519.11,"end":6519.27},{"text":"acute","start":6519.27,"end":6519.71},{"text":"food","start":6519.71,"end":6520.03},{"text":"insecurity.","start":6520.19,"end":6520.91}]},{"text":"This trend must be urgently reversed.","start":6521.39,"end":6524.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6521.39,"end":6521.63},{"text":"trend","start":6521.63,"end":6521.95},{"text":"must","start":6522.11,"end":6522.43},{"text":"be","start":6522.43,"end":6522.59},{"text":"urgently","start":6522.67,"end":6523.31},{"text":"reversed.","start":6523.55,"end":6524.19}]},{"text":"Mr. President, this Council needs to better understand how emerging technologies affect maritime security.","start":6525.15,"end":6531.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":6525.15,"end":6525.47},{"text":"President,","start":6525.47,"end":6525.87},{"text":"this","start":6526.43,"end":6526.59},{"text":"Council","start":6526.59,"end":6526.91},{"text":"needs","start":6526.91,"end":6527.19},{"text":"to","start":6527.19,"end":6527.31},{"text":"better","start":6527.31,"end":6527.55},{"text":"understand","start":6527.55,"end":6528.11},{"text":"how","start":6528.11,"end":6528.43},{"text":"emerging","start":6528.51,"end":6528.87},{"text":"technologies","start":6528.87,"end":6529.51},{"text":"affect","start":6529.51,"end":6529.95},{"text":"maritime","start":6530.11,"end":6530.51},{"text":"security.","start":6530.51,"end":6531.07}]},{"text":"Denmark welcomes the recent launch of an informal expert group on technology, peace, and security, which provides a possible forum for such discussions.","start":6531.63,"end":6539.95,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"Denmark","start":6531.63,"end":6531.95},{"text":"welcomes","start":6531.95,"end":6532.39},{"text":"the","start":6532.39,"end":6532.47},{"text":"recent","start":6532.47,"end":6532.79},{"text":"launch","start":6532.79,"end":6533.15},{"text":"of","start":6533.55,"end":6533.67},{"text":"an","start":6533.67,"end":6533.75},{"text":"informal","start":6533.75,"end":6534.35},{"text":"expert","start":6534.35,"end":6534.71},{"text":"group","start":6534.71,"end":6534.87},{"text":"on","start":6534.87,"end":6534.99},{"text":"technology,","start":6534.99,"end":6535.63},{"text":"peace,","start":6535.63,"end":6535.91},{"text":"and","start":6535.91,"end":6536.03},{"text":"security,","start":6536.03,"end":6536.59},{"text":"which","start":6536.87,"end":6537.11},{"text":"provides","start":6537.11,"end":6537.55},{"text":"a","start":6537.55,"end":6537.63},{"text":"possible","start":6537.63,"end":6538.07},{"text":"forum","start":6538.07,"end":6538.51},{"text":"for","start":6538.75,"end":6538.91},{"text":"such","start":6538.91,"end":6539.23},{"text":"discussions.","start":6539.23,"end":6539.95}]},{"text":"These technologies are not only risks, but also opportunities.","start":6540.67,"end":6543.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":6540.67,"end":6540.91},{"text":"technologies","start":6540.91,"end":6541.55},{"text":"are","start":6541.55,"end":6541.63},{"text":"not","start":6541.63,"end":6541.83},{"text":"only","start":6541.83,"end":6542.03},{"text":"risks,","start":6542.03,"end":6542.43},{"text":"but","start":6542.43,"end":6542.59},{"text":"also","start":6542.59,"end":6542.87},{"text":"opportunities.","start":6542.87,"end":6543.63}]},{"text":"More responsible innovation, information sharing, practical cooperation, and international oversight grounded in international law could lead to greater maritime security.","start":6544.03,"end":6553.23,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. 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Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"More","start":6544.03,"end":6544.15},{"text":"responsible","start":6544.15,"end":6544.75},{"text":"innovation,","start":6544.75,"end":6545.55},{"text":"information","start":6545.55,"end":6546.11},{"text":"sharing,","start":6546.11,"end":6546.59},{"text":"practical","start":6546.83,"end":6547.31},{"text":"cooperation,","start":6547.31,"end":6547.79},{"text":"and","start":6547.79,"end":6547.91},{"text":"international","start":6547.91,"end":6548.47},{"text":"oversight","start":6548.47,"end":6548.99},{"text":"grounded","start":6549.39,"end":6549.79},{"text":"in","start":6549.79,"end":6549.87},{"text":"international","start":6549.87,"end":6550.71},{"text":"law","start":6550.71,"end":6550.79},{"text":"could","start":6551.23,"end":6551.55},{"text":"lead","start":6551.55,"end":6551.71},{"text":"to","start":6551.71,"end":6551.83},{"text":"greater","start":6551.83,"end":6552.19},{"text":"maritime","start":6552.19,"end":6552.67},{"text":"security.","start":6552.67,"end":6553.23}]},{"text":"UNCLOS and international humanitarian law must remain the legal anchor for our use of the seas.","start":6553.87,"end":6560.27,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. 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Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"Freedom","start":6560.91,"end":6561.23},{"text":"of","start":6561.23,"end":6561.39},{"text":"navigation,","start":6561.39,"end":6562.11},{"text":"also","start":6562.43,"end":6562.75},{"text":"during","start":6562.75,"end":6563.07},{"text":"armed","start":6563.07,"end":6563.23},{"text":"conflict,","start":6563.23,"end":6563.79},{"text":"is","start":6564.03,"end":6564.27},{"text":"enshrined","start":6564.27,"end":6564.75},{"text":"in","start":6564.75,"end":6564.83},{"text":"international","start":6564.83,"end":6565.79},{"text":"law","start":6565.79,"end":6565.87},{"text":"precisely","start":6566.27,"end":6566.95},{"text":"because","start":6566.95,"end":6567.39},{"text":"this","start":6567.39,"end":6567.59},{"text":"common","start":6567.59,"end":6567.95},{"text":"good","start":6567.95,"end":6568.19},{"text":"is","start":6568.19,"end":6568.35},{"text":"vital","start":6568.35,"end":6568.91},{"text":"to","start":6568.99,"end":6569.15},{"text":"our","start":6569.15,"end":6569.23},{"text":"collective","start":6569.23,"end":6569.79},{"text":"security.","start":6569.95,"end":6570.59}]},{"text":"Parties to a conflict must respect the freedom of navigation of non-belliter state and adhere to international humanitarian law.","start":6571.63,"end":6579.59,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. 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The Democratic Republic of Congo thanks the Hellenic Republic for having organized this high-level debate, and we welcome the presence of His Excellency Mr. Kyriakos Mitsotakis, Prime Minister of Greece.","start":6598.19,"end":6614.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6598.19,"end":6598.47},{"text":"you,","start":6598.47,"end":6598.55},{"text":"Mr.","start":6598.55,"end":6598.83},{"text":"President.","start":6598.83,"end":6599.55},{"text":"The","start":6599.55,"end":6599.67},{"text":"Democratic","start":6599.79,"end":6600.39},{"text":"Republic","start":6600.39,"end":6600.83},{"text":"of","start":6601.19,"end":6601.39},{"text":"Congo","start":6601.55,"end":6602.19},{"text":"thanks","start":6602.27,"end":6602.55},{"text":"the","start":6602.55,"end":6602.63},{"text":"Hellenic","start":6602.63,"end":6603.07},{"text":"Republic","start":6603.07,"end":6603.43},{"text":"for","start":6603.43,"end":6603.55},{"text":"having","start":6603.55,"end":6603.79},{"text":"organized","start":6603.79,"end":6604.35},{"text":"this","start":6604.35,"end":6604.51},{"text":"high-level","start":6604.51,"end":6604.99},{"text":"debate,","start":6604.99,"end":6605.63},{"text":"and","start":6606.11,"end":6606.27},{"text":"we","start":6606.27,"end":6606.35},{"text":"welcome","start":6606.35,"end":6606.83},{"text":"the","start":6606.83,"end":6606.95},{"text":"presence","start":6607.71,"end":6608.43},{"text":"of","start":6608.71,"end":6608.91},{"text":"His","start":6609.07,"end":6609.31},{"text":"Excellency","start":6609.31,"end":6609.87},{"text":"Mr.","start":6609.87,"end":6610.11},{"text":"Kyriakos","start":6610.11,"end":6611.07},{"text":"Mitsotakis,","start":6612.35,"end":6613.23},{"text":"Prime","start":6613.23,"end":6613.43},{"text":"Minister","start":6613.43,"end":6613.79},{"text":"of","start":6613.79,"end":6613.87},{"text":"Greece.","start":6613.87,"end":6614.19}]},{"text":"It is an honor to have you preside over this meeting.","start":6614.59,"end":6617.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6614.59,"end":6614.75},{"text":"is","start":6614.75,"end":6614.83},{"text":"an","start":6614.83,"end":6614.99},{"text":"honor","start":6614.99,"end":6615.47},{"text":"to","start":6615.47,"end":6615.63},{"text":"have","start":6615.63,"end":6615.75},{"text":"you","start":6615.75,"end":6615.83},{"text":"preside","start":6615.83,"end":6616.19},{"text":"over","start":6616.19,"end":6616.35},{"text":"this","start":6616.35,"end":6616.59},{"text":"meeting.","start":6616.59,"end":6617.07}]},{"text":"We also welcome the participation of the ministers.","start":6617.55,"end":6623.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6617.55,"end":6617.79},{"text":"also","start":6617.79,"end":6618.19},{"text":"welcome","start":6618.19,"end":6618.51},{"text":"the","start":6618.51,"end":6618.59},{"text":"participation","start":6618.59,"end":6619.71},{"text":"of","start":6620.07,"end":6620.27},{"text":"the","start":6620.75,"end":6620.95},{"text":"ministers.","start":6622.27,"end":6623.15}]},{"text":"And we thank speakers for their briefings.","start":6623.59,"end":6627.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6623.59,"end":6623.91},{"text":"we","start":6623.91,"end":6624.23},{"text":"thank","start":6624.23,"end":6624.79},{"text":"speakers","start":6624.79,"end":6625.59},{"text":"for","start":6625.59,"end":6626.15},{"text":"their","start":6626.15,"end":6626.71},{"text":"briefings.","start":6626.71,"end":6627.59}]},{"text":"This discussion builds upon the considerations initiated in 2025 on maritime cooperation and emerging challenges.","start":6627.99,"end":6637.91,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6627.99,"end":6628.31},{"text":"discussion","start":6628.31,"end":6629.27},{"text":"builds","start":6630.07,"end":6630.63},{"text":"upon","start":6630.63,"end":6631.27},{"text":"the","start":6631.27,"end":6631.47},{"text":"considerations","start":6631.91,"end":6632.87},{"text":"initiated","start":6632.87,"end":6633.91},{"text":"in","start":6633.91,"end":6634.03},{"text":"2025","start":6634.03,"end":6635.11},{"text":"on","start":6635.11,"end":6635.47},{"text":"maritime","start":6635.47,"end":6635.79},{"text":"cooperation","start":6635.79,"end":6636.39},{"text":"and","start":6636.39,"end":6636.51},{"text":"emerging","start":6636.51,"end":6637.11},{"text":"challenges.","start":6637.11,"end":6637.91}]},{"text":"This is an opportunity to ponder an essential question: How is it that we can see to it that technological progress enhances maritime security and collective security rather than generating new vulnerabilities or heightening risks of confrontation?","start":6638.35,"end":6654.11,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6638.35,"end":6638.43},{"text":"is","start":6638.43,"end":6638.59},{"text":"an","start":6638.59,"end":6638.67},{"text":"opportunity","start":6638.67,"end":6639.31},{"text":"to","start":6639.31,"end":6639.47},{"text":"ponder","start":6639.47,"end":6640.03},{"text":"an","start":6640.07,"end":6640.19},{"text":"essential","start":6640.19,"end":6640.63},{"text":"question:","start":6640.63,"end":6641.07},{"text":"How","start":6641.07,"end":6641.39},{"text":"is","start":6641.39,"end":6641.63},{"text":"it","start":6641.63,"end":6641.71},{"text":"that","start":6641.71,"end":6641.87},{"text":"we","start":6641.87,"end":6642.03},{"text":"can","start":6642.03,"end":6642.19},{"text":"see","start":6642.19,"end":6642.43},{"text":"to","start":6642.43,"end":6642.63},{"text":"it","start":6642.63,"end":6642.83},{"text":"that","start":6642.83,"end":6643.19},{"text":"technological","start":6643.19,"end":6643.75},{"text":"progress","start":6643.75,"end":6644.27},{"text":"enhances","start":6644.59,"end":6645.55},{"text":"maritime","start":6645.55,"end":6645.95},{"text":"security","start":6645.95,"end":6646.55},{"text":"and","start":6646.55,"end":6646.67},{"text":"collective","start":6646.67,"end":6647.07},{"text":"security","start":6647.07,"end":6647.59},{"text":"rather","start":6647.59,"end":6647.91},{"text":"than","start":6647.91,"end":6648.35},{"text":"generating","start":6648.67,"end":6649.39},{"text":"new","start":6649.39,"end":6649.71},{"text":"vulnerabilities","start":6649.71,"end":6650.99},{"text":"or","start":6651.39,"end":6651.71},{"text":"heightening","start":6651.71,"end":6652.43},{"text":"risks","start":6652.51,"end":6652.99},{"text":"of","start":6652.99,"end":6653.07},{"text":"confrontation?","start":6653.07,"end":6654.11}]},{"text":"The response needs to lie in conflict prevention, respect for international law, and cooperation amongst states.","start":6654.27,"end":6661.95,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."},{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6654.27,"end":6654.47},{"text":"response","start":6654.47,"end":6655.23},{"text":"needs","start":6655.23,"end":6655.71},{"text":"to","start":6655.71,"end":6656.27},{"text":"lie","start":6656.67,"end":6657.15},{"text":"in","start":6657.15,"end":6657.39},{"text":"conflict","start":6657.39,"end":6658.11},{"text":"prevention,","start":6658.11,"end":6658.63},{"text":"respect","start":6658.63,"end":6659.15},{"text":"for","start":6659.15,"end":6659.27},{"text":"international","start":6659.27,"end":6659.95},{"text":"law,","start":6659.95,"end":6660.07},{"text":"and","start":6660.07,"end":6660.19},{"text":"cooperation","start":6660.19,"end":6660.79},{"text":"amongst","start":6660.79,"end":6661.31},{"text":"states.","start":6661.31,"end":6661.95}]},{"text":"This question is all the more significant in light of the fact that maritime domains are key to global trade, to energy supplies, to food security, and to economic development.","start":6662.67,"end":6675.39,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6662.67,"end":6662.83},{"text":"question","start":6662.83,"end":6663.31},{"text":"is","start":6663.31,"end":6663.47},{"text":"all","start":6663.47,"end":6663.63},{"text":"the","start":6663.63,"end":6663.75},{"text":"more","start":6663.75,"end":6663.95},{"text":"significant","start":6663.95,"end":6664.75},{"text":"in","start":6664.75,"end":6664.83},{"text":"light","start":6664.83,"end":6664.99},{"text":"of","start":6664.99,"end":6665.07},{"text":"the","start":6665.07,"end":6665.15},{"text":"fact","start":6665.15,"end":6665.55},{"text":"that","start":6665.55,"end":6666.11},{"text":"maritime","start":6666.43,"end":6666.99},{"text":"domains","start":6666.99,"end":6667.55},{"text":"are","start":6667.55,"end":6667.79},{"text":"key","start":6667.79,"end":6668.27},{"text":"to","start":6668.27,"end":6668.51},{"text":"global","start":6668.51,"end":6668.83},{"text":"trade,","start":6668.83,"end":6669.39},{"text":"to","start":6669.39,"end":6669.87},{"text":"energy","start":6669.87,"end":6670.43},{"text":"supplies,","start":6670.43,"end":6671.15},{"text":"to","start":6671.15,"end":6671.27},{"text":"food","start":6671.27,"end":6672.11},{"text":"security,","start":6672.11,"end":6672.91},{"text":"and","start":6673.23,"end":6673.95},{"text":"to","start":6673.95,"end":6674.15},{"text":"economic","start":6674.15,"end":6674.55},{"text":"development.","start":6674.55,"end":6675.39}]},{"text":"And yet, piracy, maritime terrorism, illicit trafficking, attacks on vessels, and threats to critical infrastructure compromise their security.","start":6675.79,"end":6688.99,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. 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some of these minerals are being used for the manufacturing of cellular phones, computers, as well as other electronic devices, which are supporting global technological 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there's a vital need for technological progress not to be done in a manner that includes a plunder of our natural resources and suffering of our 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accordance with the provisions of Article 24 of the Charter of the United Nations, the Security Council has an obligation to continue to undertake efforts for preventive diplomacy and inclusive cooperation And together with competent institutions, the challenge is not to undermine or to slow down innovation, but rather to make innovation help to advance, help innovation to advance 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should help to achieve conflict prevention, to address and to end war, to protect people, and to guarantee that natural resources benefit the people to whom they 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technological progress is not only measured by what humanity can create, but the ability to prevent conflict, to sustain peace, to build, share, sustain sustainable and equitable security for all 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order to make these principles a reality, tangible reality, there are a number of necessary measures that need to be 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and foremost, adapting the legal framework to reflect technological developments by harnessing the work of the IMO, specifically developments related to autonomous vessel safety and security.","start":6994.75,"end":7009.55,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. 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this technology works without even a GPS, and also, again, the ability to manipulate data on physical systems that countries that do not produce this technology is there.","start":7332.67,"end":7346.63,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. 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Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":7567.31,"end":7567.55},{"text":"cables,","start":7567.55,"end":7568.15},{"text":"together","start":7568.15,"end":7568.55},{"text":"with","start":7568.55,"end":7568.75},{"text":"other","start":7568.75,"end":7568.99},{"text":"infrastructure","start":7568.99,"end":7569.75},{"text":"such","start":7569.75,"end":7570.19},{"text":"as","start":7570.27,"end":7570.91},{"text":"oil","start":7571.59,"end":7572.07},{"text":"and","start":7572.07,"end":7572.35},{"text":"gas","start":7572.35,"end":7572.63},{"text":"pipelines","start":7572.63,"end":7573.51},{"text":"are","start":7573.99,"end":7574.39},{"text":"increasingly","start":7574.47,"end":7575.43},{"text":"vulnerable","start":7575.43,"end":7576.23},{"text":"to","start":7576.23,"end":7576.51},{"text":"deliberate","start":7576.79,"end":7577.51},{"text":"acts","start":7577.51,"end":7577.87},{"text":"of","start":7577.87,"end":7577.99},{"text":"sabotage","start":7577.99,"end":7578.87},{"text":"as","start":7579.19,"end":7579.43},{"text":"well","start":7579.43,"end":7579.67},{"text":"as","start":7579.67,"end":7579.91},{"text":"to","start":7579.91,"end":7580.15},{"text":"accidental","start":7580.15,"end":7581.03},{"text":"damage,","start":7581.03,"end":7581.67},{"text":"with","start":7581.91,"end":7582.19},{"text":"consequences","start":7582.19,"end":7583.19},{"text":"that","start":7583.19,"end":7583.51},{"text":"go","start":7584.07,"end":7584.31},{"text":"beyond","start":7584.31,"end":7584.87},{"text":"the","start":7584.87,"end":7584.99},{"text":"strictly","start":7585.11,"end":7585.83},{"text":"national","start":7585.99,"end":7586.71},{"text":"maritime","start":7586.79,"end":7587.59},{"text":"domain","start":7587.99,"end":7588.43},{"text":"and","start":7588.43,"end":7588.59},{"text":"which","start":7588.59,"end":7588.87},{"text":"could","start":7588.87,"end":7589.19},{"text":"impact","start":7589.19,"end":7589.91},{"text":"economic","start":7589.91,"end":7590.39},{"text":"stability","start":7590.39,"end":7591.11},{"text":"and","start":7591.19,"end":7591.79},{"text":"global","start":7591.83,"end":7592.31},{"text":"peace","start":7592.31,"end":7592.63},{"text":"and","start":7592.63,"end":7592.79},{"text":"security.","start":7592.79,"end":7593.59}]},{"text":"Referring once again to Article 39 of the United Nations Charter, Colombia calls upon the Security Council to take decisions in this regard to prevent risks to international security that unsupervised technological development poses, and, of course, while respecting the national ownership of those countries that develop those technologies.","start":7596.43,"end":7623.15,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"Referring","start":7596.43,"end":7596.79},{"text":"once","start":7596.79,"end":7597.03},{"text":"again","start":7597.03,"end":7597.27},{"text":"to","start":7597.27,"end":7597.43},{"text":"Article","start":7597.43,"end":7597.83},{"text":"39","start":7597.83,"end":7598.79},{"text":"of","start":7598.79,"end":7599.19},{"text":"the","start":7599.27,"end":7599.47},{"text":"United","start":7599.47,"end":7599.95},{"text":"Nations","start":7599.95,"end":7600.39},{"text":"Charter,","start":7600.39,"end":7600.95},{"text":"Colombia","start":7601.19,"end":7601.59},{"text":"calls","start":7601.59,"end":7601.91},{"text":"upon","start":7601.91,"end":7602.15},{"text":"the","start":7602.15,"end":7602.27},{"text":"Security","start":7602.27,"end":7602.75},{"text":"Council","start":7602.75,"end":7603.35},{"text":"to","start":7603.35,"end":7603.55},{"text":"take","start":7603.59,"end":7603.99},{"text":"decisions","start":7603.99,"end":7604.63},{"text":"in","start":7604.63,"end":7604.95},{"text":"this","start":7604.95,"end":7605.27},{"text":"regard","start":7605.27,"end":7605.83},{"text":"to","start":7606.07,"end":7606.27},{"text":"prevent","start":7606.47,"end":7607.35},{"text":"risks","start":7607.35,"end":7607.83},{"text":"to","start":7607.83,"end":7608.07},{"text":"international","start":7608.15,"end":7608.87},{"text":"security","start":7608.87,"end":7609.75},{"text":"that","start":7610.07,"end":7611.35},{"text":"unsupervised","start":7611.51,"end":7612.35},{"text":"technological","start":7612.35,"end":7612.95},{"text":"development","start":7612.95,"end":7613.59},{"text":"poses,","start":7613.59,"end":7614.31},{"text":"and,","start":7614.63,"end":7614.87},{"text":"of","start":7614.87,"end":7615.03},{"text":"course,","start":7615.03,"end":7615.51},{"text":"while","start":7616.03,"end":7616.39},{"text":"respecting","start":7616.39,"end":7617.19},{"text":"the","start":7617.51,"end":7617.63},{"text":"national","start":7617.63,"end":7618.07},{"text":"ownership","start":7618.07,"end":7618.71},{"text":"of","start":7619.55,"end":7619.71},{"text":"those","start":7619.79,"end":7620.35},{"text":"countries","start":7620.35,"end":7620.91},{"text":"that","start":7620.91,"end":7621.35},{"text":"develop","start":7621.35,"end":7621.87},{"text":"those","start":7622.03,"end":7622.35},{"text":"technologies.","start":7622.35,"end":7623.15}]},{"text":"Colombia underscores the importance of capacity building and maritime technology transfer to developing countries, and the opportunity to participate, to understand, and to apply these systems is also a form of building peace and stability in regions that are not developing those technologies.","start":7623.15,"end":7646.67,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."}],"words":[{"text":"Colombia","start":7623.15,"end":7623.63},{"text":"underscores","start":7623.63,"end":7624.35},{"text":"the","start":7624.35,"end":7624.47},{"text":"importance","start":7624.47,"end":7625.23},{"text":"of","start":7626.07,"end":7626.27},{"text":"capacity","start":7626.83,"end":7627.31},{"text":"building","start":7627.31,"end":7627.79},{"text":"and","start":7627.79,"end":7628.11},{"text":"maritime","start":7628.43,"end":7628.91},{"text":"technology","start":7628.91,"end":7629.47},{"text":"transfer","start":7629.47,"end":7630.15},{"text":"to","start":7630.27,"end":7630.43},{"text":"developing","start":7630.43,"end":7631.07},{"text":"countries,","start":7631.07,"end":7631.87},{"text":"and","start":7632.11,"end":7632.51},{"text":"the","start":7632.51,"end":7632.63},{"text":"opportunity","start":7632.63,"end":7633.39},{"text":"to","start":7633.39,"end":7633.63},{"text":"participate,","start":7633.71,"end":7634.95},{"text":"to","start":7634.95,"end":7635.07},{"text":"understand,","start":7635.07,"end":7636.03},{"text":"and","start":7636.03,"end":7636.31},{"text":"to","start":7636.31,"end":7636.59},{"text":"apply","start":7636.59,"end":7637.31},{"text":"these","start":7637.31,"end":7637.71},{"text":"systems","start":7637.71,"end":7638.35},{"text":"is","start":7638.75,"end":7638.99},{"text":"also","start":7638.99,"end":7639.55},{"text":"a","start":7639.55,"end":7639.63},{"text":"form","start":7639.63,"end":7640.11},{"text":"of","start":7640.11,"end":7640.59},{"text":"building","start":7641.07,"end":7641.55},{"text":"peace","start":7641.55,"end":7641.95},{"text":"and","start":7641.95,"end":7642.23},{"text":"stability","start":7642.23,"end":7643.07},{"text":"in","start":7643.23,"end":7643.71},{"text":"regions","start":7643.71,"end":7644.27},{"text":"that","start":7644.27,"end":7644.43},{"text":"are","start":7644.43,"end":7644.51},{"text":"not","start":7644.51,"end":7644.99},{"text":"developing","start":7645.07,"end":7645.71},{"text":"those","start":7645.71,"end":7645.91},{"text":"technologies.","start":7645.91,"end":7646.67}]},{"text":"Thank you very much, Mr. President.","start":7646.75,"end":7648.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7646.75,"end":7647.07},{"text":"you","start":7647.07,"end":7647.15},{"text":"very","start":7647.15,"end":7647.35},{"text":"much,","start":7647.35,"end":7647.63},{"text":"Mr.","start":7647.63,"end":7647.87},{"text":"President.","start":7647.87,"end":7648.35}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"COL","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Colombia"}},{"statement_number":30,"start":7649.35,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=2:07:30","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, and let me give the floor to the representative of Somalia.","start":7649.35,"end":7652.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7649.35,"end":7649.55},{"text":"you,","start":7649.55,"end":7649.67},{"text":"and","start":7649.67,"end":7649.79},{"text":"let","start":7649.79,"end":7650.03},{"text":"me","start":7650.03,"end":7650.15},{"text":"give","start":7650.15,"end":7650.43},{"text":"the","start":7650.47,"end":7650.55},{"text":"floor","start":7650.59,"end":7651.07},{"text":"to","start":7651.07,"end":7651.27},{"text":"the","start":7651.27,"end":7651.39},{"text":"representative","start":7651.39,"end":7652.27},{"text":"of","start":7652.27,"end":7652.35},{"text":"Somalia.","start":7652.35,"end":7652.83}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GRC","group":null,"function":"President of the Security Council; Prime Minister","affiliation_full":"Greece"}},{"statement_number":31,"start":7659.71,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=2:07:40","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. President, thank you.","start":7659.71,"end":7661.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":7659.71,"end":7659.99},{"text":"President,","start":7659.99,"end":7660.67},{"text":"thank","start":7660.67,"end":7660.99},{"text":"you.","start":7660.99,"end":7661.23}]},{"text":"We welcome you, Your Excellency Prime Minister, to the Security Council and express our appreciation to Greece for convening this timely high-level open debate.","start":7662.11,"end":7673.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7662.11,"end":7662.75},{"text":"welcome","start":7662.75,"end":7663.23},{"text":"you,","start":7663.23,"end":7663.47},{"text":"Your","start":7664.35,"end":7664.51},{"text":"Excellency","start":7664.51,"end":7664.99},{"text":"Prime","start":7664.99,"end":7665.23},{"text":"Minister,","start":7665.23,"end":7665.79},{"text":"to","start":7666.67,"end":7666.75},{"text":"the","start":7666.75,"end":7666.87},{"text":"Security","start":7666.87,"end":7667.31},{"text":"Council","start":7667.31,"end":7667.71},{"text":"and","start":7667.71,"end":7667.83},{"text":"express","start":7667.83,"end":7668.27},{"text":"our","start":7668.27,"end":7668.39},{"text":"appreciation","start":7668.39,"end":7669.31},{"text":"to","start":7669.79,"end":7669.95},{"text":"Greece","start":7669.95,"end":7670.51},{"text":"for","start":7670.67,"end":7670.91},{"text":"convening","start":7670.91,"end":7671.39},{"text":"this","start":7671.39,"end":7671.55},{"text":"timely","start":7671.55,"end":7672.19},{"text":"high-level","start":7672.51,"end":7673.11},{"text":"open","start":7673.11,"end":7673.35},{"text":"debate.","start":7673.35,"end":7673.87}]},{"text":"I also want to thank Mr. Courtney Rattray, Farid Zakaria and Mr. Mikael, thanks for the valuable insights and practical recommendations.","start":7675.15,"end":7686.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7675.15,"end":7675.23},{"text":"also","start":7675.23,"end":7675.55},{"text":"want","start":7675.55,"end":7675.75},{"text":"to","start":7675.75,"end":7675.83},{"text":"thank","start":7675.83,"end":7676.27},{"text":"Mr.","start":7676.67,"end":7677.15},{"text":"Courtney","start":7677.63,"end":7678.11},{"text":"Rattray,","start":7678.11,"end":7678.75},{"text":"Farid","start":7680.19,"end":7680.55},{"text":"Zakaria","start":7680.55,"end":7681.23},{"text":"and","start":7681.51,"end":7681.63},{"text":"Mr.","start":7681.63,"end":7681.87},{"text":"Mikael,","start":7681.87,"end":7682.43},{"text":"thanks","start":7682.87,"end":7683.55},{"text":"for","start":7683.63,"end":7683.79},{"text":"the","start":7683.79,"end":7683.87},{"text":"valuable","start":7683.87,"end":7684.39},{"text":"insights","start":7684.51,"end":7685.03},{"text":"and","start":7685.03,"end":7685.15},{"text":"practical","start":7685.15,"end":7685.59},{"text":"recommendations.","start":7685.59,"end":7686.39}]},{"text":"Mr. President, emerging technologies are changing the maritime domain in an extraordinary speed.","start":7687.47,"end":7694.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":7687.47,"end":7687.75},{"text":"President,","start":7687.75,"end":7688.35},{"text":"emerging","start":7689.19,"end":7689.63},{"text":"technologies","start":7689.63,"end":7690.43},{"text":"are","start":7690.43,"end":7690.59},{"text":"changing","start":7690.59,"end":7691.11},{"text":"the","start":7691.15,"end":7691.31},{"text":"maritime","start":7691.31,"end":7691.79},{"text":"domain","start":7691.79,"end":7692.27},{"text":"in","start":7692.67,"end":7692.79},{"text":"an","start":7692.79,"end":7692.91},{"text":"extraordinary","start":7692.91,"end":7694.31},{"text":"speed.","start":7694.31,"end":7694.67}]},{"text":"Artificial intelligence, autonomous and remotely operated systems, advanced sensing technology, and cyber capabilities offer important opportunities to improve maritime safety and security, yet their misuse can endanger seafarers, disrupt international shipping and critical infrastructure, deplete marine resources, and heighten risk to international peace and security.","start":7695.47,"end":7725.11,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."},{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."},{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."},{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"Artificial","start":7695.47,"end":7696.03},{"text":"intelligence,","start":7696.03,"end":7696.83},{"text":"autonomous","start":7697.23,"end":7697.95},{"text":"and","start":7697.95,"end":7698.15},{"text":"remotely","start":7698.15,"end":7698.59},{"text":"operated","start":7698.59,"end":7699.23},{"text":"systems,","start":7699.23,"end":7699.95},{"text":"advanced","start":7700.51,"end":7701.19},{"text":"sensing","start":7701.31,"end":7701.87},{"text":"technology,","start":7701.87,"end":7702.67},{"text":"and","start":7702.99,"end":7703.11},{"text":"cyber","start":7703.11,"end":7703.47},{"text":"capabilities","start":7703.47,"end":7704.43},{"text":"offer","start":7704.83,"end":7705.23},{"text":"important","start":7705.23,"end":7705.87},{"text":"opportunities","start":7705.87,"end":7706.59},{"text":"to","start":7706.59,"end":7706.75},{"text":"improve","start":7706.75,"end":7707.23},{"text":"maritime","start":7707.55,"end":7708.03},{"text":"safety","start":7708.03,"end":7708.67},{"text":"and","start":7709.15,"end":7709.27},{"text":"security,","start":7709.27,"end":7709.91},{"text":"yet","start":7711.99,"end":7712.39},{"text":"their","start":7712.63,"end":7712.87},{"text":"misuse","start":7712.87,"end":7713.51},{"text":"can","start":7713.51,"end":7713.83},{"text":"endanger","start":7713.83,"end":7714.39},{"text":"seafarers,","start":7714.39,"end":7715.19},{"text":"disrupt","start":7715.59,"end":7716.07},{"text":"international","start":7716.07,"end":7716.75},{"text":"shipping","start":7716.75,"end":7717.07},{"text":"and","start":7717.07,"end":7717.19},{"text":"critical","start":7717.59,"end":7718.07},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":7718.07,"end":7718.95},{"text":"deplete","start":7719.35,"end":7719.99},{"text":"marine","start":7720.55,"end":7721.11},{"text":"resources,","start":7721.11,"end":7721.83},{"text":"and","start":7722.19,"end":7722.31},{"text":"heighten","start":7722.31,"end":7722.71},{"text":"risk","start":7722.71,"end":7723.19},{"text":"to","start":7723.43,"end":7723.59},{"text":"international","start":7723.59,"end":7724.15},{"text":"peace","start":7724.15,"end":7724.43},{"text":"and","start":7724.43,"end":7724.55},{"text":"security.","start":7724.55,"end":7725.11}]},{"text":"We would like to emphasize four points.","start":7726.39,"end":7728.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7726.39,"end":7726.51},{"text":"would","start":7726.51,"end":7726.63},{"text":"like","start":7726.63,"end":7726.87},{"text":"to","start":7726.87,"end":7726.99},{"text":"emphasize","start":7726.99,"end":7727.51},{"text":"four","start":7727.51,"end":7727.67},{"text":"points.","start":7727.67,"end":7728.23}]},{"text":"Mr. President, first, international law must remain the foundation of maritime security.","start":7728.95,"end":7735.03,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":7728.95,"end":7729.23},{"text":"President,","start":7729.23,"end":7729.75},{"text":"first,","start":7729.75,"end":7730.23},{"text":"international","start":7730.87,"end":7731.87},{"text":"law","start":7731.87,"end":7731.95},{"text":"must","start":7732.15,"end":7732.47},{"text":"remain","start":7732.47,"end":7732.79},{"text":"the","start":7732.79,"end":7732.87},{"text":"foundation","start":7732.87,"end":7733.59},{"text":"of","start":7733.83,"end":7733.99},{"text":"maritime","start":7733.99,"end":7734.47},{"text":"security.","start":7734.47,"end":7735.03}]},{"text":"The Charter of United Nations and United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea provide the legal framework for activities in the oceans and seas.","start":7736.11,"end":7745.07,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. 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Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"New","start":7755.11,"end":7755.35},{"text":"technologies","start":7755.35,"end":7756.07},{"text":"do","start":7756.07,"end":7756.23},{"text":"not","start":7756.23,"end":7756.39},{"text":"diminish","start":7756.39,"end":7756.95},{"text":"existing","start":7756.95,"end":7757.55},{"text":"obligations,","start":7757.55,"end":7758.39},{"text":"nor","start":7758.71,"end":7758.95},{"text":"do","start":7758.95,"end":7759.07},{"text":"they","start":7759.07,"end":7759.19},{"text":"remove","start":7759.19,"end":7759.75},{"text":"human","start":7760.07,"end":7760.39},{"text":"responsibilities.","start":7760.39,"end":7761.43}]},{"text":"Their development and use must be guided by accountability, appropriate safeguards, and effective human oversight.","start":7762.31,"end":7770.03,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"Their","start":7762.31,"end":7762.43},{"text":"development","start":7762.43,"end":7763.23},{"text":"and","start":7763.39,"end":7763.55},{"text":"use","start":7763.55,"end":7764.03},{"text":"must","start":7764.27,"end":7764.59},{"text":"be","start":7764.59,"end":7764.67},{"text":"guided","start":7764.67,"end":7765.15},{"text":"by","start":7765.31,"end":7765.47},{"text":"accountability,","start":7765.47,"end":7766.35},{"text":"appropriate","start":7766.67,"end":7767.31},{"text":"safeguards,","start":7767.31,"end":7768.03},{"text":"and","start":7768.35,"end":7768.51},{"text":"effective","start":7768.51,"end":7768.99},{"text":"human","start":7768.99,"end":7769.31},{"text":"oversight.","start":7769.31,"end":7770.03}]},{"text":"Second, we must strengthen the resilience of ships, ports, and maritime infrastructures.","start":7770.83,"end":7777.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":7770.83,"end":7771.23},{"text":"we","start":7772.03,"end":7772.19},{"text":"must","start":7772.19,"end":7772.43},{"text":"strengthen","start":7772.43,"end":7773.07},{"text":"the","start":7773.07,"end":7773.23},{"text":"resilience","start":7773.23,"end":7773.87},{"text":"of","start":7773.87,"end":7773.95},{"text":"ships,","start":7773.95,"end":7774.59},{"text":"ports,","start":7774.99,"end":7775.63},{"text":"and","start":7775.91,"end":7776.03},{"text":"maritime","start":7776.03,"end":7776.51},{"text":"infrastructures.","start":7776.51,"end":7777.55}]},{"text":"Increasing digitalization and connectivity have improved efficiency, but they have also created new vulnerabilities.","start":7778.67,"end":7786.51,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"Increasing","start":7778.67,"end":7779.27},{"text":"digitalization","start":7779.31,"end":7780.99},{"text":"and","start":7780.99,"end":7781.11},{"text":"connectivity","start":7781.15,"end":7781.95},{"text":"have","start":7781.95,"end":7782.19},{"text":"improved","start":7782.19,"end":7782.67},{"text":"efficiency,","start":7782.67,"end":7783.31},{"text":"but","start":7783.71,"end":7783.83},{"text":"they","start":7783.83,"end":7783.91},{"text":"have","start":7783.91,"end":7784.11},{"text":"also","start":7784.11,"end":7784.43},{"text":"created","start":7784.43,"end":7785.07},{"text":"new","start":7785.31,"end":7785.55},{"text":"vulnerabilities.","start":7785.55,"end":7786.51}]},{"text":"Cyber attacks, data manipulation, and interference with navigation and communication systems can cause serious disruption without physical attack.","start":7787.95,"end":7797.87,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"Cyber","start":7787.95,"end":7788.19},{"text":"attacks,","start":7788.19,"end":7788.83},{"text":"data","start":7788.99,"end":7789.39},{"text":"manipulation,","start":7789.39,"end":7790.19},{"text":"and","start":7790.19,"end":7790.31},{"text":"interference","start":7790.31,"end":7791.15},{"text":"with","start":7791.31,"end":7791.55},{"text":"navigation","start":7791.55,"end":7792.35},{"text":"and","start":7792.35,"end":7792.47},{"text":"communication","start":7792.47,"end":7793.11},{"text":"systems","start":7793.11,"end":7793.63},{"text":"can","start":7794.11,"end":7794.27},{"text":"cause","start":7794.27,"end":7794.63},{"text":"serious","start":7794.63,"end":7795.19},{"text":"disruption","start":7795.19,"end":7795.87},{"text":"without","start":7796.11,"end":7796.75},{"text":"physical","start":7796.91,"end":7797.39},{"text":"attack.","start":7797.39,"end":7797.87}]},{"text":"States, international organizations, and industry should cooperate to improve cybersecurity, share threat information, conduct risk assessments, and develop contingency plans that allow essential maritime operations to continue during a crisis.","start":7798.83,"end":7816.99,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."},{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"States,","start":7798.83,"end":7799.55},{"text":"international","start":7799.79,"end":7800.31},{"text":"organizations,","start":7800.31,"end":7801.15},{"text":"and","start":7801.63,"end":7801.79},{"text":"industry","start":7801.79,"end":7802.43},{"text":"should","start":7802.91,"end":7803.23},{"text":"cooperate","start":7803.23,"end":7803.91},{"text":"to","start":7803.91,"end":7803.99},{"text":"improve","start":7803.99,"end":7804.51},{"text":"cybersecurity,","start":7804.51,"end":7805.55},{"text":"share","start":7805.79,"end":7806.11},{"text":"threat","start":7806.11,"end":7806.43},{"text":"information,","start":7806.43,"end":7807.15},{"text":"conduct","start":7807.47,"end":7808.11},{"text":"risk","start":7808.43,"end":7808.75},{"text":"assessments,","start":7808.75,"end":7809.55},{"text":"and","start":7809.79,"end":7809.95},{"text":"develop","start":7809.95,"end":7810.27},{"text":"contingency","start":7810.27,"end":7810.95},{"text":"plans","start":7810.95,"end":7811.47},{"text":"that","start":7811.79,"end":7812.03},{"text":"allow","start":7812.03,"end":7812.51},{"text":"essential","start":7812.51,"end":7813.23},{"text":"maritime","start":7813.55,"end":7814.11},{"text":"operations","start":7814.11,"end":7814.67},{"text":"to","start":7814.67,"end":7814.79},{"text":"continue","start":7814.79,"end":7815.47},{"text":"during","start":7815.79,"end":7816.19},{"text":"a","start":7816.19,"end":7816.23},{"text":"crisis.","start":7816.23,"end":7816.99}]},{"text":"Third, emerging technologies should be harnessed for prevention and preparedness.","start":7817.79,"end":7824.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":7817.79,"end":7818.27},{"text":"emerging","start":7819.23,"end":7819.63},{"text":"technologies","start":7819.63,"end":7820.27},{"text":"should","start":7820.27,"end":7820.75},{"text":"be","start":7820.75,"end":7820.91},{"text":"harnessed","start":7820.91,"end":7821.55},{"text":"for","start":7822.43,"end":7822.59},{"text":"prevention","start":7822.59,"end":7823.39},{"text":"and","start":7823.39,"end":7823.55},{"text":"preparedness.","start":7823.55,"end":7824.51}]},{"text":"Artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, remote sensing, and advanced surveillance can strengthen maritime domain awareness, support the detection of suspicious activity, and enable faster, better informed decisions.","start":7824.99,"end":7840.59,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."}],"words":[{"text":"Artificial","start":7824.99,"end":7825.55},{"text":"intelligence,","start":7825.55,"end":7826.35},{"text":"satellite","start":7826.75,"end":7827.39},{"text":"imagery,","start":7827.39,"end":7828.11},{"text":"remote","start":7828.59,"end":7828.99},{"text":"sensing,","start":7828.99,"end":7829.55},{"text":"and","start":7829.87,"end":7830.07},{"text":"advanced","start":7830.07,"end":7830.47},{"text":"surveillance","start":7830.47,"end":7830.99},{"text":"can","start":7830.99,"end":7831.23},{"text":"strengthen","start":7831.23,"end":7831.79},{"text":"maritime","start":7831.79,"end":7832.27},{"text":"domain","start":7832.27,"end":7832.83},{"text":"awareness,","start":7833.15,"end":7834.03},{"text":"support","start":7834.51,"end":7835.03},{"text":"the","start":7835.03,"end":7835.15},{"text":"detection","start":7835.15,"end":7835.71},{"text":"of","start":7835.71,"end":7835.87},{"text":"suspicious","start":7835.87,"end":7836.43},{"text":"activity,","start":7836.43,"end":7837.07},{"text":"and","start":7837.47,"end":7837.67},{"text":"enable","start":7837.67,"end":7838.27},{"text":"faster,","start":7838.43,"end":7839.15},{"text":"better","start":7839.23,"end":7839.55},{"text":"informed","start":7839.55,"end":7840.03},{"text":"decisions.","start":7840.03,"end":7840.59}]},{"text":"These tools can also improve search and rescue operations and help protect shipping, seafarers, and marine resources coastal communities depend.","start":7842.51,"end":7852.67,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."},{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":7842.51,"end":7842.63},{"text":"tools","start":7842.63,"end":7843.07},{"text":"can","start":7843.07,"end":7843.31},{"text":"also","start":7843.31,"end":7843.55},{"text":"improve","start":7843.55,"end":7844.11},{"text":"search","start":7844.59,"end":7845.07},{"text":"and","start":7845.07,"end":7845.27},{"text":"rescue","start":7845.27,"end":7845.63},{"text":"operations","start":7845.63,"end":7846.43},{"text":"and","start":7846.83,"end":7846.99},{"text":"help","start":7846.99,"end":7847.27},{"text":"protect","start":7847.27,"end":7847.79},{"text":"shipping,","start":7847.79,"end":7848.27},{"text":"seafarers,","start":7848.59,"end":7849.47},{"text":"and","start":7849.47,"end":7849.71},{"text":"marine","start":7849.71,"end":7850.03},{"text":"resources","start":7850.07,"end":7850.83},{"text":"coastal","start":7851.15,"end":7851.55},{"text":"communities","start":7851.55,"end":7852.11},{"text":"depend.","start":7852.11,"end":7852.67}]},{"text":"Their use must be supported by reliable data, secure systems, and safeguards against manipulation, error, and unintended escalation.","start":7854.43,"end":7863.63,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"Their","start":7854.43,"end":7854.75},{"text":"use","start":7854.75,"end":7854.99},{"text":"must","start":7854.99,"end":7855.27},{"text":"be","start":7855.27,"end":7855.39},{"text":"supported","start":7855.39,"end":7855.91},{"text":"by","start":7855.91,"end":7856.11},{"text":"reliable","start":7856.11,"end":7856.67},{"text":"data,","start":7856.67,"end":7857.07},{"text":"secure","start":7857.63,"end":7858.11},{"text":"systems,","start":7858.11,"end":7858.75},{"text":"and","start":7858.75,"end":7858.91},{"text":"safeguards","start":7858.91,"end":7859.63},{"text":"against","start":7860.03,"end":7860.43},{"text":"manipulation,","start":7860.43,"end":7861.31},{"text":"error,","start":7861.63,"end":7862.03},{"text":"and","start":7862.19,"end":7862.39},{"text":"unintended","start":7862.39,"end":7862.99},{"text":"escalation.","start":7862.99,"end":7863.63}]},{"text":"Fourth, international cooperation and capacity building.","start":7864.35,"end":7867.83,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."},{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."}],"words":[{"text":"Fourth,","start":7864.35,"end":7864.83},{"text":"international","start":7865.47,"end":7866.15},{"text":"cooperation","start":7866.15,"end":7866.67},{"text":"and","start":7866.67,"end":7866.79},{"text":"capacity","start":7866.83,"end":7867.39},{"text":"building.","start":7867.39,"end":7867.83}]},{"text":"must guide in dealing with the usage of these new technologies.","start":7868.59,"end":7872.23,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"must","start":7868.59,"end":7868.79},{"text":"guide","start":7868.79,"end":7869.27},{"text":"in","start":7869.27,"end":7869.43},{"text":"dealing","start":7869.43,"end":7869.91},{"text":"with","start":7869.91,"end":7870.11},{"text":"the","start":7870.11,"end":7870.19},{"text":"usage","start":7870.23,"end":7870.71},{"text":"of","start":7870.71,"end":7870.79},{"text":"these","start":7870.79,"end":7871.03},{"text":"new","start":7871.11,"end":7871.35},{"text":"technologies.","start":7871.35,"end":7872.23}]},{"text":"Technological progress must not widen existing disparities, including further exacerbating and depletion of marine resources depended by coastal communities.","start":7873.35,"end":7885.75,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."}],"words":[{"text":"Technological","start":7873.35,"end":7874.07},{"text":"progress","start":7874.07,"end":7874.63},{"text":"must","start":7874.87,"end":7875.23},{"text":"not","start":7875.23,"end":7875.43},{"text":"widen","start":7875.43,"end":7875.99},{"text":"existing","start":7876.39,"end":7876.99},{"text":"disparities,","start":7876.99,"end":7877.75},{"text":"including","start":7878.07,"end":7878.59},{"text":"further","start":7878.59,"end":7878.99},{"text":"exacerbating","start":7878.99,"end":7879.91},{"text":"and","start":7880.23,"end":7880.43},{"text":"depletion","start":7880.43,"end":7881.03},{"text":"of","start":7881.03,"end":7881.27},{"text":"marine","start":7881.27,"end":7881.59},{"text":"resources","start":7881.59,"end":7882.31},{"text":"depended","start":7882.95,"end":7883.51},{"text":"by","start":7884.07,"end":7884.39},{"text":"coastal","start":7884.47,"end":7884.95},{"text":"communities.","start":7884.95,"end":7885.75}]},{"text":"Developing countries, including small island developing states, should have a meaningful access to training, expertise, and technologies suited to their needs.","start":7886.87,"end":7896.47,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."}],"words":[{"text":"Developing","start":7886.87,"end":7887.43},{"text":"countries,","start":7887.43,"end":7887.99},{"text":"including","start":7887.99,"end":7888.55},{"text":"small","start":7888.55,"end":7888.95},{"text":"island","start":7888.95,"end":7889.39},{"text":"developing","start":7889.39,"end":7889.83},{"text":"states,","start":7889.83,"end":7890.47},{"text":"should","start":7890.71,"end":7890.95},{"text":"have","start":7890.95,"end":7891.19},{"text":"a","start":7891.19,"end":7891.23},{"text":"meaningful","start":7891.23,"end":7891.75},{"text":"access","start":7891.75,"end":7892.15},{"text":"to","start":7892.15,"end":7892.31},{"text":"training,","start":7892.35,"end":7892.87},{"text":"expertise,","start":7893.27,"end":7894.11},{"text":"and","start":7894.11,"end":7894.27},{"text":"technologies","start":7894.27,"end":7894.95},{"text":"suited","start":7895.35,"end":7895.83},{"text":"to","start":7895.83,"end":7895.99},{"text":"their","start":7895.99,"end":7896.15},{"text":"needs.","start":7896.15,"end":7896.47}]},{"text":"The advancement of these new technologies must also help these developing littoral states fight the illegal, unregulated, and unreported fishing rather than contribute to their acceleration.","start":7898.07,"end":7910.87,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."},{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7898.07,"end":7898.11},{"text":"advancement","start":7898.15,"end":7898.95},{"text":"of","start":7899.11,"end":7899.27},{"text":"these","start":7899.27,"end":7899.59},{"text":"new","start":7899.59,"end":7899.83},{"text":"technologies","start":7899.83,"end":7900.47},{"text":"must","start":7900.47,"end":7900.75},{"text":"also","start":7900.75,"end":7901.03},{"text":"help","start":7901.03,"end":7901.35},{"text":"these","start":7901.91,"end":7902.15},{"text":"developing","start":7902.15,"end":7902.67},{"text":"littoral","start":7902.79,"end":7903.27},{"text":"states","start":7903.27,"end":7903.75},{"text":"fight","start":7903.75,"end":7904.15},{"text":"the","start":7904.31,"end":7904.47},{"text":"illegal,","start":7904.47,"end":7905.11},{"text":"unregulated,","start":7905.59,"end":7906.43},{"text":"and","start":7906.71,"end":7906.91},{"text":"unreported","start":7906.91,"end":7907.59},{"text":"fishing","start":7907.59,"end":7908.07},{"text":"rather","start":7908.47,"end":7908.79},{"text":"than","start":7908.79,"end":7908.95},{"text":"contribute","start":7908.95,"end":7909.59},{"text":"to","start":7909.83,"end":7909.95},{"text":"their","start":7909.95,"end":7910.11},{"text":"acceleration.","start":7910.11,"end":7910.87}]},{"text":"Furthermore, the International Maritime Organization has a central role in developing global shipping standards, including through its work on maritime autonomous surface ships.","start":7911.83,"end":7924.31,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. 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this context, attention should be given to research which is being conducted by the scientific panel on AI, an effective and inclusive platform possessing a certain amount of groundwork on AI in the military domain, where relevant dialogue is possible, in our view, is represented by the UN Committee on Disarmament, as well as the Group of Governmental Experts and the Convention on Inhumane Weapons on Lethal Autonomous Weapons 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to possible governance of military AI, our position remains unchanged.","start":8170.43,"end":8176.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Turning","start":8170.43,"end":8170.79},{"text":"to","start":8170.79,"end":8170.95},{"text":"possible","start":8170.95,"end":8171.51},{"text":"governance","start":8171.51,"end":8172.23},{"text":"of","start":8172.35,"end":8172.55},{"text":"military","start":8172.79,"end":8173.59},{"text":"AI,","start":8173.75,"end":8173.91},{"text":"our","start":8173.91,"end":8174.07},{"text":"position","start":8174.07,"end":8174.51},{"text":"remains","start":8174.51,"end":8174.87},{"text":"unchanged.","start":8174.87,"end":8176.15}]},{"text":"We proceed from the premise of the full applicability of international law, including international humanitarian law, vis-à-vis military capabilities and the use of AI.","start":8176.63,"end":8185.19,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers 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Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8176.63,"end":8176.87},{"text":"proceed","start":8176.87,"end":8177.15},{"text":"from","start":8177.15,"end":8177.31},{"text":"the","start":8177.31,"end":8177.43},{"text":"premise","start":8177.43,"end":8177.79},{"text":"of","start":8177.79,"end":8177.87},{"text":"the","start":8177.87,"end":8177.99},{"text":"full","start":8177.99,"end":8178.31},{"text":"applicability","start":8178.31,"end":8179.03},{"text":"of","start":8179.03,"end":8179.11},{"text":"international","start":8179.11,"end":8180.07},{"text":"law,","start":8180.07,"end":8180.15},{"text":"including","start":8180.31,"end":8180.75},{"text":"international","start":8180.75,"end":8181.27},{"text":"humanitarian","start":8181.27,"end":8181.83},{"text":"law,","start":8181.83,"end":8182.31},{"text":"vis-à-vis","start":8182.63,"end":8183.19},{"text":"military","start":8183.19,"end":8183.59},{"text":"capabilities","start":8183.59,"end":8184.15},{"text":"and","start":8184.15,"end":8184.27},{"text":"the","start":8184.27,"end":8184.35},{"text":"use","start":8184.35,"end":8184.51},{"text":"of","start":8184.51,"end":8184.63},{"text":"AI.","start":8184.79,"end":8185.19}]},{"text":"We see no persuasive justification for the conduct of preventive additional limitations and prohibitions vis-à-vis the above-mentioned capabilities.","start":8185.19,"end":8194.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8185.19,"end":8185.43},{"text":"see","start":8185.43,"end":8185.59},{"text":"no","start":8185.59,"end":8185.75},{"text":"persuasive","start":8185.75,"end":8186.47},{"text":"justification","start":8186.47,"end":8187.31},{"text":"for","start":8187.31,"end":8187.43},{"text":"the","start":8187.43,"end":8187.51},{"text":"conduct","start":8187.51,"end":8188.07},{"text":"of","start":8188.11,"end":8188.23},{"text":"preventive","start":8188.23,"end":8188.79},{"text":"additional","start":8188.79,"end":8189.67},{"text":"limitations","start":8189.67,"end":8190.27},{"text":"and","start":8190.27,"end":8190.39},{"text":"prohibitions","start":8190.39,"end":8191.19},{"text":"vis-à-vis","start":8191.59,"end":8192.07},{"text":"the","start":8192.07,"end":8192.19},{"text":"above-mentioned","start":8192.19,"end":8192.95},{"text":"capabilities.","start":8192.95,"end":8194.07}]},{"text":"In the context of the proposed premise about the impact of new technologies, including on maritime safety, security, navigation, protection of port infrastructure, providing for safety of seafarers, as well as rapid growth in the use of uncrewed vessels.","start":8194.47,"end":8210.83,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."},{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."},{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8194.47,"end":8194.67},{"text":"the","start":8194.67,"end":8194.79},{"text":"context","start":8194.79,"end":8195.35},{"text":"of","start":8195.35,"end":8195.51},{"text":"the","start":8195.51,"end":8195.59},{"text":"proposed","start":8195.59,"end":8196.07},{"text":"premise","start":8196.07,"end":8196.35},{"text":"about","start":8196.35,"end":8196.55},{"text":"the","start":8196.55,"end":8196.67},{"text":"impact","start":8196.71,"end":8197.35},{"text":"of","start":8197.35,"end":8197.43},{"text":"new","start":8197.43,"end":8197.51},{"text":"technologies,","start":8197.51,"end":8198.15},{"text":"including","start":8198.15,"end":8198.63},{"text":"on","start":8198.63,"end":8198.71},{"text":"maritime","start":8198.71,"end":8199.27},{"text":"safety,","start":8199.87,"end":8200.19},{"text":"security,","start":8200.19,"end":8200.91},{"text":"navigation,","start":8200.91,"end":8201.63},{"text":"protection","start":8201.63,"end":8202.07},{"text":"of","start":8202.07,"end":8202.19},{"text":"port","start":8202.19,"end":8202.67},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":8202.67,"end":8203.63},{"text":"providing","start":8203.79,"end":8204.27},{"text":"for","start":8204.27,"end":8204.43},{"text":"safety","start":8204.43,"end":8204.91},{"text":"of","start":8204.91,"end":8205.07},{"text":"seafarers,","start":8205.07,"end":8205.95},{"text":"as","start":8205.95,"end":8206.11},{"text":"well","start":8206.11,"end":8206.23},{"text":"as","start":8206.23,"end":8206.35},{"text":"rapid","start":8206.67,"end":8207.39},{"text":"growth","start":8207.79,"end":8208.35},{"text":"in","start":8208.35,"end":8208.59},{"text":"the","start":8208.59,"end":8208.75},{"text":"use","start":8208.75,"end":8209.07},{"text":"of","start":8209.11,"end":8209.31},{"text":"uncrewed","start":8209.31,"end":8210.19},{"text":"vessels.","start":8210.19,"end":8210.83}]},{"text":"We wish to draw attention to the fact that even the concept note itself for today's debate notes that leadership here lies with the International Maritime Organization.","start":8211.07,"end":8222.79,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8211.07,"end":8211.19},{"text":"wish","start":8211.19,"end":8211.35},{"text":"to","start":8211.35,"end":8211.43},{"text":"draw","start":8211.43,"end":8211.55},{"text":"attention","start":8211.55,"end":8211.95},{"text":"to","start":8211.95,"end":8212.07},{"text":"the","start":8212.07,"end":8212.19},{"text":"fact","start":8212.19,"end":8212.39},{"text":"that","start":8212.39,"end":8212.59},{"text":"even","start":8212.59,"end":8212.83},{"text":"the","start":8212.83,"end":8212.95},{"text":"concept","start":8212.95,"end":8213.31},{"text":"note","start":8213.31,"end":8213.51},{"text":"itself","start":8213.51,"end":8214.07},{"text":"for","start":8214.07,"end":8214.27},{"text":"today's","start":8214.27,"end":8214.75},{"text":"debate","start":8215.39,"end":8216.11},{"text":"notes","start":8216.11,"end":8216.59},{"text":"that","start":8216.59,"end":8216.91},{"text":"leadership","start":8216.99,"end":8217.87},{"text":"here","start":8218.67,"end":8219.23},{"text":"lies","start":8219.91,"end":8220.27},{"text":"with","start":8220.27,"end":8220.43},{"text":"the","start":8220.43,"end":8220.51},{"text":"International","start":8220.51,"end":8221.19},{"text":"Maritime","start":8221.19,"end":8221.83},{"text":"Organization.","start":8221.83,"end":8222.79}]},{"text":"Furthermore, we are surprised at the fact that the focus proposed by the organizer for the discussion in the context of maritime security and safety, for some reason, once again, in this, matters have vanished, matters pertaining to real and serious threats to stability of maritime navigation, which pose a genuine direct threat to international safety and security.","start":8223.03,"end":8245.19,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. 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Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."},{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8250.23,"end":8250.39},{"text":"are","start":8250.39,"end":8250.47},{"text":"talking","start":8250.47,"end":8250.83},{"text":"about","start":8250.83,"end":8251.03},{"text":"the","start":8251.03,"end":8251.11},{"text":"operations","start":8251.11,"end":8251.83},{"text":"of","start":8251.87,"end":8251.99},{"text":"European","start":8251.99,"end":8252.47},{"text":"21st","start":8252.47,"end":8253.19},{"text":"century","start":8253.19,"end":8253.91},{"text":"pirates","start":8254.07,"end":8254.63},{"text":"who","start":8254.63,"end":8254.71},{"text":"are","start":8254.71,"end":8254.87},{"text":"openly","start":8254.87,"end":8255.43},{"text":"intercepting","start":8255.43,"end":8256.79},{"text":"and","start":8257.35,"end":8257.75},{"text":"seizing","start":8257.75,"end":8258.15},{"text":"vessels","start":8258.15,"end":8258.63},{"text":"in","start":8258.63,"end":8258.71},{"text":"the","start":8258.71,"end":8259.03},{"text":"world's","start":8259.03,"end":8259.47},{"text":"oceans,","start":8259.47,"end":8259.91},{"text":"thereby","start":8260.71,"end":8261.35},{"text":"egregiously","start":8261.35,"end":8262.31},{"text":"violating","start":8262.39,"end":8263.15},{"text":"the","start":8263.15,"end":8263.23},{"text":"1982","start":8263.23,"end":8264.31},{"text":"UN","start":8264.63,"end":8264.83},{"text":"Convention","start":8264.83,"end":8265.23},{"text":"on","start":8265.23,"end":8265.31},{"text":"Law","start":8265.31,"end":8265.39},{"text":"of","start":8265.39,"end":8265.47},{"text":"the","start":8265.47,"end":8265.55},{"text":"Sea,","start":8265.55,"end":8266.19},{"text":"which","start":8266.27,"end":8266.55},{"text":"guarantees","start":8266.55,"end":8267.11},{"text":"freedom","start":8267.11,"end":8267.39},{"text":"of","start":8267.39,"end":8267.47},{"text":"navigation","start":8267.47,"end":8267.99},{"text":"and","start":8267.99,"end":8268.11},{"text":"the","start":8268.11,"end":8268.19},{"text":"right","start":8268.19,"end":8268.35},{"text":"to","start":8268.35,"end":8268.43},{"text":"peaceful","start":8268.47,"end":8268.99},{"text":"and","start":8268.99,"end":8269.15},{"text":"transit","start":8269.15,"end":8269.59},{"text":"passage.","start":8269.59,"end":8270.23}]},{"text":"Such utterly reckless actions undermine stability and predictability in supply chains, posing grave threats to global trade.","start":8270.55,"end":8278.79,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":8270.55,"end":8271.03},{"text":"utterly","start":8271.11,"end":8271.75},{"text":"reckless","start":8271.91,"end":8272.71},{"text":"actions","start":8272.71,"end":8273.51},{"text":"undermine","start":8273.51,"end":8274.15},{"text":"stability","start":8274.15,"end":8274.95},{"text":"and","start":8275.23,"end":8275.35},{"text":"predictability","start":8275.35,"end":8276.03},{"text":"in","start":8276.03,"end":8276.15},{"text":"supply","start":8276.15,"end":8276.47},{"text":"chains,","start":8276.47,"end":8276.83},{"text":"posing","start":8276.83,"end":8277.19},{"text":"grave","start":8277.19,"end":8277.51},{"text":"threats","start":8277.51,"end":8277.83},{"text":"to","start":8277.83,"end":8277.95},{"text":"global","start":8277.95,"end":8278.31},{"text":"trade.","start":8278.31,"end":8278.79}]},{"text":"the lion's share of which is done through using the seas and disproportionately affects the interests of the most vulnerable states.","start":8279.63,"end":8287.71,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"the","start":8279.63,"end":8279.83},{"text":"lion's","start":8280.51,"end":8280.95},{"text":"share","start":8280.95,"end":8281.27},{"text":"of","start":8281.27,"end":8281.39},{"text":"which","start":8281.39,"end":8281.87},{"text":"is","start":8282.11,"end":8282.51},{"text":"done","start":8282.59,"end":8282.99},{"text":"through","start":8283.23,"end":8283.43},{"text":"using","start":8283.43,"end":8283.91},{"text":"the","start":8283.91,"end":8283.99},{"text":"seas","start":8283.99,"end":8284.35},{"text":"and","start":8284.35,"end":8284.47},{"text":"disproportionately","start":8284.47,"end":8285.35},{"text":"affects","start":8285.35,"end":8285.67},{"text":"the","start":8285.67,"end":8285.75},{"text":"interests","start":8285.75,"end":8286.15},{"text":"of","start":8286.15,"end":8286.23},{"text":"the","start":8286.23,"end":8286.35},{"text":"most","start":8286.35,"end":8286.59},{"text":"vulnerable","start":8286.59,"end":8287.15},{"text":"states.","start":8287.15,"end":8287.71}]},{"text":"At the same time, they are cloaking their lawless acts with references to certain international sanctions.","start":8288.83,"end":8296.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":8288.83,"end":8288.95},{"text":"the","start":8288.95,"end":8289.03},{"text":"same","start":8289.07,"end":8289.39},{"text":"time,","start":8289.39,"end":8290.11},{"text":"they","start":8290.27,"end":8290.83},{"text":"are","start":8291.23,"end":8291.47},{"text":"cloaking","start":8291.47,"end":8291.99},{"text":"their","start":8291.99,"end":8292.11},{"text":"lawless","start":8292.11,"end":8292.59},{"text":"acts","start":8292.59,"end":8293.07},{"text":"with","start":8293.07,"end":8293.47},{"text":"references","start":8293.47,"end":8294.03},{"text":"to","start":8294.03,"end":8294.35},{"text":"certain","start":8294.35,"end":8294.99},{"text":"international","start":8295.15,"end":8295.95},{"text":"sanctions.","start":8295.95,"end":8296.43}]},{"text":"Effectively, these are unilateral coercive measures.","start":8296.43,"end":8299.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Effectively,","start":8296.43,"end":8297.07},{"text":"these","start":8297.07,"end":8297.31},{"text":"are","start":8297.31,"end":8297.47},{"text":"unilateral","start":8297.47,"end":8298.11},{"text":"coercive","start":8298.11,"end":8298.51},{"text":"measures.","start":8298.51,"end":8299.15}]},{"text":"These are unlawful a priori, and the imposition runs counter to international law.","start":8299.71,"end":8306.35,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":8299.71,"end":8300.19},{"text":"are","start":8300.27,"end":8300.67},{"text":"unlawful","start":8301.03,"end":8301.55},{"text":"a","start":8301.55,"end":8301.63},{"text":"priori,","start":8301.63,"end":8302.27},{"text":"and","start":8302.27,"end":8302.51},{"text":"the","start":8303.15,"end":8303.31},{"text":"imposition","start":8303.31,"end":8304.19},{"text":"runs","start":8304.19,"end":8304.43},{"text":"counter","start":8304.43,"end":8305.07},{"text":"to","start":8305.47,"end":8305.63},{"text":"international","start":8305.67,"end":8306.23},{"text":"law.","start":8306.23,"end":8306.35}]},{"text":"Nevertheless, this fact is not preventing from EU countries who are imposing them from referring to attempts to circumvent such utterly illegal measures to pin labels on vessels relating to affiliation with such a so-called shadow fleet.","start":8306.35,"end":8323.55,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."}],"words":[{"text":"Nevertheless,","start":8306.35,"end":8307.03},{"text":"this","start":8307.03,"end":8307.23},{"text":"fact","start":8307.23,"end":8307.47},{"text":"is","start":8307.47,"end":8307.55},{"text":"not","start":8307.55,"end":8307.75},{"text":"preventing","start":8307.75,"end":8308.35},{"text":"from","start":8308.35,"end":8308.59},{"text":"EU","start":8308.83,"end":8309.23},{"text":"countries","start":8309.35,"end":8309.83},{"text":"who","start":8309.83,"end":8309.95},{"text":"are","start":8309.95,"end":8310.27},{"text":"imposing","start":8310.27,"end":8310.91},{"text":"them","start":8310.91,"end":8311.15},{"text":"from","start":8311.15,"end":8311.31},{"text":"referring","start":8311.31,"end":8311.79},{"text":"to","start":8311.79,"end":8311.95},{"text":"attempts","start":8311.95,"end":8312.35},{"text":"to","start":8312.35,"end":8312.59},{"text":"circumvent","start":8312.67,"end":8313.31},{"text":"such","start":8313.31,"end":8313.63},{"text":"utterly","start":8313.63,"end":8314.19},{"text":"illegal","start":8314.19,"end":8314.67},{"text":"measures","start":8314.67,"end":8315.07},{"text":"to","start":8315.07,"end":8315.47},{"text":"pin","start":8315.95,"end":8316.75},{"text":"labels","start":8316.99,"end":8317.79},{"text":"on","start":8317.79,"end":8318.03},{"text":"vessels","start":8318.03,"end":8318.67},{"text":"relating","start":8319.39,"end":8319.91},{"text":"to","start":8319.91,"end":8320.07},{"text":"affiliation","start":8320.07,"end":8320.83},{"text":"with","start":8321.07,"end":8321.35},{"text":"such","start":8321.35,"end":8321.59},{"text":"a","start":8321.59,"end":8321.63},{"text":"so-called","start":8321.63,"end":8322.51},{"text":"shadow","start":8322.51,"end":8322.91},{"text":"fleet.","start":8322.91,"end":8323.55}]},{"text":"This term has no legal status.","start":8324.35,"end":8327.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8324.35,"end":8324.83},{"text":"term","start":8325.39,"end":8325.87},{"text":"has","start":8325.95,"end":8326.43},{"text":"no","start":8326.43,"end":8326.75},{"text":"legal","start":8326.75,"end":8327.15},{"text":"status.","start":8327.15,"end":8327.95}]},{"text":"Under international law, in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, there is no notion of shadow fleet.","start":8328.75,"end":8335.79,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."},{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."}],"words":[{"text":"Under","start":8328.75,"end":8328.91},{"text":"international","start":8328.91,"end":8329.55},{"text":"law,","start":8329.55,"end":8329.71},{"text":"in","start":8329.71,"end":8329.79},{"text":"the","start":8329.79,"end":8329.91},{"text":"UN","start":8329.91,"end":8330.07},{"text":"Convention","start":8330.07,"end":8330.67},{"text":"on","start":8330.67,"end":8330.83},{"text":"the","start":8330.83,"end":8330.91},{"text":"Law","start":8330.91,"end":8331.03},{"text":"of","start":8331.03,"end":8331.15},{"text":"the","start":8331.15,"end":8331.27},{"text":"Sea,","start":8331.27,"end":8331.79},{"text":"there","start":8331.95,"end":8332.35},{"text":"is","start":8332.43,"end":8332.99},{"text":"no","start":8332.99,"end":8333.47},{"text":"notion","start":8333.47,"end":8334.27},{"text":"of","start":8334.47,"end":8334.75},{"text":"shadow","start":8335.15,"end":8335.55},{"text":"fleet.","start":8335.55,"end":8335.79}]},{"text":"Neither mention thereof nor references to UCMs are to be found in the strictly limited list of justifications for intercepting, disrupting, and inspecting vessels at sea.","start":8335.79,"end":8347.23,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."},{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."}],"words":[{"text":"Neither","start":8335.79,"end":8336.11},{"text":"mention","start":8336.11,"end":8336.75},{"text":"thereof","start":8336.75,"end":8337.23},{"text":"nor","start":8337.23,"end":8337.47},{"text":"references","start":8337.47,"end":8338.03},{"text":"to","start":8338.03,"end":8338.35},{"text":"UCMs","start":8338.95,"end":8339.31},{"text":"are","start":8339.31,"end":8339.39},{"text":"to","start":8339.39,"end":8339.47},{"text":"be","start":8339.47,"end":8339.63},{"text":"found","start":8339.63,"end":8339.87},{"text":"in","start":8339.87,"end":8339.95},{"text":"the","start":8339.95,"end":8340.03},{"text":"strictly","start":8340.03,"end":8340.43},{"text":"limited","start":8340.43,"end":8340.91},{"text":"list","start":8340.91,"end":8341.39},{"text":"of","start":8341.39,"end":8341.47},{"text":"justifications","start":8341.47,"end":8342.23},{"text":"for","start":8342.23,"end":8342.35},{"text":"intercepting,","start":8342.35,"end":8342.91},{"text":"disrupting,","start":8342.91,"end":8343.55},{"text":"and","start":8343.63,"end":8344.27},{"text":"inspecting","start":8345.23,"end":8345.95},{"text":"vessels","start":8345.95,"end":8346.51},{"text":"at","start":8346.51,"end":8346.71},{"text":"sea.","start":8346.71,"end":8347.23}]},{"text":"thereby, such actions have no legal justifications whatsoever.","start":8348.07,"end":8351.75,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."},{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."}],"words":[{"text":"thereby,","start":8348.07,"end":8348.47},{"text":"such","start":8348.47,"end":8348.79},{"text":"actions","start":8348.79,"end":8349.27},{"text":"have","start":8349.27,"end":8349.51},{"text":"no","start":8349.51,"end":8350.07},{"text":"legal","start":8350.07,"end":8350.47},{"text":"justifications","start":8350.47,"end":8351.11},{"text":"whatsoever.","start":8351.11,"end":8351.75}]},{"text":"On the contrary, EU countries are trampling upon the fundamental norms of maritime law.","start":8351.75,"end":8356.39,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":8351.75,"end":8351.83},{"text":"the","start":8351.83,"end":8351.91},{"text":"contrary,","start":8351.91,"end":8352.47},{"text":"EU","start":8352.79,"end":8353.51},{"text":"countries","start":8353.51,"end":8353.87},{"text":"are","start":8353.87,"end":8353.95},{"text":"trampling","start":8353.95,"end":8354.35},{"text":"upon","start":8354.35,"end":8354.63},{"text":"the","start":8354.63,"end":8354.71},{"text":"fundamental","start":8354.71,"end":8355.19},{"text":"norms","start":8355.19,"end":8355.39},{"text":"of","start":8355.39,"end":8355.51},{"text":"maritime","start":8355.51,"end":8356.07},{"text":"law.","start":8356.07,"end":8356.39}]},{"text":"They may generate a domino effect which may result in the halt to the global maritime trade system.","start":8356.63,"end":8364.47,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":8356.63,"end":8357.03},{"text":"may","start":8357.11,"end":8357.43},{"text":"generate","start":8357.43,"end":8358.15},{"text":"a","start":8358.39,"end":8358.43},{"text":"domino","start":8358.43,"end":8358.79},{"text":"effect","start":8358.79,"end":8359.15},{"text":"which","start":8359.15,"end":8359.51},{"text":"may","start":8359.51,"end":8359.83},{"text":"result","start":8359.83,"end":8360.23},{"text":"in","start":8360.23,"end":8360.39},{"text":"the","start":8360.39,"end":8360.59},{"text":"halt","start":8361.03,"end":8361.67},{"text":"to","start":8361.99,"end":8362.31},{"text":"the","start":8362.31,"end":8362.51},{"text":"global","start":8362.55,"end":8363.03},{"text":"maritime","start":8363.11,"end":8363.51},{"text":"trade","start":8363.51,"end":8363.99},{"text":"system.","start":8363.99,"end":8364.47}]},{"text":"I now turn, Mr. President, to something that was mentioned by a number of delegations, the situation in the Straits of Hormuz and Bab al-Mandeb, as well as the Gulf of Oman and the Red Sea.","start":8364.95,"end":8374.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8364.95,"end":8365.03},{"text":"now","start":8365.03,"end":8365.27},{"text":"turn,","start":8365.27,"end":8365.59},{"text":"Mr.","start":8365.59,"end":8365.87},{"text":"President,","start":8365.87,"end":8366.39},{"text":"to","start":8366.43,"end":8366.55},{"text":"something","start":8366.55,"end":8366.83},{"text":"that","start":8366.83,"end":8366.95},{"text":"was","start":8366.95,"end":8367.07},{"text":"mentioned","start":8367.07,"end":8367.35},{"text":"by","start":8367.35,"end":8367.43},{"text":"a","start":8367.43,"end":8367.47},{"text":"number","start":8367.47,"end":8367.71},{"text":"of","start":8367.71,"end":8367.79},{"text":"delegations,","start":8367.79,"end":8368.43},{"text":"the","start":8368.43,"end":8368.51},{"text":"situation","start":8368.51,"end":8369.03},{"text":"in","start":8369.03,"end":8369.27},{"text":"the","start":8369.27,"end":8369.39},{"text":"Straits","start":8369.83,"end":8370.31},{"text":"of","start":8370.31,"end":8370.39},{"text":"Hormuz","start":8370.39,"end":8370.87},{"text":"and","start":8370.87,"end":8371.07},{"text":"Bab","start":8371.07,"end":8371.27},{"text":"al-Mandeb,","start":8371.35,"end":8372.07},{"text":"as","start":8372.07,"end":8372.31},{"text":"well","start":8372.31,"end":8372.55},{"text":"as","start":8372.55,"end":8372.71},{"text":"the","start":8372.71,"end":8372.87},{"text":"Gulf","start":8372.87,"end":8373.15},{"text":"of","start":8373.15,"end":8373.27},{"text":"Oman","start":8373.35,"end":8373.91},{"text":"and","start":8373.91,"end":8374.11},{"text":"the","start":8374.11,"end":8374.19},{"text":"Red","start":8374.19,"end":8374.35},{"text":"Sea.","start":8374.35,"end":8374.79}]},{"text":"We view as unacceptable their discussion in a separate setting from the root causes being addressed, that root cause being the U.S. and Israeli aggression against Iran.","start":8375.03,"end":8384.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8375.03,"end":8375.35},{"text":"view","start":8375.35,"end":8375.91},{"text":"as","start":8376.15,"end":8376.27},{"text":"unacceptable","start":8376.27,"end":8377.03},{"text":"their","start":8377.03,"end":8377.43},{"text":"discussion","start":8377.43,"end":8377.95},{"text":"in","start":8378.39,"end":8378.55},{"text":"a","start":8378.55,"end":8378.59},{"text":"separate","start":8378.59,"end":8378.95},{"text":"setting","start":8378.95,"end":8379.27},{"text":"from","start":8379.27,"end":8379.43},{"text":"the","start":8379.43,"end":8379.51},{"text":"root","start":8379.51,"end":8379.91},{"text":"causes","start":8379.91,"end":8380.35},{"text":"being","start":8380.35,"end":8380.55},{"text":"addressed,","start":8380.55,"end":8380.95},{"text":"that","start":8380.95,"end":8381.27},{"text":"root","start":8381.27,"end":8381.51},{"text":"cause","start":8381.51,"end":8381.83},{"text":"being","start":8381.83,"end":8382.07},{"text":"the","start":8382.31,"end":8382.39},{"text":"U.S.","start":8382.39,"end":8382.71},{"text":"and","start":8382.71,"end":8382.83},{"text":"Israeli","start":8382.83,"end":8383.07},{"text":"aggression","start":8383.07,"end":8383.47},{"text":"against","start":8383.47,"end":8383.91},{"text":"Iran.","start":8383.95,"end":8384.39}]},{"text":"These actions resulted in assaults against a host of states in the region generating direct threats to safety and stability of maritime navigation.","start":8384.79,"end":8392.49,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."},{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":8384.79,"end":8385.43},{"text":"actions","start":8385.43,"end":8386.03},{"text":"resulted","start":8386.03,"end":8386.43},{"text":"in","start":8386.43,"end":8386.51},{"text":"assaults","start":8386.51,"end":8386.79},{"text":"against","start":8386.79,"end":8387.11},{"text":"a","start":8387.11,"end":8387.15},{"text":"host","start":8387.15,"end":8387.39},{"text":"of","start":8387.39,"end":8387.47},{"text":"states","start":8387.69,"end":8387.93},{"text":"in","start":8387.93,"end":8388.01},{"text":"the","start":8388.01,"end":8388.09},{"text":"region","start":8388.09,"end":8388.57},{"text":"generating","start":8388.57,"end":8389.13},{"text":"direct","start":8389.13,"end":8389.53},{"text":"threats","start":8389.53,"end":8389.85},{"text":"to","start":8389.85,"end":8390.25},{"text":"safety","start":8390.57,"end":8391.01},{"text":"and","start":8391.01,"end":8391.13},{"text":"stability","start":8391.13,"end":8391.57},{"text":"of","start":8391.57,"end":8391.65},{"text":"maritime","start":8391.65,"end":8392.01},{"text":"navigation.","start":8392.01,"end":8392.49}]},{"text":"Let's recall that prior to 28 February 2026, there were no problems related to navigation in the above-mentioned arteries.","start":8392.49,"end":8401.77,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. 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Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":8419.77,"end":8419.93},{"text":"have","start":8419.93,"end":8420.09},{"text":"been","start":8420.09,"end":8420.25},{"text":"using","start":8420.25,"end":8420.81},{"text":"these","start":8420.97,"end":8421.29},{"text":"vessels","start":8421.29,"end":8421.69},{"text":"for","start":8421.69,"end":8422.01},{"text":"transit","start":8422.01,"end":8422.53},{"text":"of","start":8422.53,"end":8422.73},{"text":"military","start":8422.73,"end":8423.13},{"text":"cargo","start":8423.13,"end":8423.61},{"text":"and","start":8423.85,"end":8424.17},{"text":"now","start":8424.17,"end":8424.41},{"text":"is","start":8424.41,"end":8424.65},{"text":"reaping","start":8424.65,"end":8425.37},{"text":"the","start":8426.01,"end":8426.29},{"text":"fruits","start":8428.89,"end":8429.29},{"text":"of","start":8429.29,"end":8429.37},{"text":"this","start":8429.37,"end":8429.53},{"text":"escalation.","start":8429.53,"end":8430.41}]},{"text":"the Russian Federation repeatedly emphasized that we stand willing to engage in a constructive discussion of the matters.","start":8431.49,"end":8438.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"the","start":8431.49,"end":8431.77},{"text":"Russian","start":8431.77,"end":8432.13},{"text":"Federation","start":8432.13,"end":8432.77},{"text":"repeatedly","start":8432.77,"end":8433.49},{"text":"emphasized","start":8433.49,"end":8434.37},{"text":"that","start":8434.77,"end":8434.93},{"text":"we","start":8434.93,"end":8435.09},{"text":"stand","start":8435.09,"end":8435.33},{"text":"willing","start":8435.33,"end":8435.57},{"text":"to","start":8435.57,"end":8435.81},{"text":"engage","start":8435.85,"end":8436.13},{"text":"in","start":8436.13,"end":8436.25},{"text":"a","start":8436.25,"end":8436.29},{"text":"constructive","start":8436.29,"end":8436.77},{"text":"discussion","start":8436.77,"end":8437.33},{"text":"of","start":8437.85,"end":8438.05},{"text":"the","start":8438.05,"end":8438.21},{"text":"matters.","start":8438.21,"end":8438.77}]},{"text":"But I stress, under specialized structures, attempts to have these issues be discussed outside are counterproductive and they’re fraught with undermining decades of progress made in negotiations, the results achieved with the participation of a broad range of states.","start":8439.17,"end":8455.41,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. 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President.","start":8460.45,"end":8462.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8460.45,"end":8460.65},{"text":"you","start":8460.65,"end":8460.73},{"text":"very","start":8460.73,"end":8460.97},{"text":"much,","start":8460.97,"end":8461.33},{"text":"Mr.","start":8461.33,"end":8461.69},{"text":"President.","start":8461.69,"end":8462.21}]},{"text":"We thank Greece for organizing today's high-level open debate on a topic which has gained increasing relevance and significance for international peace and 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we welcome your presence, Honorable Prime Minister, in the meeting today.","start":8473.49,"end":8477.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":8473.49,"end":8473.65},{"text":"we","start":8473.65,"end":8473.81},{"text":"welcome","start":8473.81,"end":8474.21},{"text":"your","start":8474.37,"end":8474.61},{"text":"presence,","start":8474.61,"end":8475.09},{"text":"Honorable","start":8475.09,"end":8475.49},{"text":"Prime","start":8475.49,"end":8475.69},{"text":"Minister,","start":8475.69,"end":8476.21},{"text":"in","start":8476.29,"end":8476.37},{"text":"the","start":8476.37,"end":8476.49},{"text":"meeting","start":8476.49,"end":8476.77},{"text":"today.","start":8476.77,"end":8477.09}]},{"text":"We also thank the briefers, Chef de Cabinet Courtney Rattray, Mr. Zakaria, and Mr. Bletsas, for their valuable insights and 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Global maritime domain has morphed into a locus of intensifying geopolitical competition and intersecting challenges of the 21st 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evolving maritime landscape, technological breakthroughs, and changing contours of armed conflict at sea have transformed it, more than ever before, into a determinant of international peace and security, and a driver of global trade and economic development.","start":8499.69,"end":8517.37,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8499.69,"end":8499.81},{"text":"evolving","start":8499.81,"end":8500.33},{"text":"maritime","start":8500.33,"end":8500.81},{"text":"landscape,","start":8500.81,"end":8501.45},{"text":"technological","start":8501.93,"end":8502.73},{"text":"breakthroughs,","start":8502.73,"end":8503.53},{"text":"and","start":8503.93,"end":8504.25},{"text":"changing","start":8504.25,"end":8504.65},{"text":"contours","start":8504.65,"end":8505.09},{"text":"of","start":8505.09,"end":8505.29},{"text":"armed","start":8505.29,"end":8505.69},{"text":"conflict","start":8505.69,"end":8506.65},{"text":"at","start":8506.65,"end":8506.81},{"text":"sea","start":8506.81,"end":8507.21},{"text":"have","start":8507.21,"end":8507.45},{"text":"transformed","start":8507.45,"end":8508.17},{"text":"it,","start":8508.17,"end":8508.41},{"text":"more","start":8509.05,"end":8509.37},{"text":"than","start":8509.37,"end":8509.53},{"text":"ever","start":8509.53,"end":8509.77},{"text":"before,","start":8509.77,"end":8510.25},{"text":"into","start":8510.73,"end":8511.09},{"text":"a","start":8511.09,"end":8511.13},{"text":"determinant","start":8511.13,"end":8511.77},{"text":"of","start":8511.77,"end":8511.93},{"text":"international","start":8511.93,"end":8512.49},{"text":"peace","start":8512.49,"end":8512.77},{"text":"and","start":8512.77,"end":8512.97},{"text":"security,","start":8512.97,"end":8513.61},{"text":"and","start":8514.09,"end":8514.41},{"text":"a","start":8514.41,"end":8514.45},{"text":"driver","start":8514.45,"end":8514.85},{"text":"of","start":8514.85,"end":8514.97},{"text":"global","start":8514.97,"end":8515.37},{"text":"trade","start":8515.37,"end":8515.69},{"text":"and","start":8516.01,"end":8516.29},{"text":"economic","start":8516.29,"end":8516.73},{"text":"development.","start":8516.73,"end":8517.37}]},{"text":"In the digital age, shaped by emerging technologies and AI, maritime security extends well beyond managing traditional threats.","start":8518.21,"end":8526.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8518.21,"end":8518.37},{"text":"the","start":8518.37,"end":8518.49},{"text":"digital","start":8518.49,"end":8518.93},{"text":"age,","start":8518.93,"end":8519.33},{"text":"shaped","start":8519.65,"end":8520.01},{"text":"by","start":8520.01,"end":8520.21},{"text":"emerging","start":8520.21,"end":8520.61},{"text":"technologies","start":8520.61,"end":8521.33},{"text":"and","start":8521.33,"end":8521.65},{"text":"AI,","start":8521.65,"end":8522.05},{"text":"maritime","start":8522.77,"end":8523.25},{"text":"security","start":8523.25,"end":8523.85},{"text":"extends","start":8523.85,"end":8524.29},{"text":"well","start":8524.29,"end":8524.53},{"text":"beyond","start":8524.53,"end":8524.93},{"text":"managing","start":8524.93,"end":8525.33},{"text":"traditional","start":8525.33,"end":8525.85},{"text":"threats.","start":8525.85,"end":8526.37}]},{"text":"Maritime security now needs to factor in the transformative impacts of technological developments, including AI and machine learning, blockchain, and unmanned and autonomous vehicles.","start":8527.09,"end":8538.57,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. 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Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8539.57,"end":8539.85},{"text":"technological","start":8539.85,"end":8540.61},{"text":"marvel","start":8540.61,"end":8541.09},{"text":"has","start":8541.09,"end":8541.33},{"text":"revolutionized","start":8541.33,"end":8542.33},{"text":"the","start":8542.77,"end":8542.85},{"text":"maritime","start":8542.85,"end":8543.33},{"text":"industry,","start":8543.33,"end":8543.97},{"text":"but","start":8544.29,"end":8544.45},{"text":"has","start":8544.45,"end":8544.61},{"text":"also","start":8544.61,"end":8544.93},{"text":"heightened","start":8544.93,"end":8545.33},{"text":"risks","start":8545.33,"end":8545.81},{"text":"and","start":8545.81,"end":8546.05},{"text":"threats","start":8546.05,"end":8546.53},{"text":"of","start":8546.53,"end":8546.69},{"text":"miscalculation.","start":8546.69,"end":8547.57}]},{"text":"The ease and affordability with which the new technology, particularly loitering munitions and drone swarms, can be acquired has accentuated sea denial capabilities to sabotage merchant vessels, maritime traffic, and critical maritime infrastructure.","start":8548.85,"end":8565.33,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. 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They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8577.93,"end":8578.13},{"text":"challenge","start":8578.13,"end":8578.57},{"text":"before","start":8578.57,"end":8578.93},{"text":"us,","start":8578.93,"end":8579.05},{"text":"therefore,","start":8579.05,"end":8579.61},{"text":"is","start":8580.09,"end":8580.17},{"text":"to","start":8580.17,"end":8580.33},{"text":"seek","start":8580.33,"end":8580.65},{"text":"ways","start":8580.65,"end":8580.89},{"text":"to","start":8580.89,"end":8581.05},{"text":"harness","start":8581.05,"end":8581.45},{"text":"emerging","start":8581.45,"end":8581.89},{"text":"technologies","start":8581.89,"end":8582.57},{"text":"and","start":8582.57,"end":8582.81},{"text":"AI","start":8582.81,"end":8583.21},{"text":"for","start":8583.29,"end":8583.53},{"text":"reinforcing","start":8583.53,"end":8584.09},{"text":"maritime","start":8584.09,"end":8584.49},{"text":"security","start":8584.49,"end":8585.13},{"text":"and","start":8585.53,"end":8585.81},{"text":"to","start":8585.81,"end":8585.93},{"text":"plug","start":8585.93,"end":8586.25},{"text":"loopholes","start":8586.25,"end":8586.89},{"text":"for","start":8586.97,"end":8587.21},{"text":"its","start":8587.21,"end":8587.37},{"text":"misuse.","start":8587.37,"end":8588.01}]},{"text":"An affordable and responsible use of emerging technologies and AI merits evolving an inclusive regulatory framework in a universal setting, anchored under the UN auspices, coupled with capacity building programs for the global south.","start":8588.97,"end":8602.85,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."}],"words":[{"text":"An","start":8588.97,"end":8589.09},{"text":"affordable","start":8589.09,"end":8589.61},{"text":"and","start":8589.61,"end":8589.77},{"text":"responsible","start":8589.77,"end":8590.41},{"text":"use","start":8590.41,"end":8590.69},{"text":"of","start":8590.69,"end":8590.81},{"text":"emerging","start":8590.81,"end":8591.21},{"text":"technologies","start":8591.21,"end":8591.93},{"text":"and","start":8591.93,"end":8592.13},{"text":"AI","start":8592.17,"end":8592.57},{"text":"merits","start":8592.89,"end":8593.29},{"text":"evolving","start":8593.29,"end":8593.81},{"text":"an","start":8593.81,"end":8593.93},{"text":"inclusive","start":8593.93,"end":8594.53},{"text":"regulatory","start":8594.53,"end":8595.09},{"text":"framework","start":8595.09,"end":8595.61},{"text":"in","start":8595.85,"end":8596.09},{"text":"a","start":8596.09,"end":8596.13},{"text":"universal","start":8596.13,"end":8596.73},{"text":"setting,","start":8596.73,"end":8597.13},{"text":"anchored","start":8597.61,"end":8598.13},{"text":"under","start":8598.13,"end":8598.41},{"text":"the","start":8598.41,"end":8598.49},{"text":"UN","start":8598.49,"end":8598.81},{"text":"auspices,","start":8598.81,"end":8599.45},{"text":"coupled","start":8599.85,"end":8600.33},{"text":"with","start":8600.33,"end":8600.49},{"text":"capacity","start":8600.49,"end":8601.05},{"text":"building","start":8601.05,"end":8601.37},{"text":"programs","start":8601.37,"end":8601.93},{"text":"for","start":8601.93,"end":8602.17},{"text":"the","start":8602.17,"end":8602.25},{"text":"global","start":8602.25,"end":8602.65},{"text":"south.","start":8602.65,"end":8602.85}]},{"text":"Mr. President, Since its adoption, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea has served as a cornerstone of international maritime order.","start":8604.49,"end":8612.85,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":8604.49,"end":8604.81},{"text":"President,","start":8604.81,"end":8605.25},{"text":"Since","start":8605.33,"end":8605.81},{"text":"its","start":8605.81,"end":8605.97},{"text":"adoption,","start":8605.97,"end":8606.61},{"text":"the","start":8606.61,"end":8606.81},{"text":"United","start":8606.81,"end":8607.33},{"text":"Nations","start":8607.33,"end":8607.69},{"text":"Convention","start":8607.69,"end":8608.21},{"text":"on","start":8608.21,"end":8608.29},{"text":"the","start":8608.29,"end":8608.41},{"text":"Law","start":8608.41,"end":8608.57},{"text":"of","start":8608.57,"end":8608.69},{"text":"the","start":8608.69,"end":8608.81},{"text":"Sea","start":8608.81,"end":8609.17},{"text":"has","start":8609.57,"end":8609.89},{"text":"served","start":8609.89,"end":8610.13},{"text":"as","start":8610.13,"end":8610.33},{"text":"a","start":8610.33,"end":8610.37},{"text":"cornerstone","start":8610.37,"end":8611.25},{"text":"of","start":8611.25,"end":8611.49},{"text":"international","start":8611.49,"end":8612.05},{"text":"maritime","start":8612.05,"end":8612.53},{"text":"order.","start":8612.53,"end":8612.85}]},{"text":"The legal order established by UNCLOS and the larger body of the law of the sea must be protected and promoted universally.","start":8613.57,"end":8621.09,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8613.57,"end":8613.73},{"text":"legal","start":8613.73,"end":8614.05},{"text":"order","start":8614.05,"end":8614.29},{"text":"established","start":8614.29,"end":8614.73},{"text":"by","start":8614.73,"end":8614.81},{"text":"UNCLOS","start":8614.81,"end":8615.73},{"text":"and","start":8615.73,"end":8615.85},{"text":"the","start":8615.85,"end":8615.93},{"text":"larger","start":8615.93,"end":8616.29},{"text":"body","start":8616.29,"end":8616.61},{"text":"of","start":8616.61,"end":8616.77},{"text":"the","start":8616.77,"end":8616.93},{"text":"law","start":8616.93,"end":8617.13},{"text":"of","start":8617.13,"end":8617.33},{"text":"the","start":8617.33,"end":8617.41},{"text":"sea","start":8617.41,"end":8617.81},{"text":"must","start":8618.21,"end":8618.53},{"text":"be","start":8618.53,"end":8618.69},{"text":"protected","start":8618.69,"end":8619.33},{"text":"and","start":8619.41,"end":8619.69},{"text":"promoted","start":8619.69,"end":8620.21},{"text":"universally.","start":8620.37,"end":8621.09}]},{"text":"As we discuss the use and regulation of emerging technologies, we emphasize that it must be readily made available for providing humanitarian relief to seafarers, including those menaced by piracy.","start":8621.97,"end":8633.53,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":8621.97,"end":8622.21},{"text":"we","start":8622.21,"end":8622.37},{"text":"discuss","start":8622.37,"end":8622.77},{"text":"the","start":8622.77,"end":8622.89},{"text":"use","start":8622.89,"end":8623.17},{"text":"and","start":8623.17,"end":8623.29},{"text":"regulation","start":8623.29,"end":8623.77},{"text":"of","start":8623.77,"end":8623.89},{"text":"emerging","start":8623.89,"end":8624.33},{"text":"technologies,","start":8624.33,"end":8625.09},{"text":"we","start":8625.25,"end":8625.49},{"text":"emphasize","start":8625.49,"end":8626.21},{"text":"that","start":8626.61,"end":8626.93},{"text":"it","start":8626.93,"end":8627.09},{"text":"must","start":8627.09,"end":8627.41},{"text":"be","start":8627.41,"end":8627.49},{"text":"readily","start":8627.49,"end":8627.89},{"text":"made","start":8627.89,"end":8628.13},{"text":"available","start":8628.13,"end":8628.61},{"text":"for","start":8628.61,"end":8628.93},{"text":"providing","start":8628.93,"end":8629.37},{"text":"humanitarian","start":8629.37,"end":8630.05},{"text":"relief","start":8630.05,"end":8630.45},{"text":"to","start":8630.45,"end":8630.57},{"text":"seafarers,","start":8630.61,"end":8631.41},{"text":"including","start":8631.41,"end":8631.97},{"text":"those","start":8631.97,"end":8632.29},{"text":"menaced","start":8632.29,"end":8632.65},{"text":"by","start":8632.65,"end":8632.93},{"text":"piracy.","start":8633.09,"end":8633.53}]},{"text":"President, disruptions of maritime traffic and attacks on merchant vessels in the Strait of Hormuz and Bab al-Mandab have revealed how quickly such developments can imperil energy, food, and economic security.","start":8635.25,"end":8646.53,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."},{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"President,","start":8635.25,"end":8635.73},{"text":"disruptions","start":8635.89,"end":8636.57},{"text":"of","start":8636.57,"end":8636.69},{"text":"maritime","start":8636.69,"end":8637.17},{"text":"traffic","start":8637.17,"end":8637.65},{"text":"and","start":8637.65,"end":8637.85},{"text":"attacks","start":8637.85,"end":8638.21},{"text":"on","start":8638.21,"end":8638.33},{"text":"merchant","start":8638.33,"end":8638.69},{"text":"vessels","start":8638.69,"end":8639.17},{"text":"in","start":8639.17,"end":8639.25},{"text":"the","start":8639.25,"end":8639.37},{"text":"Strait","start":8639.37,"end":8639.65},{"text":"of","start":8639.65,"end":8639.77},{"text":"Hormuz","start":8639.77,"end":8640.29},{"text":"and","start":8640.29,"end":8640.49},{"text":"Bab","start":8640.49,"end":8640.69},{"text":"al-Mandab","start":8640.69,"end":8641.13},{"text":"have","start":8641.65,"end":8641.97},{"text":"revealed","start":8641.97,"end":8642.37},{"text":"how","start":8642.37,"end":8642.53},{"text":"quickly","start":8642.53,"end":8642.93},{"text":"such","start":8642.93,"end":8643.17},{"text":"developments","start":8643.17,"end":8643.89},{"text":"can","start":8643.89,"end":8644.13},{"text":"imperil","start":8644.13,"end":8644.61},{"text":"energy,","start":8644.61,"end":8645.09},{"text":"food,","start":8645.09,"end":8645.41},{"text":"and","start":8645.41,"end":8645.53},{"text":"economic","start":8645.53,"end":8645.97},{"text":"security.","start":8645.97,"end":8646.53}]},{"text":"We reiterate our strong support for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of our brotherly countries in the region, which are impacted by the volatility in these vital waterways and maritime chokepoints.","start":8647.33,"end":8659.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8647.33,"end":8647.57},{"text":"reiterate","start":8647.57,"end":8648.05},{"text":"our","start":8648.05,"end":8648.21},{"text":"strong","start":8648.21,"end":8648.53},{"text":"support","start":8648.53,"end":8649.09},{"text":"for","start":8649.17,"end":8649.41},{"text":"the","start":8649.41,"end":8649.49},{"text":"sovereignty","start":8649.49,"end":8650.21},{"text":"and","start":8650.21,"end":8650.49},{"text":"territorial","start":8650.49,"end":8651.01},{"text":"integrity","start":8651.01,"end":8651.65},{"text":"of","start":8651.73,"end":8651.97},{"text":"our","start":8651.97,"end":8652.13},{"text":"brotherly","start":8652.13,"end":8652.61},{"text":"countries","start":8652.61,"end":8653.01},{"text":"in","start":8653.01,"end":8653.17},{"text":"the","start":8653.17,"end":8653.29},{"text":"region,","start":8653.29,"end":8653.73},{"text":"which","start":8654.45,"end":8654.73},{"text":"are","start":8654.73,"end":8654.85},{"text":"impacted","start":8654.85,"end":8655.41},{"text":"by","start":8655.41,"end":8655.57},{"text":"the","start":8655.57,"end":8655.69},{"text":"volatility","start":8655.69,"end":8656.37},{"text":"in","start":8656.37,"end":8656.53},{"text":"these","start":8656.53,"end":8656.77},{"text":"vital","start":8656.77,"end":8657.09},{"text":"waterways","start":8657.09,"end":8657.73},{"text":"and","start":8657.73,"end":8657.97},{"text":"maritime","start":8657.97,"end":8658.37},{"text":"chokepoints.","start":8658.37,"end":8659.09}]},{"text":"Pakistan strongly condemns the nefarious designs by Houthi militia to weaponize Bab al-Mandab, attacking merchant shipping and seafarers navigating the strait.","start":8660.01,"end":8669.13,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"Pakistan","start":8660.01,"end":8660.57},{"text":"strongly","start":8660.57,"end":8660.97},{"text":"condemns","start":8660.97,"end":8661.45},{"text":"the","start":8661.45,"end":8661.57},{"text":"nefarious","start":8661.57,"end":8662.17},{"text":"designs","start":8662.17,"end":8662.57},{"text":"by","start":8662.57,"end":8662.73},{"text":"Houthi","start":8662.73,"end":8663.05},{"text":"militia","start":8663.05,"end":8663.61},{"text":"to","start":8663.77,"end":8663.89},{"text":"weaponize","start":8663.89,"end":8664.41},{"text":"Bab","start":8664.41,"end":8664.65},{"text":"al-Mandab,","start":8664.65,"end":8665.13},{"text":"attacking","start":8665.77,"end":8666.25},{"text":"merchant","start":8666.25,"end":8666.69},{"text":"shipping","start":8666.69,"end":8667.13},{"text":"and","start":8667.13,"end":8667.37},{"text":"seafarers","start":8667.37,"end":8668.01},{"text":"navigating","start":8668.01,"end":8668.49},{"text":"the","start":8668.49,"end":8668.61},{"text":"strait.","start":8668.61,"end":8669.13}]},{"text":"These attacks undermine maritime security and threaten peace and development of regional countries, especially that of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which has faced blatant aggression by the Houthis.","start":8669.85,"end":8680.73,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":8669.85,"end":8670.17},{"text":"attacks","start":8670.17,"end":8670.57},{"text":"undermine","start":8670.57,"end":8671.01},{"text":"maritime","start":8671.01,"end":8671.45},{"text":"security","start":8671.45,"end":8672.09},{"text":"and","start":8672.09,"end":8672.37},{"text":"threaten","start":8672.37,"end":8672.73},{"text":"peace","start":8672.73,"end":8672.97},{"text":"and","start":8672.97,"end":8673.13},{"text":"development","start":8673.13,"end":8673.77},{"text":"of","start":8673.77,"end":8673.97},{"text":"regional","start":8673.97,"end":8674.33},{"text":"countries,","start":8674.33,"end":8674.81},{"text":"especially","start":8675.29,"end":8675.93},{"text":"that","start":8675.93,"end":8676.25},{"text":"of","start":8676.25,"end":8676.49},{"text":"the","start":8676.49,"end":8676.57},{"text":"Kingdom","start":8676.57,"end":8676.97},{"text":"of","start":8676.97,"end":8677.05},{"text":"Saudi","start":8677.05,"end":8677.41},{"text":"Arabia,","start":8677.41,"end":8677.85},{"text":"which","start":8678.25,"end":8678.57},{"text":"has","start":8678.57,"end":8678.73},{"text":"faced","start":8678.73,"end":8679.05},{"text":"blatant","start":8679.05,"end":8679.49},{"text":"aggression","start":8679.49,"end":8679.93},{"text":"by","start":8679.93,"end":8680.09},{"text":"the","start":8680.09,"end":8680.21},{"text":"Houthis.","start":8680.21,"end":8680.73}]},{"text":"Pakistan reaffirms its unwavering support for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Kingdom and stands in complete solidarity with its leadership and people.","start":8681.37,"end":8691.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Pakistan","start":8681.37,"end":8681.93},{"text":"reaffirms","start":8681.93,"end":8682.49},{"text":"its","start":8682.49,"end":8682.73},{"text":"unwavering","start":8682.73,"end":8683.29},{"text":"support","start":8683.29,"end":8683.73},{"text":"for","start":8683.73,"end":8683.93},{"text":"the","start":8683.93,"end":8684.01},{"text":"sovereignty","start":8684.01,"end":8684.65},{"text":"and","start":8684.65,"end":8684.85},{"text":"territorial","start":8684.85,"end":8685.37},{"text":"integrity","start":8685.37,"end":8686.09},{"text":"of","start":8686.09,"end":8686.25},{"text":"the","start":8686.25,"end":8686.37},{"text":"Kingdom","start":8686.37,"end":8686.89},{"text":"and","start":8687.41,"end":8687.65},{"text":"stands","start":8687.65,"end":8688.09},{"text":"in","start":8688.09,"end":8688.29},{"text":"complete","start":8688.29,"end":8688.77},{"text":"solidarity","start":8688.77,"end":8689.41},{"text":"with","start":8689.41,"end":8689.57},{"text":"its","start":8689.57,"end":8689.73},{"text":"leadership","start":8689.73,"end":8690.29},{"text":"and","start":8690.29,"end":8690.69},{"text":"people.","start":8690.77,"end":8691.17}]},{"text":"As one of the littoral states of the Indian Ocean, with overwhelming reliance on seaborne trade, Pakistan attaches paramount importance to maritime safety and security.","start":8692.45,"end":8701.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":8692.45,"end":8692.69},{"text":"one","start":8692.69,"end":8692.85},{"text":"of","start":8692.85,"end":8692.93},{"text":"the","start":8692.93,"end":8693.05},{"text":"littoral","start":8693.05,"end":8693.49},{"text":"states","start":8693.49,"end":8693.89},{"text":"of","start":8693.89,"end":8694.01},{"text":"the","start":8694.01,"end":8694.09},{"text":"Indian","start":8694.09,"end":8694.45},{"text":"Ocean,","start":8694.45,"end":8694.85},{"text":"with","start":8695.25,"end":8695.49},{"text":"overwhelming","start":8695.57,"end":8696.29},{"text":"reliance","start":8696.29,"end":8696.77},{"text":"on","start":8696.77,"end":8696.93},{"text":"seaborne","start":8696.93,"end":8697.41},{"text":"trade,","start":8697.41,"end":8697.73},{"text":"Pakistan","start":8698.13,"end":8698.69},{"text":"attaches","start":8698.77,"end":8699.09},{"text":"paramount","start":8699.09,"end":8699.65},{"text":"importance","start":8699.65,"end":8700.21},{"text":"to","start":8700.21,"end":8700.33},{"text":"maritime","start":8700.33,"end":8700.77},{"text":"safety","start":8700.77,"end":8701.21},{"text":"and","start":8701.21,"end":8701.33},{"text":"security.","start":8701.33,"end":8701.89}]},{"text":"Global shipping should not become a casualty of conflict and strife; instead, it should remain a driver of global trade and economy.","start":8702.81,"end":8711.49,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."},{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"Global","start":8702.81,"end":8703.17},{"text":"shipping","start":8703.17,"end":8703.53},{"text":"should","start":8703.53,"end":8703.81},{"text":"not","start":8703.81,"end":8704.13},{"text":"become","start":8704.13,"end":8704.53},{"text":"a","start":8704.61,"end":8704.65},{"text":"casualty","start":8704.65,"end":8705.49},{"text":"of","start":8705.57,"end":8705.81},{"text":"conflict","start":8705.81,"end":8706.29},{"text":"and","start":8706.29,"end":8706.41},{"text":"strife;","start":8706.41,"end":8706.93},{"text":"instead,","start":8707.49,"end":8708.13},{"text":"it","start":8708.53,"end":8708.77},{"text":"should","start":8708.77,"end":8708.93},{"text":"remain","start":8708.93,"end":8709.29},{"text":"a","start":8709.29,"end":8709.33},{"text":"driver","start":8709.33,"end":8709.77},{"text":"of","start":8709.77,"end":8709.89},{"text":"global","start":8709.89,"end":8710.21},{"text":"trade","start":8710.21,"end":8710.53},{"text":"and","start":8710.69,"end":8710.97},{"text":"economy.","start":8710.97,"end":8711.49}]},{"text":"As a maritime state with unfailing faith in international law and a strong commitment to multilateralism, Pakistan would continue to engage with the United Nations and with all like-minded countries for turning our oceans into a zone of peace and cooperation, not a theatre of conflict and confrontation or military competition, free from traditional threats and risks posed by emerging technologies.","start":8712.29,"end":8739.41,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."},{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":8712.29,"end":8712.61},{"text":"a","start":8712.61,"end":8712.65},{"text":"maritime","start":8712.65,"end":8713.17},{"text":"state","start":8713.17,"end":8713.57},{"text":"with","start":8713.65,"end":8713.85},{"text":"unfailing","start":8713.89,"end":8714.53},{"text":"faith","start":8714.53,"end":8714.93},{"text":"in","start":8715.57,"end":8715.73},{"text":"international","start":8715.73,"end":8716.69},{"text":"law","start":8716.69,"end":8716.77},{"text":"and","start":8716.77,"end":8717.05},{"text":"a","start":8717.05,"end":8717.09},{"text":"strong","start":8717.09,"end":8717.49},{"text":"commitment","start":8717.49,"end":8717.93},{"text":"to","start":8717.93,"end":8718.05},{"text":"multilateralism,","start":8718.05,"end":8719.01},{"text":"Pakistan","start":8719.65,"end":8720.21},{"text":"would","start":8720.21,"end":8720.37},{"text":"continue","start":8720.37,"end":8720.85},{"text":"to","start":8720.85,"end":8720.97},{"text":"engage","start":8720.97,"end":8721.33},{"text":"with","start":8721.33,"end":8721.57},{"text":"the","start":8721.57,"end":8721.65},{"text":"United","start":8721.65,"end":8722.05},{"text":"Nations","start":8722.05,"end":8722.61},{"text":"and","start":8722.85,"end":8723.09},{"text":"with","start":8723.09,"end":8723.25},{"text":"all","start":8723.33,"end":8723.69},{"text":"like-minded","start":8723.69,"end":8724.21},{"text":"countries","start":8724.21,"end":8724.77},{"text":"for","start":8726.13,"end":8726.37},{"text":"turning","start":8726.37,"end":8726.77},{"text":"our","start":8726.77,"end":8726.93},{"text":"oceans","start":8726.93,"end":8727.33},{"text":"into","start":8727.33,"end":8727.69},{"text":"a","start":8727.69,"end":8727.73},{"text":"zone","start":8727.73,"end":8728.01},{"text":"of","start":8728.01,"end":8728.13},{"text":"peace","start":8728.13,"end":8728.53},{"text":"and","start":8728.61,"end":8728.85},{"text":"cooperation,","start":8728.85,"end":8729.57},{"text":"not","start":8730.29,"end":8730.73},{"text":"a","start":8730.73,"end":8730.77},{"text":"theatre","start":8730.77,"end":8731.21},{"text":"of","start":8731.21,"end":8731.33},{"text":"conflict","start":8731.33,"end":8731.89},{"text":"and","start":8731.89,"end":8732.13},{"text":"confrontation","start":8732.13,"end":8733.01},{"text":"or","start":8733.25,"end":8733.41},{"text":"military","start":8733.41,"end":8733.81},{"text":"competition,","start":8733.81,"end":8734.53},{"text":"free","start":8735.17,"end":8735.57},{"text":"from","start":8735.57,"end":8735.81},{"text":"traditional","start":8735.81,"end":8736.37},{"text":"threats","start":8736.37,"end":8736.85},{"text":"and","start":8737.09,"end":8737.37},{"text":"risks","start":8737.37,"end":8737.81},{"text":"posed","start":8737.81,"end":8738.13},{"text":"by","start":8738.13,"end":8738.29},{"text":"emerging","start":8738.29,"end":8738.69},{"text":"technologies.","start":8738.69,"end":8739.41}]},{"text":"This is our solemn, collective responsibility, and we cannot afford to fail.","start":8740.25,"end":8744.73,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."},{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8740.25,"end":8740.49},{"text":"is","start":8740.49,"end":8740.65},{"text":"our","start":8740.65,"end":8740.81},{"text":"solemn,","start":8740.81,"end":8741.37},{"text":"collective","start":8741.69,"end":8742.17},{"text":"responsibility,","start":8742.17,"end":8743.13},{"text":"and","start":8743.45,"end":8743.57},{"text":"we","start":8743.57,"end":8743.69},{"text":"cannot","start":8743.69,"end":8744.01},{"text":"afford","start":8744.01,"end":8744.37},{"text":"to","start":8744.37,"end":8744.45},{"text":"fail.","start":8744.49,"end":8744.73}]},{"text":"I thank you very much.","start":8744.89,"end":8745.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8744.89,"end":8745.05},{"text":"thank","start":8745.05,"end":8745.25},{"text":"you","start":8745.25,"end":8745.33},{"text":"very","start":8745.33,"end":8745.49},{"text":"much.","start":8745.49,"end":8745.61}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"PAK","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Pakistan"}},{"statement_number":36,"start":8746.61,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=2:25:47","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":8746.61,"end":8746.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8746.61,"end":8746.81},{"text":"you.","start":8746.81,"end":8746.97}]},{"text":"Let me give the floor to the representative of China.","start":8747.29,"end":8749.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":8747.29,"end":8747.41},{"text":"me","start":8747.41,"end":8747.53},{"text":"give","start":8747.53,"end":8747.65},{"text":"the","start":8747.65,"end":8747.73},{"text":"floor","start":8747.73,"end":8748.01},{"text":"to","start":8748.01,"end":8748.17},{"text":"the","start":8748.17,"end":8748.25},{"text":"representative","start":8748.25,"end":8748.97},{"text":"of","start":8748.97,"end":8749.13},{"text":"China.","start":8749.13,"end":8749.61}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GRC","group":null,"function":"President of the Security Council; Prime Minister","affiliation_full":"Greece"}},{"statement_number":37,"start":8751.73,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=2:25:52","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. President.","start":8751.73,"end":8752.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8751.73,"end":8751.93},{"text":"you,","start":8751.93,"end":8752.09},{"text":"Mr.","start":8752.09,"end":8752.41},{"text":"President.","start":8752.41,"end":8752.97}]},{"text":"I welcome Your Excellency, Prime Minister, presiding over this meeting.","start":8753.45,"end":8757.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8753.45,"end":8753.69},{"text":"welcome","start":8754.25,"end":8754.73},{"text":"Your","start":8754.73,"end":8754.97},{"text":"Excellency,","start":8754.97,"end":8755.61},{"text":"Prime","start":8755.61,"end":8755.81},{"text":"Minister,","start":8755.81,"end":8756.33},{"text":"presiding","start":8756.33,"end":8756.89},{"text":"over","start":8756.89,"end":8757.05},{"text":"this","start":8757.05,"end":8757.29},{"text":"meeting.","start":8757.29,"end":8757.77}]},{"text":"I thank Mr. Ratrei, Mr. Zakaria, and Mr. Bletsas for their briefings.","start":8758.01,"end":8764.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8758.01,"end":8758.17},{"text":"thank","start":8758.17,"end":8758.57},{"text":"Mr.","start":8758.57,"end":8758.93},{"text":"Ratrei,","start":8758.93,"end":8759.61},{"text":"Mr.","start":8759.77,"end":8760.21},{"text":"Zakaria,","start":8760.21,"end":8760.89},{"text":"and","start":8761.69,"end":8762.09},{"text":"Mr.","start":8762.09,"end":8762.49},{"text":"Bletsas","start":8762.49,"end":8763.21},{"text":"for","start":8763.29,"end":8763.49},{"text":"their","start":8763.49,"end":8763.69},{"text":"briefings.","start":8763.69,"end":8764.33}]},{"text":"Currently, emerging technologies such as AI, low Earth orbit constellations, and unmanned systems are developing rapidly, showing broad application prospects in empowering maritime activities, developing blue economy, and maintaining maritime security.","start":8765.45,"end":8782.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Currently,","start":8765.45,"end":8766.25},{"text":"emerging","start":8766.73,"end":8767.21},{"text":"technologies","start":8767.21,"end":8767.93},{"text":"such","start":8767.93,"end":8768.25},{"text":"as","start":8768.25,"end":8768.57},{"text":"AI,","start":8768.97,"end":8769.29},{"text":"low","start":8769.45,"end":8769.77},{"text":"Earth","start":8769.77,"end":8770.01},{"text":"orbit","start":8770.01,"end":8770.41},{"text":"constellations,","start":8770.41,"end":8771.25},{"text":"and","start":8771.25,"end":8771.49},{"text":"unmanned","start":8771.49,"end":8771.97},{"text":"systems","start":8771.97,"end":8772.49},{"text":"are","start":8772.49,"end":8772.57},{"text":"developing","start":8772.57,"end":8773.05},{"text":"rapidly,","start":8773.05,"end":8773.69},{"text":"showing","start":8774.01,"end":8774.65},{"text":"broad","start":8774.97,"end":8775.37},{"text":"application","start":8775.37,"end":8776.09},{"text":"prospects","start":8776.09,"end":8776.73},{"text":"in","start":8776.73,"end":8776.89},{"text":"empowering","start":8776.89,"end":8777.77},{"text":"maritime","start":8777.85,"end":8778.33},{"text":"activities,","start":8778.33,"end":8778.97},{"text":"developing","start":8778.97,"end":8779.45},{"text":"blue","start":8779.45,"end":8779.77},{"text":"economy,","start":8779.81,"end":8780.41},{"text":"and","start":8780.65,"end":8780.89},{"text":"maintaining","start":8780.89,"end":8781.45},{"text":"maritime","start":8781.45,"end":8781.93},{"text":"security.","start":8781.93,"end":8782.65}]},{"text":"At the same time, its misuse and abuse, together with its growing governance deficit, pose new risks and challenges to maritime security.","start":8782.89,"end":8792.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":8782.89,"end":8783.01},{"text":"the","start":8783.01,"end":8783.13},{"text":"same","start":8783.13,"end":8783.37},{"text":"time,","start":8783.37,"end":8783.77},{"text":"its","start":8783.93,"end":8784.25},{"text":"misuse","start":8784.25,"end":8784.77},{"text":"and","start":8784.77,"end":8784.89},{"text":"abuse,","start":8784.89,"end":8785.37},{"text":"together","start":8785.69,"end":8786.17},{"text":"with","start":8786.17,"end":8786.37},{"text":"its","start":8786.37,"end":8786.57},{"text":"growing","start":8786.65,"end":8787.21},{"text":"governance","start":8787.21,"end":8787.77},{"text":"deficit,","start":8787.81,"end":8788.33},{"text":"pose","start":8788.49,"end":8788.89},{"text":"new","start":8788.89,"end":8789.29},{"text":"risks","start":8789.29,"end":8789.93},{"text":"and","start":8790.09,"end":8790.33},{"text":"challenges","start":8790.33,"end":8790.81},{"text":"to","start":8790.81,"end":8791.13},{"text":"maritime","start":8791.13,"end":8791.69},{"text":"security.","start":8791.69,"end":8792.41}]},{"text":"The international community should strengthen solidarity and cooperation, give equal emphasis on development and security, and push emerging technologies to better serve maritime security and people's well-being.","start":8792.73,"end":8805.85,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8792.73,"end":8792.85},{"text":"international","start":8792.85,"end":8793.61},{"text":"community","start":8793.61,"end":8794.49},{"text":"should","start":8794.49,"end":8794.81},{"text":"strengthen","start":8794.81,"end":8795.25},{"text":"solidarity","start":8795.33,"end":8795.81},{"text":"and","start":8795.81,"end":8795.93},{"text":"cooperation,","start":8795.93,"end":8796.73},{"text":"give","start":8796.89,"end":8797.21},{"text":"equal","start":8797.21,"end":8797.69},{"text":"emphasis","start":8797.73,"end":8798.17},{"text":"on","start":8798.17,"end":8798.33},{"text":"development","start":8798.33,"end":8798.81},{"text":"and","start":8798.81,"end":8798.93},{"text":"security,","start":8798.93,"end":8799.53},{"text":"and","start":8799.77,"end":8799.97},{"text":"push","start":8800.01,"end":8800.33},{"text":"emerging","start":8800.33,"end":8800.89},{"text":"technologies","start":8800.89,"end":8801.61},{"text":"to","start":8801.61,"end":8801.77},{"text":"better","start":8801.77,"end":8802.13},{"text":"serve","start":8802.13,"end":8802.65},{"text":"maritime","start":8803.21,"end":8803.85},{"text":"security","start":8803.85,"end":8804.33},{"text":"and","start":8804.33,"end":8804.57},{"text":"people's","start":8804.81,"end":8805.25},{"text":"well-being.","start":8805.25,"end":8805.85}]},{"text":"I would like to emphasize four points.","start":8805.85,"end":8807.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8805.85,"end":8805.93},{"text":"would","start":8805.93,"end":8806.09},{"text":"like","start":8806.09,"end":8806.25},{"text":"to","start":8806.25,"end":8806.33},{"text":"emphasize","start":8806.33,"end":8806.73},{"text":"four","start":8806.73,"end":8806.89},{"text":"points.","start":8806.89,"end":8807.29}]},{"text":"First, insisting on technology for good to promote its peaceful use.","start":8807.61,"end":8812.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":8807.61,"end":8808.09},{"text":"insisting","start":8808.17,"end":8808.89},{"text":"on","start":8808.89,"end":8809.05},{"text":"technology","start":8809.05,"end":8809.69},{"text":"for","start":8809.69,"end":8809.89},{"text":"good","start":8809.89,"end":8810.33},{"text":"to","start":8810.33,"end":8810.57},{"text":"promote","start":8810.57,"end":8811.21},{"text":"its","start":8811.21,"end":8811.53},{"text":"peaceful","start":8811.53,"end":8811.93},{"text":"use.","start":8811.93,"end":8812.25}]},{"text":"All countries should uphold a people-centered concept and guide emerging technologies to develop for good and to benefit humanity.","start":8812.49,"end":8821.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"All","start":8812.49,"end":8812.81},{"text":"countries","start":8812.81,"end":8813.29},{"text":"should","start":8813.29,"end":8813.61},{"text":"uphold","start":8813.61,"end":8814.01},{"text":"a","start":8814.01,"end":8814.09},{"text":"people-centered","start":8814.09,"end":8814.97},{"text":"concept","start":8814.97,"end":8815.45},{"text":"and","start":8815.45,"end":8815.65},{"text":"guide","start":8815.65,"end":8816.09},{"text":"emerging","start":8816.09,"end":8816.49},{"text":"technologies","start":8816.49,"end":8817.21},{"text":"to","start":8817.21,"end":8817.37},{"text":"develop","start":8817.37,"end":8817.85},{"text":"for","start":8817.85,"end":8818.01},{"text":"good","start":8818.01,"end":8818.41},{"text":"and","start":8818.57,"end":8818.81},{"text":"to","start":8818.81,"end":8818.97},{"text":"benefit","start":8818.97,"end":8819.77},{"text":"humanity.","start":8820.17,"end":8821.05}]},{"text":"We must comprehensively use technology tools to enhance maritime situational awareness, early warning, and emergency response capabilities, thereby supporting maritime law enforcement, search and rescue, disaster prevention and mitigation, and more effectively combating maritime crimes such as piracy, terrorism, arms and drug smuggling, and human trafficking.","start":8822.01,"end":8844.33,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. 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Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8822.01,"end":8822.25},{"text":"must","start":8822.25,"end":8822.57},{"text":"comprehensively","start":8822.57,"end":8823.53},{"text":"use","start":8823.53,"end":8823.77},{"text":"technology","start":8823.77,"end":8824.41},{"text":"tools","start":8824.41,"end":8824.73},{"text":"to","start":8824.73,"end":8824.89},{"text":"enhance","start":8824.93,"end":8825.37},{"text":"maritime","start":8825.37,"end":8826.09},{"text":"situational","start":8826.17,"end":8827.17},{"text":"awareness,","start":8827.17,"end":8827.69},{"text":"early","start":8827.69,"end":8828.01},{"text":"warning,","start":8828.01,"end":8828.57},{"text":"and","start":8828.57,"end":8828.81},{"text":"emergency","start":8828.81,"end":8829.45},{"text":"response","start":8829.45,"end":8829.93},{"text":"capabilities,","start":8829.93,"end":8830.81},{"text":"thereby","start":8830.97,"end":8831.53},{"text":"supporting","start":8831.53,"end":8832.09},{"text":"maritime","start":8832.09,"end":8832.57},{"text":"law","start":8832.57,"end":8832.81},{"text":"enforcement,","start":8832.85,"end":8833.69},{"text":"search","start":8833.69,"end":8834.05},{"text":"and","start":8834.05,"end":8834.21},{"text":"rescue,","start":8834.21,"end":8834.65},{"text":"disaster","start":8834.65,"end":8835.13},{"text":"prevention","start":8835.13,"end":8835.61},{"text":"and","start":8835.61,"end":8835.73},{"text":"mitigation,","start":8835.73,"end":8836.49},{"text":"and","start":8836.65,"end":8836.89},{"text":"more","start":8836.89,"end":8837.13},{"text":"effectively","start":8837.13,"end":8837.85},{"text":"combating","start":8837.85,"end":8838.33},{"text":"maritime","start":8838.33,"end":8838.89},{"text":"crimes","start":8838.89,"end":8839.37},{"text":"such","start":8839.53,"end":8839.77},{"text":"as","start":8839.77,"end":8839.93},{"text":"piracy,","start":8839.93,"end":8840.49},{"text":"terrorism,","start":8840.49,"end":8841.21},{"text":"arms","start":8841.21,"end":8841.45},{"text":"and","start":8841.45,"end":8841.65},{"text":"drug","start":8841.65,"end":8841.85},{"text":"smuggling,","start":8841.85,"end":8842.49},{"text":"and","start":8842.65,"end":8842.93},{"text":"human","start":8842.93,"end":8843.53},{"text":"trafficking.","start":8843.61,"end":8844.33}]},{"text":"We must strengthen technical risk assessment and regulatory frameworks to prevent terrorist forces and criminal groups from abusing emerging technologies, guard against cyberattacks, data breaches, and loss of control over autonomous systems, and ensure that emerging technologies remain safe, reliable, and within control at all times.","start":8845.21,"end":8867.97,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."},{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8845.21,"end":8845.45},{"text":"must","start":8845.45,"end":8845.69},{"text":"strengthen","start":8845.69,"end":8846.17},{"text":"technical","start":8846.17,"end":8846.73},{"text":"risk","start":8846.73,"end":8847.05},{"text":"assessment","start":8847.45,"end":8848.09},{"text":"and","start":8848.09,"end":8848.21},{"text":"regulatory","start":8848.21,"end":8848.73},{"text":"frameworks","start":8848.73,"end":8849.29},{"text":"to","start":8849.29,"end":8849.45},{"text":"prevent","start":8849.45,"end":8850.33},{"text":"terrorist","start":8851.17,"end":8851.81},{"text":"forces","start":8851.81,"end":8852.17},{"text":"and","start":8852.17,"end":8852.29},{"text":"criminal","start":8852.29,"end":8852.77},{"text":"groups","start":8852.77,"end":8853.17},{"text":"from","start":8853.17,"end":8853.49},{"text":"abusing","start":8853.49,"end":8854.21},{"text":"emerging","start":8854.21,"end":8854.77},{"text":"technologies,","start":8854.77,"end":8855.65},{"text":"guard","start":8855.97,"end":8856.29},{"text":"against","start":8856.29,"end":8856.77},{"text":"cyberattacks,","start":8856.77,"end":8857.81},{"text":"data","start":8857.97,"end":8858.33},{"text":"breaches,","start":8858.33,"end":8858.93},{"text":"and","start":8858.93,"end":8859.09},{"text":"loss","start":8859.09,"end":8859.33},{"text":"of","start":8859.33,"end":8859.45},{"text":"control","start":8859.45,"end":8860.05},{"text":"over","start":8860.05,"end":8860.37},{"text":"autonomous","start":8860.37,"end":8861.21},{"text":"systems,","start":8861.21,"end":8861.73},{"text":"and","start":8861.73,"end":8862.09},{"text":"ensure","start":8862.09,"end":8862.61},{"text":"that","start":8862.85,"end":8863.09},{"text":"emerging","start":8863.09,"end":8863.65},{"text":"technologies","start":8863.65,"end":8864.37},{"text":"remain","start":8864.37,"end":8864.69},{"text":"safe,","start":8864.69,"end":8865.33},{"text":"reliable,","start":8865.33,"end":8865.97},{"text":"and","start":8865.97,"end":8866.17},{"text":"within","start":8866.17,"end":8866.53},{"text":"control","start":8866.53,"end":8867.01},{"text":"at","start":8867.09,"end":8867.33},{"text":"all","start":8867.33,"end":8867.57},{"text":"times.","start":8867.57,"end":8867.97}]},{"text":"Second, strengthening dialogue and consultation to resolve hotspot issues.","start":8868.77,"end":8872.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":8868.77,"end":8868.93},{"text":"strengthening","start":8869.17,"end":8869.81},{"text":"dialogue","start":8869.81,"end":8870.13},{"text":"and","start":8870.13,"end":8870.29},{"text":"consultation","start":8870.29,"end":8870.89},{"text":"to","start":8870.89,"end":8870.97},{"text":"resolve","start":8870.97,"end":8871.49},{"text":"hotspot","start":8871.49,"end":8871.97},{"text":"issues.","start":8871.97,"end":8872.45}]},{"text":"In recent years, some regional conflicts have dragged on and escalated, triggering tensions in surrounding waters and international waterways, and undermining global shipping security and supply chain stability.","start":8872.53,"end":8885.25,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. 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Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8872.53,"end":8872.77},{"text":"recent","start":8872.77,"end":8873.17},{"text":"years,","start":8873.17,"end":8873.57},{"text":"some","start":8873.57,"end":8873.81},{"text":"regional","start":8873.81,"end":8874.29},{"text":"conflicts","start":8874.29,"end":8874.85},{"text":"have","start":8874.85,"end":8874.97},{"text":"dragged","start":8874.97,"end":8875.33},{"text":"on","start":8875.33,"end":8875.65},{"text":"and","start":8875.65,"end":8875.85},{"text":"escalated,","start":8875.85,"end":8876.61},{"text":"triggering","start":8876.77,"end":8877.41},{"text":"tensions","start":8877.41,"end":8877.89},{"text":"in","start":8877.89,"end":8878.01},{"text":"surrounding","start":8878.01,"end":8878.53},{"text":"waters","start":8878.53,"end":8879.01},{"text":"and","start":8879.01,"end":8879.17},{"text":"international","start":8879.17,"end":8879.93},{"text":"waterways,","start":8879.93,"end":8880.69},{"text":"and","start":8880.85,"end":8881.05},{"text":"undermining","start":8881.05,"end":8881.65},{"text":"global","start":8881.65,"end":8882.05},{"text":"shipping","start":8882.05,"end":8882.53},{"text":"security","start":8882.53,"end":8883.25},{"text":"and","start":8883.25,"end":8883.45},{"text":"supply","start":8883.45,"end":8883.89},{"text":"chain","start":8883.89,"end":8884.37},{"text":"stability.","start":8884.45,"end":8885.25}]},{"text":"The parties concerned should uphold a common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security concept.","start":8885.73,"end":8892.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8885.73,"end":8885.97},{"text":"parties","start":8885.97,"end":8886.69},{"text":"concerned","start":8886.69,"end":8887.25},{"text":"should","start":8887.25,"end":8887.57},{"text":"uphold","start":8887.57,"end":8888.21},{"text":"a","start":8888.37,"end":8888.45},{"text":"common,","start":8888.45,"end":8888.93},{"text":"comprehensive,","start":8888.93,"end":8889.73},{"text":"cooperative,","start":8889.73,"end":8890.37},{"text":"and","start":8890.37,"end":8890.53},{"text":"sustainable","start":8890.53,"end":8891.17},{"text":"security","start":8891.17,"end":8891.65},{"text":"concept.","start":8891.65,"end":8892.21}]},{"text":"Actively engage in dialogue and consultation, resolve disputes through diplomatic channels, and promote the early realization of lasting peace in the region.","start":8893.33,"end":8902.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Actively","start":8893.33,"end":8894.05},{"text":"engage","start":8894.05,"end":8894.45},{"text":"in","start":8894.45,"end":8894.61},{"text":"dialogue","start":8894.61,"end":8895.13},{"text":"and","start":8895.13,"end":8895.25},{"text":"consultation,","start":8895.25,"end":8896.13},{"text":"resolve","start":8896.13,"end":8896.69},{"text":"disputes","start":8896.69,"end":8897.17},{"text":"through","start":8897.17,"end":8897.41},{"text":"diplomatic","start":8897.41,"end":8898.05},{"text":"channels,","start":8898.05,"end":8898.61},{"text":"and","start":8898.77,"end":8899.01},{"text":"promote","start":8899.01,"end":8899.37},{"text":"the","start":8899.37,"end":8899.45},{"text":"early","start":8900.21,"end":8900.61},{"text":"realization","start":8900.61,"end":8901.33},{"text":"of","start":8901.33,"end":8901.41},{"text":"lasting","start":8901.41,"end":8901.81},{"text":"peace","start":8901.81,"end":8902.13},{"text":"in","start":8902.13,"end":8902.21},{"text":"the","start":8902.21,"end":8902.33},{"text":"region.","start":8902.33,"end":8902.85}]},{"text":"Regarding military application of emerging technologies, all parties must be highly vigilant, strictly abide by purposes and principles of the UN Charter and relevant international law, oppose any attacks against civilians and civilian infrastructure, and avoid the abuse of technology that leads to humanitarian and escalation of conflicts.","start":8903.17,"end":8925.25,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."},{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. 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Prime Minister","affiliation_full":"Greece"}},{"statement_number":39,"start":9113.33,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=2:31:54","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. President, Your Excellency Prime Minister Mitsotakis.","start":9113.33,"end":9116.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9113.33,"end":9113.53},{"text":"you,","start":9113.53,"end":9113.61},{"text":"Mr.","start":9113.61,"end":9113.85},{"text":"President,","start":9113.85,"end":9114.37},{"text":"Your","start":9114.37,"end":9114.53},{"text":"Excellency","start":9114.53,"end":9114.97},{"text":"Prime","start":9114.97,"end":9115.21},{"text":"Minister","start":9115.21,"end":9115.73},{"text":"Mitsotakis.","start":9115.81,"end":9116.53}]},{"text":"Before starting my statement, I would like to react briefly on the statement of the Russian delegation on the so-called escalation by Ukraine.","start":9116.85,"end":9124.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Before","start":9116.85,"end":9117.09},{"text":"starting","start":9117.09,"end":9117.41},{"text":"my","start":9117.41,"end":9117.65},{"text":"statement,","start":9117.65,"end":9118.21},{"text":"I","start":9118.21,"end":9118.29},{"text":"would","start":9118.29,"end":9118.41},{"text":"like","start":9118.41,"end":9118.69},{"text":"to","start":9118.69,"end":9119.33},{"text":"react","start":9119.33,"end":9119.73},{"text":"briefly","start":9119.73,"end":9120.29},{"text":"on","start":9120.61,"end":9120.77},{"text":"the","start":9120.77,"end":9120.85},{"text":"statement","start":9120.85,"end":9121.33},{"text":"of","start":9121.33,"end":9121.41},{"text":"the","start":9121.41,"end":9121.49},{"text":"Russian","start":9121.49,"end":9121.73},{"text":"delegation","start":9121.73,"end":9122.29},{"text":"on","start":9122.29,"end":9122.53},{"text":"the","start":9122.53,"end":9122.61},{"text":"so-called","start":9122.61,"end":9123.17},{"text":"escalation","start":9123.17,"end":9123.97},{"text":"by","start":9123.97,"end":9124.21},{"text":"Ukraine.","start":9124.21,"end":9124.85}]},{"text":"of the maritime security situation in Black Sea.","start":9125.29,"end":9127.93,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. 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Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"More","start":9145.13,"end":9145.29},{"text":"than","start":9145.29,"end":9145.53},{"text":"260","start":9145.53,"end":9146.57},{"text":"civilian","start":9146.61,"end":9147.13},{"text":"vessels","start":9147.29,"end":9147.69},{"text":"damaged,","start":9147.85,"end":9148.41},{"text":"and","start":9148.81,"end":9149.13},{"text":"over","start":9149.13,"end":9149.53},{"text":"330","start":9149.81,"end":9150.37},{"text":"civilians","start":9150.89,"end":9151.81},{"text":"affected.","start":9152.01,"end":9152.49}]},{"text":"And recently, attacks on vessels have intensified dramatically.","start":9153.13,"end":9157.13,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9153.13,"end":9153.29},{"text":"recently,","start":9153.29,"end":9154.01},{"text":"attacks","start":9154.01,"end":9154.49},{"text":"on","start":9154.49,"end":9154.69},{"text":"vessels","start":9154.69,"end":9155.09},{"text":"have","start":9155.13,"end":9155.37},{"text":"intensified","start":9155.37,"end":9156.17},{"text":"dramatically.","start":9156.49,"end":9157.13}]},{"text":"25 attacks were recorded through 2025, compared with all the 95 attacks in June-September 2026 alone.","start":9157.85,"end":9168.09,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"25","start":9157.85,"end":9158.25},{"text":"attacks","start":9158.25,"end":9158.81},{"text":"were","start":9158.81,"end":9158.97},{"text":"recorded","start":9158.97,"end":9159.45},{"text":"through","start":9159.65,"end":9159.93},{"text":"2025,","start":9159.93,"end":9161.05},{"text":"compared","start":9161.77,"end":9162.33},{"text":"with","start":9162.33,"end":9162.53},{"text":"all","start":9162.57,"end":9162.81},{"text":"the","start":9162.81,"end":9162.93},{"text":"95","start":9163.77,"end":9164.81},{"text":"attacks","start":9164.81,"end":9165.29},{"text":"in","start":9165.29,"end":9165.53},{"text":"June-September","start":9165.53,"end":9166.41},{"text":"2026","start":9166.81,"end":9167.69},{"text":"alone.","start":9167.69,"end":9168.09}]},{"text":"Returning to my statement, let me first of all thank you, Mr. President, and the Greek Presidency for organizing today's important debate.","start":9169.61,"end":9176.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Returning","start":9169.61,"end":9170.01},{"text":"to","start":9170.01,"end":9170.13},{"text":"my","start":9170.13,"end":9170.25},{"text":"statement,","start":9170.25,"end":9170.89},{"text":"let","start":9170.97,"end":9171.17},{"text":"me","start":9171.17,"end":9171.33},{"text":"first","start":9171.33,"end":9171.53},{"text":"of","start":9171.57,"end":9171.65},{"text":"all","start":9171.65,"end":9171.77},{"text":"thank","start":9171.77,"end":9172.17},{"text":"you,","start":9172.65,"end":9172.89},{"text":"Mr.","start":9172.97,"end":9173.33},{"text":"President,","start":9173.33,"end":9173.85},{"text":"and","start":9173.85,"end":9174.09},{"text":"the","start":9174.09,"end":9174.17},{"text":"Greek","start":9174.17,"end":9174.41},{"text":"Presidency","start":9174.41,"end":9174.97},{"text":"for","start":9174.97,"end":9175.13},{"text":"organizing","start":9175.13,"end":9175.65},{"text":"today's","start":9175.65,"end":9176.01},{"text":"important","start":9176.01,"end":9176.45},{"text":"debate.","start":9176.45,"end":9176.89}]},{"text":"We are also grateful to the briefers for their valuable insight.","start":9177.45,"end":9180.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9177.45,"end":9177.53},{"text":"are","start":9177.53,"end":9177.61},{"text":"also","start":9177.61,"end":9177.81},{"text":"grateful","start":9177.81,"end":9178.25},{"text":"to","start":9178.25,"end":9178.37},{"text":"the","start":9178.37,"end":9178.49},{"text":"briefers","start":9178.49,"end":9178.89},{"text":"for","start":9179.09,"end":9179.21},{"text":"their","start":9179.25,"end":9179.61},{"text":"valuable","start":9179.61,"end":9180.17},{"text":"insight.","start":9180.17,"end":9180.81}]},{"text":"Emerging technologies are rapidly transforming the maritime domain.","start":9181.57,"end":9184.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Emerging","start":9181.57,"end":9181.85},{"text":"technologies","start":9181.85,"end":9182.49},{"text":"are","start":9182.49,"end":9182.77},{"text":"rapidly","start":9182.77,"end":9183.09},{"text":"transforming","start":9183.09,"end":9183.65},{"text":"the","start":9183.65,"end":9183.81},{"text":"maritime","start":9183.93,"end":9184.49},{"text":"domain.","start":9184.49,"end":9184.97}]},{"text":"They offer new opportunities to strengthen maritime security, but they can also create new threats when used irresponsibly or as instruments of aggression.","start":9185.61,"end":9195.05,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."},{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":9185.61,"end":9185.93},{"text":"offer","start":9185.93,"end":9186.25},{"text":"new","start":9186.25,"end":9186.37},{"text":"opportunities","start":9186.37,"end":9187.05},{"text":"to","start":9187.05,"end":9187.17},{"text":"strengthen","start":9187.17,"end":9187.65},{"text":"maritime","start":9187.65,"end":9188.01},{"text":"security,","start":9188.01,"end":9188.73},{"text":"but","start":9188.81,"end":9189.09},{"text":"they","start":9189.09,"end":9189.29},{"text":"can","start":9189.29,"end":9189.53},{"text":"also","start":9189.53,"end":9189.93},{"text":"create","start":9189.93,"end":9190.41},{"text":"new","start":9190.41,"end":9190.65},{"text":"threats","start":9190.65,"end":9191.01},{"text":"when","start":9191.49,"end":9191.77},{"text":"used","start":9191.77,"end":9192.09},{"text":"irresponsibly","start":9192.09,"end":9192.89},{"text":"or","start":9192.89,"end":9193.29},{"text":"as","start":9193.29,"end":9193.61},{"text":"instruments","start":9193.61,"end":9194.25},{"text":"of","start":9194.25,"end":9194.49},{"text":"aggression.","start":9194.49,"end":9195.05}]},{"text":"These challenges are particularly evident in the Black Sea.","start":9195.61,"end":9198.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":9195.61,"end":9195.85},{"text":"challenges","start":9195.85,"end":9196.41},{"text":"are","start":9196.41,"end":9196.57},{"text":"particularly","start":9196.57,"end":9197.13},{"text":"evident","start":9197.13,"end":9197.61},{"text":"in","start":9197.61,"end":9197.77},{"text":"the","start":9197.77,"end":9197.93},{"text":"Black","start":9197.93,"end":9198.17},{"text":"Sea.","start":9198.17,"end":9198.49}]},{"text":"Russia's ongoing war of aggression against Ukraine has demonstrated how modern weapons and unmanned systems can undermine maritime security.","start":9199.53,"end":9208.49,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"Russia's","start":9199.53,"end":9199.89},{"text":"ongoing","start":9199.89,"end":9200.33},{"text":"war","start":9200.33,"end":9200.57},{"text":"of","start":9200.57,"end":9200.65},{"text":"aggression","start":9200.65,"end":9201.09},{"text":"against","start":9201.09,"end":9201.45},{"text":"Ukraine","start":9201.45,"end":9201.85},{"text":"has","start":9201.85,"end":9202.09},{"text":"demonstrated","start":9202.09,"end":9202.85},{"text":"how","start":9202.85,"end":9203.21},{"text":"modern","start":9203.21,"end":9203.69},{"text":"weapons","start":9203.69,"end":9204.09},{"text":"and","start":9204.57,"end":9204.89},{"text":"unmanned","start":9205.17,"end":9205.73},{"text":"systems","start":9205.77,"end":9206.29},{"text":"can","start":9206.41,"end":9206.73},{"text":"undermine","start":9206.73,"end":9207.37},{"text":"maritime","start":9207.37,"end":9207.85},{"text":"security.","start":9207.85,"end":9208.49}]},{"text":"Russia continues to deliberately attack Ukraine's port infrastructure and commercial shipping in the Black Sea with missiles, unmanned aerial vehicles, and uncrewed maritime systems, threatening civilian crews and port workers, and disrupting the movement of goods.","start":9209.21,"end":9226.09,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."},{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."},{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Russia","start":9209.21,"end":9209.53},{"text":"continues","start":9209.53,"end":9209.93},{"text":"to","start":9209.93,"end":9210.09},{"text":"deliberately","start":9210.09,"end":9210.73},{"text":"attack","start":9210.73,"end":9211.13},{"text":"Ukraine's","start":9211.13,"end":9211.53},{"text":"port","start":9211.53,"end":9211.69},{"text":"infrastructure","start":9211.69,"end":9212.41},{"text":"and","start":9212.41,"end":9212.65},{"text":"commercial","start":9212.65,"end":9213.13},{"text":"shipping","start":9213.13,"end":9213.45},{"text":"in","start":9213.45,"end":9213.61},{"text":"the","start":9213.61,"end":9213.69},{"text":"Black","start":9213.69,"end":9214.01},{"text":"Sea","start":9214.01,"end":9214.29},{"text":"with","start":9214.29,"end":9214.45},{"text":"missiles,","start":9214.49,"end":9215.09},{"text":"unmanned","start":9215.69,"end":9216.17},{"text":"aerial","start":9216.17,"end":9216.53},{"text":"vehicles,","start":9216.53,"end":9216.93},{"text":"and","start":9217.53,"end":9218.09},{"text":"uncrewed","start":9218.93,"end":9219.45},{"text":"maritime","start":9219.45,"end":9219.97},{"text":"systems,","start":9219.97,"end":9220.49},{"text":"threatening","start":9220.81,"end":9221.37},{"text":"civilian","start":9221.45,"end":9222.09},{"text":"crews","start":9222.09,"end":9222.65},{"text":"and","start":9222.65,"end":9222.93},{"text":"port","start":9222.93,"end":9223.21},{"text":"workers,","start":9223.21,"end":9223.61},{"text":"and","start":9224.09,"end":9224.37},{"text":"disrupting","start":9224.37,"end":9224.97},{"text":"the","start":9225.05,"end":9225.13},{"text":"movement","start":9225.13,"end":9225.61},{"text":"of","start":9225.61,"end":9225.85},{"text":"goods.","start":9225.85,"end":9226.09}]},{"text":"Ukraine's maritime exports are essential to global food security.","start":9228.33,"end":9231.45,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Ukraine's","start":9228.33,"end":9228.77},{"text":"maritime","start":9228.77,"end":9229.21},{"text":"exports","start":9229.21,"end":9229.61},{"text":"are","start":9229.61,"end":9229.73},{"text":"essential","start":9229.73,"end":9230.25},{"text":"to","start":9230.25,"end":9230.37},{"text":"global","start":9230.37,"end":9230.69},{"text":"food","start":9230.69,"end":9230.81},{"text":"security.","start":9230.81,"end":9231.45}]},{"text":"Disruptions to these exports threaten food supplies for up to 400 million people worldwide and risk driving up food prices, with particularly severe consequences for the most vulnerable populations.","start":9232.17,"end":9245.29,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Disruptions","start":9232.17,"end":9232.77},{"text":"to","start":9232.77,"end":9232.85},{"text":"these","start":9232.85,"end":9233.21},{"text":"exports","start":9233.21,"end":9233.61},{"text":"threaten","start":9234.41,"end":9234.89},{"text":"food","start":9234.89,"end":9235.17},{"text":"supplies","start":9235.17,"end":9235.93},{"text":"for","start":9235.93,"end":9236.61},{"text":"up","start":9236.61,"end":9236.73},{"text":"to","start":9236.73,"end":9237.05},{"text":"400","start":9237.21,"end":9237.81},{"text":"million","start":9237.85,"end":9238.17},{"text":"people","start":9238.17,"end":9238.49},{"text":"worldwide","start":9238.49,"end":9239.09},{"text":"and","start":9239.29,"end":9239.53},{"text":"risk","start":9239.53,"end":9239.85},{"text":"driving","start":9239.85,"end":9240.29},{"text":"up","start":9240.33,"end":9240.57},{"text":"food","start":9240.57,"end":9240.73},{"text":"prices,","start":9240.73,"end":9241.29},{"text":"with","start":9241.69,"end":9241.85},{"text":"particularly","start":9241.85,"end":9242.41},{"text":"severe","start":9242.41,"end":9242.89},{"text":"consequences","start":9242.89,"end":9243.61},{"text":"for","start":9243.61,"end":9243.73},{"text":"the","start":9243.73,"end":9243.85},{"text":"most","start":9243.85,"end":9244.13},{"text":"vulnerable","start":9244.13,"end":9244.65},{"text":"populations.","start":9244.65,"end":9245.29}]},{"text":"Protecting Ukraine’s maritime export routes is therefore not only a matter of regional security, but also a matter of global food security and economic stability.","start":9246.33,"end":9256.77,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Protecting","start":9246.33,"end":9246.81},{"text":"Ukraine’s","start":9246.81,"end":9247.21},{"text":"maritime","start":9247.21,"end":9247.77},{"text":"export","start":9247.77,"end":9248.25},{"text":"routes","start":9248.25,"end":9248.53},{"text":"is","start":9248.89,"end":9249.09},{"text":"therefore","start":9249.09,"end":9249.53},{"text":"not","start":9249.53,"end":9249.77},{"text":"only","start":9249.77,"end":9250.09},{"text":"a","start":9250.09,"end":9250.13},{"text":"matter","start":9250.13,"end":9250.53},{"text":"of","start":9250.53,"end":9250.65},{"text":"regional","start":9250.65,"end":9250.97},{"text":"security,","start":9250.97,"end":9251.53},{"text":"but","start":9252.17,"end":9252.49},{"text":"also","start":9252.49,"end":9252.93},{"text":"a","start":9252.93,"end":9252.97},{"text":"matter","start":9252.97,"end":9253.37},{"text":"of","start":9253.37,"end":9253.61},{"text":"global","start":9253.77,"end":9254.17},{"text":"food","start":9254.17,"end":9254.37},{"text":"security","start":9254.41,"end":9255.05},{"text":"and","start":9255.45,"end":9255.77},{"text":"economic","start":9255.81,"end":9256.21},{"text":"stability.","start":9256.21,"end":9256.77}]},{"text":"Mr. President, emerging technologies are also exploited to conceal illicit maritime activities.","start":9257.53,"end":9263.29,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":9257.53,"end":9257.81},{"text":"President,","start":9257.81,"end":9258.33},{"text":"emerging","start":9258.93,"end":9259.29},{"text":"technologies","start":9259.29,"end":9259.93},{"text":"are","start":9259.93,"end":9260.05},{"text":"also","start":9260.05,"end":9260.49},{"text":"exploited","start":9260.65,"end":9261.25},{"text":"to","start":9261.25,"end":9261.53},{"text":"conceal","start":9261.53,"end":9261.93},{"text":"illicit","start":9261.93,"end":9262.37},{"text":"maritime","start":9262.37,"end":9262.77},{"text":"activities.","start":9262.77,"end":9263.29}]},{"text":"Russia's so-called shadow fleet uses deceptive shipping practices, including the manipulation or disabling of automatic identification systems and the transmission of false vessel position data to conceal vessel movements and obscure the origin and destination of shipments.","start":9264.05,"end":9281.53,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. 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Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":9282.89,"end":9283.13},{"text":"vessels","start":9283.13,"end":9283.49},{"text":"are","start":9283.57,"end":9283.65},{"text":"used","start":9283.69,"end":9284.01},{"text":"for","start":9284.01,"end":9284.17},{"text":"the","start":9284.17,"end":9284.29},{"text":"illegal","start":9284.29,"end":9284.69},{"text":"transport","start":9284.69,"end":9285.21},{"text":"of","start":9285.21,"end":9285.37},{"text":"Russian","start":9285.37,"end":9285.77},{"text":"oil","start":9285.85,"end":9286.17},{"text":"and","start":9286.17,"end":9286.45},{"text":"petroleum","start":9286.45,"end":9286.89},{"text":"products.","start":9286.89,"end":9287.33}]},{"text":"while other vessels facilitate the illegal export of stolen Ukrainian grain from the temporarily occupied territory of Ukraine, allowing Russia to profit from its aggression.","start":9287.89,"end":9297.93,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. 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Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"while","start":9287.89,"end":9288.25},{"text":"other","start":9288.25,"end":9288.53},{"text":"vessels","start":9288.53,"end":9288.93},{"text":"facilitate","start":9288.97,"end":9289.69},{"text":"the","start":9289.69,"end":9289.81},{"text":"illegal","start":9289.81,"end":9290.33},{"text":"export","start":9290.33,"end":9290.81},{"text":"of","start":9290.81,"end":9291.05},{"text":"stolen","start":9291.05,"end":9291.45},{"text":"Ukrainian","start":9291.45,"end":9291.93},{"text":"grain","start":9291.93,"end":9292.41},{"text":"from","start":9292.41,"end":9292.65},{"text":"the","start":9292.65,"end":9292.73},{"text":"temporarily","start":9292.73,"end":9293.25},{"text":"occupied","start":9293.25,"end":9293.65},{"text":"territory","start":9293.65,"end":9294.25},{"text":"of","start":9294.25,"end":9294.41},{"text":"Ukraine,","start":9294.41,"end":9294.97},{"text":"allowing","start":9295.69,"end":9296.17},{"text":"Russia","start":9296.17,"end":9296.49},{"text":"to","start":9296.49,"end":9296.61},{"text":"profit","start":9296.61,"end":9297.01},{"text":"from","start":9297.01,"end":9297.21},{"text":"its","start":9297.21,"end":9297.37},{"text":"aggression.","start":9297.37,"end":9297.93}]},{"text":"Such activities undermine sanction enforcement, compromise maritime transparency, and pose additional risk to maritime safety and the marine environment.","start":9298.57,"end":9308.73,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":9298.57,"end":9298.85},{"text":"activities","start":9298.85,"end":9299.45},{"text":"undermine","start":9299.45,"end":9300.09},{"text":"sanction","start":9300.17,"end":9300.65},{"text":"enforcement,","start":9300.69,"end":9301.29},{"text":"compromise","start":9301.61,"end":9302.21},{"text":"maritime","start":9302.21,"end":9302.65},{"text":"transparency,","start":9302.65,"end":9303.33},{"text":"and","start":9303.33,"end":9303.61},{"text":"pose","start":9303.61,"end":9303.93},{"text":"additional","start":9303.93,"end":9304.41},{"text":"risk","start":9304.41,"end":9304.81},{"text":"to","start":9304.81,"end":9305.05},{"text":"maritime","start":9305.05,"end":9305.53},{"text":"safety","start":9305.53,"end":9306.09},{"text":"and","start":9306.41,"end":9306.65},{"text":"the","start":9306.65,"end":9306.77},{"text":"marine","start":9307.21,"end":9307.61},{"text":"environment.","start":9308.01,"end":9308.73}]},{"text":"The international community should take concrete and coordinated steps to address these threats.","start":9309.37,"end":9313.53,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9309.37,"end":9309.49},{"text":"international","start":9309.49,"end":9309.97},{"text":"community","start":9309.97,"end":9310.41},{"text":"should","start":9310.41,"end":9310.65},{"text":"take","start":9310.65,"end":9310.85},{"text":"concrete","start":9310.85,"end":9311.29},{"text":"and","start":9311.29,"end":9311.49},{"text":"coordinated","start":9311.49,"end":9312.13},{"text":"steps","start":9312.13,"end":9312.45},{"text":"to","start":9312.45,"end":9312.53},{"text":"address","start":9312.53,"end":9312.97},{"text":"these","start":9312.97,"end":9313.25},{"text":"threats.","start":9313.25,"end":9313.53}]},{"text":"First, The call for the imposition, maintenance, and strengthening of targeted sanctions against individuals, entities, and vessels engaged in illegal maritime activities, including the circumvention of sanctions relating to Russian oil and petroleum products, and the illegal exports of stolen Ukrainian grain from the territory of Ukraine temporarily occupied by the Russian Federation.","start":9314.17,"end":9336.01,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":9314.17,"end":9314.65},{"text":"The","start":9314.97,"end":9315.01},{"text":"call","start":9315.05,"end":9315.37},{"text":"for","start":9315.37,"end":9315.53},{"text":"the","start":9315.53,"end":9315.61},{"text":"imposition,","start":9315.61,"end":9316.25},{"text":"maintenance,","start":9316.25,"end":9316.89},{"text":"and","start":9316.89,"end":9317.05},{"text":"strengthening","start":9317.05,"end":9317.85},{"text":"of","start":9317.85,"end":9318.09},{"text":"targeted","start":9318.25,"end":9318.61},{"text":"sanctions","start":9318.61,"end":9319.21},{"text":"against","start":9319.21,"end":9319.53},{"text":"individuals,","start":9319.53,"end":9320.25},{"text":"entities,","start":9320.53,"end":9321.05},{"text":"and","start":9321.05,"end":9321.29},{"text":"vessels","start":9321.29,"end":9321.69},{"text":"engaged","start":9322.01,"end":9322.53},{"text":"in","start":9322.57,"end":9322.73},{"text":"illegal","start":9322.73,"end":9323.13},{"text":"maritime","start":9323.13,"end":9323.49},{"text":"activities,","start":9323.49,"end":9324.09},{"text":"including","start":9324.33,"end":9324.81},{"text":"the","start":9324.81,"end":9324.93},{"text":"circumvention","start":9324.97,"end":9325.65},{"text":"of","start":9325.65,"end":9325.73},{"text":"sanctions","start":9325.73,"end":9326.17},{"text":"relating","start":9326.17,"end":9326.61},{"text":"to","start":9326.61,"end":9326.97},{"text":"Russian","start":9326.97,"end":9327.37},{"text":"oil","start":9327.45,"end":9327.85},{"text":"and","start":9327.85,"end":9328.01},{"text":"petroleum","start":9328.01,"end":9328.45},{"text":"products,","start":9328.45,"end":9328.89},{"text":"and","start":9329.25,"end":9329.41},{"text":"the","start":9329.41,"end":9329.49},{"text":"illegal","start":9329.49,"end":9329.93},{"text":"exports","start":9329.93,"end":9330.33},{"text":"of","start":9330.37,"end":9330.45},{"text":"stolen","start":9330.45,"end":9330.81},{"text":"Ukrainian","start":9330.81,"end":9331.29},{"text":"grain","start":9331.29,"end":9331.61},{"text":"from","start":9331.61,"end":9331.85},{"text":"the","start":9331.85,"end":9331.97},{"text":"territory","start":9331.97,"end":9332.45},{"text":"of","start":9332.45,"end":9332.57},{"text":"Ukraine","start":9332.57,"end":9332.89},{"text":"temporarily","start":9332.93,"end":9333.41},{"text":"occupied","start":9333.41,"end":9334.01},{"text":"by","start":9334.41,"end":9334.73},{"text":"the","start":9334.81,"end":9334.89},{"text":"Russian","start":9334.89,"end":9335.37},{"text":"Federation.","start":9335.37,"end":9336.01}]},{"text":"Second, we urge coordinated international monitoring, information sharing, and enforcement efforts to protect freedom and safety of navigation and prevent the concealment of illicit shipping activities.","start":9336.85,"end":9347.73,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."},{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":9336.85,"end":9337.13},{"text":"we","start":9337.21,"end":9337.45},{"text":"urge","start":9337.49,"end":9337.69},{"text":"coordinated","start":9337.69,"end":9338.33},{"text":"international","start":9338.33,"end":9338.81},{"text":"monitoring,","start":9338.81,"end":9339.45},{"text":"information","start":9339.77,"end":9340.33},{"text":"sharing,","start":9340.33,"end":9340.73},{"text":"and","start":9340.81,"end":9341.13},{"text":"enforcement","start":9341.13,"end":9341.69},{"text":"efforts","start":9341.69,"end":9342.01},{"text":"to","start":9342.41,"end":9342.49},{"text":"protect","start":9342.49,"end":9342.89},{"text":"freedom","start":9342.89,"end":9343.29},{"text":"and","start":9343.29,"end":9343.45},{"text":"safety","start":9343.45,"end":9343.85},{"text":"of","start":9343.85,"end":9344.01},{"text":"navigation","start":9344.01,"end":9344.53},{"text":"and","start":9344.53,"end":9344.73},{"text":"prevent","start":9344.73,"end":9345.13},{"text":"the","start":9345.13,"end":9345.29},{"text":"concealment","start":9345.37,"end":9346.01},{"text":"of","start":9346.01,"end":9346.17},{"text":"illicit","start":9346.17,"end":9346.73},{"text":"shipping","start":9346.81,"end":9347.17},{"text":"activities.","start":9347.21,"end":9347.73}]},{"text":"Third, the Russian Federation must be held accountable for its attacks against civilian vessels, including search and rescue vessels, and port infrastructure, as well as for the environmental damage caused by its war of aggression against Ukraine.","start":9348.65,"end":9360.97,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":9348.65,"end":9348.97},{"text":"the","start":9349.45,"end":9349.61},{"text":"Russian","start":9349.61,"end":9349.85},{"text":"Federation","start":9349.85,"end":9350.33},{"text":"must","start":9350.33,"end":9350.53},{"text":"be","start":9350.53,"end":9350.61},{"text":"held","start":9350.61,"end":9350.85},{"text":"accountable","start":9350.85,"end":9351.45},{"text":"for","start":9351.45,"end":9351.61},{"text":"its","start":9351.61,"end":9351.73},{"text":"attacks","start":9351.73,"end":9352.09},{"text":"against","start":9352.09,"end":9352.45},{"text":"civilian","start":9352.45,"end":9352.81},{"text":"vessels,","start":9352.81,"end":9353.17},{"text":"including","start":9353.61,"end":9354.09},{"text":"search","start":9354.09,"end":9354.41},{"text":"and","start":9354.41,"end":9354.53},{"text":"rescue","start":9354.53,"end":9354.85},{"text":"vessels,","start":9354.85,"end":9355.25},{"text":"and","start":9355.61,"end":9355.89},{"text":"port","start":9355.93,"end":9356.13},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":9356.13,"end":9356.89},{"text":"as","start":9357.13,"end":9357.29},{"text":"well","start":9357.29,"end":9357.61},{"text":"as","start":9357.61,"end":9357.69},{"text":"for","start":9357.69,"end":9357.85},{"text":"the","start":9357.85,"end":9357.93},{"text":"environmental","start":9357.93,"end":9358.57},{"text":"damage","start":9358.57,"end":9358.97},{"text":"caused","start":9358.97,"end":9359.25},{"text":"by","start":9359.25,"end":9359.41},{"text":"its","start":9359.41,"end":9359.61},{"text":"war","start":9359.61,"end":9359.77},{"text":"of","start":9359.77,"end":9359.85},{"text":"aggression","start":9359.85,"end":9360.29},{"text":"against","start":9360.29,"end":9360.61},{"text":"Ukraine.","start":9360.61,"end":9360.97}]},{"text":"At the same time, artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, And advanced surveillance technologies can improve maritime domain awareness, facilitate early warning, and strengthen the protection of vessels, port, and CFRs.","start":9361.93,"end":9375.53,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. 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They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."},{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair 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you, Mr. President.","start":9423.45,"end":9424.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9423.45,"end":9423.65},{"text":"you,","start":9423.65,"end":9423.73},{"text":"Mr.","start":9423.73,"end":9423.97},{"text":"President.","start":9423.97,"end":9424.33}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"UKR","group":null,"function":"State Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs","affiliation_full":"Ukraine"}},{"statement_number":40,"start":9424.73,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=2:37:05","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank His Excellency Mr. Karasevich for the statement.","start":9424.73,"end":9429.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9424.73,"end":9424.89},{"text":"thank","start":9424.89,"end":9425.13},{"text":"His","start":9425.13,"end":9425.37},{"text":"Excellency","start":9425.37,"end":9426.01},{"text":"Mr.","start":9426.01,"end":9426.41},{"text":"Karasevich","start":9426.41,"end":9427.41},{"text":"for","start":9427.93,"end":9428.17},{"text":"the","start":9428.33,"end":9428.53},{"text":"statement.","start":9428.53,"end":9429.29}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to His Excellency Mr. Edwin Tong, Minister for Law and Second Minister for Home Affairs of Singapore.","start":9429.29,"end":9438.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9429.29,"end":9429.37},{"text":"now","start":9429.37,"end":9429.69},{"text":"give","start":9429.69,"end":9429.93},{"text":"the","start":9429.93,"end":9430.05},{"text":"floor","start":9430.05,"end":9430.33},{"text":"to","start":9430.33,"end":9430.49},{"text":"His","start":9430.49,"end":9430.73},{"text":"Excellency","start":9430.73,"end":9431.53},{"text":"Mr.","start":9431.53,"end":9432.01},{"text":"Edwin","start":9432.01,"end":9432.49},{"text":"Tong,","start":9432.49,"end":9432.89},{"text":"Minister","start":9433.21,"end":9433.85},{"text":"for","start":9433.85,"end":9434.25},{"text":"Law","start":9434.25,"end":9434.65},{"text":"and","start":9434.65,"end":9434.89},{"text":"Second","start":9434.89,"end":9435.21},{"text":"Minister","start":9435.21,"end":9435.85},{"text":"for","start":9435.85,"end":9436.05},{"text":"Home","start":9436.05,"end":9436.33},{"text":"Affairs","start":9436.33,"end":9436.81},{"text":"of","start":9437.05,"end":9437.21},{"text":"Singapore.","start":9437.21,"end":9438.01}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GRC","group":null,"function":"President of the Security Council","affiliation_full":"Greece"}},{"statement_number":41,"start":9440.01,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=2:37:21","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the Greek Presidency for convening this very timely briefing and the briefers for their invaluable insights.","start":9440.01,"end":9445.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9440.01,"end":9440.09},{"text":"thank","start":9440.09,"end":9440.33},{"text":"the","start":9440.33,"end":9440.41},{"text":"Greek","start":9440.41,"end":9440.65},{"text":"Presidency","start":9440.65,"end":9441.29},{"text":"for","start":9441.29,"end":9441.61},{"text":"convening","start":9441.61,"end":9442.05},{"text":"this","start":9442.05,"end":9442.25},{"text":"very","start":9442.25,"end":9442.45},{"text":"timely","start":9442.45,"end":9442.81},{"text":"briefing","start":9442.81,"end":9443.33},{"text":"and","start":9443.33,"end":9443.45},{"text":"the","start":9443.45,"end":9443.57},{"text":"briefers","start":9443.57,"end":9443.97},{"text":"for","start":9444.01,"end":9444.17},{"text":"their","start":9444.17,"end":9444.29},{"text":"invaluable","start":9444.29,"end":9444.81},{"text":"insights.","start":9444.81,"end":9445.45}]},{"text":"We thank the Prime Minister of Greece for his leadership on this very important issue.","start":9446.01,"end":9450.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9446.01,"end":9446.17},{"text":"thank","start":9446.17,"end":9446.41},{"text":"the","start":9446.41,"end":9446.57},{"text":"Prime","start":9446.57,"end":9446.85},{"text":"Minister","start":9446.85,"end":9447.25},{"text":"of","start":9447.25,"end":9447.37},{"text":"Greece","start":9447.37,"end":9447.85},{"text":"for","start":9448.25,"end":9448.41},{"text":"his","start":9448.41,"end":9448.53},{"text":"leadership","start":9448.53,"end":9448.97},{"text":"on","start":9449.21,"end":9449.33},{"text":"this","start":9449.33,"end":9449.49},{"text":"very","start":9449.49,"end":9449.69},{"text":"important","start":9449.69,"end":9450.09},{"text":"issue.","start":9450.09,"end":9450.49}]},{"text":"I have the honour to deliver this statement on behalf of Fiji, Jamaica, Malta and my country, Singapore.","start":9451.29,"end":9457.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9451.29,"end":9451.37},{"text":"have","start":9451.37,"end":9451.53},{"text":"the","start":9451.53,"end":9451.65},{"text":"honour","start":9451.65,"end":9451.97},{"text":"to","start":9451.97,"end":9452.05},{"text":"deliver","start":9452.09,"end":9452.53},{"text":"this","start":9452.53,"end":9452.65},{"text":"statement","start":9452.65,"end":9453.13},{"text":"on","start":9453.13,"end":9453.29},{"text":"behalf","start":9453.29,"end":9453.65},{"text":"of","start":9453.65,"end":9453.77},{"text":"Fiji,","start":9453.77,"end":9454.33},{"text":"Jamaica,","start":9454.49,"end":9455.05},{"text":"Malta","start":9455.13,"end":9455.69},{"text":"and","start":9455.89,"end":9456.01},{"text":"my","start":9456.01,"end":9456.17},{"text":"country,","start":9456.17,"end":9456.73},{"text":"Singapore.","start":9456.73,"end":9457.29}]},{"text":"Mr. President, the oceans connect people and cultures, and vital maritime arteries facilitate trade and prosperity around the world.","start":9458.57,"end":9466.69,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":9458.57,"end":9458.85},{"text":"President,","start":9458.85,"end":9459.37},{"text":"the","start":9459.77,"end":9459.89},{"text":"oceans","start":9459.93,"end":9460.41},{"text":"connect","start":9460.41,"end":9460.77},{"text":"people","start":9460.81,"end":9461.29},{"text":"and","start":9461.29,"end":9461.45},{"text":"cultures,","start":9461.45,"end":9461.93},{"text":"and","start":9462.21,"end":9462.41},{"text":"vital","start":9462.41,"end":9462.73},{"text":"maritime","start":9462.73,"end":9463.29},{"text":"arteries","start":9463.29,"end":9463.93},{"text":"facilitate","start":9464.25,"end":9464.81},{"text":"trade","start":9464.81,"end":9465.17},{"text":"and","start":9465.17,"end":9465.29},{"text":"prosperity","start":9465.29,"end":9465.93},{"text":"around","start":9465.93,"end":9466.29},{"text":"the","start":9466.29,"end":9466.37},{"text":"world.","start":9466.37,"end":9466.69}]},{"text":"For small maritime nations, safety and security in the oceans and seas is critical.","start":9467.61,"end":9472.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":9467.61,"end":9467.77},{"text":"small","start":9467.77,"end":9468.09},{"text":"maritime","start":9468.09,"end":9468.53},{"text":"nations,","start":9468.53,"end":9469.05},{"text":"safety","start":9469.21,"end":9469.69},{"text":"and","start":9469.69,"end":9469.81},{"text":"security","start":9469.81,"end":9470.37},{"text":"in","start":9470.37,"end":9470.45},{"text":"the","start":9470.45,"end":9470.53},{"text":"oceans","start":9470.53,"end":9471.01},{"text":"and","start":9471.01,"end":9471.17},{"text":"seas","start":9471.17,"end":9471.61},{"text":"is","start":9471.93,"end":9472.09},{"text":"critical.","start":9472.09,"end":9472.65}]},{"text":"Our countries actively contributed to the negotiations and conclusion of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seas, or UNCLOS.","start":9474.17,"end":9483.25,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":9474.17,"end":9474.21},{"text":"countries","start":9474.21,"end":9474.77},{"text":"actively","start":9474.85,"end":9475.41},{"text":"contributed","start":9475.41,"end":9476.29},{"text":"to","start":9476.45,"end":9476.61},{"text":"the","start":9476.61,"end":9476.69},{"text":"negotiations","start":9476.69,"end":9477.49},{"text":"and","start":9477.49,"end":9477.61},{"text":"conclusion","start":9477.61,"end":9478.37},{"text":"of","start":9478.61,"end":9478.77},{"text":"the","start":9478.77,"end":9478.85},{"text":"United","start":9479.01,"end":9479.33},{"text":"Nations","start":9479.33,"end":9479.73},{"text":"Convention","start":9479.73,"end":9480.37},{"text":"on","start":9480.45,"end":9480.61},{"text":"the","start":9480.61,"end":9480.69},{"text":"Law","start":9480.69,"end":9480.81},{"text":"of","start":9480.81,"end":9480.93},{"text":"the","start":9480.93,"end":9481.05},{"text":"Seas,","start":9481.05,"end":9481.57},{"text":"or","start":9482.05,"end":9482.13},{"text":"UNCLOS.","start":9482.21,"end":9483.25}]},{"text":"We remain committed to upholding it as the legal framework within which all activities in the oceans and seas must be carried out.","start":9483.97,"end":9491.65,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9483.97,"end":9484.13},{"text":"remain","start":9484.13,"end":9484.45},{"text":"committed","start":9484.45,"end":9484.89},{"text":"to","start":9484.89,"end":9484.97},{"text":"upholding","start":9484.97,"end":9485.41},{"text":"it","start":9485.41,"end":9485.65},{"text":"as","start":9485.73,"end":9485.89},{"text":"the","start":9485.89,"end":9486.01},{"text":"legal","start":9486.01,"end":9486.37},{"text":"framework","start":9486.37,"end":9486.85},{"text":"within","start":9487.01,"end":9487.33},{"text":"which","start":9487.33,"end":9487.57},{"text":"all","start":9487.57,"end":9487.89},{"text":"activities","start":9487.89,"end":9488.49},{"text":"in","start":9488.49,"end":9488.61},{"text":"the","start":9488.61,"end":9488.73},{"text":"oceans","start":9489.01,"end":9489.53},{"text":"and","start":9489.53,"end":9489.65},{"text":"seas","start":9489.65,"end":9490.05},{"text":"must","start":9490.61,"end":9490.89},{"text":"be","start":9490.89,"end":9491.01},{"text":"carried","start":9491.01,"end":9491.41},{"text":"out.","start":9491.41,"end":9491.65}]},{"text":"Today, emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and autonomous ships carry both great promise and challenges for maritime security.","start":9492.85,"end":9501.81,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."},{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"Today,","start":9492.85,"end":9493.41},{"text":"emerging","start":9493.41,"end":9493.89},{"text":"technologies","start":9493.89,"end":9494.61},{"text":"such","start":9494.61,"end":9494.93},{"text":"as","start":9494.93,"end":9495.09},{"text":"artificial","start":9495.09,"end":9495.45},{"text":"intelligence","start":9495.45,"end":9496.21},{"text":"and","start":9496.29,"end":9496.49},{"text":"autonomous","start":9496.49,"end":9497.01},{"text":"ships","start":9497.01,"end":9497.41},{"text":"carry","start":9497.81,"end":9498.13},{"text":"both","start":9498.13,"end":9498.45},{"text":"great","start":9498.53,"end":9498.77},{"text":"promise","start":9498.77,"end":9499.33},{"text":"and","start":9499.65,"end":9499.85},{"text":"challenges","start":9499.85,"end":9500.37},{"text":"for","start":9500.45,"end":9500.65},{"text":"maritime","start":9500.65,"end":9501.09},{"text":"security.","start":9501.09,"end":9501.81}]},{"text":"Allow me to make three points.","start":9502.57,"end":9504.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Allow","start":9502.57,"end":9502.69},{"text":"me","start":9502.69,"end":9502.97},{"text":"to","start":9502.97,"end":9503.05},{"text":"make","start":9503.05,"end":9503.29},{"text":"three","start":9503.29,"end":9503.45},{"text":"points.","start":9503.45,"end":9504.01}]},{"text":"First, innovation, safety, and security should advance hand in hand.","start":9504.73,"end":9510.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":9504.73,"end":9505.21},{"text":"innovation,","start":9505.53,"end":9506.25},{"text":"safety,","start":9506.41,"end":9507.05},{"text":"and","start":9507.45,"end":9507.61},{"text":"security","start":9507.61,"end":9508.33},{"text":"should","start":9508.65,"end":9508.89},{"text":"advance","start":9508.89,"end":9509.45},{"text":"hand","start":9509.61,"end":9509.85},{"text":"in","start":9509.85,"end":9509.93},{"text":"hand.","start":9509.93,"end":9510.25}]},{"text":"The international community must work together to harness new technologies to strengthen maritime safety and security, whilst at the same time upholding and respecting navigational rights and freedoms in accordance with UNCLOS.","start":9510.89,"end":9524.97,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. 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They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":9525.61,"end":9525.77},{"text":"example,","start":9525.77,"end":9526.33},{"text":"AI","start":9526.57,"end":9526.73},{"text":"can","start":9526.73,"end":9526.97},{"text":"enhance","start":9526.97,"end":9527.45},{"text":"maritime","start":9527.45,"end":9527.93},{"text":"domain","start":9527.93,"end":9528.29},{"text":"awareness","start":9528.29,"end":9528.89},{"text":"by","start":9528.89,"end":9529.13},{"text":"improving","start":9529.13,"end":9529.61},{"text":"navigational,","start":9529.61,"end":9530.41},{"text":"communications,","start":9530.49,"end":9531.45},{"text":"and","start":9532.01,"end":9532.17},{"text":"early","start":9532.17,"end":9532.49},{"text":"warning","start":9532.49,"end":9532.89},{"text":"systems","start":9532.89,"end":9533.45},{"text":"for","start":9533.45,"end":9533.73},{"text":"all","start":9533.73,"end":9533.85},{"text":"States.","start":9533.85,"end":9534.41}]},{"text":"These benefits must, however, be underpinned by robust safeguards that promote accountability, transparency and human oversight.","start":9535.21,"end":9543.53,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":9535.21,"end":9535.53},{"text":"benefits","start":9535.53,"end":9536.09},{"text":"must,","start":9536.09,"end":9536.49},{"text":"however,","start":9536.73,"end":9537.37},{"text":"be","start":9537.37,"end":9537.61},{"text":"underpinned","start":9537.61,"end":9538.13},{"text":"by","start":9538.13,"end":9538.33},{"text":"robust","start":9538.33,"end":9538.77},{"text":"safeguards","start":9538.77,"end":9539.29},{"text":"that","start":9539.37,"end":9539.53},{"text":"promote","start":9539.53,"end":9539.89},{"text":"accountability,","start":9539.89,"end":9540.89},{"text":"transparency","start":9541.37,"end":9542.33},{"text":"and","start":9542.33,"end":9542.53},{"text":"human","start":9542.53,"end":9542.89},{"text":"oversight.","start":9542.89,"end":9543.53}]},{"text":"Such safeguards will help to ensure that AI does not undermine maritime safety and security or international law, including UNCLOS.","start":9544.41,"end":9553.61,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":9544.41,"end":9544.73},{"text":"safeguards","start":9544.73,"end":9545.45},{"text":"will","start":9545.45,"end":9545.61},{"text":"help","start":9545.61,"end":9545.85},{"text":"to","start":9545.85,"end":9545.97},{"text":"ensure","start":9545.97,"end":9546.57},{"text":"that","start":9546.57,"end":9546.81},{"text":"AI","start":9546.89,"end":9547.21},{"text":"does","start":9547.21,"end":9547.61},{"text":"not","start":9547.69,"end":9547.93},{"text":"undermine","start":9548.09,"end":9548.81},{"text":"maritime","start":9548.89,"end":9549.37},{"text":"safety","start":9549.37,"end":9549.81},{"text":"and","start":9549.81,"end":9549.93},{"text":"security","start":9549.93,"end":9550.57},{"text":"or","start":9551.13,"end":9551.29},{"text":"international","start":9551.29,"end":9551.97},{"text":"law,","start":9551.97,"end":9552.05},{"text":"including","start":9552.05,"end":9552.57},{"text":"UNCLOS.","start":9552.57,"end":9553.61}]},{"text":"We therefore welcome the adoption of the IMO’s non-mandatory Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships Code.","start":9554.33,"end":9560.09,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9554.33,"end":9554.57},{"text":"therefore","start":9554.57,"end":9554.97},{"text":"welcome","start":9554.97,"end":9555.37},{"text":"the","start":9555.37,"end":9555.49},{"text":"adoption","start":9555.49,"end":9555.97},{"text":"of","start":9555.97,"end":9556.09},{"text":"the","start":9556.13,"end":9556.21},{"text":"IMO’s","start":9556.29,"end":9556.73},{"text":"non-mandatory","start":9556.73,"end":9557.61},{"text":"Maritime","start":9557.61,"end":9558.13},{"text":"Autonomous","start":9558.13,"end":9558.73},{"text":"Surface","start":9558.89,"end":9559.37},{"text":"Ships","start":9559.37,"end":9559.69},{"text":"Code.","start":9559.69,"end":9560.09}]},{"text":"and support continued efforts towards the development of a mandatory framework, ensuring the safe integration of autonomous and remotely operated commercial ships into global shipping.","start":9560.97,"end":9572.41,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":9560.97,"end":9561.05},{"text":"support","start":9561.05,"end":9561.53},{"text":"continued","start":9561.53,"end":9562.05},{"text":"efforts","start":9562.17,"end":9562.73},{"text":"towards","start":9563.37,"end":9563.73},{"text":"the","start":9563.73,"end":9563.85},{"text":"development","start":9563.85,"end":9564.45},{"text":"of","start":9564.49,"end":9564.69},{"text":"a","start":9564.69,"end":9564.73},{"text":"mandatory","start":9564.73,"end":9565.29},{"text":"framework,","start":9565.29,"end":9565.93},{"text":"ensuring","start":9566.41,"end":9566.97},{"text":"the","start":9566.97,"end":9567.05},{"text":"safe","start":9567.05,"end":9567.37},{"text":"integration","start":9567.37,"end":9568.09},{"text":"of","start":9568.09,"end":9568.25},{"text":"autonomous","start":9568.29,"end":9568.89},{"text":"and","start":9569.37,"end":9569.53},{"text":"remotely","start":9569.53,"end":9570.01},{"text":"operated","start":9570.01,"end":9570.49},{"text":"commercial","start":9570.49,"end":9570.97},{"text":"ships","start":9570.97,"end":9571.37},{"text":"into","start":9571.37,"end":9571.69},{"text":"global","start":9571.69,"end":9572.01},{"text":"shipping.","start":9572.01,"end":9572.41}]},{"text":"We also support broader international efforts to advance responsible AI governance, including through the Global Dialogue on AI Governance and Global Digital Impact Compact.","start":9573.29,"end":9584.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9573.29,"end":9573.45},{"text":"also","start":9573.45,"end":9573.77},{"text":"support","start":9573.77,"end":9574.17},{"text":"broader","start":9574.25,"end":9574.65},{"text":"international","start":9574.65,"end":9575.17},{"text":"efforts","start":9575.17,"end":9575.53},{"text":"to","start":9575.53,"end":9575.65},{"text":"advance","start":9575.65,"end":9576.25},{"text":"responsible","start":9576.25,"end":9577.13},{"text":"AI","start":9577.21,"end":9577.45},{"text":"governance,","start":9577.45,"end":9578.09},{"text":"including","start":9578.49,"end":9579.05},{"text":"through","start":9579.05,"end":9579.37},{"text":"the","start":9579.37,"end":9579.53},{"text":"Global","start":9579.53,"end":9579.85},{"text":"Dialogue","start":9579.85,"end":9580.29},{"text":"on","start":9580.29,"end":9580.41},{"text":"AI","start":9580.49,"end":9580.65},{"text":"Governance","start":9580.65,"end":9581.21},{"text":"and","start":9581.61,"end":9581.81},{"text":"Global","start":9581.81,"end":9582.33},{"text":"Digital","start":9582.49,"end":9582.97},{"text":"Impact","start":9582.97,"end":9583.53},{"text":"Compact.","start":9583.61,"end":9584.17}]},{"text":"Second, we must collectively guard against the weaponisation of new technologies.","start":9585.37,"end":9590.25,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":9585.37,"end":9586.01},{"text":"we","start":9586.17,"end":9586.37},{"text":"must","start":9586.37,"end":9586.65},{"text":"collectively","start":9586.65,"end":9587.13},{"text":"guard","start":9587.13,"end":9587.37},{"text":"against","start":9587.37,"end":9587.89},{"text":"the","start":9588.01,"end":9588.21},{"text":"weaponisation","start":9588.21,"end":9588.97},{"text":"of","start":9588.97,"end":9589.13},{"text":"new","start":9589.13,"end":9589.37},{"text":"technologies.","start":9589.37,"end":9590.25}]},{"text":"They can be deployed to disrupt or damage critical underwater infrastructure, including subsea cable networks.","start":9590.97,"end":9597.85,"topics":[{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":9590.97,"end":9591.05},{"text":"can","start":9591.05,"end":9591.21},{"text":"be","start":9591.21,"end":9591.37},{"text":"deployed","start":9591.37,"end":9591.73},{"text":"to","start":9591.73,"end":9591.93},{"text":"disrupt","start":9591.93,"end":9592.49},{"text":"or","start":9592.73,"end":9592.93},{"text":"damage","start":9592.93,"end":9593.45},{"text":"critical","start":9593.53,"end":9594.09},{"text":"underwater","start":9594.09,"end":9594.57},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":9594.57,"end":9595.45},{"text":"including","start":9595.77,"end":9596.33},{"text":"subsea","start":9596.33,"end":9596.81},{"text":"cable","start":9596.81,"end":9597.21},{"text":"networks.","start":9597.21,"end":9597.85}]},{"text":"Drones or autonomous vessels can be used to interfere with the safe passage of ships.","start":9598.73,"end":9603.53,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."},{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"Drones","start":9598.73,"end":9599.21},{"text":"or","start":9599.21,"end":9599.45},{"text":"autonomous","start":9599.45,"end":9599.89},{"text":"vessels","start":9599.89,"end":9600.41},{"text":"can","start":9600.41,"end":9600.69},{"text":"be","start":9600.69,"end":9600.81},{"text":"used","start":9600.81,"end":9601.13},{"text":"to","start":9601.13,"end":9601.21},{"text":"interfere","start":9601.21,"end":9601.93},{"text":"with","start":9601.93,"end":9602.05},{"text":"the","start":9602.05,"end":9602.17},{"text":"safe","start":9602.17,"end":9602.57},{"text":"passage","start":9602.57,"end":9602.97},{"text":"of","start":9602.97,"end":9603.05},{"text":"ships.","start":9603.05,"end":9603.53}]},{"text":"Recent attacks against civilian vessels have further highlighted the risks to maritime safety and the protection of seafarers.","start":9604.25,"end":9611.53,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"Recent","start":9604.25,"end":9604.69},{"text":"attacks","start":9604.69,"end":9605.13},{"text":"against","start":9605.13,"end":9605.61},{"text":"civilian","start":9605.61,"end":9606.17},{"text":"vessels","start":9606.17,"end":9606.65},{"text":"have","start":9606.65,"end":9606.85},{"text":"further","start":9606.85,"end":9607.21},{"text":"highlighted","start":9607.21,"end":9607.69},{"text":"the","start":9607.69,"end":9607.77},{"text":"risks","start":9607.77,"end":9608.17},{"text":"to","start":9608.57,"end":9608.69},{"text":"maritime","start":9608.69,"end":9609.13},{"text":"safety","start":9609.13,"end":9609.69},{"text":"and","start":9609.85,"end":9609.97},{"text":"the","start":9609.97,"end":9610.05},{"text":"protection","start":9610.05,"end":9610.57},{"text":"of","start":9610.57,"end":9610.69},{"text":"seafarers.","start":9610.69,"end":9611.53}]},{"text":"Cyberattacks pose real-world consequences for maritime security.","start":9612.41,"end":9616.57,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"Cyberattacks","start":9612.41,"end":9613.37},{"text":"pose","start":9613.45,"end":9613.77},{"text":"real-world","start":9613.77,"end":9614.33},{"text":"consequences","start":9614.33,"end":9615.13},{"text":"for","start":9615.29,"end":9615.45},{"text":"maritime","start":9615.45,"end":9615.85},{"text":"security.","start":9615.85,"end":9616.57}]},{"text":"including the disabling of critical board systems, compromising navigational safety, and disrupting port operations.","start":9617.21,"end":9624.97,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"including","start":9617.21,"end":9617.85},{"text":"the","start":9617.85,"end":9617.97},{"text":"disabling","start":9617.97,"end":9618.53},{"text":"of","start":9618.53,"end":9618.65},{"text":"critical","start":9618.65,"end":9619.05},{"text":"board","start":9619.05,"end":9619.37},{"text":"systems,","start":9619.61,"end":9620.33},{"text":"compromising","start":9620.49,"end":9621.29},{"text":"navigational","start":9621.29,"end":9621.93},{"text":"safety,","start":9621.93,"end":9622.49},{"text":"and","start":9622.97,"end":9623.17},{"text":"disrupting","start":9623.17,"end":9623.85},{"text":"port","start":9623.93,"end":9624.17},{"text":"operations.","start":9624.17,"end":9624.97}]},{"text":"Such technologies could also be exploited to take control of vessels for unlawful purposes.","start":9625.45,"end":9631.21,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."},{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":9625.45,"end":9625.85},{"text":"technologies","start":9625.85,"end":9626.57},{"text":"could","start":9626.57,"end":9626.77},{"text":"also","start":9626.77,"end":9627.13},{"text":"be","start":9627.13,"end":9627.29},{"text":"exploited","start":9627.29,"end":9627.89},{"text":"to","start":9627.89,"end":9628.05},{"text":"take","start":9628.09,"end":9628.29},{"text":"control","start":9628.29,"end":9628.73},{"text":"of","start":9628.73,"end":9628.81},{"text":"vessels","start":9628.81,"end":9629.37},{"text":"for","start":9629.69,"end":9629.93},{"text":"unlawful","start":9629.93,"end":9630.41},{"text":"purposes.","start":9630.41,"end":9631.21}]},{"text":"Third, the international community must guard against all actions that threaten international peace and security.","start":9632.41,"end":9639.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":9632.41,"end":9632.81},{"text":"the","start":9633.69,"end":9633.77},{"text":"international","start":9633.77,"end":9634.25},{"text":"community","start":9634.25,"end":9634.65},{"text":"must","start":9634.65,"end":9634.93},{"text":"guard","start":9634.93,"end":9635.13},{"text":"against","start":9635.13,"end":9635.57},{"text":"all","start":9635.57,"end":9635.85},{"text":"actions","start":9635.85,"end":9636.41},{"text":"that","start":9636.49,"end":9636.69},{"text":"threaten","start":9636.69,"end":9637.13},{"text":"international","start":9637.21,"end":9637.77},{"text":"peace","start":9637.77,"end":9638.25},{"text":"and","start":9638.33,"end":9638.61},{"text":"security.","start":9638.61,"end":9639.29}]},{"text":"We must reject unlawful restrictions on transit passage through straits, used for international navigation.","start":9640.41,"end":9647.49,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9640.41,"end":9640.61},{"text":"must","start":9640.61,"end":9640.97},{"text":"reject","start":9640.97,"end":9641.53},{"text":"unlawful","start":9641.69,"end":9642.25},{"text":"restrictions","start":9642.25,"end":9642.85},{"text":"on","start":9642.85,"end":9642.97},{"text":"transit","start":9642.97,"end":9643.45},{"text":"passage","start":9643.45,"end":9643.93},{"text":"through","start":9644.01,"end":9644.33},{"text":"straits,","start":9644.33,"end":9644.81},{"text":"used","start":9645.57,"end":9645.77},{"text":"for","start":9645.77,"end":9645.93},{"text":"international","start":9645.93,"end":9646.61},{"text":"navigation.","start":9646.61,"end":9647.49}]},{"text":"These include actions that deny, hamper, impede, impair, or suspend the right of transit passage through straits used for international navigation.","start":9648.13,"end":9658.85,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":9648.13,"end":9648.45},{"text":"include","start":9648.45,"end":9648.85},{"text":"actions","start":9648.85,"end":9649.41},{"text":"that","start":9649.41,"end":9649.57},{"text":"deny,","start":9649.57,"end":9649.97},{"text":"hamper,","start":9650.53,"end":9651.09},{"text":"impede,","start":9651.33,"end":9651.89},{"text":"impair,","start":9652.29,"end":9652.93},{"text":"or","start":9653.33,"end":9653.57},{"text":"suspend","start":9653.57,"end":9654.21},{"text":"the","start":9654.53,"end":9654.65},{"text":"right","start":9654.65,"end":9654.81},{"text":"of","start":9654.81,"end":9655.01},{"text":"transit","start":9655.01,"end":9655.45},{"text":"passage","start":9655.45,"end":9655.97},{"text":"through","start":9656.37,"end":9656.61},{"text":"straits","start":9656.61,"end":9657.17},{"text":"used","start":9657.17,"end":9657.57},{"text":"for","start":9657.57,"end":9657.69},{"text":"international","start":9657.69,"end":9658.17},{"text":"navigation.","start":9658.17,"end":9658.85}]},{"text":"Such actions would constitute violations of UNCLOS.","start":9659.49,"end":9663.25,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":9659.49,"end":9659.89},{"text":"actions","start":9659.89,"end":9660.45},{"text":"would","start":9660.61,"end":9660.77},{"text":"constitute","start":9660.77,"end":9661.33},{"text":"violations","start":9661.57,"end":9662.25},{"text":"of","start":9662.25,"end":9662.33},{"text":"UNCLOS.","start":9662.33,"end":9663.25}]},{"text":"The right of transit passage is also firmly entrenched in customary international law.","start":9664.29,"end":9668.97,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9664.29,"end":9664.37},{"text":"right","start":9664.37,"end":9664.57},{"text":"of","start":9664.57,"end":9664.69},{"text":"transit","start":9664.69,"end":9665.05},{"text":"passage","start":9665.05,"end":9665.49},{"text":"is","start":9665.49,"end":9665.65},{"text":"also","start":9665.65,"end":9666.05},{"text":"firmly","start":9666.05,"end":9666.41},{"text":"entrenched","start":9666.41,"end":9667.01},{"text":"in","start":9667.09,"end":9667.33},{"text":"customary","start":9667.33,"end":9668.05},{"text":"international","start":9668.05,"end":9668.89},{"text":"law.","start":9668.89,"end":9668.97}]},{"text":"It is therefore binding on all States, regardless of whether they are parties to UNCLOS, in times of peace and war.","start":9669.85,"end":9676.01,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":9669.85,"end":9669.89},{"text":"is","start":9669.89,"end":9670.01},{"text":"therefore","start":9670.01,"end":9670.33},{"text":"binding","start":9670.33,"end":9670.81},{"text":"on","start":9670.81,"end":9670.97},{"text":"all","start":9670.97,"end":9671.21},{"text":"States,","start":9671.21,"end":9671.77},{"text":"regardless","start":9671.85,"end":9672.41},{"text":"of","start":9672.41,"end":9672.49},{"text":"whether","start":9672.49,"end":9672.73},{"text":"they","start":9672.73,"end":9672.81},{"text":"are","start":9672.81,"end":9672.89},{"text":"parties","start":9672.89,"end":9673.25},{"text":"to","start":9673.25,"end":9673.33},{"text":"UNCLOS,","start":9673.33,"end":9674.25},{"text":"in","start":9674.25,"end":9674.33},{"text":"times","start":9674.33,"end":9674.65},{"text":"of","start":9674.69,"end":9674.77},{"text":"peace","start":9674.77,"end":9675.29},{"text":"and","start":9675.37,"end":9675.69},{"text":"war.","start":9675.69,"end":9676.01}]},{"text":"Therefore, developments in the Straits of Hormuz have wider implications for navigational rights and freedoms across the globe.","start":9677.05,"end":9683.85,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":9677.05,"end":9677.69},{"text":"developments","start":9677.77,"end":9678.37},{"text":"in","start":9678.37,"end":9678.49},{"text":"the","start":9678.49,"end":9678.57},{"text":"Straits","start":9678.57,"end":9678.85},{"text":"of","start":9678.85,"end":9678.97},{"text":"Hormuz","start":9678.97,"end":9679.53},{"text":"have","start":9679.61,"end":9679.85},{"text":"wider","start":9679.85,"end":9680.21},{"text":"implications","start":9680.21,"end":9680.89},{"text":"for","start":9680.89,"end":9681.05},{"text":"navigational","start":9681.05,"end":9681.65},{"text":"rights","start":9681.65,"end":9681.97},{"text":"and","start":9681.97,"end":9682.09},{"text":"freedoms","start":9682.09,"end":9682.65},{"text":"across","start":9682.97,"end":9683.45},{"text":"the","start":9683.45,"end":9683.53},{"text":"globe.","start":9683.53,"end":9683.85}]},{"text":"When transit passage is disrupted, consequences reverberate across the global economy.","start":9684.61,"end":9689.69,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":9684.61,"end":9684.89},{"text":"transit","start":9684.89,"end":9685.29},{"text":"passage","start":9685.29,"end":9685.69},{"text":"is","start":9685.69,"end":9685.77},{"text":"disrupted,","start":9685.77,"end":9686.37},{"text":"consequences","start":9686.65,"end":9687.45},{"text":"reverberate","start":9687.45,"end":9688.01},{"text":"across","start":9688.01,"end":9688.57},{"text":"the","start":9688.73,"end":9688.85},{"text":"global","start":9688.85,"end":9689.17},{"text":"economy.","start":9689.17,"end":9689.69}]},{"text":"Mr. President, this is why shared rules like UNCLOS matter.","start":9690.97,"end":9695.89,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":9690.97,"end":9691.25},{"text":"President,","start":9691.25,"end":9691.77},{"text":"this","start":9692.57,"end":9692.73},{"text":"is","start":9692.73,"end":9692.89},{"text":"why","start":9692.89,"end":9693.21},{"text":"shared","start":9693.45,"end":9693.93},{"text":"rules","start":9693.93,"end":9694.21},{"text":"like","start":9694.21,"end":9694.33},{"text":"UNCLOS","start":9694.33,"end":9695.37},{"text":"matter.","start":9695.45,"end":9695.89}]},{"text":"In defending them, we defend our collective interest.","start":9696.57,"end":9699.53,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9696.57,"end":9696.73},{"text":"defending","start":9696.73,"end":9697.21},{"text":"them,","start":9697.21,"end":9697.53},{"text":"we","start":9697.77,"end":9697.97},{"text":"defend","start":9697.97,"end":9698.41},{"text":"our","start":9698.41,"end":9698.53},{"text":"collective","start":9698.53,"end":9698.97},{"text":"interest.","start":9698.97,"end":9699.53}]},{"text":"We stand ready to work with the international community to uphold the safety and security of our oceans today and for future generations.","start":9700.17,"end":9708.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9700.17,"end":9700.33},{"text":"stand","start":9700.33,"end":9700.65},{"text":"ready","start":9700.65,"end":9701.05},{"text":"to","start":9701.13,"end":9701.33},{"text":"work","start":9701.33,"end":9701.53},{"text":"with","start":9701.53,"end":9701.69},{"text":"the","start":9701.69,"end":9701.77},{"text":"international","start":9701.77,"end":9702.25},{"text":"community","start":9702.25,"end":9702.81},{"text":"to","start":9703.05,"end":9703.21},{"text":"uphold","start":9703.21,"end":9703.61},{"text":"the","start":9703.61,"end":9703.69},{"text":"safety","start":9703.69,"end":9704.29},{"text":"and","start":9704.29,"end":9704.41},{"text":"security","start":9704.41,"end":9704.93},{"text":"of","start":9704.93,"end":9705.05},{"text":"our","start":9705.05,"end":9705.13},{"text":"oceans","start":9705.13,"end":9705.61},{"text":"today","start":9705.61,"end":9706.01},{"text":"and","start":9706.65,"end":9706.81},{"text":"for","start":9706.81,"end":9706.97},{"text":"future","start":9706.97,"end":9707.29},{"text":"generations.","start":9707.29,"end":9708.09}]},{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":9708.41,"end":9709.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9708.41,"end":9708.61},{"text":"you","start":9708.61,"end":9708.69},{"text":"very","start":9708.69,"end":9708.89},{"text":"much.","start":9708.89,"end":9709.13}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"SGP","group":"Fiji, Jamaica, Malta and Singapore","function":"Minister for Law; Second Minister for Home Affairs","affiliation_full":"Singapore"}},{"statement_number":42,"start":9710.01,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=2:41:51","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank His Excellency Mr. Tong for the statement.","start":9710.01,"end":9713.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9710.01,"end":9710.25},{"text":"thank","start":9710.25,"end":9710.57},{"text":"His","start":9710.57,"end":9710.81},{"text":"Excellency","start":9710.81,"end":9711.45},{"text":"Mr.","start":9711.45,"end":9711.85},{"text":"Tong","start":9711.85,"end":9712.09},{"text":"for","start":9712.09,"end":9712.33},{"text":"the","start":9712.33,"end":9712.41},{"text":"statement.","start":9712.41,"end":9713.13}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to His Excellency Mr. Andreas Mofeld Kravik, State Secretary for the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Norway.","start":9713.61,"end":9722.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9713.61,"end":9713.69},{"text":"now","start":9713.69,"end":9714.01},{"text":"give","start":9714.01,"end":9714.25},{"text":"the","start":9714.25,"end":9714.41},{"text":"floor","start":9714.41,"end":9714.73},{"text":"to","start":9714.73,"end":9714.97},{"text":"His","start":9714.97,"end":9715.29},{"text":"Excellency","start":9715.29,"end":9715.93},{"text":"Mr.","start":9715.93,"end":9716.33},{"text":"Andreas","start":9716.33,"end":9716.81},{"text":"Mofeld","start":9716.81,"end":9717.33},{"text":"Kravik,","start":9717.45,"end":9718.01},{"text":"State","start":9718.33,"end":9718.89},{"text":"Secretary","start":9718.89,"end":9719.53},{"text":"for","start":9719.53,"end":9719.69},{"text":"the","start":9719.69,"end":9719.85},{"text":"Minister","start":9719.85,"end":9720.33},{"text":"for","start":9720.33,"end":9720.49},{"text":"Foreign","start":9720.49,"end":9720.89},{"text":"Affairs","start":9720.89,"end":9721.33},{"text":"of","start":9721.33,"end":9721.61},{"text":"Norway.","start":9721.69,"end":9722.33}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GRC","group":null,"function":"President of the Security Council","affiliation_full":"Greece"}},{"statement_number":43,"start":9725.37,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=2:42:06","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Madam President, I have the honor to deliver this statement on behalf of the Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden.","start":9725.37,"end":9734.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":9725.37,"end":9725.73},{"text":"President,","start":9725.73,"end":9726.25},{"text":"I","start":9727.17,"end":9727.18},{"text":"have","start":9727.17,"end":9727.33},{"text":"the","start":9727.33,"end":9727.45},{"text":"honor","start":9727.49,"end":9727.73},{"text":"to","start":9727.73,"end":9727.85},{"text":"deliver","start":9727.85,"end":9728.29},{"text":"this","start":9728.29,"end":9728.57},{"text":"statement","start":9728.57,"end":9729.17},{"text":"on","start":9729.17,"end":9729.25},{"text":"behalf","start":9729.25,"end":9729.73},{"text":"of","start":9729.73,"end":9729.81},{"text":"the","start":9729.81,"end":9729.89},{"text":"Nordic","start":9729.89,"end":9730.21},{"text":"countries,","start":9730.21,"end":9730.93},{"text":"Denmark,","start":9731.09,"end":9731.65},{"text":"Finland,","start":9731.65,"end":9732.37},{"text":"Iceland,","start":9732.37,"end":9733.13},{"text":"Norway,","start":9733.13,"end":9733.65},{"text":"and","start":9733.65,"end":9733.97},{"text":"Sweden.","start":9733.97,"end":9734.45}]},{"text":"As coastal states with open, globally connected economies, the Nordic countries depend on safe shipping, resilient maritime infrastructure, and the uninterrupted flow of trade, information, and energy.","start":9735.65,"end":9748.77,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."},{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."},{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":9735.65,"end":9735.89},{"text":"coastal","start":9735.89,"end":9736.37},{"text":"states","start":9736.37,"end":9736.77},{"text":"with","start":9736.77,"end":9737.09},{"text":"open,","start":9737.09,"end":9737.57},{"text":"globally","start":9737.57,"end":9738.01},{"text":"connected","start":9738.01,"end":9738.49},{"text":"economies,","start":9738.49,"end":9739.33},{"text":"the","start":9739.65,"end":9739.73},{"text":"Nordic","start":9739.73,"end":9740.09},{"text":"countries","start":9740.09,"end":9740.53},{"text":"depend","start":9740.53,"end":9741.01},{"text":"on","start":9741.01,"end":9741.17},{"text":"safe","start":9741.17,"end":9741.41},{"text":"shipping,","start":9741.41,"end":9742.13},{"text":"resilient","start":9742.29,"end":9743.05},{"text":"maritime","start":9743.05,"end":9743.65},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":9743.65,"end":9744.53},{"text":"and","start":9744.85,"end":9745.09},{"text":"the","start":9745.09,"end":9745.21},{"text":"uninterrupted","start":9745.33,"end":9746.13},{"text":"flow","start":9746.13,"end":9746.33},{"text":"of","start":9746.33,"end":9746.45},{"text":"trade,","start":9746.45,"end":9746.93},{"text":"information,","start":9747.17,"end":9748.05},{"text":"and","start":9748.05,"end":9748.29},{"text":"energy.","start":9748.29,"end":9748.77}]},{"text":"For us, maritime security is fundamentally about the freedom to use the seas and oceans peacefully and sustainably in accordance with international law.","start":9749.61,"end":9759.53,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":9749.61,"end":9749.85},{"text":"us,","start":9749.85,"end":9750.25},{"text":"maritime","start":9750.33,"end":9750.89},{"text":"security","start":9750.89,"end":9751.49},{"text":"is","start":9751.49,"end":9751.61},{"text":"fundamentally","start":9751.61,"end":9752.37},{"text":"about","start":9752.37,"end":9752.65},{"text":"the","start":9752.65,"end":9752.77},{"text":"freedom","start":9752.77,"end":9753.21},{"text":"to","start":9753.21,"end":9753.33},{"text":"use","start":9753.33,"end":9753.61},{"text":"the","start":9753.61,"end":9753.73},{"text":"seas","start":9753.73,"end":9754.17},{"text":"and","start":9754.17,"end":9754.33},{"text":"oceans","start":9754.33,"end":9754.97},{"text":"peacefully","start":9755.37,"end":9756.17},{"text":"and","start":9756.17,"end":9756.49},{"text":"sustainably","start":9756.49,"end":9757.29},{"text":"in","start":9757.29,"end":9757.49},{"text":"accordance","start":9757.49,"end":9758.17},{"text":"with","start":9758.17,"end":9758.57},{"text":"international","start":9758.57,"end":9759.45},{"text":"law.","start":9759.45,"end":9759.53}]},{"text":"The foundation for this is clear.","start":9760.89,"end":9762.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9760.89,"end":9761.05},{"text":"foundation","start":9761.05,"end":9761.69},{"text":"for","start":9761.69,"end":9761.81},{"text":"this","start":9761.81,"end":9762.01},{"text":"is","start":9762.01,"end":9762.17},{"text":"clear.","start":9762.17,"end":9762.57}]},{"text":"The United Nations Charter and the Law of the Sea, as reflected in UNCLOS, remain our legal compass.","start":9763.21,"end":9769.37,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9763.21,"end":9763.33},{"text":"United","start":9763.33,"end":9763.69},{"text":"Nations","start":9763.69,"end":9764.09},{"text":"Charter","start":9764.09,"end":9764.73},{"text":"and","start":9764.73,"end":9764.85},{"text":"the","start":9764.85,"end":9764.93},{"text":"Law","start":9764.93,"end":9765.09},{"text":"of","start":9765.09,"end":9765.17},{"text":"the","start":9765.17,"end":9765.25},{"text":"Sea,","start":9765.25,"end":9765.73},{"text":"as","start":9765.73,"end":9765.97},{"text":"reflected","start":9765.97,"end":9766.49},{"text":"in","start":9766.49,"end":9766.57},{"text":"UNCLOS,","start":9766.57,"end":9767.49},{"text":"remain","start":9767.53,"end":9768.05},{"text":"our","start":9768.05,"end":9768.17},{"text":"legal","start":9768.17,"end":9768.57},{"text":"compass.","start":9768.57,"end":9769.37}]},{"text":"Threats to maritime security remain a serious global concern.","start":9770.25,"end":9774.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Threats","start":9770.25,"end":9770.65},{"text":"to","start":9770.65,"end":9770.73},{"text":"maritime","start":9770.73,"end":9771.21},{"text":"security","start":9771.21,"end":9771.77},{"text":"remain","start":9771.77,"end":9772.33},{"text":"a","start":9772.41,"end":9772.45},{"text":"serious","start":9772.45,"end":9772.97},{"text":"global","start":9772.97,"end":9773.61},{"text":"concern.","start":9773.69,"end":9774.33}]},{"text":"It is imperative to continue efforts to prevent and suppress these threats in line with international law, while maintaining effective, protective, and deterrent measures.","start":9775.29,"end":9785.61,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. 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Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":9786.41,"end":9786.65},{"text":"States","start":9786.65,"end":9787.09},{"text":"have","start":9787.09,"end":9787.29},{"text":"important","start":9787.29,"end":9787.77},{"text":"responsibilities","start":9787.77,"end":9788.73},{"text":"for","start":9788.73,"end":9788.97},{"text":"safety","start":9788.97,"end":9789.41},{"text":"and","start":9789.41,"end":9789.57},{"text":"security","start":9789.57,"end":9790.25},{"text":"at","start":9790.33,"end":9790.57},{"text":"sea","start":9790.57,"end":9790.97},{"text":"in","start":9791.61,"end":9791.93},{"text":"accordance","start":9791.93,"end":9792.49},{"text":"with","start":9792.57,"end":9792.77},{"text":"their","start":9792.77,"end":9792.93},{"text":"respective","start":9792.93,"end":9793.61},{"text":"obligations","start":9793.61,"end":9794.49},{"text":"under","start":9794.49,"end":9794.89},{"text":"international","start":9794.89,"end":9795.77},{"text":"law.","start":9795.77,"end":9795.85}]},{"text":"Mr. President, emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence, are transforming the maritime domain.","start":9797.61,"end":9804.33,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":9797.61,"end":9797.89},{"text":"President,","start":9797.89,"end":9798.41},{"text":"emerging","start":9798.89,"end":9799.45},{"text":"technologies,","start":9799.45,"end":9800.33},{"text":"including","start":9800.33,"end":9800.85},{"text":"artificial","start":9800.85,"end":9801.37},{"text":"intelligence,","start":9801.37,"end":9802.17},{"text":"are","start":9802.17,"end":9802.49},{"text":"transforming","start":9802.49,"end":9803.25},{"text":"the","start":9803.25,"end":9803.33},{"text":"maritime","start":9803.33,"end":9803.85},{"text":"domain.","start":9803.85,"end":9804.33}]},{"text":"New technologies can increase the vulnerability of critical infrastructure to cyberattacks, interference with satellite navigation systems, and the malicious use of autonomous systems.","start":9805.21,"end":9816.97,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. 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Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"New","start":9805.21,"end":9805.37},{"text":"technologies","start":9805.37,"end":9806.17},{"text":"can","start":9806.17,"end":9806.33},{"text":"increase","start":9806.33,"end":9806.81},{"text":"the","start":9806.81,"end":9806.89},{"text":"vulnerability","start":9806.89,"end":9807.85},{"text":"of","start":9807.89,"end":9808.09},{"text":"critical","start":9808.09,"end":9808.49},{"text":"infrastructure","start":9808.49,"end":9809.29},{"text":"to","start":9809.29,"end":9809.45},{"text":"cyberattacks,","start":9809.45,"end":9810.49},{"text":"interference","start":9810.97,"end":9811.77},{"text":"with","start":9811.77,"end":9811.93},{"text":"satellite","start":9811.93,"end":9812.49},{"text":"navigation","start":9812.49,"end":9813.13},{"text":"systems,","start":9813.13,"end":9813.85},{"text":"and","start":9814.17,"end":9814.45},{"text":"the","start":9814.45,"end":9814.53},{"text":"malicious","start":9814.53,"end":9815.09},{"text":"use","start":9815.09,"end":9815.37},{"text":"of","start":9815.37,"end":9815.49},{"text":"autonomous","start":9815.49,"end":9816.29},{"text":"systems.","start":9816.29,"end":9816.97}]},{"text":"At the same time, they offer unprecedented opportunities to strengthen maritime security and resilience.","start":9817.69,"end":9824.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":9817.69,"end":9817.85},{"text":"the","start":9817.85,"end":9817.93},{"text":"same","start":9817.93,"end":9818.25},{"text":"time,","start":9818.25,"end":9818.81},{"text":"they","start":9819.13,"end":9819.45},{"text":"offer","start":9819.45,"end":9819.85},{"text":"unprecedented","start":9819.85,"end":9820.81},{"text":"opportunities","start":9820.81,"end":9821.53},{"text":"to","start":9821.53,"end":9821.69},{"text":"strengthen","start":9821.69,"end":9822.21},{"text":"maritime","start":9822.21,"end":9822.69},{"text":"security","start":9822.69,"end":9823.29},{"text":"and","start":9823.53,"end":9823.93},{"text":"resilience.","start":9823.93,"end":9824.73}]},{"text":"Used responsibly, AI and other new technologies can improve maritime situational awareness, enhance the protection of critical undersea infrastructure, strengthen monitoring and early threat detection, and support safer and more secure global supply chains.","start":9826.17,"end":9842.65,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. 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Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Used","start":9826.17,"end":9826.49},{"text":"responsibly,","start":9826.49,"end":9827.69},{"text":"AI","start":9827.69,"end":9827.85},{"text":"and","start":9827.85,"end":9828.13},{"text":"other","start":9828.13,"end":9828.33},{"text":"new","start":9828.33,"end":9828.49},{"text":"technologies","start":9828.49,"end":9829.45},{"text":"can","start":9829.61,"end":9829.93},{"text":"improve","start":9829.93,"end":9830.37},{"text":"maritime","start":9830.37,"end":9830.97},{"text":"situational","start":9830.97,"end":9831.53},{"text":"awareness,","start":9831.53,"end":9832.33},{"text":"enhance","start":9832.53,"end":9833.01},{"text":"the","start":9833.01,"end":9833.09},{"text":"protection","start":9833.09,"end":9833.61},{"text":"of","start":9833.61,"end":9833.77},{"text":"critical","start":9833.77,"end":9834.21},{"text":"undersea","start":9834.21,"end":9834.69},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":9834.69,"end":9835.53},{"text":"strengthen","start":9835.93,"end":9836.49},{"text":"monitoring","start":9836.49,"end":9837.09},{"text":"and","start":9837.09,"end":9837.29},{"text":"early","start":9837.29,"end":9837.61},{"text":"threat","start":9837.61,"end":9838.01},{"text":"detection,","start":9838.17,"end":9838.97},{"text":"and","start":9838.97,"end":9839.25},{"text":"support","start":9839.25,"end":9839.81},{"text":"safer","start":9839.81,"end":9840.41},{"text":"and","start":9840.41,"end":9840.57},{"text":"more","start":9840.57,"end":9840.81},{"text":"secure","start":9840.81,"end":9841.29},{"text":"global","start":9841.29,"end":9841.73},{"text":"supply","start":9841.73,"end":9842.09},{"text":"chains.","start":9842.09,"end":9842.65}]},{"text":"The Nordic countries see particular potential in using new technologies to safeguard submarine cables and other critical undersea infrastructure.","start":9844.01,"end":9852.17,"topics":[{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. 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They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"International","start":9861.53,"end":9862.25},{"text":"cooperation","start":9862.25,"end":9863.13},{"text":"is","start":9863.37,"end":9863.61},{"text":"indispensable.","start":9863.61,"end":9864.57}]},{"text":"All states should be able to benefit from the peaceful use of emerging technologies.","start":9865.45,"end":9870.33,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":9865.45,"end":9865.69},{"text":"states","start":9865.69,"end":9866.25},{"text":"should","start":9866.25,"end":9866.61},{"text":"be","start":9866.61,"end":9866.81},{"text":"able","start":9866.81,"end":9867.13},{"text":"to","start":9867.13,"end":9867.25},{"text":"benefit","start":9867.25,"end":9867.77},{"text":"from","start":9867.77,"end":9868.01},{"text":"the","start":9868.01,"end":9868.09},{"text":"peaceful","start":9868.09,"end":9868.57},{"text":"use","start":9868.57,"end":9868.85},{"text":"of","start":9868.85,"end":9868.97},{"text":"emerging","start":9868.97,"end":9869.45},{"text":"technologies.","start":9869.45,"end":9870.33}]},{"text":"We therefore support common standards, capacity building, and inclusive governance.","start":9871.29,"end":9877.13,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."},{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9871.29,"end":9871.45},{"text":"therefore","start":9871.45,"end":9871.93},{"text":"support","start":9871.93,"end":9872.57},{"text":"common","start":9872.73,"end":9873.09},{"text":"standards,","start":9873.09,"end":9873.93},{"text":"capacity","start":9873.93,"end":9874.57},{"text":"building,","start":9874.57,"end":9875.13},{"text":"and","start":9875.53,"end":9875.77},{"text":"inclusive","start":9875.77,"end":9876.33},{"text":"governance.","start":9876.33,"end":9877.13}]},{"text":"We welcome the International Maritime Organization's work in this field.","start":9877.77,"end":9881.29,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9877.77,"end":9877.89},{"text":"welcome","start":9877.89,"end":9878.41},{"text":"the","start":9878.41,"end":9878.53},{"text":"International","start":9878.53,"end":9879.09},{"text":"Maritime","start":9879.09,"end":9879.53},{"text":"Organization's","start":9879.53,"end":9880.29},{"text":"work","start":9880.29,"end":9880.57},{"text":"in","start":9880.57,"end":9880.65},{"text":"this","start":9880.65,"end":9880.89},{"text":"field.","start":9880.89,"end":9881.29}]},{"text":"including the new MAS Code, which helps ensure that innovation proceeds safely and responsibly.","start":9881.85,"end":9888.33,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"including","start":9881.85,"end":9882.29},{"text":"the","start":9882.29,"end":9882.37},{"text":"new","start":9882.37,"end":9882.57},{"text":"MAS","start":9882.57,"end":9882.89},{"text":"Code,","start":9882.89,"end":9883.37},{"text":"which","start":9883.37,"end":9883.61},{"text":"helps","start":9883.61,"end":9884.05},{"text":"ensure","start":9884.05,"end":9884.49},{"text":"that","start":9884.49,"end":9884.73},{"text":"innovation","start":9884.73,"end":9885.37},{"text":"proceeds","start":9885.37,"end":9886.09},{"text":"safely","start":9886.41,"end":9887.21},{"text":"and","start":9887.21,"end":9887.53},{"text":"responsibly.","start":9887.53,"end":9888.33}]},{"text":"We also welcome the IAEA’s ATLAS initiative on safe, secure, and safeguarded maritime small modular reactors.","start":9889.13,"end":9896.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9889.13,"end":9889.37},{"text":"also","start":9889.37,"end":9889.61},{"text":"welcome","start":9889.61,"end":9890.17},{"text":"the","start":9890.17,"end":9890.29},{"text":"IAEA’s","start":9890.73,"end":9891.77},{"text":"ATLAS","start":9891.77,"end":9892.25},{"text":"initiative","start":9892.25,"end":9892.77},{"text":"on","start":9892.77,"end":9892.89},{"text":"safe,","start":9892.89,"end":9893.21},{"text":"secure,","start":9893.21,"end":9893.69},{"text":"and","start":9893.69,"end":9893.85},{"text":"safeguarded","start":9893.85,"end":9894.45},{"text":"maritime","start":9894.45,"end":9894.97},{"text":"small","start":9894.97,"end":9895.37},{"text":"modular","start":9895.37,"end":9895.97},{"text":"reactors.","start":9895.97,"end":9896.73}]},{"text":"Before concluding, President, I wish to underscore one key concern.","start":9897.85,"end":9902.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Before","start":9897.85,"end":9898.25},{"text":"concluding,","start":9898.25,"end":9898.81},{"text":"President,","start":9898.81,"end":9899.37},{"text":"I","start":9899.77,"end":9899.93},{"text":"wish","start":9899.93,"end":9900.17},{"text":"to","start":9900.17,"end":9900.29},{"text":"underscore","start":9900.29,"end":9900.89},{"text":"one","start":9900.89,"end":9901.13},{"text":"key","start":9901.13,"end":9901.45},{"text":"concern.","start":9901.45,"end":9902.09}]},{"text":"As frontier AI models advance at unexpected speed, It is paramount to ensure that humans remain at the driver's seat.","start":9902.89,"end":9911.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":9902.89,"end":9903.13},{"text":"frontier","start":9903.13,"end":9903.69},{"text":"AI","start":9903.69,"end":9904.01},{"text":"models","start":9904.01,"end":9904.49},{"text":"advance","start":9904.49,"end":9905.13},{"text":"at","start":9905.13,"end":9905.61},{"text":"unexpected","start":9905.69,"end":9906.41},{"text":"speed,","start":9906.41,"end":9906.81},{"text":"It","start":9907.69,"end":9907.77},{"text":"is","start":9907.77,"end":9908.09},{"text":"paramount","start":9908.33,"end":9909.01},{"text":"to","start":9909.01,"end":9909.09},{"text":"ensure","start":9909.09,"end":9909.45},{"text":"that","start":9909.45,"end":9909.69},{"text":"humans","start":9909.69,"end":9910.09},{"text":"remain","start":9910.09,"end":9910.57},{"text":"at","start":9910.57,"end":9910.73},{"text":"the","start":9910.73,"end":9910.81},{"text":"driver's","start":9910.81,"end":9911.33},{"text":"seat.","start":9911.33,"end":9911.61}]},{"text":"The Call for Control initiative, launched in September, has gathered more than 30 world leaders to call for enhanced international cooperation in ensuring that technology remains at the service of humanity and not the other way around.","start":9912.57,"end":9926.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9912.57,"end":9912.69},{"text":"Call","start":9912.69,"end":9912.89},{"text":"for","start":9912.89,"end":9913.13},{"text":"Control","start":9913.13,"end":9913.61},{"text":"initiative,","start":9913.61,"end":9914.25},{"text":"launched","start":9914.25,"end":9914.73},{"text":"in","start":9914.73,"end":9914.89},{"text":"September,","start":9914.89,"end":9915.61},{"text":"has","start":9915.85,"end":9916.09},{"text":"gathered","start":9916.09,"end":9916.73},{"text":"more","start":9916.73,"end":9916.89},{"text":"than","start":9916.89,"end":9917.05},{"text":"30","start":9917.05,"end":9917.37},{"text":"world","start":9917.37,"end":9917.65},{"text":"leaders","start":9917.65,"end":9918.01},{"text":"to","start":9918.01,"end":9918.17},{"text":"call","start":9918.17,"end":9918.57},{"text":"for","start":9918.57,"end":9918.69},{"text":"enhanced","start":9918.69,"end":9919.25},{"text":"international","start":9919.25,"end":9919.85},{"text":"cooperation","start":9919.85,"end":9920.73},{"text":"in","start":9920.81,"end":9920.97},{"text":"ensuring","start":9920.97,"end":9921.69},{"text":"that","start":9921.85,"end":9922.13},{"text":"technology","start":9922.13,"end":9922.73},{"text":"remains","start":9922.73,"end":9923.29},{"text":"at","start":9923.29,"end":9923.45},{"text":"the","start":9923.45,"end":9923.53},{"text":"service","start":9923.53,"end":9924.05},{"text":"of","start":9924.05,"end":9924.17},{"text":"humanity","start":9924.17,"end":9924.97},{"text":"and","start":9925.21,"end":9925.37},{"text":"not","start":9925.37,"end":9925.69},{"text":"the","start":9925.73,"end":9925.81},{"text":"other","start":9925.81,"end":9926.05},{"text":"way","start":9926.05,"end":9926.17},{"text":"around.","start":9926.17,"end":9926.57}]},{"text":"The call remains open for all UN Member States to join, and I know that many of the countries represented around this table have already joined, and again, we welcome all countries to be part of this important initiative.","start":9927.49,"end":9939.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9927.49,"end":9927.57},{"text":"call","start":9927.57,"end":9927.81},{"text":"remains","start":9927.81,"end":9928.13},{"text":"open","start":9928.13,"end":9928.49},{"text":"for","start":9928.49,"end":9928.69},{"text":"all","start":9928.69,"end":9928.93},{"text":"UN","start":9928.93,"end":9929.21},{"text":"Member","start":9929.21,"end":9929.45},{"text":"States","start":9929.45,"end":9929.81},{"text":"to","start":9929.81,"end":9929.97},{"text":"join,","start":9929.97,"end":9930.45},{"text":"and","start":9930.45,"end":9930.57},{"text":"I","start":9930.57,"end":9930.61},{"text":"know","start":9930.61,"end":9930.93},{"text":"that","start":9930.93,"end":9931.13},{"text":"many","start":9931.13,"end":9931.41},{"text":"of","start":9931.41,"end":9931.57},{"text":"the","start":9931.81,"end":9931.93},{"text":"countries","start":9931.93,"end":9932.37},{"text":"represented","start":9932.37,"end":9932.93},{"text":"around","start":9932.93,"end":9933.17},{"text":"this","start":9933.17,"end":9933.33},{"text":"table","start":9933.33,"end":9933.73},{"text":"have","start":9933.73,"end":9933.97},{"text":"already","start":9933.97,"end":9934.37},{"text":"joined,","start":9934.37,"end":9934.77},{"text":"and","start":9934.77,"end":9935.05},{"text":"again,","start":9935.05,"end":9935.33},{"text":"we","start":9935.33,"end":9935.53},{"text":"welcome","start":9935.53,"end":9936.05},{"text":"all","start":9936.69,"end":9936.85},{"text":"countries","start":9936.85,"end":9937.41},{"text":"to","start":9937.41,"end":9937.53},{"text":"be","start":9937.53,"end":9937.65},{"text":"part","start":9937.65,"end":9937.85},{"text":"of","start":9937.85,"end":9937.93},{"text":"this","start":9937.93,"end":9938.13},{"text":"important","start":9938.13,"end":9938.61},{"text":"initiative.","start":9938.61,"end":9939.17}]},{"text":"Technology changes, our commitment to international law and cooperation must not.","start":9940.61,"end":9945.49,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."},{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"Technology","start":9940.61,"end":9941.25},{"text":"changes,","start":9941.25,"end":9941.97},{"text":"our","start":9942.29,"end":9942.53},{"text":"commitment","start":9942.53,"end":9943.13},{"text":"to","start":9943.13,"end":9943.21},{"text":"international","start":9943.25,"end":9943.85},{"text":"law","start":9943.85,"end":9944.05},{"text":"and","start":9944.05,"end":9944.21},{"text":"cooperation","start":9944.21,"end":9944.93},{"text":"must","start":9944.93,"end":9945.25},{"text":"not.","start":9945.25,"end":9945.49}]},{"text":"Maritime security can benefit greatly from the application of AI and other emerging technologies.","start":9946.37,"end":9951.89,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."}],"words":[{"text":"Maritime","start":9946.37,"end":9946.85},{"text":"security","start":9946.85,"end":9947.33},{"text":"can","start":9947.33,"end":9947.53},{"text":"benefit","start":9947.53,"end":9948.01},{"text":"greatly","start":9948.01,"end":9948.53},{"text":"from","start":9948.53,"end":9948.77},{"text":"the","start":9948.77,"end":9948.85},{"text":"application","start":9948.85,"end":9949.53},{"text":"of","start":9949.53,"end":9949.65},{"text":"AI","start":9949.65,"end":9949.69},{"text":"and","start":9949.69,"end":9950.33},{"text":"other","start":9950.33,"end":9950.53},{"text":"emerging","start":9950.53,"end":9951.01},{"text":"technologies.","start":9951.01,"end":9951.89}]},{"text":"Let's make sure together that this occurs, and I thank you for your attention.","start":9952.33,"end":9956.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let's","start":9952.33,"end":9952.61},{"text":"make","start":9952.61,"end":9952.77},{"text":"sure","start":9952.77,"end":9953.17},{"text":"together","start":9953.17,"end":9953.81},{"text":"that","start":9953.81,"end":9954.09},{"text":"this","start":9954.09,"end":9954.45},{"text":"occurs,","start":9954.53,"end":9955.09},{"text":"and","start":9955.49,"end":9955.69},{"text":"I","start":9955.69,"end":9955.73},{"text":"thank","start":9955.73,"end":9956.01},{"text":"you","start":9956.01,"end":9956.13},{"text":"for","start":9956.13,"end":9956.29},{"text":"your","start":9956.29,"end":9956.41},{"text":"attention.","start":9956.41,"end":9956.85}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"NOR","group":"Nordic Group","function":"State Secretary for the Minister for Foreign Affairs","affiliation_full":"Norway"}},{"statement_number":44,"start":9958.37,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=2:45:59","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank His Excellency Mr. Kravik for the statement on behalf of the Nordic States, and I now give the floor to Her Excellency Ms. Katuna Tuktadze, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Georgia.","start":9958.37,"end":9967.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9958.37,"end":9958.61},{"text":"thank","start":9958.61,"end":9958.93},{"text":"His","start":9958.93,"end":9959.09},{"text":"Excellency","start":9959.09,"end":9959.57},{"text":"Mr.","start":9959.57,"end":9959.89},{"text":"Kravik","start":9959.89,"end":9960.25},{"text":"for","start":9960.25,"end":9960.41},{"text":"the","start":9960.41,"end":9960.53},{"text":"statement","start":9960.53,"end":9961.01},{"text":"on","start":9961.01,"end":9961.09},{"text":"behalf","start":9961.09,"end":9961.49},{"text":"of","start":9961.49,"end":9961.65},{"text":"the","start":9961.65,"end":9961.77},{"text":"Nordic","start":9961.81,"end":9962.45},{"text":"States,","start":9962.45,"end":9962.85},{"text":"and","start":9962.85,"end":9963.01},{"text":"I","start":9963.01,"end":9963.09},{"text":"now","start":9963.09,"end":9963.25},{"text":"give","start":9963.25,"end":9963.41},{"text":"the","start":9963.41,"end":9963.49},{"text":"floor","start":9963.49,"end":9963.73},{"text":"to","start":9963.73,"end":9963.81},{"text":"Her","start":9963.81,"end":9964.05},{"text":"Excellency","start":9964.05,"end":9964.49},{"text":"Ms.","start":9964.49,"end":9964.69},{"text":"Katuna","start":9964.69,"end":9965.09},{"text":"Tuktadze,","start":9965.09,"end":9965.57},{"text":"Deputy","start":9965.57,"end":9966.01},{"text":"Minister","start":9966.01,"end":9966.37},{"text":"of","start":9966.37,"end":9966.45},{"text":"Foreign","start":9966.45,"end":9966.69},{"text":"Affairs","start":9966.69,"end":9967.09},{"text":"of","start":9967.29,"end":9967.41},{"text":"Georgia.","start":9967.41,"end":9967.97}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GRC","group":null,"function":"President of the Security Council","affiliation_full":"Greece"}},{"statement_number":45,"start":9971.73,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=2:46:12","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. President, Excellencies, distinguished colleagues, let me begin by thanking Greece for convening this timely 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capacity.","start":9980.97,"end":9988.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Georgia","start":9980.97,"end":9981.29},{"text":"allies","start":9981.29,"end":9981.69},{"text":"itself","start":9981.69,"end":9982.17},{"text":"with","start":9982.17,"end":9982.37},{"text":"the","start":9982.37,"end":9982.49},{"text":"statement","start":9982.49,"end":9983.33},{"text":"to","start":9983.33,"end":9983.41},{"text":"be","start":9983.45,"end":9983.57},{"text":"delivered","start":9983.57,"end":9984.01},{"text":"by","start":9984.01,"end":9984.17},{"text":"the","start":9984.17,"end":9984.29},{"text":"European","start":9984.29,"end":9984.77},{"text":"Union,","start":9984.77,"end":9985.37},{"text":"and","start":9985.57,"end":9985.73},{"text":"I","start":9985.73,"end":9985.77},{"text":"would","start":9985.77,"end":9985.93},{"text":"like","start":9985.93,"end":9986.25},{"text":"to","start":9986.25,"end":9986.41},{"text":"add","start":9986.49,"end":9986.89},{"text":"the","start":9986.89,"end":9987.01},{"text":"following","start":9987.01,"end":9987.53},{"text":"on","start":9987.53,"end":9987.69},{"text":"my","start":9987.69,"end":9987.77},{"text":"national","start":9987.77,"end":9988.17},{"text":"capacity.","start":9988.17,"end":9988.81}]},{"text":"For Georgia, a Black Sea coastal state connecting Europe and Asia, maritime security is essential to regional stability, international trade, energy security, and economic development.","start":9989.53,"end":10001.53,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":9989.53,"end":9989.85},{"text":"Georgia,","start":9989.85,"end":9990.53},{"text":"a","start":9990.53,"end":9990.57},{"text":"Black","start":9990.57,"end":9990.89},{"text":"Sea","start":9990.89,"end":9991.13},{"text":"coastal","start":9991.13,"end":9991.57},{"text":"state","start":9991.57,"end":9992.01},{"text":"connecting","start":9992.01,"end":9992.57},{"text":"Europe","start":9992.57,"end":9992.97},{"text":"and","start":9992.97,"end":9993.13},{"text":"Asia,","start":9993.13,"end":9993.61},{"text":"maritime","start":9993.85,"end":9994.41},{"text":"security","start":9994.41,"end":9995.01},{"text":"is","start":9995.01,"end":9995.13},{"text":"essential","start":9995.13,"end":9995.77},{"text":"to","start":9995.77,"end":9995.97},{"text":"regional","start":9995.97,"end":9996.49},{"text":"stability,","start":9996.49,"end":9997.21},{"text":"international","start":9997.21,"end":9997.93},{"text":"trade,","start":9997.93,"end":9998.41},{"text":"energy","start":9998.65,"end":9999.09},{"text":"security,","start":9999.09,"end":9999.77},{"text":"and","start":9999.93,"end":10000.17},{"text":"economic","start":10000.17,"end":10000.73},{"text":"development.","start":10000.73,"end":10001.53}]},{"text":"Russia's continued occupation of Georgia's Abkhazia and Tskhinvali regions, alongside its ongoing aggression against Ukraine, underscores the serious security challenges facing the Black Sea region.","start":10002.25,"end":10013.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Russia's","start":10002.25,"end":10002.53},{"text":"continued","start":10002.53,"end":10003.09},{"text":"occupation","start":10003.13,"end":10003.69},{"text":"of","start":10003.69,"end":10003.81},{"text":"Georgia's","start":10003.81,"end":10004.29},{"text":"Abkhazia","start":10004.29,"end":10004.77},{"text":"and","start":10004.77,"end":10004.89},{"text":"Tskhinvali","start":10004.89,"end":10005.41},{"text":"regions,","start":10005.41,"end":10006.01},{"text":"alongside","start":10006.01,"end":10006.77},{"text":"its","start":10006.77,"end":10006.97},{"text":"ongoing","start":10006.97,"end":10007.41},{"text":"aggression","start":10007.41,"end":10007.97},{"text":"against","start":10007.97,"end":10008.37},{"text":"Ukraine,","start":10008.37,"end":10009.01},{"text":"underscores","start":10009.29,"end":10009.97},{"text":"the","start":10009.97,"end":10010.05},{"text":"serious","start":10010.05,"end":10010.61},{"text":"security","start":10010.61,"end":10011.09},{"text":"challenges","start":10011.09,"end":10011.73},{"text":"facing","start":10011.73,"end":10012.21},{"text":"the","start":10012.21,"end":10012.33},{"text":"Black","start":10012.33,"end":10012.57},{"text":"Sea","start":10012.57,"end":10012.85},{"text":"region.","start":10012.85,"end":10013.41}]},{"text":"Threats to commercial shipping, ports, and critical maritime infrastructure affects not only regional, but also global supply chains and the safety of seafarers.","start":10013.97,"end":10023.97,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."},{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."},{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Threats","start":10013.97,"end":10014.37},{"text":"to","start":10014.37,"end":10014.53},{"text":"commercial","start":10014.53,"end":10015.09},{"text":"shipping,","start":10015.09,"end":10015.65},{"text":"ports,","start":10015.65,"end":10016.13},{"text":"and","start":10016.13,"end":10016.37},{"text":"critical","start":10016.37,"end":10016.77},{"text":"maritime","start":10016.77,"end":10017.41},{"text":"infrastructure","start":10017.41,"end":10018.21},{"text":"affects","start":10018.45,"end":10018.97},{"text":"not","start":10018.97,"end":10019.33},{"text":"only","start":10019.33,"end":10019.57},{"text":"regional,","start":10019.57,"end":10020.05},{"text":"but","start":10020.05,"end":10020.29},{"text":"also","start":10020.29,"end":10020.61},{"text":"global","start":10020.61,"end":10021.01},{"text":"supply","start":10021.01,"end":10021.49},{"text":"chains","start":10021.49,"end":10022.05},{"text":"and","start":10022.21,"end":10022.41},{"text":"the","start":10022.41,"end":10022.53},{"text":"safety","start":10022.53,"end":10022.97},{"text":"of","start":10022.97,"end":10023.09},{"text":"seafarers.","start":10023.09,"end":10023.97}]},{"text":"At the same time, emerging technologies are fundamentally transforming the maritime security environment.","start":10024.69,"end":10030.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":10024.69,"end":10024.77},{"text":"the","start":10024.77,"end":10024.89},{"text":"same","start":10024.89,"end":10025.17},{"text":"time,","start":10025.17,"end":10025.65},{"text":"emerging","start":10025.65,"end":10026.13},{"text":"technologies","start":10026.13,"end":10027.01},{"text":"are","start":10027.05,"end":10027.13},{"text":"fundamentally","start":10027.17,"end":10028.05},{"text":"transforming","start":10028.05,"end":10028.93},{"text":"the","start":10028.93,"end":10029.01},{"text":"maritime","start":10029.01,"end":10029.57},{"text":"security","start":10029.57,"end":10030.09},{"text":"environment.","start":10030.09,"end":10030.85}]},{"text":"Artificial intelligence, advanced surveillance systems, and unmanned technologies offer significant opportunities.","start":10031.25,"end":10038.29,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. 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Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"Artificial","start":10031.25,"end":10031.89},{"text":"intelligence,","start":10031.89,"end":10032.77},{"text":"advanced","start":10032.89,"end":10033.45},{"text":"surveillance","start":10033.45,"end":10034.09},{"text":"systems,","start":10034.09,"end":10034.61},{"text":"and","start":10034.61,"end":10034.85},{"text":"unmanned","start":10035.05,"end":10035.61},{"text":"technologies","start":10035.61,"end":10036.45},{"text":"offer","start":10036.45,"end":10036.69},{"text":"significant","start":10036.69,"end":10037.41},{"text":"opportunities.","start":10037.41,"end":10038.29}]},{"text":"However, these same technologies also introduce new vulnerabilities.","start":10038.61,"end":10043.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":10038.61,"end":10039.41},{"text":"these","start":10039.57,"end":10039.81},{"text":"same","start":10039.81,"end":10040.13},{"text":"technologies","start":10040.13,"end":10040.85},{"text":"also","start":10040.85,"end":10041.21},{"text":"introduce","start":10041.21,"end":10041.81},{"text":"new","start":10041.81,"end":10042.13},{"text":"vulnerabilities.","start":10042.13,"end":10043.17}]},{"text":"Cyber attacks, interference with navigation systems, and the misuse of autonomous technologies can threaten maritime operations and international peace and security.","start":10043.49,"end":10053.97,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. 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Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"Cyber","start":10043.49,"end":10043.97},{"text":"attacks,","start":10043.97,"end":10044.53},{"text":"interference","start":10044.77,"end":10045.73},{"text":"with","start":10045.73,"end":10046.05},{"text":"navigation","start":10046.05,"end":10046.77},{"text":"systems,","start":10046.77,"end":10047.41},{"text":"and","start":10047.41,"end":10047.65},{"text":"the","start":10047.65,"end":10047.73},{"text":"misuse","start":10047.73,"end":10048.21},{"text":"of","start":10048.21,"end":10048.37},{"text":"autonomous","start":10048.45,"end":10048.97},{"text":"technologies","start":10048.97,"end":10049.65},{"text":"can","start":10049.65,"end":10049.89},{"text":"threaten","start":10049.93,"end":10050.37},{"text":"maritime","start":10050.37,"end":10050.97},{"text":"operations","start":10050.97,"end":10051.73},{"text":"and","start":10051.97,"end":10052.21},{"text":"international","start":10052.21,"end":10052.85},{"text":"peace","start":10052.85,"end":10053.17},{"text":"and","start":10053.17,"end":10053.33},{"text":"security.","start":10053.33,"end":10053.97}]},{"text":"Georgia recognizes both the opportunities and the risks associated with these developments, and is taking practical steps to strengthen its maritime security capabilities.","start":10054.77,"end":10064.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Georgia","start":10054.77,"end":10055.17},{"text":"recognizes","start":10055.17,"end":10055.89},{"text":"both","start":10055.89,"end":10056.21},{"text":"the","start":10056.29,"end":10056.41},{"text":"opportunities","start":10056.41,"end":10057.25},{"text":"and","start":10057.25,"end":10057.45},{"text":"the","start":10057.45,"end":10057.53},{"text":"risks","start":10057.53,"end":10057.97},{"text":"associated","start":10057.97,"end":10058.69},{"text":"with","start":10058.69,"end":10058.93},{"text":"these","start":10058.93,"end":10059.09},{"text":"developments,","start":10059.09,"end":10059.89},{"text":"and","start":10060.13,"end":10060.33},{"text":"is","start":10060.33,"end":10060.45},{"text":"taking","start":10060.45,"end":10060.85},{"text":"practical","start":10060.85,"end":10061.41},{"text":"steps","start":10061.41,"end":10061.81},{"text":"to","start":10061.81,"end":10061.93},{"text":"strengthen","start":10061.93,"end":10062.53},{"text":"its","start":10062.53,"end":10062.69},{"text":"maritime","start":10062.69,"end":10063.25},{"text":"security","start":10063.25,"end":10063.69},{"text":"capabilities.","start":10063.69,"end":10064.53}]},{"text":"With the support of international partners, Georgia continues to enhance its maritime surveillance capabilities through advanced radar systems, vessel identification technologies, and digital maritime monitoring platforms.","start":10064.93,"end":10077.09,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. 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Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10137.33,"end":10137.37},{"text":"UN","start":10137.37,"end":10137.77},{"text":"can","start":10137.77,"end":10138.01},{"text":"promote","start":10138.01,"end":10138.49},{"text":"international","start":10138.49,"end":10139.21},{"text":"dialogue","start":10139.21,"end":10139.85},{"text":"and","start":10139.85,"end":10140.01},{"text":"facilitate","start":10140.01,"end":10140.65},{"text":"the","start":10140.65,"end":10140.73},{"text":"development","start":10140.73,"end":10141.41},{"text":"of","start":10141.41,"end":10141.53},{"text":"common","start":10141.53,"end":10141.93},{"text":"approaches","start":10141.93,"end":10142.49},{"text":"to","start":10142.49,"end":10142.61},{"text":"emerging","start":10142.61,"end":10143.05},{"text":"maritime","start":10143.05,"end":10143.61},{"text":"security","start":10143.61,"end":10144.21},{"text":"challenges,","start":10144.21,"end":10144.81},{"text":"while","start":10144.97,"end":10145.29},{"text":"the","start":10145.29,"end":10145.37},{"text":"International","start":10145.37,"end":10145.97},{"text":"Maritime","start":10145.97,"end":10146.45},{"text":"Organization","start":10146.45,"end":10147.25},{"text":"can","start":10147.25,"end":10147.49},{"text":"advance","start":10147.49,"end":10147.85},{"text":"the","start":10147.85,"end":10147.97},{"text":"appropriate","start":10147.97,"end":10148.57},{"text":"regulatory","start":10148.57,"end":10149.29},{"text":"frameworks","start":10149.29,"end":10150.01},{"text":"to","start":10150.17,"end":10150.33},{"text":"emerging","start":10150.33,"end":10150.77},{"text":"maritime","start":10150.77,"end":10151.21},{"text":"technologies,","start":10151.21,"end":10152.01},{"text":"including","start":10152.17,"end":10152.81},{"text":"autonomous","start":10152.81,"end":10153.33},{"text":"shipping.","start":10153.33,"end":10153.85}]},{"text":"Georgia remains committed to contributing to a secure, resilient, and rules-based maritime environment where technological innovation serves the interests of international peace, security, and sustainable development.","start":10154.61,"end":10167.09,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. 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of the Security Council","affiliation_full":"Greece"}},{"statement_number":47,"start":10180.61,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=2:49:41","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. President, Nigeria thanks Greece for convening this debate and expresses appreciation to the briefers for their insightful 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the Gulf of Guinea, emerging technologies are increasingly shaping the maritime security landscape.","start":10190.57,"end":10196.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10190.57,"end":10190.65},{"text":"the","start":10190.65,"end":10190.81},{"text":"Gulf","start":10190.81,"end":10191.13},{"text":"of","start":10191.13,"end":10191.29},{"text":"Guinea,","start":10191.29,"end":10191.69},{"text":"emerging","start":10192.01,"end":10192.45},{"text":"technologies","start":10192.45,"end":10193.29},{"text":"are","start":10193.29,"end":10193.37},{"text":"increasingly","start":10193.37,"end":10194.13},{"text":"shaping","start":10194.13,"end":10194.65},{"text":"the","start":10194.65,"end":10194.73},{"text":"maritime","start":10194.73,"end":10195.29},{"text":"security","start":10195.29,"end":10195.81},{"text":"landscape.","start":10195.81,"end":10196.33}]},{"text":"Organized criminal networks engage in piracy, kidnapping for ransom, crude oil theft, and illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, exploit satellite communications and falsified vessel identification signals to evade detection.","start":10197.05,"end":10212.57,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. 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They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":10213.37,"end":10213.45},{"text":"the","start":10213.45,"end":10213.61},{"text":"same","start":10213.61,"end":10213.85},{"text":"time,","start":10213.85,"end":10214.25},{"text":"the","start":10214.57,"end":10214.69},{"text":"effective","start":10214.69,"end":10215.17},{"text":"deployment","start":10215.17,"end":10215.73},{"text":"of","start":10215.73,"end":10215.85},{"text":"technologies","start":10215.85,"end":10216.53},{"text":"by","start":10216.53,"end":10216.73},{"text":"states","start":10216.73,"end":10217.05},{"text":"has","start":10217.05,"end":10217.21},{"text":"contributed","start":10217.21,"end":10217.89},{"text":"to","start":10217.89,"end":10217.97},{"text":"reducing","start":10217.97,"end":10218.45},{"text":"these","start":10218.45,"end":10218.73},{"text":"threats.","start":10218.73,"end":10219.21}]},{"text":"Nigeria’s Deep Blue project integrates unmanned aerial vehicles, maritime domain awareness systems, and advanced central command center to strengthen surveillance and combat maritime crimes in the Gulf of Guinea.","start":10219.93,"end":10232.25,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."},{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."},{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."}],"words":[{"text":"Nigeria’s","start":10219.93,"end":10220.49},{"text":"Deep","start":10220.49,"end":10220.61},{"text":"Blue","start":10220.61,"end":10220.89},{"text":"project","start":10220.89,"end":10221.53},{"text":"integrates","start":10221.53,"end":10222.17},{"text":"unmanned","start":10222.17,"end":10222.69},{"text":"aerial","start":10222.73,"end":10223.05},{"text":"vehicles,","start":10223.05,"end":10223.69},{"text":"maritime","start":10223.93,"end":10224.45},{"text":"domain","start":10224.45,"end":10224.89},{"text":"awareness","start":10224.89,"end":10225.33},{"text":"systems,","start":10225.33,"end":10225.93},{"text":"and","start":10226.17,"end":10226.45},{"text":"advanced","start":10226.45,"end":10226.81},{"text":"central","start":10226.81,"end":10227.29},{"text":"command","start":10227.29,"end":10227.65},{"text":"center","start":10227.65,"end":10228.01},{"text":"to","start":10228.01,"end":10228.25},{"text":"strengthen","start":10228.25,"end":10228.73},{"text":"surveillance","start":10228.73,"end":10229.45},{"text":"and","start":10229.69,"end":10229.89},{"text":"combat","start":10229.89,"end":10230.25},{"text":"maritime","start":10230.25,"end":10230.77},{"text":"crimes","start":10230.77,"end":10231.21},{"text":"in","start":10231.21,"end":10231.33},{"text":"the","start":10231.33,"end":10231.41},{"text":"Gulf","start":10231.41,"end":10231.73},{"text":"of","start":10231.73,"end":10231.85},{"text":"Guinea.","start":10231.85,"end":10232.25}]},{"text":"Complementing these capabilities, Nigeria’s Separation of Piracy and Other Maritime Offences Act 2019 has strengthened legal frameworks for prosecuting offenders.","start":10233.05,"end":10243.61,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."}],"words":[{"text":"Complementing","start":10233.05,"end":10233.73},{"text":"these","start":10233.73,"end":10234.09},{"text":"capabilities,","start":10234.09,"end":10234.89},{"text":"Nigeria’s","start":10235.21,"end":10235.69},{"text":"Separation","start":10235.69,"end":10236.17},{"text":"of","start":10236.17,"end":10236.25},{"text":"Piracy","start":10236.25,"end":10236.81},{"text":"and","start":10236.81,"end":10237.01},{"text":"Other","start":10237.01,"end":10237.21},{"text":"Maritime","start":10237.21,"end":10237.73},{"text":"Offences","start":10237.73,"end":10238.25},{"text":"Act","start":10238.25,"end":10238.53},{"text":"2019","start":10238.53,"end":10239.53},{"text":"has","start":10239.93,"end":10240.17},{"text":"strengthened","start":10240.17,"end":10240.69},{"text":"legal","start":10240.69,"end":10241.05},{"text":"frameworks","start":10241.05,"end":10241.61},{"text":"for","start":10241.61,"end":10242.01},{"text":"prosecuting","start":10242.33,"end":10243.01},{"text":"offenders.","start":10243.01,"end":10243.61}]},{"text":"Nigeria’s experience demonstrates that technology can deliver lasting maritime security benefits only when supported by timely information sharing and effective regional cooperation.","start":10244.85,"end":10255.09,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"Nigeria’s","start":10244.85,"end":10245.25},{"text":"experience","start":10245.25,"end":10245.89},{"text":"demonstrates","start":10245.89,"end":10246.61},{"text":"that","start":10246.61,"end":10246.89},{"text":"technology","start":10246.89,"end":10247.49},{"text":"can","start":10247.49,"end":10247.73},{"text":"deliver","start":10247.73,"end":10248.05},{"text":"lasting","start":10248.05,"end":10248.49},{"text":"maritime","start":10248.49,"end":10248.93},{"text":"security","start":10248.93,"end":10249.41},{"text":"benefits","start":10249.41,"end":10249.97},{"text":"only","start":10250.21,"end":10250.49},{"text":"when","start":10250.49,"end":10250.77},{"text":"supported","start":10250.77,"end":10251.33},{"text":"by","start":10251.33,"end":10251.57},{"text":"timely","start":10251.57,"end":10252.01},{"text":"information","start":10252.01,"end":10252.53},{"text":"sharing","start":10252.53,"end":10253.01},{"text":"and","start":10253.25,"end":10253.45},{"text":"effective","start":10253.45,"end":10253.85},{"text":"regional","start":10253.85,"end":10254.29},{"text":"cooperation.","start":10254.37,"end":10255.09}]},{"text":"However, many coastal states in our region lack the technological infrastructure, reliable data, and trained personnel required to maximize the benefits of innovation.","start":10255.65,"end":10265.25,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":10255.65,"end":10256.29},{"text":"many","start":10256.69,"end":10257.01},{"text":"coastal","start":10257.01,"end":10257.41},{"text":"states","start":10257.41,"end":10257.69},{"text":"in","start":10257.69,"end":10257.81},{"text":"our","start":10257.81,"end":10257.93},{"text":"region","start":10257.93,"end":10258.21},{"text":"lack","start":10258.21,"end":10258.45},{"text":"the","start":10258.45,"end":10258.57},{"text":"technological","start":10258.57,"end":10259.33},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":10259.33,"end":10260.21},{"text":"reliable","start":10260.45,"end":10261.01},{"text":"data,","start":10261.01,"end":10261.49},{"text":"and","start":10261.81,"end":10262.01},{"text":"trained","start":10262.01,"end":10262.29},{"text":"personnel","start":10262.29,"end":10262.77},{"text":"required","start":10262.77,"end":10263.21},{"text":"to","start":10263.21,"end":10263.33},{"text":"maximize","start":10263.33,"end":10263.85},{"text":"the","start":10263.85,"end":10263.93},{"text":"benefits","start":10263.97,"end":10264.41},{"text":"of","start":10264.41,"end":10264.53},{"text":"innovation.","start":10264.53,"end":10265.25}]},{"text":"Against this backdrop, Nigeria offers two recommendations: First, Promote a shared regional maritime picture.","start":10265.81,"end":10274.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Against","start":10265.81,"end":10266.13},{"text":"this","start":10266.13,"end":10266.29},{"text":"backdrop,","start":10266.29,"end":10267.41},{"text":"Nigeria","start":10267.81,"end":10268.45},{"text":"offers","start":10268.45,"end":10268.85},{"text":"two","start":10268.85,"end":10269.01},{"text":"recommendations:","start":10269.01,"end":10270.05},{"text":"First,","start":10270.69,"end":10271.17},{"text":"Promote","start":10272.41,"end":10272.93},{"text":"a","start":10272.93,"end":10272.97},{"text":"shared","start":10272.97,"end":10273.33},{"text":"regional","start":10273.33,"end":10273.81},{"text":"maritime","start":10273.81,"end":10274.29},{"text":"picture.","start":10274.29,"end":10274.77}]},{"text":"Building on resolution 2634 of 2022, the Council should encourage international partners, the International Maritime Organization, and UNODC to support the deployment of appropriate technologies and capacity building through the Yaoundé architecture.","start":10275.33,"end":10291.01,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."},{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."}],"words":[{"text":"Building","start":10275.33,"end":10275.77},{"text":"on","start":10275.81,"end":10275.93},{"text":"resolution","start":10275.93,"end":10276.45},{"text":"2634","start":10276.45,"end":10277.33},{"text":"of","start":10277.33,"end":10277.41},{"text":"2022,","start":10277.41,"end":10278.37},{"text":"the","start":10278.69,"end":10278.85},{"text":"Council","start":10278.85,"end":10279.25},{"text":"should","start":10279.25,"end":10279.49},{"text":"encourage","start":10279.49,"end":10279.97},{"text":"international","start":10279.97,"end":10280.65},{"text":"partners,","start":10280.65,"end":10281.25},{"text":"the","start":10281.49,"end":10281.61},{"text":"International","start":10281.61,"end":10282.25},{"text":"Maritime","start":10282.25,"end":10282.73},{"text":"Organization,","start":10282.73,"end":10283.57},{"text":"and","start":10283.57,"end":10283.81},{"text":"UNODC","start":10283.81,"end":10284.93},{"text":"to","start":10285.17,"end":10285.29},{"text":"support","start":10285.29,"end":10285.69},{"text":"the","start":10285.69,"end":10285.77},{"text":"deployment","start":10285.77,"end":10286.49},{"text":"of","start":10286.49,"end":10286.61},{"text":"appropriate","start":10286.61,"end":10287.13},{"text":"technologies","start":10287.13,"end":10287.81},{"text":"and","start":10288.13,"end":10288.37},{"text":"capacity","start":10288.37,"end":10288.93},{"text":"building","start":10288.93,"end":10289.29},{"text":"through","start":10289.33,"end":10289.57},{"text":"the","start":10289.57,"end":10289.65},{"text":"Yaoundé","start":10289.65,"end":10290.29},{"text":"architecture.","start":10290.29,"end":10291.01}]},{"text":"This would enable national surveillance systems to contribute to an interoperable regional maritime picture, guided by regional ownership and appropriate human oversight.","start":10291.81,"end":10302.77,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."},{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."},{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":10291.81,"end":10292.05},{"text":"would","start":10292.05,"end":10292.21},{"text":"enable","start":10292.21,"end":10292.69},{"text":"national","start":10293.17,"end":10294.01},{"text":"surveillance","start":10294.01,"end":10294.49},{"text":"systems","start":10294.49,"end":10294.85},{"text":"to","start":10294.85,"end":10294.93},{"text":"contribute","start":10294.93,"end":10295.57},{"text":"to","start":10295.89,"end":10296.05},{"text":"an","start":10296.09,"end":10296.29},{"text":"interoperable","start":10296.29,"end":10297.01},{"text":"regional","start":10297.01,"end":10298.09},{"text":"maritime","start":10298.09,"end":10298.69},{"text":"picture,","start":10298.69,"end":10299.17},{"text":"guided","start":10299.49,"end":10299.97},{"text":"by","start":10299.97,"end":10300.21},{"text":"regional","start":10300.21,"end":10300.69},{"text":"ownership","start":10300.69,"end":10301.17},{"text":"and","start":10301.17,"end":10301.37},{"text":"appropriate","start":10301.37,"end":10301.89},{"text":"human","start":10301.89,"end":10302.21},{"text":"oversight.","start":10302.21,"end":10302.77}]},{"text":"Developing coastal states must also have equitable access to these technologies on fair terms, ensuring that innovation narrows rather than widens existing gaps.","start":10303.57,"end":10313.81,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."}],"words":[{"text":"Developing","start":10303.57,"end":10304.13},{"text":"coastal","start":10304.13,"end":10304.61},{"text":"states","start":10304.61,"end":10305.01},{"text":"must","start":10305.01,"end":10305.25},{"text":"also","start":10305.25,"end":10305.65},{"text":"have","start":10305.65,"end":10305.89},{"text":"equitable","start":10305.93,"end":10306.53},{"text":"access","start":10306.53,"end":10307.09},{"text":"to","start":10307.49,"end":10307.57},{"text":"these","start":10307.57,"end":10307.89},{"text":"technologies","start":10307.89,"end":10308.77},{"text":"on","start":10308.77,"end":10309.01},{"text":"fair","start":10309.01,"end":10309.41},{"text":"terms,","start":10309.41,"end":10309.97},{"text":"ensuring","start":10310.29,"end":10310.77},{"text":"that","start":10310.77,"end":10310.93},{"text":"innovation","start":10310.93,"end":10311.61},{"text":"narrows","start":10311.61,"end":10311.97},{"text":"rather","start":10311.97,"end":10312.37},{"text":"than","start":10312.37,"end":10312.53},{"text":"widens","start":10312.53,"end":10312.97},{"text":"existing","start":10312.97,"end":10313.41},{"text":"gaps.","start":10313.41,"end":10313.81}]},{"text":"Second, ensure predictable financing for regional maritime operations.","start":10314.69,"end":10319.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":10314.69,"end":10315.17},{"text":"ensure","start":10315.81,"end":10316.21},{"text":"predictable","start":10316.21,"end":10317.09},{"text":"financing","start":10317.09,"end":10317.65},{"text":"for","start":10317.65,"end":10317.85},{"text":"regional","start":10317.85,"end":10318.21},{"text":"maritime","start":10318.21,"end":10318.69},{"text":"operations.","start":10318.69,"end":10319.41}]},{"text":"In April 2025, the African Union Peace and Security Council endorsed the operationalization of the Combined Maritime Task Force for the Gulf of Guinea, whose headquarters Nigeria is recommended to host.","start":10320.13,"end":10332.41,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10320.13,"end":10320.25},{"text":"April","start":10320.25,"end":10320.65},{"text":"2025,","start":10320.65,"end":10321.69},{"text":"the","start":10322.25,"end":10322.37},{"text":"African","start":10322.37,"end":10322.89},{"text":"Union","start":10322.89,"end":10323.21},{"text":"Peace","start":10323.21,"end":10323.53},{"text":"and","start":10323.53,"end":10323.69},{"text":"Security","start":10323.69,"end":10324.17},{"text":"Council","start":10324.17,"end":10324.57},{"text":"endorsed","start":10324.57,"end":10325.01},{"text":"the","start":10325.01,"end":10325.09},{"text":"operationalization","start":10325.13,"end":10326.17},{"text":"of","start":10326.17,"end":10326.25},{"text":"the","start":10326.25,"end":10326.37},{"text":"Combined","start":10326.37,"end":10326.97},{"text":"Maritime","start":10326.97,"end":10327.45},{"text":"Task","start":10327.45,"end":10327.69},{"text":"Force","start":10327.69,"end":10328.01},{"text":"for","start":10328.33,"end":10328.53},{"text":"the","start":10328.53,"end":10328.65},{"text":"Gulf","start":10328.65,"end":10328.97},{"text":"of","start":10328.97,"end":10329.05},{"text":"Guinea,","start":10329.05,"end":10329.53},{"text":"whose","start":10329.85,"end":10330.13},{"text":"headquarters","start":10330.13,"end":10330.65},{"text":"Nigeria","start":10330.65,"end":10331.13},{"text":"is","start":10331.13,"end":10331.29},{"text":"recommended","start":10331.29,"end":10331.85},{"text":"to","start":10331.85,"end":10331.97},{"text":"host.","start":10331.97,"end":10332.41}]},{"text":"Sustaining effective maritime surveillance and joint operations requires sustainable and dependable resources.","start":10333.13,"end":10339.29,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."},{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"Sustaining","start":10333.13,"end":10333.85},{"text":"effective","start":10333.85,"end":10334.29},{"text":"maritime","start":10334.29,"end":10334.77},{"text":"surveillance","start":10334.77,"end":10335.33},{"text":"and","start":10335.33,"end":10335.53},{"text":"joint","start":10335.53,"end":10335.85},{"text":"operations","start":10335.85,"end":10336.49},{"text":"requires","start":10336.73,"end":10337.25},{"text":"sustainable","start":10337.25,"end":10337.93},{"text":"and","start":10337.93,"end":10338.13},{"text":"dependable","start":10338.13,"end":10338.65},{"text":"resources.","start":10338.65,"end":10339.29}]},{"text":"Resolution 2719 of 2023 provides the framework for adequate, sustainable, and predictable financing of African Union-led peace support operations authorized by this Council.","start":10340.05,"end":10352.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Resolution","start":10340.05,"end":10340.61},{"text":"2719","start":10340.61,"end":10341.69},{"text":"of","start":10341.69,"end":10341.81},{"text":"2023","start":10341.81,"end":10342.77},{"text":"provides","start":10343.09,"end":10343.73},{"text":"the","start":10343.73,"end":10343.85},{"text":"framework","start":10343.85,"end":10344.37},{"text":"for","start":10344.37,"end":10344.53},{"text":"adequate,","start":10344.53,"end":10345.01},{"text":"sustainable,","start":10345.01,"end":10345.65},{"text":"and","start":10345.65,"end":10345.81},{"text":"predictable","start":10345.81,"end":10346.53},{"text":"financing","start":10346.53,"end":10347.09},{"text":"of","start":10347.33,"end":10347.49},{"text":"African","start":10347.49,"end":10347.97},{"text":"Union-led","start":10348.21,"end":10348.85},{"text":"peace","start":10348.85,"end":10349.21},{"text":"support","start":10349.21,"end":10349.65},{"text":"operations","start":10349.97,"end":10350.93},{"text":"authorized","start":10351.33,"end":10351.89},{"text":"by","start":10351.89,"end":10352.05},{"text":"this","start":10352.05,"end":10352.21},{"text":"Council.","start":10352.21,"end":10352.77}]},{"text":"Nigeria urges the Council to remain prepared to apply this framework as appropriate to support regional maritime security operations.","start":10353.57,"end":10361.65,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"Nigeria","start":10353.57,"end":10354.13},{"text":"urges","start":10354.13,"end":10354.37},{"text":"the","start":10354.37,"end":10354.53},{"text":"Council","start":10354.53,"end":10354.89},{"text":"to","start":10354.89,"end":10355.01},{"text":"remain","start":10355.01,"end":10355.33},{"text":"prepared","start":10355.33,"end":10355.81},{"text":"to","start":10355.81,"end":10355.93},{"text":"apply","start":10355.93,"end":10356.29},{"text":"this","start":10356.37,"end":10356.69},{"text":"framework","start":10356.85,"end":10357.49},{"text":"as","start":10357.89,"end":10358.13},{"text":"appropriate","start":10358.13,"end":10358.85},{"text":"to","start":10358.93,"end":10359.05},{"text":"support","start":10359.09,"end":10359.49},{"text":"regional","start":10359.49,"end":10359.93},{"text":"maritime","start":10359.93,"end":10360.53},{"text":"security","start":10360.53,"end":10360.97},{"text":"operations.","start":10360.97,"end":10361.65}]},{"text":"Mr. President, Nigeria remains committed to working with the states of the Gulf of Guinea, ECOWAS, ECAS, the African Union, and this Council to ensure that emerging technologies serve as instruments of collective security, making our waters safer for seafarers, coastal communities, and international shipping.","start":10362.37,"end":10382.41,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":10362.37,"end":10362.57},{"text":"President,","start":10362.57,"end":10363.13},{"text":"Nigeria","start":10363.53,"end":10364.01},{"text":"remains","start":10364.01,"end":10364.41},{"text":"committed","start":10364.41,"end":10364.93},{"text":"to","start":10364.93,"end":10365.13},{"text":"working","start":10365.13,"end":10365.53},{"text":"with","start":10365.53,"end":10365.73},{"text":"the","start":10365.73,"end":10365.81},{"text":"states","start":10365.81,"end":10366.29},{"text":"of","start":10366.29,"end":10366.41},{"text":"the","start":10366.41,"end":10366.49},{"text":"Gulf","start":10366.49,"end":10366.81},{"text":"of","start":10366.81,"end":10366.97},{"text":"Guinea,","start":10366.97,"end":10367.45},{"text":"ECOWAS,","start":10367.81,"end":10368.33},{"text":"ECAS,","start":10368.65,"end":10369.29},{"text":"the","start":10369.61,"end":10369.73},{"text":"African","start":10369.77,"end":10370.25},{"text":"Union,","start":10370.25,"end":10370.65},{"text":"and","start":10370.65,"end":10370.89},{"text":"this","start":10370.89,"end":10371.13},{"text":"Council","start":10371.13,"end":10371.77},{"text":"to","start":10372.09,"end":10372.21},{"text":"ensure","start":10372.25,"end":10372.81},{"text":"that","start":10372.81,"end":10372.97},{"text":"emerging","start":10372.97,"end":10373.53},{"text":"technologies","start":10373.53,"end":10374.25},{"text":"serve","start":10374.25,"end":10374.65},{"text":"as","start":10374.65,"end":10374.81},{"text":"instruments","start":10374.81,"end":10375.41},{"text":"of","start":10375.41,"end":10375.53},{"text":"collective","start":10375.53,"end":10376.01},{"text":"security,","start":10376.01,"end":10376.65},{"text":"making","start":10377.05,"end":10377.45},{"text":"our","start":10377.45,"end":10377.57},{"text":"waters","start":10377.57,"end":10377.93},{"text":"safer","start":10377.93,"end":10378.33},{"text":"for","start":10378.33,"end":10378.53},{"text":"seafarers,","start":10378.53,"end":10379.29},{"text":"coastal","start":10379.61,"end":10380.01},{"text":"communities,","start":10380.01,"end":10380.73},{"text":"and","start":10381.05,"end":10381.29},{"text":"international","start":10381.29,"end":10382.01},{"text":"shipping.","start":10382.01,"end":10382.41}]},{"text":"I thank you, Mr. President.","start":10382.65,"end":10383.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10382.65,"end":10382.81},{"text":"thank","start":10382.81,"end":10383.05},{"text":"you,","start":10383.05,"end":10383.13},{"text":"Mr.","start":10383.13,"end":10383.37},{"text":"President.","start":10383.37,"end":10383.93}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"NGA","group":null,"function":"Permanent Secretary of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs","affiliation_full":"Nigeria"}},{"statement_number":48,"start":10384.85,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=2:53:05","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank His Excellency Mr. Ahmed for the statement, and I now give the floor to His Excellency Mr. Mohamed Nasir, Principal Secretary to the President on Foreign Relations of the Maldives.","start":10384.85,"end":10394.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10384.85,"end":10384.86},{"text":"thank","start":10384.93,"end":10385.13},{"text":"His","start":10385.13,"end":10385.33},{"text":"Excellency","start":10385.33,"end":10385.77},{"text":"Mr.","start":10385.77,"end":10386.13},{"text":"Ahmed","start":10386.13,"end":10386.45},{"text":"for","start":10386.45,"end":10386.61},{"text":"the","start":10386.61,"end":10386.73},{"text":"statement,","start":10386.73,"end":10387.49},{"text":"and","start":10387.57,"end":10387.81},{"text":"I","start":10387.81,"end":10387.89},{"text":"now","start":10387.89,"end":10388.21},{"text":"give","start":10388.21,"end":10388.45},{"text":"the","start":10388.45,"end":10388.53},{"text":"floor","start":10388.53,"end":10388.85},{"text":"to","start":10388.85,"end":10389.01},{"text":"His","start":10389.01,"end":10389.17},{"text":"Excellency","start":10389.17,"end":10389.57},{"text":"Mr.","start":10389.57,"end":10389.81},{"text":"Mohamed","start":10389.81,"end":10390.29},{"text":"Nasir,","start":10390.29,"end":10390.77},{"text":"Principal","start":10390.77,"end":10391.21},{"text":"Secretary","start":10391.21,"end":10391.65},{"text":"to","start":10391.65,"end":10391.77},{"text":"the","start":10391.77,"end":10391.89},{"text":"President","start":10391.89,"end":10392.33},{"text":"on","start":10392.33,"end":10392.45},{"text":"Foreign","start":10392.45,"end":10392.77},{"text":"Relations","start":10392.77,"end":10393.41},{"text":"of","start":10393.41,"end":10393.49},{"text":"the","start":10393.49,"end":10393.65},{"text":"Maldives.","start":10393.65,"end":10394.29}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GRC","group":null,"function":"President of the Security Council","affiliation_full":"Greece"}},{"statement_number":49,"start":10395.73,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=2:53:16","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. President. Mr. President, for the Maldives, the ocean connects our islands to each other and our country to the world.","start":10395.73,"end":10404.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10395.73,"end":10396.01},{"text":"you,","start":10396.01,"end":10396.09},{"text":"Mr.","start":10396.09,"end":10396.37},{"text":"President.","start":10396.37,"end":10397.01},{"text":"Mr.","start":10398.13,"end":10398.45},{"text":"President,","start":10398.45,"end":10399.01},{"text":"for","start":10399.01,"end":10399.25},{"text":"the","start":10399.25,"end":10399.33},{"text":"Maldives,","start":10399.33,"end":10400.05},{"text":"the","start":10400.05,"end":10400.25},{"text":"ocean","start":10400.25,"end":10400.61},{"text":"connects","start":10400.61,"end":10401.17},{"text":"our","start":10401.25,"end":10401.33},{"text":"islands","start":10401.33,"end":10401.81},{"text":"to","start":10402.29,"end":10402.37},{"text":"each","start":10402.37,"end":10402.61},{"text":"other","start":10402.61,"end":10402.93},{"text":"and","start":10403.49,"end":10403.69},{"text":"our","start":10403.69,"end":10403.81},{"text":"country","start":10403.81,"end":10404.21},{"text":"to","start":10404.21,"end":10404.37},{"text":"the","start":10404.37,"end":10404.45},{"text":"world.","start":10404.45,"end":10404.85}]},{"text":"For small archipelagic states, emerging technologies can help overcome the limits of distance and scale, strengthen national capacity, and give states greater ability to protect their maritime domain and make decisions for themselves.","start":10406.13,"end":10423.65,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":10406.13,"end":10406.37},{"text":"small","start":10406.37,"end":10406.77},{"text":"archipelagic","start":10406.77,"end":10407.65},{"text":"states,","start":10407.65,"end":10408.21},{"text":"emerging","start":10408.29,"end":10408.73},{"text":"technologies","start":10408.73,"end":10409.57},{"text":"can","start":10409.57,"end":10409.73},{"text":"help","start":10409.73,"end":10410.21},{"text":"overcome","start":10410.21,"end":10410.85},{"text":"the","start":10411.09,"end":10411.33},{"text":"limits","start":10411.33,"end":10411.77},{"text":"of","start":10411.77,"end":10411.89},{"text":"distance","start":10411.89,"end":10412.61},{"text":"and","start":10413.05,"end":10413.17},{"text":"scale,","start":10413.17,"end":10413.81},{"text":"strengthen","start":10414.13,"end":10414.85},{"text":"national","start":10415.57,"end":10416.05},{"text":"capacity,","start":10416.05,"end":10416.77},{"text":"and","start":10417.09,"end":10417.25},{"text":"give","start":10417.25,"end":10417.49},{"text":"states","start":10417.49,"end":10417.97},{"text":"greater","start":10417.97,"end":10418.45},{"text":"ability","start":10418.45,"end":10418.93},{"text":"to","start":10418.93,"end":10419.09},{"text":"protect","start":10419.09,"end":10419.65},{"text":"their","start":10419.97,"end":10420.21},{"text":"maritime","start":10420.21,"end":10420.69},{"text":"domain","start":10420.69,"end":10421.17},{"text":"and","start":10421.45,"end":10421.65},{"text":"make","start":10421.65,"end":10421.97},{"text":"decisions","start":10422.05,"end":10422.69},{"text":"for","start":10422.69,"end":10422.93},{"text":"themselves.","start":10422.93,"end":10423.65}]},{"text":"I would therefore like to make three points on how these technologies can strengthen the sovereign choices of small archipelagic states like the Maldives.","start":10424.93,"end":10434.85,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10424.93,"end":10425.01},{"text":"would","start":10425.01,"end":10425.17},{"text":"therefore","start":10425.17,"end":10425.49},{"text":"like","start":10425.49,"end":10425.73},{"text":"to","start":10425.73,"end":10425.89},{"text":"make","start":10425.89,"end":10426.21},{"text":"three","start":10426.21,"end":10426.45},{"text":"points","start":10426.45,"end":10426.93},{"text":"on","start":10426.93,"end":10427.09},{"text":"how","start":10427.09,"end":10427.33},{"text":"these","start":10427.33,"end":10427.65},{"text":"technologies","start":10427.65,"end":10428.45},{"text":"can","start":10428.45,"end":10428.77},{"text":"strengthen","start":10428.77,"end":10429.33},{"text":"the","start":10429.73,"end":10429.93},{"text":"sovereign","start":10429.93,"end":10430.61},{"text":"choices","start":10430.85,"end":10431.45},{"text":"of","start":10431.45,"end":10431.57},{"text":"small","start":10431.57,"end":10431.97},{"text":"archipelagic","start":10432.37,"end":10433.17},{"text":"states","start":10433.17,"end":10433.65},{"text":"like","start":10433.73,"end":10434.05},{"text":"the","start":10434.05,"end":10434.13},{"text":"Maldives.","start":10434.13,"end":10434.85}]},{"text":"First, emerging technologies can strengthen maritime domain awareness.","start":10435.81,"end":10441.17,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":10435.81,"end":10436.37},{"text":"emerging","start":10437.09,"end":10437.57},{"text":"technologies","start":10438.05,"end":10438.77},{"text":"can","start":10438.77,"end":10439.01},{"text":"strengthen","start":10439.01,"end":10439.57},{"text":"maritime","start":10439.65,"end":10440.13},{"text":"domain","start":10440.13,"end":10440.53},{"text":"awareness.","start":10440.53,"end":10441.17}]},{"text":"vast maritime areas cannot be monitored by ships and aircraft alone.","start":10442.01,"end":10448.89,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."}],"words":[{"text":"vast","start":10442.01,"end":10442.41},{"text":"maritime","start":10442.41,"end":10442.97},{"text":"areas","start":10443.69,"end":10444.41},{"text":"cannot","start":10444.97,"end":10445.37},{"text":"be","start":10445.37,"end":10445.61},{"text":"monitored","start":10445.61,"end":10446.21},{"text":"by","start":10446.21,"end":10446.41},{"text":"ships","start":10446.41,"end":10446.97},{"text":"and","start":10447.05,"end":10447.37},{"text":"aircraft","start":10447.45,"end":10448.25},{"text":"alone.","start":10448.41,"end":10448.89}]},{"text":"Satellite imagery, radar, vessel tracking systems, unmanned platforms, and artificial intelligence can be combined to provide a clearer picture of activity at sea.","start":10449.37,"end":10464.81,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. 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Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"Satellite","start":10449.37,"end":10450.17},{"text":"imagery,","start":10450.49,"end":10451.29},{"text":"radar,","start":10451.53,"end":10452.65},{"text":"vessel","start":10452.93,"end":10453.29},{"text":"tracking","start":10453.29,"end":10453.69},{"text":"systems,","start":10453.69,"end":10454.33},{"text":"unmanned","start":10455.17,"end":10455.85},{"text":"platforms,","start":10456.21,"end":10456.89},{"text":"and","start":10456.93,"end":10457.05},{"text":"artificial","start":10457.05,"end":10457.93},{"text":"intelligence","start":10457.93,"end":10458.73},{"text":"can","start":10459.29,"end":10459.61},{"text":"be","start":10459.61,"end":10459.93},{"text":"combined","start":10459.93,"end":10460.57},{"text":"to","start":10460.57,"end":10460.73},{"text":"provide","start":10460.73,"end":10461.29},{"text":"a","start":10461.37,"end":10461.45},{"text":"clearer","start":10461.53,"end":10462.09},{"text":"picture","start":10462.33,"end":10462.89},{"text":"of","start":10463.29,"end":10463.53},{"text":"activity","start":10463.53,"end":10464.05},{"text":"at","start":10464.05,"end":10464.25},{"text":"sea.","start":10464.33,"end":10464.81}]},{"text":"The Maldives has already begun putting some of this technology into practice.","start":10466.09,"end":10471.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10466.09,"end":10466.29},{"text":"Maldives","start":10466.29,"end":10466.81},{"text":"has","start":10466.81,"end":10466.97},{"text":"already","start":10466.97,"end":10467.69},{"text":"begun","start":10468.01,"end":10468.65},{"text":"putting","start":10468.81,"end":10469.13},{"text":"some","start":10469.13,"end":10469.37},{"text":"of","start":10469.37,"end":10469.53},{"text":"this","start":10469.53,"end":10469.77},{"text":"technology","start":10469.77,"end":10470.41},{"text":"into","start":10470.41,"end":10470.97},{"text":"practice.","start":10470.97,"end":10471.61}]},{"text":"In 2020, 24, the Maldives introduced UAV surveillance of its maritime domain.","start":10472.21,"end":10479.97,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. 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Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10472.21,"end":10472.37},{"text":"2020,","start":10472.37,"end":10473.01},{"text":"24,","start":10473.01,"end":10474.05},{"text":"the","start":10474.29,"end":10474.49},{"text":"Maldives","start":10474.49,"end":10475.01},{"text":"introduced","start":10475.01,"end":10475.81},{"text":"UAV","start":10476.53,"end":10477.25},{"text":"surveillance","start":10477.81,"end":10478.61},{"text":"of","start":10478.61,"end":10478.77},{"text":"its","start":10478.77,"end":10479.01},{"text":"maritime","start":10479.01,"end":10479.49},{"text":"domain.","start":10479.49,"end":10479.97}]},{"text":"That capability has since been used to detect vessels operating illegally in Maldivian waters.","start":10480.85,"end":10487.89,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. 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Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":10480.85,"end":10481.25},{"text":"capability","start":10481.25,"end":10482.13},{"text":"has","start":10482.69,"end":10483.01},{"text":"since","start":10483.01,"end":10483.25},{"text":"been","start":10483.25,"end":10483.57},{"text":"used","start":10483.57,"end":10484.09},{"text":"to","start":10484.09,"end":10484.21},{"text":"detect","start":10484.21,"end":10484.69},{"text":"vessels","start":10484.69,"end":10485.25},{"text":"operating","start":10485.41,"end":10485.97},{"text":"illegally","start":10485.97,"end":10486.53},{"text":"in","start":10486.53,"end":10486.69},{"text":"Maldivian","start":10486.69,"end":10487.25},{"text":"waters.","start":10487.25,"end":10487.89}]},{"text":"The Maldives has also introduced mandatory vessel tracking devices and a system of joint monitoring by relevant national authorities.","start":10489.25,"end":10499.33,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."},{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10489.25,"end":10489.41},{"text":"Maldives","start":10489.41,"end":10489.97},{"text":"has","start":10489.97,"end":10490.21},{"text":"also","start":10490.21,"end":10490.61},{"text":"introduced","start":10490.61,"end":10491.33},{"text":"mandatory","start":10491.33,"end":10492.13},{"text":"vessel","start":10492.45,"end":10492.93},{"text":"tracking","start":10492.93,"end":10493.25},{"text":"devices","start":10493.25,"end":10493.97},{"text":"and","start":10494.45,"end":10494.69},{"text":"a","start":10494.69,"end":10494.73},{"text":"system","start":10494.73,"end":10495.17},{"text":"of","start":10495.17,"end":10495.41},{"text":"joint","start":10495.57,"end":10495.97},{"text":"monitoring","start":10495.97,"end":10496.61},{"text":"by","start":10496.85,"end":10497.09},{"text":"relevant","start":10497.09,"end":10497.73},{"text":"national","start":10497.97,"end":10498.53},{"text":"authorities.","start":10498.53,"end":10499.33}]},{"text":"International and regional cooperation can indeed help SIDS take this further.","start":10500.41,"end":10507.25,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."},{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."}],"words":[{"text":"International","start":10500.41,"end":10500.97},{"text":"and","start":10500.97,"end":10501.13},{"text":"regional","start":10501.13,"end":10501.53},{"text":"cooperation","start":10501.53,"end":10502.25},{"text":"can","start":10502.97,"end":10503.45},{"text":"indeed","start":10503.77,"end":10504.49},{"text":"help","start":10504.49,"end":10504.89},{"text":"SIDS","start":10504.89,"end":10505.29},{"text":"take","start":10505.85,"end":10506.17},{"text":"this","start":10506.57,"end":10506.89},{"text":"further.","start":10506.89,"end":10507.25}]},{"text":"Shared satellite and ocean data platforms can allow states to detect IUU fishing, trafficking, vessels operating without reliable tracking signals, and other maritime threats.","start":10508.01,"end":10523.37,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."},{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."}],"words":[{"text":"Shared","start":10508.01,"end":10508.57},{"text":"satellite","start":10508.73,"end":10509.45},{"text":"and","start":10509.45,"end":10509.77},{"text":"ocean","start":10509.77,"end":10510.17},{"text":"data","start":10510.17,"end":10510.45},{"text":"platforms","start":10510.45,"end":10511.13},{"text":"can","start":10511.61,"end":10511.85},{"text":"allow","start":10511.85,"end":10512.17},{"text":"states","start":10512.17,"end":10512.73},{"text":"to","start":10513.13,"end":10513.29},{"text":"detect","start":10513.29,"end":10513.93},{"text":"IUU","start":10514.41,"end":10515.21},{"text":"fishing,","start":10515.21,"end":10515.69},{"text":"trafficking,","start":10516.81,"end":10517.45},{"text":"vessels","start":10517.85,"end":10518.37},{"text":"operating","start":10518.37,"end":10518.89},{"text":"without","start":10518.89,"end":10519.45},{"text":"reliable","start":10519.45,"end":10520.17},{"text":"tracking","start":10520.57,"end":10520.97},{"text":"signals,","start":10520.97,"end":10521.61},{"text":"and","start":10521.85,"end":10522.17},{"text":"other","start":10522.17,"end":10522.41},{"text":"maritime","start":10522.41,"end":10522.89},{"text":"threats.","start":10522.89,"end":10523.37}]},{"text":"But access to data alone is not enough.","start":10524.81,"end":10527.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":10524.81,"end":10525.13},{"text":"access","start":10525.13,"end":10525.53},{"text":"to","start":10525.53,"end":10525.65},{"text":"data","start":10525.65,"end":10526.05},{"text":"alone","start":10526.05,"end":10526.41},{"text":"is","start":10526.41,"end":10526.65},{"text":"not","start":10526.65,"end":10526.93},{"text":"enough.","start":10526.93,"end":10527.37}]},{"text":"SIDS need analytical tools and trained personnel to combine information for satellites, radar vessels, and other sources to turn into decisions they can act upon.","start":10528.45,"end":10544.85,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."},{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."}],"words":[{"text":"SIDS","start":10528.45,"end":10528.69},{"text":"need","start":10528.69,"end":10529.17},{"text":"analytical","start":10529.57,"end":10530.29},{"text":"tools","start":10530.69,"end":10531.33},{"text":"and","start":10531.57,"end":10531.81},{"text":"trained","start":10531.81,"end":10532.21},{"text":"personnel","start":10532.21,"end":10532.93},{"text":"to","start":10533.49,"end":10533.61},{"text":"combine","start":10533.61,"end":10534.21},{"text":"information","start":10534.61,"end":10535.49},{"text":"for","start":10535.81,"end":10536.05},{"text":"satellites,","start":10536.05,"end":10536.85},{"text":"radar","start":10537.33,"end":10537.89},{"text":"vessels,","start":10537.89,"end":10538.53},{"text":"and","start":10539.09,"end":10539.65},{"text":"other","start":10540.05,"end":10540.29},{"text":"sources","start":10540.29,"end":10540.93},{"text":"to","start":10541.41,"end":10541.69},{"text":"turn","start":10541.69,"end":10541.89},{"text":"into","start":10541.89,"end":10542.21},{"text":"decisions","start":10542.37,"end":10543.09},{"text":"they","start":10543.49,"end":10543.73},{"text":"can","start":10543.73,"end":10544.05},{"text":"act","start":10544.05,"end":10544.41},{"text":"upon.","start":10544.41,"end":10544.85}]},{"text":"Second, resilience must be built into these systems from the start.","start":10546.53,"end":10552.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":10546.53,"end":10547.17},{"text":"resilience","start":10547.81,"end":10548.61},{"text":"must","start":10548.61,"end":10548.89},{"text":"be","start":10548.89,"end":10549.01},{"text":"built","start":10549.01,"end":10549.49},{"text":"into","start":10549.81,"end":10550.13},{"text":"these","start":10550.13,"end":10550.45},{"text":"systems","start":10550.45,"end":10551.17},{"text":"from","start":10551.49,"end":10551.73},{"text":"the","start":10551.73,"end":10551.81},{"text":"start.","start":10551.81,"end":10552.37}]},{"text":"Emerging technologies can themselves create vulnerabilities.","start":10553.49,"end":10557.97,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"Emerging","start":10553.49,"end":10553.85},{"text":"technologies","start":10553.85,"end":10554.69},{"text":"can","start":10554.69,"end":10554.93},{"text":"themselves","start":10554.93,"end":10555.57},{"text":"create","start":10555.57,"end":10556.13},{"text":"vulnerabilities.","start":10556.13,"end":10557.97}]},{"text":"Navigation and vessel tracking signals can be jammed or spoofed.","start":10558.53,"end":10565.17,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"Navigation","start":10558.53,"end":10559.41},{"text":"and","start":10559.73,"end":10559.97},{"text":"vessel","start":10559.97,"end":10560.29},{"text":"tracking","start":10560.29,"end":10560.77},{"text":"signals","start":10560.85,"end":10561.57},{"text":"can","start":10561.97,"end":10562.21},{"text":"be","start":10562.21,"end":10562.45},{"text":"jammed","start":10562.85,"end":10563.49},{"text":"or","start":10563.97,"end":10564.29},{"text":"spoofed.","start":10564.45,"end":10565.17}]},{"text":"Ports and vessels can be targeted through cyber attacks.","start":10566.45,"end":10570.45,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"Ports","start":10566.45,"end":10566.97},{"text":"and","start":10566.97,"end":10567.17},{"text":"vessels","start":10567.17,"end":10567.65},{"text":"can","start":10567.65,"end":10567.89},{"text":"be","start":10567.89,"end":10568.05},{"text":"targeted","start":10568.05,"end":10568.69},{"text":"through","start":10569.01,"end":10569.49},{"text":"cyber","start":10569.49,"end":10569.97},{"text":"attacks.","start":10569.97,"end":10570.45}]},{"text":"We know that AI systems themselves can be misled by manipulated data.","start":10571.17,"end":10576.49,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."},{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10571.17,"end":10571.41},{"text":"know","start":10571.41,"end":10571.57},{"text":"that","start":10571.57,"end":10571.97},{"text":"AI","start":10571.97,"end":10572.21},{"text":"systems","start":10572.21,"end":10572.77},{"text":"themselves","start":10572.77,"end":10573.33},{"text":"can","start":10573.33,"end":10573.57},{"text":"be","start":10573.57,"end":10573.89},{"text":"misled","start":10574.37,"end":10574.93},{"text":"by","start":10574.93,"end":10575.17},{"text":"manipulated","start":10575.33,"end":10576.17},{"text":"data.","start":10576.17,"end":10576.49}]},{"text":"and disruption into a submarine cable can affect communications and essential services across the archipelagic state.","start":10577.65,"end":10587.33,"topics":[{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":10577.65,"end":10577.85},{"text":"disruption","start":10577.85,"end":10578.61},{"text":"into","start":10579.01,"end":10579.37},{"text":"a","start":10579.57,"end":10579.73},{"text":"submarine","start":10579.73,"end":10580.29},{"text":"cable","start":10580.29,"end":10580.77},{"text":"can","start":10580.93,"end":10581.25},{"text":"affect","start":10581.25,"end":10581.73},{"text":"communications","start":10581.73,"end":10582.77},{"text":"and","start":10583.09,"end":10583.33},{"text":"essential","start":10583.33,"end":10583.81},{"text":"services","start":10583.81,"end":10584.45},{"text":"across","start":10584.85,"end":10585.33},{"text":"the","start":10585.49,"end":10585.77},{"text":"archipelagic","start":10585.81,"end":10586.69},{"text":"state.","start":10586.69,"end":10587.33}]},{"text":"The response is not less technology, but more resilient technology.","start":10588.37,"end":10593.73,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10588.37,"end":10588.49},{"text":"response","start":10588.49,"end":10588.97},{"text":"is","start":10588.97,"end":10589.17},{"text":"not","start":10589.17,"end":10589.57},{"text":"less","start":10589.97,"end":10590.37},{"text":"technology,","start":10590.37,"end":10591.17},{"text":"but","start":10591.41,"end":10591.89},{"text":"more","start":10592.13,"end":10592.49},{"text":"resilient","start":10592.49,"end":10592.97},{"text":"technology.","start":10592.97,"end":10593.73}]},{"text":"Maritime systems need verification across different data sources.","start":10594.37,"end":10598.77,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."}],"words":[{"text":"Maritime","start":10594.37,"end":10594.85},{"text":"systems","start":10594.85,"end":10595.41},{"text":"need","start":10595.41,"end":10595.73},{"text":"verification","start":10595.73,"end":10596.53},{"text":"across","start":10596.93,"end":10597.33},{"text":"different","start":10597.33,"end":10597.77},{"text":"data","start":10597.77,"end":10598.09},{"text":"sources.","start":10598.09,"end":10598.77}]},{"text":"stronger cyber protection, backup navigation and communications, and greater redundancy in critical infrastructure.","start":10599.33,"end":10608.21,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."},{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"stronger","start":10599.33,"end":10599.73},{"text":"cyber","start":10599.73,"end":10600.13},{"text":"protection,","start":10600.13,"end":10600.85},{"text":"backup","start":10601.33,"end":10601.81},{"text":"navigation","start":10601.81,"end":10602.61},{"text":"and","start":10602.69,"end":10602.93},{"text":"communications,","start":10602.93,"end":10603.89},{"text":"and","start":10604.13,"end":10604.37},{"text":"greater","start":10604.37,"end":10604.93},{"text":"redundancy","start":10605.57,"end":10606.53},{"text":"in","start":10606.61,"end":10606.93},{"text":"critical","start":10606.97,"end":10607.49},{"text":"infrastructure.","start":10607.49,"end":10608.21}]},{"text":"Cooperation should also improve protection and mapping of submarine cables, information sharing on incidents, and arrangements for rapid repair.","start":10609.17,"end":10619.97,"topics":[{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."},{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"Cooperation","start":10609.17,"end":10609.81},{"text":"should","start":10609.81,"end":10610.21},{"text":"also","start":10610.53,"end":10610.93},{"text":"improve","start":10610.93,"end":10611.33},{"text":"protection","start":10611.33,"end":10612.05},{"text":"and","start":10612.05,"end":10612.21},{"text":"mapping","start":10612.21,"end":10612.69},{"text":"of","start":10612.69,"end":10612.93},{"text":"submarine","start":10613.01,"end":10613.57},{"text":"cables,","start":10613.57,"end":10614.13},{"text":"information","start":10614.85,"end":10615.49},{"text":"sharing","start":10615.49,"end":10616.05},{"text":"on","start":10616.37,"end":10616.61},{"text":"incidents,","start":10616.61,"end":10617.41},{"text":"and","start":10617.73,"end":10617.97},{"text":"arrangements","start":10617.97,"end":10618.69},{"text":"for","start":10618.85,"end":10619.13},{"text":"rapid","start":10619.13,"end":10619.57},{"text":"repair.","start":10619.57,"end":10619.97}]},{"text":"Third, access to technology must build national capability not technological independence.","start":10622.53,"end":10631.21,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":10622.53,"end":10623.09},{"text":"access","start":10623.49,"end":10623.97},{"text":"to","start":10623.97,"end":10624.13},{"text":"technology","start":10624.17,"end":10624.85},{"text":"must","start":10625.25,"end":10625.65},{"text":"build","start":10625.65,"end":10626.13},{"text":"national","start":10626.13,"end":10626.69},{"text":"capability","start":10627.73,"end":10628.53},{"text":"not","start":10629.21,"end":10629.57},{"text":"technological","start":10629.57,"end":10630.25},{"text":"independence.","start":10630.25,"end":10631.21}]},{"text":"Capacity gaps in SIDS should not be viewed merely as a local challenge, but as a potential weak link in international security that can imperil vital sea lines of communication.","start":10632.09,"end":10649.29,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."},{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Capacity","start":10632.09,"end":10632.69},{"text":"gaps","start":10632.69,"end":10633.01},{"text":"in","start":10633.01,"end":10633.21},{"text":"SIDS","start":10633.21,"end":10633.69},{"text":"should","start":10634.01,"end":10634.41},{"text":"not","start":10634.41,"end":10634.73},{"text":"be","start":10634.73,"end":10634.89},{"text":"viewed","start":10634.89,"end":10635.37},{"text":"merely","start":10635.61,"end":10636.09},{"text":"as","start":10636.09,"end":10636.33},{"text":"a","start":10636.33,"end":10636.37},{"text":"local","start":10636.37,"end":10636.81},{"text":"challenge,","start":10636.81,"end":10637.45},{"text":"but","start":10638.01,"end":10638.41},{"text":"as","start":10638.41,"end":10638.57},{"text":"a","start":10638.57,"end":10638.65},{"text":"potential","start":10638.65,"end":10639.29},{"text":"weak","start":10639.29,"end":10639.69},{"text":"link","start":10639.69,"end":10640.09},{"text":"in","start":10640.49,"end":10640.73},{"text":"international","start":10640.73,"end":10641.37},{"text":"security","start":10641.37,"end":10642.09},{"text":"that","start":10643.37,"end":10643.61},{"text":"can","start":10643.61,"end":10644.01},{"text":"imperil","start":10645.05,"end":10645.85},{"text":"vital","start":10647.05,"end":10647.45},{"text":"sea","start":10647.45,"end":10647.93},{"text":"lines","start":10647.93,"end":10648.33},{"text":"of","start":10648.33,"end":10648.49},{"text":"communication.","start":10648.49,"end":10649.29}]},{"text":"The Maldives call for sustained technological support for SIDS, training, capacity building, SIDS need training, specialists, secure data systems, regulatory frameworks, and institutions capable of operating and maintaining these technologies over time.","start":10650.17,"end":10670.93,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10650.17,"end":10650.33},{"text":"Maldives","start":10650.33,"end":10650.89},{"text":"call","start":10650.89,"end":10651.29},{"text":"for","start":10651.29,"end":10651.53},{"text":"sustained","start":10651.53,"end":10652.33},{"text":"technological","start":10652.73,"end":10653.57},{"text":"support","start":10653.57,"end":10654.09},{"text":"for","start":10654.09,"end":10654.25},{"text":"SIDS,","start":10654.25,"end":10654.73},{"text":"training,","start":10655.29,"end":10655.85},{"text":"capacity","start":10656.25,"end":10656.89},{"text":"building,","start":10656.89,"end":10657.37},{"text":"SIDS","start":10658.05,"end":10658.37},{"text":"need","start":10658.37,"end":10658.77},{"text":"training,","start":10658.77,"end":10659.33},{"text":"specialists,","start":10659.65,"end":10660.61},{"text":"secure","start":10660.77,"end":10661.25},{"text":"data","start":10661.25,"end":10661.61},{"text":"systems,","start":10661.61,"end":10662.29},{"text":"regulatory","start":10662.61,"end":10663.33},{"text":"frameworks,","start":10663.33,"end":10664.13},{"text":"and","start":10664.45,"end":10664.77},{"text":"institutions","start":10664.77,"end":10665.81},{"text":"capable","start":10666.29,"end":10666.97},{"text":"of","start":10666.97,"end":10667.17},{"text":"operating","start":10667.29,"end":10667.89},{"text":"and","start":10667.97,"end":10668.13},{"text":"maintaining","start":10668.13,"end":10668.73},{"text":"these","start":10668.73,"end":10669.01},{"text":"technologies","start":10669.01,"end":10669.89},{"text":"over","start":10670.29,"end":10670.53},{"text":"time.","start":10670.53,"end":10670.93}]},{"text":"Investing in technology to SIDS will introduce to a broader maritime security domain awareness network.","start":10671.97,"end":10679.81,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. 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They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."}],"words":[{"text":"Investing","start":10671.97,"end":10672.57},{"text":"in","start":10672.57,"end":10672.69},{"text":"technology","start":10672.69,"end":10673.41},{"text":"to","start":10673.81,"end":10673.93},{"text":"SIDS","start":10673.93,"end":10674.45},{"text":"will","start":10674.93,"end":10675.17},{"text":"introduce","start":10675.17,"end":10675.81},{"text":"to","start":10676.13,"end":10676.25},{"text":"a","start":10676.25,"end":10676.29},{"text":"broader","start":10676.29,"end":10676.93},{"text":"maritime","start":10677.17,"end":10677.73},{"text":"security","start":10677.73,"end":10678.21},{"text":"domain","start":10678.21,"end":10678.61},{"text":"awareness","start":10678.61,"end":10679.17},{"text":"network.","start":10679.17,"end":10679.81}]},{"text":"Is AI and autonomous system take on greater role at sea, human responsibility, oversight, and accountability must remain clear.","start":10680.93,"end":10694.21,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"Is","start":10680.93,"end":10681.25},{"text":"AI","start":10681.41,"end":10681.73},{"text":"and","start":10682.69,"end":10683.01},{"text":"autonomous","start":10683.09,"end":10683.73},{"text":"system","start":10683.73,"end":10684.21},{"text":"take","start":10685.57,"end":10685.81},{"text":"on","start":10685.81,"end":10686.05},{"text":"greater","start":10686.61,"end":10687.17},{"text":"role","start":10687.17,"end":10687.41},{"text":"at","start":10687.41,"end":10687.53},{"text":"sea,","start":10687.53,"end":10688.01},{"text":"human","start":10688.45,"end":10688.89},{"text":"responsibility,","start":10688.89,"end":10689.97},{"text":"oversight,","start":10690.69,"end":10691.33},{"text":"and","start":10691.37,"end":10691.57},{"text":"accountability","start":10691.57,"end":10692.45},{"text":"must","start":10692.53,"end":10692.89},{"text":"remain","start":10692.89,"end":10693.41},{"text":"clear.","start":10693.81,"end":10694.21}]},{"text":"And the development and use of emerging technologies at sea must remain consistent with the UN Charter and the UNCLOS.","start":10695.33,"end":10704.29,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. 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Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."},{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"Freedom","start":10705.41,"end":10705.93},{"text":"of","start":10705.93,"end":10706.05},{"text":"navigation,","start":10706.05,"end":10706.77},{"text":"protection","start":10707.25,"end":10707.81},{"text":"of","start":10707.81,"end":10707.97},{"text":"seafarers,","start":10707.97,"end":10708.93},{"text":"and","start":10709.33,"end":10709.69},{"text":"security","start":10709.69,"end":10710.33},{"text":"of","start":10710.33,"end":10710.45},{"text":"commercial","start":10710.45,"end":10710.93},{"text":"shipping","start":10710.93,"end":10711.49},{"text":"must","start":10712.05,"end":10712.61},{"text":"remain","start":10712.61,"end":10713.09},{"text":"paramount.","start":10713.25,"end":10713.97}]},{"text":"For SIDS, the measure of technological cooperation should be simple.","start":10714.97,"end":10720.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":10714.97,"end":10715.05},{"text":"SIDS,","start":10715.05,"end":10715.53},{"text":"the","start":10716.01,"end":10716.21},{"text":"measure","start":10716.21,"end":10716.69},{"text":"of","start":10716.69,"end":10716.89},{"text":"technological","start":10717.37,"end":10718.17},{"text":"cooperation","start":10718.17,"end":10718.89},{"text":"should","start":10719.13,"end":10719.53},{"text":"be","start":10719.53,"end":10719.77},{"text":"simple.","start":10719.77,"end":10720.33}]},{"text":"Does it leave states better able to see what is happening in their maritime domain, protect the systems on which they depend, and make decisions for themselves?","start":10721.05,"end":10733.13,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."},{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."}],"words":[{"text":"Does","start":10721.05,"end":10721.37},{"text":"it","start":10721.37,"end":10721.53},{"text":"leave","start":10721.53,"end":10721.85},{"text":"states","start":10721.85,"end":10722.41},{"text":"better","start":10722.41,"end":10722.89},{"text":"able","start":10722.89,"end":10723.21},{"text":"to","start":10723.21,"end":10723.37},{"text":"see","start":10724.01,"end":10724.57},{"text":"what","start":10724.57,"end":10724.81},{"text":"is","start":10724.81,"end":10724.97},{"text":"happening","start":10724.97,"end":10725.53},{"text":"in","start":10725.53,"end":10725.69},{"text":"their","start":10725.69,"end":10726.01},{"text":"maritime","start":10726.25,"end":10726.73},{"text":"domain,","start":10726.73,"end":10727.29},{"text":"protect","start":10727.93,"end":10728.41},{"text":"the","start":10728.41,"end":10728.57},{"text":"systems","start":10728.57,"end":10729.21},{"text":"on","start":10729.21,"end":10729.37},{"text":"which","start":10729.37,"end":10729.69},{"text":"they","start":10729.69,"end":10729.93},{"text":"depend,","start":10729.93,"end":10730.49},{"text":"and","start":10731.13,"end":10731.37},{"text":"make","start":10731.37,"end":10731.69},{"text":"decisions","start":10731.69,"end":10732.25},{"text":"for","start":10732.25,"end":10732.41},{"text":"themselves?","start":10732.41,"end":10733.13}]},{"text":"Emerging technologies should expand sovereign choice, not create new forms of dependence.","start":10734.33,"end":10741.93,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."}],"words":[{"text":"Emerging","start":10734.33,"end":10734.77},{"text":"technologies","start":10734.77,"end":10735.53},{"text":"should","start":10735.85,"end":10736.13},{"text":"expand","start":10736.13,"end":10736.73},{"text":"sovereign","start":10737.05,"end":10737.61},{"text":"choice,","start":10737.61,"end":10738.09},{"text":"not","start":10738.49,"end":10738.89},{"text":"create","start":10738.89,"end":10739.53},{"text":"new","start":10739.61,"end":10739.93},{"text":"forms","start":10740.33,"end":10740.77},{"text":"of","start":10740.77,"end":10740.97},{"text":"dependence.","start":10741.13,"end":10741.93}]},{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":10742.33,"end":10743.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10742.33,"end":10742.61},{"text":"you","start":10742.61,"end":10742.69},{"text":"very","start":10742.69,"end":10742.89},{"text":"much.","start":10742.89,"end":10743.21}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"MDV","group":null,"function":"Principal Secretary to the President on Foreign Relations","affiliation_full":"Maldives"}},{"statement_number":50,"start":10743.97,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=2:59:04","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank His Excellency Mr. Nasir for the statement.","start":10743.97,"end":10748.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10743.97,"end":10743.98},{"text":"thank","start":10743.97,"end":10744.25},{"text":"His","start":10744.25,"end":10745.17},{"text":"Excellency","start":10745.41,"end":10746.13},{"text":"Mr.","start":10746.13,"end":10746.53},{"text":"Nasir","start":10746.53,"end":10746.93},{"text":"for","start":10746.93,"end":10747.25},{"text":"the","start":10747.25,"end":10747.41},{"text":"statement.","start":10747.41,"end":10748.17}]},{"text":"I wish to remind all speakers to limit their statements to no more than three minutes in order to enable the Council to carry out its work expeditiously.","start":10749.89,"end":10758.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10749.89,"end":10750.05},{"text":"wish","start":10750.05,"end":10750.29},{"text":"to","start":10750.29,"end":10750.41},{"text":"remind","start":10750.41,"end":10750.97},{"text":"all","start":10750.97,"end":10751.09},{"text":"speakers","start":10751.09,"end":10751.57},{"text":"to","start":10751.57,"end":10751.69},{"text":"limit","start":10751.69,"end":10752.05},{"text":"their","start":10752.05,"end":10752.29},{"text":"statements","start":10752.29,"end":10753.01},{"text":"to","start":10753.01,"end":10753.17},{"text":"no","start":10753.17,"end":10753.41},{"text":"more","start":10753.41,"end":10753.65},{"text":"than","start":10753.65,"end":10753.81},{"text":"three","start":10753.81,"end":10754.05},{"text":"minutes","start":10754.05,"end":10754.49},{"text":"in","start":10754.49,"end":10754.69},{"text":"order","start":10754.69,"end":10754.93},{"text":"to","start":10754.93,"end":10755.09},{"text":"enable","start":10755.09,"end":10755.65},{"text":"the","start":10755.65,"end":10755.77},{"text":"Council","start":10755.77,"end":10756.21},{"text":"to","start":10756.21,"end":10756.33},{"text":"carry","start":10756.37,"end":10756.77},{"text":"out","start":10756.77,"end":10757.01},{"text":"its","start":10757.01,"end":10757.33},{"text":"work","start":10757.33,"end":10757.65},{"text":"expeditiously.","start":10757.65,"end":10758.77}]},{"text":"The flashing light on the microphone will prompt speakers to bring their remarks to a close after three minutes.","start":10759.17,"end":10766.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10759.17,"end":10759.29},{"text":"flashing","start":10759.29,"end":10759.81},{"text":"light","start":10759.81,"end":10760.13},{"text":"on","start":10760.13,"end":10760.21},{"text":"the","start":10760.21,"end":10760.33},{"text":"microphone","start":10760.33,"end":10761.01},{"text":"will","start":10761.01,"end":10761.25},{"text":"prompt","start":10761.89,"end":10762.33},{"text":"speakers","start":10762.53,"end":10763.09},{"text":"to","start":10763.09,"end":10763.25},{"text":"bring","start":10763.25,"end":10763.57},{"text":"their","start":10763.57,"end":10763.77},{"text":"remarks","start":10763.77,"end":10764.33},{"text":"to","start":10764.33,"end":10764.49},{"text":"a","start":10764.49,"end":10764.53},{"text":"close","start":10764.53,"end":10764.93},{"text":"after","start":10764.93,"end":10765.33},{"text":"three","start":10765.33,"end":10765.57},{"text":"minutes.","start":10765.57,"end":10766.21}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the representative of Kazakhstan.","start":10766.77,"end":10770.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10766.77,"end":10766.93},{"text":"now","start":10766.93,"end":10767.25},{"text":"give","start":10767.25,"end":10767.57},{"text":"the","start":10767.57,"end":10767.73},{"text":"floor","start":10767.73,"end":10768.13},{"text":"to","start":10768.13,"end":10768.25},{"text":"the","start":10768.25,"end":10768.37},{"text":"representative","start":10768.37,"end":10769.49},{"text":"of","start":10769.49,"end":10769.73},{"text":"Kazakhstan.","start":10769.73,"end":10770.69}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GRC","group":null,"function":"President of the Security Council","affiliation_full":"Greece"}},{"statement_number":51,"start":10772.29,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=2:59:33","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Madam President, At the outset, allow me to congratulate Greece on its successful presidency of the Security Council this month and commend you and your delegation for its effective leadership.","start":10772.29,"end":10783.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":10772.29,"end":10772.61},{"text":"President,","start":10772.61,"end":10773.17},{"text":"At","start":10773.85,"end":10774.01},{"text":"the","start":10774.01,"end":10774.13},{"text":"outset,","start":10774.13,"end":10774.57},{"text":"allow","start":10774.57,"end":10774.77},{"text":"me","start":10774.77,"end":10775.01},{"text":"to","start":10775.01,"end":10775.21},{"text":"congratulate","start":10775.21,"end":10775.81},{"text":"Greece","start":10775.81,"end":10776.41},{"text":"on","start":10776.89,"end":10777.05},{"text":"its","start":10777.05,"end":10777.17},{"text":"successful","start":10777.17,"end":10777.69},{"text":"presidency","start":10777.69,"end":10778.33},{"text":"of","start":10778.33,"end":10778.45},{"text":"the","start":10778.45,"end":10778.53},{"text":"Security","start":10778.57,"end":10778.97},{"text":"Council","start":10778.97,"end":10779.45},{"text":"this","start":10779.45,"end":10779.61},{"text":"month","start":10779.61,"end":10779.89},{"text":"and","start":10780.49,"end":10780.65},{"text":"commend","start":10780.65,"end":10781.09},{"text":"you","start":10781.09,"end":10781.37},{"text":"and","start":10781.41,"end":10781.57},{"text":"your","start":10781.57,"end":10781.77},{"text":"delegation","start":10781.77,"end":10782.41},{"text":"for","start":10782.41,"end":10782.65},{"text":"its","start":10782.65,"end":10782.81},{"text":"effective","start":10782.81,"end":10783.29},{"text":"leadership.","start":10783.29,"end":10783.73}]},{"text":"I also thank Prime Minister Mitsotakis for convening and chairing this timely and important debate.","start":10784.33,"end":10788.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10784.33,"end":10784.45},{"text":"also","start":10784.45,"end":10784.69},{"text":"thank","start":10784.69,"end":10784.97},{"text":"Prime","start":10784.97,"end":10785.17},{"text":"Minister","start":10785.17,"end":10785.57},{"text":"Mitsotakis","start":10785.57,"end":10786.17},{"text":"for","start":10786.17,"end":10786.41},{"text":"convening","start":10786.41,"end":10786.89},{"text":"and","start":10786.89,"end":10787.05},{"text":"chairing","start":10787.05,"end":10787.41},{"text":"this","start":10787.41,"end":10787.61},{"text":"timely","start":10787.61,"end":10787.93},{"text":"and","start":10787.93,"end":10788.05},{"text":"important","start":10788.05,"end":10788.49},{"text":"debate.","start":10788.49,"end":10788.89}]},{"text":"We are grateful to the briefers for their insights.","start":10789.37,"end":10792.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10789.37,"end":10789.49},{"text":"are","start":10789.49,"end":10789.57},{"text":"grateful","start":10789.57,"end":10790.17},{"text":"to","start":10790.17,"end":10790.25},{"text":"the","start":10790.25,"end":10790.37},{"text":"briefers","start":10790.49,"end":10791.05},{"text":"for","start":10791.13,"end":10791.33},{"text":"their","start":10791.33,"end":10791.77},{"text":"insights.","start":10791.77,"end":10792.41}]},{"text":"Rapid advances in artificial intelligence, autonomous systems, and digital technologies are transforming maritime security, creating new opportunities while introducing serious risks to international peace and stability.","start":10793.85,"end":10807.09,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious 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They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."},{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"Rapid","start":10793.85,"end":10794.05},{"text":"advances","start":10794.05,"end":10794.61},{"text":"in","start":10794.61,"end":10794.77},{"text":"artificial","start":10794.77,"end":10795.33},{"text":"intelligence,","start":10795.33,"end":10796.13},{"text":"autonomous","start":10796.21,"end":10796.85},{"text":"systems,","start":10796.85,"end":10797.37},{"text":"and","start":10797.37,"end":10797.53},{"text":"digital","start":10797.53,"end":10797.97},{"text":"technologies","start":10797.97,"end":10798.77},{"text":"are","start":10798.85,"end":10798.97},{"text":"transforming","start":10798.97,"end":10799.73},{"text":"maritime","start":10799.89,"end":10800.45},{"text":"security,","start":10800.45,"end":10801.09},{"text":"creating","start":10801.49,"end":10801.89},{"text":"new","start":10801.89,"end":10802.13},{"text":"opportunities","start":10802.13,"end":10803.09},{"text":"while","start":10803.13,"end":10803.49},{"text":"introducing","start":10803.49,"end":10804.13},{"text":"serious","start":10804.13,"end":10804.53},{"text":"risks","start":10804.53,"end":10804.93},{"text":"to","start":10804.93,"end":10805.05},{"text":"international","start":10805.05,"end":10805.65},{"text":"peace","start":10805.65,"end":10805.97},{"text":"and","start":10806.29,"end":10806.53},{"text":"stability.","start":10806.53,"end":10807.09}]},{"text":"Kazakhstan is particularly concerned about the misuse of unmanned systems against civilian vessels, commercial shipping, and critical energy infrastructure.","start":10807.89,"end":10816.69,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."},{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."},{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"Kazakhstan","start":10807.89,"end":10808.29},{"text":"is","start":10808.29,"end":10808.41},{"text":"particularly","start":10808.41,"end":10808.97},{"text":"concerned","start":10808.97,"end":10809.45},{"text":"about","start":10809.45,"end":10809.69},{"text":"the","start":10809.69,"end":10809.81},{"text":"misuse","start":10809.81,"end":10810.45},{"text":"of","start":10810.45,"end":10810.61},{"text":"unmanned","start":10810.61,"end":10811.09},{"text":"systems","start":10811.09,"end":10811.65},{"text":"against","start":10811.65,"end":10812.13},{"text":"civilian","start":10812.21,"end":10812.77},{"text":"vessels,","start":10812.77,"end":10813.33},{"text":"commercial","start":10813.57,"end":10814.05},{"text":"shipping,","start":10814.05,"end":10814.53},{"text":"and","start":10814.69,"end":10814.93},{"text":"critical","start":10814.93,"end":10815.49},{"text":"energy","start":10815.49,"end":10815.97},{"text":"infrastructure.","start":10815.97,"end":10816.69}]},{"text":"Such attacks are unacceptable, especially when they affect states that are not parties to the conflicts concerned.","start":10817.25,"end":10823.77,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":10817.25,"end":10817.49},{"text":"attacks","start":10817.49,"end":10817.97},{"text":"are","start":10818.13,"end":10818.21},{"text":"unacceptable,","start":10818.21,"end":10819.01},{"text":"especially","start":10819.01,"end":10819.53},{"text":"when","start":10819.53,"end":10819.73},{"text":"they","start":10819.73,"end":10819.97},{"text":"affect","start":10819.97,"end":10820.37},{"text":"states","start":10820.37,"end":10820.85},{"text":"that","start":10821.29,"end":10821.45},{"text":"are","start":10821.45,"end":10821.53},{"text":"not","start":10821.53,"end":10821.77},{"text":"parties","start":10821.77,"end":10822.33},{"text":"to","start":10822.33,"end":10822.45},{"text":"the","start":10822.45,"end":10822.53},{"text":"conflicts","start":10822.53,"end":10823.13},{"text":"concerned.","start":10823.13,"end":10823.77}]},{"text":"The dangerous sea ferries disrupt international trade and threaten global energy supplies.","start":10824.49,"end":10829.37,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10824.49,"end":10824.69},{"text":"dangerous","start":10824.69,"end":10825.21},{"text":"sea","start":10825.21,"end":10825.37},{"text":"ferries","start":10825.37,"end":10825.93},{"text":"disrupt","start":10825.93,"end":10826.33},{"text":"international","start":10826.33,"end":10826.97},{"text":"trade","start":10826.97,"end":10827.33},{"text":"and","start":10827.33,"end":10827.49},{"text":"threaten","start":10827.49,"end":10827.93},{"text":"global","start":10827.93,"end":10828.41},{"text":"energy","start":10828.41,"end":10828.73},{"text":"supplies.","start":10828.73,"end":10829.37}]},{"text":"We call for ensuring the international security of critical infrastructure, including civilian energy, transport, digital, and logistics systems, through a comprehensive approach to international infrastructure resilience.","start":10830.09,"end":10843.45,"topics":[{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10830.09,"end":10830.25},{"text":"call","start":10830.25,"end":10830.65},{"text":"for","start":10831.05,"end":10831.25},{"text":"ensuring","start":10831.25,"end":10831.85},{"text":"the","start":10831.85,"end":10831.93},{"text":"international","start":10831.93,"end":10832.57},{"text":"security","start":10832.57,"end":10833.09},{"text":"of","start":10833.09,"end":10833.21},{"text":"critical","start":10833.21,"end":10833.69},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":10833.69,"end":10834.41},{"text":"including","start":10834.65,"end":10835.13},{"text":"civilian","start":10835.13,"end":10835.77},{"text":"energy,","start":10835.93,"end":10836.57},{"text":"transport,","start":10836.73,"end":10837.45},{"text":"digital,","start":10837.45,"end":10838.09},{"text":"and","start":10838.09,"end":10838.25},{"text":"logistics","start":10838.25,"end":10838.77},{"text":"systems,","start":10838.77,"end":10839.29},{"text":"through","start":10839.69,"end":10839.89},{"text":"a","start":10840.01,"end":10840.05},{"text":"comprehensive","start":10840.05,"end":10840.73},{"text":"approach","start":10840.73,"end":10841.21},{"text":"to","start":10841.21,"end":10841.33},{"text":"international","start":10841.33,"end":10841.93},{"text":"infrastructure","start":10841.93,"end":10842.65},{"text":"resilience.","start":10842.81,"end":10843.45}]},{"text":"Maritime security is an integral part of the international legal order.","start":10844.41,"end":10848.65,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"Maritime","start":10844.41,"end":10844.89},{"text":"security","start":10844.89,"end":10845.61},{"text":"is","start":10845.69,"end":10845.93},{"text":"an","start":10845.93,"end":10846.09},{"text":"integral","start":10846.09,"end":10846.49},{"text":"part","start":10846.49,"end":10846.97},{"text":"of","start":10847.21,"end":10847.37},{"text":"the","start":10847.37,"end":10847.45},{"text":"international","start":10847.45,"end":10848.05},{"text":"legal","start":10848.05,"end":10848.33},{"text":"order.","start":10848.33,"end":10848.65}]},{"text":"The UN Charter and international law, including the Law of the Sea as reflected in UNCLOS, must guide the responsible use of emerging technologies with full respect for sovereignty and freedom of navigation.","start":10849.33,"end":10861.29,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10849.33,"end":10849.45},{"text":"UN","start":10849.45,"end":10849.73},{"text":"Charter","start":10849.73,"end":10850.21},{"text":"and","start":10850.21,"end":10850.37},{"text":"international","start":10850.37,"end":10851.13},{"text":"law,","start":10851.13,"end":10851.21},{"text":"including","start":10851.33,"end":10851.81},{"text":"the","start":10851.81,"end":10851.89},{"text":"Law","start":10851.89,"end":10852.17},{"text":"of","start":10852.17,"end":10852.29},{"text":"the","start":10852.29,"end":10852.41},{"text":"Sea","start":10852.41,"end":10852.77},{"text":"as","start":10852.77,"end":10852.93},{"text":"reflected","start":10852.93,"end":10853.41},{"text":"in","start":10853.41,"end":10853.49},{"text":"UNCLOS,","start":10853.49,"end":10854.45},{"text":"must","start":10854.93,"end":10855.17},{"text":"guide","start":10855.17,"end":10855.49},{"text":"the","start":10855.49,"end":10855.65},{"text":"responsible","start":10855.65,"end":10856.25},{"text":"use","start":10856.25,"end":10856.53},{"text":"of","start":10856.53,"end":10856.61},{"text":"emerging","start":10856.61,"end":10857.01},{"text":"technologies","start":10857.01,"end":10857.73},{"text":"with","start":10857.89,"end":10858.09},{"text":"full","start":10858.21,"end":10858.61},{"text":"respect","start":10858.77,"end":10859.25},{"text":"for","start":10859.25,"end":10859.41},{"text":"sovereignty","start":10859.41,"end":10860.05},{"text":"and","start":10860.05,"end":10860.21},{"text":"freedom","start":10860.21,"end":10860.61},{"text":"of","start":10860.61,"end":10860.77},{"text":"navigation.","start":10860.77,"end":10861.29}]},{"text":"As the world's largest landlocked country, strategically located at the crossroads of Eurasia and bordering the Caspian Sea, Kazakhstan attaches particular importance to secure transport and energy corridors.","start":10862.13,"end":10874.53,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":10862.13,"end":10862.37},{"text":"the","start":10862.37,"end":10862.49},{"text":"world's","start":10862.49,"end":10863.01},{"text":"largest","start":10863.09,"end":10863.73},{"text":"landlocked","start":10863.73,"end":10864.37},{"text":"country,","start":10864.37,"end":10864.85},{"text":"strategically","start":10864.93,"end":10865.77},{"text":"located","start":10865.77,"end":10866.21},{"text":"at","start":10866.21,"end":10866.29},{"text":"the","start":10866.29,"end":10866.41},{"text":"crossroads","start":10866.41,"end":10867.09},{"text":"of","start":10867.09,"end":10867.25},{"text":"Eurasia","start":10867.25,"end":10867.89},{"text":"and","start":10868.13,"end":10868.33},{"text":"bordering","start":10868.33,"end":10868.77},{"text":"the","start":10868.77,"end":10868.89},{"text":"Caspian","start":10869.01,"end":10869.49},{"text":"Sea,","start":10869.49,"end":10869.81},{"text":"Kazakhstan","start":10870.37,"end":10870.81},{"text":"attaches","start":10870.81,"end":10871.25},{"text":"particular","start":10871.25,"end":10871.73},{"text":"importance","start":10871.73,"end":10872.21},{"text":"to","start":10872.21,"end":10872.29},{"text":"secure","start":10872.29,"end":10872.77},{"text":"transport","start":10872.77,"end":10873.29},{"text":"and","start":10873.29,"end":10873.49},{"text":"energy","start":10873.49,"end":10873.89},{"text":"corridors.","start":10873.89,"end":10874.53}]},{"text":"Our efforts aim to strengthen connectivity between Europe and Asia, the global North and South, and East and West.","start":10875.09,"end":10882.13,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":10875.09,"end":10875.17},{"text":"efforts","start":10875.25,"end":10875.81},{"text":"aim","start":10875.81,"end":10876.13},{"text":"to","start":10876.13,"end":10876.37},{"text":"strengthen","start":10876.37,"end":10876.85},{"text":"connectivity","start":10876.85,"end":10877.45},{"text":"between","start":10877.45,"end":10877.81},{"text":"Europe","start":10877.81,"end":10878.29},{"text":"and","start":10878.33,"end":10878.53},{"text":"Asia,","start":10878.53,"end":10879.01},{"text":"the","start":10879.33,"end":10879.45},{"text":"global","start":10879.49,"end":10879.89},{"text":"North","start":10879.89,"end":10880.13},{"text":"and","start":10880.17,"end":10880.37},{"text":"South,","start":10880.37,"end":10880.65},{"text":"and","start":10881.09,"end":10881.29},{"text":"East","start":10881.41,"end":10881.65},{"text":"and","start":10881.65,"end":10881.77},{"text":"West.","start":10881.77,"end":10882.13}]},{"text":"We continue developing the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route and welcome the advancement of the TRAMP route for international peace and prosperity as a complementary initiative promoting regional connectivity and cooperation.","start":10882.93,"end":10895.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10882.93,"end":10883.05},{"text":"continue","start":10883.05,"end":10883.49},{"text":"developing","start":10883.49,"end":10884.05},{"text":"the","start":10884.05,"end":10884.17},{"text":"Trans-Caspian","start":10884.17,"end":10885.09},{"text":"International","start":10885.09,"end":10885.73},{"text":"Transport","start":10885.73,"end":10886.21},{"text":"Route","start":10886.21,"end":10886.53},{"text":"and","start":10886.61,"end":10886.81},{"text":"welcome","start":10886.81,"end":10887.33},{"text":"the","start":10887.33,"end":10887.53},{"text":"advancement","start":10887.53,"end":10888.21},{"text":"of","start":10888.21,"end":10888.37},{"text":"the","start":10888.37,"end":10888.49},{"text":"TRAMP","start":10888.49,"end":10888.93},{"text":"route","start":10888.93,"end":10889.13},{"text":"for","start":10889.49,"end":10889.65},{"text":"international","start":10889.65,"end":10890.25},{"text":"peace","start":10890.25,"end":10890.49},{"text":"and","start":10890.49,"end":10890.61},{"text":"prosperity","start":10890.61,"end":10891.41},{"text":"as","start":10891.73,"end":10891.89},{"text":"a","start":10891.89,"end":10891.97},{"text":"complementary","start":10891.97,"end":10892.65},{"text":"initiative","start":10892.65,"end":10893.09},{"text":"promoting","start":10893.09,"end":10893.65},{"text":"regional","start":10893.65,"end":10894.05},{"text":"connectivity","start":10894.05,"end":10894.65},{"text":"and","start":10894.65,"end":10894.77},{"text":"cooperation.","start":10894.77,"end":10895.33}]},{"text":"On 15th of October, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan launched a 380-kilometer submarine fiber-optic cable across the Caspian Sea, strengthening regional digital connectivity.","start":10896.21,"end":10907.89,"topics":[{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":10896.21,"end":10896.29},{"text":"15th","start":10896.29,"end":10896.73},{"text":"of","start":10896.85,"end":10897.09},{"text":"October,","start":10897.09,"end":10897.65},{"text":"Kazakhstan","start":10897.73,"end":10898.29},{"text":"and","start":10898.29,"end":10898.53},{"text":"Azerbaijan","start":10898.53,"end":10899.25},{"text":"launched","start":10899.25,"end":10899.81},{"text":"a","start":10900.29,"end":10900.33},{"text":"380-kilometer","start":10900.33,"end":10901.89},{"text":"submarine","start":10901.89,"end":10902.53},{"text":"fiber-optic","start":10902.53,"end":10903.29},{"text":"cable","start":10903.29,"end":10903.65},{"text":"across","start":10903.97,"end":10904.37},{"text":"the","start":10904.37,"end":10904.49},{"text":"Caspian","start":10904.49,"end":10904.89},{"text":"Sea,","start":10904.89,"end":10905.25},{"text":"strengthening","start":10905.65,"end":10906.29},{"text":"regional","start":10906.29,"end":10906.69},{"text":"digital","start":10906.69,"end":10907.17},{"text":"connectivity.","start":10907.17,"end":10907.89}]},{"text":"Through this digital trade corridor platform, digitalization of transit customs procedures has reduced processing times from eight hours to just 30 minutes.","start":10908.53,"end":10918.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Through","start":10908.53,"end":10908.93},{"text":"this","start":10909.33,"end":10909.57},{"text":"digital","start":10909.57,"end":10910.05},{"text":"trade","start":10910.05,"end":10910.25},{"text":"corridor","start":10910.25,"end":10910.69},{"text":"platform,","start":10910.69,"end":10911.17},{"text":"digitalization","start":10911.49,"end":10912.33},{"text":"of","start":10912.33,"end":10912.45},{"text":"transit","start":10912.45,"end":10912.85},{"text":"customs","start":10912.85,"end":10913.41},{"text":"procedures","start":10913.41,"end":10913.89},{"text":"has","start":10913.89,"end":10914.13},{"text":"reduced","start":10914.13,"end":10914.69},{"text":"processing","start":10914.69,"end":10915.33},{"text":"times","start":10915.33,"end":10915.81},{"text":"from","start":10916.13,"end":10916.41},{"text":"eight","start":10916.45,"end":10916.73},{"text":"hours","start":10916.85,"end":10917.25},{"text":"to","start":10917.25,"end":10917.49},{"text":"just","start":10917.49,"end":10917.73},{"text":"30","start":10917.73,"end":10918.05},{"text":"minutes.","start":10918.05,"end":10918.53}]},{"text":"This initiative demonstrates how technological innovation can strengthen economic cooperation and transport resilience.","start":10919.41,"end":10926.37,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":10919.41,"end":10919.65},{"text":"initiative","start":10919.65,"end":10920.29},{"text":"demonstrates","start":10920.29,"end":10920.89},{"text":"how","start":10920.89,"end":10921.09},{"text":"technological","start":10921.09,"end":10921.81},{"text":"innovation","start":10921.81,"end":10922.45},{"text":"can","start":10923.09,"end":10923.33},{"text":"strengthen","start":10923.33,"end":10923.81},{"text":"economic","start":10923.81,"end":10924.25},{"text":"cooperation","start":10924.25,"end":10924.85},{"text":"and","start":10925.17,"end":10925.33},{"text":"transport","start":10925.33,"end":10925.81},{"text":"resilience.","start":10925.81,"end":10926.37}]},{"text":"At the same time, critical maritime infrastructure requires effective protection against physical threats, cyber attacks, and technological interference.","start":10926.97,"end":10936.21,"topics":[{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."},{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":10926.97,"end":10927.01},{"text":"the","start":10927.01,"end":10927.09},{"text":"same","start":10927.09,"end":10927.29},{"text":"time,","start":10927.29,"end":10927.73},{"text":"critical","start":10927.97,"end":10928.41},{"text":"maritime","start":10928.41,"end":10928.85},{"text":"infrastructure","start":10928.85,"end":10929.65},{"text":"requires","start":10929.97,"end":10930.53},{"text":"effective","start":10930.77,"end":10931.33},{"text":"protection","start":10931.41,"end":10931.93},{"text":"against","start":10932.05,"end":10932.45},{"text":"physical","start":10932.45,"end":10932.93},{"text":"threats,","start":10932.93,"end":10933.33},{"text":"cyber","start":10933.73,"end":10934.17},{"text":"attacks,","start":10934.17,"end":10934.53},{"text":"and","start":10934.53,"end":10934.77},{"text":"technological","start":10934.77,"end":10935.45},{"text":"interference.","start":10935.45,"end":10936.21}]},{"text":"Satellite monitoring, secure information sharing, and safeguards against navigation signal interference can improve maritime safety and threat prevention.","start":10936.77,"end":10946.49,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."},{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"Satellite","start":10936.77,"end":10937.25},{"text":"monitoring,","start":10937.25,"end":10937.89},{"text":"secure","start":10938.37,"end":10938.77},{"text":"information","start":10938.77,"end":10939.29},{"text":"sharing,","start":10939.29,"end":10939.73},{"text":"and","start":10939.73,"end":10939.93},{"text":"safeguards","start":10939.93,"end":10940.53},{"text":"against","start":10940.53,"end":10940.93},{"text":"navigation","start":10940.93,"end":10941.49},{"text":"signal","start":10941.49,"end":10941.81},{"text":"interference","start":10941.81,"end":10942.53},{"text":"can","start":10942.85,"end":10943.25},{"text":"improve","start":10943.49,"end":10943.97},{"text":"maritime","start":10943.97,"end":10944.45},{"text":"safety","start":10944.45,"end":10944.93},{"text":"and","start":10944.93,"end":10945.25},{"text":"threat","start":10945.57,"end":10945.89},{"text":"prevention.","start":10946.01,"end":10946.49}]},{"text":"My President recently proposed exploring a shared digital platform to monitor the Caspian ecosystem, supporting environmental resilience and safer navigation.","start":10947.41,"end":10956.45,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":10947.41,"end":10947.57},{"text":"President","start":10947.57,"end":10948.13},{"text":"recently","start":10948.29,"end":10948.77},{"text":"proposed","start":10948.77,"end":10949.29},{"text":"exploring","start":10949.33,"end":10949.89},{"text":"a","start":10949.89,"end":10949.93},{"text":"shared","start":10949.93,"end":10950.37},{"text":"digital","start":10950.37,"end":10950.77},{"text":"platform","start":10950.77,"end":10951.25},{"text":"to","start":10951.33,"end":10951.41},{"text":"monitor","start":10951.41,"end":10951.81},{"text":"the","start":10951.81,"end":10951.93},{"text":"Caspian","start":10951.97,"end":10952.45},{"text":"ecosystem,","start":10952.53,"end":10953.17},{"text":"supporting","start":10953.25,"end":10953.97},{"text":"environmental","start":10953.97,"end":10954.61},{"text":"resilience","start":10954.61,"end":10955.25},{"text":"and","start":10955.33,"end":10955.53},{"text":"safer","start":10955.53,"end":10955.89},{"text":"navigation.","start":10955.89,"end":10956.45}]},{"text":"Madam President, Kazakhstan has designated 2026 as the year of digitalization and artificial intelligence, and use large-scale digitalization, safe and responsible development, and use of AI as a national priority.","start":10957.33,"end":10972.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":10957.33,"end":10957.57},{"text":"President,","start":10957.57,"end":10958.05},{"text":"Kazakhstan","start":10958.25,"end":10958.89},{"text":"has","start":10958.89,"end":10959.13},{"text":"designated","start":10959.13,"end":10960.05},{"text":"2026","start":10960.05,"end":10960.89},{"text":"as","start":10961.29,"end":10961.53},{"text":"the","start":10961.53,"end":10961.65},{"text":"year","start":10961.65,"end":10962.01},{"text":"of","start":10962.05,"end":10962.25},{"text":"digitalization","start":10962.33,"end":10963.37},{"text":"and","start":10963.37,"end":10963.65},{"text":"artificial","start":10963.65,"end":10964.25},{"text":"intelligence,","start":10964.25,"end":10964.97},{"text":"and","start":10965.33,"end":10965.53},{"text":"use","start":10965.53,"end":10965.93},{"text":"large-scale","start":10965.93,"end":10966.73},{"text":"digitalization,","start":10966.81,"end":10967.77},{"text":"safe","start":10967.85,"end":10968.41},{"text":"and","start":10968.41,"end":10968.61},{"text":"responsible","start":10968.61,"end":10969.21},{"text":"development,","start":10969.21,"end":10969.81},{"text":"and","start":10969.85,"end":10970.01},{"text":"use","start":10970.01,"end":10970.33},{"text":"of","start":10970.37,"end":10970.57},{"text":"AI","start":10970.81,"end":10971.13},{"text":"as","start":10971.53,"end":10971.69},{"text":"a","start":10971.69,"end":10971.73},{"text":"national","start":10971.73,"end":10972.17},{"text":"priority.","start":10972.17,"end":10972.65}]},{"text":"At the same time, we should not let ethical norms fall behind this rapid progress.","start":10973.33,"end":10979.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":10973.33,"end":10973.41},{"text":"the","start":10973.41,"end":10973.53},{"text":"same","start":10973.53,"end":10973.77},{"text":"time,","start":10973.77,"end":10974.01},{"text":"we","start":10974.01,"end":10974.41},{"text":"should","start":10975.13,"end":10975.37},{"text":"not","start":10975.37,"end":10975.61},{"text":"let","start":10975.61,"end":10975.93},{"text":"ethical","start":10976.25,"end":10976.65},{"text":"norms","start":10976.65,"end":10977.13},{"text":"fall","start":10977.45,"end":10977.93},{"text":"behind","start":10977.93,"end":10978.45},{"text":"this","start":10978.45,"end":10978.73},{"text":"rapid","start":10978.73,"end":10979.13},{"text":"progress.","start":10979.37,"end":10979.93}]},{"text":"Emerging AI technologies in military domain must remain subject to meaningful human control and strict international regulation.","start":10980.41,"end":10988.25,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"Emerging","start":10980.41,"end":10980.97},{"text":"AI","start":10981.05,"end":10981.21},{"text":"technologies","start":10981.21,"end":10981.85},{"text":"in","start":10981.85,"end":10982.01},{"text":"military","start":10982.01,"end":10982.53},{"text":"domain","start":10982.53,"end":10982.89},{"text":"must","start":10983.13,"end":10983.45},{"text":"remain","start":10983.45,"end":10983.77},{"text":"subject","start":10983.77,"end":10984.25},{"text":"to","start":10984.25,"end":10984.33},{"text":"meaningful","start":10984.33,"end":10984.89},{"text":"human","start":10985.05,"end":10985.45},{"text":"control","start":10985.45,"end":10986.01},{"text":"and","start":10986.41,"end":10986.49},{"text":"strict","start":10986.49,"end":10986.89},{"text":"international","start":10987.05,"end":10987.69},{"text":"regulation.","start":10987.69,"end":10988.25}]},{"text":"We remain committed to responsible technological innovation and international cooperation that protects civilian shipping, strengthens critical infrastructure, and ensures that emerging technologies serve peace, sustainable development, and global connectivity.","start":10988.81,"end":11003.57,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."},{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair 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thank you.","start":11003.77,"end":11004.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11003.77,"end":11003.93},{"text":"thank","start":11003.93,"end":11004.17},{"text":"you.","start":11004.17,"end":11004.25}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"KAZ","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Kazakhstan"}},{"statement_number":52,"start":11004.97,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=3:03:25","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Kazakhstan for the statement.","start":11004.97,"end":11008.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11004.97,"end":11005.13},{"text":"thank","start":11005.13,"end":11005.37},{"text":"the","start":11005.37,"end":11005.49},{"text":"representative","start":11005.49,"end":11006.49},{"text":"of","start":11006.57,"end":11006.73},{"text":"Kazakhstan","start":11006.73,"end":11007.45},{"text":"for","start":11007.45,"end":11007.61},{"text":"the","start":11007.61,"end":11007.77},{"text":"statement.","start":11007.77,"end":11008.53}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the representative of the Republic of Korea.","start":11008.73,"end":11012.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11008.73,"end":11008.89},{"text":"now","start":11008.89,"end":11009.21},{"text":"give","start":11009.29,"end":11009.53},{"text":"the","start":11009.53,"end":11009.69},{"text":"floor","start":11009.69,"end":11010.01},{"text":"to","start":11010.01,"end":11010.13},{"text":"the","start":11010.13,"end":11010.25},{"text":"representative","start":11010.25,"end":11011.29},{"text":"of","start":11011.29,"end":11011.37},{"text":"the","start":11011.37,"end":11011.53},{"text":"Republic","start":11011.53,"end":11012.25},{"text":"of","start":11012.25,"end":11012.41},{"text":"Korea.","start":11012.41,"end":11012.97}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GRC","group":null,"function":"President of the Security Council","affiliation_full":"Greece"}},{"statement_number":53,"start":11016.21,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=3:03:37","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam President.","start":11016.21,"end":11017.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":11016.21,"end":11016.37},{"text":"you,","start":11016.37,"end":11016.45},{"text":"Madam","start":11016.45,"end":11016.73},{"text":"President.","start":11016.73,"end":11017.29}]},{"text":"I would like to thank Greece for convening this timely open debate.","start":11017.89,"end":11021.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11017.89,"end":11017.97},{"text":"would","start":11017.97,"end":11018.17},{"text":"like","start":11018.17,"end":11018.29},{"text":"to","start":11018.29,"end":11018.49},{"text":"thank","start":11018.49,"end":11018.89},{"text":"Greece","start":11018.89,"end":11019.49},{"text":"for","start":11019.49,"end":11019.65},{"text":"convening","start":11019.65,"end":11020.13},{"text":"this","start":11020.13,"end":11020.37},{"text":"timely","start":11020.37,"end":11020.77},{"text":"open","start":11020.77,"end":11021.09},{"text":"debate.","start":11021.09,"end":11021.49}]},{"text":"I also thank the briefers for their insightful briefings.","start":11021.73,"end":11024.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11021.73,"end":11021.89},{"text":"also","start":11021.89,"end":11022.29},{"text":"thank","start":11022.29,"end":11022.61},{"text":"the","start":11022.61,"end":11022.73},{"text":"briefers","start":11022.73,"end":11023.17},{"text":"for","start":11023.25,"end":11023.49},{"text":"their","start":11023.49,"end":11023.65},{"text":"insightful","start":11023.65,"end":11024.25},{"text":"briefings.","start":11024.25,"end":11024.93}]},{"text":"Today, the rapid advancement of emerging technology is fundamentally reshaping the maritime security landscape.","start":11025.57,"end":11032.81,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"Today,","start":11025.57,"end":11026.05},{"text":"the","start":11026.05,"end":11026.21},{"text":"rapid","start":11026.21,"end":11026.61},{"text":"advancement","start":11026.61,"end":11027.41},{"text":"of","start":11027.41,"end":11027.53},{"text":"emerging","start":11027.53,"end":11027.97},{"text":"technology","start":11027.97,"end":11028.69},{"text":"is","start":11028.69,"end":11029.01},{"text":"fundamentally","start":11029.01,"end":11029.81},{"text":"reshaping","start":11029.81,"end":11030.53},{"text":"the","start":11030.85,"end":11031.01},{"text":"maritime","start":11031.01,"end":11031.57},{"text":"security","start":11031.57,"end":11032.13},{"text":"landscape.","start":11032.13,"end":11032.81}]},{"text":"While these technologies offer immense opportunities to enhance safety of navigation, They also introduce new security challenges, including malicious misuse and cyber vulnerabilities.","start":11033.57,"end":11046.53,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."},{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":11033.57,"end":11033.97},{"text":"these","start":11033.97,"end":11034.29},{"text":"technologies","start":11034.61,"end":11035.41},{"text":"offer","start":11035.41,"end":11036.13},{"text":"immense","start":11036.13,"end":11036.53},{"text":"opportunities","start":11036.53,"end":11037.33},{"text":"to","start":11037.33,"end":11037.57},{"text":"enhance","start":11037.61,"end":11038.01},{"text":"safety","start":11038.01,"end":11038.45},{"text":"of","start":11038.49,"end":11038.61},{"text":"navigation,","start":11038.61,"end":11039.49},{"text":"They","start":11040.17,"end":11040.29},{"text":"also","start":11040.29,"end":11040.69},{"text":"introduce","start":11040.69,"end":11041.25},{"text":"new","start":11041.25,"end":11041.49},{"text":"security","start":11041.49,"end":11041.97},{"text":"challenges,","start":11041.97,"end":11042.69},{"text":"including","start":11042.69,"end":11043.29},{"text":"malicious","start":11043.29,"end":11043.89},{"text":"misuse","start":11043.89,"end":11044.45},{"text":"and","start":11044.77,"end":11045.09},{"text":"cyber","start":11045.09,"end":11045.45},{"text":"vulnerabilities.","start":11045.45,"end":11046.53}]},{"text":"Against this backdrop, my delegation would like to highlight three key points.","start":11047.33,"end":11051.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Against","start":11047.33,"end":11047.77},{"text":"this","start":11047.77,"end":11047.97},{"text":"backdrop,","start":11047.97,"end":11048.45},{"text":"my","start":11048.45,"end":11048.69},{"text":"delegation","start":11048.69,"end":11049.41},{"text":"would","start":11049.41,"end":11049.57},{"text":"like","start":11049.57,"end":11049.81},{"text":"to","start":11049.81,"end":11050.05},{"text":"highlight","start":11050.05,"end":11050.53},{"text":"three","start":11050.53,"end":11050.77},{"text":"key","start":11050.77,"end":11050.93},{"text":"points.","start":11050.93,"end":11051.49}]},{"text":"First, to address both traditional and non-traditional threats and safeguard critical sea lanes, it is necessary to ensure full compliance with all relevant obligations under international law, including those under UNCLOS.","start":11053.41,"end":11069.53,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. 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Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"With","start":11096.17,"end":11096.41},{"text":"proper","start":11096.41,"end":11096.77},{"text":"operation","start":11096.77,"end":11097.37},{"text":"of","start":11097.37,"end":11097.53},{"text":"the","start":11097.53,"end":11097.69},{"text":"UNVIM,","start":11097.93,"end":11098.77},{"text":"All","start":11100.81,"end":11101.01},{"text":"Member","start":11101.01,"end":11101.37},{"text":"States","start":11101.37,"end":11101.85},{"text":"must","start":11102.85,"end":11103.25},{"text":"act","start":11103.25,"end":11103.49},{"text":"in","start":11103.49,"end":11103.73},{"text":"accordance","start":11103.73,"end":11104.21},{"text":"with","start":11104.21,"end":11104.45},{"text":"international","start":11104.45,"end":11105.37},{"text":"law,","start":11105.37,"end":11105.45},{"text":"in","start":11105.49,"end":11105.73},{"text":"particular","start":11105.73,"end":11106.37},{"text":"UNCLOS,","start":11106.37,"end":11107.33},{"text":"to","start":11107.33,"end":11107.45},{"text":"uphold","start":11107.45,"end":11107.89},{"text":"freedom","start":11107.89,"end":11108.29},{"text":"of","start":11108.29,"end":11108.45},{"text":"navigation.","start":11108.45,"end":11109.25}]},{"text":"We also support ongoing multilateral efforts to establish new frameworks for emerging technologies.","start":11110.05,"end":11116.29,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. 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security.","start":11296.29,"end":11305.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":11296.29,"end":11297.05},{"text":"President,","start":11297.77,"end":11298.45},{"text":"Switzerland","start":11299.09,"end":11299.69},{"text":"thanks","start":11299.69,"end":11300.05},{"text":"Greece","start":11300.05,"end":11300.45},{"text":"for","start":11300.45,"end":11300.89},{"text":"organising","start":11300.89,"end":11301.61},{"text":"this","start":11301.61,"end":11301.89},{"text":"debate","start":11301.89,"end":11302.45},{"text":"on","start":11302.45,"end":11302.77},{"text":"emerging","start":11302.77,"end":11303.33},{"text":"technologies","start":11303.33,"end":11304.21},{"text":"and","start":11304.21,"end":11304.53},{"text":"maritime","start":11304.53,"end":11305.09},{"text":"security.","start":11305.09,"end":11305.97}]},{"text":"In October 2024, under the Swiss presidency, the Council adopted Presidential Statement PRST/2024/6.","start":11307.09,"end":11316.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":11307.09,"end":11307.33},{"text":"October","start":11307.33,"end":11307.97},{"text":"2024,","start":11307.97,"end":11309.01},{"text":"under","start":11309.01,"end":11309.33},{"text":"the","start":11309.33,"end":11309.41},{"text":"Swiss","start":11309.41,"end":11309.65},{"text":"presidency,","start":11309.65,"end":11310.45},{"text":"the","start":11310.69,"end":11310.81},{"text":"Council","start":11310.85,"end":11311.25},{"text":"adopted","start":11311.25,"end":11311.89},{"text":"Presidential","start":11311.89,"end":11312.61},{"text":"Statement","start":11312.61,"end":11313.81},{"text":"PRST/2024/6.","start":11313.81,"end":11316.21}]},{"text":"In it, the Council committed to more systematically considering scientific advances that could affect international peace and security where relevant to the exercise of its 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Chile.","start":11502.29,"end":11505.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11502.29,"end":11502.33},{"text":"now","start":11502.33,"end":11502.65},{"text":"give","start":11502.65,"end":11502.97},{"text":"the","start":11502.97,"end":11503.09},{"text":"floor","start":11503.09,"end":11503.41},{"text":"to","start":11503.41,"end":11503.49},{"text":"the","start":11503.53,"end":11503.65},{"text":"representative","start":11503.65,"end":11504.57},{"text":"of","start":11504.61,"end":11504.81},{"text":"Chile.","start":11504.81,"end":11505.29}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GRC","group":null,"function":"President of the Security Council","affiliation_full":"Greece"}},{"statement_number":57,"start":11508.85,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=3:11:49","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Madam President, Chile thanks Greece for convening this open debate and would like to thank Mr. Michal Bletsas for his contributions.","start":11508.85,"end":11518.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":11508.85,"end":11509.05},{"text":"President,","start":11509.05,"end":11509.57},{"text":"Chile","start":11509.57,"end":11510.05},{"text":"thanks","start":11510.05,"end":11510.53},{"text":"Greece","start":11510.61,"end":11511.09},{"text":"for","start":11511.09,"end":11511.33},{"text":"convening","start":11511.33,"end":11512.21},{"text":"this","start":11512.21,"end":11512.53},{"text":"open","start":11512.53,"end":11512.89},{"text":"debate","start":11512.89,"end":11513.49},{"text":"and","start":11513.89,"end":11514.13},{"text":"would","start":11514.13,"end":11514.29},{"text":"like","start":11514.29,"end":11514.45},{"text":"to","start":11514.45,"end":11514.65},{"text":"thank","start":11514.69,"end":11515.17},{"text":"Mr.","start":11515.41,"end":11515.81},{"text":"Michal","start":11515.81,"end":11516.13},{"text":"Bletsas","start":11516.13,"end":11516.69},{"text":"for","start":11516.69,"end":11516.89},{"text":"his","start":11516.89,"end":11517.17},{"text":"contributions.","start":11517.17,"end":11518.05}]},{"text":"For Chile, a country with an extensive coastline on the Pacific, strategic projection towards the Antarctic, and an economy that is closely linked to international trade, maritime security is a strategic national interest.","start":11518.05,"end":11532.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":11518.05,"end":11518.37},{"text":"Chile,","start":11518.37,"end":11518.93},{"text":"a","start":11519.25,"end":11519.29},{"text":"country","start":11519.29,"end":11519.81},{"text":"with","start":11519.81,"end":11520.13},{"text":"an","start":11520.13,"end":11520.21},{"text":"extensive","start":11520.21,"end":11520.93},{"text":"coastline","start":11520.93,"end":11521.41},{"text":"on","start":11521.41,"end":11521.49},{"text":"the","start":11521.49,"end":11521.57},{"text":"Pacific,","start":11521.57,"end":11522.21},{"text":"strategic","start":11522.93,"end":11523.49},{"text":"projection","start":11523.49,"end":11524.13},{"text":"towards","start":11524.13,"end":11524.45},{"text":"the","start":11524.45,"end":11524.57},{"text":"Antarctic,","start":11524.57,"end":11525.33},{"text":"and","start":11525.33,"end":11525.65},{"text":"an","start":11525.65,"end":11525.73},{"text":"economy","start":11525.73,"end":11526.13},{"text":"that","start":11526.13,"end":11526.29},{"text":"is","start":11526.29,"end":11526.37},{"text":"closely","start":11526.37,"end":11526.85},{"text":"linked","start":11526.85,"end":11527.17},{"text":"to","start":11527.17,"end":11527.25},{"text":"international","start":11527.25,"end":11527.89},{"text":"trade,","start":11527.89,"end":11528.45},{"text":"maritime","start":11529.01,"end":11529.49},{"text":"security","start":11529.49,"end":11530.37},{"text":"is","start":11530.37,"end":11530.77},{"text":"a","start":11530.93,"end":11530.97},{"text":"strategic","start":11530.97,"end":11531.65},{"text":"national","start":11531.65,"end":11531.97},{"text":"interest.","start":11531.97,"end":11532.61}]},{"text":"Freedom of navigation, the protection of trade routes, and the security of port infrastructure are essential for our economic stability and development.","start":11533.69,"end":11543.61,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."},{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"Freedom","start":11533.69,"end":11533.93},{"text":"of","start":11533.93,"end":11534.01},{"text":"navigation,","start":11534.01,"end":11534.89},{"text":"the","start":11534.97,"end":11535.17},{"text":"protection","start":11535.17,"end":11535.85},{"text":"of","start":11535.85,"end":11536.01},{"text":"trade","start":11536.01,"end":11536.33},{"text":"routes,","start":11536.33,"end":11536.81},{"text":"and","start":11537.13,"end":11537.53},{"text":"the","start":11537.53,"end":11537.65},{"text":"security","start":11537.77,"end":11538.65},{"text":"of","start":11538.69,"end":11538.81},{"text":"port","start":11538.81,"end":11539.21},{"text":"infrastructure","start":11539.21,"end":11540.09},{"text":"are","start":11540.09,"end":11540.33},{"text":"essential","start":11540.33,"end":11540.97},{"text":"for","start":11540.97,"end":11541.45},{"text":"our","start":11541.45,"end":11541.53},{"text":"economic","start":11541.61,"end":11542.09},{"text":"stability","start":11542.09,"end":11542.65},{"text":"and","start":11542.65,"end":11542.85},{"text":"development.","start":11542.85,"end":11543.61}]},{"text":"Threats to international navigation have direct consequences on supply chains, our exports, and the well-being of our population.","start":11544.09,"end":11553.13,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Threats","start":11544.09,"end":11544.57},{"text":"to","start":11544.57,"end":11544.69},{"text":"international","start":11544.69,"end":11545.37},{"text":"navigation","start":11545.37,"end":11546.25},{"text":"have","start":11546.49,"end":11546.81},{"text":"direct","start":11546.81,"end":11547.29},{"text":"consequences","start":11547.29,"end":11548.41},{"text":"on","start":11548.41,"end":11548.81},{"text":"supply","start":11549.05,"end":11549.45},{"text":"chains,","start":11549.45,"end":11550.01},{"text":"our","start":11550.13,"end":11550.21},{"text":"exports,","start":11550.25,"end":11551.05},{"text":"and","start":11551.05,"end":11551.25},{"text":"the","start":11551.25,"end":11551.37},{"text":"well-being","start":11551.37,"end":11551.85},{"text":"of","start":11551.85,"end":11552.01},{"text":"our","start":11552.01,"end":11552.25},{"text":"population.","start":11552.25,"end":11553.13}]},{"text":"Madam President, the accelerated technological development is transforming the maritime environment.","start":11554.09,"end":11560.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":11554.09,"end":11554.33},{"text":"President,","start":11554.33,"end":11554.97},{"text":"the","start":11554.97,"end":11555.17},{"text":"accelerated","start":11556.09,"end":11556.89},{"text":"technological","start":11556.89,"end":11557.49},{"text":"development","start":11557.49,"end":11558.01},{"text":"is","start":11558.01,"end":11558.17},{"text":"transforming","start":11558.17,"end":11558.89},{"text":"the","start":11558.89,"end":11559.01},{"text":"maritime","start":11559.01,"end":11559.49},{"text":"environment.","start":11559.49,"end":11560.17}]},{"text":"Artificial intelligence, autonomous systems, and satellite technologies offer opportunities to improve the security of navigation, detect illicit activities, strengthen search operations, and increase port efficiency.","start":11560.49,"end":11574.81,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."},{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."},{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."}],"words":[{"text":"Artificial","start":11560.49,"end":11561.05},{"text":"intelligence,","start":11561.05,"end":11561.69},{"text":"autonomous","start":11561.69,"end":11562.29},{"text":"systems,","start":11562.29,"end":11562.81},{"text":"and","start":11562.81,"end":11563.09},{"text":"satellite","start":11563.09,"end":11563.73},{"text":"technologies","start":11563.73,"end":11564.49},{"text":"offer","start":11564.81,"end":11565.13},{"text":"opportunities","start":11565.13,"end":11565.85},{"text":"to","start":11565.85,"end":11566.01},{"text":"improve","start":11566.01,"end":11566.65},{"text":"the","start":11566.73,"end":11566.93},{"text":"security","start":11566.97,"end":11567.73},{"text":"of","start":11567.73,"end":11567.85},{"text":"navigation,","start":11567.85,"end":11568.57},{"text":"detect","start":11568.77,"end":11569.21},{"text":"illicit","start":11569.21,"end":11569.69},{"text":"activities,","start":11569.69,"end":11570.57},{"text":"strengthen","start":11570.73,"end":11571.29},{"text":"search","start":11571.29,"end":11571.77},{"text":"operations,","start":11571.77,"end":11572.57},{"text":"and","start":11572.73,"end":11573.05},{"text":"increase","start":11573.05,"end":11573.61},{"text":"port","start":11573.61,"end":11574.01},{"text":"efficiency.","start":11574.01,"end":11574.81}]},{"text":"However, these technologies also generate new vulnerabilities and challenges.","start":11575.05,"end":11580.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":11575.05,"end":11575.69},{"text":"these","start":11575.93,"end":11576.17},{"text":"technologies","start":11576.17,"end":11577.05},{"text":"also","start":11577.05,"end":11577.53},{"text":"generate","start":11577.53,"end":11578.17},{"text":"new","start":11578.33,"end":11578.89},{"text":"vulnerabilities","start":11578.89,"end":11579.77},{"text":"and","start":11579.77,"end":11579.93},{"text":"challenges.","start":11579.93,"end":11580.73}]},{"text":"Cyber attacks on critical infrastructure, interference with navigation systems, and the use of uncrewed vehicles for hostile purposes all represent growing threats to maritime security.","start":11580.97,"end":11594.65,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."},{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"Cyber","start":11580.97,"end":11581.45},{"text":"attacks","start":11581.45,"end":11582.01},{"text":"on","start":11582.01,"end":11582.25},{"text":"critical","start":11582.25,"end":11582.65},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":11582.65,"end":11583.45},{"text":"interference","start":11584.05,"end":11584.73},{"text":"with","start":11584.73,"end":11585.21},{"text":"navigation","start":11585.21,"end":11585.93},{"text":"systems,","start":11585.93,"end":11586.65},{"text":"and","start":11586.89,"end":11587.17},{"text":"the","start":11587.17,"end":11587.29},{"text":"use","start":11587.29,"end":11587.69},{"text":"of","start":11587.69,"end":11588.01},{"text":"uncrewed","start":11588.01,"end":11588.57},{"text":"vehicles","start":11588.57,"end":11589.37},{"text":"for","start":11589.69,"end":11589.93},{"text":"hostile","start":11589.93,"end":11590.41},{"text":"purposes","start":11590.41,"end":11591.21},{"text":"all","start":11591.45,"end":11591.61},{"text":"represent","start":11591.61,"end":11592.21},{"text":"growing","start":11592.21,"end":11592.65},{"text":"threats","start":11592.65,"end":11593.13},{"text":"to","start":11593.13,"end":11593.37},{"text":"maritime","start":11593.37,"end":11593.93},{"text":"security.","start":11593.93,"end":11594.65}]},{"text":"Attacks on commercial shipping demonstrate that these threats go beyond national borders.","start":11595.85,"end":11603.13,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"Attacks","start":11595.85,"end":11596.49},{"text":"on","start":11596.49,"end":11596.89},{"text":"commercial","start":11596.89,"end":11597.53},{"text":"shipping","start":11597.53,"end":11598.17},{"text":"demonstrate","start":11598.49,"end":11599.45},{"text":"that","start":11599.85,"end":11600.17},{"text":"these","start":11600.17,"end":11600.49},{"text":"threats","start":11600.49,"end":11601.05},{"text":"go","start":11601.05,"end":11601.29},{"text":"beyond","start":11601.29,"end":11601.85},{"text":"national","start":11601.85,"end":11602.41},{"text":"borders.","start":11602.41,"end":11603.13}]},{"text":"undermining the security and safety of crews and disrupting international trade.","start":11603.81,"end":11609.29,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."},{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"undermining","start":11603.81,"end":11604.57},{"text":"the","start":11604.57,"end":11604.69},{"text":"security","start":11604.81,"end":11605.41},{"text":"and","start":11605.41,"end":11605.57},{"text":"safety","start":11605.57,"end":11606.17},{"text":"of","start":11606.17,"end":11606.41},{"text":"crews","start":11606.41,"end":11607.13},{"text":"and","start":11607.13,"end":11607.41},{"text":"disrupting","start":11607.41,"end":11608.05},{"text":"international","start":11608.05,"end":11608.73},{"text":"trade.","start":11608.73,"end":11609.29}]},{"text":"Chile condemns attacks on commercial ships and strategic maritime routes such as the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.","start":11609.61,"end":11617.69,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"Chile","start":11609.61,"end":11610.09},{"text":"condemns","start":11610.09,"end":11610.81},{"text":"attacks","start":11610.81,"end":11611.37},{"text":"on","start":11611.37,"end":11611.69},{"text":"commercial","start":11611.69,"end":11612.25},{"text":"ships","start":11612.25,"end":11612.65},{"text":"and","start":11612.65,"end":11612.89},{"text":"strategic","start":11612.89,"end":11613.53},{"text":"maritime","start":11613.53,"end":11614.17},{"text":"routes","start":11614.17,"end":11614.85},{"text":"such","start":11614.85,"end":11615.09},{"text":"as","start":11615.09,"end":11615.21},{"text":"the","start":11615.21,"end":11615.33},{"text":"Strait","start":11615.37,"end":11615.65},{"text":"of","start":11615.65,"end":11615.77},{"text":"Hormuz","start":11615.77,"end":11616.25},{"text":"and","start":11616.25,"end":11616.41},{"text":"the","start":11616.41,"end":11616.49},{"text":"Bab","start":11616.49,"end":11616.65},{"text":"el-Mandeb","start":11616.65,"end":11617.21},{"text":"Strait.","start":11617.21,"end":11617.69}]},{"text":"We reaffirm the importance of guaranteeing the security of navigation and the protection of seafarers in accordance with international law.","start":11618.09,"end":11625.77,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."},{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":11618.09,"end":11618.33},{"text":"reaffirm","start":11618.33,"end":11618.81},{"text":"the","start":11618.81,"end":11619.01},{"text":"importance","start":11619.01,"end":11619.53},{"text":"of","start":11619.53,"end":11619.61},{"text":"guaranteeing","start":11619.61,"end":11620.49},{"text":"the","start":11620.49,"end":11620.61},{"text":"security","start":11620.61,"end":11621.21},{"text":"of","start":11621.21,"end":11621.29},{"text":"navigation","start":11621.29,"end":11622.01},{"text":"and","start":11622.33,"end":11622.53},{"text":"the","start":11622.53,"end":11622.61},{"text":"protection","start":11622.61,"end":11623.09},{"text":"of","start":11623.09,"end":11623.21},{"text":"seafarers","start":11623.21,"end":11623.93},{"text":"in","start":11623.93,"end":11624.01},{"text":"accordance","start":11624.01,"end":11624.57},{"text":"with","start":11624.57,"end":11624.81},{"text":"international","start":11624.81,"end":11625.65},{"text":"law.","start":11625.65,"end":11625.77}]},{"text":"I would like to highlight three priorities in this regard.","start":11627.69,"end":11630.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11627.69,"end":11627.7},{"text":"would","start":11627.69,"end":11627.85},{"text":"like","start":11627.85,"end":11628.01},{"text":"to","start":11628.01,"end":11628.13},{"text":"highlight","start":11628.13,"end":11628.45},{"text":"three","start":11628.45,"end":11628.81},{"text":"priorities","start":11628.81,"end":11629.37},{"text":"in","start":11629.37,"end":11629.49},{"text":"this","start":11629.49,"end":11629.69},{"text":"regard.","start":11629.69,"end":11630.25}]},{"text":"First, strengthen international and regional cooperation, as well as technical assistance and capacity building, particularly in developing countries.","start":11630.25,"end":11638.41,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."},{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":11630.25,"end":11630.61},{"text":"strengthen","start":11630.61,"end":11631.37},{"text":"international","start":11631.37,"end":11631.93},{"text":"and","start":11631.93,"end":11632.13},{"text":"regional","start":11632.13,"end":11632.57},{"text":"cooperation,","start":11632.57,"end":11633.45},{"text":"as","start":11633.45,"end":11633.61},{"text":"well","start":11633.61,"end":11633.85},{"text":"as","start":11633.85,"end":11634.09},{"text":"technical","start":11634.09,"end":11634.53},{"text":"assistance","start":11634.53,"end":11635.13},{"text":"and","start":11635.13,"end":11635.41},{"text":"capacity","start":11635.41,"end":11635.97},{"text":"building,","start":11635.97,"end":11636.41},{"text":"particularly","start":11636.41,"end":11637.13},{"text":"in","start":11637.13,"end":11637.29},{"text":"developing","start":11637.29,"end":11637.85},{"text":"countries.","start":11637.85,"end":11638.41}]},{"text":"That requires the improvement of information exchange, coordination between maritime authorities, and the use of new technologies to combat drug trafficking, illicit trafficking, and other manifestations of transnational organized crime.","start":11639.05,"end":11653.13,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."},{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."},{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":11639.05,"end":11639.37},{"text":"requires","start":11639.37,"end":11640.09},{"text":"the","start":11640.09,"end":11640.21},{"text":"improvement","start":11640.21,"end":11640.81},{"text":"of","start":11640.81,"end":11641.13},{"text":"information","start":11641.13,"end":11641.69},{"text":"exchange,","start":11641.69,"end":11642.25},{"text":"coordination","start":11642.49,"end":11643.45},{"text":"between","start":11643.45,"end":11643.93},{"text":"maritime","start":11643.93,"end":11644.49},{"text":"authorities,","start":11644.49,"end":11645.21},{"text":"and","start":11645.37,"end":11645.69},{"text":"the","start":11645.69,"end":11645.77},{"text":"use","start":11645.77,"end":11646.05},{"text":"of","start":11646.05,"end":11646.17},{"text":"new","start":11646.17,"end":11646.41},{"text":"technologies","start":11646.41,"end":11647.13},{"text":"to","start":11647.13,"end":11647.29},{"text":"combat","start":11647.29,"end":11647.89},{"text":"drug","start":11647.89,"end":11648.09},{"text":"trafficking,","start":11648.09,"end":11648.81},{"text":"illicit","start":11648.81,"end":11649.33},{"text":"trafficking,","start":11649.33,"end":11649.85},{"text":"and","start":11649.85,"end":11650.09},{"text":"other","start":11650.09,"end":11650.25},{"text":"manifestations","start":11650.25,"end":11651.21},{"text":"of","start":11651.21,"end":11651.41},{"text":"transnational","start":11651.41,"end":11652.09},{"text":"organized","start":11652.09,"end":11652.65},{"text":"crime.","start":11652.65,"end":11653.13}]},{"text":"Second, strengthening the security and resilience of critical maritime infrastructure.","start":11654.33,"end":11660.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":11654.33,"end":11654.97},{"text":"strengthening","start":11655.37,"end":11656.09},{"text":"the","start":11656.77,"end":11656.81},{"text":"security","start":11656.93,"end":11657.73},{"text":"and","start":11657.73,"end":11657.93},{"text":"resilience","start":11657.93,"end":11658.69},{"text":"of","start":11658.69,"end":11659.01},{"text":"critical","start":11659.01,"end":11659.41},{"text":"maritime","start":11659.41,"end":11659.97},{"text":"infrastructure.","start":11659.97,"end":11660.73}]},{"text":"The digitalisation of ports and logistics systems requires a strengthening of cyber-attack threat prevention and response capacities.","start":11661.25,"end":11671.73,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":11661.25,"end":11661.41},{"text":"digitalisation","start":11661.41,"end":11662.29},{"text":"of","start":11662.29,"end":11662.37},{"text":"ports","start":11662.37,"end":11662.85},{"text":"and","start":11662.85,"end":11663.09},{"text":"logistics","start":11663.09,"end":11663.81},{"text":"systems","start":11663.81,"end":11664.37},{"text":"requires","start":11664.53,"end":11665.05},{"text":"a","start":11665.05,"end":11665.09},{"text":"strengthening","start":11665.09,"end":11666.13},{"text":"of","start":11666.73,"end":11666.93},{"text":"cyber-attack","start":11667.33,"end":11668.37},{"text":"threat","start":11668.45,"end":11669.01},{"text":"prevention","start":11669.01,"end":11669.73},{"text":"and","start":11669.73,"end":11669.85},{"text":"response","start":11669.85,"end":11670.53},{"text":"capacities.","start":11670.61,"end":11671.73}]},{"text":"Cooperation with the maritime industry, port operators, and the tech sector is essential in order to identify vulnerabilities and develop innovative solutions.","start":11671.97,"end":11681.09,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. 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Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."}],"words":[{"text":"Cooperation","start":11671.97,"end":11672.69},{"text":"with","start":11672.69,"end":11672.85},{"text":"the","start":11672.85,"end":11672.93},{"text":"maritime","start":11672.93,"end":11673.45},{"text":"industry,","start":11673.45,"end":11674.13},{"text":"port","start":11674.13,"end":11674.53},{"text":"operators,","start":11674.53,"end":11675.25},{"text":"and","start":11675.25,"end":11675.37},{"text":"the","start":11675.37,"end":11675.45},{"text":"tech","start":11675.45,"end":11675.81},{"text":"sector","start":11675.81,"end":11676.29},{"text":"is","start":11676.29,"end":11676.45},{"text":"essential","start":11676.45,"end":11677.09},{"text":"in","start":11677.09,"end":11677.25},{"text":"order","start":11677.25,"end":11677.53},{"text":"to","start":11677.53,"end":11677.61},{"text":"identify","start":11677.61,"end":11678.21},{"text":"vulnerabilities","start":11678.21,"end":11679.17},{"text":"and","start":11679.17,"end":11679.37},{"text":"develop","start":11679.37,"end":11679.73},{"text":"innovative","start":11679.73,"end":11680.29},{"text":"solutions.","start":11680.29,"end":11681.09}]},{"text":"And third, make sure that the development and use of emerging technologies is in line with international law, particularly the United Nations Charter and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.","start":11682.01,"end":11693.61,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":11682.01,"end":11682.17},{"text":"third,","start":11682.17,"end":11682.81},{"text":"make","start":11683.05,"end":11683.29},{"text":"sure","start":11683.29,"end":11683.69},{"text":"that","start":11683.69,"end":11684.09},{"text":"the","start":11684.17,"end":11684.29},{"text":"development","start":11684.33,"end":11684.85},{"text":"and","start":11684.85,"end":11684.97},{"text":"use","start":11684.97,"end":11685.29},{"text":"of","start":11685.29,"end":11685.41},{"text":"emerging","start":11685.41,"end":11685.85},{"text":"technologies","start":11685.85,"end":11686.57},{"text":"is","start":11686.57,"end":11686.73},{"text":"in","start":11686.73,"end":11686.89},{"text":"line","start":11686.89,"end":11687.13},{"text":"with","start":11687.13,"end":11687.33},{"text":"international","start":11687.33,"end":11688.29},{"text":"law,","start":11688.29,"end":11688.37},{"text":"particularly","start":11688.37,"end":11689.13},{"text":"the","start":11689.13,"end":11689.21},{"text":"United","start":11689.21,"end":11689.65},{"text":"Nations","start":11689.65,"end":11690.09},{"text":"Charter","start":11690.09,"end":11690.65},{"text":"and","start":11690.89,"end":11691.21},{"text":"the","start":11691.21,"end":11691.33},{"text":"United","start":11691.33,"end":11691.73},{"text":"Nations","start":11691.73,"end":11692.05},{"text":"Convention","start":11692.05,"end":11692.57},{"text":"on","start":11692.57,"end":11692.65},{"text":"the","start":11692.65,"end":11692.73},{"text":"Law","start":11692.73,"end":11692.89},{"text":"of","start":11692.93,"end":11693.05},{"text":"the","start":11693.05,"end":11693.17},{"text":"Sea.","start":11693.17,"end":11693.61}]},{"text":"Autonomous systems must have adequate human oversight and accountability mechanisms that allow for the prevention of incidents and reduce the risk of escalation.","start":11694.97,"end":11706.09,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"Autonomous","start":11694.97,"end":11695.69},{"text":"systems","start":11695.69,"end":11696.25},{"text":"must","start":11696.41,"end":11696.89},{"text":"have","start":11696.89,"end":11697.45},{"text":"adequate","start":11697.69,"end":11698.33},{"text":"human","start":11698.33,"end":11698.81},{"text":"oversight","start":11698.81,"end":11699.33},{"text":"and","start":11699.33,"end":11699.49},{"text":"accountability","start":11699.49,"end":11700.25},{"text":"mechanisms","start":11700.25,"end":11701.05},{"text":"that","start":11701.29,"end":11701.69},{"text":"allow","start":11701.69,"end":11702.09},{"text":"for","start":11702.09,"end":11702.25},{"text":"the","start":11702.57,"end":11702.73},{"text":"prevention","start":11702.81,"end":11703.61},{"text":"of","start":11703.61,"end":11703.77},{"text":"incidents","start":11703.77,"end":11704.25},{"text":"and","start":11704.25,"end":11704.45},{"text":"reduce","start":11704.45,"end":11704.89},{"text":"the","start":11704.89,"end":11705.01},{"text":"risk","start":11705.01,"end":11705.29},{"text":"of","start":11705.29,"end":11705.37},{"text":"escalation.","start":11705.37,"end":11706.09}]},{"text":"We also firmly believe that the Security Council should continue to consider threats to international navigation which would compromise peace and security, thus complementing the work of specialized international bodies.","start":11707.13,"end":11722.41,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":11707.13,"end":11707.37},{"text":"also","start":11707.37,"end":11707.69},{"text":"firmly","start":11707.69,"end":11708.25},{"text":"believe","start":11708.25,"end":11708.65},{"text":"that","start":11708.65,"end":11708.97},{"text":"the","start":11708.97,"end":11709.17},{"text":"Security","start":11710.49,"end":11710.89},{"text":"Council","start":11710.89,"end":11711.53},{"text":"should","start":11711.53,"end":11711.77},{"text":"continue","start":11711.77,"end":11712.25},{"text":"to","start":11712.25,"end":11712.37},{"text":"consider","start":11712.37,"end":11712.89},{"text":"threats","start":11712.89,"end":11713.21},{"text":"to","start":11713.21,"end":11713.37},{"text":"international","start":11713.37,"end":11714.09},{"text":"navigation","start":11714.09,"end":11714.89},{"text":"which","start":11715.05,"end":11715.45},{"text":"would","start":11715.45,"end":11715.69},{"text":"compromise","start":11715.69,"end":11716.41},{"text":"peace","start":11716.57,"end":11716.85},{"text":"and","start":11716.85,"end":11717.01},{"text":"security,","start":11717.01,"end":11717.93},{"text":"thus","start":11718.41,"end":11718.65},{"text":"complementing","start":11718.65,"end":11719.45},{"text":"the","start":11719.45,"end":11719.53},{"text":"work","start":11719.53,"end":11719.85},{"text":"of","start":11719.85,"end":11720.09},{"text":"specialized","start":11720.09,"end":11720.81},{"text":"international","start":11720.81,"end":11721.61},{"text":"bodies.","start":11721.77,"end":11722.41}]},{"text":"Finally, Madam President, Chile believes that maritime security and technological innovation should contribute to international security, economic growth, and sustainable development.","start":11723.37,"end":11735.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":11723.37,"end":11724.17},{"text":"Madam","start":11725.29,"end":11725.61},{"text":"President,","start":11725.61,"end":11726.17},{"text":"Chile","start":11726.17,"end":11726.57},{"text":"believes","start":11726.57,"end":11727.05},{"text":"that","start":11727.05,"end":11727.45},{"text":"maritime","start":11727.45,"end":11727.93},{"text":"security","start":11727.93,"end":11728.41},{"text":"and","start":11728.41,"end":11728.53},{"text":"technological","start":11728.53,"end":11729.29},{"text":"innovation","start":11729.29,"end":11730.17},{"text":"should","start":11730.89,"end":11731.21},{"text":"contribute","start":11731.21,"end":11731.89},{"text":"to","start":11731.89,"end":11731.97},{"text":"international","start":11731.97,"end":11732.53},{"text":"security,","start":11732.53,"end":11733.21},{"text":"economic","start":11733.21,"end":11733.65},{"text":"growth,","start":11733.65,"end":11734.01},{"text":"and","start":11734.01,"end":11734.17},{"text":"sustainable","start":11734.17,"end":11734.69},{"text":"development.","start":11734.69,"end":11735.37}]},{"text":"Chile will continue to promote effective international cooperation that is rooted in respect for international law, the defense of its national interests, and commitment to an international order based on rules.","start":11735.61,"end":11748.53,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. 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Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed 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you very much, Madam President.","start":11748.53,"end":11749.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":11748.53,"end":11748.69},{"text":"you","start":11748.69,"end":11748.77},{"text":"very","start":11748.77,"end":11748.93},{"text":"much,","start":11748.93,"end":11749.13},{"text":"Madam","start":11749.13,"end":11749.33},{"text":"President.","start":11749.33,"end":11749.73}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"CHL","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Chile"}},{"statement_number":58,"start":11749.73,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=3:15:50","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Representative of Chile for the statement.","start":11749.73,"end":11751.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Representative","start":11749.73,"end":11750.25},{"text":"of","start":11750.25,"end":11750.33},{"text":"Chile","start":11750.33,"end":11750.69},{"text":"for","start":11750.73,"end":11750.97},{"text":"the","start":11750.97,"end":11751.05},{"text":"statement.","start":11751.05,"end":11751.69}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the representative of Portugal.","start":11751.69,"end":11754.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11751.69,"end":11751.73},{"text":"now","start":11751.73,"end":11752.01},{"text":"give","start":11752.01,"end":11752.25},{"text":"the","start":11752.25,"end":11752.41},{"text":"floor","start":11752.41,"end":11752.73},{"text":"to","start":11752.73,"end":11752.89},{"text":"the","start":11752.89,"end":11752.97},{"text":"representative","start":11752.97,"end":11753.93},{"text":"of","start":11753.93,"end":11754.01},{"text":"Portugal.","start":11754.01,"end":11754.73}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GRC","group":null,"function":"President of the Security Council","affiliation_full":"Greece"}},{"statement_number":59,"start":11755.85,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=3:15:56","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam President.","start":11755.85,"end":11757.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":11755.85,"end":11756.17},{"text":"you,","start":11756.17,"end":11756.29},{"text":"Madam","start":11756.29,"end":11756.69},{"text":"President.","start":11756.69,"end":11757.29}]},{"text":"I would like to start to commend the Greek Presidency for convening this timely debate.","start":11757.53,"end":11761.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11757.53,"end":11757.61},{"text":"would","start":11757.61,"end":11757.77},{"text":"like","start":11757.77,"end":11757.97},{"text":"to","start":11757.97,"end":11758.05},{"text":"start","start":11758.05,"end":11758.45},{"text":"to","start":11758.45,"end":11758.57},{"text":"commend","start":11758.57,"end":11758.93},{"text":"the","start":11758.93,"end":11759.05},{"text":"Greek","start":11759.05,"end":11759.29},{"text":"Presidency","start":11759.29,"end":11759.93},{"text":"for","start":11759.93,"end":11760.13},{"text":"convening","start":11760.13,"end":11760.65},{"text":"this","start":11760.65,"end":11760.89},{"text":"timely","start":11760.89,"end":11761.29},{"text":"debate.","start":11761.29,"end":11761.77}]},{"text":"As Greece, Madam President, we are also a maritime nation.","start":11763.29,"end":11766.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":11763.29,"end":11763.53},{"text":"Greece,","start":11763.53,"end":11763.93},{"text":"Madam","start":11763.93,"end":11764.33},{"text":"President,","start":11764.33,"end":11764.85},{"text":"we","start":11764.97,"end":11765.29},{"text":"are","start":11765.29,"end":11765.37},{"text":"also","start":11765.37,"end":11765.85},{"text":"a","start":11765.85,"end":11765.93},{"text":"maritime","start":11765.93,"end":11766.49},{"text":"nation.","start":11766.49,"end":11766.97}]},{"text":"with a particular interest in maritime security.","start":11767.53,"end":11769.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"with","start":11767.53,"end":11767.61},{"text":"a","start":11767.61,"end":11767.69},{"text":"particular","start":11767.69,"end":11768.17},{"text":"interest","start":11768.17,"end":11768.57},{"text":"in","start":11768.57,"end":11768.81},{"text":"maritime","start":11768.89,"end":11769.37},{"text":"security.","start":11769.37,"end":11769.97}]},{"text":"But security at sea concerns all nations, including landlocked countries, all served by lifelines of economic chains.","start":11770.09,"end":11779.45,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":11770.09,"end":11770.25},{"text":"security","start":11770.25,"end":11770.93},{"text":"at","start":11770.93,"end":11771.01},{"text":"sea","start":11771.01,"end":11771.53},{"text":"concerns","start":11771.69,"end":11772.41},{"text":"all","start":11772.41,"end":11772.65},{"text":"nations,","start":11772.65,"end":11773.29},{"text":"including","start":11773.37,"end":11773.93},{"text":"landlocked","start":11773.93,"end":11774.73},{"text":"countries,","start":11774.97,"end":11775.69},{"text":"all","start":11775.85,"end":11776.09},{"text":"served","start":11776.09,"end":11776.49},{"text":"by","start":11776.49,"end":11776.73},{"text":"lifelines","start":11776.73,"end":11777.45},{"text":"of","start":11777.53,"end":11777.69},{"text":"economic","start":11777.69,"end":11778.25},{"text":"chains.","start":11778.73,"end":11779.45}]},{"text":"This is reflected by data flowing by submarine cables or supplies transported by sea, notably food and energy products.","start":11779.93,"end":11788.81,"topics":[{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."},{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":11779.93,"end":11780.17},{"text":"is","start":11780.17,"end":11780.33},{"text":"reflected","start":11780.33,"end":11780.93},{"text":"by","start":11780.93,"end":11781.13},{"text":"data","start":11781.13,"end":11781.93},{"text":"flowing","start":11782.17,"end":11782.73},{"text":"by","start":11782.73,"end":11782.89},{"text":"submarine","start":11782.89,"end":11783.45},{"text":"cables","start":11783.45,"end":11784.09},{"text":"or","start":11784.09,"end":11784.33},{"text":"supplies","start":11784.33,"end":11784.89},{"text":"transported","start":11784.89,"end":11785.53},{"text":"by","start":11785.53,"end":11785.77},{"text":"sea,","start":11785.77,"end":11786.09},{"text":"notably","start":11786.09,"end":11786.89},{"text":"food","start":11786.97,"end":11787.45},{"text":"and","start":11787.61,"end":11787.81},{"text":"energy","start":11787.81,"end":11788.17},{"text":"products.","start":11788.17,"end":11788.81}]},{"text":"Preserving these trade networks must be a priority for all countries.","start":11789.77,"end":11793.69,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Preserving","start":11789.77,"end":11790.49},{"text":"these","start":11790.49,"end":11790.73},{"text":"trade","start":11790.73,"end":11791.05},{"text":"networks","start":11791.05,"end":11791.69},{"text":"must","start":11791.69,"end":11791.93},{"text":"be","start":11791.93,"end":11792.09},{"text":"a","start":11792.09,"end":11792.13},{"text":"priority","start":11792.13,"end":11792.73},{"text":"for","start":11792.73,"end":11792.93},{"text":"all","start":11792.93,"end":11793.05},{"text":"countries.","start":11793.05,"end":11793.69}]},{"text":"Portugal would like to highlight three priorities.","start":11795.25,"end":11797.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Portugal","start":11795.25,"end":11795.57},{"text":"would","start":11795.57,"end":11795.69},{"text":"like","start":11795.69,"end":11796.01},{"text":"to","start":11796.01,"end":11796.17},{"text":"highlight","start":11796.17,"end":11796.65},{"text":"three","start":11796.73,"end":11796.89},{"text":"priorities.","start":11796.89,"end":11797.77}]},{"text":"First, uphold international law.","start":11797.85,"end":11799.97,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":11797.85,"end":11798.41},{"text":"uphold","start":11798.57,"end":11799.05},{"text":"international","start":11799.05,"end":11799.89},{"text":"law.","start":11799.89,"end":11799.97}]},{"text":"The UN Charter and UNCLOS remain our compass.","start":11800.09,"end":11803.53,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":11800.09,"end":11800.33},{"text":"UN","start":11800.33,"end":11800.61},{"text":"Charter","start":11800.61,"end":11800.85},{"text":"and","start":11800.85,"end":11800.97},{"text":"UNCLOS","start":11800.97,"end":11801.93},{"text":"remain","start":11801.93,"end":11802.49},{"text":"our","start":11802.49,"end":11802.81},{"text":"compass.","start":11802.81,"end":11803.53}]},{"text":"Technological innovation cannot dilute obligations concerning freedom of navigation and protection of commercial shipping.","start":11804.01,"end":11812.81,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."},{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"Technological","start":11804.01,"end":11804.97},{"text":"innovation","start":11804.97,"end":11805.85},{"text":"cannot","start":11806.17,"end":11806.65},{"text":"dilute","start":11806.65,"end":11807.21},{"text":"obligations","start":11807.45,"end":11808.25},{"text":"concerning","start":11808.25,"end":11808.97},{"text":"freedom","start":11809.13,"end":11809.57},{"text":"of","start":11809.57,"end":11809.69},{"text":"navigation","start":11809.69,"end":11810.41},{"text":"and","start":11810.41,"end":11810.65},{"text":"protection","start":11810.65,"end":11811.25},{"text":"of","start":11811.25,"end":11811.37},{"text":"commercial","start":11811.69,"end":11812.33},{"text":"shipping.","start":11812.33,"end":11812.81}]},{"text":"Seafarers must be protected from attacks and coercion.","start":11813.45,"end":11816.65,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"Seafarers","start":11813.45,"end":11814.25},{"text":"must","start":11814.25,"end":11814.45},{"text":"be","start":11814.45,"end":11814.57},{"text":"protected","start":11814.57,"end":11815.17},{"text":"from","start":11815.17,"end":11815.37},{"text":"attacks","start":11815.37,"end":11815.81},{"text":"and","start":11815.81,"end":11815.93},{"text":"coercion.","start":11815.93,"end":11816.65}]},{"text":"Second.","start":11817.29,"end":11817.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Second.","start":11817.29,"end":11817.69}]},{"text":"Turn innovation into prevention through human responsibility.","start":11818.73,"end":11822.25,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"Turn","start":11818.73,"end":11818.89},{"text":"innovation","start":11818.89,"end":11819.53},{"text":"into","start":11819.53,"end":11819.77},{"text":"prevention","start":11819.77,"end":11820.49},{"text":"through","start":11820.53,"end":11820.81},{"text":"human","start":11820.81,"end":11821.21},{"text":"responsibility.","start":11821.21,"end":11822.25}]},{"text":"Artificial intelligence, satellite observation, and unmanned systems improve maritime awareness and protect shipping lanes and submarine infrastructure.","start":11822.49,"end":11831.45,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."},{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."},{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"Artificial","start":11822.49,"end":11823.09},{"text":"intelligence,","start":11823.09,"end":11823.97},{"text":"satellite","start":11823.97,"end":11824.49},{"text":"observation,","start":11824.49,"end":11825.29},{"text":"and","start":11825.29,"end":11825.57},{"text":"unmanned","start":11825.57,"end":11826.33},{"text":"systems","start":11826.65,"end":11827.33},{"text":"improve","start":11827.33,"end":11827.77},{"text":"maritime","start":11827.77,"end":11828.33},{"text":"awareness","start":11828.33,"end":11828.85},{"text":"and","start":11828.85,"end":11829.01},{"text":"protect","start":11829.01,"end":11829.53},{"text":"shipping","start":11829.53,"end":11829.85},{"text":"lanes","start":11829.85,"end":11830.21},{"text":"and","start":11830.21,"end":11830.33},{"text":"submarine","start":11830.33,"end":11830.77},{"text":"infrastructure.","start":11830.77,"end":11831.45}]},{"text":"But autonomous systems require effective human oversight, clear accountability, and safeguards against miscalculation.","start":11832.33,"end":11840.81,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":11832.33,"end":11832.57},{"text":"autonomous","start":11832.57,"end":11833.25},{"text":"systems","start":11833.25,"end":11833.77},{"text":"require","start":11833.77,"end":11834.37},{"text":"effective","start":11834.37,"end":11834.97},{"text":"human","start":11835.29,"end":11835.77},{"text":"oversight,","start":11835.77,"end":11836.57},{"text":"clear","start":11836.81,"end":11837.29},{"text":"accountability,","start":11837.29,"end":11838.33},{"text":"and","start":11838.33,"end":11838.49},{"text":"safeguards","start":11838.49,"end":11839.33},{"text":"against","start":11839.33,"end":11839.85},{"text":"miscalculation.","start":11839.85,"end":11840.81}]},{"text":"We must strengthen information sharing and cybersecurity preparedness.","start":11841.69,"end":11846.09,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."},{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":11841.69,"end":11841.93},{"text":"must","start":11841.93,"end":11842.21},{"text":"strengthen","start":11842.21,"end":11842.89},{"text":"information","start":11842.97,"end":11843.69},{"text":"sharing","start":11843.69,"end":11844.17},{"text":"and","start":11844.25,"end":11844.41},{"text":"cybersecurity","start":11844.41,"end":11845.29},{"text":"preparedness.","start":11845.29,"end":11846.09}]},{"text":"Maritime and technology industries should embed security into design, report vulnerabilities, and cooperate with public authorities through joint risk assessment.","start":11846.73,"end":11857.57,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."},{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"Maritime","start":11846.73,"end":11847.21},{"text":"and","start":11847.21,"end":11847.33},{"text":"technology","start":11847.33,"end":11847.97},{"text":"industries","start":11847.97,"end":11848.65},{"text":"should","start":11848.65,"end":11848.85},{"text":"embed","start":11848.85,"end":11849.25},{"text":"security","start":11850.17,"end":11850.85},{"text":"into","start":11850.85,"end":11851.05},{"text":"design,","start":11851.05,"end":11851.69},{"text":"report","start":11851.69,"end":11852.33},{"text":"vulnerabilities,","start":11852.33,"end":11853.29},{"text":"and","start":11853.29,"end":11853.45},{"text":"cooperate","start":11853.45,"end":11854.09},{"text":"with","start":11854.09,"end":11854.33},{"text":"public","start":11854.41,"end":11854.81},{"text":"authorities","start":11854.81,"end":11855.81},{"text":"through","start":11855.81,"end":11856.17},{"text":"joint","start":11856.25,"end":11856.65},{"text":"risk","start":11856.65,"end":11856.93},{"text":"assessment.","start":11856.93,"end":11857.57}]},{"text":"Third, ensure that security is shared.","start":11858.53,"end":11861.41,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":11858.53,"end":11858.89},{"text":"ensure","start":11859.45,"end":11859.93},{"text":"that","start":11859.93,"end":11860.17},{"text":"security","start":11860.17,"end":11860.77},{"text":"is","start":11860.77,"end":11860.89},{"text":"shared.","start":11860.89,"end":11861.41}]},{"text":"Portugal supports deeper cooperation between states, regional organizations, and the private sector to enhance operational preparedness.","start":11861.69,"end":11869.29,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"Portugal","start":11861.69,"end":11862.09},{"text":"supports","start":11862.09,"end":11862.57},{"text":"deeper","start":11862.57,"end":11862.89},{"text":"cooperation","start":11862.89,"end":11863.57},{"text":"between","start":11863.57,"end":11863.93},{"text":"states,","start":11863.93,"end":11864.49},{"text":"regional","start":11864.97,"end":11865.41},{"text":"organizations,","start":11865.41,"end":11866.33},{"text":"and","start":11866.41,"end":11866.61},{"text":"the","start":11866.61,"end":11866.73},{"text":"private","start":11866.73,"end":11867.13},{"text":"sector","start":11867.13,"end":11867.61},{"text":"to","start":11867.61,"end":11867.77},{"text":"enhance","start":11867.77,"end":11868.09},{"text":"operational","start":11868.09,"end":11868.69},{"text":"preparedness.","start":11868.69,"end":11869.29}]},{"text":"The Atlantic Center is a good example of how to build capacity in maritime security.","start":11870.01,"end":11875.05,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":11870.01,"end":11870.21},{"text":"Atlantic","start":11870.21,"end":11870.65},{"text":"Center","start":11870.65,"end":11871.21},{"text":"is","start":11871.21,"end":11871.45},{"text":"a","start":11871.45,"end":11871.49},{"text":"good","start":11871.49,"end":11871.69},{"text":"example","start":11871.69,"end":11872.25},{"text":"of","start":11872.25,"end":11872.49},{"text":"how","start":11872.49,"end":11872.65},{"text":"to","start":11872.65,"end":11872.81},{"text":"build","start":11872.81,"end":11873.05},{"text":"capacity","start":11873.05,"end":11873.65},{"text":"in","start":11873.65,"end":11873.77},{"text":"maritime","start":11873.77,"end":11874.33},{"text":"security.","start":11874.33,"end":11875.05}]},{"text":"and exchange knowledge in maritime governance.","start":11875.61,"end":11878.01,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":11875.61,"end":11875.73},{"text":"exchange","start":11875.73,"end":11876.25},{"text":"knowledge","start":11876.25,"end":11876.73},{"text":"in","start":11876.73,"end":11876.97},{"text":"maritime","start":11876.97,"end":11877.45},{"text":"governance.","start":11877.45,"end":11878.01}]},{"text":"Our approach combines commitment to international law with practical cooperation at sea.","start":11879.21,"end":11884.13,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."},{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":11879.21,"end":11879.29},{"text":"approach","start":11879.29,"end":11879.93},{"text":"combines","start":11879.93,"end":11880.65},{"text":"commitment","start":11880.65,"end":11881.17},{"text":"to","start":11881.17,"end":11881.25},{"text":"international","start":11881.25,"end":11882.09},{"text":"law","start":11882.09,"end":11882.17},{"text":"with","start":11882.17,"end":11882.41},{"text":"practical","start":11882.41,"end":11882.97},{"text":"cooperation","start":11882.97,"end":11883.61},{"text":"at","start":11883.61,"end":11883.77},{"text":"sea.","start":11883.77,"end":11884.13}]},{"text":"This is translated through the participation in the European Union naval operation Atalanta as command of the force, Irini and Aspids.","start":11884.17,"end":11895.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":11884.17,"end":11884.65},{"text":"is","start":11884.65,"end":11884.97},{"text":"translated","start":11885.93,"end":11886.73},{"text":"through","start":11887.33,"end":11887.53},{"text":"the","start":11887.53,"end":11887.65},{"text":"participation","start":11887.65,"end":11888.65},{"text":"in","start":11888.65,"end":11888.89},{"text":"the","start":11888.89,"end":11888.97},{"text":"European","start":11888.97,"end":11889.45},{"text":"Union","start":11889.45,"end":11889.69},{"text":"naval","start":11889.69,"end":11890.17},{"text":"operation","start":11890.17,"end":11890.73},{"text":"Atalanta","start":11890.73,"end":11891.45},{"text":"as","start":11891.69,"end":11891.93},{"text":"command","start":11891.93,"end":11892.41},{"text":"of","start":11892.41,"end":11892.49},{"text":"the","start":11892.49,"end":11892.61},{"text":"force,","start":11892.61,"end":11893.21},{"text":"Irini","start":11893.77,"end":11894.33},{"text":"and","start":11894.41,"end":11894.69},{"text":"Aspids.","start":11894.69,"end":11895.25}]},{"text":"I also highlight the capacity building program SWIMS implemented by Portugal in West Africa.","start":11895.77,"end":11902.97,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11895.77,"end":11895.93},{"text":"also","start":11895.93,"end":11896.25},{"text":"highlight","start":11896.25,"end":11897.53},{"text":"the","start":11898.57,"end":11898.69},{"text":"capacity","start":11898.69,"end":11899.21},{"text":"building","start":11899.21,"end":11899.65},{"text":"program","start":11899.69,"end":11900.17},{"text":"SWIMS","start":11900.17,"end":11900.73},{"text":"implemented","start":11900.73,"end":11901.37},{"text":"by","start":11901.37,"end":11901.61},{"text":"Portugal","start":11901.61,"end":11902.09},{"text":"in","start":11902.09,"end":11902.25},{"text":"West","start":11902.25,"end":11902.49},{"text":"Africa.","start":11902.49,"end":11902.97}]},{"text":"Developing countries must have access to expertise that's strengthening their own maritime capabilities.","start":11903.89,"end":11910.17,"topics":[{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."}],"words":[{"text":"Developing","start":11903.89,"end":11904.53},{"text":"countries","start":11904.53,"end":11905.01},{"text":"must","start":11905.01,"end":11905.41},{"text":"have","start":11905.41,"end":11905.65},{"text":"access","start":11905.73,"end":11906.21},{"text":"to","start":11906.21,"end":11906.37},{"text":"expertise","start":11906.37,"end":11907.17},{"text":"that's","start":11907.17,"end":11907.45},{"text":"strengthening","start":11907.45,"end":11907.93},{"text":"their","start":11907.93,"end":11908.13},{"text":"own","start":11908.13,"end":11908.37},{"text":"maritime","start":11908.61,"end":11909.33},{"text":"capabilities.","start":11909.41,"end":11910.17}]},{"text":"Madam President, we cannot afford to address maritime security only when threats have already turned into crisis.","start":11910.69,"end":11917.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":11910.69,"end":11911.09},{"text":"President,","start":11911.09,"end":11911.65},{"text":"we","start":11912.13,"end":11912.37},{"text":"cannot","start":11912.37,"end":11912.69},{"text":"afford","start":11912.69,"end":11913.29},{"text":"to","start":11913.29,"end":11913.45},{"text":"address","start":11913.45,"end":11913.81},{"text":"maritime","start":11913.81,"end":11914.37},{"text":"security","start":11914.37,"end":11915.01},{"text":"only","start":11915.01,"end":11915.29},{"text":"when","start":11915.29,"end":11915.57},{"text":"threats","start":11915.57,"end":11915.97},{"text":"have","start":11915.97,"end":11916.13},{"text":"already","start":11916.13,"end":11916.49},{"text":"turned","start":11916.49,"end":11916.77},{"text":"into","start":11916.77,"end":11917.01},{"text":"crisis.","start":11917.01,"end":11917.65}]},{"text":"As emerging technologies reshape security landscape at sea, our collective response must become more coordinated and firmly anchored in international law.","start":11918.13,"end":11929.29,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."},{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":11918.13,"end":11918.29},{"text":"emerging","start":11918.29,"end":11918.85},{"text":"technologies","start":11920.17,"end":11920.85},{"text":"reshape","start":11920.85,"end":11921.41},{"text":"security","start":11921.41,"end":11921.97},{"text":"landscape","start":11921.97,"end":11922.57},{"text":"at","start":11922.57,"end":11922.65},{"text":"sea,","start":11922.65,"end":11923.13},{"text":"our","start":11923.57,"end":11923.81},{"text":"collective","start":11923.81,"end":11924.29},{"text":"response","start":11924.29,"end":11924.93},{"text":"must","start":11924.93,"end":11925.17},{"text":"become","start":11925.17,"end":11925.69},{"text":"more","start":11925.69,"end":11925.89},{"text":"coordinated","start":11925.89,"end":11926.61},{"text":"and","start":11927.01,"end":11927.25},{"text":"firmly","start":11927.25,"end":11927.73},{"text":"anchored","start":11927.73,"end":11928.17},{"text":"in","start":11928.29,"end":11928.45},{"text":"international","start":11928.45,"end":11929.21},{"text":"law.","start":11929.21,"end":11929.29}]},{"text":"Portugal advocates for strongly stronger early warning, closer cooperation with regional organizations and specialized bodies, including IMO, and more effective prevention action to safeguard freedom of navigation and critical maritime infrastructure.","start":11930.21,"end":11946.69,"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."},{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."},{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair 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ambition is clear: to ensure that technological innovation becomes an instrument of peace rather than another source of instability, and that the Council acts not only to respond to the next crisis at sea, but to help prevent 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thank you.","start":11962.85,"end":11963.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11962.85,"end":11962.86},{"text":"thank","start":11962.85,"end":11963.09},{"text":"you.","start":11963.09,"end":11963.17}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"PRT","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Portugal"}},{"statement_number":60,"start":11964.05,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=3:19:25","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Portugal for the statement.","start":11964.05,"end":11967.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11964.05,"end":11964.21},{"text":"thank","start":11964.21,"end":11964.49},{"text":"the","start":11964.49,"end":11964.61},{"text":"representative","start":11964.61,"end":11965.57},{"text":"of","start":11965.61,"end":11965.73},{"text":"Portugal","start":11965.73,"end":11966.37},{"text":"for","start":11966.37,"end":11966.61},{"text":"the","start":11966.61,"end":11966.73},{"text":"statement.","start":11966.73,"end":11967.41}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the representative of Egypt.","start":11967.41,"end":11970.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11967.41,"end":11967.45},{"text":"now","start":11967.45,"end":11967.73},{"text":"give","start":11967.73,"end":11968.05},{"text":"the","start":11968.05,"end":11968.13},{"text":"floor","start":11968.13,"end":11968.53},{"text":"to","start":11968.53,"end":11968.69},{"text":"the","start":11968.69,"end":11968.81},{"text":"representative","start":11968.81,"end":11969.81},{"text":"of","start":11969.85,"end":11969.97},{"text":"Egypt.","start":11969.97,"end":11970.45}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GRC","group":null,"function":"President of the Security Council","affiliation_full":"Greece"}},{"statement_number":61,"start":11973.33,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=3:19:34","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Madam President, maritime security is a vital lifeline for international economy.","start":11973.33,"end":11982.29,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, 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Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":11973.33,"end":11973.61},{"text":"President,","start":11973.61,"end":11974.29},{"text":"maritime","start":11976.69,"end":11977.49},{"text":"security","start":11977.73,"end":11978.69},{"text":"is","start":11978.85,"end":11979.05},{"text":"a","start":11979.05,"end":11979.09},{"text":"vital","start":11979.09,"end":11979.73},{"text":"lifeline","start":11979.73,"end":11980.45},{"text":"for","start":11980.85,"end":11981.09},{"text":"international","start":11981.09,"end":11981.69},{"text":"economy.","start":11981.69,"end":11982.29}]},{"text":"Therefore, any damage to this lifeline would impact stability of countries and the livelihoods of their peoples by impacting the flow of energy and food supply chains, and this will eventually adversely affect security and stability of the international order.","start":11982.77,"end":12012.85,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":11982.77,"end":11983.41},{"text":"any","start":11984.21,"end":11984.53},{"text":"damage","start":11984.53,"end":11985.25},{"text":"to","start":11986.05,"end":11986.21},{"text":"this","start":11986.21,"end":11986.45},{"text":"lifeline","start":11986.45,"end":11987.17},{"text":"would","start":11989.49,"end":11989.89},{"text":"impact","start":11989.89,"end":11990.69},{"text":"stability","start":11991.33,"end":11992.05},{"text":"of","start":11992.29,"end":11992.45},{"text":"countries","start":11992.45,"end":11993.17},{"text":"and","start":11993.73,"end":11993.97},{"text":"the","start":11993.97,"end":11994.05},{"text":"livelihoods","start":11994.05,"end":11994.85},{"text":"of","start":11994.93,"end":11995.33},{"text":"their","start":11995.41,"end":11995.65},{"text":"peoples","start":11995.65,"end":11996.29},{"text":"by","start":11998.13,"end":11998.53},{"text":"impacting","start":11998.53,"end":11999.21},{"text":"the","start":11999.21,"end":11999.33},{"text":"flow","start":11999.33,"end":11999.97},{"text":"of","start":12000.53,"end":12000.77},{"text":"energy","start":12000.77,"end":12001.49},{"text":"and","start":12001.49,"end":12001.77},{"text":"food","start":12001.77,"end":12002.29},{"text":"supply","start":12002.37,"end":12003.01},{"text":"chains,","start":12003.01,"end":12003.57},{"text":"and","start":12004.13,"end":12004.33},{"text":"this","start":12004.33,"end":12004.77},{"text":"will","start":12004.77,"end":12005.25},{"text":"eventually","start":12006.13,"end":12007.01},{"text":"adversely","start":12007.33,"end":12008.01},{"text":"affect","start":12008.01,"end":12008.69},{"text":"security","start":12009.25,"end":12010.21},{"text":"and","start":12010.45,"end":12010.69},{"text":"stability","start":12010.69,"end":12011.33},{"text":"of","start":12011.33,"end":12011.57},{"text":"the","start":12011.57,"end":12011.69},{"text":"international","start":12011.69,"end":12012.37},{"text":"order.","start":12012.37,"end":12012.85}]},{"text":"Current developments have reaffirmed that the security and freedom of navigation go hand in hand with geopolitical crises, therefore addressing them would require a comprehensive approach that addresses the root causes of tensions that respect the purposes of the UN Charter and the rules of international law, notably UNCLOS.","start":12013.57,"end":12039.45,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"Current","start":12013.57,"end":12013.77},{"text":"developments","start":12013.77,"end":12014.73},{"text":"have","start":12014.73,"end":12014.97},{"text":"reaffirmed","start":12014.97,"end":12015.77},{"text":"that","start":12016.09,"end":12016.41},{"text":"the","start":12016.41,"end":12016.49},{"text":"security","start":12016.49,"end":12017.21},{"text":"and","start":12017.21,"end":12017.37},{"text":"freedom","start":12017.37,"end":12017.93},{"text":"of","start":12018.01,"end":12018.17},{"text":"navigation","start":12018.17,"end":12018.81},{"text":"go","start":12018.81,"end":12019.01},{"text":"hand","start":12019.01,"end":12019.37},{"text":"in","start":12019.37,"end":12019.53},{"text":"hand","start":12019.53,"end":12020.01},{"text":"with","start":12020.01,"end":12020.33},{"text":"geopolitical","start":12020.33,"end":12021.21},{"text":"crises,","start":12021.21,"end":12022.01},{"text":"therefore","start":12022.25,"end":12022.97},{"text":"addressing","start":12022.97,"end":12023.61},{"text":"them","start":12023.61,"end":12024.01},{"text":"would","start":12024.33,"end":12024.65},{"text":"require","start":12024.65,"end":12025.53},{"text":"a","start":12025.61,"end":12025.69},{"text":"comprehensive","start":12025.69,"end":12026.65},{"text":"approach","start":12026.65,"end":12027.37},{"text":"that","start":12027.37,"end":12027.81},{"text":"addresses","start":12027.81,"end":12028.57},{"text":"the","start":12028.57,"end":12028.69},{"text":"root","start":12028.69,"end":12028.97},{"text":"causes","start":12028.97,"end":12029.69},{"text":"of","start":12029.69,"end":12029.85},{"text":"tensions","start":12029.85,"end":12030.57},{"text":"that","start":12031.05,"end":12031.37},{"text":"respect","start":12031.37,"end":12031.93},{"text":"the","start":12032.09,"end":12032.21},{"text":"purposes","start":12032.21,"end":12032.97},{"text":"of","start":12032.97,"end":12033.21},{"text":"the","start":12033.21,"end":12033.33},{"text":"UN","start":12033.33,"end":12033.69},{"text":"Charter","start":12033.69,"end":12034.25},{"text":"and","start":12034.57,"end":12034.85},{"text":"the","start":12034.85,"end":12034.93},{"text":"rules","start":12034.93,"end":12035.37},{"text":"of","start":12035.37,"end":12035.61},{"text":"international","start":12035.61,"end":12036.53},{"text":"law,","start":12036.53,"end":12036.61},{"text":"notably","start":12037.61,"end":12038.33},{"text":"UNCLOS.","start":12038.33,"end":12039.45}]},{"text":"Egypt was one of the first countries that ratified the UNCLOS in 1983.","start":12040.45,"end":12045.97,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"Egypt","start":12040.45,"end":12040.85},{"text":"was","start":12040.93,"end":12041.33},{"text":"one","start":12041.33,"end":12041.61},{"text":"of","start":12041.61,"end":12041.73},{"text":"the","start":12041.73,"end":12041.89},{"text":"first","start":12041.89,"end":12042.37},{"text":"countries","start":12042.37,"end":12042.97},{"text":"that","start":12042.97,"end":12043.13},{"text":"ratified","start":12043.13,"end":12043.57},{"text":"the","start":12043.57,"end":12043.65},{"text":"UNCLOS","start":12043.65,"end":12044.61},{"text":"in","start":12044.61,"end":12044.89},{"text":"1983.","start":12044.89,"end":12045.97}]},{"text":"Given that we have the responsibility to manage the Suez Canal, one of the most important strategic pathways in the world.","start":12048.05,"end":12056.93,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Given","start":12048.05,"end":12048.61},{"text":"that","start":12048.61,"end":12049.33},{"text":"we","start":12049.49,"end":12049.65},{"text":"have","start":12049.65,"end":12049.93},{"text":"the","start":12049.93,"end":12050.01},{"text":"responsibility","start":12050.01,"end":12051.01},{"text":"to","start":12051.01,"end":12051.17},{"text":"manage","start":12051.17,"end":12051.81},{"text":"the","start":12052.05,"end":12052.21},{"text":"Suez","start":12052.21,"end":12052.77},{"text":"Canal,","start":12052.77,"end":12053.33},{"text":"one","start":12053.49,"end":12053.81},{"text":"of","start":12053.81,"end":12053.97},{"text":"the","start":12053.97,"end":12054.09},{"text":"most","start":12054.13,"end":12054.41},{"text":"important","start":12054.41,"end":12055.13},{"text":"strategic","start":12055.13,"end":12055.69},{"text":"pathways","start":12055.69,"end":12056.25},{"text":"in","start":12056.25,"end":12056.33},{"text":"the","start":12056.33,"end":12056.45},{"text":"world.","start":12056.45,"end":12056.93}]},{"text":"Furthermore, emerging technology applications impose challenges and concerns linked to increasing threats to the security of navigation at the qualitative and quantitative levels, in addition to the fact that non-state parties are taking advantage of these applications to target the sovereignty of countries and the security of their peoples.","start":12057.65,"end":12088.25,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":12057.65,"end":12058.37},{"text":"emerging","start":12061.33,"end":12062.05},{"text":"technology","start":12062.05,"end":12063.01},{"text":"applications","start":12063.09,"end":12064.29},{"text":"impose","start":12066.41,"end":12067.21},{"text":"challenges","start":12067.45,"end":12068.33},{"text":"and","start":12068.33,"end":12068.65},{"text":"concerns","start":12068.65,"end":12069.45},{"text":"linked","start":12069.61,"end":12070.17},{"text":"to","start":12070.17,"end":12070.25},{"text":"increasing","start":12070.97,"end":12071.69},{"text":"threats","start":12071.69,"end":12072.33},{"text":"to","start":12072.73,"end":12072.85},{"text":"the","start":12072.89,"end":12073.05},{"text":"security","start":12073.05,"end":12073.65},{"text":"of","start":12073.65,"end":12073.85},{"text":"navigation","start":12073.85,"end":12074.81},{"text":"at","start":12075.13,"end":12075.41},{"text":"the","start":12075.41,"end":12075.53},{"text":"qualitative","start":12075.53,"end":12076.49},{"text":"and","start":12076.57,"end":12076.81},{"text":"quantitative","start":12076.81,"end":12077.53},{"text":"levels,","start":12077.53,"end":12078.09},{"text":"in","start":12078.33,"end":12078.45},{"text":"addition","start":12078.45,"end":12079.21},{"text":"to","start":12079.37,"end":12079.57},{"text":"the","start":12079.57,"end":12079.69},{"text":"fact","start":12079.69,"end":12080.13},{"text":"that","start":12080.13,"end":12080.33},{"text":"non-state","start":12080.33,"end":12080.97},{"text":"parties","start":12080.97,"end":12081.69},{"text":"are","start":12081.85,"end":12082.01},{"text":"taking","start":12082.01,"end":12082.33},{"text":"advantage","start":12082.33,"end":12082.97},{"text":"of","start":12082.97,"end":12083.05},{"text":"these","start":12083.05,"end":12083.29},{"text":"applications","start":12083.29,"end":12084.17},{"text":"to","start":12084.17,"end":12084.45},{"text":"target","start":12084.45,"end":12084.97},{"text":"the","start":12085.21,"end":12085.33},{"text":"sovereignty","start":12085.33,"end":12086.05},{"text":"of","start":12086.05,"end":12086.25},{"text":"countries","start":12086.25,"end":12086.73},{"text":"and","start":12086.73,"end":12086.89},{"text":"the","start":12086.89,"end":12086.97},{"text":"security","start":12086.97,"end":12087.37},{"text":"of","start":12087.37,"end":12087.45},{"text":"their","start":12087.45,"end":12087.61},{"text":"peoples.","start":12087.61,"end":12088.25}]},{"text":"This dangerous development should be dealt with decisively.","start":12088.73,"end":12092.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":12088.73,"end":12089.05},{"text":"dangerous","start":12089.05,"end":12089.53},{"text":"development","start":12089.53,"end":12090.21},{"text":"should","start":12090.21,"end":12090.41},{"text":"be","start":12090.41,"end":12090.57},{"text":"dealt","start":12090.57,"end":12090.93},{"text":"with","start":12090.93,"end":12091.13},{"text":"decisively.","start":12091.13,"end":12092.25}]},{"text":"In this regard, Egypt expresses its full solidarity and support to the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.","start":12093.05,"end":12103.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":12093.05,"end":12093.21},{"text":"this","start":12093.21,"end":12093.37},{"text":"regard,","start":12093.37,"end":12094.01},{"text":"Egypt","start":12094.61,"end":12095.09},{"text":"expresses","start":12095.33,"end":12096.37},{"text":"its","start":12096.69,"end":12097.01},{"text":"full","start":12097.01,"end":12097.41},{"text":"solidarity","start":12097.41,"end":12098.53},{"text":"and","start":12098.53,"end":12098.85},{"text":"support","start":12098.85,"end":12099.53},{"text":"to","start":12099.53,"end":12099.65},{"text":"the","start":12099.65,"end":12099.73},{"text":"sovereignty","start":12099.73,"end":12100.61},{"text":"of","start":12100.85,"end":12101.01},{"text":"the","start":12101.01,"end":12101.21},{"text":"Kingdom","start":12101.57,"end":12102.05},{"text":"of","start":12102.05,"end":12102.13},{"text":"Saudi","start":12102.13,"end":12102.57},{"text":"Arabia.","start":12102.57,"end":12103.17}]},{"text":"We condemn the attacks that targeted the strategic infrastructure, energy, and food supplies.","start":12103.33,"end":12113.17,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."},{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":12103.33,"end":12103.57},{"text":"condemn","start":12103.57,"end":12104.29},{"text":"the","start":12104.37,"end":12104.57},{"text":"attacks","start":12104.61,"end":12105.09},{"text":"that","start":12105.09,"end":12105.37},{"text":"targeted","start":12105.37,"end":12106.05},{"text":"the","start":12106.29,"end":12106.49},{"text":"strategic","start":12106.49,"end":12107.33},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":12107.65,"end":12108.69},{"text":"energy,","start":12111.09,"end":12111.73},{"text":"and","start":12111.73,"end":12111.97},{"text":"food","start":12111.97,"end":12112.41},{"text":"supplies.","start":12112.41,"end":12113.17}]},{"text":"and damage the security of maritime navigation in the waterways in the region.","start":12114.05,"end":12119.89,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":12114.05,"end":12114.17},{"text":"damage","start":12114.17,"end":12114.69},{"text":"the","start":12114.77,"end":12114.93},{"text":"security","start":12114.93,"end":12115.65},{"text":"of","start":12115.65,"end":12115.89},{"text":"maritime","start":12115.89,"end":12116.45},{"text":"navigation","start":12116.45,"end":12117.41},{"text":"in","start":12117.89,"end":12118.21},{"text":"the","start":12118.21,"end":12118.33},{"text":"waterways","start":12118.53,"end":12119.25},{"text":"in","start":12119.25,"end":12119.37},{"text":"the","start":12119.37,"end":12119.49},{"text":"region.","start":12119.49,"end":12119.89}]},{"text":"Madam President, Egypt believes in the following themes as principles that govern maritime security: First, the sanctity of the security and freedom of navigation in the international waterways, and we reject any measures or threats to navigation or those that jeopardize the safety of civilian vessels.","start":12120.13,"end":12144.81,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."},{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":12120.13,"end":12120.45},{"text":"President,","start":12120.45,"end":12121.09},{"text":"Egypt","start":12121.25,"end":12121.73},{"text":"believes","start":12121.81,"end":12122.49},{"text":"in","start":12123.01,"end":12123.33},{"text":"the","start":12123.33,"end":12123.45},{"text":"following","start":12123.45,"end":12124.05},{"text":"themes","start":12124.05,"end":12124.53},{"text":"as","start":12124.53,"end":12124.85},{"text":"principles","start":12124.85,"end":12125.57},{"text":"that","start":12125.57,"end":12125.81},{"text":"govern","start":12125.81,"end":12126.45},{"text":"maritime","start":12126.93,"end":12127.41},{"text":"security:","start":12127.41,"end":12128.13},{"text":"First,","start":12128.77,"end":12129.25},{"text":"the","start":12130.13,"end":12130.33},{"text":"sanctity","start":12130.33,"end":12131.17},{"text":"of","start":12131.33,"end":12131.49},{"text":"the","start":12131.49,"end":12131.61},{"text":"security","start":12131.61,"end":12132.17},{"text":"and","start":12132.17,"end":12132.29},{"text":"freedom","start":12132.29,"end":12132.73},{"text":"of","start":12132.73,"end":12132.85},{"text":"navigation","start":12132.85,"end":12133.57},{"text":"in","start":12133.57,"end":12133.69},{"text":"the","start":12133.69,"end":12133.77},{"text":"international","start":12133.77,"end":12134.81},{"text":"waterways,","start":12134.81,"end":12135.73},{"text":"and","start":12135.97,"end":12136.13},{"text":"we","start":12136.13,"end":12136.29},{"text":"reject","start":12136.29,"end":12136.85},{"text":"any","start":12136.85,"end":12137.17},{"text":"measures","start":12137.17,"end":12137.81},{"text":"or","start":12137.89,"end":12138.05},{"text":"threats","start":12138.05,"end":12138.69},{"text":"to","start":12138.69,"end":12138.77},{"text":"navigation","start":12139.53,"end":12140.49},{"text":"or","start":12140.89,"end":12141.13},{"text":"those","start":12141.13,"end":12141.45},{"text":"that","start":12141.45,"end":12141.61},{"text":"jeopardize","start":12141.61,"end":12142.37},{"text":"the","start":12142.37,"end":12142.49},{"text":"safety","start":12142.49,"end":12143.29},{"text":"of","start":12143.53,"end":12143.65},{"text":"civilian","start":12143.65,"end":12144.17},{"text":"vessels.","start":12144.17,"end":12144.81}]},{"text":"Second, the main responsibility for arrangements of waterways falls on the shoulder of littoral countries.","start":12145.37,"end":12154.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":12145.37,"end":12146.09},{"text":"the","start":12146.41,"end":12146.57},{"text":"main","start":12146.57,"end":12147.05},{"text":"responsibility","start":12147.13,"end":12148.49},{"text":"for","start":12148.81,"end":12149.45},{"text":"arrangements","start":12149.45,"end":12150.25},{"text":"of","start":12150.57,"end":12150.81},{"text":"waterways","start":12150.81,"end":12151.69},{"text":"falls","start":12152.09,"end":12152.65},{"text":"on","start":12152.65,"end":12152.77},{"text":"the","start":12152.77,"end":12152.89},{"text":"shoulder","start":12152.89,"end":12153.45},{"text":"of","start":12153.45,"end":12153.77},{"text":"littoral","start":12153.77,"end":12154.41},{"text":"countries.","start":12154.41,"end":12154.97}]},{"text":"Pursuant to international law, we reject any arrangements that run counter to their sovereignty or the participation of non-state parties in their management.","start":12154.97,"end":12166.25,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"Pursuant","start":12154.97,"end":12155.41},{"text":"to","start":12155.41,"end":12155.49},{"text":"international","start":12155.49,"end":12156.17},{"text":"law,","start":12156.17,"end":12156.33},{"text":"we","start":12156.33,"end":12156.49},{"text":"reject","start":12156.49,"end":12157.05},{"text":"any","start":12157.13,"end":12157.53},{"text":"arrangements","start":12157.85,"end":12158.65},{"text":"that","start":12158.65,"end":12158.89},{"text":"run","start":12158.89,"end":12159.05},{"text":"counter","start":12159.05,"end":12159.57},{"text":"to","start":12159.57,"end":12159.69},{"text":"their","start":12159.69,"end":12160.09},{"text":"sovereignty","start":12160.17,"end":12161.13},{"text":"or","start":12161.61,"end":12162.01},{"text":"the","start":12162.01,"end":12162.29},{"text":"participation","start":12162.29,"end":12163.29},{"text":"of","start":12163.29,"end":12163.53},{"text":"non-state","start":12163.53,"end":12164.25},{"text":"parties","start":12164.25,"end":12164.89},{"text":"in","start":12165.05,"end":12165.25},{"text":"their","start":12165.25,"end":12165.45},{"text":"management.","start":12165.45,"end":12166.25}]},{"text":"Third, The peaceful nature of these waterways must be protected.","start":12166.89,"end":12172.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":12166.89,"end":12167.45},{"text":"The","start":12168.37,"end":12168.41},{"text":"peaceful","start":12168.93,"end":12169.49},{"text":"nature","start":12169.49,"end":12169.97},{"text":"of","start":12169.97,"end":12170.21},{"text":"these","start":12170.21,"end":12170.45},{"text":"waterways","start":12170.45,"end":12171.25},{"text":"must","start":12171.25,"end":12171.69},{"text":"be","start":12171.73,"end":12171.89},{"text":"protected.","start":12171.89,"end":12172.77}]},{"text":"We must avoid any militarization or internationalization of these waterways.","start":12172.93,"end":12179.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":12172.93,"end":12173.17},{"text":"must","start":12173.17,"end":12173.65},{"text":"avoid","start":12173.65,"end":12174.29},{"text":"any","start":12174.53,"end":12174.85},{"text":"militarization","start":12174.85,"end":12176.29},{"text":"or","start":12176.29,"end":12176.61},{"text":"internationalization","start":12176.61,"end":12177.97},{"text":"of","start":12177.97,"end":12178.13},{"text":"these","start":12178.13,"end":12178.45},{"text":"waterways.","start":12178.45,"end":12179.25}]},{"text":"Non-state parties should not acquire any weapons or benefit from technological applications that could threaten the sovereignty of countries or the security of navigation.","start":12179.57,"end":12190.77,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"Non-state","start":12179.57,"end":12180.29},{"text":"parties","start":12180.29,"end":12180.93},{"text":"should","start":12181.09,"end":12181.41},{"text":"not","start":12181.41,"end":12181.73},{"text":"acquire","start":12181.73,"end":12182.37},{"text":"any","start":12182.37,"end":12182.77},{"text":"weapons","start":12182.77,"end":12183.49},{"text":"or","start":12183.65,"end":12183.89},{"text":"benefit","start":12183.89,"end":12184.53},{"text":"from","start":12184.53,"end":12184.77},{"text":"technological","start":12184.77,"end":12185.57},{"text":"applications","start":12185.57,"end":12186.45},{"text":"that","start":12186.45,"end":12186.61},{"text":"could","start":12186.61,"end":12186.77},{"text":"threaten","start":12186.77,"end":12187.25},{"text":"the","start":12187.25,"end":12187.41},{"text":"sovereignty","start":12187.41,"end":12188.05},{"text":"of","start":12188.05,"end":12188.13},{"text":"countries","start":12188.13,"end":12188.77},{"text":"or","start":12188.93,"end":12189.17},{"text":"the","start":12189.17,"end":12189.41},{"text":"security","start":12189.41,"end":12189.97},{"text":"of","start":12189.97,"end":12190.09},{"text":"navigation.","start":12190.09,"end":12190.77}]},{"text":"In conclusion, Egypt remains a reliable partner in strengthening the security of international navigation because we believe that addressing the root causes of tension tensions, strengthening the respect of international law, abiding by the UN Charter, including by preventing the access of non-state parties to weapons or AI applications in the military domain.","start":12190.77,"end":12215.21,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":12190.77,"end":12190.89},{"text":"conclusion,","start":12190.89,"end":12191.73},{"text":"Egypt","start":12192.49,"end":12192.97},{"text":"remains","start":12192.97,"end":12193.61},{"text":"a","start":12193.77,"end":12193.81},{"text":"reliable","start":12193.81,"end":12194.49},{"text":"partner","start":12194.49,"end":12194.97},{"text":"in","start":12194.97,"end":12195.13},{"text":"strengthening","start":12195.13,"end":12196.09},{"text":"the","start":12196.25,"end":12196.37},{"text":"security","start":12196.37,"end":12197.05},{"text":"of","start":12197.05,"end":12197.21},{"text":"international","start":12197.21,"end":12197.85},{"text":"navigation","start":12197.85,"end":12198.65},{"text":"because","start":12198.65,"end":12199.09},{"text":"we","start":12199.09,"end":12199.21},{"text":"believe","start":12199.21,"end":12199.73},{"text":"that","start":12199.73,"end":12200.01},{"text":"addressing","start":12200.01,"end":12200.49},{"text":"the","start":12200.49,"end":12200.61},{"text":"root","start":12200.61,"end":12200.89},{"text":"causes","start":12200.89,"end":12201.29},{"text":"of","start":12201.29,"end":12201.37},{"text":"tension","start":12201.37,"end":12202.01},{"text":"tensions,","start":12202.65,"end":12203.09},{"text":"strengthening","start":12203.09,"end":12203.85},{"text":"the","start":12204.09,"end":12204.25},{"text":"respect","start":12204.25,"end":12204.73},{"text":"of","start":12204.73,"end":12204.81},{"text":"international","start":12204.81,"end":12205.57},{"text":"law,","start":12205.57,"end":12205.77},{"text":"abiding","start":12205.77,"end":12206.41},{"text":"by","start":12206.49,"end":12206.73},{"text":"the","start":12206.73,"end":12206.81},{"text":"UN","start":12206.81,"end":12207.13},{"text":"Charter,","start":12207.13,"end":12207.61},{"text":"including","start":12207.61,"end":12208.33},{"text":"by","start":12208.33,"end":12208.57},{"text":"preventing","start":12208.57,"end":12209.29},{"text":"the","start":12209.29,"end":12209.41},{"text":"access","start":12209.41,"end":12209.93},{"text":"of","start":12209.93,"end":12210.09},{"text":"non-state","start":12210.09,"end":12210.69},{"text":"parties","start":12210.69,"end":12211.21},{"text":"to","start":12211.21,"end":12211.33},{"text":"weapons","start":12211.33,"end":12211.93},{"text":"or","start":12212.09,"end":12212.33},{"text":"AI","start":12212.49,"end":12212.81},{"text":"applications","start":12212.81,"end":12213.77},{"text":"in","start":12213.77,"end":12213.93},{"text":"the","start":12213.93,"end":12214.05},{"text":"military","start":12214.09,"end":12214.65},{"text":"domain.","start":12214.65,"end":12215.21}]},{"text":"These are all important determinants to create a stable environment to guarantee the freedom of navigation and the sustainability of the lifelines of global trade.","start":12215.37,"end":12225.21,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":12215.37,"end":12215.69},{"text":"are","start":12215.69,"end":12215.85},{"text":"all","start":12215.85,"end":12216.33},{"text":"important","start":12216.57,"end":12217.21},{"text":"determinants","start":12217.21,"end":12217.93},{"text":"to","start":12217.93,"end":12218.09},{"text":"create","start":12218.09,"end":12218.65},{"text":"a","start":12218.65,"end":12218.69},{"text":"stable","start":12218.69,"end":12219.21},{"text":"environment","start":12219.21,"end":12219.89},{"text":"to","start":12219.89,"end":12219.97},{"text":"guarantee","start":12220.01,"end":12220.57},{"text":"the","start":12220.57,"end":12220.69},{"text":"freedom","start":12220.69,"end":12221.09},{"text":"of","start":12221.09,"end":12221.21},{"text":"navigation","start":12221.21,"end":12221.93},{"text":"and","start":12221.93,"end":12222.05},{"text":"the","start":12222.09,"end":12222.17},{"text":"sustainability","start":12222.17,"end":12223.05},{"text":"of","start":12223.37,"end":12223.53},{"text":"the","start":12223.53,"end":12223.61},{"text":"lifelines","start":12223.61,"end":12224.17},{"text":"of","start":12224.25,"end":12224.49},{"text":"global","start":12224.49,"end":12224.89},{"text":"trade.","start":12224.89,"end":12225.21}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":12225.21,"end":12225.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":12225.21,"end":12225.29},{"text":"thank","start":12225.29,"end":12225.53},{"text":"you.","start":12225.53,"end":12225.65}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"EGY","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Egypt"}},{"statement_number":62,"start":12226.53,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=3:23:47","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Egypt for the statement.","start":12226.53,"end":12229.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":12226.53,"end":12226.69},{"text":"thank","start":12226.69,"end":12226.93},{"text":"the","start":12226.93,"end":12227.01},{"text":"representative","start":12227.01,"end":12228.29},{"text":"of","start":12228.29,"end":12228.37},{"text":"Egypt","start":12228.37,"end":12228.85},{"text":"for","start":12228.85,"end":12229.13},{"text":"the","start":12229.13,"end":12229.25},{"text":"statement.","start":12229.25,"end":12229.93}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the representative of Israel.","start":12229.93,"end":12233.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":12229.93,"end":12229.97},{"text":"now","start":12229.97,"end":12230.37},{"text":"give","start":12230.37,"end":12230.69},{"text":"the","start":12230.69,"end":12230.77},{"text":"floor","start":12230.77,"end":12231.17},{"text":"to","start":12231.17,"end":12231.33},{"text":"the","start":12231.33,"end":12231.41},{"text":"representative","start":12231.41,"end":12232.53},{"text":"of","start":12232.53,"end":12232.61},{"text":"Israel.","start":12232.61,"end":12233.09}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GRC","group":null,"function":"President of the Security Council","affiliation_full":"Greece"}},{"statement_number":63,"start":12236.85,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=3:23:57","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Madam President, I'd like to thank GRIS for convening this debate and for its leadership in advancing maritime security.","start":12236.85,"end":12244.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":12236.85,"end":12237.17},{"text":"President,","start":12237.17,"end":12237.89},{"text":"I'd","start":12238.53,"end":12238.73},{"text":"like","start":12238.73,"end":12239.01},{"text":"to","start":12239.01,"end":12239.09},{"text":"thank","start":12239.09,"end":12239.37},{"text":"GRIS","start":12239.37,"end":12239.65},{"text":"for","start":12239.65,"end":12239.81},{"text":"convening","start":12239.81,"end":12240.37},{"text":"this","start":12240.37,"end":12240.53},{"text":"debate","start":12240.53,"end":12241.09},{"text":"and","start":12241.37,"end":12241.53},{"text":"for","start":12241.53,"end":12241.69},{"text":"its","start":12241.69,"end":12241.89},{"text":"leadership","start":12241.89,"end":12242.61},{"text":"in","start":12242.69,"end":12242.81},{"text":"advancing","start":12242.81,"end":12243.41},{"text":"maritime","start":12243.41,"end":12243.97},{"text":"security.","start":12243.97,"end":12244.61}]},{"text":"Secure sea lanes are essential to global stability.","start":12245.81,"end":12248.93,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Secure","start":12245.81,"end":12246.29},{"text":"sea","start":12246.29,"end":12246.53},{"text":"lanes","start":12246.53,"end":12246.93},{"text":"are","start":12246.93,"end":12247.09},{"text":"essential","start":12247.09,"end":12247.73},{"text":"to","start":12247.73,"end":12247.85},{"text":"global","start":12247.85,"end":12248.21},{"text":"stability.","start":12248.21,"end":12248.93}]},{"text":"Threats to shipping jeopardize freedom of navigation, global supply chains, and energy and food security far beyond the water where attacks occur.","start":12249.85,"end":12259.37,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."},{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Threats","start":12249.85,"end":12250.17},{"text":"to","start":12250.17,"end":12250.29},{"text":"shipping","start":12250.29,"end":12250.81},{"text":"jeopardize","start":12250.89,"end":12251.53},{"text":"freedom","start":12251.53,"end":12251.81},{"text":"of","start":12251.81,"end":12251.93},{"text":"navigation,","start":12251.93,"end":12252.73},{"text":"global","start":12253.05,"end":12253.37},{"text":"supply","start":12253.37,"end":12253.85},{"text":"chains,","start":12253.85,"end":12254.33},{"text":"and","start":12254.49,"end":12254.69},{"text":"energy","start":12254.69,"end":12255.01},{"text":"and","start":12255.01,"end":12255.13},{"text":"food","start":12255.13,"end":12255.37},{"text":"security","start":12255.37,"end":12256.01},{"text":"far","start":12256.33,"end":12256.73},{"text":"beyond","start":12256.73,"end":12257.17},{"text":"the","start":12257.17,"end":12257.29},{"text":"water","start":12257.29,"end":12257.85},{"text":"where","start":12258.05,"end":12258.29},{"text":"attacks","start":12258.29,"end":12258.85},{"text":"occur.","start":12258.85,"end":12259.37}]},{"text":"The growing use of emerging technologies in maritime terrorism and their potential proliferation to criminal groups poses an acute threat to vessels and their crews and international security.","start":12260.33,"end":12271.93,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."},{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."},{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":12260.33,"end":12260.45},{"text":"growing","start":12260.45,"end":12260.81},{"text":"use","start":12260.81,"end":12261.09},{"text":"of","start":12261.09,"end":12261.21},{"text":"emerging","start":12261.21,"end":12261.61},{"text":"technologies","start":12261.61,"end":12262.29},{"text":"in","start":12262.29,"end":12262.41},{"text":"maritime","start":12262.41,"end":12262.89},{"text":"terrorism","start":12262.89,"end":12263.61},{"text":"and","start":12263.89,"end":12264.01},{"text":"their","start":12264.01,"end":12264.17},{"text":"potential","start":12264.17,"end":12264.69},{"text":"proliferation","start":12264.69,"end":12265.53},{"text":"to","start":12265.53,"end":12265.61},{"text":"criminal","start":12265.61,"end":12266.09},{"text":"groups","start":12266.09,"end":12266.65},{"text":"poses","start":12267.21,"end":12267.69},{"text":"an","start":12267.69,"end":12267.77},{"text":"acute","start":12267.77,"end":12268.17},{"text":"threat","start":12268.17,"end":12268.53},{"text":"to","start":12268.53,"end":12268.61},{"text":"vessels","start":12268.65,"end":12269.21},{"text":"and","start":12269.21,"end":12269.33},{"text":"their","start":12269.33,"end":12269.45},{"text":"crews","start":12269.45,"end":12270.01},{"text":"and","start":12270.33,"end":12270.57},{"text":"international","start":12270.57,"end":12271.29},{"text":"security.","start":12271.29,"end":12271.93}]},{"text":"Iran exemplifies this growing threat to maritime security, both through its own actions and its support for armed proxies.","start":12273.13,"end":12281.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Iran","start":12273.13,"end":12273.57},{"text":"exemplifies","start":12273.57,"end":12274.45},{"text":"this","start":12274.45,"end":12274.69},{"text":"growing","start":12274.69,"end":12275.01},{"text":"threat","start":12275.01,"end":12275.37},{"text":"to","start":12275.37,"end":12275.45},{"text":"maritime","start":12275.45,"end":12275.89},{"text":"security,","start":12275.89,"end":12276.61},{"text":"both","start":12276.93,"end":12277.29},{"text":"through","start":12277.29,"end":12277.53},{"text":"its","start":12277.53,"end":12277.69},{"text":"own","start":12277.69,"end":12277.89},{"text":"actions","start":12277.89,"end":12278.61},{"text":"and","start":12278.77,"end":12278.93},{"text":"its","start":12278.93,"end":12279.05},{"text":"support","start":12279.05,"end":12279.65},{"text":"for","start":12279.65,"end":12279.89},{"text":"armed","start":12279.89,"end":12280.21},{"text":"proxies.","start":12280.21,"end":12281.01}]},{"text":"Iran's threats to navigation and the laying of mines in the Strait of Hormuz, alongside Houthi attacks in the Red Sea and Bab el-Mandeb, endanger vital trade routes and undermine freedom of navigation.","start":12281.89,"end":12294.13,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."},{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."},{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Iran's","start":12281.89,"end":12282.33},{"text":"threats","start":12282.33,"end":12282.69},{"text":"to","start":12282.69,"end":12282.85},{"text":"navigation","start":12282.85,"end":12283.73},{"text":"and","start":12284.01,"end":12284.13},{"text":"the","start":12284.13,"end":12284.21},{"text":"laying","start":12284.21,"end":12284.53},{"text":"of","start":12284.53,"end":12284.69},{"text":"mines","start":12284.69,"end":12285.01},{"text":"in","start":12285.01,"end":12285.09},{"text":"the","start":12285.09,"end":12285.17},{"text":"Strait","start":12285.17,"end":12285.45},{"text":"of","start":12285.45,"end":12285.57},{"text":"Hormuz,","start":12285.57,"end":12286.21},{"text":"alongside","start":12286.45,"end":12287.09},{"text":"Houthi","start":12287.09,"end":12287.49},{"text":"attacks","start":12287.49,"end":12287.93},{"text":"in","start":12287.93,"end":12288.05},{"text":"the","start":12288.05,"end":12288.13},{"text":"Red","start":12288.13,"end":12288.33},{"text":"Sea","start":12288.33,"end":12288.57},{"text":"and","start":12288.57,"end":12288.69},{"text":"Bab","start":12288.69,"end":12288.85},{"text":"el-Mandeb,","start":12288.85,"end":12289.49},{"text":"endanger","start":12290.01,"end":12290.61},{"text":"vital","start":12290.61,"end":12291.01},{"text":"trade","start":12291.01,"end":12291.33},{"text":"routes","start":12291.33,"end":12291.73},{"text":"and","start":12291.97,"end":12292.21},{"text":"undermine","start":12292.21,"end":12292.77},{"text":"freedom","start":12292.77,"end":12293.25},{"text":"of","start":12293.25,"end":12293.41},{"text":"navigation.","start":12293.41,"end":12294.13}]},{"text":"Iran's continued supply of advanced weapons to these groups violates UN Security Council arms embargoes, including those established under Resolution 2140 and 2216, as well as the prohibition of Iranian arms exports reinstated under Resolution 1747.","start":12295.53,"end":12313.77,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."}],"words":[{"text":"Iran's","start":12295.53,"end":12295.93},{"text":"continued","start":12295.93,"end":12296.41},{"text":"supply","start":12296.41,"end":12296.89},{"text":"of","start":12296.93,"end":12297.05},{"text":"advanced","start":12297.05,"end":12297.45},{"text":"weapons","start":12297.45,"end":12297.89},{"text":"to","start":12297.89,"end":12298.01},{"text":"these","start":12298.01,"end":12298.33},{"text":"groups","start":12298.33,"end":12298.81},{"text":"violates","start":12298.89,"end":12299.41},{"text":"UN","start":12299.41,"end":12299.61},{"text":"Security","start":12299.61,"end":12300.17},{"text":"Council","start":12300.17,"end":12300.65},{"text":"arms","start":12300.65,"end":12301.01},{"text":"embargoes,","start":12301.01,"end":12301.69},{"text":"including","start":12302.01,"end":12302.49},{"text":"those","start":12302.49,"end":12302.85},{"text":"established","start":12302.85,"end":12303.41},{"text":"under","start":12303.41,"end":12303.69},{"text":"Resolution","start":12303.69,"end":12304.25},{"text":"2140","start":12304.25,"end":12305.17},{"text":"and","start":12305.17,"end":12305.33},{"text":"2216,","start":12305.33,"end":12306.41},{"text":"as","start":12306.81,"end":12306.97},{"text":"well","start":12306.97,"end":12307.25},{"text":"as","start":12307.25,"end":12307.33},{"text":"the","start":12307.33,"end":12307.45},{"text":"prohibition","start":12307.45,"end":12308.33},{"text":"of","start":12308.61,"end":12308.73},{"text":"Iranian","start":12308.73,"end":12309.29},{"text":"arms","start":12309.29,"end":12309.77},{"text":"exports","start":12309.77,"end":12310.41},{"text":"reinstated","start":12310.49,"end":12311.37},{"text":"under","start":12311.45,"end":12311.77},{"text":"Resolution","start":12311.77,"end":12312.41},{"text":"1747.","start":12312.41,"end":12313.77}]},{"text":"Madam President, this nexus between rogue states and terrorist organizations is dangerous and systematic.","start":12314.97,"end":12321.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":12314.97,"end":12315.29},{"text":"President,","start":12315.29,"end":12315.93},{"text":"this","start":12316.73,"end":12316.97},{"text":"nexus","start":12316.97,"end":12317.37},{"text":"between","start":12317.37,"end":12317.85},{"text":"rogue","start":12317.85,"end":12318.09},{"text":"states","start":12318.09,"end":12318.49},{"text":"and","start":12318.49,"end":12318.65},{"text":"terrorist","start":12318.65,"end":12319.01},{"text":"organizations","start":12319.01,"end":12319.93},{"text":"is","start":12319.93,"end":12320.09},{"text":"dangerous","start":12320.09,"end":12320.69},{"text":"and","start":12320.69,"end":12320.81},{"text":"systematic.","start":12320.81,"end":12321.61}]},{"text":"Precision-guided missiles, armed drones, Unmanned surface vessels and cyber capabilities provided by Iran to its terror proxies enable the disruption of global commerce and threaten maritime security at critical choke points.","start":12322.13,"end":12337.85,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."},{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."},{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Precision-guided","start":12322.13,"end":12323.05},{"text":"missiles,","start":12323.05,"end":12323.69},{"text":"armed","start":12323.69,"end":12324.13},{"text":"drones,","start":12324.13,"end":12324.65},{"text":"Unmanned","start":12325.09,"end":12325.57},{"text":"surface","start":12325.57,"end":12326.17},{"text":"vessels","start":12326.17,"end":12326.89},{"text":"and","start":12326.97,"end":12327.13},{"text":"cyber","start":12327.13,"end":12327.53},{"text":"capabilities","start":12327.53,"end":12328.41},{"text":"provided","start":12328.65,"end":12329.21},{"text":"by","start":12329.21,"end":12329.33},{"text":"Iran","start":12329.33,"end":12329.77},{"text":"to","start":12329.77,"end":12329.85},{"text":"its","start":12329.89,"end":12330.05},{"text":"terror","start":12330.05,"end":12330.33},{"text":"proxies","start":12330.33,"end":12330.97},{"text":"enable","start":12331.33,"end":12331.85},{"text":"the","start":12331.85,"end":12331.97},{"text":"disruption","start":12331.97,"end":12332.61},{"text":"of","start":12332.61,"end":12332.73},{"text":"global","start":12332.73,"end":12333.13},{"text":"commerce","start":12333.13,"end":12333.69},{"text":"and","start":12334.05,"end":12334.21},{"text":"threaten","start":12334.21,"end":12334.73},{"text":"maritime","start":12334.73,"end":12335.21},{"text":"security","start":12335.21,"end":12335.93},{"text":"at","start":12336.21,"end":12336.33},{"text":"critical","start":12336.33,"end":12336.97},{"text":"choke","start":12337.05,"end":12337.37},{"text":"points.","start":12337.37,"end":12337.85}]},{"text":"Alongside piracy originating from the Horn of Africa, these threats undermine the route connecting Asia, the Middle East, and Europe, including the Mediterranean.","start":12338.73,"end":12348.41,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. 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Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"Alongside","start":12338.73,"end":12339.37},{"text":"piracy","start":12339.37,"end":12340.09},{"text":"originating","start":12340.09,"end":12340.81},{"text":"from","start":12340.81,"end":12340.97},{"text":"the","start":12340.97,"end":12341.09},{"text":"Horn","start":12341.09,"end":12341.29},{"text":"of","start":12341.37,"end":12341.45},{"text":"Africa,","start":12341.45,"end":12342.01},{"text":"these","start":12342.41,"end":12342.69},{"text":"threats","start":12342.69,"end":12343.13},{"text":"undermine","start":12343.13,"end":12343.69},{"text":"the","start":12343.69,"end":12343.85},{"text":"route","start":12343.85,"end":12344.17},{"text":"connecting","start":12344.33,"end":12344.89},{"text":"Asia,","start":12344.89,"end":12345.37},{"text":"the","start":12345.37,"end":12345.53},{"text":"Middle","start":12345.53,"end":12345.85},{"text":"East,","start":12345.85,"end":12346.05},{"text":"and","start":12346.05,"end":12346.17},{"text":"Europe,","start":12346.17,"end":12346.65},{"text":"including","start":12346.97,"end":12347.45},{"text":"the","start":12347.45,"end":12347.53},{"text":"Mediterranean.","start":12347.53,"end":12348.41}]},{"text":"They endanger seafarers, disrupt supply chains, and expose coastal communities and marine ecosystem to grave risks.","start":12349.33,"end":12356.53,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."},{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":12349.33,"end":12349.41},{"text":"endanger","start":12349.41,"end":12349.97},{"text":"seafarers,","start":12349.97,"end":12350.77},{"text":"disrupt","start":12350.77,"end":12351.25},{"text":"supply","start":12351.25,"end":12351.73},{"text":"chains,","start":12351.73,"end":12352.17},{"text":"and","start":12352.17,"end":12352.33},{"text":"expose","start":12352.33,"end":12352.85},{"text":"coastal","start":12352.85,"end":12353.25},{"text":"communities","start":12353.25,"end":12354.05},{"text":"and","start":12354.05,"end":12354.21},{"text":"marine","start":12354.21,"end":12354.61},{"text":"ecosystem","start":12354.61,"end":12355.41},{"text":"to","start":12355.57,"end":12355.69},{"text":"grave","start":12355.69,"end":12356.05},{"text":"risks.","start":12356.05,"end":12356.53}]},{"text":"The Security Council must address not only the perpetrators, but also the networks supplying the weapons, financing, and expertise.","start":12357.81,"end":12365.73,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. 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Council must also reaffirm its commitment under Resolution 1540 to preventing non-state actors from acquiring weapons of mass destruction and their means of 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President, emerging technologies can amplify these dangers.","start":12389.77,"end":12394.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":12389.77,"end":12390.09},{"text":"President,","start":12390.09,"end":12390.73},{"text":"emerging","start":12391.37,"end":12391.85},{"text":"technologies","start":12391.85,"end":12392.65},{"text":"can","start":12392.65,"end":12392.89},{"text":"amplify","start":12392.89,"end":12393.45},{"text":"these","start":12393.45,"end":12393.69},{"text":"dangers.","start":12393.69,"end":12394.33}]},{"text":"On the other hand, they can also strengthen our collective ability to prevent 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They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"Israel's","start":12442.17,"end":12442.65},{"text":"close","start":12442.65,"end":12442.97},{"text":"cooperation","start":12442.97,"end":12443.93},{"text":"with","start":12443.93,"end":12444.17},{"text":"Greece","start":12444.21,"end":12444.49},{"text":"and","start":12444.49,"end":12444.61},{"text":"Cyprus","start":12444.61,"end":12445.21},{"text":"within","start":12445.21,"end":12445.49},{"text":"the","start":12445.49,"end":12445.57},{"text":"International","start":12445.57,"end":12446.17},{"text":"Maritime","start":12446.17,"end":12446.69},{"text":"Organization","start":12446.69,"end":12447.53},{"text":"and","start":12447.53,"end":12447.65},{"text":"other","start":12447.65,"end":12447.85},{"text":"maritime","start":12447.85,"end":12448.33},{"text":"bodies","start":12448.33,"end":12448.81},{"text":"demonstrates","start":12449.37,"end":12450.13},{"text":"how","start":12450.33,"end":12450.57},{"text":"shared","start":12450.57,"end":12450.97},{"text":"interest","start":12450.97,"end":12451.45},{"text":"can","start":12451.45,"end":12451.61},{"text":"translate","start":12451.61,"end":12452.25},{"text":"in","start":12452.25,"end":12452.41},{"text":"practical","start":12452.49,"end":12453.13},{"text":"coordination","start":12453.13,"end":12454.09},{"text":"and","start":12454.09,"end":12454.21},{"text":"mutual","start":12454.21,"end":12454.65},{"text":"support.","start":12454.65,"end":12455.29}]},{"text":"The Mediterranean connects our peoples, economies, and shared future.","start":12456.33,"end":12460.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":12456.33,"end":12456.41},{"text":"Mediterranean","start":12456.41,"end":12457.29},{"text":"connects","start":12457.29,"end":12457.77},{"text":"our","start":12457.77,"end":12457.85},{"text":"peoples,","start":12457.85,"end":12458.49},{"text":"economies,","start":12458.49,"end":12459.05},{"text":"and","start":12459.05,"end":12459.17},{"text":"shared","start":12459.17,"end":12459.41},{"text":"future.","start":12459.41,"end":12460.01}]},{"text":"Together, we must safeguard shipping and seafarers, strengthen research and rescue, and protect the marine environment.","start":12460.53,"end":12468.13,"topics":[{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."}],"words":[{"text":"Together,","start":12460.53,"end":12461.09},{"text":"we","start":12461.17,"end":12461.41},{"text":"must","start":12461.41,"end":12461.69},{"text":"safeguard","start":12461.69,"end":12462.29},{"text":"shipping","start":12462.29,"end":12462.77},{"text":"and","start":12462.77,"end":12462.93},{"text":"seafarers,","start":12462.93,"end":12463.73},{"text":"strengthen","start":12463.97,"end":12464.61},{"text":"research","start":12464.61,"end":12465.05},{"text":"and","start":12465.05,"end":12465.17},{"text":"rescue,","start":12465.17,"end":12465.81},{"text":"and","start":12466.09,"end":12466.29},{"text":"protect","start":12466.29,"end":12466.77},{"text":"the","start":12466.77,"end":12466.89},{"text":"marine","start":12466.89,"end":12467.21},{"text":"environment.","start":12467.21,"end":12468.13}]},{"text":"Israel stands ready to contribute its expertise and innovation to our shared goal: open and secure maritime routes and stronger regional stability.","start":12469.33,"end":12479.33,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"Israel","start":12469.33,"end":12469.81},{"text":"stands","start":12469.81,"end":12470.13},{"text":"ready","start":12470.13,"end":12470.41},{"text":"to","start":12470.41,"end":12470.81},{"text":"contribute","start":12471.01,"end":12471.65},{"text":"its","start":12471.65,"end":12471.89},{"text":"expertise","start":12471.89,"end":12472.65},{"text":"and","start":12472.65,"end":12472.77},{"text":"innovation","start":12472.77,"end":12473.49},{"text":"to","start":12473.49,"end":12473.61},{"text":"our","start":12473.61,"end":12473.81},{"text":"shared","start":12473.81,"end":12474.13},{"text":"goal:","start":12474.13,"end":12474.53},{"text":"open","start":12475.09,"end":12475.57},{"text":"and","start":12475.57,"end":12475.69},{"text":"secure","start":12475.69,"end":12476.13},{"text":"maritime","start":12476.13,"end":12476.69},{"text":"routes","start":12476.69,"end":12477.09},{"text":"and","start":12477.45,"end":12477.61},{"text":"stronger","start":12477.61,"end":12478.33},{"text":"regional","start":12478.33,"end":12478.69},{"text":"stability.","start":12478.69,"end":12479.33}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":12479.89,"end":12480.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":12479.89,"end":12480.05},{"text":"you.","start":12480.05,"end":12480.21}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"ISR","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Israel"}},{"statement_number":64,"start":12481.01,"pageUrl":"/en/sc/10256/2?t=3:28:02","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Israel for the statement.","start":12481.01,"end":12484.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":12481.01,"end":12481.17},{"text":"thank","start":12481.17,"end":12481.45},{"text":"the","start":12481.45,"end":12481.57},{"text":"representative","start":12481.57,"end":12482.61},{"text":"of","start":12482.61,"end":12482.69},{"text":"Israel","start":12482.69,"end":12483.17},{"text":"for","start":12483.17,"end":12483.41},{"text":"the","start":12483.41,"end":12483.53},{"text":"statement.","start":12483.53,"end":12484.37}]},{"text":"There are still a number of speakers remaining on my list for this meeting.","start":12485.17,"end":12489.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":12485.17,"end":12485.37},{"text":"are","start":12485.37,"end":12485.49},{"text":"still","start":12485.49,"end":12485.81},{"text":"a","start":12485.81,"end":12485.85},{"text":"number","start":12485.85,"end":12486.25},{"text":"of","start":12486.25,"end":12486.33},{"text":"speakers","start":12486.33,"end":12486.93},{"text":"remaining","start":12486.93,"end":12487.65},{"text":"on","start":12487.65,"end":12487.77},{"text":"my","start":12487.77,"end":12487.97},{"text":"list","start":12487.97,"end":12488.29},{"text":"for","start":12488.29,"end":12488.45},{"text":"this","start":12488.45,"end":12488.69},{"text":"meeting.","start":12488.69,"end":12489.25}]},{"text":"I intend, with the concurrence of members of the Council, to suspend the meeting until 3:00 PM.","start":12489.77,"end":12495.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":12489.77,"end":12489.93},{"text":"intend,","start":12489.93,"end":12490.33},{"text":"with","start":12490.33,"end":12490.53},{"text":"the","start":12490.53,"end":12490.61},{"text":"concurrence","start":12490.61,"end":12491.37},{"text":"of","start":12491.37,"end":12491.45},{"text":"members","start":12491.45,"end":12491.93},{"text":"of","start":12491.93,"end":12492.09},{"text":"the","start":12492.09,"end":12492.17},{"text":"Council,","start":12492.17,"end":12492.73},{"text":"to","start":12492.73,"end":12492.93},{"text":"suspend","start":12492.93,"end":12493.45},{"text":"the","start":12493.45,"end":12493.53},{"text":"meeting","start":12493.53,"end":12494.09},{"text":"until","start":12494.09,"end":12494.57},{"text":"3:00","start":12494.89,"end":12494.93},{"text":"PM.","start":12494.93,"end":12495.53}]},{"text":"This meeting is suspended.","start":12496.97,"end":12498.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":12496.97,"end":12497.21},{"text":"meeting","start":12497.21,"end":12497.77},{"text":"is","start":12497.77,"end":12497.97},{"text":"suspended.","start":12497.97,"end":12498.73}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GRC","group":null,"function":"President of the Security Council","affiliation_full":"Greece"}}],"topics":[{"key":"ai-maritime-awareness","label":"AI and Maritime Domain Awareness","description":"Speakers discussed using artificial intelligence, satellite imagery, advanced sensors, and vessel tracking to detect suspicious activity, improve early warning, and support search and rescue. They emphasized turning surveillance data into timely, reliable operational decisions."},{"key":"maritime-cybersecurity","label":"Maritime Cybersecurity","description":"Increasingly connected ships, ports, and logistics systems face cyberattacks, data manipulation, and navigation-signal jamming or spoofing. Proposed responses included stronger cyber defences, technology testing, vulnerability reporting, and backup navigation and communications."},{"key":"maritime-law-navigation","label":"International Maritime Law and Freedom of Navigation","description":"Speakers emphasized UNCLOS, the UN Charter, and applicable international humanitarian law as foundations for maritime security and technological governance. Discussion addressed navigational rights, transit passage, sovereignty, and the obligation to uphold international law despite technological change or armed conflict."},{"key":"maritime-supply-security","label":"Maritime Trade, Food, and Energy Security","description":"Disruptions to shipping routes and strategic chokepoints threaten global supply chains and increase freight, insurance, energy, and food costs. Speakers highlighted the consequences for grain exports, fertilizer availability, economic stability, and vulnerable populations."},{"key":"autonomous-maritime-systems","label":"Autonomous Maritime Systems","description":"Autonomous ships, drones, and uncrewed surface and underwater vehicles offer surveillance and safety benefits but also enable attacks and increase risks of miscalculation. Speakers discussed IMO standards, meaningful human oversight, transparency, and clear accountability for their use."},{"key":"equitable-maritime-capacity","label":"Equitable Access and Maritime Capacity Building","description":"Developing countries and small island states need affordable access to maritime technologies, reliable data, trained personnel, and sustained technical support. Speakers emphasized technology transfer, national ownership, and inclusive standard-setting so that innovation strengthens capabilities rather than widening inequalities or dependence."},{"key":"illicit-maritime-activities","label":"Illicit Maritime Activities and Enforcement","description":"Discussion covered piracy, trafficking, illegal fishing, illicit cargo transfers, and deceptive vessel-identification practices. Speakers considered technology-enabled detection and coordinated enforcement, while expressing differing positions on sanctions and actions against so-called shadow fleets."},{"key":"civilian-shipping-protection","label":"Protection of Civilian Shipping and Seafarers","description":"Attacks on commercial vessels and ports, particularly in the Black Sea, Red Sea, and Strait of Hormuz, prompted calls to protect civilian crews and ensure safe passage. Speakers also stressed emergency assistance, incident communication, and measures to prevent maritime confrontations from escalating."},{"key":"maritime-security-cooperation","label":"International Maritime Security Cooperation","description":"Speakers called for stronger information sharing and operational coordination among states, regional organizations, industry, and technology providers. They also discussed common standards and the respective contributions of the IMO, the United Nations, and regional maritime mechanisms."},{"key":"undersea-infrastructure-protection","label":"Protection of Critical Undersea Infrastructure","description":"Submarine telecommunications cables, electricity connections, and pipelines were identified as essential infrastructure vulnerable to sabotage, accidental damage, and technological interference. Speakers proposed enhanced monitoring, protective measures, incident coordination, redundancy, and rapid repair arrangements."}]}}