Sudan and South Sudan - Security Council, 10268th meeting
Security Council
Date: 10 November 2026
Language: English
Transcript: https://transcripts.un.org/en/sc/10268
Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.

---

Latvia · President of the Security Council [15:03]:

The 10,268th meeting of the Security Council is called to order. The provisional agenda for this meeting is: Report of the Secretary-General on the Sudan and South Sudan. The agenda is adopted. In accordance with rule 37 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure, I invite the representatives of South Africa and South Sudan to participate in this meeting. It is so decided. In accordance with rule 39 of the Council's provisional rules of procedure, I invite the following briefers to participate in this meeting: Ms. Anita Kiki Bebo, Special Representative of the Secretary-General for South Sudan and Head of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan; His Excellency Mr. Zakaya Mirechu Kikwete, African Union High Representative for the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea; and Mr. Muthi Mutiga, Africa Programme Director, International Crisis Group. It is so decided. The Security Council will now begin its consideration of item 2 of the agenda. I wish to draw the attention of Council members to document S/2026/853, the report of the Secretary General on the situation in South Sudan. I now give the floor to Ms. Anita Kiki Beho.


UNMISS · SRSG for South Sudan; Head of UNMISS [16:47]:

Thank you for this opportunity to brief the Security Council. Madam President, with just 42 days until South Sudan’s planned first elections as a sovereign state, the country is at a critical juncture. Since my last briefing, elections have dominated the political discourse, while the consensus around the transition has become increasingly fragile. The central challenge facing South Sudan today is whether the transition remains anchored in the revitalized peace agreement and whether the gains of recent years can be preserved and sustained beyond the elections. Madam President, legislative amendments to the National Elections Act were adopted on September 21. The Transitional Government of National Unity was dissolved on September 22 and replaced by a caretaker administration that same day. The government has consistently maintained that these measures are intended to facilitate elections and advance the transition. In my engagements with government officials, I have found a clear determination to proceed with the elections on 22 December. While the inter-party dialogue was conducted and its outcome remains pending, some opposition groups remained outside the process. The SPLMA-IO has maintained that the release of Dr. Riad Matra is a prerequisite for its participation in dialogue. Key concerns about preparedness persist, including security arrangements, logistics, the National Electoral Commission's ability to deliver elections within an extremely compressed timeframe, and the implementation of outstanding provisions of the peace agreement. The recent political challenges or the recent political changes also fall short of achieving the peace agreement's 35% quota for women's representation. The Sudan People's Liberation Movement is already conducting its nationwide primaries, while very limited electoral activity has been observed among other registered political parties. As I noted in my last briefing, elections must be a milestone in the transition, not its conclusion. Elections cannot substitute for political dialogue, confidence building, and continued implementation of the peace agreement. Madam President, on the security front, the picture has become more complex. The fragile political landscape has not resulted in the large-scale conflict of the kind previously experienced. Our data shows that armed confrontations between the principal signatories have generally declined. However, year to date, the number of people killed, injured, and displaced has increased. Local grievances, factional divisions, and competition over resources have increased and undermined confidence in the broader security environment. For example, in Jonglei, confrontations involving government and opposition-aligned local forces, combined with the mobilization of armed youth, continue to threaten civilians and undermine stability. In Unity State, divisions within the SPLM-A/IO have contributed to clashes around Leer and Rappakona counties. Violence in Rumbek and Greater Tonj counties last month, which reportedly left more than 140 people dead, is a stark reminder of the human cost of local conflicts. Communal violence remains a principal driver of civilian harm, accounting for more than 60% of reported casualties this year. Overall, addressing local tensions, strengthening accountability, ensuring governance mechanisms are capable of deterring violence, and resolving disputes are needed at all levels. Madam President, UNMISS is going or is doing its utmost to support prevention and response measures in line with Security Council resolution 2820. For example, in Rumbek, UNMISS rapidly deployed to help protect civilians, secure the local hospital, and assist humanitarian partners. In Moundri East County, local conflict prevention efforts also contributed to the release of 72 abductees. UNMISS has further streamlined its structure following an internal review and adapted its posture to align resources more closely with mandate priorities and areas of greater risk. Force and police are also implementing recommendations from the military and police capability study requested by the Council, including rebalancing the troop ratio between support and patrolling elements. The mission's recalibration is yielding results. The mission has doubled its force protection tasks in support of humanitarians, enabling lifesaving assistance to reach more than 321,000 vulnerable people since my last brief. Madam President, these efforts are not without challenges and risks. In August, during a mission to a conflict area in Jonglei, Three peacekeepers were killed. UN and national counterparts were injured. We extend our condolences to their families for the loss of their loved ones who gave their lives in the service of peace. Our ability to fully deliver on the mandate also depends on being able to move freely, safely, and predictably throughout the country. Freedom of movement is a protection issue. Humanitarian access constraints have increased by 38% over the past year. Delays in acknowledgements, including for force protection, affected Ebola preparedness activities and humanitarian drought assessments in parts of the Equatorias. Despite some assurances, UNMISS also continues to face movement restrictions in conflict-affected areas, including along the Sobat River corridor, limiting the mission’s ability to respond to protection concerns and support humanitarian operations. Madam President, unfortunately, the humanitarian situation continues to worsen. Approximately 10 million people require some form of humanitarian assistance. 1.4 million people have crossed into South Sudan since fighting broke out in Sudan. An estimated 7.5 million people are food insecure. The number of people at risk of famine has increased. Climate change will further impact the prolonged dry spells and anticipated El Nino-induced flooding. The regional Ebola outbreak adds another layer of risk and underscores the need for preparedness, cooperation, and response. If left unaddressed, political, security, and humanitarian challenges risk reinforcing one another, further exacerbating tensions and vulnerabilities across the country. Madam President, as parts of the Greater Horn of Africa continue to confront conflict, displacement, and public health challenges, promoting stability in South Sudan remains a regional and international imperative. Over this period, I have intensified engagement to help prevent escalation and preserve political space. This has included engagements with President Salva Kiir and national stakeholders, outreach with neighboring countries, strengthened coordination with former President Kiir, and regular consultations with the African Union and IGAD and the broader diplomatic community in Juba. I welcome the continued efforts of the region and the AU High Representative Kikwete to implement the C5+ recommendations and establish a joint AU-UN-IGAD mechanism to support these engagements. The region can play an important role in encouraging consensus on the next phase of the transition. However, The responsibility for charting the way forward rests with the South Sudanese leaders. Renewed dialogue is needed now to focus on establishing a clear and credible roadmap for completing the outstanding provisions of the revitalized peace agreement. This would help build confidence, reduce uncertainty, and address some of the root causes of the conflict beyond the electoral period. Madam President, allow me to conclude with four messages. First, the fighting must stop. All parties must exercise restraint, protect civilians, and uphold the ceasefire. Second, Unhindered humanitarian access and unimpeded freedom of movement saves lives and must be guaranteed in practice, not just in principle. Third, political dialogue cannot wait. South Sudan's leaders should engage in an expanded and inclusive dialogue on the remaining provisions of the agreement and the path beyond elections. Fourth, support the AU C5+ declaration of 29 September, particularly its call for expanded and inclusive political dialogue on the remaining milestones of the peace agreement and the consideration of the release of all political detainees. Ultimately, The challenge facing South Sudan is not simply whether elections can be held on December 22nd or not. It is whether the transition can preserve peace, strengthen political confidence, and deliver on the commitments made to the people of South Sudan. The true measure of success is simple: whether South Sudanese citizens are safer tomorrow than they are today. I thank you.


Latvia · President of the Security Council [29:34]:

I thank Ms. Behou for her briefing, and I now give the floor to His Excellency Mr. Jakaya Mryishuku Kwekete.


AU · High Representative for the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea [29:49]:

Thank you very much, Madam President, for the opportunity. It's an honor for me to appear before this esteemed organ of the United Nations, I was appointed the AU Special Envoy for the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea in March this year. In my meeting with the chairperson of the African Union Commission, he specified my mandate would cover South Sudan. If there is going to be another mandate later, it will be decided by him. He briefed me on the situation in South Sudan and what was expected of me. After my meeting with the Chair of the AU Commission, I met His Excellency Cyril Ramaphosa, President of South Africa, who is the Chair of the African Union Ad Hoc High Level Committee on South Sudan. The committee was established by the African Union Summit in 2014, after the breakout of the fighting in 2013 between forces loyal to President Salva Kiir and those loyal to his first Vice President Riek Machar. The other members of the committee are the presidents of Nigeria, Rwanda, Algeria, and Chad. Well, it was in February 2006, the special meeting of the C5 that the committee decided that a special envoy at the level of the former president or head of state should be appointed on South Sudan. That is how the chair appointed me. Well, President Ramaphosa briefed me on the situation. and the decision of the committee and what was again expected of me. After meeting the chair of the C5 and the chair of the African Union Commission, I visited President Museveni of Uganda. I visited with President Ruto of Kenya, and the Prime Minister of Ethiopia, Abiy Ahmed. But the purpose of my visits was really to get useful advice. that would help me advance my work. It turned out to be very useful, because all of them share a common border, and they are regularly involved in the issues in South Sudan. I undertook two visits to South Sudan, one in April from 8th to the 9th this year, and the second was from the 17th to the 23rd of June this year. Well, during my visit to, my first visit and my second visit as well, I met the president. I met the group of ministers who are signatories to the 2018 agreement, also held meetings with the political parties, SPLM, SPLM in opposition of Riek Machar, and South Sudanese Opposition Alliance, SOA. I had meetings with the civil society organizations who were together with academia and faith-based organizations. I also met African ambassadors separately. I also met the Troika plus US, UK. Norway, Netherlands and Germany, because later also the EU ambassador. Well, to cap it all, I also met representatives of the UN mission, UN mission. I'm glad Kiki is here. We have very excellent working relations. I met the representative of the AU, the head of the AU mission. EGAT and the RJI-MAC. But in my discussions, I learned a lot about the political and security situation from the perspective of the people that I met. All admitted that there is a problem, political and security problem in South Sudan. I met nobody who denied that there was no problem. Also, they admitted that notable progress had been made in the implementation of the revitalized agreement on resolution of conflict in South Sudan, 2018 agreement. But also, they acknowledged that there are significant challenges, that significant challenges remain. The government of national unity was in place at that time. But there were violations, particularly on the power sharing agreement. Of course, the accusation from the SPLM-IO has been that the government has been unilaterally removing members of the SPLM-IO and replacing them with SPLM in government. Of course, this has created a lot of real feelings on the part of the Riek Machar party. The SPLM-I also complained about the arrest and trial of its leader, Riek Machar, and some of accompanying leaders of their movement. They considered it politically motivated. During my meeting with the civil society organizations and other actors, of course, they also confirmed there was worrisome political secrecy There was a worrisome political security tension in the country, but they related it to the sour relations between the two top leaders, the president and his first vice president. Well, and there's several sort of organizations, many said, in their opinion, if the two leaders could reconcile their differences, the South Sudan will have a lasting peace. immediately? Well, there were assertions that there was fighting in many places in the country, as Kiki has just confirmed. But the government and the opposition, between the government and the opposition armed groups, but also they were fighting in the communities, in communities. Because the government blames it on Riek Machar and his SPLA-IO, whereas the opposition, of course, is also blaming the government provocation on the positions that the SPLM-IO is holding. Of course, there was a complaint that the government also has failed to implement the security sector reforms, particularly the establishment of the new national army, which was made from the unification of the various armed groups. Because many people in the CSO organizations and opposition parties applauded the decision declaration. Of course, particularly, they singled out the all-inclusive dialogue. and the release of political parties, and several others. When I met the president, he informed me of his commitment to hold elections in December 2026, as directed in the 2018 agreement, but also as emphasized by the C5 declaration, because he made two He was thinking of making two. He spoke of the intention to dealing the conclusion of the permanent constitution and the population census. In the 2018 agreement, it was agreed that before the elections, the government has to make sure that there is a permanent constitution in place and the population census. But in view of the time, this was June, and the elections are supposed to be in December. And the life of the government was to expire in January. The government thought that they would not have time to hold a parliament to conclude the permanent constitution, but also to conduct the population census. So that's why they were drinking. They sent it to parliament, and the parliament agreed that they should be delayed. In my second visit, I focused on the election preparedness and the security situation. On the election preparedness, I met the three institutions that were responsible or are responsible for the elections. The National Electoral Commission, which are the actual organizers of the elections, the Political Parties Council, which is the registrar of political parties for the elections, Also, the Constitution Review Commission, which had been tasked with the making of the permanent constitution. Of course, all of them expressed readiness to commit to a work, but of course, they expressed logistical challenges. The Electoral Commission said they did not have enough resources. They had asked for $276 million. At that time, they were only given $21 million. And we were only, that was June, and the elections were supposed to be in December, because they announced the date when I was in Juba, which to me, it gave me a lot of worries. Of course, the political parties had problems with their capacity to register, to confirm the information they were getting from the political parties. But they said they will just accept them as they are, they will do the verification after the elections. Because the Constitution Review Commission had said they had covered a lot of ground. Of course, the government here could not support them much, but the EU supported them in doing that work, and they were left with only the work of of drafting, the drafting of the constitution itself. And of course, it has been awaited the president to appoint the team, the people to start working on that. In my meeting with the security sector, I asked the president if I could see them, and he said, it's fine. So I met the chief of defense forces. together with the chief of police, inspector general of police. I met the chief of security, internal security. Well, in my discussions, of course, my interest has been on what is being thought about the fighting going on. They said, of course, there was fighting in some places, but it was the country was peaceful. But one thing they told me is that between the three institutions, they are capable of ensuring the security of South Sudan before, during, and after the elections. Well, of course, I went back to the African Union to report on my observations. And of course, the African Union, after my report, they sent a fact, an election preparedness assessment mission led by the former foreign minister of Nigeria, because he came up with a report which was sent to the African Union, and they came up with a sum of work. Again, they also felt that there were issues of concern with regards to preparedness for the elections, because they also convened a summit of the C5. on 30th of September, which I was also invited to brief them. I also briefed them. Of course, I've been following up now with the processes of the electoral commission. And at some point, I was told that they got some money to continue to do their work. And the latest I got, I think they also get one African country has volunteered to contribute. to continue to assist the electoral commission. And with that assistance, I think they are now ready to start the voter registration. Of course, it's only 42 days left, as Kiki has said, to complete the process. It will be a good time for the elections. That's another, a lot of speeding up has got to be undertaken. So, what I can really say is that there's a lot of work that needs to be done, and we think the UN Security Council, the African Union should continue to work together with Liberia, because we have to make sure that the elections work. and the elections are conducted well, because if they are not conducted well, the crisis will begin again immediately after the elections, and you cannot contemplate what would happen. Of course, that is one. The government does not seem to have enough resources to be able to to finance these elections. That's why they need support in some countries. Some have expressed readiness, but some have not yet. So whatever can be done to assist the government of South Sudan so that at least we have peaceful elections under the circumstances, so that we don't have to end up with a bigger political and security crisis. Of course, that's the appeal that I can make. The second thing that I would like to appeal is that we have to take interest, we have to assist them to ensure that the security The security sector reform is implemented, yes? The inclusive dialogue is also implemented. You may not be able to do the dialogue now before the elections, but I believe soon after the elections, Everything must be done to have an all-inclusive dialogue. It will help heal the nation. But if that does not happen, then we will go to the post-election period with the wounds, the dissatisfaction. South Sudan may not be in the best of situations. So I believe the Security Council can help, can assist with the security sector reform. Also, a word from, a message from the Security Council on all-inclusive dialogue is also important. And again, the C5 had proposed a mechanism jointly by the Security Council, by the UN, AU, and IGAD, and we wish that to be implemented at the earliest possible time so as to be able to remain seized with the situation in South Sudan. Thank you, Madam Chair.


Latvia · President of the Security Council [47:48]:

I thank His Excellency Mr. Kikwete for his briefing, and I now give the floor to Mr. Murithi Mutiga.


ICG · ICG · Africa Programme Director [47:57]:

Thank you, President. I'm honored to address the Security Council today on behalf of the International Crisis Group. Crisis Group is a global organization committed to the prevention, mitigation, and resolution of deadly conflict. Through our on-the-ground presence, we monitor more than 70 crises and conflict situations around the world. Excellencies, South Sudan faces multiple and overlapping challenges. For eight years, the country's fragile peace was underwritten by a 2018 accord, which forged a power-sharing agreement between the country's two prominent political leaders, President Salva Kiir and former First Vice President Riak Machar. With that agreement unraveling, internal fighting has surged, driving the country back towards large-scale violence and compounding a severe humanitarian emergency. Roughly 10 million people need urgent aid, 7.8 million face acute hunger, and sexual violence is widespread. Fighting has forced hundreds of thousands from their homes. Acute climatic stresses amplify the suffering. An estimated 95% of the population are vulnerable to environmental shocks, one of the highest proportions anywhere in the world. In 2025, extreme flooding across several regions displaced over 375,000 people. In 2026, prolonged drought has affected nearly 4 million people. and devastated crops and livestock. These environmental pressures feed competition for scarce resources that often turns violent. Political dysfunction related to the breakdown of the 2018 peace accord, however, is the primary contributor to South Sudan's growing security crisis. A number of actions by authorities in Juba account for the deal's gradual collapse. I will name three in particular. First, in March 2025, President Kiir placed First Vice President Riek Machar under house arrest. Machar was then charged with treason, for which he is currently standing trial. In addition, in May 2026, the Kiir administration replaced opposition lawmakers and installed supporters in their place. The president then worked with the new legislature to strip away the key requirements in the 2018 agreement that were meant to help ensure that the country's first post-impediment elections would be viewed as legitimate. The government is no longer required to conduct a national census and facilitate a permanent constitution before elections take place. Finally, in September 2026, President Kiir dissolved what was left of the country's unity government, replacing it with a loyalist caretaker cabinet and sidelining all vice presidents. Elections were expected to be a major milestone in the implementation of the 2018 peace deal, but the conditions for credible polls are not currently in place. With the authorities still expressing their intent to move forward on December 22nd, 2026, and opposition groups rejecting this effort, we are concerned that rushed elections could be a decisive final blow to the 2018 framework and would open the door to a return to sustained large-scale violence. Meanwhile, domestic security is deteriorating. Since late December 2025, the Sudan People's Liberation Army in Opposition Fighting in tandem with regular military defectors and armed Nuer youth, has engaged national forces in battles across Northern Jonglei and Eastern Upper Nile states. With its formal armed forces stretched, the administration in Juba has turned to allied ethnic auxiliaries to wage pacification campaigns marked by scorched earth tactics, mass displacement, and deliberate attacks on civilians. Beyond internal divisions, the brutal conflict across the border in Sudan continues to cast a long, destabilizing shadow across South Sudan. More than 1.3 million displaced persons and returnees have crossed back into South Sudan from its northern neighbor, exhausting communal resources and removing an important source of diaspora remittances. Sudan's civil war has also disrupted South Sudan's ability to transport its key export oil to the Red Sea ports and global markets. Shrinking oil revenues have left the treasury in Juba largely insolvent. Armed forces go without pay, with many troops turning instead to predation on vulnerable civilians. The government is unable to sustain its political patronage networks. Excellencies, in the decade and a half since independence, South Sudan civilians have paid too high a price amid repeated bouts of civil war. Preventing a new cycle of sustained conflict is a humanitarian and security imperative, made all the more urgent by wider regional strife. The United Nations Mission in South Sudan, UNMISS, cannot by itself be expected to contain the spiraling crisis. This is a moment that requires urgent diplomacy by regional and global partners. To this end, Crisis Group has the following five recommendations. First, international actors need to come together in a more unified, better coordinated diplomatic push. The Security Council and regional partners should consolidate their political support firmly behind African Union High representative, Jakaya Kikwete. He, in turn, should work in lockstep with African Union's high-level ad hoc committee known as the C5, which is chaired by South Africa, and also work alongside South Sudan neighbors, Kenya, Uganda, and Ethiopia, as we already heard he's doing. Second, unlocking the political impasse surrounding Riek Machar remains an indispensable, if delicate, step required to halt further bloodshed. To date, Juba has denied High Representative Kikwete, the AU Commission Chairperson, and other envoys permission to meet with Machar and rejected mediation efforts on this issue. Regional capitals and members of the Security Council should therefore continue to press Juba to permit outside actors, particularly the AU High Representative, access to Marial so that he can facilitate an exchange over how to diffuse the political and security crisis. The goals of this diplomacy should be for Juba to drop the charges against Machar and for belligerent forces to reach a new nationwide cessation of hostilities, particularly between government forces and those allied to Machar. The AU C5, neighboring countries, and South Sudan's international partners should also discourage President Salva Kiir from a rush toward elections before there is political consensus that the country is ready and the results will be viewed as legitimate. Whether or not the December elections proceed, mediators should endeavor in the medium term to assemble an inclusive political dialogue amongst all Sudanese factions, including those opposed to the government, which can begin to chart a course for the country's political future. Fourth, despite mounting budget pressures and severe movement restrictions, the army's presence remains vital. We encourage the Security Council and UN officials to offer support and encouragement to the mission in seeking to implement its mandate for a mobile, flexible, and robust posture. As a practical matter, this will mean establishing mobile temporary operating bases and intensifying targeted patrols along primary conflict flashpoints and relief supply lines. This deployment pattern is necessary to enhance early warning, safeguard emergency food convoys, and deter auxiliary militia incursions. Finally, we urge Council members to vigorously back the Mission’s existing mandate on climate-related security threats. We also encourage the Mission to continue making gender considerations an important focus of its protection and good offices work. Excellencies, the people of South Sudan have endured decades of compounding tragedy. They are entitled to a future founded on genuine peace, physical security, and sustainable self-reliance. International actors can and should help them finally realize the promise of their hard-won independence. I thank you, President.


Latvia · President of the Security Council [57:50]:

I thank Mr. Mutiga for his briefing. I now give the floor to those Council members who wish to make statements. And I give the floor to the representative of the United States.


United States of America [58:03]:

Thank you, Madam President, and thank you to all of our briefers this morning. In April, this Council adopted a streamlined mandate that gave UNMIS a clear purpose. help prevent a return to civil war by protecting civilians, enabling humanitarian access, and monitoring the peace agreement. Our expectation is simple: UNMISS must carry out that mandate, and only that mandate. Every peacekeeper, every patrol, and every dollar must serve these core tasks. The United States condemns in the strongest terms the August 24th attack on UNMISS force protection convoy in the Jonglei State, killing three peacekeepers and injuring UN personnel and police. We extend our deepest condolences to the families of the fallen and to the Ethiopian Government. Attacks on peacekeepers may constitute war crimes. The transitional government must swiftly investigate this attack and hold the perpetrators accountable. Regrettably, that kind of accountability remains absent. In October, the Secretary General reported that the transitional government provided no update on accountability for the abductions of four UN staff and humanitarian personnel held for ransom in August. This impunity invites other attacks. The transitional government also continues to obstruct the very mission it agreed to host. It blocks unmissed patrols, stalls approvals, and harasses UN personnel. This is not an administrative problem. It is a deliberative choice by the transitional government. Every delay puts civilians at risk. The Security Council must make clear to South Sudan that UNMISS does not need permission to carry out its mandate. The transitional government must end all obstructions and respect UNMISS’s unrestricted use of its bases. It must also cease imposing costs that the international community is then forced to pay. The same obstruction is choking the humanitarian operations. This is simply unacceptable. Meanwhile, South Sudan's leaders' actions continue to increase the risk of renewed civil war. South Sudan's leaders must immediately cease hostilities, return to genuine, inclusive dialogue, and start using their considerable public revenue to appropriately support their own people. Our position is unequivocal: Stop the continued obstruction of UNMISS. Stop the attacks on peacekeepers. and stop the pursuit of war. These are decisive factors in our future decisions regarding assistance, diplomatic engagement, and this mission’s future. Thank you.


Latvia · President of the Security Council [1:01:06]:

I thank the representative of the United States for her statement, and I will now give the floor to the representative of the United Kingdom.


United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland [1:01:14]:

Thank you, Madam President, and I thank Special Representative Behold, High Representative Kikwete, and Murithi Mtiga for their briefings. I also welcome the representation of the representatives of South Sudan and South Africa to this meeting. I begin by expressing our condolences to the families of the three UN peacekeepers killed in Jonglei in August, and wish those injured a swift recovery. The United Kingdom condemns attacks against UN peacekeepers who work in extraordinary, difficult circumstances to protect civilians. We recall that attacks on peacekeepers may constitute war crimes. I will make three points. First, South Sudan is approaching a critical point in its transition. The South Sudanese people have the right to choose their leaders and to hold them to account, but elections must seek to contribute to peace and stability. not deepen division or become a substitute for political process. The establishment of new caretaker arrangements, while key provisions of the 2018 peace agreement remain unfulfilled, has further weakened political consensus at a critical moment. All parties must now uphold the ceasefire, open political and civic space, and engage seriously in inclusive dialogue. We welcome the efforts of the African Union, IGAD, Special Representative Bayho, and High Representative Quikertey to support this. Second, political instability and violence are worsening an already devastating humanitarian crisis. Renewed conflict is forcing families from their homes. It is deepening hunger and making it harder for humanitarian organizations to reach those most in need. Conflict across the region is adding to these pressures. With almost 8 million people facing acute food insecurity, protecting civilians and preserving humanitarian access must be a priority. The South Sudanese authorities must ensure safe, timely, and unhindered humanitarian access and seek to protect humanitarian workers. Public resources continue to be mismanaged, with essential services severely unfunded. With just 2% of the national budget spent on health and education, the consequences are felt most acutely by ordinary South Sudanese. Third, UNMISS remains indispensable to the protection of civilians. We commend the mission's work to deter violence, to protect communities, and enable humanitarian access. But restrictions imposed by the caretaker government continue to obstruct that work. The authorities must honour the Status of Forces Agreement and allow UNMIS to operate without obstruction. At this particularly fragile moment, the mission must have the freedom of movement it needs to protect civilians. I thank you.


Latvia · President of the Security Council [1:04:20]:

I thank the representative of the United Kingdom for the statement, and I will now give the floor to the representative of Liberia.


Liberia · A3 [1:04:27]:

Thank you, Madam President. Thank you. I have the honor to deliver this statement on behalf of the A3, namely the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Somalia, and my own country, Liberia. We thank the briefers and welcome South Sudan and South Africa's participation. We reaffirm our support for South Sudan's sovereignty, independence, unity, and territorial integrity, as well as our solidarity with its government and people. The transition faces a test of political will. An election should give citizens confidence in their future, not new reasons to fear it. We condemn the 24th August ambush in Jonglei that killed three UNMIS peacekeepers, extend our condolences, and wish the injured a full recovery. We urge investigation and accountability, and welcome the conviction for the December 2025 murder of a UNMISS national staff member. We take note of the caretaker administration and encourage dialogue and consensus. As reaffirmed in the 23rd October AU-UN Council's joint communique, the revitalized agreement remains the basis of transitional legitimacy. Changes require genuine dialogue among its parties. We urge respect for the permanent ceasefire and for national reconciliation, consideration of the release of political detainees. We welcome the government's engagement with the AU, IGAD, and regional partners, and support African-led efforts Baha' representative, former President Jakaya Kikwete, the AU Peace and Security Council, and the C5. The 29th September C5+ Declaration offers a platform for engagement with groups outside the dialogue, including the mainstream SPLM-A/IO. and non-signatories to build electoral consensus. We acknowledge preparations by the government and national institutions for the 22 December elections, including nationwide civic and voter education. The Secretary-General’s assessment, nevertheless, requires urgent attention. Broad agreement on electoral rules, predictable financing, impartial security, and credible dispute resolution are essential. Political and civic space must be protected with meaningful participation by women, consistent with the 35% quota, alongside youth and civil society. We encourage coordinated UN, AU, EGAD, and ARJMEG engagement and timely Council updates. Assistance should support nationally owned arrangements commanding broad confidence. As the C5+ urged, The electoral roadmap must guarantee completion of deferred security reforms and constitution making after elections. UNMIS verified 514 civilians killed during the reporting period. We condemn attacks on civilians, conflict-related sexual violence, and grave violations against children. All parties must end these violations, release children from their ranks, and ensure accountability. Early warning and community dialogue must translate into timely protection. Regional instability, particularly the conflict in neighboring Sudan, compounds humanitarian and economic pressures. With 73,300 people facing catastrophic food insecurity and the response plan only 38.1% funded, sustained international solidarity is essential. We call for increased national resources and predictable donor support, including anticipatory action against floods and drought. Humanitarian personnel must be protected and access safe, timely, and unhindered. UNMISS remains indispensable. We commend its protection and peace efforts, despite its reduced footprint and constrained resources. Restriction on movement, weakening protections as risks rise. We call on the government to fulfill its status of forces obligations and on the council to ensure resources and capabilities match the mission's mandate. The A3 stands with South Sudan's people. We call on its leaders to restore consensus. Success will be measured by whether citizens can exercise their rights safely and trust that the outcome reflects their freely expressed choice. And I thank you.


Latvia · President of the Security Council [1:11:21]:

I thank the representative of Liberia for his statement, and I will now give the floor to the representative of China.


China [1:11:32]:

President. I thank Special Representative Gbeho and High Representative Kikwete for their briefings. I also listened attentively to the statement by the representative of the civil society organization. I welcome the representatives of South Sudan and South Africa to this meeting. With the date for the general elections set by the South Sudanese Government just over a month away, the political process in South Sudan has entered a crucial phase. The international community should step up support for the cause of peace and development in South Sudan and provide assistance in the following four aspects: First, support for the smooth conduct of the general elections. The general elections have been the long-standing aspiration of the South Sudanese people since independence 15 years ago. China calls upon all political parties and ethnic communities in South Sudan to put the country's political priorities and the people's fundamental interests first, immediately cease hostilities, De-escalate tensions, finalize the relevant arrangements for the elections through inclusive and friendly consultations among political parties, and do their utmost to prevent elections from causing conflict and turmoil. We welcome the commitment by relevant countries to provide logistical and technical support to South Sudan's general elections. The international community should jointly extend a helping hand to South Sudan to respond to difficulties and challenges such as inadequate electoral resources, support the electoral institutions in fulfilling their duties, and ensure the smooth and orderly conduct of the elections. Second, advancing an inclusive political process. Elections are not the end of the peace process. The parties should abide by and continue implementing the revitalized agreement to constantly enhance the international community's confidence in the peace process. We welcome the holding of the special summit of the AU High-Level Ad Hoc Committee for South Sudan. Support High Representative Kiwikit in leading regional mediation efforts and encourage the UN to strengthen coordination with AU and IGAD through the trilateral mechanism for the parties to build political consensus more effectively. The international community should respect the sovereignty of South Sudan and the independent choices of the South Sudanese people, demonstrate necessary patience and confidence, and provide more constructive support. Third, alleviation of the economic and humanitarian crises. South Sudan is facing multiple challenges, including droughts, floods, and disease outbreaks, among others. Yet the country is still willing to host large numbers of Sudanese refugees, and many humanitarian agencies are providing support despite various difficulties. China appreciates this. Attacks on humanitarian workers are unacceptable. All parties to the conflict must comply with international humanitarian law and ensure safe and unimpeded humanitarian access. The international community should step up support for South Sudan to improve the humanitarian situation and better guarantee food and other basic supplies, while also helping the country improve infrastructure, enhance public services such as employment, education, and health, and strengthen economic resilience and capacity for sustainable development, so as to break the cycle of poverty and conflict at its root. Fourth, guarantees for the mandate delivery of AMIS. China strongly condemns the attacks on the peacekeepers of AMIS and supports expedited investigations for accountability. As a major TCC to AMIS, China has always supported the work of SRSG Gbeho and encouraged the Government of South Sudan to engage in friendly consultations with AMIS based on mutual respect and understanding, and to continue facilitating the Mission’s deployment and operations so as to jointly promote stability in South Sudan. According to the Secretary-General's report on the Military and Police Capability Study, UNMISS is facing challenges such as the shortage of personnel and mobility constraints. The Security Council should guarantee necessary resources and capabilities for the mission's continued mandate delivery. China supports UNMISS in building its capacity in social innovation and sustainable development, and enhancing capabilities in early warning and conflict management. among others, in areas of drawdown and supports AMIS in fulfilling its mandate through concrete actions. President, as a good friend of South Sudan, China firmly supports the country in safeguarding its sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity, supports the South Sudanese people in exploring a development path suited to their national conditions, and supports the South Sudanese parties in engaging in close dialogue and consultation, stepping up unity and cooperation, and advancing the political transition in an orderly manner so as to achieve lasting peace, development, and prosperity in the country at an early date, and to make greater contributions to safeguarding regional peace and stability. I thank you, President.


Latvia · President of the Security Council [1:16:43]:

I thank the representative of China for the statement, and I will now give the floor to the representative of Colombia.


Colombia [1:16:50]:

Thank you, Madam President. I thank the Special Representative Ghebou. High Representative Kikwete and Director Mutiga for their briefings. I also greet the delegations in the Chamber. There are no conflicts alike, but certainly South Sudan has it all. And this is one of the most overwhelming and more difficult challenges we face, and we are arriving to a defining moment, undoubtedly. Since the last elections in 2011, now having the chance just one month to get these elections in the middle of everything, that is dire humanitarian conditions, as we know, four years of severe weather that have led to famine, having short cuts in everything, even the World Food Program has short cuts to humanitarian aid. shortcuts in police enforcement, ability to face public order, having the opposition leader detained right before we are going to these elections, and a political situation which is not stable in the country, makes the perfect storm for something to go wrong. And this is why. The Security Council at the United Nations must follow through this process very closely, and we need updates. We need the international community engaged, all the support we can, not just institutional, but economic, because this election, this upcoming pending election in December, is certainly a defining moment in the conflict. Either we get it right and we have a path for peace, or we don't, we have a path for another conflict. So we cannot allow these impending elections to become a conflict on its own. Therefore, the role of the persons, the briefers, and the institutions and United Nations is critical at this very moment. We support Natalie, therefore, and mission here. Colombia calls for the elections to be held peacefully, avoiding outbreaks of violence that affect the civilian population. We also welcome the prompt circulation and dissemination of information of the general state of the electoral process, including its nature and the progress to date. We consider the revitalized agreement to be the only shared framework capable of leading the country towards stability. And again, we salute the efforts, but especially the mediation and efforts of the African Union High Level Ad Hoc Committee for Sudan, C5, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development and the African Union High Representative for the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea. Señora.

Madam President, the situation in South Sudan, despite the challenges that I've just described in the electoral, humanitarian, and economic spheres, means that we need to take additional measures in unison to avoid the consequences of the electoral process leading to greater conflict. 80% of the country is currently being impacted by droughts, floods, irregular rainfall patterns, which has led to reduced food availability and access to water. In such conditions, and also the political conditions I just mentioned, the security situation, but also the cuts of international humanitarian aid, including food aid, UN food aid in the area, are doubtless critical at a time at which South Sudan Court needs all possible support, as well as the reaffirming of its sovereignty and the importance of a process which has taken almost 15 years. We stand one month from a critical juncture, which I repeat, has two paths, and the role of the international community is crucial here. We also reiterate the call for the protection of civilians and humanitarian personnel. Attacks against UN forces and personnel are prohibited under the 1994 Convention on the Safety of UN and associated personnel and its optional protocol, as well as under international humanitarian law, since they may constitute war crimes. Resolution 2823 of 2026, together with resolution 2518 and 2589, note this primary responsibility, but they also remind us that it falls on the host state. And we therefore urge South Sudan to protect humanitarian personnel, which is trying to cooperate in a time crucial historic juncture for this nation. Thank you.


Latvia · President of the Security Council [1:22:31]:

Thank you, Representative of Colombia, for the statement. And I will now give the floor to the representative of the Russian Federation.


Russian Federation [1:22:40]:

Madam President, we wish to thank the Special Representative of the Secretary General and Head of the UN Mission in South Sudan, Anita **** Gbeho, and the African Union High Representative for the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea, Mr. Jakaya Kikwete, for the reports. We listened attentively to the representative of the International Crisis Group. We welcome the participation in today’s meeting of the representatives of South Sudan and South Africa. The situation in South Sudan has, since the last meeting of the Council, remained fraught, but on the whole, sustained. Against this backdrop, the contrap is approaching an important milestone, the nationwide election scheduled to take place in December. We understand the concerns of a number of delegations regarding the degree of readiness of Juba towards the conduct of this electoral event, as we understand the authorities of South Have adopted an unequivocal decision on the organization of the vote. In this connection, we caution Council members against hasty conclusions regarding the inability of the State to duly prepare for and conduct them. We trust that the South Sudanese will leverage the remaining time in as effective a way as possible, will tackle issues related to financing the events, and to provide for security for the election. And ultimately, even if Juba itself has doubts about the smoothness of developments, there is always the option about a minor rightward shift. of the timeline for the elections, we believe that the status of the Revitalized Agreement remains the sole basis for progress of the political process. In South Sudan, we note, we do note, that the country’s leadership is not refusing to implement it. Certain timelines for later implementation of various provisions of the agreement should indeed be left at the discretion of Juba. This, we believe, would be expedient. The country acutely needs practical assistance, not criticism, especially against the backdrop of cascading economic woes. Like it or not, there is a need to recognize the fact that the presence of a robust central authority is a guarantee for maintaining stability and resilience of the South Sudanese state, which is the only way to meaningfully ensure implementation of their vitalized agreement. The humanitarian situation is complicated as well. Instability on the ground is resulting in disruptions to normalcy in conflict-affected regions, especially in Jonglei and the Greater Equatoria. The local population is having to leave their homes. The difficult situation is compounded by natural, seasonal disasters, the influx of hundreds of thousands of refugees from South Sudan, and South Sudanese who are returning to their homes. An important component of the country's progress towards peace is the efforts of UNMISS, and we support the work of the Head. Madam Anita Gbeho, we firmly condemn any acts of violence against Blue Helmets, humanitarian personnel, and civilians. We trust that despite existing financial difficulties, UNMIS will continue to effectively deliver support for the implementation of the agreement. We, for our part, will continue to provide all possible support to that end. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of external efforts to resolve the current political-military crisis in South Sudan. We highly value the constructive mediation of the African Union. We welcome the recent visits to the country of the AU-PSC delegation, as well as the AU High Representative for the Horn of Africa and Red Sea, Mr. Jacky Kikwete. We also note the active position of IGAD. Our hope is that this work will bear fruit. The situation in South Sudan has a regional dimension. It is important for this situation not to trigger large-scale destabilization amidst border porosity, spillover of fighters, and the rise of illicit trafficking in weapons. There is a need to ward off attempts to exploit the territory of South Sudan as a staging ground for to be provided for the anti-governmental party to the conflict in Sudan. We trust that the relationship between Juba and Khartoum will be based on good neighborly relations and through dialogue on all topical issues, and that the agreements arrived at, including those of an economic nature, that those will be resilient in nature. We believe that South Sudan needs unified, viable, and effective armed forces. who will tackle the issues related to establishing order on the ground, and this is explicitly set out in the revitalized agreement as well. In this connection, we wish to once again draw attention to the nefariousness of maintaining the arms embargo regime against South Sudan, for this is the main obstacle to constituting and equipping the army. Support has been voiced for revising or easing the sanctions regime. This support has been voiced by many stakeholders in Africa. It should be clear to all that the existing exemptions are insufficient when it comes to tackling the formidable challenges related to national security. We continuously advocate for the easing and full dissolution of the sanctions regime. Thank you for your attention.


Latvia · President of the Security Council [1:28:45]:

Question for the statement. I will now give the floor to the representative of France.


France [1:28:53]:

Thank you, Madam President. I wish first and foremost to thank the Special Representative, Madam Kiki Gbeho, the representative of the African Union, Mr. Jakaya Kikwete, and Mr. Mauriti Mutiga for their statements, and I welcome the presence of the representatives of South Sudan and South Africa. We have just heard that South Sudan remains in an extremely volatile state, specifically at the political, humanitarian, and security levels. As elections are scheduled to be held on 22 December 2026, a further de-escalation of the country is a frightening prospect. Protection of civilians needs to once again become the paramount priority. Amid these alarming circumstances, we wish to emphasize the following three points. First of all, we reaffirm our full support for UNMIS, which is preserving a semblance of stability amid very difficult circumstances, and it's our support for you, Madam Special Representative, as well. In order to allow UNMISS to fully implement its mandate, there are a number of issues and conditions that need to be met. First of all, regarding personnel, we firmly condemn the August attack, which led to the deaths of two Ethiopian Blue Helmets. We extend our condolences to Ethiopia and the victims' families. Next, the transitional government has an obligation to fully cooperate with the mission, specifically in terms of ensuring that it has full freedom of movement in accordance with the Status of Forces Agreement. Threats and attempts at extortion that the force has been encountering are unacceptable. And lastly, for the mission to be endowed with the necessary resources This includes financial resources and military materiel. We support the deployment of contingents at the level of the ceiling, which has been authorized by the Security Council. Second, the 2018 Revitalized Peace Agreement remains the sole credible political process. We call for full compliance therewith. The successive ministerial reshufflings that have been taking place recently and unilateral attempts to amend this agreement are alarming in this regard. the drafting of the Constitution and the unification of the security forces remain priorities. France highlights the reservation set out by the RJMEC on the subject of the election scheduled to be held 22 December next. We call for respect for the conditions set out under the revitalized agreement for elections to be conducted in transparency with well-established electoral lists and with meaningful participation on the part of the opposition, it is incumbent upon the South Sudanese authorities to mobilize the necessary public resources to that end. Lastly, the international community must remain mobilized to provide assistance to South Sudan, both in order to tackle the humanitarian emergency and to tackle political challenges. France applauds the work of regional mediators, particularly the work, your work, Mr. Kikwete. We extend our support for the AU High-Level Committee for South Sudan, the C5, as well as for the efforts of IGAD. Friends condemns in the strongest terms the persistence of grave violations of human rights, specifically conflict-related sexual violence and violations to the physical and psychological integrity of children. Perpetrators of these crimes must be held accountable. The fight against impunity requires the meaningful establishment of the hybrid court for South Sudan. Moreover, the South Sudanese population continues to face precarious humanitarian circumstances. This has been exacerbated by neighboring crisis in neighboring countries, first and foremost, the war in Sudan. We call upon South Sudanese authorities to provide for safe, unimpeded access for international assistance in accordance with international humanitarian law. Current obstacles are resulting in the risk of famine in a number of regions in South Sudan. Madam President, South Sudan is preparing to vote for the very first time in its history. at a time when the peace process is being undermined. We call for the South Sudanese authorities to hold themselves accountable, to prevent the resumption of fresh violence and to protect the populations. Thank you.


Latvia · President of the Security Council [1:33:36]:

I thank the representative of France for this statement. I will now give the floor to the representative of Bahrain.


Bahrain [1:33:43]:

Madam President, we'd like to thank Mr. Anita Kiki Fabor, Special Representative of the Secretary-General for South Sudan and Head of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan, UNMISS. We also thank Mr. Djakaya Kekete, High Representative of the African Union for the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea. We thank them for their briefings and for their tireless efforts to support the peace process in South Sudan. We've also taken note of the briefing by Mr. Mariti Mutiga, Africa Program Director at the International Crisis Group. We'd also like to welcome here the representatives of South Sudan and South Africa. Madam President, South Sudan. stands at a critical juncture, with political milestones coinciding with security and humanitarian challenges. This is why we need to step up efforts at the national, regional, and international level to support stability and consolidate sustainable peace. With the elections for 22 December approaching, the Kingdom of Bahrain reaffirms the need to respect the sovereignty of South Sudan and its national ownership of its own political process. We hope that the national and regional efforts will help to create the conditions conducive to the holding of peaceful, credible, and inclusive elections. At the same time, These elections represent an important milestone on the path to peace. They are more than merely an end in themselves. That is why it's important to build trust, promote an inclusive dialogue, and safeguard the 2018 revitalized agreement, because this is an essential framework to maintain stability and prevent a resurgence of tensions. In this context, we welcome the efforts made by the African Union, particularly through its High-Level Ad Hoc Committee on South Sudan, the C-5, as well as the Intergovernmental Authority on Development, IGAD. We further commend the efforts made by the African Union High Representative for the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea. in supporting dialogue and building confidence among the parties, this in coordination with the reconstituted Joint Monitoring and Evaluation Commission, with a view to supporting the implementation of the agreement and sustaining the momentum underpinned by it. Madam President, sustainable political progress cannot be achieved without a safe environment in which civilian protection is a foremost priority. In this context, we express our significant concern at the continued violence and local tensions. particularly with regard to the loss of life and displacement of civilians. We call on all parties to comply with international humanitarian law and to take the necessary measures to protect civilians and to ensure their safety. We further reiterate our support for UNMISS, and we commend the efforts made by the mission to protect civilians. support good offices, and, in particular, promote the participation of women and young people in peacebuilding and decision-making processes, thereby strengthening social cohesion and consolidating peace. We strongly condemn the attack on an UNMISS patrol in Jonglei State last August, which resulted in the deaths of three mission personnel and injuries to others. It is essential to provide necessary protection to UNMISS personnel, ensuring their safety and security, and enabling them to fully discharge their mandates without obstruction or threats. Madam President, We express our concern at the deteriorating humanitarian situation and the persistent security and logistical challenges impeding the delivery of humanitarian assistance. This is a situation which is being exacerbated by developments in the wider region. We call on all parties to facilitate urgent and unhindered humanitarian access and to guarantee the protection of humanitarian personnel. To conclude, the Kingdom of Bahrain reaffirms its steadfast commitment to supporting the sovereignty, unity, territorial integrity, and stability of the Republic of South Sudan. We encourage continued national, regional, and international efforts to build peace and strengthen stability. responding thus to the aspirations of the people of South Sudan for a more secure and prosperous future. Thank you.


Latvia · President of the Security Council [1:39:14]:

I thank the representative of Bahrain for the statement. I will now give the floor to the representative of Greece.


Greece [1:39:19]:

Thank you, Madam President. I thank SRSG and Head of UNMISS Anita Kiki Beho, African Union High Representative for the Horn of Africa, Jakaya Kikwete, and civil society briefer for their valuable insights. I welcome also the participation of the representatives of South Sudan and South Africa in today's meeting. The Secretary-General's latest report paints a deeply concerning picture of South Sudan at a critical juncture, when political divisions, escalating violence, and worsening humanitarian conditions threaten to unravel the hard-won gains of the peace process. With elections scheduled for next month, inclusive dialogue and sustained international engagement are urgently needed to preserve the gains achieved through years of painstaking efforts and prevent a return to widespread conflict. Allow me to highlight three points. First, The political situation and the electoral process. Greece remains deeply concerned about the limited implementation of the revitalized peace agreement, the dissolution of the revitalized traditional government of national unity, the formation of a caretaker government, and amendments to the electoral framework raise serious questions about the inclusivity and credibility of the transition. This development further increases uncertainty at a time when confidence building and inclusive engagement are essential to safeguard the transition and prevent wider conflict. With elections planned for 22nd of December, time is running out. Elections must not trigger further instability. They must be peaceful, credible, transparent, and inclusive, supported by political consensus and adequate security arrangements. We call on all parties to recommit to the peace agreement, protect civic space, and ensure meaningful participation by women and youth. We welcome the continued engagement of the African Union and IGAD. Second, the protection of civilians and the humanitarian situation. Greece is alarmed by violence in Joglae, Upper Nile, Warap, and elsewhere. The Secretary General reports 514 civilians killed and 524 injured during the reporting period. We are particularly concerned by the continuing suffering of women and children. The recruitment and use of children, abductions, attacks on schools and hospitals, and conflict-related sexual violence demand urgent action. All parties must immediately end these violations, protect all survivors, and ensure full accountability. Women must also participate fully, equally, meaningfully, and safely in peacebuilding and political processes. Meanwhile, severe food insecurity, climate shocks, and arrivals from neighboring Sudan are aggravating humanitarian needs. Humanitarian access must be safe, rapid, and unhindered. Attacks on aid workers are unacceptable, while the severe funding shortfall requires urgent international attention and concrete support from the international community. Third, the role and operational effectiveness of UNMIS. Greece reiterates its unwavering support for UNMIS and its indispensable work protecting civilians, facilitating humanitarian assistance, and supporting peace. We strongly condemn the 24 August attack on an UNMISS patrol in the Jonglei State, which killed three peacekeepers and injured others. We extend our deepest condolences to the families of the fallen and wish speedy recovery to those injured. We stress that attacks against United Nations peacekeepers are unacceptable and call for accountability in accordance with international law. Those responsible should be brought to justice. We further urge all parties to uphold their obligations under international humanitarian law and international human rights law. We urge the Government of South Sudan to fully respect the Status of Forces Agreement and guarantee UNMIS freedom of movement. Madam President, The coming weeks will be decisive. Our common priority must be preventing renewed conflict and preserving prospects for sustainable peace. Greece will continue supporting the people of South Sudan, UNMIS, and regional efforts towards an inclusive, peaceful, and nationally owned transition. I thank you.


Latvia · President of the Security Council [1:44:43]:

I thank the representative of Greece for the statement, and I will now give the floor to Panama.


Panama [1:44:50]:

Thank you, Madam President. We'd like to thank the Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan, Ms. Anita Kiki Kpebo, as well as the African Union High Representative for the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea, Mr. Jakaya Kikwete. as well as Mr. Murithi Mutiga, Africa Programme Director of the International Crisis Group. We thank them all for their briefings. We welcome at this meeting the representatives of South Sudan and South Africa. With only a few weeks remaining before the elections scheduled for December, the political crisis, armed clashes, and deteriorating humanitarian situation reflect an increasingly fragile transition. On the political front, we are concerned by the dissolution of the transitional government and the legislatures, the dismissal of the vice presidents, and the establishment of an interim administration. These political decisions, coupled with unilateral changes to the transitional framework, further undermine governance arrangements and call into question the continued validity of the commitments made. The holding of national elections requires appropriate political, legal, financial, and security conditions, as well as guarantees for civic space and the participation of all relevant stakeholders. The lack of progress on the census, the delimitation of constituencies, and electoral preparations raises further concerns about the viability of the planned electoral timetable. We deem it essential to restore the Revitalised Agreement to its central role as the framework for the transition. This means ensuring renewed political commitment from its signatories, reactivating the implementation mechanisms, and resuming an inclusive dialogue with the support of the African Union and IGAD. On the security front, clashes in Jonglei and Upper Nile, together with inter-communal violence, continue to endanger civilians. The humanitarian situation is equally alarming. 2.5 million people are facing emergency levels of food insecurity, while more than 73,000 people are facing catastrophic conditions. We condemn the attacks that have claimed the lives of at least 39 humanitarian workers and call for unfettered humanitarian access. As a signatory to the joint pledges on climate, peace, and security, Panama recognizes that the impacts of climate change exacerbate food insecurity and competition over resources, thereby exacerbating tensions between communities. We underscore the importance of early action and of integrating climate resilience into conflict prevention and peacebuilding efforts. We are further concerned by the 118 violations and incidents verified by UNMISS affecting 1,150 civilians, as well as the recruitment of children, abductions, and conflict-related sexual violence. The protection of women and girls and accountability must be granted priority attention. The full, equal and meaningful participation of women in decision-making on the transition and on peace must also be guaranteed. We recognize the work of UNMISS in protecting civilians and supporting the peace process. However, restrictions on its freedom of movement and violations of the Status of Forces Agreement undermine its operational capacity. We therefore urge the authorities to guarantee freedom of movement so that the mission can fully discharge its mandate. Madam President, this is the final mandated meeting on South Sudan during Panama's two-year term on the Security Council. We are concerned about the direction that the transition is taking, and we reiterate that the Council must maintain its focus on the situation on the ground. We once again express our full support for the United Nations Mission in South Sudan and its mandate. South Sudanese leaders must demonstrate the political will necessary to restore confidence, honour their commitments, and prevent the country from descending once again into a spiral of violence. The people of South Sudan deserve a peaceful, inclusive, and legitimate transition. as well as dignified living conditions. Thank you very much.


Latvia · President of the Security Council [1:50:04]:

I thank the representative of Panama for the statement, and I will now give the floor to the representative of Denmark.


Denmark [1:50:10]:

Thank you, Madam President. And I also thank SRSG Gebheho, AU High Commissioner Representative Kikwete, and Director Motiga for their remarks. Madam President, in the past months, several steps have been taken by South Sudan's leaders to conclude the transition period. We recognize the importance to the South Sudanese people choosing their leaders through elections. These elections, however, should pave the way towards greater political stability, not become a source of renewed conflict. Without consensus on the electoral modalities, adequate preparations, and meaningful participation guarantees, elections risk deepening existing divisions and triggering further violence. Agreement is urgently needed on the political and legal pathway to elections. Political dialogue, release of detained opposition figures, free civic and political space, security and institutional preparedness are essential. We call on President Kiir and all signatories to recommit to the full implementation of the revised peace agreement to uphold the permanent ceasefire and to engage in a genuine and inclusive national dialogue. We welcome the continued engagement of the African Union, EGAD, and RJMEC in support of the peace process. We also support the activation of the joint AU-EGAD-UN task force with a clear mandate and concrete benchmarks. Madam President, We express our grave concern over the continued fighting, particularly in Jonglei and Upper Nile, and the wider spread of violence and displacement across South Sudan. As we have heard, the humanitarian situation is further exacerbated by climate-related shocks, with over 80% of the country affected by drought, flooding, and emergency levels of acute food insecurity across several regions. This makes sustained humanitarian assistance all the more urgent. However, insecurity continues to prevent lifesaving assistance from reaching those most in need. We strongly condemn attacks against humanitarian personnel. At least 39 aid workers were killed this year. Such attacks are unacceptable. Those responsible must be held accountable, and all parties must ensure safe, rapid, and unhindered humanitarian access. We also remain deeply concerned by continued human rights violations and abuses, including conflict-related sexual violence and the recruitment and use of children. All parties must uphold international humanitarian and human rights law and take immediate steps to end these violations. Madam President, let me express Denmark’s unwavering support for UNMISS. At this critical moment, the mission is indispensable in de-escalating tensions, facilitating dialogue, and supporting implementation of the peace agreement. We strongly condemn all obstructions to UNMIS, including the violations of the Status of Forces Agreement. Let me also express our deepest condolences to the families of the three Ethiopian peacekeepers who lost their lives in the deadly attack on an UNMIS patrol in Jonglei State on 24 August. We urge that those responsible are held accountable in line with resolution 28/23. Madam President, in closing, when Denmark entered this Council, South Sudan was on a positive trajectory. Over the last two years, unfortunately, we have seen significant deterioration. We express our sincere hope that South Sudan's leaders will ultimately choose peace over political self-interest. dialogue over confrontation, and the future of their people over the preservation of power. I thank you.


Latvia · President of the Security Council [1:54:20]:

I thank the representative of Denmark for the statement, and I will now give the floor to the representative of Pakistan.


Pakistan [1:54:28]:

Thank you, Madam President. I thank SRSG Anita Gebeho, AU High Representative for the Horn of Africa and Red Sea, Jakaya Kikwete, and the civil society briefer Mr. Mutiga for their briefings. Madam President, Pakistan remains concerned over the political, security, and humanitarian situation in South Sudan. Recent developments underscore the fragility of the peace process and the need for sustained political engagement to prevent further deterioration. First, the revitalized agreement remains the only viable and consensual framework for peace and political transition in South Sudan. Recent changes to the transitional arrangements, including the dissolution of the revitalized Transitional Government of National Unity and establishment of a caretaker administration, have further strained the political consensus underpinning the agreement. Differences among the parties must be addressed through dialogue and established mechanisms of the agreement. Pakistan takes note of the government’s intention to hold elections on 22 December. Elections will be one milestone in the peace process, not its end, and implementation of the revitalized agreement will remain essential for long-term stability and reconciliation. The security and humanitarian situation remain deeply troubling. Continued fighting in Jonglei and Upper Nile, and inter-communal violence elsewhere, continue to exact an unacceptable toll on civilians. We call for an immediate cessation of hostilities and urge all parties to recommit to and fully comply with the permanent ceasefire under the revitalized agreement. Third, UNMISS continues to play an important stabilizing role in this volatile environment. Pakistan values the Mission’s contribution to protection of civilians, humanitarian access, early warning, local mediation, and political stabilization. At a time of increasing political and security risks, the Mission must have the personnel and capabilities necessary to implement the mandate assigned to it by this Council. Its effectiveness also depends on cooperation from the host authorities. Continued restrictions on freedom of movement of UNMIS remain concerning. We encourage the Government of South Sudan to remove these impediments and ensure full respect for the Status of Forces Agreement. We pay tribute to all the UNMIS peacekeepers who continue to carry out their mandate in exceptionally difficult circumstances. We strongly condemn the 24 August attack on UNMIS patrol in Jogla, which resulted in the loss of Ethiopian peacekeepers and injuries to United Nations personnel and national counterparts. We extend our condolences to the Government and people of Ethiopia and to the families of the fallen peacekeepers. In line with the Security Council Resolution 2823, those responsible for attacks against peacekeepers must be identified, investigated, and brought to justice. We welcome the recent conviction of an individual responsible for the killing of an UNMISS staff member as an important step towards accountability. Finally, Pakistan welcomes the continued engagement of the African Union, IGAD, the C5, and former President Jakaya Kikwete. Regional engagements Engagement must remain at the center of international efforts. The coming weeks will be critical. Lasting stability will be advanced through dialogue, compromise, implementation of the revitalized agreement, and strengthened regional engagement, rather than through military confrontation or approaches that risk becoming punitive. Pakistan will continue to support UNMISS in efforts towards durable peace, stability, and prosperity in South Sudan. Thank you, madam President.


Latvia · President of the Security Council; Representative [1:58:33]:

I thank the representative of Pakistan for the statement, and I shall now make a statement in my capacity as the representative of Latvia. I thank SRSG Anita Kiki-Bejo, African Union High Representative for the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea, His Excellency Jockaay Akykwete, and Mr. Murthy Muttiga for their valuable briefings. I would also like to welcome the presence of the representatives of South Sudan and South Africa. We meet today as South Sudan approaches elections planned for December. Serious uncertainties remain about the political transition and security conditions. Our greatest concern is that unresolved tensions could lead to renewed violence with devastating consequences for civilians. While the primary responsibility rests with South Sudan’s leaders, The United Nations, this Council, and regional partners all have important roles to play in preventing such an outcome. And let me make three points. First, South Sudanese leaders must demonstrate the political will to prevent further violence. Latvia remains deeply concerned by continued hostilities, the lack of progress on critical transitional commitments, and unilateral changes to the political framework, including the dissolution of the transitional government in September. The revitalized peace agreement must remain the foundation of the political transition. Decisions affecting its implementation must be based on consensus among the parties, not imposed unilaterally. We call on the parties to uphold the permanent ceasefire. All parties to the conflict must fully comply with their obligations under international humanitarian law. Civilians must be protected, and those responsible for violations must be held accountable. South Sudanese leaders must engage in genuine, inclusive political dialogue to build consensus on the way forward. This requires protecting civic and political space, ensuring the full, equal, and meaningful participation of women and youth, and releasing Dr. Riek Machar and other political detainees. Second, UNMISS must be equipped to protect civilians, and this Council must support its ability to deliver. Latvia reaffirms its strong support for UNMISS and commends the dedication and courage of its peacekeepers and civilian personnel, who continue to operate under increasingly difficult and dangerous conditions. We strongly condemn the attack on UNMISS patrol in Jonglei last August and extend our condolences to the families of the three European peacekeepers who lost their lives. And we call for those responsible to be brought to justice. As highlighted during today's joint media stakeout on climate, peace, and security, climate-related shocks are aggravating South Sudan's fragile security and humanitarian situation. Anticipatory action and community-based conflict prevention are essential to reducing these risks, and we commend UNMISS for its contribution to local mediation and efforts to strengthen community resilience. In the critical months ahead, UNMISS must have the capabilities needed to anticipate and respond to emerging threats. The Secretary General's recent military and police capability study highlights serious operational challenges resulting from reductions of personnel and resources. We support leveraging modern technology to strengthen early warning, civilian protection, and the safety and security of peacekeepers. Technology, however, cannot substitute for adequate personnel and operational capabilities. We also call on the Government of South Sudan to ensure UNMIS’s full freedom of movement throughout South Sudan in accordance with the Status of Forces Agreement. Third, strong regional leadership is essential to preventing further escalation. Let me firmly support the diplomatic efforts of the African Union and IGAD. Regional partners must remain at the forefront of these efforts, with the United Nations and this Council supporting their leadership wherever possible. We welcome the proposal for a joint AU, IGAD, and UN task force to strengthen coordination and preventive diplomacy. Ultimately, these efforts must deliver tangible results: reduced tensions, renewed political dialogue, and above all, the prevention of further violence against civilians. Our responsibilities may differ, but our objective must be shared: to prevent another cycle of violence and protect the people of South Sudan. I resume my function as President of the Council. I now give the floor to the representative of South Sudan.


South Sudan [2:03:58]:

Madam President. Madam President, let me start by thanking you for giving me this opportunity. I also thank the members of the Council for their continued rendering of attention to the situation in my country. My thanks go to the briefers, Ms. Kiki and the AU Special Envoy, Mr. Yakaya Kakit. Kekeuta for their constructive briefing. At the onset, I wish to say that South Sudan takes note of the Secretary General’s report on the situation in South Sudan and the activities of UNMIS during the reporting period. We acknowledge the concerns raised in the report, however, we wish to offer some clarification and perspective on issues that, in our views, require a more balanced, objective, and context-sensitive assessment. On the implementation of the revitalized peace agreement, South Sudan reiterates that The revitalized agreement on resolution of conflicts in South Sudan was conceived as a transitional framework to guide the country towards a permanent political settlement, not as an indefinite arrangement for governing the country. The agreement has already been extended twice. And the parties have agreed that there will be no more extensions. South Sudan is concerned that continued emphasis on political and military actors whose positions have complicated implementation without comparable recognition of those committed to peaceful completion of the agreement risk presenting an incomplete and imbalanced picture of the country's political realities. Madam President, on the political transition and elections, we believe that elections must remain central to the implementation of the peace agreement and the country's transition towards a permanent political order. Elections are not an obstacle to peace. They are an essential part of its consolidation and provide the people of South Sudan with the opportunity to determine their political leadership and future. The continued postponement of elections or their relegation to a secondary consideration risks perpetuating transitional arrangements without a clear political destination. South Sudan cannot remain indefinitely governed through transitional power-sharing arrangements at the expense of the aspirations of its people. Equally, the views and political choices of the overwhelming majority of South Sudanese should not be overshadowed by the position of a limited number of political and military actors. Political recognition and accommodation should be guided by a genuine commitment to peaceful engagement and implementation of the agreement, rather than by capacity to disrupt the process or perpetuate uncertainty. We are concerned that an approach which gives disproportionate attention to accommodating those unwilling to pursue a peaceful conclusion, while insufficiently supporting the electoral aspiration of the wider population, risks rewarding political obstruction rather than encouraging progress. It is also It also creates the impression that the international community is becoming more focused on managing the transitional status quo than supporting South Sudan's movement towards the next constitutional and democratic chapter. South Sudan does not agree with generalized reporting. and the presentation of allegations without adequate verification or meaningful consultations with the government, which is sometimes among the last to be informed of incidents allegedly occurring within its territory. We are equally concerned about instances in which certain reporting mechanisms appear to move beyond their respective mandates, making politically charged assertions without sufficient engagement with the national authorities. The fundamental principle of justice is that allegations must be investigated, evidence objectively assessed, and those accused given a fair opportunity to respond. Human rights reporting should be guided by the same principles. We therefore encourage UNMIS and relevant mechanisms to strengthen consultation with the Government and ensure that the reporting remains impartial, evidence-based, and consistent with their mandates. Human rights protection should be a shared objective, not a platform for political contest. on the implementation of the Status of Forces Agreement. So far, the Government of South Sudan remains committed to facilitating UNMIS in the discharge of its mandate without undue interference, in accordance with the agreement and established channels of communications and cooperation. Where difficulties or alleged violations arise, they should be addressed through the appropriate formal mechanisms and on the basis of specific circumstances of each case. We regret incidences that may occur outside the direct control of the government. However, Such situations should encourage stronger cooperation and coordination between the mission and the host country, rather than to create an impression of deliberate government obstruction. The government remains open to addressing any specific, and I mean any specific, concern with the mission. Let me therefore reiterate unequivocally that obstructing UNMIS in the discharge of its mandate has never been, and is not, a policy of the Government of the Republic of South Sudan. Madam President, in conclusion, South Sudan calls upon the Security Council, the United Nations, the African Union, EGAT and all international partners to maintain a constructive balance, forward-looking approach towards our country. We encourage economists to recognize the progress achieved, however gradual, while engaging the government as a partner in addressing outstanding challenges. International engagement should also avoid approaches that would be perceived as taking sides among political actors, prejudging domestic political processes or encroaching upon matters that fall within the sovereign responsibility of the government and the people of South Sudan. South Sudan does not seek exemption from international scrutiny or constructive engagement. What we seek is an approach founded on mutual respect, impartiality, partnership, and national ownership of the peace and the transitional process. South Sudan remains committed to peace, stability, and the aspiration of its people. We believe that time has come to move beyond the indefinite management of transitional arrangements and collectively support the country in taking the necessary step towards a permanent political settlement through the conduct of election. Only through such an approach can we move beyond the challenge of the past and open a new chapter in the history of our nation. I thank you, Madam President.


Latvia · President of the Security Council [2:14:43]:

I thank the representative of South Sudan for the statement, and I will now give the floor to the representative of South Africa.


South Africa [2:14:53]:

Thank you very much, Madam President. We are extremely grateful for the opportunity to participate in this important and timely briefing. on the situation in South Sudan. We thank the briefers, Ms. Anika Kiki Peho, the representative of the Secretary-General for South Sudan and head of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan; His Excellency Mr. Chakaya Marisho Kikwete, African Union High Representative for the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea; and Mr. Murithi Mutiga, the African Program Director for the International Crisis Group, for their invaluable, indeed, illuminating briefings. Madam President, South Africa reaffirms its commitment to continued support for peace and political stability in the Republic of South Sudan. within the framework of the revitalized agreement on the resolution of the conflict in the Republic of South Sudan. Recalling the C5 declaration, we condemn the fatal ambush on the joint United Nations mission in South Sudan, UNMISS patrol, in Jonglei state, which resulted in the death of three Ethiopian UN peacekeepers and the injury of seven others. We call for the investigation of the incident while ensuring the protection of civilians, peacekeepers, and humanitarian and medical personnel. We further express our deepest condolences to the families, the government, and people of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the UN family for the loss. In this regard, we call for the full respect of the permanent ceasefire. Furthermore, Madam President, we express our concern about the deteriorating humanitarian situation, compounded by the ongoing conflict and severely restricted humanitarian access. Refugees from Sudan place additional pressure on the overstretch services and security risks have made it challenging to reach Jonglei state, resulting in food insecurity. The shortfall in funding for the humanitarian response plans also remains a deep concern. Madam President, the pre-election assessment mission of the African Union which visited South Sudan on 23 to 28 August 2026, to ascertain the state of readiness of South Sudan for elections, expressed concern about inadequate resources and inadequate technical expertise, which, when considered with prevailing conditions, presents a worrying picture. We recall that this AU mission is supposed to offer technical and institutional support to promote democratic governance, peaceful political transitions, and credible electoral support in a member state of the African Union consistent with the relevant African Union instruments and electoral guidelines. In response to a request from South Sudan, South Africa is making arrangements for the provision of technical expertise and the dispatch of elections equipment and material, amongst others, to South Sudan in preparation for the elections. In addition, following an invitation from South Africa, as part of efforts aimed at building elections management capacity, a commissioner and election staff of the South Sudanese Electoral Commission observed the recently concluded local government elections in South Africa that took place last week, Wednesday, 4th of November 2026. South Africa respects South Sudan's sovereign right to decide on electoral processes and believes that there's still an opportunity to ensure inclusivity in the elections and address outstanding concerns. We stress the importance of ensuring that all legal, technical, financial, and operational requirements for the elections are met, as well as to ensure broader and inclusive political participation in the elections that would take into consideration the concerns of other political parties and political actors not included in the inter-party dialogue launched by President Kiir on 24 September 2026, as well as the inclusion of women and youth. In conclusion, South Africa remains committed to all efforts aimed at ensuring the stability, security, sustainable peace, development, and prosperity for the people of South Sudan. I thank you.


Latvia · President of the Security Council [2:20:34]:

I thank the representative of South Africa for the statement. There are no more names inscribed on the list of speakers, and I will now invite Council members to informal consultations to continue our discussions on the subject. The meeting is adjourned.