{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/es/asset/k1c/k1cgso5m2o?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/es/asset/k1c/k1cgso5m2o.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k1c/k1cgso5m2o","kaltura_id":"1_cgso5m2o","title":"Press Conference: Biodiversity Offsets and Credits: Who Benefits, Who Bears the Costs?, UN Convention on Biodiversity - COP 17","clean_title":"Press Conference: Biodiversity Offsets and Credits: Who Benefits, Who Bears the Costs?, UN Convention on Biodiversity - COP 17","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1c/k1cgso5m2o","date":"2026-10-20T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-10-20T11:45:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"00:32:50","category":"Conferences","body":null,"event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":null,"pv_symbol":null,"pv_part":null,"slug":"asset/k1c/k1cgso5m2o"},"metadata":{"summary":null,"description":null,"categories":[],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":[],"corporate_name":[],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"azure-llm-speech-71a66a56-b5a0-4c57-ae2f-3dad8268adb1","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":0.83,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1c/k1cgso5m2o?lang=en&t=0:01","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Welcome to our press conference entitled Biodiversity Offsets and Credits: Who Benefits, Who Bears the Costs?","start":0.83,"end":9.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Welcome","start":0.83,"end":1.39},{"text":"to","start":1.47,"end":1.79},{"text":"our","start":1.79,"end":2.11},{"text":"press","start":2.11,"end":2.43},{"text":"conference","start":2.43,"end":3.19},{"text":"entitled","start":3.19,"end":4.03},{"text":"Biodiversity","start":4.11,"end":4.99},{"text":"Offsets","start":4.99,"end":5.47},{"text":"and","start":5.47,"end":5.63},{"text":"Credits:","start":5.63,"end":6.35},{"text":"Who","start":6.35,"end":6.59},{"text":"Benefits,","start":6.59,"end":7.47},{"text":"Who","start":7.47,"end":7.79},{"text":"Bears","start":7.79,"end":8.43},{"text":"the","start":8.43,"end":8.59},{"text":"Costs?","start":8.59,"end":9.47}]},{"text":"My name is Valentina Figueira Martinez from the Global Forest Coalition, and I am delighted to be the moderator today.","start":9.47,"end":18.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":9.47,"end":9.63},{"text":"name","start":9.63,"end":9.95},{"text":"is","start":9.95,"end":10.19},{"text":"Valentina","start":10.19,"end":11.11},{"text":"Figueira","start":11.11,"end":11.63},{"text":"Martinez","start":11.63,"end":12.67},{"text":"from","start":12.67,"end":12.91},{"text":"the","start":12.91,"end":13.07},{"text":"Global","start":13.07,"end":13.47},{"text":"Forest","start":13.47,"end":13.95},{"text":"Coalition,","start":13.95,"end":14.59},{"text":"and","start":15.27,"end":15.39},{"text":"I","start":15.39,"end":15.71},{"text":"am","start":15.71,"end":15.95},{"text":"delighted","start":15.95,"end":16.39},{"text":"to","start":16.39,"end":16.55},{"text":"be","start":16.55,"end":16.99},{"text":"the","start":16.99,"end":17.19},{"text":"moderator","start":17.31,"end":18.11},{"text":"today.","start":18.11,"end":18.59}]},{"text":"The proliferation of biodiversity offsets and credits to implement the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework is unacceptable.","start":19.63,"end":30.67,"topics":[{"key":"biodiversity-offsets","label":"Biodiversity Offsets and Credits","description":"Speakers repeatedly challenged biodiversity offsets and credits as a policy tool under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. They argued these market mechanisms lack scientific and social integrity, do not deliver real biodiversity gains, and allow ongoing destruction to be repackaged as conservation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":19.63,"end":19.83},{"text":"proliferation","start":20.11,"end":21.23},{"text":"of","start":21.27,"end":21.47},{"text":"biodiversity","start":21.47,"end":22.19},{"text":"offsets","start":22.19,"end":22.75},{"text":"and","start":22.75,"end":22.91},{"text":"credits","start":22.91,"end":23.55},{"text":"to","start":23.55,"end":23.95},{"text":"implement","start":23.95,"end":24.91},{"text":"the","start":24.91,"end":25.11},{"text":"Kunming-Montreal","start":25.15,"end":26.11},{"text":"Global","start":26.11,"end":26.51},{"text":"Biodiversity","start":26.51,"end":27.39},{"text":"Framework","start":27.39,"end":28.27},{"text":"is","start":29.15,"end":29.63},{"text":"unacceptable.","start":29.71,"end":30.67}]},{"text":"corporations, government, big conservation NGOs, and consultancies have been subsequently pushing for these mechanisms and continue rebranding biodiversity markets as high integrity, gender responsive, or that ensure the respect for human rights in communities and territories.","start":32.07,"end":55.83,"topics":[{"key":"biodiversity-offsets","label":"Biodiversity Offsets and Credits","description":"Speakers repeatedly challenged biodiversity offsets and credits as a policy tool under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. They argued these market mechanisms lack scientific and social integrity, do not deliver real biodiversity gains, and allow ongoing destruction to be repackaged as conservation."},{"key":"community-rights","label":"Indigenous and Community Rights","description":"A major theme was the impact of offset and conservation schemes on Indigenous Peoples and local communities, especially through land grabbing, weak land tenure, displacement, and lack of free, prior and informed consent. Several speakers stressed that territorial security, participation, and human rights must come before financial instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"corporations,","start":32.07,"end":33.27},{"text":"government,","start":33.27,"end":34.31},{"text":"big","start":34.47,"end":34.83},{"text":"conservation","start":34.83,"end":35.67},{"text":"NGOs,","start":35.67,"end":36.71},{"text":"and","start":36.71,"end":37.11},{"text":"consultancies","start":37.11,"end":38.31},{"text":"have","start":38.31,"end":38.63},{"text":"been","start":38.63,"end":39.03},{"text":"subsequently","start":39.43,"end":40.63},{"text":"pushing","start":40.79,"end":41.23},{"text":"for","start":41.23,"end":41.43},{"text":"these","start":41.43,"end":41.75},{"text":"mechanisms","start":41.75,"end":42.71},{"text":"and","start":42.71,"end":42.95},{"text":"continue","start":42.95,"end":43.59},{"text":"rebranding","start":43.59,"end":44.55},{"text":"biodiversity","start":44.55,"end":45.43},{"text":"markets","start":45.43,"end":46.07},{"text":"as","start":46.07,"end":46.47},{"text":"high","start":46.79,"end":47.19},{"text":"integrity,","start":47.19,"end":48.15},{"text":"gender","start":48.39,"end":48.91},{"text":"responsive,","start":48.91,"end":49.83},{"text":"or","start":49.83,"end":50.39},{"text":"that","start":50.63,"end":51.03},{"text":"ensure","start":51.03,"end":51.83},{"text":"the","start":52.07,"end":52.31},{"text":"respect","start":52.31,"end":52.87},{"text":"for","start":52.87,"end":53.19},{"text":"human","start":53.19,"end":53.55},{"text":"rights","start":53.55,"end":54.07},{"text":"in","start":54.07,"end":54.23},{"text":"communities","start":54.23,"end":54.83},{"text":"and","start":54.83,"end":54.99},{"text":"territories.","start":54.99,"end":55.83}]},{"text":"However, the realities on the ground are different.","start":56.15,"end":59.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":56.15,"end":56.87},{"text":"the","start":57.19,"end":57.39},{"text":"realities","start":57.39,"end":58.03},{"text":"on","start":58.03,"end":58.15},{"text":"the","start":58.15,"end":58.27},{"text":"ground","start":58.27,"end":58.71},{"text":"are","start":58.71,"end":58.87},{"text":"different.","start":58.87,"end":59.67}]},{"text":"We are documenting what is on and we understand that these biodiversity markets are perpetuating biodiversity destruction, they continue violating human rights, land grabbing, gender injustices, green colonialism and other impacts on the ground.","start":60.15,"end":80.15,"topics":[{"key":"biodiversity-offsets","label":"Biodiversity Offsets and Credits","description":"Speakers repeatedly challenged biodiversity offsets and credits as a policy tool under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. They argued these market mechanisms lack scientific and social integrity, do not deliver real biodiversity gains, and allow ongoing destruction to be repackaged as conservation."},{"key":"community-rights","label":"Indigenous and Community Rights","description":"A major theme was the impact of offset and conservation schemes on Indigenous Peoples and local communities, especially through land grabbing, weak land tenure, displacement, and lack of free, prior and informed consent. Several speakers stressed that territorial security, participation, and human rights must come before financial instruments."},{"key":"extractive-accountability","label":"Extractive Industries and Corporate Accountability","description":"Mining, industrial extraction, and other destructive economic activities were presented as core drivers of biodiversity loss. Speakers argued that corporations and polluters should be regulated and held accountable for preventing and repairing harm, instead of being allowed to continue operations through offset schemes."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":60.15,"end":60.47},{"text":"are","start":60.47,"end":60.63},{"text":"documenting","start":60.63,"end":61.51},{"text":"what","start":61.55,"end":61.75},{"text":"is","start":61.75,"end":61.95},{"text":"on","start":62.03,"end":62.47},{"text":"and","start":62.47,"end":62.71},{"text":"we","start":62.71,"end":63.03},{"text":"understand","start":63.03,"end":63.99},{"text":"that","start":64.07,"end":64.55},{"text":"these","start":65.03,"end":65.43},{"text":"biodiversity","start":65.43,"end":66.23},{"text":"markets","start":66.23,"end":66.95},{"text":"are","start":66.95,"end":67.35},{"text":"perpetuating","start":67.83,"end":68.87},{"text":"biodiversity","start":68.95,"end":69.67},{"text":"destruction,","start":69.67,"end":70.55},{"text":"they","start":70.71,"end":71.19},{"text":"continue","start":71.35,"end":72.23},{"text":"violating","start":72.23,"end":73.03},{"text":"human","start":73.03,"end":73.39},{"text":"rights,","start":73.39,"end":74.15},{"text":"land","start":74.15,"end":74.59},{"text":"grabbing,","start":74.59,"end":75.27},{"text":"gender","start":75.27,"end":75.75},{"text":"injustices,","start":75.75,"end":76.87},{"text":"green","start":76.87,"end":77.27},{"text":"colonialism","start":77.27,"end":78.15},{"text":"and","start":78.15,"end":78.35},{"text":"other","start":78.39,"end":78.71},{"text":"impacts","start":78.71,"end":79.35},{"text":"on","start":79.35,"end":79.43},{"text":"the","start":79.43,"end":79.55},{"text":"ground.","start":79.55,"end":80.15}]},{"text":"Biodiversity offsets and credits are fundamentally flawed.","start":81.03,"end":85.19,"topics":[{"key":"biodiversity-offsets","label":"Biodiversity Offsets and Credits","description":"Speakers repeatedly challenged biodiversity offsets and credits as a policy tool under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. They argued these market mechanisms lack scientific and social integrity, do not deliver real biodiversity gains, and allow ongoing destruction to be repackaged as conservation."}],"words":[{"text":"Biodiversity","start":81.03,"end":81.71},{"text":"offsets","start":81.71,"end":82.19},{"text":"and","start":82.19,"end":82.31},{"text":"credits","start":82.31,"end":82.83},{"text":"are","start":82.83,"end":83.23},{"text":"fundamentally","start":83.31,"end":84.35},{"text":"flawed.","start":84.35,"end":85.19}]},{"text":"They lack integrity, they violate human rights, they perpetrate gender injustices on the communities, and they represent a threat to nature, indigenous peoples, local communities, women, and youth.","start":85.31,"end":100.83,"topics":[{"key":"biodiversity-offsets","label":"Biodiversity Offsets and Credits","description":"Speakers repeatedly challenged biodiversity offsets and credits as a policy tool under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. They argued these market mechanisms lack scientific and social integrity, do not deliver real biodiversity gains, and allow ongoing destruction to be repackaged as conservation."},{"key":"community-rights","label":"Indigenous and Community Rights","description":"A major theme was the impact of offset and conservation schemes on Indigenous Peoples and local communities, especially through land grabbing, weak land tenure, displacement, and lack of free, prior and informed consent. Several speakers stressed that territorial security, participation, and human rights must come before financial instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":85.31,"end":85.63},{"text":"lack","start":85.63,"end":86.03},{"text":"integrity,","start":86.03,"end":86.99},{"text":"they","start":87.23,"end":87.39},{"text":"violate","start":87.39,"end":88.07},{"text":"human","start":88.07,"end":88.43},{"text":"rights,","start":88.43,"end":88.91},{"text":"they","start":88.91,"end":89.15},{"text":"perpetrate","start":89.15,"end":90.03},{"text":"gender","start":90.03,"end":90.43},{"text":"injustices","start":90.43,"end":92.31},{"text":"on","start":92.31,"end":92.39},{"text":"the","start":92.39,"end":92.59},{"text":"communities,","start":92.59,"end":93.39},{"text":"and","start":93.67,"end":93.83},{"text":"they","start":93.83,"end":93.95},{"text":"represent","start":93.95,"end":94.67},{"text":"a","start":94.67,"end":94.75},{"text":"threat","start":94.75,"end":95.47},{"text":"to","start":95.55,"end":95.71},{"text":"nature,","start":95.71,"end":96.59},{"text":"indigenous","start":96.91,"end":97.47},{"text":"peoples,","start":97.47,"end":98.11},{"text":"local","start":98.11,"end":98.55},{"text":"communities,","start":98.55,"end":99.39},{"text":"women,","start":99.39,"end":100.11},{"text":"and","start":100.11,"end":100.35},{"text":"youth.","start":100.35,"end":100.83}]},{"text":"Let me be clear about this.","start":101.95,"end":103.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":101.95,"end":102.15},{"text":"me","start":102.15,"end":102.31},{"text":"be","start":102.31,"end":102.43},{"text":"clear","start":102.43,"end":102.87},{"text":"about","start":102.87,"end":103.07},{"text":"this.","start":103.07,"end":103.63}]},{"text":"There will be no biodiversity credits without offsetting.","start":103.87,"end":108.75,"topics":[{"key":"biodiversity-offsets","label":"Biodiversity Offsets and Credits","description":"Speakers repeatedly challenged biodiversity offsets and credits as a policy tool under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. 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Several speakers stressed that territorial security, participation, and human rights must come before financial instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":111.39,"end":111.63},{"text":"promoting","start":111.63,"end":112.35},{"text":"credits","start":112.35,"end":113.31},{"text":"and","start":113.55,"end":113.71},{"text":"promoting","start":113.71,"end":114.27},{"text":"these","start":114.27,"end":114.51},{"text":"markets","start":114.51,"end":115.23},{"text":"with","start":115.23,"end":115.43},{"text":"the","start":115.43,"end":115.51},{"text":"expectation","start":115.51,"end":116.83},{"text":"that","start":116.83,"end":116.99},{"text":"they","start":116.99,"end":117.07},{"text":"will","start":117.07,"end":117.31},{"text":"not","start":117.31,"end":117.63},{"text":"bring","start":117.63,"end":118.19},{"text":"offsetting","start":118.19,"end":118.99},{"text":"is","start":118.99,"end":119.55},{"text":"unsustainable","start":119.55,"end":120.51},{"text":"and","start":121.15,"end":121.35},{"text":"is","start":121.35,"end":121.55},{"text":"also","start":121.55,"end":121.91},{"text":"politically","start":121.91,"end":122.55},{"text":"naive","start":122.55,"end":122.99},{"text":"and","start":122.99,"end":123.19},{"text":"contradicts","start":123.19,"end":124.03},{"text":"the","start":124.03,"end":124.19},{"text":"realities","start":124.19,"end":124.91},{"text":"of","start":124.95,"end":125.07},{"text":"the","start":125.07,"end":125.15},{"text":"communities","start":125.15,"end":125.79},{"text":"on","start":125.79,"end":125.87},{"text":"the","start":125.87,"end":125.99},{"text":"ground.","start":125.99,"end":126.59}]},{"text":"Biodiversity is not a financial asset, it is not a financial opportunity to continue destruction, and of course it serves the interests of large corporations, of Global North polluters and destroyers of biodiversity.","start":127.43,"end":143.51,"topics":[{"key":"biodiversity-offsets","label":"Biodiversity Offsets and Credits","description":"Speakers repeatedly challenged biodiversity offsets and credits as a policy tool under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. 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Speakers argued that corporations and polluters should be regulated and held accountable for preventing and repairing harm, instead of being allowed to continue operations through offset schemes."}],"words":[{"text":"Biodiversity","start":127.43,"end":128.23},{"text":"is","start":128.23,"end":128.39},{"text":"not","start":128.39,"end":128.63},{"text":"a","start":128.63,"end":128.71},{"text":"financial","start":128.71,"end":129.43},{"text":"asset,","start":129.43,"end":130.47},{"text":"it","start":130.47,"end":130.55},{"text":"is","start":130.55,"end":130.71},{"text":"not","start":130.71,"end":130.95},{"text":"a","start":130.95,"end":131.03},{"text":"financial","start":131.19,"end":131.87},{"text":"opportunity","start":131.87,"end":132.79},{"text":"to","start":132.79,"end":132.95},{"text":"continue","start":132.95,"end":133.51},{"text":"destruction,","start":133.51,"end":134.39},{"text":"and","start":134.63,"end":134.83},{"text":"of","start":134.83,"end":134.95},{"text":"course","start":134.95,"end":135.43},{"text":"it","start":135.51,"end":135.83},{"text":"serves","start":135.99,"end":136.55},{"text":"the","start":136.55,"end":136.75},{"text":"interests","start":136.75,"end":137.59},{"text":"of","start":137.59,"end":137.71},{"text":"large","start":137.71,"end":138.19},{"text":"corporations,","start":138.19,"end":139.27},{"text":"of","start":139.27,"end":139.43},{"text":"Global","start":139.47,"end":139.83},{"text":"North","start":139.83,"end":140.31},{"text":"polluters","start":140.31,"end":141.19},{"text":"and","start":141.23,"end":141.47},{"text":"destroyers","start":141.67,"end":142.51},{"text":"of","start":142.51,"end":142.63},{"text":"biodiversity.","start":142.63,"end":143.51}]},{"text":"Developed countries must honor their commitments under Article 20 of the Convention.","start":144.47,"end":151.35,"topics":[{"key":"public-biodiversity-finance","label":"Public Biodiversity Finance","description":"Participants called for developed countries to fulfill their financing obligations under Article 20 and to prioritize direct public support for biodiversity protection. They contrasted this with private-market approaches, arguing that much of the money in offset systems goes to intermediaries rather than to communities conserving nature."}],"words":[{"text":"Developed","start":144.47,"end":144.87},{"text":"countries","start":144.87,"end":145.59},{"text":"must","start":145.59,"end":145.95},{"text":"honor","start":146.15,"end":146.71},{"text":"their","start":146.71,"end":146.95},{"text":"commitments","start":146.95,"end":148.07},{"text":"under","start":148.07,"end":148.47},{"text":"Article","start":148.47,"end":149.03},{"text":"20","start":149.03,"end":149.83},{"text":"of","start":149.87,"end":150.07},{"text":"the","start":150.07,"end":150.31},{"text":"Convention.","start":150.31,"end":151.35}]},{"text":"They must fulfill their agreements.","start":151.43,"end":154.39,"topics":[{"key":"public-biodiversity-finance","label":"Public Biodiversity Finance","description":"Participants called for developed countries to fulfill their financing obligations under Article 20 and to prioritize direct public support for biodiversity protection. 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They argued these market mechanisms lack scientific and social integrity, do not deliver real biodiversity gains, and allow ongoing destruction to be repackaged as conservation."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":354.19,"end":354.35},{"text":"start","start":354.35,"end":354.83},{"text":"with,","start":354.91,"end":355.15},{"text":"they","start":355.39,"end":355.67},{"text":"are","start":355.67,"end":355.79},{"text":"not","start":355.79,"end":356.03},{"text":"really","start":356.03,"end":356.31},{"text":"innovative.","start":356.31,"end":357.07}]},{"text":"Biodiversity offsets and credit schemes started in the '70s in the US, and since then, they have been showing social and environmental impact and that they don't really create any gains for biodiversity.","start":357.15,"end":371.23,"topics":[{"key":"biodiversity-offsets","label":"Biodiversity Offsets and Credits","description":"Speakers repeatedly challenged biodiversity offsets and credits as a policy tool under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. They argued these market mechanisms lack scientific and social integrity, do not deliver real biodiversity gains, and allow ongoing destruction to be repackaged as conservation."}],"words":[{"text":"Biodiversity","start":357.15,"end":357.95},{"text":"offsets","start":357.95,"end":358.31},{"text":"and","start":358.31,"end":358.47},{"text":"credit","start":358.47,"end":358.83},{"text":"schemes","start":358.91,"end":359.43},{"text":"started","start":359.43,"end":360.03},{"text":"in","start":360.03,"end":360.19},{"text":"the","start":360.19,"end":360.31},{"text":"'70s","start":360.31,"end":361.87},{"text":"in","start":362.03,"end":362.11},{"text":"the","start":362.15,"end":362.23},{"text":"US,","start":362.23,"end":362.31},{"text":"and","start":362.31,"end":362.43},{"text":"since","start":362.43,"end":362.67},{"text":"then,","start":362.67,"end":363.15},{"text":"they","start":363.15,"end":363.39},{"text":"have","start":363.39,"end":363.63},{"text":"been","start":363.63,"end":364.03},{"text":"showing","start":364.67,"end":365.15},{"text":"social","start":365.39,"end":365.95},{"text":"and","start":365.95,"end":366.07},{"text":"environmental","start":366.07,"end":366.75},{"text":"impact","start":366.75,"end":367.47},{"text":"and","start":367.47,"end":367.63},{"text":"that","start":367.63,"end":367.75},{"text":"they","start":367.75,"end":367.95},{"text":"don't","start":367.95,"end":368.23},{"text":"really","start":368.23,"end":368.51},{"text":"create","start":368.51,"end":369.07},{"text":"any","start":369.15,"end":369.63},{"text":"gains","start":369.63,"end":370.03},{"text":"for","start":370.03,"end":370.19},{"text":"biodiversity.","start":370.19,"end":371.23}]},{"text":"In fact, most of the projects that happened in complex ecosystems like oceans and forests showing that you cannot really recreate these ecosystems because the science of ecosystem restoration is not advanced enough to compensate the losses and recreate these ecosystems that will take years, hundreds of years in some cases, to regenerate in opposition to the very little time that is needed to destroy an ecosystem.","start":371.79,"end":400.07,"topics":[{"key":"biodiversity-offsets","label":"Biodiversity Offsets and Credits","description":"Speakers repeatedly challenged biodiversity offsets and credits as a policy tool under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. 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Good afternoon, everyone.","start":649.93,"end":652.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yeah.","start":649.93,"end":650.13},{"text":"Good","start":651.37,"end":651.61},{"text":"afternoon,","start":651.61,"end":652.09},{"text":"everyone.","start":652.09,"end":652.81}]},{"text":"I can talk about the specific case from the Batang Toru, North Sumatra, a gold mine, a biodiversity offset, and what this model means for indigenous people and local community.","start":653.29,"end":665.45,"topics":[{"key":"extractive-accountability","label":"Extractive Industries and Corporate Accountability","description":"Mining, industrial extraction, and other destructive economic activities were presented as core drivers of biodiversity loss. 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Thank you, Ollie.","start":936.35,"end":938.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":936.35,"end":936.83},{"text":"you.","start":937.07,"end":937.15},{"text":"Thank","start":937.31,"end":937.63},{"text":"you,","start":937.63,"end":937.75},{"text":"Ollie.","start":937.75,"end":938.11}]},{"text":"Yes, go ahead.","start":938.43,"end":939.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yes,","start":938.43,"end":938.91},{"text":"go","start":938.91,"end":939.03},{"text":"ahead.","start":939.03,"end":939.27}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":939.79,"end":940.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":939.79,"end":940.03},{"text":"you.","start":940.03,"end":940.15}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GFC","group":null,"function":"Moderator","affiliation_full":"GFC"}},{"statement_number":6,"start":942.75,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1c/k1cgso5m2o?lang=en&t=15:43","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Sorry. Okay. Uh yeah, I'm I'm going to explain the the the results from people conservation summits happening in August 2026 in Jakarta, Indonesia.","start":942.75,"end":958.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Sorry.","start":942.75,"end":943.31},{"text":"Okay.","start":943.95,"end":944.27},{"text":"Uh","start":945.07,"end":945.11},{"text":"yeah,","start":945.11,"end":945.31},{"text":"I'm","start":946.35,"end":946.71},{"text":"I'm","start":946.83,"end":947.07},{"text":"going","start":947.07,"end":947.23},{"text":"to","start":947.23,"end":947.35},{"text":"explain","start":947.35,"end":947.95},{"text":"the","start":947.95,"end":948.07},{"text":"the","start":948.15,"end":948.23},{"text":"the","start":949.07,"end":949.11},{"text":"results","start":949.11,"end":949.55},{"text":"from","start":949.55,"end":949.87},{"text":"people","start":950.27,"end":950.59},{"text":"conservation","start":951.07,"end":951.87},{"text":"summits","start":952.11,"end":952.67},{"text":"happening","start":953.23,"end":954.07},{"text":"in","start":954.51,"end":954.67},{"text":"August","start":955.63,"end":956.03},{"text":"2026","start":956.11,"end":956.75},{"text":"in","start":956.75,"end":956.83},{"text":"Jakarta,","start":956.83,"end":957.47},{"text":"Indonesia.","start":957.47,"end":958.03}]},{"text":"There is actually, during the discussions of nature financializations, there is a strong statement from communities that actually finance is not their first concerns.","start":959.47,"end":973.71,"topics":[{"key":"public-biodiversity-finance","label":"Public Biodiversity Finance","description":"Participants called for developed countries to fulfill their financing obligations under Article 20 and to prioritize direct public support for biodiversity protection. 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Several speakers stressed that territorial security, participation, and human rights must come before financial instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"communities","start":1154.99,"end":1155.63},{"text":"are","start":1155.63,"end":1155.71},{"text":"gaining","start":1155.71,"end":1156.19},{"text":"anything?","start":1156.19,"end":1156.75}]},{"text":"How is access to decision making?","start":1156.75,"end":1158.75,"topics":[{"key":"community-rights","label":"Indigenous and Community Rights","description":"A major theme was the impact of offset and conservation schemes on Indigenous Peoples and local communities, especially through land grabbing, weak land tenure, displacement, and lack of free, prior and informed consent. Several speakers stressed that territorial security, participation, and human rights must come before financial instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"How","start":1156.75,"end":1156.99},{"text":"is","start":1156.99,"end":1157.23},{"text":"access","start":1157.23,"end":1157.63},{"text":"to","start":1157.63,"end":1157.75},{"text":"decision","start":1157.75,"end":1158.23},{"text":"making?","start":1158.23,"end":1158.75}]},{"text":"So Nele is here also to complement and expose who benefits and who bears also the costs.","start":1158.75,"end":1168.51,"topics":[{"key":"biodiversity-offsets","label":"Biodiversity Offsets and Credits","description":"Speakers repeatedly challenged biodiversity offsets and credits as a policy tool under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. 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Several speakers stressed that territorial security, participation, and human rights must come before financial instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1158.75,"end":1159.15},{"text":"Nele","start":1159.15,"end":1159.55},{"text":"is","start":1160.35,"end":1160.75},{"text":"here","start":1160.75,"end":1161.07},{"text":"also","start":1161.07,"end":1161.39},{"text":"to","start":1161.39,"end":1161.95},{"text":"complement","start":1161.95,"end":1162.83},{"text":"and","start":1162.83,"end":1163.03},{"text":"expose","start":1163.03,"end":1163.95},{"text":"who","start":1164.19,"end":1164.43},{"text":"benefits","start":1164.43,"end":1165.31},{"text":"and","start":1165.59,"end":1165.71},{"text":"who","start":1165.71,"end":1165.87},{"text":"bears","start":1165.87,"end":1166.59},{"text":"also","start":1166.59,"end":1167.31},{"text":"the","start":1167.31,"end":1167.51},{"text":"costs.","start":1167.79,"end":1168.51}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GFC","group":null,"function":"Moderator","affiliation_full":"GFC"}},{"statement_number":8,"start":1170.27,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1c/k1cgso5m2o?lang=en&t=19:31","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Valentina.","start":1170.27,"end":1171.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1170.27,"end":1170.51},{"text":"you","start":1170.51,"end":1170.63},{"text":"very","start":1170.63,"end":1170.91},{"text":"much,","start":1170.91,"end":1171.15},{"text":"Valentina.","start":1171.15,"end":1171.79}]},{"text":"And yes, I was going to pose that question, who benefits and who pays for biodiversity offsets in practice?","start":1171.95,"end":1177.95,"topics":[{"key":"biodiversity-offsets","label":"Biodiversity Offsets and Credits","description":"Speakers repeatedly challenged biodiversity offsets and credits as a policy tool under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. 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They contrasted this with private-market approaches, arguing that much of the money in offset systems goes to intermediaries rather than to communities conserving nature."}],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":1198.59,"end":1198.99},{"text":"not","start":1198.99,"end":1199.31},{"text":"that","start":1199.31,"end":1199.51},{"text":"there","start":1199.51,"end":1199.71},{"text":"is","start":1199.71,"end":1199.87},{"text":"private","start":1199.87,"end":1200.43},{"text":"money","start":1200.43,"end":1200.75},{"text":"flowing","start":1200.75,"end":1201.39},{"text":"to","start":1201.39,"end":1201.47},{"text":"conservation,","start":1201.47,"end":1202.15},{"text":"it's","start":1202.15,"end":1202.43},{"text":"rather","start":1202.43,"end":1202.83},{"text":"the","start":1202.83,"end":1202.95},{"text":"opposite.","start":1202.99,"end":1203.55}]},{"text":"It is thanks to the existence of biodiversity offsets that paying quite cheaply, private enterprises can have the right to keep destroying.","start":1203.87,"end":1216.11,"topics":[{"key":"biodiversity-offsets","label":"Biodiversity Offsets and Credits","description":"Speakers repeatedly challenged biodiversity offsets and credits as a policy tool under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. 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I'm Miles Zulu from Save Environment and People Agency, a local NGO in Zambia, member of WE-CAN Global Network, which support women in the drylands.","start":1704.75,"end":1717.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mm-hmm.","start":1704.75,"end":1705.35},{"text":"I'm","start":1705.55,"end":1705.83},{"text":"Miles","start":1705.83,"end":1706.27},{"text":"Zulu","start":1706.35,"end":1706.75},{"text":"from","start":1706.99,"end":1707.47},{"text":"Save","start":1707.79,"end":1708.11},{"text":"Environment","start":1708.11,"end":1708.87},{"text":"and","start":1708.87,"end":1709.07},{"text":"People","start":1709.07,"end":1709.39},{"text":"Agency,","start":1709.39,"end":1710.03},{"text":"a","start":1710.51,"end":1710.55},{"text":"local","start":1710.55,"end":1710.79},{"text":"NGO","start":1710.79,"end":1711.39},{"text":"in","start":1711.39,"end":1711.63},{"text":"Zambia,","start":1711.63,"end":1712.19},{"text":"member","start":1712.43,"end":1712.83},{"text":"of","start":1712.83,"end":1712.99},{"text":"WE-CAN","start":1712.99,"end":1713.47},{"text":"Global","start":1713.47,"end":1713.87},{"text":"Network,","start":1713.87,"end":1714.43},{"text":"which","start":1714.67,"end":1714.91},{"text":"support","start":1714.91,"end":1715.55},{"text":"women","start":1716.11,"end":1716.59},{"text":"in","start":1716.59,"end":1716.67},{"text":"the","start":1716.67,"end":1716.79},{"text":"drylands.","start":1716.79,"end":1717.55}]},{"text":"I work in the extractive industry.","start":1718.59,"end":1720.59,"topics":[{"key":"extractive-accountability","label":"Extractive Industries and Corporate Accountability","description":"Mining, industrial extraction, and other destructive economic activities were presented as core drivers of biodiversity loss. Speakers argued that corporations and polluters should be regulated and held accountable for preventing and repairing harm, instead of being allowed to continue operations through offset schemes."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1718.59,"end":1718.6},{"text":"work","start":1718.59,"end":1718.91},{"text":"in","start":1718.91,"end":1718.99},{"text":"the","start":1718.99,"end":1719.11},{"text":"extractive","start":1719.11,"end":1719.87},{"text":"industry.","start":1719.87,"end":1720.59}]},{"text":"Where I come from, we have a region which is a new copper belt, and we have three giants mining that is going there.","start":1720.67,"end":1729.63,"topics":[{"key":"extractive-accountability","label":"Extractive Industries and Corporate Accountability","description":"Mining, industrial extraction, and other destructive economic activities were presented as core drivers of biodiversity loss. 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They contrasted this with private-market approaches, arguing that much of the money in offset systems goes to intermediaries rather than to communities conserving nature."},{"key":"community-led-conservation","label":"Community-Led and Non-Market Conservation","description":"Another recurring topic was the promotion of rights-based, community-led, and often women-led conservation as an alternative to nature commodification. 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Speakers argued that corporations and polluters should be regulated and held accountable for preventing and repairing harm, instead of being allowed to continue operations through offset schemes."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1807.63,"end":1807.83},{"text":"yet","start":1807.87,"end":1808.07},{"text":"the","start":1808.07,"end":1808.23},{"text":"people","start":1808.23,"end":1808.63},{"text":"who","start":1808.63,"end":1808.87},{"text":"are","start":1808.87,"end":1809.23},{"text":"ruining","start":1809.23,"end":1809.67},{"text":"the","start":1810.15,"end":1810.27},{"text":"biodiversity","start":1810.27,"end":1811.43},{"text":"are","start":1811.43,"end":1811.59},{"text":"the","start":1811.59,"end":1811.75},{"text":"people","start":1811.75,"end":1812.19},{"text":"who","start":1812.19,"end":1812.31},{"text":"are","start":1812.31,"end":1812.43},{"text":"getting","start":1812.43,"end":1812.95},{"text":"rich","start":1812.95,"end":1813.19},{"text":"out","start":1813.19,"end":1813.71},{"text":"of","start":1813.71,"end":1813.79},{"text":"that.","start":1813.79,"end":1814.23}]},{"text":"So how can we change the scenario?","start":1814.47,"end":1816.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1814.47,"end":1814.67},{"text":"how","start":1814.67,"end":1814.87},{"text":"can","start":1814.87,"end":1815.19},{"text":"we","start":1815.19,"end":1815.27},{"text":"change","start":1815.27,"end":1815.63},{"text":"the","start":1815.63,"end":1815.71},{"text":"scenario?","start":1815.71,"end":1816.31}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":1816.31,"end":1816.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1816.31,"end":1816.79},{"text":"you.","start":1816.79,"end":1816.95}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":null,"group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":null}},{"statement_number":13,"start":1819.83,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1c/k1cgso5m2o?lang=en&t=30:20","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you for your question.","start":1819.83,"end":1821.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1819.83,"end":1820.07},{"text":"you","start":1820.07,"end":1820.15},{"text":"for","start":1820.15,"end":1820.39},{"text":"your","start":1820.39,"end":1820.51},{"text":"question.","start":1820.51,"end":1821.03}]},{"text":"We have only one minute, actually.","start":1821.19,"end":1823.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1821.19,"end":1821.39},{"text":"have","start":1821.39,"end":1821.59},{"text":"only","start":1821.59,"end":1821.83},{"text":"one","start":1821.83,"end":1822.07},{"text":"minute,","start":1822.07,"end":1822.55},{"text":"actually.","start":1822.67,"end":1823.07}]},{"text":"So, yeah, who would like to, Mirna, Nele, Uli, Poli, who would like to answer?","start":1823.07,"end":1829.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So,","start":1823.07,"end":1823.51},{"text":"yeah,","start":1823.51,"end":1823.75},{"text":"who","start":1824.71,"end":1825.03},{"text":"would","start":1825.19,"end":1825.39},{"text":"like","start":1825.39,"end":1825.59},{"text":"to,","start":1825.59,"end":1825.75},{"text":"Mirna,","start":1825.83,"end":1826.31},{"text":"Nele,","start":1826.31,"end":1826.87},{"text":"Uli,","start":1826.95,"end":1827.11},{"text":"Poli,","start":1828.07,"end":1828.47},{"text":"who","start":1828.63,"end":1828.79},{"text":"would","start":1828.79,"end":1829.03},{"text":"like","start":1829.03,"end":1829.19},{"text":"to","start":1829.19,"end":1829.51},{"text":"answer?","start":1829.51,"end":1829.99}]},{"text":"Mirna, go.","start":1831.15,"end":1831.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mirna,","start":1831.15,"end":1831.43},{"text":"go.","start":1831.47,"end":1831.59}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GFC","group":null,"function":"Moderator","affiliation_full":"GFC"}},{"statement_number":14,"start":1832.67,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1c/k1cgso5m2o?lang=en&t=30:33","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":1832.67,"end":1832.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1832.67,"end":1832.91},{"text":"you.","start":1832.91,"end":1832.99}]},{"text":"Okay, I'll make a quick answer to actually both questions because they were relevant.","start":1834.15,"end":1840.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Okay,","start":1834.15,"end":1834.27},{"text":"I'll","start":1834.71,"end":1835.11},{"text":"make","start":1835.43,"end":1835.67},{"text":"a","start":1835.67,"end":1835.71},{"text":"quick","start":1835.71,"end":1835.99},{"text":"answer","start":1835.99,"end":1836.39},{"text":"to","start":1836.39,"end":1836.55},{"text":"actually","start":1837.67,"end":1838.07},{"text":"both","start":1838.07,"end":1838.27},{"text":"questions","start":1838.27,"end":1838.87},{"text":"because","start":1838.87,"end":1839.23},{"text":"they","start":1839.23,"end":1839.35},{"text":"were","start":1839.35,"end":1839.55},{"text":"relevant.","start":1839.55,"end":1840.03}]},{"text":"On the point on environmental defenders, we agree that we need to mainstream the rights of all human rights, especially the rights of vulnerable communities, environmental defenders, biodiversity stewards, because they are the ones who are most affected by these kind of policies.","start":1840.55,"end":1855.75,"topics":[{"key":"community-rights","label":"Indigenous and Community Rights","description":"A major theme was the impact of offset and conservation schemes on Indigenous Peoples and local communities, especially through land grabbing, weak land tenure, displacement, and lack of free, prior and informed consent. 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we can do is to reunite and resist these mechanisms in the CBD, because at least here they are not 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the climate convention, carbon offsetting is completely legitimate.","start":1911.23,"end":1915.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1911.23,"end":1911.43},{"text":"the","start":1911.43,"end":1911.55},{"text":"climate","start":1911.55,"end":1912.07},{"text":"convention,","start":1912.07,"end":1912.83},{"text":"carbon","start":1913.39,"end":1913.79},{"text":"offsetting","start":1913.79,"end":1914.27},{"text":"is","start":1914.27,"end":1914.43},{"text":"completely","start":1914.43,"end":1914.99},{"text":"legitimate.","start":1915.03,"end":1915.95}]},{"text":"There is a protocol that people can just go and purchase carbon credits through the 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oppose.","start":1921.95,"end":1926.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1921.95,"end":1922.03},{"text":"cannot","start":1922.03,"end":1922.31},{"text":"do","start":1922.31,"end":1922.47},{"text":"that","start":1922.47,"end":1922.79},{"text":"yet","start":1923.03,"end":1923.27},{"text":"in","start":1923.51,"end":1923.67},{"text":"the","start":1923.67,"end":1923.75},{"text":"CBD,","start":1923.75,"end":1924.27},{"text":"and","start":1924.27,"end":1924.43},{"text":"that","start":1924.43,"end":1924.55},{"text":"is","start":1924.55,"end":1924.67},{"text":"what","start":1924.67,"end":1924.83},{"text":"we","start":1924.87,"end":1924.99},{"text":"are","start":1924.99,"end":1925.07},{"text":"trying","start":1925.07,"end":1925.51},{"text":"to","start":1925.51,"end":1925.67},{"text":"oppose.","start":1926.15,"end":1926.51}]},{"text":"I will pass it to some friends.","start":1926.95,"end":1928.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1926.95,"end":1926.99},{"text":"will","start":1926.99,"end":1927.11},{"text":"pass","start":1927.19,"end":1927.35},{"text":"it","start":1927.39,"end":1927.47},{"text":"to","start":1927.55,"end":1927.63},{"text":"some","start":1927.63,"end":1927.75},{"text":"friends.","start":1927.75,"end":1928.11}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"TWN","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"TWN"}},{"statement_number":15,"start":1929.35,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1c/k1cgso5m2o?lang=en&t=32:10","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, everyone.","start":1929.35,"end":1930.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1929.35,"end":1929.75},{"text":"you,","start":1929.75,"end":1929.99},{"text":"everyone.","start":1929.99,"end":1930.55}]},{"text":"We have finished, but we will be happy to answer more questions.","start":1931.75,"end":1935.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1931.75,"end":1931.87},{"text":"have","start":1931.87,"end":1932.07},{"text":"finished,","start":1932.07,"end":1932.47},{"text":"but","start":1932.47,"end":1932.63},{"text":"we","start":1932.63,"end":1932.87},{"text":"will","start":1932.87,"end":1933.19},{"text":"be","start":1933.19,"end":1933.51},{"text":"happy","start":1933.75,"end":1934.07},{"text":"to","start":1934.07,"end":1934.23},{"text":"answer","start":1934.23,"end":1934.55},{"text":"more","start":1934.55,"end":1934.79},{"text":"questions.","start":1934.79,"end":1935.59}]},{"text":"We also have publications here.","start":1935.91,"end":1937.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1935.91,"end":1936.11},{"text":"also","start":1936.11,"end":1936.39},{"text":"have","start":1936.39,"end":1936.59},{"text":"publications","start":1936.59,"end":1937.43},{"text":"here.","start":1937.43,"end":1937.83}]},{"text":"We talk a lot about biodiversity offsets, but there are also real solutions.","start":1937.99,"end":1942.79,"topics":[{"key":"community-led-conservation","label":"Community-Led and Non-Market Conservation","description":"Another recurring topic was the promotion of rights-based, community-led, and often women-led conservation as an alternative to nature commodification. Speakers emphasized that real solutions already exist on the ground and should be supported without requiring communities to turn nature into tradable credits."},{"key":"biodiversity-offsets","label":"Biodiversity Offsets and Credits","description":"Speakers repeatedly challenged biodiversity offsets and credits as a policy tool under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. They argued these market mechanisms lack scientific and social integrity, do not deliver real biodiversity gains, and allow ongoing destruction to be repackaged as conservation."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1937.99,"end":1938.31},{"text":"talk","start":1938.31,"end":1938.59},{"text":"a","start":1938.59,"end":1938.63},{"text":"lot","start":1938.63,"end":1938.99},{"text":"about","start":1938.99,"end":1939.31},{"text":"biodiversity","start":1939.31,"end":1940.15},{"text":"offsets,","start":1940.15,"end":1940.63},{"text":"but","start":1940.63,"end":1940.79},{"text":"there","start":1940.79,"end":1941.03},{"text":"are","start":1941.03,"end":1941.19},{"text":"also","start":1941.19,"end":1941.51},{"text":"real","start":1941.51,"end":1941.91},{"text":"solutions.","start":1941.91,"end":1942.79}]},{"text":"that are being implemented by communities on the ground, centered on rights.","start":1943.43,"end":1948.95,"topics":[{"key":"community-led-conservation","label":"Community-Led and Non-Market Conservation","description":"Another recurring topic was the promotion of rights-based, community-led, and often women-led conservation as an alternative to nature commodification. Speakers emphasized that real solutions already exist on the ground and should be supported without requiring communities to turn nature into tradable credits."},{"key":"community-rights","label":"Indigenous and Community Rights","description":"A major theme was the impact of offset and conservation schemes on Indigenous Peoples and local communities, especially through land grabbing, weak land tenure, displacement, and lack of free, prior and informed consent. Several speakers stressed that territorial security, participation, and human rights must come before financial instruments."}],"words":[{"text":"that","start":1943.43,"end":1943.59},{"text":"are","start":1943.59,"end":1943.99},{"text":"being","start":1943.99,"end":1944.63},{"text":"implemented","start":1944.63,"end":1945.39},{"text":"by","start":1945.39,"end":1945.59},{"text":"communities","start":1945.59,"end":1946.71},{"text":"on","start":1946.71,"end":1946.87},{"text":"the","start":1946.87,"end":1946.95},{"text":"ground,","start":1946.95,"end":1947.51},{"text":"centered","start":1947.51,"end":1948.15},{"text":"on","start":1948.15,"end":1948.31},{"text":"rights.","start":1948.31,"end":1948.95}]},{"text":"There are also more material that we have on credits and offsets that we would very much like to share with you.","start":1949.19,"end":1957.91,"topics":[{"key":"biodiversity-offsets","label":"Biodiversity Offsets and Credits","description":"Speakers repeatedly challenged biodiversity offsets and credits as a policy tool under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. They argued these market mechanisms lack scientific and social integrity, do not deliver real biodiversity gains, and allow ongoing destruction to be repackaged as conservation."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":1949.19,"end":1949.39},{"text":"are","start":1949.39,"end":1949.51},{"text":"also","start":1949.51,"end":1949.91},{"text":"more","start":1949.91,"end":1950.63},{"text":"material","start":1950.79,"end":1951.59},{"text":"that","start":1951.59,"end":1951.75},{"text":"we","start":1951.75,"end":1951.99},{"text":"have","start":1951.99,"end":1952.47},{"text":"on","start":1952.47,"end":1952.71},{"text":"credits","start":1952.71,"end":1953.27},{"text":"and","start":1953.27,"end":1953.43},{"text":"offsets","start":1953.43,"end":1954.27},{"text":"that","start":1954.27,"end":1955.43},{"text":"we","start":1955.43,"end":1955.59},{"text":"would","start":1955.59,"end":1955.83},{"text":"very","start":1956.07,"end":1956.31},{"text":"much","start":1956.31,"end":1956.55},{"text":"like","start":1956.55,"end":1956.79},{"text":"to","start":1956.79,"end":1957.03},{"text":"share","start":1957.27,"end":1957.59},{"text":"with","start":1957.59,"end":1957.75},{"text":"you.","start":1957.75,"end":1957.91}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":1958.31,"end":1958.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1958.31,"end":1958.55},{"text":"you.","start":1958.55,"end":1958.71}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GFC","group":null,"function":"Moderator","affiliation_full":"GFC"}}],"topics":[{"key":"community-rights","label":"Indigenous and Community Rights","description":"A major theme was the impact of offset and conservation schemes on Indigenous Peoples and local communities, especially through land grabbing, weak land tenure, displacement, and lack of free, prior and informed consent. Several speakers stressed that territorial security, participation, and human rights must come before financial instruments."},{"key":"biodiversity-offsets","label":"Biodiversity Offsets and Credits","description":"Speakers repeatedly challenged biodiversity offsets and credits as a policy tool under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. They argued these market mechanisms lack scientific and social integrity, do not deliver real biodiversity gains, and allow ongoing destruction to be repackaged as conservation."},{"key":"extractive-accountability","label":"Extractive Industries and Corporate Accountability","description":"Mining, industrial extraction, and other destructive economic activities were presented as core drivers of biodiversity loss. Speakers argued that corporations and polluters should be regulated and held accountable for preventing and repairing harm, instead of being allowed to continue operations through offset schemes."},{"key":"community-led-conservation","label":"Community-Led and Non-Market Conservation","description":"Another recurring topic was the promotion of rights-based, community-led, and often women-led conservation as an alternative to nature commodification. Speakers emphasized that real solutions already exist on the ground and should be supported without requiring communities to turn nature into tradable credits."},{"key":"public-biodiversity-finance","label":"Public Biodiversity Finance","description":"Participants called for developed countries to fulfill their financing obligations under Article 20 and to prioritize direct public support for biodiversity protection. They contrasted this with private-market approaches, arguing that much of the money in offset systems goes to intermediaries rather than to communities conserving nature."}]}}