Bosnia and Herzegovina - Security Council, 10258th meeting

The 10,257th meeting of the Security Council is called to order. The provisional agenda for this meeting is identical letters dated 19th January, 2016, from the permanent representative of Colombia to the United Nations, addressed to the Secretary General and the President of the Security Council, S/2016/53. The agenda is adopted. The Security Council will now begin its consideration of item 2 of the agenda. I wish to draw the attention of Council members to document S/26/759, the report of the Secretary-General of the United Nations Verification Mission in Colombia. Members of the Council have before them document S/2026/857, the text of a draft resolution submitted by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The Council is ready to proceed to the vote on the draft resolution before it. I shall put the draft resolution to the vote now. Will those in favour of the draft resolution contained in document S/2026/857 please raise their hand? The result of the voting is as follows: The draft resolution received 15 votes in favour. The draft resolution has been adopted unanimously as resolution 2833 of 2026. I now give the floor to those members of the Council who wish to make statements after the vote. I give the floor to the representative of the United Kingdom.

Thank you, Madam President. The United Kingdom welcomes today's adoption and was pleased to vote in favor. The United Kingdom remains committed to Colombia's to comprehensive implementation of Colombia's 2016 peace agreement across all chapters. It remains essential for lasting peace. Ten years after, a central lesson is clear. Protecting the gains of the agreement and addressing today's security challenges are not competing objectives. They are mutually reinforcing and are essential not only for Colombia's future, but also for stability and peace throughout the region. We welcome the commitment from the government of Colombia to rural reform and that this will now transfer to domestic institutions. As we heard in this chamber on 12 October from Foreign Minister Buhler, this includes commitments to formalise land ownership, infrastructure, and economic opportunities for rural communities. As we approach the 10th anniversary of the peace agreement, we should recognise the significant achievements that it has delivered. More than 11,000 former combatants remain demobilised and committed to the agreement, but challenges remain. Violence and evolving conflict dynamics continue to threaten communities, and illicit economies fuel violence. The peace agreement remains central to tackling the factors that sustain conflict. Implementation needs to go hand in hand with stronger state presence, territorial development, and effective security policies. We welcome the reflection of these priorities in today's resolution. We also remain clear about the value of the United Nations mission. As the circumstances in Colombia evolve, so should the mission. Its ability to provide credible verification and to maintain engagement in conflict-affected regions remains as important as ever. Today’s resolution renews that mission until 31 October 2027 and focuses its mandate on verifying implementation of security, demobilization, and reintegration. The United Kingdom's commitment to the Colombian people and to their lasting peace is steadfast. Thank you.

I thank the representative of the United Kingdom for the statement, and now give the floor to the representative of China.

President. The Security Council has just unanimously adopted a resolution renewing the mandate of the UN Verification Mission in Colombia for another year. China voted in favor of the resolution. This reflects the firm support by the Council and the international community for the peace process in Colombia, which China welcomes. In light of the resolution, I wish to stress three points. First, the peace process should continue to move forward, the resolution welcomes the progress in Colombia's peace process, while recognizing ongoing challenges, including violence and conflict, which requires joint efforts by all parties to address underlying issues of the conflict. China hopes that the government will unite all sectors of society, enhance inter-agency coordination, and implement measures to improve people's livelihoods and well-being. At the same time, it should strengthen security guarantees for vulnerable groups, ensure overall social security and stability, and maintain the momentum of the peace process. The international community should continue to provide support and assistance in this regard. Second, security and development should go hand in hand. The resolution reaffirms that the peace process is the independent choice and constitutional commitment of the Colombian people. and underscores the importance of strengthening state presence and territorial development in conflict-affected areas. China supports the Cambodian government in curbing conflict and violence, combating illicit economies in accordance with the law, and strengthening state presence in remote and conflict-affected areas. We hope the government will invest more resources in the development of remote and underdeveloped areas and promote sustainable peace through balanced and sustainable economic and social Third, the role of the Verification Mission should be fully leveraged. The resolution underscores the importance of strengthening the mission's presence in remote and conflict-affected areas and facilitating engagement between the government and all sectors of society. China commends the mission's long-standing commitment to the peace process and supports its continued effective mandate delivery, stronger communication with parties in Colombia, and the provision of targeted assistance. We hope the government will fully support the work of the mission. China stands ready to work with Colombia and the international community to further advance the Colombian-led and Colombian-owned peace process, and help the Colombian people achieve comprehensive peace, stability, and development. Thank you, President.

I thank the representative of China for the statement. I now give the floor to the representative of Pakistan.

Thank you very much, Madam President. We welcome the unanimous adoption of resolution 2833 and thank the United Kingdom for their diligent work on the UN Verification Mission’s mandate renewal resolution. We also recognize and value Verification Mission’s vital work in Colombia. Our positive vote today is reflective of our long-standing support to Colombia and its people in their efforts to overcome the trauma from the past and charting a Colombian-led and owned process of peacebuilding for the security, well-being, and prosperity of all Colombian people. We remain convinced that the 2016 Peace Accord agreed among the Colombian stakeholders can help deliver stability in Colombia. We fully defer to Colombia's preference to focus the mandate of the UN Verification Mission on the aspects of security and reintegration. We are confident that with the vast expertise at the disposal of the UN Verification Mission, it would positively contribute to these areas. Earlier this month, we heard Foreign Minister Omar Bullar reaffirming his government's commitment to implement the peace agreement and to ensure safety and security of all the Colombian people. We welcome this commitment and fully respect Colombia's sovereign choices in that regard. Pakistan remains committed to support Colombia in the pursuit of peace, and we stand in solidarity with Colombia and its people to support their spirited journey towards a stable and prosperous country and enduring peace. I thank you very much.

I thank the representative of Pakistan for the statement. I now give the floor to the representative of the Russian Federation.

Madam President, the Russian Federation voted in favour of the mandate renewal. resolution for UNVAC. This is in accordance with our unstinting position in support of the work of this SPM. It's important that under conditions of a change of government and a change in state policy priorities in Bogota, that there's still a commitment to the implementation of the final peace agreement and its international accompaniment. We'd like to underscore that, irrespective of the political course pursued by the Colombian authorities, we've unswervingly promoted the comprehensive implementation of the FPA, including provisions concerning the rural reform and transitional justice. They are of utmost importance for thousands who suffered as a result of the conflict and for the fate of ex-combatants who opted to lead civilian lives. We stand convinced that UNVAC's expertise on these issues with due regard for the broad-based presence of the UN in conflict-affected regions, would be useful not just for the Security Council, but for the authorities in Bogota as well. Therefore, removing the rural reform task from the mission’s mandate cannot but elicit our regret. We hope that, despite this, The Abelardo de la Espera government will establish effective communications and cooperation with UNVOC so as to ensure security guarantees and the reintegration of former insurgents, as well as to facilitate territorial development and to help strengthen the State presence in remote regions. I thank you.

I thank the representative of the Russian Federation for the statement and now give the floor to the representative of France.

Thank you, Madam President. Madam President, 10 years ago, a bilateral peace agreement was signed between the Colombian Government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, putting an end to decades of conflict. And that courageous decision taken by Colombia to commit to a demanding peace process received the unstinting support of this Council. That support still takes the form of the United Nations Verification Mission, whose presence on the ground is an asset for supporting the extension of the Colombian State's authority. The work of this mission is commendable and France will continue to support it. Madam President, there are still many challenges to the strengthening of peace and security in Colombia. We heard the Colombian Foreign Minister remind us of this in the Council at our last meeting, and France also expresses its concern over the increase in the activity of armed groups. Those groups are benefiting from drug trafficking and illegal gold extraction and are continuing to carry out reprisals against the civilian population, first and foremost children, whose recruitment and use by armed groups is continuing. We therefore understand the priority that the Colombian government wants to attach to security, but the peace agreement, in its comprehensive nature, addresses both economic and social issues, such as comprehensive rural reform, and issues linked to stopping the fighting and disarming the combatants. It is therefore an appropriate response to this challenge. It provides a roadmap to salve the wounds of a country that has suffered for decades, and to strengthen national reconciliation efforts carried out by successive Colombian governments over the last 10 years, and which should continue up until 2030. Madam President, France remains convinced that resolving conflicts and building peace are possible when there is a shared will by the parties and determined support from the international community. France will continue to work to this end with all of the members of this Council so that Colombians can live in peace and security. We welcome the unanimous adoption of our resolution, and we would like to thank the penholder for the efforts made to ensure this outcome. Thank you very much.

I thank the representative of France for the statement. I now give the floor to the representative of Liberia.

Thank you, Madam President. I have the honour to deliver this statement on behalf of the A3, namely the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Somalia, and my own country, Liberia. BA3 voted in favor of this resolution because preserving Colombia's peace gains requires sustained commitment from Colombians and from this Council. We welcome the extension of the United Nations Verification Mission until 31st October, 2027, with its focus on verification and monitoring of commitments under the 2016 final peace agreement, pertaining to resolution 2366 of 2017. The reincorporation of former combatants and the implementation of security guarantees remain essential to ensuring that choosing peace leads to a secure and viable future. The resolution recognizes both Colombia's progress and the serious challenges that persist. Continued violence in conflict-affected areas, including sexual and gender-based violence, demands sustained attention. Strengthening the state's presence must bring communities security, justice, public services, and opportunities. We reaffirm Colombia’s sovereign ownership of the peace process. We also underscore the importance of implementing the final comprehensive agreement, including rural reform and commitments to indigenous and Afro-Colombian communities. Women and young people must remain meaningful participants in shaping the peace. We support effective coordination across the United Nations system, with responsibilities carried out by the most appropriate entities. These arrangements should sustain coherent support to Colombia. The mission’s field presence remains particularly valuable for engagement with authorities and communities affected by conflict. Signing an agreement changes the promise of a country. Implementing it changes the lives of its people. Our vote today affirms D3's commitment to helping Colombia turn that promise into lasting peace. I thank you.

I thank the representative of Liberia for the statement and now give the floor to the representative of Bahrain.

Madam President, we would like to thank the UK for all of the efforts undertaken so as to craft the final version of the resolution. We welcome the adoption of 2833. We voted in favour of this draft resolution. This attests to the commitment of the international community with a view to supporting the peace process in Colombia, in particular the implementation of the 2016 bilateral peace agreement. Rooted in our principles, that is promoting and consolidating peace and security, the role of UNVAC is particularly important if we are to follow up on the implementation of the bilateral peace accord and to promote coordination with the relevant stakeholders. We reiterate the importance of continuing the role of UNVAC on the basis of close cooperation between the Colombian government, well, this in the coherent framework stressing national ownership by the Colombian government. We believe that the progress made recently a positive step. We should draw on this progress, continuing efforts to ensure there is investment in sustainable development. We reaffirm our support for the United Nations Verification Mission in Colombia. We stand convinced that it is important to continue international and UN efforts so as to support the implementation of the bilateral peace agreement and constructive cooperation with the Colombian Government so as to achieve lasting peace and to meet the aspirations of the Colombian people, the kindred people of Colombia, so as to build a prosperous future. I thank you.

I thank the representative of Bahrain for the statement. I now give the floor to the representative of Denmark.

Thank you, Madam President. Denmark voted in favor of this resolution and thanks the United Kingdom as penholder for their efforts to ensure a very timely adoption. Let me express Denmark's unwavering support for Colombia's final agreement to end the armed conflict and build a stable and lasting peace. This month marks the 10th year since the signing of the 2016 peace agreement. We congratulate the Colombian people on this significant milestone. We firmly believe the agreement remains a vital instrument to address key concerns that persist in Colombia today, and we call for its concerted and full implementation. Denmark expresses our full support for the UN Verification Mission and its crucial role to verify the reintegration of former FARC-EP combatants and security guarantees. The mission’s field presence in conflict-affected areas remain indispensable. as a bridge builder between vulnerable populations and the state. Madam President, addressing historical grievances and structural inequalities are crucial to building sustainable peace. Denmark believes that effective implementation of rule reform is a key element to foster development and strengthen state presence for the benefit of communities across the country. We also reiterate our support for the transitional justice component of the peace agreement to advance the rights of victims, as well as the ethnic chapter. Denmark believes nationally-led ownership is essential to ensure sustainable long-term peace and that UN missions should evolve to support the needs of the situation on the ground. In light of this adoption, we wish to state that the reduced mandate of the mission should not be considered as the UN stepping back. Today’s anonymous renewal reaffirms the Security Council and international community’s confidence in Colombia’s peace process and the Verification Mission’s adaptability to supporting the agreement. Madam President, in closing, we believe great progress has been made, but continued implementation is needed to to build on the progress achieved over the last decade to fulfil the promises to signatories and to the Colombian people. Denmark remains certain that, with the determination of the Colombian people, the commitment of the Government, and support of the international partners, Colombia will find sustainable and lasting peace. I thank you.

I thank the representative of Denmark for the statement. I now give the floor to the representative of Latvia.

Thank you, Madam President. We thank the United Kingdom for the constructive leadership in bringing this resolution forward. By voting in favor of the renewal of the mission's mandate, Latvia affirms its unwavering commitment to peace, stability, sustainable development, and reconciliation in Colombia. We welcome Colombia's commitment to upholding its constitutional obligations in relation to the peace process and the implementation of the final peace agreement. The agreement continues to offer a unique opportunity to consolidate peace, strength and security, and deliver tangible results for all Colombians. Realizing this potential requires preserving the agreement's core principles while effectively addressing existing implementation gaps. Although we note that verification of rural reform will no longer form part of the mission's mandate, We encourage the Government of Colombia to sustain its efforts to address regional development and long-standing inequalities in rural areas, which remain among structural factors fueling violence. We recognize the progress made in implementation of the final peace agreement since 2016, but also acknowledge evolving conflict dynamics and persistent challenges related to increased violence by illegal armed groups and organized crime. This includes ongoing sexual and gender-based violence against women and girls, disproportionate levels of violence affecting Afro-Colombian and indigenous communities, and the alarming recruitment of children by illegal armed groups in conflict-affected areas in Colombia. Going forward, this Council should remain focused on how best to support Colombia’s efforts to consolidate peace. Latvia remains committed to that objective. We firmly believe that the UN Verification Mission's extensive territorial presence, sustained engagement with local communities, and considerable field experience are essential to supporting Colombian stakeholders in addressing implementation challenges and translating the principles of the final peace agreement into tangible progress towards a just and lasting peace. I thank you.

I thank the representative of Latvia for the statement. I now give the floor to the representative of Panama.

Thank you, Madam President. First of all, we would like to thank the United Kingdom for its leadership as penholder and for the efforts made to facilitate consensus throughout this important process. Equally, we recognize the will of Colombia as the host country to continue to have the accompaniment of the United Nations in the implementation of some aspects of the final peace agreement. As we approach the 10th anniversary of its signing, we believe it is important to recognize that the implementation of the final agreement is a long-term process which has been through different administrations and political contexts. Therefore, we voted in favor of the resolution, and we welcome the fact that it was adopted unanimously. Naturally, each government has moved ahead with different approaches and priorities to the implementation of this constitutional and state-level commitment, which goes beyond election cycles and ideological differences. In this context, although Panama recognizes the value of international verification on rural reform, we respect Colombia’s priorities as the host country, and we celebrate the consensus reached in this Council to adjust the mission’s mandate. We trust that these adjustments will not lead to a reduction in the territorial presence of the Mission, because its presence on the ground at the regional level and the sub-regional and local levels constitute one of its main strengths, the importance of which has been once again recognized by this Council in the resolution that we adopted today. Madam President, we are aware that Colombia’s peace process continues to face significant challenges. But we also recognize the progress that has been made and the value of preserving the mechanisms that contributed to its consolidation, as well as the agreement to maintain a focus on the developing situation on the ground. As a neighboring and fraternal country, Panama reiterates its readiness to continue supporting Colombia and the United Nations in these efforts, with the hope that the progress achieved will make it possible to continue to build a lasting peace for the entire Colombian people. Thank you very much.

The representative of Panama for the statement. I now give the floor to the representative of the United States.

Thank you, Madam President. The United States voted in favor of this resolution renewing the mandate of the UN Verification Mission in Colombia. And of course, our thanks to the UK for the work and making it possible. A year ago, we would not support this mission's mandate. Its mandated tasks were unachievable. That has changed. Under President de la Espriella, Colombia has governed with focus and intention. On its own initiative, Colombia asked the Security Council to narrow this mission's scope. back to its core function, verifying reintegration and security guarantees. We supported that request, and we are pleased to see it reflected in this text. Colombia made clear it is ready to carry rural reform forward as its own national responsibility. That is exactly the kind of ownership this Council should want to see from every host government: not endless mandates, but governments stepping up and taking the lead. We have said for years that UN field missions need to focus on core peace and security objectives and get out of the business of doing everything for everyone. This resolution has done that. We thank, of course, the UK as penholder for working with Colombia in helping achieve today’s outcome, and we thank Colombia for exemplifying true national ownership. The United States looks forward to deepening our security and economic partnership with Colombia as it builds a safer and more prosperous future for its people. Thank you.

I thank the representative of the United States for the statement and now give the floor to the representative of Colombia.

Thank you, Madam President. I have listened with particular attention to the statements made by my colleagues during this meeting and during the negotiations which led to the Security Council resolution that we have just unanimously adopted. On behalf of the Republic of Colombia, I would like to thank you for your support, for your disposition and for your understanding as to the situation of violence and the difficulties that we are facing. Without security, peace is nothing but an idea. Without justice, without reparation, peace becomes impunity. When the principle of non-repetition is systematically violated, and when the perpetrators of crimes against humanity become the primary beneficiaries of that peace, peace itself becomes an instrument of conflict.

Madam President, Colombia wishes to thank very especially the UK for its efforts in crafting constructively this resolution. We thank the United States, and we thank all the members of the Council that have supported this resolution. We thank also the United Nations. And naturally, we are clear in understanding that this resolution means that the presence of the United Nations in Colombia is as important as the presence of the government. Sometimes we must let history accomplish its structural role to teach us. No matter the conflict, the inexorable pass of time remind us of the same lesson. Whenever war and peace collide, peace will always be the most intelligent option. However, This is neither the case nor the reality in our country. What we did here today is not going against peace. It's just understanding that the circumstances in the country, the war, and the conflict have evolved, and as such, the United Nations needs to evolve its mandate to be more effective. And that's what national ownership is also about. We are not a country enjoying the benefits of a peace process. Au contraire, we are fighting some of its consequences if things go in another direction. We are fighting empowered drug cartels, guerrillas, criminal organization, corruption, and forced displacement. All alongside the devastating aftermath effects of a 7.4 magnitude earthquake that shook our nation. We are fighting everything at once. Let me be clear, the government of Colombia and the millions of citizens we elected are not against peace. We are against impunity. We are against using peace as a political shield. for crimes against humanity and human rights atrocities, all while enabling criminal organizations, old and new, gain power and trample the most basic rights and the human dignity of our working people. Let me please disabuse you of the illusion and false narratives that sometimes surround the idea that you have here from those who have benefited the most from this unsettling peace process, particularly the ones that claim that the 2016 Peace Accord in Colombia is a model for the world. Well, not our world, not the world of the thousands of Colombians that have been killed, kidnapped, or extorted since the agreement was signed, certainly not the world of women that have been abducted, by the guerrillas, and another world of hundreds of children that have been recruited by gangs, criminal organizations, and drug cartels. The numbers quite simply don't hold the narrative. As such, it was necessary to review, narrow, and make the instrument more effective because the circumstances, again, of the conflict have changed.

Madam President, allow me to briefly explain why the Colombian peace agreement that was signed in 2016, entitled Final Agreement for Ending the Conflict and Building a Stable and Lasting Peace, was not final, was not stable, and was not lasting. The real sacrifice in any peace process is made by the victims, not the perpetrators. Peace is not made by those that sign agreements and appear in photos. Peace is made by the victims with the most noble of all purposes, the purpose of putting an end to the conflict and ensuring that there are no more victims. Nevertheless, the perpetrators and their defenders were the protagonists in this story. Although the voices of the victims stopped being listened to, the numbers speak for themselves. Colombia went from having 20,420 members of illegal armed groups in 2016, when the agreement was signed, to 29,004 in 2026. That is an increase of around 42% in 10 years. Although more than 13,000 members of the FARC were demobilized, which is a positive thing, which we should recognize, some of its members continue to engage in crime through criminal organizations known as FARC dissidents, which went from having 1,050 members in 2016 to 10,517 in 2026. thus multiplying their criminal strength by ten in the space of a decade. Between 2022 and 2026, 452 massacres were recorded, with 1,579 victims in Colombia. In that same period, 2,852 kidnappings were reported, and only between 2024 and 2025, there was an increase of 68% in the number of people affected by mass forced displacement events, going from almost 50,000 to 83,874 people. For Colombians, the names Bojayá, Mapiripán, Pueblo Bello and Catatumbo are not just places where peace never reached. They are the faces and the memory of the victims that we will not allow to be forgotten. Since the peace agreement was signed in July of 2016, there have been 30,478 homicides in the 170 municipalities that were prioritized by the agreement. Meanwhile, the vast majority of the victims go unidentified. The total value of goods reported by the FARC guerrilla group that signed the agreement, of that, 43% has not been able to be used for reparation and 82.7% of the cash money was never handed over, with the accusation that it is either in the hands of the army or that it has been stolen. With the resources that have been reported by the FARC, reparation has only been provided to 2,356 victims, a figure that pales next to the number of victims that have been caused and that continue to be caused by the conflict in Colombia. The government of Colombia, led by the President, Abelardo de la Espriella, knows that the constitutional and international mandate for peace and security is a comprehensive mandate. Real peace is achieved with justice, the presence of the state and territorial development in the regions, including economic development and including the most remote regions. Our country, moreover, recognizes the international support and accompaniment of the United Nations Security Council through the presence of the UN Verification Mission. This resolution is undoubtedly a fundamental achievement, not only for my delegation, but for all of the members sitting on this Council. The unanimous vote of the UN Security Council is a resounding and unmistakable message: a verification mission that is focused, effective, efficient, and aligned with the reality being experienced by millions of Colombians has a greater chance of being successful. Colombia is once again grateful, especially for the efforts of the United Kingdom as penholder, as well as to the other members of the Security Council, for the constructive spirit in which the negotiations on the resolution took place. And all of the members: United Kingdom, Somalia, Russia, Panama, Pakistan, Liberia, Latvia, Greece, France, Denmark, Democratic Republic of the Congo, China, Bahrain, United States, on behalf of the Republic of Colombia, thank you very much. From the most junior soldier right up to our head of state, from the most humble peasant all the way up to the most successful businessman, Every corner of the patria has heard the unending call of the tens of millions of victims left by the conflict over 60 years. That is to say that without security, there is no peace. Thank you very much, Madam President.

I thank the representative of Colombia for the statement. There are no more names inscribed on the list of speakers. The meeting is adjourned.

So, Karen.

The 10,258th meeting of the Security Council is called to order. The provisional agenda for this meeting is: The situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The agenda is adopted. In accordance with rule 37 of the Council's Provisional Rules of Procedure, I invite the representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia to participate in this meeting. It is so decided. I request the protocol officer to escort His Excellency Mr. Denis Bečirović, Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, to his seat at the Council table. In accordance with rule 39 of the Council's provisional rules of procedure, I also invite His Excellency Mr. Stavros Labrinidis, head of the delegation of the European Union to the United Nations, to participate in this meeting. It is so decided. The Security Council will now begin its consideration of item two of the agenda. Members of the Council have before them document S/2026/852, the text of a draft resolution submitted by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The Council is ready to proceed to the vote on the draft resolution before it. I shall put the draft resolution to the vote now. Will those in favour of the draft resolution contained in document S/2026/852 please raise their hand? The result of the voting is as follows: the draft resolution received 15 votes in favour. The draft resolution has been adopted unanimously as resolution 2834 of 2026. I now give the floor to those Council members who wish to make statements. I give the floor to the representative of the United Kingdom.

Thank you, Madam President. And we welcome the participation of His Excellency Mr. Denis Puchirovich, Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in this meeting, as well as the representatives of the EU, Serbia, and Croatia. We share our deep sadness at the tragic crash of a U-4 helicopter near Bircsko. tribute to those who lost their lives and those who were injured. Our thoughts are with families and loved ones, and with the UFOR community. The United Kingdom welcomes today’s unanimous renewal of UFOR Althea’s mandate for a further 12 months. Its continued presence plays a vital role in ensuring peace and security in Bosnia and Herzegovina. We thank Council members for their constructive engagement throughout the process. Bosnia and Herzegovina’s sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence must be upheld. We welcome the peaceful conduct of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s 4 October elections and the first nationwide use of election technology, which contributed to strengthening electoral integrity and supporting greater transparency and confidence in the electoral process. As the latest OHR report makes clear, Significant challenges remain in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including continued obstruction of state institutions, failure to implement decisions of the Constitutional Court, and lack of progress on state property. Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in Serbia offer an opportunity to reset regional relations and to recommit to the Dayton principles of respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and political independence of Bosnia-Herzegovina. Reconciliation remains essential. We condemn the glorification of convicted war criminals. Ratko Mladic was convicted by an independent UN tribunal of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. Any attempts to deny or minimise these crimes undermine reconciliation. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia was established by this Council, and its judgments must be respected. Madam President, the Acting High Representative’s report and ongoing challenges both demonstrate that the Office of the High Representative continues to play a vital and legitimate role in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The United Kingdom supports the Acting High Representative appointed by the Peace Implementation Council Steering Board, and empowered to use his executive powers where necessary in line with Chapter VII resolutions. The United Kingdom supports progress on the 5+2 agenda, but notes that conditions for completion have not yet been met. Until they are, the High Representative remains essential to safeguarding Dayton and to ensuring peace and stability. The appointment of the next High Representative remains a matter for the Peace Implementation Council Steering Board. We hope that agreement on a suitable successor is reached soon. To conclude, the United Kingdom supports the Dayton Peace Agreement: one state, two entities, three constituent people, and others. Divisive rhetoric, including unilateral calls for secession or a third entity is inconsistent with and contrary to Dayton, and risks peace and stability. We support Bosnia and Herzegovina's Euro-Atlantic ambitions, as reflected in the will of the majority of her citizens, and we encourage leaders to put aside their differences and work together for a more sustainable and prosperous future for Bosnia and Herzegovina. Thank you.

I thank the representative of the United Kingdom for the statement. I now give the floor to the representative of Liberia.

Thank you, Madam President. A peace agreement can end a war. Its enduring test is whether it enables people to build a shared future. For Bosnia and Herzegovina, The responsibility before us is to protect the peace secured at Dayton while supporting the political cooperation that will make it last. Liberia supports the renewal of authorization for a further 12 months. Its contribution to a safe and secure environment remains important. We commend its personnel and contributing countries. Preserving this security foundation is an investment in prevention, and we encourage Council unity in sustaining it. That unity should also serve a clear purpose: to give Bosnia and Herzegovina’s leaders and institutions The confidence ends. space to resolve differences peacefully. Liberia reaffirms its respect for the country’s sovereignty, territorial integrity, and political independence, and for the constitutional framework established under the Dayton Peace Agreement. Respect for that framework requires all parties to uphold their responsibilities and pursue changes through lawful, agreed procedures. Unilateral steps that weaken institutions or threaten the country's unity put the interests of all its communities at risk. Madam President, the coming year should be used deliberately. Our concern must extend beyond whether an immediate crisis has been avoided to whether the conditions for another crisis are being reduced. This means political leaders enabling institutions to function. implementing binding judicial decisions, and ensuring that political disagreements do not interrupt essential services. It means electoral processes that inspire confidence and lead to institutions capable of governing. Citizens should be able to see that participation produces decisions, and that decisions improve their lives. It also means addressing the mistrust on which recurring crisis feed. Reconciliation requires respect for victims, acknowledgment of suffering, and rejection of rhetoric that makes any community fear for its place in the country. Women, young people, and civil society should have meaningful opportunities to shape that work. A shared future becomes more credible when people have a voice in building it. Liberia speaks from experience. International solidarity helped us move from war toward peace. Sustaining that peace has required national responsibility, patient institution building, and continued partnership. National ownership grows stronger when institutions earn public trust and leaders accept responsibility for the consequences of their choices. For Bosnia and Herzegovina, International engagement should therefore help strengthen the capacity and cooperation through which domestic institutions can progressively carry greater responsibility. Regional partners can reinforce that effort by encouraging dialogue and respecting the country's sovereignty. You four, should continue to fulfill its agreed mandate with cooperation under established arrangements supporting its stabilization role. Madam President, when this Council next considers renewal, we should seek evidence that the space secured by U4 has been used, institutions working more reliably, disputes addressed through lawful processes, and greater cooperation across communities. These are measures of the political progress that should accompany our continuing security commitment. The people of Bosnia and Herzegovina deserve to inherit the protections of peace without inheriting the divisions of war. Let us renew the security foundation and encourage the leadership that can turn it into a more confident, secured future. I thank you.

I thank the representative of Liberia for the statement. I now give the floor to the representative of Colombia.

Madam President, I would like to welcome the presence of His Excellency Mr. Denis Bečirović, Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as the representatives of Croatia, Serbia, and the European Union at today's meeting. Colombia welcomes the unanimous adoption of this resolution and reaffirms its commitment to the full implementation of the Dayton Peace Agreement, more than three decades after its signing. Respect for the agreement, the constitutional order and the rule of law must remain the foundation for overcoming political differences, strengthening democratic institutions and consolidating lasting peace. In this context, Colombia supported the renewal of EUFOR Althea's mandate, recognizing its contribution to maintaining a safe and secure environment in Bosnia and Herzegovina and promoting stability across the region. Colombia calls upon the authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina at all levels of government and upon the international community, including the members of the Peace Implementation Council, to redouble their efforts to implement the 5+2 agenda as a roadmap towards greater autonomy and the full exercise of the sovereign responsibilities of the country's institutions. Dialogue and mutual understanding within the country must also lead to reforms that generate opportunities for the population, strengthen economic and social development, and lead to regional integration." Lasting stability requires institutions that can respond to the needs of its citizens and provide future prospects for the next generation. Colombia reiterates its commitment to the sovereignty, territorial integrity, political independence, and unity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as to a future of peace, stability, and prosperity for all of its inhabitants. Thank you very much.

The representative of Colombia for the statement. I now give the floor to the representative of the.

Madam President, at the outset, I would like to pay tribute to the memory of the victims of the tragic helicopter accident involving members of the European Union's force EUFOR Althea. The Democratic Republic of the Congo would like to extend its heartfelt condolences to the bereaved families as well as to the entire personnel of the force. We wish to wish those injured a speedy recovery. We commend those who serve peace, sometimes laying down their lives. We've taken note of the resolution that's been adopted. Madam President, Bosnia and Herzegovina is continuing on the path towards building peace, building on the gains which remain, but which require our unswerving attention. The report before us takes stock of persistent political and institutional difficulties. It also recalls the importance of dialogue and the proper functioning of institutions, and this in order to maintain stability. On this note, the DRC takes note that general elections were held on 4 October of this year in a climate that was for the most part peaceful. We applaud the efforts undertaken to bolster transparency. We would like to note the observations made about electoral participation and some aspects of the process. These elections pave the way for a new phase in the country's political life. We welcome it with hope and confidence. We would like to see the resulting institutions reflecting the diverse sensibilities of those who make up those institutions. We'd like to see those institutions help to promote dialogue and harmony, the foundation for peace for all citizens. Democracy is indeed particularly forceful when it allows for differences to be expressed and the wills of the people to come together around a common fate. The Dayton Agreement is the cornerstone for peace and institutional equilibrium in BAH. It has not erased the differences, but gave them a common framework, replacing confrontation with the possibility of dialogue and breakdowns with compromise. The spirit of coexistence and shared responsibility is vital for furthering the endeavor of peace, an endeavor begun over 30 years ago. The difficulties the central institutions have encountered in their functioning, as well as political blockages noted in the report. They recall just how important it is to maintain this common framework and to continue efforts aimed at bolstering trust between the various actors. The DRC stands convinced that dialogue, respect for institutions, and the search for consensus are the best possible ways to overcome differences and to foster the legitimate aspirations of the population of BIH as a whole. On this note, we'd like to reiterate our commitment to the sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity, as well as the independence, the political independence of BIH, and this within its internationally recognized borders. We encourage political leaders across all levels to continue their efforts in a spirit of restraint, consultation and respect for the letter and the spirit of the Dayton Accords, so that national institutions continue to remain a space for dialogue, trust, and harmony. Peace in BiH is not consigned to its history. It is a present-day responsibility, as every decision taken contributes to forging the future. Our gaze is fixed on this country, not to judge its sovereign choices, but rather because hard-won peace carries in it a promise, a promise that we cannot allow to be snuffed out. We would like to believe that political leaders understand the scope of the legacy they've been entrusted with, and that they will continue working with restraint, engaging in dialogue, ensuring harmony is pursued. Our responsibility is to continue assisting their efforts, respectfully, steadily, convinced that peace cannot be imposed from the outside, but takes root in the will of those who sustain it, this peace. Madam President, it is against this backdrop that the Security Council has renewed its authorization for UNIFOR Althea. My delegation welcomes its contribution to the stability and the maintenance of a safe and secure environment in BH. The presence of the force remains important, however, peace can only be sustainable, cannot only be sustained by outside guarantees alone. Peace is built first and foremost on trust between communities, functional institutions, and the willingness of leaders to place the common interest above all. International assistance should continue to support national capacities with full respect for the security situation and the progress that's been achieved. Bosnia and Herzegovina knows the price of division and the value of peace restored. Over three decades after Dayton, the challenge is not just to keep the guns silent, but to keep alive, day in, day out, the promise of coexistence thanks to which those guns were silenced. The DRC stands convinced that this future belongs first and foremost to the people of Bih and to their institutions. We encourage the people of Bih to continue, working in harmony and mutual respect, the endeavour of peace, of building peace begun over 30 years ago. convinced that a peace agreement draws strength not just from the memory of what it helped to avoid, it draws strength from the common future that peace continues to make possible. I thank you.

The representative of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and for the statement, and I now give the floor to the representative of Latvia.

Thank you, Madam President. I would like to welcome the Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. His Excellency Mr. Denis Bujnovic and the representatives of Croatia, Serbia, and the European Union to today's meeting. And I thank the Acting High Representative, Mr. Louis Krišćak, for his report. I also thank the delegation of the United Kingdom for their efforts in facilitating the adoption of the resolution renewing the mandate of Operation Althea, which is of great importance in maintaining a safe and secure environment in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The unanimous renewal of the mandate demonstrates the continued commitment of the international community to the country's stability and security. Before proceeding, allow me to express Latvia's deepest condolences to the families and loved ones of those who lost their lives in the tragic UH-4 helicopter accident near Bricsko yesterday, and we wish speedy recovery to the injured, and our thoughts are with the EUFOR personnel, and all those affected by this tragedy. Madam President, I would like to make the following three points. First, Latvia notes the holding of general elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina on 4th of October. We commend the efforts undertaken to strengthen the integrity and transparency of the electoral process, while recognizing the shortcomings identified by international and domestic observers. The elections offer an important opportunity for renewed political engagement and progress on reforms. We encourage all newly elected representatives to work constructively, overcome political divisions, and focus on delivering tangible results for all citizens. Let me reaffirm its strong support for Bosnia and Herzegovina's European perspective. Progress towards European Union membership requires political will. shared responsibility, and concrete reforms to strengthen democratic institutions and the rule of law. Second, Latvia remains concerned about persistent political divisions, secessionist rhetoric, and continued attempts to undermine the constitutional order and the functioning of state-level institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Actions and rhetoric by political leaders of Republika Srpska that challenge the authority of state institutions and obstruct their effective functioning are particularly troubling. Latvia condemns the glorification of convicted war criminals, including following the recent death of Ratko Mladic, who was convicted of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. Genocide denial, historical revisionism, and glorification of war criminals undermines reconciliation, mutual trust, and the prospect of lasting peace. Third, More than three decades after its signing, the Dayton Peace Agreement remains the cornerstone of peace, stability, and reconciliation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Latvia reiterates its unwavering support for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, constitutional order, and multi-ethnic character of Bosnia and Herzegovina. And we affirm our continued support for the Office of the High Representative and its important role in overseeing the civilian implementation of the Dayton Peace Agreement. And we look forward to the steering board of the Peace Implementation Council proceeding with the appointment of a fully empowered new high representative. We also underline the importance of continued progress towards fulfilling the conditions of the 5+2 agenda. Madam President, let me conclude by underscoring Latvia's continued commitment to supporting Bosnia and Herzegovina in building peaceful, stable, and prosperous future. Thank you.

I thank the representative of Latvia for the statement. I now give the floor to the representative of Denmark.

Thank you, Madam President. I would like to welcome the Chair of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, His Excellency Denis Bečirović, to this meeting, as well as representatives of Croatia, Serbia, and the EU. Madam President, Denmark welcomes today's anonymous adoption, renewing the mandate of UNIFOR Althea. We are proud to contribute to the mission, supporting peace and stability in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the wider Western Balkans region. We are deeply saddened by the tragic helicopter crash near Brcko yesterday. We extend our heartfelt condolences to the families of those who lost their lives, and we express our solidarity with all those affected. The mission plays a vital role in maintaining a safe and secure environment and providing reassurances amid persistent political tensions. Madam President, I would like to thank the Acting High Representative for his latest report. Denmark welcomes the peaceful conduct of the general elections on 4 October. We particularly commend the nationwide introduction of new electoral technologies, which improved transparency and strengthened electoral integrity. However, elections alone cannot deliver the progress that Bosnia and Herzegovina needs. The election results must now be followed by constructive political engagement, the formation of functioning authorities, and a renewed commitment to reforms. We regret the lack of meaningful progress on Bosnia and Herzegovina's EU accession path. The necessary reforms remain stalled. and key conditions for opening accession negotiations have yet to be met. This is a missed opportunity for the country, and above all, for its citizens. Advancing towards EU membership remains the best way forward, offering a common framework for reform, prosperity, and reconciliation. We urge all political leaders to seize this opportunity and deliver concrete progress, including on judicial independence and the rule of law. At the same time, Denmark remains deeply concerned by continued challenges to Bosnia and Herzegovina's constitutional order and territorial integrity. We are particularly concerned by the continued secessionist rhetoric of the Republika Srpska's leadership and the ongoing undermining of state institutions. Institutional obstruction, disregard for decisions of the Constitutional Court, and efforts to establish separate structures in Republika Srpska weaken the institutions established under the Dayton Peace Agreement. We call on all political leaders to respect the constitutional order, the rule of law, and the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and political independence of the country. Madam President, we condemn the continued glorification of convicted war criminals, particularly following the death of Ratko Mladic. Ratko Mladic was a convicted war criminal responsible for genocide. war crimes and crimes against humanity, including the genocide in Srebrenica. The images from his funeral in Belgrade were deeply disturbing, and so was the presence of politicians and officials from Republika Srpska and Serbia at his funeral. Glorifying convicted war criminals and denying or minimizing their crimes disregard the suffering of victims, undermines reconciliation, challenges the rule of law, and does not contribute to the country's EU path. There can be no lasting peace without respect for the facts established by international courts and the dignity of all victims. Madam President, Denmark reaffirms full support for the Dayton Peace Agreement, the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and political independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina, its constitutional order, and its multi-ethnic character. In this context, we reiterate our strong support for the Office of the High Representative and the continued implementation of its mandate, including the High Representative's full authority under the Peace Agreement. We hope that the Steering Board of the Peace Implementation Council can appoint a new High Representative as soon as possible. The lack of progress on the 5+2 agenda remains a serious concern. We look forward to the day when Bosnia and Herzegovina can stand with strong democratic institutions without the need for international presence. Unfortunately, the situation does not yet allow for this. Madam President, in closing, Denmark's commitment to Bosnia and Herzegovina remains steadfast. For decades, we have supported peace and security, human rights, gender equality, the rule of law, civil society, and freedom of the press. These priorities remain central to our engagement throughout the country, in both entities, and are essential to an inclusive, democratic, and resilient society. Denmark stands with the people of Bosnia and Herzegovina in their efforts to build a peaceful, democratic, and prosperous future within the European family. I thank you.

I thank the representative of Denmark for the statement. I now give the floor to the representative of Panama.

Thank you, Madam President. We greet His Excellency Denis Bečirović, Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the representatives of the delegations of Serbia, Croatia, and the European Union, who honour us with their presence. More than 30 years on from the signing of the Dayton Peace Accords, Panama recognizes that, despite the deep political and institutional divisions, significant progress has been achieved towards preserving peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, tensions between different levels of government and the persistence of separatist discourse reminds us that this stability cannot be taken for granted. Faced with this reality, Panama reiterates its firm commitment to the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and multi-ethnic nature of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as its rejection of any initiative which aims to weaken the institutions of the state, or undermine the framework established by the Dayton Agreements. We consider it to be essential for all political forces to resolve their differences through dialogue, respecting the constitutional order and recognizing that the country's diversity should be a strength and not a cause for confrontation. Madam President, Panama welcomes the largely peaceful holding of general elections on 4 October and recognises the work of the election authorities. We trust that this new political phase will make it possible to overcome the institutional blockages and move towards greater cooperation between communities. These difficulties should not be understood solely as disagreements between leaders, because their consequences directly affect the development opportunities and well-being of the population. Therefore, we urge the new authorities to prioritize dialogue, respect judicial decisions, and to work for robust institutions which responds to the needs of all citizens, regardless of the community to which they belong. We would also like to express our profound concern over the persistence of discourse which denies or downplays the Srebrenica genocide, as well as over actions which glorify persons convicted of war crimes. Panama firmly condemns any form of expression which aims to justify or glorify these atrocities. Behind each victim there was a life, a family, and a future that was taken away from them. And behind every name, there is still the pain of those who, more than three decades on, continue to live with the absence of their loved ones. It is those families that we must keep in mind when we speak of reconciliation. President, Panama reaffirms its full support for the Dayton Peace Accords, which remain the fundamental basis for preserving peace, stability, and the constitutional order of Bosnia and Herzegovina. We also reiterate our support for the agenda of five objectives and two conditions, the 5+2 agenda, the implementation of which is essential to strengthen institutions and consolidate true stability. We also highlight the important contribution of EUFOR Althea to maintaining a safe and stable environment in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its presence continues to be essential to preventing a deterioration of the security situation, to preserve gains that have been achieved, and to contribute to the stability of the country and the whole region. Madam President, to conclude, Panama would like to reiterate the importance of continuing to work for a Bosnia and Herzegovina that is united, stable, and at peace, where differences between its communities are overcome through dialogue and mutual understanding. We trust that its leaders will be able to place the well-being of the population above political divisions, rejecting separatist discourse and respecting not only the letter but also the spirit of the Dayton Accords. The peace that was reached more than 30 years ago must continue to be protected, but it must also be translated into opportunities, dignity and hope for the younger generations, who deserve to grow up without the fear that the divisions of the past will once again determine their future. Thank you very much.

Representative of Panama for the statement. I now give the floor to the representative of Pakistan.

Thank you very much, Madam President. I welcome His Excellency Mr. Denis Burić, Chairperson of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in today’s meeting, and congratulate him on his re-election. I also welcome the participation of Serbia, Croatia, and the EU delegation in the meeting. At the outset, let me congratulate Bosnia and Herzegovina and all its people on the peaceful elections. I take this opportunity to also facilitate Ms. Sijvanovic and Ms. Filipovic as the Serb and Croat representatives of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, respectively. Our support for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, unity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in line with the UN Charter, remains resolute and unwavering. We firmly believe that the Dayton Peace Accords and the constitutional order and the entire institutional framework of governance laid by the Agreement remains vital for peace and stability, and more importantly, the well-being and progress of all constituent peoples in the country. Bosnia and Herzegovina has seen a rather tumultuous period of political developments in the past year and a half. Rising political tensions and divisive rhetoric have disturbed the fragile inter-ethnic balance in the country. Regrettably, this has had a spillover effect and led to governance deficit, institutional paralysis, exacerbating the administrative, legislative, and constitutional challenges. We hope that with the recent elections, these dynamics would change, and all the political leadership in Bosnia and Herzegovina would work together to re-engage with each other in the spirit of mutual respect, compromise, and mutual accommodation, within the confines of the constitutional order of the country. The well-being of all citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina should remain paramount. The only path for this is an earnest, result-oriented and unconditional dialogue among the two entities and all constituent peoples. President, we are encouraged to see the overall stable security situation in the country. Our vote supporting the renewal of the mandate of EUFOR Althea Mission reflects our strong desire to see stability prevail and tranquility take root in Bosnia. We express our condolences on the tragic helicopter crash resulting in the loss of lives and injuries to EUFOR troops recently. We have consistently warned against the disturbing reality of divisive and inflammatory rhetoric with ethnic and religious undertones. The horrid history of the conflict in the Balkans is a sobering reminder of the human cost of war and the imperative to cherish and preserve peace. The infamy of Srebrenica genocide remains vivid in our memories. Pakistan’s position on this matter remains clear. The decisions of the International Tribunal on the crimes of genocide and war crimes were based on irrefutable evidence and are final, and must be respected. Any attempts at diminishing these crimes are an affront to the victims of these atrocities and do not augur well for the general peace, inter-ethnic relations, and the spirit of coexistence. President, we acknowledge Bosnia's right to choose its own partnerships and a path towards integration in regional political and economic organizations as it deems fits, in accordance with the will of its own peoples. Pakistan enjoys warm and fraternal ties with Bosnia and Herzegovina and all its people. These ties are historical and deep-rooted. and we will continue to further strengthen and deepen our mutually beneficial relations. The opportunity for charting a peaceful and prosperous future for Bosnia and all its people rests with its own constituent peoples, the Bosniaks, the Croats, and the Serbs alike. Only by collectively rejecting divisive and dangerous narratives and promoting peaceful coexistence, trust can be rebuilt, allowing a bright future together, one grounded in peace and shared dignity and prosperity for all. I thank you very much.

I thank the representative of Pakistan for the statement. I now give the floor to the representative of the United States.

Thank you, Madam President. Let me begin also by expressing our condolences on behalf of the United States to the Italian service members who were killed and injured in the helicopter crash yesterday while serving in Operation Euphor Althea. Our thoughts are with their families. Their service, alongside their brothers and sisters in arms, has critically contributed to peace and stability in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The United States now welcomes the reauthorization of Euphor Operation Althea. which continues to play a valuable role contributing to the security and stability of the Western Balkans. We also recognize the efforts of the Office of the High Representative, under Acting Representative Lewis J. Kirschok, to empower local leaders and prepare the government of Bosnia and Herzegovina to take full responsibility for its own affairs. Success for a High Representative means fostering a stable, secure, and sovereign Bosnia and Herzegovina, even if it also means working yourself out of a job. We are closer than ever to fulfilling the promise of the Dayton Accords, where Bosnia and Herzegovina takes responsibility for its own challenges and its leaders drive local solutions. After the peaceful elections held in early October, the hard work now begins. We encourage elected representatives to form state, entity, and cantonal level authorities without delay. Voters entrusted you to focus on practical cooperation, achieve tangible progress, and deliver stability and prosperity for all of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s citizens. Prove them right. The United States will continue to support a sovereign Bosnia and Herzegovina and its territorial integrity, as enshrined at Dayton, as it increasingly shoulders responsibility for its own challenges. Thank you, madam.

I thank the representative of the United States for the statement. I now give the floor to the representative of the Russian Federation.

Madam President, Russian Federation supported yet another extension for the European force in Bosnia and Herzegovina. We believe that, going forward, the mission activities will be conducted within strictly agreed parameters. ALFIR should play a stabilizing role, helping to maintain peace and security in the AH. We'd also like to extend our condolences to due to the mission's helicopter crash, which resulted in the deaths of Italian servicemen. We wish them a speedy recovery. Madam President, the Security Council is following very closely implementation of resolution 1031 and the Dayton Accords. Unfortunately, chronic systemic contradictions persist in the country. The intensity of inter-ethnic problems remains acute. This is why the Council cannot afford to step back from the Bosnian settlement process. We note that yet another general election was held in Bihac. It was peaceful and harmonious, despite various attempts by outside forces to influence preparations for the election and the outcome. The constituent peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina fully exercised their democratic rights. the Presidency of BIH after an eight-year gap, a legitimate representative of the Croat people was elected to the Presidium. We hope that, in fact, we're convinced that this fair configuration will help to stabilize the situation in BIH. We call on the Bosnian parties to swiftly form government authorities at all levels. Under the country's new leadership, they will be resolving large-scale issues. political and legal problems inherited from the so-called High Representative, Mr. Schmidt. We'd like to remind you that Russia warned Western countries about manipulating the process for appointing the High Representative, circumventing the Security Council. According to the letter and the spirit of the Dayton Accord, as well as established international practice, the Council must endorse the High Representative. This was well known to our colleagues. Despite this, our Western colleagues refused to work together on compromises that would be mutually acceptable. They rejected the Security Council draft resolution on Mr. Schmidt put forward by Moscow and Beijing. Everyone knows what the result was. To date, we do not see our Western colleagues showing any readiness to fix the abnormal situation they created. Unfortunately, It is the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina who will be once again paying the price for these dangerous experiments. The Office of the High Representative is, in essence, being shamelessly used as an instrument to interfere in the internal affairs of a sovereign state and to control the work of its legislative, judiciary, law enforcement, and electoral institutions. This is preventing BiH from acquiring proper legal personality in its internal policy. politics and creating artificial barriers on the perilous path to inter-ethnic reconciliation. We would like to emphasize how unacceptable it is to misuse the office of the High Representative to push through geopolitical and economic interests of specific states. The OHR is not empowered to comment about which trade or economic partners are preferable for BiH. You're going to have to try harder. The OHR is going to have to try harder. On the whole, what's blatantly obvious is the failure of the plot to establish alternative formats to the Security Council for addressing the situation in BIH. Yet Western countries, driven solely by their own interests, are again manipulatively trying to craft schemes and pretexts for retaining outside control over governance in BIH. Attempts to portray the Principal Deputy of the High Representative, Mr. Lewis Kirschok, as a so-called "acting High Representative" are shorn of any legal rationale. The Comprehensive Framework Agreement on Peace in BiH does not provide for such a position. Without a doubt, Under the Dayton Agreement, this role has no powers. I'd like to underscore once again that such powers can only be conferred on a legitimate High Representative, the candidature of which is approved by the Security Council. Yet, the ongoing presence of the OHR in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is incompatible with her sovereignty, and is not justified. We insist on a swift shutdown of this external protectorate and an abolishment of the post of the High Representative without any additional conditions. We deem hypocritical and unfair ongoing attempts by Western states to shift blame for the troubles they themselves provoked. They are trying to shift blame onto the Republika Srpska. Without a doubt, it's easier to blame the Serbs and their leaders for anything and everything when they're trying to pursue an independent policy aimed at protecting the interests of citizens rather than to look for solutions to all of the problems that have piled up. Republika Srpska has unswervingly sought to protect the Dayton Agreement, which guarantees the foundation, the decentralized foundations for the country. Banja Luka has repeatedly put forward rational initiatives aimed at intra-Bosnian dialogue, which has been torpedoed by Sarajevo at the behest of Western states. This is reflected in the report drafted by the Government of the Republika Srpska regarding the situation in the BH. We call on Security Council members to read that report carefully. Madam President, whether you like it or not, Dayton was and remains the basis for post-conflict settlement in BiH. There is no alternative to it. Achieving lasting inter-ethnic reconciliation is only possible using Dayton as the international legal basis. A carefully calibrated system of checks and balances with due regard for the interests of all three Bosnian parties is the only real basis for their peaceful coexistence and non-discriminatory equal status within one state. Any attempts to distort the Dayton principles is tantamount to playing with fire, which will have corrosive consequences for BH and for the entire Western Balkans region. I thank you.

I thank the representative of the Russian Federation for the statement. I now give the floor to the representative of France.

Thank you, Madam President. First of all, I would like to wish a warm welcome to His Excellency, the current Chairperson of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mr. Denis Petkovic. I also welcome the presence of the permanent representative of the European Union and the representatives of Serbia and Croatia. First of all, on behalf of France, I would like to express our condolences to the families and loved ones of the victims that lost their lives yesterday in a tragic helicopter accident during a routine U-4 Althea operation near Brčko. I pay tribute to the military and civilian personnel who are working on a daily basis within EUFOR Althea. They play an essential role for the stability and security of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the region. Madam President, France welcomes the unanimous adoption by the Council of resolution 2834, which renews the mandate of Operation EUFOR Althea for 12 months, and we thank the United Kingdom for having led our discussions and achieved this result. Since 2004, the European Union has been committed to the security of Bosnia and Herzegovina upon the decision of the Security Council and in accordance with the Dayton-Paris Accords. Thirty-one years after the signing of these peace agreements, France, the witness to those accords, stands alongside Bosnia and Herzegovina and will continue to defend respect for its unity, its territorial integrity, its sovereignty, its political independence, and its stability. That is why France pays close attention to and is concerned by separatist and nationalist discourse which aims to undermine the principles upon which the country is founded. In this regard, we welcome the good conduct of general elections on 4 October. They allowed voters in Bosnia and Herzegovina to exercise their democratic right to elect their representatives. France calls upon the elected political formations to form a government as soon as possible and to thus allow Bosnia and Herzegovina to move forward in its reform efforts on the path of joining the European Union. France also recalls its support for the Office of the High Representative. which exercises major responsibility for the implementation of the civilian aspect of the peace accords. We thank the Office for its latest report. As a member of the Steering Board of the Peace Implementation Council, France is fully invested in the appointment of a new High Representative by the Peace Implementation Council, whose responsibility it is, as soon as possible. Taking the European path also means implementing the reform objectives included in the 5+2 agenda, which determine the evolving role of the Office of the High Representative. We call upon the new authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina to find the necessary compromises to make progress on these reform objectives. Madam President, France is convinced of the European vocation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and of the entire Western Balkans region. That is the sovereign choice made by Bosnia and Herzegovina two years ago with the support of its people. It is the message expressed a year ago by the President of the Republic when he met the three members of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. To take this path, it is for the leaders of Bosnia and Herzegovina that represent the will of their people to take the responsibility for the necessary reforms, and they can count on France's support. Thank you.

Representative of France for the statement, and I give the floor to the Representative of Somalia.

Thank you, Madam President. I welcome the participation of His Excellency Mr. Biserovic, Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. I also welcome the presence of the representative of Croatia, Serbia, and the European Union in today's meeting. The Council's engagement reflects our shared commitment to peace and stability in Bosnia and Herzegovina and across the Western Balkans. More than 30 years after the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement, the country has made important progress. Preserving that progress requires continued political will, respect for the agreement, and a readiness to address differences through dialogue. The reported period has brought political and structural challenges that merit the Council's attention. At the same time, we welcome the peaceful conduct of the general election on October 4th, 2026. We also note the first nationwide use of election integrity technologies, including biometrics voter verification and ballot scanners. These developments show that what can be achieved when institutions and political leaders work together to strengthen public confidence. Against this backdrop, my delegation wishes to emphasize the following. three points. First, the General Framework Agreement for Peace remains the foundation of stability in Bosnia and Herzegovina. All parties should uphold its provisions and refrain from divisive rhetoric that weakens trust and reconciliation. Lasting solutions cannot be imposed; they must be built through inclusive, locally-led dialogue and consensus. We encourage political leaders to strengthen institutions and pursue reforms that improve the lives of all citizens, particularly in the areas of economic opportunity and social cohesion. Second, EUFOR Althea continues to play a valuable role in maintaining a safe and secure environment in which dialogue and development can take root. We send our condolences to the EUFOR staff the helicopter accident and wish speedy recovery for those injured. We welcome the renewal of the mandate of the Mission today and support the continuation of this mandate. The Mission’s presence alongside the efforts of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s own institutions remain an important contribution to stability. Third, Bosnia and Herzegovina’s European aspirations offer an opportunity to advance reform and cooperation. We encourage the international community to provide constructive support for the country’s development and integration efforts, while respecting its own sovereignty and the ownership of its people over their future. In closing, Madam President, as this is Somalia’s last statement under this item agenda in our tenure in the Council, we reaffirm our commitment to the sovereignty, unity, territorial integrity, and political independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina. We stand in solidarity with its people and stand ready to work with all partners to support a peaceful, inclusive, and multi-ethnic society. Through sustained engagement, mutual respect, and full commitment to the General Framework Agreement for Peace, Bosnia and Herzegovina can build a more secure future for all its communities, and in the wider region. I thank you.

I thank the representative of Somalia for the statement. I now give the floor to the representative of China.

President, I welcome His Excellency Mr. Denis Vucirovic, Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, attending this meeting. I also welcome the presence of representatives of Serbia, Croatia, and the European Union. China welcomes the Council's unanimous adoption of the resolution extending the mandate of the EU Multinational Stabilization Force in BiH. China thanks the efforts of the pen holder. China expresses condolences over the casualties suffered by the Italian personnel due to the crash of a U4 Althea helicopter. We wish those who are injured a speedy recovery. China always respects the sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as the independent choice of its people regarding the nation's future. We're committed to developing friendly relations with all ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina and sincerely hope that the country will achieve social stability and economic prosperity. In light of the latest situation, let me make three points. First, the three peoples of BiH should work together to advance the national governance agenda. Over the past few years, BIH has experienced continued political turmoil, with constant disputes among different ethnic groups and political parties, posing severe challenges to the national reconciliation process. Not long ago, general elections were held across BIH in a stable and smooth manner. People of all ethnic groups generally demonstrated inclusiveness and restraint, and the post-election situation remains stable. China commends and welcomes this. We hope that the two entities, three peoples, and all political parties in BiH will take the new post-election political landscape as an opportunity to show mutual tolerance, enhance mutual trust, stay engaged in constructive dialogue and consultation, refrain from confrontational rhetoric, advance the smooth formation of a new government, and jointly safeguard the country's political and social stability. Second, sustainable development should be promoted to help achieve lasting peace. Today, Bosnia and Herzegovina is at a critical phase in its economic restructuring and faces multiple challenges, including sluggish economic growth, high inflation, and labor outflow, placing its economy and society under pressure on multiple fronts. We call on all parties in BIH to prioritize the interests of the entire population. forge synergies in governance, fully leverage the country's geographical location, energy make every effort to improve the business environment, deepen international cooperation, create opportunities for economic growth, and ensure that the fruits of development benefit people of all ethnic groups. We hope that the international community will increase its support and assistance to BiH, scale up cooperation, infrastructure development, industrial upgrading, trade and investment, and promote the implementation of the Sustainable Development Agenda. Third, the destiny of Bosnia and Herzegovina should be in the hands of its own people, and its state affairs should be determined independently by its people. Over the past few years, there has been significant controversy both within BiH and in the international community on the issue of the High Representative. Both the High Representative system and the Bonn Powers were special arrangements made for a special period. They should not be prolonged, much less made permanent. The international community should fully respect the sovereignty of Bosnia and Herzegovina, fully listen to the opinions and concerns of its three peoples, create favorable conditions for all ethnic groups in BiH to resolve their differences, and avoid interfering in its internal affairs or taking sides. President, Bosnia and Herzegovina is an important country in the Balkans. Having once been ravaged by war, its people yearn for stable and peaceful lives. Achieving inclusive reconciliation among all ethnic groups in BiH will not only promote lasting peace and development within the country, but also contribute to the shared prosperity and stability of the Balkans region. China appreciates the constructive role played by Serbia, Croatia, and other regional countries in keeping BiH safe, secure, and stable. China will continue to work with the international community to make efforts to maintain peace and stability in BIH and promote regional development and prosperity. Thank you.

I thank the representative of China for the statement. I now give the floor to the representative of Bahrain.

Thank you, Madam President. First and foremost, I would like to welcome His Excellency Mr. Denis Bujarevic. the Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. I would also like to welcome all of participants in today's meeting, including Croatia, Serbia, and the representative of the European Union. Madam President, the Kingdom of Bahrain would like to welcome the unanimous renewal of the mandate of the European Union force in Bosnia and Herzegovina. U4 Al Faya, which reflects the commitment of the Security Council and the international community to sustaining support for stability and security in the AH. The Kingdom of Bahrain voted in favor of the resolution, given the pivotal role the force plays in strengthening long-term stability. We would also like to extend our condolences to the kindred the kindred Republic of Italy, and the families of the victims following yesterday's helicopter crash involving the European Union Mission in BiH. On this note, we would like to highlight the following points: First, over 30 years after the end of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Kingdom of Bahrain would like to reiterate the importance of ongoing efforts aimed at strengthening national reconciliation as well as social cohesion. It is vital that we commit to the Dayton Peace Accords, which is the foundation for the achievement of stability and security. We call on all parties to continue engaging in constructive dialogue, to act in the spirit of responsibility, and to refrain from any practices or rhetoric which could undermine national unity. we should encourage efforts to build mutual trust and promote the values of tolerance and peaceful coexistence, so as to contribute to the enthronement of lasting peace and to prevent a repetition of the tragedies of the past. Second, the Kingdom of Bahrain applauds ongoing efforts on demining and the clearance of explosive remnants of war. On this note, we emphasize the importance of providing ongoing support to these efforts and strengthening international cooperation in this field so as to contribute to the protection of civilians and to bolster the safety of local communities. Third, the Kingdom of Bahrain would like to express its disquiet regarding the incidents, the provocative incidents as well as anything else that could threaten constitutional order in the country. This cannot but undermine the country's institutions, preventing it from fully fulfilling their functions, and this in accordance with the Dayton Agreement. Moreover, we'd like to express our concern due to the incidents mentioned in the Secretary-General's report. That is, acts of vandalism which targeted places of worship as well as religious sites belonging to minority communities. We emphasize the importance of protecting these sites, respecting freedom of religion and belief, and promoting the values of tolerance and coexistence among all segments of society. By way of conclusion, we would like to reaffirm our full support for the efforts of the international community aimed at promoting peace, stability, and development in Bosnia and Herzegovina. we stress the need to fully respect the country's national institutions. We would like to reiterate that upholding the security, stability, unity, and territorial integrity of BH is a fundamental pillar for strengthening peace, security, and stability throughout the Balkans region. I thank you.

I thank the representative of Bahrain for the statement. I shall now make a statement in my capacity as the representative of Greece. I warmly welcome the presence of the Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, His Excellency Mr. Denis Bektirovic, as well as of the representatives of Croatia, Serbia, and the European Union. First of all, let me extend our deepest condolences to the victims' families, to all EUFOR personnel, and to the Government of Italy for the fatal helicopter crash near the settlement of Gorice. We honour their courage, service, and dedication. Greece welcomes today's unanimous adoption by the Council of Resolution 2834, renewing the authorization of the European Union Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Operation Althea, for a further period of 12 months. We thank the United Kingdom for facilitating this year's process. EUFOR Althea is vital in supporting the implementation of the Dayton Peace Agreement and maintaining a safe and secure environment in Bosnia and Herzegovina. We recognize the importance of coordination with competent authorities, together with the need for transparency and sustained engagement with local communities in building trust and ensuring the operation's continued effectiveness. Greece has contributed to EUFOR Althea since its launch in 2004, reflecting our long-standing commitment to peace, stability, and security in BiH and the wider region. The Dayton Peace Agreement remains the cornerstone of peace and stability in the country. Greece reiterates its unwavering support for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, unity, and political independence of BiH. We firmly underline the need for the full respect of its constitutional framework and the institutions established under the Dayton Peace Agreement, essential to the country's stability, peace, and prosperity. I wish to thank the Office of the High Representative for its latest report and express our appreciation for its valuable work. We further underscore the importance of the 5+2 agenda and the continued efforts of the Office of the High Representative towards its implementation in accordance with its mandate. We look forward to the timely designation of the new High Representative by the Peace Implementation Council, with a view to concluding the remaining objectives. We welcome the recent elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the use for the first time of voting technologies which strengthen electoral transparency and reinforce public confidence in the democratic process. Safeguarding and strengthening state-level institutions and ensuring their effective functioning is critical for preserving the unity of the country and its European path. Greece will continue to support strong and effective democratic institutions which contribute to the country's stability, cohesion, and development. The European Council's March 2024 decision to open accession negotiations with BIH marked a significant milestone on its EU integration path. The appointment of a chief negotiator alongside the ratification of the facility and loan agreement and the implementation of the reform agenda under the Growth Plan for the Western Balkans is essential to advancing the accession process and ensuring economic and social development. We urge all political parties to work together to deliver the necessary reforms for the benefit of all citizens, particularly on strengthening the rule of law and democratic institutions. We strongly condemn the glorification of convicted war criminals, as well as divisive and inflammatory rhetoric by any political actor that deepens ethnic divisions and undermines mutual trust. Such actions are fundamentally incompatible with European values, democratic principles, and the rule of law, and run counter to the pursuit of lasting peace and stability in BiH and the wider region. Political leaders bear a particular responsibility to promote mutual respect, constructive engagement, and an inclusive vision for the country's future. Lasting stability and prosperity in Bosnia and Herzegovina can only be achieved through unity, reconciliation, good neighborly relations, and regional cooperation. The principles and commitments enshrined in the Thessaloniki Declaration of 2003 and reaffirmed in the Delphi Declaration on April this year, present a vision of a shared future within the European Union for the Western Balkans, including Bosnia and Herzegovina. I thank you. I now resume my function as President of the Council. I now give the floor to His Excellency Mr. Denis Bečirović, Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Dear Madam President, distinguished Excellencies, it is with deep sorrow that I have learned about the tragic helicopter accident that occurred in Bosnia and Herzegovina yesterday, claiming the lives of four Italian soldiers and leaving 11 people injured. On behalf of the state and the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina, I once again extend my deepest condolences to the families of those who lost their lives, along with my sincere gratitude for their service, dedication, and contribution to the EUFOR Althea mission. Distinguished Excellencies, the report of the Acting High Representative confirms, among other things, the importance of the international community's continued attention to safeguarding peace, stability, and the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Twenty-six days ago, general elections were held in Bosnia and Herzegovina. For the first time, new technologies were used in the electoral process, primarily biometric voter identification and ballot scanners. The new technologies have fully demonstrated their value, and Bosnia and Herzegovina has once again confirmed its political maturity and ability to organize fair, free, and democratic elections. Ladies and gentlemen, the Dayton Peace Agreement is one of the most successful peace agreements since the Second World War. It was achieved thanks to the strong engagement of the West, led by the United States of America. The Dayton Peace Agreement is one of the greatest achievements of American foreign policy and the symbol of American leadership. Since the end of the war in 1995, my country has made significant political and economic progress with the support of the international community. This has included the unification of defense system, judiciary, tax system, and numerous other institutions. Unfortunately, the results achieved over decades of implementing Dayton Peace Agreement are now under threat. The leadership of the Bosnian entity of Republika Srpska is openly attempting to destroy this international agreement and undermine peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina. To achieve their anti-Datton objectives, they seek to weaken and abolish the mandate of the High Representative, weaken the institution of the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and seize the state property of Bosnia and Herzegovina contrary to national and international law. The separatist leadership of the Bosnian entity of Republika Srpska is attempting to create the conditions for secession. That is why we must clearly emphasize, also here in the UN Security Council, that any secession attempt would mean the collapse of peace and the Dayton Peace Agreement. We must stop this together, and we must act in time. The leadership of the Bosnian entity of Republika Srpska is attempting, through lobbying, to change the case of established U.S. policy towards Bosnia and Herzegovina. Their objective is to change U.S. foreign policy towards Bosnia and Herzegovina and secure international support for secession. Short-term lobbying efforts by anti-Dayton politicians should not take precedence over our long-term strategic interests. With regard to lobbying, the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina issued an exceptionally important decision on 25 September 2026. Through its final and binding decision, The Court prohibited the financing of lobbying activities by the Republika Srpska entity that are not in accordance with the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Lobbying is a legitimate activity when conducted transparently and lawfully. However, lobbying must not be directed towards undermining the constitutional order of Bosnia and Herzegovina. There are three fundamental prerequisites for lasting peace and stability in the Western Balkans: holding accountable all those who generate crises and undermine the Dayton Peace Agreement, creating conditions for investment and stronger economic development, and building independent judicial institutions that will not serve as an extension of political parties. We in Bosnia and Herzegovina have learned important lessons from the current term of office. I hope the international community has done so as well. We are aware that our political actors who seek to dismantle the Dayton Peace Agreement, weakening the institutions. entrusted under the Dayton Peace Agreement with protecting this international agreement, would have catastrophic consequences for peace and security in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the entire region. More precisely, undermining the position and competencies of the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina The state judicial authorities and particularly the mandate of and powers of the High Representative would directly threaten peace and stability. The international community must preserve the instruments necessary to protect the Dayton Peace Agreement. The signatories and witnesses of the Dayton Peace Agreement knew, even at the end of 1995, that the agreement as a whole could not function without an extend. It is therefore very important that the appointment of a new High Representative be carried out in such a way that the Peace Implementation Council selects the new High Representative and that the powers and mandate of the High Representative are not undermined. The closure of the Office of the High Representative can only be discussed once the 5+2 agenda has been fulfilled. Ladies and gentlemen, I wish to place particular emphasis in my address on the issue of the state property of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Only the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina has the exclusive competence to regulate all matters relating to state property through decisions of the competent state authorities. Under provisions of the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the State of Bosnia and Herzegovina continued the international legal personality of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the title holder to all state property. The general principles of international law form an integral part of the legal order of the State of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia and Herzegovina is obliged to comply with the ratified agreement on succession issues. I remind that, following the consent of the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina to ratification, the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina adopted a decision on ratification of the Agreement on Succession Issues in 2001. The Agreement is a multilateral international treaty, and under the principle of pacta sunt Serb and all successor states, including Bosnia and Herzegovina, must respect and implement it bona fide. The agreement on succession issues explicitly states that Bosnia and Herzegovina holds title to this property. Therefore, the ownership status of this property is determined by the rules of international law. Furthermore, the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina have established final and binding legal positions. The Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina has clearly stated that state property reflects statehood, independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity, which belong exclusively to the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina and not to the entities. State property is a fundamental element ensuring that authority is sovereign in substance, not merely in form. The entities and other lower levels of government may use this property only to the extent that they may be authorized by a law adopted by the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Ladies and gentlemen, Bosnia and Herzegovina has an obligation to eliminate systemic discrimination as established by the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights. All elements of discrimination must be removed from the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Only a normative framework based on equality, non-discrimination, and the functionality of institutions can ensure a stable and sustainable democracy in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Distinguished Ambassadors, Recently, the war criminal Ratko Mladic was buried in Serbia with the highest military and state honours. The granting of the highest honours to a convicted war criminal is not an isolated incident. At the beginning of October this year, the convicted war criminal Biljana Plavšić was buried with high honours and in the presence of the highest ranking officials of the Bosnian entity of Republika Srpska. The glorification of war criminals convicted by final judgements is unacceptable and their glorification sends a dangerous message. It is an indication that the ideology and policies that lead to aggression and genocide have still not been abandoned. At the same time, while war criminals convicted by final judgments are being glorified, employees and researchers of the Srebrenica Memorial Centre are facing pressure. They are facing pressure because they preserve the truth about the only genocide in Europe since 1945, the genocide against Bosniaks. It is absolutely unacceptable that institutions of the Bosnian entity of Republika Srpska, which committed genocide against Bosniaks, are today intimidating survivors and those who preserve the memory of the victims of genocide. We regard the pressure on the families of genocide victims and those who preserve the truth about the genocide as a new and grave danger. Ladies and gentlemen, I welcome the UN Security Council's decision to extend the mandate of the UFOR Althea mission. I particularly appreciate the fact that the UN Security Council has once again recognized that the security environment in Bosnia and Herzegovina requires a credible international presence. The states that witnessed the Dayton Peace Agreement and other states should strengthen their support for Bosnia and Herzegovina. There are numerous ways to provide support, but I particularly emphasize the importance of sending a clear message that undermining the Dayton Peace Agreement will not be tolerated. considering the reactivation of targeted sanctions against those responsible for destabilization in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the wider region, providing full support to the High Representative in exercising his powers when necessary, and advocating faster progress towards Bosnia and Herzegovina's membership in NATO and the European Union. Finally, I wish to state that there is no alternative to an independent, sovereign and united Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia and Herzegovina has a secure future. The greatest strength of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the overwhelming majority of people who are prepared at any cost to safeguard and strengthen our state. We will defend our state by all available means in accordance with international and domestic law. No one should doubt that. Thank you to all our friends around the world who support a democratic and multi-ethnic Bosnia and Herzegovina. Thank you for your attention.

I thank His Excellency Mr. Bajirovic for the I now give the floor to His Excellency Mr. Stavros Labrinidis, Head of the Delegation of the European Union to the United Nations.

Thank you, Madam President. I am honored to speak on behalf of the European Union's member states. The candidate countries Turkey, North Macedonia, Montenegro, and the Republic of Moldova, as well as San Marino, align themselves with the statement. And let me also welcome, like others have, His Excellency Mr. Denis Vesirovic, the Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. President, before presenting the EU statement, allow me a few words regarding the tragic crash of the EU4 Althea helicopter, which took place yesterday in Bosnia and Herzegovina, claiming the lives of four EU4 personnel and leaving 11 injured. The European Union and its Member States would like to express Heartfelt condolences to the families of the deceased, as well as to the government of the Republic of Italy as the affected contributing state. We also wish a sound recovery to the 11 injured. We thank the citizens of Mozi and Segovina and political representatives across the country for their expression of solidarity. And we also thank both Chairman Misurovic and members of this council for their condolences. In spite of this strategy, EU4Althea stands ready to continue in the service of safe and secure environment in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in line with its mandate to the UNSC. And of course, the European Union welcomes the renewal of the mandate of EU4Althea by this Council. Colleagues, EU4Althea continues to play a key role in supporting the authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina in maintaining a safe and secure environment for all its citizens. This operation demonstrates the EU's long-lasting commitment to Bosnia and Herzegovina. On 4 October 2026, general elections took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The European Union takes note of the preliminary OSCE ODR assessment that the elections were competitive and orderly despite shortcomings. The EU welcomes the overall successful deployment of new election technologies and commends the Central Election Commission's efforts amid constraints. The EU calls for the swift formation of the new authorities and expects political leaders to engage constructively in line with citizens' EU aspirations in order to build functional institutions. President, the EU emphasizes that the sovereignty, territorial integrity, constitutional order, including Constitutional Court decisions, and international personality of Bosnia and Herzegovina need to be respected. The EU urges all political actors in Bosnia and Herzegovina to refrain from and to renounce provocative, divisive, and secessionist rhetoric and actions. Regarding developments following the death of Radko Mladic, a convicted war criminal responsible for genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity, the EU underlines that the presence and paying tribute by high-ranking politicians and officials at his funeral is deeply regrettable. The EU condemns any glorification of war criminals, genocide denial, and revisionism, which contradict the most fundamental European values and have no place in the EU or in partners who aspire to join the EU. Reconciliation and good neighbourly relations in the Western Balkans remain central to building a common future.

The European Union reaffirms the importance of ongoing cooperation between international actors. We express our support for the High Representative's mission and the Office of the High Representative so as to implement the 5+2 agenda. We hope that an European Union national will be swiftly appointed as the next High Representative. and that this person will embody the H's choice to apply for EU accession. The High Representative must reflect the consensus within the steering board of the Peace Implementation Council, and be a credible actor for local players working with them in an inclusive fashion.

Following the European Council decision in March 2024 to open EU accession negotiations with Bosnia and Herzegovina, the EU urges all political actors to renew the country's focus on progressing on the EU path and to intensify efforts to deliver EU reforms, taking all relevant steps. Bosnia and Herzegovina should, without delay, meet the requirements to benefit from the Reform and Growth Facility. The European Union reiterates its unequivocal commitment to Bosnia and Herzegovina's EU perspective as a single, united, and sovereign country. Thank you, Madam President.

I thank His Excellency Mr. Labrinidis for the statement. I now give the floor to the representative of Serbia.

Madam President, at the outset, allow me to congratulate you on your successful presidency of the Security Council during October. We appreciate your leadership in guiding the Council's recent meeting on Kosovo and Metohija and today's discussion on Bosnia and Herzegovina. Both issues deserve this august body's sustained attention, despite its demanding agenda. Serbia welcomes the unanimous renewal of EUFOR Althea's mandate. Allow me to express our deepest condolences to the families of the four EUFOR personnel who tragically lost their lives in yesterday's helicopter crash near Brcko, as well as the government and people of Italy and the entire EUFOR mission. We also wish those injured a full and speedy recovery. We join others in congratulating Bosnia and Herzegovina on the successful conduct of its general elections. The indisputable acceptance of the result across the political spectrum provides a legitimate basis for forming institutions and should now be translated into responsible governance. The election results underscore that Bosnia and Herzegovina's political difficulties cannot be explained by the reference to a single political figure. Changes of office holder have not diminished support for protecting entity competencies and the constitutional division of responsibilities established by Dayton. This points to a deeper disagreement over how Bosnia and Herzegovina should function as a multi-ethnic state within its agreed constitutional framework. Addressing it requires political dialogue that inspires confidence among all three constituent peoples. The Dayton Agreement provides safeguards essential to that confidence. They enable communities to participate in shared institutions without fear that their vital interests will be overridden. This makes cooperation possible. Bypassing those safeguards in the name of efficiency can therefore weaken the very cooperation that effective government requires. In this context, Serbia's position on Bosnia and Herzegovina remains clear and consistent. We respect its sovereignty and territorial integrity, along with its constitutional order established by the Dayton Peace Agreement: one state, two entities, and three equal constituent peoples, with full respect for the rights of all citizens. These commitments belong together. Serbia has a direct interest in a peaceful, stable, and prosperous Bosnia and Herzegovina. Our own development is closely connected with that of our neighbors. We stand ready to work with the newly elected representatives to strengthen cooperation with the institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina and with the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and to further develop our special parallel relations with Republika Srpska as provided for under Dayton. Mindful of sensitivities surrounding the funeral of Ratko Mladic, allow me to reiterate the following: The funeral of Ratko Mladic was organised by his family. The Serbian authorities provided transport, logistical assistance, and security so the large and highly sensitive public gathering could take place in an orderly and safe manner. The accusations voiced here today also raise the question of on whose behalf they have been made. Speaking on behalf of Bosnia and Herzegovina requires an agreed position within its collective Presidency. In the absence of that agreement, as is the case today, it should be made explicit whose views are being expressed. Otherwise, the views of one political actor and part of the electorate are presented as the position of the country as a whole, equating Bosnia and Herzegovina with one constituent people and a single political perspective. The rhetoric concerning Republika Srpska also deserves attention. On 9 of September, the Minister of Defense of Bosnia and Herzegovina publicly called on the international community to withdraw its signature from the creation of Republika Srpska, adding, "We know what we must do after that." Such language, together with references by other prominent Bosnian political actors to what they call a second-half, is irresponsible and inflammatory. Serbia rejects rhetoric that invokes a return to the conflicts of the 1990s. We equally condemn every crime and honor every victim, regardless of ethnicity. For the Serb side, remembrance of Srebrenica demands humility and reverence for its victims. Srebrenica, however, cannot be the single point of reference for interpreting causes and character of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the suffering of all three peoples. Different interpretations of recent history remain. Nevertheless, we do not need to agree on every historical question to agree that no national cause can justify a crime. Serbia will continue to oppose both the glorification of crimes and the misuse of those crimes as a weapon against an entire people or as a pretext for dismantling the constitutional foundations of peace. Madam President, we particularly welcome the emphasis in a number of statements today on stability, practical cooperation, and the responsibility of domestic leaders. We see clear common ground in support for a Bosnia and Herzegovina whose elected representatives take responsibility for their country's future. This principle has practical consequences. When political actors expect outside pressure to secure their preferred outcome, the incentive to compromise at home becomes weaker. This encourages the pursuit of narrow political agendas through international confrontation in the expectation of securing international support against domestic partners. We believe that solutions to key issues should be the outcome of an internal consensus and a compromise-based agreement that accommodates the interests of both entities and all three constituent peoples in accordance with the Dayton framework. Any solution imposed from the outside or one that fails to take into account the interests of both entities and all three constituent peoples would not be sustainable in the long term. In this regard, we are closely following the process of selecting a new High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina. Madam President, Serbia will remain a constructive partner to Bosnia and Herzegovina and to all who support its peace, development, and European perspective. We are hopeful that the conclusion of the electoral cycle will open a new political phase with renewed efforts within Bosnia and Herzegovina and across the region to advance our shared interests. Together, we can build more prosperous societies strengthen democratic institutions, and move closer to our common European future. I thank you.

I thank the representative of Serbia for the statement. I now give the floor to the representative of Croatia.

Thank you, Madam President. Croatia remains fairly committed to the sovereignty, territorial integrity, constitutional order, and international personality of Bosnia and Herzegovina. as established by the Dayton-Pari s Peace Agreement. Our support for Bosnia and Herzegovina is longstanding and consistent. We believe that its stability and progress depend on full respect for the constitutional framework that ended the war and established the basis for peaceful coexistence. The Dayton-Pari s Peace Agreement remains the cornerstone of peace, institutional balance, and democratic power-sharing in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its principles, including the equality of the three constituent peoples, Croats, Bosniaks, and Serbs, and the rights of all citizens must be respected in practice, not only in abstract. The country's functionality cannot be built by weakening these guarantees, but by making them work effectively for everyone. We welcome the renewal of the EUFOR Althea mandate, which continues to contribute to a safe and secure environment in Bosnia and Herzegovina. We are deeply saddened by the tragic helicopter accident involving UNIFOR personnel yesterday, and we extend our sincere condolences to the families of those who lost their lives, our solidarity with the injured, and our appreciation to all those serving the mission. In turning to the political developments, we welcome the successful conduct of the general elections. The priority now is to form stable, functional, and representative institutions at all levels of government. without unnecessary delay. All political stakeholders should approach this task constructively and in good faith. The post-election period must also bring renewed momentum to reforms essential for Bosnia and Herzegovina's European path, particularly in the rule of law, institutional functionality, and electoral legislation. The election of a Croat member of the Presidency with the genuine democratic support of Croat voters is an important and welcome development. It gives the Croat member a clear democratic mandate from the people she represents, providing the necessary legitimacy for her role and, more broadly, public confidence in the country's institutions. This is important for Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina and for the functioning of the country as a whole. At the same time, one election cycle cannot substitute for a lasting solution. Electoral reform remains necessary to ensure that each constituent people can freely and effectively elect its own legitimate political representatives at any given time. This is not a question of favoring any particular candidate or outcome. It is a question of upholding the constitutional equality on which Bosnia and Herzegovina is founded, and preventing future elections from reproducing the same disputes over political legitimacy. Croatia expects this issue to be addressed through genuine dialogue and towards an agreed systemic solution. We also oppose policies and rhetoric that undermine the Dayton framework and the country's constitutional order, whether through secessionist initiatives or attempts at political centralization that disregard the equality of its constituent peoples. Lasting progress requires respect for the constitutional settlement, mutual restraint, and a willingness to reach workable compromises. Croatia will continue to be a committed partner and advocate of Bosnia and Herzegovina's European future. We stand ready to support its reforms and contribute to its security, energy diversification, and regional connectivity. The objective must be a country whose institutions are effective because they are representative, and whose citizens can look to Europe with confidence. This requires genuine partnership among the three constituent peoples, Croats, Bosniaks, and Serbs, and with all citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Its European future is not only a national aspiration; it is a shared interest in the stability and prosperity of the entire region. I thank you.

I thank the representative of Croatia for the statement. The representative of Bosnia and Herzegovina has asked for the floor to make a further statement. I give them the floor.

Thank you, Madam Chair. I want to point out to distinguished colleague from Serbia that Chairman of the Presidency, Mr. Bocirovic, was outlining the platform for the shared future along his mandate and pathways based on the lessons learned from our tragic past. But neglecting him right, that he is legitimate chairman of the presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and neglecting the right to speak on behalf of the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina, it goes in a history of already seen and repeated approach. And this is, to a certain extent, statement that we heard in here is logical closing of the malign, maligant interventions. I have heard this floor for years. of the outgoing Serbian leadership that people of Serbia, led by a new coalition of students, sent to darker side of our shared history. I'm not neglecting you the right to talk on behalf of outgoing leadership of Serbia, and you're still legitimate representative here, and you're talking about leadership that is still running the Serbia, but I do not want to challenge the idea about what I'm going to hear when next time we speak in here, and we hear the voices of the new Serbia in this very Security Council of Regional Cooperation and Bosnia and Herzegovina future as well. And the last point, I just want to be very clear, because obviously the lessons we always supposed to learn about the legal fact called genocide in Srebrenica as a legal fact that was defined by rule of law, international institution called ICTY. Some in this chamber may have forgotten their humanity, but we refuse to do so. When referring to the funeral of Butcher Balkan, words here were spoken on behalf of the victims. I was not the only one. Chairman of the Presidency was not the only one. A lot of members of Security Council was talking about it. But we were all speaking on behalf of the victims, on behalf of all those in Bosnia and Herzegovina, all, all, who will still have their humanity in place and find it terrifying and reprehensible, the attitude of Serbia glorifying a person that was responsible for so much pain in my country, and in your country as well. So on the nature of the conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Srebrenica is not representative. But it is a result of an aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina, again confirmed by ICTY judgment on the international nature of this conflict. I don't want to talk and comment the future Serbian government, but I'm hopeful about it.

I thank the representative of Bosnia and Herzegovina for the statement. I now give the floor To the representative of Serbia, who has asked to make a further statement.

Madam President, it may not be surprising, but it is nevertheless regrettable that both the statements and the extended remarks delivered on behalf of Bosnia and Herzegovina follow the same line of promoting a particular political approach. to the country's long-standing challenges while directing accusation at its neighbors. This is particularly regrettable because both Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia are entering a new political cycle, which could, and we sincerely hope, should provide an opportunity for more constructive engagement, focused on shared interests and common ground. Continuing to pursue narrow, one-sided political agendas through confrontation is unlikely to produce different results. It will only deepen existing divisions and mutual mistrust, especially when inflammatory language that we could hear today is employed. Pursuing the old policy line keeps the country post-war, but not post-conflict. Constitutional disagreements cannot be resolved by disregarding the democratic legitimacy of elected representatives. We need the courage and vision to build a new policy approach. This kind of approach is fully consistent with the views expressed here today that we consider helpful and responsible. They can help overcome the existing interior based on the assumption that more of the same approach will produce different results. rather than deeper internal divisions and unhelpful external dependence. Bosnia and Herzegovina has an opportunity, following the recent elections, to move towards a more constructive period of political cooperation. We remain hopeful that all political actors in Bosnia and Herzegovina will seize this opportunity. I thank you.

I thank the representative of Serbia for the statement. The representative of Bosnia and Herzegovina has asked for the floor to make a further statement.

Thank you, Madam Chair. I'm impressed with the speed of reflection on my reflection. And really, i mean, reading that reflection on my reflection before I even said it is really very, very encouraging for the, as my dear present colleague said, yes, I agree with you. We are entering the new political cycle. I do agree with it. People of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as people of Serbia in last month, said clearly what they want, who they want, and we will see that new leadership in Serbia and new leadership in Bosnia and Herzegovina. I really hope that we will witness the new cycle, as you said, in new political, that we're entering a new political cycle, cycle of cooperation based on truth, justice, and mutual understanding. talking on behalf of ourselves, not meddling into each other's territory. I wish you good luck.

I thank the representative of Bosnia and Herzegovina for the statement. There are no more names inscribed on the list of speakers. The meeting is adjourned.