{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k1m/k1mb3km068","kaltura_id":"1_mb3km068","title":"General Assembly: Intergovernmental negotiations on the question of equitable representation on and increase in the membership of the Security Council and other matters related to the Council - Informal meeting of the plenary, 80th session","clean_title":"General Assembly: Intergovernmental negotiations on the question of equitable representation on and increase in the membership of the Security Council and other matters related to the Council - Informal meeting of the plenary, 80th session","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068","date":"2026-04-14T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-04-14T14:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"02:52:36","category":"General Assembly","body":"General Assembly","event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":"80th session","pv_symbol":null,"pv_part":null,"slug":"asset/k1m/k1mb3km068"},"metadata":{"summary":"General Assembly: Intergovernmental negotiations on the question of equitable representation on and increase in the membership of the Security Council and other matters related to the Council - Informal meeting of the plenary, 80th session","description":"H.E. Mr. Tareq M. A. M. Albanai, Permanent Representative of the State of Kuwait to the United Nations, and H.E. Ms. Lise Gregoire-van Haaren, Permanent Representative of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to the United Nations, have been appointed by the President of the General Assembly as Co-Chairs of the Intergovernmental Negotiations (IGN) on the question of equitable representation on and increase in the membership of the Security Council and other matters related to the Council during the 80th session.","categories":["Meetings & Events","General Assembly","80th Session","Informal Meetings"],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":["INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS","SECURITY COUNCIL"],"corporate_name":["GENERAL ASSEMBLY","SECURITY COUNCIL"],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[{"title":"Website","url":"https://www.un.org/en/ga/screform/"}]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"assemblyai-universal-3-5-pro-e65e209f-4d82-480d-865d-91dea1693bd8","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":6.088,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=7","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, good morning.","start":6.088,"end":9.18,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Excellencies,","start":6.088,"end":6.604},{"text":"ladies","start":6.877,"end":7.135},{"text":"and","start":7.2,"end":7.344},{"text":"gentlemen,","start":7.344,"end":7.811},{"text":"good","start":8.649,"end":8.778},{"text":"morning.","start":8.794,"end":9.18}]},{"text":"I call to order the 5th informal meeting of the Plenary on the question of equitable representation on an increase in the membership of the Security Council and other matters related to the Council.","start":10.904,"end":27.738,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10.904,"end":10.952},{"text":"call","start":11.065,"end":11.274},{"text":"to","start":11.387,"end":11.515},{"text":"order","start":11.532,"end":12.031},{"text":"the","start":12.9,"end":13.061},{"text":"5th","start":13.061,"end":13.416},{"text":"informal","start":13.641,"end":14.221},{"text":"meeting","start":14.221,"end":14.656},{"text":"of","start":14.769,"end":14.865},{"text":"the","start":14.913,"end":14.962},{"text":"Plenary","start":15.22,"end":16.191},{"text":"on","start":17.34,"end":17.438},{"text":"the","start":17.438,"end":17.6},{"text":"question","start":17.6,"end":18.037},{"text":"of","start":18.474,"end":18.62},{"text":"equitable","start":18.717,"end":19.3},{"text":"representation","start":19.3,"end":20.239},{"text":"on","start":20.498,"end":20.724},{"text":"an","start":21.226,"end":21.291},{"text":"increase","start":21.469,"end":21.874},{"text":"in","start":22.117,"end":22.246},{"text":"the","start":22.457,"end":22.57},{"text":"membership","start":22.57,"end":23.266},{"text":"of","start":23.347,"end":23.493},{"text":"the","start":23.493,"end":23.687},{"text":"Security","start":23.72,"end":23.965},{"text":"Council","start":23.982,"end":24.556},{"text":"and","start":25.376,"end":25.441},{"text":"other","start":25.54,"end":25.77},{"text":"matters","start":25.786,"end":26.343},{"text":"related","start":26.442,"end":26.999},{"text":"to","start":27.114,"end":27.262},{"text":"the","start":27.262,"end":27.36},{"text":"Council.","start":27.36,"end":27.738}]},{"text":"My fellow co-chair and I would like to extend a warm welcome to all of you.","start":31.411,"end":36.458,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":31.411,"end":31.587},{"text":"fellow","start":31.587,"end":31.907},{"text":"co-chair","start":31.907,"end":32.484},{"text":"and","start":32.612,"end":32.692},{"text":"I","start":32.773,"end":32.821},{"text":"would","start":33.349,"end":33.51},{"text":"like","start":33.51,"end":33.766},{"text":"to","start":33.766,"end":33.846},{"text":"extend","start":33.894,"end":34.359},{"text":"a","start":34.551,"end":34.567},{"text":"warm","start":34.631,"end":35.032},{"text":"welcome","start":35.032,"end":35.593},{"text":"to","start":35.817,"end":35.865},{"text":"all","start":35.977,"end":36.153},{"text":"of","start":36.153,"end":36.378},{"text":"you.","start":36.378,"end":36.458}]},{"text":"We would like to thank all delegations for their active and constructive participation during the IGN Plenary on 20 February.","start":37.66,"end":45.896,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":37.66,"end":37.82},{"text":"would","start":37.82,"end":37.916},{"text":"like","start":37.98,"end":38.156},{"text":"to","start":38.156,"end":38.236},{"text":"thank","start":38.317,"end":38.621},{"text":"all","start":38.701,"end":38.749},{"text":"delegations","start":38.877,"end":39.679},{"text":"for","start":40.384,"end":40.48},{"text":"their","start":40.48,"end":40.784},{"text":"active","start":40.784,"end":41.201},{"text":"and","start":41.201,"end":41.313},{"text":"constructive","start":41.361,"end":42.13},{"text":"participation","start":42.146,"end":43.011},{"text":"during","start":43.107,"end":43.332},{"text":"the","start":43.348,"end":43.428},{"text":"IGN","start":43.428,"end":43.973},{"text":"Plenary","start":44.069,"end":44.453},{"text":"on","start":44.63,"end":44.694},{"text":"20","start":44.79,"end":45.174},{"text":"February.","start":45.271,"end":45.896}]},{"text":"We would also like to express our gratitude to delegations for their participation during the informal, informal discussion, the Taxol Talks, As indicated in our letter dated 7 April, this meeting will focus on a cluster discussion on the question of the veto with the following guiding questions to facilitate discussion and reflection.","start":46.889,"end":72.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":46.889,"end":47.049},{"text":"would","start":47.049,"end":47.29},{"text":"also","start":47.354,"end":47.61},{"text":"like","start":47.61,"end":47.866},{"text":"to","start":47.866,"end":47.995},{"text":"express","start":47.995,"end":48.475},{"text":"our","start":48.475,"end":48.635},{"text":"gratitude","start":48.635,"end":49.276},{"text":"to","start":49.276,"end":49.373},{"text":"delegations","start":49.373,"end":50.19},{"text":"for","start":50.254,"end":50.382},{"text":"their","start":50.414,"end":50.638},{"text":"participation","start":50.638,"end":51.504},{"text":"during","start":52.257,"end":52.465},{"text":"the","start":52.497,"end":52.657},{"text":"informal,","start":52.657,"end":53.17},{"text":"informal","start":53.218,"end":53.763},{"text":"discussion,","start":53.763,"end":54.388},{"text":"the","start":54.42,"end":54.58},{"text":"Taxol","start":54.58,"end":55.045},{"text":"Talks,","start":55.077,"end":55.541},{"text":"As","start":60.262,"end":60.406},{"text":"indicated","start":60.583,"end":61.081},{"text":"in","start":61.081,"end":61.177},{"text":"our","start":61.177,"end":61.402},{"text":"letter","start":61.627,"end":61.916},{"text":"dated","start":62.205,"end":62.574},{"text":"7","start":62.622,"end":63.04},{"text":"April,","start":63.072,"end":63.521},{"text":"this","start":63.955,"end":64.196},{"text":"meeting","start":64.196,"end":64.581},{"text":"will","start":64.918,"end":65.047},{"text":"focus","start":65.095,"end":65.464},{"text":"on","start":65.561,"end":65.609},{"text":"a","start":65.641,"end":65.737},{"text":"cluster","start":65.737,"end":66.203},{"text":"discussion","start":66.203,"end":66.669},{"text":"on","start":66.925,"end":66.99},{"text":"the","start":67.022,"end":67.102},{"text":"question","start":67.102,"end":67.471},{"text":"of","start":67.487,"end":67.552},{"text":"the","start":67.584,"end":67.664},{"text":"veto","start":67.664,"end":68.13},{"text":"with","start":68.692,"end":68.756},{"text":"the","start":68.772,"end":68.868},{"text":"following","start":68.868,"end":69.238},{"text":"guiding","start":69.35,"end":69.623},{"text":"questions","start":69.735,"end":70.153},{"text":"to","start":70.233,"end":70.313},{"text":"facilitate","start":70.313,"end":71.02},{"text":"discussion","start":71.02,"end":71.486},{"text":"and","start":72.064,"end":72.176},{"text":"reflection.","start":72.224,"end":72.69}]},{"text":"These questions are intended to facilitate discussion and reflection.","start":73.766,"end":77.073,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":73.766,"end":73.894},{"text":"questions","start":74.006,"end":74.488},{"text":"are","start":74.633,"end":74.729},{"text":"intended","start":74.729,"end":75.098},{"text":"to","start":75.13,"end":75.211},{"text":"facilitate","start":75.211,"end":75.917},{"text":"discussion","start":75.917,"end":76.415},{"text":"and","start":76.479,"end":76.559},{"text":"reflection.","start":76.559,"end":77.073}]},{"text":"They are not meant to limit the scope of interventions.","start":77.137,"end":80.317,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":77.137,"end":77.186},{"text":"are","start":77.202,"end":77.25},{"text":"not","start":77.298,"end":77.699},{"text":"meant","start":77.699,"end":78.085},{"text":"to","start":78.085,"end":78.149},{"text":"limit","start":78.261,"end":78.518},{"text":"the","start":78.583,"end":78.615},{"text":"scope","start":78.663,"end":79.241},{"text":"of","start":79.45,"end":79.53},{"text":"interventions.","start":79.546,"end":80.317}]},{"text":"So here are the questions.","start":82.131,"end":83.608,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":82.131,"end":82.436},{"text":"here","start":82.677,"end":82.95},{"text":"are","start":82.998,"end":83.062},{"text":"the","start":83.062,"end":83.159},{"text":"questions.","start":83.159,"end":83.608}]},{"text":"Given that proposals have been made to create a new category of permanent members without veto rights, how might concerns about a 2-tiered permanent membership be addressed?","start":83.721,"end":92.841,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Given","start":83.721,"end":83.978},{"text":"that","start":84.026,"end":84.122},{"text":"proposals","start":84.122,"end":84.636},{"text":"have","start":84.684,"end":84.829},{"text":"been","start":84.829,"end":84.941},{"text":"made","start":84.941,"end":85.214},{"text":"to","start":85.246,"end":85.375},{"text":"create","start":85.407,"end":85.792},{"text":"a","start":85.792,"end":85.808},{"text":"new","start":85.824,"end":86.065},{"text":"category","start":86.129,"end":86.579},{"text":"of","start":86.675,"end":86.739},{"text":"permanent","start":86.836,"end":87.173},{"text":"members","start":87.173,"end":87.51},{"text":"without","start":87.558,"end":87.767},{"text":"veto","start":87.815,"end":88.136},{"text":"rights,","start":88.217,"end":88.618},{"text":"how","start":88.682,"end":88.811},{"text":"might","start":88.875,"end":89.34},{"text":"concerns","start":89.34,"end":89.87},{"text":"about","start":89.919,"end":90.159},{"text":"a","start":90.159,"end":90.336},{"text":"2-tiered","start":90.368,"end":90.914},{"text":"permanent","start":91.01,"end":91.348},{"text":"membership","start":91.348,"end":92.006},{"text":"be","start":92.054,"end":92.215},{"text":"addressed?","start":92.231,"end":92.841}]},{"text":"Given that proposals have been made to extend full veto rights to any new permanent members on an equal footing with the current P5, what conditions, if any, should govern such extension?","start":94.318,"end":105.204,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Given","start":94.318,"end":94.607},{"text":"that","start":94.703,"end":94.8},{"text":"proposals","start":94.8,"end":95.41},{"text":"have","start":95.442,"end":95.538},{"text":"been","start":95.587,"end":95.635},{"text":"made","start":95.635,"end":95.972},{"text":"to","start":96.004,"end":96.084},{"text":"extend","start":96.1,"end":96.55},{"text":"full","start":96.55,"end":96.855},{"text":"veto","start":96.887,"end":97.272},{"text":"rights","start":97.353,"end":97.61},{"text":"to","start":97.61,"end":97.77},{"text":"any","start":97.85,"end":98.011},{"text":"new","start":98.011,"end":98.3},{"text":"permanent","start":98.477,"end":98.878},{"text":"members","start":98.878,"end":99.183},{"text":"on","start":99.36,"end":99.44},{"text":"an","start":99.44,"end":99.585},{"text":"equal","start":99.681,"end":99.922},{"text":"footing","start":99.922,"end":100.291},{"text":"with","start":100.323,"end":100.403},{"text":"the","start":100.403,"end":100.564},{"text":"current","start":100.564,"end":100.821},{"text":"P5,","start":100.821,"end":101.463},{"text":"what","start":101.849,"end":102.009},{"text":"conditions,","start":102.025,"end":102.603},{"text":"if","start":102.732,"end":102.844},{"text":"any,","start":102.973,"end":103.197},{"text":"should","start":103.615,"end":103.872},{"text":"govern","start":103.872,"end":104.161},{"text":"such","start":104.289,"end":104.562},{"text":"extension?","start":104.755,"end":105.204}]},{"text":"Could limitations to the use of the veto serve as a basis for broader consensus on veto reform?","start":106.65,"end":111.987,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Could","start":106.65,"end":106.794},{"text":"limitations","start":106.922,"end":107.579},{"text":"to","start":107.627,"end":107.724},{"text":"the","start":107.724,"end":107.868},{"text":"use","start":107.868,"end":108.06},{"text":"of","start":108.06,"end":108.188},{"text":"the","start":108.188,"end":108.269},{"text":"veto","start":108.285,"end":108.621},{"text":"serve","start":108.621,"end":108.942},{"text":"as","start":108.942,"end":109.054},{"text":"a","start":109.086,"end":109.166},{"text":"basis","start":109.166,"end":109.631},{"text":"for","start":109.631,"end":109.711},{"text":"broader","start":109.791,"end":110.128},{"text":"consensus","start":110.128,"end":110.737},{"text":"on","start":110.833,"end":110.978},{"text":"veto","start":111.074,"end":111.458},{"text":"reform?","start":111.491,"end":111.987}]},{"text":"If so, would there be differentiation between current and possible new members holding that prerogative, and what parameters or limitations might be appropriate, ranging from voluntary restraint to a qualifying mechanism?","start":112.853,"end":125.885,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"If","start":112.853,"end":113.029},{"text":"so,","start":113.029,"end":113.206},{"text":"would","start":114.135,"end":114.296},{"text":"there","start":114.296,"end":114.52},{"text":"be","start":114.52,"end":114.68},{"text":"differentiation","start":114.696,"end":115.498},{"text":"between","start":115.498,"end":115.787},{"text":"current","start":115.899,"end":116.299},{"text":"and","start":116.299,"end":116.364},{"text":"possible","start":116.364,"end":116.861},{"text":"new","start":116.861,"end":117.053},{"text":"members","start":117.117,"end":117.47},{"text":"holding","start":117.566,"end":117.79},{"text":"that","start":117.886,"end":118.063},{"text":"prerogative,","start":118.063,"end":118.832},{"text":"and","start":118.944,"end":119.057},{"text":"what","start":119.089,"end":119.345},{"text":"parameters","start":119.345,"end":119.954},{"text":"or","start":119.986,"end":120.034},{"text":"limitations","start":120.131,"end":120.804},{"text":"might","start":120.852,"end":120.98},{"text":"be","start":121.028,"end":121.124},{"text":"appropriate,","start":121.124,"end":121.846},{"text":"ranging","start":122.391,"end":122.76},{"text":"from","start":122.856,"end":123},{"text":"voluntary","start":123.176,"end":123.721},{"text":"restraint","start":123.753,"end":124.282},{"text":"to","start":124.314,"end":124.459},{"text":"a","start":124.459,"end":124.619},{"text":"qualifying","start":124.619,"end":125.164},{"text":"mechanism?","start":125.276,"end":125.885}]},{"text":"And what form should a possible qualifying mechanism take, for example, a requirement for concurrency across regional groups, an obligation on the vetoing member to provide a formal justification, or a higher, higher approval threshold before a veto can be 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might such a mechanism be designed to balance the prerogatives of permanent members with the broader accountability of the Security Council to the membership as a whole?","start":145.196,"end":153.913,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"How","start":145.196,"end":145.309},{"text":"might","start":145.439,"end":145.681},{"text":"such","start":145.681,"end":145.907},{"text":"a","start":146.004,"end":146.02},{"text":"mechanism","start":146.02,"end":146.552},{"text":"be","start":146.585,"end":146.746},{"text":"designed","start":146.746,"end":147.198},{"text":"to","start":147.295,"end":147.408},{"text":"balance","start":147.473,"end":147.876},{"text":"the","start":147.876,"end":147.957},{"text":"prerogatives","start":147.957,"end":148.619},{"text":"of","start":148.619,"end":148.732},{"text":"permanent","start":148.909,"end":149.329},{"text":"members","start":149.329,"end":149.62},{"text":"with","start":149.733,"end":149.879},{"text":"the","start":149.879,"end":149.927},{"text":"broader","start":149.976,"end":150.365},{"text":"accountability","start":150.365,"end":151.191},{"text":"of","start":151.191,"end":151.272},{"text":"the","start":151.272,"end":151.353},{"text":"Security","start":151.353,"end":151.888},{"text":"Council","start":151.92,"end":152.406},{"text":"to","start":152.406,"end":152.503},{"text":"the","start":152.503,"end":152.617},{"text":"membership","start":152.617,"end":153.168},{"text":"as","start":153.524,"end":153.589},{"text":"a","start":153.686,"end":153.702},{"text":"whole?","start":153.767,"end":153.913}]},{"text":"Delegations were invited to inscribe on the list of speakers via e-delegate and a live link to the list of speakers was circulated to all delegations.","start":155.241,"end":164.748,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Delegations","start":155.241,"end":155.857},{"text":"were","start":155.89,"end":156.052},{"text":"invited","start":156.052,"end":156.424},{"text":"to","start":156.457,"end":156.586},{"text":"inscribe","start":156.602,"end":157.169},{"text":"on","start":157.169,"end":157.234},{"text":"the","start":157.25,"end":157.348},{"text":"list","start":157.348,"end":157.591},{"text":"of","start":157.591,"end":157.672},{"text":"speakers","start":157.672,"end":158.125},{"text":"via","start":158.563,"end":158.952},{"text":"e-delegate","start":159.033,"end":161.139},{"text":"and","start":159.962,"end":160.027},{"text":"a","start":160.123,"end":160.139},{"text":"live","start":160.203,"end":160.589},{"text":"link","start":160.589,"end":161.022},{"text":"to","start":161.247,"end":161.343},{"text":"the","start":161.408,"end":161.488},{"text":"list","start":161.729,"end":161.97},{"text":"of","start":161.97,"end":162.034},{"text":"speakers","start":162.05,"end":162.419},{"text":"was","start":162.516,"end":162.612},{"text":"circulated","start":162.612,"end":163.64},{"text":"to","start":163.64,"end":163.848},{"text":"all","start":163.88,"end":163.929},{"text":"delegations.","start":163.993,"end":164.748}]},{"text":"At this stage, any delegation who wishes to be addressed— added, sorry, to the existing list of speakers should inform the Secretariat's 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delegation wishing to speak on behalf of a group of states should inform the Secretariat in order to be given 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co-chairs also encouraged delegations to adhere to the time limits we have established.","start":183.968,"end":188.721,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":183.968,"end":184.048},{"text":"co-chairs","start":184.113,"end":184.659},{"text":"also","start":184.835,"end":185.076},{"text":"encouraged","start":185.092,"end":185.574},{"text":"delegations","start":185.574,"end":186.184},{"text":"to","start":186.216,"end":186.313},{"text":"adhere","start":186.361,"end":186.65},{"text":"to","start":186.762,"end":186.842},{"text":"the","start":186.842,"end":187.019},{"text":"time","start":187.019,"end":187.228},{"text":"limits","start":187.324,"end":187.95},{"text":"we","start":187.726,"end":187.822},{"text":"have","start":187.822,"end":188.079},{"text":"established.","start":188.127,"end":188.721}]},{"text":"Statements delivered on behalf of a group of states will be limited to 5 minutes, and national statements will be limited to 3 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assist speakers with the time management, we have projected the on-screen timer on the screens.","start":198.66,"end":204.248,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":198.66,"end":198.789},{"text":"assist","start":198.821,"end":199.222},{"text":"speakers","start":199.222,"end":199.672},{"text":"with","start":199.704,"end":199.864},{"text":"the","start":199.864,"end":199.945},{"text":"time","start":199.945,"end":200.153},{"text":"management,","start":200.266,"end":200.764},{"text":"we","start":200.828,"end":200.972},{"text":"have","start":200.972,"end":201.117},{"text":"projected","start":201.149,"end":201.743},{"text":"the","start":202.193,"end":202.337},{"text":"on-screen","start":202.433,"end":202.899},{"text":"timer","start":202.995,"end":203.493},{"text":"on","start":203.638,"end":203.718},{"text":"the","start":203.718,"end":203.814},{"text":"screens.","start":203.814,"end":204.248}]},{"text":"We encourage delegations to listen to each other, engage constructively, and seek areas of convergence in our meetings.","start":205.404,"end":212.437,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":205.404,"end":205.548},{"text":"encourage","start":205.548,"end":205.982},{"text":"delegations","start":205.982,"end":206.608},{"text":"to","start":206.672,"end":206.769},{"text":"listen","start":206.833,"end":207.058},{"text":"to","start":207.17,"end":207.266},{"text":"each","start":207.266,"end":207.491},{"text":"other,","start":207.491,"end":207.78},{"text":"engage","start":208.198,"end":208.567},{"text":"constructively,","start":208.599,"end":209.306},{"text":"and","start":209.418,"end":209.482},{"text":"seek","start":209.514,"end":209.884},{"text":"areas","start":209.964,"end":210.349},{"text":"of","start":210.542,"end":210.67},{"text":"convergence","start":210.703,"end":211.377},{"text":"in","start":211.746,"end":211.794},{"text":"our","start":211.827,"end":211.987},{"text":"meetings.","start":211.987,"end":212.437}]},{"text":"In that light, we invite delegations to focus their intervention on any evolution in their positions, including new elements they might wish to 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the list of speakers is exhausted, we will hold an interactive discussion on the question of the veto and allow for member states and groups of states to respond to views and proposals put, put forth during the meetings in a closed meeting without 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we begin, I would like to remind members that delegations are encouraged to email a copy of their statements to estatements@un.org for the publication on the repository website as well as to facilitate interpretation.","start":239.209,"end":255.443,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Before","start":239.209,"end":239.486},{"text":"we","start":239.534,"end":239.697},{"text":"begin,","start":239.697,"end":239.99},{"text":"I","start":240.511,"end":240.576},{"text":"would","start":240.576,"end":240.674},{"text":"like","start":240.739,"end":240.934},{"text":"to","start":240.934,"end":241.064},{"text":"remind","start":241.064,"end":241.536},{"text":"members","start":241.552,"end":242.024},{"text":"that","start":242.301,"end":242.529},{"text":"delegations","start":242.529,"end":243.261},{"text":"are","start":243.261,"end":243.294},{"text":"encouraged","start":243.294,"end":243.814},{"text":"to","start":243.847,"end":243.945},{"text":"email","start":244.075,"end":244.417},{"text":"a","start":244.417,"end":244.498},{"text":"copy","start":244.498,"end":244.71},{"text":"of","start":244.758,"end":244.871},{"text":"their","start":244.903,"end":245.065},{"text":"statements","start":245.065,"end":245.646},{"text":"to","start":245.646,"end":245.872},{"text":"estatements@un.org","start":245.872,"end":248.457},{"text":"for","start":249.167,"end":249.264},{"text":"the","start":249.264,"end":249.409},{"text":"publication","start":249.409,"end":250.039},{"text":"on","start":250.072,"end":250.12},{"text":"the","start":250.169,"end":250.298},{"text":"repository","start":250.298,"end":250.976},{"text":"website","start":251.041,"end":251.671},{"text":"as","start":251.751,"end":251.816},{"text":"well","start":251.994,"end":252.268},{"text":"as","start":253.043,"end":253.189},{"text":"to","start":253.221,"end":253.27},{"text":"facilitate","start":253.27,"end":254.132},{"text":"interpretation.","start":254.696,"end":255.443}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Brazil.","start":258.27,"end":261.764,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":258.27,"end":258.286},{"text":"now","start":258.286,"end":258.416},{"text":"give","start":258.627,"end":258.79},{"text":"the","start":258.79,"end":258.936},{"text":"floor","start":258.936,"end":259.375},{"text":"to","start":259.456,"end":259.586},{"text":"the","start":259.586,"end":259.684},{"text":"distinguished","start":259.684,"end":260.188},{"text":"representative","start":260.188,"end":261.033},{"text":"of","start":261.212,"end":261.277},{"text":"Brazil.","start":261.374,"end":261.764}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IGN","affiliation_full":"IGN","group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":2,"start":265.048,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=266","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Good morning, distinguished co-chairs, colleagues.","start":265.048,"end":270.909,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":265.048,"end":265.113},{"text":"morning,","start":265.209,"end":265.483},{"text":"distinguished","start":266.594,"end":267.254},{"text":"co-chairs,","start":267.64,"end":268.172},{"text":"colleagues.","start":270.458,"end":270.909}]},{"text":"I have the honor to deliver these remarks on behalf of the G4— India, Germany, Japan, and my country, Brazil.","start":272.454,"end":279.502,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":272.454,"end":272.47},{"text":"have","start":272.47,"end":272.631},{"text":"the","start":272.631,"end":272.696},{"text":"honor","start":272.776,"end":273.018},{"text":"to","start":273.018,"end":273.179},{"text":"deliver","start":273.179,"end":273.565},{"text":"these","start":273.662,"end":273.807},{"text":"remarks","start":273.903,"end":274.354},{"text":"on","start":274.387,"end":274.451},{"text":"behalf","start":274.484,"end":274.824},{"text":"of","start":274.824,"end":274.905},{"text":"the","start":274.953,"end":275.05},{"text":"G4—","start":275.05,"end":275.407},{"text":"India,","start":276.669,"end":277.058},{"text":"Germany,","start":277.139,"end":277.527},{"text":"Japan,","start":277.722,"end":278.175},{"text":"and","start":278.288,"end":278.353},{"text":"my","start":278.369,"end":278.466},{"text":"country,","start":278.596,"end":278.984},{"text":"Brazil.","start":279.178,"end":279.502}]},{"text":"Before I address the issue at schedule for today, let me state that the G4 welcomes the recent submission of the African model.","start":280.959,"end":288.136,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Before","start":280.959,"end":281.234},{"text":"I","start":281.283,"end":281.364},{"text":"address","start":281.364,"end":281.639},{"text":"the","start":281.769,"end":281.85},{"text":"issue","start":281.85,"end":282.092},{"text":"at","start":282.092,"end":282.19},{"text":"schedule","start":282.19,"end":282.659},{"text":"for","start":282.724,"end":282.87},{"text":"today,","start":282.982,"end":283.337},{"text":"let","start":284.029,"end":284.142},{"text":"me","start":284.19,"end":284.271},{"text":"state","start":284.271,"end":284.738},{"text":"that","start":284.738,"end":284.834},{"text":"the","start":284.834,"end":284.915},{"text":"G4","start":284.979,"end":285.35},{"text":"welcomes","start":285.543,"end":286.01},{"text":"the","start":286.107,"end":286.187},{"text":"recent","start":286.204,"end":286.526},{"text":"submission","start":286.526,"end":287.057},{"text":"of","start":287.154,"end":287.202},{"text":"the","start":287.25,"end":287.395},{"text":"African","start":287.395,"end":287.782},{"text":"model.","start":287.814,"end":288.136}]},{"text":"Today, Once again, we must repeat ourselves.","start":289.972,"end":293.428,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Today,","start":289.972,"end":290.311},{"text":"Once","start":290.709,"end":290.958},{"text":"again,","start":290.958,"end":291.173},{"text":"we","start":292.052,"end":292.151},{"text":"must","start":292.151,"end":292.466},{"text":"repeat","start":292.466,"end":292.848},{"text":"ourselves.","start":292.897,"end":293.428}]},{"text":"It is urgent to move away from theoretical discussions framed on the 5 clusters and finally move towards concrete action in the IGN.","start":294.906,"end":304.339,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":294.906,"end":294.97},{"text":"is","start":294.97,"end":295.051},{"text":"urgent","start":295.099,"end":295.552},{"text":"to","start":295.826,"end":295.971},{"text":"move","start":295.971,"end":296.197},{"text":"away","start":296.197,"end":296.488},{"text":"from","start":296.682,"end":296.827},{"text":"theoretical","start":296.94,"end":297.554},{"text":"discussions","start":297.602,"end":298.313},{"text":"framed","start":298.458,"end":298.958},{"text":"on","start":299.039,"end":299.088},{"text":"the","start":299.12,"end":299.265},{"text":"5","start":299.265,"end":299.572},{"text":"clusters","start":299.588,"end":300.056},{"text":"and","start":301.138,"end":301.203},{"text":"finally","start":301.3,"end":301.703},{"text":"move","start":301.703,"end":301.897},{"text":"towards","start":301.946,"end":302.317},{"text":"concrete","start":302.43,"end":302.914},{"text":"action","start":302.914,"end":303.286},{"text":"in","start":303.544,"end":303.593},{"text":"the","start":303.69,"end":303.787},{"text":"IGN.","start":303.868,"end":304.339}]},{"text":"This means timely development of a consolidated model based on the models presented by member states.","start":305.817,"end":312.475,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":305.817,"end":306.061},{"text":"means","start":306.061,"end":306.369},{"text":"timely","start":307.132,"end":307.538},{"text":"development","start":307.538,"end":308.123},{"text":"of","start":308.123,"end":308.172},{"text":"a","start":308.204,"end":308.269},{"text":"consolidated","start":308.269,"end":309.049},{"text":"model","start":309.081,"end":309.536},{"text":"based","start":310.056,"end":310.445},{"text":"on","start":310.445,"end":310.51},{"text":"the","start":310.526,"end":310.591},{"text":"models","start":310.608,"end":311.079},{"text":"presented","start":311.176,"end":311.728},{"text":"by","start":311.761,"end":311.809},{"text":"member","start":311.81,"end":312.069},{"text":"states.","start":312.069,"end":312.475}]},{"text":"This is what we agreed in the Pact for the 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consolidated model must be a precursor to text-based negotiations.","start":334.205,"end":338.24,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":334.205,"end":334.35},{"text":"consolidated","start":334.35,"end":334.917},{"text":"model","start":334.949,"end":335.403},{"text":"must","start":335.436,"end":335.614},{"text":"be","start":335.663,"end":335.744},{"text":"a","start":335.76,"end":335.841},{"text":"precursor","start":335.841,"end":336.392},{"text":"to","start":336.57,"end":336.732},{"text":"text-based","start":336.732,"end":337.413},{"text":"negotiations.","start":337.446,"end":338.24}]},{"text":"Proposals not presented by Member States may be helpful at a later stage of text-based negotiations.","start":339.31,"end":345.025,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Proposals","start":339.31,"end":339.829},{"text":"not","start":340.039,"end":340.169},{"text":"presented","start":340.218,"end":340.704},{"text":"by","start":340.704,"end":340.801},{"text":"Member","start":340.801,"end":341.093},{"text":"States","start":341.093,"end":341.612},{"text":"may","start":341.612,"end":341.758},{"text":"be","start":341.758,"end":341.855},{"text":"helpful","start":341.904,"end":342.293},{"text":"at","start":342.39,"end":342.487},{"text":"a","start":342.487,"end":342.633},{"text":"later","start":342.633,"end":342.892},{"text":"stage","start":342.892,"end":343.346},{"text":"of","start":343.525,"end":343.573},{"text":"text-based","start":343.606,"end":344.366},{"text":"negotiations.","start":344.366,"end":345.025}]},{"text":"The time for bridging proposals is not during formulation of the consolidated model, but, if needed, during text-based negotiations.","start":346.589,"end":353.954,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":346.589,"end":346.67},{"text":"time","start":346.67,"end":346.99},{"text":"for","start":346.99,"end":347.151},{"text":"bridging","start":347.151,"end":347.408},{"text":"proposals","start":347.408,"end":347.937},{"text":"is","start":347.985,"end":348.017},{"text":"not","start":348.065,"end":348.226},{"text":"during","start":348.29,"end":348.547},{"text":"formulation","start":348.595,"end":349.173},{"text":"of","start":349.173,"end":349.253},{"text":"the","start":349.253,"end":349.333},{"text":"consolidated","start":349.333,"end":350.023},{"text":"model,","start":350.055,"end":350.424},{"text":"but,","start":351.098,"end":351.274},{"text":"if","start":351.403,"end":351.451},{"text":"needed,","start":351.515,"end":351.9},{"text":"during","start":352.221,"end":352.51},{"text":"text-based","start":352.542,"end":353.168},{"text":"negotiations.","start":353.184,"end":353.954}]},{"text":"Such negotiations must commence, finally, at the earliest, without fail.","start":354.965,"end":360.115,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":354.965,"end":355.238},{"text":"negotiations","start":355.286,"end":356.12},{"text":"must","start":356.232,"end":356.457},{"text":"commence,","start":356.457,"end":356.826},{"text":"finally,","start":357.42,"end":357.805},{"text":"at","start":358.398,"end":358.479},{"text":"the","start":358.479,"end":358.655},{"text":"earliest,","start":358.655,"end":359.201},{"text":"without","start":359.586,"end":359.794},{"text":"fail.","start":359.923,"end":360.115}]},{"text":"Dear Co-Chairs, colleagues, the G4 position on the veto is well established.","start":361.511,"end":367.4,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"Dear","start":361.511,"end":361.64},{"text":"Co-Chairs,","start":361.672,"end":362.217},{"text":"colleagues,","start":363.051,"end":363.501},{"text":"the","start":364.816,"end":364.961},{"text":"G4","start":364.961,"end":365.362},{"text":"position","start":365.362,"end":365.747},{"text":"on","start":365.843,"end":365.891},{"text":"the","start":365.924,"end":366.02},{"text":"veto","start":366.02,"end":366.341},{"text":"is","start":366.357,"end":366.501},{"text":"well","start":366.581,"end":366.694},{"text":"established.","start":366.758,"end":367.4}]},{"text":"New permanent members should, as a principle, have the same responsibilities and obligations as current ones.","start":368.427,"end":373.497,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"New","start":368.427,"end":368.539},{"text":"permanent","start":368.667,"end":368.956},{"text":"members","start":368.988,"end":369.357},{"text":"should,","start":369.389,"end":369.63},{"text":"as","start":369.646,"end":369.758},{"text":"a","start":369.79,"end":369.871},{"text":"principle,","start":369.871,"end":370.304},{"text":"have","start":370.416,"end":370.593},{"text":"the","start":370.593,"end":370.689},{"text":"same","start":370.689,"end":371.058},{"text":"responsibilities","start":371.058,"end":371.924},{"text":"and","start":371.956,"end":372.101},{"text":"obligations","start":372.101,"end":372.727},{"text":"as","start":372.759,"end":372.887},{"text":"current","start":372.919,"end":373.192},{"text":"ones.","start":373.24,"end":373.497}]},{"text":"In this regard, our position and that of the African Group are aligned.","start":374.971,"end":380.132,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. 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Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":464.206,"end":464.27},{"text":"have","start":464.27,"end":464.431},{"text":"recently","start":464.431,"end":464.816},{"text":"heard","start":464.929,"end":465.17},{"text":"arguments","start":465.716,"end":466.086},{"text":"based","start":466.134,"end":466.456},{"text":"on","start":466.52,"end":466.552},{"text":"the","start":466.552,"end":466.616},{"text":"equality","start":466.616,"end":467.066},{"text":"of","start":467.098,"end":467.179},{"text":"states","start":467.179,"end":467.629},{"text":"in","start":468.625,"end":468.673},{"text":"favor","start":468.77,"end":469.027},{"text":"of","start":469.027,"end":469.107},{"text":"ideas","start":469.107,"end":469.557},{"text":"that,","start":469.67,"end":469.895},{"text":"in","start":469.911,"end":469.959},{"text":"fact,","start":470.04,"end":470.395},{"text":"mean","start":471.026,"end":471.155},{"text":"expanding","start":471.22,"end":471.802},{"text":"the","start":471.915,"end":471.947},{"text":"non-permanent","start":471.947,"end":472.82},{"text":"category","start":472.82,"end":473.273},{"text":"only.","start":473.532,"end":473.791}]},{"text":"An expansion of the non-permanent category only Category, in whatever form or shape, constitutes an insufficient solution to the structural imbalances currently existing within the Council and significantly diminish the chances of exploring newer approaches to veto seriously.","start":475.327,"end":493.074,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. 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They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"An","start":475.327,"end":475.375},{"text":"expansion","start":475.424,"end":475.941},{"text":"of","start":476.054,"end":476.135},{"text":"the","start":476.135,"end":476.216},{"text":"non-permanent","start":476.216,"end":476.863},{"text":"category","start":476.879,"end":477.315},{"text":"only","start":477.493,"end":477.72},{"text":"Category,","start":477.99,"end":478.31},{"text":"in","start":478.343,"end":478.471},{"text":"whatever","start":478.487,"end":478.824},{"text":"form","start":478.824,"end":479.097},{"text":"or","start":479.145,"end":479.225},{"text":"shape,","start":479.225,"end":479.642},{"text":"constitutes","start":480.332,"end":481.022},{"text":"an","start":481.215,"end":481.263},{"text":"insufficient","start":481.311,"end":482.033},{"text":"solution","start":482.033,"end":482.643},{"text":"to","start":483.237,"end":483.365},{"text":"the","start":483.381,"end":483.478},{"text":"structural","start":483.478,"end":484.055},{"text":"imbalances","start":484.184,"end":484.81},{"text":"currently","start":484.906,"end":485.307},{"text":"existing","start":485.307,"end":485.853},{"text":"within","start":485.949,"end":486.174},{"text":"the","start":486.27,"end":486.334},{"text":"Council","start":486.35,"end":486.751},{"text":"and","start":487.714,"end":487.778},{"text":"significantly","start":487.81,"end":488.452},{"text":"diminish","start":488.452,"end":488.902},{"text":"the","start":489.56,"end":489.656},{"text":"chances","start":489.656,"end":490.073},{"text":"of","start":490.121,"end":490.202},{"text":"exploring","start":490.202,"end":490.747},{"text":"newer","start":490.94,"end":491.229},{"text":"approaches","start":491.421,"end":491.951},{"text":"to","start":492.047,"end":492.143},{"text":"veto","start":492.143,"end":492.56},{"text":"seriously.","start":492.56,"end":493.074}]},{"text":"In any case, the 2 issues— veto and category— and all the others pertaining to the 5 clusters will only begin to be resolved if we work on a consolidated model that is based on the models presented by member states.","start":493.925,"end":508.048,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. 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Thank you, Mr. President.","start":523.11,"end":524.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":523.11,"end":523.287},{"text":"you.","start":523.287,"end":523.48},{"text":"Thank","start":523.642,"end":523.851},{"text":"you,","start":523.851,"end":523.932},{"text":"Mr.","start":524.013,"end":524.206},{"text":"President.","start":524.254,"end":524.69}]},{"text":"Distinguished co-chairs, I make this statement on behalf of Uniting for Consensus.","start":525.238,"end":530.689,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":525.238,"end":525.819},{"text":"co-chairs,","start":525.867,"end":526.335},{"text":"I","start":527.48,"end":527.528},{"text":"make","start":527.835,"end":528.286},{"text":"this","start":528.286,"end":528.528},{"text":"statement","start":528.528,"end":529.028},{"text":"on","start":529.028,"end":529.173},{"text":"behalf","start":529.173,"end":529.496},{"text":"of","start":529.496,"end":529.592},{"text":"Uniting","start":529.592,"end":530.044},{"text":"for","start":530.076,"end":530.253},{"text":"Consensus.","start":530.318,"end":530.689}]},{"text":"I wish to thank you for convening this meeting of the IGN on an issue at the centre of the Security Council reform, the question of the veto, one of the 5 interconnected clusters identified by the General Assembly decision that established the IGN 62/557.","start":531.681,"end":549.414,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":531.681,"end":531.729},{"text":"wish","start":531.762,"end":531.891},{"text":"to","start":531.891,"end":532.069},{"text":"thank","start":532.101,"end":532.344},{"text":"you","start":532.344,"end":532.489},{"text":"for","start":532.489,"end":532.683},{"text":"convening","start":532.893,"end":533.362},{"text":"this","start":533.475,"end":533.718},{"text":"meeting","start":533.718,"end":534.089},{"text":"of","start":534.138,"end":534.364},{"text":"the","start":534.364,"end":534.429},{"text":"IGN","start":534.51,"end":534.736},{"text":"on","start":534.833,"end":534.882},{"text":"an","start":534.995,"end":535.043},{"text":"issue","start":535.237,"end":535.561},{"text":"at","start":536.288,"end":536.369},{"text":"the","start":536.369,"end":536.45},{"text":"centre","start":536.45,"end":536.983},{"text":"of","start":537.355,"end":537.485},{"text":"the","start":537.501,"end":537.598},{"text":"Security","start":537.598,"end":538.05},{"text":"Council","start":538.083,"end":538.406},{"text":"reform,","start":538.406,"end":538.891},{"text":"the","start":538.956,"end":539.053},{"text":"question","start":539.053,"end":539.376},{"text":"of","start":539.441,"end":539.522},{"text":"the","start":539.522,"end":539.602},{"text":"veto,","start":539.602,"end":539.942},{"text":"one","start":540.734,"end":540.863},{"text":"of","start":540.88,"end":541.059},{"text":"the","start":541.059,"end":541.157},{"text":"5","start":541.157,"end":541.532},{"text":"interconnected","start":541.548,"end":542.364},{"text":"clusters","start":542.364,"end":542.836},{"text":"identified","start":543.195,"end":544.092},{"text":"by","start":544.092,"end":544.174},{"text":"the","start":544.174,"end":544.32},{"text":"General","start":544.32,"end":544.565},{"text":"Assembly","start":544.565,"end":544.989},{"text":"decision","start":544.989,"end":545.527},{"text":"that","start":545.56,"end":545.739},{"text":"established","start":545.739,"end":546.277},{"text":"the","start":546.277,"end":546.519},{"text":"IGN","start":546.535,"end":547.069},{"text":"62/557.","start":547.667,"end":549.414}]},{"text":"As we saw on numerous occasions, the veto deeply affects the efficiency of the Security Council.","start":551.29,"end":557.645,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. 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They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":570.32,"end":570.352},{"text":"veto","start":570.352,"end":570.739},{"text":"runs","start":570.98,"end":571.287},{"text":"counter","start":571.867,"end":572.415},{"text":"to","start":572.609,"end":572.705},{"text":"the","start":572.705,"end":572.85},{"text":"principles","start":572.85,"end":573.463},{"text":"of","start":573.576,"end":573.737},{"text":"democracy,","start":573.737,"end":574.35},{"text":"accountability,","start":574.559,"end":575.478},{"text":"efficiency,","start":575.752,"end":576.445},{"text":"and","start":577.042,"end":577.106},{"text":"sovereign","start":577.187,"end":577.654},{"text":"equality","start":577.703,"end":578.219},{"text":"between","start":578.235,"end":578.525},{"text":"states.","start":578.589,"end":579.121}]},{"text":"The UFC position is simple and consistent.","start":580.78,"end":583.882,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":580.78,"end":580.879},{"text":"UFC","start":581.077,"end":581.308},{"text":"position","start":581.539,"end":582.017},{"text":"is","start":582.133,"end":582.182},{"text":"simple","start":582.397,"end":582.925},{"text":"and","start":583.205,"end":583.321},{"text":"consistent.","start":583.453,"end":583.882}]},{"text":"While firmly advocating for the outright suppression of the veto, as its misuse and abuse are the root cause of many of the Council's shortcomings, UFC acknowledges the complexities involved in this matter.","start":585.715,"end":603.818,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":585.715,"end":586.101},{"text":"firmly","start":586.198,"end":586.728},{"text":"advocating","start":586.744,"end":587.371},{"text":"for","start":587.547,"end":587.74},{"text":"the","start":587.804,"end":588.062},{"text":"outright","start":588.19,"end":588.785},{"text":"suppression","start":588.785,"end":589.411},{"text":"of","start":589.411,"end":589.508},{"text":"the","start":589.556,"end":589.652},{"text":"veto,","start":589.652,"end":590.038},{"text":"as","start":590.922,"end":591.066},{"text":"its","start":591.099,"end":591.275},{"text":"misuse","start":591.436,"end":592.223},{"text":"and","start":592.223,"end":592.384},{"text":"abuse","start":592.384,"end":592.963},{"text":"are","start":593.332,"end":593.38},{"text":"the","start":593.911,"end":594.055},{"text":"root","start":594.12,"end":594.442},{"text":"cause","start":594.701,"end":595.007},{"text":"of","start":595.282,"end":595.491},{"text":"many","start":595.766,"end":596.137},{"text":"of","start":596.169,"end":596.298},{"text":"the","start":596.331,"end":596.411},{"text":"Council's","start":596.411,"end":597.8},{"text":"shortcomings,","start":598.009,"end":598.72},{"text":"UFC","start":599.946,"end":600.108},{"text":"acknowledges","start":600.285,"end":600.818},{"text":"the","start":601.318,"end":601.48},{"text":"complexities","start":601.48,"end":602.27},{"text":"involved","start":602.529,"end":603.255},{"text":"in","start":603.271,"end":603.32},{"text":"this","start":603.32,"end":603.496},{"text":"matter.","start":603.496,"end":603.818}]},{"text":"Although the vast majority of the UN membership agrees on ideally abolishing the veto, which is an anachronistic tool, this requires that the 5 permanent members be willing to relinquish their prerogative and agree to the corresponding UN Charter amendment.","start":605.507,"end":621.821,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"Although","start":605.507,"end":605.925},{"text":"the","start":606.07,"end":606.102},{"text":"vast","start":606.102,"end":606.472},{"text":"majority","start":606.472,"end":607.035},{"text":"of","start":607.035,"end":607.116},{"text":"the","start":607.116,"end":607.212},{"text":"UN","start":607.212,"end":607.453},{"text":"membership","start":607.453,"end":608.016},{"text":"agrees","start":608.016,"end":608.467},{"text":"on","start":608.805,"end":608.853},{"text":"ideally","start":609.142,"end":609.689},{"text":"abolishing","start":609.689,"end":610.156},{"text":"the","start":610.268,"end":610.349},{"text":"veto,","start":610.349,"end":610.735},{"text":"which","start":611.002,"end":611.13},{"text":"is","start":611.226,"end":611.29},{"text":"an","start":611.402,"end":611.45},{"text":"anachronistic","start":611.787,"end":612.508},{"text":"tool,","start":612.508,"end":612.637},{"text":"this","start":613.47,"end":613.614},{"text":"requires","start":613.887,"end":614.416},{"text":"that","start":614.608,"end":614.784},{"text":"the","start":614.848,"end":614.929},{"text":"5","start":614.929,"end":615.297},{"text":"permanent","start":615.409,"end":615.874},{"text":"members","start":615.874,"end":616.259},{"text":"be","start":616.451,"end":616.596},{"text":"willing","start":616.612,"end":616.9},{"text":"to","start":617.012,"end":617.141},{"text":"relinquish","start":617.157,"end":617.605},{"text":"their","start":617.734,"end":617.974},{"text":"prerogative","start":617.974,"end":618.551},{"text":"and","start":618.551,"end":618.711},{"text":"agree","start":618.711,"end":619.128},{"text":"to","start":619.192,"end":619.32},{"text":"the","start":619.32,"end":619.529},{"text":"corresponding","start":619.978,"end":620.667},{"text":"UN","start":620.699,"end":620.891},{"text":"Charter","start":621.003,"end":621.34},{"text":"amendment.","start":621.34,"end":621.821}]},{"text":"For the time being, since this amendment seems unattainable in the short term, we call for immediate, pragmatic, and tangible actions to address how to best limit the use and the abuse of the veto, which is both feasible and already reflected in the practice of certain Council members.","start":622.125,"end":645.821,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":622.125,"end":622.286},{"text":"the","start":622.286,"end":622.334},{"text":"time","start":622.382,"end":622.59},{"text":"being,","start":622.702,"end":622.831},{"text":"since","start":623.504,"end":623.808},{"text":"this","start":623.824,"end":623.985},{"text":"amendment","start":623.985,"end":624.385},{"text":"seems","start":624.385,"end":624.754},{"text":"unattainable","start":625.091,"end":625.732},{"text":"in","start":626.068,"end":626.116},{"text":"the","start":626.148,"end":626.245},{"text":"short","start":626.245,"end":626.613},{"text":"term,","start":626.613,"end":626.87},{"text":"we","start":627.19,"end":627.27},{"text":"call","start":627.351,"end":627.543},{"text":"for","start":627.735,"end":627.944},{"text":"immediate,","start":629.418,"end":629.995},{"text":"pragmatic,","start":630.54,"end":631.213},{"text":"and","start":631.438,"end":631.502},{"text":"tangible","start":631.662,"end":632.111},{"text":"actions","start":632.143,"end":632.56},{"text":"to","start":633.281,"end":633.425},{"text":"address","start":633.441,"end":633.874},{"text":"how","start":633.922,"end":634.115},{"text":"to","start":634.339,"end":634.467},{"text":"best","start":634.483,"end":634.948},{"text":"limit","start":634.948,"end":635.429},{"text":"the","start":636.407,"end":636.599},{"text":"use","start":636.952,"end":637.352},{"text":"and","start":637.352,"end":637.448},{"text":"the","start":637.448,"end":637.705},{"text":"abuse","start":637.913,"end":638.282},{"text":"of","start":638.394,"end":638.522},{"text":"the","start":638.554,"end":638.635},{"text":"veto,","start":638.651,"end":639.035},{"text":"which","start":639.277,"end":639.422},{"text":"is","start":639.52,"end":639.584},{"text":"both","start":639.779,"end":640.07},{"text":"feasible","start":640.184,"end":640.734},{"text":"and","start":640.913,"end":641.139},{"text":"already","start":641.139,"end":641.609},{"text":"reflected","start":642.208,"end":642.905},{"text":"in","start":643.164,"end":643.261},{"text":"the","start":643.261,"end":643.423},{"text":"practice","start":643.423,"end":644.023},{"text":"of","start":644.152,"end":644.363},{"text":"certain","start":644.411,"end":644.93},{"text":"Council","start":645.027,"end":645.432},{"text":"members.","start":645.432,"end":645.821}]},{"text":"UFC is of the strong view that the P-5 should not use or abuse the veto in specific circumstances, such as but not limited to mass atrocities and war crimes, in line with the existing initiatives supported by a majority of the UN membership, including the Franco-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct.","start":648.077,"end":672.525,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"UFC","start":648.077,"end":648.335},{"text":"is","start":648.724,"end":648.789},{"text":"of","start":648.966,"end":649.242},{"text":"the","start":650.099,"end":650.18},{"text":"strong","start":650.18,"end":650.568},{"text":"view","start":650.698,"end":650.876},{"text":"that","start":651.005,"end":651.151},{"text":"the","start":651.151,"end":651.232},{"text":"P-5","start":651.329,"end":651.944},{"text":"should","start":651.96,"end":652.154},{"text":"not","start":652.154,"end":652.445},{"text":"use","start":652.526,"end":652.898},{"text":"or","start":653.092,"end":653.141},{"text":"abuse","start":653.27,"end":653.626},{"text":"the","start":653.74,"end":653.821},{"text":"veto","start":653.821,"end":654.225},{"text":"in","start":654.727,"end":654.775},{"text":"specific","start":654.888,"end":655.519},{"text":"circumstances,","start":655.519,"end":656.328},{"text":"such","start":656.345,"end":656.636},{"text":"as","start":656.733,"end":656.879},{"text":"but","start":656.96,"end":657.056},{"text":"not","start":657.217,"end":657.556},{"text":"limited","start":657.636,"end":657.991},{"text":"to","start":658.119,"end":658.248},{"text":"mass","start":659.231,"end":659.36},{"text":"atrocities","start":659.73,"end":660.343},{"text":"and","start":660.697,"end":660.939},{"text":"war","start":660.939,"end":661.213},{"text":"crimes,","start":661.245,"end":661.631},{"text":"in","start":661.825,"end":661.97},{"text":"line","start":661.97,"end":662.276},{"text":"with","start":662.389,"end":662.534},{"text":"the","start":662.534,"end":662.582},{"text":"existing","start":662.63,"end":663.162},{"text":"initiatives","start":664,"end":664.209},{"text":"supported","start":664.833,"end":665.64},{"text":"by","start":665.64,"end":665.753},{"text":"a","start":665.882,"end":665.898},{"text":"majority","start":665.898,"end":666.592},{"text":"of","start":666.592,"end":666.689},{"text":"the","start":666.689,"end":666.77},{"text":"UN","start":666.77,"end":666.964},{"text":"membership,","start":667.157,"end":667.739},{"text":"including","start":667.755,"end":668.207},{"text":"the","start":668.32,"end":668.401},{"text":"Franco-Mexican","start":668.449,"end":668.901},{"text":"initiative","start":668.901,"end":671.065},{"text":"and","start":670.522,"end":670.586},{"text":"the","start":670.666,"end":670.81},{"text":"ACT","start":670.826,"end":671.339},{"text":"Code","start":671.467,"end":671.788},{"text":"of","start":671.788,"end":671.932},{"text":"Conduct.","start":671.948,"end":672.525}]},{"text":"UFC is open to discuss how this initiative— how these immediate measures, which are currently implemented on a voluntary basis, could be formalized or codified in the context of a broader Security Council reform.","start":673.887,"end":691.352,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"UFC","start":673.887,"end":674.303},{"text":"is","start":674.432,"end":674.496},{"text":"open","start":674.832,"end":675.057},{"text":"to","start":675.409,"end":675.553},{"text":"discuss","start":675.553,"end":676.066},{"text":"how","start":676.114,"end":676.242},{"text":"this","start":676.386,"end":676.611},{"text":"initiative—","start":676.611,"end":677.22},{"text":"how","start":678.277,"end":678.405},{"text":"these","start":678.534,"end":678.742},{"text":"immediate","start":678.998,"end":679.591},{"text":"measures,","start":680.52,"end":680.985},{"text":"which","start":681.578,"end":681.706},{"text":"are","start":681.882,"end":682.043},{"text":"currently","start":682.043,"end":682.539},{"text":"implemented","start":682.539,"end":683.228},{"text":"on","start":683.324,"end":683.389},{"text":"a","start":683.437,"end":683.501},{"text":"voluntary","start":683.501,"end":684.046},{"text":"basis,","start":684.126,"end":684.622},{"text":"could","start":685.167,"end":685.311},{"text":"be","start":685.488,"end":685.68},{"text":"formalized","start":685.744,"end":686.673},{"text":"or","start":686.85,"end":686.898},{"text":"codified","start":687.25,"end":687.875},{"text":"in","start":688.548,"end":688.596},{"text":"the","start":688.628,"end":688.772},{"text":"context","start":688.772,"end":689.285},{"text":"of","start":689.285,"end":689.413},{"text":"a","start":689.413,"end":689.509},{"text":"broader","start":689.509,"end":689.926},{"text":"Security","start":689.926,"end":690.599},{"text":"Council","start":690.615,"end":690.951},{"text":"reform.","start":690.951,"end":691.352}]},{"text":"While it exists, the veto should be at least subject to accountability.","start":692.618,"end":697.697,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":692.618,"end":692.938},{"text":"it","start":692.938,"end":693.099},{"text":"exists,","start":693.099,"end":693.772},{"text":"the","start":694.396,"end":694.493},{"text":"veto","start":694.493,"end":694.797},{"text":"should","start":694.797,"end":695.053},{"text":"be","start":695.118,"end":695.358},{"text":"at","start":695.358,"end":695.55},{"text":"least","start":695.582,"end":695.903},{"text":"subject","start":695.903,"end":696.688},{"text":"to","start":696.72,"end":696.816},{"text":"accountability.","start":696.816,"end":697.697}]},{"text":"And in this regard, we commend the 2022 veto initiative to enhance transparency and accountability by requiring the General Assembly to convene and scrutinize instances where a veto is exercised.","start":698.403,"end":715.199,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."},{"key":"general-assembly-role","label":"Stronger General Assembly Role","description":"Several delegations urged a more active role for the General Assembly when the Security Council is blocked by a veto. They highlighted Assembly debates, emergency sessions, and follow-up action as ways to preserve accountability and sustain multilateral response."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":698.403,"end":698.468},{"text":"in","start":698.564,"end":698.612},{"text":"this","start":698.708,"end":698.885},{"text":"regard,","start":698.885,"end":699.351},{"text":"we","start":699.447,"end":699.688},{"text":"commend","start":700.234,"end":700.86},{"text":"the","start":700.972,"end":701.149},{"text":"2022","start":701.149,"end":702.112},{"text":"veto","start":702.257,"end":702.739},{"text":"initiative","start":702.739,"end":703.349},{"text":"to","start":704.103,"end":704.248},{"text":"enhance","start":704.248,"end":704.617},{"text":"transparency","start":704.97,"end":705.773},{"text":"and","start":705.773,"end":705.886},{"text":"accountability","start":705.886,"end":706.721},{"text":"by","start":706.833,"end":706.945},{"text":"requiring","start":706.994,"end":707.588},{"text":"the","start":707.78,"end":707.893},{"text":"General","start":708.037,"end":708.342},{"text":"Assembly","start":708.342,"end":708.904},{"text":"to","start":708.92,"end":709.049},{"text":"convene","start":709.081,"end":709.563},{"text":"and","start":709.563,"end":709.707},{"text":"scrutinize","start":709.707,"end":710.414},{"text":"instances","start":711.489,"end":712.019},{"text":"where","start":712.437,"end":712.79},{"text":"a","start":712.854,"end":712.886},{"text":"veto","start":712.935,"end":713.753},{"text":"is","start":713.978,"end":714.107},{"text":"exercised.","start":714.46,"end":715.199}]},{"text":"Similarly, we note that the resolution on the revitalization reaffirmed the need to fully implement and adhere to all provisions of the Charter of the UN as they relate to the decision-making process in the Security Council, including Article 27.3 of the Charter.","start":716.162,"end":736.766,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"Similarly,","start":716.162,"end":716.836},{"text":"we","start":717.832,"end":717.928},{"text":"note","start":717.928,"end":718.394},{"text":"that","start":718.394,"end":718.554},{"text":"the","start":718.554,"end":718.635},{"text":"resolution","start":718.635,"end":719.309},{"text":"on","start":719.518,"end":719.614},{"text":"the","start":719.614,"end":719.919},{"text":"revitalization","start":719.983,"end":721.541},{"text":"reaffirmed","start":721.541,"end":722.215},{"text":"the","start":722.247,"end":722.344},{"text":"need","start":722.344,"end":722.697},{"text":"to","start":722.713,"end":722.938},{"text":"fully","start":723.516,"end":723.837},{"text":"implement","start":723.837,"end":724.334},{"text":"and","start":724.334,"end":724.494},{"text":"adhere","start":724.494,"end":724.767},{"text":"to","start":724.96,"end":725.104},{"text":"all","start":725.12,"end":725.216},{"text":"provisions","start":725.216,"end":725.826},{"text":"of","start":726.099,"end":726.195},{"text":"the","start":726.243,"end":726.323},{"text":"Charter","start":726.323,"end":726.788},{"text":"of","start":726.804,"end":726.901},{"text":"the","start":726.901,"end":727.061},{"text":"UN","start":727.061,"end":727.35},{"text":"as","start":728.088,"end":728.152},{"text":"they","start":728.264,"end":728.457},{"text":"relate","start":728.89,"end":729.515},{"text":"to","start":729.612,"end":729.676},{"text":"the","start":729.708,"end":729.852},{"text":"decision-making","start":729.852,"end":730.719},{"text":"process","start":730.751,"end":731.184},{"text":"in","start":731.392,"end":731.44},{"text":"the","start":731.473,"end":731.553},{"text":"Security","start":731.553,"end":732.082},{"text":"Council,","start":732.194,"end":732.676},{"text":"including","start":732.916,"end":733.349},{"text":"Article","start":733.462,"end":733.863},{"text":"27.3","start":733.863,"end":736.028},{"text":"of","start":736.125,"end":736.221},{"text":"the","start":736.269,"end":736.349},{"text":"Charter.","start":736.349,"end":736.766}]},{"text":"Moreover, we would like to stress that the threat of the use of the veto also influences negatively the decision-making process and shifts balances in the Security Council.","start":738.114,"end":750.145,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":738.114,"end":738.627},{"text":"we","start":738.852,"end":738.98},{"text":"would","start":739.012,"end":739.237},{"text":"like","start":739.237,"end":739.493},{"text":"to","start":739.493,"end":739.606},{"text":"stress","start":739.654,"end":740.119},{"text":"that","start":740.119,"end":740.28},{"text":"the","start":740.28,"end":740.376},{"text":"threat","start":740.376,"end":740.873},{"text":"of","start":741.001,"end":741.05},{"text":"the","start":741.162,"end":741.419},{"text":"use","start":741.563,"end":741.787},{"text":"of","start":742.044,"end":742.205},{"text":"the","start":742.205,"end":742.301},{"text":"veto","start":742.301,"end":742.766},{"text":"also","start":742.926,"end":743.183},{"text":"influences","start":743.183,"end":743.873},{"text":"negatively","start":743.985,"end":744.595},{"text":"the","start":744.691,"end":744.771},{"text":"decision-making","start":744.787,"end":745.654},{"text":"process","start":745.75,"end":746.183},{"text":"and","start":746.953,"end":747.017},{"text":"shifts","start":747.178,"end":747.771},{"text":"balances","start":747.835,"end":748.365},{"text":"in","start":748.878,"end":748.926},{"text":"the","start":748.958,"end":749.087},{"text":"Security","start":749.087,"end":749.648},{"text":"Council.","start":749.664,"end":750.145}]},{"text":"Notably, it is often exercised in particularly delicate and critical moments, leaving the UN without the necessary tools to act.","start":750.868,"end":759.149,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Notably,","start":750.868,"end":751.221},{"text":"it","start":751.269,"end":751.365},{"text":"is","start":751.365,"end":751.509},{"text":"often","start":751.509,"end":751.782},{"text":"exercised","start":751.83,"end":752.569},{"text":"in","start":752.569,"end":752.713},{"text":"particularly","start":752.713,"end":753.371},{"text":"delicate","start":753.596,"end":754.222},{"text":"and","start":754.334,"end":754.398},{"text":"critical","start":754.559,"end":754.928},{"text":"moments,","start":754.96,"end":755.458},{"text":"leaving","start":756.1,"end":756.372},{"text":"the","start":756.485,"end":756.581},{"text":"UN","start":756.581,"end":756.87},{"text":"without","start":757.062,"end":757.624},{"text":"the","start":757.624,"end":757.704},{"text":"necessary","start":757.704,"end":758.234},{"text":"tools","start":758.346,"end":758.635},{"text":"to","start":758.748,"end":758.892},{"text":"act.","start":758.908,"end":759.149}]},{"text":"While permanent seats and their current prerogatives respond to a specific historical context, any reform to the Council should not undermine our collective security framework.","start":760.513,"end":776.177,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":760.513,"end":760.962},{"text":"permanent","start":761.235,"end":761.749},{"text":"seats","start":761.781,"end":762.391},{"text":"and","start":763.001,"end":763.065},{"text":"their","start":763.161,"end":763.643},{"text":"current","start":764.028,"end":764.67},{"text":"prerogatives","start":765.488,"end":766.259},{"text":"respond","start":766.531,"end":767.222},{"text":"to","start":767.559,"end":767.703},{"text":"a","start":767.719,"end":767.735},{"text":"specific","start":767.831,"end":768.602},{"text":"historical","start":769.163,"end":769.886},{"text":"context,","start":769.886,"end":770.399},{"text":"any","start":771.33,"end":771.491},{"text":"reform","start":771.491,"end":771.876},{"text":"to","start":771.988,"end":772.084},{"text":"the","start":772.084,"end":772.213},{"text":"Council","start":772.213,"end":772.71},{"text":"should","start":772.71,"end":772.967},{"text":"not","start":773.031,"end":773.288},{"text":"undermine","start":773.336,"end":774.026},{"text":"our","start":774.299,"end":774.572},{"text":"collective","start":774.62,"end":775.134},{"text":"security","start":775.134,"end":775.679},{"text":"framework.","start":775.679,"end":776.177}]},{"text":"With devastating consequences, particularly when civilians are at risk.","start":776.883,"end":781.692,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. 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this spirit, we stand ready to continue engaging constructively with all Member States and the negotiating groups to advance a balanced and pragmatic reform, guided by a shared sense of responsibility and a firm commitment to 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co-chairs.","start":839.1,"end":839.823,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":839.1,"end":839.196},{"text":"you,","start":839.196,"end":839.228},{"text":"co-chairs.","start":839.292,"end":839.823}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IGN","affiliation_full":"IGN","group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":6,"start":840.128,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=841","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Dear colleagues, I'm speaking today on behalf of a cross-regional group of 15 member states: Austria, Bulgaria, Cabo Verde, Estonia, Kuwait, Luxembourg, Mexico, Norway, Samoa, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, and my own country, 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the 27th of March, we wrote to all members, the President of the GA and the SG, to put forward a draft resolution on the implementation of Article 27 of the UN Charter.","start":857.718,"end":868.082,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. 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we see the obvious relevance of our initiative to the topic that the co-chairs have requested us to discuss today and acknowledge in particular that Para 69 of the Pact for the Future, which the resolution seeks to implement, was facilitated and negotiated within the 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this respect, we wish to briefly lay out the purpose of our text and are grateful for this opportunity for an 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recent years, we have witnessed significantly increased calls from the membership both inside and outside the Council for the proper application of Article 27 in line with the original intent of the UN Charter.","start":943.448,"end":954.575,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. 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Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1014.796,"end":1014.94},{"text":"our","start":1014.94,"end":1015.101},{"text":"view,","start":1015.101,"end":1015.293},{"text":"there","start":1015.566,"end":1015.63},{"text":"are","start":1015.63,"end":1015.822},{"text":"other","start":1015.822,"end":1015.983},{"text":"possible","start":1015.983,"end":1016.463},{"text":"circumstances","start":1016.463,"end":1017.393},{"text":"in","start":1017.906,"end":1017.986},{"text":"which","start":1017.986,"end":1018.211},{"text":"a","start":1018.211,"end":1018.227},{"text":"state","start":1018.243,"end":1018.628},{"text":"may","start":1018.628,"end":1018.788},{"text":"be","start":1018.788,"end":1018.932},{"text":"a","start":1018.932,"end":1019.012},{"text":"party","start":1019.012,"end":1019.317},{"text":"to","start":1019.349,"end":1019.429},{"text":"a","start":1019.429,"end":1019.445},{"text":"dispute","start":1019.445,"end":1020.07},{"text":"for","start":1020.07,"end":1020.167},{"text":"the","start":1020.167,"end":1020.295},{"text":"purpose","start":1020.295,"end":1020.728},{"text":"of","start":1020.856,"end":1020.936},{"text":"Article","start":1020.936,"end":1021.273},{"text":"27,","start":1021.273,"end":1022.09},{"text":"but","start":1022.716,"end":1022.876},{"text":"having","start":1022.876,"end":1023.084},{"text":"reviewed","start":1023.181,"end":1023.581},{"text":"the","start":1023.581,"end":1023.678},{"text":"practice","start":1023.678,"end":1024.142},{"text":"to","start":1024.142,"end":1024.239},{"text":"date,","start":1024.239,"end":1024.575},{"text":"we","start":1024.639,"end":1024.687},{"text":"believe","start":1024.687,"end":1025.024},{"text":"these","start":1025.024,"end":1025.168},{"text":"categories","start":1025.2,"end":1025.73},{"text":"capture","start":1025.826,"end":1026.21},{"text":"the","start":1026.226,"end":1026.387},{"text":"core","start":1026.387,"end":1026.595},{"text":"of","start":1026.739,"end":1026.852},{"text":"the","start":1026.884,"end":1026.948},{"text":"minimum","start":1026.948,"end":1027.349},{"text":"standard","start":1027.349,"end":1027.894},{"text":"in","start":1028.246,"end":1028.295},{"text":"which","start":1028.327,"end":1028.567},{"text":"the","start":1028.567,"end":1028.663},{"text":"membership","start":1028.663,"end":1029.208},{"text":"as","start":1029.208,"end":1029.353},{"text":"a","start":1029.353,"end":1029.369},{"text":"whole","start":1029.369,"end":1029.657},{"text":"wishes","start":1029.689,"end":1029.978},{"text":"to","start":1030.09,"end":1030.25},{"text":"see","start":1030.25,"end":1030.587},{"text":"this","start":1031.116,"end":1031.356},{"text":"provision","start":1031.356,"end":1031.741},{"text":"operationalized.","start":1032.014,"end":1032.895}]},{"text":"Second, it invites members of the Council who are themselves tasked with ensuring implementation of Article 27, to put on record their positions with regard to determined party to a dispute.","start":1033.793,"end":1043.649,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":1033.793,"end":1034.242},{"text":"it","start":1034.258,"end":1034.354},{"text":"invites","start":1034.354,"end":1034.739},{"text":"members","start":1034.739,"end":1035.076},{"text":"of","start":1035.076,"end":1035.188},{"text":"the","start":1035.22,"end":1035.3},{"text":"Council","start":1035.3,"end":1035.749},{"text":"who","start":1036.166,"end":1036.246},{"text":"are","start":1036.246,"end":1036.295},{"text":"themselves","start":1036.327,"end":1036.792},{"text":"tasked","start":1036.824,"end":1037.226},{"text":"with","start":1037.226,"end":1037.386},{"text":"ensuring","start":1037.386,"end":1037.756},{"text":"implementation","start":1037.788,"end":1038.575},{"text":"of","start":1038.575,"end":1038.671},{"text":"Article","start":1038.671,"end":1038.96},{"text":"27,","start":1038.992,"end":1039.955},{"text":"to","start":1040.357,"end":1040.501},{"text":"put","start":1040.501,"end":1040.662},{"text":"on","start":1040.662,"end":1040.758},{"text":"record","start":1040.758,"end":1041.096},{"text":"their","start":1041.096,"end":1041.224},{"text":"positions","start":1041.224,"end":1041.738},{"text":"with","start":1041.786,"end":1041.882},{"text":"regard","start":1041.882,"end":1042.284},{"text":"to","start":1042.284,"end":1042.38},{"text":"determined","start":1042.38,"end":1042.83},{"text":"party","start":1042.83,"end":1043.103},{"text":"to","start":1043.103,"end":1043.167},{"text":"a","start":1043.167,"end":1043.183},{"text":"dispute.","start":1043.231,"end":1043.649}]},{"text":"We do this not only in furtherance of the overall goal of transparency.","start":1044.451,"end":1048.16,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1044.451,"end":1044.596},{"text":"do","start":1044.612,"end":1044.756},{"text":"this","start":1044.756,"end":1044.917},{"text":"not","start":1044.933,"end":1045.094},{"text":"only","start":1045.158,"end":1045.463},{"text":"in","start":1045.495,"end":1045.543},{"text":"furtherance","start":1045.656,"end":1046.234},{"text":"of","start":1046.394,"end":1046.474},{"text":"the","start":1046.523,"end":1046.603},{"text":"overall","start":1046.683,"end":1046.924},{"text":"goal","start":1047.02,"end":1047.133},{"text":"of","start":1047.197,"end":1047.309},{"text":"transparency.","start":1047.342,"end":1048.16}]},{"text":"We also wish to acknowledge that given that the Security Council is ultimately responsible for the implementation of Article 27, its members should have the opportunity to clarify their positions regarding this provision on the record.","start":1048.53,"end":1061.455,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1048.53,"end":1048.61},{"text":"also","start":1048.69,"end":1048.899},{"text":"wish","start":1048.947,"end":1049.076},{"text":"to","start":1049.188,"end":1049.268},{"text":"acknowledge","start":1049.268,"end":1049.718},{"text":"that","start":1050.248,"end":1050.392},{"text":"given","start":1050.392,"end":1050.617},{"text":"that","start":1050.633,"end":1050.794},{"text":"the","start":1050.794,"end":1050.858},{"text":"Security","start":1050.858,"end":1051.275},{"text":"Council","start":1051.275,"end":1051.677},{"text":"is","start":1051.677,"end":1051.805},{"text":"ultimately","start":1051.902,"end":1052.399},{"text":"responsible","start":1052.399,"end":1053.186},{"text":"for","start":1053.186,"end":1053.315},{"text":"the","start":1053.363,"end":1053.443},{"text":"implementation","start":1053.443,"end":1054.294},{"text":"of","start":1054.326,"end":1054.471},{"text":"Article","start":1054.471,"end":1054.792},{"text":"27,","start":1054.792,"end":1055.643},{"text":"its","start":1056.189,"end":1056.397},{"text":"members","start":1056.397,"end":1056.67},{"text":"should","start":1056.67,"end":1056.943},{"text":"have","start":1056.959,"end":1057.104},{"text":"the","start":1057.136,"end":1057.216},{"text":"opportunity","start":1057.216,"end":1057.826},{"text":"to","start":1057.859,"end":1057.987},{"text":"clarify","start":1058.003,"end":1058.501},{"text":"their","start":1058.501,"end":1058.645},{"text":"positions","start":1058.645,"end":1059.191},{"text":"regarding","start":1059.223,"end":1059.593},{"text":"this","start":1059.705,"end":1059.866},{"text":"provision","start":1059.866,"end":1060.315},{"text":"on","start":1060.652,"end":1060.958},{"text":"the","start":1061.086,"end":1061.214},{"text":"record.","start":1061.214,"end":1061.455}]},{"text":"Third and finally, the resolution invites the Council to create a special report when the party-to-dispute clause in accordance with Article 27 is invoked in the proceedings of the Council.","start":1062.676,"end":1073.739,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. 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The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"Third","start":1062.676,"end":1062.9},{"text":"and","start":1062.9,"end":1063.061},{"text":"finally,","start":1063.061,"end":1063.414},{"text":"the","start":1064.024,"end":1064.121},{"text":"resolution","start":1064.121,"end":1064.586},{"text":"invites","start":1064.602,"end":1065.004},{"text":"the","start":1065.004,"end":1065.084},{"text":"Council","start":1065.084,"end":1065.485},{"text":"to","start":1065.485,"end":1065.614},{"text":"create","start":1065.63,"end":1065.887},{"text":"a","start":1065.887,"end":1065.903},{"text":"special","start":1065.903,"end":1066.353},{"text":"report","start":1066.353,"end":1066.915},{"text":"when","start":1066.915,"end":1067.011},{"text":"the","start":1067.011,"end":1067.155},{"text":"party-to-dispute","start":1067.155,"end":1068.038},{"text":"clause","start":1068.038,"end":1068.344},{"text":"in","start":1068.376,"end":1068.536},{"text":"accordance","start":1068.536,"end":1069.018},{"text":"with","start":1069.018,"end":1069.146},{"text":"Article","start":1069.162,"end":1069.5},{"text":"27","start":1069.5,"end":1070.383},{"text":"is","start":1070.864,"end":1070.945},{"text":"invoked","start":1070.945,"end":1071.603},{"text":"in","start":1071.651,"end":1071.764},{"text":"the","start":1072.069,"end":1072.213},{"text":"proceedings","start":1072.213,"end":1072.839},{"text":"of","start":1073.016,"end":1073.161},{"text":"the","start":1073.193,"end":1073.273},{"text":"Council.","start":1073.273,"end":1073.739}]},{"text":"This para aims to create an incontrovertible record of the invocation of the party-to-dispute provision, as has been done successfully with respect to the veto in the framework of Resolution 76262.","start":1074.541,"end":1086.969,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. 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membership and veto power despite being central to much of the Council's agenda. They framed this as a historical injustice and called for permanent African seats with full prerogatives if the veto remains."}],"words":[{"text":"co-chairs,","start":1172.951,"end":1173.483},{"text":"Excellencies,","start":1173.66,"end":1174.368},{"text":"distinguished","start":1174.722,"end":1175.286},{"text":"delegates,","start":1175.286,"end":1175.769},{"text":"I","start":1176.735,"end":1176.8},{"text":"have","start":1176.8,"end":1176.945},{"text":"the","start":1176.977,"end":1177.106},{"text":"honor","start":1177.122,"end":1177.444},{"text":"to","start":1177.444,"end":1177.54},{"text":"deliver","start":1177.54,"end":1177.862},{"text":"this","start":1177.862,"end":1178.007},{"text":"statement","start":1178.007,"end":1178.684},{"text":"on","start":1178.684,"end":1178.796},{"text":"behalf","start":1178.893,"end":1179.151},{"text":"of","start":1179.151,"end":1179.28},{"text":"the","start":1179.28,"end":1179.456},{"text":"African","start":1179.537,"end":1179.923},{"text":"member","start":1179.955,"end":1180.261},{"text":"states.","start":1180.261,"end":1180.502}]},{"text":"I thank you for convening this important discussion on the cluster relating to the veto.","start":1181.885,"end":1186.404,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1181.885,"end":1181.901},{"text":"thank","start":1181.949,"end":1182.207},{"text":"you","start":1182.207,"end":1182.367},{"text":"for","start":1182.367,"end":1182.609},{"text":"convening","start":1182.609,"end":1183.139},{"text":"this","start":1183.172,"end":1183.349},{"text":"important","start":1183.413,"end":1183.976},{"text":"discussion","start":1183.976,"end":1184.571},{"text":"on","start":1184.7,"end":1184.78},{"text":"the","start":1184.78,"end":1184.925},{"text":"cluster","start":1184.925,"end":1185.343},{"text":"relating","start":1185.343,"end":1185.713},{"text":"to","start":1185.825,"end":1185.97},{"text":"the","start":1185.97,"end":1186.067},{"text":"veto.","start":1186.067,"end":1186.404}]},{"text":"This debate provides member states with another opportunity to reflect, On the impact of the use of the veto on the functioning, credibility, and effectiveness of the Security Council.","start":1187.533,"end":1199.079,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1187.533,"end":1187.696},{"text":"debate","start":1187.696,"end":1188.037},{"text":"provides","start":1188.037,"end":1188.476},{"text":"member","start":1188.509,"end":1188.737},{"text":"states","start":1188.737,"end":1189.176},{"text":"with","start":1189.176,"end":1189.322},{"text":"another","start":1189.322,"end":1189.55},{"text":"opportunity","start":1189.566,"end":1190.298},{"text":"to","start":1190.298,"end":1190.46},{"text":"reflect,","start":1190.46,"end":1191.029},{"text":"On","start":1191.774,"end":1191.822},{"text":"the","start":1191.854,"end":1191.998},{"text":"impact","start":1192.079,"end":1192.512},{"text":"of","start":1192.512,"end":1192.641},{"text":"the","start":1192.641,"end":1192.737},{"text":"use","start":1192.801,"end":1193.138},{"text":"of","start":1193.283,"end":1193.331},{"text":"the","start":1193.379,"end":1193.46},{"text":"veto","start":1193.476,"end":1193.829},{"text":"on","start":1194.503,"end":1194.567},{"text":"the","start":1194.567,"end":1194.648},{"text":"functioning,","start":1194.648,"end":1195.194},{"text":"credibility,","start":1195.467,"end":1196.237},{"text":"and","start":1197.056,"end":1197.137},{"text":"effectiveness","start":1197.217,"end":1197.939},{"text":"of","start":1197.939,"end":1198.036},{"text":"the","start":1198.036,"end":1198.116},{"text":"Security","start":1198.116,"end":1198.598},{"text":"Council.","start":1198.598,"end":1199.079}]},{"text":"The ongoing and emerging conflicts, crises, and threats before us underscore the urgency of Security Council reform.","start":1200.428,"end":1208.232,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1200.428,"end":1200.573},{"text":"ongoing","start":1200.605,"end":1200.974},{"text":"and","start":1200.99,"end":1201.167},{"text":"emerging","start":1201.167,"end":1201.536},{"text":"conflicts,","start":1201.568,"end":1202.162},{"text":"crises,","start":1202.756,"end":1203.222},{"text":"and","start":1203.495,"end":1203.559},{"text":"threats","start":1203.639,"end":1203.928},{"text":"before","start":1203.977,"end":1204.25},{"text":"us","start":1204.442,"end":1204.651},{"text":"underscore","start":1205.422,"end":1205.839},{"text":"the","start":1205.839,"end":1205.984},{"text":"urgency","start":1205.984,"end":1206.594},{"text":"of","start":1206.851,"end":1206.947},{"text":"Security","start":1206.947,"end":1207.429},{"text":"Council","start":1207.429,"end":1207.814},{"text":"reform.","start":1207.814,"end":1208.232}]},{"text":"Too often, divisions among permanent members, including through the use or threat of the veto, have constrained the Council's ability to respond in a timely, balanced, and effective manner to situations threatening international peace and security.","start":1209.661,"end":1225.804,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Too","start":1209.661,"end":1209.805},{"text":"often,","start":1209.902,"end":1210.223},{"text":"divisions","start":1210.624,"end":1211.09},{"text":"among","start":1211.186,"end":1211.491},{"text":"permanent","start":1211.604,"end":1211.925},{"text":"members,","start":1211.989,"end":1212.374},{"text":"including","start":1213.209,"end":1213.578},{"text":"through","start":1213.707,"end":1213.884},{"text":"the","start":1214.012,"end":1214.253},{"text":"use","start":1214.478,"end":1214.702},{"text":"or","start":1214.799,"end":1214.895},{"text":"threat","start":1214.895,"end":1215.248},{"text":"of","start":1215.521,"end":1215.634},{"text":"the","start":1215.634,"end":1215.714},{"text":"veto,","start":1215.714,"end":1216.067},{"text":"have","start":1216.823,"end":1216.984},{"text":"constrained","start":1216.984,"end":1217.549},{"text":"the","start":1217.549,"end":1217.695},{"text":"Council's","start":1217.695,"end":1218.26},{"text":"ability","start":1218.276,"end":1218.809},{"text":"to","start":1218.841,"end":1218.971},{"text":"respond","start":1218.987,"end":1219.536},{"text":"in","start":1220.376,"end":1220.424},{"text":"a","start":1220.473,"end":1220.618},{"text":"timely,","start":1220.618,"end":1221.07},{"text":"balanced,","start":1221.264,"end":1221.813},{"text":"and","start":1221.829,"end":1221.894},{"text":"effective","start":1221.926,"end":1222.475},{"text":"manner","start":1222.475,"end":1222.798},{"text":"to","start":1222.798,"end":1222.928},{"text":"situations","start":1222.944,"end":1223.622},{"text":"threatening","start":1223.671,"end":1224.058},{"text":"international","start":1224.155,"end":1224.704},{"text":"peace","start":1224.72,"end":1224.93},{"text":"and","start":1225.14,"end":1225.27},{"text":"security.","start":1225.27,"end":1225.804}]},{"text":"This reality calls for sober reflection and renewed commitment to a Council that is more representative, more accountable, and better equipped to discharge its mandate under the Charter.","start":1227.166,"end":1238.519,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1227.166,"end":1227.328},{"text":"reality","start":1227.328,"end":1227.798},{"text":"calls","start":1227.798,"end":1228.106},{"text":"for","start":1228.203,"end":1228.316},{"text":"sober","start":1228.316,"end":1228.689},{"text":"reflection","start":1228.689,"end":1229.224},{"text":"and","start":1229.661,"end":1229.726},{"text":"renewed","start":1229.742,"end":1230.229},{"text":"commitment","start":1230.229,"end":1230.893},{"text":"to","start":1231.476,"end":1231.606},{"text":"a","start":1231.606,"end":1231.639},{"text":"Council","start":1231.768,"end":1232.125},{"text":"that","start":1232.125,"end":1232.271},{"text":"is","start":1232.271,"end":1232.368},{"text":"more","start":1232.416,"end":1232.578},{"text":"representative,","start":1232.578,"end":1233.081},{"text":"more","start":1234.37,"end":1234.434},{"text":"accountable,","start":1234.563,"end":1235.354},{"text":"and","start":1235.435,"end":1235.5},{"text":"better","start":1235.532,"end":1235.774},{"text":"equipped","start":1235.839,"end":1236.323},{"text":"to","start":1236.323,"end":1236.42},{"text":"discharge","start":1236.42,"end":1236.985},{"text":"its","start":1236.985,"end":1237.131},{"text":"mandate","start":1237.131,"end":1237.647},{"text":"under","start":1237.793,"end":1237.954},{"text":"the","start":1237.954,"end":1238.035},{"text":"Charter.","start":1238.116,"end":1238.519}]},{"text":"Africa has listened carefully to the views of other member states.","start":1240.198,"end":1243.089,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Africa","start":1240.198,"end":1240.441},{"text":"has","start":1240.441,"end":1240.667},{"text":"listened","start":1240.78,"end":1241.167},{"text":"carefully","start":1241.167,"end":1241.716},{"text":"to","start":1241.732,"end":1241.845},{"text":"the","start":1241.845,"end":1241.975},{"text":"views","start":1241.975,"end":1242.201},{"text":"of","start":1242.298,"end":1242.411},{"text":"other","start":1242.459,"end":1242.637},{"text":"member","start":1242.637,"end":1242.895},{"text":"states.","start":1242.895,"end":1243.089}]},{"text":"We are mindful that some continue to call for the abolition of the veto, while others oppose its extension.","start":1244.359,"end":1250.606,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. 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Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1244.359,"end":1244.391},{"text":"are","start":1244.439,"end":1244.536},{"text":"mindful","start":1244.536,"end":1244.922},{"text":"that","start":1244.922,"end":1245.067},{"text":"some","start":1245.067,"end":1245.293},{"text":"continue","start":1245.47,"end":1245.889},{"text":"to","start":1245.889,"end":1245.969},{"text":"call","start":1246.05,"end":1246.243},{"text":"for","start":1246.355,"end":1246.436},{"text":"the","start":1246.452,"end":1246.5},{"text":"abolition","start":1246.517,"end":1247.064},{"text":"of","start":1247.322,"end":1247.386},{"text":"the","start":1247.418,"end":1247.563},{"text":"veto,","start":1247.563,"end":1247.966},{"text":"while","start":1248.787,"end":1248.964},{"text":"others","start":1249.093,"end":1249.367},{"text":"oppose","start":1249.415,"end":1249.882},{"text":"its","start":1249.93,"end":1250.075},{"text":"extension.","start":1250.075,"end":1250.606}]},{"text":"Yet, amid current geopolitical tensions and multiple crises across regions, what is required is a principled and coherent approach rooted in fairness, sovereign equality, and the need to strengthen effective multilateralism.","start":1251.88,"end":1266.195,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. 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They framed this as a historical injustice and called for permanent African seats with full prerogatives if the veto remains."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":1319.678,"end":1319.886},{"text":"outcome","start":1320.062,"end":1320.367},{"text":"would","start":1320.463,"end":1320.543},{"text":"not","start":1320.543,"end":1320.719},{"text":"correct","start":1320.719,"end":1321.12},{"text":"the","start":1321.12,"end":1321.2},{"text":"historical","start":1321.2,"end":1321.681},{"text":"injustice,","start":1321.681,"end":1322.225},{"text":"it","start":1322.882,"end":1322.93},{"text":"would","start":1322.946,"end":1323.058},{"text":"merely","start":1323.187,"end":1323.459},{"text":"reconfigure","start":1323.459,"end":1324.597},{"text":"and","start":1325.125,"end":1325.19},{"text":"preserve","start":1325.286,"end":1325.846},{"text":"it.","start":1325.846,"end":1326.071}]},{"text":"Accordingly, Africa does not support intermediate, intermediary, or transitional approaches that seek to defer or dilute discussion of the veto, nor do we believe that the issue of the veto can be postponed until after agreement is reached on the arrangement of the Council.","start":1327.449,"end":1344.401,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."},{"key":"african-representation","label":"African Permanent Representation","description":"African states and their supporters emphasized that Africa remains excluded from permanent membership and veto power despite being central to much of the Council's agenda. They framed this as a historical injustice and called for permanent African seats with full prerogatives if the veto remains."}],"words":[{"text":"Accordingly,","start":1327.449,"end":1327.897},{"text":"Africa","start":1328.554,"end":1328.811},{"text":"does","start":1328.811,"end":1329.019},{"text":"not","start":1329.035,"end":1329.131},{"text":"support","start":1329.131,"end":1329.692},{"text":"intermediate,","start":1329.836,"end":1330.573},{"text":"intermediary,","start":1330.669,"end":1331.342},{"text":"or","start":1331.999,"end":1332.031},{"text":"transitional","start":1332.031,"end":1332.608},{"text":"approaches","start":1332.656,"end":1333.137},{"text":"that","start":1333.137,"end":1333.233},{"text":"seek","start":1333.233,"end":1333.554},{"text":"to","start":1333.554,"end":1333.698},{"text":"defer","start":1333.698,"end":1334.034},{"text":"or","start":1334.819,"end":1334.899},{"text":"dilute","start":1334.899,"end":1335.284},{"text":"discussion","start":1335.284,"end":1335.813},{"text":"of","start":1335.925,"end":1336.021},{"text":"the","start":1336.021,"end":1336.101},{"text":"veto,","start":1336.101,"end":1336.374},{"text":"nor","start":1337.463,"end":1337.623},{"text":"do","start":1337.623,"end":1337.703},{"text":"we","start":1337.703,"end":1337.864},{"text":"believe","start":1337.864,"end":1338.216},{"text":"that","start":1338.248,"end":1338.408},{"text":"the","start":1338.408,"end":1338.585},{"text":"issue","start":1338.585,"end":1338.793},{"text":"of","start":1338.809,"end":1338.841},{"text":"the","start":1338.841,"end":1338.985},{"text":"veto","start":1338.985,"end":1339.274},{"text":"can","start":1339.546,"end":1339.674},{"text":"be","start":1339.706,"end":1339.786},{"text":"postponed","start":1339.786,"end":1340.395},{"text":"until","start":1340.507,"end":1340.892},{"text":"after","start":1340.908,"end":1341.148},{"text":"agreement","start":1341.228,"end":1341.709},{"text":"is","start":1341.709,"end":1341.837},{"text":"reached","start":1341.869,"end":1342.222},{"text":"on","start":1342.751,"end":1342.799},{"text":"the","start":1342.831,"end":1342.911},{"text":"arrangement","start":1342.975,"end":1343.712},{"text":"of","start":1343.792,"end":1343.936},{"text":"the","start":1343.936,"end":1344.016},{"text":"Council.","start":1344.016,"end":1344.401}]},{"text":"The question of the veto is integral to the overall reform package and must be addressed as such.","start":1345.859,"end":1350.816,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."},{"key":"african-representation","label":"African Permanent Representation","description":"African states and their supporters emphasized that Africa remains excluded from permanent membership and veto power despite being central to much of the Council's agenda. They framed this as a historical injustice and called for permanent African seats with full prerogatives if the veto remains."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1345.859,"end":1345.955},{"text":"question","start":1345.955,"end":1346.356},{"text":"of","start":1346.356,"end":1346.404},{"text":"the","start":1346.436,"end":1346.516},{"text":"veto","start":1346.58,"end":1346.981},{"text":"is","start":1347.013,"end":1347.125},{"text":"integral","start":1347.157,"end":1347.718},{"text":"to","start":1347.718,"end":1347.862},{"text":"the","start":1347.862,"end":1347.926},{"text":"overall","start":1347.942,"end":1348.343},{"text":"reform","start":1348.343,"end":1348.647},{"text":"package","start":1348.743,"end":1349.128},{"text":"and","start":1349.464,"end":1349.528},{"text":"must","start":1349.56,"end":1349.721},{"text":"be","start":1349.721,"end":1349.865},{"text":"addressed","start":1349.865,"end":1350.49},{"text":"as","start":1350.427,"end":1350.492},{"text":"such.","start":1350.524,"end":1350.816}]},{"text":"Distinguished co-chairs, with regards to Article 27 of the UN Charter, and in particular the requirement that the party to a dispute shall abstain from voting, our view is that the Charter already provides clear guidance.","start":1352.39,"end":1366.81,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":1352.39,"end":1352.86},{"text":"co-chairs,","start":1352.86,"end":1353.331},{"text":"with","start":1354.499,"end":1354.58},{"text":"regards","start":1354.58,"end":1354.953},{"text":"to","start":1354.969,"end":1355.066},{"text":"Article","start":1355.148,"end":1355.472},{"text":"27","start":1355.472,"end":1356.364},{"text":"of","start":1356.51,"end":1356.624},{"text":"the","start":1356.624,"end":1356.77},{"text":"UN","start":1356.77,"end":1356.964},{"text":"Charter,","start":1357.094,"end":1357.548},{"text":"and","start":1358.202,"end":1358.266},{"text":"in","start":1358.298,"end":1358.443},{"text":"particular","start":1358.443,"end":1359.054},{"text":"the","start":1359.634,"end":1359.73},{"text":"requirement","start":1359.73,"end":1360.213},{"text":"that","start":1360.213,"end":1360.31},{"text":"the","start":1360.31,"end":1360.438},{"text":"party","start":1360.438,"end":1360.824},{"text":"to","start":1360.857,"end":1360.985},{"text":"a","start":1361.034,"end":1361.05},{"text":"dispute","start":1361.098,"end":1361.565},{"text":"shall","start":1361.565,"end":1361.806},{"text":"abstain","start":1361.822,"end":1362.192},{"text":"from","start":1362.289,"end":1362.401},{"text":"voting,","start":1362.466,"end":1362.836},{"text":"our","start":1363.753,"end":1363.914},{"text":"view","start":1363.914,"end":1364.252},{"text":"is","start":1364.3,"end":1364.364},{"text":"that","start":1364.397,"end":1364.493},{"text":"the","start":1364.493,"end":1364.638},{"text":"Charter","start":1364.638,"end":1365.024},{"text":"already","start":1365.105,"end":1365.362},{"text":"provides","start":1365.362,"end":1365.893},{"text":"clear","start":1366.022,"end":1366.263},{"text":"guidance.","start":1366.311,"end":1366.81}]},{"text":"The article states that, and I quote, decisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of 9 members, including the concurring votes of the permanent members, provided that in decisions under Chapter 6 and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting.","start":1367.991,"end":1390.345,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1367.991,"end":1368.073},{"text":"article","start":1368.154,"end":1368.447},{"text":"states","start":1368.48,"end":1368.919},{"text":"that,","start":1369.31,"end":1369.472},{"text":"and","start":1369.489,"end":1369.619},{"text":"I","start":1369.619,"end":1369.635},{"text":"quote,","start":1369.717,"end":1369.977},{"text":"decisions","start":1371.01,"end":1371.415},{"text":"of","start":1371.447,"end":1371.512},{"text":"the","start":1371.512,"end":1371.544},{"text":"Security","start":1371.544,"end":1372.063},{"text":"Council","start":1372.079,"end":1372.485},{"text":"on","start":1372.728,"end":1372.793},{"text":"all","start":1372.89,"end":1373.198},{"text":"other","start":1373.295,"end":1373.409},{"text":"matters","start":1373.457,"end":1373.846},{"text":"shall","start":1374.138,"end":1374.284},{"text":"be","start":1374.284,"end":1374.381},{"text":"made","start":1374.381,"end":1374.738},{"text":"by","start":1375.403,"end":1375.467},{"text":"an","start":1375.484,"end":1375.548},{"text":"affirmative","start":1375.565,"end":1376.148},{"text":"vote","start":1376.148,"end":1376.391},{"text":"of","start":1376.391,"end":1376.521},{"text":"9","start":1376.554,"end":1376.764},{"text":"members,","start":1376.797,"end":1377.137},{"text":"including","start":1377.783,"end":1378.232},{"text":"the","start":1378.264,"end":1378.296},{"text":"concurring","start":1378.344,"end":1378.794},{"text":"votes","start":1378.89,"end":1379.163},{"text":"of","start":1379.227,"end":1379.291},{"text":"the","start":1379.307,"end":1379.387},{"text":"permanent","start":1379.387,"end":1379.949},{"text":"members,","start":1379.949,"end":1380.318},{"text":"provided","start":1381.232,"end":1381.633},{"text":"that","start":1381.633,"end":1381.97},{"text":"in","start":1382.034,"end":1382.179},{"text":"decisions","start":1382.179,"end":1382.772},{"text":"under","start":1382.917,"end":1383.221},{"text":"Chapter","start":1383.221,"end":1383.558},{"text":"6","start":1383.558,"end":1384.056},{"text":"and","start":1384.746,"end":1384.81},{"text":"under","start":1384.922,"end":1385.147},{"text":"paragraph","start":1385.147,"end":1385.516},{"text":"3","start":1385.628,"end":1385.82},{"text":"of","start":1386.045,"end":1386.141},{"text":"Article","start":1386.27,"end":1386.51},{"text":"52,","start":1386.526,"end":1387.04},{"text":"a","start":1387.97,"end":1388.034},{"text":"party","start":1388.034,"end":1388.371},{"text":"to","start":1388.371,"end":1388.5},{"text":"a","start":1388.532,"end":1388.612},{"text":"dispute","start":1388.612,"end":1388.997},{"text":"shall","start":1388.997,"end":1389.238},{"text":"abstain","start":1389.238,"end":1389.623},{"text":"from","start":1389.735,"end":1389.895},{"text":"voting.","start":1389.96,"end":1390.345}]},{"text":"End of quote.","start":1391.099,"end":1391.564,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"End","start":1391.099,"end":1391.163},{"text":"of","start":1391.243,"end":1391.387},{"text":"quote.","start":1391.403,"end":1391.564}]},{"text":"The issue before us is therefore less one of textual ambiguity than of faithful implementation.","start":1392.847,"end":1398.928,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1392.847,"end":1392.928},{"text":"issue","start":1393.008,"end":1393.248},{"text":"before","start":1393.248,"end":1393.649},{"text":"us","start":1393.649,"end":1393.842},{"text":"is","start":1393.842,"end":1393.954},{"text":"therefore","start":1393.986,"end":1394.371},{"text":"less","start":1394.371,"end":1394.644},{"text":"one","start":1395.109,"end":1395.238},{"text":"of","start":1395.286,"end":1395.398},{"text":"textual","start":1395.43,"end":1395.831},{"text":"ambiguity","start":1395.831,"end":1396.521},{"text":"than","start":1397.355,"end":1397.484},{"text":"of","start":1397.58,"end":1397.612},{"text":"faithful","start":1397.612,"end":1398.013},{"text":"implementation.","start":1398.061,"end":1398.928}]},{"text":"The authority and credibility of the Security Council depend in part on consistent observance of the Charter provisions governing its decision-making.","start":1399.922,"end":1408.959,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1399.922,"end":1399.97},{"text":"authority","start":1400.067,"end":1400.612},{"text":"and","start":1400.644,"end":1400.789},{"text":"credibility","start":1400.789,"end":1401.43},{"text":"of","start":1401.43,"end":1401.511},{"text":"the","start":1401.511,"end":1401.543},{"text":"Security","start":1401.543,"end":1402.008},{"text":"Council","start":1402.008,"end":1402.377},{"text":"depend","start":1402.409,"end":1402.778},{"text":"in","start":1402.81,"end":1402.858},{"text":"part","start":1402.971,"end":1403.42},{"text":"on","start":1404.014,"end":1404.062},{"text":"consistent","start":1404.239,"end":1404.913},{"text":"observance","start":1404.977,"end":1405.796},{"text":"of","start":1405.924,"end":1406.069},{"text":"the","start":1406.101,"end":1406.245},{"text":"Charter","start":1406.245,"end":1406.583},{"text":"provisions","start":1406.583,"end":1407.193},{"text":"governing","start":1407.851,"end":1408.076},{"text":"its","start":1408.092,"end":1408.268},{"text":"decision-making.","start":1408.268,"end":1408.959}]},{"text":"In this regard, we recall the commitment in the Pact for the Future to fully comply with and implement all relevant provisions of the Charter relating to decision-making in the Security Council, including Article 27, paragraph 3.","start":1410.436,"end":1424.082,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1410.436,"end":1410.484},{"text":"this","start":1410.516,"end":1410.661},{"text":"regard,","start":1410.661,"end":1410.966},{"text":"we","start":1410.998,"end":1411.158},{"text":"recall","start":1411.158,"end":1411.495},{"text":"the","start":1411.495,"end":1411.624},{"text":"commitment","start":1411.624,"end":1412.282},{"text":"in","start":1412.282,"end":1412.362},{"text":"the","start":1412.362,"end":1412.443},{"text":"Pact","start":1412.443,"end":1412.892},{"text":"for","start":1412.908,"end":1413.005},{"text":"the","start":1413.005,"end":1413.149},{"text":"Future","start":1413.149,"end":1413.647},{"text":"to","start":1413.647,"end":1413.775},{"text":"fully","start":1413.791,"end":1414.016},{"text":"comply","start":1414.032,"end":1414.401},{"text":"with","start":1414.771,"end":1415.027},{"text":"and","start":1415.557,"end":1415.654},{"text":"implement","start":1415.654,"end":1416.119},{"text":"all","start":1416.2,"end":1416.328},{"text":"relevant","start":1416.36,"end":1416.761},{"text":"provisions","start":1416.761,"end":1417.227},{"text":"of","start":1417.243,"end":1417.323},{"text":"the","start":1417.323,"end":1417.42},{"text":"Charter","start":1417.42,"end":1417.741},{"text":"relating","start":1417.741,"end":1418.833},{"text":"to","start":1418.865,"end":1418.993},{"text":"decision-making","start":1419.025,"end":1419.796},{"text":"in","start":1420.133,"end":1420.181},{"text":"the","start":1420.213,"end":1420.294},{"text":"Security","start":1420.294,"end":1420.711},{"text":"Council,","start":1420.711,"end":1421.096},{"text":"including","start":1421.835,"end":1422.252},{"text":"Article","start":1422.461,"end":1422.766},{"text":"27,","start":1422.798,"end":1423.344},{"text":"paragraph","start":1423.36,"end":1423.713},{"text":"3.","start":1423.842,"end":1424.082}]},{"text":"That commitment should now be translated into practice.","start":1425.206,"end":1427.823,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":1425.206,"end":1425.367},{"text":"commitment","start":1425.367,"end":1425.881},{"text":"should","start":1425.929,"end":1426.057},{"text":"now","start":1426.057,"end":1426.33},{"text":"be","start":1426.33,"end":1426.475},{"text":"translated","start":1426.475,"end":1427.133},{"text":"into","start":1427.197,"end":1427.326},{"text":"practice.","start":1427.374,"end":1427.823}]},{"text":"The application of Article 27 should not remain merely aspirational.","start":1428.819,"end":1433.636,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1428.819,"end":1428.867},{"text":"application","start":1428.899,"end":1429.461},{"text":"of","start":1429.461,"end":1429.605},{"text":"Article","start":1429.621,"end":1429.943},{"text":"27","start":1429.943,"end":1430.745},{"text":"should","start":1430.89,"end":1431.066},{"text":"not","start":1431.066,"end":1431.452},{"text":"remain","start":1431.452,"end":1431.757},{"text":"merely","start":1432.03,"end":1432.399},{"text":"aspirational.","start":1432.752,"end":1433.636}]},{"text":"It should be approached seriously, consistently, and in good faith.","start":1434.342,"end":1438.181,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1434.342,"end":1434.423},{"text":"should","start":1434.423,"end":1434.535},{"text":"be","start":1434.535,"end":1434.664},{"text":"approached","start":1434.744,"end":1435.242},{"text":"seriously,","start":1435.242,"end":1435.772},{"text":"consistently,","start":1436.029,"end":1436.736},{"text":"and","start":1437.475,"end":1437.555},{"text":"in","start":1437.635,"end":1437.7},{"text":"good","start":1437.732,"end":1437.908},{"text":"faith.","start":1437.957,"end":1438.181}]},{"text":"We also believe that reflection on the implementation of Article 27, as well as on the responsible use of the veto, need not be confined to the IGN process.","start":1439.402,"end":1449.425,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1439.402,"end":1439.483},{"text":"also","start":1439.483,"end":1439.675},{"text":"believe","start":1439.74,"end":1440.045},{"text":"that","start":1440.061,"end":1440.237},{"text":"reflection","start":1440.286,"end":1440.832},{"text":"on","start":1441.105,"end":1441.185},{"text":"the","start":1441.185,"end":1441.265},{"text":"implementation","start":1441.265,"end":1441.908},{"text":"of","start":1441.908,"end":1442.053},{"text":"Article","start":1442.069,"end":1442.39},{"text":"27,","start":1442.39,"end":1443.209},{"text":"as","start":1443.9,"end":1443.964},{"text":"well","start":1443.996,"end":1444.173},{"text":"as","start":1444.221,"end":1444.285},{"text":"on","start":1444.462,"end":1444.607},{"text":"the","start":1444.639,"end":1444.783},{"text":"responsible","start":1444.783,"end":1445.345},{"text":"use","start":1445.345,"end":1445.602},{"text":"of","start":1445.602,"end":1445.683},{"text":"the","start":1445.683,"end":1445.827},{"text":"veto,","start":1445.827,"end":1446.181},{"text":"need","start":1446.887,"end":1447.096},{"text":"not","start":1447.193,"end":1447.289},{"text":"be","start":1447.289,"end":1447.45},{"text":"confined","start":1447.45,"end":1448.06},{"text":"to","start":1448.172,"end":1448.333},{"text":"the","start":1448.333,"end":1448.478},{"text":"IGN","start":1448.558,"end":1448.943},{"text":"process.","start":1448.976,"end":1449.425}]},{"text":"Certain aspects of practice, accountability, and political commitment may also be advanced through broader deliberations and initiatives, provided such efforts remain without prejudice to the IGN process, General Assembly Decision 62/557, and the Common African Position.","start":1450.598,"end":1467.404,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"Certain","start":1450.598,"end":1450.951},{"text":"aspects","start":1451.048,"end":1451.449},{"text":"of","start":1451.449,"end":1451.562},{"text":"practice,","start":1451.562,"end":1452.124},{"text":"accountability,","start":1452.268,"end":1453.12},{"text":"and","start":1453.313,"end":1453.457},{"text":"political","start":1453.473,"end":1453.875},{"text":"commitment","start":1453.875,"end":1454.565},{"text":"may","start":1454.983,"end":1455.112},{"text":"also","start":1455.144,"end":1455.336},{"text":"be","start":1455.385,"end":1455.465},{"text":"advanced","start":1455.481,"end":1456.027},{"text":"through","start":1456.027,"end":1456.14},{"text":"broader","start":1456.14,"end":1456.525},{"text":"deliberations","start":1456.525,"end":1457.328},{"text":"and","start":1457.392,"end":1457.489},{"text":"initiatives,","start":1457.489,"end":1458.099},{"text":"provided","start":1458.693,"end":1459.03},{"text":"such","start":1459.03,"end":1459.383},{"text":"efforts","start":1459.479,"end":1459.816},{"text":"remain","start":1459.816,"end":1460.185},{"text":"without","start":1460.297,"end":1460.618},{"text":"prejudice","start":1460.618,"end":1461.195},{"text":"to","start":1461.244,"end":1461.276},{"text":"the","start":1461.276,"end":1461.468},{"text":"IGN","start":1461.5,"end":1461.789},{"text":"process,","start":1461.885,"end":1462.415},{"text":"General","start":1463.024,"end":1463.249},{"text":"Assembly","start":1463.249,"end":1463.586},{"text":"Decision","start":1463.586,"end":1463.939},{"text":"62/557,","start":1463.987,"end":1465.559},{"text":"and","start":1466.152,"end":1466.216},{"text":"the","start":1466.297,"end":1466.377},{"text":"Common","start":1466.377,"end":1466.585},{"text":"African","start":1466.698,"end":1466.97},{"text":"Position.","start":1467.035,"end":1467.404}]},{"text":"Distinguished Co-Chairs, on the limitation and responsible use of the veto, we recall General Assembly Resolution 76/262 and other relevant initiatives.","start":1468.863,"end":1479.836,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":1468.863,"end":1469.281},{"text":"Co-Chairs,","start":1469.281,"end":1469.81},{"text":"on","start":1470.788,"end":1470.837},{"text":"the","start":1470.869,"end":1470.965},{"text":"limitation","start":1470.965,"end":1471.494},{"text":"and","start":1471.51,"end":1471.639},{"text":"responsible","start":1471.671,"end":1472.184},{"text":"use","start":1472.184,"end":1472.409},{"text":"of","start":1472.409,"end":1472.489},{"text":"the","start":1472.489,"end":1472.633},{"text":"veto,","start":1472.633,"end":1473.034},{"text":"we","start":1473.917,"end":1474.013},{"text":"recall","start":1474.013,"end":1474.414},{"text":"General","start":1474.414,"end":1474.655},{"text":"Assembly","start":1474.655,"end":1475.104},{"text":"Resolution","start":1475.216,"end":1475.826},{"text":"76/262","start":1475.858,"end":1477.654},{"text":"and","start":1478.408,"end":1478.505},{"text":"other","start":1478.505,"end":1478.713},{"text":"relevant","start":1478.745,"end":1479.243},{"text":"initiatives.","start":1479.243,"end":1479.836}]},{"text":"In our view, such initiatives do not replace comprehensive reform nor do they alter established positions within the IGN.","start":1480.831,"end":1488.022,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1480.831,"end":1480.975},{"text":"our","start":1480.975,"end":1481.119},{"text":"view,","start":1481.135,"end":1481.408},{"text":"such","start":1482.13,"end":1482.323},{"text":"initiatives","start":1482.435,"end":1482.964},{"text":"do","start":1483.028,"end":1483.077},{"text":"not","start":1483.077,"end":1483.221},{"text":"replace","start":1483.237,"end":1483.718},{"text":"comprehensive","start":1483.718,"end":1484.28},{"text":"reform","start":1484.28,"end":1484.649},{"text":"nor","start":1485.307,"end":1485.419},{"text":"do","start":1485.419,"end":1485.548},{"text":"they","start":1485.548,"end":1485.644},{"text":"alter","start":1485.789,"end":1485.95},{"text":"established","start":1486.03,"end":1486.528},{"text":"positions","start":1486.528,"end":1487.107},{"text":"within","start":1487.171,"end":1487.412},{"text":"the","start":1487.412,"end":1487.492},{"text":"IGN.","start":1487.556,"end":1488.022}]},{"text":"At the same time, they may contribute to greater transparency, accountability, and restraint in the use of the veto.","start":1489.26,"end":1496.426,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":1489.26,"end":1489.308},{"text":"the","start":1489.308,"end":1489.356},{"text":"same","start":1489.356,"end":1489.629},{"text":"time,","start":1489.661,"end":1489.854},{"text":"they","start":1490.947,"end":1491.027},{"text":"may","start":1491.043,"end":1491.188},{"text":"contribute","start":1491.188,"end":1491.75},{"text":"to","start":1491.75,"end":1491.879},{"text":"greater","start":1491.911,"end":1492.152},{"text":"transparency,","start":1492.152,"end":1492.923},{"text":"accountability,","start":1493.1,"end":1493.887},{"text":"and","start":1494.723,"end":1494.867},{"text":"restraint","start":1494.867,"end":1495.446},{"text":"in","start":1495.446,"end":1495.494},{"text":"the","start":1495.526,"end":1495.607},{"text":"use","start":1495.607,"end":1495.848},{"text":"of","start":1495.848,"end":1495.928},{"text":"the","start":1495.928,"end":1496.008},{"text":"veto.","start":1496.008,"end":1496.426}]},{"text":"From the African perspective, the responsible and restrained use of the veto can help strengthen the credibility and moral authority of the Security Council.","start":1497.535,"end":1506.581,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"From","start":1497.535,"end":1497.695},{"text":"the","start":1497.695,"end":1497.776},{"text":"African","start":1497.84,"end":1498.129},{"text":"perspective,","start":1498.177,"end":1498.868},{"text":"the","start":1499.608,"end":1499.688},{"text":"responsible","start":1499.688,"end":1500.411},{"text":"and","start":1500.411,"end":1500.475},{"text":"restrained","start":1500.491,"end":1500.909},{"text":"use","start":1500.909,"end":1501.166},{"text":"of","start":1501.166,"end":1501.23},{"text":"the","start":1501.23,"end":1501.375},{"text":"veto","start":1501.391,"end":1501.68},{"text":"can","start":1501.937,"end":1502.05},{"text":"help","start":1502.098,"end":1502.259},{"text":"strengthen","start":1502.259,"end":1502.805},{"text":"the","start":1502.837,"end":1502.918},{"text":"credibility","start":1502.918,"end":1503.609},{"text":"and","start":1504.348,"end":1504.412},{"text":"moral","start":1504.508,"end":1504.846},{"text":"authority","start":1504.846,"end":1505.376},{"text":"of","start":1505.408,"end":1505.488},{"text":"the","start":1505.488,"end":1505.569},{"text":"Security","start":1505.569,"end":1506.051},{"text":"Council.","start":1506.051,"end":1506.581}]},{"text":"It can support more timely action in the face of grave crisis, ending atrocities, and help ensure that exceptional power is exercised with commensurate responsibility in a manner consistent with the Charter and international law.","start":1507.658,"end":1522.448,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1507.658,"end":1507.738},{"text":"can","start":1507.738,"end":1507.899},{"text":"support","start":1507.899,"end":1508.477},{"text":"more","start":1508.638,"end":1508.863},{"text":"timely","start":1508.863,"end":1509.232},{"text":"action","start":1509.329,"end":1509.714},{"text":"in","start":1509.907,"end":1509.955},{"text":"the","start":1509.988,"end":1510.132},{"text":"face","start":1510.132,"end":1510.454},{"text":"of","start":1510.454,"end":1510.598},{"text":"grave","start":1510.614,"end":1510.92},{"text":"crisis,","start":1510.92,"end":1511.368},{"text":"ending","start":1512.234,"end":1512.523},{"text":"atrocities,","start":1512.539,"end":1513.293},{"text":"and","start":1513.341,"end":1513.437},{"text":"help","start":1513.437,"end":1513.677},{"text":"ensure","start":1513.677,"end":1514.142},{"text":"that","start":1514.142,"end":1514.479},{"text":"exceptional","start":1514.479,"end":1515.04},{"text":"power","start":1515.04,"end":1515.441},{"text":"is","start":1516.066,"end":1516.211},{"text":"exercised","start":1516.243,"end":1516.804},{"text":"with","start":1516.804,"end":1516.948},{"text":"commensurate","start":1516.964,"end":1517.606},{"text":"responsibility","start":1517.606,"end":1518.536},{"text":"in","start":1519.225,"end":1519.353},{"text":"a","start":1519.353,"end":1519.385},{"text":"manner","start":1519.385,"end":1519.754},{"text":"consistent","start":1519.754,"end":1520.396},{"text":"with","start":1520.396,"end":1520.46},{"text":"the","start":1520.46,"end":1520.492},{"text":"Charter","start":1520.572,"end":1521.021},{"text":"and","start":1521.598,"end":1521.694},{"text":"international","start":1521.758,"end":1522.4},{"text":"law.","start":1522.4,"end":1522.448}]},{"text":"Let me conclude, distinguished co-chairs, by underscoring that all 5 clusters of the Security Council reform remain interlinked.","start":1523.859,"end":1529.711,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":1523.859,"end":1523.939},{"text":"me","start":1523.939,"end":1524.083},{"text":"conclude,","start":1524.083,"end":1524.468},{"text":"distinguished","start":1524.484,"end":1524.901},{"text":"co-chairs,","start":1524.901,"end":1525.43},{"text":"by","start":1525.462,"end":1525.542},{"text":"underscoring","start":1525.623,"end":1526.072},{"text":"that","start":1526.12,"end":1526.408},{"text":"all","start":1526.488,"end":1526.649},{"text":"5","start":1526.649,"end":1526.953},{"text":"clusters","start":1526.969,"end":1527.354},{"text":"of","start":1527.45,"end":1527.483},{"text":"the","start":1527.483,"end":1527.563},{"text":"Security","start":1527.563,"end":1527.948},{"text":"Council","start":1527.948,"end":1528.236},{"text":"reform","start":1528.252,"end":1528.621},{"text":"remain","start":1528.669,"end":1529.054},{"text":"interlinked.","start":1529.214,"end":1529.711}]},{"text":"The veto is not a peripheral question.","start":1530.513,"end":1532.806,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1530.513,"end":1530.609},{"text":"veto","start":1530.609,"end":1531.154},{"text":"is","start":1531.315,"end":1531.363},{"text":"not","start":1531.475,"end":1531.651},{"text":"a","start":1531.715,"end":1531.731},{"text":"peripheral","start":1531.796,"end":1532.341},{"text":"question.","start":1532.341,"end":1532.806}]},{"text":"It goes to the heart of the legitimacy, representativeness, and effectiveness of a reformed Council.","start":1533.64,"end":1539.235,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1533.64,"end":1533.72},{"text":"goes","start":1533.72,"end":1533.928},{"text":"to","start":1533.96,"end":1534.04},{"text":"the","start":1534.04,"end":1534.185},{"text":"heart","start":1534.185,"end":1534.505},{"text":"of","start":1534.521,"end":1534.569},{"text":"the","start":1534.602,"end":1534.682},{"text":"legitimacy,","start":1534.682,"end":1535.451},{"text":"representativeness,","start":1536.045,"end":1537.167},{"text":"and","start":1537.231,"end":1537.295},{"text":"effectiveness","start":1537.327,"end":1538.113},{"text":"of","start":1538.113,"end":1538.161},{"text":"a","start":1538.209,"end":1538.289},{"text":"reformed","start":1538.289,"end":1538.658},{"text":"Council.","start":1538.69,"end":1539.235}]},{"text":"Africa remains committed to engaging constructively in this process on the basis of the common African position with a view to achieving a Council that is more just, more democratic, and more responsive to the realities of our time.","start":1540.118,"end":1553.729,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."},{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical 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thank you.","start":1554.536,"end":1554.923,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1554.536,"end":1554.568},{"text":"thank","start":1554.6,"end":1554.842},{"text":"you.","start":1554.842,"end":1554.923}]},{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Sierra","start":1557.241,"end":1559.665,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1557.241,"end":1557.337},{"text":"thank","start":1557.337,"end":1557.725},{"text":"the","start":1557.725,"end":1557.822},{"text":"distinguished","start":1557.822,"end":1558.291},{"text":"representative","start":1558.291,"end":1559.115},{"text":"of","start":1559.115,"end":1559.245},{"text":"Sierra","start":1559.342,"end":1559.665}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone","group":"Africa Group","function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":9,"start":1559.665,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=1560","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Leone, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Saint Lucia.","start":1559.665,"end":1564.368,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Leone,","start":1559.665,"end":1559.972},{"text":"and","start":1560.812,"end":1560.877},{"text":"I","start":1560.958,"end":1561.055},{"text":"give","start":1561.119,"end":1561.232},{"text":"the","start":1561.297,"end":1561.378},{"text":"floor","start":1561.378,"end":1561.717},{"text":"to","start":1561.944,"end":1562.024},{"text":"the","start":1562.024,"end":1562.105},{"text":"distinguished","start":1562.121,"end":1562.671},{"text":"representative","start":1562.671,"end":1563.56},{"text":"of","start":1563.56,"end":1563.705},{"text":"Saint","start":1563.705,"end":1564.028},{"text":"Lucia.","start":1564.045,"end":1564.368}]},{"text":"Thank you, distinguished co-chairs, distinguished colleagues.","start":1567.025,"end":1571.4,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1567.025,"end":1567.361},{"text":"you,","start":1567.41,"end":1567.602},{"text":"distinguished","start":1568.531,"end":1569.172},{"text":"co-chairs,","start":1569.188,"end":1569.877},{"text":"distinguished","start":1569.99,"end":1570.855},{"text":"colleagues.","start":1570.855,"end":1571.4}]},{"text":"Good","start":1572.073,"end":1572.217,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":1572.073,"end":1572.217}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IGN","affiliation_full":"IGN","group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":10,"start":1572.217,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=1573","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"morning.","start":1572.217,"end":1572.521,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"morning.","start":1572.217,"end":1572.521}]},{"text":"The L69 group speaks today on the question of the veto.","start":1573.755,"end":1577.762,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1573.755,"end":1573.9},{"text":"L69","start":1573.98,"end":1574.685},{"text":"group","start":1574.781,"end":1575.021},{"text":"speaks","start":1575.053,"end":1575.502},{"text":"today","start":1575.502,"end":1575.79},{"text":"on","start":1576.079,"end":1576.127},{"text":"the","start":1576.159,"end":1576.319},{"text":"question","start":1576.319,"end":1576.848},{"text":"of","start":1576.976,"end":1577.121},{"text":"the","start":1577.121,"end":1577.201},{"text":"veto.","start":1577.201,"end":1577.762}]},{"text":"We do so with clarity of conviction and with the recognition of the weight this subject carries, not merely as a procedural matter within these negotiations, but as a question that goes to the very heart of the Security Council's legitimacy, its equity, and its fitness for purpose in the 21st century.","start":1578.467,"end":1601.853,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. 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Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1578.467,"end":1578.563},{"text":"do","start":1578.627,"end":1578.739},{"text":"so","start":1578.739,"end":1579.011},{"text":"with","start":1579.044,"end":1579.268},{"text":"clarity","start":1579.284,"end":1579.813},{"text":"of","start":1579.845,"end":1579.973},{"text":"conviction","start":1580.005,"end":1580.662},{"text":"and","start":1581.431,"end":1581.511},{"text":"with","start":1581.591,"end":1581.752},{"text":"the","start":1581.752,"end":1581.848},{"text":"recognition","start":1581.848,"end":1582.633},{"text":"of","start":1583.354,"end":1583.514},{"text":"the","start":1583.514,"end":1583.707},{"text":"weight","start":1583.755,"end":1584.22},{"text":"this","start":1584.636,"end":1584.732},{"text":"subject","start":1584.732,"end":1585.245},{"text":"carries,","start":1585.373,"end":1585.902},{"text":"not","start":1586.559,"end":1586.816},{"text":"merely","start":1586.816,"end":1587.104},{"text":"as","start":1587.216,"end":1587.344},{"text":"a","start":1587.376,"end":1587.392},{"text":"procedural","start":1587.521,"end":1588.146},{"text":"matter","start":1588.162,"end":1588.723},{"text":"within","start":1588.803,"end":1589.075},{"text":"these","start":1589.139,"end":1589.348},{"text":"negotiations,","start":1589.46,"end":1590.469},{"text":"but","start":1590.902,"end":1591.046},{"text":"as","start":1591.046,"end":1591.223},{"text":"a","start":1591.223,"end":1591.367},{"text":"question","start":1591.367,"end":1591.912},{"text":"that","start":1591.944,"end":1592.153},{"text":"goes","start":1592.185,"end":1592.473},{"text":"to","start":1592.57,"end":1592.618},{"text":"the","start":1592.666,"end":1592.746},{"text":"very","start":1592.746,"end":1593.035},{"text":"heart","start":1593.147,"end":1593.628},{"text":"of","start":1594.029,"end":1594.173},{"text":"the","start":1594.173,"end":1594.205},{"text":"Security","start":1594.205,"end":1594.798},{"text":"Council's","start":1594.895,"end":1595.52},{"text":"legitimacy,","start":1595.616,"end":1596.29},{"text":"its","start":1596.931,"end":1597.027},{"text":"equity,","start":1597.236,"end":1597.685},{"text":"and","start":1598.262,"end":1598.358},{"text":"its","start":1598.358,"end":1598.679},{"text":"fitness","start":1598.679,"end":1599.16},{"text":"for","start":1599.304,"end":1599.448},{"text":"purpose","start":1599.464,"end":1600.058},{"text":"in","start":1600.202,"end":1600.282},{"text":"the","start":1600.282,"end":1600.442},{"text":"21st","start":1600.442,"end":1601.34},{"text":"century.","start":1601.34,"end":1601.853}]},{"text":"Let us be direct.","start":1603.152,"end":1604.034,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":1603.152,"end":1603.248},{"text":"us","start":1603.248,"end":1603.409},{"text":"be","start":1603.409,"end":1603.569},{"text":"direct.","start":1603.569,"end":1604.034}]},{"text":"The veto is, in its present configuration, among the most consequential expressions of inequality in the international system.","start":1605.012,"end":1614.681,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. 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They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":1686.566,"end":1686.726},{"text":"council","start":1686.726,"end":1687.255},{"text":"empowered","start":1687.303,"end":1687.912},{"text":"to","start":1687.96,"end":1688.152},{"text":"act","start":1688.249,"end":1688.473},{"text":"on","start":1688.569,"end":1688.633},{"text":"behalf","start":1688.745,"end":1689.226},{"text":"of","start":1689.226,"end":1689.354},{"text":"all","start":1689.611,"end":1689.851},{"text":"humanity","start":1689.851,"end":1690.556},{"text":"cannot","start":1691.053,"end":1691.534},{"text":"do","start":1691.534,"end":1691.694},{"text":"so","start":1691.694,"end":1691.934},{"text":"credibly","start":1691.95,"end":1692.479},{"text":"when","start":1693.072,"end":1693.184},{"text":"its","start":1693.457,"end":1693.745},{"text":"most","start":1694.418,"end":1694.899},{"text":"consequential","start":1694.899,"end":1695.861},{"text":"decisions","start":1695.861,"end":1696.566},{"text":"can","start":1696.838,"end":1697.046},{"text":"be","start":1697.078,"end":1697.175},{"text":"blocked","start":1697.319,"end":1697.671},{"text":"by","start":1697.96,"end":1698.184},{"text":"a","start":1698.2,"end":1698.216},{"text":"single","start":1698.264,"end":1698.793},{"text":"state","start":1699.05,"end":1699.371},{"text":"acting","start":1699.724,"end":1700.077},{"text":"in","start":1700.43,"end":1700.479},{"text":"its","start":1700.543,"end":1700.655},{"text":"own","start":1700.832,"end":1700.96},{"text":"interest.","start":1701.089,"end":1701.586}]},{"text":"We hold this position honestly and without equivocation, but we are also realists operating within the constraints of what the present moment makes possible.","start":1702.437,"end":1715.202,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1702.437,"end":1702.598},{"text":"hold","start":1702.614,"end":1702.935},{"text":"this","start":1702.935,"end":1703.16},{"text":"position","start":1703.16,"end":1703.706},{"text":"honestly","start":1703.979,"end":1704.509},{"text":"and","start":1705.167,"end":1705.328},{"text":"without","start":1705.328,"end":1705.745},{"text":"equivocation,","start":1705.761,"end":1706.516},{"text":"but","start":1707.431,"end":1707.656},{"text":"we","start":1707.656,"end":1707.752},{"text":"are","start":1707.816,"end":1707.865},{"text":"also","start":1708.057,"end":1708.635},{"text":"realists","start":1708.86,"end":1709.631},{"text":"operating","start":1709.984,"end":1710.53},{"text":"within","start":1710.642,"end":1710.851},{"text":"the","start":1710.899,"end":1711.044},{"text":"constraints","start":1711.044,"end":1711.718},{"text":"of","start":1711.911,"end":1711.975},{"text":"what","start":1712.152,"end":1712.505},{"text":"the","start":1712.569,"end":1712.794},{"text":"present","start":1712.794,"end":1713.388},{"text":"moment","start":1713.388,"end":1713.998},{"text":"makes","start":1714.319,"end":1714.689},{"text":"possible.","start":1714.737,"end":1715.202}]},{"text":"Charter amendments require the concurrence of the permanent members themselves.","start":1716.005,"end":1720.726,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Charter","start":1716.005,"end":1716.551},{"text":"amendments","start":1716.583,"end":1717.338},{"text":"require","start":1717.37,"end":1717.948},{"text":"the","start":1717.948,"end":1718.093},{"text":"concurrence","start":1718.093,"end":1718.992},{"text":"of","start":1718.992,"end":1719.088},{"text":"the","start":1719.088,"end":1719.233},{"text":"permanent","start":1719.233,"end":1719.65},{"text":"members","start":1719.73,"end":1720.084},{"text":"themselves.","start":1720.116,"end":1720.726}]},{"text":"Abolition is the right answer.","start":1721.465,"end":1723.937,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"Abolition","start":1721.465,"end":1722.251},{"text":"is","start":1722.428,"end":1722.572},{"text":"the","start":1722.91,"end":1723.006},{"text":"right","start":1723.006,"end":1723.423},{"text":"answer.","start":1723.488,"end":1723.937}]},{"text":"It is not the answer immediately within reach.","start":1724.708,"end":1727.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1724.708,"end":1724.852},{"text":"is","start":1724.852,"end":1724.981},{"text":"not","start":1725.029,"end":1725.334},{"text":"the","start":1725.334,"end":1725.526},{"text":"answer","start":1725.559,"end":1726.104},{"text":"immediately","start":1726.217,"end":1726.987},{"text":"within","start":1727.26,"end":1727.549},{"text":"reach.","start":1727.645,"end":1727.87}]},{"text":"And so we engage these negotiations with a second firm conviction that so long as the veto exists, any expansion of permanent membership must extend the same rights and privileges to new permanent members as those enjoyed by the existing 5.","start":1728.544,"end":1748.654,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1728.544,"end":1728.608},{"text":"so","start":1728.704,"end":1729.105},{"text":"we","start":1729.587,"end":1729.796},{"text":"engage","start":1729.812,"end":1730.357},{"text":"these","start":1730.454,"end":1730.598},{"text":"negotiations","start":1730.694,"end":1731.722},{"text":"with","start":1732.155,"end":1732.38},{"text":"a","start":1732.46,"end":1732.476},{"text":"second","start":1732.492,"end":1733.246},{"text":"firm","start":1733.744,"end":1734.113},{"text":"conviction","start":1734.322,"end":1735.012},{"text":"that","start":1735.509,"end":1735.67},{"text":"so","start":1735.67,"end":1735.894},{"text":"long","start":1735.991,"end":1736.215},{"text":"as","start":1736.328,"end":1736.456},{"text":"the","start":1736.488,"end":1736.569},{"text":"veto","start":1736.713,"end":1737.034},{"text":"exists,","start":1737.13,"end":1737.772},{"text":"any","start":1738.238,"end":1738.382},{"text":"expansion","start":1738.43,"end":1739.024},{"text":"of","start":1739.12,"end":1739.185},{"text":"permanent","start":1739.281,"end":1739.762},{"text":"membership","start":1739.762,"end":1740.34},{"text":"must","start":1740.34,"end":1740.725},{"text":"extend","start":1740.725,"end":1741.191},{"text":"the","start":1741.303,"end":1741.48},{"text":"same","start":1741.48,"end":1741.881},{"text":"rights","start":1741.945,"end":1742.33},{"text":"and","start":1742.812,"end":1742.892},{"text":"privileges","start":1743.053,"end":1743.678},{"text":"to","start":1744.096,"end":1744.208},{"text":"new","start":1744.208,"end":1744.449},{"text":"permanent","start":1744.657,"end":1745.219},{"text":"members","start":1745.219,"end":1745.604},{"text":"as","start":1746.182,"end":1746.246},{"text":"those","start":1746.423,"end":1746.648},{"text":"enjoyed","start":1746.824,"end":1747.37},{"text":"by","start":1747.402,"end":1747.514},{"text":"the","start":1747.562,"end":1747.675},{"text":"existing","start":1747.723,"end":1748.253},{"text":"5.","start":1748.365,"end":1748.654}]},{"text":"On this count, Our views are fully aligned with the common African position.","start":1749.553,"end":1754.241,"topics":[{"key":"african-representation","label":"African Permanent Representation","description":"African states and their supporters emphasized that Africa remains excluded from permanent membership and veto power despite being central to much of the Council's agenda. They framed this as a historical injustice and called for permanent African seats with full prerogatives if the veto remains."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":1749.553,"end":1749.617},{"text":"this","start":1749.713,"end":1749.922},{"text":"count,","start":1749.97,"end":1750.451},{"text":"Our","start":1750.76,"end":1751.004},{"text":"views","start":1751.02,"end":1751.394},{"text":"are","start":1751.655,"end":1751.801},{"text":"fully","start":1751.817,"end":1752.045},{"text":"aligned","start":1752.159,"end":1752.777},{"text":"with","start":1752.793,"end":1752.891},{"text":"the","start":1752.891,"end":1753.054},{"text":"common","start":1753.054,"end":1753.347},{"text":"African","start":1753.444,"end":1753.753},{"text":"position.","start":1753.867,"end":1754.241}]},{"text":"This is not a concession to the logic of the veto; it is a refusal to compound its inequity.","start":1755.92,"end":1763.616,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1755.92,"end":1756.114},{"text":"is","start":1756.114,"end":1756.179},{"text":"not","start":1756.26,"end":1756.616},{"text":"a","start":1756.908,"end":1756.924},{"text":"concession","start":1757.329,"end":1758.107},{"text":"to","start":1758.366,"end":1758.431},{"text":"the","start":1758.464,"end":1758.561},{"text":"logic","start":1758.771,"end":1759.128},{"text":"of","start":1759.274,"end":1759.322},{"text":"the","start":1759.355,"end":1759.436},{"text":"veto;","start":1759.501,"end":1759.906},{"text":"it","start":1760.473,"end":1760.635},{"text":"is","start":1760.635,"end":1760.7},{"text":"a","start":1760.797,"end":1760.813},{"text":"refusal","start":1760.813,"end":1761.834},{"text":"to","start":1761.883,"end":1762.028},{"text":"compound","start":1762.028,"end":1762.806},{"text":"its","start":1762.839,"end":1763.066},{"text":"inequity.","start":1763.066,"end":1763.616}]},{"text":"To create new permanent members without the veto would be to establish a two-tier permanence, a hierarchy within a hierarchy, and to entrench a structural.","start":1764.18,"end":1775.221,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":1764.18,"end":1764.26},{"text":"create","start":1764.26,"end":1764.614},{"text":"new","start":1764.614,"end":1764.743},{"text":"permanent","start":1764.92,"end":1765.419},{"text":"members","start":1765.419,"end":1765.79},{"text":"without","start":1765.902,"end":1766.289},{"text":"the","start":1766.289,"end":1766.369},{"text":"veto","start":1766.386,"end":1766.853},{"text":"would","start":1767.336,"end":1767.497},{"text":"be","start":1767.593,"end":1767.819},{"text":"to","start":1767.819,"end":1767.964},{"text":"establish","start":1767.996,"end":1768.704},{"text":"a","start":1768.865,"end":1768.881},{"text":"two-tier","start":1769.042,"end":1769.622},{"text":"permanence,","start":1769.767,"end":1770.411},{"text":"a","start":1770.798,"end":1770.814},{"text":"hierarchy","start":1770.878,"end":1771.587},{"text":"within","start":1771.844,"end":1772.199},{"text":"a","start":1772.199,"end":1772.376},{"text":"hierarchy,","start":1772.408,"end":1773.004},{"text":"and","start":1773.535,"end":1773.6},{"text":"to","start":1773.616,"end":1773.714},{"text":"entrench","start":1773.78,"end":1774.369},{"text":"a","start":1774.533,"end":1774.566},{"text":"structural.","start":1774.615,"end":1775.221}]},{"text":"Subordination of the newly admitted against the original 5.","start":1776.03,"end":1780.56,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"Subordination","start":1776.03,"end":1777.094},{"text":"of","start":1777.094,"end":1777.158},{"text":"the","start":1777.19,"end":1777.287},{"text":"newly","start":1777.287,"end":1777.722},{"text":"admitted","start":1777.835,"end":1778.448},{"text":"against","start":1778.706,"end":1779.432},{"text":"the","start":1779.432,"end":1779.528},{"text":"original","start":1779.528,"end":1780.093},{"text":"5.","start":1780.093,"end":1780.56}]},{"text":"This would be tantamount to compounding the existing inequities.","start":1781.221,"end":1785.622,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1781.221,"end":1781.479},{"text":"would","start":1781.544,"end":1781.705},{"text":"be","start":1781.705,"end":1781.802},{"text":"tantamount","start":1781.947,"end":1782.737},{"text":"to","start":1782.737,"end":1782.834},{"text":"compounding","start":1782.834,"end":1783.608},{"text":"the","start":1783.85,"end":1783.882},{"text":"existing","start":1783.93,"end":1784.494},{"text":"inequities.","start":1784.752,"end":1785.622}]},{"text":"The L69 will not accept a reform that offers equity in form while denying it in substance.","start":1786.138,"end":1793.228,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1786.138,"end":1786.283},{"text":"L69","start":1786.299,"end":1786.992},{"text":"will","start":1787.024,"end":1787.185},{"text":"not","start":1787.185,"end":1787.346},{"text":"accept","start":1787.411,"end":1787.91},{"text":"a","start":1787.975,"end":1788.055},{"text":"reform","start":1788.055,"end":1788.523},{"text":"that","start":1788.636,"end":1788.845},{"text":"offers","start":1788.942,"end":1789.248},{"text":"equity","start":1789.425,"end":1789.812},{"text":"in","start":1789.909,"end":1790.054},{"text":"form","start":1790.07,"end":1790.521},{"text":"while","start":1790.972,"end":1791.278},{"text":"denying","start":1791.278,"end":1791.81},{"text":"it","start":1791.923,"end":1792.036},{"text":"in","start":1792.181,"end":1792.229},{"text":"substance.","start":1792.342,"end":1793.228}]},{"text":"If permanent membership means anything, it must mean the same thing for all who hold it.","start":1793.77,"end":1799.905,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":1793.77,"end":1793.882},{"text":"permanent","start":1793.882,"end":1794.301},{"text":"membership","start":1794.365,"end":1794.913},{"text":"means","start":1794.993,"end":1795.267},{"text":"anything,","start":1795.477,"end":1795.863},{"text":"it","start":1796.443,"end":1796.604},{"text":"must","start":1796.604,"end":1796.99},{"text":"mean","start":1797.006,"end":1797.232},{"text":"the","start":1797.329,"end":1797.377},{"text":"same","start":1797.425,"end":1797.779},{"text":"thing","start":1797.908,"end":1798.102},{"text":"for","start":1798.311,"end":1798.472},{"text":"all","start":1798.697,"end":1798.746},{"text":"who","start":1799.261,"end":1799.358},{"text":"hold","start":1799.422,"end":1799.744},{"text":"it.","start":1799.744,"end":1799.905}]},{"text":"Co-chairs, We are deeply attentive to how the veto functions in practice, and the record is troubling.","start":1800.565,"end":1808.936,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"Co-chairs,","start":1800.565,"end":1801.097},{"text":"We","start":1801.56,"end":1801.672},{"text":"are","start":1801.736,"end":1801.912},{"text":"deeply","start":1801.912,"end":1802.361},{"text":"attentive","start":1802.81,"end":1803.564},{"text":"to","start":1803.837,"end":1803.917},{"text":"how","start":1803.981,"end":1804.189},{"text":"the","start":1804.462,"end":1804.558},{"text":"veto","start":1804.558,"end":1805.039},{"text":"functions","start":1805.039,"end":1805.729},{"text":"in","start":1806.162,"end":1806.21},{"text":"practice,","start":1806.322,"end":1806.9},{"text":"and","start":1807.445,"end":1807.509},{"text":"the","start":1807.605,"end":1807.75},{"text":"record","start":1807.75,"end":1808.279},{"text":"is","start":1808.327,"end":1808.391},{"text":"troubling.","start":1808.551,"end":1808.936}]},{"text":"The veto has been used and threatened in circumstances where the Security Council's inaction has come at catastrophic human cost.","start":1809.53,"end":1820.531,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1809.53,"end":1809.674},{"text":"veto","start":1809.754,"end":1810.219},{"text":"has","start":1810.235,"end":1810.38},{"text":"been","start":1810.492,"end":1810.62},{"text":"used","start":1810.796,"end":1811.262},{"text":"and","start":1811.598,"end":1811.678},{"text":"threatened","start":1811.759,"end":1812.384},{"text":"in","start":1812.657,"end":1812.705},{"text":"circumstances","start":1812.817,"end":1813.811},{"text":"where","start":1813.924,"end":1814.1},{"text":"the","start":1814.1,"end":1814.132},{"text":"Security","start":1814.18,"end":1814.709},{"text":"Council's","start":1814.806,"end":1815.447},{"text":"inaction","start":1815.848,"end":1816.618},{"text":"has","start":1816.906,"end":1817.115},{"text":"come","start":1817.307,"end":1817.516},{"text":"at","start":1818.093,"end":1818.173},{"text":"catastrophic","start":1818.35,"end":1819.312},{"text":"human","start":1819.52,"end":1819.921},{"text":"cost.","start":1820.033,"end":1820.531}]},{"text":"The people in conflict regions have watched the Council's primary responsibility for peace and security rendered inoperable by the exercise or the threat to exercise veto.","start":1820.996,"end":1834.217,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1820.996,"end":1821.108},{"text":"people","start":1821.22,"end":1821.573},{"text":"in","start":1821.621,"end":1821.685},{"text":"conflict","start":1821.797,"end":1822.359},{"text":"regions","start":1822.359,"end":1822.856},{"text":"have","start":1822.904,"end":1823.048},{"text":"watched","start":1823.144,"end":1823.481},{"text":"the","start":1823.481,"end":1823.561},{"text":"Council's","start":1823.626,"end":1824.363},{"text":"primary","start":1824.363,"end":1824.892},{"text":"responsibility","start":1825.005,"end":1826.015},{"text":"for","start":1826.448,"end":1826.608},{"text":"peace","start":1826.608,"end":1826.993},{"text":"and","start":1826.993,"end":1827.089},{"text":"security","start":1827.089,"end":1827.731},{"text":"rendered","start":1828.276,"end":1828.854},{"text":"inoperable","start":1828.935,"end":1829.834},{"text":"by","start":1830.043,"end":1830.171},{"text":"the","start":1830.219,"end":1830.332},{"text":"exercise","start":1830.444,"end":1831.151},{"text":"or","start":1831.729,"end":1831.777},{"text":"the","start":1831.809,"end":1831.905},{"text":"threat","start":1831.905,"end":1832.467},{"text":"to","start":1832.788,"end":1832.917},{"text":"exercise","start":1833.013,"end":1833.639},{"text":"veto.","start":1833.816,"end":1834.217}]},{"text":"This is not an abstract institutional concern.","start":1835.422,"end":1838.777,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1835.422,"end":1835.598},{"text":"is","start":1835.598,"end":1835.727},{"text":"not","start":1835.743,"end":1836.048},{"text":"an","start":1836.24,"end":1836.369},{"text":"abstract","start":1836.546,"end":1837.3},{"text":"institutional","start":1837.3,"end":1838.248},{"text":"concern.","start":1838.248,"end":1838.777}]},{"text":"It is a living reality for millions of people whose fate is bound in a mechanism designed not for their protection, but for the preservation and perpetuation of great power prerogatives.","start":1839.452,"end":1853.469,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1839.452,"end":1839.532},{"text":"is","start":1839.677,"end":1839.741},{"text":"a","start":1840.319,"end":1840.335},{"text":"living","start":1840.495,"end":1840.785},{"text":"reality","start":1840.897,"end":1841.507},{"text":"for","start":1841.844,"end":1841.957},{"text":"millions","start":1841.957,"end":1842.631},{"text":"of","start":1842.727,"end":1842.792},{"text":"people","start":1842.888,"end":1843.257},{"text":"whose","start":1843.707,"end":1843.916},{"text":"fate","start":1844.108,"end":1844.429},{"text":"is","start":1844.429,"end":1844.558},{"text":"bound","start":1844.67,"end":1845.152},{"text":"in","start":1845.152,"end":1845.248},{"text":"a","start":1845.248,"end":1845.264},{"text":"mechanism","start":1845.296,"end":1846.003},{"text":"designed","start":1846.099,"end":1846.725},{"text":"not","start":1847.063,"end":1847.255},{"text":"for","start":1847.384,"end":1847.496},{"text":"their","start":1847.496,"end":1847.625},{"text":"protection,","start":1847.641,"end":1848.331},{"text":"but","start":1848.829,"end":1848.941},{"text":"for","start":1849.07,"end":1849.198},{"text":"the","start":1849.246,"end":1849.439},{"text":"preservation","start":1849.471,"end":1850.226},{"text":"and","start":1850.226,"end":1850.37},{"text":"perpetuation","start":1850.37,"end":1851.398},{"text":"of","start":1851.799,"end":1851.944},{"text":"great","start":1851.976,"end":1852.361},{"text":"power","start":1852.442,"end":1852.795},{"text":"prerogatives.","start":1852.843,"end":1853.469}]},{"text":"The L69 notes with interest the ongoing discussions around restricting the use of the veto.","start":1854.143,"end":1860.627,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. 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Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"Co-chairs,","start":1881.969,"end":1882.513},{"text":"the","start":1882.93,"end":1882.994},{"text":"group—","start":1883.026,"end":1883.507},{"text":"this","start":1884.773,"end":1884.981},{"text":"group","start":1885.029,"end":1885.334},{"text":"was","start":1885.334,"end":1885.478},{"text":"founded","start":1885.59,"end":1886.055},{"text":"on","start":1886.215,"end":1886.263},{"text":"a","start":1886.311,"end":1886.391},{"text":"single","start":1886.391,"end":1887.064},{"text":"animating","start":1887.176,"end":1887.641},{"text":"conviction:","start":1887.753,"end":1888.266},{"text":"that","start":1888.779,"end":1888.875},{"text":"the","start":1888.875,"end":1888.971},{"text":"Security","start":1888.971,"end":1889.564},{"text":"Council","start":1889.66,"end":1890.301},{"text":"as","start":1890.461,"end":1890.606},{"text":"presently","start":1890.798,"end":1891.295},{"text":"constituted","start":1891.423,"end":1892.336},{"text":"does","start":1892.705,"end":1892.849},{"text":"not","start":1892.897,"end":1893.266},{"text":"reflect","start":1893.266,"end":1893.746},{"text":"the","start":1893.746,"end":1893.81},{"text":"world","start":1893.907,"end":1894.211},{"text":"as","start":1894.307,"end":1894.371},{"text":"it","start":1894.467,"end":1894.644},{"text":"is,","start":1894.708,"end":1894.852},{"text":"and","start":1895.429,"end":1895.605},{"text":"that","start":1895.605,"end":1896.022},{"text":"a","start":1896.15,"end":1896.166},{"text":"reformed","start":1896.246,"end":1896.903},{"text":"Council,","start":1896.903,"end":1897.56},{"text":"one","start":1897.913,"end":1898.041},{"text":"that","start":1898.089,"end":1898.313},{"text":"is","start":1898.313,"end":1898.377},{"text":"more","start":1898.473,"end":1898.57},{"text":"representative,","start":1898.57,"end":1899.467},{"text":"more","start":1899.515,"end":1899.691},{"text":"equitable,","start":1899.691,"end":1900.22},{"text":"more","start":1900.252,"end":1900.476},{"text":"effective,","start":1900.476,"end":1901.182},{"text":"is","start":1901.614,"end":1901.678},{"text":"both","start":1901.839,"end":1901.983},{"text":"possible","start":1902.159,"end":1902.752},{"text":"and","start":1902.96,"end":1903.265},{"text":"essential.","start":1903.521,"end":1904.146}]},{"text":"The question of the veto sits at the center of that conviction.","start":1904.659,"end":1909.198,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1904.659,"end":1904.883},{"text":"question","start":1904.883,"end":1905.332},{"text":"of","start":1905.38,"end":1905.508},{"text":"the","start":1905.54,"end":1905.62},{"text":"veto","start":1905.845,"end":1906.518},{"text":"sits","start":1906.47,"end":1906.758},{"text":"at","start":1906.823,"end":1906.983},{"text":"the","start":1906.983,"end":1907.063},{"text":"center","start":1907.063,"end":1907.769},{"text":"of","start":1908.187,"end":1908.331},{"text":"that","start":1908.331,"end":1908.508},{"text":"conviction.","start":1908.508,"end":1909.198}]},{"text":"We cannot have a genuinely reformed Council if the architecture of the permanent privilege remains unchanged.","start":1909.792,"end":1918.554,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1909.792,"end":1909.936},{"text":"cannot","start":1910.032,"end":1910.514},{"text":"have","start":1910.514,"end":1910.899},{"text":"a","start":1910.899,"end":1911.075},{"text":"genuinely","start":1911.075,"end":1911.846},{"text":"reformed","start":1911.862,"end":1912.44},{"text":"Council","start":1912.44,"end":1913.114},{"text":"if","start":1913.563,"end":1913.643},{"text":"the","start":1913.707,"end":1913.916},{"text":"architecture","start":1914.028,"end":1914.911},{"text":"of","start":1914.991,"end":1915.039},{"text":"the","start":1915.104,"end":1915.232},{"text":"permanent","start":1915.328,"end":1915.906},{"text":"privilege","start":1915.97,"end":1916.42},{"text":"remains","start":1916.837,"end":1917.463},{"text":"unchanged.","start":1917.639,"end":1918.554}]},{"text":"Let us not be swayed by arguments of equality of states and deny expansion in the permanent category.","start":1919.164,"end":1926.049,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."},{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. 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Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":1926.643,"end":1926.691},{"text":"that","start":1926.803,"end":1927.092},{"text":"path","start":1927.124,"end":1927.413},{"text":"lies","start":1927.75,"end":1927.975},{"text":"further","start":1928.151,"end":1928.536},{"text":"empowerment","start":1928.568,"end":1929.467},{"text":"of","start":1929.756,"end":1929.82},{"text":"the","start":1929.852,"end":1929.933},{"text":"P5","start":1929.997,"end":1930.623},{"text":"and","start":1931.04,"end":1931.216},{"text":"further","start":1931.281,"end":1931.634},{"text":"inequality","start":1931.923,"end":1932.581},{"text":"in","start":1932.581,"end":1932.709},{"text":"in","start":1932.87,"end":1932.966},{"text":"the","start":1932.966,"end":1933.046},{"text":"Security","start":1933.046,"end":1933.592},{"text":"Council.","start":1933.608,"end":1934.187}]},{"text":"We look forward to a substantive and honest engagement in this section— in this session.","start":1934.829,"end":1939.696,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1934.829,"end":1934.909},{"text":"look","start":1934.909,"end":1935.07},{"text":"forward","start":1935.07,"end":1935.488},{"text":"to","start":1935.536,"end":1935.632},{"text":"a","start":1935.632,"end":1935.712},{"text":"substantive","start":1935.712,"end":1936.516},{"text":"and","start":1936.516,"end":1936.628},{"text":"honest","start":1936.74,"end":1937.078},{"text":"engagement","start":1937.078,"end":1937.736},{"text":"in","start":1937.736,"end":1937.849},{"text":"this","start":1937.881,"end":1938.041},{"text":"section—","start":1938.041,"end":1938.411},{"text":"in","start":1938.989,"end":1939.037},{"text":"this","start":1939.085,"end":1939.262},{"text":"session.","start":1939.262,"end":1939.696}]},{"text":"The L69 Group remains committed to text-based negotiation as the only pathway to outcomes that are durable and credible.","start":1940.515,"end":1950.457,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1940.515,"end":1940.676},{"text":"L69","start":1940.692,"end":1941.463},{"text":"Group","start":1941.495,"end":1941.912},{"text":"remains","start":1942.201,"end":1942.667},{"text":"committed","start":1942.78,"end":1943.342},{"text":"to","start":1943.647,"end":1943.792},{"text":"text-based","start":1943.808,"end":1944.402},{"text":"negotiation","start":1944.466,"end":1945.221},{"text":"as","start":1945.751,"end":1945.799},{"text":"the","start":1945.896,"end":1946.056},{"text":"only","start":1946.137,"end":1946.442},{"text":"pathway","start":1946.554,"end":1947.116},{"text":"to","start":1947.662,"end":1947.807},{"text":"outcomes","start":1947.903,"end":1948.417},{"text":"that","start":1948.482,"end":1948.722},{"text":"are","start":1948.722,"end":1948.803},{"text":"durable","start":1948.883,"end":1949.558},{"text":"and","start":1949.831,"end":1949.975},{"text":"credible.","start":1950.007,"end":1950.457}]},{"text":"We call on Member States to approach this question with the seriousness the moment demands and with an openness to positions that may challenge the comfortable assumption of the status 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They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2084.356,"end":2084.388},{"text":"Nordic","start":2084.388,"end":2084.692},{"text":"countries","start":2084.692,"end":2085.157},{"text":"maintain","start":2085.253,"end":2085.782},{"text":"that","start":2085.878,"end":2086.038},{"text":"the","start":2086.038,"end":2086.134},{"text":"reform","start":2086.198,"end":2086.695},{"text":"of","start":2086.695,"end":2086.855},{"text":"the","start":2086.855,"end":2086.935},{"text":"Security","start":2086.935,"end":2087.48},{"text":"Council","start":2087.496,"end":2088.041},{"text":"should","start":2088.394,"end":2088.618},{"text":"result","start":2088.618,"end":2089.083},{"text":"in","start":2089.083,"end":2089.243},{"text":"less","start":2089.243,"end":2089.515},{"text":"veto,","start":2089.515,"end":2089.98},{"text":"not","start":2089.996,"end":2090.236},{"text":"more.","start":2090.301,"end":2090.685}]},{"text":"Following this objective, the Nordic countries have consistently supported initiatives aimed at limiting the use of veto, and we continue to support furthering our considerations on how to limit the scope of the veto.","start":2091.405,"end":2104.326,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. 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Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Now,","start":2104.407,"end":2104.583},{"text":"to","start":2105.994,"end":2106.074},{"text":"ensure","start":2106.154,"end":2106.443},{"text":"that","start":2106.491,"end":2106.651},{"text":"the","start":2106.651,"end":2106.731},{"text":"veto","start":2106.731,"end":2107.068},{"text":"does","start":2107.196,"end":2107.34},{"text":"not","start":2107.436,"end":2107.613},{"text":"hinder","start":2107.613,"end":2107.933},{"text":"the","start":2107.933,"end":2108.078},{"text":"Council","start":2108.078,"end":2108.543},{"text":"from","start":2108.559,"end":2108.799},{"text":"taking","start":2108.799,"end":2109.184},{"text":"action","start":2109.2,"end":2109.536},{"text":"in","start":2109.536,"end":2109.585},{"text":"the","start":2109.617,"end":2109.713},{"text":"face","start":2109.761,"end":2109.985},{"text":"of","start":2110.098,"end":2110.242},{"text":"atrocities,","start":2110.242,"end":2111.027},{"text":"we","start":2111.46,"end":2111.604},{"text":"have","start":2111.604,"end":2111.781},{"text":"signed","start":2111.781,"end":2112.166},{"text":"the","start":2112.166,"end":2112.31},{"text":"ACT","start":2112.326,"end":2112.582},{"text":"Code","start":2112.582,"end":2112.839},{"text":"of","start":2112.839,"end":2112.919},{"text":"Conduct","start":2112.983,"end":2113.672},{"text":"and","start":2114.009,"end":2114.089},{"text":"support","start":2114.105,"end":2114.586},{"text":"the","start":2114.586,"end":2114.666},{"text":"French-Mexican","start":2114.907,"end":2115.789},{"text":"Declaration","start":2115.789,"end":2116.478},{"text":"on","start":2116.992,"end":2117.072},{"text":"suspension","start":2117.072,"end":2117.795},{"text":"of","start":2117.795,"end":2117.875},{"text":"veto","start":2117.875,"end":2118.277},{"text":"powers","start":2118.277,"end":2118.726},{"text":"in","start":2118.823,"end":2118.871},{"text":"cases","start":2118.919,"end":2119.369},{"text":"of","start":2119.465,"end":2119.609},{"text":"mass","start":2119.625,"end":2119.979},{"text":"atrocities.","start":2120.043,"end":2120.733}]},{"text":"We continue to urge all member states, particularly permanent members, to join us.","start":2121.649,"end":2126.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2121.649,"end":2121.809},{"text":"continue","start":2121.809,"end":2122.339},{"text":"to","start":2122.451,"end":2122.564},{"text":"urge","start":2122.692,"end":2122.901},{"text":"all","start":2123.078,"end":2123.19},{"text":"member","start":2123.19,"end":2123.575},{"text":"states,","start":2123.575,"end":2123.993},{"text":"particularly","start":2124.137,"end":2124.828},{"text":"permanent","start":2124.86,"end":2125.358},{"text":"members,","start":2125.406,"end":2125.791},{"text":"to","start":2125.823,"end":2125.984},{"text":"join","start":2125.984,"end":2126.369},{"text":"us.","start":2126.369,"end":2126.53}]},{"text":"The Nordic countries also advocate for transparency and accountability when the veto is used.","start":2127.75,"end":2133.145,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2127.75,"end":2127.846},{"text":"Nordic","start":2127.846,"end":2128.152},{"text":"countries","start":2128.152,"end":2128.649},{"text":"also","start":2128.778,"end":2129.099},{"text":"advocate","start":2129.115,"end":2129.645},{"text":"for","start":2129.661,"end":2129.837},{"text":"transparency","start":2129.837,"end":2130.608},{"text":"and","start":2130.64,"end":2130.753},{"text":"accountability","start":2130.785,"end":2131.748},{"text":"when","start":2131.764,"end":2131.893},{"text":"the","start":2132.005,"end":2132.069},{"text":"veto","start":2132.069,"end":2132.455},{"text":"is","start":2132.471,"end":2132.615},{"text":"used.","start":2132.712,"end":2133.145}]},{"text":"We strongly support the veto initiative, which allows the broader UN membership to have a dialogue on the issues covered in the vetoed resolution.","start":2133.691,"end":2142.073,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."},{"key":"general-assembly-role","label":"Stronger General Assembly Role","description":"Several delegations urged a more active role for the General Assembly when the Security Council is blocked by a veto. They highlighted Assembly debates, emergency sessions, and follow-up action as ways to preserve accountability and sustain multilateral response."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2133.691,"end":2133.852},{"text":"strongly","start":2133.852,"end":2134.269},{"text":"support","start":2134.269,"end":2134.815},{"text":"the","start":2134.815,"end":2134.847},{"text":"veto","start":2134.895,"end":2135.281},{"text":"initiative,","start":2135.297,"end":2135.827},{"text":"which","start":2135.923,"end":2136.067},{"text":"allows","start":2136.18,"end":2136.549},{"text":"the","start":2136.645,"end":2136.742},{"text":"broader","start":2136.742,"end":2137.111},{"text":"UN","start":2137.127,"end":2137.384},{"text":"membership","start":2137.384,"end":2137.946},{"text":"to","start":2138.347,"end":2138.476},{"text":"have","start":2138.492,"end":2138.669},{"text":"a","start":2138.669,"end":2138.749},{"text":"dialogue","start":2138.749,"end":2139.375},{"text":"on","start":2139.391,"end":2139.439},{"text":"the","start":2139.536,"end":2139.616},{"text":"issues","start":2139.696,"end":2140.001},{"text":"covered","start":2140.114,"end":2140.611},{"text":"in","start":2140.66,"end":2140.708},{"text":"the","start":2140.756,"end":2140.836},{"text":"vetoed","start":2140.836,"end":2141.398},{"text":"resolution.","start":2141.398,"end":2142.073}]},{"text":"In the Pact for the Future, we unanimously agreed to enhance ways in which the GA can contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security, in particular by taking action in accordance with the Charter of the UN.","start":2143.308,"end":2156.934,"topics":[{"key":"general-assembly-role","label":"Stronger General Assembly Role","description":"Several delegations urged a more active role for the General Assembly when the Security Council is blocked by a veto. They highlighted Assembly debates, emergency sessions, and follow-up action as ways to preserve accountability and sustain multilateral response."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2143.308,"end":2143.373},{"text":"the","start":2143.389,"end":2143.437},{"text":"Pact","start":2143.485,"end":2143.79},{"text":"for","start":2143.79,"end":2143.918},{"text":"the","start":2143.95,"end":2144.015},{"text":"Future,","start":2144.047,"end":2144.528},{"text":"we","start":2144.673,"end":2144.737},{"text":"unanimously","start":2144.737,"end":2145.7},{"text":"agreed","start":2145.796,"end":2146.213},{"text":"to","start":2146.277,"end":2146.358},{"text":"enhance","start":2146.438,"end":2146.807},{"text":"ways","start":2146.935,"end":2147.224},{"text":"in","start":2147.337,"end":2147.433},{"text":"which","start":2147.497,"end":2147.626},{"text":"the","start":2147.722,"end":2147.818},{"text":"GA","start":2147.898,"end":2148.155},{"text":"can","start":2148.46,"end":2148.572},{"text":"contribute","start":2148.685,"end":2149.423},{"text":"to","start":2149.904,"end":2150.033},{"text":"the","start":2150.049,"end":2150.145},{"text":"maintenance","start":2150.145,"end":2150.851},{"text":"of","start":2150.851,"end":2150.948},{"text":"international","start":2150.948,"end":2151.509},{"text":"peace","start":2151.509,"end":2151.83},{"text":"and","start":2151.83,"end":2151.911},{"text":"security,","start":2151.911,"end":2152.601},{"text":"in","start":2153.178,"end":2153.243},{"text":"particular","start":2153.275,"end":2153.836},{"text":"by","start":2153.836,"end":2154.061},{"text":"taking","start":2154.061,"end":2154.414},{"text":"action","start":2154.543,"end":2154.847},{"text":"in","start":2154.96,"end":2155.104},{"text":"accordance","start":2155.104,"end":2155.682},{"text":"with","start":2155.682,"end":2155.826},{"text":"the","start":2155.826,"end":2155.875},{"text":"Charter","start":2155.923,"end":2156.388},{"text":"of","start":2156.388,"end":2156.452},{"text":"the","start":2156.484,"end":2156.549},{"text":"UN.","start":2156.629,"end":2156.934}]},{"text":"The Nordic countries are supportive of strengthening the role of the Assembly and remain committed to explore new ways of doing so, especially in situations where the Council is unable to act.","start":2157.993,"end":2170.095,"topics":[{"key":"general-assembly-role","label":"Stronger General Assembly Role","description":"Several delegations urged a more active role for the General Assembly when the Security Council is blocked by a veto. They highlighted Assembly debates, emergency sessions, and follow-up action as ways to preserve accountability and sustain multilateral response."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2157.993,"end":2158.073},{"text":"Nordic","start":2158.073,"end":2158.394},{"text":"countries","start":2158.394,"end":2158.86},{"text":"are","start":2159.277,"end":2159.309},{"text":"supportive","start":2159.309,"end":2160.16},{"text":"of","start":2160.16,"end":2160.272},{"text":"strengthening","start":2160.272,"end":2160.866},{"text":"the","start":2160.962,"end":2160.994},{"text":"role","start":2160.994,"end":2161.299},{"text":"of","start":2161.299,"end":2161.427},{"text":"the","start":2161.459,"end":2161.54},{"text":"Assembly","start":2161.54,"end":2162.069},{"text":"and","start":2162.647,"end":2162.711},{"text":"remain","start":2162.743,"end":2163.08},{"text":"committed","start":2163.145,"end":2163.77},{"text":"to","start":2163.77,"end":2163.931},{"text":"explore","start":2163.931,"end":2164.38},{"text":"new","start":2164.749,"end":2164.846},{"text":"ways","start":2164.99,"end":2165.199},{"text":"of","start":2165.327,"end":2165.44},{"text":"doing","start":2165.472,"end":2165.761},{"text":"so,","start":2165.809,"end":2166.001},{"text":"especially","start":2166.579,"end":2167.125},{"text":"in","start":2167.141,"end":2167.173},{"text":"situations","start":2167.173,"end":2167.975},{"text":"where","start":2168.039,"end":2168.2},{"text":"the","start":2168.2,"end":2168.28},{"text":"Council","start":2168.28,"end":2169.05},{"text":"is","start":2168.746,"end":2168.778},{"text":"unable","start":2168.987,"end":2169.452},{"text":"to","start":2169.468,"end":2169.613},{"text":"act.","start":2169.709,"end":2170.095}]},{"text":"The Nordic countries continue to call for full implementation and adherence to all provisions of the Charter, including ensuring the consistent application of Article 27.","start":2171.573,"end":2183.218,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2171.573,"end":2171.669},{"text":"Nordic","start":2171.669,"end":2171.958},{"text":"countries","start":2171.958,"end":2172.424},{"text":"continue","start":2172.536,"end":2173.066},{"text":"to","start":2173.099,"end":2173.259},{"text":"call","start":2173.259,"end":2173.645},{"text":"for","start":2173.645,"end":2173.966},{"text":"full","start":2173.966,"end":2174.255},{"text":"implementation","start":2174.368,"end":2175.219},{"text":"and","start":2175.251,"end":2175.363},{"text":"adherence","start":2175.428,"end":2176.022},{"text":"to","start":2176.15,"end":2176.279},{"text":"all","start":2176.375,"end":2176.536},{"text":"provisions","start":2176.552,"end":2177.082},{"text":"of","start":2177.13,"end":2177.259},{"text":"the","start":2177.275,"end":2177.307},{"text":"Charter,","start":2177.355,"end":2177.837},{"text":"including","start":2178.48,"end":2178.929},{"text":"ensuring","start":2179.042,"end":2179.652},{"text":"the","start":2179.845,"end":2179.957},{"text":"consistent","start":2179.989,"end":2180.712},{"text":"application","start":2180.712,"end":2181.339},{"text":"of","start":2181.435,"end":2181.612},{"text":"Article","start":2181.676,"end":2181.981},{"text":"27.","start":2182.094,"end":2183.218}]},{"text":"It is imperative that the members of the Security Council themselves abide by the UN Charter, including their obligation to abstain from voting on decisions falling within Article 27 and in which they are party to the dispute.","start":2184.342,"end":2199.983,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2184.342,"end":2184.487},{"text":"is","start":2184.487,"end":2184.551},{"text":"imperative","start":2184.744,"end":2185.387},{"text":"that","start":2185.387,"end":2185.563},{"text":"the","start":2185.563,"end":2185.644},{"text":"members","start":2185.644,"end":2186.077},{"text":"of","start":2186.125,"end":2186.206},{"text":"the","start":2186.254,"end":2186.334},{"text":"Security","start":2186.334,"end":2186.88},{"text":"Council","start":2186.977,"end":2187.346},{"text":"themselves","start":2187.394,"end":2188.085},{"text":"abide","start":2188.615,"end":2189.129},{"text":"by","start":2189.161,"end":2189.322},{"text":"the","start":2189.322,"end":2189.483},{"text":"UN","start":2189.483,"end":2189.788},{"text":"Charter,","start":2189.788,"end":2190.286},{"text":"including","start":2190.912,"end":2191.282},{"text":"their","start":2191.33,"end":2191.426},{"text":"obligation","start":2191.426,"end":2192.133},{"text":"to","start":2192.133,"end":2192.277},{"text":"abstain","start":2192.277,"end":2192.727},{"text":"from","start":2192.84,"end":2192.952},{"text":"voting","start":2193.016,"end":2193.466},{"text":"on","start":2193.578,"end":2193.627},{"text":"decisions","start":2193.659,"end":2194.269},{"text":"falling","start":2194.35,"end":2194.59},{"text":"within","start":2194.687,"end":2194.911},{"text":"Article","start":2195.088,"end":2195.489},{"text":"27","start":2195.489,"end":2196.548},{"text":"and","start":2197.575,"end":2197.88},{"text":"in","start":2197.912,"end":2198.041},{"text":"which","start":2198.057,"end":2198.201},{"text":"they","start":2198.314,"end":2198.426},{"text":"are","start":2198.538,"end":2198.635},{"text":"party","start":2198.635,"end":2199.116},{"text":"to","start":2199.18,"end":2199.325},{"text":"the","start":2199.341,"end":2199.437},{"text":"dispute.","start":2199.437,"end":2199.983}]},{"text":"In this spirit, we welcome initiatives that bring attention to this obligation.","start":2201.042,"end":2205.343,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2201.042,"end":2201.09},{"text":"this","start":2201.122,"end":2201.315},{"text":"spirit,","start":2201.315,"end":2201.732},{"text":"we","start":2201.748,"end":2201.844},{"text":"welcome","start":2201.925,"end":2202.39},{"text":"initiatives","start":2202.47,"end":2203.096},{"text":"that","start":2203.128,"end":2203.369},{"text":"bring","start":2203.369,"end":2203.578},{"text":"attention","start":2203.674,"end":2204.139},{"text":"to","start":2204.252,"end":2204.428},{"text":"this","start":2204.428,"end":2204.653},{"text":"obligation.","start":2204.733,"end":2205.343}]},{"text":"Co-chairs, it is important to consider the ways the veto has been used in the past and continue the efforts to limit its use now.","start":2206.804,"end":2215.101,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. 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Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":2242.591,"end":2242.799},{"text":"we","start":2242.815,"end":2242.911},{"text":"hear","start":2242.976,"end":2243.184},{"text":"that","start":2243.232,"end":2243.457},{"text":"aspiration—","start":2243.537,"end":2244.323},{"text":"the","start":2244.339,"end":2244.419},{"text":"aspirations","start":2244.499,"end":2245.124},{"text":"of","start":2245.221,"end":2245.269},{"text":"some","start":2245.333,"end":2245.589},{"text":"to","start":2245.718,"end":2245.83},{"text":"exercise","start":2245.942,"end":2246.407},{"text":"equal","start":2246.664,"end":2247.001},{"text":"rights","start":2247.001,"end":2247.69},{"text":"as","start":2247.482,"end":2247.61},{"text":"the","start":2247.963,"end":2248.043},{"text":"current","start":2248.043,"end":2248.461},{"text":"member—","start":2248.461,"end":2248.83},{"text":"as","start":2248.91,"end":2248.974},{"text":"the","start":2249.167,"end":2249.247},{"text":"current","start":2249.311,"end":2249.648},{"text":"permanent","start":2249.648,"end":2250.13},{"text":"members.","start":2250.13,"end":2250.579}]},{"text":"We are concerned that this would result in further paralysis of the Council, and we stress the need to rethink veto as it currently stands.","start":2251.173,"end":2261.413,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. 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had heard over the years of the IGN process many ideas in this regard, and we are ready to discuss more in detail the practicalities involved in these 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by now we know where we all stand and we all know what the positions are.","start":2274.589,"end":2280.22,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":2274.589,"end":2275.135},{"text":"by","start":2275.728,"end":2275.841},{"text":"now","start":2275.889,"end":2276.065},{"text":"we","start":2276.194,"end":2276.29},{"text":"know","start":2276.29,"end":2276.498},{"text":"where","start":2276.595,"end":2276.755},{"text":"we","start":2276.755,"end":2276.851},{"text":"all","start":2276.996,"end":2277.156},{"text":"stand","start":2277.156,"end":2277.702},{"text":"and","start":2277.958,"end":2278.022},{"text":"we","start":2278.054,"end":2278.199},{"text":"all","start":2278.295,"end":2278.456},{"text":"know","start":2278.456,"end":2278.76},{"text":"what","start":2278.776,"end":2278.937},{"text":"the","start":2278.937,"end":2279.017},{"text":"positions","start":2279.017,"end":2279.707},{"text":"are.","start":2279.964,"end":2280.22}]},{"text":"Continuing like this will not lead to a 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the reform will not take place at all.","start":2292.974,"end":2295.797,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Otherwise,","start":2292.974,"end":2293.423},{"text":"the","start":2293.455,"end":2293.599},{"text":"reform","start":2293.599,"end":2294.209},{"text":"will","start":2294.321,"end":2294.418},{"text":"not","start":2294.418,"end":2294.61},{"text":"take","start":2294.722,"end":2294.979},{"text":"place","start":2294.979,"end":2295.188},{"text":"at","start":2295.364,"end":2295.557},{"text":"all.","start":2295.621,"end":2295.797}]},{"text":"The Nordic countries emphasize that permanent membership in the Security Council is a responsibility, not a prerogative.","start":2296.888,"end":2304.464,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. 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Guyana.","start":2334.325,"end":2336.68,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"to","start":2334.325,"end":2334.422},{"text":"the","start":2334.422,"end":2334.567},{"text":"distinguished","start":2334.567,"end":2335.212},{"text":"representative","start":2335.212,"end":2336.035},{"text":"of","start":2336.035,"end":2336.164},{"text":"Guyana.","start":2336.196,"end":2336.68}]},{"text":"Thank you, distinguished co-chairs.","start":2337.99,"end":2340.339,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2337.99,"end":2338.184},{"text":"you,","start":2338.184,"end":2338.411},{"text":"distinguished","start":2338.994,"end":2339.788},{"text":"co-chairs.","start":2339.788,"end":2340.339}]},{"text":"I have the honor to deliver this statement on 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CARICOM.","start":2343.855,"end":2347.481,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"of","start":2343.855,"end":2343.952},{"text":"the","start":2344,"end":2344.098},{"text":"14","start":2344.098,"end":2344.648},{"text":"member","start":2344.648,"end":2344.924},{"text":"states","start":2344.924,"end":2345.41},{"text":"of","start":2345.41,"end":2345.523},{"text":"the","start":2345.556,"end":2345.702},{"text":"Caribbean","start":2345.702,"end":2346.074},{"text":"Community,","start":2346.123,"end":2346.656},{"text":"CARICOM.","start":2346.996,"end":2347.481}]},{"text":"CARICOM reiterates our sincere gratitude to you for for the manner in which you have conducted the work of the IGN, including these structured dialogues that allow us to place on record our views on this critically important issue, as well as the informal discussions that provide space for frank, open exchanges that are often key to driving progress.","start":2348.387,"end":2372.74,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"CARICOM","start":2348.387,"end":2348.84},{"text":"reiterates","start":2348.953,"end":2349.746},{"text":"our","start":2349.746,"end":2349.859},{"text":"sincere","start":2349.859,"end":2350.393},{"text":"gratitude","start":2350.409,"end":2351.023},{"text":"to","start":2351.056,"end":2351.201},{"text":"you","start":2351.201,"end":2351.315},{"text":"for","start":2351.46,"end":2351.654},{"text":"for","start":2351.61,"end":2351.786},{"text":"the","start":2351.786,"end":2351.85},{"text":"manner","start":2351.85,"end":2352.107},{"text":"in","start":2352.188,"end":2352.252},{"text":"which","start":2352.348,"end":2352.493},{"text":"you","start":2352.589,"end":2352.669},{"text":"have","start":2352.669,"end":2352.846},{"text":"conducted","start":2352.846,"end":2353.44},{"text":"the","start":2353.488,"end":2353.617},{"text":"work","start":2353.649,"end":2353.906},{"text":"of","start":2354.034,"end":2354.13},{"text":"the","start":2354.13,"end":2354.355},{"text":"IGN,","start":2354.371,"end":2354.821},{"text":"including","start":2355.495,"end":2356.089},{"text":"these","start":2356.282,"end":2356.426},{"text":"structured","start":2356.459,"end":2357.069},{"text":"dialogues","start":2357.101,"end":2357.711},{"text":"that","start":2357.823,"end":2358},{"text":"allow","start":2358.064,"end":2358.241},{"text":"us","start":2358.385,"end":2358.658},{"text":"to","start":2358.69,"end":2358.739},{"text":"place","start":2358.787,"end":2359.188},{"text":"on","start":2359.188,"end":2359.236},{"text":"record","start":2359.349,"end":2359.879},{"text":"our","start":2360.376,"end":2360.617},{"text":"views","start":2360.617,"end":2360.922},{"text":"on","start":2361.5,"end":2361.565},{"text":"this","start":2361.597,"end":2361.789},{"text":"critically","start":2361.918,"end":2362.448},{"text":"important","start":2362.624,"end":2363.251},{"text":"issue,","start":2363.363,"end":2363.668},{"text":"as","start":2364.391,"end":2364.455},{"text":"well","start":2364.551,"end":2364.68},{"text":"as","start":2364.744,"end":2364.856},{"text":"the","start":2364.953,"end":2365.033},{"text":"informal","start":2365.113,"end":2365.691},{"text":"discussions","start":2365.691,"end":2366.462},{"text":"that","start":2366.574,"end":2366.751},{"text":"provide","start":2366.799,"end":2367.233},{"text":"space","start":2367.233,"end":2367.73},{"text":"for","start":2367.859,"end":2367.971},{"text":"frank,","start":2368.003,"end":2368.501},{"text":"open","start":2368.662,"end":2368.919},{"text":"exchanges","start":2369.047,"end":2369.914},{"text":"that","start":2370.332,"end":2370.444},{"text":"are","start":2370.508,"end":2370.701},{"text":"often","start":2370.813,"end":2371.118},{"text":"key","start":2371.231,"end":2371.391},{"text":"to","start":2371.568,"end":2371.712},{"text":"driving","start":2371.712,"end":2372.082},{"text":"progress.","start":2372.194,"end":2372.74}]},{"text":"We have taken note of the co-chairs' 7th April letter, providing guidance for today's discussion.","start":2373.639,"end":2379.629,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2373.639,"end":2373.719},{"text":"have","start":2373.719,"end":2373.832},{"text":"taken","start":2373.88,"end":2374.281},{"text":"note","start":2374.281,"end":2374.619},{"text":"of","start":2374.619,"end":2374.731},{"text":"the","start":2374.747,"end":2374.843},{"text":"co-chairs'","start":2374.843,"end":2375.373},{"text":"7th","start":2375.405,"end":2375.823},{"text":"April","start":2375.967,"end":2376.433},{"text":"letter,","start":2376.433,"end":2376.818},{"text":"providing","start":2377.172,"end":2377.621},{"text":"guidance","start":2377.734,"end":2378.28},{"text":"for","start":2378.296,"end":2378.409},{"text":"today's","start":2378.521,"end":2378.906},{"text":"discussion.","start":2379.083,"end":2379.629}]},{"text":"That is, our focus on the question of the veto.","start":2380.384,"end":2383.581,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":2380.384,"end":2380.641},{"text":"is,","start":2380.706,"end":2380.834},{"text":"our","start":2381.412,"end":2381.589},{"text":"focus","start":2381.589,"end":2382.087},{"text":"on","start":2382.151,"end":2382.199},{"text":"the","start":2382.296,"end":2382.392},{"text":"question","start":2382.392,"end":2382.826},{"text":"of","start":2382.874,"end":2383.003},{"text":"the","start":2383.019,"end":2383.115},{"text":"veto.","start":2383.115,"end":2383.581}]},{"text":"We have also noted the circulation of the African model and look forward to a fruitful discussion of its elements in the coming week.","start":2384.159,"end":2392.335,"topics":[{"key":"african-representation","label":"African Permanent Representation","description":"African states and their supporters emphasized that Africa remains excluded from permanent membership and veto power despite being central to much of the Council's agenda. They framed this as a historical injustice and called for permanent African seats with full prerogatives if the veto remains."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2384.159,"end":2384.304},{"text":"have","start":2384.304,"end":2384.464},{"text":"also","start":2384.464,"end":2384.818},{"text":"noted","start":2384.818,"end":2385.252},{"text":"the","start":2385.3,"end":2385.38},{"text":"circulation","start":2385.38,"end":2386.135},{"text":"of","start":2386.231,"end":2386.328},{"text":"the","start":2386.328,"end":2386.456},{"text":"African","start":2386.553,"end":2387.018},{"text":"model","start":2387.035,"end":2387.34},{"text":"and","start":2387.613,"end":2387.773},{"text":"look","start":2387.773,"end":2387.95},{"text":"forward","start":2388.014,"end":2388.464},{"text":"to","start":2388.577,"end":2388.673},{"text":"a","start":2388.721,"end":2388.737},{"text":"fruitful","start":2388.818,"end":2389.235},{"text":"discussion","start":2389.364,"end":2389.894},{"text":"of","start":2390.504,"end":2390.601},{"text":"its","start":2390.649,"end":2390.89},{"text":"elements","start":2390.89,"end":2391.468},{"text":"in","start":2391.468,"end":2391.516},{"text":"the","start":2391.548,"end":2391.709},{"text":"coming","start":2391.709,"end":2391.998},{"text":"week.","start":2392.03,"end":2392.335}]},{"text":"Co-chairs, colleagues, turning to the topic of today's discussion, allow me to share the following.","start":2393.155,"end":2399.709,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Co-chairs,","start":2393.155,"end":2393.765},{"text":"colleagues,","start":2393.958,"end":2394.488},{"text":"turning","start":2395.066,"end":2395.307},{"text":"to","start":2395.404,"end":2395.5},{"text":"the","start":2395.5,"end":2395.628},{"text":"topic","start":2395.628,"end":2396.03},{"text":"of","start":2396.11,"end":2396.271},{"text":"today's","start":2396.271,"end":2396.576},{"text":"discussion,","start":2396.689,"end":2397.219},{"text":"allow","start":2397.958,"end":2398.054},{"text":"me","start":2398.199,"end":2398.375},{"text":"to","start":2398.616,"end":2398.697},{"text":"share","start":2398.697,"end":2399.05},{"text":"the","start":2399.082,"end":2399.162},{"text":"following.","start":2399.178,"end":2399.709}]},{"text":"First, I'm certain that I will face no pushback in asserting that there is broad consensus in the IGN that reform of the Security Council is both long overdue and increasingly urgent.","start":2400.608,"end":2414.354,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":2400.608,"end":2401.106},{"text":"I'm","start":2401.363,"end":2401.476},{"text":"certain","start":2401.588,"end":2402.118},{"text":"that","start":2402.391,"end":2402.568},{"text":"I","start":2402.616,"end":2402.68},{"text":"will","start":2402.712,"end":2402.825},{"text":"face","start":2402.873,"end":2403.226},{"text":"no","start":2403.291,"end":2403.435},{"text":"pushback","start":2403.516,"end":2404.222},{"text":"in","start":2404.222,"end":2404.335},{"text":"asserting","start":2404.335,"end":2404.849},{"text":"that","start":2405.266,"end":2405.379},{"text":"there","start":2405.443,"end":2405.555},{"text":"is","start":2405.604,"end":2405.652},{"text":"broad","start":2405.764,"end":2406.069},{"text":"consensus","start":2406.166,"end":2406.888},{"text":"in","start":2406.888,"end":2406.936},{"text":"the","start":2407.033,"end":2407.177},{"text":"IGN","start":2407.193,"end":2407.659},{"text":"that","start":2408.253,"end":2408.43},{"text":"reform","start":2408.478,"end":2408.847},{"text":"of","start":2408.895,"end":2408.992},{"text":"the","start":2408.992,"end":2409.072},{"text":"Security","start":2409.072,"end":2409.666},{"text":"Council","start":2409.682,"end":2410.212},{"text":"is","start":2410.501,"end":2410.629},{"text":"both","start":2410.661,"end":2410.95},{"text":"long","start":2411.368,"end":2411.593},{"text":"overdue","start":2411.769,"end":2412.155},{"text":"and","start":2412.652,"end":2412.733},{"text":"increasingly","start":2412.829,"end":2413.6},{"text":"urgent.","start":2413.857,"end":2414.354}]},{"text":"Additionally, that broad consensus extends to the view that a key source of the Council's inability to effectively respond to the challenges to peace and security lies in the use— more so, the overuse— of the veto.","start":2414.997,"end":2430.459,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Additionally,","start":2414.997,"end":2415.607},{"text":"that","start":2415.944,"end":2416.265},{"text":"broad","start":2416.281,"end":2416.522},{"text":"consensus","start":2416.522,"end":2417.293},{"text":"extends","start":2417.951,"end":2418.417},{"text":"to","start":2418.513,"end":2418.561},{"text":"the","start":2418.609,"end":2418.69},{"text":"view","start":2418.69,"end":2418.882},{"text":"that","start":2419.316,"end":2419.509},{"text":"a","start":2419.509,"end":2419.525},{"text":"key","start":2419.573,"end":2419.83},{"text":"source","start":2419.83,"end":2420.247},{"text":"of","start":2420.44,"end":2420.504},{"text":"the","start":2420.536,"end":2420.617},{"text":"Council's","start":2420.681,"end":2421.355},{"text":"inability","start":2421.564,"end":2422.158},{"text":"to","start":2422.463,"end":2422.591},{"text":"effectively","start":2422.688,"end":2423.394},{"text":"respond","start":2423.41,"end":2423.908},{"text":"to","start":2423.908,"end":2424.069},{"text":"the","start":2424.069,"end":2424.149},{"text":"challenges","start":2424.149,"end":2424.759},{"text":"to","start":2424.872,"end":2425},{"text":"peace","start":2425.032,"end":2425.305},{"text":"and","start":2425.337,"end":2425.417},{"text":"security","start":2425.434,"end":2426.124},{"text":"lies","start":2426.718,"end":2427.007},{"text":"in","start":2427.039,"end":2427.087},{"text":"the","start":2427.184,"end":2427.248},{"text":"use—","start":2427.344,"end":2427.617},{"text":"more","start":2428.147,"end":2428.276},{"text":"so,","start":2428.324,"end":2428.5},{"text":"the","start":2428.886,"end":2429.078},{"text":"overuse—","start":2429.191,"end":2429.576},{"text":"of","start":2429.994,"end":2430.09},{"text":"the","start":2430.09,"end":2430.234},{"text":"veto.","start":2430.234,"end":2430.459}]},{"text":"Second, I take this opportunity to reiterate, as we did during the presentation of our regional model, CARICOM's position on the veto.","start":2431.374,"end":2441.169,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":2431.374,"end":2431.985},{"text":"I","start":2432.258,"end":2432.306},{"text":"take","start":2432.402,"end":2432.643},{"text":"this","start":2432.659,"end":2432.771},{"text":"opportunity","start":2432.964,"end":2433.59},{"text":"to","start":2433.879,"end":2434.072},{"text":"reiterate,","start":2434.088,"end":2434.891},{"text":"as","start":2435.051,"end":2435.1},{"text":"we","start":2435.228,"end":2435.389},{"text":"did","start":2435.389,"end":2435.597},{"text":"during","start":2435.774,"end":2435.999},{"text":"the","start":2436.095,"end":2436.191},{"text":"presentation","start":2436.191,"end":2436.962},{"text":"of","start":2437.139,"end":2437.235},{"text":"our","start":2437.235,"end":2437.348},{"text":"regional","start":2437.54,"end":2438.07},{"text":"model,","start":2438.102,"end":2438.423},{"text":"CARICOM's","start":2439.082,"end":2439.804},{"text":"position","start":2439.804,"end":2440.382},{"text":"on","start":2440.591,"end":2440.655},{"text":"the","start":2440.752,"end":2440.848},{"text":"veto.","start":2440.848,"end":2441.169}]},{"text":"That is, that the veto be abolished.","start":2441.972,"end":2445.312,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":2441.972,"end":2442.245},{"text":"is,","start":2442.293,"end":2442.421},{"text":"that","start":2442.919,"end":2443.096},{"text":"the","start":2443.096,"end":2443.24},{"text":"veto","start":2443.24,"end":2443.738},{"text":"be","start":2444.38,"end":2444.637},{"text":"abolished.","start":2444.701,"end":2445.312}]},{"text":"However, in acknowledging the unlikelihood of its full abolition, we propose that if it is retained, new permanent members must also have the right to use the veto.","start":2446.211,"end":2458.83,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":2446.211,"end":2446.757},{"text":"in","start":2447.415,"end":2447.463},{"text":"acknowledging","start":2447.576,"end":2448.282},{"text":"the","start":2448.394,"end":2448.539},{"text":"unlikelihood","start":2448.7,"end":2449.567},{"text":"of","start":2449.92,"end":2450.016},{"text":"its","start":2450.016,"end":2450.305},{"text":"full","start":2450.305,"end":2450.434},{"text":"abolition,","start":2450.787,"end":2451.317},{"text":"we","start":2451.911,"end":2452.071},{"text":"propose","start":2452.071,"end":2452.537},{"text":"that","start":2452.73,"end":2453.003},{"text":"if","start":2453.115,"end":2453.292},{"text":"it","start":2453.292,"end":2453.452},{"text":"is","start":2453.452,"end":2453.5},{"text":"retained,","start":2453.613,"end":2454.223},{"text":"new","start":2454.48,"end":2454.721},{"text":"permanent","start":2454.737,"end":2455.219},{"text":"members","start":2455.315,"end":2455.829},{"text":"must","start":2456.246,"end":2456.583},{"text":"also","start":2456.727,"end":2457.065},{"text":"have","start":2457.065,"end":2457.321},{"text":"the","start":2457.321,"end":2457.45},{"text":"right","start":2457.45,"end":2457.674},{"text":"to","start":2457.867,"end":2458.011},{"text":"use","start":2458.011,"end":2458.204},{"text":"the","start":2458.268,"end":2458.413},{"text":"veto.","start":2458.429,"end":2458.83}]},{"text":"There cannot be a system of two-tiered permanent membership with respect to the privileges afforded to those endowed with this distinction and hallowed responsibility.","start":2459.552,"end":2470.353,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":2459.552,"end":2459.68},{"text":"cannot","start":2459.777,"end":2460.114},{"text":"be","start":2460.114,"end":2460.274},{"text":"a","start":2460.274,"end":2460.29},{"text":"system","start":2460.29,"end":2460.868},{"text":"of","start":2461.141,"end":2461.285},{"text":"two-tiered","start":2461.333,"end":2462.007},{"text":"permanent","start":2462.12,"end":2462.682},{"text":"membership","start":2462.682,"end":2463.307},{"text":"with","start":2463.307,"end":2463.388},{"text":"respect","start":2463.484,"end":2463.965},{"text":"to","start":2463.965,"end":2464.11},{"text":"the","start":2464.11,"end":2464.206},{"text":"privileges","start":2464.206,"end":2464.896},{"text":"afforded","start":2465.089,"end":2465.602},{"text":"to","start":2465.715,"end":2465.779},{"text":"those","start":2465.875,"end":2466.1},{"text":"endowed","start":2466.357,"end":2466.79},{"text":"with","start":2466.854,"end":2467.063},{"text":"this","start":2467.079,"end":2467.336},{"text":"distinction","start":2467.336,"end":2468.026},{"text":"and","start":2468.62,"end":2468.684},{"text":"hallowed","start":2468.78,"end":2469.278},{"text":"responsibility.","start":2469.342,"end":2470.353}]},{"text":"Third, while we stress the importance of fairness in the application of the right to the veto, we equally emphasize that there must be responsible use of the veto.","start":2471.171,"end":2482.309,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":2471.171,"end":2471.476},{"text":"while","start":2472.134,"end":2472.327},{"text":"we","start":2472.375,"end":2472.471},{"text":"stress","start":2472.471,"end":2472.905},{"text":"the","start":2472.937,"end":2473.033},{"text":"importance","start":2473.033,"end":2473.819},{"text":"of","start":2473.9,"end":2473.932},{"text":"fairness","start":2473.932,"end":2474.509},{"text":"in","start":2474.718,"end":2474.766},{"text":"the","start":2474.798,"end":2474.943},{"text":"application","start":2475.023,"end":2475.649},{"text":"of","start":2475.745,"end":2475.857},{"text":"the","start":2475.922,"end":2476.066},{"text":"right","start":2476.066,"end":2476.339},{"text":"to","start":2476.339,"end":2476.483},{"text":"the","start":2476.483,"end":2476.628},{"text":"veto,","start":2476.628,"end":2476.981},{"text":"we","start":2477.928,"end":2478.152},{"text":"equally","start":2478.233,"end":2478.618},{"text":"emphasize","start":2478.81,"end":2479.501},{"text":"that","start":2479.677,"end":2479.821},{"text":"there","start":2479.854,"end":2479.966},{"text":"must","start":2480.014,"end":2480.335},{"text":"be","start":2480.399,"end":2480.56},{"text":"responsible","start":2480.56,"end":2481.314},{"text":"use","start":2481.442,"end":2481.715},{"text":"of","start":2481.86,"end":2481.908},{"text":"the","start":2481.94,"end":2482.084},{"text":"veto.","start":2482.084,"end":2482.309}]},{"text":"Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter, it must not be a tool for the furtherance of any state's self-interest while simultaneously hindering progress towards peace.","start":2482.823,"end":2495.957,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Guided","start":2482.823,"end":2483.24},{"text":"by","start":2483.288,"end":2483.449},{"text":"the","start":2483.449,"end":2483.609},{"text":"purposes","start":2483.609,"end":2484.236},{"text":"and","start":2484.589,"end":2484.653},{"text":"principles","start":2484.749,"end":2485.36},{"text":"of","start":2485.633,"end":2485.729},{"text":"the","start":2485.793,"end":2485.873},{"text":"Charter,","start":2485.938,"end":2486.339},{"text":"it","start":2487.078,"end":2487.238},{"text":"must","start":2487.238,"end":2487.543},{"text":"not","start":2487.543,"end":2487.848},{"text":"be","start":2487.864,"end":2488.041},{"text":"a","start":2488.041,"end":2488.137},{"text":"tool","start":2488.137,"end":2488.346},{"text":"for","start":2488.667,"end":2488.876},{"text":"the","start":2488.94,"end":2489.085},{"text":"furtherance","start":2489.085,"end":2489.871},{"text":"of","start":2489.871,"end":2489.984},{"text":"any","start":2490.048,"end":2490.225},{"text":"state's","start":2490.225,"end":2490.867},{"text":"self-interest","start":2490.915,"end":2492.151},{"text":"while","start":2492.44,"end":2492.569},{"text":"simultaneously","start":2492.633,"end":2493.709},{"text":"hindering","start":2493.901,"end":2494.431},{"text":"progress","start":2494.608,"end":2495.138},{"text":"towards","start":2495.25,"end":2495.635},{"text":"peace.","start":2495.748,"end":2495.957}]},{"text":"We are vehemently supportive of efforts to limit its use in situations that constitute a threat to the peace, an act of aggression, or other breach of peace.","start":2496.872,"end":2508.159,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2496.872,"end":2496.968},{"text":"are","start":2497.016,"end":2497.193},{"text":"vehemently","start":2497.193,"end":2497.996},{"text":"supportive","start":2497.996,"end":2498.847},{"text":"of","start":2499.264,"end":2499.312},{"text":"efforts","start":2499.425,"end":2499.858},{"text":"to","start":2500.003,"end":2500.099},{"text":"limit","start":2500.147,"end":2500.549},{"text":"its","start":2500.565,"end":2500.693},{"text":"use","start":2500.806,"end":2501.078},{"text":"in","start":2501.207,"end":2501.255},{"text":"situations","start":2501.351,"end":2502.218},{"text":"that","start":2502.395,"end":2502.588},{"text":"constitute","start":2502.716,"end":2503.471},{"text":"a","start":2503.535,"end":2503.551},{"text":"threat","start":2503.68,"end":2504.033},{"text":"to","start":2504.033,"end":2504.161},{"text":"the","start":2504.161,"end":2504.322},{"text":"peace,","start":2504.322,"end":2504.611},{"text":"an","start":2505.542,"end":2505.687},{"text":"act","start":2505.687,"end":2505.96},{"text":"of","start":2505.96,"end":2506.12},{"text":"aggression,","start":2506.12,"end":2506.794},{"text":"or","start":2507.051,"end":2507.244},{"text":"other","start":2507.292,"end":2507.565},{"text":"breach","start":2507.629,"end":2507.918},{"text":"of","start":2508.047,"end":2508.111},{"text":"peace.","start":2508.111,"end":2508.159}]},{"text":"pursuant to Chapter 7 of the UN Charter.","start":2508.693,"end":2511.759,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"pursuant","start":2508.693,"end":2509.322},{"text":"to","start":2509.322,"end":2509.484},{"text":"Chapter","start":2509.484,"end":2509.839},{"text":"7","start":2509.839,"end":2510.258},{"text":"of","start":2510.468,"end":2510.597},{"text":"the","start":2510.63,"end":2510.71},{"text":"UN","start":2510.71,"end":2511.001},{"text":"Charter.","start":2511.13,"end":2511.759}]},{"text":"Moreover, we add our collective voice in support of the principle that the veto should not be used when the Council is addressing matters involving the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole.","start":2512.405,"end":2527.258,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":2512.405,"end":2513.018},{"text":"we","start":2513.373,"end":2513.518},{"text":"add","start":2513.679,"end":2513.825},{"text":"our","start":2513.921,"end":2514.051},{"text":"collective","start":2514.244,"end":2514.712},{"text":"voice","start":2514.744,"end":2515.035},{"text":"in","start":2515.374,"end":2515.422},{"text":"support","start":2515.471,"end":2515.971},{"text":"of","start":2515.971,"end":2516.116},{"text":"the","start":2516.116,"end":2516.261},{"text":"principle","start":2516.261,"end":2516.891},{"text":"that","start":2517.326,"end":2517.488},{"text":"the","start":2517.488,"end":2517.552},{"text":"veto","start":2517.568,"end":2518.004},{"text":"should","start":2518.053,"end":2518.312},{"text":"not","start":2518.36,"end":2518.619},{"text":"be","start":2518.619,"end":2518.7},{"text":"used","start":2518.765,"end":2519.12},{"text":"when","start":2519.12,"end":2519.266},{"text":"the","start":2519.266,"end":2519.363},{"text":"Council","start":2519.428,"end":2520.01},{"text":"is","start":2520.075,"end":2520.22},{"text":"addressing","start":2520.22,"end":2520.609},{"text":"matters","start":2520.722,"end":2521.256},{"text":"involving","start":2521.773,"end":2522.388},{"text":"the","start":2522.421,"end":2522.518},{"text":"most","start":2522.518,"end":2522.825},{"text":"serious","start":2522.825,"end":2523.424},{"text":"crimes","start":2523.472,"end":2523.812},{"text":"of","start":2523.86,"end":2524.006},{"text":"concern","start":2524.022,"end":2524.491},{"text":"to","start":2524.621,"end":2524.766},{"text":"the","start":2524.766,"end":2524.912},{"text":"international","start":2524.944,"end":2525.672},{"text":"community","start":2525.899,"end":2526.465},{"text":"as","start":2526.853,"end":2526.966},{"text":"a","start":2527.015,"end":2527.031},{"text":"whole.","start":2527.08,"end":2527.258}]},{"text":"That is, the crime of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.","start":2527.825,"end":2534.778,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":2527.825,"end":2528.084},{"text":"is,","start":2528.084,"end":2528.295},{"text":"the","start":2528.814,"end":2528.895},{"text":"crime","start":2528.96,"end":2529.187},{"text":"of","start":2529.235,"end":2529.316},{"text":"genocide,","start":2529.381,"end":2530.078},{"text":"crimes","start":2530.418,"end":2530.726},{"text":"against","start":2530.775,"end":2531.18},{"text":"humanity,","start":2531.18,"end":2531.78},{"text":"war","start":2532.299,"end":2532.607},{"text":"crimes,","start":2532.607,"end":2532.996},{"text":"and","start":2533.433,"end":2533.498},{"text":"the","start":2533.514,"end":2533.66},{"text":"crime","start":2533.66,"end":2534},{"text":"of","start":2534.163,"end":2534.308},{"text":"aggression.","start":2534.325,"end":2534.778}]},{"text":"Fourth, there must be some measure of accountability for the use of the veto.","start":2535.689,"end":2540.736,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"Fourth,","start":2535.689,"end":2536.153},{"text":"there","start":2536.698,"end":2536.81},{"text":"must","start":2536.81,"end":2537.131},{"text":"be","start":2537.179,"end":2537.275},{"text":"some","start":2537.275,"end":2537.611},{"text":"measure","start":2537.676,"end":2538.156},{"text":"of","start":2538.316,"end":2538.413},{"text":"accountability","start":2538.413,"end":2539.326},{"text":"for","start":2539.438,"end":2539.63},{"text":"the","start":2539.695,"end":2539.823},{"text":"use","start":2539.823,"end":2540.031},{"text":"of","start":2540.159,"end":2540.287},{"text":"the","start":2540.303,"end":2540.4},{"text":"veto.","start":2540.4,"end":2540.736}]},{"text":"In this regard, there must be a continuation of the requirement to convene a debate of the General Assembly once a veto is exercised.","start":2541.505,"end":2550.591,"topics":[{"key":"general-assembly-role","label":"Stronger General Assembly Role","description":"Several delegations urged a more active role for the General Assembly when the Security Council is blocked by a veto. They highlighted Assembly debates, emergency sessions, and follow-up action as ways to preserve accountability and sustain multilateral response."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2541.505,"end":2541.553},{"text":"this","start":2541.601,"end":2541.874},{"text":"regard,","start":2541.906,"end":2542.371},{"text":"there","start":2542.643,"end":2542.755},{"text":"must","start":2542.803,"end":2543.268},{"text":"be","start":2543.268,"end":2543.428},{"text":"a","start":2543.428,"end":2543.508},{"text":"continuation","start":2543.508,"end":2544.454},{"text":"of","start":2544.87,"end":2544.982},{"text":"the","start":2544.982,"end":2545.111},{"text":"requirement","start":2545.111,"end":2545.832},{"text":"to","start":2545.832,"end":2545.976},{"text":"convene","start":2545.992,"end":2546.425},{"text":"a","start":2546.473,"end":2546.569},{"text":"debate","start":2546.569,"end":2547.033},{"text":"of","start":2547.033,"end":2547.194},{"text":"the","start":2547.194,"end":2547.274},{"text":"General","start":2547.274,"end":2547.706},{"text":"Assembly","start":2547.706,"end":2548.299},{"text":"once","start":2548.812,"end":2549.004},{"text":"a","start":2549.117,"end":2549.133},{"text":"veto","start":2549.133,"end":2549.453},{"text":"is","start":2549.533,"end":2549.661},{"text":"exercised.","start":2549.758,"end":2550.591}]},{"text":"Permanent members casting a veto should take part in that debate and explain the reason for their use of the veto.","start":2550.975,"end":2558.571,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"Permanent","start":2550.975,"end":2551.6},{"text":"members","start":2551.6,"end":2551.985},{"text":"casting","start":2552.177,"end":2552.706},{"text":"a","start":2552.722,"end":2552.738},{"text":"veto","start":2552.738,"end":2553.219},{"text":"should","start":2553.619,"end":2553.956},{"text":"take","start":2554.02,"end":2554.244},{"text":"part","start":2554.26,"end":2554.597},{"text":"in","start":2554.597,"end":2554.709},{"text":"that","start":2554.741,"end":2554.997},{"text":"debate","start":2554.997,"end":2555.574},{"text":"and","start":2555.686,"end":2555.767},{"text":"explain","start":2555.863,"end":2556.472},{"text":"the","start":2556.504,"end":2556.6},{"text":"reason","start":2556.664,"end":2557.032},{"text":"for","start":2557.064,"end":2557.241},{"text":"their","start":2557.305,"end":2557.545},{"text":"use","start":2557.545,"end":2557.737},{"text":"of","start":2557.946,"end":2558.074},{"text":"the","start":2558.09,"end":2558.186},{"text":"veto.","start":2558.186,"end":2558.571}]},{"text":"Co-chairs, the data is clear.","start":2559.228,"end":2561.423,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Co-chairs,","start":2559.228,"end":2559.757},{"text":"the","start":2560.51,"end":2560.558},{"text":"data","start":2560.59,"end":2560.99},{"text":"is","start":2560.99,"end":2561.119},{"text":"clear.","start":2561.231,"end":2561.423}]},{"text":"The use of the veto is an impediment to the cause of the maintenance of international peace and security.","start":2561.792,"end":2567.725,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2561.792,"end":2561.856},{"text":"use","start":2561.872,"end":2562.064},{"text":"of","start":2562.176,"end":2562.273},{"text":"the","start":2562.273,"end":2562.369},{"text":"veto","start":2562.369,"end":2562.69},{"text":"is","start":2562.994,"end":2563.139},{"text":"an","start":2563.139,"end":2563.187},{"text":"impediment","start":2563.235,"end":2563.957},{"text":"to","start":2563.957,"end":2564.053},{"text":"the","start":2564.053,"end":2564.261},{"text":"cause","start":2564.261,"end":2564.566},{"text":"of","start":2564.694,"end":2564.775},{"text":"the","start":2564.839,"end":2564.919},{"text":"maintenance","start":2564.919,"end":2565.544},{"text":"of","start":2565.544,"end":2565.657},{"text":"international","start":2565.657,"end":2566.491},{"text":"peace","start":2566.507,"end":2566.651},{"text":"and","start":2566.843,"end":2566.972},{"text":"security.","start":2567.004,"end":2567.725}]},{"text":"In 2024 alone, we witnessed a record level of blocked resolutions.","start":2568.287,"end":2573.788,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. 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The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2574.461,"end":2574.605},{"text":"was","start":2574.605,"end":2574.75},{"text":"the","start":2574.846,"end":2574.926},{"text":"year","start":2574.926,"end":2575.135},{"text":"of","start":2575.343,"end":2575.471},{"text":"the","start":2575.488,"end":2575.568},{"text":"fewest","start":2575.568,"end":2576.225},{"text":"adopted","start":2576.241,"end":2576.787},{"text":"resolutions","start":2576.787,"end":2577.637},{"text":"in","start":2577.749,"end":2577.797},{"text":"recent","start":2577.909,"end":2578.358},{"text":"Security","start":2578.39,"end":2578.92},{"text":"Council","start":2579.016,"end":2579.513},{"text":"history","start":2579.513,"end":2579.962},{"text":"and","start":2580.555,"end":2580.619},{"text":"the","start":2580.635,"end":2580.78},{"text":"most","start":2580.78,"end":2581.277},{"text":"vetoes","start":2581.277,"end":2581.726},{"text":"since","start":2581.758,"end":2582.079},{"text":"the","start":2582.079,"end":2582.239},{"text":"Cold","start":2582.239,"end":2582.56},{"text":"War.","start":2582.56,"end":2582.881}]},{"text":"However, what we cannot measure are those instances in which just the threat of the veto has stopped the proposal of resolutions or watered down them beyond the point of impact.","start":2583.522,"end":2595.929,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. 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They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2615.549,"end":2615.726},{"text":"situation","start":2615.726,"end":2616.56},{"text":"has","start":2616.817,"end":2616.961},{"text":"not","start":2617.074,"end":2617.314},{"text":"just","start":2617.314,"end":2617.619},{"text":"resulted","start":2617.619,"end":2618.277},{"text":"in","start":2618.277,"end":2618.422},{"text":"a","start":2618.422,"end":2618.438},{"text":"failure","start":2618.438,"end":2618.951},{"text":"to","start":2619.176,"end":2619.288},{"text":"address","start":2619.384,"end":2619.818},{"text":"breaches","start":2619.882,"end":2620.251},{"text":"of","start":2620.347,"end":2620.411},{"text":"international","start":2620.524,"end":2621.278},{"text":"law,","start":2621.326,"end":2621.406},{"text":"including","start":2622.048,"end":2622.546},{"text":"international","start":2622.69,"end":2623.364},{"text":"humanitarian","start":2623.477,"end":2624.263},{"text":"law,","start":2624.359,"end":2624.407},{"text":"but","start":2625.097,"end":2625.258},{"text":"has","start":2625.258,"end":2625.434},{"text":"done","start":2625.515,"end":2625.691},{"text":"incalculable","start":2625.98,"end":2627.039},{"text":"damage","start":2627.184,"end":2627.553},{"text":"to","start":2627.842,"end":2627.986},{"text":"the","start":2627.986,"end":2628.066},{"text":"reputation","start":2628.066,"end":2628.82},{"text":"of","start":2629.029,"end":2629.158},{"text":"the","start":2629.19,"end":2629.254},{"text":"United","start":2629.254,"end":2629.767},{"text":"Nations","start":2629.832,"end":2630.361},{"text":"and","start":2630.955,"end":2631.019},{"text":"to","start":2631.099,"end":2631.196},{"text":"the","start":2631.196,"end":2631.276},{"text":"cause","start":2631.276,"end":2631.565},{"text":"of","start":2631.677,"end":2631.757},{"text":"multilateralism.","start":2631.821,"end":2632.961}]},{"text":"CARICOM reaffirms our commitment to achieving early and urgent reform of the Security Council, and will continue to actively engage with all Member States in this process.","start":2633.747,"end":2645.109,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"CARICOM","start":2633.747,"end":2634.196},{"text":"reaffirms","start":2634.485,"end":2635.175},{"text":"our","start":2635.288,"end":2635.561},{"text":"commitment","start":2635.593,"end":2636.138},{"text":"to","start":2636.186,"end":2636.283},{"text":"achieving","start":2636.315,"end":2636.78},{"text":"early","start":2637.037,"end":2637.342},{"text":"and","start":2637.518,"end":2637.583},{"text":"urgent","start":2637.695,"end":2638.16},{"text":"reform","start":2638.16,"end":2638.594},{"text":"of","start":2638.658,"end":2638.754},{"text":"the","start":2638.802,"end":2638.882},{"text":"Security","start":2638.882,"end":2639.508},{"text":"Council,","start":2639.54,"end":2639.861},{"text":"and","start":2640.511,"end":2640.576},{"text":"will","start":2640.608,"end":2640.738},{"text":"continue","start":2640.836,"end":2641.29},{"text":"to","start":2641.485,"end":2641.632},{"text":"actively","start":2641.713,"end":2642.265},{"text":"engage","start":2642.282,"end":2642.72},{"text":"with","start":2642.801,"end":2642.931},{"text":"all","start":2643.175,"end":2643.289},{"text":"Member","start":2643.338,"end":2643.679},{"text":"States","start":2643.679,"end":2644.052},{"text":"in","start":2644.329,"end":2644.41},{"text":"this","start":2644.41,"end":2644.686},{"text":"process.","start":2644.719,"end":2645.109}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":2645.466,"end":2646.035,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2645.466,"end":2645.612},{"text":"thank","start":2645.612,"end":2645.937},{"text":"you.","start":2645.937,"end":2646.035}]},{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Guyana, and I give the floor to the distinguished","start":2648.572,"end":2654.091,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2648.572,"end":2648.62},{"text":"thank","start":2648.734,"end":2649.14},{"text":"the","start":2649.14,"end":2649.237},{"text":"distinguished","start":2649.237,"end":2649.676},{"text":"representative","start":2649.676,"end":2650.617},{"text":"of","start":2650.617,"end":2650.747},{"text":"Guyana,","start":2650.779,"end":2651.429},{"text":"and","start":2651.835,"end":2651.9},{"text":"I","start":2651.9,"end":2651.997},{"text":"give","start":2651.997,"end":2652.224},{"text":"the","start":2652.224,"end":2652.403},{"text":"floor","start":2652.403,"end":2652.906},{"text":"to","start":2653.377,"end":2653.507},{"text":"the","start":2653.523,"end":2653.62},{"text":"distinguished","start":2653.62,"end":2654.091}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"GUY","affiliation_full":"Guyana","group":"CARICOM","function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":15,"start":2654.091,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=2655","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"representative of Belgium. Mr. Chair, Madam Chair, I have the honour to deliver this statement on behalf of the Benelux 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Kingdom of the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and my own country, Belgium.","start":2672.842,"end":2676.888,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"the","start":2672.842,"end":2672.938},{"text":"Kingdom","start":2672.938,"end":2673.211},{"text":"of","start":2673.42,"end":2673.5},{"text":"the","start":2673.5,"end":2673.548},{"text":"Netherlands,","start":2673.548,"end":2673.998},{"text":"Luxembourg,","start":2674.463,"end":2675.122},{"text":"and","start":2675.346,"end":2675.411},{"text":"my","start":2675.491,"end":2675.652},{"text":"own","start":2675.732,"end":2675.78},{"text":"country,","start":2675.892,"end":2676.278},{"text":"Belgium.","start":2676.551,"end":2676.888}]},{"text":"At the outset, we thank the co-chairs for their continued leadership and efforts to guide us toward greater convergence.","start":2678.156,"end":2684.162,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":2678.156,"end":2678.221},{"text":"the","start":2678.237,"end":2678.365},{"text":"outset,","start":2678.381,"end":2678.879},{"text":"we","start":2678.959,"end":2679.104},{"text":"thank","start":2679.104,"end":2679.296},{"text":"the","start":2679.361,"end":2679.441},{"text":"co-chairs","start":2679.441,"end":2679.89},{"text":"for","start":2680.067,"end":2680.244},{"text":"their","start":2680.244,"end":2680.388},{"text":"continued","start":2680.404,"end":2680.982},{"text":"leadership","start":2680.982,"end":2681.464},{"text":"and","start":2681.609,"end":2681.673},{"text":"efforts","start":2681.833,"end":2682.315},{"text":"to","start":2682.315,"end":2682.411},{"text":"guide","start":2682.411,"end":2682.668},{"text":"us","start":2682.668,"end":2682.765},{"text":"toward","start":2682.893,"end":2683.182},{"text":"greater","start":2683.214,"end":2683.616},{"text":"convergence.","start":2683.616,"end":2684.162}]},{"text":"Today, we discuss the question of the veto, which is indeed a matter of great importance.","start":2684.964,"end":2690.102,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Today,","start":2684.964,"end":2685.253},{"text":"we","start":2685.687,"end":2685.767},{"text":"discuss","start":2685.767,"end":2686.104},{"text":"the","start":2686.104,"end":2686.185},{"text":"question","start":2686.185,"end":2686.474},{"text":"of","start":2686.57,"end":2686.65},{"text":"the","start":2686.65,"end":2686.698},{"text":"veto,","start":2686.731,"end":2687.068},{"text":"which","start":2687.63,"end":2687.758},{"text":"is","start":2687.806,"end":2687.951},{"text":"indeed","start":2687.951,"end":2688.368},{"text":"a","start":2688.513,"end":2688.529},{"text":"matter","start":2688.545,"end":2688.946},{"text":"of","start":2689.059,"end":2689.203},{"text":"great","start":2689.219,"end":2689.557},{"text":"importance.","start":2689.557,"end":2690.102}]},{"text":"For this plenary IGN meeting, the Benelux countries will focus on 3 points, drawing on the guiding questions shared by the 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the Benelux countries wish to highlight that the question of the veto is central to any discussion on Security Council reform.","start":2699.642,"end":2707.273,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":2699.642,"end":2700.139},{"text":"the","start":2700.62,"end":2700.716},{"text":"Benelux","start":2700.716,"end":2701.165},{"text":"countries","start":2701.165,"end":2701.55},{"text":"wish","start":2701.662,"end":2701.822},{"text":"to","start":2701.822,"end":2701.951},{"text":"highlight","start":2701.967,"end":2702.56},{"text":"that","start":2702.624,"end":2702.72},{"text":"the","start":2702.72,"end":2702.848},{"text":"question","start":2702.848,"end":2703.153},{"text":"of","start":2703.201,"end":2703.281},{"text":"the","start":2703.329,"end":2703.41},{"text":"veto","start":2703.41,"end":2703.73},{"text":"is","start":2703.826,"end":2703.858},{"text":"central","start":2703.858,"end":2704.452},{"text":"to","start":2704.612,"end":2704.756},{"text":"any","start":2704.852,"end":2704.997},{"text":"discussion","start":2705.093,"end":2705.558},{"text":"on","start":2705.83,"end":2705.926},{"text":"Security","start":2705.926,"end":2706.455},{"text":"Council","start":2706.455,"end":2706.76},{"text":"reform.","start":2706.856,"end":2707.273}]},{"text":"The Benelux countries are concerned by its increased use in recent years, which has at times prevented the Council from effectively carrying out its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security.","start":2708.075,"end":2721.916,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2708.075,"end":2708.155},{"text":"Benelux","start":2708.155,"end":2708.507},{"text":"countries","start":2708.555,"end":2708.924},{"text":"are","start":2709.036,"end":2709.181},{"text":"concerned","start":2709.181,"end":2709.646},{"text":"by","start":2710.239,"end":2710.335},{"text":"its","start":2710.335,"end":2710.559},{"text":"increased","start":2710.559,"end":2711.12},{"text":"use","start":2711.12,"end":2711.409},{"text":"in","start":2711.601,"end":2711.73},{"text":"recent","start":2711.762,"end":2712.098},{"text":"years,","start":2712.098,"end":2712.371},{"text":"which","start":2712.964,"end":2713.108},{"text":"has","start":2713.188,"end":2713.413},{"text":"at","start":2713.605,"end":2713.701},{"text":"times","start":2713.766,"end":2714.054},{"text":"prevented","start":2714.15,"end":2714.647},{"text":"the","start":2714.647,"end":2714.727},{"text":"Council","start":2714.727,"end":2715.208},{"text":"from","start":2715.208,"end":2715.385},{"text":"effectively","start":2715.433,"end":2715.898},{"text":"carrying","start":2715.93,"end":2716.218},{"text":"out","start":2716.395,"end":2716.731},{"text":"its","start":2717.052,"end":2717.277},{"text":"primary","start":2717.277,"end":2717.742},{"text":"responsibility","start":2717.774,"end":2718.593},{"text":"for","start":2719.043,"end":2719.155},{"text":"the","start":2719.155,"end":2719.283},{"text":"maintenance","start":2719.283,"end":2719.733},{"text":"of","start":2719.845,"end":2719.893},{"text":"international","start":2720.022,"end":2720.792},{"text":"peace","start":2720.824,"end":2721.033},{"text":"and","start":2721.226,"end":2721.29},{"text":"security.","start":2721.386,"end":2721.916}]},{"text":"We are among the large and growing number of member states that support limitations on the use of the veto.","start":2722.975,"end":2729.316,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2722.975,"end":2723.136},{"text":"are","start":2723.136,"end":2723.184},{"text":"among","start":2723.232,"end":2723.441},{"text":"the","start":2723.553,"end":2723.698},{"text":"large","start":2723.698,"end":2724.083},{"text":"and","start":2724.276,"end":2724.34},{"text":"growing","start":2724.436,"end":2724.886},{"text":"number","start":2724.918,"end":2725.351},{"text":"of","start":2725.399,"end":2725.528},{"text":"member","start":2725.56,"end":2725.881},{"text":"states","start":2725.881,"end":2726.443},{"text":"that","start":2726.683,"end":2726.844},{"text":"support","start":2726.844,"end":2727.342},{"text":"limitations","start":2727.342,"end":2728.096},{"text":"on","start":2728.369,"end":2728.417},{"text":"the","start":2728.449,"end":2728.529},{"text":"use","start":2728.529,"end":2728.786},{"text":"of","start":2728.786,"end":2728.867},{"text":"the","start":2728.931,"end":2728.995},{"text":"veto.","start":2728.995,"end":2729.316}]},{"text":"In this regard, we fully endorse the joint French-Mexican political statement on the voluntary suspension of the veto in cases of mass atrocities, as well as the Code of Conduct of the Accountability, Coherence and Transparency Group, which seeks to ensure that the veto is not used in situations involving genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes.","start":2730.054,"end":2753.717,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2730.054,"end":2730.135},{"text":"this","start":2730.135,"end":2730.359},{"text":"regard,","start":2730.359,"end":2730.825},{"text":"we","start":2731.178,"end":2731.258},{"text":"fully","start":2731.258,"end":2731.708},{"text":"endorse","start":2731.74,"end":2732.334},{"text":"the","start":2732.382,"end":2732.462},{"text":"joint","start":2732.542,"end":2732.928},{"text":"French-Mexican","start":2732.928,"end":2733.811},{"text":"political","start":2733.907,"end":2734.292},{"text":"statement","start":2734.292,"end":2734.87},{"text":"on","start":2735.271,"end":2735.32},{"text":"the","start":2735.352,"end":2735.432},{"text":"voluntary","start":2735.432,"end":2735.913},{"text":"suspension","start":2735.913,"end":2736.588},{"text":"of","start":2736.861,"end":2736.909},{"text":"the","start":2736.941,"end":2737.037},{"text":"veto","start":2737.037,"end":2737.503},{"text":"in","start":2737.84,"end":2737.888},{"text":"cases","start":2738,"end":2738.305},{"text":"of","start":2738.482,"end":2738.626},{"text":"mass","start":2738.626,"end":2739.06},{"text":"atrocities,","start":2739.06,"end":2739.654},{"text":"as","start":2740.312,"end":2740.36},{"text":"well","start":2740.472,"end":2740.745},{"text":"as","start":2740.809,"end":2740.858},{"text":"the","start":2740.954,"end":2741.034},{"text":"Code","start":2741.034,"end":2741.227},{"text":"of","start":2741.227,"end":2741.339},{"text":"Conduct","start":2741.371,"end":2741.901},{"text":"of","start":2742.094,"end":2742.19},{"text":"the","start":2742.238,"end":2742.318},{"text":"Accountability,","start":2742.318,"end":2742.912},{"text":"Coherence","start":2743.137,"end":2743.618},{"text":"and","start":2743.618,"end":2743.699},{"text":"Transparency","start":2743.699,"end":2744.341},{"text":"Group,","start":2744.405,"end":2744.517},{"text":"which","start":2745.049,"end":2745.193},{"text":"seeks","start":2745.29,"end":2745.741},{"text":"to","start":2745.789,"end":2745.918},{"text":"ensure","start":2745.95,"end":2746.465},{"text":"that","start":2746.739,"end":2746.9},{"text":"the","start":2746.9,"end":2746.98},{"text":"veto","start":2746.98,"end":2747.238},{"text":"is","start":2747.383,"end":2747.528},{"text":"not","start":2747.544,"end":2747.866},{"text":"used","start":2747.866,"end":2748.333},{"text":"in","start":2748.381,"end":2748.477},{"text":"situations","start":2748.51,"end":2749.298},{"text":"involving","start":2749.476,"end":2749.942},{"text":"genocide,","start":2750.377,"end":2751.037},{"text":"crimes","start":2751.488,"end":2751.761},{"text":"against","start":2751.761,"end":2752.051},{"text":"humanity,","start":2752.051,"end":2752.518},{"text":"and","start":2753.07,"end":2753.15},{"text":"war","start":2753.183,"end":2753.409},{"text":"crimes.","start":2753.409,"end":2753.717}]},{"text":"We further underscore the importance of strict adherence to Article 27 of the UN Charter, which requires a member state that is a party to a dispute to abstain from voting.","start":2754.72,"end":2766.034,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2754.72,"end":2754.817},{"text":"further","start":2754.817,"end":2755.254},{"text":"underscore","start":2755.367,"end":2755.885},{"text":"the","start":2755.95,"end":2756.079},{"text":"importance","start":2756.079,"end":2756.742},{"text":"of","start":2756.759,"end":2756.839},{"text":"strict","start":2756.888,"end":2757.244},{"text":"adherence","start":2757.244,"end":2757.762},{"text":"to","start":2757.875,"end":2758.004},{"text":"Article","start":2758.102,"end":2758.425},{"text":"27","start":2758.441,"end":2759.364},{"text":"of","start":2759.736,"end":2759.8},{"text":"the","start":2759.817,"end":2759.881},{"text":"UN","start":2759.881,"end":2760.092},{"text":"Charter,","start":2760.205,"end":2760.626},{"text":"which","start":2761.176,"end":2761.24},{"text":"requires","start":2761.354,"end":2761.888},{"text":"a","start":2761.985,"end":2762.05},{"text":"member","start":2762.05,"end":2762.243},{"text":"state","start":2762.243,"end":2762.808},{"text":"that","start":2763.05,"end":2763.195},{"text":"is","start":2763.195,"end":2763.292},{"text":"a","start":2763.292,"end":2763.372},{"text":"party","start":2763.372,"end":2763.695},{"text":"to","start":2763.695,"end":2763.856},{"text":"a","start":2763.856,"end":2763.921},{"text":"dispute","start":2763.921,"end":2764.502},{"text":"to","start":2764.808,"end":2764.857},{"text":"abstain","start":2764.905,"end":2765.276},{"text":"from","start":2765.534,"end":2765.68},{"text":"voting.","start":2765.776,"end":2766.034}]},{"text":"In this regard, we express our support for the draft resolution on the implementation of Article 27 that was recently, recently presented by a cross-regional core group of member states led by Liechtenstein, which seeks to strengthen compliance with this important Charter obligation.","start":2766.68,"end":2784.319,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2766.68,"end":2766.728},{"text":"this","start":2766.825,"end":2767.067},{"text":"regard,","start":2767.067,"end":2767.503},{"text":"we","start":2767.89,"end":2768.051},{"text":"express","start":2768.051,"end":2768.438},{"text":"our","start":2768.438,"end":2768.551},{"text":"support","start":2768.551,"end":2769.197},{"text":"for","start":2769.503,"end":2769.632},{"text":"the","start":2769.664,"end":2769.745},{"text":"draft","start":2769.745,"end":2770.132},{"text":"resolution","start":2770.132,"end":2770.6},{"text":"on","start":2770.649,"end":2770.762},{"text":"the","start":2770.778,"end":2770.874},{"text":"implementation","start":2770.874,"end":2771.6},{"text":"of","start":2771.6,"end":2771.73},{"text":"Article","start":2771.73,"end":2772.004},{"text":"27","start":2772.021,"end":2772.863},{"text":"that","start":2773.176,"end":2773.336},{"text":"was","start":2773.336,"end":2773.513},{"text":"recently,","start":2773.513,"end":2773.914},{"text":"recently","start":2774.075,"end":2774.525},{"text":"presented","start":2774.557,"end":2775.119},{"text":"by","start":2775.424,"end":2775.536},{"text":"a","start":2775.536,"end":2775.665},{"text":"cross-regional","start":2775.665,"end":2776.355},{"text":"core","start":2776.548,"end":2776.676},{"text":"group","start":2776.789,"end":2777.029},{"text":"of","start":2777.045,"end":2777.142},{"text":"member","start":2777.142,"end":2777.431},{"text":"states","start":2777.431,"end":2777.8},{"text":"led","start":2778.234,"end":2778.378},{"text":"by","start":2778.651,"end":2778.812},{"text":"Liechtenstein,","start":2778.812,"end":2779.422},{"text":"which","start":2779.936,"end":2780.064},{"text":"seeks","start":2780.241,"end":2780.69},{"text":"to","start":2780.819,"end":2780.963},{"text":"strengthen","start":2780.963,"end":2781.509},{"text":"compliance","start":2781.525,"end":2782.055},{"text":"with","start":2782.168,"end":2782.264},{"text":"this","start":2782.264,"end":2782.457},{"text":"important","start":2782.585,"end":2783.308},{"text":"Charter","start":2783.308,"end":2783.693},{"text":"obligation.","start":2783.789,"end":2784.319}]},{"text":"Second, the Benelux countries, mindful of the parameters set out in the Pact for the Future, are cautious about the potential negative impact that additional vetoes, especially under the current modalities, could have on the effectiveness and efficiency of the Council.","start":2785.25,"end":2801.356,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":2785.25,"end":2785.684},{"text":"the","start":2786.278,"end":2786.374},{"text":"Benelux","start":2786.439,"end":2786.84},{"text":"countries,","start":2786.84,"end":2787.209},{"text":"mindful","start":2787.563,"end":2788.157},{"text":"of","start":2788.189,"end":2788.237},{"text":"the","start":2788.285,"end":2788.365},{"text":"parameters","start":2788.365,"end":2788.943},{"text":"set","start":2788.943,"end":2789.313},{"text":"out","start":2789.393,"end":2789.65},{"text":"in","start":2789.65,"end":2789.73},{"text":"the","start":2789.73,"end":2789.81},{"text":"Pact","start":2789.81,"end":2790.083},{"text":"for","start":2790.116,"end":2790.212},{"text":"the","start":2790.212,"end":2790.292},{"text":"Future,","start":2790.292,"end":2790.758},{"text":"are","start":2791.24,"end":2791.288},{"text":"cautious","start":2791.4,"end":2791.994},{"text":"about","start":2792.058,"end":2792.363},{"text":"the","start":2792.363,"end":2792.46},{"text":"potential","start":2792.46,"end":2792.958},{"text":"negative","start":2792.958,"end":2793.391},{"text":"impact","start":2793.504,"end":2793.985},{"text":"that","start":2794.226,"end":2794.387},{"text":"additional","start":2794.387,"end":2794.868},{"text":"vetoes,","start":2794.868,"end":2795.318},{"text":"especially","start":2795.671,"end":2796.233},{"text":"under","start":2796.378,"end":2796.554},{"text":"the","start":2796.554,"end":2796.699},{"text":"current","start":2796.699,"end":2796.956},{"text":"modalities,","start":2796.956,"end":2797.566},{"text":"could","start":2797.999,"end":2798.16},{"text":"have","start":2798.16,"end":2798.449},{"text":"on","start":2798.642,"end":2798.69},{"text":"the","start":2798.722,"end":2798.818},{"text":"effectiveness","start":2798.818,"end":2799.557},{"text":"and","start":2799.766,"end":2799.83},{"text":"efficiency","start":2799.862,"end":2800.537},{"text":"of","start":2800.81,"end":2800.89},{"text":"the","start":2800.89,"end":2800.971},{"text":"Council.","start":2800.971,"end":2801.356}]},{"text":"We believe that any consideration of extending veto prerogatives should be approached with the utmost care.","start":2802.095,"end":2808.681,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2802.095,"end":2802.256},{"text":"believe","start":2802.256,"end":2802.657},{"text":"that","start":2802.657,"end":2802.834},{"text":"any","start":2802.963,"end":2803.107},{"text":"consideration","start":2803.139,"end":2803.91},{"text":"of","start":2804.167,"end":2804.215},{"text":"extending","start":2804.264,"end":2804.713},{"text":"veto","start":2804.826,"end":2805.227},{"text":"prerogatives","start":2805.292,"end":2805.918},{"text":"should","start":2806.416,"end":2806.577},{"text":"be","start":2806.593,"end":2806.737},{"text":"approached","start":2806.737,"end":2807.476},{"text":"with","start":2807.476,"end":2807.557},{"text":"the","start":2807.557,"end":2807.781},{"text":"utmost","start":2807.814,"end":2808.44},{"text":"care.","start":2808.44,"end":2808.681}]},{"text":"This particularly in light of the need to ensure that the Council is able to effectively carry out its primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security.","start":2809.227,"end":2821.178,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2809.227,"end":2809.436},{"text":"particularly","start":2809.886,"end":2810.496},{"text":"in","start":2810.673,"end":2810.817},{"text":"light","start":2810.833,"end":2811.251},{"text":"of","start":2811.251,"end":2811.347},{"text":"the","start":2811.347,"end":2811.428},{"text":"need","start":2811.428,"end":2811.813},{"text":"to","start":2811.813,"end":2811.974},{"text":"ensure","start":2811.974,"end":2812.407},{"text":"that","start":2812.616,"end":2812.761},{"text":"the","start":2812.761,"end":2812.857},{"text":"Council","start":2812.857,"end":2813.452},{"text":"is","start":2813.757,"end":2813.869},{"text":"able","start":2814.046,"end":2814.303},{"text":"to","start":2814.303,"end":2814.512},{"text":"effectively","start":2814.544,"end":2815.235},{"text":"carry","start":2815.267,"end":2815.556},{"text":"out","start":2815.733,"end":2815.925},{"text":"its","start":2816.23,"end":2816.327},{"text":"primary","start":2816.391,"end":2816.841},{"text":"responsibility","start":2816.873,"end":2817.724},{"text":"for","start":2818.142,"end":2818.238},{"text":"the","start":2818.238,"end":2818.303},{"text":"maintenance","start":2818.303,"end":2818.961},{"text":"of","start":2818.977,"end":2819.058},{"text":"international","start":2819.186,"end":2819.861},{"text":"peace","start":2820.005,"end":2820.359},{"text":"and","start":2820.487,"end":2820.551},{"text":"security.","start":2820.583,"end":2821.178}]},{"text":"The Benelux would be interested in further exploring avenues for limiting the use of the veto as a basis for broader consensus on veto reform.","start":2822.093,"end":2830.688,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2822.093,"end":2822.238},{"text":"Benelux","start":2822.238,"end":2822.736},{"text":"would","start":2822.8,"end":2822.897},{"text":"be","start":2822.897,"end":2823.041},{"text":"interested","start":2823.121,"end":2823.635},{"text":"in","start":2823.716,"end":2823.764},{"text":"further","start":2823.844,"end":2824.39},{"text":"exploring","start":2824.423,"end":2824.953},{"text":"avenues","start":2825.129,"end":2825.595},{"text":"for","start":2825.691,"end":2825.772},{"text":"limiting","start":2825.868,"end":2826.238},{"text":"the","start":2826.334,"end":2826.414},{"text":"use","start":2826.414,"end":2826.671},{"text":"of","start":2826.671,"end":2828.567},{"text":"the","start":2826.72,"end":2826.768},{"text":"veto","start":2826.816,"end":2827.105},{"text":"as","start":2827.78,"end":2827.844},{"text":"a","start":2827.892,"end":2827.909},{"text":"basis","start":2827.957,"end":2828.375},{"text":"for","start":2828.519,"end":2828.744},{"text":"broader","start":2828.744,"end":2829.082},{"text":"consensus","start":2829.082,"end":2829.676},{"text":"on","start":2829.805,"end":2829.853},{"text":"veto","start":2829.965,"end":2830.206},{"text":"reform.","start":2830.206,"end":2830.688}]},{"text":"This could, inter alia, include the codification of a code of conduct for the voluntary limitation of the use of the veto, as well as the consideration of a qualifying mechanism.","start":2831.476,"end":2843.221,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. 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Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":2866.157,"end":2866.349},{"text":"Chair,","start":2866.414,"end":2866.686},{"text":"Madam","start":2866.831,"end":2867.151},{"text":"Chair,","start":2867.199,"end":2867.392},{"text":"the","start":2868.001,"end":2868.097},{"text":"Benelux","start":2868.097,"end":2868.498},{"text":"countries","start":2868.498,"end":2868.867},{"text":"remain","start":2869.044,"end":2869.348},{"text":"fully","start":2869.364,"end":2869.749},{"text":"committed","start":2869.765,"end":2870.23},{"text":"to","start":2870.327,"end":2870.423},{"text":"a","start":2870.423,"end":2870.503},{"text":"reform","start":2870.503,"end":2870.952},{"text":"that","start":2871.145,"end":2871.321},{"text":"makes","start":2871.321,"end":2871.626},{"text":"the","start":2871.626,"end":2871.706},{"text":"Security","start":2871.706,"end":2872.235},{"text":"Council","start":2872.267,"end":2872.732},{"text":"more","start":2873.069,"end":2873.181},{"text":"inclusive,","start":2873.229,"end":2873.839},{"text":"representative,","start":2874.272,"end":2875.042},{"text":"transparent,","start":2875.394,"end":2876.228},{"text":"accountable,","start":2876.597,"end":2877.383},{"text":"legitimate,","start":2877.72,"end":2878.297},{"text":"and","start":2878.749,"end":2878.894},{"text":"effective.","start":2879.265,"end":2879.734}]},{"text":"You can count on our constructive engagement as we continue this important work.","start":2880.283,"end":2884.886,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":2880.283,"end":2880.348},{"text":"can","start":2880.364,"end":2880.477},{"text":"count","start":2880.541,"end":2880.945},{"text":"on","start":2880.945,"end":2880.994},{"text":"our","start":2881.042,"end":2881.187},{"text":"constructive","start":2881.187,"end":2881.753},{"text":"engagement","start":2881.753,"end":2882.528},{"text":"as","start":2882.576,"end":2882.689},{"text":"we","start":2882.722,"end":2882.802},{"text":"continue","start":2882.802,"end":2883.239},{"text":"this","start":2883.529,"end":2883.642},{"text":"important","start":2883.868,"end":2884.579},{"text":"work.","start":2884.579,"end":2884.886}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":2885.128,"end":2885.516,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2885.128,"end":2885.144},{"text":"thank","start":2885.225,"end":2885.451},{"text":"you.","start":2885.451,"end":2885.516}]},{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Belgium.","start":2886.97,"end":2889.991,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2886.97,"end":2887.002},{"text":"thank","start":2887.002,"end":2887.347},{"text":"the","start":2887.396,"end":2887.478},{"text":"distinguished","start":2887.478,"end":2888.053},{"text":"representative","start":2888.053,"end":2889.12},{"text":"of","start":2889.12,"end":2889.202},{"text":"Belgium.","start":2889.531,"end":2889.991}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the Kingdom of Bahrain.","start":2894.853,"end":2897.737,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2894.853,"end":2894.903},{"text":"now","start":2894.952,"end":2895.116},{"text":"give","start":2895.263,"end":2895.394},{"text":"the","start":2895.443,"end":2895.525},{"text":"floor","start":2895.574,"end":2895.853},{"text":"to","start":2896.148,"end":2896.41},{"text":"the","start":2896.475,"end":2896.639},{"text":"Kingdom","start":2896.639,"end":2897.131},{"text":"of","start":2897.147,"end":2897.278},{"text":"Bahrain.","start":2897.311,"end":2897.737}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"BEL","affiliation_full":"Belgium","group":"Benelux","function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":17,"start":2904.406,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=2905","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"It is my pleasure to deliver this statement on behalf of the Arab 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appreciation","start":2910.25,"end":2912.586,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2910.25,"end":2910.346},{"text":"express","start":2910.378,"end":2910.862},{"text":"our","start":2911.716,"end":2911.893},{"text":"appreciation","start":2911.893,"end":2912.586}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IGN","affiliation_full":"IGN","group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":18,"start":2912.619,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=2913","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"to His Excellency Ambassador Tarek Al-Banai, Permanent Representative of the State of Kuwait, and Her Excellency Ambassador Liz Van Heren, Permanent Representative of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, for their laudable management of the IGN deliberations and for preserving the momentum of these very important 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co-chairs, the Arab Group stresses that the issue of the veto is closely linked to the issue of just representation.","start":2934.178,"end":2946.364,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. 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Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."},{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":2946.621,"end":2946.765},{"text":"attempt","start":2946.797,"end":2947.118},{"text":"to","start":2947.118,"end":2947.199},{"text":"tackle","start":2947.199,"end":2947.6},{"text":"it,","start":2947.6,"end":2947.761},{"text":"therefore,","start":2947.905,"end":2948.258},{"text":"must","start":2948.387,"end":2948.595},{"text":"be","start":2948.644,"end":2948.788},{"text":"based","start":2948.788,"end":2949.189},{"text":"on","start":2949.205,"end":2949.286},{"text":"the","start":2949.286,"end":2949.43},{"text":"principle","start":2949.43,"end":2950.04},{"text":"of","start":2950.153,"end":2950.313},{"text":"equality","start":2950.891,"end":2951.501},{"text":"amongst","start":2951.614,"end":2952.176},{"text":"members","start":2952.24,"end":2952.705},{"text":"and","start":2952.882,"end":2952.962},{"text":"must","start":2953.043,"end":2953.235},{"text":"address","start":2953.283,"end":2953.653},{"text":"the","start":2953.701,"end":2953.781},{"text":"structural","start":2953.781,"end":2954.343},{"text":"imbalances","start":2954.343,"end":2955.162},{"text":"within","start":2955.21,"end":2955.435},{"text":"the","start":2955.467,"end":2955.547},{"text":"composition","start":2955.547,"end":2956.157},{"text":"of","start":2956.27,"end":2956.366},{"text":"the","start":2956.414,"end":2956.494},{"text":"Council.","start":2956.494,"end":2956.719}]},{"text":"As for proposals to establish a new category of permanent members without the right to the veto, we consider that this approach raises serious concerns on the entrenchment of a two-tiered hierarchy within the permanent membership category.","start":2957.463,"end":2974.684,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":2957.463,"end":2957.527},{"text":"for","start":2957.624,"end":2957.754},{"text":"proposals","start":2957.802,"end":2958.417},{"text":"to","start":2958.514,"end":2958.546},{"text":"establish","start":2958.579,"end":2959.096},{"text":"a","start":2959.096,"end":2959.112},{"text":"new","start":2959.112,"end":2959.371},{"text":"category","start":2959.484,"end":2960.034},{"text":"of","start":2960.714,"end":2960.778},{"text":"permanent","start":2960.875,"end":2961.506},{"text":"members","start":2961.506,"end":2961.894},{"text":"without","start":2962.234,"end":2962.735},{"text":"the","start":2962.962,"end":2963.059},{"text":"right","start":2963.059,"end":2963.285},{"text":"to","start":2963.625,"end":2963.738},{"text":"the","start":2963.851,"end":2963.948},{"text":"veto,","start":2963.948,"end":2964.45},{"text":"we","start":2965.145,"end":2965.307},{"text":"consider","start":2965.307,"end":2965.905},{"text":"that","start":2965.97,"end":2966.148},{"text":"this","start":2966.213,"end":2966.326},{"text":"approach","start":2966.456,"end":2966.877},{"text":"raises","start":2967.088,"end":2967.38},{"text":"serious","start":2967.38,"end":2967.947},{"text":"concerns","start":2968.076,"end":2968.692},{"text":"on","start":2968.951,"end":2969.097},{"text":"the","start":2969.13,"end":2969.194},{"text":"entrenchment","start":2969.211,"end":2969.924},{"text":"of","start":2970.005,"end":2970.118},{"text":"a","start":2970.118,"end":2970.248},{"text":"two-tiered","start":2970.248,"end":2970.896},{"text":"hierarchy","start":2970.977,"end":2971.722},{"text":"within","start":2971.965,"end":2972.241},{"text":"the","start":2972.597,"end":2972.695},{"text":"permanent","start":2972.695,"end":2973.391},{"text":"membership","start":2973.505,"end":2974.088},{"text":"category.","start":2974.152,"end":2974.684}]},{"text":"To address such concerns, we reiterate that any expansion within the permanent membership.","start":2976.424,"end":2982.835,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":2976.424,"end":2976.488},{"text":"address","start":2976.488,"end":2976.907},{"text":"such","start":2977.068,"end":2977.261},{"text":"concerns,","start":2977.374,"end":2977.954},{"text":"we","start":2978.421,"end":2978.663},{"text":"reiterate","start":2978.985,"end":2979.662},{"text":"that","start":2979.855,"end":2980.032},{"text":"any","start":2980.096,"end":2980.241},{"text":"expansion","start":2980.29,"end":2981.047},{"text":"within","start":2981.224,"end":2981.53},{"text":"the","start":2981.643,"end":2981.788},{"text":"permanent","start":2981.788,"end":2982.287},{"text":"membership.","start":2982.287,"end":2982.835}]},{"text":"Must be based on full equality of rights and privileges so as to prevent the entrenchment of long-term imbalances.","start":2983.363,"end":2993.611,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"Must","start":2983.363,"end":2983.62},{"text":"be","start":2983.668,"end":2983.765},{"text":"based","start":2983.765,"end":2984.247},{"text":"on","start":2984.391,"end":2984.52},{"text":"full","start":2984.809,"end":2985.307},{"text":"equality","start":2985.307,"end":2985.981},{"text":"of","start":2986.319,"end":2986.383},{"text":"rights","start":2986.479,"end":2986.897},{"text":"and","start":2987.122,"end":2987.186},{"text":"privileges","start":2987.443,"end":2988.23},{"text":"so","start":2988.841,"end":2989.242},{"text":"as","start":2989.371,"end":2989.435},{"text":"to","start":2989.724,"end":2989.836},{"text":"prevent","start":2989.853,"end":2990.399},{"text":"the","start":2990.511,"end":2990.656},{"text":"entrenchment","start":2990.672,"end":2991.475},{"text":"of","start":2991.7,"end":2991.844},{"text":"long-term","start":2992.198,"end":2992.888},{"text":"imbalances.","start":2992.92,"end":2993.611}]},{"text":"As for the extension of the right of the veto to new permanent members, we consider that if the veto is to remain, the principle of equality requires that new permanent members acquire the same privileges, including the right to the veto.","start":2994.912,"end":3014.268,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":2994.912,"end":2995.057},{"text":"for","start":2995.169,"end":2995.346},{"text":"the","start":2995.474,"end":2995.523},{"text":"extension","start":2995.571,"end":2996.181},{"text":"of","start":2996.358,"end":2996.519},{"text":"the","start":2996.519,"end":2996.615},{"text":"right","start":2996.615,"end":2997.016},{"text":"of","start":2997.016,"end":2997.097},{"text":"the","start":2997.097,"end":2997.241},{"text":"veto","start":2997.241,"end":2997.739},{"text":"to","start":2997.804,"end":2997.98},{"text":"new","start":2998.061,"end":2998.157},{"text":"permanent","start":2998.302,"end":2998.848},{"text":"members,","start":2998.848,"end":2999.233},{"text":"we","start":2999.811,"end":2999.988},{"text":"consider","start":2999.988,"end":3000.582},{"text":"that","start":3000.711,"end":3001.161},{"text":"if","start":3001.659,"end":3001.803},{"text":"the","start":3002.237,"end":3002.317},{"text":"veto","start":3002.317,"end":3002.783},{"text":"is","start":3002.944,"end":3003.008},{"text":"to","start":3003.104,"end":3003.201},{"text":"remain,","start":3003.201,"end":3003.65},{"text":"the","start":3004.164,"end":3004.245},{"text":"principle","start":3004.309,"end":3004.903},{"text":"of","start":3005.112,"end":3005.337},{"text":"equality","start":3005.851,"end":3006.461},{"text":"requires","start":3006.574,"end":3007.184},{"text":"that","start":3007.441,"end":3007.634},{"text":"new","start":3007.762,"end":3007.875},{"text":"permanent","start":3008.019,"end":3008.855},{"text":"members","start":3008.742,"end":3009.353},{"text":"acquire","start":3009.69,"end":3010.22},{"text":"the","start":3010.67,"end":3010.75},{"text":"same","start":3010.75,"end":3011.12},{"text":"privileges,","start":3011.457,"end":3012.003},{"text":"including","start":3012.18,"end":3012.726},{"text":"the","start":3012.919,"end":3012.999},{"text":"right","start":3013.063,"end":3013.32},{"text":"to","start":3013.32,"end":3013.529},{"text":"the","start":3013.706,"end":3013.738},{"text":"veto.","start":3013.738,"end":3014.268}]},{"text":"We consider that this extension must be made within a comprehensive and balanced reform that takes into account the responsibilities of the Council in the maintenance of international peace and security, so as to at the same time prevent any reduction of its effectiveness.","start":3014.991,"end":3034.089,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."},{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3014.991,"end":3015.151},{"text":"consider","start":3015.151,"end":3015.713},{"text":"that","start":3015.73,"end":3015.858},{"text":"this","start":3015.89,"end":3016.003},{"text":"extension","start":3016.147,"end":3016.822},{"text":"must","start":3017.657,"end":3018.075},{"text":"be","start":3018.075,"end":3018.203},{"text":"made","start":3018.203,"end":3018.669},{"text":"within","start":3018.781,"end":3019.055},{"text":"a","start":3019.344,"end":3019.36},{"text":"comprehensive","start":3019.488,"end":3020.436},{"text":"and","start":3020.629,"end":3020.693},{"text":"balanced","start":3020.789,"end":3021.351},{"text":"reform","start":3021.351,"end":3021.849},{"text":"that","start":3021.994,"end":3022.155},{"text":"takes","start":3022.155,"end":3022.62},{"text":"into","start":3022.636,"end":3022.829},{"text":"account","start":3022.861,"end":3023.44},{"text":"the","start":3023.745,"end":3023.809},{"text":"responsibilities","start":3023.825,"end":3024.693},{"text":"of","start":3024.789,"end":3024.853},{"text":"the","start":3024.885,"end":3024.966},{"text":"Council","start":3024.966,"end":3025.56},{"text":"in","start":3025.688,"end":3025.737},{"text":"the","start":3025.769,"end":3025.865},{"text":"maintenance","start":3025.865,"end":3026.411},{"text":"of","start":3026.411,"end":3026.508},{"text":"international","start":3026.556,"end":3027.279},{"text":"peace","start":3027.279,"end":3027.423},{"text":"and","start":3027.536,"end":3027.616},{"text":"security,","start":3027.616,"end":3028.178},{"text":"so","start":3028.258,"end":3028.483},{"text":"as","start":3028.564,"end":3028.708},{"text":"to","start":3028.805,"end":3029.046},{"text":"at","start":3029.062,"end":3029.19},{"text":"the","start":3029.222,"end":3029.303},{"text":"same","start":3029.303,"end":3029.624},{"text":"time","start":3029.624,"end":3029.929},{"text":"prevent","start":3030.347,"end":3030.973},{"text":"any","start":3031.053,"end":3031.278},{"text":"reduction","start":3032.178,"end":3032.644},{"text":"of","start":3032.917,"end":3033.013},{"text":"its","start":3033.077,"end":3033.206},{"text":"effectiveness.","start":3033.415,"end":3034.089}]},{"text":"As for constraints on the use of veto as a basis for broader consensus, the Arab Group considers that that regulating the use of the veto may constitute a prelude to broader consensus, provided that that be based on the principle of non-discrimination between current and new permanent members.","start":3035.952,"end":3057.13,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."},{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":3035.952,"end":3036.096},{"text":"for","start":3036.209,"end":3036.466},{"text":"constraints","start":3036.835,"end":3037.509},{"text":"on","start":3037.638,"end":3037.702},{"text":"the","start":3037.734,"end":3037.814},{"text":"use","start":3037.879,"end":3038.135},{"text":"of","start":3038.2,"end":3038.264},{"text":"veto","start":3038.296,"end":3038.842},{"text":"as","start":3038.922,"end":3038.986},{"text":"a","start":3039.035,"end":3039.099},{"text":"basis","start":3039.099,"end":3039.5},{"text":"for","start":3039.5,"end":3039.629},{"text":"broader","start":3039.725,"end":3040.143},{"text":"consensus,","start":3040.143,"end":3040.833},{"text":"the","start":3041.026,"end":3041.106},{"text":"Arab","start":3041.17,"end":3041.347},{"text":"Group","start":3041.347,"end":3041.588},{"text":"considers","start":3041.588,"end":3042.118},{"text":"that","start":3042.551,"end":3042.808},{"text":"that","start":3043.338,"end":3043.611},{"text":"regulating","start":3043.611,"end":3044.205},{"text":"the","start":3044.558,"end":3044.719},{"text":"use","start":3044.719,"end":3044.927},{"text":"of","start":3045.04,"end":3045.136},{"text":"the","start":3045.136,"end":3045.265},{"text":"veto","start":3045.265,"end":3045.602},{"text":"may","start":3045.843,"end":3046.067},{"text":"constitute","start":3046.067,"end":3046.71},{"text":"a","start":3046.742,"end":3046.758},{"text":"prelude","start":3046.87,"end":3047.496},{"text":"to","start":3047.529,"end":3047.657},{"text":"broader","start":3047.753,"end":3048.251},{"text":"consensus,","start":3048.251,"end":3049.054},{"text":"provided","start":3049.536,"end":3050.21},{"text":"that","start":3050.419,"end":3050.965},{"text":"that","start":3051.206,"end":3051.479},{"text":"be","start":3051.479,"end":3051.623},{"text":"based","start":3051.623,"end":3052.089},{"text":"on","start":3052.089,"end":3052.153},{"text":"the","start":3052.185,"end":3052.265},{"text":"principle","start":3052.265,"end":3052.892},{"text":"of","start":3052.892,"end":3053.036},{"text":"non-discrimination","start":3053.132,"end":3054.16},{"text":"between","start":3054.433,"end":3054.883},{"text":"current","start":3055.236,"end":3055.782},{"text":"and","start":3055.798,"end":3055.862},{"text":"new","start":3055.958,"end":3056.055},{"text":"permanent","start":3056.199,"end":3056.681},{"text":"members.","start":3056.681,"end":3057.13}]},{"text":"In this regard, we might.","start":3057.805,"end":3059.571,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3057.805,"end":3057.837},{"text":"this","start":3057.949,"end":3058.062},{"text":"regard,","start":3058.126,"end":3058.608},{"text":"we","start":3059.089,"end":3059.25},{"text":"might.","start":3059.25,"end":3059.571}]},{"text":"Consider accountability and transparency measures, measures such as voluntary restraint of the use of veto in under certain circumstances, namely when violations are committed and when those lead to the undermining of international peace and security and curtail the credibility of the Council and its ability to shoulder its responsibilities.","start":3060.35,"end":3085.339,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"Consider","start":3060.35,"end":3060.85},{"text":"accountability","start":3062.304,"end":3063.095},{"text":"and","start":3063.192,"end":3063.272},{"text":"transparency","start":3063.289,"end":3064.064},{"text":"measures,","start":3064.096,"end":3064.387},{"text":"measures","start":3064.597,"end":3064.952},{"text":"such","start":3065.323,"end":3065.695},{"text":"as","start":3065.872,"end":3065.921},{"text":"voluntary","start":3066.034,"end":3066.648},{"text":"restraint","start":3066.744,"end":3067.245},{"text":"of","start":3067.245,"end":3067.374},{"text":"the","start":3067.39,"end":3067.471},{"text":"use","start":3067.471,"end":3067.73},{"text":"of","start":3067.794,"end":3067.859},{"text":"veto","start":3067.94,"end":3068.374},{"text":"in","start":3068.84,"end":3068.904},{"text":"under","start":3069.161,"end":3069.579},{"text":"certain","start":3069.74,"end":3070.03},{"text":"circumstances,","start":3070.126,"end":3070.994},{"text":"namely","start":3071.203,"end":3071.798},{"text":"when","start":3074.885,"end":3074.997},{"text":"violations","start":3075.431,"end":3076.139},{"text":"are","start":3076.171,"end":3076.267},{"text":"committed","start":3076.3,"end":3076.832},{"text":"and","start":3078.091,"end":3078.172},{"text":"when","start":3078.188,"end":3078.398},{"text":"those","start":3078.414,"end":3078.721},{"text":"lead","start":3078.818,"end":3079.044},{"text":"to","start":3079.076,"end":3079.189},{"text":"the","start":3079.415,"end":3079.56},{"text":"undermining","start":3079.56,"end":3080.093},{"text":"of","start":3080.125,"end":3080.206},{"text":"international","start":3080.206,"end":3080.835},{"text":"peace","start":3080.835,"end":3081.013},{"text":"and","start":3081.013,"end":3081.174},{"text":"security","start":3081.174,"end":3081.788},{"text":"and","start":3081.884,"end":3081.949},{"text":"curtail","start":3081.981,"end":3082.482},{"text":"the","start":3082.627,"end":3082.708},{"text":"credibility","start":3082.772,"end":3083.402},{"text":"of","start":3083.434,"end":3083.531},{"text":"the","start":3083.531,"end":3083.595},{"text":"Council","start":3083.66,"end":3084.08},{"text":"and","start":3084.08,"end":3084.177},{"text":"its","start":3084.177,"end":3084.338},{"text":"ability","start":3084.338,"end":3084.645},{"text":"to","start":3084.645,"end":3084.709},{"text":"shoulder","start":3084.709,"end":3084.871},{"text":"its","start":3084.871,"end":3084.968},{"text":"responsibilities.","start":3084.968,"end":3085.339}]},{"text":"Responsibilities.","start":3085.44,"end":3086.323,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Responsibilities.","start":3085.44,"end":3086.323}]},{"text":"As for qualifying mechanisms, the Arab Group considers that any mechanism of such sort must strike a delicate balance between the prerogatives of permanent members and the accountability of the member— of the Council before the wider membership.","start":3087.142,"end":3103.72,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. 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would now like to add a few points in my national capacity.","start":3224.847,"end":3228.171,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3224.847,"end":3224.895},{"text":"would","start":3224.927,"end":3225.104},{"text":"now","start":3225.104,"end":3225.265},{"text":"like","start":3225.425,"end":3225.73},{"text":"to","start":3225.73,"end":3225.907},{"text":"add","start":3225.907,"end":3226.148},{"text":"a","start":3226.148,"end":3226.164},{"text":"few","start":3226.228,"end":3226.437},{"text":"points","start":3226.453,"end":3226.854},{"text":"in","start":3226.854,"end":3226.886},{"text":"my","start":3226.886,"end":3227.031},{"text":"national","start":3227.191,"end":3227.561},{"text":"capacity.","start":3227.593,"end":3228.171}]},{"text":"At the outset, I wish to recall in September 2024, our leaders adopted the Pact for the Future, establishing clear and common principles in Action 39 for reformed Security Council.","start":3229.343,"end":3243.184,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":3229.343,"end":3229.391},{"text":"the","start":3229.423,"end":3229.471},{"text":"outset,","start":3229.503,"end":3230.098},{"text":"I","start":3230.387,"end":3230.435},{"text":"wish","start":3230.483,"end":3230.66},{"text":"to","start":3230.804,"end":3230.965},{"text":"recall","start":3230.965,"end":3231.334},{"text":"in","start":3231.671,"end":3231.896},{"text":"September","start":3232.008,"end":3232.57},{"text":"2024,","start":3232.57,"end":3233.55},{"text":"our","start":3234.24,"end":3234.353},{"text":"leaders","start":3234.353,"end":3234.786},{"text":"adopted","start":3235.059,"end":3235.541},{"text":"the","start":3235.541,"end":3235.766},{"text":"Pact","start":3235.766,"end":3236.087},{"text":"for","start":3236.087,"end":3236.199},{"text":"the","start":3236.199,"end":3236.328},{"text":"Future,","start":3236.328,"end":3236.841},{"text":"establishing","start":3237.403,"end":3238.078},{"text":"clear","start":3238.254,"end":3238.463},{"text":"and","start":3238.511,"end":3238.816},{"text":"common","start":3238.816,"end":3239.154},{"text":"principles","start":3239.154,"end":3239.683},{"text":"in","start":3239.796,"end":3239.924},{"text":"Action","start":3240.037,"end":3240.326},{"text":"39","start":3240.422,"end":3240.968},{"text":"for","start":3241.482,"end":3241.723},{"text":"reformed","start":3241.723,"end":3242.188},{"text":"Security","start":3242.188,"end":3242.574},{"text":"Council.","start":3242.606,"end":3243.184}]},{"text":"detailing that it must be more efficient, effective, representative, democratic, and accountable.","start":3244.26,"end":3252.065,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"detailing","start":3244.26,"end":3244.742},{"text":"that","start":3244.839,"end":3245.128},{"text":"it","start":3245.257,"end":3245.322},{"text":"must","start":3245.322,"end":3245.676},{"text":"be","start":3245.74,"end":3245.901},{"text":"more","start":3245.901,"end":3246.094},{"text":"efficient,","start":3246.85,"end":3247.639},{"text":"effective,","start":3247.848,"end":3248.443},{"text":"representative,","start":3248.878,"end":3249.892},{"text":"democratic,","start":3250.149,"end":3250.889},{"text":"and","start":3251.034,"end":3251.163},{"text":"accountable.","start":3251.372,"end":3252.065}]},{"text":"First, expanding the veto— expanding the veto fundamentally contradicts the principle of an effective and efficient council.","start":3253.626,"end":3263.212,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."},{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":3253.626,"end":3254.045},{"text":"expanding","start":3254.689,"end":3255.204},{"text":"the","start":3255.72,"end":3255.8},{"text":"veto—","start":3255.8,"end":3256.283},{"text":"expanding","start":3256.686,"end":3257.137},{"text":"the","start":3257.169,"end":3257.249},{"text":"veto","start":3257.249,"end":3257.813},{"text":"fundamentally","start":3258.054,"end":3258.747},{"text":"contradicts","start":3258.843,"end":3259.632},{"text":"the","start":3259.665,"end":3259.745},{"text":"principle","start":3259.745,"end":3260.421},{"text":"of","start":3260.711,"end":3260.792},{"text":"an","start":3260.872,"end":3260.921},{"text":"effective","start":3261.098,"end":3261.647},{"text":"and","start":3261.824,"end":3262.05},{"text":"efficient","start":3262.163,"end":3262.647},{"text":"council.","start":3262.647,"end":3263.212}]},{"text":"From 1946 through the end of 2025, the veto was wielded 310 times.","start":3264.18,"end":3270.359,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"From","start":3264.18,"end":3264.406},{"text":"1946","start":3264.502,"end":3265.696},{"text":"through","start":3265.696,"end":3265.89},{"text":"the","start":3265.89,"end":3266.116},{"text":"end","start":3266.18,"end":3266.438},{"text":"of","start":3266.438,"end":3266.664},{"text":"2025,","start":3266.68,"end":3267.697},{"text":"the","start":3268.213,"end":3268.31},{"text":"veto","start":3268.31,"end":3268.616},{"text":"was","start":3268.681,"end":3268.907},{"text":"wielded","start":3269.1,"end":3269.826},{"text":"310","start":3269.826,"end":3270.278},{"text":"times.","start":3270.278,"end":3270.359}]},{"text":"many times.","start":3270.45,"end":3271.097,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"many","start":3270.45,"end":3270.611},{"text":"times.","start":3270.644,"end":3271.097}]},{"text":"Decades of practice demonstrate that a single veto is enough to prevent the Council from effectively fulfilling its primary mandate.","start":3272.084,"end":3281.382,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"Decades","start":3272.084,"end":3272.504},{"text":"of","start":3272.504,"end":3272.634},{"text":"practice","start":3272.747,"end":3273.249},{"text":"demonstrate","start":3273.459,"end":3274.106},{"text":"that","start":3274.106,"end":3274.333},{"text":"a","start":3274.592,"end":3274.624},{"text":"single","start":3274.624,"end":3275.093},{"text":"veto","start":3275.093,"end":3275.352},{"text":"is","start":3275.676,"end":3275.789},{"text":"enough","start":3275.902,"end":3276.21},{"text":"to","start":3276.226,"end":3276.388},{"text":"prevent","start":3276.388,"end":3276.808},{"text":"the","start":3276.857,"end":3277.019},{"text":"Council","start":3277.019,"end":3278.006},{"text":"from","start":3278.006,"end":3278.345},{"text":"effectively","start":3278.912,"end":3279.462},{"text":"fulfilling","start":3279.462,"end":3279.994},{"text":"its","start":3280.172,"end":3280.301},{"text":"primary","start":3280.43,"end":3280.994},{"text":"mandate.","start":3280.994,"end":3281.382}]},{"text":"Increasing the number of veto-improwing members will not neutralize existing ones.","start":3283.092,"end":3288.061,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."},{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"Increasing","start":3283.092,"end":3283.544},{"text":"the","start":3283.576,"end":3283.673},{"text":"number","start":3283.673,"end":3283.979},{"text":"of","start":3284.044,"end":3284.189},{"text":"veto-improwing","start":3284.221,"end":3284.996},{"text":"members","start":3285.189,"end":3285.641},{"text":"will","start":3285.899,"end":3286.093},{"text":"not","start":3286.109,"end":3286.318},{"text":"neutralize","start":3286.318,"end":3287.206},{"text":"existing","start":3287.206,"end":3287.738},{"text":"ones.","start":3287.77,"end":3288.061}]},{"text":"It will simply institutionalize further paralysis of the Security Council.","start":3288.271,"end":3293.253,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3288.271,"end":3289.11},{"text":"will","start":3289.11,"end":3289.24},{"text":"simply","start":3289.24,"end":3289.695},{"text":"institutionalize","start":3289.857,"end":3290.816},{"text":"further","start":3290.93,"end":3291.222},{"text":"paralysis","start":3291.32,"end":3291.937},{"text":"of","start":3292.051,"end":3292.148},{"text":"the","start":3292.148,"end":3292.246},{"text":"Security","start":3292.246,"end":3292.717},{"text":"Council.","start":3292.717,"end":3293.253}]},{"text":"Second, The expansion of the veto is difficult to reconcile with the principles of an accountable, representative, and democratic Council.","start":3294.602,"end":3303.931,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."},{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":3294.602,"end":3295.041},{"text":"The","start":3295.98,"end":3296.06},{"text":"expansion","start":3296.06,"end":3296.558},{"text":"of","start":3296.558,"end":3296.67},{"text":"the","start":3296.67,"end":3296.815},{"text":"veto","start":3296.815,"end":3297.056},{"text":"is","start":3297.056,"end":3297.184},{"text":"difficult","start":3297.297,"end":3297.955},{"text":"to","start":3298.003,"end":3298.116},{"text":"reconcile","start":3298.196,"end":3298.999},{"text":"with","start":3299.047,"end":3299.208},{"text":"the","start":3299.208,"end":3299.304},{"text":"principles","start":3299.304,"end":3299.835},{"text":"of","start":3299.947,"end":3300.124},{"text":"an","start":3300.124,"end":3300.236},{"text":"accountable,","start":3300.349,"end":3301.168},{"text":"representative,","start":3301.553,"end":3302.437},{"text":"and","start":3302.581,"end":3302.726},{"text":"democratic","start":3302.822,"end":3303.4},{"text":"Council.","start":3303.4,"end":3303.931}]},{"text":"By its very nature, the veto is a prerogative that may limit the transparency and accountability expected by the wider membership.","start":3305.071,"end":3315.464,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"By","start":3305.071,"end":3305.199},{"text":"its","start":3305.392,"end":3305.649},{"text":"very","start":3305.649,"end":3305.906},{"text":"nature,","start":3305.906,"end":3306.404},{"text":"the","start":3307.4,"end":3307.577},{"text":"veto","start":3307.577,"end":3307.882},{"text":"is","start":3307.898,"end":3308.107},{"text":"a","start":3308.444,"end":3308.605},{"text":"prerogative","start":3308.605,"end":3309.552},{"text":"that","start":3309.585,"end":3309.713},{"text":"may","start":3309.826,"end":3310.05},{"text":"limit","start":3310.066,"end":3310.468},{"text":"the","start":3310.468,"end":3310.548},{"text":"transparency","start":3310.725,"end":3311.641},{"text":"and","start":3311.817,"end":3312.058},{"text":"accountability","start":3312.058,"end":3313.086},{"text":"expected","start":3313.456,"end":3314.162},{"text":"by","start":3314.162,"end":3314.387},{"text":"the","start":3314.387,"end":3314.548},{"text":"wider","start":3314.548,"end":3314.885},{"text":"membership.","start":3314.885,"end":3315.464}]},{"text":"True accountability cannot rely on the voluntary stand of a few states.","start":3316.957,"end":3321.535,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"True","start":3316.957,"end":3317.166},{"text":"accountability","start":3317.295,"end":3318.275},{"text":"cannot","start":3318.323,"end":3318.74},{"text":"rely","start":3318.74,"end":3319.094},{"text":"on","start":3319.286,"end":3319.351},{"text":"the","start":3319.463,"end":3319.624},{"text":"voluntary","start":3319.624,"end":3320.154},{"text":"stand","start":3320.202,"end":3320.732},{"text":"of","start":3320.732,"end":3320.845},{"text":"a","start":3320.845,"end":3321.021},{"text":"few","start":3321.053,"end":3321.182},{"text":"states.","start":3321.23,"end":3321.535}]},{"text":"Third, expanding the veto runs counter to the prevailing global trends among the vast majority of member states toward restricting, restricting the use of the veto.","start":3323.23,"end":3334.399,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."},{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":3323.23,"end":3323.471},{"text":"expanding","start":3324.163,"end":3324.678},{"text":"the","start":3324.711,"end":3324.791},{"text":"veto","start":3324.791,"end":3325.113},{"text":"runs","start":3325.113,"end":3325.725},{"text":"counter","start":3325.821,"end":3326.385},{"text":"to","start":3326.385,"end":3326.562},{"text":"the","start":3326.562,"end":3326.723},{"text":"prevailing","start":3326.723,"end":3327.335},{"text":"global","start":3327.367,"end":3327.769},{"text":"trends","start":3327.769,"end":3328.139},{"text":"among","start":3328.494,"end":3328.703},{"text":"the","start":3328.735,"end":3328.848},{"text":"vast","start":3328.896,"end":3329.234},{"text":"majority","start":3329.282,"end":3329.669},{"text":"of","start":3329.717,"end":3329.91},{"text":"member","start":3329.926,"end":3330.2},{"text":"states","start":3330.2,"end":3330.651},{"text":"toward","start":3330.651,"end":3331.391},{"text":"restricting,","start":3331.537,"end":3332.006},{"text":"restricting","start":3332.604,"end":3333.138},{"text":"the","start":3333.17,"end":3333.251},{"text":"use","start":3333.477,"end":3333.688},{"text":"of","start":3333.801,"end":3333.898},{"text":"the","start":3333.898,"end":3333.979},{"text":"veto.","start":3333.979,"end":3334.399}]},{"text":"We have seen broad support for veto restraint, as demonstrated by the consensus adoption of Liechtenstein-led Resolution 76/262, widely known as the Veto Initiative.","start":3335.515,"end":3350.753,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3335.515,"end":3335.661},{"text":"have","start":3335.661,"end":3335.887},{"text":"seen","start":3335.904,"end":3336.211},{"text":"broad","start":3336.243,"end":3336.518},{"text":"support","start":3336.55,"end":3337.117},{"text":"for","start":3337.117,"end":3337.359},{"text":"veto","start":3337.359,"end":3337.618},{"text":"restraint,","start":3337.618,"end":3338.427},{"text":"as","start":3338.896,"end":3338.96},{"text":"demonstrated","start":3339.138,"end":3339.882},{"text":"by","start":3339.882,"end":3340.044},{"text":"the","start":3340.044,"end":3340.206},{"text":"consensus","start":3340.206,"end":3340.772},{"text":"adoption","start":3340.772,"end":3341.314},{"text":"of","start":3341.413,"end":3341.61},{"text":"Liechtenstein-led","start":3341.758,"end":3342.957},{"text":"Resolution","start":3343.088,"end":3343.564},{"text":"76/262,","start":3343.564,"end":3344.977},{"text":"widely","start":3348.487,"end":3348.892},{"text":"known","start":3348.892,"end":3349.183},{"text":"as","start":3349.361,"end":3349.474},{"text":"the","start":3349.523,"end":3349.701},{"text":"Veto","start":3349.701,"end":3350.025},{"text":"Initiative.","start":3350.025,"end":3350.753}]},{"text":"In addition, initiatives calling for voluntary veto restraint in the cases, in the cases of mass atrocities, namely the ACT Code of Conduct and the French-Mexico Political Declaration.","start":3351.481,"end":3365.807,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3351.481,"end":3351.578},{"text":"addition,","start":3351.627,"end":3352.096},{"text":"initiatives","start":3352.436,"end":3353.034},{"text":"calling","start":3353.099,"end":3353.39},{"text":"for","start":3353.423,"end":3353.617},{"text":"voluntary","start":3354.539,"end":3355.009},{"text":"veto","start":3355.122,"end":3355.753},{"text":"restraint","start":3355.769,"end":3356.611},{"text":"in","start":3356.724,"end":3356.821},{"text":"the","start":3356.87,"end":3356.934},{"text":"cases,","start":3356.934,"end":3357.273},{"text":"in","start":3357.644,"end":3357.789},{"text":"the","start":3357.789,"end":3357.869},{"text":"cases","start":3357.869,"end":3358.24},{"text":"of","start":3358.498,"end":3358.692},{"text":"mass","start":3358.756,"end":3358.966},{"text":"atrocities,","start":3359.159,"end":3359.933},{"text":"namely","start":3360.433,"end":3360.82},{"text":"the","start":3360.933,"end":3361.014},{"text":"ACT","start":3361.239,"end":3361.836},{"text":"Code","start":3361.901,"end":3362.142},{"text":"of","start":3362.159,"end":3362.271},{"text":"Conduct","start":3362.304,"end":3363.062},{"text":"and","start":3363.416,"end":3363.481},{"text":"the","start":3363.594,"end":3363.755},{"text":"French-Mexico","start":3363.755,"end":3364.626},{"text":"Political","start":3364.626,"end":3365.063},{"text":"Declaration.","start":3365.111,"end":3365.807}]},{"text":"As a staunch supporter of such collective efforts, the Republic of Korea firmly believes that The broad international support for these mechanisms reflect a clear UN-wide recognition that the veto must be restrained, not expanded.","start":3367.457,"end":3384.182,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":3367.457,"end":3367.619},{"text":"a","start":3367.619,"end":3367.716},{"text":"staunch","start":3367.716,"end":3368.088},{"text":"supporter","start":3368.218,"end":3369.188},{"text":"of","start":3369.253,"end":3369.286},{"text":"such","start":3369.286,"end":3369.544},{"text":"collective","start":3369.803,"end":3370.289},{"text":"efforts,","start":3370.386,"end":3370.758},{"text":"the","start":3371.438,"end":3371.518},{"text":"Republic","start":3371.518,"end":3371.891},{"text":"of","start":3371.907,"end":3371.971},{"text":"Korea","start":3371.988,"end":3372.505},{"text":"firmly","start":3372.554,"end":3372.878},{"text":"believes","start":3372.878,"end":3373.266},{"text":"that","start":3373.363,"end":3373.654},{"text":"The","start":3374.202,"end":3374.299},{"text":"broad","start":3374.299,"end":3374.688},{"text":"international","start":3374.688,"end":3375.271},{"text":"support","start":3375.271,"end":3375.74},{"text":"for","start":3375.74,"end":3375.918},{"text":"these","start":3375.918,"end":3376.128},{"text":"mechanisms","start":3376.485,"end":3377.262},{"text":"reflect","start":3377.375,"end":3377.941},{"text":"a","start":3377.941,"end":3378.103},{"text":"clear","start":3378.103,"end":3378.443},{"text":"UN-wide","start":3378.994,"end":3379.722},{"text":"recognition","start":3379.722,"end":3380.499},{"text":"that","start":3380.612,"end":3380.774},{"text":"the","start":3381.017,"end":3381.179},{"text":"veto","start":3381.179,"end":3381.6},{"text":"must","start":3381.745,"end":3382.069},{"text":"be","start":3382.069,"end":3382.263},{"text":"restrained,","start":3382.28,"end":3382.844},{"text":"not","start":3383.198,"end":3383.44},{"text":"expanded.","start":3383.44,"end":3384.182}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":3385.52,"end":3385.972,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3385.52,"end":3385.778},{"text":"you.","start":3385.778,"end":3385.972}]},{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the Republic of Korea.","start":3388.019,"end":3391.099,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3388.019,"end":3388.068},{"text":"thank","start":3388.18,"end":3388.422},{"text":"the","start":3388.422,"end":3388.519},{"text":"distinguished","start":3388.584,"end":3389.035},{"text":"representative","start":3389.035,"end":3389.825},{"text":"of","start":3389.825,"end":3389.954},{"text":"the","start":3389.954,"end":3390.035},{"text":"Republic","start":3390.035,"end":3390.534},{"text":"of","start":3390.534,"end":3390.663},{"text":"Korea.","start":3390.696,"end":3391.099}]},{"text":"May I give the floor now to the distinguished","start":3392.04,"end":3394.031,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"May","start":3392.04,"end":3392.235},{"text":"I","start":3392.235,"end":3392.268},{"text":"give","start":3392.399,"end":3392.627},{"text":"the","start":3392.627,"end":3392.709},{"text":"floor","start":3392.709,"end":3392.921},{"text":"now","start":3392.986,"end":3393.149},{"text":"to","start":3393.296,"end":3393.361},{"text":"the","start":3393.361,"end":3393.459},{"text":"distinguished","start":3393.459,"end":3394.031}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"KOR","affiliation_full":"Republic of Korea","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":21,"start":3394.031,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=3395","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"representative of France.","start":3394.031,"end":3395.532,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"representative","start":3394.031,"end":3394.847},{"text":"of","start":3394.928,"end":3395.075},{"text":"France.","start":3395.173,"end":3395.532}]},{"text":"Permanent members to hinder the Security Council in its efforts to support security in the Strait of Hormuz on the","start":3425.31,"end":3432.465,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Permanent","start":3425.31,"end":3425.502},{"text":"members","start":3425.502,"end":3425.871},{"text":"to","start":3426.048,"end":3426.336},{"text":"hinder","start":3426.77,"end":3427.187},{"text":"the","start":3427.187,"end":3427.267},{"text":"Security","start":3427.267,"end":3427.668},{"text":"Council","start":3427.684,"end":3428.214},{"text":"in","start":3428.214,"end":3428.262},{"text":"its","start":3428.39,"end":3428.631},{"text":"efforts","start":3428.631,"end":3429.128},{"text":"to","start":3429.417,"end":3429.593},{"text":"support","start":3429.593,"end":3430.299},{"text":"security","start":3430.62,"end":3431.118},{"text":"in","start":3431.118,"end":3431.166},{"text":"the","start":3431.262,"end":3431.342},{"text":"Strait","start":3431.342,"end":3431.615},{"text":"of","start":3431.615,"end":3431.759},{"text":"Hormuz","start":3431.759,"end":3432.128},{"text":"on","start":3432.305,"end":3432.369},{"text":"the","start":3432.385,"end":3432.465}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IGN","affiliation_full":"IGN","group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":22,"start":3432.465,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=3433","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"7th of April.","start":3432.465,"end":3433.252,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"7th","start":3432.465,"end":3432.722},{"text":"of","start":3432.722,"end":3432.802},{"text":"April.","start":3432.802,"end":3433.252}]},{"text":"In this situation, as in so many others, France regrets the increasing use of the veto, which has reached levels never before seen since the end of the Cold War.","start":3434.487,"end":3445.253,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3434.487,"end":3434.615},{"text":"this","start":3434.647,"end":3434.76},{"text":"situation,","start":3434.808,"end":3435.482},{"text":"as","start":3436.557,"end":3436.605},{"text":"in","start":3436.733,"end":3436.83},{"text":"so","start":3436.83,"end":3436.99},{"text":"many","start":3436.99,"end":3437.343},{"text":"others,","start":3437.359,"end":3437.664},{"text":"France","start":3438.322,"end":3438.755},{"text":"regrets","start":3439.204,"end":3439.814},{"text":"the","start":3439.846,"end":3440.054},{"text":"increasing","start":3440.167,"end":3440.632},{"text":"use","start":3440.744,"end":3440.953},{"text":"of","start":3441.065,"end":3441.145},{"text":"the","start":3441.145,"end":3441.226},{"text":"veto,","start":3441.226,"end":3441.707},{"text":"which","start":3441.851,"end":3442.108},{"text":"has","start":3442.108,"end":3442.317},{"text":"reached","start":3442.413,"end":3442.67},{"text":"levels","start":3442.67,"end":3442.959},{"text":"never","start":3443.007,"end":3443.167},{"text":"before","start":3443.167,"end":3443.408},{"text":"seen","start":3443.408,"end":3443.681},{"text":"since","start":3443.809,"end":3444.098},{"text":"the","start":3444.098,"end":3444.178},{"text":"end","start":3444.258,"end":3444.419},{"text":"of","start":3444.419,"end":3444.467},{"text":"the","start":3444.515,"end":3444.595},{"text":"Cold","start":3444.659,"end":3444.964},{"text":"War.","start":3444.98,"end":3445.253}]},{"text":"More vetoes have been used in the past decade, 2016 to 2025, than in the previous 25 years, from 1991 to 2015, with a clear acceleration since 2022.","start":3445.702,"end":3458.403,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"More","start":3445.702,"end":3445.911},{"text":"vetoes","start":3445.959,"end":3446.488},{"text":"have","start":3446.504,"end":3446.601},{"text":"been","start":3446.601,"end":3446.713},{"text":"used","start":3446.761,"end":3447.082},{"text":"in","start":3447.146,"end":3447.21},{"text":"the","start":3447.242,"end":3447.483},{"text":"past","start":3447.483,"end":3447.804},{"text":"decade,","start":3447.804,"end":3448.269},{"text":"2016","start":3448.285,"end":3448.991},{"text":"to","start":3448.991,"end":3449.168},{"text":"2025,","start":3449.168,"end":3450.339},{"text":"than","start":3450.692,"end":3450.901},{"text":"in","start":3450.997,"end":3451.061},{"text":"the","start":3451.093,"end":3451.254},{"text":"previous","start":3451.254,"end":3451.735},{"text":"25","start":3451.735,"end":3452.457},{"text":"years,","start":3452.457,"end":3452.746},{"text":"from","start":3452.842,"end":3452.954},{"text":"1991","start":3453.018,"end":3453.949},{"text":"to","start":3453.981,"end":3454.142},{"text":"2015,","start":3454.33,"end":3454.974},{"text":"with","start":3455.65,"end":3455.762},{"text":"a","start":3455.795,"end":3455.891},{"text":"clear","start":3455.891,"end":3456.374},{"text":"acceleration","start":3456.374,"end":3457.067},{"text":"since","start":3457.179,"end":3457.421},{"text":"2022.","start":3457.421,"end":3458.403}]},{"text":"Ladies and gentlemen, co-chairs, France's position on the veto in the context of Security Council reform is clear.","start":3460.061,"end":3466.626,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."},{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"Ladies","start":3460.061,"end":3460.238},{"text":"and","start":3460.238,"end":3460.399},{"text":"gentlemen,","start":3460.399,"end":3460.931},{"text":"co-chairs,","start":3461.027,"end":3461.575},{"text":"France's","start":3462.637,"end":3462.975},{"text":"position","start":3462.975,"end":3463.346},{"text":"on","start":3463.523,"end":3463.571},{"text":"the","start":3463.619,"end":3463.7},{"text":"veto","start":3463.7,"end":3463.99},{"text":"in","start":3464.167,"end":3464.216},{"text":"the","start":3464.264,"end":3464.345},{"text":"context","start":3464.345,"end":3464.782},{"text":"of","start":3464.814,"end":3464.863},{"text":"Security","start":3464.895,"end":3465.284},{"text":"Council","start":3465.3,"end":3465.704},{"text":"reform","start":3465.72,"end":3466.011},{"text":"is","start":3466.108,"end":3466.173},{"text":"clear.","start":3466.351,"end":3466.626}]},{"text":"We consider that it is legitimate that candidates for a permanent member seat ask for all of the prerogatives associated with that status, including the veto.","start":3467.726,"end":3477.933,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3467.726,"end":3467.904},{"text":"consider","start":3467.904,"end":3468.47},{"text":"that","start":3468.47,"end":3468.777},{"text":"it","start":3468.858,"end":3468.939},{"text":"is","start":3469.101,"end":3469.214},{"text":"legitimate","start":3469.279,"end":3470.088},{"text":"that","start":3470.088,"end":3470.33},{"text":"candidates","start":3470.33,"end":3470.945},{"text":"for","start":3471.155,"end":3471.479},{"text":"a","start":3471.624,"end":3471.786},{"text":"permanent","start":3471.786,"end":3472.174},{"text":"member","start":3472.174,"end":3472.514},{"text":"seat","start":3472.514,"end":3472.999},{"text":"ask","start":3473.548,"end":3473.806},{"text":"for","start":3473.806,"end":3474.225},{"text":"all","start":3474.354,"end":3474.419},{"text":"of","start":3474.628,"end":3474.741},{"text":"the","start":3474.773,"end":3474.854},{"text":"prerogatives","start":3474.854,"end":3475.434},{"text":"associated","start":3475.434,"end":3476.111},{"text":"with","start":3476.144,"end":3476.305},{"text":"that","start":3476.305,"end":3476.418},{"text":"status,","start":3476.45,"end":3476.837},{"text":"including","start":3476.934,"end":3477.337},{"text":"the","start":3477.417,"end":3477.514},{"text":"veto.","start":3477.514,"end":3477.933}]},{"text":"At the same time, France considers that the veto is not a privilege, but a particular responsibility.","start":3479.605,"end":3485.665,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":3479.605,"end":3479.67},{"text":"the","start":3479.67,"end":3479.751},{"text":"same","start":3479.751,"end":3479.995},{"text":"time,","start":3479.995,"end":3480.304},{"text":"France","start":3480.417,"end":3480.759},{"text":"considers","start":3480.759,"end":3481.198},{"text":"that","start":3481.23,"end":3481.344},{"text":"the","start":3481.474,"end":3481.555},{"text":"veto","start":3481.555,"end":3481.962},{"text":"is","start":3482.368,"end":3482.417},{"text":"not","start":3482.531,"end":3482.709},{"text":"a","start":3482.709,"end":3482.774},{"text":"privilege,","start":3482.774,"end":3483.197},{"text":"but","start":3483.692,"end":3484.04},{"text":"a","start":3484.289,"end":3484.438},{"text":"particular","start":3484.438,"end":3484.853},{"text":"responsibility.","start":3484.853,"end":3485.665}]},{"text":"Abusive use of it harms the effectiveness of the Security Council and the full exercise of the mandate entrusted to it by the United Nations Charter, namely the primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security.","start":3488.486,"end":3503.63,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Abusive","start":3488.486,"end":3488.792},{"text":"use","start":3488.889,"end":3489.211},{"text":"of","start":3489.211,"end":3489.372},{"text":"it","start":3489.372,"end":3489.63},{"text":"harms","start":3489.856,"end":3490.291},{"text":"the","start":3490.339,"end":3490.436},{"text":"effectiveness","start":3490.436,"end":3491.081},{"text":"of","start":3491.081,"end":3491.226},{"text":"the","start":3491.226,"end":3491.291},{"text":"Security","start":3491.307,"end":3491.79},{"text":"Council","start":3491.79,"end":3492.274},{"text":"and","start":3492.596,"end":3492.838},{"text":"the","start":3492.838,"end":3492.935},{"text":"full","start":3492.935,"end":3493.128},{"text":"exercise","start":3493.257,"end":3493.789},{"text":"of","start":3493.837,"end":3493.95},{"text":"the","start":3493.966,"end":3494.047},{"text":"mandate","start":3494.047,"end":3494.547},{"text":"entrusted","start":3494.547,"end":3495.03},{"text":"to","start":3495.03,"end":3495.272},{"text":"it","start":3495.272,"end":3495.433},{"text":"by","start":3495.433,"end":3495.595},{"text":"the","start":3495.595,"end":3495.724},{"text":"United","start":3495.74,"end":3496.11},{"text":"Nations","start":3496.143,"end":3496.497},{"text":"Charter,","start":3496.53,"end":3497.046},{"text":"namely","start":3497.272,"end":3497.659},{"text":"the","start":3499.047,"end":3499.24},{"text":"primary","start":3499.386,"end":3499.708},{"text":"responsibility","start":3499.708,"end":3500.564},{"text":"for","start":3500.596,"end":3500.935},{"text":"the","start":3500.983,"end":3501.048},{"text":"maintenance","start":3501.048,"end":3501.645},{"text":"of","start":3501.806,"end":3502.016},{"text":"international","start":3502.129,"end":3502.661},{"text":"peace","start":3502.694,"end":3502.887},{"text":"and","start":3502.952,"end":3503.097},{"text":"security.","start":3503.097,"end":3503.63}]},{"text":"What we are proposing is simple.","start":3505.259,"end":3506.786,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"What","start":3505.259,"end":3505.502},{"text":"we","start":3505.502,"end":3505.598},{"text":"are","start":3505.614,"end":3505.663},{"text":"proposing","start":3505.663,"end":3506.084},{"text":"is","start":3506.084,"end":3506.133},{"text":"simple.","start":3506.247,"end":3506.786}]},{"text":"It's not an abolition of the veto, even a partial one.","start":3507.717,"end":3510.884,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":3507.717,"end":3508.076},{"text":"not","start":3508.141,"end":3508.451},{"text":"an","start":3508.451,"end":3508.598},{"text":"abolition","start":3508.598,"end":3508.99},{"text":"of","start":3509.251,"end":3509.398},{"text":"the","start":3509.415,"end":3509.513},{"text":"veto,","start":3509.513,"end":3509.905},{"text":"even","start":3509.937,"end":3510.117},{"text":"a","start":3510.149,"end":3510.231},{"text":"partial","start":3510.231,"end":3510.623},{"text":"one.","start":3510.737,"end":3510.884}]},{"text":"It does not involve modifying the United Nations Charter or taking away from anyone prerogatives that are granted to them by that text.","start":3511.713,"end":3520.075,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3511.713,"end":3511.874},{"text":"does","start":3511.874,"end":3512.002},{"text":"not","start":3512.098,"end":3512.355},{"text":"involve","start":3512.355,"end":3512.756},{"text":"modifying","start":3512.772,"end":3513.366},{"text":"the","start":3513.463,"end":3513.543},{"text":"United","start":3513.543,"end":3513.96},{"text":"Nations","start":3513.96,"end":3514.329},{"text":"Charter","start":3514.426,"end":3514.987},{"text":"or","start":3515.389,"end":3515.597},{"text":"taking","start":3515.966,"end":3516.287},{"text":"away","start":3516.352,"end":3516.608},{"text":"from","start":3516.608,"end":3516.849},{"text":"anyone","start":3516.849,"end":3517.218},{"text":"prerogatives","start":3517.25,"end":3517.78},{"text":"that","start":3517.812,"end":3518.037},{"text":"are","start":3518.037,"end":3518.39},{"text":"granted","start":3518.518,"end":3518.839},{"text":"to","start":3518.839,"end":3519.016},{"text":"them","start":3519.016,"end":3519.144},{"text":"by","start":3519.176,"end":3519.401},{"text":"that","start":3519.401,"end":3519.529},{"text":"text.","start":3519.642,"end":3520.075}]},{"text":"What we are calling for, together with Mexico since 2015, is a collective and voluntary suspension of the use of the veto in the Security Council of the United Nations in the case of mass atrocities.","start":3520.46,"end":3532.353,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. 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Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":3625.682,"end":3632.464,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"of","start":3625.682,"end":3625.779},{"text":"Egypt.","start":3625.779,"end":3626.232},{"text":"Thank","start":3631.479,"end":3631.721},{"text":"you,","start":3631.721,"end":3631.883},{"text":"Mr.","start":3631.899,"end":3632.093},{"text":"Chair.","start":3632.141,"end":3632.464}]},{"text":"Thank you for your letter dated 7th of April and for the guiding questions that aim to advance our","start":3634.546,"end":3641.931,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3634.546,"end":3634.74},{"text":"you","start":3634.788,"end":3634.853},{"text":"for","start":3634.869,"end":3635.031},{"text":"your","start":3635.031,"end":3635.127},{"text":"letter","start":3635.192,"end":3635.579},{"text":"dated","start":3636.5,"end":3636.871},{"text":"7th","start":3636.903,"end":3637.355},{"text":"of","start":3637.387,"end":3637.517},{"text":"April","start":3637.613,"end":3637.904},{"text":"and","start":3638.582,"end":3638.663},{"text":"for","start":3638.743,"end":3638.856},{"text":"the","start":3638.905,"end":3638.97},{"text":"guiding","start":3638.97,"end":3639.295},{"text":"questions","start":3639.393,"end":3639.946},{"text":"that","start":3640.531,"end":3640.71},{"text":"aim","start":3640.792,"end":3640.971},{"text":"to","start":3640.971,"end":3641.101},{"text":"advance","start":3641.101,"end":3641.752},{"text":"our","start":3641.752,"end":3641.931}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IGN","affiliation_full":"IGN","group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":24,"start":3641.931,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=3642","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"discussion on one of the most sensitive and consequential elements of the reform process: the question of the veto.","start":3641.931,"end":3650.503,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"discussion","start":3641.931,"end":3642.468},{"text":"on","start":3643.216,"end":3643.265},{"text":"one","start":3643.379,"end":3643.493},{"text":"of","start":3643.493,"end":3643.574},{"text":"the","start":3643.623,"end":3643.72},{"text":"most","start":3643.72,"end":3644.257},{"text":"sensitive","start":3644.387,"end":3645.071},{"text":"and","start":3645.476,"end":3645.541},{"text":"consequential","start":3645.703,"end":3646.498},{"text":"elements","start":3646.53,"end":3647.13},{"text":"of","start":3647.584,"end":3647.682},{"text":"the","start":3647.747,"end":3647.828},{"text":"reform","start":3647.828,"end":3648.298},{"text":"process:","start":3648.298,"end":3648.768},{"text":"the","start":3649.611,"end":3649.757},{"text":"question","start":3649.757,"end":3650.017},{"text":"of","start":3650.017,"end":3650.114},{"text":"the","start":3650.163,"end":3650.195},{"text":"veto.","start":3650.195,"end":3650.503}]},{"text":"The question of the veto cannot be addressed in isolation from the broader objective of achieving a comprehensive, just, and lasting reform of the United Nations Security Council.","start":3652.397,"end":3663.465,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3652.397,"end":3652.494},{"text":"question","start":3652.494,"end":3652.8},{"text":"of","start":3652.8,"end":3652.913},{"text":"the","start":3652.913,"end":3652.978},{"text":"veto","start":3652.978,"end":3653.236},{"text":"cannot","start":3653.3,"end":3653.704},{"text":"be","start":3653.704,"end":3653.849},{"text":"addressed","start":3653.849,"end":3654.349},{"text":"in","start":3654.349,"end":3654.446},{"text":"isolation","start":3654.494,"end":3655.156},{"text":"from","start":3655.22,"end":3655.398},{"text":"the","start":3655.478,"end":3655.559},{"text":"broader","start":3655.559,"end":3656.059},{"text":"objective","start":3656.059,"end":3656.656},{"text":"of","start":3657.237,"end":3657.382},{"text":"achieving","start":3657.414,"end":3657.946},{"text":"a","start":3657.995,"end":3658.124},{"text":"comprehensive,","start":3658.124,"end":3658.834},{"text":"just,","start":3659.431,"end":3659.915},{"text":"and","start":3660.382,"end":3660.463},{"text":"lasting","start":3660.544,"end":3660.85},{"text":"reform","start":3660.963,"end":3661.383},{"text":"of","start":3661.915,"end":3661.98},{"text":"the","start":3661.98,"end":3662.06},{"text":"United","start":3662.06,"end":3662.351},{"text":"Nations","start":3662.351,"end":3662.722},{"text":"Security","start":3662.722,"end":3663.142},{"text":"Council.","start":3663.142,"end":3663.465}]},{"text":"At its core, the current configuration, including the veto, reflects historical realities that no longer correspond respond to today's geopolitical landscape, particularly the underrepresentation of Africa on the Council and its total lack of representation in the Permanent Category.","start":3665.387,"end":3687.094,"topics":[{"key":"african-representation","label":"African Permanent Representation","description":"African states and their supporters emphasized that Africa remains excluded from permanent membership and veto power despite being central to much of the Council's agenda. They framed this as a historical injustice and called for permanent African seats with full prerogatives if the veto remains."},{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":3665.387,"end":3665.484},{"text":"its","start":3665.484,"end":3665.597},{"text":"core,","start":3665.71,"end":3665.92},{"text":"the","start":3666.856,"end":3666.937},{"text":"current","start":3667.018,"end":3667.26},{"text":"configuration,","start":3667.325,"end":3668.116},{"text":"including","start":3668.293,"end":3668.826},{"text":"the","start":3669.036,"end":3669.117},{"text":"veto,","start":3669.182,"end":3669.521},{"text":"reflects","start":3670.183,"end":3670.683},{"text":"historical","start":3670.799,"end":3671.642},{"text":"realities","start":3671.642,"end":3672.27},{"text":"that","start":3672.385,"end":3672.501},{"text":"no","start":3672.683,"end":3672.947},{"text":"longer","start":3673.03,"end":3673.542},{"text":"correspond","start":3673.542,"end":3675.74},{"text":"respond","start":3673.86,"end":3674.261},{"text":"to","start":3674.679,"end":3674.744},{"text":"today's","start":3674.776,"end":3675.339},{"text":"geopolitical","start":3675.885,"end":3676.609},{"text":"landscape,","start":3676.609,"end":3677.252},{"text":"particularly","start":3678.072,"end":3678.779},{"text":"the","start":3679.342,"end":3679.39},{"text":"underrepresentation","start":3679.519,"end":3680.516},{"text":"of","start":3680.548,"end":3680.773},{"text":"Africa","start":3680.789,"end":3681.239},{"text":"on","start":3681.754,"end":3681.85},{"text":"the","start":3681.85,"end":3681.931},{"text":"Council","start":3682.06,"end":3682.384},{"text":"and","start":3683.05,"end":3683.278},{"text":"its","start":3683.326,"end":3683.489},{"text":"total","start":3683.619,"end":3683.976},{"text":"lack","start":3684.041,"end":3684.349},{"text":"of","start":3684.349,"end":3684.447},{"text":"representation","start":3684.447,"end":3685.145},{"text":"in","start":3685.811,"end":3685.86},{"text":"the","start":3685.908,"end":3685.99},{"text":"Permanent","start":3685.99,"end":3686.704},{"text":"Category.","start":3686.704,"end":3687.094}]},{"text":"Egypt aligns itself with the statements delivered by Sierra Leone on behalf of the African Group and by Bahrain on behalf of the Arab Group and wishes to add the following remarks.","start":3688.992,"end":3700.048,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Egypt","start":3688.992,"end":3689.3},{"text":"aligns","start":3689.3,"end":3689.575},{"text":"itself","start":3689.575,"end":3690.126},{"text":"with","start":3690.126,"end":3690.207},{"text":"the","start":3690.207,"end":3690.288},{"text":"statements","start":3690.288,"end":3690.79},{"text":"delivered","start":3690.919,"end":3691.389},{"text":"by","start":3691.422,"end":3691.535},{"text":"Sierra","start":3691.665,"end":3691.972},{"text":"Leone","start":3691.972,"end":3692.264},{"text":"on","start":3692.474,"end":3692.636},{"text":"behalf","start":3692.636,"end":3692.96},{"text":"of","start":3692.96,"end":3693.106},{"text":"the","start":3693.106,"end":3693.187},{"text":"African","start":3693.187,"end":3693.576},{"text":"Group","start":3693.592,"end":3694.029},{"text":"and","start":3694.888,"end":3694.969},{"text":"by","start":3694.985,"end":3695.228},{"text":"Bahrain","start":3695.228,"end":3695.682},{"text":"on","start":3696.281,"end":3696.362},{"text":"behalf","start":3696.362,"end":3696.686},{"text":"of","start":3696.686,"end":3696.832},{"text":"the","start":3696.832,"end":3696.88},{"text":"Arab","start":3696.994,"end":3697.14},{"text":"Group","start":3697.14,"end":3697.583},{"text":"and","start":3698.388,"end":3698.487},{"text":"wishes","start":3698.487,"end":3698.783},{"text":"to","start":3698.816,"end":3699.046},{"text":"add","start":3699.046,"end":3699.21},{"text":"the","start":3699.21,"end":3699.292},{"text":"following","start":3699.292,"end":3699.604},{"text":"remarks.","start":3699.719,"end":3700.048}]},{"text":"On the first question regarding proposals for new permanent members without veto rights, Egypt considers that this approach risks institutionalizing and normalizing inequality within the Council.","start":3701.986,"end":3715.382,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":3701.986,"end":3702.034},{"text":"the","start":3702.066,"end":3702.146},{"text":"first","start":3702.146,"end":3702.451},{"text":"question","start":3702.451,"end":3702.788},{"text":"regarding","start":3702.788,"end":3703.157},{"text":"proposals","start":3703.173,"end":3703.638},{"text":"for","start":3703.735,"end":3703.847},{"text":"new","start":3703.847,"end":3704.04},{"text":"permanent","start":3704.136,"end":3704.81},{"text":"members","start":3704.81,"end":3705.163},{"text":"without","start":3705.74,"end":3706.221},{"text":"veto","start":3706.221,"end":3706.43},{"text":"rights,","start":3706.478,"end":3706.815},{"text":"Egypt","start":3707.762,"end":3708.066},{"text":"considers","start":3708.066,"end":3708.451},{"text":"that","start":3708.548,"end":3708.724},{"text":"this","start":3708.724,"end":3708.837},{"text":"approach","start":3708.965,"end":3709.318},{"text":"risks","start":3709.43,"end":3710.184},{"text":"institutionalizing","start":3710.746,"end":3711.74},{"text":"and","start":3712.559,"end":3712.639},{"text":"normalizing","start":3712.655,"end":3713.345},{"text":"inequality","start":3713.553,"end":3714.227},{"text":"within","start":3714.741,"end":3714.981},{"text":"the","start":3714.981,"end":3715.126},{"text":"Council.","start":3715.126,"end":3715.382}]},{"text":"The creation of a second class of permanent membership would contradict the very principle of sovereign equality of states.","start":3716.505,"end":3723.613,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3716.505,"end":3716.586},{"text":"creation","start":3716.586,"end":3716.955},{"text":"of","start":3717.051,"end":3717.163},{"text":"a","start":3717.163,"end":3717.34},{"text":"second","start":3717.548,"end":3717.933},{"text":"class","start":3717.933,"end":3718.142},{"text":"of","start":3718.27,"end":3718.398},{"text":"permanent","start":3718.431,"end":3718.816},{"text":"membership","start":3718.816,"end":3719.409},{"text":"would","start":3719.794,"end":3719.923},{"text":"contradict","start":3720.019,"end":3720.661},{"text":"the","start":3720.661,"end":3720.741},{"text":"very","start":3720.821,"end":3720.997},{"text":"principle","start":3721.078,"end":3721.687},{"text":"of","start":3722.04,"end":3722.137},{"text":"sovereign","start":3722.185,"end":3722.57},{"text":"equality","start":3722.618,"end":3723.147},{"text":"of","start":3723.147,"end":3723.211},{"text":"states.","start":3723.228,"end":3723.613}]},{"text":"From our perspective, Any expansion in the permanent category must ensure full parity in rights and responsibilities.","start":3724.992,"end":3732.602,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"From","start":3724.992,"end":3725.121},{"text":"our","start":3725.153,"end":3725.329},{"text":"perspective,","start":3725.329,"end":3725.939},{"text":"Any","start":3726.517,"end":3726.741},{"text":"expansion","start":3726.758,"end":3727.271},{"text":"in","start":3727.271,"end":3727.336},{"text":"the","start":3727.352,"end":3727.496},{"text":"permanent","start":3727.496,"end":3727.817},{"text":"category","start":3727.817,"end":3728.267},{"text":"must","start":3728.781,"end":3728.973},{"text":"ensure","start":3729.166,"end":3729.648},{"text":"full","start":3729.648,"end":3730.065},{"text":"parity","start":3730.065,"end":3730.627},{"text":"in","start":3731.029,"end":3731.157},{"text":"rights","start":3731.189,"end":3731.591},{"text":"and","start":3731.591,"end":3731.735},{"text":"responsibilities.","start":3731.735,"end":3732.602}]},{"text":"Anything short of that would not— would perpetuate existing imbalances in a new form.","start":3733.501,"end":3741.144,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"Anything","start":3733.501,"end":3733.806},{"text":"short","start":3733.839,"end":3734.16},{"text":"of","start":3734.16,"end":3734.24},{"text":"that","start":3734.24,"end":3734.641},{"text":"would","start":3735.203,"end":3735.444},{"text":"not—","start":3735.444,"end":3735.781},{"text":"would","start":3737.275,"end":3737.419},{"text":"perpetuate","start":3737.692,"end":3738.511},{"text":"existing","start":3738.672,"end":3739.105},{"text":"imbalances","start":3739.217,"end":3739.828},{"text":"in","start":3740.486,"end":3740.534},{"text":"a","start":3740.566,"end":3740.598},{"text":"new","start":3740.598,"end":3740.791},{"text":"form.","start":3740.823,"end":3741.144}]},{"text":"Second, concerning the extension of veto rights to new permanent members, Egypt reiterated their principal position just spelled out and pronounced by the Permanent Representative of Sierra Leone and others, that as long as the veto exists, it must be extended to all permanent members, both current and new.","start":3741.803,"end":3765.154,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":3741.803,"end":3742.316},{"text":"concerning","start":3743.633,"end":3744.083},{"text":"the","start":3744.099,"end":3744.179},{"text":"extension","start":3744.179,"end":3744.564},{"text":"of","start":3744.661,"end":3744.757},{"text":"veto","start":3744.757,"end":3744.998},{"text":"rights","start":3744.998,"end":3745.319},{"text":"to","start":3745.319,"end":3745.48},{"text":"new","start":3745.48,"end":3745.608},{"text":"permanent","start":3745.704,"end":3746.042},{"text":"members,","start":3746.042,"end":3746.411},{"text":"Egypt","start":3746.828,"end":3747.069},{"text":"reiterated","start":3747.069,"end":3748.209},{"text":"their","start":3748.209,"end":3748.322},{"text":"principal","start":3748.434,"end":3748.755},{"text":"position","start":3748.771,"end":3749.381},{"text":"just","start":3750.762,"end":3751.228},{"text":"spelled","start":3752.31,"end":3752.701},{"text":"out","start":3752.701,"end":3753.059},{"text":"and","start":3753.189,"end":3753.287},{"text":"pronounced","start":3753.287,"end":3753.986},{"text":"by","start":3754.084,"end":3754.214},{"text":"the","start":3754.589,"end":3754.67},{"text":"Permanent","start":3754.67,"end":3754.995},{"text":"Representative","start":3754.995,"end":3755.695},{"text":"of","start":3755.728,"end":3755.809},{"text":"Sierra","start":3755.809,"end":3756.118},{"text":"Leone","start":3756.118,"end":3756.509},{"text":"and","start":3756.704,"end":3756.769},{"text":"others,","start":3756.932,"end":3757.241},{"text":"that","start":3758.75,"end":3758.927},{"text":"as","start":3758.944,"end":3759.073},{"text":"long","start":3759.17,"end":3759.316},{"text":"as","start":3759.429,"end":3759.558},{"text":"the","start":3759.574,"end":3759.671},{"text":"veto","start":3759.671,"end":3759.962},{"text":"exists,","start":3759.979,"end":3760.561},{"text":"it","start":3760.706,"end":3760.949},{"text":"must","start":3760.949,"end":3761.159},{"text":"be","start":3761.224,"end":3761.369},{"text":"extended","start":3761.369,"end":3761.822},{"text":"to","start":3761.855,"end":3762},{"text":"all","start":3762.081,"end":3762.13},{"text":"permanent","start":3762.178,"end":3762.582},{"text":"members,","start":3762.663,"end":3763.035},{"text":"both","start":3764.183,"end":3764.378},{"text":"current","start":3764.442,"end":3764.83},{"text":"and","start":3764.83,"end":3765.024},{"text":"new.","start":3765.024,"end":3765.154}]},{"text":"However, we also stress that the veto, by its very nature, is inherently inconsistent with the principles of transparency, accountability, and democratic decision-making.","start":3766.059,"end":3776.809,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":3766.059,"end":3766.448},{"text":"we","start":3766.528,"end":3766.609},{"text":"also","start":3766.69,"end":3766.884},{"text":"stress","start":3766.933,"end":3767.369},{"text":"that","start":3767.369,"end":3767.515},{"text":"the","start":3767.515,"end":3767.612},{"text":"veto,","start":3767.612,"end":3767.935},{"text":"by","start":3768.081,"end":3768.146},{"text":"its","start":3768.146,"end":3768.387},{"text":"very","start":3768.387,"end":3768.66},{"text":"nature,","start":3768.66,"end":3769.19},{"text":"is","start":3770.026,"end":3770.139},{"text":"inherently","start":3770.315,"end":3770.942},{"text":"inconsistent","start":3770.991,"end":3771.939},{"text":"with","start":3772.18,"end":3772.341},{"text":"the","start":3772.341,"end":3772.421},{"text":"principles","start":3772.421,"end":3772.952},{"text":"of","start":3773.064,"end":3773.16},{"text":"transparency,","start":3773.225,"end":3773.884},{"text":"accountability,","start":3774.35,"end":3775.17},{"text":"and","start":3775.555,"end":3775.62},{"text":"democratic","start":3775.7,"end":3776.214},{"text":"decision-making.","start":3776.214,"end":3776.809}]},{"text":"Ideally, it should be abolished.","start":3777.657,"end":3780.242,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"Ideally,","start":3777.657,"end":3778.123},{"text":"it","start":3778.652,"end":3778.797},{"text":"should","start":3778.797,"end":3778.974},{"text":"be","start":3779.038,"end":3779.295},{"text":"abolished.","start":3779.664,"end":3780.242}]},{"text":"Yet, in the absence of consensus on its elimination, its extension becomes a matter of equity and common justice.","start":3780.949,"end":3788.367,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"Yet,","start":3780.949,"end":3781.222},{"text":"in","start":3781.671,"end":3781.719},{"text":"the","start":3781.767,"end":3781.976},{"text":"absence","start":3781.992,"end":3782.346},{"text":"of","start":3782.346,"end":3782.458},{"text":"consensus","start":3782.49,"end":3783.116},{"text":"on","start":3783.116,"end":3783.18},{"text":"its","start":3783.277,"end":3783.405},{"text":"elimination,","start":3783.534,"end":3784.144},{"text":"its","start":3784.818,"end":3784.931},{"text":"extension","start":3785.043,"end":3785.621},{"text":"becomes","start":3785.621,"end":3786.022},{"text":"a","start":3786.022,"end":3786.039},{"text":"matter","start":3786.039,"end":3786.408},{"text":"of","start":3786.408,"end":3786.552},{"text":"equity","start":3786.584,"end":3787.066},{"text":"and","start":3787.468,"end":3787.532},{"text":"common","start":3787.692,"end":3787.901},{"text":"justice.","start":3787.949,"end":3788.367}]},{"text":"Third, Egypt sees merit in the possible limitations on the use of the veto and in mechanisms that could enhance accountability and mitigate abuse by current permanent members.","start":3789.86,"end":3801.485,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. 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Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Initiatives","start":3802.882,"end":3803.253},{"text":"such","start":3803.285,"end":3803.494},{"text":"as","start":3803.671,"end":3803.768},{"text":"voluntary","start":3803.832,"end":3804.171},{"text":"restraint,","start":3804.171,"end":3804.638},{"text":"particularly","start":3804.815,"end":3805.282},{"text":"in","start":3805.282,"end":3805.379},{"text":"situations","start":3805.379,"end":3805.91},{"text":"involving","start":3806.023,"end":3806.554},{"text":"mass","start":3806.651,"end":3806.973},{"text":"atrocities","start":3807.054,"end":3807.601},{"text":"and","start":3807.714,"end":3807.778},{"text":"genocides,","start":3807.859,"end":3808.487},{"text":"could","start":3809.067,"end":3809.179},{"text":"be","start":3809.324,"end":3809.469},{"text":"useful.","start":3809.469,"end":3809.791}]},{"text":"However, such measures must not be used as a permanent remedy to the question of veto, or as a pretext for inaction or postponement of this question.","start":3810.275,"end":3821.387,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":3810.275,"end":3810.677},{"text":"such","start":3811.112,"end":3811.402},{"text":"measures","start":3811.482,"end":3811.869},{"text":"must","start":3812.367,"end":3812.641},{"text":"not","start":3812.641,"end":3812.801},{"text":"be","start":3812.866,"end":3813.01},{"text":"used","start":3813.026,"end":3813.396},{"text":"as","start":3813.492,"end":3813.557},{"text":"a","start":3813.589,"end":3813.734},{"text":"permanent","start":3813.734,"end":3814.216},{"text":"remedy","start":3814.216,"end":3814.553},{"text":"to","start":3815.019,"end":3815.084},{"text":"the","start":3815.116,"end":3815.196},{"text":"question","start":3815.196,"end":3815.55},{"text":"of","start":3815.582,"end":3815.63},{"text":"veto,","start":3815.678,"end":3816.064},{"text":"or","start":3816.787,"end":3816.836},{"text":"as","start":3816.964,"end":3817.012},{"text":"a","start":3817.061,"end":3817.077},{"text":"pretext","start":3817.125,"end":3817.848},{"text":"for","start":3817.848,"end":3817.977},{"text":"inaction","start":3818.089,"end":3818.539},{"text":"or","start":3819.134,"end":3819.295},{"text":"postponement","start":3819.295,"end":3820.227},{"text":"of","start":3820.725,"end":3820.773},{"text":"this","start":3820.79,"end":3820.926},{"text":"question.","start":3820.994,"end":3821.387}]},{"text":"Co-chairs, ultimately, the question before us which these negotiations are concerned with in accordance with its founding mandate, is not how to regulate the veto or limit its use, but rather how to ensure that a reformed Security Council is more democratic, more representative, more accountable, and more responsive to the needs of the entire membership, including through addressing the fundamental aberration to the Charter that is the veto in a comprehensive, and just manner once and for all.","start":3824.03,"end":3859.58,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. 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representative.","start":3867.38,"end":3869.84,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3867.38,"end":3867.46},{"text":"I","start":3867.46,"end":3867.56},{"text":"now","start":3867.56,"end":3867.84},{"text":"give","start":3867.84,"end":3868.04},{"text":"the","start":3868.04,"end":3868.14},{"text":"floor","start":3868.14,"end":3868.62},{"text":"to","start":3868.62,"end":3868.8},{"text":"the","start":3868.8,"end":3868.94},{"text":"distinguished","start":3868.94,"end":3869.34},{"text":"representative.","start":3869.34,"end":3869.84}]},{"text":"I thank the 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They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3963.341,"end":3963.599},{"text":"in","start":3963.647,"end":3963.696},{"text":"our","start":3963.792,"end":3963.969},{"text":"view,","start":3963.986,"end":3964.372},{"text":"this","start":3964.839,"end":3965.032},{"text":"is","start":3965.322,"end":3965.467},{"text":"a","start":3965.886,"end":3966.063},{"text":"totally","start":3966.063,"end":3966.514},{"text":"anachronistic","start":3966.627,"end":3967.673},{"text":"tool","start":3967.818,"end":3968.189},{"text":"at","start":3969.928,"end":3970.009},{"text":"this","start":3970.009,"end":3970.137},{"text":"point","start":3970.25,"end":3970.492},{"text":"in","start":3970.492,"end":3970.589},{"text":"our","start":3970.637,"end":3970.799},{"text":"history.","start":3970.815,"end":3971.268}]},{"text":"It gives totally disproportionate power to the permanent members.","start":3972.512,"end":3976.035,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3972.512,"end":3972.674},{"text":"gives","start":3972.674,"end":3972.932},{"text":"totally","start":3972.997,"end":3973.369},{"text":"disproportionate","start":3973.482,"end":3974.532},{"text":"power","start":3974.532,"end":3974.936},{"text":"to","start":3974.936,"end":3975.082},{"text":"the","start":3975.082,"end":3975.179},{"text":"permanent","start":3975.179,"end":3975.648},{"text":"members.","start":3975.648,"end":3976.035}]},{"text":"I would also like to refer to the initiative put forward by Liechtenstein on Article 27 of the Charter.","start":3977.497,"end":3985.922,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3977.497,"end":3977.513},{"text":"would","start":3977.513,"end":3977.659},{"text":"also","start":3977.659,"end":3977.837},{"text":"like","start":3977.902,"end":3978.015},{"text":"to","start":3978.064,"end":3978.21},{"text":"refer","start":3978.226,"end":3978.501},{"text":"to","start":3978.728,"end":3978.987},{"text":"the","start":3979.133,"end":3979.49},{"text":"initiative","start":3980.365,"end":3981.061},{"text":"put","start":3981.791,"end":3981.969},{"text":"forward","start":3981.969,"end":3982.26},{"text":"by","start":3982.293,"end":3982.504},{"text":"Liechtenstein","start":3982.52,"end":3983.314},{"text":"on","start":3983.492,"end":3983.638},{"text":"Article","start":3983.897,"end":3984.221},{"text":"27","start":3984.302,"end":3985.209},{"text":"of","start":3985.226,"end":3985.339},{"text":"the","start":3985.355,"end":3985.436},{"text":"Charter.","start":3985.436,"end":3985.922}]},{"text":"Spain is one of the countries that has supported that from the very beginning, and we think that it's very important As other groups and other states have also said in the course of the discussions today, it's very important that the Charter be complied with in full and that we also have a commitment that an implementation of the commitments we made in the Pact for the Future.","start":3986.246,"end":4006.605,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. 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They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":4026.228,"end":4026.518},{"text":"us,","start":4026.518,"end":4026.874},{"text":"we","start":4028.552,"end":4028.698},{"text":"really","start":4028.698,"end":4028.924},{"text":"don't","start":4029.021,"end":4029.505},{"text":"think","start":4029.666,"end":4030.086},{"text":"that","start":4030.312,"end":4030.651},{"text":"keeping","start":4031.135,"end":4031.507},{"text":"the","start":4031.684,"end":4031.781},{"text":"veto","start":4031.781,"end":4032.12},{"text":"is","start":4032.265,"end":4032.314},{"text":"a","start":4032.411,"end":4032.491},{"text":"question","start":4032.491,"end":4032.863},{"text":"of","start":4032.911,"end":4033.04},{"text":"justice.","start":4033.137,"end":4033.605}]},{"text":"On the contrary, if we really want just reform of the Security Council, we need then to work for a Security Council that is much more representative, that is much more legitimate and much more democratic.","start":4033.799,"end":4048.699,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. 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Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of 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you very much.","start":4057.06,"end":4057.641,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4057.06,"end":4057.173},{"text":"you","start":4057.173,"end":4057.221},{"text":"very","start":4057.221,"end":4057.334},{"text":"much.","start":4057.334,"end":4057.641}]},{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Spain, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Türkiye.","start":4058.19,"end":4065.762,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4058.19,"end":4058.239},{"text":"thank","start":4058.352,"end":4058.691},{"text":"the","start":4058.691,"end":4058.74},{"text":"distinguished","start":4058.74,"end":4059.225},{"text":"representative","start":4059.484,"end":4060.357},{"text":"of","start":4060.713,"end":4060.843},{"text":"Spain,","start":4060.875,"end":4061.247},{"text":"and","start":4062.315,"end":4062.38},{"text":"I","start":4062.396,"end":4062.445},{"text":"give","start":4062.574,"end":4062.784},{"text":"the","start":4062.817,"end":4062.898},{"text":"floor","start":4062.962,"end":4063.254},{"text":"to","start":4063.464,"end":4063.61},{"text":"the","start":4063.61,"end":4063.642},{"text":"distinguished","start":4063.642,"end":4064.273},{"text":"representative","start":4064.273,"end":4065.131},{"text":"of","start":4065.179,"end":4065.373},{"text":"Türkiye.","start":4065.422,"end":4065.762}]},{"text":"Thank","start":4069.281,"end":4069.986,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4069.281,"end":4069.986}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"ESP","affiliation_full":"Spain","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":27,"start":4069.986,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=4070","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"you, 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heart of Security Council reform and is an intrinsic component of the 5 clusters.","start":4077.441,"end":4082.03,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"very","start":4077.441,"end":4077.619},{"text":"heart","start":4077.619,"end":4077.925},{"text":"of","start":4077.925,"end":4077.958},{"text":"Security","start":4077.958,"end":4078.426},{"text":"Council","start":4078.426,"end":4078.813},{"text":"reform","start":4078.813,"end":4079.201},{"text":"and","start":4079.701,"end":4079.847},{"text":"is","start":4079.943,"end":4080.04},{"text":"an","start":4080.04,"end":4080.089},{"text":"intrinsic","start":4080.17,"end":4080.526},{"text":"component","start":4080.526,"end":4081.157},{"text":"of","start":4081.157,"end":4081.254},{"text":"the","start":4081.254,"end":4081.351},{"text":"5","start":4081.351,"end":4081.594},{"text":"clusters.","start":4081.642,"end":4082.03}]},{"text":"Turkey fully aligns itself with the statement delivered by the distinguished Permanent Representative of Italy on behalf of the Uniting for Consensus Group.","start":4082.953,"end":4090.547,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Turkey","start":4082.953,"end":4083.341},{"text":"fully","start":4083.341,"end":4083.568},{"text":"aligns","start":4083.6,"end":4083.94},{"text":"itself","start":4083.94,"end":4084.328},{"text":"with","start":4084.328,"end":4084.49},{"text":"the","start":4084.49,"end":4084.571},{"text":"statement","start":4084.571,"end":4085.056},{"text":"delivered","start":4085.056,"end":4085.461},{"text":"by","start":4085.461,"end":4085.607},{"text":"the","start":4085.607,"end":4085.688},{"text":"distinguished","start":4085.688,"end":4086.189},{"text":"Permanent","start":4086.189,"end":4086.578},{"text":"Representative","start":4086.578,"end":4087.241},{"text":"of","start":4087.241,"end":4087.338},{"text":"Italy","start":4087.387,"end":4087.694},{"text":"on","start":4088.374,"end":4088.422},{"text":"behalf","start":4088.519,"end":4088.94},{"text":"of","start":4089.021,"end":4089.07},{"text":"the","start":4089.07,"end":4089.102},{"text":"Uniting","start":4089.102,"end":4089.475},{"text":"for","start":4089.508,"end":4089.638},{"text":"Consensus","start":4089.735,"end":4090.304},{"text":"Group.","start":4090.304,"end":4090.547}]},{"text":"I would also like to make the following remarks in my national capacity.","start":4091.522,"end":4094.396,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4091.522,"end":4091.538},{"text":"would","start":4091.538,"end":4091.7},{"text":"also","start":4091.7,"end":4091.944},{"text":"like","start":4091.944,"end":4092.122},{"text":"to","start":4092.122,"end":4092.204},{"text":"make","start":4092.204,"end":4092.431},{"text":"the","start":4092.431,"end":4092.512},{"text":"following","start":4092.512,"end":4092.804},{"text":"remarks","start":4092.902,"end":4093.259},{"text":"in","start":4093.324,"end":4093.357},{"text":"my","start":4093.357,"end":4093.503},{"text":"national","start":4093.503,"end":4093.892},{"text":"capacity.","start":4093.892,"end":4094.396}]},{"text":"Distinguished co-chairs, Turkey has long maintained that the current composition of and working methods of the Security Council no longer reflects today's geopolitical realities.","start":4095.51,"end":4105.495,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":4095.51,"end":4095.819},{"text":"co-chairs,","start":4095.819,"end":4096.329},{"text":"Turkey","start":4097.077,"end":4097.414},{"text":"has","start":4097.414,"end":4097.623},{"text":"long","start":4097.655,"end":4097.784},{"text":"maintained","start":4097.816,"end":4098.33},{"text":"that","start":4098.378,"end":4098.539},{"text":"the","start":4098.539,"end":4098.683},{"text":"current","start":4098.683,"end":4098.924},{"text":"composition","start":4098.924,"end":4099.471},{"text":"of","start":4099.824,"end":4099.953},{"text":"and","start":4100.531,"end":4100.611},{"text":"working","start":4100.692,"end":4100.997},{"text":"methods","start":4101.029,"end":4101.35},{"text":"of","start":4101.35,"end":4101.447},{"text":"the","start":4101.495,"end":4101.543},{"text":"Security","start":4101.575,"end":4101.961},{"text":"Council","start":4101.993,"end":4102.764},{"text":"no","start":4102.876,"end":4103.053},{"text":"longer","start":4103.053,"end":4103.342},{"text":"reflects","start":4103.342,"end":4103.905},{"text":"today's","start":4103.905,"end":4104.242},{"text":"geopolitical","start":4104.242,"end":4104.949},{"text":"realities.","start":4104.949,"end":4105.495}]},{"text":"The veto in particular stands out as one of the most significant factors limiting the Council's credibility, effectiveness, and representativeness.","start":4106.732,"end":4114.925,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."},{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4106.732,"end":4106.828},{"text":"veto","start":4106.828,"end":4107.278},{"text":"in","start":4107.359,"end":4107.423},{"text":"particular","start":4107.455,"end":4108.049},{"text":"stands","start":4108.194,"end":4108.628},{"text":"out","start":4108.724,"end":4108.965},{"text":"as","start":4109.045,"end":4109.11},{"text":"one","start":4109.286,"end":4109.447},{"text":"of","start":4109.447,"end":4109.511},{"text":"the","start":4109.543,"end":4109.64},{"text":"most","start":4109.64,"end":4109.865},{"text":"significant","start":4109.865,"end":4110.411},{"text":"factors","start":4110.411,"end":4110.877},{"text":"limiting","start":4111.053,"end":4111.359},{"text":"the","start":4111.391,"end":4111.471},{"text":"Council's","start":4111.471,"end":4111.889},{"text":"credibility,","start":4111.937,"end":4112.564},{"text":"effectiveness,","start":4112.837,"end":4113.431},{"text":"and","start":4113.72,"end":4113.785},{"text":"representativeness.","start":4113.881,"end":4114.925}]},{"text":"In principle, Turkey considers the veto to be an outdated historical relic that sits uneasily with the principles of sovereign equality, democracy, and accountability enshrined in the UN Charter.","start":4115.873,"end":4127.438,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4115.873,"end":4115.937},{"text":"principle,","start":4115.969,"end":4116.5},{"text":"Turkey","start":4116.933,"end":4117.303},{"text":"considers","start":4117.319,"end":4117.785},{"text":"the","start":4117.833,"end":4117.913},{"text":"veto","start":4117.913,"end":4118.379},{"text":"to","start":4118.379,"end":4118.508},{"text":"be","start":4118.54,"end":4118.7},{"text":"an","start":4118.7,"end":4118.845},{"text":"outdated","start":4118.845,"end":4119.359},{"text":"historical","start":4119.407,"end":4119.954},{"text":"relic","start":4119.97,"end":4120.403},{"text":"that","start":4120.789,"end":4120.95},{"text":"sits","start":4120.95,"end":4121.207},{"text":"uneasily","start":4121.335,"end":4121.801},{"text":"with","start":4121.833,"end":4122.01},{"text":"the","start":4122.058,"end":4122.154},{"text":"principles","start":4122.154,"end":4122.685},{"text":"of","start":4122.717,"end":4122.813},{"text":"sovereign","start":4122.813,"end":4123.167},{"text":"equality,","start":4123.199,"end":4123.729},{"text":"democracy,","start":4124.002,"end":4124.612},{"text":"and","start":4124.885,"end":4124.949},{"text":"accountability","start":4124.981,"end":4125.736},{"text":"enshrined","start":4126.073,"end":4126.571},{"text":"in","start":4126.571,"end":4126.619},{"text":"the","start":4126.715,"end":4126.796},{"text":"UN","start":4126.796,"end":4126.94},{"text":"Charter.","start":4127.037,"end":4127.438}]},{"text":"Its use, including the threat of use, has at times prevented the Council from acting decisively in the face of humanitarian catastrophes and threats to international peace and security.","start":4128.337,"end":4139.946,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Its","start":4128.337,"end":4128.434},{"text":"use,","start":4128.498,"end":4128.931},{"text":"including","start":4129.301,"end":4129.718},{"text":"the","start":4129.766,"end":4129.975},{"text":"threat","start":4130.007,"end":4130.264},{"text":"of","start":4130.264,"end":4130.392},{"text":"use,","start":4130.489,"end":4130.633},{"text":"has","start":4131.308,"end":4131.436},{"text":"at","start":4131.532,"end":4131.645},{"text":"times","start":4131.789,"end":4132.159},{"text":"prevented","start":4132.255,"end":4132.753},{"text":"the","start":4132.753,"end":4132.833},{"text":"Council","start":4132.833,"end":4133.363},{"text":"from","start":4133.395,"end":4133.636},{"text":"acting","start":4133.78,"end":4134.005},{"text":"decisively","start":4134.037,"end":4134.696},{"text":"in","start":4135.001,"end":4135.049},{"text":"the","start":4135.145,"end":4135.242},{"text":"face","start":4135.242,"end":4135.563},{"text":"of","start":4135.563,"end":4135.627},{"text":"humanitarian","start":4135.627,"end":4136.237},{"text":"catastrophes","start":4136.285,"end":4137.056},{"text":"and","start":4137.65,"end":4137.714},{"text":"threats","start":4137.795,"end":4138.196},{"text":"to","start":4138.196,"end":4138.276},{"text":"international","start":4138.276,"end":4138.902},{"text":"peace","start":4138.935,"end":4139.256},{"text":"and","start":4139.32,"end":4139.384},{"text":"security.","start":4139.416,"end":4139.946}]},{"text":"This is weakening the confidence in the multilateral system and undermining the crucial work of the Council.","start":4141.006,"end":4146.176,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4141.006,"end":4141.182},{"text":"is","start":4141.182,"end":4141.279},{"text":"weakening","start":4141.327,"end":4141.648},{"text":"the","start":4141.664,"end":4141.809},{"text":"confidence","start":4141.809,"end":4142.467},{"text":"in","start":4142.547,"end":4142.628},{"text":"the","start":4142.628,"end":4142.708},{"text":"multilateral","start":4142.708,"end":4143.302},{"text":"system","start":4143.35,"end":4143.735},{"text":"and","start":4144.153,"end":4144.217},{"text":"undermining","start":4144.297,"end":4144.763},{"text":"the","start":4144.859,"end":4144.956},{"text":"crucial","start":4144.956,"end":4145.341},{"text":"work","start":4145.341,"end":4145.614},{"text":"of","start":4145.614,"end":4145.759},{"text":"the","start":4145.759,"end":4145.839},{"text":"Council.","start":4145.839,"end":4146.176}]},{"text":"Ideally, the veto should be abolished.","start":4147.043,"end":4148.89,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"Ideally,","start":4147.043,"end":4147.493},{"text":"the","start":4147.669,"end":4147.766},{"text":"veto","start":4147.766,"end":4148.071},{"text":"should","start":4148.071,"end":4148.247},{"text":"be","start":4148.247,"end":4148.392},{"text":"abolished.","start":4148.408,"end":4148.89}]},{"text":"In the absence of a realistic prospect for the consent of those holding this prerogative to relinquish it, Turkey believes that member states must work collectively on practical measures to restrain the use of veto and enhance accountability.","start":4150.013,"end":4163.736,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4150.013,"end":4150.061},{"text":"the","start":4150.094,"end":4150.222},{"text":"absence","start":4150.238,"end":4150.671},{"text":"of","start":4150.671,"end":4150.816},{"text":"a","start":4150.816,"end":4150.88},{"text":"realistic","start":4150.88,"end":4151.378},{"text":"prospect","start":4151.378,"end":4152.132},{"text":"for","start":4152.244,"end":4152.421},{"text":"the","start":4152.421,"end":4152.501},{"text":"consent","start":4152.501,"end":4152.982},{"text":"of","start":4152.982,"end":4153.111},{"text":"those","start":4153.143,"end":4153.352},{"text":"holding","start":4153.368,"end":4153.657},{"text":"this","start":4153.705,"end":4154.01},{"text":"prerogative","start":4154.01,"end":4155.037},{"text":"to","start":4155.069,"end":4155.213},{"text":"relinquish","start":4155.213,"end":4155.711},{"text":"it,","start":4155.711,"end":4155.952},{"text":"Turkey","start":4156.353,"end":4156.674},{"text":"believes","start":4156.754,"end":4157.204},{"text":"that","start":4157.396,"end":4157.621},{"text":"member","start":4157.621,"end":4157.878},{"text":"states","start":4157.878,"end":4158.423},{"text":"must","start":4158.439,"end":4158.68},{"text":"work","start":4158.68,"end":4158.905},{"text":"collectively","start":4158.905,"end":4159.45},{"text":"on","start":4159.563,"end":4159.707},{"text":"practical","start":4159.707,"end":4160.125},{"text":"measures","start":4160.125,"end":4160.542},{"text":"to","start":4160.783,"end":4160.911},{"text":"restrain","start":4160.927,"end":4161.296},{"text":"the","start":4161.392,"end":4161.473},{"text":"use","start":4161.489,"end":4161.729},{"text":"of","start":4161.729,"end":4161.858},{"text":"veto","start":4161.89,"end":4162.307},{"text":"and","start":4162.452,"end":4162.516},{"text":"enhance","start":4162.532,"end":4162.933},{"text":"accountability.","start":4162.997,"end":4163.736}]},{"text":"In this vein, Turkey has consistently supported initiatives aimed at limiting the use of veto in circumstances involving genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes.","start":4164.939,"end":4175.259,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4164.939,"end":4164.988},{"text":"this","start":4165.084,"end":4165.26},{"text":"vein,","start":4165.26,"end":4165.405},{"text":"Turkey","start":4166.063,"end":4166.32},{"text":"has","start":4166.448,"end":4166.593},{"text":"consistently","start":4166.689,"end":4167.347},{"text":"supported","start":4167.347,"end":4167.876},{"text":"initiatives","start":4168.149,"end":4168.679},{"text":"aimed","start":4168.855,"end":4169.096},{"text":"at","start":4169.096,"end":4169.257},{"text":"limiting","start":4169.257,"end":4169.562},{"text":"the","start":4169.594,"end":4169.738},{"text":"use","start":4169.738,"end":4169.915},{"text":"of","start":4169.931,"end":4170.075},{"text":"veto","start":4170.075,"end":4170.46},{"text":"in","start":4170.476,"end":4170.525},{"text":"circumstances","start":4170.573,"end":4171.488},{"text":"involving","start":4171.744,"end":4172.097},{"text":"genocide,","start":4172.162,"end":4172.772},{"text":"crimes","start":4172.804,"end":4173.141},{"text":"against","start":4173.189,"end":4173.446},{"text":"humanity,","start":4173.446,"end":4174.056},{"text":"and","start":4174.553,"end":4174.762},{"text":"war","start":4174.874,"end":4175.051},{"text":"crimes.","start":4175.051,"end":4175.259}]},{"text":"Such voluntary commitments are important steps towards a more responsible exercise of the veto and reflect the expectations of the broader membership.","start":4176.512,"end":4185.006,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":4176.512,"end":4176.801},{"text":"voluntary","start":4176.817,"end":4177.266},{"text":"commitments","start":4177.298,"end":4177.941},{"text":"are","start":4178.021,"end":4178.069},{"text":"important","start":4178.101,"end":4178.551},{"text":"steps","start":4178.567,"end":4179.065},{"text":"towards","start":4179.065,"end":4179.402},{"text":"a","start":4179.45,"end":4179.482},{"text":"more","start":4179.482,"end":4179.691},{"text":"responsible","start":4179.691,"end":4180.414},{"text":"exercise","start":4180.414,"end":4180.879},{"text":"of","start":4180.992,"end":4181.072},{"text":"the","start":4181.072,"end":4181.233},{"text":"veto","start":4181.233,"end":4181.618},{"text":"and","start":4182.26,"end":4182.357},{"text":"reflect","start":4182.357,"end":4182.854},{"text":"the","start":4182.999,"end":4183.079},{"text":"expectations","start":4183.079,"end":4183.85},{"text":"of","start":4183.962,"end":4184.107},{"text":"the","start":4184.107,"end":4184.203},{"text":"broader","start":4184.203,"end":4184.492},{"text":"membership.","start":4184.492,"end":4185.006}]},{"text":"Turkey is ready to engage constructively in discussions on how these efforts can be consolidated, strengthened, or further institutionalized.","start":4186.13,"end":4194.175,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Turkey","start":4186.13,"end":4186.419},{"text":"is","start":4186.515,"end":4186.58},{"text":"ready","start":4186.676,"end":4186.917},{"text":"to","start":4186.917,"end":4186.981},{"text":"engage","start":4186.997,"end":4187.382},{"text":"constructively","start":4187.495,"end":4188.185},{"text":"in","start":4188.217,"end":4188.266},{"text":"discussions","start":4188.378,"end":4188.988},{"text":"on","start":4189.261,"end":4189.341},{"text":"how","start":4189.341,"end":4189.502},{"text":"these","start":4189.582,"end":4189.711},{"text":"efforts","start":4189.807,"end":4190.144},{"text":"can","start":4190.144,"end":4190.305},{"text":"be","start":4190.305,"end":4190.449},{"text":"consolidated,","start":4190.449,"end":4191.156},{"text":"strengthened,","start":4191.606,"end":4192.28},{"text":"or","start":4192.633,"end":4192.714},{"text":"further","start":4192.714,"end":4193.211},{"text":"institutionalized.","start":4193.259,"end":4194.175}]},{"text":"We also attach importance to greater transparency and accountability in the use of veto.","start":4195.363,"end":4199.859,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4195.363,"end":4195.507},{"text":"also","start":4195.507,"end":4195.764},{"text":"attach","start":4195.764,"end":4196.053},{"text":"importance","start":4196.15,"end":4196.808},{"text":"to","start":4196.808,"end":4196.953},{"text":"greater","start":4196.953,"end":4197.21},{"text":"transparency","start":4197.21,"end":4197.98},{"text":"and","start":4198.173,"end":4198.237},{"text":"accountability","start":4198.269,"end":4199.024},{"text":"in","start":4199.056,"end":4199.104},{"text":"the","start":4199.201,"end":4199.281},{"text":"use","start":4199.297,"end":4199.474},{"text":"of","start":4199.474,"end":4199.586},{"text":"veto.","start":4199.618,"end":4199.859}]},{"text":"We therefore welcome GA decision 76.","start":4200.726,"end":4203.054,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4200.726,"end":4200.822},{"text":"therefore","start":4200.822,"end":4201.176},{"text":"welcome","start":4201.384,"end":4201.77},{"text":"GA","start":4201.77,"end":4201.898},{"text":"decision","start":4202.027,"end":4202.476},{"text":"76.","start":4202.589,"end":4203.054}]},{"text":"Widely known as the veto initiative.","start":4205.374,"end":4207.511,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Widely","start":4205.374,"end":4205.711},{"text":"known","start":4205.711,"end":4205.984},{"text":"as","start":4206.081,"end":4206.225},{"text":"the","start":4206.257,"end":4206.354},{"text":"veto","start":4206.643,"end":4206.868},{"text":"initiative.","start":4206.964,"end":4207.511}]},{"text":"This initiative strengthens the role of the General Assembly and reinforces the principle that the wider membership should be able to scrutinize the Council's actions or inaction when the veto is exercised.","start":4208.427,"end":4220.067,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."},{"key":"general-assembly-role","label":"Stronger General Assembly Role","description":"Several delegations urged a more active role for the General Assembly when the Security Council is blocked by a veto. 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representative","start":4286.923,"end":4293.006,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4286.923,"end":4287.02},{"text":"thank","start":4287.085,"end":4287.326},{"text":"the","start":4287.326,"end":4287.519},{"text":"distinguished","start":4287.568,"end":4287.987},{"text":"representative","start":4287.987,"end":4288.776},{"text":"of","start":4288.776,"end":4288.921},{"text":"Türkiye","start":4288.953,"end":4289.598},{"text":"for","start":4289.662,"end":4289.743},{"text":"his","start":4289.743,"end":4289.855},{"text":"statement,","start":4289.855,"end":4290.451},{"text":"and","start":4290.467,"end":4290.564},{"text":"I","start":4290.564,"end":4290.58},{"text":"now","start":4290.58,"end":4290.757},{"text":"give","start":4290.886,"end":4291.031},{"text":"the","start":4291.031,"end":4291.128},{"text":"floor","start":4291.128,"end":4291.321},{"text":"to","start":4291.37,"end":4291.515},{"text":"the","start":4291.515,"end":4291.66},{"text":"distinguished","start":4291.66,"end":4292.098},{"text":"representative","start":4292.098,"end":4293.006}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"TUR","affiliation_full":"Türkiye","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":29,"start":4293.088,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=4294","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"of Colombia. Co-facilitators, colleagues, I'd like to take this opportunity to commend your work as co-facilitators and for the efforts that you are making","start":4293.088,"end":4312.611,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"of","start":4293.088,"end":4293.201},{"text":"Colombia.","start":4293.461,"end":4293.802},{"text":"Co-facilitators,","start":4302.48,"end":4303.349},{"text":"colleagues,","start":4303.606,"end":4304.072},{"text":"I'd","start":4305.15,"end":4306.212},{"text":"like","start":4306.276,"end":4306.405},{"text":"to","start":4306.421,"end":4306.453},{"text":"take","start":4306.501,"end":4306.598},{"text":"this","start":4306.598,"end":4306.759},{"text":"opportunity","start":4306.759,"end":4307.37},{"text":"to","start":4307.402,"end":4307.724},{"text":"commend","start":4307.724,"end":4308.126},{"text":"your","start":4308.126,"end":4308.367},{"text":"work","start":4308.367,"end":4308.689},{"text":"as","start":4308.834,"end":4308.979},{"text":"co-facilitators","start":4309.39,"end":4310.195},{"text":"and","start":4311.017,"end":4311.178},{"text":"for","start":4311.178,"end":4311.339},{"text":"the","start":4311.339,"end":4311.419},{"text":"efforts","start":4311.435,"end":4311.838},{"text":"that","start":4311.838,"end":4311.999},{"text":"you","start":4311.999,"end":4312.209},{"text":"are","start":4312.225,"end":4312.257},{"text":"making","start":4312.257,"end":4312.611}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IGN","affiliation_full":"IGN","group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":30,"start":4312.789,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=4313","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"to generate dialogue.","start":4312.789,"end":4314.834,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"to","start":4312.789,"end":4313.062},{"text":"generate","start":4313.916,"end":4314.254},{"text":"dialogue.","start":4314.254,"end":4314.834}]},{"text":"Colombia also aligns with the statement by the Permanent Representative of Italy on behalf of United for Consensus, and I would like to make the following statement in my national capacity.","start":4314.979,"end":4327.028,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Colombia","start":4314.979,"end":4315.624},{"text":"also","start":4315.865,"end":4316.204},{"text":"aligns","start":4316.204,"end":4316.558},{"text":"with","start":4316.59,"end":4316.719},{"text":"the","start":4316.751,"end":4316.848},{"text":"statement","start":4316.848,"end":4317.653},{"text":"by","start":4317.702,"end":4317.911},{"text":"the","start":4318.105,"end":4318.282},{"text":"Permanent","start":4318.282,"end":4318.684},{"text":"Representative","start":4318.684,"end":4319.345},{"text":"of","start":4319.474,"end":4319.699},{"text":"Italy","start":4319.828,"end":4320.182},{"text":"on","start":4320.376,"end":4320.456},{"text":"behalf","start":4320.456,"end":4320.811},{"text":"of","start":4321.004,"end":4321.245},{"text":"United","start":4321.245,"end":4321.648},{"text":"for","start":4321.648,"end":4321.793},{"text":"Consensus,","start":4321.825,"end":4322.663},{"text":"and","start":4323.339,"end":4323.678},{"text":"I","start":4323.678,"end":4323.726},{"text":"would","start":4323.758,"end":4323.903},{"text":"like","start":4323.903,"end":4324.145},{"text":"to","start":4324.145,"end":4324.419},{"text":"make","start":4324.644,"end":4324.95},{"text":"the","start":4324.95,"end":4325.127},{"text":"following","start":4325.127,"end":4325.385},{"text":"statement","start":4325.385,"end":4325.933},{"text":"in","start":4325.933,"end":4325.997},{"text":"my","start":4326.013,"end":4326.094},{"text":"national","start":4326.11,"end":4326.496},{"text":"capacity.","start":4326.496,"end":4327.028}]},{"text":"The position of Colombia has been one of principle and it has been consistent since the Charter was negotiated in San Francisco.","start":4329.47,"end":4336.657,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4329.47,"end":4329.582},{"text":"position","start":4329.582,"end":4329.953},{"text":"of","start":4330.05,"end":4330.114},{"text":"Colombia","start":4330.146,"end":4330.807},{"text":"has","start":4330.952,"end":4331.081},{"text":"been","start":4331.194,"end":4331.436},{"text":"one","start":4331.436,"end":4331.565},{"text":"of","start":4331.661,"end":4331.726},{"text":"principle","start":4331.758,"end":4332.241},{"text":"and","start":4332.306,"end":4332.419},{"text":"it","start":4332.467,"end":4332.564},{"text":"has","start":4332.564,"end":4332.693},{"text":"been","start":4332.725,"end":4332.838},{"text":"consistent","start":4332.886,"end":4333.466},{"text":"since","start":4333.466,"end":4333.853},{"text":"the","start":4333.853,"end":4334.111},{"text":"Charter","start":4334.562,"end":4334.82},{"text":"was","start":4334.836,"end":4334.949},{"text":"negotiated","start":4334.965,"end":4335.609},{"text":"in","start":4335.609,"end":4335.658},{"text":"San","start":4335.706,"end":4335.932},{"text":"Francisco.","start":4335.932,"end":4336.657}]},{"text":"We do not support The veto nor the allocation of permanent members in the Security Council as it runs counter to the principle of sovereign equality of states.","start":4336.738,"end":4345.232,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. 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Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4336.738,"end":4336.818},{"text":"do","start":4336.915,"end":4337.076},{"text":"not","start":4337.076,"end":4337.269},{"text":"support","start":4337.318,"end":4338.156},{"text":"The","start":4338.117,"end":4338.311},{"text":"veto","start":4338.376,"end":4338.797},{"text":"nor","start":4339.185,"end":4339.46},{"text":"the","start":4339.654,"end":4339.864},{"text":"allocation","start":4339.993,"end":4340.381},{"text":"of","start":4340.381,"end":4340.446},{"text":"permanent","start":4340.478,"end":4340.721},{"text":"members","start":4340.721,"end":4341.044},{"text":"in","start":4341.044,"end":4341.125},{"text":"the","start":4341.125,"end":4341.206},{"text":"Security","start":4341.206,"end":4341.691},{"text":"Council","start":4341.756,"end":4342.305},{"text":"as","start":4342.726,"end":4342.807},{"text":"it","start":4342.807,"end":4342.888},{"text":"runs","start":4342.888,"end":4343.033},{"text":"counter","start":4343.065,"end":4343.389},{"text":"to","start":4343.389,"end":4343.534},{"text":"the","start":4343.534,"end":4343.615},{"text":"principle","start":4343.615,"end":4343.955},{"text":"of","start":4343.955,"end":4344.052},{"text":"sovereign","start":4344.052,"end":4344.359},{"text":"equality","start":4344.375,"end":4344.731},{"text":"of","start":4344.747,"end":4344.844},{"text":"states.","start":4344.844,"end":4345.232}]},{"text":"We understood at the time that the world needed this organization and that this was the compromise that we had to take on in order to save coming generations from the scourge of war.","start":4347.637,"end":4357.96,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4347.637,"end":4347.83},{"text":"understood","start":4347.958,"end":4348.376},{"text":"at","start":4348.376,"end":4348.44},{"text":"the","start":4348.44,"end":4348.537},{"text":"time","start":4348.537,"end":4348.746},{"text":"that","start":4348.858,"end":4349.003},{"text":"the","start":4349.003,"end":4349.067},{"text":"world","start":4349.099,"end":4349.404},{"text":"needed","start":4349.404,"end":4349.71},{"text":"this","start":4349.742,"end":4349.934},{"text":"organization","start":4350.304,"end":4351.38},{"text":"and","start":4351.589,"end":4351.814},{"text":"that","start":4351.814,"end":4351.991},{"text":"this","start":4351.991,"end":4352.232},{"text":"was","start":4352.232,"end":4352.344},{"text":"the","start":4352.393,"end":4352.634},{"text":"compromise","start":4352.634,"end":4353.084},{"text":"that","start":4353.18,"end":4353.276},{"text":"we","start":4353.276,"end":4353.421},{"text":"had","start":4353.421,"end":4353.598},{"text":"to","start":4353.598,"end":4353.758},{"text":"take","start":4353.758,"end":4354.08},{"text":"on","start":4354.224,"end":4354.353},{"text":"in","start":4354.803,"end":4354.931},{"text":"order","start":4354.947,"end":4355.349},{"text":"to","start":4355.349,"end":4355.542},{"text":"save","start":4355.542,"end":4356.056},{"text":"coming","start":4356.088,"end":4356.377},{"text":"generations","start":4356.393,"end":4357.02},{"text":"from","start":4357.037,"end":4357.199},{"text":"the","start":4357.199,"end":4357.296},{"text":"scourge","start":4357.296,"end":4357.587},{"text":"of","start":4357.636,"end":4357.717},{"text":"war.","start":4357.782,"end":4357.96}]},{"text":"Today, nevertheless, we are discussing a vision for the future of the United Nations in light of something that is obvious, which is that the veto is the institutional arrangement that most affects the organization's ability to fulfill its functions of preserving international peace and security.","start":4359.239,"end":4375.834,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"Today,","start":4359.239,"end":4359.757},{"text":"nevertheless,","start":4360.211,"end":4360.956},{"text":"we","start":4361.587,"end":4361.83},{"text":"are","start":4362.057,"end":4362.219},{"text":"discussing","start":4362.219,"end":4362.672},{"text":"a","start":4362.721,"end":4362.737},{"text":"vision","start":4362.737,"end":4362.931},{"text":"for","start":4363.028,"end":4363.109},{"text":"the","start":4363.109,"end":4363.206},{"text":"future","start":4363.206,"end":4363.563},{"text":"of","start":4363.611,"end":4363.757},{"text":"the","start":4363.757,"end":4363.838},{"text":"United","start":4363.838,"end":4364.178},{"text":"Nations","start":4364.178,"end":4364.389},{"text":"in","start":4364.882,"end":4365.01},{"text":"light","start":4365.523,"end":4365.764},{"text":"of","start":4365.764,"end":4365.86},{"text":"something","start":4366.004,"end":4366.277},{"text":"that","start":4366.309,"end":4366.469},{"text":"is","start":4366.469,"end":4366.533},{"text":"obvious,","start":4366.726,"end":4367.095},{"text":"which","start":4367.207,"end":4367.335},{"text":"is","start":4367.431,"end":4367.495},{"text":"that","start":4367.672,"end":4368.009},{"text":"the","start":4368.393,"end":4368.554},{"text":"veto","start":4368.554,"end":4368.875},{"text":"is","start":4368.891,"end":4368.987},{"text":"the","start":4368.987,"end":4369.115},{"text":"institutional","start":4369.115,"end":4369.564},{"text":"arrangement","start":4369.596,"end":4370.173},{"text":"that","start":4370.173,"end":4370.542},{"text":"most","start":4370.542,"end":4370.895},{"text":"affects","start":4370.895,"end":4371.296},{"text":"the","start":4371.296,"end":4371.456},{"text":"organization's","start":4371.456,"end":4372.018},{"text":"ability","start":4372.018,"end":4372.467},{"text":"to","start":4372.884,"end":4372.98},{"text":"fulfill","start":4372.98,"end":4373.268},{"text":"its","start":4373.3,"end":4373.413},{"text":"functions","start":4373.445,"end":4373.83},{"text":"of","start":4373.926,"end":4374.07},{"text":"preserving","start":4374.102,"end":4374.583},{"text":"international","start":4374.583,"end":4375.048},{"text":"peace","start":4375.048,"end":4375.225},{"text":"and","start":4375.225,"end":4375.305},{"text":"security.","start":4375.305,"end":4375.834}]},{"text":"And therefore, co-facilitators, the position of my country remains firm today.","start":4377.229,"end":4382.553,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4377.229,"end":4377.374},{"text":"therefore,","start":4377.374,"end":4377.807},{"text":"co-facilitators,","start":4378.336,"end":4379.282},{"text":"the","start":4379.875,"end":4379.955},{"text":"position","start":4379.955,"end":4380.404},{"text":"of","start":4380.501,"end":4380.645},{"text":"my","start":4380.661,"end":4380.918},{"text":"country","start":4380.918,"end":4381.367},{"text":"remains","start":4381.543,"end":4381.848},{"text":"firm","start":4381.88,"end":4382.088},{"text":"today.","start":4382.2,"end":4382.553}]},{"text":"We were already skeptical 80 years ago, but now we are fully convinced that more vetoes will mean more paralysis and less trust in this organization.","start":4384.045,"end":4394.041,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. 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Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"None","start":4465.584,"end":4465.809},{"text":"of","start":4465.906,"end":4465.97},{"text":"these","start":4466.002,"end":4466.291},{"text":"objectives","start":4466.323,"end":4466.773},{"text":"can","start":4466.95,"end":4467.191},{"text":"be","start":4467.368,"end":4467.529},{"text":"achieved","start":4467.529,"end":4467.979},{"text":"by","start":4468.011,"end":4468.156},{"text":"expanding","start":4468.156,"end":4468.622},{"text":"the","start":4468.654,"end":4468.75},{"text":"veto.","start":4468.75,"end":4469.297}]},{"text":"My country remains committed to this process.","start":4469.779,"end":4472.706,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":4469.779,"end":4470.021},{"text":"country","start":4470.021,"end":4470.471},{"text":"remains","start":4470.825,"end":4471.194},{"text":"committed","start":4471.227,"end":4471.677},{"text":"to","start":4471.693,"end":4471.918},{"text":"this","start":4471.934,"end":4472.063},{"text":"process.","start":4472.191,"end":4472.706}]},{"text":"We are open to hearing proposals and we stand ready to contribute achieving a reform that will achieve the broadest possible political support rooted in a spirit of accountability and commitment by all members.","start":4472.834,"end":4485.892,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. 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Indonesia.","start":4489.453,"end":4495.351,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4489.453,"end":4489.63},{"text":"thank","start":4489.695,"end":4489.872},{"text":"the","start":4489.952,"end":4490.114},{"text":"distinguished","start":4490.114,"end":4490.581},{"text":"representative","start":4490.581,"end":4491.29},{"text":"of","start":4491.322,"end":4491.451},{"text":"Colombia","start":4491.548,"end":4492.192},{"text":"and","start":4492.273,"end":4492.337},{"text":"I","start":4492.37,"end":4492.386},{"text":"now","start":4492.45,"end":4492.643},{"text":"give","start":4492.756,"end":4492.853},{"text":"the","start":4492.853,"end":4492.998},{"text":"floor","start":4492.998,"end":4493.191},{"text":"to","start":4493.24,"end":4493.401},{"text":"the","start":4493.401,"end":4493.498},{"text":"distinguished","start":4493.498,"end":4493.981},{"text":"representative","start":4493.981,"end":4494.706},{"text":"of","start":4494.706,"end":4494.835},{"text":"Indonesia.","start":4494.867,"end":4495.351}]},{"text":"Thank 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discussion.","start":4501.941,"end":4505.069,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4501.941,"end":4502.022},{"text":"thank","start":4502.683,"end":4502.989},{"text":"you","start":4502.989,"end":4503.166},{"text":"for","start":4503.166,"end":4503.36},{"text":"convening","start":4503.408,"end":4503.795},{"text":"this","start":4503.811,"end":4504.085},{"text":"focused","start":4504.295,"end":4504.698},{"text":"discussion.","start":4504.698,"end":4505.069}]},{"text":"On the question of veto as we strive to translate the IGN process into tangible","start":4505.526,"end":4509.843,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"On","start":4505.526,"end":4505.606},{"text":"the","start":4505.606,"end":4505.702},{"text":"question","start":4505.702,"end":4505.991},{"text":"of","start":4506.168,"end":4506.216},{"text":"veto","start":4506.216,"end":4506.569},{"text":"as","start":4506.906,"end":4506.954},{"text":"we","start":4507.066,"end":4507.147},{"text":"strive","start":4507.147,"end":4507.596},{"text":"to","start":4507.692,"end":4507.788},{"text":"translate","start":4507.788,"end":4508.27},{"text":"the","start":4508.27,"end":4508.414},{"text":"IGN","start":4508.414,"end":4508.623},{"text":"process","start":4508.671,"end":4508.96},{"text":"into","start":4509.072,"end":4509.265},{"text":"tangible","start":4509.377,"end":4509.843}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IGN","affiliation_full":"IGN","group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":32,"start":4509.859,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=4510","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"progress.","start":4509.859,"end":4510.147,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"progress.","start":4509.859,"end":4510.147}]},{"text":"Indonesia regrets the Council's continued inability to effectively fulfill its mandate, as evidenced by the paralysis and deadlock on various draft resolutions.","start":4511.383,"end":4521.316,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Indonesia","start":4511.383,"end":4511.736},{"text":"regrets","start":4511.736,"end":4512.137},{"text":"the","start":4512.282,"end":4512.442},{"text":"Council's","start":4512.442,"end":4512.859},{"text":"continued","start":4512.908,"end":4513.453},{"text":"inability","start":4513.485,"end":4514.015},{"text":"to","start":4514.352,"end":4514.4},{"text":"effectively","start":4514.448,"end":4515.299},{"text":"fulfill","start":4515.395,"end":4515.748},{"text":"its","start":4515.748,"end":4515.924},{"text":"mandate,","start":4515.973,"end":4516.534},{"text":"as","start":4517.321,"end":4517.385},{"text":"evidenced","start":4517.481,"end":4517.979},{"text":"by","start":4517.979,"end":4518.139},{"text":"the","start":4518.139,"end":4518.283},{"text":"paralysis","start":4518.283,"end":4518.893},{"text":"and","start":4519.022,"end":4519.086},{"text":"deadlock","start":4519.182,"end":4519.647},{"text":"on","start":4519.728,"end":4519.776},{"text":"various","start":4519.888,"end":4520.177},{"text":"draft","start":4520.289,"end":4520.642},{"text":"resolutions.","start":4520.642,"end":4521.316}]},{"text":"The demand for a decisive and agile Council has never been more urgent.","start":4522.392,"end":4526.323,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4522.392,"end":4522.472},{"text":"demand","start":4522.472,"end":4522.873},{"text":"for","start":4522.873,"end":4523.049},{"text":"a","start":4523.114,"end":4523.194},{"text":"decisive","start":4523.194,"end":4523.804},{"text":"and","start":4523.996,"end":4524.06},{"text":"agile","start":4524.157,"end":4524.478},{"text":"Council","start":4524.478,"end":4524.943},{"text":"has","start":4524.943,"end":4525.087},{"text":"never","start":4525.184,"end":4525.344},{"text":"been","start":4525.424,"end":4525.553},{"text":"more","start":4525.601,"end":4525.842},{"text":"urgent.","start":4525.842,"end":4526.323}]},{"text":"In this regard, any deliberation on the question of veto should aim to increase the democratic nature of the Council and its accountability to wider UN membership.","start":4526.965,"end":4535.995,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4526.965,"end":4527.045},{"text":"this","start":4527.045,"end":4527.19},{"text":"regard,","start":4527.19,"end":4527.543},{"text":"any","start":4527.607,"end":4527.767},{"text":"deliberation","start":4527.767,"end":4528.457},{"text":"on","start":4528.714,"end":4528.794},{"text":"the","start":4528.794,"end":4528.891},{"text":"question","start":4528.891,"end":4529.228},{"text":"of","start":4529.228,"end":4529.292},{"text":"veto","start":4529.292,"end":4529.693},{"text":"should","start":4529.693,"end":4529.902},{"text":"aim","start":4530.078,"end":4530.126},{"text":"to","start":4530.752,"end":4530.832},{"text":"increase","start":4530.832,"end":4531.378},{"text":"the","start":4531.378,"end":4531.522},{"text":"democratic","start":4531.522,"end":4532.1},{"text":"nature","start":4532.1,"end":4532.421},{"text":"of","start":4532.598,"end":4532.726},{"text":"the","start":4532.726,"end":4532.822},{"text":"Council","start":4532.822,"end":4533.335},{"text":"and","start":4533.783,"end":4533.848},{"text":"its","start":4533.928,"end":4534.04},{"text":"accountability","start":4534.04,"end":4534.713},{"text":"to","start":4534.825,"end":4534.969},{"text":"wider","start":4534.969,"end":4535.306},{"text":"UN","start":4535.306,"end":4535.498},{"text":"membership.","start":4535.61,"end":4535.995}]},{"text":"Indonesia wishes to highlight the following points.","start":4537.069,"end":4539.697,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Indonesia","start":4537.069,"end":4537.517},{"text":"wishes","start":4537.533,"end":4537.838},{"text":"to","start":4537.854,"end":4537.966},{"text":"highlight","start":4538.254,"end":4538.815},{"text":"the","start":4538.815,"end":4538.911},{"text":"following","start":4538.911,"end":4539.28},{"text":"points.","start":4539.392,"end":4539.697}]},{"text":"First, regulating the veto is a necessary transitional step towards eventual abolition of the veto.","start":4540.338,"end":4548.366,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."},{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":4540.338,"end":4540.61},{"text":"regulating","start":4541.299,"end":4541.844},{"text":"the","start":4541.876,"end":4542.02},{"text":"veto","start":4542.02,"end":4542.373},{"text":"is","start":4542.373,"end":4542.485},{"text":"a","start":4542.661,"end":4542.677},{"text":"necessary","start":4542.677,"end":4543.286},{"text":"transitional","start":4543.382,"end":4544.841},{"text":"step","start":4544.841,"end":4545.257},{"text":"towards","start":4545.946,"end":4546.251},{"text":"eventual","start":4546.443,"end":4547.052},{"text":"abolition","start":4547.244,"end":4547.773},{"text":"of","start":4547.885,"end":4547.981},{"text":"the","start":4547.981,"end":4548.11},{"text":"veto.","start":4548.11,"end":4548.366}]},{"text":"Limitations to its use must serve as the basis for broader consensus.","start":4549.247,"end":4553.558,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Limitations","start":4549.247,"end":4549.856},{"text":"to","start":4550.145,"end":4550.257},{"text":"its","start":4550.273,"end":4550.385},{"text":"use","start":4550.513,"end":4550.802},{"text":"must","start":4551.074,"end":4551.25},{"text":"serve","start":4551.25,"end":4551.555},{"text":"as","start":4551.587,"end":4551.667},{"text":"the","start":4551.731,"end":4551.811},{"text":"basis","start":4551.811,"end":4552.228},{"text":"for","start":4552.436,"end":4552.581},{"text":"broader","start":4552.677,"end":4552.933},{"text":"consensus.","start":4552.997,"end":4553.558}]},{"text":"We welcome the discussion on developing a robust qualifying mechanism to balance the prerogative of permanent members with the Council's accountability to the General Assembly.","start":4554.52,"end":4566.025,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4554.52,"end":4554.6},{"text":"welcome","start":4554.6,"end":4554.952},{"text":"the","start":4554.952,"end":4555.08},{"text":"discussion","start":4555.08,"end":4555.529},{"text":"on","start":4555.577,"end":4555.625},{"text":"developing","start":4555.657,"end":4556.106},{"text":"a","start":4556.298,"end":4556.378},{"text":"robust","start":4556.378,"end":4556.923},{"text":"qualifying","start":4557.019,"end":4557.612},{"text":"mechanism","start":4557.66,"end":4558.109},{"text":"to","start":4558.767,"end":4558.863},{"text":"balance","start":4558.863,"end":4560.164},{"text":"the","start":4560.292,"end":4560.453},{"text":"prerogative","start":4560.453,"end":4561.24},{"text":"of","start":4561.673,"end":4561.802},{"text":"permanent","start":4561.834,"end":4562.203},{"text":"members","start":4562.235,"end":4562.524},{"text":"with","start":4562.942,"end":4563.006},{"text":"the","start":4563.022,"end":4563.183},{"text":"Council's","start":4563.183,"end":4563.696},{"text":"accountability","start":4563.841,"end":4564.612},{"text":"to","start":4565.061,"end":4565.174},{"text":"the","start":4565.206,"end":4565.286},{"text":"General","start":4565.286,"end":4565.559},{"text":"Assembly.","start":4565.607,"end":4566.025}]},{"text":"This should include strengthening the obligation on the vetoing member to provide a formal transparent justification to the membership at large.","start":4567.116,"end":4576.092,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. 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Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":4577.344,"end":4577.778},{"text":"we","start":4578.051,"end":4578.179},{"text":"must","start":4578.195,"end":4578.436},{"text":"ensure","start":4578.452,"end":4578.806},{"text":"that","start":4579.416,"end":4579.673},{"text":"any","start":4579.737,"end":4579.914},{"text":"reform","start":4579.914,"end":4580.347},{"text":"efforts","start":4580.925,"end":4581.278},{"text":"align","start":4581.648,"end":4581.953},{"text":"with","start":4582.21,"end":4582.402},{"text":"equitable","start":4582.467,"end":4582.964},{"text":"geographic","start":4583.334,"end":4583.767},{"text":"representation.","start":4583.88,"end":4584.473}]},{"text":"Any discussions on the two-tiered permanent membership must be designed to dilute, not reinforce, the current concentration of power.","start":4585.596,"end":4593.714,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":4585.596,"end":4585.821},{"text":"discussions","start":4585.821,"end":4586.366},{"text":"on","start":4586.543,"end":4586.575},{"text":"the","start":4586.575,"end":4586.783},{"text":"two-tiered","start":4586.783,"end":4587.409},{"text":"permanent","start":4587.682,"end":4588.163},{"text":"membership","start":4588.163,"end":4588.645},{"text":"must","start":4589.19,"end":4589.367},{"text":"be","start":4589.367,"end":4589.447},{"text":"designed","start":4589.447,"end":4589.896},{"text":"to","start":4590.072,"end":4590.137},{"text":"dilute,","start":4590.169,"end":4590.73},{"text":"not","start":4591.067,"end":4591.308},{"text":"reinforce,","start":4591.308,"end":4591.805},{"text":"the","start":4592.158,"end":4592.254},{"text":"current","start":4592.254,"end":4592.543},{"text":"concentration","start":4592.575,"end":4593.265},{"text":"of","start":4593.297,"end":4593.426},{"text":"power.","start":4593.522,"end":4593.714}]},{"text":"We cannot support a reform that merely expands the number of members without enhancing the Council's overall representative legitimacy and operational effectiveness.","start":4594.966,"end":4605.138,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. 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Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"Indonesia","start":4617.202,"end":4617.603},{"text":"welcomes","start":4617.603,"end":4618.084},{"text":"any","start":4618.165,"end":4618.325},{"text":"discussions","start":4618.325,"end":4618.903},{"text":"that","start":4619.127,"end":4619.368},{"text":"keeps","start":4619.368,"end":4619.689},{"text":"the","start":4619.689,"end":4619.785},{"text":"momentum","start":4619.785,"end":4620.33},{"text":"of","start":4620.411,"end":4620.555},{"text":"the","start":4620.555,"end":4620.651},{"text":"reform","start":4620.651,"end":4621.1},{"text":"alive,","start":4621.197,"end":4621.421},{"text":"including","start":4621.935,"end":4622.304},{"text":"on","start":4622.576,"end":4622.625},{"text":"recent","start":4622.721,"end":4622.977},{"text":"initiatives","start":4622.977,"end":4624.149},{"text":"to","start":4624.181,"end":4624.261},{"text":"address","start":4624.261,"end":4624.726},{"text":"the","start":4624.726,"end":4624.822},{"text":"current","start":4624.822,"end":4625.143},{"text":"lack","start":4625.143,"end":4625.32},{"text":"of","start":4625.384,"end":4625.528},{"text":"implementation","start":4625.528,"end":4626.154},{"text":"of","start":4626.266,"end":4626.395},{"text":"Article","start":4626.427,"end":4626.844},{"text":"27.","start":4626.844,"end":4627.79}]},{"text":"Indonesia stands ready to engage with proposals on regulations of the COFITO as a catalyst for a more representative and and functional Council.","start":4628.833,"end":4636.783,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. 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Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"Co-chairs,","start":4637.738,"end":4638.127},{"text":"the","start":4639.049,"end":4639.195},{"text":"call","start":4639.195,"end":4639.519},{"text":"for","start":4639.6,"end":4639.794},{"text":"a","start":4639.794,"end":4639.859},{"text":"Council","start":4639.859,"end":4640.344},{"text":"that","start":4640.49,"end":4640.668},{"text":"reflects","start":4640.668,"end":4641.218},{"text":"the","start":4641.218,"end":4641.315},{"text":"complexities","start":4641.315,"end":4641.931},{"text":"of","start":4642.044,"end":4642.092},{"text":"the","start":4642.19,"end":4642.287},{"text":"21st","start":4642.287,"end":4642.724},{"text":"century","start":4642.724,"end":4643.096},{"text":"can","start":4643.177,"end":4643.339},{"text":"no","start":4643.339,"end":4643.42},{"text":"longer","start":4643.484,"end":4643.727},{"text":"be","start":4643.824,"end":4643.922},{"text":"ignored.","start":4643.922,"end":4644.229}]},{"text":"As we navigate this path towards reform, rest assured of Indonesia's commitment towards a Council that delivers on its promise of peace for all.","start":4644.856,"end":4653.55,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. 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thank you.","start":4653.936,"end":4654.34,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4653.936,"end":4653.953},{"text":"thank","start":4653.953,"end":4654.195},{"text":"you.","start":4654.195,"end":4654.34}]},{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Indonesia, and I now give the floor to the distinguished representative I would like to thank you, both 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co-chairs, for convening this session, a very important discussion.","start":4673.02,"end":4677.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"you","start":4673.02,"end":4673.133},{"text":"co-chairs,","start":4673.829,"end":4674.297},{"text":"for","start":4674.491,"end":4674.831},{"text":"convening","start":4674.976,"end":4675.364},{"text":"this","start":4675.461,"end":4675.574},{"text":"session,","start":4675.622,"end":4675.994},{"text":"a","start":4676.43,"end":4676.446},{"text":"very","start":4676.511,"end":4676.737},{"text":"important","start":4676.737,"end":4677.157},{"text":"discussion.","start":4677.222,"end":4677.69}]},{"text":"At the outset, I would like to align my 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Group.","start":4684.245,"end":4691.988,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"with","start":4684.245,"end":4684.31},{"text":"the","start":4684.342,"end":4684.422},{"text":"statement","start":4684.422,"end":4685.116},{"text":"delivered","start":4685.132,"end":4685.487},{"text":"by","start":4685.551,"end":4685.745},{"text":"the","start":4685.858,"end":4686.067},{"text":"distinguished","start":4686.277,"end":4686.97},{"text":"Permanent","start":4687.11,"end":4687.481},{"text":"Representative","start":4687.481,"end":4688.192},{"text":"of","start":4688.192,"end":4688.321},{"text":"Italy,","start":4688.45,"end":4688.806},{"text":"on","start":4689.565,"end":4689.613},{"text":"behalf","start":4689.71,"end":4689.985},{"text":"of","start":4690.05,"end":4690.195},{"text":"the","start":4690.195,"end":4690.276},{"text":"Uniting","start":4690.276,"end":4690.663},{"text":"for","start":4690.776,"end":4691.019},{"text":"Consensus","start":4691.019,"end":4691.616},{"text":"Group.","start":4691.746,"end":4691.988}]},{"text":"Together with a large majority of member states, we firmly believe that the paralysis that we see often at the Security Council leading to inaction on crucial matters related to international peace and security stems from the misuse or abuse of the veto power by the permanent members.","start":4697.19,"end":4724.146,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Together","start":4697.19,"end":4697.527},{"text":"with","start":4698.25,"end":4698.459},{"text":"a","start":4699.054,"end":4699.07},{"text":"large","start":4699.536,"end":4699.97},{"text":"majority","start":4700.099,"end":4700.726},{"text":"of","start":4700.902,"end":4701.047},{"text":"member","start":4701.256,"end":4701.497},{"text":"states,","start":4701.497,"end":4702.043},{"text":"we","start":4703.49,"end":4703.651},{"text":"firmly","start":4703.651,"end":4704.101},{"text":"believe","start":4704.117,"end":4704.583},{"text":"that","start":4704.615,"end":4704.937},{"text":"the","start":4704.937,"end":4705.129},{"text":"paralysis","start":4705.258,"end":4705.869},{"text":"that","start":4706.464,"end":4706.835},{"text":"we","start":4707.012,"end":4707.205},{"text":"see","start":4707.447,"end":4707.769},{"text":"often","start":4707.898,"end":4708.204},{"text":"at","start":4708.381,"end":4708.542},{"text":"the","start":4708.542,"end":4708.622},{"text":"Security","start":4708.622,"end":4709.041},{"text":"Council","start":4709.041,"end":4709.572},{"text":"leading","start":4710.812,"end":4711.183},{"text":"to","start":4711.279,"end":4711.392},{"text":"inaction","start":4711.698,"end":4712.229},{"text":"on","start":4712.736,"end":4712.961},{"text":"crucial","start":4713.154,"end":4713.572},{"text":"matters","start":4713.572,"end":4714.006},{"text":"related","start":4714.118,"end":4714.569},{"text":"to","start":4714.617,"end":4714.761},{"text":"international","start":4714.761,"end":4715.388},{"text":"peace","start":4715.404,"end":4715.646},{"text":"and","start":4715.646,"end":4715.726},{"text":"security","start":4715.726,"end":4716.337},{"text":"stems","start":4717.43,"end":4718.025},{"text":"from","start":4718.523,"end":4718.829},{"text":"the","start":4719.021,"end":4719.166},{"text":"misuse","start":4719.166,"end":4719.809},{"text":"or","start":4719.809,"end":4719.857},{"text":"abuse","start":4720.002,"end":4720.565},{"text":"of","start":4720.854,"end":4720.999},{"text":"the","start":4721.16,"end":4721.369},{"text":"veto","start":4721.579,"end":4721.918},{"text":"power","start":4721.918,"end":4722.338},{"text":"by","start":4722.79,"end":4722.984},{"text":"the","start":4723.032,"end":4723.226},{"text":"permanent","start":4723.291,"end":4723.743},{"text":"members.","start":4723.775,"end":4724.146}]},{"text":"This point of view is widely shared even outside the UN, in the think tanks, academia, media, and civil society.","start":4726.422,"end":4737.145,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4726.422,"end":4726.616},{"text":"point","start":4726.842,"end":4727.181},{"text":"of","start":4727.181,"end":4727.246},{"text":"view","start":4727.246,"end":4727.44},{"text":"is","start":4727.569,"end":4727.617},{"text":"widely","start":4727.795,"end":4728.214},{"text":"shared","start":4728.214,"end":4728.634},{"text":"even","start":4729.248,"end":4729.554},{"text":"outside","start":4729.813,"end":4730.168},{"text":"the","start":4730.168,"end":4730.313},{"text":"UN,","start":4730.313,"end":4730.683},{"text":"in","start":4731.747,"end":4731.795},{"text":"the","start":4731.924,"end":4732.166},{"text":"think","start":4732.408,"end":4732.633},{"text":"tanks,","start":4732.633,"end":4733.165},{"text":"academia,","start":4733.439,"end":4734.277},{"text":"media,","start":4734.599,"end":4735.244},{"text":"and","start":4736.355,"end":4736.42},{"text":"civil","start":4736.501,"end":4736.839},{"text":"society.","start":4736.839,"end":4737.145}]},{"text":"And there is an overwhelming sentiment against the veto and how actually this privilege is anachronistic today, along with the permanent membership.","start":4738.684,"end":4756.504,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."},{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4738.684,"end":4738.749},{"text":"there","start":4738.829,"end":4739.006},{"text":"is","start":4739.006,"end":4739.054},{"text":"an","start":4739.167,"end":4739.215},{"text":"overwhelming","start":4739.473,"end":4740.1},{"text":"sentiment","start":4740.309,"end":4741.146},{"text":"against","start":4741.564,"end":4742.385},{"text":"the","start":4742.546,"end":4742.691},{"text":"veto","start":4742.691,"end":4743.093},{"text":"and","start":4744.219,"end":4744.364},{"text":"how","start":4744.702,"end":4744.815},{"text":"actually","start":4745.588,"end":4746.056},{"text":"this","start":4747.621,"end":4747.896},{"text":"privilege","start":4747.944,"end":4748.525},{"text":"is","start":4749.946,"end":4750.172},{"text":"anachronistic","start":4750.914,"end":4751.77},{"text":"today,","start":4752.464,"end":4752.738},{"text":"along","start":4753.932,"end":4754.207},{"text":"with","start":4754.32,"end":4754.513},{"text":"the","start":4754.53,"end":4754.966},{"text":"permanent","start":4754.966,"end":4755.662},{"text":"membership.","start":4755.84,"end":4756.504}]},{"text":"Yet co-chairs' proposals to expand veto-wielding members persist.","start":4758.608,"end":4765.855,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"Yet","start":4758.608,"end":4759.061},{"text":"co-chairs'","start":4759.401,"end":4759.951},{"text":"proposals","start":4760.55,"end":4761.165},{"text":"to","start":4761.262,"end":4761.375},{"text":"expand","start":4761.375,"end":4762.233},{"text":"veto-wielding","start":4762.233,"end":4762.945},{"text":"members","start":4763.042,"end":4763.35},{"text":"persist.","start":4764.75,"end":4765.855}]},{"text":"So how can this dichotomy be defended?","start":4765.903,"end":4768.78,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":4765.903,"end":4765.985},{"text":"how","start":4765.985,"end":4766.098},{"text":"can","start":4766.163,"end":4766.375},{"text":"this","start":4766.651,"end":4766.846},{"text":"dichotomy","start":4767.057,"end":4767.756},{"text":"be","start":4767.951,"end":4768.146},{"text":"defended?","start":4768.26,"end":4768.78}]},{"text":"We believe that the problem cannot be the solution.","start":4771.882,"end":4776.716,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4771.882,"end":4772.061},{"text":"believe","start":4772.061,"end":4772.582},{"text":"that","start":4772.615,"end":4773.152},{"text":"the","start":4773.428,"end":4773.673},{"text":"problem","start":4773.819,"end":4774.193},{"text":"cannot","start":4774.812,"end":4775.333},{"text":"be","start":4775.463,"end":4775.723},{"text":"the","start":4776.016,"end":4776.195},{"text":"solution.","start":4776.195,"end":4776.716}]},{"text":"Pakistan's policy position remains clear and consistent.","start":4778.11,"end":4782.007,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Pakistan's","start":4778.11,"end":4778.528},{"text":"policy","start":4778.528,"end":4778.995},{"text":"position","start":4779.35,"end":4779.801},{"text":"remains","start":4780.3,"end":4780.767},{"text":"clear","start":4780.864,"end":4781.121},{"text":"and","start":4781.282,"end":4781.347},{"text":"consistent.","start":4781.444,"end":4782.007}]},{"text":"The veto should either be abolished or, at a minimum, its use by the current permanent members severely restricted.","start":4782.958,"end":4792.992,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."},{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4782.958,"end":4783.119},{"text":"veto","start":4783.119,"end":4783.392},{"text":"should","start":4783.392,"end":4783.747},{"text":"either","start":4783.843,"end":4784.021},{"text":"be","start":4784.101,"end":4784.246},{"text":"abolished","start":4784.246,"end":4784.955},{"text":"or,","start":4785.615,"end":4785.647},{"text":"at","start":4786.688,"end":4786.802},{"text":"a","start":4786.802,"end":4786.868},{"text":"minimum,","start":4786.868,"end":4787.327},{"text":"its","start":4788.326,"end":4788.654},{"text":"use","start":4788.654,"end":4788.998},{"text":"by","start":4788.998,"end":4789.194},{"text":"the","start":4789.309,"end":4789.505},{"text":"current","start":4789.571,"end":4790.062},{"text":"permanent","start":4790.777,"end":4791.214},{"text":"members","start":4791.246,"end":4791.634},{"text":"severely","start":4791.925,"end":4792.394},{"text":"restricted.","start":4792.394,"end":4792.992}]},{"text":"Any expansion of the veto or addition of new individual permanent members is firmly opposed by us, as more vetoes would only aggravate the problem that we are facing.","start":4794.157,"end":4806.645,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."},{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":4794.157,"end":4794.302},{"text":"expansion","start":4794.351,"end":4794.949},{"text":"of","start":4795.046,"end":4795.159},{"text":"the","start":4795.159,"end":4795.305},{"text":"veto","start":4795.305,"end":4795.644},{"text":"or","start":4795.855,"end":4795.903},{"text":"addition","start":4795.952,"end":4796.324},{"text":"of","start":4796.437,"end":4796.647},{"text":"new","start":4796.696,"end":4796.857},{"text":"individual","start":4797.229,"end":4798.102},{"text":"permanent","start":4798.28,"end":4798.749},{"text":"members","start":4798.765,"end":4799.154},{"text":"is","start":4799.251,"end":4799.315},{"text":"firmly","start":4799.428,"end":4799.752},{"text":"opposed","start":4799.752,"end":4800.235},{"text":"by","start":4800.235,"end":4800.315},{"text":"us,","start":4800.315,"end":4800.605},{"text":"as","start":4802.313,"end":4802.458},{"text":"more","start":4802.635,"end":4802.764},{"text":"vetoes","start":4802.876,"end":4803.263},{"text":"would","start":4803.376,"end":4803.585},{"text":"only","start":4803.698,"end":4803.988},{"text":"aggravate","start":4804.165,"end":4804.97},{"text":"the","start":4805.147,"end":4805.292},{"text":"problem","start":4805.292,"end":4805.679},{"text":"that","start":4805.775,"end":4806.017},{"text":"we","start":4806.017,"end":4806.098},{"text":"are","start":4806.114,"end":4806.259},{"text":"facing.","start":4806.259,"end":4806.645}]},{"text":"And this is a position of principle.","start":4807.402,"end":4809.255,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4807.402,"end":4807.467},{"text":"this","start":4807.483,"end":4807.612},{"text":"is","start":4807.708,"end":4807.805},{"text":"a","start":4807.805,"end":4807.966},{"text":"position","start":4807.966,"end":4808.417},{"text":"of","start":4808.675,"end":4808.819},{"text":"principle.","start":4808.82,"end":4809.255}]},{"text":"However, we also realize that the power of veto remains a reality of the Charter, and the P5 are largely united in preserving this privilege and would resist any dilution.","start":4810.693,"end":4824.914,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":4810.693,"end":4811.161},{"text":"we","start":4811.678,"end":4811.775},{"text":"also","start":4811.839,"end":4812.162},{"text":"realize","start":4812.162,"end":4812.695},{"text":"that","start":4812.727,"end":4812.889},{"text":"the","start":4812.889,"end":4813.034},{"text":"power","start":4813.034,"end":4813.373},{"text":"of","start":4813.373,"end":4813.535},{"text":"veto","start":4813.599,"end":4813.938},{"text":"remains","start":4813.938,"end":4814.471},{"text":"a","start":4814.649,"end":4814.665},{"text":"reality","start":4814.746,"end":4815.359},{"text":"of","start":4815.646,"end":4815.807},{"text":"the","start":4815.807,"end":4815.904},{"text":"Charter,","start":4815.904,"end":4816.308},{"text":"and","start":4816.453,"end":4816.534},{"text":"the","start":4816.55,"end":4816.711},{"text":"P5","start":4816.711,"end":4817.293},{"text":"are","start":4817.293,"end":4817.373},{"text":"largely","start":4817.438,"end":4817.971},{"text":"united","start":4818.245,"end":4818.988},{"text":"in","start":4820.49,"end":4820.555},{"text":"preserving","start":4820.668,"end":4821.12},{"text":"this","start":4821.217,"end":4821.394},{"text":"privilege","start":4821.394,"end":4821.846},{"text":"and","start":4822.508,"end":4822.686},{"text":"would","start":4822.686,"end":4822.928},{"text":"resist","start":4822.928,"end":4823.493},{"text":"any","start":4823.881,"end":4824.026},{"text":"dilution.","start":4824.301,"end":4824.914}]},{"text":"Pakistan therefore supports efforts to enhance accountability and transparency in the use of the veto, including existing mechanisms enabling the General Assembly to review and debate its use.","start":4826.65,"end":4840.788,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."},{"key":"general-assembly-role","label":"Stronger General Assembly Role","description":"Several delegations urged a more active role for the General Assembly when the Security Council is blocked by a veto. They highlighted Assembly debates, emergency sessions, and follow-up action as ways to preserve accountability and sustain multilateral response."}],"words":[{"text":"Pakistan","start":4826.65,"end":4826.844},{"text":"therefore","start":4826.844,"end":4827.248},{"text":"supports","start":4827.248,"end":4827.799},{"text":"efforts","start":4827.815,"end":4828.22},{"text":"to","start":4828.22,"end":4828.366},{"text":"enhance","start":4828.382,"end":4828.884},{"text":"accountability","start":4828.884,"end":4829.725},{"text":"and","start":4830.243,"end":4830.421},{"text":"transparency","start":4830.47,"end":4831.425},{"text":"in","start":4832.267,"end":4832.316},{"text":"the","start":4832.429,"end":4832.558},{"text":"use","start":4832.575,"end":4832.898},{"text":"of","start":4832.898,"end":4833.06},{"text":"the","start":4833.06,"end":4833.141},{"text":"veto,","start":4833.222,"end":4833.708},{"text":"including","start":4833.967,"end":4834.582},{"text":"existing","start":4834.857,"end":4835.23},{"text":"mechanisms","start":4835.262,"end":4836.035},{"text":"enabling","start":4836.712,"end":4837.163},{"text":"the","start":4837.195,"end":4837.276},{"text":"General","start":4837.356,"end":4837.598},{"text":"Assembly","start":4837.598,"end":4838.049},{"text":"to","start":4838.162,"end":4838.388},{"text":"review","start":4838.388,"end":4838.678},{"text":"and","start":4839.596,"end":4839.741},{"text":"debate","start":4839.773,"end":4840.257},{"text":"its","start":4840.257,"end":4840.579},{"text":"use.","start":4840.579,"end":4840.788}]},{"text":"We believe that such initiatives are designed to reinvigorate the charter functions of the General Assembly and not impinge upon the IGN's consideration of Security Council reform.","start":4842.245,"end":4852.73,"topics":[{"key":"general-assembly-role","label":"Stronger General Assembly Role","description":"Several delegations urged a more active role for the General Assembly when the Security Council is blocked by a veto. They highlighted Assembly debates, emergency sessions, and follow-up action as ways to preserve accountability and sustain multilateral response."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4842.245,"end":4842.39},{"text":"believe","start":4842.406,"end":4842.743},{"text":"that","start":4842.791,"end":4842.968},{"text":"such","start":4842.968,"end":4843.176},{"text":"initiatives","start":4843.273,"end":4843.899},{"text":"are","start":4844.075,"end":4844.172},{"text":"designed","start":4844.172,"end":4844.67},{"text":"to","start":4844.67,"end":4844.814},{"text":"reinvigorate","start":4844.814,"end":4845.617},{"text":"the","start":4845.617,"end":4845.697},{"text":"charter","start":4845.761,"end":4846.099},{"text":"functions","start":4846.099,"end":4846.645},{"text":"of","start":4846.645,"end":4846.789},{"text":"the","start":4846.805,"end":4846.885},{"text":"General","start":4846.885,"end":4847.126},{"text":"Assembly","start":4847.126,"end":4847.512},{"text":"and","start":4848.106,"end":4848.17},{"text":"not","start":4848.186,"end":4848.443},{"text":"impinge","start":4848.507,"end":4849.198},{"text":"upon","start":4849.39,"end":4849.663},{"text":"the","start":4849.792,"end":4849.936},{"text":"IGN's","start":4850.016,"end":4850.594},{"text":"consideration","start":4850.594,"end":4851.285},{"text":"of","start":4851.397,"end":4851.494},{"text":"Security","start":4851.542,"end":4851.927},{"text":"Council","start":4851.943,"end":4852.361},{"text":"reform.","start":4852.361,"end":4852.73}]},{"text":"Colleagues, the recent pattern of veto use in the Security Council merits a reality check.","start":4854.031,"end":4859.682,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"Colleagues,","start":4854.031,"end":4854.496},{"text":"the","start":4854.544,"end":4854.785},{"text":"recent","start":4855.395,"end":4855.813},{"text":"pattern","start":4855.813,"end":4856.182},{"text":"of","start":4856.198,"end":4856.295},{"text":"veto","start":4856.295,"end":4856.664},{"text":"use","start":4856.68,"end":4856.921},{"text":"in","start":4857.017,"end":4857.065},{"text":"the","start":4857.178,"end":4857.338},{"text":"Security","start":4857.338,"end":4857.74},{"text":"Council","start":4857.74,"end":4858.221},{"text":"merits","start":4858.221,"end":4858.767},{"text":"a","start":4858.848,"end":4858.864},{"text":"reality","start":4858.944,"end":4859.41},{"text":"check.","start":4859.426,"end":4859.682}]},{"text":"Notwithstanding the veto initiative, the frequency of vetoes has risen.","start":4860.935,"end":4865.977,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"Notwithstanding","start":4860.935,"end":4861.882},{"text":"the","start":4862.316,"end":4862.396},{"text":"veto","start":4862.476,"end":4862.717},{"text":"initiative,","start":4862.797,"end":4863.408},{"text":"the","start":4863.52,"end":4863.6},{"text":"frequency","start":4863.616,"end":4864.291},{"text":"of","start":4864.387,"end":4864.532},{"text":"vetoes","start":4864.788,"end":4865.254},{"text":"has","start":4865.367,"end":4865.575},{"text":"risen.","start":4865.752,"end":4865.977}]},{"text":"This trend reinforces the need to explore measures that can increase the political cost of the veto within and outside the Council.","start":4867.293,"end":4876.975,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."},{"key":"general-assembly-role","label":"Stronger General Assembly Role","description":"Several delegations urged a more active role for the General Assembly when the Security Council is blocked by a veto. They highlighted Assembly debates, emergency sessions, and follow-up action as ways to preserve accountability and sustain multilateral response."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4867.293,"end":4867.422},{"text":"trend","start":4867.534,"end":4868},{"text":"reinforces","start":4868,"end":4868.626},{"text":"the","start":4868.738,"end":4868.819},{"text":"need","start":4868.819,"end":4869.076},{"text":"to","start":4869.076,"end":4869.204},{"text":"explore","start":4869.204,"end":4869.654},{"text":"measures","start":4869.782,"end":4870.232},{"text":"that","start":4870.344,"end":4870.585},{"text":"can","start":4870.585,"end":4870.794},{"text":"increase","start":4870.906,"end":4871.452},{"text":"the","start":4871.468,"end":4871.613},{"text":"political","start":4871.709,"end":4872.207},{"text":"cost","start":4872.271,"end":4872.833},{"text":"of","start":4873.7,"end":4873.844},{"text":"the","start":4873.877,"end":4874.037},{"text":"veto","start":4874.037,"end":4874.503},{"text":"within","start":4874.984,"end":4875.273},{"text":"and","start":4875.643,"end":4875.707},{"text":"outside","start":4875.884,"end":4876.365},{"text":"the","start":4876.365,"end":4876.51},{"text":"Council.","start":4876.51,"end":4876.975}]},{"text":"Moreover, we all know that veto is primarily the power to block decisions of the Council, and we need to address and balance this blocking power through more democratic means.","start":4878.035,"end":4891.667,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. 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Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"Increased","start":4910.967,"end":4911.497},{"text":"number","start":4911.513,"end":4911.85},{"text":"of","start":4911.85,"end":4912.011},{"text":"elected","start":4912.011,"end":4912.461},{"text":"members","start":4912.493,"end":4912.942},{"text":"will","start":4913.135,"end":4913.312},{"text":"tilt","start":4913.456,"end":4913.841},{"text":"the","start":4913.841,"end":4913.938},{"text":"balance","start":4914.002,"end":4914.58},{"text":"away","start":4914.66,"end":4914.997},{"text":"from","start":4915.062,"end":4915.254},{"text":"the","start":4915.383,"end":4915.463},{"text":"permanent","start":4915.543,"end":4916.025},{"text":"members.","start":4916.025,"end":4916.475}]},{"text":"We can agree this is, this is the reality, not the counterintuitive claim by some, primarily the aspirants, that increasing the number of elected members will not lead to rebalancing of the Council.","start":4918.679,"end":4945.898,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. 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Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."},{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. 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The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":5001.3,"end":5001.429},{"text":"a","start":5001.429,"end":5001.477},{"text":"permanent","start":5001.655,"end":5002.124},{"text":"member","start":5002.124,"end":5002.512},{"text":"blocks","start":5002.545,"end":5003.013},{"text":"action","start":5003.094,"end":5003.466},{"text":"that","start":5004.081,"end":5004.339},{"text":"was","start":5004.388,"end":5004.614},{"text":"backed","start":5004.727,"end":5005.099},{"text":"by","start":5005.132,"end":5005.326},{"text":"a","start":5005.617,"end":5005.762},{"text":"broad","start":5005.778,"end":5006.069},{"text":"majority,","start":5006.102,"end":5006.716},{"text":"the","start":5007.772,"end":5007.804},{"text":"veto","start":5007.804,"end":5008.159},{"text":"becomes","start":5008.175,"end":5008.675},{"text":"more","start":5008.82,"end":5009.142},{"text":"isolated","start":5009.223,"end":5009.916},{"text":"and","start":5010.497,"end":5010.642},{"text":"harder","start":5010.674,"end":5011.077},{"text":"to","start":5011.077,"end":5011.239},{"text":"justify,","start":5011.239,"end":5011.739},{"text":"increasing","start":5012.384,"end":5013.061},{"text":"accountability","start":5013.335,"end":5014.19},{"text":"and","start":5015.173,"end":5015.48},{"text":"its","start":5015.512,"end":5015.755},{"text":"reputational","start":5015.755,"end":5016.548},{"text":"cost.","start":5016.548,"end":5017.065}]},{"text":"Co-chairs, the power of veto also empowers the permanent members to influence the outcome of Council's decisions once they are aligned on a certain issue.","start":5018.571,"end":5030.443,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"Co-chairs,","start":5018.571,"end":5019.04},{"text":"the","start":5019.137,"end":5019.218},{"text":"power","start":5019.234,"end":5019.558},{"text":"of","start":5019.622,"end":5019.768},{"text":"veto","start":5019.8,"end":5020.059},{"text":"also","start":5020.189,"end":5020.529},{"text":"empowers","start":5020.529,"end":5020.982},{"text":"the","start":5021.079,"end":5021.176},{"text":"permanent","start":5021.176,"end":5021.645},{"text":"members","start":5021.645,"end":5021.953},{"text":"to","start":5022.147,"end":5022.26},{"text":"influence","start":5022.552,"end":5023.134},{"text":"the","start":5023.264,"end":5023.426},{"text":"outcome","start":5023.507,"end":5024.041},{"text":"of","start":5024.073,"end":5024.219},{"text":"Council's","start":5024.31,"end":5024.888},{"text":"decisions","start":5024.888,"end":5025.482},{"text":"once","start":5026.814,"end":5027.135},{"text":"they","start":5027.135,"end":5027.232},{"text":"are","start":5027.232,"end":5027.328},{"text":"aligned","start":5028.035,"end":5028.693},{"text":"on","start":5029.464,"end":5029.56},{"text":"a","start":5029.56,"end":5029.576},{"text":"certain","start":5029.576,"end":5030.026},{"text":"issue.","start":5030.186,"end":5030.443}]},{"text":"So they only need to persuade 4 other members to get a resolution adopted.","start":5031.407,"end":5037.54,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":5031.407,"end":5031.503},{"text":"they","start":5031.567,"end":5031.728},{"text":"only","start":5031.728,"end":5031.936},{"text":"need","start":5031.969,"end":5032.177},{"text":"to","start":5032.225,"end":5032.338},{"text":"persuade","start":5032.37,"end":5032.964},{"text":"4","start":5033.237,"end":5033.51},{"text":"other","start":5034.859,"end":5035.035},{"text":"members","start":5035.035,"end":5035.469},{"text":"to","start":5035.758,"end":5035.902},{"text":"get","start":5035.902,"end":5036.304},{"text":"a","start":5036.464,"end":5036.48},{"text":"resolution","start":5036.48,"end":5037.042},{"text":"adopted.","start":5037.042,"end":5037.54}]},{"text":"But by enhancing the number of affirmative votes through elected members, the power of the permanent members to influence decisions will be reduced.","start":5038.552,"end":5047.961,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":5038.552,"end":5038.68},{"text":"by","start":5038.712,"end":5038.873},{"text":"enhancing","start":5038.873,"end":5039.467},{"text":"the","start":5039.515,"end":5039.611},{"text":"number","start":5039.611,"end":5039.981},{"text":"of","start":5040.061,"end":5040.173},{"text":"affirmative","start":5040.462,"end":5041.169},{"text":"votes","start":5041.201,"end":5041.538},{"text":"through","start":5041.602,"end":5041.795},{"text":"elected","start":5042.084,"end":5042.534},{"text":"members,","start":5042.566,"end":5043.096},{"text":"the","start":5043.834,"end":5043.931},{"text":"power","start":5043.931,"end":5044.332},{"text":"of","start":5044.332,"end":5044.444},{"text":"the","start":5044.477,"end":5044.573},{"text":"permanent","start":5044.653,"end":5045.119},{"text":"members","start":5045.119,"end":5045.585},{"text":"to","start":5045.777,"end":5045.857},{"text":"influence","start":5045.874,"end":5046.484},{"text":"decisions","start":5046.484,"end":5046.997},{"text":"will","start":5047.062,"end":5047.19},{"text":"be","start":5047.222,"end":5047.319},{"text":"reduced.","start":5047.319,"end":5047.961}]},{"text":"as it would now be required to bring a greater number of members on board, thereby enhancing broader representation.","start":5050.196,"end":5058.258,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"as","start":5050.196,"end":5050.325},{"text":"it","start":5050.357,"end":5050.584},{"text":"would","start":5050.584,"end":5050.811},{"text":"now","start":5051.07,"end":5051.28},{"text":"be","start":5051.49,"end":5051.733},{"text":"required","start":5051.814,"end":5052.348},{"text":"to","start":5052.462,"end":5052.559},{"text":"bring","start":5052.624,"end":5052.834},{"text":"a","start":5052.947,"end":5053.028},{"text":"greater","start":5053.093,"end":5053.368},{"text":"number","start":5053.368,"end":5053.757},{"text":"of","start":5053.821,"end":5053.886},{"text":"members","start":5053.918,"end":5054.291},{"text":"on","start":5054.404,"end":5054.533},{"text":"board,","start":5054.647,"end":5055.068},{"text":"thereby","start":5055.375,"end":5055.893},{"text":"enhancing","start":5056.103,"end":5056.799},{"text":"broader","start":5057.075,"end":5057.399},{"text":"representation.","start":5057.48,"end":5058.258}]},{"text":"Now, as compared to all these options, imagine a council of 11 to 13 permanent members and the ensuing chaos in decision-making and the effectiveness of the Security Council.","start":5059.894,"end":5073.034,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."},{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"Now,","start":5059.894,"end":5060.024},{"text":"as","start":5060.299,"end":5060.445},{"text":"compared","start":5060.558,"end":5060.963},{"text":"to","start":5060.963,"end":5061.093},{"text":"all","start":5061.109,"end":5061.287},{"text":"these","start":5061.287,"end":5061.498},{"text":"options,","start":5061.919,"end":5062.47},{"text":"imagine","start":5062.648,"end":5063.134},{"text":"a","start":5063.134,"end":5063.215},{"text":"council","start":5063.215,"end":5063.653},{"text":"of","start":5063.702,"end":5063.766},{"text":"11","start":5063.815,"end":5064.252},{"text":"to","start":5064.269,"end":5064.431},{"text":"13","start":5064.431,"end":5064.82},{"text":"permanent","start":5064.852,"end":5065.256},{"text":"members","start":5065.256,"end":5065.709},{"text":"and","start":5066.857,"end":5067.003},{"text":"the","start":5067.1,"end":5067.31},{"text":"ensuing","start":5067.44,"end":5067.973},{"text":"chaos","start":5068.394,"end":5068.911},{"text":"in","start":5069.381,"end":5069.51},{"text":"decision-making","start":5069.785,"end":5070.642},{"text":"and","start":5070.82,"end":5070.901},{"text":"the","start":5070.982,"end":5071.063},{"text":"effectiveness","start":5071.063,"end":5071.774},{"text":"of","start":5072.13,"end":5072.259},{"text":"the","start":5072.26,"end":5072.292},{"text":"Security","start":5072.292,"end":5072.704},{"text":"Council.","start":5072.704,"end":5073.034}]},{"text":"Colleagues, another collective interests is to reach an understanding as part of a reformed Council that would require the concurrence of all members of a region for adoption of any resolution related to that region.","start":5074.764,"end":5097.426,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."},{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"Colleagues,","start":5074.764,"end":5075.258},{"text":"another","start":5075.406,"end":5075.72},{"text":"collective","start":5079.07,"end":5079.569},{"text":"interests","start":5079.618,"end":5080.198},{"text":"is","start":5080.278,"end":5080.327},{"text":"to","start":5080.44,"end":5080.585},{"text":"reach","start":5080.585,"end":5080.81},{"text":"an","start":5080.907,"end":5080.956},{"text":"understanding","start":5081.149,"end":5081.858},{"text":"as","start":5083.083,"end":5083.228},{"text":"part","start":5083.341,"end":5083.647},{"text":"of","start":5083.647,"end":5083.825},{"text":"a","start":5083.825,"end":5083.938},{"text":"reformed","start":5084.163,"end":5084.76},{"text":"Council","start":5084.792,"end":5085.324},{"text":"that","start":5086.243,"end":5086.485},{"text":"would","start":5086.549,"end":5086.726},{"text":"require","start":5086.726,"end":5087.597},{"text":"the","start":5087.597,"end":5087.678},{"text":"concurrence","start":5087.855,"end":5088.614},{"text":"of","start":5088.824,"end":5088.953},{"text":"all","start":5089.292,"end":5089.469},{"text":"members","start":5089.469,"end":5089.921},{"text":"of","start":5090.018,"end":5090.131},{"text":"a","start":5090.195,"end":5090.211},{"text":"region","start":5090.211,"end":5090.566},{"text":"for","start":5091.97,"end":5092.471},{"text":"adoption","start":5092.777,"end":5093.245},{"text":"of","start":5093.423,"end":5093.552},{"text":"any","start":5093.746,"end":5093.923},{"text":"resolution","start":5093.923,"end":5094.585},{"text":"related","start":5095.844,"end":5096.344},{"text":"to","start":5096.424,"end":5096.586},{"text":"that","start":5096.812,"end":5097.119},{"text":"region.","start":5097.119,"end":5097.426}]},{"text":"This would, on one hand, raise the political cost of casting a veto on any situation related to that region.","start":5099.234,"end":5106.964,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5099.234,"end":5099.493},{"text":"would,","start":5099.541,"end":5099.767},{"text":"on","start":5100.349,"end":5100.413},{"text":"one","start":5100.591,"end":5100.736},{"text":"hand,","start":5100.833,"end":5101.221},{"text":"raise","start":5101.56,"end":5101.867},{"text":"the","start":5101.899,"end":5101.996},{"text":"political","start":5102.125,"end":5102.594},{"text":"cost","start":5102.61,"end":5103.03},{"text":"of","start":5103.03,"end":5103.159},{"text":"casting","start":5103.27,"end":5103.623},{"text":"a","start":5103.703,"end":5103.783},{"text":"veto","start":5103.783,"end":5104.281},{"text":"on","start":5104.346,"end":5104.394},{"text":"any","start":5104.731,"end":5104.844},{"text":"situation","start":5104.844,"end":5105.518},{"text":"related","start":5105.695,"end":5106.161},{"text":"to","start":5106.193,"end":5106.273},{"text":"that","start":5106.353,"end":5106.658},{"text":"region.","start":5106.658,"end":5106.964}]},{"text":"And on the other hand, even more importantly, this will strengthen the regional ownership in decision-making.","start":5108.265,"end":5116.922,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5108.265,"end":5108.65},{"text":"on","start":5109.228,"end":5109.373},{"text":"the","start":5109.405,"end":5109.534},{"text":"other","start":5109.55,"end":5109.774},{"text":"hand,","start":5109.79,"end":5109.935},{"text":"even","start":5110.674,"end":5110.834},{"text":"more","start":5110.931,"end":5111.252},{"text":"importantly,","start":5111.252,"end":5112.023},{"text":"this","start":5112.376,"end":5112.617},{"text":"will","start":5112.617,"end":5112.73},{"text":"strengthen","start":5112.778,"end":5113.388},{"text":"the","start":5113.42,"end":5113.726},{"text":"regional","start":5113.742,"end":5114.384},{"text":"ownership","start":5114.609,"end":5114.978},{"text":"in","start":5115.91,"end":5115.958},{"text":"decision-making.","start":5116.071,"end":5116.922}]},{"text":"It could be of particular interest to regional groups such as Africa that is increasingly asserting a regional perspective through representatives, through its representatives on the Council, and which is fundamentally different from the pursuit of individual interests and privileges by others.","start":5118.255,"end":5143.982,"topics":[{"key":"african-representation","label":"African Permanent Representation","description":"African states and their supporters emphasized that Africa remains excluded from permanent membership and veto power despite being central to much of the Council's agenda. They framed this as a historical injustice and called for permanent African seats with full prerogatives if the veto remains."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5118.255,"end":5118.464},{"text":"could","start":5118.464,"end":5118.592},{"text":"be","start":5118.721,"end":5118.962},{"text":"of","start":5119.668,"end":5119.813},{"text":"particular","start":5119.845,"end":5120.391},{"text":"interest","start":5120.407,"end":5121.05},{"text":"to","start":5121.226,"end":5121.387},{"text":"regional","start":5121.531,"end":5122.029},{"text":"groups","start":5122.094,"end":5122.527},{"text":"such","start":5123.555,"end":5123.828},{"text":"as","start":5124.005,"end":5124.23},{"text":"Africa","start":5124.583,"end":5125.129},{"text":"that","start":5126.189,"end":5126.446},{"text":"is","start":5126.494,"end":5126.639},{"text":"increasingly","start":5126.816,"end":5127.603},{"text":"asserting","start":5127.699,"end":5128.165},{"text":"a","start":5128.277,"end":5128.422},{"text":"regional","start":5128.422,"end":5128.904},{"text":"perspective","start":5128.92,"end":5129.37},{"text":"through","start":5129.563,"end":5129.82},{"text":"representatives,","start":5129.965,"end":5130.899},{"text":"through","start":5131.881,"end":5132.123},{"text":"its","start":5132.203,"end":5132.332},{"text":"representatives","start":5132.445,"end":5133.395},{"text":"on","start":5133.733,"end":5133.797},{"text":"the","start":5133.829,"end":5133.974},{"text":"Council,","start":5133.974,"end":5134.473},{"text":"and","start":5135.343,"end":5135.423},{"text":"which","start":5135.44,"end":5135.568},{"text":"is","start":5135.665,"end":5135.729},{"text":"fundamentally","start":5135.906,"end":5136.615},{"text":"different","start":5136.969,"end":5137.581},{"text":"from","start":5138.805,"end":5138.933},{"text":"the","start":5138.966,"end":5138.998},{"text":"pursuit","start":5139.063,"end":5139.615},{"text":"of","start":5139.615,"end":5139.761},{"text":"individual","start":5139.875,"end":5140.54},{"text":"interests","start":5140.686,"end":5141.32},{"text":"and","start":5141.32,"end":5141.482},{"text":"privileges","start":5141.482,"end":5142.115},{"text":"by","start":5143.284,"end":5143.478},{"text":"others.","start":5143.673,"end":5143.982}]},{"text":"And we think such an arrangement can also apply to the Arab Group.","start":5145.069,"end":5150.353,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5145.069,"end":5145.134},{"text":"we","start":5145.215,"end":5145.313},{"text":"think","start":5145.313,"end":5145.573},{"text":"such","start":5145.573,"end":5145.848},{"text":"an","start":5145.946,"end":5145.995},{"text":"arrangement","start":5146.124,"end":5146.774},{"text":"can","start":5146.774,"end":5146.904},{"text":"also","start":5147.082,"end":5147.31},{"text":"apply","start":5147.31,"end":5147.539},{"text":"to","start":5149.044,"end":5149.224},{"text":"the","start":5149.224,"end":5149.42},{"text":"Arab","start":5149.78,"end":5150.059},{"text":"Group.","start":5150.108,"end":5150.353}]},{"text":"Co-chairs, I would like to conclude by saying that the Security Council reform must be comprehensive and addressed as a single undertaking, including the question of veto, which is inextricably linked to the other 4 clusters of reform.","start":5154.09,"end":5175.388,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."},{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"Co-chairs,","start":5154.09,"end":5154.35},{"text":"I","start":5157.378,"end":5157.427},{"text":"would","start":5157.459,"end":5157.555},{"text":"like","start":5157.555,"end":5157.812},{"text":"to","start":5157.812,"end":5157.925},{"text":"conclude","start":5157.957,"end":5158.488},{"text":"by","start":5158.52,"end":5158.713},{"text":"saying","start":5159.179,"end":5159.516},{"text":"that","start":5159.564,"end":5159.741},{"text":"the","start":5159.741,"end":5159.822},{"text":"Security","start":5159.822,"end":5160.256},{"text":"Council","start":5160.272,"end":5160.673},{"text":"reform","start":5160.673,"end":5161.043},{"text":"must","start":5161.091,"end":5161.461},{"text":"be","start":5161.477,"end":5161.686},{"text":"comprehensive","start":5162.056,"end":5162.908},{"text":"and","start":5164.37,"end":5164.531},{"text":"addressed","start":5164.531,"end":5165.013},{"text":"as","start":5165.013,"end":5165.077},{"text":"a","start":5165.109,"end":5165.126},{"text":"single","start":5165.126,"end":5165.543},{"text":"undertaking,","start":5165.592,"end":5166.204},{"text":"including","start":5166.317,"end":5166.784},{"text":"the","start":5166.88,"end":5166.961},{"text":"question","start":5166.961,"end":5167.412},{"text":"of","start":5167.509,"end":5167.557},{"text":"veto,","start":5167.67,"end":5168.088},{"text":"which","start":5169.216,"end":5169.329},{"text":"is","start":5169.522,"end":5169.587},{"text":"inextricably","start":5169.925,"end":5172.003},{"text":"linked","start":5172.277,"end":5172.679},{"text":"to","start":5172.856,"end":5172.969},{"text":"the","start":5173.163,"end":5173.372},{"text":"other","start":5173.469,"end":5173.646},{"text":"4","start":5173.646,"end":5174.032},{"text":"clusters","start":5174.032,"end":5174.5},{"text":"of","start":5174.839,"end":5175.016},{"text":"reform.","start":5175.016,"end":5175.388}]},{"text":"We oppose deferring this issue or addressing it in isolation.","start":5176.777,"end":5180.719,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5176.777,"end":5176.939},{"text":"oppose","start":5176.939,"end":5177.326},{"text":"deferring","start":5177.504,"end":5177.973},{"text":"this","start":5178.086,"end":5178.328},{"text":"issue","start":5178.328,"end":5178.603},{"text":"or","start":5178.877,"end":5178.974},{"text":"addressing","start":5178.974,"end":5179.426},{"text":"it","start":5179.556,"end":5179.911},{"text":"in","start":5180.008,"end":5180.056},{"text":"isolation.","start":5180.186,"end":5180.719}]},{"text":"And we have repeatedly heard from colleagues since this morning the emphasis on some of the core and agreed principles like democracy, representation, accountability, effectiveness, and transparency as the foundation for Security Council reform.","start":5181.647,"end":5205.425,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."},{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5181.647,"end":5181.712},{"text":"we","start":5181.793,"end":5181.873},{"text":"have","start":5181.873,"end":5182.019},{"text":"repeatedly","start":5182.374,"end":5183.148},{"text":"heard","start":5183.245,"end":5183.552},{"text":"from","start":5183.568,"end":5183.713},{"text":"colleagues","start":5183.891,"end":5184.359},{"text":"since","start":5185.021,"end":5185.231},{"text":"this","start":5185.344,"end":5185.408},{"text":"morning","start":5185.586,"end":5185.892},{"text":"the","start":5187.442,"end":5187.635},{"text":"emphasis","start":5187.845,"end":5188.394},{"text":"on","start":5189.056,"end":5189.282},{"text":"some","start":5189.814,"end":5190.04},{"text":"of","start":5190.04,"end":5190.137},{"text":"the","start":5190.17,"end":5190.202},{"text":"core","start":5190.266,"end":5190.541},{"text":"and","start":5191.17,"end":5191.235},{"text":"agreed","start":5191.396,"end":5191.864},{"text":"principles","start":5191.977,"end":5192.671},{"text":"like","start":5194.221,"end":5194.414},{"text":"democracy,","start":5194.543,"end":5195.092},{"text":"representation,","start":5195.609,"end":5196.545},{"text":"accountability,","start":5197.11,"end":5197.835},{"text":"effectiveness,","start":5198.85,"end":5199.656},{"text":"and","start":5200.268,"end":5200.349},{"text":"transparency","start":5200.445,"end":5201.3},{"text":"as","start":5202.54,"end":5202.637},{"text":"the","start":5202.685,"end":5202.782},{"text":"foundation","start":5202.782,"end":5203.475},{"text":"for","start":5203.975,"end":5204.168},{"text":"Security","start":5204.168,"end":5204.571},{"text":"Council","start":5204.635,"end":5205.103},{"text":"reform.","start":5205.103,"end":5205.425}]},{"text":"The veto, in our view, runs counter to each one of those principles.","start":5206.532,"end":5212.312,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5206.532,"end":5206.564},{"text":"veto,","start":5206.564,"end":5207.016},{"text":"in","start":5207.178,"end":5207.226},{"text":"our","start":5207.404,"end":5207.501},{"text":"view,","start":5207.501,"end":5207.694},{"text":"runs","start":5207.823,"end":5208.195},{"text":"counter","start":5208.372,"end":5208.857},{"text":"to","start":5209.858,"end":5210.019},{"text":"each","start":5210.471,"end":5210.697},{"text":"one","start":5210.81,"end":5211.004},{"text":"of","start":5211.053,"end":5211.23},{"text":"those","start":5211.375,"end":5211.585},{"text":"principles.","start":5211.698,"end":5212.312}]},{"text":"We must seriously reflect on this contradiction.","start":5212.764,"end":5216.347,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5212.764,"end":5212.893},{"text":"must","start":5212.893,"end":5213.232},{"text":"seriously","start":5213.232,"end":5213.862},{"text":"reflect","start":5213.862,"end":5214.443},{"text":"on","start":5215.315,"end":5215.38},{"text":"this","start":5215.38,"end":5215.525},{"text":"contradiction.","start":5215.654,"end":5216.347}]},{"text":"That is why we say that if we want a reform for all, there must be no privilege for anyone.","start":5217.331,"end":5229.083,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":5217.331,"end":5217.525},{"text":"is","start":5217.573,"end":5217.638},{"text":"why","start":5217.735,"end":5217.864},{"text":"we","start":5219.106,"end":5219.203},{"text":"say","start":5219.203,"end":5219.557},{"text":"that","start":5220.17,"end":5220.638},{"text":"if","start":5221.041,"end":5221.09},{"text":"we","start":5221.219,"end":5221.364},{"text":"want","start":5221.38,"end":5221.703},{"text":"a","start":5221.703,"end":5221.719},{"text":"reform","start":5221.783,"end":5222.235},{"text":"for","start":5222.751,"end":5222.929},{"text":"all,","start":5223.138,"end":5223.558},{"text":"there","start":5225.6,"end":5225.729},{"text":"must","start":5225.729,"end":5226.086},{"text":"be","start":5226.199,"end":5226.393},{"text":"no","start":5226.62,"end":5227.009},{"text":"privilege","start":5227.56,"end":5228.03},{"text":"for","start":5228.451,"end":5228.581},{"text":"anyone.","start":5228.71,"end":5229.083}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":5229.521,"end":5230.104,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5229.521,"end":5229.602},{"text":"thank","start":5229.602,"end":5229.926},{"text":"you.","start":5229.926,"end":5230.104}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":5230.493,"end":5231.465,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5230.493,"end":5231.06},{"text":"you.","start":5231.4,"end":5231.465}]},{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Pakistan and I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Germany.","start":5232.92,"end":5238.896,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5232.92,"end":5233.034},{"text":"thank","start":5233.066,"end":5233.326},{"text":"the","start":5233.326,"end":5233.586},{"text":"distinguished","start":5233.878,"end":5234.301},{"text":"representative","start":5234.301,"end":5235.096},{"text":"of","start":5235.096,"end":5235.21},{"text":"Pakistan","start":5235.275,"end":5235.811},{"text":"and","start":5235.908,"end":5236.006},{"text":"I","start":5236.006,"end":5236.087},{"text":"now","start":5236.087,"end":5236.265},{"text":"give","start":5236.33,"end":5236.493},{"text":"the","start":5236.493,"end":5236.574},{"text":"floor","start":5236.639,"end":5236.899},{"text":"to","start":5236.899,"end":5237.045},{"text":"the","start":5237.045,"end":5237.142},{"text":"distinguished","start":5237.142,"end":5237.646},{"text":"representative","start":5237.694,"end":5238.425},{"text":"of","start":5238.425,"end":5238.49},{"text":"Germany.","start":5238.522,"end":5238.896}]},{"text":"Thank you, distinguished","start":5242.448,"end":5243.563,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5242.448,"end":5242.609},{"text":"you,","start":5242.609,"end":5242.836},{"text":"distinguished","start":5242.997,"end":5243.563}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"PAK","affiliation_full":"Pakistan","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":35,"start":5243.563,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=5244","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"co-chairs.","start":5243.563,"end":5244.032,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"co-chairs.","start":5243.563,"end":5244.032}]},{"text":"Germany aligns itself with the statement that has been delivered by Brazil on behalf of the Group of 4. I would like to add","start":5244.937,"end":5251.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Germany","start":5244.937,"end":5245.244},{"text":"aligns","start":5245.276,"end":5245.567},{"text":"itself","start":5245.6,"end":5246.084},{"text":"with","start":5246.165,"end":5246.311},{"text":"the","start":5246.311,"end":5246.392},{"text":"statement","start":5246.392,"end":5246.893},{"text":"that","start":5246.893,"end":5247.038},{"text":"has","start":5247.038,"end":5247.184},{"text":"been","start":5247.281,"end":5247.345},{"text":"delivered","start":5247.378,"end":5247.782},{"text":"by","start":5247.782,"end":5248.008},{"text":"Brazil","start":5248.008,"end":5248.396},{"text":"on","start":5248.994,"end":5249.075},{"text":"behalf","start":5249.075,"end":5249.398},{"text":"of","start":5249.398,"end":5249.463},{"text":"the","start":5249.463,"end":5249.544},{"text":"Group","start":5249.544,"end":5249.738},{"text":"of","start":5249.738,"end":5249.802},{"text":"4.","start":5249.802,"end":5250.125},{"text":"I","start":5251.079,"end":5251.144},{"text":"would","start":5251.16,"end":5251.322},{"text":"like","start":5251.322,"end":5251.435},{"text":"to","start":5251.499,"end":5251.58},{"text":"add","start":5251.645,"end":5251.71}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IGN","affiliation_full":"IGN","group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":36,"start":5251.71,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=5252","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"a few additional points in national capacity.","start":5251.71,"end":5254.032,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"a","start":5251.71,"end":5251.726},{"text":"few","start":5251.726,"end":5251.921},{"text":"additional","start":5251.921,"end":5252.376},{"text":"points","start":5252.376,"end":5252.782},{"text":"in","start":5252.863,"end":5252.928},{"text":"national","start":5253.139,"end":5253.448},{"text":"capacity.","start":5253.448,"end":5254.032}]},{"text":"First in here, I would like to echo some of the statements that have been made this morning and many others in previous sessions on the same topic.","start":5255.072,"end":5262.367,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"First","start":5255.072,"end":5255.381},{"text":"in","start":5255.381,"end":5255.446},{"text":"here,","start":5255.462,"end":5255.657},{"text":"I","start":5256.112,"end":5256.16},{"text":"would","start":5256.193,"end":5256.307},{"text":"like","start":5256.355,"end":5256.469},{"text":"to","start":5256.518,"end":5256.615},{"text":"echo","start":5256.615,"end":5256.794},{"text":"some","start":5256.794,"end":5257.038},{"text":"of","start":5257.038,"end":5257.086},{"text":"the","start":5257.086,"end":5257.184},{"text":"statements","start":5257.184,"end":5257.671},{"text":"that","start":5257.671,"end":5257.817},{"text":"have","start":5257.817,"end":5257.98},{"text":"been","start":5257.98,"end":5258.126},{"text":"made","start":5258.158,"end":5258.305},{"text":"this","start":5258.305,"end":5260.238},{"text":"morning","start":5258.432,"end":5258.721},{"text":"and","start":5259.556,"end":5259.62},{"text":"many","start":5259.636,"end":5259.877},{"text":"others","start":5259.942,"end":5260.086},{"text":"in","start":5260.199,"end":5260.279},{"text":"previous","start":5260.279,"end":5260.696},{"text":"sessions","start":5261.098,"end":5261.532},{"text":"on","start":5261.564,"end":5261.612},{"text":"the","start":5261.644,"end":5261.724},{"text":"same","start":5261.724,"end":5261.901},{"text":"topic.","start":5261.949,"end":5262.367}]},{"text":"We understand concerns about creating different categories of permanent membership, one without veto rights, one with.","start":5263.25,"end":5270.479,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5263.25,"end":5263.395},{"text":"understand","start":5263.395,"end":5263.781},{"text":"concerns","start":5263.973,"end":5264.535},{"text":"about","start":5264.616,"end":5265.017},{"text":"creating","start":5265.017,"end":5265.387},{"text":"different","start":5265.499,"end":5265.885},{"text":"categories","start":5265.885,"end":5266.431},{"text":"of","start":5266.624,"end":5266.752},{"text":"permanent","start":5266.929,"end":5267.218},{"text":"membership,","start":5267.218,"end":5267.893},{"text":"one","start":5268.23,"end":5268.358},{"text":"without","start":5268.535,"end":5268.872},{"text":"veto","start":5268.872,"end":5269.113},{"text":"rights,","start":5269.113,"end":5269.467},{"text":"one","start":5269.82,"end":5270.045},{"text":"with.","start":5270.222,"end":5270.479}]},{"text":"We agree that no reform should create a second class of permanent members.","start":5271.442,"end":5275.426,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. 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Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5276.406,"end":5276.486},{"text":"principle,","start":5276.486,"end":5277.113},{"text":"new","start":5277.45,"end":5277.578},{"text":"member—","start":5277.61,"end":5277.948},{"text":"new","start":5278.108,"end":5278.237},{"text":"permanent","start":5278.269,"end":5278.622},{"text":"members","start":5278.622,"end":5278.96},{"text":"should","start":5279.217,"end":5279.393},{"text":"carry","start":5279.393,"end":5279.763},{"text":"the","start":5279.779,"end":5279.859},{"text":"same","start":5279.859,"end":5280.116},{"text":"responsibilities","start":5280.116,"end":5281.128},{"text":"and","start":5281.16,"end":5281.257},{"text":"the","start":5281.257,"end":5281.337},{"text":"same","start":5281.337,"end":5281.706},{"text":"obligations","start":5281.706,"end":5282.333},{"text":"as","start":5283.072,"end":5283.136},{"text":"the","start":5283.248,"end":5283.329},{"text":"current","start":5283.329,"end":5283.602},{"text":"ones.","start":5283.714,"end":5283.859}]},{"text":"At the same time, we believe the issue must be handled with realism and this topic should not be used as a pretext to block the urgently needed reform of the Security Council.","start":5284.998,"end":5296.545,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":5284.998,"end":5285.046},{"text":"the","start":5285.078,"end":5285.126},{"text":"same","start":5285.158,"end":5285.335},{"text":"time,","start":5285.335,"end":5285.655},{"text":"we","start":5285.816,"end":5285.912},{"text":"believe","start":5285.912,"end":5286.249},{"text":"the","start":5286.537,"end":5286.698},{"text":"issue","start":5286.698,"end":5286.906},{"text":"must","start":5286.938,"end":5287.243},{"text":"be","start":5287.243,"end":5287.307},{"text":"handled","start":5287.339,"end":5287.82},{"text":"with","start":5287.82,"end":5288.061},{"text":"realism","start":5288.061,"end":5288.654},{"text":"and","start":5289.985,"end":5290.05},{"text":"this","start":5290.13,"end":5290.194},{"text":"topic","start":5290.29,"end":5290.643},{"text":"should","start":5290.851,"end":5291.028},{"text":"not","start":5291.028,"end":5291.188},{"text":"be","start":5291.188,"end":5291.333},{"text":"used","start":5291.349,"end":5291.637},{"text":"as","start":5291.685,"end":5291.766},{"text":"a","start":5291.814,"end":5291.91},{"text":"pretext","start":5291.91,"end":5292.68},{"text":"to","start":5292.712,"end":5292.84},{"text":"block","start":5292.856,"end":5293.065},{"text":"the","start":5293.578,"end":5293.722},{"text":"urgently","start":5293.754,"end":5294.364},{"text":"needed","start":5294.7,"end":5294.957},{"text":"reform","start":5294.957,"end":5295.31},{"text":"of","start":5295.374,"end":5295.454},{"text":"the","start":5295.502,"end":5295.582},{"text":"Security","start":5295.582,"end":5296.08},{"text":"Council.","start":5296.08,"end":5296.545}]},{"text":"We therefore have proposed in the past an interim arrangement and it has been referenced by my colleague from Brazil.","start":5297.748,"end":5303.28,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5297.748,"end":5297.828},{"text":"therefore","start":5297.844,"end":5298.341},{"text":"have","start":5298.469,"end":5298.646},{"text":"proposed","start":5298.662,"end":5299.095},{"text":"in","start":5299.271,"end":5299.319},{"text":"the","start":5299.351,"end":5299.447},{"text":"past","start":5299.447,"end":5299.929},{"text":"an","start":5300.025,"end":5300.105},{"text":"interim","start":5300.153,"end":5300.49},{"text":"arrangement","start":5300.49,"end":5301.035},{"text":"and","start":5301.035,"end":5301.099},{"text":"it","start":5301.131,"end":5301.196},{"text":"has","start":5301.196,"end":5301.34},{"text":"been","start":5301.372,"end":5301.532},{"text":"referenced","start":5301.532,"end":5302.11},{"text":"by","start":5302.158,"end":5302.334},{"text":"my","start":5302.334,"end":5302.43},{"text":"colleague","start":5302.559,"end":5302.815},{"text":"from","start":5302.815,"end":5302.976},{"text":"Brazil.","start":5302.976,"end":5303.28}]},{"text":"New permanent members should not exercise the veto right until a decision on the matter has been taken during a review which should take place 15 years after a successful reform.","start":5304.515,"end":5315.013,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."},{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"New","start":5304.515,"end":5304.66},{"text":"permanent","start":5304.66,"end":5304.996},{"text":"members","start":5304.996,"end":5305.429},{"text":"should","start":5305.846,"end":5306.039},{"text":"not","start":5306.087,"end":5306.328},{"text":"exercise","start":5306.344,"end":5306.953},{"text":"the","start":5307.45,"end":5307.546},{"text":"veto","start":5307.546,"end":5307.835},{"text":"right","start":5307.851,"end":5308.188},{"text":"until","start":5308.252,"end":5308.525},{"text":"a","start":5308.525,"end":5308.589},{"text":"decision","start":5308.589,"end":5309.134},{"text":"on","start":5309.134,"end":5309.166},{"text":"the","start":5309.166,"end":5309.246},{"text":"matter","start":5309.246,"end":5309.519},{"text":"has","start":5309.519,"end":5309.599},{"text":"been","start":5309.695,"end":5309.776},{"text":"taken","start":5309.76,"end":5310.065},{"text":"during","start":5310.113,"end":5310.322},{"text":"a","start":5310.37,"end":5310.386},{"text":"review","start":5310.515,"end":5310.788},{"text":"which","start":5311.559,"end":5311.768},{"text":"should","start":5312.025,"end":5312.202},{"text":"take","start":5312.202,"end":5312.378},{"text":"place","start":5312.443,"end":5312.684},{"text":"15","start":5312.684,"end":5313.021},{"text":"years","start":5313.021,"end":5313.294},{"text":"after","start":5313.551,"end":5313.921},{"text":"a","start":5313.969,"end":5313.985},{"text":"successful","start":5313.985,"end":5314.595},{"text":"reform.","start":5314.612,"end":5315.013}]},{"text":"Second, we remain convinced that any discussion of veto rights must be part— must be part of a broader reform package, a package that improves both the Council's representativeness and its ability to act.","start":5316.443,"end":5331.979,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."},{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":5316.443,"end":5317.005},{"text":"we","start":5317.905,"end":5318.162},{"text":"remain","start":5318.371,"end":5318.676},{"text":"convinced","start":5318.708,"end":5319.303},{"text":"that","start":5319.415,"end":5319.705},{"text":"any","start":5319.897,"end":5320.042},{"text":"discussion","start":5320.074,"end":5320.685},{"text":"of","start":5321.52,"end":5321.649},{"text":"veto","start":5321.681,"end":5321.922},{"text":"rights","start":5321.922,"end":5322.259},{"text":"must","start":5322.468,"end":5322.677},{"text":"be","start":5322.709,"end":5322.805},{"text":"part—","start":5322.805,"end":5323.384},{"text":"must","start":5323.769,"end":5323.93},{"text":"be","start":5323.93,"end":5324.075},{"text":"part","start":5324.075,"end":5324.412},{"text":"of","start":5324.412,"end":5324.508},{"text":"a","start":5324.573,"end":5324.749},{"text":"broader","start":5325.055,"end":5325.376},{"text":"reform","start":5325.376,"end":5325.778},{"text":"package,","start":5325.778,"end":5326.115},{"text":"a","start":5326.34,"end":5326.356},{"text":"package","start":5326.565,"end":5326.87},{"text":"that","start":5327.063,"end":5327.224},{"text":"improves","start":5327.224,"end":5327.673},{"text":"both","start":5327.786,"end":5328.075},{"text":"the","start":5328.188,"end":5328.332},{"text":"Council's","start":5328.332,"end":5328.83},{"text":"representativeness","start":5328.894,"end":5329.826},{"text":"and","start":5330.501,"end":5330.646},{"text":"its","start":5330.742,"end":5330.919},{"text":"ability","start":5330.999,"end":5331.497},{"text":"to","start":5331.497,"end":5331.61},{"text":"act.","start":5331.722,"end":5331.979}]},{"text":"This being said, a discussion on how to limit use of the veto could help build wider consensus around such a comprehensive package.","start":5333.313,"end":5341.269,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5333.313,"end":5333.377},{"text":"being","start":5333.489,"end":5333.618},{"text":"said,","start":5333.634,"end":5334.02},{"text":"a","start":5334.919,"end":5334.935},{"text":"discussion","start":5334.951,"end":5335.498},{"text":"on","start":5335.498,"end":5335.626},{"text":"how","start":5335.642,"end":5335.739},{"text":"to","start":5335.819,"end":5335.915},{"text":"limit","start":5335.964,"end":5336.478},{"text":"use","start":5336.462,"end":5336.722},{"text":"of","start":5336.722,"end":5336.771},{"text":"the","start":5336.787,"end":5336.868},{"text":"veto","start":5336.868,"end":5337.274},{"text":"could","start":5337.501,"end":5337.745},{"text":"help","start":5337.745,"end":5337.989},{"text":"build","start":5338.005,"end":5338.313},{"text":"wider","start":5338.313,"end":5338.492},{"text":"consensus","start":5338.492,"end":5339.255},{"text":"around","start":5339.548,"end":5339.856},{"text":"such","start":5339.856,"end":5340.084},{"text":"a","start":5340.197,"end":5340.262},{"text":"comprehensive","start":5340.262,"end":5340.944},{"text":"package.","start":5340.993,"end":5341.269}]},{"text":"Limitation to the veto rights can contribute to safeguarding the Council's effectiveness once new permanent members are added to the Security Council.","start":5343.21,"end":5351.54,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Limitation","start":5343.21,"end":5343.435},{"text":"to","start":5343.483,"end":5343.58},{"text":"the","start":5343.58,"end":5343.709},{"text":"veto","start":5343.709,"end":5343.902},{"text":"rights","start":5343.967,"end":5344.321},{"text":"can","start":5344.595,"end":5344.821},{"text":"contribute","start":5344.918,"end":5345.594},{"text":"to","start":5345.739,"end":5345.852},{"text":"safeguarding","start":5345.884,"end":5346.497},{"text":"the","start":5347.012,"end":5347.109},{"text":"Council's","start":5347.109,"end":5347.512},{"text":"effectiveness","start":5347.512,"end":5348.027},{"text":"once","start":5348.237,"end":5348.624},{"text":"new","start":5348.624,"end":5348.72},{"text":"permanent","start":5348.72,"end":5349.042},{"text":"members","start":5349.042,"end":5349.413},{"text":"are","start":5349.993,"end":5350.17},{"text":"added","start":5350.17,"end":5350.412},{"text":"to","start":5350.412,"end":5350.493},{"text":"the","start":5350.493,"end":5350.638},{"text":"Security","start":5350.638,"end":5351.057},{"text":"Council.","start":5351.057,"end":5351.54}]},{"text":"At the same time, we believe it is instructive to look at the reality in the Security Council as it is today.","start":5352.922,"end":5357.799,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":5352.922,"end":5353.02},{"text":"the","start":5353.02,"end":5353.15},{"text":"same","start":5353.15,"end":5353.329},{"text":"time,","start":5353.329,"end":5353.524},{"text":"we","start":5353.572,"end":5353.702},{"text":"believe","start":5353.735,"end":5353.995},{"text":"it","start":5353.995,"end":5354.141},{"text":"is","start":5354.141,"end":5354.19},{"text":"instructive","start":5354.288,"end":5354.792},{"text":"to","start":5354.792,"end":5354.922},{"text":"look","start":5355.019,"end":5355.182},{"text":"at","start":5355.182,"end":5355.344},{"text":"the","start":5355.344,"end":5355.425},{"text":"reality","start":5355.442,"end":5355.848},{"text":"in","start":5355.848,"end":5355.897},{"text":"the","start":5355.929,"end":5356.027},{"text":"Security","start":5356.027,"end":5356.498},{"text":"Council","start":5356.498,"end":5356.888},{"text":"as","start":5356.97,"end":5357.035},{"text":"it","start":5357.067,"end":5357.213},{"text":"is","start":5357.23,"end":5357.278},{"text":"today.","start":5357.392,"end":5357.799}]},{"text":"Only 2 out of 5 current permanent members have not exercised their veto power since 1989, and this shows we believe that permanent membership, current and future, does not necessarily require a regular use of the veto power.","start":5359.043,"end":5374.123,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."},{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"Only","start":5359.043,"end":5359.257},{"text":"2","start":5360.034,"end":5360.216},{"text":"out","start":5360.513,"end":5360.629},{"text":"of","start":5360.629,"end":5360.695},{"text":"5","start":5360.695,"end":5361.075},{"text":"current","start":5361.108,"end":5361.406},{"text":"permanent","start":5361.522,"end":5361.836},{"text":"members","start":5361.836,"end":5362.15},{"text":"have","start":5362.29,"end":5362.45},{"text":"not","start":5362.498,"end":5362.819},{"text":"exercised","start":5362.884,"end":5363.51},{"text":"their","start":5363.51,"end":5363.606},{"text":"veto","start":5363.606,"end":5363.911},{"text":"power","start":5363.911,"end":5364.168},{"text":"since","start":5364.168,"end":5364.473},{"text":"1989,","start":5364.489,"end":5365.34},{"text":"and","start":5366.175,"end":5366.32},{"text":"this","start":5366.32,"end":5366.448},{"text":"shows","start":5366.561,"end":5366.785},{"text":"we","start":5366.801,"end":5366.898},{"text":"believe","start":5366.898,"end":5367.283},{"text":"that","start":5367.283,"end":5367.396},{"text":"permanent","start":5367.46,"end":5367.781},{"text":"membership,","start":5367.781,"end":5368.279},{"text":"current","start":5368.343,"end":5368.889},{"text":"and","start":5369.065,"end":5369.13},{"text":"future,","start":5369.21,"end":5369.676},{"text":"does","start":5370.125,"end":5370.318},{"text":"not","start":5370.414,"end":5370.767},{"text":"necessarily","start":5370.912,"end":5371.602},{"text":"require","start":5371.956,"end":5372.614},{"text":"a","start":5372.662,"end":5372.678},{"text":"regular","start":5372.742,"end":5372.999},{"text":"use","start":5373.08,"end":5373.385},{"text":"of","start":5373.385,"end":5373.433},{"text":"the","start":5373.465,"end":5373.545},{"text":"veto","start":5373.545,"end":5373.738},{"text":"power.","start":5373.786,"end":5374.123}]},{"text":"Third, on veto restraint, Germany strongly supports the French-Mexican initiative on veto restraint in case of mass atrocity.","start":5375.231,"end":5383.516,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":5375.231,"end":5375.777},{"text":"on","start":5375.873,"end":5375.938},{"text":"veto","start":5376.596,"end":5376.789},{"text":"restraint,","start":5376.853,"end":5377.495},{"text":"Germany","start":5377.88,"end":5378.426},{"text":"strongly","start":5378.715,"end":5379.101},{"text":"supports","start":5379.101,"end":5379.679},{"text":"the","start":5379.727,"end":5379.823},{"text":"French-Mexican","start":5379.823,"end":5380.578},{"text":"initiative","start":5380.626,"end":5381.236},{"text":"on","start":5381.413,"end":5381.461},{"text":"veto","start":5381.573,"end":5381.766},{"text":"restraint","start":5381.83,"end":5382.296},{"text":"in","start":5382.296,"end":5382.376},{"text":"case","start":5382.376,"end":5382.633},{"text":"of","start":5382.633,"end":5382.73},{"text":"mass","start":5382.73,"end":5382.954},{"text":"atrocity.","start":5382.954,"end":5383.516}]},{"text":"We also support the ACT Group's Code of Conduct.","start":5384.544,"end":5387.466,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5384.544,"end":5384.624},{"text":"also","start":5384.64,"end":5384.833},{"text":"support","start":5384.881,"end":5385.411},{"text":"the","start":5385.507,"end":5385.668},{"text":"ACT","start":5385.748,"end":5386.15},{"text":"Group's","start":5386.15,"end":5386.567},{"text":"Code","start":5386.567,"end":5386.808},{"text":"of","start":5386.808,"end":5386.888},{"text":"Conduct.","start":5386.888,"end":5387.466}]},{"text":"These initiatives promote restraint, responsibility, and accountability in the face of crimes against humanity.","start":5388.413,"end":5394.959,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":5388.413,"end":5388.541},{"text":"initiatives","start":5388.574,"end":5389.103},{"text":"promote","start":5389.199,"end":5389.697},{"text":"restraint,","start":5389.697,"end":5390.338},{"text":"responsibility,","start":5390.579,"end":5391.525},{"text":"and","start":5391.541,"end":5391.702},{"text":"accountability","start":5391.702,"end":5392.552},{"text":"in","start":5393.146,"end":5393.21},{"text":"the","start":5393.21,"end":5393.29},{"text":"face","start":5393.29,"end":5393.499},{"text":"of","start":5393.627,"end":5393.707},{"text":"crimes","start":5393.771,"end":5394.108},{"text":"against","start":5394.108,"end":5394.429},{"text":"humanity.","start":5394.429,"end":5394.959}]},{"text":"Finally, we kindly remind that there is already an important restriction of the veto right in the Charter.","start":5395.873,"end":5403.975,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":5395.873,"end":5396.274},{"text":"we","start":5397.237,"end":5397.429},{"text":"kindly","start":5398.344,"end":5398.665},{"text":"remind","start":5398.665,"end":5399.306},{"text":"that","start":5399.306,"end":5399.451},{"text":"there","start":5399.467,"end":5399.643},{"text":"is","start":5399.643,"end":5399.772},{"text":"already","start":5399.964,"end":5400.365},{"text":"an","start":5400.445,"end":5400.494},{"text":"important","start":5400.542,"end":5401.007},{"text":"restriction","start":5401.007,"end":5401.536},{"text":"of","start":5402.435,"end":5402.579},{"text":"the","start":5402.691,"end":5402.772},{"text":"veto","start":5402.772,"end":5403.06},{"text":"right","start":5403.076,"end":5403.397},{"text":"in","start":5403.397,"end":5403.478},{"text":"the","start":5403.478,"end":5403.574},{"text":"Charter.","start":5403.574,"end":5403.975}]},{"text":"According to Article 27, a party to a dispute should abstain from voting under certain circumstances.","start":5404.841,"end":5411.403,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"According","start":5404.841,"end":5405.146},{"text":"to","start":5405.178,"end":5405.306},{"text":"Article","start":5405.483,"end":5405.804},{"text":"27,","start":5405.804,"end":5406.798},{"text":"a","start":5407.36,"end":5407.376},{"text":"party","start":5407.504,"end":5407.825},{"text":"to","start":5407.825,"end":5407.97},{"text":"a","start":5407.97,"end":5408.05},{"text":"dispute","start":5408.05,"end":5408.627},{"text":"should","start":5408.627,"end":5408.852},{"text":"abstain","start":5408.868,"end":5409.317},{"text":"from","start":5409.333,"end":5409.462},{"text":"voting","start":5409.574,"end":5409.959},{"text":"under","start":5410.151,"end":5410.312},{"text":"certain","start":5410.312,"end":5410.633},{"text":"circumstances.","start":5410.633,"end":5411.403}]},{"text":"We are in favor of considering steps to clarify the application of this provision.","start":5412.478,"end":5416.294,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5412.478,"end":5412.606},{"text":"are","start":5412.622,"end":5412.702},{"text":"in","start":5412.702,"end":5412.766},{"text":"favor","start":5412.799,"end":5413.184},{"text":"of","start":5413.184,"end":5413.248},{"text":"considering","start":5413.28,"end":5413.729},{"text":"steps","start":5413.89,"end":5414.098},{"text":"to","start":5414.226,"end":5414.322},{"text":"clarify","start":5414.322,"end":5414.883},{"text":"the","start":5414.883,"end":5415.012},{"text":"application","start":5415.028,"end":5415.621},{"text":"of","start":5415.621,"end":5415.701},{"text":"this","start":5415.749,"end":5415.861},{"text":"provision.","start":5415.925,"end":5416.294}]},{"text":"Chairs, in conclusion, for us the goal remains to strengthen the Council's credibility and effectiveness.","start":5417.785,"end":5424.149,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. 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Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Firstly,","start":5509.896,"end":5510.232},{"text":"Switzerland","start":5510.312,"end":5510.921},{"text":"actively","start":5511.017,"end":5511.434},{"text":"supports","start":5511.434,"end":5511.915},{"text":"voluntary","start":5511.915,"end":5512.364},{"text":"commitments","start":5512.38,"end":5513.021},{"text":"aiming","start":5513.101,"end":5513.325},{"text":"to","start":5513.357,"end":5513.469},{"text":"restrict","start":5513.517,"end":5514.078},{"text":"the","start":5514.078,"end":5514.223},{"text":"use","start":5514.223,"end":5514.479},{"text":"of","start":5514.479,"end":5514.607},{"text":"the","start":5514.623,"end":5514.719},{"text":"veto,","start":5514.783,"end":5515.2},{"text":"particularly","start":5515.28,"end":5515.969},{"text":"in","start":5516.066,"end":5516.13},{"text":"situations","start":5516.178,"end":5517.059},{"text":"involving","start":5517.107,"end":5517.572},{"text":"a","start":5517.748,"end":5517.764},{"text":"genocide,","start":5517.909,"end":5518.694},{"text":"war","start":5519.03,"end":5519.207},{"text":"crimes,","start":5519.207,"end":5519.575},{"text":"or","start":5519.752,"end":5519.848},{"text":"crimes","start":5519.848,"end":5520.184},{"text":"against","start":5520.184,"end":5520.553},{"text":"humanity.","start":5520.553,"end":5521.018}]},{"text":"As coordinator of the ACT Group, Switzerland promotes the implementation of the ACT Code of conduct regarding Security Council action against atrocities.","start":5521.995,"end":5531.757,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":5521.995,"end":5522.059},{"text":"coordinator","start":5522.172,"end":5522.861},{"text":"of","start":5522.893,"end":5523.037},{"text":"the","start":5523.037,"end":5523.181},{"text":"ACT","start":5523.277,"end":5523.71},{"text":"Group,","start":5523.934,"end":5524.191},{"text":"Switzerland","start":5524.591,"end":5525.12},{"text":"promotes","start":5525.12,"end":5525.505},{"text":"the","start":5525.601,"end":5525.697},{"text":"implementation","start":5525.697,"end":5526.611},{"text":"of","start":5526.883,"end":5527.075},{"text":"the","start":5527.075,"end":5527.204},{"text":"ACT","start":5527.284,"end":5527.701},{"text":"Code","start":5527.861,"end":5528.085},{"text":"of","start":5528.085,"end":5528.197},{"text":"conduct","start":5528.31,"end":5528.823},{"text":"regarding","start":5528.823,"end":5529.352},{"text":"Security","start":5529.384,"end":5529.945},{"text":"Council","start":5529.945,"end":5530.33},{"text":"action","start":5530.426,"end":5530.747},{"text":"against","start":5530.747,"end":5531.051},{"text":"atrocities.","start":5531.051,"end":5531.757}]},{"text":"More than two-thirds of Member States have already approved this effort.","start":5532.27,"end":5535.573,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"More","start":5532.27,"end":5532.414},{"text":"than","start":5532.414,"end":5532.494},{"text":"two-thirds","start":5532.591,"end":5533.2},{"text":"of","start":5533.248,"end":5533.328},{"text":"Member","start":5533.328,"end":5533.553},{"text":"States","start":5533.553,"end":5533.857},{"text":"have","start":5533.857,"end":5534.002},{"text":"already","start":5534.178,"end":5534.435},{"text":"approved","start":5534.515,"end":5535.076},{"text":"this","start":5535.076,"end":5535.3},{"text":"effort.","start":5535.381,"end":5535.573}]},{"text":"We call upon those that have not yet done so to join that effort.","start":5535.701,"end":5539.437,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5535.701,"end":5535.797},{"text":"call","start":5535.862,"end":5536.15},{"text":"upon","start":5536.182,"end":5536.487},{"text":"those","start":5536.503,"end":5536.727},{"text":"that","start":5536.743,"end":5536.84},{"text":"have","start":5536.84,"end":5536.968},{"text":"not","start":5536.984,"end":5537.112},{"text":"yet","start":5537.16,"end":5537.417},{"text":"done","start":5537.417,"end":5537.609},{"text":"so","start":5537.641,"end":5537.898},{"text":"to","start":5538.106,"end":5538.283},{"text":"join","start":5538.283,"end":5538.652},{"text":"that","start":5538.764,"end":5538.908},{"text":"effort.","start":5539.149,"end":5539.437}]},{"text":"Switzerland also reaffirms its support for the Franco-Mexican initiative on the suspension of the veto in cases of mass atrocities.","start":5539.95,"end":5547.31,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Switzerland","start":5539.95,"end":5540.415},{"text":"also","start":5540.512,"end":5540.832},{"text":"reaffirms","start":5540.848,"end":5541.329},{"text":"its","start":5541.345,"end":5541.474},{"text":"support","start":5541.474,"end":5541.939},{"text":"for","start":5541.955,"end":5542.051},{"text":"the","start":5542.051,"end":5542.131},{"text":"Franco-Mexican","start":5542.131,"end":5543.077},{"text":"initiative","start":5543.157,"end":5543.67},{"text":"on","start":5543.799,"end":5543.943},{"text":"the","start":5544.055,"end":5544.215},{"text":"suspension","start":5544.215,"end":5544.712},{"text":"of","start":5544.712,"end":5544.841},{"text":"the","start":5544.841,"end":5544.921},{"text":"veto","start":5544.937,"end":5545.338},{"text":"in","start":5545.723,"end":5545.787},{"text":"cases","start":5545.819,"end":5546.236},{"text":"of","start":5546.236,"end":5546.316},{"text":"mass","start":5546.364,"end":5546.492},{"text":"atrocities.","start":5546.556,"end":5547.31}]},{"text":"In support of these efforts, we supported the study Living with the Veto.","start":5547.823,"end":5551.928,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5547.823,"end":5547.871},{"text":"support","start":5547.967,"end":5548.368},{"text":"of","start":5548.368,"end":5548.448},{"text":"these","start":5548.448,"end":5548.593},{"text":"efforts,","start":5548.689,"end":5549.026},{"text":"we","start":5549.09,"end":5549.282},{"text":"supported","start":5549.282,"end":5549.972},{"text":"the","start":5549.972,"end":5550.068},{"text":"study","start":5550.068,"end":5550.437},{"text":"Living","start":5550.789,"end":5551.062},{"text":"with","start":5551.27,"end":5551.495},{"text":"the","start":5551.495,"end":5551.575},{"text":"Veto.","start":5551.575,"end":5551.928}]},{"text":"This was published by Security Council Report.","start":5552.072,"end":5554.397,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5552.072,"end":5552.233},{"text":"was","start":5552.233,"end":5552.361},{"text":"published","start":5552.393,"end":5552.874},{"text":"by","start":5552.874,"end":5553.034},{"text":"Security","start":5553.034,"end":5553.595},{"text":"Council","start":5553.595,"end":5553.884},{"text":"Report.","start":5553.916,"end":5554.397}]},{"text":"It analyses the effects of the veto and proposes additional measures to limit the use of the veto and to promote the more responsible use of it.","start":5554.862,"end":5563.503,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5554.862,"end":5555.103},{"text":"analyses","start":5555.183,"end":5555.728},{"text":"the","start":5555.76,"end":5555.985},{"text":"effects","start":5555.985,"end":5558.181},{"text":"of","start":5556.466,"end":5556.546},{"text":"the","start":5556.546,"end":5556.626},{"text":"veto","start":5556.626,"end":5557.012},{"text":"and","start":5557.028,"end":5557.14},{"text":"proposes","start":5557.189,"end":5557.655},{"text":"additional","start":5557.751,"end":5558.249},{"text":"measures","start":5558.249,"end":5558.619},{"text":"to","start":5558.715,"end":5558.876},{"text":"limit","start":5558.956,"end":5559.181},{"text":"the","start":5559.229,"end":5559.374},{"text":"use","start":5559.438,"end":5559.695},{"text":"of","start":5559.695,"end":5559.791},{"text":"the","start":5559.791,"end":5559.872},{"text":"veto","start":5559.872,"end":5560.306},{"text":"and","start":5560.659,"end":5560.723},{"text":"to","start":5560.82,"end":5560.916},{"text":"promote","start":5560.98,"end":5561.462},{"text":"the","start":5561.462,"end":5561.543},{"text":"more","start":5561.543,"end":5561.719},{"text":"responsible","start":5561.768,"end":5562.475},{"text":"use","start":5562.828,"end":5563.037},{"text":"of","start":5563.23,"end":5563.39},{"text":"it.","start":5563.39,"end":5563.503}]},{"text":"We encourage delegations to draw inspiration from the conclusions of this study as they examine practical ways forward to forge ahead with our goals.","start":5563.631,"end":5574.059,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5563.631,"end":5563.712},{"text":"encourage","start":5563.712,"end":5564.162},{"text":"delegations","start":5564.21,"end":5564.965},{"text":"to","start":5565.061,"end":5565.318},{"text":"draw","start":5565.318,"end":5565.592},{"text":"inspiration","start":5565.72,"end":5566.331},{"text":"from","start":5566.443,"end":5566.572},{"text":"the","start":5566.668,"end":5566.748},{"text":"conclusions","start":5566.748,"end":5567.536},{"text":"of","start":5567.953,"end":5568.002},{"text":"this","start":5568.034,"end":5568.162},{"text":"study","start":5568.21,"end":5568.5},{"text":"as","start":5568.757,"end":5568.821},{"text":"they","start":5568.853,"end":5569.014},{"text":"examine","start":5569.014,"end":5569.464},{"text":"practical","start":5569.496,"end":5570.042},{"text":"ways","start":5570.058,"end":5570.267},{"text":"forward","start":5570.299,"end":5570.669},{"text":"to","start":5570.765,"end":5570.878},{"text":"forge","start":5571.97,"end":5572.259},{"text":"ahead","start":5572.291,"end":5572.597},{"text":"with","start":5572.95,"end":5573.255},{"text":"our","start":5573.336,"end":5573.545},{"text":"goals.","start":5573.657,"end":5574.059}]},{"text":"Switzerland attaches particular importance to the compliance with the Charter and to the smooth functioning of the Council.","start":5574.219,"end":5579.473,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Switzerland","start":5574.219,"end":5574.782},{"text":"attaches","start":5574.782,"end":5575.167},{"text":"particular","start":5575.28,"end":5575.746},{"text":"importance","start":5575.746,"end":5576.147},{"text":"to","start":5576.147,"end":5576.324},{"text":"the","start":5576.324,"end":5576.485},{"text":"compliance","start":5576.485,"end":5576.967},{"text":"with","start":5576.967,"end":5577.079},{"text":"the","start":5577.111,"end":5577.208},{"text":"Charter","start":5577.272,"end":5577.754},{"text":"and","start":5577.77,"end":5577.851},{"text":"to","start":5577.851,"end":5577.995},{"text":"the","start":5577.995,"end":5578.076},{"text":"smooth","start":5578.076,"end":5578.413},{"text":"functioning","start":5578.413,"end":5578.799},{"text":"of","start":5578.831,"end":5578.895},{"text":"the","start":5578.895,"end":5579.04},{"text":"Council.","start":5579.04,"end":5579.473}]},{"text":"In this connection, we underscore the importance of Article 27 Against that backdrop, we align ourselves with the statement made by Liechtenstein.","start":5579.602,"end":5588.378,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5579.602,"end":5579.666},{"text":"this","start":5579.698,"end":5579.859},{"text":"connection,","start":5579.859,"end":5580.309},{"text":"we","start":5580.341,"end":5580.486},{"text":"underscore","start":5580.566,"end":5580.919},{"text":"the","start":5580.919,"end":5581.048},{"text":"importance","start":5581.048,"end":5581.626},{"text":"of","start":5582.012,"end":5582.173},{"text":"Article","start":5582.253,"end":5582.59},{"text":"27","start":5582.59,"end":5584.791},{"text":"Against","start":5583.392,"end":5584.739},{"text":"that","start":5584.739,"end":5584.851},{"text":"backdrop,","start":5584.979,"end":5585.46},{"text":"we","start":5585.637,"end":5585.781},{"text":"align","start":5585.877,"end":5586.166},{"text":"ourselves","start":5586.182,"end":5586.566},{"text":"with","start":5586.663,"end":5586.823},{"text":"the","start":5586.823,"end":5586.919},{"text":"statement","start":5586.919,"end":5587.352},{"text":"made","start":5587.4,"end":5587.624},{"text":"by","start":5587.624,"end":5587.721},{"text":"Liechtenstein.","start":5587.721,"end":5588.378}]},{"text":"We support the draft resolution which aims to strengthen the implementation of it.","start":5588.442,"end":5593.379,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5588.442,"end":5588.538},{"text":"support","start":5588.538,"end":5589.035},{"text":"the","start":5589.099,"end":5589.243},{"text":"draft","start":5589.243,"end":5589.564},{"text":"resolution","start":5589.564,"end":5590.093},{"text":"which","start":5590.125,"end":5590.269},{"text":"aims","start":5590.43,"end":5590.734},{"text":"to","start":5590.846,"end":5591.071},{"text":"strengthen","start":5591.472,"end":5591.969},{"text":"the","start":5591.969,"end":5592.161},{"text":"implementation","start":5592.209,"end":5592.962},{"text":"of","start":5593.155,"end":5593.315},{"text":"it.","start":5593.315,"end":5593.379}]},{"text":"This is crucial to guarantee that the Council is able to act, including when one of its members is party to a dispute.","start":5593.892,"end":5601.17,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5593.892,"end":5594.165},{"text":"is","start":5594.357,"end":5594.421},{"text":"crucial","start":5594.614,"end":5595.046},{"text":"to","start":5595.094,"end":5595.255},{"text":"guarantee","start":5595.255,"end":5595.816},{"text":"that","start":5595.816,"end":5595.928},{"text":"the","start":5595.96,"end":5596.04},{"text":"Council","start":5596.04,"end":5596.377},{"text":"is","start":5596.377,"end":5596.473},{"text":"able","start":5596.601,"end":5596.81},{"text":"to","start":5596.858,"end":5597.002},{"text":"act,","start":5597.082,"end":5597.355},{"text":"including","start":5597.403,"end":5597.948},{"text":"when","start":5598.365,"end":5598.509},{"text":"one","start":5598.605,"end":5598.733},{"text":"of","start":5598.765,"end":5598.813},{"text":"its","start":5598.862,"end":5599.022},{"text":"members","start":5599.022,"end":5599.342},{"text":"is","start":5599.423,"end":5599.551},{"text":"party","start":5599.583,"end":5600.112},{"text":"to","start":5600.144,"end":5600.24},{"text":"a","start":5600.465,"end":5600.497},{"text":"dispute.","start":5600.625,"end":5601.17}]},{"text":"These efforts serve to bolster the Council's ability to act and to discharge its mandate.","start":5601.571,"end":5607.149,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":5601.571,"end":5601.795},{"text":"efforts","start":5601.971,"end":5602.324},{"text":"serve","start":5602.324,"end":5602.757},{"text":"to","start":5602.933,"end":5603.061},{"text":"bolster","start":5603.27,"end":5603.815},{"text":"the","start":5603.831,"end":5603.991},{"text":"Council's","start":5603.991,"end":5604.488},{"text":"ability","start":5604.488,"end":5604.921},{"text":"to","start":5604.953,"end":5605.081},{"text":"act","start":5605.258,"end":5605.594},{"text":"and","start":5605.658,"end":5605.835},{"text":"to","start":5605.835,"end":5606.059},{"text":"discharge","start":5606.059,"end":5606.556},{"text":"its","start":5606.556,"end":5606.668},{"text":"mandate.","start":5606.716,"end":5607.149}]},{"text":"By way of conclusion, I wish to say that the guiding questions put forward by the co-chairs are 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be examined in depth in view of concrete proposals.","start":5613.93,"end":5617.876,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":5613.93,"end":5614.026},{"text":"must","start":5614.026,"end":5614.315},{"text":"be","start":5614.315,"end":5614.411},{"text":"examined","start":5614.411,"end":5614.86},{"text":"in","start":5614.956,"end":5615.1},{"text":"depth","start":5615.132,"end":5615.341},{"text":"in","start":5615.999,"end":5616.063},{"text":"view","start":5616.32,"end":5616.544},{"text":"of","start":5616.673,"end":5616.785},{"text":"concrete","start":5616.817,"end":5617.234},{"text":"proposals.","start":5617.282,"end":5617.876}]},{"text":"Switzerland is convinced that solutions do exist.","start":5617.94,"end":5621.004,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Switzerland","start":5617.94,"end":5618.501},{"text":"is","start":5618.501,"end":5618.598},{"text":"convinced","start":5618.646,"end":5619.223},{"text":"that","start":5619.223,"end":5619.336},{"text":"solutions","start":5619.4,"end":5620.041},{"text":"do","start":5620.106,"end":5620.218},{"text":"exist.","start":5620.41,"end":5621.004}]},{"text":"These solutions, if they are to come to pass, require transparent dialogue and text-based negotiations.","start":5621.694,"end":5628.095,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":5621.694,"end":5621.918},{"text":"solutions,","start":5622.047,"end":5622.721},{"text":"if","start":5622.769,"end":5622.897},{"text":"they","start":5622.897,"end":5622.993},{"text":"are","start":5622.993,"end":5623.154},{"text":"to","start":5623.154,"end":5623.234},{"text":"come","start":5623.234,"end":5623.394},{"text":"to","start":5623.394,"end":5623.523},{"text":"pass,","start":5623.539,"end":5623.747},{"text":"require","start":5623.876,"end":5624.437},{"text":"transparent","start":5624.437,"end":5624.999},{"text":"dialogue","start":5624.999,"end":5625.56},{"text":"and","start":5626.346,"end":5626.571},{"text":"text-based","start":5626.667,"end":5627.244},{"text":"negotiations.","start":5627.244,"end":5628.095}]},{"text":"The veto is not supposed to be a right to put up a stumbling block, but rather a responsible ultimate tool for decision-making and the use of responsibility in there.","start":5629.009,"end":5641.859,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5629.009,"end":5629.747},{"text":"veto","start":5629.747,"end":5630.196},{"text":"is","start":5630.517,"end":5630.581},{"text":"not","start":5630.613,"end":5630.806},{"text":"supposed","start":5630.854,"end":5631.335},{"text":"to","start":5631.335,"end":5631.464},{"text":"be","start":5631.48,"end":5631.688},{"text":"a","start":5631.736,"end":5631.752},{"text":"right","start":5631.881,"end":5632.137},{"text":"to","start":5632.137,"end":5632.186},{"text":"put","start":5632.218,"end":5632.394},{"text":"up","start":5632.394,"end":5632.474},{"text":"a","start":5632.474,"end":5632.538},{"text":"stumbling","start":5632.538,"end":5633.068},{"text":"block,","start":5633.18,"end":5633.677},{"text":"but","start":5633.806,"end":5633.918},{"text":"rather","start":5634.046,"end":5634.367},{"text":"a","start":5634.448,"end":5634.464},{"text":"responsible","start":5634.528,"end":5635.859},{"text":"ultimate","start":5635.891,"end":5637.367},{"text":"tool","start":5637.496,"end":5637.72},{"text":"for","start":5637.832,"end":5638.057},{"text":"decision-making","start":5638.057,"end":5639.068},{"text":"and","start":5639.581,"end":5639.645},{"text":"the","start":5640.303,"end":5640.399},{"text":"use","start":5640.399,"end":5640.656},{"text":"of","start":5640.656,"end":5640.784},{"text":"responsibility","start":5640.784,"end":5641.49},{"text":"in","start":5641.586,"end":5641.683},{"text":"there.","start":5641.683,"end":5641.859}]},{"text":"It should be exercised to protect international peace as part of collective responsibility.","start":5641.923,"end":5646.079,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5641.923,"end":5642.084},{"text":"should","start":5642.084,"end":5642.308},{"text":"be","start":5642.308,"end":5642.517},{"text":"exercised","start":5642.629,"end":5643.078},{"text":"to","start":5643.11,"end":5643.175},{"text":"protect","start":5643.207,"end":5643.768},{"text":"international","start":5643.768,"end":5644.394},{"text":"peace","start":5644.394,"end":5644.651},{"text":"as","start":5644.651,"end":5644.699},{"text":"part","start":5644.795,"end":5644.955},{"text":"of","start":5644.955,"end":5645.1},{"text":"collective","start":5645.02,"end":5645.292},{"text":"responsibility.","start":5645.292,"end":5646.079}]},{"text":"It is the respect of a balance between realism and what is ideal rooted in the Charter, and we must preserve that balance and be responsible and measured.","start":5646.56,"end":5655.772,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5646.56,"end":5646.673},{"text":"is","start":5646.721,"end":5646.785},{"text":"the","start":5646.833,"end":5646.977},{"text":"respect","start":5646.977,"end":5647.603},{"text":"of","start":5647.619,"end":5647.844},{"text":"a","start":5647.844,"end":5647.94},{"text":"balance","start":5647.94,"end":5648.326},{"text":"between","start":5648.326,"end":5648.743},{"text":"realism","start":5648.807,"end":5649.192},{"text":"and","start":5649.304,"end":5649.369},{"text":"what","start":5649.449,"end":5650.524},{"text":"is","start":5650.524,"end":5650.637},{"text":"ideal","start":5650.733,"end":5651.198},{"text":"rooted","start":5651.696,"end":5652.017},{"text":"in","start":5652.017,"end":5652.065},{"text":"the","start":5652.113,"end":5652.257},{"text":"Charter,","start":5652.257,"end":5652.578},{"text":"and","start":5652.594,"end":5652.659},{"text":"we","start":5652.675,"end":5652.771},{"text":"must","start":5652.771,"end":5653.076},{"text":"preserve","start":5653.076,"end":5653.606},{"text":"that","start":5653.622,"end":5653.766},{"text":"balance","start":5653.862,"end":5654.28},{"text":"and","start":5654.28,"end":5654.344},{"text":"be","start":5654.44,"end":5654.536},{"text":"responsible","start":5654.681,"end":5655.307},{"text":"and","start":5655.323,"end":5655.403},{"text":"measured.","start":5655.467,"end":5655.772}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":5656.029,"end":5656.302,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5656.029,"end":5656.27},{"text":"you.","start":5656.27,"end":5656.302}]},{"text":"Thank you, Switzerland, for her statement.","start":5656.35,"end":5658.067,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5656.35,"end":5656.51},{"text":"you,","start":5656.51,"end":5656.607},{"text":"Switzerland,","start":5656.623,"end":5657.216},{"text":"for","start":5657.249,"end":5657.409},{"text":"her","start":5657.409,"end":5657.505},{"text":"statement.","start":5657.505,"end":5658.067}]},{"text":"And I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Kenya.","start":5658.131,"end":5663.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5658.131,"end":5658.195},{"text":"I","start":5658.276,"end":5658.292},{"text":"now","start":5658.292,"end":5658.468},{"text":"give","start":5658.613,"end":5658.837},{"text":"the","start":5658.837,"end":5658.934},{"text":"floor","start":5658.934,"end":5659.126},{"text":"to","start":5659.255,"end":5659.415},{"text":"the","start":5659.415,"end":5659.56},{"text":"distinguished","start":5659.56,"end":5660.041},{"text":"representative","start":5660.041,"end":5660.94},{"text":"of","start":5660.94,"end":5661.068},{"text":"Kenya.","start":5661.1,"end":5663.09}]},{"text":"Co-chairs, Kenya aligns itself to the statement by","start":5664.23,"end":5667.873,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Co-chairs,","start":5664.23,"end":5664.84},{"text":"Kenya","start":5665.273,"end":5665.562},{"text":"aligns","start":5665.578,"end":5665.963},{"text":"itself","start":5666.011,"end":5666.541},{"text":"to","start":5666.541,"end":5666.637},{"text":"the","start":5666.637,"end":5666.717},{"text":"statement","start":5666.717,"end":5667.488},{"text":"by","start":5667.76,"end":5667.873}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"CHE","affiliation_full":"Switzerland","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":39,"start":5668.162,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=5669","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"the representative of Sierra Leone on behalf of the African I would like to make a few thoughts on our national capacity.","start":5668.162,"end":5675.997,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"the","start":5668.162,"end":5668.306},{"text":"representative","start":5668.306,"end":5669.108},{"text":"of","start":5669.108,"end":5669.205},{"text":"Sierra","start":5669.205,"end":5669.446},{"text":"Leone","start":5669.446,"end":5669.718},{"text":"on","start":5670.087,"end":5670.136},{"text":"behalf","start":5670.312,"end":5670.633},{"text":"of","start":5670.633,"end":5670.794},{"text":"the","start":5670.794,"end":5670.89},{"text":"African","start":5670.89,"end":5671.259},{"text":"I","start":5672.48,"end":5672.576},{"text":"would","start":5672.576,"end":5672.801},{"text":"like","start":5672.801,"end":5672.993},{"text":"to","start":5672.993,"end":5673.122},{"text":"make","start":5673.122,"end":5673.475},{"text":"a","start":5673.475,"end":5673.491},{"text":"few","start":5673.62,"end":5673.877},{"text":"thoughts","start":5674.102,"end":5674.535},{"text":"on","start":5674.648,"end":5674.712},{"text":"our","start":5674.744,"end":5674.985},{"text":"national","start":5674.985,"end":5675.387},{"text":"capacity.","start":5675.387,"end":5675.997}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IGN","affiliation_full":"IGN","group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":40,"start":5676.896,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=5677","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"The veto is a structural feature of the Security Council designed to keep the major powers engaged in the multilateral system and prevent decisions that could trigger direct confrontation among them.","start":5676.896,"end":5691.078,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5676.896,"end":5676.993},{"text":"veto","start":5676.993,"end":5677.378},{"text":"is","start":5677.635,"end":5677.78},{"text":"a","start":5677.78,"end":5677.796},{"text":"structural","start":5677.812,"end":5678.406},{"text":"feature","start":5678.422,"end":5678.808},{"text":"of","start":5679.081,"end":5679.225},{"text":"the","start":5679.225,"end":5679.257},{"text":"Security","start":5679.257,"end":5679.771},{"text":"Council","start":5679.787,"end":5680.317},{"text":"designed","start":5680.767,"end":5681.249},{"text":"to","start":5681.249,"end":5681.377},{"text":"keep","start":5681.409,"end":5681.666},{"text":"the","start":5681.715,"end":5681.811},{"text":"major","start":5681.811,"end":5682.212},{"text":"powers","start":5682.212,"end":5682.662},{"text":"engaged","start":5682.855,"end":5683.305},{"text":"in","start":5683.417,"end":5683.465},{"text":"the","start":5683.497,"end":5683.594},{"text":"multilateral","start":5683.594,"end":5684.3},{"text":"system","start":5684.3,"end":5684.75},{"text":"and","start":5685.425,"end":5685.633},{"text":"prevent","start":5685.73,"end":5686.404},{"text":"decisions","start":5686.693,"end":5687.24},{"text":"that","start":5687.513,"end":5687.754},{"text":"could","start":5687.754,"end":5687.93},{"text":"trigger","start":5687.93,"end":5688.685},{"text":"direct","start":5689.44,"end":5689.922},{"text":"confrontation","start":5689.922,"end":5690.628},{"text":"among","start":5690.628,"end":5690.853},{"text":"them.","start":5690.966,"end":5691.078}]},{"text":"Article 27 requires that the Council members party to a dispute abstain from voting on decisions under Chapter 6.","start":5691.913,"end":5701.963,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"Article","start":5691.913,"end":5692.54},{"text":"27","start":5692.813,"end":5693.873},{"text":"requires","start":5694.258,"end":5694.869},{"text":"that","start":5694.965,"end":5695.126},{"text":"the","start":5695.126,"end":5695.286},{"text":"Council","start":5695.286,"end":5695.656},{"text":"members","start":5695.656,"end":5696.153},{"text":"party","start":5696.667,"end":5696.924},{"text":"to","start":5696.989,"end":5697.117},{"text":"a","start":5697.133,"end":5697.149},{"text":"dispute","start":5697.229,"end":5697.76},{"text":"abstain","start":5697.792,"end":5698.241},{"text":"from","start":5698.818,"end":5699.043},{"text":"voting","start":5699.155,"end":5699.524},{"text":"on","start":5699.797,"end":5699.877},{"text":"decisions","start":5699.877,"end":5700.487},{"text":"under","start":5700.904,"end":5701.161},{"text":"Chapter","start":5701.161,"end":5701.497},{"text":"6.","start":5701.497,"end":5701.963}]},{"text":"Yet practice has diverged sharply from principle.","start":5702.989,"end":5707.401,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yet","start":5702.989,"end":5703.262},{"text":"practice","start":5703.952,"end":5704.385},{"text":"has","start":5704.417,"end":5704.578},{"text":"diverged","start":5704.995,"end":5705.701},{"text":"sharply","start":5706.198,"end":5706.663},{"text":"from","start":5706.695,"end":5706.904},{"text":"principle.","start":5707.016,"end":5707.401}]},{"text":"The veto has often been used to protect narrow national interests rather than to uphold collective security.","start":5708.38,"end":5714.652,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5708.38,"end":5708.46},{"text":"veto","start":5708.46,"end":5708.909},{"text":"has","start":5708.925,"end":5709.166},{"text":"often","start":5709.166,"end":5709.39},{"text":"been","start":5709.423,"end":5709.551},{"text":"used","start":5709.727,"end":5710.112},{"text":"to","start":5710.305,"end":5710.449},{"text":"protect","start":5710.449,"end":5710.85},{"text":"narrow","start":5710.85,"end":5711.203},{"text":"national","start":5711.203,"end":5711.636},{"text":"interests","start":5711.669,"end":5712.246},{"text":"rather","start":5712.535,"end":5712.775},{"text":"than","start":5712.791,"end":5713.016},{"text":"to","start":5713.016,"end":5713.064},{"text":"uphold","start":5713.112,"end":5713.594},{"text":"collective","start":5713.594,"end":5714.075},{"text":"security.","start":5714.075,"end":5714.652}]},{"text":"When wielded, the Council cannot act and civilian populations bear the heaviest costs.","start":5715.503,"end":5721.182,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":5715.503,"end":5715.567},{"text":"wielded,","start":5715.679,"end":5716.128},{"text":"the","start":5716.866,"end":5717.043},{"text":"Council","start":5717.043,"end":5717.572},{"text":"cannot","start":5717.588,"end":5718.07},{"text":"act","start":5718.15,"end":5718.551},{"text":"and","start":5718.791,"end":5718.888},{"text":"civilian","start":5718.952,"end":5719.385},{"text":"populations","start":5719.449,"end":5720.027},{"text":"bear","start":5720.171,"end":5720.412},{"text":"the","start":5720.412,"end":5720.476},{"text":"heaviest","start":5720.476,"end":5720.957},{"text":"costs.","start":5720.973,"end":5721.182}]},{"text":"The Council's paralysis erodes global confidence in the Council and weakens the broader UN peace and security architecture.","start":5722.176,"end":5732.088,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5722.176,"end":5722.337},{"text":"Council's","start":5722.337,"end":5722.866},{"text":"paralysis","start":5723.139,"end":5723.829},{"text":"erodes","start":5724.567,"end":5725.032},{"text":"global","start":5725.369,"end":5725.753},{"text":"confidence","start":5725.85,"end":5726.363},{"text":"in","start":5726.363,"end":5726.475},{"text":"the","start":5726.507,"end":5726.668},{"text":"Council","start":5726.668,"end":5727.181},{"text":"and","start":5727.309,"end":5727.373},{"text":"weakens","start":5727.469,"end":5727.838},{"text":"the","start":5727.87,"end":5728.031},{"text":"broader","start":5728.031,"end":5728.48},{"text":"UN","start":5728.816,"end":5729.121},{"text":"peace","start":5729.153,"end":5729.394},{"text":"and","start":5729.394,"end":5729.522},{"text":"security","start":5729.554,"end":5730.083},{"text":"architecture.","start":5730.18,"end":5732.088}]},{"text":"How then can the veto be exercised responsibly?","start":5732.826,"end":5736.097,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"How","start":5732.826,"end":5732.954},{"text":"then","start":5733.066,"end":5733.211},{"text":"can","start":5733.307,"end":5733.451},{"text":"the","start":5733.788,"end":5733.884},{"text":"veto","start":5733.884,"end":5734.349},{"text":"be","start":5734.365,"end":5734.558},{"text":"exercised","start":5734.75,"end":5735.328},{"text":"responsibly?","start":5735.328,"end":5736.097}]},{"text":"The question of the veto is intricately linked to the discussions on the categories of membership, particularly its expansion.","start":5737.011,"end":5744.645,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5737.011,"end":5737.172},{"text":"question","start":5737.172,"end":5737.493},{"text":"of","start":5737.493,"end":5737.637},{"text":"the","start":5737.637,"end":5737.717},{"text":"veto","start":5737.717,"end":5738.054},{"text":"is","start":5738.054,"end":5738.182},{"text":"intricately","start":5738.759,"end":5739.465},{"text":"linked","start":5740.123,"end":5740.507},{"text":"to","start":5740.62,"end":5740.716},{"text":"the","start":5740.716,"end":5740.86},{"text":"discussions","start":5740.86,"end":5741.518},{"text":"on","start":5741.726,"end":5741.774},{"text":"the","start":5741.823,"end":5741.903},{"text":"categories","start":5741.903,"end":5742.544},{"text":"of","start":5742.544,"end":5742.576},{"text":"membership,","start":5742.576,"end":5743.105},{"text":"particularly","start":5743.186,"end":5743.667},{"text":"its","start":5743.667,"end":5744.052},{"text":"expansion.","start":5744.052,"end":5744.645}]},{"text":"The common African position fundamentally opposes the veto.","start":5745.671,"end":5749.119,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5745.671,"end":5745.816},{"text":"common","start":5745.816,"end":5746.088},{"text":"African","start":5746.136,"end":5746.602},{"text":"position","start":5746.714,"end":5747.147},{"text":"fundamentally","start":5747.259,"end":5747.965},{"text":"opposes","start":5747.997,"end":5748.526},{"text":"the","start":5748.574,"end":5748.718},{"text":"veto.","start":5748.718,"end":5749.119}]},{"text":"However, if it is to be retained, it ought to be extended to all new permanent members.","start":5749.488,"end":5755.428,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":5749.488,"end":5749.889},{"text":"if","start":5750.322,"end":5750.355},{"text":"it","start":5750.403,"end":5750.563},{"text":"is","start":5750.563,"end":5750.611},{"text":"to","start":5750.66,"end":5750.804},{"text":"be","start":5750.804,"end":5750.884},{"text":"retained,","start":5750.884,"end":5751.254},{"text":"it","start":5752.024,"end":5752.137},{"text":"ought","start":5752.313,"end":5752.57},{"text":"to","start":5752.57,"end":5752.65},{"text":"be","start":5752.65,"end":5752.811},{"text":"extended","start":5752.811,"end":5753.341},{"text":"to","start":5753.469,"end":5753.566},{"text":"all","start":5753.758,"end":5754.063},{"text":"new","start":5754.4,"end":5754.545},{"text":"permanent","start":5754.657,"end":5755.027},{"text":"members.","start":5755.059,"end":5755.428}]},{"text":"Kenya fully supports this position.","start":5756.343,"end":5758.286,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Kenya","start":5756.343,"end":5756.648},{"text":"fully","start":5756.648,"end":5756.905},{"text":"supports","start":5756.905,"end":5757.403},{"text":"this","start":5757.547,"end":5757.66},{"text":"position.","start":5757.788,"end":5758.286}]},{"text":"Additionally, Kenya encourages regretting its use if it is retained.","start":5759.153,"end":5764.146,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Additionally,","start":5759.153,"end":5759.683},{"text":"Kenya","start":5759.955,"end":5760.277},{"text":"encourages","start":5760.277,"end":5760.887},{"text":"regretting","start":5761.722,"end":5762.251},{"text":"its","start":5762.283,"end":5762.605},{"text":"use","start":5762.605,"end":5762.877},{"text":"if","start":5763.166,"end":5763.263},{"text":"it","start":5763.327,"end":5763.488},{"text":"is","start":5763.488,"end":5763.616},{"text":"retained.","start":5763.648,"end":5764.146}]},{"text":"We view it through 2 interrelated and mutually reinforcing lenses, the procedural and the structural, that serve as a basis for responsible use of the veto.","start":5765.173,"end":5776.187,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5765.173,"end":5765.334},{"text":"view","start":5765.334,"end":5765.575},{"text":"it","start":5765.575,"end":5765.912},{"text":"through","start":5766.072,"end":5766.426},{"text":"2","start":5766.442,"end":5766.57},{"text":"interrelated","start":5767.02,"end":5767.71},{"text":"and","start":5767.822,"end":5767.887},{"text":"mutually","start":5767.983,"end":5768.384},{"text":"reinforcing","start":5768.384,"end":5768.994},{"text":"lenses,","start":5769.091,"end":5769.476},{"text":"the","start":5770.07,"end":5770.231},{"text":"procedural","start":5770.231,"end":5770.841},{"text":"and","start":5771.355,"end":5771.467},{"text":"the","start":5771.515,"end":5771.595},{"text":"structural,","start":5771.595,"end":5772.173},{"text":"that","start":5772.864,"end":5773.04},{"text":"serve","start":5773.121,"end":5773.49},{"text":"as","start":5773.763,"end":5773.859},{"text":"a","start":5773.907,"end":5773.972},{"text":"basis","start":5774.004,"end":5774.517},{"text":"for","start":5774.55,"end":5774.742},{"text":"responsible","start":5774.742,"end":5775.384},{"text":"use","start":5775.433,"end":5775.657},{"text":"of","start":5775.85,"end":5775.946},{"text":"the","start":5775.946,"end":5776.091},{"text":"veto.","start":5776.091,"end":5776.187}]},{"text":"The procedural dimension relates to its use within the existing chapter framework— charter framework.","start":5777.438,"end":5783.946,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5777.438,"end":5777.534},{"text":"procedural","start":5777.534,"end":5778.015},{"text":"dimension","start":5778.015,"end":5778.528},{"text":"relates","start":5778.88,"end":5779.233},{"text":"to","start":5779.441,"end":5779.521},{"text":"its","start":5779.521,"end":5779.89},{"text":"use","start":5779.922,"end":5780.195},{"text":"within","start":5780.483,"end":5780.868},{"text":"the","start":5780.98,"end":5781.124},{"text":"existing","start":5781.124,"end":5781.589},{"text":"chapter","start":5781.701,"end":5782.15},{"text":"framework—","start":5782.407,"end":5782.92},{"text":"charter","start":5783.224,"end":5783.513},{"text":"framework.","start":5783.529,"end":5783.946}]},{"text":"Kenya proposes the idea of constructive veto.","start":5784.731,"end":5787.328,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Kenya","start":5784.731,"end":5784.988},{"text":"proposes","start":5784.988,"end":5785.517},{"text":"the","start":5785.613,"end":5785.709},{"text":"idea","start":5785.709,"end":5786.126},{"text":"of","start":5786.19,"end":5786.318},{"text":"constructive","start":5786.35,"end":5786.991},{"text":"veto.","start":5786.991,"end":5787.328}]},{"text":"Any state exercising this privilege should put forward a credible alternative proposal that can command the Council's support.","start":5788.017,"end":5797.17,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":5788.017,"end":5788.242},{"text":"state","start":5788.674,"end":5789.203},{"text":"exercising","start":5789.476,"end":5790.085},{"text":"this","start":5790.197,"end":5790.47},{"text":"privilege","start":5790.502,"end":5790.967},{"text":"should","start":5791.255,"end":5791.447},{"text":"put","start":5791.56,"end":5791.768},{"text":"forward","start":5791.8,"end":5792.249},{"text":"a","start":5792.425,"end":5792.553},{"text":"credible","start":5792.586,"end":5792.906},{"text":"alternative","start":5792.906,"end":5793.451},{"text":"proposal","start":5793.547,"end":5794.172},{"text":"that","start":5794.445,"end":5794.653},{"text":"can","start":5794.685,"end":5794.814},{"text":"command","start":5794.91,"end":5795.391},{"text":"the","start":5795.391,"end":5795.647},{"text":"Council's","start":5795.888,"end":5796.481},{"text":"support.","start":5796.673,"end":5797.17}]},{"text":"This could not only improve the Council's practice but also strengthen its legitimacy.","start":5797.955,"end":5803.309,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5797.955,"end":5798.244},{"text":"could","start":5798.276,"end":5798.42},{"text":"not","start":5798.452,"end":5798.677},{"text":"only","start":5798.677,"end":5798.981},{"text":"improve","start":5799.029,"end":5799.51},{"text":"the","start":5799.51,"end":5799.655},{"text":"Council's","start":5799.655,"end":5800.168},{"text":"practice","start":5800.456,"end":5800.969},{"text":"but","start":5801.338,"end":5801.514},{"text":"also","start":5801.562,"end":5801.979},{"text":"strengthen","start":5801.979,"end":5802.46},{"text":"its","start":5802.46,"end":5802.861},{"text":"legitimacy.","start":5802.861,"end":5803.309}]},{"text":"In the permanent category with all rights extended and an increase in the number of non-permanent member seats.","start":5829.517,"end":5836.678,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."},{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5829.517,"end":5829.565},{"text":"the","start":5829.597,"end":5829.694},{"text":"permanent","start":5829.694,"end":5830.143},{"text":"category","start":5830.175,"end":5830.625},{"text":"with","start":5831.058,"end":5831.251},{"text":"all","start":5831.283,"end":5831.38},{"text":"rights","start":5831.38,"end":5831.749},{"text":"extended","start":5831.781,"end":5832.311},{"text":"and","start":5833.049,"end":5833.194},{"text":"an","start":5833.451,"end":5833.595},{"text":"increase","start":5833.692,"end":5834.077},{"text":"in","start":5834.35,"end":5834.398},{"text":"the","start":5834.43,"end":5834.527},{"text":"number","start":5834.527,"end":5835.073},{"text":"of","start":5835.217,"end":5835.329},{"text":"non-permanent","start":5835.329,"end":5836.036},{"text":"member","start":5836.036,"end":5836.277},{"text":"seats.","start":5836.277,"end":5836.678}]},{"text":"As long as decisions affecting African lives can be vetoed without African voices in the room, the legitimacy and fairness of the Council remain fundamentally compromised.","start":5836.903,"end":5850.053,"topics":[{"key":"african-representation","label":"African Permanent Representation","description":"African states and their supporters emphasized that Africa remains excluded from permanent membership and veto power despite being central to much of the Council's agenda. They framed this as a historical injustice and called for permanent African seats with full prerogatives if the veto remains."},{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":5836.903,"end":5836.967},{"text":"long","start":5837.064,"end":5837.208},{"text":"as","start":5837.304,"end":5837.369},{"text":"decisions","start":5838.123,"end":5838.653},{"text":"affecting","start":5838.766,"end":5839.199},{"text":"African","start":5839.312,"end":5839.601},{"text":"lives","start":5839.601,"end":5839.938},{"text":"can","start":5840.773,"end":5840.981},{"text":"be","start":5841.014,"end":5841.174},{"text":"vetoed","start":5841.174,"end":5841.865},{"text":"without","start":5842.041,"end":5842.523},{"text":"African","start":5842.603,"end":5842.924},{"text":"voices","start":5843.085,"end":5843.422},{"text":"in","start":5843.422,"end":5843.486},{"text":"the","start":5843.502,"end":5843.647},{"text":"room,","start":5843.647,"end":5843.807},{"text":"the","start":5844.53,"end":5844.578},{"text":"legitimacy","start":5844.61,"end":5845.317},{"text":"and","start":5845.413,"end":5845.638},{"text":"fairness","start":5845.734,"end":5846.264},{"text":"of","start":5846.553,"end":5846.649},{"text":"the","start":5846.698,"end":5846.794},{"text":"Council","start":5846.794,"end":5847.163},{"text":"remain","start":5847.838,"end":5848.367},{"text":"fundamentally","start":5848.721,"end":5849.427},{"text":"compromised.","start":5849.427,"end":5850.053}]},{"text":"Further, the G8 must continue to serve as a check In cases of mass atrocities such as genocide, crimes against humanity, or war crimes.","start":5850.872,"end":5888.147,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Further,","start":5850.872,"end":5851.258},{"text":"the","start":5851.771,"end":5851.916},{"text":"G8","start":5851.916,"end":5852.638},{"text":"must","start":5852.638,"end":5852.895},{"text":"continue","start":5852.895,"end":5853.233},{"text":"to","start":5853.297,"end":5853.377},{"text":"serve","start":5853.377,"end":5853.682},{"text":"as","start":5853.682,"end":5853.746},{"text":"a","start":5853.859,"end":5853.875},{"text":"check","start":5854.019,"end":5854.597},{"text":"In","start":5880.713,"end":5880.874},{"text":"cases","start":5880.874,"end":5881.163},{"text":"of","start":5881.275,"end":5881.339},{"text":"mass","start":5881.339,"end":5881.741},{"text":"atrocities","start":5881.821,"end":5882.527},{"text":"such","start":5883.298,"end":5883.603},{"text":"as","start":5883.667,"end":5883.812},{"text":"genocide,","start":5884.085,"end":5884.775},{"text":"crimes","start":5885.193,"end":5885.594},{"text":"against","start":5885.61,"end":5886.028},{"text":"humanity,","start":5886.028,"end":5886.622},{"text":"or","start":5887.36,"end":5887.409},{"text":"war","start":5887.601,"end":5887.762},{"text":"crimes.","start":5887.762,"end":5888.147}]},{"text":"Co-chairs, Kenya discourages the use of the veto to shield parties from accountability or to obstruct action in situations of mass suffering.","start":5888.565,"end":5898.664,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"Co-chairs,","start":5888.565,"end":5889.03},{"text":"Kenya","start":5889.384,"end":5889.801},{"text":"discourages","start":5889.865,"end":5890.475},{"text":"the","start":5890.572,"end":5890.652},{"text":"use","start":5890.668,"end":5890.909},{"text":"of","start":5890.909,"end":5891.118},{"text":"the","start":5891.31,"end":5891.391},{"text":"veto","start":5891.391,"end":5891.776},{"text":"to","start":5892.194,"end":5892.338},{"text":"shield","start":5892.338,"end":5892.836},{"text":"parties","start":5893.157,"end":5893.606},{"text":"from","start":5893.639,"end":5893.847},{"text":"accountability","start":5893.896,"end":5894.73},{"text":"or","start":5895.148,"end":5895.325},{"text":"to","start":5895.325,"end":5895.405},{"text":"obstruct","start":5895.405,"end":5896.095},{"text":"action","start":5896.368,"end":5896.657},{"text":"in","start":5897.171,"end":5897.3},{"text":"situations","start":5897.396,"end":5897.958},{"text":"of","start":5897.958,"end":5898.006},{"text":"mass","start":5898.038,"end":5898.295},{"text":"suffering.","start":5898.295,"end":5898.664}]},{"text":"The veto must not be an instrument of impunity or geopolitical rivalry.","start":5899.483,"end":5905.617,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5899.483,"end":5899.58},{"text":"veto","start":5899.58,"end":5899.949},{"text":"must","start":5900.447,"end":5900.896},{"text":"not","start":5901.073,"end":5901.394},{"text":"be","start":5901.426,"end":5901.619},{"text":"an","start":5901.811,"end":5901.876},{"text":"instrument","start":5901.972,"end":5902.727},{"text":"of","start":5903.032,"end":5903.192},{"text":"impunity","start":5903.192,"end":5903.802},{"text":"or","start":5904.22,"end":5904.397},{"text":"geopolitical","start":5904.397,"end":5905.28},{"text":"rivalry.","start":5905.28,"end":5905.617}]},{"text":"it must be exercised in a manner that supports rather than obstructs the Council's primacy responsibility, maintaining international peace and security and ensuring that multilateralism delivers for all.","start":5906.101,"end":5921.102,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of 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Japan.","start":5924.026,"end":5930.606,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5924.026,"end":5924.074},{"text":"thank","start":5924.106,"end":5924.348},{"text":"the","start":5924.348,"end":5924.51},{"text":"distinguished","start":5924.51,"end":5925.251},{"text":"representative","start":5925.251,"end":5925.977},{"text":"of","start":5925.977,"end":5926.09},{"text":"Kenya","start":5926.187,"end":5926.445},{"text":"for","start":5926.445,"end":5926.639},{"text":"his","start":5926.671,"end":5926.784},{"text":"statement,","start":5926.848,"end":5927.397},{"text":"and","start":5927.413,"end":5927.477},{"text":"I","start":5927.558,"end":5927.574},{"text":"now","start":5927.574,"end":5927.768},{"text":"give","start":5927.8,"end":5927.945},{"text":"the","start":5927.977,"end":5928.058},{"text":"floor","start":5928.058,"end":5928.364},{"text":"to","start":5928.364,"end":5928.526},{"text":"the","start":5928.526,"end":5928.622},{"text":"distinguished","start":5928.622,"end":5929.106},{"text":"representative","start":5929.106,"end":5930.058},{"text":"of","start":5930.058,"end":5930.219},{"text":"Japan.","start":5930.219,"end":5930.606}]},{"text":"Thank you, co-chairs.","start":5933.842,"end":5934.547,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5933.842,"end":5934.002},{"text":"you,","start":5934.002,"end":5934.082},{"text":"co-chairs.","start":5934.098,"end":5934.547}]},{"text":"Japan fully","start":5935.702,"end":5936.232,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Japan","start":5935.702,"end":5936.023},{"text":"fully","start":5936.023,"end":5936.232}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"KEN","affiliation_full":"Kenya","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":41,"start":5936.328,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=5937","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"aligns with Brazil's statement on behalf of the G4.","start":5936.328,"end":5939.023,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"aligns","start":5936.328,"end":5936.649},{"text":"with","start":5936.649,"end":5936.809},{"text":"Brazil's","start":5936.825,"end":5937.274},{"text":"statement","start":5937.29,"end":5937.836},{"text":"on","start":5937.932,"end":5937.98},{"text":"behalf","start":5938.028,"end":5938.349},{"text":"of","start":5938.349,"end":5938.509},{"text":"the","start":5938.509,"end":5938.589},{"text":"G4.","start":5938.589,"end":5939.023}]},{"text":"I will make additional remarks in my national 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Future,","start":5943.883,"end":5945.823,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":5943.883,"end":5943.963},{"text":"set","start":5943.963,"end":5944.268},{"text":"out","start":5944.268,"end":5944.428},{"text":"in","start":5944.428,"end":5944.476},{"text":"the","start":5944.508,"end":5944.604},{"text":"Pact","start":5944.604,"end":5944.877},{"text":"for","start":5944.989,"end":5945.23},{"text":"the","start":5945.23,"end":5945.326},{"text":"Future,","start":5945.326,"end":5945.823}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IGN","affiliation_full":"IGN","group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":42,"start":5945.984,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=5946","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"it is imperative to intensify efforts to reach an agreement on the future of the veto, including discussions on limiting its scope and use.","start":5945.984,"end":5954.79,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"it","start":5945.984,"end":5946.064},{"text":"is","start":5946.064,"end":5946.192},{"text":"imperative","start":5946.192,"end":5946.898},{"text":"to","start":5946.93,"end":5947.091},{"text":"intensify","start":5947.091,"end":5947.764},{"text":"efforts","start":5947.812,"end":5948.294},{"text":"to","start":5948.294,"end":5948.374},{"text":"reach","start":5948.374,"end":5948.55},{"text":"an","start":5948.55,"end":5948.646},{"text":"agreement","start":5948.695,"end":5949.24},{"text":"on","start":5949.593,"end":5949.705},{"text":"the","start":5949.737,"end":5949.833},{"text":"future","start":5949.833,"end":5950.138},{"text":"of","start":5950.138,"end":5950.363},{"text":"the","start":5950.363,"end":5950.459},{"text":"veto,","start":5950.459,"end":5950.844},{"text":"including","start":5951.501,"end":5951.919},{"text":"discussions","start":5951.983,"end":5952.672},{"text":"on","start":5952.865,"end":5952.993},{"text":"limiting","start":5953.025,"end":5953.394},{"text":"its","start":5953.49,"end":5953.619},{"text":"scope","start":5953.699,"end":5954.132},{"text":"and","start":5954.308,"end":5954.533},{"text":"use.","start":5954.533,"end":5954.79}]},{"text":"From this perspective, Japan reaffirms that the French-Mexican initiative and ACT Group's Code of Conduct are valuable efforts as immediate measures that do not require amending the UN Charter.","start":5955.415,"end":5966.878,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"From","start":5955.415,"end":5955.56},{"text":"this","start":5955.592,"end":5955.816},{"text":"perspective,","start":5955.832,"end":5956.474},{"text":"Japan","start":5956.538,"end":5956.843},{"text":"reaffirms","start":5956.843,"end":5957.404},{"text":"that","start":5957.436,"end":5957.597},{"text":"the","start":5957.597,"end":5957.901},{"text":"French-Mexican","start":5957.901,"end":5958.848},{"text":"initiative","start":5958.96,"end":5959.57},{"text":"and","start":5959.91,"end":5960.072},{"text":"ACT","start":5960.153,"end":5960.283},{"text":"Group's","start":5960.331,"end":5960.801},{"text":"Code","start":5960.801,"end":5960.996},{"text":"of","start":5960.996,"end":5961.06},{"text":"Conduct","start":5961.125,"end":5961.676},{"text":"are","start":5961.855,"end":5961.887},{"text":"valuable","start":5961.887,"end":5962.341},{"text":"efforts","start":5962.341,"end":5962.924},{"text":"as","start":5963.232,"end":5963.378},{"text":"immediate","start":5963.41,"end":5963.961},{"text":"measures","start":5963.961,"end":5964.35},{"text":"that","start":5964.545,"end":5964.772},{"text":"do","start":5964.772,"end":5964.804},{"text":"not","start":5964.804,"end":5965.047},{"text":"require","start":5965.096,"end":5965.598},{"text":"amending","start":5965.598,"end":5966.052},{"text":"the","start":5966.068,"end":5966.23},{"text":"UN","start":5966.23,"end":5966.376},{"text":"Charter.","start":5966.49,"end":5966.878}]},{"text":"These initiatives are not, however, supported by all permanent members of the Council.","start":5968.283,"end":5973.281,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":5968.283,"end":5968.493},{"text":"initiatives","start":5968.525,"end":5969.14},{"text":"are","start":5969.156,"end":5969.253},{"text":"not,","start":5969.253,"end":5969.658},{"text":"however,","start":5969.722,"end":5970.272},{"text":"supported","start":5970.644,"end":5971.162},{"text":"by","start":5971.194,"end":5971.502},{"text":"all","start":5971.583,"end":5971.68},{"text":"permanent","start":5971.68,"end":5972.149},{"text":"members","start":5972.149,"end":5972.537},{"text":"of","start":5972.569,"end":5972.65},{"text":"the","start":5972.666,"end":5972.796},{"text":"Council.","start":5972.796,"end":5973.281}]},{"text":"Japan therefore continues to urge all permanent members who have not done so to commit to voluntary restraint on the use of veto without delay and to implement this commitment accordingly.","start":5973.863,"end":5984.888,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Japan","start":5973.863,"end":5974.138},{"text":"therefore","start":5974.187,"end":5974.575},{"text":"continues","start":5974.591,"end":5975.044},{"text":"to","start":5975.076,"end":5975.287},{"text":"urge","start":5975.384,"end":5975.626},{"text":"all","start":5975.788,"end":5975.885},{"text":"permanent","start":5975.885,"end":5976.29},{"text":"members","start":5976.29,"end":5976.742},{"text":"who","start":5976.92,"end":5976.985},{"text":"have","start":5977.017,"end":5977.244},{"text":"not","start":5977.244,"end":5977.422},{"text":"done","start":5977.422,"end":5977.599},{"text":"so","start":5977.599,"end":5977.889},{"text":"to","start":5978.309,"end":5978.438},{"text":"commit","start":5978.454,"end":5978.938},{"text":"to","start":5978.938,"end":5979.051},{"text":"voluntary","start":5979.051,"end":5979.486},{"text":"restraint","start":5979.599,"end":5980.324},{"text":"on","start":5980.324,"end":5980.405},{"text":"the","start":5980.405,"end":5980.502},{"text":"use","start":5980.502,"end":5980.712},{"text":"of","start":5980.712,"end":5980.76},{"text":"veto","start":5980.808,"end":5981.195},{"text":"without","start":5981.84,"end":5982.244},{"text":"delay","start":5982.244,"end":5982.421},{"text":"and","start":5982.808,"end":5982.985},{"text":"to","start":5982.985,"end":5983.05},{"text":"implement","start":5983.05,"end":5983.55},{"text":"this","start":5983.55,"end":5983.679},{"text":"commitment","start":5983.776,"end":5984.324},{"text":"accordingly.","start":5984.437,"end":5984.888}]},{"text":"Japan also reiterates the need to fully implement and adhere to all provisions of the Charter as they relate to the decision-making process in the Council, including Article 27, paragraph 3, as stated in the Pact for the Future.","start":5985.933,"end":6001.627,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"Japan","start":5985.933,"end":5986.302},{"text":"also","start":5986.334,"end":5986.574},{"text":"reiterates","start":5986.574,"end":5987.119},{"text":"the","start":5987.119,"end":5987.151},{"text":"need","start":5987.151,"end":5987.52},{"text":"to","start":5987.52,"end":5987.664},{"text":"fully","start":5987.68,"end":5987.985},{"text":"implement","start":5988.097,"end":5988.754},{"text":"and","start":5988.963,"end":5989.123},{"text":"adhere","start":5989.139,"end":5989.492},{"text":"to","start":5989.62,"end":5989.78},{"text":"all","start":5989.925,"end":5990.085},{"text":"provisions","start":5990.101,"end":5990.534},{"text":"of","start":5990.598,"end":5990.678},{"text":"the","start":5990.726,"end":5990.774},{"text":"Charter","start":5990.822,"end":5991.335},{"text":"as","start":5991.864,"end":5992.073},{"text":"they","start":5992.089,"end":5992.185},{"text":"relate","start":5992.185,"end":5992.506},{"text":"to","start":5992.506,"end":5992.586},{"text":"the","start":5992.586,"end":5992.666},{"text":"decision-making","start":5992.73,"end":5993.435},{"text":"process","start":5993.467,"end":5993.932},{"text":"in","start":5994.012,"end":5994.109},{"text":"the","start":5994.109,"end":5994.253},{"text":"Council,","start":5994.253,"end":5994.75},{"text":"including","start":5995.391,"end":5995.92},{"text":"Article","start":5996.177,"end":5996.449},{"text":"27,","start":5996.449,"end":5997.138},{"text":"paragraph","start":5997.154,"end":5997.571},{"text":"3,","start":5997.571,"end":5997.908},{"text":"as","start":5998.597,"end":5998.757},{"text":"stated","start":5998.757,"end":5999.158},{"text":"in","start":5999.158,"end":5999.286},{"text":"the","start":5999.302,"end":5999.351},{"text":"Pact","start":5999.399,"end":5999.783},{"text":"for","start":5999.783,"end":5999.96},{"text":"the","start":5999.96,"end":6000.04},{"text":"Future.","start":6000.04,"end":6001.627}]},{"text":"Despite all these initiatives, a more fundamental issue is the need for a solution to the existing imbalance within the Council In terms of the veto, Japan as a G4 member takes the position that new permanent members should, as a principle, have the same responsibilities and obligations as current permanent members.","start":6002.525,"end":6024.082,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"Despite","start":6002.525,"end":6003.23},{"text":"all","start":6003.31,"end":6003.358},{"text":"these","start":6003.486,"end":6003.695},{"text":"initiatives,","start":6003.727,"end":6004.416},{"text":"a","start":6004.913,"end":6004.945},{"text":"more","start":6004.945,"end":6005.266},{"text":"fundamental","start":6005.266,"end":6005.843},{"text":"issue","start":6005.891,"end":6006.212},{"text":"is","start":6006.228,"end":6006.42},{"text":"the","start":6006.789,"end":6006.869},{"text":"need","start":6006.869,"end":6007.302},{"text":"for","start":6007.398,"end":6007.67},{"text":"a","start":6007.75,"end":6007.766},{"text":"solution","start":6007.799,"end":6008.183},{"text":"to","start":6008.616,"end":6008.76},{"text":"the","start":6008.76,"end":6008.824},{"text":"existing","start":6008.841,"end":6009.225},{"text":"imbalance","start":6009.434,"end":6010.075},{"text":"within","start":6010.379,"end":6010.7},{"text":"the","start":6010.7,"end":6010.844},{"text":"Council","start":6010.844,"end":6011.389},{"text":"In","start":6011.887,"end":6011.984},{"text":"terms","start":6011.984,"end":6012.273},{"text":"of","start":6012.369,"end":6012.401},{"text":"the","start":6012.466,"end":6012.562},{"text":"veto,","start":6012.626,"end":6013.028},{"text":"Japan","start":6013.751,"end":6014.201},{"text":"as","start":6014.297,"end":6014.362},{"text":"a","start":6014.394,"end":6014.41},{"text":"G4","start":6014.554,"end":6014.988},{"text":"member","start":6015.02,"end":6015.47},{"text":"takes","start":6015.743,"end":6016.065},{"text":"the","start":6016.065,"end":6016.161},{"text":"position","start":6016.161,"end":6016.611},{"text":"that","start":6017.029,"end":6017.35},{"text":"new","start":6017.35,"end":6017.527},{"text":"permanent","start":6017.527,"end":6017.993},{"text":"members","start":6017.993,"end":6018.379},{"text":"should,","start":6018.491,"end":6018.78},{"text":"as","start":6019.134,"end":6019.23},{"text":"a","start":6019.23,"end":6019.294},{"text":"principle,","start":6019.294,"end":6019.937},{"text":"have","start":6020.162,"end":6020.339},{"text":"the","start":6020.339,"end":6020.435},{"text":"same","start":6020.435,"end":6020.708},{"text":"responsibilities","start":6020.74,"end":6021.753},{"text":"and","start":6021.785,"end":6021.929},{"text":"obligations","start":6021.929,"end":6022.556},{"text":"as","start":6022.893,"end":6022.958},{"text":"current","start":6023.054,"end":6023.311},{"text":"permanent","start":6023.311,"end":6023.713},{"text":"members.","start":6023.713,"end":6024.082}]},{"text":"In this regard, Japan reiterates that G4 shares the same position as the African Group in that the veto should be made available to the new permanent members so long as it exists.","start":6025.175,"end":6035.924,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."},{"key":"african-representation","label":"African Permanent Representation","description":"African states and their supporters emphasized that Africa remains excluded from permanent membership and veto power despite being central to much of the Council's agenda. They framed this as a historical injustice and called for permanent African seats with full prerogatives if the veto remains."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6025.175,"end":6025.288},{"text":"this","start":6025.32,"end":6025.545},{"text":"regard,","start":6025.545,"end":6025.866},{"text":"Japan","start":6025.882,"end":6026.171},{"text":"reiterates","start":6026.171,"end":6026.766},{"text":"that","start":6026.766,"end":6027.007},{"text":"G4","start":6027.007,"end":6027.585},{"text":"shares","start":6027.89,"end":6028.18},{"text":"the","start":6028.212,"end":6028.292},{"text":"same","start":6028.292,"end":6028.501},{"text":"position","start":6028.614,"end":6029.272},{"text":"as","start":6029.32,"end":6029.417},{"text":"the","start":6029.417,"end":6029.481},{"text":"African","start":6029.481,"end":6029.963},{"text":"Group","start":6029.963,"end":6030.285},{"text":"in","start":6030.799,"end":6030.863},{"text":"that","start":6030.943,"end":6031.249},{"text":"the","start":6031.249,"end":6031.345},{"text":"veto","start":6031.345,"end":6031.747},{"text":"should","start":6031.747,"end":6031.988},{"text":"be","start":6031.988,"end":6032.132},{"text":"made","start":6032.132,"end":6032.454},{"text":"available","start":6032.454,"end":6033.048},{"text":"to","start":6033.048,"end":6033.209},{"text":"the","start":6033.209,"end":6033.289},{"text":"new","start":6033.289,"end":6033.482},{"text":"permanent","start":6033.578,"end":6033.996},{"text":"members","start":6033.996,"end":6034.366},{"text":"so","start":6034.623,"end":6034.816},{"text":"long","start":6034.816,"end":6034.928},{"text":"as","start":6035.024,"end":6035.169},{"text":"it","start":6035.201,"end":6035.362},{"text":"exists.","start":6035.378,"end":6035.924}]},{"text":"On this basis, In this case, the G4 takes the position that the new permanent members shall not exercise the veto until a decision on the matter has been taken during a review to be held 15 years after the coming into force of the reform.","start":6036.872,"end":6051.024,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."},{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":6036.872,"end":6036.92},{"text":"this","start":6036.969,"end":6037.194},{"text":"basis,","start":6037.21,"end":6037.579},{"text":"In","start":6037.756,"end":6037.836},{"text":"this","start":6037.836,"end":6037.9},{"text":"case,","start":6037.9,"end":6037.948},{"text":"the","start":6037.996,"end":6038.044},{"text":"G4","start":6038.044,"end":6038.429},{"text":"takes","start":6038.477,"end":6038.733},{"text":"the","start":6038.733,"end":6038.877},{"text":"position","start":6038.877,"end":6039.342},{"text":"that","start":6039.695,"end":6039.855},{"text":"the","start":6039.855,"end":6039.919},{"text":"new","start":6039.919,"end":6040.111},{"text":"permanent","start":6040.175,"end":6040.624},{"text":"members","start":6040.624,"end":6041.025},{"text":"shall","start":6041.377,"end":6041.618},{"text":"not","start":6041.618,"end":6042.018},{"text":"exercise","start":6042.018,"end":6042.547},{"text":"the","start":6042.563,"end":6042.659},{"text":"veto","start":6042.659,"end":6043.044},{"text":"until","start":6043.22,"end":6043.717},{"text":"a","start":6043.717,"end":6043.781},{"text":"decision","start":6043.781,"end":6044.134},{"text":"on","start":6044.246,"end":6044.278},{"text":"the","start":6044.278,"end":6044.358},{"text":"matter","start":6044.358,"end":6044.775},{"text":"has","start":6044.807,"end":6045.031},{"text":"been","start":6045.047,"end":6045.191},{"text":"taken","start":6045.223,"end":6045.512},{"text":"during","start":6046.169,"end":6046.393},{"text":"a","start":6046.489,"end":6046.505},{"text":"review","start":6046.505,"end":6046.826},{"text":"to","start":6047.451,"end":6047.547},{"text":"be","start":6047.547,"end":6047.643},{"text":"held","start":6047.691,"end":6047.996},{"text":"15","start":6048.092,"end":6048.54},{"text":"years","start":6048.653,"end":6048.877},{"text":"after","start":6049.053,"end":6049.326},{"text":"the","start":6049.326,"end":6049.454},{"text":"coming","start":6049.454,"end":6049.758},{"text":"into","start":6049.79,"end":6050.079},{"text":"force","start":6050.095,"end":6050.511},{"text":"of","start":6050.511,"end":6050.608},{"text":"the","start":6050.608,"end":6050.688},{"text":"reform.","start":6050.688,"end":6051.024}]},{"text":"This is to offer flexibility while maintaining the principle in order to resolve issues surrounding the veto from a practical perspective and allow for constructive negotiation.","start":6052.098,"end":6063.379,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6052.098,"end":6052.162},{"text":"is","start":6052.274,"end":6052.402},{"text":"to","start":6052.434,"end":6052.547},{"text":"offer","start":6052.659,"end":6052.963},{"text":"flexibility","start":6052.979,"end":6053.684},{"text":"while","start":6053.941,"end":6054.165},{"text":"maintaining","start":6054.165,"end":6054.726},{"text":"the","start":6054.838,"end":6054.918},{"text":"principle","start":6054.998,"end":6055.607},{"text":"in","start":6056.441,"end":6056.569},{"text":"order","start":6056.585,"end":6056.889},{"text":"to","start":6056.921,"end":6057.066},{"text":"resolve","start":6057.066,"end":6057.45},{"text":"issues","start":6057.482,"end":6057.835},{"text":"surrounding","start":6057.835,"end":6058.412},{"text":"the","start":6058.444,"end":6058.54},{"text":"veto","start":6058.54,"end":6058.989},{"text":"from","start":6059.229,"end":6059.357},{"text":"a","start":6059.389,"end":6059.405},{"text":"practical","start":6059.405,"end":6059.982},{"text":"perspective","start":6060.03,"end":6060.735},{"text":"and","start":6061.152,"end":6061.312},{"text":"allow","start":6061.312,"end":6061.504},{"text":"for","start":6061.649,"end":6061.825},{"text":"constructive","start":6061.889,"end":6062.578},{"text":"negotiation.","start":6062.835,"end":6063.379}]},{"text":"As emphasized in the G4 statement, expansion in both the permanent and non-permanent categories is essential to make the Council truly more democratic and accountable.","start":6065.338,"end":6076.499,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. 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They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6148.429,"end":6148.591},{"text":"has","start":6148.591,"end":6148.816},{"text":"over","start":6148.913,"end":6149.091},{"text":"time","start":6149.091,"end":6149.494},{"text":"proven","start":6149.575,"end":6149.946},{"text":"to","start":6149.978,"end":6150.123},{"text":"be","start":6150.123,"end":6150.301},{"text":"incompatible","start":6150.301,"end":6150.978},{"text":"with","start":6151.026,"end":6151.188},{"text":"the","start":6151.188,"end":6151.268},{"text":"principles","start":6151.268,"end":6151.591},{"text":"of","start":6151.688,"end":6151.801},{"text":"the","start":6151.817,"end":6151.898},{"text":"sovereign","start":6151.898,"end":6152.172},{"text":"equality","start":6152.172,"end":6152.527},{"text":"of","start":6152.56,"end":6152.624},{"text":"states","start":6152.64,"end":6152.996},{"text":"and","start":6153.109,"end":6153.205},{"text":"with","start":6153.205,"end":6153.448},{"text":"the","start":6153.448,"end":6153.609},{"text":"democratic","start":6153.609,"end":6154.19},{"text":"and","start":6154.19,"end":6154.271},{"text":"efficient","start":6154.271,"end":6154.723},{"text":"functioning","start":6154.739,"end":6155.595},{"text":"of","start":6155.772,"end":6155.998},{"text":"the","start":6156.176,"end":6156.353},{"text":"multilateral","start":6156.45,"end":6157.047},{"text":"system.","start":6157.225,"end":6157.645}]},{"text":"Indeed, experience acquired over decades lays bare the fact that the veto is a tool which, far from bolstering the Security Council's capacity for action undermines that capacity.","start":6158.84,"end":6171.297,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"Indeed,","start":6158.84,"end":6159.373},{"text":"experience","start":6159.519,"end":6160.068},{"text":"acquired","start":6160.068,"end":6160.941},{"text":"over","start":6161.119,"end":6161.426},{"text":"decades","start":6161.459,"end":6162.073},{"text":"lays","start":6162.17,"end":6162.396},{"text":"bare","start":6162.574,"end":6162.833},{"text":"the","start":6162.833,"end":6162.914},{"text":"fact","start":6162.914,"end":6163.302},{"text":"that","start":6163.302,"end":6163.415},{"text":"the","start":6163.464,"end":6163.544},{"text":"veto","start":6163.544,"end":6164.078},{"text":"is","start":6164.272,"end":6164.417},{"text":"a","start":6164.514,"end":6164.563},{"text":"tool","start":6164.676,"end":6164.886},{"text":"which,","start":6165.177,"end":6165.388},{"text":"far","start":6165.905,"end":6166.147},{"text":"from","start":6166.147,"end":6166.325},{"text":"bolstering","start":6166.778,"end":6167.328},{"text":"the","start":6167.441,"end":6167.538},{"text":"Security","start":6167.538,"end":6168.007},{"text":"Council's","start":6168.007,"end":6170.319},{"text":"capacity","start":6168.49,"end":6168.923},{"text":"for","start":6168.923,"end":6169.083},{"text":"action","start":6169.147,"end":6169.452},{"text":"undermines","start":6169.885,"end":6170.527},{"text":"that","start":6170.543,"end":6170.751},{"text":"capacity.","start":6170.751,"end":6171.297}]},{"text":"Its use, and even the mere threat of its use, dictates the course of negotiation processes and distorts balances between Council members.","start":6171.393,"end":6180.28,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"Its","start":6171.393,"end":6171.521},{"text":"use,","start":6171.65,"end":6171.954},{"text":"and","start":6171.971,"end":6172.131},{"text":"even","start":6172.131,"end":6172.323},{"text":"the","start":6172.356,"end":6172.436},{"text":"mere","start":6172.436,"end":6172.644},{"text":"threat","start":6172.692,"end":6173.093},{"text":"of","start":6173.093,"end":6173.174},{"text":"its","start":6173.174,"end":6173.398},{"text":"use,","start":6173.398,"end":6173.655},{"text":"dictates","start":6174.04,"end":6174.698},{"text":"the","start":6174.698,"end":6174.842},{"text":"course","start":6174.842,"end":6175.275},{"text":"of","start":6175.275,"end":6175.355},{"text":"negotiation","start":6175.403,"end":6176.911},{"text":"processes","start":6177.024,"end":6177.553},{"text":"and","start":6177.986,"end":6178.05},{"text":"distorts","start":6178.066,"end":6178.628},{"text":"balances","start":6178.628,"end":6179.109},{"text":"between","start":6179.109,"end":6179.478},{"text":"Council","start":6179.51,"end":6179.879},{"text":"members.","start":6179.895,"end":6180.28}]},{"text":"Furthermore, it is paradoxical to note that the veto tends to be used most frequently precisely in times when crises are at their peak, times when the Council must act more quickly and more efficiently to maintain international peace.","start":6181.114,"end":6195.455,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":6181.114,"end":6181.579},{"text":"it","start":6181.611,"end":6181.756},{"text":"is","start":6181.756,"end":6181.804},{"text":"paradoxical","start":6181.916,"end":6182.718},{"text":"to","start":6182.718,"end":6182.879},{"text":"note","start":6182.879,"end":6183.2},{"text":"that","start":6183.2,"end":6183.344},{"text":"the","start":6183.344,"end":6183.44},{"text":"veto","start":6183.44,"end":6183.986},{"text":"tends","start":6183.986,"end":6184.258},{"text":"to","start":6184.258,"end":6184.355},{"text":"be","start":6184.403,"end":6184.483},{"text":"used","start":6184.563,"end":6184.852},{"text":"most","start":6185.269,"end":6185.702},{"text":"frequently","start":6185.75,"end":6186.456},{"text":"precisely","start":6186.729,"end":6187.579},{"text":"in","start":6187.996,"end":6188.06},{"text":"times","start":6188.092,"end":6188.509},{"text":"when","start":6188.574,"end":6188.686},{"text":"crises","start":6188.798,"end":6189.263},{"text":"are","start":6189.311,"end":6189.376},{"text":"at","start":6189.376,"end":6189.536},{"text":"their","start":6189.536,"end":6189.696},{"text":"peak,","start":6189.696,"end":6190.097},{"text":"times","start":6190.482,"end":6190.739},{"text":"when","start":6190.739,"end":6190.9},{"text":"the","start":6190.9,"end":6191.044},{"text":"Council","start":6191.044,"end":6191.509},{"text":"must","start":6191.509,"end":6191.734},{"text":"act","start":6191.846,"end":6192.103},{"text":"more","start":6192.103,"end":6192.327},{"text":"quickly","start":6192.327,"end":6192.712},{"text":"and","start":6192.744,"end":6192.808},{"text":"more","start":6192.889,"end":6193.049},{"text":"efficiently","start":6193.049,"end":6193.675},{"text":"to","start":6193.931,"end":6194.172},{"text":"maintain","start":6194.172,"end":6194.798},{"text":"international","start":6194.91,"end":6195.407},{"text":"peace.","start":6195.407,"end":6195.455}]},{"text":"peace and security.","start":6195.52,"end":6196.369,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"peace","start":6195.52,"end":6195.6},{"text":"and","start":6195.696,"end":6195.776},{"text":"security.","start":6195.776,"end":6196.369}]},{"text":"Under these circumstances, the very credibility of the Council itself is undermined, as well as that of the collective security system as a whole.","start":6196.834,"end":6204.897,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"Under","start":6196.834,"end":6197.058},{"text":"these","start":6197.058,"end":6197.251},{"text":"circumstances,","start":6197.251,"end":6198.325},{"text":"the","start":6198.982,"end":6199.158},{"text":"very","start":6199.158,"end":6199.447},{"text":"credibility","start":6199.479,"end":6200.088},{"text":"of","start":6200.104,"end":6200.184},{"text":"the","start":6200.184,"end":6200.28},{"text":"Council","start":6200.28,"end":6200.601},{"text":"itself","start":6200.601,"end":6201.066},{"text":"is","start":6201.066,"end":6201.178},{"text":"undermined,","start":6201.242,"end":6201.739},{"text":"as","start":6201.787,"end":6201.851},{"text":"well","start":6201.883,"end":6202.06},{"text":"as","start":6202.06,"end":6202.172},{"text":"that","start":6202.204,"end":6202.396},{"text":"of","start":6202.669,"end":6202.813},{"text":"the","start":6202.829,"end":6203.006},{"text":"collective","start":6203.006,"end":6203.374},{"text":"security","start":6203.406,"end":6203.871},{"text":"system","start":6203.871,"end":6204.176},{"text":"as","start":6204.272,"end":6204.384},{"text":"a","start":6204.512,"end":6204.593},{"text":"whole.","start":6204.593,"end":6204.897}]},{"text":"Argentina is fully cognizant of the fact that the inherent complexities of this issue cannot hinder progress with concrete measures designed to restrict the use of the veto.","start":6205.554,"end":6217.689,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Argentina","start":6205.554,"end":6206.917},{"text":"is","start":6206.917,"end":6206.981},{"text":"fully","start":6207.077,"end":6207.221},{"text":"cognizant","start":6207.318,"end":6208.119},{"text":"of","start":6208.119,"end":6208.263},{"text":"the","start":6208.296,"end":6208.44},{"text":"fact","start":6208.44,"end":6209.097},{"text":"that","start":6209.097,"end":6209.353},{"text":"the","start":6209.802,"end":6209.995},{"text":"inherent","start":6210.379,"end":6211.005},{"text":"complexities","start":6211.021,"end":6211.71},{"text":"of","start":6211.742,"end":6211.822},{"text":"this","start":6211.822,"end":6212.047},{"text":"issue","start":6212.047,"end":6212.383},{"text":"cannot","start":6212.383,"end":6213.008},{"text":"hinder","start":6213.008,"end":6213.473},{"text":"progress","start":6213.906,"end":6214.259},{"text":"with","start":6214.387,"end":6214.531},{"text":"concrete","start":6214.611,"end":6215.092},{"text":"measures","start":6215.092,"end":6215.477},{"text":"designed","start":6215.509,"end":6215.91},{"text":"to","start":6215.91,"end":6216.022},{"text":"restrict","start":6216.07,"end":6216.631},{"text":"the","start":6216.631,"end":6216.775},{"text":"use","start":6216.775,"end":6217.048},{"text":"of","start":6217.048,"end":6217.128},{"text":"the","start":6217.128,"end":6217.256},{"text":"veto.","start":6217.256,"end":6217.689}]},{"text":"With that in mind, my country has acceded to the Franco-Mexican initiative Which promotes the non-use of the veto in situations of mass atrocities.","start":6218.058,"end":6226.299,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"With","start":6218.058,"end":6218.154},{"text":"that","start":6218.154,"end":6218.314},{"text":"in","start":6218.314,"end":6218.443},{"text":"mind,","start":6218.459,"end":6218.875},{"text":"my","start":6218.891,"end":6219.068},{"text":"country","start":6219.116,"end":6219.565},{"text":"has","start":6219.581,"end":6219.725},{"text":"acceded","start":6219.821,"end":6220.398},{"text":"to","start":6220.462,"end":6220.575},{"text":"the","start":6220.703,"end":6220.799},{"text":"Franco-Mexican","start":6220.799,"end":6221.729},{"text":"initiative","start":6221.777,"end":6224.021},{"text":"Which","start":6222.707,"end":6222.851},{"text":"promotes","start":6222.883,"end":6223.268},{"text":"the","start":6223.268,"end":6223.364},{"text":"non-use","start":6223.364,"end":6224.102},{"text":"of","start":6224.102,"end":6224.166},{"text":"the","start":6224.182,"end":6224.31},{"text":"veto","start":6224.31,"end":6224.679},{"text":"in","start":6224.807,"end":6224.872},{"text":"situations","start":6224.872,"end":6225.449},{"text":"of","start":6225.449,"end":6225.529},{"text":"mass","start":6225.529,"end":6225.641},{"text":"atrocities.","start":6225.705,"end":6226.299}]},{"text":"We believe that moving further in this direction is a substantive and necessary step forward.","start":6226.972,"end":6232.585,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6226.972,"end":6227.165},{"text":"believe","start":6227.213,"end":6227.582},{"text":"that","start":6227.614,"end":6227.742},{"text":"moving","start":6227.854,"end":6228.143},{"text":"further","start":6228.239,"end":6228.56},{"text":"in","start":6228.576,"end":6228.656},{"text":"this","start":6228.656,"end":6228.768},{"text":"direction","start":6228.816,"end":6229.506},{"text":"is","start":6229.682,"end":6229.827},{"text":"a","start":6230.003,"end":6230.051},{"text":"substantive","start":6230.099,"end":6230.965},{"text":"and","start":6231.045,"end":6231.142},{"text":"necessary","start":6231.142,"end":6231.719},{"text":"step","start":6231.719,"end":6231.975},{"text":"forward.","start":6232.104,"end":6232.585}]},{"text":"Elsewhere, Argentina wishes to underscore the importance of full compliance with the second part of Article 27.3 of the UN Charter.","start":6233.066,"end":6241.228,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"Elsewhere,","start":6233.066,"end":6233.563},{"text":"Argentina","start":6233.627,"end":6234.22},{"text":"wishes","start":6234.333,"end":6234.541},{"text":"to","start":6234.573,"end":6234.669},{"text":"underscore","start":6234.669,"end":6235.231},{"text":"the","start":6235.231,"end":6235.311},{"text":"importance","start":6235.311,"end":6235.952},{"text":"of","start":6235.952,"end":6236.081},{"text":"full","start":6236.113,"end":6236.321},{"text":"compliance","start":6236.337,"end":6237.011},{"text":"with","start":6237.059,"end":6237.219},{"text":"the","start":6237.219,"end":6237.315},{"text":"second","start":6237.315,"end":6237.78},{"text":"part","start":6237.78,"end":6238.101},{"text":"of","start":6238.101,"end":6238.261},{"text":"Article","start":6238.261,"end":6238.582},{"text":"27.3","start":6238.598,"end":6239.801},{"text":"of","start":6240.202,"end":6240.346},{"text":"the","start":6240.346,"end":6240.426},{"text":"UN","start":6240.426,"end":6240.571},{"text":"Charter.","start":6240.667,"end":6241.228}]},{"text":"As such, we appeal to Member States to promote its application in situations set forth in Chapter 6 of the Charter or in Article 53, Para 3.","start":6242.11,"end":6252.971,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":6242.11,"end":6242.254},{"text":"such,","start":6242.286,"end":6242.575},{"text":"we","start":6242.751,"end":6242.96},{"text":"appeal","start":6243.008,"end":6243.521},{"text":"to","start":6243.81,"end":6243.922},{"text":"Member","start":6244.002,"end":6244.291},{"text":"States","start":6244.291,"end":6244.676},{"text":"to","start":6244.692,"end":6244.932},{"text":"promote","start":6244.932,"end":6245.494},{"text":"its","start":6245.494,"end":6245.654},{"text":"application","start":6245.654,"end":6246.343},{"text":"in","start":6247.017,"end":6247.065},{"text":"situations","start":6247.161,"end":6247.867},{"text":"set","start":6247.899,"end":6248.091},{"text":"forth","start":6248.204,"end":6248.508},{"text":"in","start":6248.604,"end":6248.717},{"text":"Chapter","start":6248.845,"end":6249.214},{"text":"6","start":6249.102,"end":6249.567},{"text":"of","start":6249.567,"end":6249.664},{"text":"the","start":6249.664,"end":6249.808},{"text":"Charter","start":6249.808,"end":6250.354},{"text":"or","start":6250.852,"end":6251.028},{"text":"in","start":6251.028,"end":6251.157},{"text":"Article","start":6251.253,"end":6251.655},{"text":"53,","start":6251.655,"end":6252.217},{"text":"Para","start":6252.297,"end":6252.554},{"text":"3.","start":6252.554,"end":6252.971}]},{"text":"It is appropriate to underscore, Co-Chairs, that the last time that a state abstained from participating in a vote because it was party to a dispute was in 1960, and that state was precisely Argentina.","start":6253.196,"end":6265.271,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6253.196,"end":6253.292},{"text":"is","start":6253.292,"end":6253.405},{"text":"appropriate","start":6253.437,"end":6254.047},{"text":"to","start":6254.24,"end":6254.432},{"text":"underscore,","start":6254.561,"end":6255.219},{"text":"Co-Chairs,","start":6255.283,"end":6255.733},{"text":"that","start":6255.765,"end":6255.861},{"text":"the","start":6255.91,"end":6256.07},{"text":"last","start":6256.086,"end":6256.327},{"text":"time","start":6256.327,"end":6256.68},{"text":"that","start":6256.969,"end":6257.194},{"text":"a","start":6257.194,"end":6257.226},{"text":"state","start":6257.226,"end":6257.612},{"text":"abstained","start":6257.612,"end":6258.077},{"text":"from","start":6258.077,"end":6258.158},{"text":"participating","start":6258.238,"end":6258.864},{"text":"in","start":6258.912,"end":6259.041},{"text":"a","start":6259.041,"end":6259.057},{"text":"vote","start":6259.057,"end":6259.442},{"text":"because","start":6259.699,"end":6260.229},{"text":"it","start":6260.261,"end":6260.357},{"text":"was","start":6260.357,"end":6260.47},{"text":"party","start":6260.502,"end":6260.823},{"text":"to","start":6260.823,"end":6260.919},{"text":"a","start":6260.919,"end":6260.984},{"text":"dispute","start":6260.984,"end":6261.417},{"text":"was","start":6261.706,"end":6261.835},{"text":"in","start":6261.867,"end":6261.915},{"text":"1960,","start":6262.027,"end":6262.798},{"text":"and","start":6262.91,"end":6262.975},{"text":"that","start":6263.055,"end":6263.183},{"text":"state","start":6263.247,"end":6263.504},{"text":"was","start":6263.617,"end":6263.761},{"text":"precisely","start":6263.858,"end":6264.404},{"text":"Argentina.","start":6264.5,"end":6265.271}]},{"text":"This precedent demonstrates that the provisions of the Charter provide valuable tools that must be used more actively and systematically.","start":6266.186,"end":6274.038,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6266.186,"end":6266.427},{"text":"precedent","start":6266.764,"end":6267.486},{"text":"demonstrates","start":6267.727,"end":6268.514},{"text":"that","start":6268.514,"end":6268.643},{"text":"the","start":6268.771,"end":6268.915},{"text":"provisions","start":6268.915,"end":6269.333},{"text":"of","start":6269.349,"end":6269.413},{"text":"the","start":6269.429,"end":6269.526},{"text":"Charter","start":6269.558,"end":6269.959},{"text":"provide","start":6269.959,"end":6270.361},{"text":"valuable","start":6270.361,"end":6270.89},{"text":"tools","start":6271.003,"end":6271.308},{"text":"that","start":6271.34,"end":6271.581},{"text":"must","start":6271.581,"end":6271.902},{"text":"be","start":6271.902,"end":6272.047},{"text":"used","start":6272.127,"end":6272.352},{"text":"more","start":6272.384,"end":6272.641},{"text":"actively","start":6272.689,"end":6273.074},{"text":"and","start":6273.17,"end":6273.251},{"text":"systematically.","start":6273.267,"end":6274.038}]},{"text":"As such, Argentina urges member states to make use of all the tools provided for in the United Nations Charter to improve the functioning of the Security Council, as well as to ensure more balanced decision-making and to preserve the legitimacy of the multilateral system.","start":6274.939,"end":6291.803,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."},{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":6274.939,"end":6275.003},{"text":"such,","start":6275.116,"end":6275.326},{"text":"Argentina","start":6275.423,"end":6276.15},{"text":"urges","start":6276.23,"end":6276.537},{"text":"member","start":6276.65,"end":6276.828},{"text":"states","start":6276.828,"end":6277.264},{"text":"to","start":6277.361,"end":6277.571},{"text":"make","start":6277.619,"end":6277.974},{"text":"use","start":6278.023,"end":6278.33},{"text":"of","start":6278.33,"end":6278.41},{"text":"all","start":6278.653,"end":6278.701},{"text":"the","start":6278.83,"end":6278.992},{"text":"tools","start":6278.992,"end":6279.282},{"text":"provided","start":6279.315,"end":6279.848},{"text":"for","start":6279.864,"end":6280.122},{"text":"in","start":6280.122,"end":6280.203},{"text":"the","start":6280.203,"end":6280.268},{"text":"United","start":6280.268,"end":6280.671},{"text":"Nations","start":6280.671,"end":6281.01},{"text":"Charter","start":6281.01,"end":6281.592},{"text":"to","start":6281.656,"end":6281.915},{"text":"improve","start":6282.044,"end":6282.431},{"text":"the","start":6282.544,"end":6282.69},{"text":"functioning","start":6282.69,"end":6283.223},{"text":"of","start":6283.271,"end":6283.32},{"text":"the","start":6283.32,"end":6283.353},{"text":"Security","start":6283.353,"end":6283.86},{"text":"Council,","start":6283.86,"end":6284.384},{"text":"as","start":6286.1,"end":6286.132},{"text":"well","start":6286.132,"end":6286.245},{"text":"as","start":6286.454,"end":6286.583},{"text":"to","start":6286.615,"end":6286.744},{"text":"ensure","start":6286.776,"end":6287.437},{"text":"more","start":6287.646,"end":6287.92},{"text":"balanced","start":6287.985,"end":6288.291},{"text":"decision-making","start":6288.291,"end":6289},{"text":"and","start":6289.112,"end":6289.273},{"text":"to","start":6289.273,"end":6289.386},{"text":"preserve","start":6289.515,"end":6289.95},{"text":"the","start":6289.982,"end":6290.079},{"text":"legitimacy","start":6290.079,"end":6290.707},{"text":"of","start":6290.707,"end":6290.756},{"text":"the","start":6290.788,"end":6290.868},{"text":"multilateral","start":6290.868,"end":6291.432},{"text":"system.","start":6291.432,"end":6291.803}]},{"text":"Finally, my delegation reiterates its commitment to comprehensive reform of the Security Council.","start":6292.334,"end":6297.839,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":6292.334,"end":6292.657},{"text":"my","start":6292.673,"end":6292.898},{"text":"delegation","start":6292.898,"end":6293.43},{"text":"reiterates","start":6293.527,"end":6293.962},{"text":"its","start":6294.01,"end":6294.187},{"text":"commitment","start":6294.187,"end":6294.783},{"text":"to","start":6294.977,"end":6295.171},{"text":"comprehensive","start":6295.559,"end":6296.352},{"text":"reform","start":6296.352,"end":6296.659},{"text":"of","start":6296.707,"end":6296.82},{"text":"the","start":6296.837,"end":6296.934},{"text":"Security","start":6296.934,"end":6297.419},{"text":"Council.","start":6297.419,"end":6297.839}]},{"text":"This reform must make it more representative, transparent, transparent, democratic, and effective without that reform involving the extending of privileges such as the veto to new members.","start":6298.211,"end":6307.142,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."},{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6298.211,"end":6298.389},{"text":"reform","start":6298.389,"end":6298.744},{"text":"must","start":6298.793,"end":6298.954},{"text":"make","start":6298.954,"end":6299.262},{"text":"it","start":6299.262,"end":6299.423},{"text":"more","start":6299.423,"end":6299.553},{"text":"representative,","start":6299.553,"end":6300.329},{"text":"transparent,","start":6300.345,"end":6300.587},{"text":"transparent,","start":6300.64,"end":6300.896},{"text":"democratic,","start":6300.912,"end":6301.458},{"text":"and","start":6301.474,"end":6301.571},{"text":"effective","start":6301.571,"end":6302.325},{"text":"without","start":6302.823,"end":6303.353},{"text":"that","start":6303.385,"end":6303.514},{"text":"reform","start":6303.722,"end":6304.076},{"text":"involving","start":6304.188,"end":6304.638},{"text":"the","start":6304.686,"end":6304.766},{"text":"extending","start":6304.766,"end":6305.248},{"text":"of","start":6305.248,"end":6305.312},{"text":"privileges","start":6305.328,"end":6305.762},{"text":"such","start":6305.762,"end":6305.938},{"text":"as","start":6306.051,"end":6306.099},{"text":"the","start":6306.131,"end":6306.211},{"text":"veto","start":6306.211,"end":6306.532},{"text":"to","start":6306.532,"end":6306.629},{"text":"new","start":6306.629,"end":6306.805},{"text":"members.","start":6306.837,"end":6307.142}]},{"text":"On the contrary, any reform must move towards limiting and ultimately eradicating those mechanisms which hinder collective action to bring about peace.","start":6307.319,"end":6317.435,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. 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Russia welcomes the convening of another informal meeting of the General Assembly within the framework of the intergovernmental negotiations on 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reality.","start":6405.679,"end":6411.787,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6405.679,"end":6405.776},{"text":"would","start":6405.776,"end":6405.937},{"text":"like","start":6405.937,"end":6406.243},{"text":"once","start":6406.324,"end":6406.565},{"text":"again","start":6406.565,"end":6406.871},{"text":"to","start":6406.984,"end":6407.113},{"text":"assure","start":6407.145,"end":6407.532},{"text":"you","start":6407.532,"end":6407.806},{"text":"that","start":6408.096,"end":6408.451},{"text":"this","start":6408.499,"end":6408.564},{"text":"sort","start":6408.596,"end":6408.854},{"text":"of","start":6408.854,"end":6408.983},{"text":"reasoning","start":6408.999,"end":6409.369},{"text":"is","start":6409.547,"end":6409.692},{"text":"erroneous","start":6409.885,"end":6410.546},{"text":"and","start":6410.594,"end":6410.691},{"text":"detached","start":6410.691,"end":6411.142},{"text":"from","start":6411.158,"end":6411.303},{"text":"reality.","start":6411.335,"end":6411.787}]},{"text":"It is well known in professional diplomatic circles that the veto mechanism is the cornerstone of the functioning of the United 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emergence was the result of lessons that were learned from the practice of the League of Nations.","start":6422.364,"end":6429.607,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Its","start":6422.364,"end":6422.558},{"text":"emergence","start":6422.752,"end":6423.334},{"text":"was","start":6423.399,"end":6423.464},{"text":"the","start":6423.561,"end":6423.642},{"text":"result","start":6423.658,"end":6424.207},{"text":"of","start":6424.612,"end":6424.854},{"text":"lessons","start":6424.935,"end":6425.533},{"text":"that","start":6426.875,"end":6427.004},{"text":"were","start":6427.053,"end":6427.214},{"text":"learned","start":6427.279,"end":6427.748},{"text":"from","start":6427.764,"end":6428.071},{"text":"the","start":6428.33,"end":6428.508},{"text":"practice","start":6428.508,"end":6428.928},{"text":"of","start":6428.928,"end":6428.993},{"text":"the","start":6428.993,"end":6429.09},{"text":"League","start":6429.09,"end":6429.251},{"text":"of","start":6429.251,"end":6429.332},{"text":"Nations.","start":6429.332,"end":6429.607}]},{"text":"Without this right, the organization would inevitably meet the same fate.","start":6431.795,"end":6435.254,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Without","start":6431.795,"end":6432.105},{"text":"this","start":6432.138,"end":6432.366},{"text":"right,","start":6432.366,"end":6432.709},{"text":"the","start":6432.807,"end":6433.019},{"text":"organization","start":6433.019,"end":6433.557},{"text":"would","start":6433.606,"end":6433.753},{"text":"inevitably","start":6433.753,"end":6434.259},{"text":"meet","start":6434.259,"end":6434.487},{"text":"the","start":6434.487,"end":6434.569},{"text":"same","start":6434.569,"end":6434.781},{"text":"fate.","start":6434.895,"end":6435.254}]},{"text":"It is difficult to imagine that the UN, particularly during the Cold War or in today's turbulent times, could have survived even a single decade without this balancing mechanism.","start":6437.18,"end":6447.482,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6437.18,"end":6437.212},{"text":"is","start":6437.212,"end":6437.261},{"text":"difficult","start":6437.359,"end":6437.7},{"text":"to","start":6437.7,"end":6437.847},{"text":"imagine","start":6437.847,"end":6438.319},{"text":"that","start":6438.351,"end":6438.563},{"text":"the","start":6438.596,"end":6438.661},{"text":"UN,","start":6438.742,"end":6438.954},{"text":"particularly","start":6439.247,"end":6439.816},{"text":"during","start":6439.816,"end":6440.061},{"text":"the","start":6440.142,"end":6440.305},{"text":"Cold","start":6440.305,"end":6440.5},{"text":"War","start":6440.614,"end":6440.874},{"text":"or","start":6440.874,"end":6441.021},{"text":"in","start":6441.021,"end":6441.07},{"text":"today's","start":6441.119,"end":6441.444},{"text":"turbulent","start":6441.444,"end":6441.997},{"text":"times,","start":6441.997,"end":6442.437},{"text":"could","start":6443.12,"end":6443.2},{"text":"have","start":6443.2,"end":6443.346},{"text":"survived","start":6443.41,"end":6444.186},{"text":"even","start":6444.186,"end":6444.445},{"text":"a","start":6444.445,"end":6444.461},{"text":"single","start":6444.461,"end":6444.913},{"text":"decade","start":6444.913,"end":6445.43},{"text":"without","start":6445.737,"end":6446.012},{"text":"this","start":6446.141,"end":6446.27},{"text":"balancing","start":6446.384,"end":6446.884},{"text":"mechanism.","start":6446.884,"end":6447.482}]},{"text":"Forcing a limitation of it is unrealistic.","start":6449.86,"end":6452.242,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Forcing","start":6449.86,"end":6450.186},{"text":"a","start":6450.365,"end":6450.447},{"text":"limitation","start":6450.447,"end":6451.051},{"text":"of","start":6451.051,"end":6451.198},{"text":"it","start":6451.198,"end":6451.344},{"text":"is","start":6451.344,"end":6451.393},{"text":"unrealistic.","start":6451.442,"end":6452.242}]},{"text":"We need to acknowledge this and move on.","start":6452.731,"end":6454.657,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6452.731,"end":6452.813},{"text":"need","start":6452.813,"end":6452.976},{"text":"to","start":6452.992,"end":6453.172},{"text":"acknowledge","start":6453.172,"end":6453.613},{"text":"this","start":6453.645,"end":6453.906},{"text":"and","start":6454.118,"end":6454.347},{"text":"move","start":6454.363,"end":6454.608},{"text":"on.","start":6454.608,"end":6454.657}]},{"text":"The added value of initiatives on the voluntary restriction or restraint of the veto is also fairly dubious.","start":6456.691,"end":6462.876,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6456.691,"end":6456.883},{"text":"added","start":6457.173,"end":6457.397},{"text":"value","start":6457.43,"end":6457.928},{"text":"of","start":6458.056,"end":6458.217},{"text":"initiatives","start":6458.217,"end":6458.683},{"text":"on","start":6458.859,"end":6458.924},{"text":"the","start":6458.956,"end":6459.117},{"text":"voluntary","start":6459.117,"end":6459.647},{"text":"restriction","start":6459.904,"end":6460.37},{"text":"or","start":6460.466,"end":6460.514},{"text":"restraint","start":6460.514,"end":6460.9},{"text":"of","start":6460.9,"end":6460.948},{"text":"the","start":6460.98,"end":6461.061},{"text":"veto","start":6461.061,"end":6461.366},{"text":"is","start":6461.382,"end":6461.526},{"text":"also","start":6461.526,"end":6461.816},{"text":"fairly","start":6461.832,"end":6462.217},{"text":"dubious.","start":6462.314,"end":6462.876}]},{"text":"Behind the noble veneer of preventing genocide and crimes against humanity lies a divergence in interpretations of various international events, their causes, and also the possible consequences of decisions that were taken.","start":6463.053,"end":6478.364,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of 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don't need to look very far to find examples.","start":6479.585,"end":6482.059,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6479.585,"end":6479.665},{"text":"don't","start":6479.665,"end":6479.842},{"text":"need","start":6479.842,"end":6479.922},{"text":"to","start":6479.922,"end":6480.051},{"text":"look","start":6480.067,"end":6480.26},{"text":"very","start":6480.324,"end":6480.581},{"text":"far","start":6480.581,"end":6480.967},{"text":"to","start":6480.967,"end":6481.063},{"text":"find","start":6481.111,"end":6481.433},{"text":"examples.","start":6481.433,"end":6482.059}]},{"text":"For example, in 2011, no veto was used with regard to Libya.","start":6482.14,"end":6489.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":6482.14,"end":6482.236},{"text":"example,","start":6482.236,"end":6482.64},{"text":"in","start":6482.656,"end":6482.736},{"text":"2011,","start":6482.736,"end":6483.672},{"text":"no","start":6486.85,"end":6487.027},{"text":"veto","start":6487.157,"end":6487.479},{"text":"was","start":6487.495,"end":6487.592},{"text":"used","start":6487.64,"end":6487.899},{"text":"with","start":6487.899,"end":6488.108},{"text":"regard","start":6488.124,"end":6488.528},{"text":"to","start":6488.544,"end":6488.705},{"text":"Libya.","start":6488.85,"end":6489.27}]},{"text":"A military operation was carried out and it is now absolutely clear that that led not only to the collapse of Libyan statehood but also to the destabilization of half of the African 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Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6535.482,"end":6535.644},{"text":"was","start":6535.644,"end":6535.708},{"text":"precisely","start":6535.805,"end":6536.274},{"text":"on","start":6536.29,"end":6536.355},{"text":"this","start":6536.452,"end":6536.63},{"text":"basis","start":6536.63,"end":6537.147},{"text":"that","start":6537.502,"end":6537.842},{"text":"we","start":6538.084,"end":6538.181},{"text":"decided","start":6538.391,"end":6539.183},{"text":"jointly","start":6539.28,"end":6539.587},{"text":"with","start":6539.603,"end":6539.749},{"text":"China","start":6539.765,"end":6540.104},{"text":"to","start":6540.266,"end":6540.541},{"text":"block","start":6540.573,"end":6540.912},{"text":"a","start":6541.139,"end":6541.3},{"text":"one-sided","start":6541.316,"end":6542.254},{"text":"draft","start":6542.448,"end":6542.868},{"text":"Security","start":6542.868,"end":6543.496},{"text":"Council","start":6543.56,"end":6543.963},{"text":"resolution","start":6543.979,"end":6544.736},{"text":"on","start":6545.574,"end":6545.703},{"text":"the","start":6545.832,"end":6545.993},{"text":"Strait","start":6545.993,"end":6546.315},{"text":"of","start":6546.315,"end":6546.395},{"text":"Hormuz","start":6546.395,"end":6546.766},{"text":"on","start":6546.862,"end":6546.927},{"text":"the","start":6546.943,"end":6547.023},{"text":"7th","start":6547.023,"end":6547.362},{"text":"of","start":6547.362,"end":6547.442},{"text":"April,","start":6547.442,"end":6547.797},{"text":"which","start":6547.845,"end":6547.974},{"text":"failed","start":6548.07,"end":6548.425},{"text":"to","start":6548.425,"end":6548.554},{"text":"take","start":6548.554,"end":6548.811},{"text":"into","start":6548.811,"end":6549.053},{"text":"account","start":6549.053,"end":6549.327},{"text":"the","start":6549.359,"end":6549.44},{"text":"root","start":6549.52,"end":6549.697},{"text":"causes","start":6549.697,"end":6550.164},{"text":"of","start":6550.164,"end":6550.261},{"text":"the","start":6550.261,"end":6550.406},{"text":"conflict","start":6550.406,"end":6550.97},{"text":"and","start":6551.389,"end":6551.775},{"text":"whose","start":6551.775,"end":6551.872},{"text":"adoption","start":6551.872,"end":6552.324},{"text":"implicitly","start":6552.356,"end":6553.212},{"text":"would","start":6553.551,"end":6553.728},{"text":"have","start":6553.728,"end":6553.938},{"text":"legalized","start":6553.954,"end":6554.503},{"text":"the","start":6554.6,"end":6554.681},{"text":"use","start":6554.697,"end":6554.891},{"text":"of","start":6554.955,"end":6555.02},{"text":"force","start":6555.02,"end":6555.359},{"text":"against","start":6555.359,"end":6555.746},{"text":"Iran.","start":6555.746,"end":6556.037}]},{"text":"It's no secret that Western members of the Security Council often view its decisions as a punitive instrument against undesirable states regardless of the ostensibly noble pretexts under which they are advanced.","start":6559.16,"end":6571.225,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of 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delegations frequently introduce intrusive politicized drafts replete with didactic overtones whose sole purpose is to protect the geopolitical interests of the former colonial countries and to impose Western models of development on other states.","start":6572.028,"end":6588.197,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Western","start":6572.028,"end":6572.365},{"text":"delegations","start":6572.365,"end":6572.975},{"text":"frequently","start":6573.008,"end":6573.489},{"text":"introduce","start":6573.489,"end":6574.035},{"text":"intrusive","start":6574.035,"end":6574.742},{"text":"politicized","start":6575.159,"end":6576.235},{"text":"drafts","start":6576.283,"end":6576.797},{"text":"replete","start":6577.086,"end":6577.455},{"text":"with","start":6577.503,"end":6577.712},{"text":"didactic","start":6577.744,"end":6578.531},{"text":"overtones","start":6578.531,"end":6579.157},{"text":"whose","start":6579.655,"end":6579.783},{"text":"sole","start":6579.783,"end":6580.024},{"text":"purpose","start":6580.153,"end":6580.715},{"text":"is","start":6580.715,"end":6580.763},{"text":"to","start":6580.94,"end":6581.116},{"text":"protect","start":6581.116,"end":6581.678},{"text":"the","start":6581.678,"end":6581.839},{"text":"geopolitical","start":6581.839,"end":6582.625},{"text":"interests","start":6582.625,"end":6583.059},{"text":"of","start":6583.059,"end":6583.139},{"text":"the","start":6583.187,"end":6583.268},{"text":"former","start":6583.268,"end":6583.637},{"text":"colonial","start":6583.685,"end":6584.151},{"text":"countries","start":6584.151,"end":6584.633},{"text":"and","start":6584.633,"end":6584.761},{"text":"to","start":6584.793,"end":6584.889},{"text":"impose","start":6584.889,"end":6585.339},{"text":"Western","start":6585.451,"end":6585.885},{"text":"models","start":6586.158,"end":6586.543},{"text":"of","start":6586.8,"end":6586.913},{"text":"development","start":6586.913,"end":6587.523},{"text":"on","start":6587.523,"end":6587.587},{"text":"other","start":6587.619,"end":6587.796},{"text":"states.","start":6587.796,"end":6588.197}]},{"text":"We cannot allow the UN Security Council to be used for such ignoble, overtly neocolonial purposes.","start":6588.989,"end":6597.023,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6588.989,"end":6589.216},{"text":"cannot","start":6589.216,"end":6589.54},{"text":"allow","start":6589.637,"end":6589.896},{"text":"the","start":6590.203,"end":6590.527},{"text":"UN","start":6590.673,"end":6590.899},{"text":"Security","start":6590.932,"end":6591.417},{"text":"Council","start":6591.482,"end":6591.854},{"text":"to","start":6591.903,"end":6592.065},{"text":"be","start":6592.065,"end":6592.227},{"text":"used","start":6592.291,"end":6592.68},{"text":"for","start":6592.712,"end":6592.793},{"text":"such","start":6592.793,"end":6593.085},{"text":"ignoble,","start":6593.522,"end":6594.201},{"text":"overtly","start":6595.042,"end":6595.412},{"text":"neocolonial","start":6595.46,"end":6596.298},{"text":"purposes.","start":6596.411,"end":6597.023}]},{"text":"Therefore, we stand ready to use the veto without hesitation when it comes to defending international law and state sovereignty against arbitrary action and pressure, and also to restoring justice.","start":6597.86,"end":6610.518,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":6597.86,"end":6598.295},{"text":"we","start":6599.616,"end":6599.793},{"text":"stand","start":6599.793,"end":6600.131},{"text":"ready","start":6600.18,"end":6600.405},{"text":"to","start":6600.518,"end":6600.647},{"text":"use","start":6600.663,"end":6600.904},{"text":"the","start":6600.904,"end":6600.985},{"text":"veto","start":6600.985,"end":6601.291},{"text":"without","start":6601.388,"end":6601.661},{"text":"hesitation","start":6601.71,"end":6602.338},{"text":"when","start":6602.531,"end":6602.692},{"text":"it","start":6602.692,"end":6602.773},{"text":"comes","start":6602.773,"end":6603.03},{"text":"to","start":6603.03,"end":6603.175},{"text":"defending","start":6603.175,"end":6603.61},{"text":"international","start":6603.659,"end":6604.174},{"text":"law","start":6604.207,"end":6604.337},{"text":"and","start":6604.856,"end":6605.034},{"text":"state","start":6605.034,"end":6605.31},{"text":"sovereignty","start":6605.375,"end":6606.057},{"text":"against","start":6606.235,"end":6606.722},{"text":"arbitrary","start":6606.803,"end":6607.355},{"text":"action","start":6607.468,"end":6607.922},{"text":"and","start":6608.263,"end":6608.409},{"text":"pressure,","start":6608.506,"end":6608.912},{"text":"and","start":6608.928,"end":6609.107},{"text":"also","start":6609.155,"end":6609.415},{"text":"to","start":6609.415,"end":6609.577},{"text":"restoring","start":6609.577,"end":6610.015},{"text":"justice.","start":6610.129,"end":6610.518}]},{"text":"We are also always prepared to openly the reasons that have led us to do so.","start":6612.076,"end":6617.021,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. 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threat of the use of the veto plays an important role in this, encouraging delegations to work on the text, propose amendments where necessary, necessary and to put forward alternative 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is, to do everything that makes up the essence of multilateral diplomacy and the foundations of a multipolar world in which every Council member's vote 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this way, the veto encourages Council members to act responsibly, taking into account the views of others, regardless of geopolitical 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Security Council.","start":6670.634,"end":6676.093,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6670.634,"end":6670.747},{"text":"is","start":6670.747,"end":6670.859},{"text":"rather","start":6670.875,"end":6671.244},{"text":"an","start":6671.357,"end":6671.405},{"text":"inalienable","start":6671.597,"end":6672.882},{"text":"instrument","start":6672.898,"end":6673.379},{"text":"for","start":6673.379,"end":6673.524},{"text":"achieving","start":6673.54,"end":6673.99},{"text":"consent","start":6674.182,"end":6674.664},{"text":"and","start":6674.664,"end":6674.744},{"text":"agreement","start":6674.76,"end":6675.065},{"text":"in","start":6675.065,"end":6675.145},{"text":"the","start":6675.145,"end":6675.226},{"text":"Security","start":6675.226,"end":6675.691},{"text":"Council.","start":6675.691,"end":6676.093}]},{"text":"We are convinced that it is not the veto itself that should be criticized, but rather the unwillingness of certain Council members to listen to and take into account the views 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Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6749.73,"end":6749.81},{"text":"you","start":6749.81,"end":6749.842},{"text":"very","start":6749.842,"end":6749.939},{"text":"much","start":6749.939,"end":6750.374},{"text":"indeed,","start":6750.47,"end":6751.276}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"RUS","affiliation_full":"Russian Federation","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":47,"start":6751.694,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=6752","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"co-chair.","start":6751.694,"end":6752.177,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"co-chair.","start":6751.694,"end":6752.177}]},{"text":"Mexico shares the position expressed by Italy on behalf of the Movement Uniting for Consensus, UFC, and we support the statement made by Liechtenstein","start":6753.45,"end":6765.589,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mexico","start":6753.45,"end":6754.094},{"text":"shares","start":6754.835,"end":6755.366},{"text":"the","start":6755.543,"end":6755.801},{"text":"position","start":6755.866,"end":6756.22},{"text":"expressed","start":6756.22,"end":6756.687},{"text":"by","start":6756.687,"end":6756.912},{"text":"Italy","start":6756.993,"end":6757.379},{"text":"on","start":6757.412,"end":6757.46},{"text":"behalf","start":6757.718,"end":6758.378},{"text":"of","start":6758.523,"end":6758.829},{"text":"the","start":6758.91,"end":6759.103},{"text":"Movement","start":6759.103,"end":6759.442},{"text":"Uniting","start":6759.49,"end":6759.958},{"text":"for","start":6759.99,"end":6760.152},{"text":"Consensus,","start":6760.152,"end":6760.829},{"text":"UFC,","start":6762.556,"end":6762.717},{"text":"and","start":6763.282,"end":6763.427},{"text":"we","start":6763.459,"end":6763.556},{"text":"support","start":6763.556,"end":6764.024},{"text":"the","start":6764.024,"end":6764.104},{"text":"statement","start":6764.104,"end":6764.508},{"text":"made","start":6764.508,"end":6764.75},{"text":"by","start":6764.75,"end":6764.911},{"text":"Liechtenstein","start":6764.911,"end":6765.589}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IGN","affiliation_full":"IGN","group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":48,"start":6765.637,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=6766","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"on behalf of a group of countries interested in restricting the use of the veto.","start":6765.637,"end":6769.622,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. 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They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6770.103,"end":6770.183},{"text":"veto","start":6770.183,"end":6770.713},{"text":"has","start":6770.729,"end":6770.954},{"text":"in","start":6771.05,"end":6771.114},{"text":"practice","start":6771.146,"end":6771.708},{"text":"become","start":6771.708,"end":6772.078},{"text":"a","start":6772.11,"end":6772.19},{"text":"hindrance","start":6772.19,"end":6772.832},{"text":"to","start":6772.897,"end":6773.009},{"text":"the","start":6773.218,"end":6773.33},{"text":"maintenance","start":6773.33,"end":6773.908},{"text":"and/or","start":6774.101,"end":6774.534},{"text":"restoration","start":6774.583,"end":6775.193},{"text":"of","start":6775.241,"end":6775.369},{"text":"peace.","start":6775.401,"end":6775.771}]},{"text":"The most recent cases demonstrate how the use of the veto or the threat of its use create paralysis within the Council and limit its ability to respond to gargantuan international security crises.","start":6776.429,"end":6791.346,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. 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The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6776.429,"end":6776.509},{"text":"most","start":6776.509,"end":6776.766},{"text":"recent","start":6776.766,"end":6777.168},{"text":"cases","start":6777.168,"end":6777.617},{"text":"demonstrate","start":6777.73,"end":6778.372},{"text":"how","start":6778.372,"end":6778.709},{"text":"the","start":6779.319,"end":6779.496},{"text":"use","start":6779.721,"end":6780.042},{"text":"of","start":6780.042,"end":6780.202},{"text":"the","start":6780.202,"end":6780.283},{"text":"veto","start":6780.283,"end":6780.668},{"text":"or","start":6780.684,"end":6780.764},{"text":"the","start":6780.764,"end":6780.925},{"text":"threat","start":6780.925,"end":6781.262},{"text":"of","start":6781.262,"end":6781.358},{"text":"its","start":6781.358,"end":6781.551},{"text":"use","start":6781.744,"end":6782.017},{"text":"create","start":6782.932,"end":6783.414},{"text":"paralysis","start":6783.51,"end":6784.12},{"text":"within","start":6784.217,"end":6784.425},{"text":"the","start":6784.473,"end":6784.554},{"text":"Council","start":6784.554,"end":6785.1},{"text":"and","start":6785.1,"end":6785.164},{"text":"limit","start":6785.34,"end":6785.742},{"text":"its","start":6785.742,"end":6785.886},{"text":"ability","start":6785.935,"end":6786.448},{"text":"to","start":6786.561,"end":6786.737},{"text":"respond","start":6786.802,"end":6787.492},{"text":"to","start":6787.588,"end":6787.701},{"text":"gargantuan","start":6788.311,"end":6789.178},{"text":"international","start":6789.595,"end":6790.174},{"text":"security","start":6790.174,"end":6790.735},{"text":"crises.","start":6790.8,"end":6791.346}]},{"text":"The existence of the veto perpetuates a hierarchy which was established in the discussions at San Francisco in 1945.","start":6792.02,"end":6801.386,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6792.02,"end":6792.165},{"text":"existence","start":6792.165,"end":6792.694},{"text":"of","start":6792.743,"end":6792.839},{"text":"the","start":6792.887,"end":6792.983},{"text":"veto","start":6792.983,"end":6793.449},{"text":"perpetuates","start":6793.449,"end":6794.364},{"text":"a","start":6794.734,"end":6794.782},{"text":"hierarchy","start":6795.376,"end":6796.485},{"text":"which","start":6796.581,"end":6796.726},{"text":"was","start":6796.758,"end":6796.919},{"text":"established","start":6796.919,"end":6797.77},{"text":"in","start":6797.867,"end":6798.011},{"text":"the","start":6798.043,"end":6798.429},{"text":"discussions","start":6798.429,"end":6798.895},{"text":"at","start":6798.927,"end":6798.975},{"text":"San","start":6799.007,"end":6799.168},{"text":"Francisco","start":6799.168,"end":6799.731},{"text":"in","start":6799.747,"end":6799.795},{"text":"1945.","start":6799.875,"end":6801.386}]},{"text":"Today, that hierarchy is difficult to swallow in view of the principle of legal equality between states, accountability, and democracy.","start":6802.044,"end":6809.79,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"Today,","start":6802.044,"end":6802.494},{"text":"that","start":6802.768,"end":6802.928},{"text":"hierarchy","start":6802.928,"end":6803.475},{"text":"is","start":6803.571,"end":6803.635},{"text":"difficult","start":6803.667,"end":6804.166},{"text":"to","start":6804.23,"end":6804.326},{"text":"swallow","start":6804.374,"end":6804.921},{"text":"in","start":6805.017,"end":6805.081},{"text":"view","start":6805.258,"end":6805.531},{"text":"of","start":6805.74,"end":6806.046},{"text":"the","start":6806.078,"end":6806.238},{"text":"principle","start":6806.238,"end":6806.64},{"text":"of","start":6806.64,"end":6806.785},{"text":"legal","start":6806.785,"end":6806.978},{"text":"equality","start":6806.978,"end":6807.411},{"text":"between","start":6807.444,"end":6807.701},{"text":"states,","start":6807.701,"end":6808.118},{"text":"accountability,","start":6808.167,"end":6808.938},{"text":"and","start":6809.05,"end":6809.195},{"text":"democracy.","start":6809.195,"end":6809.79}]},{"text":"That's not to mention the fact it undermines the Council's primary responsibility to maintain, maintain peace and undermines the very credibility of the organization.","start":6811.284,"end":6820.829,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"That's","start":6811.284,"end":6811.557},{"text":"not","start":6811.557,"end":6811.846},{"text":"to","start":6811.846,"end":6811.959},{"text":"mention","start":6811.959,"end":6812.553},{"text":"the","start":6813.148,"end":6813.405},{"text":"fact","start":6813.855,"end":6814.112},{"text":"it","start":6814.112,"end":6814.257},{"text":"undermines","start":6814.273,"end":6814.803},{"text":"the","start":6814.835,"end":6814.98},{"text":"Council's","start":6814.98,"end":6815.317},{"text":"primary","start":6815.317,"end":6815.623},{"text":"responsibility","start":6815.623,"end":6816.49},{"text":"to","start":6816.506,"end":6816.651},{"text":"maintain,","start":6816.651,"end":6817.133},{"text":"maintain","start":6817.262,"end":6817.695},{"text":"peace","start":6817.808,"end":6818.21},{"text":"and","start":6818.21,"end":6818.37},{"text":"undermines","start":6818.37,"end":6818.74},{"text":"the","start":6818.772,"end":6818.804},{"text":"very","start":6818.852,"end":6818.981},{"text":"credibility","start":6819.077,"end":6819.704},{"text":"of","start":6819.881,"end":6820.041},{"text":"the","start":6820.041,"end":6820.106},{"text":"organization.","start":6820.138,"end":6820.829}]},{"text":"Extending the privilege of the veto to potential new members of the Council contradicts the need to have a decision-making process which is more efficient and effective in the face of new threats.","start":6821.546,"end":6836.348,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."},{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"Extending","start":6821.546,"end":6822.26},{"text":"the","start":6822.374,"end":6822.52},{"text":"privilege","start":6822.618,"end":6823.251},{"text":"of","start":6823.251,"end":6823.365},{"text":"the","start":6823.365,"end":6823.446},{"text":"veto","start":6823.446,"end":6823.998},{"text":"to","start":6823.998,"end":6824.177},{"text":"potential","start":6824.242,"end":6824.664},{"text":"new","start":6824.664,"end":6824.859},{"text":"members","start":6824.956,"end":6825.265},{"text":"of","start":6825.297,"end":6825.378},{"text":"the","start":6825.378,"end":6825.525},{"text":"Council","start":6825.525,"end":6825.979},{"text":"contradicts","start":6826.174,"end":6827.278},{"text":"the","start":6827.473,"end":6827.571},{"text":"need","start":6827.571,"end":6828.22},{"text":"to","start":6828.22,"end":6828.431},{"text":"have","start":6828.529,"end":6828.837},{"text":"a","start":6829.097,"end":6829.276},{"text":"decision-making","start":6829.65,"end":6830.779},{"text":"process","start":6830.892,"end":6831.425},{"text":"which","start":6831.619,"end":6831.796},{"text":"is","start":6831.877,"end":6831.99},{"text":"more","start":6832.038,"end":6832.361},{"text":"efficient","start":6832.41,"end":6832.894},{"text":"and","start":6833.313,"end":6833.41},{"text":"effective","start":6833.41,"end":6833.991},{"text":"in","start":6834.201,"end":6834.25},{"text":"the","start":6834.362,"end":6834.443},{"text":"face","start":6834.443,"end":6834.798},{"text":"of","start":6835.153,"end":6835.299},{"text":"new","start":6835.476,"end":6835.621},{"text":"threats.","start":6835.831,"end":6836.348}]},{"text":"Mexico continues to question the validity of the veto and reaffirms its staunch support for efforts designed to restrict the veto's use.","start":6837.203,"end":6846.553,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Mexico","start":6837.203,"end":6837.913},{"text":"continues","start":6837.994,"end":6838.769},{"text":"to","start":6839.026,"end":6839.3},{"text":"question","start":6839.348,"end":6839.831},{"text":"the","start":6839.831,"end":6839.927},{"text":"validity","start":6839.927,"end":6840.554},{"text":"of","start":6840.554,"end":6840.635},{"text":"the","start":6840.635,"end":6840.731},{"text":"veto","start":6840.731,"end":6841.181},{"text":"and","start":6841.439,"end":6841.551},{"text":"reaffirms","start":6841.76,"end":6842.468},{"text":"its","start":6842.645,"end":6842.79},{"text":"staunch","start":6842.822,"end":6843.24},{"text":"support","start":6843.24,"end":6843.771},{"text":"for","start":6843.771,"end":6844.012},{"text":"efforts","start":6844.012,"end":6844.35},{"text":"designed","start":6844.35,"end":6844.671},{"text":"to","start":6844.671,"end":6844.816},{"text":"restrict","start":6844.832,"end":6845.475},{"text":"the","start":6845.701,"end":6845.797},{"text":"veto's","start":6845.797,"end":6846.183},{"text":"use.","start":6846.199,"end":6846.553}]},{"text":"Particularly in situations which involve mass atrocities, war crimes, and grave violations of international humanitarian law.","start":6846.926,"end":6856.047,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Particularly","start":6846.926,"end":6847.472},{"text":"in","start":6847.504,"end":6847.553},{"text":"situations","start":6847.601,"end":6848.355},{"text":"which","start":6848.452,"end":6848.596},{"text":"involve","start":6848.95,"end":6849.399},{"text":"mass","start":6849.431,"end":6849.752},{"text":"atrocities,","start":6849.752,"end":6850.443},{"text":"war","start":6850.941,"end":6851.181},{"text":"crimes,","start":6851.181,"end":6851.567},{"text":"and","start":6852.065,"end":6852.289},{"text":"grave","start":6852.386,"end":6852.739},{"text":"violations","start":6852.964,"end":6853.767},{"text":"of","start":6853.911,"end":6854.056},{"text":"international","start":6854.248,"end":6855.051},{"text":"humanitarian","start":6855.051,"end":6855.806},{"text":"law.","start":6855.934,"end":6856.047}]},{"text":"Moreover, we advocate for the furtherance of the Franco-Mexican initiative for the voluntary restriction of the veto in these cases.","start":6857.283,"end":6865.697,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":6857.283,"end":6857.941},{"text":"we","start":6858.343,"end":6858.584},{"text":"advocate","start":6858.808,"end":6859.451},{"text":"for","start":6859.451,"end":6859.884},{"text":"the","start":6860.205,"end":6860.35},{"text":"furtherance","start":6860.35,"end":6860.928},{"text":"of","start":6860.928,"end":6861.056},{"text":"the","start":6861.056,"end":6861.153},{"text":"Franco-Mexican","start":6861.153,"end":6862.196},{"text":"initiative","start":6862.196,"end":6862.806},{"text":"for","start":6863.224,"end":6863.32},{"text":"the","start":6863.32,"end":6863.465},{"text":"voluntary","start":6863.465,"end":6863.802},{"text":"restriction","start":6863.866,"end":6864.251},{"text":"of","start":6864.284,"end":6864.364},{"text":"the","start":6864.364,"end":6864.444},{"text":"veto","start":6864.444,"end":6864.83},{"text":"in","start":6864.926,"end":6864.974},{"text":"these","start":6865.07,"end":6865.215},{"text":"cases.","start":6865.247,"end":6865.697}]},{"text":"We also champion the universal adoption of the ACT Code of Conduct.","start":6865.809,"end":6870.706,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6865.809,"end":6865.986},{"text":"also","start":6866.114,"end":6866.435},{"text":"champion","start":6866.435,"end":6866.933},{"text":"the","start":6866.933,"end":6867.077},{"text":"universal","start":6867.094,"end":6867.575},{"text":"adoption","start":6867.575,"end":6868.025},{"text":"of","start":6868.282,"end":6868.41},{"text":"the","start":6868.458,"end":6868.651},{"text":"ACT","start":6868.763,"end":6869.325},{"text":"Code","start":6869.807,"end":6870.064},{"text":"of","start":6870.064,"end":6870.144},{"text":"Conduct.","start":6870.144,"end":6870.706}]},{"text":"Moreover, appeal to states that have not yet acceded to these initiatives to do so with the urgency that the issue requires.","start":6872.376,"end":6881.031,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":6872.376,"end":6873.083},{"text":"appeal","start":6873.179,"end":6873.548},{"text":"to","start":6873.741,"end":6873.918},{"text":"states","start":6873.918,"end":6874.319},{"text":"that","start":6874.319,"end":6874.447},{"text":"have","start":6874.463,"end":6874.576},{"text":"not","start":6874.64,"end":6874.833},{"text":"yet","start":6874.961,"end":6875.298},{"text":"acceded","start":6875.668,"end":6876.165},{"text":"to","start":6876.165,"end":6876.326},{"text":"these","start":6876.326,"end":6876.535},{"text":"initiatives","start":6876.567,"end":6877.097},{"text":"to","start":6877.193,"end":6877.306},{"text":"do","start":6877.53,"end":6877.643},{"text":"so","start":6877.771,"end":6878.06},{"text":"with","start":6878.173,"end":6878.397},{"text":"the","start":6878.397,"end":6878.558},{"text":"urgency","start":6878.638,"end":6879.184},{"text":"that","start":6879.537,"end":6879.859},{"text":"the","start":6879.875,"end":6880.083},{"text":"issue","start":6880.164,"end":6880.356},{"text":"requires.","start":6880.42,"end":6881.031}]},{"text":"Moreover, any efforts to restrict the use of the veto must be viewed in the light of the Charter's provisions.","start":6881.866,"end":6888.947,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":6881.866,"end":6882.492},{"text":"any","start":6883.776,"end":6883.921},{"text":"efforts","start":6884.097,"end":6884.531},{"text":"to","start":6884.595,"end":6884.708},{"text":"restrict","start":6884.756,"end":6885.237},{"text":"the","start":6885.237,"end":6885.382},{"text":"use","start":6885.398,"end":6885.639},{"text":"of","start":6885.639,"end":6885.719},{"text":"the","start":6885.719,"end":6885.799},{"text":"veto","start":6885.799,"end":6886.121},{"text":"must","start":6886.121,"end":6886.361},{"text":"be","start":6886.361,"end":6886.522},{"text":"viewed","start":6886.522,"end":6887.068},{"text":"in","start":6887.084,"end":6887.212},{"text":"the","start":6887.228,"end":6887.325},{"text":"light","start":6887.325,"end":6887.71},{"text":"of","start":6887.71,"end":6887.871},{"text":"the","start":6887.871,"end":6887.967},{"text":"Charter's","start":6887.967,"end":6888.385},{"text":"provisions.","start":6888.433,"end":6888.947}]},{"text":"Article 27, paragraph 3 establishes the obligation to abstain from voting For parties to a dispute in decisions adopted pursuant to Chapter VI, the effective application of that provision will serve to avoid situations in which the veto prevents the adoption of measures designed to peacefully resolve disputes, including the cessation of hostilities.","start":6889.476,"end":6915.682,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"Article","start":6889.476,"end":6889.878},{"text":"27,","start":6889.878,"end":6890.584},{"text":"paragraph","start":6890.616,"end":6891.082},{"text":"3","start":6891.178,"end":6891.532},{"text":"establishes","start":6891.66,"end":6892.351},{"text":"the","start":6892.463,"end":6892.688},{"text":"obligation","start":6892.848,"end":6893.651},{"text":"to","start":6893.651,"end":6893.812},{"text":"abstain","start":6893.812,"end":6894.598},{"text":"from","start":6895.594,"end":6895.803},{"text":"voting","start":6896.461,"end":6897.232},{"text":"For","start":6898.002,"end":6898.242},{"text":"parties","start":6898.242,"end":6898.771},{"text":"to","start":6898.964,"end":6899.092},{"text":"a","start":6899.14,"end":6899.156},{"text":"dispute","start":6899.268,"end":6899.829},{"text":"in","start":6899.829,"end":6899.925},{"text":"decisions","start":6899.925,"end":6900.406},{"text":"adopted","start":6900.406,"end":6900.855},{"text":"pursuant","start":6900.951,"end":6901.368},{"text":"to","start":6901.368,"end":6901.528},{"text":"Chapter","start":6901.528,"end":6902.073},{"text":"VI,","start":6902.234,"end":6902.795},{"text":"the","start":6903.276,"end":6903.468},{"text":"effective","start":6903.596,"end":6904.013},{"text":"application","start":6904.013,"end":6904.766},{"text":"of","start":6904.878,"end":6904.943},{"text":"that","start":6904.975,"end":6905.135},{"text":"provision","start":6905.135,"end":6905.584},{"text":"will","start":6905.68,"end":6905.792},{"text":"serve","start":6906.017,"end":6906.481},{"text":"to","start":6906.481,"end":6906.578},{"text":"avoid","start":6906.578,"end":6907.058},{"text":"situations","start":6907.058,"end":6907.748},{"text":"in","start":6907.844,"end":6907.94},{"text":"which","start":6907.94,"end":6908.068},{"text":"the","start":6908.245,"end":6908.325},{"text":"veto","start":6908.341,"end":6908.806},{"text":"prevents","start":6908.822,"end":6909.302},{"text":"the","start":6909.302,"end":6909.463},{"text":"adoption","start":6909.463,"end":6909.864},{"text":"of","start":6909.88,"end":6909.928},{"text":"measures","start":6910.008,"end":6910.312},{"text":"designed","start":6910.425,"end":6911.05},{"text":"to","start":6911.05,"end":6911.226},{"text":"peacefully","start":6911.226,"end":6911.755},{"text":"resolve","start":6911.787,"end":6912.284},{"text":"disputes,","start":6912.653,"end":6913.133},{"text":"including","start":6913.214,"end":6913.759},{"text":"the","start":6913.871,"end":6913.967},{"text":"cessation","start":6913.967,"end":6914.56},{"text":"of","start":6914.816,"end":6914.897},{"text":"hostilities.","start":6914.897,"end":6915.682}]},{"text":"Mexico sees the phrase party to a dispute as a definition applying to the following cases, in addition to those referred to by Liechtenstein.","start":6916.435,"end":6925.123,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. 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if Lithuania is not ready, I will— then I will give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United 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Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"power","start":7029.338,"end":7029.663},{"text":"should","start":7029.663,"end":7029.841},{"text":"be","start":7029.89,"end":7030.052},{"text":"exercised","start":7030.068,"end":7030.604},{"text":"responsibly.","start":7030.604,"end":7030.896}]},{"text":"Responsibly.","start":7031.28,"end":7031.766,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Responsibly.","start":7031.28,"end":7031.766}]},{"text":"We heard many delegations share this perspective in the latest General Assembly debate on the use of the veto.","start":7032.447,"end":7037.491,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7032.447,"end":7032.609},{"text":"heard","start":7032.609,"end":7032.885},{"text":"many","start":7032.934,"end":7033.144},{"text":"delegations","start":7033.177,"end":7033.712},{"text":"share","start":7033.744,"end":7033.988},{"text":"this","start":7033.988,"end":7034.117},{"text":"perspective","start":7034.15,"end":7034.766},{"text":"in","start":7034.88,"end":7034.928},{"text":"the","start":7034.961,"end":7035.107},{"text":"latest","start":7035.107,"end":7035.447},{"text":"General","start":7035.447,"end":7035.755},{"text":"Assembly","start":7035.755,"end":7036.096},{"text":"debate","start":7036.161,"end":7036.436},{"text":"on","start":7036.582,"end":7036.631},{"text":"the","start":7036.664,"end":7036.809},{"text":"use","start":7036.809,"end":7036.939},{"text":"of","start":7036.988,"end":7037.101},{"text":"the","start":7037.134,"end":7037.231},{"text":"veto.","start":7037.231,"end":7037.491}]},{"text":"We recognize the gravity and responsibility that accompanies this power and have not exercised our own veto since 1989.","start":7039.04,"end":7047.135,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. 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Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"is","start":7139.406,"end":7139.502},{"text":"a","start":7139.502,"end":7139.518},{"text":"broad","start":7139.631,"end":7139.823},{"text":"agreement","start":7139.823,"end":7140.24},{"text":"that","start":7140.369,"end":7140.513},{"text":"the","start":7140.513,"end":7140.593},{"text":"Security","start":7140.593,"end":7140.994},{"text":"Council","start":7140.994,"end":7141.331},{"text":"should","start":7141.331,"end":7141.62},{"text":"better","start":7141.652,"end":7141.957},{"text":"reflect","start":7141.957,"end":7142.454},{"text":"contemporary","start":7142.454,"end":7143.224},{"text":"realities","start":7143.32,"end":7143.866},{"text":"and","start":7144.459,"end":7144.523},{"text":"be","start":7144.619,"end":7144.7},{"text":"more","start":7144.7,"end":7144.924},{"text":"representative","start":7144.924,"end":7145.55},{"text":"in","start":7146.288,"end":7146.336},{"text":"its","start":7146.384,"end":7146.528},{"text":"composition,","start":7146.528,"end":7147.074},{"text":"this","start":7147.346,"end":7147.475},{"text":"alone","start":7147.571,"end":7147.86},{"text":"will","start":7148.229,"end":7148.341},{"text":"not","start":7148.341,"end":7148.614},{"text":"resolve","start":7148.614,"end":7148.999},{"text":"its","start":7149.095,"end":7149.207},{"text":"most","start":7149.255,"end":7149.576},{"text":"fundamental","start":7149.576,"end":7150.073},{"text":"shortcomings.","start":7150.073,"end":7150.683}]},{"text":"The Council's recurring inability to effectively carry out its core mandate— maintaining international peace and security— stems primarily from the use of the veto.","start":7151.517,"end":7160.58,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. 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Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"Expanding","start":7161.463,"end":7161.896},{"text":"membership","start":7161.944,"end":7162.57},{"text":"without","start":7162.666,"end":7162.955},{"text":"addressing","start":7163.003,"end":7163.436},{"text":"this","start":7163.532,"end":7163.66},{"text":"structural","start":7163.708,"end":7164.158},{"text":"constraint","start":7164.174,"end":7164.96},{"text":"risks","start":7165.216,"end":7165.649},{"text":"creating","start":7165.697,"end":7166.065},{"text":"a","start":7166.113,"end":7166.129},{"text":"larger,","start":7166.257,"end":7166.706},{"text":"yet","start":7167.139,"end":7167.395},{"text":"equally","start":7167.395,"end":7167.763},{"text":"ineffective","start":7167.972,"end":7168.565},{"text":"body.","start":7168.837,"end":7169.077}]},{"text":"And let me be clear here, we support the inclusive format of the Council, but it is how the Council works, not how it looks, that is our key concern.","start":7169.718,"end":7179.604,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7169.718,"end":7169.782},{"text":"let","start":7169.798,"end":7169.926},{"text":"me","start":7169.958,"end":7170.039},{"text":"be","start":7170.039,"end":7170.199},{"text":"clear","start":7170.199,"end":7170.503},{"text":"here,","start":7170.503,"end":7170.744},{"text":"we","start":7170.84,"end":7171},{"text":"support","start":7171.096,"end":7171.721},{"text":"the","start":7171.721,"end":7171.785},{"text":"inclusive","start":7171.801,"end":7172.33},{"text":"format","start":7172.506,"end":7173.083},{"text":"of","start":7173.083,"end":7173.179},{"text":"the","start":7173.179,"end":7173.307},{"text":"Council,","start":7173.307,"end":7173.724},{"text":"but","start":7174.525,"end":7174.669},{"text":"it","start":7174.669,"end":7174.765},{"text":"is","start":7174.765,"end":7174.909},{"text":"how","start":7174.909,"end":7175.037},{"text":"the","start":7175.326,"end":7175.47},{"text":"Council","start":7175.47,"end":7175.951},{"text":"works,","start":7176.031,"end":7176.447},{"text":"not","start":7176.928,"end":7177.264},{"text":"how","start":7177.473,"end":7177.601},{"text":"it","start":7177.649,"end":7177.713},{"text":"looks,","start":7177.809,"end":7178.13},{"text":"that","start":7178.69,"end":7178.835},{"text":"is","start":7178.835,"end":7178.899},{"text":"our","start":7178.995,"end":7179.091},{"text":"key","start":7179.091,"end":7179.235},{"text":"concern.","start":7179.235,"end":7179.604}]},{"text":"For this reason, the veto and the use and non-use of the veto are key elements of this reform discussion.","start":7180.837,"end":7189.073,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":7180.837,"end":7180.918},{"text":"this","start":7180.934,"end":7181.158},{"text":"reason,","start":7181.158,"end":7181.398},{"text":"the","start":7181.414,"end":7181.558},{"text":"veto","start":7181.558,"end":7181.975},{"text":"and","start":7183,"end":7183.145},{"text":"the","start":7183.337,"end":7183.433},{"text":"use","start":7183.433,"end":7183.753},{"text":"and","start":7184.202,"end":7184.346},{"text":"non-use","start":7184.779,"end":7185.292},{"text":"of","start":7185.58,"end":7185.676},{"text":"the","start":7185.724,"end":7185.82},{"text":"veto","start":7185.82,"end":7186.205},{"text":"are","start":7187.166,"end":7187.214},{"text":"key","start":7187.326,"end":7187.567},{"text":"elements","start":7187.647,"end":7188.063},{"text":"of","start":7188.127,"end":7188.175},{"text":"this","start":7188.208,"end":7188.368},{"text":"reform","start":7188.368,"end":7188.64},{"text":"discussion.","start":7188.64,"end":7189.073}]},{"text":"It is widely recognized that the veto has repeatedly hindered timely and decisive action.","start":7190.082,"end":7193.975,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":7190.082,"end":7190.146},{"text":"is","start":7190.146,"end":7190.226},{"text":"widely","start":7190.226,"end":7190.547},{"text":"recognized","start":7190.547,"end":7191.107},{"text":"that","start":7191.107,"end":7191.252},{"text":"the","start":7191.252,"end":7191.348},{"text":"veto","start":7191.348,"end":7191.588},{"text":"has","start":7191.588,"end":7191.732},{"text":"repeatedly","start":7191.748,"end":7192.229},{"text":"hindered","start":7192.293,"end":7192.71},{"text":"timely","start":7192.71,"end":7193.078},{"text":"and","start":7193.19,"end":7193.254},{"text":"decisive","start":7193.351,"end":7193.815},{"text":"action.","start":7193.831,"end":7193.975}]},{"text":"Proposals to extend veto privileges to additional members are difficult to justify.","start":7195.133,"end":7199.644,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"Proposals","start":7195.133,"end":7195.665},{"text":"to","start":7195.697,"end":7195.81},{"text":"extend","start":7195.842,"end":7196.132},{"text":"veto","start":7196.164,"end":7196.358},{"text":"privileges","start":7196.487,"end":7196.954},{"text":"to","start":7196.986,"end":7197.099},{"text":"additional","start":7197.147,"end":7197.566},{"text":"members","start":7197.566,"end":7198.001},{"text":"are","start":7198.597,"end":7198.677},{"text":"difficult","start":7198.677,"end":7199.145},{"text":"to","start":7199.145,"end":7199.225},{"text":"justify.","start":7199.225,"end":7199.644}]},{"text":"Not only would it move— or risk compounding existing dysfunctions, but it would also be challenging to explain to global public opinion, which demands of us accountability and effectiveness.","start":7200.224,"end":7211.625,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Not","start":7200.224,"end":7200.433},{"text":"only","start":7200.449,"end":7200.659},{"text":"would","start":7200.755,"end":7200.917},{"text":"it","start":7200.917,"end":7201.11},{"text":"move—","start":7201.319,"end":7201.706},{"text":"or","start":7203.188,"end":7203.43},{"text":"risk","start":7203.43,"end":7203.752},{"text":"compounding","start":7203.752,"end":7204.204},{"text":"existing","start":7204.3,"end":7204.671},{"text":"dysfunctions,","start":7204.72,"end":7205.333},{"text":"but","start":7205.446,"end":7205.591},{"text":"it","start":7205.591,"end":7205.623},{"text":"would","start":7205.623,"end":7205.752},{"text":"also","start":7205.833,"end":7206.027},{"text":"be","start":7206.091,"end":7206.172},{"text":"challenging","start":7206.172,"end":7206.624},{"text":"to","start":7206.656,"end":7206.801},{"text":"explain","start":7206.801,"end":7207.204},{"text":"to","start":7207.204,"end":7207.285},{"text":"global","start":7207.285,"end":7207.608},{"text":"public","start":7207.608,"end":7207.882},{"text":"opinion,","start":7207.882,"end":7208.237},{"text":"which","start":7208.753,"end":7208.898},{"text":"demands","start":7208.914,"end":7209.318},{"text":"of","start":7209.334,"end":7209.544},{"text":"us","start":7209.544,"end":7209.753},{"text":"accountability","start":7210.124,"end":7210.818},{"text":"and","start":7211.076,"end":7211.157},{"text":"effectiveness.","start":7211.157,"end":7211.625}]},{"text":"There is little doubt that the veto will remain, in one way or another, a feature of the system.","start":7212.732,"end":7218.26,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":7212.732,"end":7212.828},{"text":"is","start":7212.828,"end":7212.941},{"text":"little","start":7212.957,"end":7213.182},{"text":"doubt","start":7213.198,"end":7213.583},{"text":"that","start":7213.68,"end":7213.825},{"text":"the","start":7213.841,"end":7213.937},{"text":"veto","start":7213.937,"end":7214.21},{"text":"will","start":7214.258,"end":7214.451},{"text":"remain,","start":7214.901,"end":7215.271},{"text":"in","start":7215.946,"end":7216.026},{"text":"one","start":7216.026,"end":7216.155},{"text":"way","start":7216.251,"end":7216.348},{"text":"or","start":7216.348,"end":7216.428},{"text":"another,","start":7216.428,"end":7216.733},{"text":"a","start":7217.392,"end":7217.408},{"text":"feature","start":7217.457,"end":7217.778},{"text":"of","start":7217.778,"end":7217.858},{"text":"the","start":7217.858,"end":7217.939},{"text":"system.","start":7217.939,"end":7218.26}]},{"text":"Its inclusion in 1945 was essential to to securing agreement among the major powers and establishing the current framework.","start":7219.016,"end":7225.754,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"Its","start":7219.016,"end":7219.16},{"text":"inclusion","start":7219.16,"end":7219.691},{"text":"in","start":7219.883,"end":7219.964},{"text":"1945","start":7219.964,"end":7220.992},{"text":"was","start":7220.992,"end":7221.105},{"text":"essential","start":7221.105,"end":7221.523},{"text":"to","start":7221.523,"end":7221.748},{"text":"to","start":7221.73,"end":7221.762},{"text":"securing","start":7221.762,"end":7222.13},{"text":"agreement","start":7222.243,"end":7222.66},{"text":"among","start":7222.66,"end":7222.836},{"text":"the","start":7222.884,"end":7222.964},{"text":"major","start":7222.964,"end":7223.349},{"text":"powers","start":7223.349,"end":7223.734},{"text":"and","start":7224.247,"end":7224.311},{"text":"establishing","start":7224.343,"end":7224.856},{"text":"the","start":7224.888,"end":7225.033},{"text":"current","start":7225.033,"end":7225.289},{"text":"framework.","start":7225.289,"end":7225.754}]},{"text":"However, the world has changed significantly since then.","start":7225.995,"end":7230.052,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":7225.995,"end":7226.46},{"text":"the","start":7227.117,"end":7227.198},{"text":"world","start":7227.198,"end":7227.502},{"text":"has","start":7227.518,"end":7227.663},{"text":"changed","start":7227.759,"end":7228.224},{"text":"significantly","start":7228.577,"end":7229.346},{"text":"since","start":7229.635,"end":7229.94},{"text":"then.","start":7229.94,"end":7230.052}]},{"text":"Expanding the Council does not automatically require replicating the veto.","start":7231.046,"end":7235.408,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"Expanding","start":7231.046,"end":7231.511},{"text":"the","start":7231.527,"end":7231.607},{"text":"Council","start":7231.607,"end":7232.153},{"text":"does","start":7232.425,"end":7232.553},{"text":"not","start":7232.65,"end":7232.842},{"text":"automatically","start":7232.89,"end":7233.516},{"text":"require","start":7233.628,"end":7234.045},{"text":"replicating","start":7234.333,"end":7234.959},{"text":"the","start":7235.071,"end":7235.151},{"text":"veto.","start":7235.167,"end":7235.408}]},{"text":"Reform efforts should avoid leveling down by entrenching mechanisms that have already proven problematic.","start":7236.258,"end":7241.806,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"Reform","start":7236.258,"end":7236.578},{"text":"efforts","start":7236.658,"end":7237.059},{"text":"should","start":7237.059,"end":7237.156},{"text":"avoid","start":7237.156,"end":7237.444},{"text":"leveling","start":7237.476,"end":7237.765},{"text":"down","start":7237.861,"end":7238.07},{"text":"by","start":7238.679,"end":7238.823},{"text":"entrenching","start":7238.839,"end":7239.256},{"text":"mechanisms","start":7239.256,"end":7239.85},{"text":"that","start":7240.186,"end":7240.266},{"text":"have","start":7240.266,"end":7240.427},{"text":"already","start":7240.507,"end":7240.812},{"text":"proven","start":7240.844,"end":7241.132},{"text":"problematic.","start":7241.164,"end":7241.806}]},{"text":"Instead, attention should shift towards limiting the use of the veto, particularly through mechanisms that already exist, but have yet to be fully operationalized, such as the practical implementation of Article 27 of the UN Charter.","start":7242.592,"end":7256.553,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."},{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"Instead,","start":7242.592,"end":7243.217},{"text":"attention","start":7243.57,"end":7244.019},{"text":"should","start":7244.035,"end":7244.227},{"text":"shift","start":7244.291,"end":7244.532},{"text":"towards","start":7244.532,"end":7244.82},{"text":"limiting","start":7244.917,"end":7245.221},{"text":"the","start":7245.478,"end":7245.558},{"text":"use","start":7245.558,"end":7245.751},{"text":"of","start":7245.751,"end":7245.863},{"text":"the","start":7245.895,"end":7245.975},{"text":"veto,","start":7245.975,"end":7246.296},{"text":"particularly","start":7246.761,"end":7247.21},{"text":"through","start":7247.258,"end":7247.418},{"text":"mechanisms","start":7247.418,"end":7248.028},{"text":"that","start":7248.044,"end":7248.204},{"text":"already","start":7248.284,"end":7248.509},{"text":"exist,","start":7248.525,"end":7248.877},{"text":"but","start":7249.182,"end":7249.31},{"text":"have","start":7249.326,"end":7249.486},{"text":"yet","start":7249.486,"end":7249.663},{"text":"to","start":7249.663,"end":7249.791},{"text":"be","start":7249.823,"end":7249.903},{"text":"fully","start":7249.903,"end":7250.191},{"text":"operationalized,","start":7250.624,"end":7251.473},{"text":"such","start":7251.89,"end":7252.082},{"text":"as","start":7252.082,"end":7252.195},{"text":"the","start":7252.227,"end":7252.307},{"text":"practical","start":7252.371,"end":7252.788},{"text":"implementation","start":7252.788,"end":7253.38},{"text":"of","start":7253.412,"end":7253.493},{"text":"Article","start":7253.509,"end":7253.861},{"text":"27","start":7253.909,"end":7254.951},{"text":"of","start":7255.736,"end":7255.848},{"text":"the","start":7255.848,"end":7255.96},{"text":"UN","start":7255.976,"end":7256.201},{"text":"Charter.","start":7256.233,"end":7256.553}]},{"text":"Truth is, we can mitigate some of the most adverse effects of the veto without formal amendments to the Charter.","start":7257.611,"end":7263.925,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Truth","start":7257.611,"end":7257.803},{"text":"is,","start":7257.899,"end":7258.044},{"text":"we","start":7258.316,"end":7258.476},{"text":"can","start":7258.476,"end":7258.749},{"text":"mitigate","start":7258.797,"end":7259.438},{"text":"some","start":7259.438,"end":7259.662},{"text":"of","start":7259.662,"end":7259.726},{"text":"the","start":7259.758,"end":7259.838},{"text":"most","start":7259.838,"end":7260.303},{"text":"adverse","start":7260.383,"end":7260.704},{"text":"effects","start":7260.88,"end":7261.265},{"text":"of","start":7261.281,"end":7261.425},{"text":"the","start":7261.425,"end":7261.505},{"text":"veto","start":7261.505,"end":7261.906},{"text":"without","start":7261.922,"end":7262.306},{"text":"formal","start":7262.306,"end":7262.627},{"text":"amendments","start":7262.643,"end":7263.3},{"text":"to","start":7263.3,"end":7263.428},{"text":"the","start":7263.428,"end":7263.524},{"text":"Charter.","start":7263.524,"end":7263.925}]},{"text":"At the same time, steps that strengthen the role of the non-permanent members deserve support, enhancing their capacity to participate meaningfully in decision-making processes would contribute to a more balanced and inclusive Council.","start":7265.127,"end":7278.029,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. 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Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7355.984,"end":7356.048},{"text":"the","start":7356.048,"end":7356.096},{"text":"face","start":7356.144,"end":7356.449},{"text":"of","start":7356.449,"end":7356.593},{"text":"brutal","start":7356.609,"end":7356.994},{"text":"wars,","start":7357.01,"end":7357.315},{"text":"immense","start":7357.587,"end":7357.924},{"text":"human","start":7357.972,"end":7358.164},{"text":"suffering,","start":7358.164,"end":7358.597},{"text":"and","start":7358.869,"end":7358.998},{"text":"growing","start":7359.03,"end":7359.318},{"text":"humanitarian","start":7359.35,"end":7359.959},{"text":"crises,","start":7360.056,"end":7360.601},{"text":"we","start":7361.194,"end":7361.338},{"text":"cannot","start":7361.338,"end":7361.642},{"text":"afford","start":7361.674,"end":7362.011},{"text":"a","start":7362.011,"end":7362.075},{"text":"council","start":7362.075,"end":7362.732},{"text":"that","start":7362.877,"end":7363.037},{"text":"is","start":7363.037,"end":7363.085},{"text":"paralyzed.","start":7363.197,"end":7363.935}]},{"text":"We need a council that delivers.","start":7364.48,"end":7366.692,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7364.48,"end":7364.576},{"text":"need","start":7364.576,"end":7364.928},{"text":"a","start":7365.025,"end":7365.041},{"text":"council","start":7365.105,"end":7365.778},{"text":"that","start":7366.002,"end":7366.163},{"text":"delivers.","start":7366.243,"end":7366.692}]},{"text":"Too often, the council remains blocked by the exercise of the veto by a permanent member.","start":7367.766,"end":7372.174,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Too","start":7367.766,"end":7367.974},{"text":"often,","start":7367.99,"end":7368.375},{"text":"the","start":7368.551,"end":7368.647},{"text":"council","start":7368.647,"end":7369.048},{"text":"remains","start":7369.048,"end":7369.417},{"text":"blocked","start":7369.513,"end":7369.785},{"text":"by","start":7369.849,"end":7369.945},{"text":"the","start":7369.945,"end":7370.09},{"text":"exercise","start":7370.09,"end":7370.539},{"text":"of","start":7370.587,"end":7370.699},{"text":"the","start":7370.715,"end":7370.811},{"text":"veto","start":7370.811,"end":7371.132},{"text":"by","start":7371.132,"end":7371.308},{"text":"a","start":7371.308,"end":7371.372},{"text":"permanent","start":7371.372,"end":7371.853},{"text":"member.","start":7371.853,"end":7372.174}]},{"text":"This makes it necessary to tackle the effectiveness, effectiveness and efficiency of the council head-on, including through intensified discussions on the question of the veto.","start":7373.376,"end":7383.221,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":7373.376,"end":7373.488},{"text":"makes","start":7373.616,"end":7373.921},{"text":"it","start":7373.921,"end":7374.017},{"text":"necessary","start":7374.017,"end":7374.642},{"text":"to","start":7374.674,"end":7374.818},{"text":"tackle","start":7374.818,"end":7375.107},{"text":"the","start":7375.203,"end":7375.315},{"text":"effectiveness,","start":7375.315,"end":7376.085},{"text":"effectiveness","start":7376.325,"end":7377.014},{"text":"and","start":7377.143,"end":7377.207},{"text":"efficiency","start":7377.303,"end":7377.864},{"text":"of","start":7377.944,"end":7378.024},{"text":"the","start":7378.024,"end":7378.168},{"text":"council","start":7378.168,"end":7378.649},{"text":"head-on,","start":7378.649,"end":7379.194},{"text":"including","start":7379.867,"end":7380.316},{"text":"through","start":7380.429,"end":7380.589},{"text":"intensified","start":7380.589,"end":7381.374},{"text":"discussions","start":7381.374,"end":7381.999},{"text":"on","start":7382.08,"end":7382.128},{"text":"the","start":7382.128,"end":7382.256},{"text":"question","start":7382.256,"end":7382.675},{"text":"of","start":7382.675,"end":7382.819},{"text":"the","start":7382.819,"end":7382.916},{"text":"veto.","start":7382.916,"end":7383.221}]},{"text":"The veto must no longer be a shield for impunity or inaction, and it must be a key consideration of reform.","start":7384.347,"end":7391.6,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7384.347,"end":7384.428},{"text":"veto","start":7384.428,"end":7384.669},{"text":"must","start":7384.669,"end":7384.926},{"text":"no","start":7384.99,"end":7385.151},{"text":"longer","start":7385.151,"end":7385.489},{"text":"be","start":7385.489,"end":7385.602},{"text":"a","start":7385.65,"end":7385.666},{"text":"shield","start":7385.666,"end":7386.132},{"text":"for","start":7386.132,"end":7386.293},{"text":"impunity","start":7386.374,"end":7386.985},{"text":"or","start":7387.403,"end":7387.451},{"text":"inaction,","start":7387.58,"end":7388.191},{"text":"and","start":7388.786,"end":7388.85},{"text":"it","start":7388.882,"end":7389.027},{"text":"must","start":7389.027,"end":7389.333},{"text":"be","start":7389.333,"end":7389.445},{"text":"a","start":7389.445,"end":7389.51},{"text":"key","start":7389.51,"end":7389.912},{"text":"consideration","start":7389.912,"end":7390.845},{"text":"of","start":7391.038,"end":7391.102},{"text":"reform.","start":7391.198,"end":7391.6}]},{"text":"The Pact for the Future gives us a political mandate to continue discussions on its limitations, and we must not lose this momentum.","start":7392.916,"end":7401.217,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7392.916,"end":7393.013},{"text":"Pact","start":7393.013,"end":7393.288},{"text":"for","start":7393.32,"end":7393.433},{"text":"the","start":7393.433,"end":7393.562},{"text":"Future","start":7393.562,"end":7394.063},{"text":"gives","start":7394.063,"end":7394.321},{"text":"us","start":7394.37,"end":7394.434},{"text":"a","start":7394.531,"end":7394.612},{"text":"political","start":7394.612,"end":7395.096},{"text":"mandate","start":7395.113,"end":7395.629},{"text":"to","start":7395.758,"end":7395.888},{"text":"continue","start":7395.904,"end":7396.324},{"text":"discussions","start":7396.324,"end":7396.937},{"text":"on","start":7397.212,"end":7397.309},{"text":"its","start":7397.309,"end":7397.406},{"text":"limitations,","start":7397.454,"end":7398.148},{"text":"and","start":7398.988,"end":7399.053},{"text":"we","start":7399.133,"end":7399.166},{"text":"must","start":7399.166,"end":7399.505},{"text":"not","start":7399.618,"end":7399.86},{"text":"lose","start":7399.86,"end":7400.086},{"text":"this","start":7400.458,"end":7400.571},{"text":"momentum.","start":7400.684,"end":7401.217}]},{"text":"Austria fully supports discussions on possible limitations of the veto.","start":7402.78,"end":7406.144,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Austria","start":7402.78,"end":7402.975},{"text":"fully","start":7402.975,"end":7403.202},{"text":"supports","start":7403.218,"end":7403.673},{"text":"discussions","start":7403.706,"end":7404.34},{"text":"on","start":7404.356,"end":7404.437},{"text":"possible","start":7404.437,"end":7404.909},{"text":"limitations","start":7404.909,"end":7405.559},{"text":"of","start":7405.575,"end":7405.673},{"text":"the","start":7405.673,"end":7405.819},{"text":"veto.","start":7405.819,"end":7406.144}]},{"text":"Many good suggestions have been made in the past.","start":7406.94,"end":7409.118,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Many","start":7406.94,"end":7407.135},{"text":"good","start":7407.2,"end":7407.379},{"text":"suggestions","start":7407.428,"end":7408.029},{"text":"have","start":7408.094,"end":7408.224},{"text":"been","start":7408.322,"end":7408.387},{"text":"made","start":7408.419,"end":7408.663},{"text":"in","start":7408.663,"end":7408.712},{"text":"the","start":7408.744,"end":7408.891},{"text":"past.","start":7408.891,"end":7409.118}]},{"text":"Such as introducing an override mechanism in the General Assembly, introducing the requirement for 2 or 3 countries to exercise the veto for it to count, or limiting the scope of the veto by restricting its applicability in cases of mass atrocities such as genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes.","start":7409.93,"end":7430.6,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."},{"key":"general-assembly-role","label":"Stronger General Assembly Role","description":"Several delegations urged a more active role for the General Assembly when the Security Council is blocked by a veto. 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Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":7439.8,"end":7439.88},{"text":"we","start":7439.912,"end":7440.057},{"text":"pursue","start":7440.057,"end":7440.458},{"text":"our","start":7440.474,"end":7440.715},{"text":"efforts","start":7440.779,"end":7441.197},{"text":"for","start":7441.197,"end":7441.422},{"text":"reform","start":7441.422,"end":7441.776},{"text":"of","start":7441.84,"end":7441.936},{"text":"the","start":7441.936,"end":7442.065},{"text":"Security","start":7442.065,"end":7442.547},{"text":"Council","start":7442.547,"end":7443.045},{"text":"by","start":7443.045,"end":7443.125},{"text":"reviewing","start":7443.189,"end":7443.655},{"text":"the","start":7443.832,"end":7443.928},{"text":"UN","start":7443.928,"end":7444.137},{"text":"Charter,","start":7444.233,"end":7444.699},{"text":"we","start":7445.438,"end":7445.535},{"text":"must","start":7445.535,"end":7445.872},{"text":"not","start":7445.872,"end":7446.161},{"text":"lose","start":7446.161,"end":7446.258},{"text":"sight","start":7446.258,"end":7446.659},{"text":"of","start":7446.659,"end":7446.756},{"text":"the","start":7446.756,"end":7446.884},{"text":"possibilities","start":7446.884,"end":7447.591},{"text":"for","start":7447.687,"end":7447.8},{"text":"change","start":7447.848,"end":7448.185},{"text":"also","start":7448.41,"end":7448.587},{"text":"within","start":7448.587,"end":7448.86},{"text":"the","start":7448.908,"end":7449.053},{"text":"remits","start":7449.053,"end":7449.471},{"text":"of","start":7449.535,"end":7449.599},{"text":"the","start":7449.68,"end":7449.712},{"text":"current","start":7449.712,"end":7450.018},{"text":"Charter,","start":7450.018,"end":7450.405},{"text":"such","start":7451.018,"end":7451.276},{"text":"as","start":7451.469,"end":7451.534},{"text":"the","start":7451.711,"end":7451.872},{"text":"ACT","start":7451.953,"end":7452.195},{"text":"Code","start":7452.195,"end":7452.388},{"text":"of","start":7452.388,"end":7452.469},{"text":"Conduct","start":7452.534,"end":7453.195},{"text":"and","start":7453.259,"end":7453.324},{"text":"the","start":7453.42,"end":7453.501},{"text":"French-Mexican","start":7453.501,"end":7454.307},{"text":"initiative,","start":7454.372,"end":7454.872},{"text":"which","start":7455.436,"end":7455.565},{"text":"Austria","start":7455.742,"end":7456.242},{"text":"continues","start":7456.242,"end":7456.855},{"text":"to","start":7456.887,"end":7457.113},{"text":"support.","start":7457.113,"end":7457.516}]},{"text":"Additionally, the veto has never been absolute.","start":7459.966,"end":7461.975,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Additionally,","start":7459.966,"end":7460.287},{"text":"the","start":7460.473,"end":7460.557},{"text":"veto","start":7460.574,"end":7460.827},{"text":"has","start":7460.895,"end":7461.047},{"text":"never","start":7461.08,"end":7461.401},{"text":"been","start":7461.401,"end":7461.469},{"text":"absolute.","start":7461.654,"end":7461.975}]},{"text":"The UN Charter foresees a clear limitation for a party to a dispute in Article 27.","start":7462.866,"end":7467.93,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7462.866,"end":7463.011},{"text":"UN","start":7463.027,"end":7463.171},{"text":"Charter","start":7463.267,"end":7463.668},{"text":"foresees","start":7463.668,"end":7464.052},{"text":"a","start":7464.148,"end":7464.164},{"text":"clear","start":7464.228,"end":7464.501},{"text":"limitation","start":7464.501,"end":7465.142},{"text":"for","start":7465.19,"end":7465.35},{"text":"a","start":7465.35,"end":7465.43},{"text":"party","start":7465.43,"end":7465.687},{"text":"to","start":7465.767,"end":7465.911},{"text":"a","start":7465.911,"end":7465.927},{"text":"dispute","start":7465.927,"end":7466.568},{"text":"in","start":7466.568,"end":7466.696},{"text":"Article","start":7466.728,"end":7467.081},{"text":"27.","start":7467.129,"end":7467.93}]},{"text":"It sets out an obligatory abstention for a party to a dispute for resolutions tabled in the Security Council under Chapter 6 of the Charter.","start":7468.891,"end":7477.303,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. 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the veto power is a unique component of the institutional setup of the United Nations.","start":7575.79,"end":7580.947,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":7575.79,"end":7575.951},{"text":"the","start":7575.983,"end":7576.08},{"text":"veto","start":7576.08,"end":7576.45},{"text":"power","start":7576.45,"end":7576.789},{"text":"is","start":7576.885,"end":7576.998},{"text":"a","start":7577.031,"end":7577.111},{"text":"unique","start":7577.111,"end":7577.579},{"text":"component","start":7577.659,"end":7578.239},{"text":"of","start":7578.562,"end":7578.658},{"text":"the","start":7578.707,"end":7578.787},{"text":"institutional","start":7578.868,"end":7579.448},{"text":"setup","start":7579.448,"end":7579.722},{"text":"of","start":7579.932,"end":7580.045},{"text":"the","start":7580.093,"end":7580.157},{"text":"United","start":7580.157,"end":7580.544},{"text":"Nations.","start":7580.576,"end":7580.947}]},{"text":"It was born of lessons learned and experiences recorded in blood.","start":7581.382,"end":7584.976,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":7581.382,"end":7581.447},{"text":"was","start":7581.447,"end":7581.592},{"text":"born","start":7581.705,"end":7581.979},{"text":"of","start":7582.091,"end":7582.14},{"text":"lessons","start":7582.253,"end":7582.527},{"text":"learned","start":7582.591,"end":7582.962},{"text":"and","start":7583.075,"end":7583.139},{"text":"experiences","start":7583.316,"end":7583.977},{"text":"recorded","start":7584.026,"end":7584.493},{"text":"in","start":7584.59,"end":7584.654},{"text":"blood.","start":7584.751,"end":7584.976}]},{"text":"In granting the veto power, the UN Charter recognizes the extraordinary contribution and sacrifices made by the 5 permanent members in achieving the victory of the world anti-fascist war.","start":7585.55,"end":7596.238,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7585.55,"end":7585.63},{"text":"granting","start":7585.646,"end":7586.032},{"text":"the","start":7586.064,"end":7586.208},{"text":"veto","start":7586.208,"end":7586.53},{"text":"power,","start":7586.53,"end":7586.932},{"text":"the","start":7587.108,"end":7587.269},{"text":"UN","start":7587.269,"end":7587.558},{"text":"Charter","start":7587.735,"end":7588.233},{"text":"recognizes","start":7588.233,"end":7588.924},{"text":"the","start":7589.021,"end":7589.182},{"text":"extraordinary","start":7589.182,"end":7589.841},{"text":"contribution","start":7589.841,"end":7590.435},{"text":"and","start":7590.483,"end":7590.564},{"text":"sacrifices","start":7590.58,"end":7591.255},{"text":"made","start":7591.351,"end":7591.576},{"text":"by","start":7591.624,"end":7591.801},{"text":"the","start":7591.849,"end":7591.994},{"text":"5","start":7591.994,"end":7592.139},{"text":"permanent","start":7592.251,"end":7592.637},{"text":"members","start":7592.637,"end":7592.942},{"text":"in","start":7593.376,"end":7593.457},{"text":"achieving","start":7593.457,"end":7593.858},{"text":"the","start":7593.858,"end":7593.939},{"text":"victory","start":7593.939,"end":7594.389},{"text":"of","start":7594.405,"end":7594.55},{"text":"the","start":7594.55,"end":7594.651},{"text":"world","start":7594.651,"end":7594.971},{"text":"anti-fascist","start":7595.089,"end":7597.668},{"text":"war.","start":7595.966,"end":7596.238}]},{"text":"It was informed by lessons drawn from the failure of the League of Nations and was the result of thorough and thoughtful reflections.","start":7597.36,"end":7605.532,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":7597.36,"end":7597.504},{"text":"was","start":7597.504,"end":7597.632},{"text":"informed","start":7597.888,"end":7598.433},{"text":"by","start":7598.545,"end":7598.77},{"text":"lessons","start":7598.77,"end":7599.202},{"text":"drawn","start":7599.267,"end":7599.555},{"text":"from","start":7599.651,"end":7599.827},{"text":"the","start":7599.827,"end":7599.908},{"text":"failure","start":7599.908,"end":7600.26},{"text":"of","start":7600.292,"end":7600.356},{"text":"the","start":7600.388,"end":7600.468},{"text":"League","start":7600.468,"end":7600.725},{"text":"of","start":7600.725,"end":7600.853},{"text":"Nations","start":7600.869,"end":7601.318},{"text":"and","start":7602.055,"end":7602.279},{"text":"was","start":7602.455,"end":7602.6},{"text":"the","start":7602.696,"end":7602.792},{"text":"result","start":7602.792,"end":7603.337},{"text":"of","start":7603.417,"end":7603.465},{"text":"thorough","start":7603.593,"end":7603.978},{"text":"and","start":7604.138,"end":7604.314},{"text":"thoughtful","start":7604.394,"end":7604.875},{"text":"reflections.","start":7604.875,"end":7605.532}]},{"text":"The veto always acts as the safety valve and cornerstone for the UN's collective security mechanism.","start":7606.221,"end":7613.016,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7606.221,"end":7606.317},{"text":"veto","start":7606.317,"end":7606.638},{"text":"always","start":7606.942,"end":7607.247},{"text":"acts","start":7607.423,"end":7607.84},{"text":"as","start":7607.984,"end":7608.048},{"text":"the","start":7608.16,"end":7608.192},{"text":"safety","start":7608.24,"end":7608.769},{"text":"valve","start":7608.785,"end":7609.17},{"text":"and","start":7609.907,"end":7610.099},{"text":"cornerstone","start":7610.163,"end":7610.852},{"text":"for","start":7610.884,"end":7611.029},{"text":"the","start":7611.045,"end":7611.109},{"text":"UN's","start":7611.189,"end":7611.622},{"text":"collective","start":7611.686,"end":7612.07},{"text":"security","start":7612.07,"end":7612.503},{"text":"mechanism.","start":7612.503,"end":7613.016}]},{"text":"In essence, it encourages major powers to communicate and coordinate with one another to build consensus, maintain international peace and security, and safeguard international fairness and justice.","start":7613.529,"end":7624.169,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7613.529,"end":7613.673},{"text":"essence,","start":7613.673,"end":7614.009},{"text":"it","start":7614.105,"end":7614.234},{"text":"encourages","start":7614.234,"end":7614.698},{"text":"major","start":7614.794,"end":7615.067},{"text":"powers","start":7615.067,"end":7615.419},{"text":"to","start":7615.451,"end":7615.676},{"text":"communicate","start":7615.916,"end":7616.557},{"text":"and","start":7616.637,"end":7616.798},{"text":"coordinate","start":7616.798,"end":7617.294},{"text":"with","start":7617.294,"end":7617.439},{"text":"one","start":7617.455,"end":7617.583},{"text":"another","start":7617.615,"end":7617.935},{"text":"to","start":7617.935,"end":7618.144},{"text":"build","start":7618.176,"end":7618.48},{"text":"consensus,","start":7618.496,"end":7619.105},{"text":"maintain","start":7619.938,"end":7620.307},{"text":"international","start":7620.339,"end":7620.82},{"text":"peace","start":7620.82,"end":7621.06},{"text":"and","start":7621.06,"end":7621.124},{"text":"security,","start":7621.124,"end":7621.749},{"text":"and","start":7622.022,"end":7622.086},{"text":"safeguard","start":7622.102,"end":7622.631},{"text":"international","start":7622.647,"end":7623.144},{"text":"fairness","start":7623.144,"end":7623.544},{"text":"and","start":7623.544,"end":7623.688},{"text":"justice.","start":7623.688,"end":7624.169}]},{"text":"It must be pointed out that the reform should ultimately serve to preserve the outcomes of the victory of the Second World War and the postwar international order.","start":7624.49,"end":7632.84,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":7624.49,"end":7624.522},{"text":"must","start":7624.522,"end":7624.826},{"text":"be","start":7624.826,"end":7624.907},{"text":"pointed","start":7624.907,"end":7625.259},{"text":"out","start":7625.371,"end":7625.564},{"text":"that","start":7625.868,"end":7625.98},{"text":"the","start":7626.189,"end":7626.333},{"text":"reform","start":7626.333,"end":7626.718},{"text":"should","start":7626.83,"end":7627.038},{"text":"ultimately","start":7627.134,"end":7627.631},{"text":"serve","start":7627.631,"end":7627.92},{"text":"to","start":7627.952,"end":7628.08},{"text":"preserve","start":7628.096,"end":7628.481},{"text":"the","start":7628.513,"end":7628.641},{"text":"outcomes","start":7628.737,"end":7629.122},{"text":"of","start":7629.17,"end":7629.282},{"text":"the","start":7629.298,"end":7629.378},{"text":"victory","start":7629.394,"end":7629.763},{"text":"of","start":7629.939,"end":7630.052},{"text":"the","start":7630.052,"end":7630.132},{"text":"Second","start":7630.132,"end":7630.484},{"text":"World","start":7630.516,"end":7630.725},{"text":"War","start":7630.821,"end":7631.093},{"text":"and","start":7631.238,"end":7631.302},{"text":"the","start":7631.318,"end":7631.398},{"text":"postwar","start":7631.398,"end":7631.879},{"text":"international","start":7631.879,"end":7632.408},{"text":"order.","start":7632.504,"end":7632.84}]},{"text":"There should be no room for doubt in this respect.","start":7633.081,"end":7635.886,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":7633.081,"end":7633.161},{"text":"should","start":7633.161,"end":7633.289},{"text":"be","start":7633.321,"end":7633.417},{"text":"no","start":7633.417,"end":7633.786},{"text":"room","start":7633.802,"end":7634.058},{"text":"for","start":7634.347,"end":7634.587},{"text":"doubt","start":7634.603,"end":7634.988},{"text":"in","start":7635.068,"end":7635.1},{"text":"this","start":7635.1,"end":7635.325},{"text":"respect.","start":7635.325,"end":7635.886}]},{"text":"Second, the existence of the veto has significant influence on the Security Council to keep in check its impulse to rashly authorize the use of force and instead to strive to create space for diplomacy and mediation.","start":7636.687,"end":7650.519,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":7636.687,"end":7637.136},{"text":"the","start":7637.408,"end":7637.488},{"text":"existence","start":7637.569,"end":7638.065},{"text":"of","start":7638.065,"end":7638.162},{"text":"the","start":7638.194,"end":7638.274},{"text":"veto","start":7638.29,"end":7638.674},{"text":"has","start":7638.995,"end":7639.139},{"text":"significant","start":7639.316,"end":7639.957},{"text":"influence","start":7640.037,"end":7640.422},{"text":"on","start":7640.534,"end":7640.63},{"text":"the","start":7640.63,"end":7640.694},{"text":"Security","start":7640.694,"end":7641.095},{"text":"Council","start":7641.095,"end":7641.592},{"text":"to","start":7641.8,"end":7641.896},{"text":"keep","start":7641.896,"end":7642.072},{"text":"in","start":7642.201,"end":7642.265},{"text":"check","start":7642.361,"end":7642.633},{"text":"its","start":7642.778,"end":7642.89},{"text":"impulse","start":7643.002,"end":7643.499},{"text":"to","start":7643.723,"end":7643.819},{"text":"rashly","start":7643.884,"end":7644.348},{"text":"authorize","start":7644.445,"end":7644.829},{"text":"the","start":7644.861,"end":7644.941},{"text":"use","start":7645.006,"end":7645.182},{"text":"of","start":7645.182,"end":7645.262},{"text":"force","start":7645.262,"end":7645.631},{"text":"and","start":7646.368,"end":7646.624},{"text":"instead","start":7646.624,"end":7647.105},{"text":"to","start":7647.346,"end":7647.442},{"text":"strive","start":7647.49,"end":7647.874},{"text":"to","start":7647.907,"end":7647.987},{"text":"create","start":7647.987,"end":7648.387},{"text":"space","start":7648.387,"end":7648.756},{"text":"for","start":7648.932,"end":7649.045},{"text":"diplomacy","start":7649.125,"end":7649.718},{"text":"and","start":7649.83,"end":7649.958},{"text":"mediation.","start":7649.99,"end":7650.519}]},{"text":"Hasty actions by the Council could aggravate tensions, lead to the escalation of conflicts, or even plunge the states concerned into chaos.","start":7650.936,"end":7659.591,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Hasty","start":7650.936,"end":7651.273},{"text":"actions","start":7651.418,"end":7651.723},{"text":"by","start":7651.819,"end":7651.996},{"text":"the","start":7651.996,"end":7652.076},{"text":"Council","start":7652.076,"end":7652.622},{"text":"could","start":7652.863,"end":7653.136},{"text":"aggravate","start":7653.264,"end":7653.81},{"text":"tensions,","start":7653.842,"end":7654.372},{"text":"lead","start":7654.79,"end":7655.015},{"text":"to","start":7655.127,"end":7655.223},{"text":"the","start":7655.223,"end":7655.336},{"text":"escalation","start":7655.352,"end":7655.866},{"text":"of","start":7655.866,"end":7655.978},{"text":"conflicts,","start":7656.01,"end":7656.684},{"text":"or","start":7656.957,"end":7657.006},{"text":"even","start":7657.118,"end":7657.375},{"text":"plunge","start":7657.375,"end":7657.744},{"text":"the","start":7657.776,"end":7657.857},{"text":"states","start":7657.857,"end":7658.242},{"text":"concerned","start":7658.242,"end":7658.788},{"text":"into","start":7658.9,"end":7659.157},{"text":"chaos.","start":7659.221,"end":7659.591}]},{"text":"Here, one would do well to think long and hard about relevant lessons from the past.","start":7660.731,"end":7665.323,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Here,","start":7660.731,"end":7661.084},{"text":"one","start":7661.453,"end":7661.582},{"text":"would","start":7661.63,"end":7661.839},{"text":"do","start":7661.855,"end":7661.967},{"text":"well","start":7662.095,"end":7662.224},{"text":"to","start":7662.417,"end":7662.577},{"text":"think","start":7662.577,"end":7662.754},{"text":"long","start":7662.818,"end":7662.963},{"text":"and","start":7663.059,"end":7663.155},{"text":"hard","start":7663.155,"end":7663.541},{"text":"about","start":7663.557,"end":7663.814},{"text":"relevant","start":7663.862,"end":7664.199},{"text":"lessons","start":7664.199,"end":7664.568},{"text":"from","start":7664.584,"end":7664.761},{"text":"the","start":7664.777,"end":7664.905},{"text":"past.","start":7664.905,"end":7665.323}]},{"text":"Third, the veto is not a privilege, but a special responsibility conferred by the UN Charter, a responsibility that comes with high expectations.","start":7665.708,"end":7676.209,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":7665.708,"end":7666.094},{"text":"the","start":7666.367,"end":7666.463},{"text":"veto","start":7666.463,"end":7666.848},{"text":"is","start":7667.153,"end":7667.218},{"text":"not","start":7667.346,"end":7667.603},{"text":"a","start":7667.956,"end":7668.052},{"text":"privilege,","start":7668.052,"end":7668.502},{"text":"but","start":7669.16,"end":7669.273},{"text":"a","start":7669.273,"end":7669.321},{"text":"special","start":7669.321,"end":7669.867},{"text":"responsibility","start":7669.899,"end":7670.75},{"text":"conferred","start":7670.782,"end":7671.44},{"text":"by","start":7671.665,"end":7671.778},{"text":"the","start":7671.906,"end":7672.179},{"text":"UN","start":7672.211,"end":7672.436},{"text":"Charter,","start":7672.532,"end":7672.934},{"text":"a","start":7673.753,"end":7673.801},{"text":"responsibility","start":7673.833,"end":7674.62},{"text":"that","start":7674.62,"end":7674.716},{"text":"comes","start":7674.716,"end":7675.005},{"text":"with","start":7675.021,"end":7675.133},{"text":"high","start":7675.182,"end":7675.294},{"text":"expectations.","start":7675.519,"end":7676.209}]},{"text":"The permanent members should take the lead in discharging their duties under the Charter and exercise their veto power in a cautious and responsible manner.","start":7676.803,"end":7685.549,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7676.803,"end":7676.883},{"text":"permanent","start":7676.883,"end":7677.188},{"text":"members","start":7677.188,"end":7677.573},{"text":"should","start":7677.846,"end":7678.039},{"text":"take","start":7678.151,"end":7678.327},{"text":"the","start":7678.327,"end":7678.424},{"text":"lead","start":7678.472,"end":7678.809},{"text":"in","start":7679.034,"end":7679.082},{"text":"discharging","start":7679.13,"end":7679.74},{"text":"their","start":7679.772,"end":7679.996},{"text":"duties","start":7679.996,"end":7680.462},{"text":"under","start":7680.638,"end":7680.879},{"text":"the","start":7680.879,"end":7680.975},{"text":"Charter","start":7680.975,"end":7681.473},{"text":"and","start":7681.922,"end":7682.066},{"text":"exercise","start":7682.179,"end":7682.708},{"text":"their","start":7682.74,"end":7682.901},{"text":"veto","start":7682.901,"end":7683.238},{"text":"power","start":7683.238,"end":7683.687},{"text":"in","start":7683.767,"end":7683.816},{"text":"a","start":7683.864,"end":7683.944},{"text":"cautious","start":7683.944,"end":7684.489},{"text":"and","start":7684.506,"end":7684.666},{"text":"responsible","start":7684.666,"end":7685.228},{"text":"manner.","start":7685.228,"end":7685.549}]},{"text":"The key here lies in adopting an objective and impartial position and standing on the side of international justice.","start":7686.094,"end":7692.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7686.094,"end":7686.19},{"text":"key","start":7686.19,"end":7686.431},{"text":"here","start":7686.431,"end":7686.608},{"text":"lies","start":7686.993,"end":7687.314},{"text":"in","start":7687.314,"end":7687.442},{"text":"adopting","start":7687.474,"end":7687.924},{"text":"an","start":7688.18,"end":7688.228},{"text":"objective","start":7688.261,"end":7688.854},{"text":"and","start":7688.854,"end":7688.967},{"text":"impartial","start":7688.983,"end":7689.48},{"text":"position","start":7689.48,"end":7689.913},{"text":"and","start":7690.266,"end":7690.347},{"text":"standing","start":7690.363,"end":7690.812},{"text":"on","start":7690.988,"end":7691.021},{"text":"the","start":7691.021,"end":7691.085},{"text":"side","start":7691.085,"end":7691.47},{"text":"of","start":7691.47,"end":7691.55},{"text":"international","start":7691.55,"end":7692.192},{"text":"justice.","start":7692.208,"end":7692.77}]},{"text":"While we oppose the reckless abuse of the veto, we do not go along with the blanket negation of the veto without any regard to merits Where peace and security are at stake, China's position has always been objective and impartial, reflecting our commitment to safeguard the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states, uphold the basic norms governing international relations, and defend the legitimate and lawful rights and interests of developing countries.","start":7693.476,"end":7724.37,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. 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Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7811.386,"end":7811.434},{"text":"terms","start":7811.466,"end":7811.691},{"text":"of","start":7811.691,"end":7811.771},{"text":"your","start":7811.771,"end":7811.868},{"text":"guiding","start":7811.868,"end":7812.157},{"text":"questions,","start":7812.173,"end":7812.639},{"text":"And","start":7813.217,"end":7813.49},{"text":"the","start":7813.635,"end":7813.715},{"text":"first","start":7813.715,"end":7813.956},{"text":"question","start":7813.956,"end":7814.261},{"text":"regarding","start":7814.261,"end":7814.663},{"text":"the","start":7814.679,"end":7814.76},{"text":"proposed","start":7814.824,"end":7815.226},{"text":"two-tiered","start":7815.226,"end":7815.692},{"text":"permanent","start":7815.884,"end":7816.286},{"text":"membership.","start":7816.286,"end":7816.688}]},{"text":"South Africa is of the view that the proposal for a two-tiered permanent membership cannot be considered at this stage, as there is no consensus on the proposed third category of permanent membership without veto rights.","start":7817.009,"end":7830.25,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. 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They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."},{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"Will","start":7839.264,"end":7839.392},{"text":"only","start":7839.649,"end":7839.841},{"text":"serve","start":7839.841,"end":7840.275},{"text":"to","start":7840.307,"end":7840.387},{"text":"perpetuate","start":7840.387,"end":7841.254},{"text":"an","start":7841.334,"end":7841.478},{"text":"inequitable","start":7841.751,"end":7842.457},{"text":"status","start":7842.489,"end":7842.971},{"text":"quo","start":7843.019,"end":7843.26},{"text":"and","start":7844.142,"end":7844.287},{"text":"undermine","start":7844.383,"end":7844.768},{"text":"the","start":7844.8,"end":7844.881},{"text":"principle","start":7844.945,"end":7845.426},{"text":"of","start":7845.988,"end":7846.084},{"text":"a","start":7846.084,"end":7846.148},{"text":"democratic","start":7846.148,"end":7846.822},{"text":"Security","start":7846.822,"end":7847.336},{"text":"Council","start":7847.368,"end":7847.946},{"text":"that","start":7848.251,"end":7848.492},{"text":"should","start":7848.492,"end":7848.78},{"text":"underpin","start":7848.957,"end":7849.342},{"text":"its","start":7849.615,"end":7849.84},{"text":"reform.","start":7849.84,"end":7850.145}]},{"text":"South Africa, in accordance with a common African position, reiterates the need to enlarge the Security Council in both the permanent and non-permanent categories and accord the new permanent members the same prerogatives and privileges as the current permanent members, including the right of veto, for the Council to be more representative of the current UN membership and reflective of the realities and the contemporary world.","start":7851.637,"end":7880.062,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."},{"key":"african-representation","label":"African Permanent Representation","description":"African states and their supporters emphasized that Africa remains excluded from permanent membership and veto power despite being central to much of the Council's agenda. They framed this as a historical injustice and called for permanent African seats with full prerogatives if the veto remains."},{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"South","start":7851.637,"end":7851.83},{"text":"Africa,","start":7851.846,"end":7852.343},{"text":"in","start":7852.504,"end":7852.552},{"text":"accordance","start":7852.6,"end":7853.146},{"text":"with","start":7853.146,"end":7853.29},{"text":"a","start":7853.29,"end":7853.37},{"text":"common","start":7853.37,"end":7853.595},{"text":"African","start":7853.772,"end":7854.092},{"text":"position,","start":7854.253,"end":7854.638},{"text":"reiterates","start":7855.312,"end":7855.97},{"text":"the","start":7856.275,"end":7856.371},{"text":"need","start":7856.371,"end":7856.724},{"text":"to","start":7856.757,"end":7856.837},{"text":"enlarge","start":7856.837,"end":7857.366},{"text":"the","start":7857.398,"end":7857.463},{"text":"Security","start":7857.463,"end":7857.768},{"text":"Council","start":7857.8,"end":7858.329},{"text":"in","start":7858.843,"end":7858.891},{"text":"both","start":7859.003,"end":7859.292},{"text":"the","start":7859.405,"end":7859.549},{"text":"permanent","start":7859.549,"end":7860.095},{"text":"and","start":7860.672,"end":7860.897},{"text":"non-permanent","start":7860.993,"end":7861.732},{"text":"categories","start":7861.732,"end":7862.181},{"text":"and","start":7862.919,"end":7863.144},{"text":"accord","start":7863.176,"end":7863.625},{"text":"the","start":7863.722,"end":7863.77},{"text":"new","start":7863.77,"end":7863.994},{"text":"permanent","start":7864.219,"end":7864.685},{"text":"members","start":7864.685,"end":7864.99},{"text":"the","start":7865.247,"end":7865.327},{"text":"same","start":7865.327,"end":7865.632},{"text":"prerogatives","start":7865.745,"end":7866.355},{"text":"and","start":7866.934,"end":7867.078},{"text":"privileges","start":7867.111,"end":7867.641},{"text":"as","start":7868.3,"end":7868.364},{"text":"the","start":7868.396,"end":7868.476},{"text":"current","start":7868.476,"end":7868.782},{"text":"permanent","start":7868.782,"end":7869.135},{"text":"members,","start":7869.183,"end":7869.489},{"text":"including","start":7870.148,"end":7870.533},{"text":"the","start":7870.63,"end":7870.726},{"text":"right","start":7870.726,"end":7871.112},{"text":"of","start":7871.192,"end":7871.24},{"text":"veto,","start":7871.288,"end":7871.674},{"text":"for","start":7872.478,"end":7872.59},{"text":"the","start":7872.59,"end":7872.735},{"text":"Council","start":7872.735,"end":7873.201},{"text":"to","start":7873.201,"end":7873.265},{"text":"be","start":7873.297,"end":7873.393},{"text":"more","start":7873.393,"end":7873.651},{"text":"representative","start":7873.699,"end":7874.486},{"text":"of","start":7874.968,"end":7875.113},{"text":"the","start":7875.145,"end":7875.306},{"text":"current","start":7875.306,"end":7875.675},{"text":"UN","start":7875.691,"end":7875.836},{"text":"membership","start":7875.932,"end":7876.43},{"text":"and","start":7876.752,"end":7876.816},{"text":"reflective","start":7876.913,"end":7877.443},{"text":"of","start":7877.877,"end":7877.973},{"text":"the","start":7878.021,"end":7878.102},{"text":"realities","start":7878.102,"end":7878.648},{"text":"and","start":7879.066,"end":7879.13},{"text":"the","start":7879.146,"end":7879.242},{"text":"contemporary","start":7879.242,"end":7879.773},{"text":"world.","start":7879.885,"end":7880.062}]},{"text":"On your second question, on conditions, if any, that should govern a proposed extension of the full veto rights, South Africa supports calls for the abolishment of the veto in principle.","start":7881.09,"end":7891.341,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":7881.09,"end":7881.139},{"text":"your","start":7881.155,"end":7881.251},{"text":"second","start":7881.251,"end":7881.637},{"text":"question,","start":7881.637,"end":7882.006},{"text":"on","start":7882.199,"end":7882.263},{"text":"conditions,","start":7882.296,"end":7882.826},{"text":"if","start":7882.922,"end":7882.97},{"text":"any,","start":7883.163,"end":7883.324},{"text":"that","start":7883.34,"end":7883.565},{"text":"should","start":7883.565,"end":7883.87},{"text":"govern","start":7883.967,"end":7884.192},{"text":"a","start":7884.465,"end":7884.481},{"text":"proposed","start":7884.529,"end":7884.963},{"text":"extension","start":7884.963,"end":7885.429},{"text":"of","start":7885.429,"end":7885.493},{"text":"the","start":7885.493,"end":7885.574},{"text":"full","start":7885.574,"end":7885.75},{"text":"veto","start":7885.75,"end":7886.007},{"text":"rights,","start":7886.056,"end":7886.281},{"text":"South","start":7886.731,"end":7886.875},{"text":"Africa","start":7886.939,"end":7887.148},{"text":"supports","start":7887.18,"end":7887.695},{"text":"calls","start":7888,"end":7888.37},{"text":"for","start":7888.787,"end":7888.98},{"text":"the","start":7888.98,"end":7889.125},{"text":"abolishment","start":7889.125,"end":7889.896},{"text":"of","start":7890.073,"end":7890.169},{"text":"the","start":7890.169,"end":7890.25},{"text":"veto","start":7890.25,"end":7890.635},{"text":"in","start":7890.812,"end":7890.956},{"text":"principle.","start":7890.956,"end":7891.341}]},{"text":"However, so long as it exists, and as a matter of common justice, it should be made available to all permanent members of an enlarged and reformed Security Council.","start":7892.497,"end":7904.164,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":7892.497,"end":7892.882},{"text":"so","start":7893.54,"end":7893.749},{"text":"long","start":7893.765,"end":7893.909},{"text":"as","start":7893.941,"end":7894.07},{"text":"it","start":7894.102,"end":7894.166},{"text":"exists,","start":7894.166,"end":7894.712},{"text":"and","start":7895.53,"end":7895.835},{"text":"as","start":7896.092,"end":7896.156},{"text":"a","start":7896.204,"end":7896.22},{"text":"matter","start":7896.252,"end":7896.653},{"text":"of","start":7896.734,"end":7896.798},{"text":"common","start":7896.91,"end":7897.167},{"text":"justice,","start":7897.295,"end":7897.873},{"text":"it","start":7898.354,"end":7898.435},{"text":"should","start":7898.435,"end":7898.724},{"text":"be","start":7898.756,"end":7898.836},{"text":"made","start":7898.836,"end":7899.205},{"text":"available","start":7899.237,"end":7899.847},{"text":"to","start":7899.863,"end":7900.007},{"text":"all","start":7900.184,"end":7900.232},{"text":"permanent","start":7900.361,"end":7900.842},{"text":"members","start":7900.842,"end":7901.131},{"text":"of","start":7901.628,"end":7901.725},{"text":"an","start":7901.725,"end":7901.773},{"text":"enlarged","start":7901.821,"end":7902.575},{"text":"and","start":7902.752,"end":7902.848},{"text":"reformed","start":7902.864,"end":7903.329},{"text":"Security","start":7903.329,"end":7903.795},{"text":"Council.","start":7903.795,"end":7904.164}]},{"text":"This is consistent with a common African position and based on respect for the sovereign equality of all member states.","start":7905.496,"end":7913.023,"topics":[{"key":"african-representation","label":"African Permanent Representation","description":"African states and their supporters emphasized that Africa remains excluded from permanent membership and veto power despite being central to much of the Council's agenda. They framed this as a historical injustice and called for permanent African seats with full prerogatives if the veto remains."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":7905.496,"end":7905.656},{"text":"is","start":7905.656,"end":7905.705},{"text":"consistent","start":7905.801,"end":7906.555},{"text":"with","start":7906.603,"end":7906.716},{"text":"a","start":7906.716,"end":7906.844},{"text":"common","start":7906.844,"end":7907.101},{"text":"African","start":7907.101,"end":7907.39},{"text":"position","start":7907.422,"end":7907.791},{"text":"and","start":7908.609,"end":7908.754},{"text":"based","start":7908.866,"end":7909.364},{"text":"on","start":7909.508,"end":7909.556},{"text":"respect","start":7909.652,"end":7910.198},{"text":"for","start":7910.455,"end":7910.615},{"text":"the","start":7910.615,"end":7910.696},{"text":"sovereign","start":7910.696,"end":7911.081},{"text":"equality","start":7911.193,"end":7911.723},{"text":"of","start":7912.14,"end":7912.188},{"text":"all","start":7912.3,"end":7912.413},{"text":"member","start":7912.413,"end":7912.702},{"text":"states.","start":7912.702,"end":7913.023}]},{"text":"Co-chairs, in terms of your question regarding limitations of the use of the veto, we note existing efforts aimed at limiting the use of the veto on matters concerning mass atrocities and war crimes, including the Mexico and France initiative and the Accountability, Coherence, and Transparency, or ACT, Group Code of Conduct.","start":7914.467,"end":7933.814,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Co-chairs,","start":7914.467,"end":7914.852},{"text":"in","start":7914.884,"end":7914.932},{"text":"terms","start":7914.964,"end":7915.173},{"text":"of","start":7915.205,"end":7915.269},{"text":"your","start":7915.269,"end":7915.366},{"text":"question","start":7915.366,"end":7915.687},{"text":"regarding","start":7915.687,"end":7916.04},{"text":"limitations","start":7916.072,"end":7916.698},{"text":"of","start":7916.73,"end":7916.81},{"text":"the","start":7916.81,"end":7916.89},{"text":"use","start":7916.954,"end":7917.099},{"text":"of","start":7917.195,"end":7917.243},{"text":"the","start":7917.275,"end":7917.484},{"text":"veto,","start":7917.34,"end":7917.548},{"text":"we","start":7918.174,"end":7918.271},{"text":"note","start":7918.271,"end":7918.672},{"text":"existing","start":7918.736,"end":7919.266},{"text":"efforts","start":7919.443,"end":7919.748},{"text":"aimed","start":7920.085,"end":7920.31},{"text":"at","start":7920.342,"end":7920.551},{"text":"limiting","start":7920.567,"end":7920.936},{"text":"the","start":7921.049,"end":7921.129},{"text":"use","start":7921.209,"end":7921.498},{"text":"of","start":7921.948,"end":7922.044},{"text":"the","start":7922.044,"end":7922.173},{"text":"veto","start":7922.173,"end":7922.429},{"text":"on","start":7922.51,"end":7922.558},{"text":"matters","start":7922.59,"end":7922.959},{"text":"concerning","start":7923.056,"end":7923.602},{"text":"mass","start":7923.858,"end":7924.131},{"text":"atrocities","start":7924.131,"end":7924.806},{"text":"and","start":7925.464,"end":7925.625},{"text":"war","start":7925.705,"end":7925.882},{"text":"crimes,","start":7925.882,"end":7926.251},{"text":"including","start":7926.283,"end":7926.733},{"text":"the","start":7926.765,"end":7926.861},{"text":"Mexico","start":7926.861,"end":7927.391},{"text":"and","start":7927.391,"end":7927.487},{"text":"France","start":7927.487,"end":7927.873},{"text":"initiative","start":7927.873,"end":7928.258},{"text":"and","start":7928.916,"end":7928.997},{"text":"the","start":7929.013,"end":7929.077},{"text":"Accountability,","start":7929.077,"end":7929.976},{"text":"Coherence,","start":7930.04,"end":7930.602},{"text":"and","start":7930.618,"end":7930.747},{"text":"Transparency,","start":7930.779,"end":7931.55},{"text":"or","start":7931.887,"end":7932.079},{"text":"ACT,","start":7932.128,"end":7932.304},{"text":"Group","start":7932.465,"end":7932.786},{"text":"Code","start":7932.85,"end":7933.075},{"text":"of","start":7933.171,"end":7933.332},{"text":"Conduct.","start":7933.332,"end":7933.814}]},{"text":"However, the continued use of the veto by some members of the Security Council despite these initiatives demonstrates that they do not guarantee limited use of the veto.","start":7935.194,"end":7945.631,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. 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thank you.","start":8033.504,"end":8033.908,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8033.504,"end":8033.537},{"text":"thank","start":8033.585,"end":8033.763},{"text":"you.","start":8033.811,"end":8033.908}]},{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of South Africa, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of India.","start":8035.55,"end":8042.16,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8035.55,"end":8035.582},{"text":"thank","start":8035.582,"end":8035.972},{"text":"the","start":8035.972,"end":8036.053},{"text":"distinguished","start":8036.053,"end":8036.54},{"text":"representative","start":8036.54,"end":8037.336},{"text":"of","start":8037.385,"end":8037.547},{"text":"South","start":8037.547,"end":8037.823},{"text":"Africa,","start":8037.921,"end":8038.44},{"text":"and","start":8038.749,"end":8038.895},{"text":"I","start":8038.895,"end":8038.993},{"text":"give","start":8038.993,"end":8039.22},{"text":"the","start":8039.22,"end":8039.252},{"text":"floor","start":8039.252,"end":8039.74},{"text":"to","start":8039.967,"end":8040.113},{"text":"the","start":8040.113,"end":8040.194},{"text":"distinguished","start":8040.194,"end":8040.682},{"text":"representative","start":8040.682,"end":8041.51},{"text":"of","start":8041.51,"end":8041.64},{"text":"India.","start":8041.754,"end":8042.16}]},{"text":"Distinguished co-chairs, Excellencies and colleagues, I express our sincere appreciation","start":8044.51,"end":8050.08,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":8044.51,"end":8044.948},{"text":"co-chairs,","start":8044.948,"end":8045.437},{"text":"Excellencies","start":8046.252,"end":8046.943},{"text":"and","start":8046.976,"end":8047.104},{"text":"colleagues,","start":8047.12,"end":8047.587},{"text":"I","start":8048.488,"end":8048.536},{"text":"express","start":8048.649,"end":8048.986},{"text":"our","start":8048.986,"end":8049.067},{"text":"sincere","start":8049.067,"end":8049.533},{"text":"appreciation","start":8049.533,"end":8050.08}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"ZAF","affiliation_full":"South Africa","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":59,"start":8050.113,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=8051","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"to the co-chairs for convening this meeting on the question of the 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the","start":8054.792,"end":8058.246,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"India","start":8054.792,"end":8055.274},{"text":"fully","start":8055.531,"end":8055.852},{"text":"aligns","start":8055.852,"end":8056.238},{"text":"with","start":8056.318,"end":8056.382},{"text":"the","start":8056.382,"end":8056.495},{"text":"statements","start":8056.495,"end":8057.121},{"text":"delivered","start":8057.121,"end":8057.651},{"text":"by","start":8057.683,"end":8057.796},{"text":"the","start":8058.149,"end":8058.246}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IGN","affiliation_full":"IGN","group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":60,"start":8058.246,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=8059","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"PR of Saint Lucia on behalf of L69 and the PR of Brazil on behalf of 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Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":8068.18,"end":8068.633},{"text":"there","start":8069.346,"end":8069.492},{"text":"are","start":8069.492,"end":8069.589},{"text":"2","start":8069.589,"end":8069.751},{"text":"fundamental","start":8069.751,"end":8070.253},{"text":"aspects","start":8070.302,"end":8070.756},{"text":"that","start":8070.804,"end":8071.031},{"text":"result","start":8071.031,"end":8071.452},{"text":"in","start":8071.452,"end":8071.598},{"text":"an","start":8071.598,"end":8071.663},{"text":"imbalanced","start":8071.841,"end":8072.343},{"text":"structure","start":8072.343,"end":8072.813},{"text":"and","start":8072.846,"end":8072.991},{"text":"lack","start":8072.991,"end":8073.251},{"text":"of","start":8073.251,"end":8073.364},{"text":"legitimacy","start":8073.397,"end":8074.012},{"text":"and","start":8074.045,"end":8074.126},{"text":"non-representativeness","start":8074.126,"end":8075.276},{"text":"of","start":8075.276,"end":8075.406},{"text":"the","start":8075.406,"end":8075.503},{"text":"UN","start":8075.503,"end":8075.713},{"text":"Security","start":8075.811,"end":8076.037},{"text":"Council.","start":8076.037,"end":8076.135}]},{"text":"These are the membership and veto.","start":8077.38,"end":8079.433,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":8077.38,"end":8077.526},{"text":"are","start":8077.623,"end":8077.72},{"text":"the","start":8077.72,"end":8077.865},{"text":"membership","start":8077.865,"end":8078.528},{"text":"and","start":8078.932,"end":8078.997},{"text":"veto.","start":8079.094,"end":8079.433}]},{"text":"There is broad agreement on the dire need to reform the UN Security Council.","start":8080.306,"end":8083.829,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":8080.306,"end":8080.451},{"text":"is","start":8080.451,"end":8080.516},{"text":"broad","start":8080.548,"end":8080.774},{"text":"agreement","start":8080.774,"end":8081.259},{"text":"on","start":8081.259,"end":8081.34},{"text":"the","start":8081.34,"end":8081.421},{"text":"dire","start":8081.437,"end":8081.76},{"text":"need","start":8081.76,"end":8081.922},{"text":"to","start":8081.922,"end":8082.083},{"text":"reform","start":8082.083,"end":8082.487},{"text":"the","start":8082.487,"end":8082.633},{"text":"UN","start":8082.633,"end":8082.794},{"text":"Security","start":8082.875,"end":8083.344},{"text":"Council.","start":8083.36,"end":8083.829}]},{"text":"It is evident that a structure designed more than 80 years ago does not meet the requirements of the current geopolitical realities.","start":8084.62,"end":8090.528,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. 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Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":8124.082,"end":8124.259},{"text":"reform","start":8124.259,"end":8124.646},{"text":"that","start":8124.646,"end":8124.807},{"text":"is","start":8124.807,"end":8124.903},{"text":"not","start":8124.903,"end":8125.113},{"text":"accompanied","start":8125.113,"end":8125.676},{"text":"by","start":8125.676,"end":8125.725},{"text":"an","start":8125.757,"end":8125.805},{"text":"expansion","start":8125.853,"end":8126.417},{"text":"in","start":8126.417,"end":8126.465},{"text":"the","start":8126.497,"end":8126.578},{"text":"permanent","start":8126.578,"end":8127.125},{"text":"category","start":8127.125,"end":8127.592},{"text":"with","start":8127.625,"end":8127.802},{"text":"veto","start":8127.85,"end":8128.269},{"text":"would","start":8128.897,"end":8129.042},{"text":"deteriorate","start":8129.074,"end":8129.702},{"text":"this","start":8129.702,"end":8129.831},{"text":"ratio","start":8129.943,"end":8130.265},{"text":"further","start":8130.265,"end":8130.7},{"text":"and","start":8130.7,"end":8130.813},{"text":"thereby","start":8130.845,"end":8131.28},{"text":"perpetuate","start":8131.312,"end":8131.859},{"text":"the","start":8131.892,"end":8131.94},{"text":"existing","start":8131.956,"end":8132.391},{"text":"imbalance","start":8132.455,"end":8133.019},{"text":"and","start":8133.019,"end":8133.067},{"text":"inequities.","start":8133.067,"end":8133.389}]},{"text":"Therefore, expanding the permanent category with veto is critical to real reform of the Security Council.","start":8134.947,"end":8140.765,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."},{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":8134.947,"end":8135.173},{"text":"expanding","start":8135.189,"end":8135.658},{"text":"the","start":8135.739,"end":8135.836},{"text":"permanent","start":8135.836,"end":8136.304},{"text":"category","start":8136.304,"end":8136.741},{"text":"with","start":8136.741,"end":8136.967},{"text":"veto","start":8136.967,"end":8137.209},{"text":"is","start":8137.209,"end":8137.258},{"text":"critical","start":8137.371,"end":8137.904},{"text":"to","start":8137.92,"end":8138.033},{"text":"real","start":8139.068,"end":8139.31},{"text":"reform","start":8139.31,"end":8139.714},{"text":"of","start":8139.714,"end":8139.795},{"text":"the","start":8139.795,"end":8139.876},{"text":"Security","start":8139.876,"end":8140.328},{"text":"Council.","start":8140.344,"end":8140.765}]},{"text":"Third, consideration of a new category under the framework of UNSC reform with or without veto would complicate an already existing discussion that involves wide-ranging views.","start":8142.38,"end":8153.414,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."},{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":8142.38,"end":8142.541},{"text":"consideration","start":8143.458,"end":8144.07},{"text":"of","start":8144.086,"end":8144.183},{"text":"a","start":8144.183,"end":8144.199},{"text":"new","start":8144.199,"end":8144.392},{"text":"category","start":8144.489,"end":8144.956},{"text":"under","start":8144.988,"end":8145.165},{"text":"the","start":8145.165,"end":8145.262},{"text":"framework","start":8145.294,"end":8145.81},{"text":"of","start":8145.858,"end":8146.067},{"text":"UNSC","start":8146.196,"end":8146.518},{"text":"reform","start":8146.518,"end":8146.969},{"text":"with","start":8147.726,"end":8148.032},{"text":"or","start":8148.032,"end":8148.128},{"text":"without","start":8148.128,"end":8148.499},{"text":"veto","start":8148.547,"end":8148.837},{"text":"would","start":8148.918,"end":8149.062},{"text":"complicate","start":8149.095,"end":8149.835},{"text":"an","start":8150.222,"end":8150.27},{"text":"already","start":8150.367,"end":8150.753},{"text":"existing","start":8150.786,"end":8151.236},{"text":"discussion","start":8151.349,"end":8151.72},{"text":"that","start":8151.752,"end":8151.913},{"text":"involves","start":8151.913,"end":8152.446},{"text":"wide-ranging","start":8152.494,"end":8153.091},{"text":"views.","start":8153.188,"end":8153.414}]},{"text":"It's important to limit the scope of reforms to the existing framework in order to streamline and fast-track the path to reforms.","start":8154.657,"end":8160.839,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":8154.657,"end":8154.802},{"text":"important","start":8154.802,"end":8155.287},{"text":"to","start":8155.287,"end":8155.335},{"text":"limit","start":8155.448,"end":8155.771},{"text":"the","start":8155.771,"end":8155.851},{"text":"scope","start":8155.851,"end":8156.174},{"text":"of","start":8156.19,"end":8156.352},{"text":"reforms","start":8156.352,"end":8156.755},{"text":"to","start":8156.755,"end":8156.852},{"text":"the","start":8156.901,"end":8157.062},{"text":"existing","start":8157.078,"end":8157.53},{"text":"framework","start":8157.627,"end":8158.143},{"text":"in","start":8158.143,"end":8158.208},{"text":"order","start":8158.272,"end":8158.595},{"text":"to","start":8158.595,"end":8158.676},{"text":"streamline","start":8158.676,"end":8159.289},{"text":"and","start":8159.338,"end":8159.483},{"text":"fast-track","start":8159.483,"end":8159.983},{"text":"the","start":8159.983,"end":8160.145},{"text":"path","start":8160.145,"end":8160.355},{"text":"to","start":8160.403,"end":8160.532},{"text":"reforms.","start":8160.532,"end":8160.839}]},{"text":"In this context, India reiterates that our views are aligned with the African model.","start":8162.004,"end":8165.743,"topics":[{"key":"african-representation","label":"African Permanent Representation","description":"African states and their supporters emphasized that Africa remains excluded from permanent membership and veto power despite being central to much of the Council's agenda. They framed this as a historical injustice and called for permanent African seats with full prerogatives if the veto remains."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8162.004,"end":8162.133},{"text":"this","start":8162.149,"end":8162.261},{"text":"context,","start":8162.309,"end":8162.759},{"text":"India","start":8162.807,"end":8163.063},{"text":"reiterates","start":8163.063,"end":8163.625},{"text":"that","start":8163.673,"end":8163.834},{"text":"our","start":8163.834,"end":8163.898},{"text":"views","start":8163.93,"end":8164.219},{"text":"are","start":8164.251,"end":8164.347},{"text":"aligned","start":8164.347,"end":8164.668},{"text":"with","start":8164.716,"end":8164.813},{"text":"the","start":8164.813,"end":8164.941},{"text":"African","start":8164.957,"end":8165.358},{"text":"model.","start":8165.358,"end":8165.743}]},{"text":"New permanent members must also be given the veto as long as veto exists.","start":8166.434,"end":8170.59,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"New","start":8166.434,"end":8166.626},{"text":"permanent","start":8166.658,"end":8167.059},{"text":"members","start":8167.059,"end":8167.348},{"text":"must","start":8167.461,"end":8167.653},{"text":"also","start":8167.766,"end":8167.99},{"text":"be","start":8168.006,"end":8168.103},{"text":"given","start":8168.103,"end":8168.359},{"text":"the","start":8168.407,"end":8168.504},{"text":"veto","start":8168.504,"end":8168.809},{"text":"as","start":8168.889,"end":8168.953},{"text":"long","start":8169.065,"end":8169.274},{"text":"as","start":8169.37,"end":8169.435},{"text":"veto","start":8169.547,"end":8169.868},{"text":"exists.","start":8169.868,"end":8170.59}]},{"text":"Fourth, there have been calls for restraining the veto.","start":8172.018,"end":8175.549,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Fourth,","start":8172.018,"end":8172.323},{"text":"there","start":8173.222,"end":8173.398},{"text":"have","start":8173.398,"end":8173.623},{"text":"been","start":8173.623,"end":8173.768},{"text":"calls","start":8173.864,"end":8174.169},{"text":"for","start":8174.201,"end":8174.442},{"text":"restraining","start":8174.442,"end":8174.971},{"text":"the","start":8175.003,"end":8175.148},{"text":"veto.","start":8175.148,"end":8175.549}]},{"text":"Resolution 76/262 was adopted in 2022 with the aim of convening a formal meeting of the General Assembly within 10 days from exercising a veto to hold a debate on the same.","start":8176.849,"end":8187.601,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."},{"key":"general-assembly-role","label":"Stronger General Assembly Role","description":"Several delegations urged a more active role for the General Assembly when the Security Council is blocked by a veto. They highlighted Assembly debates, emergency sessions, and follow-up action as ways to preserve accountability and sustain multilateral response."}],"words":[{"text":"Resolution","start":8176.849,"end":8177.378},{"text":"76/262","start":8177.427,"end":8178.951},{"text":"was","start":8178.951,"end":8179.112},{"text":"adopted","start":8179.16,"end":8179.593},{"text":"in","start":8179.593,"end":8179.721},{"text":"2022","start":8179.721,"end":8180.46},{"text":"with","start":8180.46,"end":8180.572},{"text":"the","start":8180.604,"end":8180.684},{"text":"aim","start":8180.765,"end":8180.893},{"text":"of","start":8180.941,"end":8181.07},{"text":"convening","start":8181.102,"end":8181.551},{"text":"a","start":8181.968,"end":8182},{"text":"formal","start":8182,"end":8182.402},{"text":"meeting","start":8182.466,"end":8182.755},{"text":"of","start":8182.803,"end":8182.883},{"text":"the","start":8182.931,"end":8182.979},{"text":"General","start":8183.011,"end":8183.3},{"text":"Assembly","start":8183.332,"end":8183.75},{"text":"within","start":8183.75,"end":8184.038},{"text":"10","start":8184.135,"end":8184.279},{"text":"days","start":8184.391,"end":8184.52},{"text":"from","start":8184.616,"end":8184.696},{"text":"exercising","start":8184.728,"end":8185.242},{"text":"a","start":8185.354,"end":8185.435},{"text":"veto","start":8185.435,"end":8185.836},{"text":"to","start":8186.237,"end":8186.317},{"text":"hold","start":8186.317,"end":8186.622},{"text":"a","start":8186.622,"end":8186.638},{"text":"debate","start":8186.638,"end":8187.039},{"text":"on","start":8187.039,"end":8187.12},{"text":"the","start":8187.12,"end":8187.216},{"text":"same.","start":8187.216,"end":8187.601}]},{"text":"However, this has not been an effective deterrent.","start":8188.227,"end":8190.701,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":8188.227,"end":8188.709},{"text":"this","start":8188.886,"end":8189.014},{"text":"has","start":8189.047,"end":8189.175},{"text":"not","start":8189.207,"end":8189.432},{"text":"been","start":8189.448,"end":8189.609},{"text":"an","start":8189.609,"end":8189.705},{"text":"effective","start":8189.705,"end":8190.187},{"text":"deterrent.","start":8190.187,"end":8190.701}]},{"text":"Since the adoption of the resolution, 24 vetoes were cast on 20 draft resolutions.","start":8191.215,"end":8195.632,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":8191.215,"end":8191.52},{"text":"the","start":8191.52,"end":8191.6},{"text":"adoption","start":8191.6,"end":8192.002},{"text":"of","start":8192.002,"end":8192.082},{"text":"the","start":8192.082,"end":8192.163},{"text":"resolution,","start":8192.163,"end":8192.709},{"text":"24","start":8192.741,"end":8193.367},{"text":"vetoes","start":8193.367,"end":8193.64},{"text":"were","start":8193.769,"end":8193.865},{"text":"cast","start":8193.865,"end":8194.203},{"text":"on","start":8194.203,"end":8194.267},{"text":"20","start":8194.347,"end":8194.684},{"text":"draft","start":8194.684,"end":8194.99},{"text":"resolutions.","start":8194.99,"end":8195.632}]},{"text":"In fact, the 7 draft resolutions that were vetoed in 2024 was the highest since 1986.","start":8196.355,"end":8201.736,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8196.355,"end":8196.403},{"text":"fact,","start":8196.515,"end":8196.74},{"text":"the","start":8196.756,"end":8196.837},{"text":"7","start":8196.837,"end":8197.158},{"text":"draft","start":8197.158,"end":8197.415},{"text":"resolutions","start":8197.415,"end":8197.961},{"text":"that","start":8197.961,"end":8198.122},{"text":"were","start":8198.122,"end":8198.266},{"text":"vetoed","start":8198.282,"end":8198.62},{"text":"in","start":8198.62,"end":8198.684},{"text":"2024","start":8198.748,"end":8199.664},{"text":"was","start":8199.969,"end":8200.081},{"text":"the","start":8200.113,"end":8200.146},{"text":"highest","start":8200.21,"end":8200.611},{"text":"since","start":8200.611,"end":8200.868},{"text":"1986.","start":8200.868,"end":8201.736}]},{"text":"The UN membership has also witnessed the restraint of 2 permanent members who have not cast a veto for over 3 and a half decades.","start":8202.699,"end":8208.739,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8202.699,"end":8202.828},{"text":"UN","start":8202.844,"end":8203.037},{"text":"membership","start":8203.101,"end":8203.583},{"text":"has","start":8203.583,"end":8203.711},{"text":"also","start":8203.808,"end":8204},{"text":"witnessed","start":8204.065,"end":8204.466},{"text":"the","start":8204.466,"end":8204.595},{"text":"restraint","start":8204.611,"end":8205.205},{"text":"of","start":8205.205,"end":8205.318},{"text":"2","start":8205.366,"end":8205.446},{"text":"permanent","start":8205.51,"end":8205.912},{"text":"members","start":8205.912,"end":8206.201},{"text":"who","start":8206.297,"end":8206.362},{"text":"have","start":8206.362,"end":8206.474},{"text":"not","start":8206.474,"end":8206.715},{"text":"cast","start":8206.715,"end":8206.972},{"text":"a","start":8206.972,"end":8206.988},{"text":"veto","start":8207.036,"end":8207.277},{"text":"for","start":8207.341,"end":8207.502},{"text":"over","start":8207.502,"end":8207.679},{"text":"3","start":8207.743,"end":8207.92},{"text":"and","start":8207.92,"end":8208},{"text":"a","start":8208,"end":8208.064},{"text":"half","start":8208.064,"end":8208.257},{"text":"decades.","start":8208.321,"end":8208.739}]},{"text":"Permanent members exercise veto many a time on the basis of their own national considerations.","start":8209.59,"end":8213.509,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"Permanent","start":8209.59,"end":8209.927},{"text":"members","start":8209.927,"end":8210.297},{"text":"exercise","start":8210.329,"end":8210.698},{"text":"veto","start":8210.811,"end":8211.068},{"text":"many","start":8211.068,"end":8211.293},{"text":"a","start":8211.293,"end":8211.437},{"text":"time","start":8211.437,"end":8211.582},{"text":"on","start":8211.678,"end":8211.726},{"text":"the","start":8211.758,"end":8211.855},{"text":"basis","start":8211.855,"end":8212.176},{"text":"of","start":8212.176,"end":8212.256},{"text":"their","start":8212.256,"end":8212.417},{"text":"own","start":8212.417,"end":8212.497},{"text":"national","start":8212.497,"end":8212.899},{"text":"considerations.","start":8212.899,"end":8213.509}]},{"text":"No limits can be effectively considered for imposition unless there are enabling provisions in the UN Charter, which paradoxically need a Charter amendment and hence again subject to a veto.","start":8214.248,"end":8224.2,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"No","start":8214.248,"end":8214.408},{"text":"limits","start":8214.408,"end":8214.745},{"text":"can","start":8214.745,"end":8214.874},{"text":"be","start":8214.906,"end":8214.986},{"text":"effectively","start":8214.986,"end":8215.468},{"text":"considered","start":8215.532,"end":8215.965},{"text":"for","start":8215.965,"end":8216.126},{"text":"imposition","start":8216.126,"end":8216.72},{"text":"unless","start":8216.816,"end":8217.105},{"text":"there","start":8217.699,"end":8217.875},{"text":"are","start":8217.875,"end":8218.116},{"text":"enabling","start":8218.116,"end":8218.55},{"text":"provisions","start":8218.678,"end":8219.16},{"text":"in","start":8219.224,"end":8219.272},{"text":"the","start":8219.304,"end":8219.368},{"text":"UN","start":8219.4,"end":8219.609},{"text":"Charter,","start":8219.705,"end":8220.107},{"text":"which","start":8220.508,"end":8220.572},{"text":"paradoxically","start":8220.749,"end":8221.455},{"text":"need","start":8221.487,"end":8221.728},{"text":"a","start":8221.728,"end":8221.808},{"text":"Charter","start":8221.808,"end":8222.177},{"text":"amendment","start":8222.193,"end":8222.675},{"text":"and","start":8222.675,"end":8222.771},{"text":"hence","start":8222.771,"end":8223.012},{"text":"again","start":8223.012,"end":8223.317},{"text":"subject","start":8223.317,"end":8223.654},{"text":"to","start":8223.654,"end":8223.751},{"text":"a","start":8223.799,"end":8223.815},{"text":"veto.","start":8223.815,"end":8224.2}]},{"text":"Fifth, India would like to highlight an important concept that deserves attention of member states.","start":8225.404,"end":8230.236,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Fifth,","start":8225.404,"end":8225.709},{"text":"India","start":8226.544,"end":8226.849},{"text":"would","start":8226.849,"end":8226.945},{"text":"like","start":8226.945,"end":8227.105},{"text":"to","start":8227.105,"end":8227.25},{"text":"highlight","start":8227.25,"end":8227.667},{"text":"an","start":8227.667,"end":8227.764},{"text":"important","start":8227.764,"end":8228.229},{"text":"concept","start":8228.229,"end":8228.598},{"text":"that","start":8228.63,"end":8228.727},{"text":"deserves","start":8228.775,"end":8229.112},{"text":"attention","start":8229.112,"end":8229.481},{"text":"of","start":8229.497,"end":8229.577},{"text":"member","start":8229.577,"end":8229.77},{"text":"states.","start":8229.77,"end":8230.236}]},{"text":"This is the effective veto every Security Council member, elected and non-elected, enjoys on products and outcomes such as the PRST, the press statements, sanctions committees, etc. There have been instances in the past where elected members have created hurdles by exercising effective veto on Council products to serve their narrow vested interests.","start":8230.958,"end":8251.187,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council 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veto has been a major topic of discussion both within and beyond the IGN.","start":8252.392,"end":8256.422,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":8252.392,"end":8252.841},{"text":"veto","start":8253.034,"end":8253.275},{"text":"has","start":8253.275,"end":8253.404},{"text":"been","start":8253.5,"end":8253.564},{"text":"a","start":8253.612,"end":8253.677},{"text":"major","start":8253.677,"end":8253.982},{"text":"topic","start":8253.982,"end":8254.255},{"text":"of","start":8254.255,"end":8254.335},{"text":"discussion","start":8254.383,"end":8254.768},{"text":"both","start":8254.945,"end":8255.138},{"text":"within","start":8255.186,"end":8255.395},{"text":"and","start":8255.443,"end":8255.523},{"text":"beyond","start":8255.604,"end":8255.909},{"text":"the","start":8255.909,"end":8256.117},{"text":"IGN.","start":8256.23,"end":8256.422}]},{"text":"However, this does not impart this cluster precedence over the others.","start":8256.952,"end":8261.192,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":8256.952,"end":8257.402},{"text":"this","start":8257.836,"end":8258.012},{"text":"does","start":8258.012,"end":8258.221},{"text":"not","start":8258.253,"end":8258.478},{"text":"impart","start":8258.478,"end":8258.944},{"text":"this","start":8258.976,"end":8259.088},{"text":"cluster","start":8259.217,"end":8259.747},{"text":"precedence","start":8260.02,"end":8260.566},{"text":"over","start":8260.566,"end":8260.726},{"text":"the","start":8260.726,"end":8260.887},{"text":"others.","start":8260.887,"end":8261.192}]},{"text":"Reform of the Security Council must be undertaken in a comprehensive manner because a piecemeal approach that focuses on one cluster over another is bound to fail.","start":8261.866,"end":8269.797,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Reform","start":8261.866,"end":8262.155},{"text":"of","start":8262.203,"end":8262.268},{"text":"the","start":8262.268,"end":8262.364},{"text":"Security","start":8262.364,"end":8262.798},{"text":"Council","start":8262.83,"end":8263.167},{"text":"must","start":8263.167,"end":8263.456},{"text":"be","start":8263.456,"end":8263.536},{"text":"undertaken","start":8263.536,"end":8264.034},{"text":"in","start":8264.034,"end":8264.114},{"text":"a","start":8264.114,"end":8264.195},{"text":"comprehensive","start":8264.195,"end":8264.773},{"text":"manner","start":8264.821,"end":8265.206},{"text":"because","start":8265.544,"end":8265.768},{"text":"a","start":8265.801,"end":8265.817},{"text":"piecemeal","start":8265.881,"end":8266.347},{"text":"approach","start":8266.347,"end":8266.652},{"text":"that","start":8266.684,"end":8266.844},{"text":"focuses","start":8266.844,"end":8267.246},{"text":"on","start":8267.31,"end":8267.455},{"text":"one","start":8267.487,"end":8267.599},{"text":"cluster","start":8267.728,"end":8268.129},{"text":"over","start":8268.129,"end":8268.354},{"text":"another","start":8268.37,"end":8268.755},{"text":"is","start":8268.948,"end":8269.06},{"text":"bound","start":8269.156,"end":8269.332},{"text":"to","start":8269.332,"end":8269.461},{"text":"fail.","start":8269.477,"end":8269.797}]},{"text":"Well-laid-out timelines, concrete milestones, and text-based negotiations are key ingredients to the success of such a comprehensive approach.","start":8270.278,"end":8277.091,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Well-laid-out","start":8270.278,"end":8270.839},{"text":"timelines,","start":8270.839,"end":8271.304},{"text":"concrete","start":8271.4,"end":8271.817},{"text":"milestones,","start":8271.817,"end":8272.362},{"text":"and","start":8272.378,"end":8272.602},{"text":"text-based","start":8272.602,"end":8273.035},{"text":"negotiations","start":8273.035,"end":8273.837},{"text":"are","start":8274.221,"end":8274.43},{"text":"key","start":8274.446,"end":8274.606},{"text":"ingredients","start":8274.606,"end":8275.119},{"text":"to","start":8275.119,"end":8275.215},{"text":"the","start":8275.247,"end":8275.344},{"text":"success","start":8275.344,"end":8275.712},{"text":"of","start":8275.76,"end":8275.873},{"text":"such","start":8275.889,"end":8276.065},{"text":"a","start":8276.065,"end":8276.129},{"text":"comprehensive","start":8276.129,"end":8276.706},{"text":"approach.","start":8276.706,"end":8277.091}]},{"text":"In closing, India emphasizes that we will continue to remain fully engaged with the co-chairs and the member states towards achieving real reform of the UN Security Council.","start":8277.668,"end":8285.955,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical 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will support all genuine efforts that are aimed at delivering meaningful and lasting outcomes.","start":8286.484,"end":8290.988,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8286.484,"end":8286.564},{"text":"will","start":8286.564,"end":8286.789},{"text":"support","start":8286.789,"end":8287.189},{"text":"all","start":8287.189,"end":8287.237},{"text":"genuine","start":8287.35,"end":8287.654},{"text":"efforts","start":8287.686,"end":8288.007},{"text":"that","start":8288.007,"end":8288.231},{"text":"are","start":8288.231,"end":8288.311},{"text":"aimed","start":8288.311,"end":8288.504},{"text":"at","start":8288.504,"end":8288.648},{"text":"delivering","start":8288.648,"end":8289.017},{"text":"meaningful","start":8289.594,"end":8290.075},{"text":"and","start":8290.075,"end":8290.171},{"text":"lasting","start":8290.171,"end":8290.54},{"text":"outcomes.","start":8290.556,"end":8290.988}]},{"text":"I thank you, co-chairs.","start":8291.293,"end":8292.062,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8291.293,"end":8291.341},{"text":"thank","start":8291.373,"end":8291.614},{"text":"you,","start":8291.614,"end":8291.71},{"text":"co-chairs.","start":8291.758,"end":8292.062}]},{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of India.","start":8293.201,"end":8295.781,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8293.201,"end":8293.249},{"text":"thank","start":8293.297,"end":8293.617},{"text":"the","start":8293.617,"end":8293.697},{"text":"distinguished","start":8293.762,"end":8294.242},{"text":"representative","start":8294.242,"end":8294.996},{"text":"of","start":8294.996,"end":8295.3},{"text":"India.","start":8295.3,"end":8295.781}]},{"text":"And I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Australia.","start":8296.348,"end":8300.021,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":8296.348,"end":8296.413},{"text":"I","start":8296.413,"end":8296.446},{"text":"give","start":8296.576,"end":8296.69},{"text":"the","start":8296.755,"end":8296.836},{"text":"floor","start":8296.836,"end":8297.34},{"text":"to","start":8297.632,"end":8297.73},{"text":"the","start":8297.73,"end":8297.811},{"text":"distinguished","start":8297.811,"end":8298.363},{"text":"representative","start":8298.363,"end":8299.176},{"text":"of","start":8299.176,"end":8299.338},{"text":"Australia.","start":8299.338,"end":8300.021}]},{"text":"Thank you very much, co-chairs, for convening this meeting to address one of the most consequential","start":8303.75,"end":8309.042,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8303.75,"end":8303.847},{"text":"you","start":8303.847,"end":8304.041},{"text":"very","start":8304.17,"end":8304.3},{"text":"much,","start":8304.348,"end":8304.559},{"text":"co-chairs,","start":8304.672,"end":8305.125},{"text":"for","start":8305.239,"end":8305.319},{"text":"convening","start":8305.319,"end":8305.854},{"text":"this","start":8306.032,"end":8306.226},{"text":"meeting","start":8306.307,"end":8306.728},{"text":"to","start":8307.262,"end":8307.44},{"text":"address","start":8307.44,"end":8307.747},{"text":"one","start":8307.747,"end":8307.861},{"text":"of","start":8307.893,"end":8307.941},{"text":"the","start":8307.99,"end":8308.055},{"text":"most","start":8308.055,"end":8308.265},{"text":"consequential","start":8308.298,"end":8309.042}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IND","affiliation_full":"India","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":61,"start":8309.042,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=8310","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"questions in Security Council reform: the use of the veto.","start":8309.042,"end":8312.863,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"questions","start":8309.042,"end":8309.625},{"text":"in","start":8309.77,"end":8309.819},{"text":"Security","start":8309.867,"end":8310.337},{"text":"Council","start":8310.337,"end":8310.661},{"text":"reform:","start":8310.661,"end":8311.098},{"text":"the","start":8311.777,"end":8311.858},{"text":"use","start":8311.874,"end":8312.069},{"text":"of","start":8312.279,"end":8312.409},{"text":"the","start":8312.425,"end":8312.49},{"text":"veto.","start":8312.49,"end":8312.863}]},{"text":"Australia's position has been consistent since the founding of the","start":8313.674,"end":8317.534,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Australia's","start":8313.674,"end":8314.225},{"text":"position","start":8314.225,"end":8314.679},{"text":"has","start":8315.182,"end":8315.328},{"text":"been","start":8315.36,"end":8315.49},{"text":"consistent","start":8315.523,"end":8316.171},{"text":"since","start":8316.171,"end":8316.561},{"text":"the","start":8316.561,"end":8316.609},{"text":"founding","start":8316.658,"end":8317.096},{"text":"of","start":8317.291,"end":8317.388},{"text":"the","start":8317.453,"end":8317.534}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IGN","affiliation_full":"IGN","group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":62,"start":8317.534,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=8318","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"United Nations.","start":8317.534,"end":8318.491,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"United","start":8317.534,"end":8317.956},{"text":"Nations.","start":8317.956,"end":8318.491}]},{"text":"We have long opposed the veto, including its extension to any new members of a reformed Security Council.","start":8319.156,"end":8324.648,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."},{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8319.156,"end":8319.253},{"text":"have","start":8319.253,"end":8319.367},{"text":"long","start":8319.48,"end":8319.61},{"text":"opposed","start":8319.74,"end":8320.113},{"text":"the","start":8320.145,"end":8320.226},{"text":"veto,","start":8320.226,"end":8320.551},{"text":"including","start":8320.794,"end":8321.216},{"text":"its","start":8321.265,"end":8321.378},{"text":"extension","start":8321.44,"end":8321.882},{"text":"to","start":8321.882,"end":8322.029},{"text":"any","start":8322.045,"end":8322.209},{"text":"new","start":8322.209,"end":8322.389},{"text":"members","start":8322.389,"end":8322.749},{"text":"of","start":8323.011,"end":8323.109},{"text":"a","start":8323.109,"end":8323.126},{"text":"reformed","start":8323.126,"end":8323.682},{"text":"Security","start":8323.699,"end":8324.223},{"text":"Council.","start":8324.239,"end":8324.648}]},{"text":"While the veto remains part of today's institutional reality, it often sits in tension with the collective maintenance of international peace and security.","start":8326.1,"end":8334.106,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":8326.1,"end":8326.148},{"text":"the","start":8326.148,"end":8326.391},{"text":"veto","start":8326.439,"end":8326.714},{"text":"remains","start":8326.779,"end":8327.151},{"text":"part","start":8327.183,"end":8327.571},{"text":"of","start":8327.571,"end":8327.636},{"text":"today's","start":8327.652,"end":8327.992},{"text":"institutional","start":8327.992,"end":8328.655},{"text":"reality,","start":8328.655,"end":8329.173},{"text":"it","start":8329.367,"end":8329.513},{"text":"often","start":8329.513,"end":8329.723},{"text":"sits","start":8329.771,"end":8330.095},{"text":"in","start":8330.095,"end":8330.24},{"text":"tension","start":8330.24,"end":8330.71},{"text":"with","start":8331.13,"end":8331.227},{"text":"the","start":8331.227,"end":8331.373},{"text":"collective","start":8331.373,"end":8331.761},{"text":"maintenance","start":8331.793,"end":8332.473},{"text":"of","start":8332.521,"end":8332.618},{"text":"international","start":8332.618,"end":8333.168},{"text":"peace","start":8333.168,"end":8333.378},{"text":"and","start":8333.492,"end":8333.573},{"text":"security.","start":8333.573,"end":8334.106}]},{"text":"And against this backdrop, I will make 3 points.","start":8334.77,"end":8337.294,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":8334.77,"end":8334.85},{"text":"against","start":8334.867,"end":8335.19},{"text":"this","start":8335.19,"end":8335.32},{"text":"backdrop,","start":8335.32,"end":8335.877},{"text":"I","start":8336.012,"end":8336.062},{"text":"will","start":8336.096,"end":8336.197},{"text":"make","start":8336.197,"end":8336.467},{"text":"3","start":8336.619,"end":8336.872},{"text":"points.","start":8336.872,"end":8337.294}]},{"text":"First, all Security Council members have a clear obligation to uphold Article 27 of the UN Charter, which requires a party to a dispute to abstain from voting on decisions under Chapter 6.","start":8339,"end":8350.95,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":8339,"end":8339.437},{"text":"all","start":8339.583,"end":8339.68},{"text":"Security","start":8339.68,"end":8340.134},{"text":"Council","start":8340.166,"end":8340.539},{"text":"members","start":8340.539,"end":8340.944},{"text":"have","start":8340.96,"end":8341.074},{"text":"a","start":8341.074,"end":8341.203},{"text":"clear","start":8341.203,"end":8341.576},{"text":"obligation","start":8341.689,"end":8342.24},{"text":"to","start":8342.273,"end":8342.402},{"text":"uphold","start":8342.419,"end":8342.888},{"text":"Article","start":8343.067,"end":8343.31},{"text":"27","start":8343.326,"end":8344.379},{"text":"of","start":8344.444,"end":8344.541},{"text":"the","start":8344.541,"end":8344.687},{"text":"UN","start":8344.687,"end":8344.817},{"text":"Charter,","start":8344.93,"end":8345.416},{"text":"which","start":8345.838,"end":8345.967},{"text":"requires","start":8346.064,"end":8346.453},{"text":"a","start":8346.502,"end":8346.632},{"text":"party","start":8346.632,"end":8346.939},{"text":"to","start":8347.001,"end":8347.161},{"text":"a","start":8347.161,"end":8347.177},{"text":"dispute","start":8347.177,"end":8347.627},{"text":"to","start":8347.627,"end":8347.675},{"text":"abstain","start":8347.723,"end":8348.205},{"text":"from","start":8348.205,"end":8348.349},{"text":"voting","start":8348.43,"end":8348.735},{"text":"on","start":8348.927,"end":8348.976},{"text":"decisions","start":8349.008,"end":8349.537},{"text":"under","start":8349.65,"end":8349.875},{"text":"Chapter","start":8349.875,"end":8350.34},{"text":"6.","start":8350.388,"end":8350.95}]},{"text":"This obligation is foundational, not optional.","start":8351.721,"end":8354.964,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8351.721,"end":8351.962},{"text":"obligation","start":8351.962,"end":8352.508},{"text":"is","start":8352.765,"end":8352.829},{"text":"foundational,","start":8352.925,"end":8353.6},{"text":"not","start":8353.905,"end":8354.097},{"text":"optional.","start":8354.451,"end":8354.964}]},{"text":"We therefore welcome further consideration of the measures proposed by Liechtenstein and the cross-regional core group working to support Council members meet this obligation.","start":8355.655,"end":8364.55,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8355.655,"end":8355.751},{"text":"therefore","start":8355.751,"end":8356.329},{"text":"welcome","start":8356.377,"end":8356.795},{"text":"further","start":8356.795,"end":8357.1},{"text":"consideration","start":8357.1,"end":8357.806},{"text":"of","start":8357.919,"end":8358.047},{"text":"the","start":8358.063,"end":8358.127},{"text":"measures","start":8358.127,"end":8358.529},{"text":"proposed","start":8358.561,"end":8358.962},{"text":"by","start":8358.962,"end":8359.043},{"text":"Liechtenstein","start":8359.043,"end":8359.733},{"text":"and","start":8360.086,"end":8360.151},{"text":"the","start":8360.167,"end":8360.247},{"text":"cross-regional","start":8360.247,"end":8360.969},{"text":"core","start":8360.969,"end":8361.194},{"text":"group","start":8361.194,"end":8361.451},{"text":"working","start":8361.451,"end":8361.74},{"text":"to","start":8361.756,"end":8361.852},{"text":"support","start":8361.852,"end":8362.398},{"text":"Council","start":8362.398,"end":8362.752},{"text":"members","start":8362.752,"end":8363.185},{"text":"meet","start":8363.362,"end":8363.635},{"text":"this","start":8363.779,"end":8364.004},{"text":"obligation.","start":8364.004,"end":8364.55}]},{"text":"Sustained attention to responsible veto use can deliver results, and it is time to support concrete efforts to ensure full full compliance with Article 27.","start":8365.545,"end":8374.871,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."},{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Sustained","start":8365.545,"end":8365.963},{"text":"attention","start":8365.963,"end":8366.38},{"text":"to","start":8366.412,"end":8366.509},{"text":"responsible","start":8366.509,"end":8367.055},{"text":"veto","start":8367.071,"end":8367.312},{"text":"use","start":8367.376,"end":8367.536},{"text":"can","start":8367.552,"end":8367.922},{"text":"deliver","start":8367.938,"end":8368.275},{"text":"results,","start":8368.275,"end":8368.821},{"text":"and","start":8368.837,"end":8368.901},{"text":"it","start":8368.981,"end":8369.078},{"text":"is","start":8369.078,"end":8369.126},{"text":"time","start":8369.238,"end":8369.608},{"text":"to","start":8369.704,"end":8369.8},{"text":"support","start":8369.8,"end":8370.153},{"text":"concrete","start":8370.202,"end":8370.683},{"text":"efforts","start":8370.683,"end":8371.117},{"text":"to","start":8371.406,"end":8371.486},{"text":"ensure","start":8371.486,"end":8371.984},{"text":"full","start":8372.369,"end":8372.658},{"text":"full","start":8372.74,"end":8372.82},{"text":"compliance","start":8372.852,"end":8373.525},{"text":"with","start":8373.653,"end":8373.813},{"text":"Article","start":8373.877,"end":8374.134},{"text":"27.","start":8374.15,"end":8374.871}]},{"text":"Second, restraint of the use of the veto is essential to an effective and credible Council.","start":8376.233,"end":8381.089,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":8376.233,"end":8376.746},{"text":"restraint","start":8376.762,"end":8377.499},{"text":"of","start":8377.499,"end":8377.563},{"text":"the","start":8377.643,"end":8377.723},{"text":"use","start":8377.739,"end":8378.012},{"text":"of","start":8378.06,"end":8378.14},{"text":"the","start":8378.14,"end":8378.22},{"text":"veto","start":8378.22,"end":8378.541},{"text":"is","start":8378.685,"end":8378.781},{"text":"essential","start":8378.781,"end":8379.374},{"text":"to","start":8379.422,"end":8379.502},{"text":"an","start":8379.502,"end":8379.55},{"text":"effective","start":8379.598,"end":8380.031},{"text":"and","start":8380.063,"end":8380.127},{"text":"credible","start":8380.207,"end":8380.688},{"text":"Council.","start":8380.688,"end":8381.089}]},{"text":"We welcome that last year the number of vetoes was halved from 8 in 2024 to 4 in 2025.","start":8381.746,"end":8387.931,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8381.746,"end":8381.89},{"text":"welcome","start":8381.906,"end":8382.274},{"text":"that","start":8382.387,"end":8382.547},{"text":"last","start":8382.547,"end":8382.931},{"text":"year","start":8382.931,"end":8383.044},{"text":"the","start":8383.044,"end":8383.124},{"text":"number","start":8383.124,"end":8383.428},{"text":"of","start":8383.428,"end":8383.476},{"text":"vetoes","start":8383.508,"end":8383.877},{"text":"was","start":8383.973,"end":8384.085},{"text":"halved","start":8384.133,"end":8384.566},{"text":"from","start":8384.726,"end":8384.854},{"text":"8","start":8385.015,"end":8385.207},{"text":"in","start":8385.271,"end":8385.351},{"text":"2024","start":8385.351,"end":8386.297},{"text":"to","start":8386.553,"end":8386.649},{"text":"4","start":8386.697,"end":8386.97},{"text":"in","start":8387.034,"end":8387.082},{"text":"2025.","start":8387.178,"end":8387.931}]},{"text":"That progress matters, but restraint must be principled and predictable, not just episodic.","start":8388.797,"end":8394.245,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":8388.797,"end":8388.909},{"text":"progress","start":8388.957,"end":8389.454},{"text":"matters,","start":8389.454,"end":8389.886},{"text":"but","start":8390.399,"end":8390.559},{"text":"restraint","start":8390.559,"end":8391.12},{"text":"must","start":8391.12,"end":8391.313},{"text":"be","start":8391.361,"end":8391.441},{"text":"principled","start":8391.521,"end":8392.05},{"text":"and","start":8392.162,"end":8392.306},{"text":"predictable,","start":8392.306,"end":8392.771},{"text":"not","start":8393.027,"end":8393.284},{"text":"just","start":8393.284,"end":8393.668},{"text":"episodic.","start":8393.668,"end":8394.245}]},{"text":"Australia encourages permanent members to commit to voluntary collective limits on the veto by refraining from its use in situations involving mass atrocities, as envisioned by the France-Mexico Initiative, and by not blocking resolutions intended to prevent or halt such crimes in line with the ACT Code of Conduct.","start":8395.223,"end":8413.24,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Australia","start":8395.223,"end":8395.687},{"text":"encourages","start":8395.687,"end":8396.216},{"text":"permanent","start":8396.312,"end":8396.553},{"text":"members","start":8396.633,"end":8396.905},{"text":"to","start":8396.969,"end":8397.098},{"text":"commit","start":8397.114,"end":8397.338},{"text":"to","start":8397.386,"end":8397.466},{"text":"voluntary","start":8397.466,"end":8398.139},{"text":"collective","start":8398.492,"end":8399.037},{"text":"limits","start":8399.037,"end":8399.454},{"text":"on","start":8399.518,"end":8399.582},{"text":"the","start":8399.598,"end":8399.694},{"text":"veto","start":8399.694,"end":8400.111},{"text":"by","start":8400.656,"end":8400.736},{"text":"refraining","start":8400.736,"end":8401.265},{"text":"from","start":8401.361,"end":8401.49},{"text":"its","start":8401.522,"end":8401.698},{"text":"use","start":8401.698,"end":8402.019},{"text":"in","start":8402.019,"end":8402.099},{"text":"situations","start":8402.099,"end":8402.756},{"text":"involving","start":8402.804,"end":8403.189},{"text":"mass","start":8403.221,"end":8403.397},{"text":"atrocities,","start":8403.397,"end":8403.99},{"text":"as","start":8404.487,"end":8404.584},{"text":"envisioned","start":8404.584,"end":8405.113},{"text":"by","start":8405.145,"end":8405.385},{"text":"the","start":8405.385,"end":8405.465},{"text":"France-Mexico","start":8405.465,"end":8406.347},{"text":"Initiative,","start":8406.427,"end":8407.068},{"text":"and","start":8407.469,"end":8407.533},{"text":"by","start":8407.549,"end":8407.646},{"text":"not","start":8407.646,"end":8407.822},{"text":"blocking","start":8407.95,"end":8408.319},{"text":"resolutions","start":8408.351,"end":8409.04},{"text":"intended","start":8409.072,"end":8409.473},{"text":"to","start":8409.473,"end":8409.553},{"text":"prevent","start":8409.553,"end":8409.906},{"text":"or","start":8410.018,"end":8410.098},{"text":"halt","start":8410.098,"end":8410.355},{"text":"such","start":8410.355,"end":8410.563},{"text":"crimes","start":8410.595,"end":8410.964},{"text":"in","start":8411.397,"end":8411.445},{"text":"line","start":8411.541,"end":8411.766},{"text":"with","start":8411.878,"end":8412.038},{"text":"the","start":8412.038,"end":8412.166},{"text":"ACT","start":8412.198,"end":8412.439},{"text":"Code","start":8412.439,"end":8412.663},{"text":"of","start":8412.663,"end":8412.743},{"text":"Conduct.","start":8412.759,"end":8413.24}]},{"text":"These commitments strengthen the Council's legitimacy.","start":8414.042,"end":8416.655,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":8414.042,"end":8414.25},{"text":"commitments","start":8414.282,"end":8414.763},{"text":"strengthen","start":8414.763,"end":8415.228},{"text":"the","start":8415.308,"end":8415.389},{"text":"Council's","start":8415.389,"end":8415.998},{"text":"legitimacy.","start":8416.03,"end":8416.655}]},{"text":"Third, so long as the veto remains a part of Council decision-making, transparency and accountability are indispensable to its responsible use.","start":8417.873,"end":8425.635,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":8417.873,"end":8418.338},{"text":"so","start":8418.707,"end":8418.979},{"text":"long","start":8419.012,"end":8419.14},{"text":"as","start":8419.188,"end":8419.3},{"text":"the","start":8419.332,"end":8419.412},{"text":"veto","start":8419.412,"end":8419.669},{"text":"remains","start":8419.733,"end":8420.07},{"text":"a","start":8420.07,"end":8420.086},{"text":"part","start":8420.134,"end":8420.342},{"text":"of","start":8420.39,"end":8420.454},{"text":"Council","start":8420.454,"end":8420.855},{"text":"decision-making,","start":8420.855,"end":8421.544},{"text":"transparency","start":8421.961,"end":8422.667},{"text":"and","start":8422.779,"end":8422.843},{"text":"accountability","start":8422.859,"end":8423.548},{"text":"are","start":8423.548,"end":8423.741},{"text":"indispensable","start":8423.741,"end":8426.065},{"text":"to","start":8424.623,"end":8424.768},{"text":"its","start":8424.768,"end":8424.928},{"text":"responsible","start":8424.928,"end":8425.474},{"text":"use.","start":8425.49,"end":8425.635}]},{"text":"Australia welcomes the greater light that is shed on the veto and its consequences through this IGM process, through the veto initiative, and also through enhanced reporting.","start":8426.566,"end":8435.911,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"Australia","start":8426.566,"end":8427.015},{"text":"welcomes","start":8427.015,"end":8427.481},{"text":"the","start":8427.529,"end":8427.674},{"text":"greater","start":8427.674,"end":8428.059},{"text":"light","start":8428.075,"end":8428.477},{"text":"that","start":8428.477,"end":8428.637},{"text":"is","start":8428.637,"end":8428.669},{"text":"shed","start":8428.669,"end":8429.006},{"text":"on","start":8429.039,"end":8429.119},{"text":"the","start":8429.119,"end":8429.199},{"text":"veto","start":8429.199,"end":8429.536},{"text":"and","start":8429.841,"end":8429.906},{"text":"its","start":8429.938,"end":8430.147},{"text":"consequences","start":8430.147,"end":8430.853},{"text":"through","start":8430.965,"end":8431.174},{"text":"this","start":8431.206,"end":8431.319},{"text":"IGM","start":8431.511,"end":8431.913},{"text":"process,","start":8431.913,"end":8432.507},{"text":"through","start":8432.796,"end":8432.972},{"text":"the","start":8432.972,"end":8433.053},{"text":"veto","start":8433.053,"end":8433.422},{"text":"initiative,","start":8433.438,"end":8433.904},{"text":"and","start":8434.257,"end":8434.321},{"text":"also","start":8434.418,"end":8434.674},{"text":"through","start":8434.674,"end":8435.028},{"text":"enhanced","start":8435.06,"end":8435.477},{"text":"reporting.","start":8435.477,"end":8435.911}]},{"text":"Transparency, however, must be accompanied by meaningful follow-up.","start":8436.81,"end":8440.375,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."},{"key":"general-assembly-role","label":"Stronger General Assembly Role","description":"Several delegations urged a more active role for the General Assembly when the Security Council is blocked by a veto. They highlighted Assembly debates, emergency sessions, and follow-up action as ways to preserve accountability and sustain multilateral response."}],"words":[{"text":"Transparency,","start":8436.81,"end":8437.549},{"text":"however,","start":8437.613,"end":8438.03},{"text":"must","start":8438.127,"end":8438.432},{"text":"be","start":8438.432,"end":8438.56},{"text":"accompanied","start":8438.576,"end":8439.283},{"text":"by","start":8439.299,"end":8439.395},{"text":"meaningful","start":8439.395,"end":8439.78},{"text":"follow-up.","start":8439.861,"end":8440.375}]},{"text":"We therefore reiterate the call in the most recent General Assembly revitalization resolution for the PGA to identify concrete recommendations on how the General Assembly can respond following the casting of a veto.","start":8441.242,"end":8454.14,"topics":[{"key":"general-assembly-role","label":"Stronger General Assembly Role","description":"Several delegations urged a more active role for the General Assembly when the Security Council is blocked by a veto. They highlighted Assembly debates, emergency sessions, and follow-up action as ways to preserve accountability and sustain multilateral 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remains firmly committed to ensuring that the Security Council, the United Nations as a whole, are fit for purpose and faithful both to the letter and spirit of our Charter.","start":8455.9,"end":8466.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Australia","start":8455.9,"end":8456.109},{"text":"remains","start":8456.109,"end":8456.496},{"text":"firmly","start":8456.642,"end":8456.867},{"text":"committed","start":8456.964,"end":8457.432},{"text":"to","start":8457.61,"end":8457.706},{"text":"ensuring","start":8457.706,"end":8458.158},{"text":"that","start":8458.416,"end":8458.513},{"text":"the","start":8458.513,"end":8458.594},{"text":"Security","start":8458.594,"end":8459.078},{"text":"Council,","start":8459.078,"end":8459.449},{"text":"the","start":8459.965,"end":8460.029},{"text":"United","start":8460.029,"end":8460.513},{"text":"Nations","start":8460.513,"end":8460.9},{"text":"as","start":8460.933,"end":8460.981},{"text":"a","start":8461.013,"end":8461.046},{"text":"whole,","start":8461.078,"end":8461.288},{"text":"are","start":8461.917,"end":8462.03},{"text":"fit","start":8462.127,"end":8462.546},{"text":"for","start":8462.611,"end":8462.707},{"text":"purpose","start":8462.707,"end":8463.224},{"text":"and","start":8463.272,"end":8463.433},{"text":"faithful","start":8463.433,"end":8463.804},{"text":"both","start":8463.982,"end":8464.127},{"text":"to","start":8464.24,"end":8464.369},{"text":"the","start":8464.385,"end":8464.482},{"text":"letter","start":8464.482,"end":8464.853},{"text":"and","start":8464.885,"end":8464.95},{"text":"spirit","start":8464.966,"end":8465.482},{"text":"of","start":8465.595,"end":8465.676},{"text":"our","start":8465.676,"end":8465.772},{"text":"Charter.","start":8465.772,"end":8466.19}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":8466.656,"end":8467.041,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8466.656,"end":8466.881},{"text":"you.","start":8466.881,"end":8467.041}]},{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Australia, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":8468.969,"end":8484.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8468.969,"end":8469.018},{"text":"thank","start":8469.066,"end":8469.387},{"text":"the","start":8469.387,"end":8469.532},{"text":"distinguished","start":8469.532,"end":8469.982},{"text":"representative","start":8469.982,"end":8470.721},{"text":"of","start":8470.817,"end":8470.994},{"text":"Australia,","start":8470.994,"end":8471.733},{"text":"and","start":8472.135,"end":8472.504},{"text":"I","start":8472.504,"end":8472.601},{"text":"give","start":8472.601,"end":8472.825},{"text":"the","start":8472.825,"end":8472.986},{"text":"floor","start":8472.986,"end":8473.34},{"text":"to","start":8473.645,"end":8473.741},{"text":"the","start":8473.741,"end":8473.886},{"text":"distinguished","start":8473.886,"end":8474.529},{"text":"representative","start":8474.529,"end":8475.155},{"text":"of","start":8475.155,"end":8475.22},{"text":"Thank","start":8483.153,"end":8483.315},{"text":"you,","start":8483.315,"end":8483.395},{"text":"Mr.","start":8483.412,"end":8483.67},{"text":"Chair.","start":8483.718,"end":8484.17}]},{"text":"At the outset, allow me to express our sincere appreciation for your continued leadership","start":8484.831,"end":8490.108,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":8484.831,"end":8485.137},{"text":"the","start":8485.153,"end":8485.218},{"text":"outset,","start":8485.234,"end":8485.669},{"text":"allow","start":8485.718,"end":8485.911},{"text":"me","start":8485.911,"end":8486.057},{"text":"to","start":8486.057,"end":8486.202},{"text":"express","start":8486.202,"end":8486.589},{"text":"our","start":8486.766,"end":8486.879},{"text":"sincere","start":8486.879,"end":8487.38},{"text":"appreciation","start":8487.412,"end":8488.203},{"text":"for","start":8488.478,"end":8488.72},{"text":"your","start":8488.72,"end":8488.946},{"text":"continued","start":8488.946,"end":8489.527},{"text":"leadership","start":8489.527,"end":8490.108}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"AUS","affiliation_full":"Australia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":63,"start":8490.157,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=8491","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"and convening this dialogue on the question of the veto.","start":8490.157,"end":8494.596,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"and","start":8490.157,"end":8490.302},{"text":"convening","start":8490.802,"end":8491.19},{"text":"this","start":8492.094,"end":8492.272},{"text":"dialogue","start":8492.272,"end":8492.82},{"text":"on","start":8492.82,"end":8492.966},{"text":"the","start":8493.385,"end":8493.482},{"text":"question","start":8493.482,"end":8493.854},{"text":"of","start":8493.951,"end":8494.015},{"text":"the","start":8494.047,"end":8494.144},{"text":"veto.","start":8494.144,"end":8494.596}]},{"text":"Bulgaria aligns with the statement delivered by Liechtenstein","start":8495.258,"end":8499.547,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Bulgaria","start":8495.258,"end":8495.63},{"text":"aligns","start":8495.63,"end":8496.038},{"text":"with","start":8496.886,"end":8497.017},{"text":"the","start":8497.115,"end":8497.229},{"text":"statement","start":8497.229,"end":8497.784},{"text":"delivered","start":8497.784,"end":8498.339},{"text":"by","start":8498.339,"end":8498.47},{"text":"Liechtenstein","start":8498.829,"end":8499.547}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IGN","affiliation_full":"IGN","group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":64,"start":8499.58,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=8500","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"supporting the draft Resolution on the implementation of Article 27 of the UN Charter and would like to make the few points— a few points in national capacity.","start":8499.58,"end":8510.548,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"supporting","start":8499.58,"end":8500.2},{"text":"the","start":8500.232,"end":8500.379},{"text":"draft","start":8500.379,"end":8500.608},{"text":"Resolution","start":8501.294,"end":8501.904},{"text":"on","start":8502.001,"end":8502.065},{"text":"the","start":8502.097,"end":8502.177},{"text":"implementation","start":8502.177,"end":8503.061},{"text":"of","start":8503.061,"end":8503.157},{"text":"Article","start":8503.222,"end":8503.704},{"text":"27","start":8503.704,"end":8504.764},{"text":"of","start":8505.214,"end":8505.278},{"text":"the","start":8505.31,"end":8505.455},{"text":"UN","start":8505.455,"end":8505.68},{"text":"Charter","start":8505.776,"end":8506.274},{"text":"and","start":8506.274,"end":8506.483},{"text":"would","start":8506.579,"end":8506.692},{"text":"like","start":8507.061,"end":8507.318},{"text":"to","start":8507.318,"end":8507.415},{"text":"make","start":8507.415,"end":8507.688},{"text":"the","start":8507.72,"end":8507.752},{"text":"few","start":8507.8,"end":8508.009},{"text":"points—","start":8508.041,"end":8508.556},{"text":"a","start":8508.668,"end":8508.748},{"text":"few","start":8508.748,"end":8508.989},{"text":"points","start":8508.989,"end":8509.407},{"text":"in","start":8509.407,"end":8509.487},{"text":"national","start":8509.487,"end":8509.969},{"text":"capacity.","start":8509.969,"end":8510.548}]},{"text":"The implementation of the UN Charter provisions in their entirety is not optional.","start":8511.56,"end":8517.199,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8511.56,"end":8511.817},{"text":"implementation","start":8511.817,"end":8512.588},{"text":"of","start":8512.636,"end":8512.749},{"text":"the","start":8512.781,"end":8512.829},{"text":"UN","start":8512.829,"end":8513.151},{"text":"Charter","start":8513.584,"end":8514.115},{"text":"provisions","start":8514.131,"end":8514.757},{"text":"in","start":8515.095,"end":8515.239},{"text":"their","start":8515.352,"end":8515.48},{"text":"entirety","start":8515.496,"end":8516.219},{"text":"is","start":8516.219,"end":8516.283},{"text":"not","start":8516.396,"end":8516.637},{"text":"optional.","start":8516.637,"end":8517.199}]},{"text":"If pacta sunt servanda principle applies to all treaties, it applies with even greater relevance to UN Charter.","start":8517.922,"end":8524.75,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":8517.922,"end":8518.019},{"text":"pacta","start":8518.083,"end":8518.42},{"text":"sunt","start":8518.42,"end":8518.709},{"text":"servanda","start":8518.709,"end":8519.272},{"text":"principle","start":8519.272,"end":8519.85},{"text":"applies","start":8519.85,"end":8520.22},{"text":"to","start":8520.252,"end":8520.461},{"text":"all","start":8520.477,"end":8520.541},{"text":"treaties,","start":8520.573,"end":8520.975},{"text":"it","start":8521.119,"end":8521.232},{"text":"applies","start":8521.232,"end":8521.585},{"text":"with","start":8522.244,"end":8522.356},{"text":"even","start":8522.421,"end":8522.614},{"text":"greater","start":8522.662,"end":8523.063},{"text":"relevance","start":8523.063,"end":8523.706},{"text":"to","start":8523.77,"end":8523.883},{"text":"UN","start":8523.883,"end":8524.156},{"text":"Charter.","start":8524.252,"end":8524.75}]},{"text":"In the Pact for the Future, our most recent recent collective promise to make multilateralism deliver for all, we have recommitted to full implementation of the Charter, including Article 27.","start":8525.554,"end":8537.947,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8525.554,"end":8525.602},{"text":"the","start":8525.698,"end":8525.795},{"text":"Pact","start":8525.795,"end":8526.116},{"text":"for","start":8526.116,"end":8526.228},{"text":"the","start":8526.277,"end":8526.357},{"text":"Future,","start":8526.421,"end":8526.823},{"text":"our","start":8526.984,"end":8527.176},{"text":"most","start":8527.176,"end":8527.289},{"text":"recent","start":8527.289,"end":8527.433},{"text":"recent","start":8527.45,"end":8527.787},{"text":"collective","start":8527.787,"end":8528.301},{"text":"promise","start":8528.912,"end":8529.442},{"text":"to","start":8529.957,"end":8530.021},{"text":"make","start":8530.053,"end":8530.535},{"text":"multilateralism","start":8530.535,"end":8531.548},{"text":"deliver","start":8531.66,"end":8532.126},{"text":"for","start":8532.126,"end":8532.303},{"text":"all,","start":8532.303,"end":8532.512},{"text":"we","start":8533.026,"end":8533.171},{"text":"have","start":8533.171,"end":8533.428},{"text":"recommitted","start":8533.428,"end":8534.039},{"text":"to","start":8534.071,"end":8534.199},{"text":"full","start":8534.215,"end":8534.392},{"text":"implementation","start":8534.392,"end":8535.196},{"text":"of","start":8535.196,"end":8535.34},{"text":"the","start":8535.34,"end":8535.437},{"text":"Charter,","start":8535.437,"end":8535.855},{"text":"including","start":8535.903,"end":8536.369},{"text":"Article","start":8536.546,"end":8536.916},{"text":"27.","start":8536.964,"end":8537.947}]},{"text":"Bulgaria belongs to the core group proposing the draft resolution.","start":8540.025,"end":8543.794,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"Bulgaria","start":8540.025,"end":8540.734},{"text":"belongs","start":8540.734,"end":8541.201},{"text":"to","start":8541.233,"end":8541.33},{"text":"the","start":8541.378,"end":8541.475},{"text":"core","start":8541.539,"end":8541.781},{"text":"group","start":8541.781,"end":8542.119},{"text":"proposing","start":8542.119,"end":8542.731},{"text":"the","start":8542.763,"end":8542.908},{"text":"draft","start":8542.908,"end":8543.327},{"text":"resolution.","start":8543.327,"end":8543.794}]},{"text":"It seeks to foster a common understanding and to prompt discussions and achieve shared clarity on the scope of Article 27 for the benefit of the entire UN membership.","start":8544.33,"end":8556.336,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. 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Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8557.442,"end":8557.699},{"text":"draft","start":8557.779,"end":8558.164},{"text":"resolution","start":8558.164,"end":8558.709},{"text":"aims","start":8558.821,"end":8559.029},{"text":"at","start":8559.141,"end":8559.462},{"text":"uniform","start":8559.686,"end":8560.216},{"text":"and","start":8560.488,"end":8560.632},{"text":"non-selective","start":8560.664,"end":8561.45},{"text":"application","start":8561.45,"end":8562.107},{"text":"of","start":8562.107,"end":8562.203},{"text":"the","start":8562.251,"end":8562.348},{"text":"Charter.","start":8562.348,"end":8562.909}]},{"text":"It is not intended to limit in any way the right of veto, nor is it targeted to the permanent members of the Security Council.","start":8563.406,"end":8571.502,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8563.406,"end":8563.566},{"text":"is","start":8563.566,"end":8563.678},{"text":"not","start":8563.71,"end":8563.935},{"text":"intended","start":8563.935,"end":8564.4},{"text":"to","start":8564.512,"end":8564.656},{"text":"limit","start":8564.656,"end":8565.153},{"text":"in","start":8565.378,"end":8565.538},{"text":"any","start":8565.538,"end":8565.73},{"text":"way","start":8565.778,"end":8566.019},{"text":"the","start":8566.019,"end":8566.115},{"text":"right","start":8566.115,"end":8566.5},{"text":"of","start":8566.5,"end":8566.564},{"text":"veto,","start":8566.596,"end":8567.077},{"text":"nor","start":8567.478,"end":8567.814},{"text":"is","start":8567.814,"end":8567.894},{"text":"it","start":8567.894,"end":8568.023},{"text":"targeted","start":8568.023,"end":8568.536},{"text":"to","start":8568.536,"end":8568.648},{"text":"the","start":8568.68,"end":8568.824},{"text":"permanent","start":8568.824,"end":8569.482},{"text":"members","start":8569.658,"end":8570.091},{"text":"of","start":8570.219,"end":8570.331},{"text":"the","start":8570.363,"end":8570.443},{"text":"Security","start":8570.443,"end":8571.005},{"text":"Council.","start":8571.005,"end":8571.502}]},{"text":"An abstention on a resolution under Article 27 does not guarantee its adoption and the provision of the article applies to any member of the Security Council.","start":8572.287,"end":8584.005,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. 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Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"Advancing","start":8676.048,"end":8676.437},{"text":"towards","start":8677.357,"end":8677.889},{"text":"text-based","start":8678.163,"end":8679.114},{"text":"intergovernmental","start":8679.517,"end":8680.58},{"text":"negotiations","start":8680.58,"end":8681.515},{"text":"could","start":8682.111,"end":8682.24},{"text":"be","start":8682.353,"end":8682.514},{"text":"essential","start":8682.514,"end":8683.288},{"text":"to","start":8683.304,"end":8683.401},{"text":"move","start":8683.401,"end":8683.659},{"text":"the","start":8683.707,"end":8683.804},{"text":"process","start":8683.804,"end":8684.368},{"text":"forward","start":8684.432,"end":8684.9},{"text":"in","start":8685.373,"end":8685.422},{"text":"a","start":8685.518,"end":8685.535},{"text":"structured,","start":8685.535,"end":8686.485},{"text":"transparent,","start":8686.566,"end":8687.468},{"text":"result-oriented","start":8687.533,"end":8688.645},{"text":"manner.","start":8688.661,"end":8688.999}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":8689.563,"end":8690.111,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8689.563,"end":8689.595},{"text":"thank","start":8689.644,"end":8689.966},{"text":"you.","start":8689.966,"end":8690.111}]},{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Bulgaria and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Lithuania.","start":8691.636,"end":8698.172,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8691.636,"end":8691.716},{"text":"thank","start":8691.716,"end":8692.039},{"text":"the","start":8692.039,"end":8692.136},{"text":"distinguished","start":8692.136,"end":8692.62},{"text":"representative","start":8692.62,"end":8693.443},{"text":"of","start":8693.443,"end":8693.637},{"text":"Bulgaria","start":8693.669,"end":8694.379},{"text":"and","start":8694.718,"end":8694.783},{"text":"I","start":8694.783,"end":8694.88},{"text":"give","start":8694.88,"end":8695.106},{"text":"the","start":8695.106,"end":8695.186},{"text":"floor","start":8695.186,"end":8695.396},{"text":"to","start":8695.59,"end":8695.687},{"text":"the","start":8695.687,"end":8695.848},{"text":"distinguished","start":8695.848,"end":8696.429},{"text":"representative","start":8696.429,"end":8697.317},{"text":"of","start":8697.317,"end":8697.543},{"text":"Lithuania.","start":8697.543,"end":8698.172}]},{"text":"Honourable Kochias, thank you for convening this session dedicated to the discussion on the question","start":8702.276,"end":8708.814,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"Honourable","start":8702.276,"end":8702.501},{"text":"Kochias,","start":8702.533,"end":8702.984},{"text":"thank","start":8704.224,"end":8704.401},{"text":"you","start":8704.401,"end":8704.482},{"text":"for","start":8704.482,"end":8704.627},{"text":"convening","start":8704.627,"end":8704.997},{"text":"this","start":8705.094,"end":8705.19},{"text":"session","start":8705.19,"end":8705.641},{"text":"dedicated","start":8705.834,"end":8706.43},{"text":"to","start":8706.543,"end":8706.64},{"text":"the","start":8706.64,"end":8706.881},{"text":"discussion","start":8706.881,"end":8707.493},{"text":"on","start":8708.234,"end":8708.266},{"text":"the","start":8708.266,"end":8708.395},{"text":"question","start":8708.395,"end":8708.814}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"BGR","affiliation_full":"Bulgaria","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":65,"start":8709.232,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=8710","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"of veto with a particular focus on Article 27 of the UN Charter regarding the stipulation that a party to a dispute shall abstain","start":8709.232,"end":8719.198,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"of","start":8709.232,"end":8709.377},{"text":"veto","start":8709.377,"end":8709.699},{"text":"with","start":8710.343,"end":8710.504},{"text":"a","start":8710.504,"end":8710.537},{"text":"particular","start":8710.585,"end":8710.988},{"text":"focus","start":8710.988,"end":8711.342},{"text":"on","start":8711.455,"end":8711.519},{"text":"Article","start":8711.6,"end":8711.902},{"text":"27","start":8711.902,"end":8712.977},{"text":"of","start":8713.486,"end":8713.567},{"text":"the","start":8713.583,"end":8713.743},{"text":"UN","start":8713.743,"end":8713.936},{"text":"Charter","start":8714.048,"end":8714.513},{"text":"regarding","start":8714.69,"end":8715.091},{"text":"the","start":8715.187,"end":8715.363},{"text":"stipulation","start":8715.363,"end":8716.037},{"text":"that","start":8716.23,"end":8716.519},{"text":"a","start":8717.016,"end":8717.112},{"text":"party","start":8717.112,"end":8717.513},{"text":"to","start":8717.513,"end":8717.738},{"text":"a","start":8717.738,"end":8717.754},{"text":"dispute","start":8717.834,"end":8718.412},{"text":"shall","start":8718.476,"end":8718.7},{"text":"abstain","start":8718.781,"end":8719.198}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IGN","affiliation_full":"IGN","group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":66,"start":8719.198,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=8720","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"from voting.","start":8719.198,"end":8719.807,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"from","start":8719.198,"end":8719.39},{"text":"voting.","start":8719.519,"end":8719.807}]},{"text":"Lithuania strongly believes that the question of the veto is among the essential issues of Security Council reform.","start":8721.187,"end":8730.3,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Lithuania","start":8721.187,"end":8721.861},{"text":"strongly","start":8721.861,"end":8722.487},{"text":"believes","start":8722.487,"end":8722.856},{"text":"that","start":8723.128,"end":8723.289},{"text":"the","start":8723.289,"end":8723.449},{"text":"question","start":8723.449,"end":8723.866},{"text":"of","start":8723.866,"end":8723.979},{"text":"the","start":8724.011,"end":8724.091},{"text":"veto","start":8724.091,"end":8724.508},{"text":"is","start":8724.973,"end":8725.102},{"text":"among","start":8725.214,"end":8725.503},{"text":"the","start":8726.578,"end":8726.898},{"text":"essential","start":8727.299,"end":8728.005},{"text":"issues","start":8728.102,"end":8728.39},{"text":"of","start":8728.888,"end":8728.952},{"text":"Security","start":8728.968,"end":8729.449},{"text":"Council","start":8729.449,"end":8729.866},{"text":"reform.","start":8729.866,"end":8730.3}]},{"text":"The recent increase in the use of the veto is inhibiting the Security Council capacity to carry out its primary responsibility of maintaining international peace and security, as is reflected in the UN Charter.","start":8731.07,"end":8744.534,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. 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The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"Lithuania","start":8803.23,"end":8803.489},{"text":"remains","start":8803.489,"end":8803.878},{"text":"a","start":8804.007,"end":8804.072},{"text":"steadfast","start":8804.072,"end":8804.623},{"text":"supporter","start":8804.623,"end":8805.255},{"text":"of","start":8805.838,"end":8805.984},{"text":"efforts","start":8806.081,"end":8806.373},{"text":"to","start":8806.827,"end":8806.924},{"text":"limit","start":8806.924,"end":8807.232},{"text":"the","start":8807.232,"end":8807.378},{"text":"use","start":8807.378,"end":8807.637},{"text":"of","start":8807.637,"end":8807.767},{"text":"the","start":8807.799,"end":8807.945},{"text":"veto,","start":8807.945,"end":8808.366},{"text":"particularly","start":8808.852,"end":8809.468},{"text":"in","start":8809.825,"end":8809.922},{"text":"situations","start":8809.922,"end":8810.602},{"text":"of","start":8811.105,"end":8811.17},{"text":"mass","start":8811.17,"end":8811.445},{"text":"atrocity,","start":8811.445,"end":8812.094},{"text":"and","start":8812.807,"end":8812.888},{"text":"encourages","start":8812.888,"end":8813.326},{"text":"all","start":8813.537,"end":8813.569},{"text":"member","start":8813.569,"end":8813.893},{"text":"states","start":8813.893,"end":8814.25},{"text":"to","start":8814.591,"end":8814.769},{"text":"commit","start":8814.769,"end":8815.223},{"text":"to","start":8815.336,"end":8815.466},{"text":"the","start":8815.482,"end":8815.58},{"text":"accountability,","start":8815.661,"end":8816.52},{"text":"coherence,","start":8816.698,"end":8817.201},{"text":"Transparency","start":8817.697,"end":8818.358},{"text":"Code","start":8818.423,"end":8818.665},{"text":"of","start":8818.665,"end":8818.761},{"text":"Conduct,","start":8818.761,"end":8819.229},{"text":"and","start":8819.793,"end":8819.89},{"text":"the","start":8819.89,"end":8819.97},{"text":"French-Mexican","start":8819.97,"end":8820.905},{"text":"initiative.","start":8821.276,"end":8821.76}]},{"text":"We also appreciate and thank Liechtenstein for its leadership in enhancing transparency and accountability regarding the use of the veto.","start":8824.242,"end":8832.338,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. 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stands ready to join in the consultative process based on the proposed text, which we can broadly 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Ecuador.","start":8890.079,"end":8897.598,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8890.079,"end":8890.127},{"text":"thank","start":8890.241,"end":8890.564},{"text":"the","start":8890.564,"end":8890.661},{"text":"distinguished","start":8890.661,"end":8891.13},{"text":"representative","start":8891.13,"end":8891.955},{"text":"of","start":8891.955,"end":8892.068},{"text":"Lithuania,","start":8892.068,"end":8893.07},{"text":"and","start":8893.895,"end":8893.96},{"text":"I","start":8894.041,"end":8894.121},{"text":"give","start":8894.138,"end":8894.364},{"text":"the","start":8894.364,"end":8894.412},{"text":"I","start":8894.644,"end":8894.677},{"text":"now","start":8894.726,"end":8894.808},{"text":"give","start":8894.808,"end":8894.858},{"text":"the","start":8894.891,"end":8894.956},{"text":"floor","start":8894.956,"end":8895.202},{"text":"to","start":8895.202,"end":8895.284},{"text":"the","start":8895.301,"end":8895.383},{"text":"distinguished","start":8895.465,"end":8895.924},{"text":"representative","start":8895.941,"end":8896.86},{"text":"of","start":8896.86,"end":8897.04},{"text":"Ecuador.","start":8897.09,"end":8897.598}]},{"text":"I thank you, Co-Chair.","start":8901.062,"end":8902.929,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8901.062,"end":8901.142},{"text":"thank","start":8901.142,"end":8901.609},{"text":"you,","start":8901.609,"end":8901.851},{"text":"Co-Chair.","start":8902.334,"end":8902.929}]},{"text":"Given time constraints, I will focus on 3 points.","start":8903.718,"end":8906.938,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Given","start":8903.718,"end":8903.992},{"text":"time","start":8904.604,"end":8904.813},{"text":"constraints,","start":8904.91,"end":8905.457},{"text":"I","start":8905.489,"end":8905.554},{"text":"will","start":8905.554,"end":8905.634},{"text":"focus","start":8905.715,"end":8906.053},{"text":"on","start":8906.053,"end":8906.198},{"text":"3","start":8906.198,"end":8906.455},{"text":"points.","start":8906.455,"end":8906.938}]},{"text":"My first point, I wish to 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They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8981.578,"end":8981.642},{"text":"the","start":8981.658,"end":8981.755},{"text":"San","start":8981.755,"end":8981.979},{"text":"Francisco","start":8981.979,"end":8982.461},{"text":"Conference,","start":8982.461,"end":8982.943},{"text":"like","start":8983.007,"end":8983.184},{"text":"many","start":8983.184,"end":8983.409},{"text":"other","start":8983.489,"end":8983.634},{"text":"countries,","start":8983.73,"end":8984.035},{"text":"Ecuador","start":8984.148,"end":8984.565},{"text":"did","start":8984.565,"end":8984.854},{"text":"not","start":8984.854,"end":8985.063},{"text":"vote","start":8985.175,"end":8985.432},{"text":"in","start":8985.432,"end":8985.593},{"text":"favor","start":8985.593,"end":8986.139},{"text":"of","start":8986.219,"end":8986.284},{"text":"having","start":8986.3,"end":8986.525},{"text":"a","start":8986.573,"end":8986.605},{"text":"veto","start":8986.637,"end":8987.006},{"text":"in","start":8987.038,"end":8987.087},{"text":"the","start":8987.183,"end":8987.279},{"text":"Charter","start":8987.279,"end":8987.745},{"text":"because","start":8987.745,"end":8988.05},{"text":"we","start":8988.082,"end":8988.307},{"text":"were","start":8988.307,"end":8988.355},{"text":"of","start":8988.484,"end":8988.612},{"text":"the","start":8988.628,"end":8988.725},{"text":"view","start":8988.725,"end":8988.982},{"text":"that","start":8989.287,"end":8989.56},{"text":"the","start":8989.849,"end":8989.913},{"text":"veto","start":8989.929,"end":8990.315},{"text":"violated","start":8990.331,"end":8990.989},{"text":"the","start":8991.294,"end":8991.455},{"text":"principle","start":8991.455,"end":8991.824},{"text":"of","start":8991.857,"end":8991.937},{"text":"the","start":8991.937,"end":8992.017},{"text":"sovereign","start":8992.017,"end":8992.354},{"text":"equality","start":8992.354,"end":8992.868},{"text":"of","start":8992.884,"end":8992.949},{"text":"states.","start":8992.965,"end":8993.527}]},{"text":"This has been an ongoing tenet of Ecuador's foreign policy.","start":8993.944,"end":8999.132,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8993.944,"end":8994.298},{"text":"has","start":8994.33,"end":8994.474},{"text":"been","start":8994.651,"end":8994.876},{"text":"an","start":8995.454,"end":8995.92},{"text":"ongoing","start":8996.016,"end":8996.482},{"text":"tenet","start":8996.675,"end":8997.157},{"text":"of","start":8997.381,"end":8997.526},{"text":"Ecuador's","start":8997.638,"end":8998.12},{"text":"foreign","start":8998.12,"end":8998.409},{"text":"policy.","start":8998.506,"end":8999.132}]},{"text":"We continue to be of that view, and none of the arguments put forward to expand the veto power can do anything other than undermining that principle of states' sovereign equality.","start":8999.887,"end":9012.366,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. 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Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":9014.546,"end":9014.803},{"text":"we","start":9014.803,"end":9014.947},{"text":"agree","start":9015.043,"end":9015.46},{"text":"on","start":9015.764,"end":9015.813},{"text":"a","start":9015.909,"end":9015.989},{"text":"comprehensive","start":9015.989,"end":9016.742},{"text":"reform,","start":9016.742,"end":9017.271},{"text":"we","start":9017.528,"end":9017.688},{"text":"can","start":9017.752,"end":9017.977},{"text":"and","start":9018.025,"end":9018.169},{"text":"must","start":9018.169,"end":9018.49},{"text":"take","start":9018.49,"end":9018.714},{"text":"concrete","start":9018.73,"end":9019.131},{"text":"steps","start":9019.131,"end":9019.451},{"text":"forward","start":9019.451,"end":9019.82},{"text":"to","start":9019.852,"end":9019.98},{"text":"ensure","start":9020.013,"end":9020.59},{"text":"that","start":9020.59,"end":9020.846},{"text":"the","start":9020.974,"end":9021.135},{"text":"practices","start":9021.135,"end":9021.632},{"text":"and","start":9021.632,"end":9021.696},{"text":"procedures","start":9021.696,"end":9022.177},{"text":"within","start":9022.177,"end":9022.417},{"text":"the","start":9022.417,"end":9022.497},{"text":"Security","start":9022.497,"end":9022.866},{"text":"Council","start":9022.898,"end":9023.187},{"text":"are","start":9023.363,"end":9023.395},{"text":"more","start":9023.395,"end":9023.7},{"text":"democratic.","start":9023.7,"end":9024.437}]},{"text":"As such, we are— we can see the merit in the Franco-Mexican initiative in terms of restricting the use of veto in the case of mass atrocities, and see merit in the ACT Code of Conduct so that the Security Council can respond in case of genocide and crimes against humanity.","start":9024.966,"end":9040.668,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. 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be flexible.","start":9076.953,"end":9080.431,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Specific","start":9076.953,"end":9077.514},{"text":"countries","start":9077.578,"end":9077.947},{"text":"or","start":9078.043,"end":9078.075},{"text":"certain","start":9078.075,"end":9078.428},{"text":"groups","start":9078.444,"end":9078.652},{"text":"should","start":9078.652,"end":9078.844},{"text":"not","start":9078.844,"end":9078.973},{"text":"be","start":9079.005,"end":9079.085},{"text":"the","start":9079.085,"end":9079.213},{"text":"only","start":9079.325,"end":9079.469},{"text":"ones","start":9079.566,"end":9079.71},{"text":"to","start":9079.806,"end":9079.838},{"text":"be","start":9079.838,"end":9079.934},{"text":"flexible.","start":9079.966,"end":9080.431}]},{"text":"Ecuador will continue to work constructively, independently, and with a pragmatic focus rooted in 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Latvia.","start":9088.784,"end":9096.064,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9088.784,"end":9088.864},{"text":"thank","start":9088.864,"end":9089.265},{"text":"the","start":9089.265,"end":9089.361},{"text":"distinguished","start":9089.361,"end":9089.906},{"text":"representative","start":9089.906,"end":9090.628},{"text":"of","start":9090.724,"end":9090.788},{"text":"Ecuador,","start":9090.949,"end":9091.702},{"text":"and","start":9092.328,"end":9092.392},{"text":"I","start":9092.472,"end":9092.568},{"text":"give","start":9092.568,"end":9092.793},{"text":"the","start":9092.793,"end":9092.889},{"text":"floor","start":9092.889,"end":9093.306},{"text":"to","start":9093.707,"end":9093.835},{"text":"the","start":9093.835,"end":9093.931},{"text":"distinguished","start":9093.931,"end":9094.429},{"text":"representative","start":9094.493,"end":9095.262},{"text":"of","start":9095.311,"end":9095.503},{"text":"Latvia.","start":9095.599,"end":9096.064}]},{"text":"Thank 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The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":9099.304,"end":9099.769},{"text":"co-chairs,","start":9099.769,"end":9100.234},{"text":"the","start":9100.891,"end":9100.971},{"text":"credibility","start":9100.971,"end":9101.549},{"text":"of","start":9101.549,"end":9101.613},{"text":"Security","start":9101.629,"end":9102.11},{"text":"Council","start":9102.11,"end":9102.687},{"text":"and","start":9103.072,"end":9103.136},{"text":"of","start":9103.217,"end":9103.265},{"text":"the","start":9103.313,"end":9103.393},{"text":"multilateral","start":9103.393,"end":9104.018},{"text":"system","start":9104.035,"end":9104.403},{"text":"as","start":9104.451,"end":9104.532},{"text":"a","start":9104.532,"end":9104.596},{"text":"whole","start":9104.596,"end":9104.884},{"text":"depends","start":9105.558,"end":9105.959}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"ECU","affiliation_full":"Ecuador","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":69,"start":9106.264,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=9107","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"on our ability to make tangible progress, in particular on the question of the veto.","start":9106.264,"end":9111.395,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"on","start":9106.264,"end":9106.344},{"text":"our","start":9106.344,"end":9106.456},{"text":"ability","start":9106.504,"end":9107.049},{"text":"to","start":9107.242,"end":9107.322},{"text":"make","start":9107.322,"end":9107.498},{"text":"tangible","start":9107.627,"end":9108.028},{"text":"progress,","start":9108.108,"end":9108.637},{"text":"in","start":9108.926,"end":9108.974},{"text":"particular","start":9109.07,"end":9109.615},{"text":"on","start":9109.888,"end":9109.936},{"text":"the","start":9109.984,"end":9110.128},{"text":"question","start":9110.128,"end":9110.481},{"text":"of","start":9110.834,"end":9110.898},{"text":"the","start":9110.93,"end":9111.075},{"text":"veto.","start":9111.075,"end":9111.395}]},{"text":"In this context, I would like to make the following","start":9112.776,"end":9115.217,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9112.776,"end":9112.824},{"text":"this","start":9112.856,"end":9113.017},{"text":"context,","start":9113.017,"end":9113.595},{"text":"I","start":9113.804,"end":9113.852},{"text":"would","start":9113.884,"end":9114.045},{"text":"like","start":9114.045,"end":9114.237},{"text":"to","start":9114.237,"end":9114.334},{"text":"make","start":9114.334,"end":9114.623},{"text":"the","start":9114.623,"end":9114.864},{"text":"following","start":9114.864,"end":9115.217}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IGN","affiliation_full":"IGN","group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":70,"start":9115.217,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=9116","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"3 points.","start":9115.217,"end":9115.779,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"3","start":9115.217,"end":9115.345},{"text":"points.","start":9115.345,"end":9115.779}]},{"text":"First, the use of the veto must be in line with the responsibilities entrusted to the Security Council and its permanent members.","start":9116.71,"end":9125.91,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":9116.71,"end":9117.111},{"text":"the","start":9117.914,"end":9117.995},{"text":"use","start":9118.059,"end":9118.3},{"text":"of","start":9118.3,"end":9118.364},{"text":"the","start":9118.396,"end":9118.492},{"text":"veto","start":9118.492,"end":9118.894},{"text":"must","start":9119.44,"end":9119.68},{"text":"be","start":9119.68,"end":9119.825},{"text":"in","start":9119.825,"end":9119.873},{"text":"line","start":9119.921,"end":9120.291},{"text":"with","start":9120.403,"end":9120.548},{"text":"the","start":9120.548,"end":9120.628},{"text":"responsibilities","start":9120.628,"end":9121.495},{"text":"entrusted","start":9121.768,"end":9122.346},{"text":"to","start":9122.346,"end":9122.394},{"text":"the","start":9122.394,"end":9122.49},{"text":"Security","start":9122.49,"end":9122.972},{"text":"Council","start":9123.036,"end":9123.55},{"text":"and","start":9123.679,"end":9123.903},{"text":"its","start":9124.899,"end":9125.059},{"text":"permanent","start":9125.059,"end":9125.557},{"text":"members.","start":9125.557,"end":9125.91}]},{"text":"The Council bears the primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, and the veto has never intended to obstruct that Is thus an essential element of the Council's duty under the Charter.","start":9127.211,"end":9167.369,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9127.211,"end":9127.291},{"text":"Council","start":9127.291,"end":9127.757},{"text":"bears","start":9127.869,"end":9128.158},{"text":"the","start":9128.19,"end":9128.335},{"text":"primary","start":9128.431,"end":9128.849},{"text":"responsibility","start":9128.849,"end":9129.684},{"text":"for","start":9129.716,"end":9129.86},{"text":"the","start":9129.86,"end":9129.941},{"text":"maintenance","start":9129.941,"end":9130.519},{"text":"of","start":9130.519,"end":9130.615},{"text":"international","start":9130.615,"end":9131.305},{"text":"peace","start":9131.322,"end":9131.53},{"text":"and","start":9131.803,"end":9131.867},{"text":"security,","start":9131.9,"end":9132.526},{"text":"and","start":9133.329,"end":9133.393},{"text":"the","start":9133.409,"end":9133.553},{"text":"veto","start":9133.553,"end":9133.907},{"text":"has","start":9134.356,"end":9134.501},{"text":"never","start":9134.677,"end":9135.031},{"text":"intended","start":9135.095,"end":9135.593},{"text":"to","start":9135.721,"end":9135.833},{"text":"obstruct","start":9135.882,"end":9136.588},{"text":"that","start":9136.684,"end":9136.909},{"text":"Is","start":9162.738,"end":9162.85},{"text":"thus","start":9162.946,"end":9163.154},{"text":"an","start":9163.843,"end":9163.891},{"text":"essential","start":9163.94,"end":9164.372},{"text":"element","start":9164.484,"end":9164.981},{"text":"of","start":9165.205,"end":9165.254},{"text":"the","start":9165.286,"end":9165.43},{"text":"Council's","start":9165.43,"end":9165.846},{"text":"duty","start":9165.846,"end":9166.215},{"text":"under","start":9166.712,"end":9166.952},{"text":"the","start":9166.952,"end":9167.048},{"text":"Charter.","start":9167.048,"end":9167.369}]},{"text":"Second, greater transparency and accountability of the use of the veto are essential to strengthening trust in the Security Council's work.","start":9168.747,"end":9178.81,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":9168.747,"end":9169.26},{"text":"greater","start":9170.478,"end":9170.814},{"text":"transparency","start":9170.814,"end":9171.583},{"text":"and","start":9171.84,"end":9171.904},{"text":"accountability","start":9172.016,"end":9172.785},{"text":"of","start":9172.897,"end":9172.993},{"text":"the","start":9173.042,"end":9173.138},{"text":"use","start":9173.202,"end":9173.458},{"text":"of","start":9173.522,"end":9173.586},{"text":"the","start":9173.618,"end":9173.763},{"text":"veto","start":9173.763,"end":9174.163},{"text":"are","start":9174.564,"end":9174.612},{"text":"essential","start":9174.82,"end":9175.365},{"text":"to","start":9175.638,"end":9175.766},{"text":"strengthening","start":9175.766,"end":9176.311},{"text":"trust","start":9176.487,"end":9177},{"text":"in","start":9177.224,"end":9177.272},{"text":"the","start":9177.288,"end":9177.32},{"text":"Security","start":9177.32,"end":9177.865},{"text":"Council's","start":9177.865,"end":9178.378},{"text":"work.","start":9178.506,"end":9178.81}]},{"text":"Improving Council's working methods remains an important and achievable dimension of the reform.","start":9180.269,"end":9185.477,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Improving","start":9180.269,"end":9180.637},{"text":"Council's","start":9180.749,"end":9181.15},{"text":"working","start":9181.15,"end":9181.519},{"text":"methods","start":9181.535,"end":9181.887},{"text":"remains","start":9182.432,"end":9182.801},{"text":"an","start":9182.833,"end":9182.881},{"text":"important","start":9182.977,"end":9183.618},{"text":"and","start":9183.634,"end":9183.698},{"text":"achievable","start":9183.778,"end":9184.339},{"text":"dimension","start":9184.339,"end":9184.836},{"text":"of","start":9184.836,"end":9184.932},{"text":"the","start":9184.932,"end":9185.06},{"text":"reform.","start":9185.06,"end":9185.477}]},{"text":"Transparency, inclusivity, and predictability strengthen both the effectiveness and the credibility of the Council.","start":9186.662,"end":9193.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Transparency,","start":9186.662,"end":9187.368},{"text":"inclusivity,","start":9187.8,"end":9188.489},{"text":"and","start":9188.842,"end":9188.907},{"text":"predictability","start":9188.987,"end":9189.774},{"text":"strengthen","start":9189.903,"end":9190.417},{"text":"both","start":9190.449,"end":9190.738},{"text":"the","start":9191.092,"end":9191.14},{"text":"effectiveness","start":9191.156,"end":9191.847},{"text":"and","start":9192.136,"end":9192.201},{"text":"the","start":9192.217,"end":9192.361},{"text":"credibility","start":9192.361,"end":9192.86},{"text":"of","start":9192.86,"end":9193.004},{"text":"the","start":9193.004,"end":9193.084},{"text":"Council.","start":9193.084,"end":9193.47}]},{"text":"In particular, enhanced transparency around decision-making, including the use of the veto, together with the meaningful participation of affected States under Rule 37, brings the Council closer to the wider UN membership.","start":9194.611,"end":9209.282,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9194.611,"end":9194.707},{"text":"particular,","start":9194.707,"end":9195.35},{"text":"enhanced","start":9195.913,"end":9196.379},{"text":"transparency","start":9196.379,"end":9197.005},{"text":"around","start":9197.118,"end":9197.343},{"text":"decision-making,","start":9197.343,"end":9198.21},{"text":"including","start":9198.885,"end":9199.335},{"text":"the","start":9199.448,"end":9199.592},{"text":"use","start":9199.608,"end":9199.914},{"text":"of","start":9199.994,"end":9200.058},{"text":"the","start":9200.09,"end":9200.171},{"text":"veto,","start":9200.171,"end":9200.573},{"text":"together","start":9200.99,"end":9201.424},{"text":"with","start":9201.456,"end":9201.601},{"text":"the","start":9201.601,"end":9201.697},{"text":"meaningful","start":9201.938,"end":9202.404},{"text":"participation","start":9202.42,"end":9203.192},{"text":"of","start":9203.385,"end":9203.481},{"text":"affected","start":9203.481,"end":9203.851},{"text":"States","start":9203.851,"end":9204.3},{"text":"under","start":9204.574,"end":9204.815},{"text":"Rule","start":9204.815,"end":9204.975},{"text":"37,","start":9205.168,"end":9205.763},{"text":"brings","start":9206.502,"end":9206.743},{"text":"the","start":9206.743,"end":9206.839},{"text":"Council","start":9206.839,"end":9207.225},{"text":"closer","start":9207.225,"end":9207.675},{"text":"to","start":9207.739,"end":9207.852},{"text":"the","start":9207.868,"end":9207.932},{"text":"wider","start":9208.028,"end":9208.43},{"text":"UN","start":9208.51,"end":9208.719},{"text":"membership.","start":9208.832,"end":9209.282}]},{"text":"In this regard, initiatives aimed at enhancing accountability, for the use of the veto play a vital contribution to greater transparency and responsibility.","start":9210.374,"end":9220.589,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9210.374,"end":9210.423},{"text":"this","start":9210.535,"end":9210.696},{"text":"regard,","start":9210.696,"end":9211.178},{"text":"initiatives","start":9211.483,"end":9212.062},{"text":"aimed","start":9212.287,"end":9212.544},{"text":"at","start":9212.544,"end":9212.753},{"text":"enhancing","start":9212.785,"end":9213.379},{"text":"accountability,","start":9213.508,"end":9214.279},{"text":"for","start":9214.697,"end":9214.873},{"text":"the","start":9214.873,"end":9215.018},{"text":"use","start":9215.018,"end":9215.339},{"text":"of","start":9215.355,"end":9215.451},{"text":"the","start":9215.451,"end":9215.58},{"text":"veto","start":9215.596,"end":9215.901},{"text":"play","start":9216.238,"end":9216.447},{"text":"a","start":9216.463,"end":9216.479},{"text":"vital","start":9216.479,"end":9217.009},{"text":"contribution","start":9217.041,"end":9217.571},{"text":"to","start":9218.004,"end":9218.085},{"text":"greater","start":9218.149,"end":9218.566},{"text":"transparency","start":9218.566,"end":9219.289},{"text":"and","start":9219.674,"end":9219.738},{"text":"responsibility.","start":9219.771,"end":9220.589}]},{"text":"Third, the UN Charter already provides binding legal limits on Council decision-making, which must be respected and applied.","start":9221.874,"end":9231.139,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":9221.874,"end":9222.147},{"text":"the","start":9223.142,"end":9223.223},{"text":"UN","start":9223.223,"end":9223.415},{"text":"Charter","start":9223.464,"end":9223.945},{"text":"already","start":9224.572,"end":9224.796},{"text":"provides","start":9224.893,"end":9225.439},{"text":"binding","start":9225.615,"end":9225.984},{"text":"legal","start":9226.177,"end":9226.514},{"text":"limits","start":9226.514,"end":9227.012},{"text":"on","start":9227.237,"end":9227.285},{"text":"Council","start":9227.381,"end":9227.686},{"text":"decision-making,","start":9227.799,"end":9228.554},{"text":"which","start":9229.003,"end":9229.132},{"text":"must","start":9229.228,"end":9229.405},{"text":"be","start":9229.405,"end":9229.565},{"text":"respected","start":9229.565,"end":9230.095},{"text":"and","start":9230.448,"end":9230.512},{"text":"applied.","start":9230.625,"end":9231.139}]},{"text":"Article 27 of the Charter clearly states that a party to a dispute shall abstain from voting.","start":9232.359,"end":9239.006,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"Article","start":9232.359,"end":9232.744},{"text":"27","start":9232.776,"end":9233.756},{"text":"of","start":9233.981,"end":9234.077},{"text":"the","start":9234.077,"end":9234.222},{"text":"Charter","start":9234.222,"end":9234.719},{"text":"clearly","start":9234.784,"end":9235.153},{"text":"states","start":9235.185,"end":9235.827},{"text":"that","start":9235.907,"end":9236.084},{"text":"a","start":9236.084,"end":9236.213},{"text":"party","start":9236.213,"end":9236.598},{"text":"to","start":9236.614,"end":9236.678},{"text":"a","start":9236.694,"end":9236.726},{"text":"dispute","start":9236.726,"end":9237.288},{"text":"shall","start":9237.497,"end":9237.658},{"text":"abstain","start":9237.834,"end":9238.3},{"text":"from","start":9238.412,"end":9238.605},{"text":"voting.","start":9238.717,"end":9239.006}]},{"text":"Yet this provision has hardly ever been applied.","start":9239.89,"end":9243.209,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. 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text-based negotiations.","start":9280.322,"end":9288.647,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"What","start":9280.322,"end":9280.434},{"text":"is","start":9280.434,"end":9280.547},{"text":"needed","start":9280.579,"end":9280.867},{"text":"now","start":9280.883,"end":9281.076},{"text":"is","start":9281.798,"end":9281.91},{"text":"renewed","start":9281.942,"end":9282.439},{"text":"urgency","start":9282.648,"end":9283.193},{"text":"and","start":9283.626,"end":9283.69},{"text":"political","start":9283.787,"end":9284.22},{"text":"will","start":9284.332,"end":9284.46},{"text":"to","start":9285.006,"end":9285.118},{"text":"move","start":9285.118,"end":9285.327},{"text":"from","start":9285.567,"end":9285.744},{"text":"positions","start":9285.872,"end":9286.401},{"text":"to","start":9286.61,"end":9286.738},{"text":"text-based","start":9286.834,"end":9287.813},{"text":"negotiations.","start":9287.861,"end":9288.647}]},{"text":"Latvia remains committed to engaging constructively with all Member States States to advance a reform that is comprehensive, balanced, and firmly anchored in the UN 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thank you.","start":9300.816,"end":9301.234,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9300.816,"end":9300.848},{"text":"thank","start":9300.896,"end":9301.138},{"text":"you.","start":9301.138,"end":9301.234}]},{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Latvia, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Nigeria.","start":9302.476,"end":9308.795,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9302.476,"end":9302.524},{"text":"thank","start":9302.573,"end":9302.881},{"text":"the","start":9302.881,"end":9302.978},{"text":"distinguished","start":9302.978,"end":9303.464},{"text":"representative","start":9303.464,"end":9304.29},{"text":"of","start":9304.29,"end":9304.404},{"text":"Latvia,","start":9304.501,"end":9305.068},{"text":"and","start":9305.408,"end":9305.473},{"text":"I","start":9305.554,"end":9305.651},{"text":"give","start":9305.716,"end":9305.83},{"text":"the","start":9305.894,"end":9305.975},{"text":"floor","start":9305.975,"end":9306.462},{"text":"to","start":9306.462,"end":9306.688},{"text":"the","start":9306.688,"end":9306.769},{"text":"distinguished","start":9306.769,"end":9307.272},{"text":"representative","start":9307.272,"end":9308.098},{"text":"of","start":9308.098,"end":9308.211},{"text":"Nigeria.","start":9308.26,"end":9308.795}]},{"text":"Thank you, co-chairs.","start":9312.44,"end":9313.735,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9312.44,"end":9312.699},{"text":"you,","start":9312.699,"end":9312.747},{"text":"co-chairs.","start":9313.265,"end":9313.735}]},{"text":"Nigeria aligns itself with the statement delivered by Saint Lucia on behalf of the the LCC9 Group and Sarah 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behalf of the Africa Group.","start":9321.529,"end":9322.974,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"on","start":9321.529,"end":9321.577},{"text":"behalf","start":9321.673,"end":9322.075},{"text":"of","start":9322.075,"end":9322.187},{"text":"the","start":9322.315,"end":9322.396},{"text":"Africa","start":9322.396,"end":9322.797},{"text":"Group.","start":9322.797,"end":9322.974}]},{"text":"We thank the co-chairs for convening this timely meeting as we navigate the complexities of intergovernmental","start":9323.696,"end":9329.347,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9323.696,"end":9323.857},{"text":"thank","start":9323.857,"end":9324.017},{"text":"the","start":9324.017,"end":9324.178},{"text":"co-chairs","start":9324.178,"end":9324.627},{"text":"for","start":9324.724,"end":9324.82},{"text":"convening","start":9324.82,"end":9325.189},{"text":"this","start":9325.221,"end":9325.414},{"text":"timely","start":9325.767,"end":9326.233},{"text":"meeting","start":9326.249,"end":9326.586},{"text":"as","start":9326.827,"end":9326.875},{"text":"we","start":9326.987,"end":9327.067},{"text":"navigate","start":9327.067,"end":9327.549},{"text":"the","start":9327.549,"end":9327.693},{"text":"complexities","start":9327.693,"end":9328.4},{"text":"of","start":9328.432,"end":9328.576},{"text":"intergovernmental","start":9328.576,"end":9329.347}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IGN","affiliation_full":"IGN","group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":72,"start":9329.395,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=9330","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"negotiation 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Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"Africa","start":9344.63,"end":9344.967},{"text":"remains","start":9344.967,"end":9345.417},{"text":"the","start":9345.449,"end":9345.529},{"text":"only","start":9345.529,"end":9345.77},{"text":"continent","start":9345.834,"end":9346.396},{"text":"without","start":9346.396,"end":9346.733},{"text":"permanent","start":9346.733,"end":9347.215},{"text":"representation","start":9347.215,"end":9347.889},{"text":"on","start":9348.098,"end":9348.178},{"text":"the","start":9348.178,"end":9348.274},{"text":"Security","start":9348.274,"end":9348.74},{"text":"Council","start":9348.804,"end":9349.189},{"text":"a","start":9349.366,"end":9349.382},{"text":"structural","start":9349.382,"end":9349.895},{"text":"defect","start":9349.944,"end":9350.473},{"text":"that","start":9350.57,"end":9350.73},{"text":"undermines","start":9350.73,"end":9351.436},{"text":"the","start":9351.468,"end":9351.629},{"text":"Council's","start":9351.629,"end":9352.175},{"text":"legitimacy","start":9352.175,"end":9352.881},{"text":"and","start":9353.073,"end":9353.218},{"text":"the","start":9353.218,"end":9353.25},{"text":"very","start":9353.25,"end":9353.603},{"text":"principles","start":9353.699,"end":9354.245},{"text":"of","start":9354.357,"end":9354.438},{"text":"the","start":9354.438,"end":9354.582},{"text":"UN","start":9354.582,"end":9354.727},{"text":"Charter.","start":9354.903,"end":9355.224}]},{"text":"When we reflect on the Pact for the Future, we become more inspired to underscore the need to move beyond rhetorical support for Africa as a special case and take concrete steps to address the legitimate and historical injustice faced by the region.","start":9356.043,"end":9371.419,"topics":[{"key":"african-representation","label":"African Permanent Representation","description":"African states and their supporters emphasized that Africa remains excluded from permanent membership and veto power despite being central to much of the Council's agenda. 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Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":9372.349,"end":9372.478},{"text":"is","start":9372.478,"end":9372.542},{"text":"pertinent","start":9372.654,"end":9373.104},{"text":"that","start":9373.216,"end":9373.377},{"text":"the","start":9373.377,"end":9373.601},{"text":"Pact","start":9373.601,"end":9373.906},{"text":"explicitly","start":9374.003,"end":9374.629},{"text":"recognizes","start":9374.725,"end":9375.351},{"text":"the","start":9375.367,"end":9375.447},{"text":"urgent","start":9375.447,"end":9375.72},{"text":"need","start":9375.8,"end":9376.041},{"text":"to","start":9376.041,"end":9376.169},{"text":"make","start":9376.169,"end":9376.33},{"text":"the","start":9376.346,"end":9376.506},{"text":"Council","start":9376.506,"end":9376.988},{"text":"more","start":9376.988,"end":9377.245},{"text":"representative","start":9377.309,"end":9378.111},{"text":"and","start":9378.272,"end":9378.416},{"text":"transparent.","start":9378.416,"end":9378.994}]},{"text":"There is urgent need to translate this commitment into extension of veto rights to new permanent members, specifically to Africa, to ensure that the continent is not a mere observer of decisions that affect its own security.","start":9379.619,"end":9392.675,"topics":[{"key":"african-representation","label":"African Permanent Representation","description":"African states and their supporters emphasized that Africa remains excluded from permanent membership and veto power despite being central to much of the Council's agenda. They framed this as a historical injustice and called for permanent African seats with full prerogatives if the veto remains."},{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":9379.619,"end":9379.86},{"text":"is","start":9379.86,"end":9380.004},{"text":"urgent","start":9380.196,"end":9380.485},{"text":"need","start":9380.517,"end":9380.822},{"text":"to","start":9380.822,"end":9380.918},{"text":"translate","start":9380.982,"end":9381.463},{"text":"this","start":9381.463,"end":9381.64},{"text":"commitment","start":9381.64,"end":9382.362},{"text":"into","start":9382.362,"end":9382.634},{"text":"extension","start":9382.666,"end":9383.164},{"text":"of","start":9383.164,"end":9383.292},{"text":"veto","start":9383.324,"end":9383.565},{"text":"rights","start":9383.565,"end":9383.95},{"text":"to","start":9383.95,"end":9384.03},{"text":"new","start":9384.03,"end":9384.126},{"text":"permanent","start":9384.126,"end":9384.479},{"text":"members,","start":9384.527,"end":9384.896},{"text":"specifically","start":9384.928,"end":9385.73},{"text":"to","start":9386.051,"end":9386.163},{"text":"Africa,","start":9386.195,"end":9386.676},{"text":"to","start":9387.013,"end":9387.093},{"text":"ensure","start":9387.093,"end":9387.654},{"text":"that","start":9387.654,"end":9387.751},{"text":"the","start":9387.751,"end":9387.895},{"text":"continent","start":9387.895,"end":9388.537},{"text":"is","start":9388.537,"end":9388.617},{"text":"not","start":9388.697,"end":9388.938},{"text":"a","start":9388.938,"end":9389.018},{"text":"mere","start":9389.018,"end":9389.258},{"text":"observer","start":9389.258,"end":9389.868},{"text":"of","start":9390.221,"end":9390.365},{"text":"decisions","start":9390.365,"end":9390.83},{"text":"that","start":9390.862,"end":9391.007},{"text":"affect","start":9391.007,"end":9391.44},{"text":"its","start":9391.52,"end":9391.68},{"text":"own","start":9391.825,"end":9391.937},{"text":"security.","start":9392.049,"end":9392.675}]},{"text":"Our position is firmly rooted in the Ezulwini Consensus.","start":9393.813,"end":9396.877,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":9393.813,"end":9393.974},{"text":"position","start":9393.974,"end":9394.423},{"text":"is","start":9394.471,"end":9394.519},{"text":"firmly","start":9394.631,"end":9394.888},{"text":"rooted","start":9394.888,"end":9395.289},{"text":"in","start":9395.289,"end":9395.401},{"text":"the","start":9395.433,"end":9395.53},{"text":"Ezulwini","start":9395.53,"end":9396.203},{"text":"Consensus.","start":9396.219,"end":9396.877}]},{"text":"Veto must be extended to all new permanent members so long as it exists.","start":9397.518,"end":9401.785,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"Veto","start":9397.518,"end":9397.855},{"text":"must","start":9397.855,"end":9398.16},{"text":"be","start":9398.16,"end":9398.256},{"text":"extended","start":9398.256,"end":9398.721},{"text":"to","start":9398.721,"end":9398.85},{"text":"all","start":9399.026,"end":9399.186},{"text":"new","start":9399.218,"end":9399.331},{"text":"permanent","start":9399.427,"end":9399.828},{"text":"members","start":9399.828,"end":9400.293},{"text":"so","start":9400.325,"end":9400.566},{"text":"long","start":9400.566,"end":9400.678},{"text":"as","start":9400.87,"end":9400.935},{"text":"it","start":9401.143,"end":9401.287},{"text":"exists.","start":9401.287,"end":9401.785}]},{"text":"The idea or thought that Africa could be granted permanent seats without veto is tantamount to entrenching the inequality we seek to abolish.","start":9402.635,"end":9411.332,"topics":[{"key":"african-representation","label":"African Permanent Representation","description":"African states and their supporters emphasized that Africa remains excluded from permanent membership and veto power despite being central to much of the Council's agenda. They framed this as a historical injustice and called for permanent African seats with full prerogatives if the veto remains."},{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9402.635,"end":9402.763},{"text":"idea","start":9402.875,"end":9403.196},{"text":"or","start":9403.276,"end":9403.389},{"text":"thought","start":9403.453,"end":9403.838},{"text":"that","start":9403.838,"end":9403.998},{"text":"Africa","start":9403.998,"end":9404.415},{"text":"could","start":9404.575,"end":9404.72},{"text":"be","start":9404.72,"end":9404.8},{"text":"granted","start":9404.896,"end":9405.554},{"text":"permanent","start":9405.682,"end":9406.051},{"text":"seats","start":9406.083,"end":9406.42},{"text":"without","start":9406.484,"end":9406.885},{"text":"veto","start":9406.885,"end":9407.254},{"text":"is","start":9407.238,"end":9407.318},{"text":"tantamount","start":9407.382,"end":9408.217},{"text":"to","start":9408.25,"end":9408.346},{"text":"entrenching","start":9408.346,"end":9408.956},{"text":"the","start":9409.149,"end":9409.293},{"text":"inequality","start":9409.293,"end":9410},{"text":"we","start":9410.273,"end":9410.417},{"text":"seek","start":9410.417,"end":9410.77},{"text":"to","start":9410.77,"end":9410.867},{"text":"abolish.","start":9410.899,"end":9411.332}]},{"text":"We reiterate that Africa demands at least 2 permanent seats with all prerogatives and privileges of current members.","start":9412.119,"end":9419.072,"topics":[{"key":"african-representation","label":"African Permanent Representation","description":"African states and their supporters emphasized that Africa remains excluded from permanent membership and veto power despite being central to much of the Council's agenda. They framed this as a historical injustice and called for permanent African seats with full prerogatives if the veto remains."},{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9412.119,"end":9412.264},{"text":"reiterate","start":9412.264,"end":9412.842},{"text":"that","start":9412.842,"end":9413.002},{"text":"Africa","start":9413.067,"end":9413.628},{"text":"demands","start":9413.628,"end":9414.094},{"text":"at","start":9414.19,"end":9414.351},{"text":"least","start":9414.351,"end":9414.608},{"text":"2","start":9414.608,"end":9414.736},{"text":"permanent","start":9414.752,"end":9415.106},{"text":"seats","start":9415.106,"end":9415.427},{"text":"with","start":9415.636,"end":9415.716},{"text":"all","start":9415.957,"end":9416.085},{"text":"prerogatives","start":9416.278,"end":9416.984},{"text":"and","start":9417.177,"end":9417.257},{"text":"privileges","start":9417.338,"end":9417.948},{"text":"of","start":9418.06,"end":9418.189},{"text":"current","start":9418.285,"end":9418.622},{"text":"members.","start":9418.622,"end":9419.072}]},{"text":"The extension of veto to Africa will be a tool for collective security which will bring a much-needed perspective to peace and security operations, 70% of which are concentrated on our continent.","start":9419.907,"end":9432.158,"topics":[{"key":"african-representation","label":"African Permanent Representation","description":"African states and their supporters emphasized that Africa remains excluded from permanent membership and veto power despite being central to much of the Council's agenda. They framed this as a historical injustice and called for permanent African seats with full prerogatives if the veto remains."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9419.907,"end":9420.051},{"text":"extension","start":9420.051,"end":9420.42},{"text":"of","start":9420.469,"end":9420.549},{"text":"veto","start":9420.549,"end":9420.998},{"text":"to","start":9421.015,"end":9421.095},{"text":"Africa","start":9421.111,"end":9421.432},{"text":"will","start":9421.496,"end":9421.641},{"text":"be","start":9421.673,"end":9421.833},{"text":"a","start":9421.833,"end":9421.994},{"text":"tool","start":9421.994,"end":9422.219},{"text":"for","start":9422.235,"end":9422.379},{"text":"collective","start":9422.46,"end":9422.861},{"text":"security","start":9422.861,"end":9423.487},{"text":"which","start":9423.744,"end":9423.889},{"text":"will","start":9423.985,"end":9424.065},{"text":"bring","start":9424.162,"end":9424.37},{"text":"a","start":9424.483,"end":9424.563},{"text":"much-needed","start":9424.563,"end":9425.382},{"text":"perspective","start":9425.848,"end":9426.618},{"text":"to","start":9426.65,"end":9426.811},{"text":"peace","start":9426.811,"end":9427.004},{"text":"and","start":9427.116,"end":9427.212},{"text":"security","start":9427.212,"end":9427.742},{"text":"operations,","start":9427.758,"end":9428.465},{"text":"70%","start":9428.497,"end":9428.898},{"text":"of","start":9429.364,"end":9429.557},{"text":"which","start":9429.605,"end":9429.83},{"text":"are","start":9430.087,"end":9430.183},{"text":"concentrated","start":9430.183,"end":9431.114},{"text":"on","start":9431.307,"end":9431.355},{"text":"our","start":9431.403,"end":9431.548},{"text":"continent.","start":9431.548,"end":9432.158}]},{"text":"Nigeria is also positively disposed to the ongoing discussions regarding the limitation of veto in cases of mass atrocities and crimes against humanity.","start":9432.753,"end":9441.43,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"Nigeria","start":9432.753,"end":9433.223},{"text":"is","start":9433.223,"end":9433.368},{"text":"also","start":9433.385,"end":9433.725},{"text":"positively","start":9433.725,"end":9434.373},{"text":"disposed","start":9434.373,"end":9434.907},{"text":"to","start":9434.94,"end":9435.069},{"text":"the","start":9435.102,"end":9435.15},{"text":"ongoing","start":9435.183,"end":9435.555},{"text":"discussions","start":9435.652,"end":9436.284},{"text":"regarding","start":9436.381,"end":9436.77},{"text":"the","start":9436.802,"end":9436.883},{"text":"limitation","start":9436.883,"end":9437.434},{"text":"of","start":9437.434,"end":9437.531},{"text":"veto","start":9437.531,"end":9437.855},{"text":"in","start":9438.001,"end":9438.066},{"text":"cases","start":9438.163,"end":9438.471},{"text":"of","start":9438.584,"end":9438.714},{"text":"mass","start":9438.811,"end":9438.941},{"text":"atrocities","start":9439.054,"end":9439.686},{"text":"and","start":9440.042,"end":9440.172},{"text":"crimes","start":9440.204,"end":9440.577},{"text":"against","start":9440.609,"end":9440.82},{"text":"humanity.","start":9440.82,"end":9441.43}]},{"text":"However, this should not be a substitute for the equitable distribution of the power itself.","start":9441.719,"end":9447.937,"topics":[{"key":"african-representation","label":"African Permanent Representation","description":"African states and their supporters emphasized that Africa remains excluded from permanent membership and veto power despite being central to much of the Council's agenda. They framed this as a historical injustice and called for permanent African seats with full prerogatives if the veto remains."},{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":9441.719,"end":9442.266},{"text":"this","start":9442.764,"end":9443.085},{"text":"should","start":9443.085,"end":9443.262},{"text":"not","start":9443.262,"end":9443.471},{"text":"be","start":9443.503,"end":9443.663},{"text":"a","start":9443.663,"end":9443.679},{"text":"substitute","start":9443.679,"end":9444.451},{"text":"for","start":9444.451,"end":9444.579},{"text":"the","start":9444.627,"end":9444.708},{"text":"equitable","start":9444.708,"end":9445.302},{"text":"distribution","start":9445.35,"end":9446.041},{"text":"of","start":9446.459,"end":9446.62},{"text":"the","start":9446.62,"end":9446.78},{"text":"power","start":9446.78,"end":9447.198},{"text":"itself.","start":9447.294,"end":9447.937}]},{"text":"We must express our growing frustration with the current stagnation of the IGN process.","start":9449.592,"end":9454.663,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9449.592,"end":9449.704},{"text":"must","start":9449.704,"end":9450.074},{"text":"express","start":9450.074,"end":9450.443},{"text":"our","start":9450.557,"end":9450.702},{"text":"growing","start":9450.734,"end":9451.025},{"text":"frustration","start":9451.122,"end":9451.834},{"text":"with","start":9452.028,"end":9452.173},{"text":"the","start":9452.173,"end":9452.335},{"text":"current","start":9452.335,"end":9452.691},{"text":"stagnation","start":9452.691,"end":9453.37},{"text":"of","start":9453.467,"end":9453.612},{"text":"the","start":9453.645,"end":9453.709},{"text":"IGN","start":9453.79,"end":9454.097},{"text":"process.","start":9454.275,"end":9454.663}]},{"text":"For decades, we have moved in circles.","start":9455.407,"end":9457.978,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":9455.407,"end":9455.569},{"text":"decades,","start":9455.585,"end":9456.038},{"text":"we","start":9456.555,"end":9456.701},{"text":"have","start":9456.701,"end":9456.846},{"text":"moved","start":9456.878,"end":9457.283},{"text":"in","start":9457.283,"end":9457.331},{"text":"circles.","start":9457.38,"end":9457.978}]},{"text":"While global crises evolve and intensify.","start":9458.266,"end":9461.014,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"While","start":9458.266,"end":9458.507},{"text":"global","start":9458.603,"end":9459.069},{"text":"crises","start":9459.15,"end":9459.535},{"text":"evolve","start":9459.568,"end":9460.146},{"text":"and","start":9460.275,"end":9460.371},{"text":"intensify.","start":9460.371,"end":9461.014}]},{"text":"The credibility of these institutions hangs in the balance.","start":9461.737,"end":9465.24,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9461.737,"end":9461.817},{"text":"credibility","start":9461.897,"end":9462.588},{"text":"of","start":9463.087,"end":9463.199},{"text":"these","start":9463.199,"end":9463.312},{"text":"institutions","start":9463.488,"end":9464.035},{"text":"hangs","start":9464.067,"end":9464.517},{"text":"in","start":9464.629,"end":9464.677},{"text":"the","start":9464.71,"end":9464.806},{"text":"balance.","start":9464.87,"end":9465.24}]},{"text":"The time for incrementalism has passed.","start":9465.834,"end":9468.278,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9465.834,"end":9465.915},{"text":"time","start":9465.915,"end":9466.204},{"text":"for","start":9466.3,"end":9466.397},{"text":"incrementalism","start":9466.397,"end":9467.409},{"text":"has","start":9467.586,"end":9467.731},{"text":"passed.","start":9467.908,"end":9468.278}]},{"text":"We must move beyond the era of performative diplomacy.","start":9468.567,"end":9472.153,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9468.567,"end":9468.663},{"text":"must","start":9468.663,"end":9469.017},{"text":"move","start":9469.033,"end":9469.339},{"text":"beyond","start":9469.355,"end":9469.661},{"text":"the","start":9469.773,"end":9469.837},{"text":"era","start":9469.837,"end":9470.352},{"text":"of","start":9470.416,"end":9470.545},{"text":"performative","start":9470.818,"end":9471.413},{"text":"diplomacy.","start":9471.462,"end":9472.153}]},{"text":"Nigeria strongly calls for a transition towards text-based negotiations that reflect the urgency of the current global climate.","start":9472.748,"end":9481.332,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Nigeria","start":9472.748,"end":9473.15},{"text":"strongly","start":9473.15,"end":9473.601},{"text":"calls","start":9473.713,"end":9474.163},{"text":"for","start":9474.501,"end":9474.662},{"text":"a","start":9474.662,"end":9474.758},{"text":"transition","start":9474.758,"end":9475.37},{"text":"towards","start":9475.418,"end":9475.856},{"text":"text-based","start":9475.985,"end":9476.666},{"text":"negotiations","start":9476.682,"end":9477.606},{"text":"that","start":9477.735,"end":9477.913},{"text":"reflect","start":9477.913,"end":9478.529},{"text":"the","start":9478.545,"end":9478.707},{"text":"urgency","start":9478.788,"end":9479.226},{"text":"of","start":9479.615,"end":9479.712},{"text":"the","start":9479.712,"end":9479.907},{"text":"current","start":9479.923,"end":9480.312},{"text":"global","start":9480.344,"end":9480.733},{"text":"climate.","start":9480.814,"end":9481.332}]},{"text":"We must move from dialogue to decision-making.","start":9481.705,"end":9484.038,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9481.705,"end":9481.802},{"text":"must","start":9481.802,"end":9482.078},{"text":"move","start":9482.143,"end":9482.288},{"text":"from","start":9482.288,"end":9482.499},{"text":"dialogue","start":9482.613,"end":9483.196},{"text":"to","start":9483.326,"end":9483.423},{"text":"decision-making.","start":9483.423,"end":9484.038}]},{"text":"To conclude my remarks, let me reaffirm Nigeria's commitment to a Security Council that is democratic, transparent, and fit for the 21st century.","start":9484.707,"end":9492.908,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":9484.707,"end":9484.803},{"text":"conclude","start":9484.803,"end":9485.269},{"text":"my","start":9485.269,"end":9485.365},{"text":"remarks,","start":9485.365,"end":9485.847},{"text":"let","start":9486.168,"end":9486.344},{"text":"me","start":9486.344,"end":9486.44},{"text":"reaffirm","start":9486.489,"end":9486.938},{"text":"Nigeria's","start":9486.97,"end":9487.596},{"text":"commitment","start":9487.596,"end":9488.093},{"text":"to","start":9488.093,"end":9488.222},{"text":"a","start":9488.222,"end":9488.238},{"text":"Security","start":9488.238,"end":9488.575},{"text":"Council","start":9488.575,"end":9488.928},{"text":"that","start":9488.976,"end":9489.137},{"text":"is","start":9489.137,"end":9489.185},{"text":"democratic,","start":9489.281,"end":9489.939},{"text":"transparent,","start":9490.18,"end":9490.902},{"text":"and","start":9491.047,"end":9491.143},{"text":"fit","start":9491.143,"end":9491.592},{"text":"for","start":9491.689,"end":9491.801},{"text":"the","start":9491.801,"end":9491.929},{"text":"21st","start":9491.929,"end":9492.379},{"text":"century.","start":9492.379,"end":9492.908}]},{"text":"We will continue to champion a Security Council reform out of a shared duty to ensure that the United Nations serves all humanity, not just a privileged few.","start":9493.31,"end":9503.324,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."},{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9493.31,"end":9493.374},{"text":"will","start":9493.454,"end":9493.534},{"text":"continue","start":9493.615,"end":9494.048},{"text":"to","start":9494.433,"end":9494.513},{"text":"champion","start":9494.513,"end":9495.043},{"text":"a","start":9495.171,"end":9495.187},{"text":"Security","start":9495.236,"end":9495.557},{"text":"Council","start":9495.557,"end":9495.958},{"text":"reform","start":9495.958,"end":9496.423},{"text":"out","start":9496.744,"end":9496.985},{"text":"of","start":9496.985,"end":9497.049},{"text":"a","start":9497.145,"end":9497.161},{"text":"shared","start":9497.161,"end":9497.611},{"text":"duty","start":9497.723,"end":9498.012},{"text":"to","start":9498.445,"end":9498.542},{"text":"ensure","start":9498.542,"end":9499.087},{"text":"that","start":9499.087,"end":9499.184},{"text":"the","start":9499.184,"end":9499.232},{"text":"United","start":9499.232,"end":9499.617},{"text":"Nations","start":9499.713,"end":9500.066},{"text":"serves","start":9500.066,"end":9500.5},{"text":"all","start":9500.757,"end":9500.821},{"text":"humanity,","start":9501.013,"end":9501.623},{"text":"not","start":9501.912,"end":9502.105},{"text":"just","start":9502.201,"end":9502.394},{"text":"a","start":9502.458,"end":9502.602},{"text":"privileged","start":9502.602,"end":9503.068},{"text":"few.","start":9503.1,"end":9503.324}]},{"text":"I thank you, Co-Chairs.","start":9503.822,"end":9504.753,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9503.822,"end":9503.966},{"text":"thank","start":9503.966,"end":9504.159},{"text":"you,","start":9504.159,"end":9504.287},{"text":"Co-Chairs.","start":9504.304,"end":9504.753}]},{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Nigeria, and I give the floor to The distinguished representative of Ethiopia.","start":9505.652,"end":9512.713,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9505.652,"end":9505.7},{"text":"thank","start":9505.748,"end":9506.133},{"text":"the","start":9506.133,"end":9506.229},{"text":"distinguished","start":9506.229,"end":9506.663},{"text":"representative","start":9506.663,"end":9507.465},{"text":"of","start":9507.529,"end":9507.69},{"text":"Nigeria,","start":9507.69,"end":9508.476},{"text":"and","start":9509.118,"end":9509.183},{"text":"I","start":9509.199,"end":9509.279},{"text":"give","start":9509.279,"end":9509.439},{"text":"the","start":9509.439,"end":9509.584},{"text":"floor","start":9509.584,"end":9510.017},{"text":"to","start":9510.081,"end":9510.194},{"text":"The","start":9510.162,"end":9510.244},{"text":"distinguished","start":9510.244,"end":9510.8},{"text":"representative","start":9510.8,"end":9511.715},{"text":"of","start":9511.715,"end":9511.961},{"text":"Ethiopia.","start":9511.961,"end":9512.713}]},{"text":"Thank you, co-chair.","start":9526.086,"end":9527.084,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9526.086,"end":9526.408},{"text":"you,","start":9526.408,"end":9526.488},{"text":"co-chair.","start":9526.569,"end":9527.084}]},{"text":"At the outset, Ethiopia aligns itself with the statement delivered by Sierra Leone on behalf of the African 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structure","start":9546.275,"end":9547.735,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":9546.275,"end":9546.821},{"text":"the","start":9547.077,"end":9547.157},{"text":"structure","start":9547.157,"end":9547.735}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IGN","affiliation_full":"IGN","group":null,"function":"Co-Chair"}},{"statement_number":74,"start":9547.735,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=9548","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"of the Security Council, particularly the veto power held by its permanent members, does not fully reflect these principles.","start":9547.735,"end":9558.11,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"of","start":9547.735,"end":9547.847},{"text":"the","start":9547.879,"end":9547.959},{"text":"Security","start":9547.959,"end":9548.52},{"text":"Council,","start":9548.52,"end":9549.018},{"text":"particularly","start":9549.707,"end":9550.413},{"text":"the","start":9550.525,"end":9550.605},{"text":"veto","start":9550.605,"end":9550.926},{"text":"power","start":9550.99,"end":9551.391},{"text":"held","start":9551.391,"end":9551.792},{"text":"by","start":9551.792,"end":9552.048},{"text":"its","start":9552.61,"end":9552.786},{"text":"permanent","start":9552.85,"end":9553.411},{"text":"members,","start":9553.411,"end":9553.86},{"text":"does","start":9554.855,"end":9555.063},{"text":"not","start":9555.175,"end":9555.48},{"text":"fully","start":9555.48,"end":9555.785},{"text":"reflect","start":9556.234,"end":9556.827},{"text":"these","start":9557.18,"end":9557.308},{"text":"principles.","start":9557.501,"end":9558.11}]},{"text":"The veto is an outdated mechanism rooted in the geopolitical realities of 1945.","start":9559.329,"end":9567.421,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9559.329,"end":9559.425},{"text":"veto","start":9559.441,"end":9559.826},{"text":"is","start":9559.97,"end":9560.034},{"text":"an","start":9560.612,"end":9560.676},{"text":"outdated","start":9560.772,"end":9561.317},{"text":"mechanism","start":9561.494,"end":9562.039},{"text":"rooted","start":9562.729,"end":9563.163},{"text":"in","start":9563.34,"end":9563.484},{"text":"the","start":9563.517,"end":9563.597},{"text":"geopolitical","start":9564.159,"end":9565.606},{"text":"realities","start":9565.606,"end":9566.088},{"text":"of","start":9566.232,"end":9566.297},{"text":"1945.","start":9566.473,"end":9567.421}]},{"text":"While it might have served a purpose in ensuring the participation of major powers at that time, it now poses a significant challenge to fairness and effectiveness in global governance.","start":9568.498,"end":9583.848,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":9568.498,"end":9568.836},{"text":"it","start":9568.836,"end":9569.061},{"text":"might","start":9569.061,"end":9569.269},{"text":"have","start":9570.009,"end":9570.282},{"text":"served","start":9570.282,"end":9570.844},{"text":"a","start":9571.069,"end":9571.214},{"text":"purpose","start":9571.214,"end":9571.535},{"text":"in","start":9571.713,"end":9571.972},{"text":"ensuring","start":9572.344,"end":9572.798},{"text":"the","start":9572.927,"end":9573.008},{"text":"participation","start":9573.413,"end":9574.028},{"text":"of","start":9574.125,"end":9574.239},{"text":"major","start":9574.368,"end":9574.627},{"text":"powers","start":9574.708,"end":9575},{"text":"at","start":9575.113,"end":9575.259},{"text":"that","start":9575.259,"end":9575.501},{"text":"time,","start":9575.501,"end":9575.647},{"text":"it","start":9576.489,"end":9576.667},{"text":"now","start":9576.667,"end":9576.764},{"text":"poses","start":9576.813,"end":9577.266},{"text":"a","start":9577.8,"end":9577.817},{"text":"significant","start":9577.865,"end":9578.594},{"text":"challenge","start":9578.594,"end":9579.047},{"text":"to","start":9579.484,"end":9579.646},{"text":"fairness","start":9579.646,"end":9580.083},{"text":"and","start":9580.277,"end":9580.503},{"text":"effectiveness","start":9581.021,"end":9581.699},{"text":"in","start":9582.378,"end":9582.442},{"text":"global","start":9582.475,"end":9583.04},{"text":"governance.","start":9583.202,"end":9583.848}]},{"text":"Ethiopia underscores that comprehensive rectification of the veto's fundamental issue, whether it should be retained and extended to new permanent members or whether it should be abolished, must be part of the reform of the Council.","start":9585.303,"end":9606.443,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."},{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."},{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"Ethiopia","start":9585.303,"end":9585.674},{"text":"underscores","start":9585.69,"end":9586.32},{"text":"that","start":9586.353,"end":9586.692},{"text":"comprehensive","start":9587.645,"end":9590.166},{"text":"rectification","start":9590.62,"end":9591.669},{"text":"of","start":9591.846,"end":9592.008},{"text":"the","start":9592.412,"end":9592.508},{"text":"veto's","start":9592.508,"end":9592.864},{"text":"fundamental","start":9592.993,"end":9593.655},{"text":"issue,","start":9593.655,"end":9593.977},{"text":"whether","start":9594.93,"end":9595.253},{"text":"it","start":9595.737,"end":9595.899},{"text":"should","start":9595.899,"end":9596.076},{"text":"be","start":9596.141,"end":9596.222},{"text":"retained","start":9596.222,"end":9596.948},{"text":"and","start":9597.658,"end":9597.836},{"text":"extended","start":9597.836,"end":9598.449},{"text":"to","start":9598.482,"end":9598.579},{"text":"new","start":9599.047,"end":9599.257},{"text":"permanent","start":9599.289,"end":9599.693},{"text":"members","start":9599.693,"end":9600.115},{"text":"or","start":9600.569,"end":9600.699},{"text":"whether","start":9600.813,"end":9601.072},{"text":"it","start":9601.153,"end":9601.299},{"text":"should","start":9601.299,"end":9601.526},{"text":"be","start":9601.559,"end":9601.786},{"text":"abolished,","start":9601.883,"end":9602.5},{"text":"must","start":9603.165,"end":9603.392},{"text":"be","start":9603.425,"end":9603.668},{"text":"part","start":9604.236,"end":9604.512},{"text":"of","start":9604.56,"end":9604.658},{"text":"the","start":9604.658,"end":9604.804},{"text":"reform","start":9604.82,"end":9605.372},{"text":"of","start":9605.437,"end":9605.583},{"text":"the","start":9605.858,"end":9606.004},{"text":"Council.","start":9606.004,"end":9606.443}]},{"text":"Ethiopia supports abolition of the veto.","start":9607.432,"end":9610.265,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"Ethiopia","start":9607.432,"end":9607.77},{"text":"supports","start":9607.77,"end":9608.43},{"text":"abolition","start":9608.881,"end":9609.38},{"text":"of","start":9609.428,"end":9609.525},{"text":"the","start":9609.83,"end":9609.863},{"text":"veto.","start":9609.863,"end":9610.265}]},{"text":"However, so long as it is retained, It should be extended to new permanent members of the Security Council.","start":9611.038,"end":9619.329,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":9611.038,"end":9611.537},{"text":"so","start":9611.923,"end":9612.1},{"text":"long","start":9612.1,"end":9612.277},{"text":"as","start":9612.406,"end":9612.471},{"text":"it","start":9612.986,"end":9613.082},{"text":"is","start":9613.147,"end":9613.243},{"text":"retained,","start":9613.533,"end":9613.855},{"text":"It","start":9614.833,"end":9614.914},{"text":"should","start":9614.914,"end":9615.235},{"text":"be","start":9615.235,"end":9615.427},{"text":"extended","start":9615.476,"end":9616.005},{"text":"to","start":9616.054,"end":9616.214},{"text":"new","start":9616.76,"end":9616.873},{"text":"permanent","start":9617.065,"end":9617.563},{"text":"members","start":9617.563,"end":9617.932},{"text":"of","start":9618.029,"end":9618.173},{"text":"the","start":9618.205,"end":9618.302},{"text":"Security","start":9618.302,"end":9618.783},{"text":"Council.","start":9618.783,"end":9619.329}]},{"text":"Ethiopia's position is in line with the common African position as outlined in the Isaluni Consensus that fundamentally opposes the veto and calls for its abolition.","start":9620.052,"end":9634.631,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."},{"key":"african-representation","label":"African Permanent Representation","description":"African states and their supporters emphasized that Africa remains excluded from permanent membership and veto power despite being central to much of the Council's agenda. They framed this as a historical injustice and called for permanent African seats with full prerogatives if the veto remains."}],"words":[{"text":"Ethiopia's","start":9620.052,"end":9620.614},{"text":"position","start":9620.614,"end":9621.304},{"text":"is","start":9621.641,"end":9621.786},{"text":"in","start":9622.46,"end":9622.605},{"text":"line","start":9622.605,"end":9622.91},{"text":"with","start":9623.745,"end":9623.986},{"text":"the","start":9623.986,"end":9624.13},{"text":"common","start":9624.13,"end":9624.435},{"text":"African","start":9624.949,"end":9625.431},{"text":"position","start":9625.431,"end":9625.88},{"text":"as","start":9626.217,"end":9626.282},{"text":"outlined","start":9626.458,"end":9626.924},{"text":"in","start":9627.101,"end":9627.213},{"text":"the","start":9627.213,"end":9627.39},{"text":"Isaluni","start":9627.775,"end":9628.289},{"text":"Consensus","start":9628.385,"end":9628.995},{"text":"that","start":9629.381,"end":9629.702},{"text":"fundamentally","start":9629.83,"end":9630.569},{"text":"opposes","start":9630.569,"end":9631.018},{"text":"the","start":9631.837,"end":9631.934},{"text":"veto","start":9631.934,"end":9632.335},{"text":"and","start":9632.64,"end":9632.817},{"text":"calls","start":9632.881,"end":9633.106},{"text":"for","start":9633.379,"end":9633.78},{"text":"its","start":9633.78,"end":9634.053},{"text":"abolition.","start":9634.085,"end":9634.631}]},{"text":"However, in the event of its retention, All prerogatives and privileges of permanent membership, including the veto, should be extended to new African permanent members.","start":9635.53,"end":9650.848,"topics":[{"key":"african-representation","label":"African Permanent Representation","description":"African states and their supporters emphasized that Africa remains excluded from permanent membership and veto power despite being central to much of the Council's agenda. They framed this as a historical injustice and called for permanent African seats with full prerogatives if the veto remains."},{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":9635.53,"end":9636.124},{"text":"in","start":9636.413,"end":9636.462},{"text":"the","start":9636.51,"end":9636.574},{"text":"event","start":9636.654,"end":9637.072},{"text":"of","start":9637.072,"end":9637.2},{"text":"its","start":9637.858,"end":9638.003},{"text":"retention,","start":9638.854,"end":9639.432},{"text":"All","start":9640.267,"end":9640.46},{"text":"prerogatives","start":9640.845,"end":9641.696},{"text":"and","start":9641.953,"end":9642.258},{"text":"privileges","start":9642.37,"end":9642.82},{"text":"of","start":9642.997,"end":9643.093},{"text":"permanent","start":9643.173,"end":9643.655},{"text":"membership,","start":9643.655,"end":9644.377},{"text":"including","start":9644.763,"end":9645.212},{"text":"the","start":9645.261,"end":9645.357},{"text":"veto,","start":9645.357,"end":9645.887},{"text":"should","start":9646.288,"end":9646.513},{"text":"be","start":9646.545,"end":9646.706},{"text":"extended","start":9646.706,"end":9647.236},{"text":"to","start":9647.332,"end":9647.476},{"text":"new","start":9648.07,"end":9648.199},{"text":"African","start":9648.777,"end":9649.243},{"text":"permanent","start":9649.997,"end":9650.479},{"text":"members.","start":9650.479,"end":9650.848}]},{"text":"In the existing system, Africa is the only regional group with no veto right.","start":9651.924,"end":9657.929,"topics":[{"key":"african-representation","label":"African Permanent Representation","description":"African states and their supporters emphasized that Africa remains excluded from permanent membership and veto power despite being central to much of the Council's agenda. They framed this as a historical injustice and called for permanent African seats with full prerogatives if the veto remains."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9651.924,"end":9652.053},{"text":"the","start":9652.085,"end":9652.133},{"text":"existing","start":9652.149,"end":9652.598},{"text":"system,","start":9652.647,"end":9653.16},{"text":"Africa","start":9653.594,"end":9654.092},{"text":"is","start":9654.236,"end":9654.3},{"text":"the","start":9654.397,"end":9654.557},{"text":"only","start":9654.718,"end":9654.975},{"text":"regional","start":9654.975,"end":9655.392},{"text":"group","start":9655.457,"end":9655.954},{"text":"with","start":9656.5,"end":9656.773},{"text":"no","start":9656.821,"end":9657.062},{"text":"veto","start":9657.367,"end":9657.688},{"text":"right.","start":9657.688,"end":9657.929}]},{"text":"Rectifying the injustice against Africa requires allocation to it of the same rights and prerogatives as other permanent members.","start":9659.214,"end":9669.877,"topics":[{"key":"african-representation","label":"African Permanent Representation","description":"African states and their supporters emphasized that Africa remains excluded from permanent membership and veto power despite being central to much of the Council's agenda. They framed this as a historical injustice and called for permanent African seats with full prerogatives if the veto remains."},{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"Rectifying","start":9659.214,"end":9659.76},{"text":"the","start":9659.968,"end":9660.209},{"text":"injustice","start":9660.257,"end":9660.723},{"text":"against","start":9660.819,"end":9661.478},{"text":"Africa","start":9661.622,"end":9662.12},{"text":"requires","start":9662.12,"end":9662.65},{"text":"allocation","start":9662.843,"end":9663.372},{"text":"to","start":9663.469,"end":9663.613},{"text":"it","start":9663.71,"end":9663.983},{"text":"of","start":9664.272,"end":9664.416},{"text":"the","start":9664.448,"end":9664.545},{"text":"same","start":9664.545,"end":9664.882},{"text":"rights","start":9664.994,"end":9665.267},{"text":"and","start":9665.412,"end":9665.62},{"text":"prerogatives","start":9665.877,"end":9666.584},{"text":"as","start":9667.323,"end":9667.435},{"text":"other","start":9667.805,"end":9668.11},{"text":"permanent","start":9668.624,"end":9669.395},{"text":"members.","start":9669.572,"end":9669.877}]},{"text":"Without this, the reform will not meet its primary objective and will simply introduce a third category of membership.","start":9670.696,"end":9679.45,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"Without","start":9670.696,"end":9671.098},{"text":"this,","start":9671.098,"end":9671.29},{"text":"the","start":9671.74,"end":9671.853},{"text":"reform","start":9671.853,"end":9672.415},{"text":"will","start":9672.479,"end":9672.72},{"text":"not","start":9672.72,"end":9673.057},{"text":"meet","start":9673.121,"end":9673.539},{"text":"its","start":9673.684,"end":9674.005},{"text":"primary","start":9674.165,"end":9674.647},{"text":"objective","start":9674.647,"end":9675.21},{"text":"and","start":9675.354,"end":9675.418},{"text":"will","start":9675.852,"end":9676.029},{"text":"simply","start":9676.029,"end":9676.543},{"text":"introduce","start":9676.655,"end":9677.33},{"text":"a","start":9677.779,"end":9677.796},{"text":"third","start":9677.796,"end":9678.149},{"text":"category","start":9678.165,"end":9678.711},{"text":"of","start":9678.743,"end":9678.92},{"text":"membership.","start":9678.984,"end":9679.45}]},{"text":"Co-chairs, any proposal that advocates for permanent or semi-permanent membership without a veto undoubtedly represents an introduction to an entirely new category that falls outside the scope of the existing categories of membership.","start":9680.51,"end":9700.472,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"Co-chairs,","start":9680.51,"end":9681.04},{"text":"any","start":9682.261,"end":9682.486},{"text":"proposal","start":9682.518,"end":9683.208},{"text":"that","start":9683.417,"end":9683.706},{"text":"advocates","start":9683.706,"end":9684.22},{"text":"for","start":9684.22,"end":9684.477},{"text":"permanent","start":9684.927,"end":9685.57},{"text":"or","start":9685.794,"end":9685.907},{"text":"semi-permanent","start":9685.907,"end":9686.79},{"text":"membership","start":9686.79,"end":9687.433},{"text":"without","start":9687.899,"end":9688.38},{"text":"a","start":9688.38,"end":9688.461},{"text":"veto","start":9689.023,"end":9689.408},{"text":"undoubtedly","start":9689.73,"end":9690.356},{"text":"represents","start":9690.404,"end":9691.127},{"text":"an","start":9691.657,"end":9691.705},{"text":"introduction","start":9691.753,"end":9692.604},{"text":"to","start":9692.636,"end":9692.733},{"text":"an","start":9693.102,"end":9693.166},{"text":"entirely","start":9693.263,"end":9693.776},{"text":"new","start":9693.776,"end":9694.001},{"text":"category","start":9694.001,"end":9694.611},{"text":"that","start":9694.644,"end":9695.045},{"text":"falls","start":9695.045,"end":9695.334},{"text":"outside","start":9695.671,"end":9696.056},{"text":"the","start":9696.089,"end":9696.169},{"text":"scope","start":9696.169,"end":9696.57},{"text":"of","start":9696.57,"end":9696.667},{"text":"the","start":9697.277,"end":9697.566},{"text":"existing","start":9697.919,"end":9698.369},{"text":"categories","start":9698.417,"end":9699.027},{"text":"of","start":9699.766,"end":9699.91},{"text":"membership.","start":9699.942,"end":9700.472}]},{"text":"Ethiopia believes that reform of the Security Council is both necessary and urgent.","start":9701.965,"end":9707.425,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"Ethiopia","start":9701.965,"end":9702.431},{"text":"believes","start":9702.431,"end":9702.8},{"text":"that","start":9702.832,"end":9703.202},{"text":"reform","start":9703.394,"end":9703.812},{"text":"of","start":9703.86,"end":9703.972},{"text":"the","start":9704.021,"end":9704.101},{"text":"Security","start":9704.101,"end":9704.566},{"text":"Council","start":9704.583,"end":9705.048},{"text":"is","start":9705.161,"end":9705.225},{"text":"both","start":9705.562,"end":9705.755},{"text":"necessary","start":9705.867,"end":9706.413},{"text":"and","start":9706.75,"end":9706.895},{"text":"urgent.","start":9707.071,"end":9707.425}]},{"text":"Any meaningful reform must address the issue of veto and historical injustices that have excluded Africa from permanent representation.","start":9708.195,"end":9719.926,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."},{"key":"african-representation","label":"African Permanent Representation","description":"African states and their supporters emphasized that Africa remains excluded from permanent membership and veto power despite being central to much of the Council's agenda. They framed this as a historical injustice and called for permanent African seats with full prerogatives if the veto remains."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":9708.195,"end":9708.42},{"text":"meaningful","start":9708.757,"end":9709.351},{"text":"reform","start":9709.351,"end":9709.849},{"text":"must","start":9709.849,"end":9710.218},{"text":"address","start":9710.299,"end":9710.652},{"text":"the","start":9711.021,"end":9711.102},{"text":"issue","start":9711.262,"end":9711.455},{"text":"of","start":9711.567,"end":9711.712},{"text":"veto","start":9711.744,"end":9712.113},{"text":"and","start":9712.209,"end":9712.434},{"text":"historical","start":9712.852,"end":9713.462},{"text":"injustices","start":9713.526,"end":9714.168},{"text":"that","start":9715.116,"end":9715.357},{"text":"have","start":9715.357,"end":9715.646},{"text":"excluded","start":9715.919,"end":9716.529},{"text":"Africa","start":9716.946,"end":9717.443},{"text":"from","start":9717.443,"end":9717.795},{"text":"permanent","start":9718.468,"end":9719.061},{"text":"representation.","start":9719.061,"end":9719.926}]},{"text":"In conclusion, Ethiopia remains open to constructive dialogue on the future of the veto.","start":9720.968,"end":9727.121,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9720.968,"end":9721.112},{"text":"conclusion,","start":9721.112,"end":9721.737},{"text":"Ethiopia","start":9722.266,"end":9722.682},{"text":"remains","start":9722.73,"end":9723.099},{"text":"open","start":9723.275,"end":9723.5},{"text":"to","start":9723.596,"end":9723.74},{"text":"constructive","start":9723.772,"end":9725.038},{"text":"dialogue","start":9725.038,"end":9725.535},{"text":"on","start":9725.759,"end":9725.903},{"text":"the","start":9725.935,"end":9726.08},{"text":"future","start":9726.08,"end":9726.48},{"text":"of","start":9726.48,"end":9726.592},{"text":"the","start":9726.656,"end":9726.737},{"text":"veto.","start":9726.737,"end":9727.121}]},{"text":"We call upon all member states to demonstrate political will and commitment to comprehensive Security Council reform.","start":9727.762,"end":9735.758,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9727.762,"end":9727.922},{"text":"call","start":9727.922,"end":9728.115},{"text":"upon","start":9728.163,"end":9728.451},{"text":"all","start":9728.804,"end":9728.98},{"text":"member","start":9728.98,"end":9729.364},{"text":"states","start":9729.364,"end":9729.717},{"text":"to","start":9729.925,"end":9730.038},{"text":"demonstrate","start":9730.166,"end":9730.855},{"text":"political","start":9730.983,"end":9731.56},{"text":"will","start":9731.624,"end":9731.928},{"text":"and","start":9732.008,"end":9732.153},{"text":"commitment","start":9732.329,"end":9733.066},{"text":"to","start":9733.467,"end":9733.627},{"text":"comprehensive","start":9733.627,"end":9734.316},{"text":"Security","start":9734.364,"end":9734.909},{"text":"Council","start":9734.909,"end":9735.39},{"text":"reform.","start":9735.39,"end":9735.758}]},{"text":"The credibility of the United Nations depends on its ability to adapt to changing global realities.","start":9736.495,"end":9743.129,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9736.495,"end":9736.672},{"text":"credibility","start":9736.736,"end":9737.393},{"text":"of","start":9737.393,"end":9737.521},{"text":"the","start":9737.553,"end":9737.617},{"text":"United","start":9737.617,"end":9738.034},{"text":"Nations","start":9738.034,"end":9738.402},{"text":"depends","start":9738.514,"end":9738.963},{"text":"on","start":9739.139,"end":9739.203},{"text":"its","start":9739.556,"end":9739.668},{"text":"ability","start":9739.78,"end":9740.325},{"text":"to","start":9740.838,"end":9740.982},{"text":"adapt","start":9740.998,"end":9741.415},{"text":"to","start":9741.415,"end":9741.607},{"text":"changing","start":9741.639,"end":9742.088},{"text":"global","start":9742.12,"end":9742.6},{"text":"realities.","start":9742.6,"end":9743.129}]},{"text":"and to represent all regions equitably.","start":9743.791,"end":9746.846,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":9743.791,"end":9744.017},{"text":"to","start":9744.146,"end":9744.292},{"text":"represent","start":9744.292,"end":9744.955},{"text":"all","start":9745.246,"end":9745.359},{"text":"regions","start":9745.44,"end":9745.876},{"text":"equitably.","start":9746.297,"end":9746.846}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":9747.38,"end":9747.914,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9747.38,"end":9747.412},{"text":"thank","start":9747.526,"end":9747.833},{"text":"you.","start":9747.833,"end":9747.914}]},{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Ethiopia, and I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Maldives.","start":9749.207,"end":9756.187,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9749.207,"end":9749.256},{"text":"thank","start":9749.304,"end":9749.773},{"text":"the","start":9749.773,"end":9749.87},{"text":"distinguished","start":9749.87,"end":9750.355},{"text":"representative","start":9750.355,"end":9751.163},{"text":"of","start":9751.163,"end":9751.293},{"text":"Ethiopia,","start":9751.341,"end":9752.053},{"text":"and","start":9752.618,"end":9752.683},{"text":"I","start":9752.715,"end":9752.732},{"text":"give","start":9752.78,"end":9752.91},{"text":"the","start":9752.91,"end":9752.959},{"text":"floor","start":9752.959,"end":9753.286},{"text":"to","start":9753.434,"end":9753.565},{"text":"the","start":9753.581,"end":9753.68},{"text":"distinguished","start":9753.68,"end":9754.204},{"text":"representative","start":9754.204,"end":9755.04},{"text":"of","start":9755.171,"end":9755.367},{"text":"the","start":9755.4,"end":9755.482},{"text":"Maldives.","start":9755.482,"end":9756.187}]},{"text":"Thank you, co-chairs.","start":9760.316,"end":9761.027,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9760.316,"end":9760.494},{"text":"you,","start":9760.494,"end":9760.591},{"text":"co-chairs.","start":9760.655,"end":9761.027}]},{"text":"The question of veto goes to the very credibility of the Security Council.","start":9761.771,"end":9765.797,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. 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They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":9783.854,"end":9783.95},{"text":"is","start":9783.95,"end":9784.063},{"text":"inconsistent","start":9784.239,"end":9785.122},{"text":"with","start":9785.122,"end":9785.235},{"text":"the","start":9785.283,"end":9785.379},{"text":"principle","start":9785.379,"end":9785.941},{"text":"of","start":9786.006,"end":9786.07},{"text":"sovereignty,","start":9786.102,"end":9786.744},{"text":"equality,","start":9787.21,"end":9787.772},{"text":"and","start":9787.852,"end":9788.013},{"text":"has","start":9788.013,"end":9788.077},{"text":"repeatedly","start":9788.253,"end":9788.88},{"text":"paralyzed","start":9788.912,"end":9789.506},{"text":"the","start":9789.554,"end":9789.634},{"text":"Council","start":9789.634,"end":9790.132},{"text":"in","start":9790.277,"end":9790.357},{"text":"the","start":9790.357,"end":9790.437},{"text":"face","start":9790.437,"end":9790.823},{"text":"of","start":9790.823,"end":9790.887},{"text":"grave","start":9790.983,"end":9791.208},{"text":"crises.","start":9791.24,"end":9791.69}]},{"text":"If abolition remains beyond reach, then at the very least use of veto must be limited, especially in situations involving genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes.","start":9792.525,"end":9804.936,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":9792.525,"end":9792.669},{"text":"abolition","start":9792.685,"end":9793.135},{"text":"remains","start":9793.247,"end":9793.777},{"text":"beyond","start":9793.97,"end":9794.339},{"text":"reach,","start":9794.371,"end":9794.419},{"text":"then","start":9795.179,"end":9795.309},{"text":"at","start":9796.053,"end":9796.231},{"text":"the","start":9796.231,"end":9796.344},{"text":"very","start":9797.121,"end":9797.412},{"text":"least","start":9797.428,"end":9797.833},{"text":"use","start":9797.833,"end":9798.108},{"text":"of","start":9798.172,"end":9798.302},{"text":"veto","start":9798.399,"end":9798.658},{"text":"must","start":9798.739,"end":9799.014},{"text":"be","start":9799.062,"end":9799.224},{"text":"limited,","start":9799.224,"end":9799.677},{"text":"especially","start":9799.968,"end":9800.486},{"text":"in","start":9800.502,"end":9800.648},{"text":"situations","start":9800.68,"end":9801.295},{"text":"involving","start":9801.473,"end":9801.861},{"text":"genocide,","start":9802.056,"end":9802.67},{"text":"crimes","start":9802.929,"end":9803.237},{"text":"against","start":9803.334,"end":9803.48},{"text":"humanity,","start":9803.48,"end":9804.094},{"text":"and","start":9804.143,"end":9804.369},{"text":"war","start":9804.386,"end":9804.564},{"text":"crimes.","start":9804.564,"end":9804.936}]},{"text":"The Maldives also supports efforts aimed to restrain accountability, including the Code of Conduct and the veto initiative.","start":9805.518,"end":9813.075,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9805.518,"end":9805.599},{"text":"Maldives","start":9805.599,"end":9805.955},{"text":"also","start":9806.085,"end":9806.344},{"text":"supports","start":9806.344,"end":9806.894},{"text":"efforts","start":9806.91,"end":9807.25},{"text":"aimed","start":9807.379,"end":9807.638},{"text":"to","start":9807.638,"end":9807.719},{"text":"restrain","start":9807.719,"end":9809.062},{"text":"accountability,","start":9809.159,"end":9809.904},{"text":"including","start":9809.968,"end":9810.438},{"text":"the","start":9810.47,"end":9810.535},{"text":"Code","start":9810.875,"end":9811.214},{"text":"of","start":9811.214,"end":9811.328},{"text":"Conduct","start":9811.425,"end":9811.91},{"text":"and","start":9811.91,"end":9812.007},{"text":"the","start":9812.007,"end":9812.088},{"text":"veto","start":9812.104,"end":9812.477},{"text":"initiative.","start":9812.477,"end":9813.075}]},{"text":"Second, if member states decide to create additional permanent seats, there cannot be a second class category of permanent members, equal status must mean equal rights and equal responsibilities.","start":9814.568,"end":9826.928,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":9814.568,"end":9814.955},{"text":"if","start":9815.374,"end":9815.503},{"text":"member","start":9815.519,"end":9815.842},{"text":"states","start":9815.842,"end":9816.325},{"text":"decide","start":9816.325,"end":9816.744},{"text":"to","start":9816.744,"end":9816.857},{"text":"create","start":9816.873,"end":9817.228},{"text":"additional","start":9817.292,"end":9817.743},{"text":"permanent","start":9817.776,"end":9818.259},{"text":"seats,","start":9818.259,"end":9818.662},{"text":"there","start":9818.984,"end":9819.129},{"text":"cannot","start":9819.129,"end":9819.419},{"text":"be","start":9819.468,"end":9819.629},{"text":"a","start":9819.629,"end":9819.693},{"text":"second","start":9819.693,"end":9820.032},{"text":"class","start":9820.062,"end":9820.382},{"text":"category","start":9820.382,"end":9820.832},{"text":"of","start":9820.864,"end":9820.992},{"text":"permanent","start":9821.024,"end":9821.489},{"text":"members,","start":9821.489,"end":9821.875},{"text":"equal","start":9822.372,"end":9822.629},{"text":"status","start":9822.629,"end":9823.19},{"text":"must","start":9823.19,"end":9823.447},{"text":"mean","start":9823.655,"end":9823.88},{"text":"equal","start":9824.458,"end":9824.859},{"text":"rights","start":9824.859,"end":9825.276},{"text":"and","start":9825.34,"end":9825.436},{"text":"equal","start":9825.5,"end":9825.934},{"text":"responsibilities.","start":9826.014,"end":9826.928}]},{"text":"A model that creates new permanent members without the same rights as existing permanent members would further institutionalize inequalities.","start":9827.361,"end":9835.592,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":9827.361,"end":9827.393},{"text":"model","start":9827.442,"end":9827.714},{"text":"that","start":9827.827,"end":9828.003},{"text":"creates","start":9828.003,"end":9828.468},{"text":"new","start":9828.484,"end":9828.581},{"text":"permanent","start":9828.725,"end":9829.19},{"text":"members","start":9829.206,"end":9829.575},{"text":"without","start":9829.672,"end":9830.025},{"text":"the","start":9830.073,"end":9830.105},{"text":"same","start":9830.105,"end":9830.49},{"text":"rights","start":9830.49,"end":9830.875},{"text":"as","start":9830.875,"end":9830.939},{"text":"existing","start":9830.971,"end":9831.42},{"text":"permanent","start":9831.854,"end":9832.335},{"text":"members","start":9832.335,"end":9832.704},{"text":"would","start":9832.88,"end":9832.993},{"text":"further","start":9833.041,"end":9833.538},{"text":"institutionalize","start":9833.923,"end":9834.79},{"text":"inequalities.","start":9834.886,"end":9835.592}]},{"text":"At the same time, let me underline that our preference is not for the expansion of the veto but for the movement towards an eventual elimination.","start":9836.121,"end":9844.817,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. 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you.","start":9892.255,"end":9892.758,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9892.255,"end":9892.303},{"text":"thank","start":9892.417,"end":9892.677},{"text":"you.","start":9892.677,"end":9892.758}]},{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the Maldives.","start":9895.859,"end":9898.656,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9895.859,"end":9895.908},{"text":"thank","start":9895.956,"end":9896.298},{"text":"the","start":9896.298,"end":9896.428},{"text":"distinguished","start":9896.428,"end":9896.916},{"text":"representative","start":9896.916,"end":9897.713},{"text":"of","start":9897.989,"end":9898.119},{"text":"the","start":9898.152,"end":9898.217},{"text":"Maldives.","start":9898.217,"end":9898.656}]},{"text":"And I give the floor to the Republic of Moldova.","start":9899.148,"end":9902.014,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9899.148,"end":9899.213},{"text":"I","start":9899.246,"end":9899.262},{"text":"give","start":9899.328,"end":9899.541},{"text":"the","start":9899.574,"end":9899.655},{"text":"floor","start":9899.655,"end":9899.934},{"text":"to","start":9900.147,"end":9900.278},{"text":"the","start":9900.294,"end":9900.376},{"text":"Republic","start":9900.376,"end":9900.9},{"text":"of","start":9901.441,"end":9901.506},{"text":"Moldova.","start":9901.539,"end":9902.014}]},{"text":"I thank the Co-Chairs for convening the 3rd meeting of the Intergovernmental Negotiations on the Question of 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Charter.","start":9925.622,"end":9935.812,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":9925.622,"end":9925.751},{"text":"goes","start":9925.767,"end":9926.057},{"text":"to","start":9926.17,"end":9926.266},{"text":"the","start":9926.315,"end":9926.476},{"text":"heart","start":9926.476,"end":9926.894},{"text":"of","start":9926.894,"end":9926.975},{"text":"the","start":9926.975,"end":9927.055},{"text":"credibility","start":9927.055,"end":9927.78},{"text":"of","start":9927.78,"end":9927.909},{"text":"collective","start":9927.925,"end":9928.44},{"text":"security","start":9928.44,"end":9929.052},{"text":"and","start":9929.47,"end":9929.615},{"text":"the","start":9929.631,"end":9929.68},{"text":"ability","start":9929.696,"end":9930.163},{"text":"of","start":9930.195,"end":9930.275},{"text":"the","start":9930.275,"end":9930.34},{"text":"United","start":9930.34,"end":9930.807},{"text":"Nations","start":9930.839,"end":9931.209},{"text":"to","start":9931.322,"end":9931.483},{"text":"act","start":9931.483,"end":9931.853},{"text":"in","start":9932.127,"end":9932.208},{"text":"accordance","start":9932.208,"end":9932.755},{"text":"with","start":9932.755,"end":9932.836},{"text":"the","start":9932.836,"end":9933.045},{"text":"purposes","start":9933.093,"end":9933.705},{"text":"and","start":9933.882,"end":9933.979},{"text":"principles","start":9933.979,"end":9934.494},{"text":"of","start":9934.526,"end":9934.574},{"text":"the","start":9934.574,"end":9934.687},{"text":"United","start":9934.687,"end":9935.089},{"text":"Nations","start":9935.089,"end":9935.426},{"text":"Charter.","start":9935.426,"end":9935.812}]},{"text":"On the issue of categories of membership, the Republic of Moldova has consistently pursued a flexible and pragmatic approach.","start":9937.339,"end":9944.483,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":9937.339,"end":9937.387},{"text":"the","start":9937.435,"end":9937.5},{"text":"issue","start":9937.5,"end":9937.805},{"text":"of","start":9937.821,"end":9937.966},{"text":"categories","start":9937.982,"end":9938.512},{"text":"of","start":9938.625,"end":9938.738},{"text":"membership,","start":9938.786,"end":9939.268},{"text":"the","start":9939.284,"end":9939.364},{"text":"Republic","start":9939.364,"end":9939.831},{"text":"of","start":9939.831,"end":9939.959},{"text":"Moldova","start":9939.959,"end":9940.458},{"text":"has","start":9940.474,"end":9940.618},{"text":"consistently","start":9940.715,"end":9941.422},{"text":"pursued","start":9941.454,"end":9941.952},{"text":"a","start":9941.952,"end":9942.097},{"text":"flexible","start":9942.097,"end":9942.772},{"text":"and","start":9942.821,"end":9943.03},{"text":"pragmatic","start":9943.03,"end":9944.112},{"text":"approach.","start":9944.112,"end":9944.483}]},{"text":"We do not exclude any configuration that would enhance representativeness, preserve regional balance, and maintain accountability through periodic and competitive elections.","start":9945.065,"end":9955.848,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9945.065,"end":9945.162},{"text":"do","start":9945.162,"end":9945.259},{"text":"not","start":9945.259,"end":9945.549},{"text":"exclude","start":9945.549,"end":9946.05},{"text":"any","start":9946.115,"end":9946.26},{"text":"configuration","start":9946.292,"end":9947.035},{"text":"that","start":9947.1,"end":9947.342},{"text":"would","start":9947.342,"end":9947.568},{"text":"enhance","start":9947.568,"end":9948.085},{"text":"representativeness,","start":9948.085,"end":9949.119},{"text":"preserve","start":9950.072,"end":9950.476},{"text":"regional","start":9950.476,"end":9950.912},{"text":"balance,","start":9950.976,"end":9951.461},{"text":"and","start":9951.776,"end":9951.856},{"text":"maintain","start":9951.872,"end":9952.401},{"text":"accountability","start":9952.61,"end":9953.523},{"text":"through","start":9953.555,"end":9953.844},{"text":"periodic","start":9953.876,"end":9954.437},{"text":"and","start":9954.437,"end":9954.678},{"text":"competitive","start":9954.678,"end":9955.383},{"text":"elections.","start":9955.383,"end":9955.848}]},{"text":"At the same time, reform must not create new inequalities or entrench existing ones under a different form.","start":9956.441,"end":9966.236,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":9956.441,"end":9956.505},{"text":"the","start":9956.505,"end":9956.553},{"text":"same","start":9956.585,"end":9956.794},{"text":"time,","start":9956.906,"end":9957.178},{"text":"reform","start":9958.06,"end":9958.493},{"text":"must","start":9958.493,"end":9958.829},{"text":"not","start":9958.829,"end":9959.182},{"text":"create","start":9959.471,"end":9959.904},{"text":"new","start":9959.904,"end":9960.064},{"text":"inequalities","start":9960.352,"end":9961.058},{"text":"or","start":9961.555,"end":9961.747},{"text":"entrench","start":9962.757,"end":9963.382},{"text":"existing","start":9963.735,"end":9964.232},{"text":"ones","start":9964.36,"end":9964.665},{"text":"under","start":9965.162,"end":9965.482},{"text":"a","start":9965.482,"end":9965.498},{"text":"different","start":9965.562,"end":9965.947},{"text":"form.","start":9965.963,"end":9966.236}]},{"text":"This should remain a fundamental benchmark for all proposals under consideration.","start":9966.765,"end":9972.728,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9966.765,"end":9966.941},{"text":"should","start":9966.941,"end":9967.278},{"text":"remain","start":9967.278,"end":9967.662},{"text":"a","start":9967.662,"end":9967.727},{"text":"fundamental","start":9967.727,"end":9968.4},{"text":"benchmark","start":9968.544,"end":9969.169},{"text":"for","start":9969.426,"end":9969.762},{"text":"all","start":9970.067,"end":9970.275},{"text":"proposals","start":9970.468,"end":9971.077},{"text":"under","start":9971.814,"end":9972.055},{"text":"consideration.","start":9972.055,"end":9972.728}]},{"text":"With regards to the proposal for a new category of permanent members, Without veto rights, concerns about the emergence of a two-tiered permanent membership can only be addressed if any new arrangements genuinely enhances inclusivity, improve regional balance and perseverance, preserves accountability to the wider membership.","start":9973.498,"end":10000.402,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."},{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"With","start":9973.498,"end":9974.395},{"text":"regards","start":9974.395,"end":9974.828},{"text":"to","start":9974.828,"end":9974.876},{"text":"the","start":9974.876,"end":9975.037},{"text":"proposal","start":9975.037,"end":9975.469},{"text":"for","start":9975.501,"end":9975.678},{"text":"a","start":9975.678,"end":9975.694},{"text":"new","start":9975.694,"end":9975.918},{"text":"category","start":9975.918,"end":9976.527},{"text":"of","start":9976.559,"end":9976.608},{"text":"permanent","start":9976.704,"end":9977.12},{"text":"members,","start":9977.12,"end":9977.569},{"text":"Without","start":9978.565,"end":9978.87},{"text":"veto","start":9978.966,"end":9979.303},{"text":"rights,","start":9979.352,"end":9979.785},{"text":"concerns","start":9979.994,"end":9980.54},{"text":"about","start":9980.588,"end":9981.037},{"text":"the","start":9981.037,"end":9981.086},{"text":"emergence","start":9981.118,"end":9981.888},{"text":"of","start":9982.322,"end":9982.37},{"text":"a","start":9982.418,"end":9982.579},{"text":"two-tiered","start":9982.579,"end":9983.59},{"text":"permanent","start":9984.185,"end":9984.602},{"text":"membership","start":9984.65,"end":9985.309},{"text":"can","start":9985.63,"end":9985.742},{"text":"only","start":9985.79,"end":9986.079},{"text":"be","start":9986.111,"end":9986.256},{"text":"addressed","start":9986.256,"end":9986.625},{"text":"if","start":9987.235,"end":9987.38},{"text":"any","start":9987.54,"end":9987.717},{"text":"new","start":9987.717,"end":9987.894},{"text":"arrangements","start":9988.038,"end":9988.632},{"text":"genuinely","start":9988.921,"end":9989.531},{"text":"enhances","start":9990.109,"end":9990.655},{"text":"inclusivity,","start":9990.768,"end":9991.538},{"text":"improve","start":9992.068,"end":9992.614},{"text":"regional","start":9992.614,"end":9993.064},{"text":"balance","start":9993.096,"end":9993.578},{"text":"and","start":9993.642,"end":9993.738},{"text":"perseverance,","start":9993.738,"end":9994.637},{"text":"preserves","start":9995.826,"end":9996.355},{"text":"accountability","start":9996.709,"end":9997.64},{"text":"to","start":9998.941,"end":9999.037},{"text":"the","start":9999.037,"end":9999.278},{"text":"wider","start":9999.342,"end":9999.695},{"text":"membership.","start":9999.695,"end":10000.402}]},{"text":"In our view, the objective should not be to replicate privilege, but to design a model that broadens representation while ensuring continued responsibility to the membership as a whole.","start":10000.787,"end":10015.407,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."},{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10000.787,"end":10000.835},{"text":"our","start":10000.867,"end":10001.108},{"text":"view,","start":10001.108,"end":10001.317},{"text":"the","start":10001.445,"end":10001.526},{"text":"objective","start":10001.526,"end":10002.168},{"text":"should","start":10002.168,"end":10002.473},{"text":"not","start":10002.473,"end":10002.714},{"text":"be","start":10002.714,"end":10002.923},{"text":"to","start":10004.256,"end":10004.352},{"text":"replicate","start":10004.513,"end":10005.14},{"text":"privilege,","start":10005.14,"end":10005.59},{"text":"but","start":10006.104,"end":10006.393},{"text":"to","start":10006.441,"end":10006.538},{"text":"design","start":10007.212,"end":10007.711},{"text":"a","start":10007.711,"end":10007.727},{"text":"model","start":10007.759,"end":10008.273},{"text":"that","start":10008.337,"end":10008.642},{"text":"broadens","start":10008.675,"end":10009.414},{"text":"representation","start":10009.558,"end":10010.571},{"text":"while","start":10011.069,"end":10011.31},{"text":"ensuring","start":10011.31,"end":10011.776},{"text":"continued","start":10011.888,"end":10012.547},{"text":"responsibility","start":10012.547,"end":10013.543},{"text":"to","start":10013.575,"end":10013.672},{"text":"the","start":10013.672,"end":10013.816},{"text":"membership","start":10013.816,"end":10014.443},{"text":"as","start":10014.861,"end":10014.909},{"text":"a","start":10015.021,"end":10015.086},{"text":"whole.","start":10015.086,"end":10015.407}]},{"text":"In this regard, regular review and meaningful accountability should remain a central component of any reform package.","start":10015.825,"end":10023.617,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10015.825,"end":10015.889},{"text":"this","start":10015.905,"end":10016.13},{"text":"regard,","start":10016.13,"end":10016.628},{"text":"regular","start":10017.174,"end":10017.512},{"text":"review","start":10017.512,"end":10017.849},{"text":"and","start":10017.994,"end":10018.154},{"text":"meaningful","start":10018.492,"end":10018.974},{"text":"accountability","start":10018.974,"end":10019.761},{"text":"should","start":10019.761,"end":10020.018},{"text":"remain","start":10020.018,"end":10020.372},{"text":"a","start":10020.95,"end":10020.982},{"text":"central","start":10020.982,"end":10021.48},{"text":"component","start":10021.754,"end":10022.396},{"text":"of","start":10022.396,"end":10022.557},{"text":"any","start":10022.557,"end":10022.734},{"text":"reform","start":10022.734,"end":10023.2},{"text":"package.","start":10023.216,"end":10023.617}]},{"text":"Distinguished co-chairs, on vacation of extensive— extending full veto right to any new permanent members.","start":10024.678,"end":10032.741,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":10024.678,"end":10025.128},{"text":"co-chairs,","start":10025.144,"end":10025.594},{"text":"on","start":10026.027,"end":10026.076},{"text":"vacation","start":10026.172,"end":10027.04},{"text":"of","start":10027.136,"end":10027.409},{"text":"extensive—","start":10027.554,"end":10028.582},{"text":"extending","start":10028.582,"end":10029.193},{"text":"full","start":10030.028,"end":10030.285},{"text":"veto","start":10030.285,"end":10030.59},{"text":"right","start":10030.59,"end":10030.895},{"text":"to","start":10030.943,"end":10031.088},{"text":"any","start":10031.088,"end":10031.328},{"text":"new","start":10031.328,"end":10031.505},{"text":"permanent","start":10031.971,"end":10032.372},{"text":"members.","start":10032.372,"end":10032.741}]},{"text":"My delegation believes that the veto remains at the core of Security Council reform.","start":10033.4,"end":10037.654,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":10033.4,"end":10033.576},{"text":"delegation","start":10033.576,"end":10034.106},{"text":"believes","start":10034.138,"end":10034.427},{"text":"that","start":10034.524,"end":10034.684},{"text":"the","start":10034.684,"end":10034.845},{"text":"veto","start":10034.845,"end":10035.118},{"text":"remains","start":10035.166,"end":10035.551},{"text":"at","start":10035.824,"end":10035.952},{"text":"the","start":10035.969,"end":10036.129},{"text":"core","start":10036.129,"end":10036.322},{"text":"of","start":10036.37,"end":10036.45},{"text":"Security","start":10036.45,"end":10036.932},{"text":"Council","start":10036.932,"end":10037.221},{"text":"reform.","start":10037.221,"end":10037.654}]},{"text":"The growing use of the veto in recent years, often preventing action in situations of grave humanitarian concern, is deeply troubling.","start":10038.072,"end":10047.673,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10038.072,"end":10038.232},{"text":"growing","start":10038.232,"end":10038.521},{"text":"use","start":10038.65,"end":10038.939},{"text":"of","start":10038.939,"end":10039.035},{"text":"the","start":10039.035,"end":10039.276},{"text":"veto","start":10039.421,"end":10039.806},{"text":"in","start":10039.918,"end":10040.063},{"text":"recent","start":10040.063,"end":10040.545},{"text":"years,","start":10040.545,"end":10040.769},{"text":"often","start":10040.946,"end":10041.251},{"text":"preventing","start":10042.327,"end":10043.017},{"text":"action","start":10043.435,"end":10043.659},{"text":"in","start":10043.756,"end":10043.852},{"text":"situations","start":10043.852,"end":10044.542},{"text":"of","start":10044.559,"end":10044.719},{"text":"grave","start":10044.735,"end":10045.121},{"text":"humanitarian","start":10045.121,"end":10045.875},{"text":"concern,","start":10046.004,"end":10046.389},{"text":"is","start":10046.758,"end":10046.871},{"text":"deeply","start":10046.903,"end":10047.224},{"text":"troubling.","start":10047.224,"end":10047.673}]},{"text":"For this— that region, our priority is not the expansion of the veto but the strengthening of accountability and restraint in its use.","start":10048.428,"end":10057.389,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."},{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":10048.428,"end":10048.765},{"text":"this—","start":10048.974,"end":10049.247},{"text":"that","start":10049.311,"end":10049.552},{"text":"region,","start":10049.616,"end":10049.921},{"text":"our","start":10050.098,"end":10050.146},{"text":"priority","start":10050.194,"end":10050.724},{"text":"is","start":10050.74,"end":10050.804},{"text":"not","start":10050.917,"end":10051.158},{"text":"the","start":10051.158,"end":10051.414},{"text":"expansion","start":10051.479,"end":10052.121},{"text":"of","start":10052.121,"end":10052.201},{"text":"the","start":10052.201,"end":10052.362},{"text":"veto","start":10052.426,"end":10052.731},{"text":"but","start":10052.827,"end":10053.02},{"text":"the","start":10053.068,"end":10053.245},{"text":"strengthening","start":10053.245,"end":10053.823},{"text":"of","start":10054.128,"end":10054.208},{"text":"accountability","start":10054.208,"end":10055.059},{"text":"and","start":10055.397,"end":10055.477},{"text":"restraint","start":10055.477,"end":10056.216},{"text":"in","start":10056.216,"end":10056.264},{"text":"its","start":10056.457,"end":10056.73},{"text":"use.","start":10057.164,"end":10057.389}]},{"text":"In this context, we see merit in approaches that may help build broader convergence around veto reform, particularly those aimed at limiting its scope and use.","start":10059.109,"end":10071.548,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10059.109,"end":10059.157},{"text":"this","start":10059.189,"end":10059.43},{"text":"context,","start":10059.43,"end":10059.896},{"text":"we","start":10059.976,"end":10060.169},{"text":"see","start":10060.41,"end":10060.812},{"text":"merit","start":10060.812,"end":10061.262},{"text":"in","start":10061.439,"end":10061.519},{"text":"approaches","start":10061.519,"end":10062.13},{"text":"that","start":10062.563,"end":10062.804},{"text":"may","start":10062.804,"end":10063.045},{"text":"help","start":10063.11,"end":10063.511},{"text":"build","start":10063.833,"end":10064.492},{"text":"broader","start":10064.556,"end":10064.894},{"text":"convergence","start":10064.894,"end":10065.684},{"text":"around","start":10065.764,"end":10066.167},{"text":"veto","start":10066.167,"end":10066.489},{"text":"reform,","start":10066.489,"end":10066.908},{"text":"particularly","start":10067.311,"end":10067.955},{"text":"those","start":10067.955,"end":10068.245},{"text":"aimed","start":10068.503,"end":10068.809},{"text":"at","start":10069.163,"end":10069.308},{"text":"limiting","start":10069.308,"end":10069.776},{"text":"its","start":10070.227,"end":10070.726},{"text":"scope","start":10070.726,"end":10071.08},{"text":"and","start":10071.177,"end":10071.241},{"text":"use.","start":10071.322,"end":10071.548}]},{"text":"The Republic of Moldova supports the France-Mexico initiative on voluntary veto restraints in situations of mass atrocity crimes, reaffirms its Commitment to Act Code of Conduct and welcome the implementation of General Assembly Resolution 76262.","start":10071.966,"end":10090.104,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10071.966,"end":10071.999},{"text":"Republic","start":10071.999,"end":10072.45},{"text":"of","start":10072.45,"end":10072.546},{"text":"Moldova","start":10072.546,"end":10072.885},{"text":"supports","start":10072.885,"end":10073.32},{"text":"the","start":10073.32,"end":10073.433},{"text":"France-Mexico","start":10073.433,"end":10075.064},{"text":"initiative","start":10075.064,"end":10075.662},{"text":"on","start":10075.678,"end":10075.743},{"text":"voluntary","start":10075.84,"end":10076.389},{"text":"veto","start":10076.405,"end":10076.744},{"text":"restraints","start":10076.744,"end":10077.423},{"text":"in","start":10078.198,"end":10078.279},{"text":"situations","start":10078.279,"end":10078.845},{"text":"of","start":10078.845,"end":10078.942},{"text":"mass","start":10078.99,"end":10079.281},{"text":"atrocity","start":10079.652,"end":10080.266},{"text":"crimes,","start":10080.299,"end":10080.751},{"text":"reaffirms","start":10080.783,"end":10081.316},{"text":"its","start":10081.51,"end":10083.546},{"text":"Commitment","start":10081.66,"end":10082.099},{"text":"to","start":10082.099,"end":10082.278},{"text":"Act","start":10082.734,"end":10083.06},{"text":"Code","start":10083.06,"end":10083.386},{"text":"of","start":10083.386,"end":10083.532},{"text":"Conduct","start":10083.549,"end":10084.005},{"text":"and","start":10084.461,"end":10084.526},{"text":"welcome","start":10084.624,"end":10085.177},{"text":"the","start":10085.194,"end":10085.275},{"text":"implementation","start":10085.438,"end":10086.138},{"text":"of","start":10086.154,"end":10086.22},{"text":"General","start":10086.317,"end":10086.562},{"text":"Assembly","start":10086.562,"end":10086.92},{"text":"Resolution","start":10086.92,"end":10087.36},{"text":"76262.","start":10088.98,"end":10090.104}]},{"text":"As for possible qualifying mechanisms, my delegation believes that any such approach should strike a careful balance between the prerogatives of permanent members and the accountability of Council to the wider UN membership.","start":10091.245,"end":10107.102,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":10091.245,"end":10091.31},{"text":"for","start":10091.406,"end":10091.535},{"text":"possible","start":10091.663,"end":10092.74},{"text":"qualifying","start":10092.853,"end":10093.64},{"text":"mechanisms,","start":10093.897,"end":10094.363},{"text":"my","start":10094.46,"end":10094.588},{"text":"delegation","start":10094.701,"end":10095.247},{"text":"believes","start":10095.344,"end":10095.649},{"text":"that","start":10095.745,"end":10095.986},{"text":"any","start":10096.067,"end":10096.244},{"text":"such","start":10096.244,"end":10096.533},{"text":"approach","start":10096.581,"end":10096.902},{"text":"should","start":10096.967,"end":10097.208},{"text":"strike","start":10097.208,"end":10097.738},{"text":"a","start":10098.561,"end":10098.61},{"text":"careful","start":10098.658,"end":10099.095},{"text":"balance","start":10099.208,"end":10099.435},{"text":"between","start":10099.548,"end":10099.92},{"text":"the","start":10099.952,"end":10100.114},{"text":"prerogatives","start":10100.114,"end":10101.473},{"text":"of","start":10101.473,"end":10101.538},{"text":"permanent","start":10101.57,"end":10102.055},{"text":"members","start":10102.055,"end":10102.427},{"text":"and","start":10102.945,"end":10103.01},{"text":"the","start":10103.026,"end":10103.171},{"text":"accountability","start":10103.171,"end":10103.899},{"text":"of","start":10103.899,"end":10103.964},{"text":"Council","start":10104.401,"end":10104.87},{"text":"to","start":10105.711,"end":10105.841},{"text":"the","start":10105.841,"end":10105.938},{"text":"wider","start":10105.938,"end":10106.439},{"text":"UN","start":10106.504,"end":10106.714},{"text":"membership.","start":10106.811,"end":10107.102}]},{"text":"For the Republic of Moldova, the way forward is clear.","start":10132.812,"end":10135.793,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":10132.812,"end":10132.924},{"text":"the","start":10132.924,"end":10132.988},{"text":"Republic","start":10132.988,"end":10133.453},{"text":"of","start":10133.453,"end":10133.533},{"text":"Moldova,","start":10133.533,"end":10134.03},{"text":"the","start":10134.094,"end":10134.334},{"text":"way","start":10134.799,"end":10134.896},{"text":"forward","start":10134.96,"end":10135.457},{"text":"is","start":10135.457,"end":10135.505},{"text":"clear.","start":10135.617,"end":10135.793}]},{"text":"Reform must enhance equitable representation, strengthen accountability, and restore confidence in the Council's ability to act on behalf of all member states.","start":10135.938,"end":10145.684,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"Reform","start":10135.938,"end":10136.386},{"text":"must","start":10136.418,"end":10136.723},{"text":"enhance","start":10136.723,"end":10137.14},{"text":"equitable","start":10137.14,"end":10138.567},{"text":"representation,","start":10138.887,"end":10139.609},{"text":"strengthen","start":10139.625,"end":10140.057},{"text":"accountability,","start":10140.106,"end":10140.891},{"text":"and","start":10141.372,"end":10141.452},{"text":"restore","start":10141.452,"end":10141.869},{"text":"confidence","start":10141.869,"end":10142.574},{"text":"in","start":10142.606,"end":10142.686},{"text":"the","start":10142.735,"end":10142.895},{"text":"Council's","start":10142.895,"end":10143.312},{"text":"ability","start":10143.312,"end":10143.777},{"text":"to","start":10143.873,"end":10143.969},{"text":"act","start":10144.017,"end":10144.257},{"text":"on","start":10144.257,"end":10144.354},{"text":"behalf","start":10144.354,"end":10144.738},{"text":"of","start":10144.738,"end":10144.883},{"text":"all","start":10144.979,"end":10145.027},{"text":"member","start":10145.075,"end":10145.396},{"text":"states.","start":10145.396,"end":10145.684}]},{"text":"We remain committed to engaging constructively with all partners in pursuit of a balanced, credible, and broadly supported outcome.","start":10146.117,"end":10154.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10146.117,"end":10146.213},{"text":"remain","start":10146.213,"end":10146.486},{"text":"committed","start":10146.582,"end":10147.047},{"text":"to","start":10147.079,"end":10147.207},{"text":"engaging","start":10147.255,"end":10148.97},{"text":"constructively","start":10149.067,"end":10149.852},{"text":"with","start":10149.868,"end":10150.141},{"text":"all","start":10150.285,"end":10150.413},{"text":"partners","start":10150.429,"end":10150.814},{"text":"in","start":10151.167,"end":10151.215},{"text":"pursuit","start":10151.327,"end":10151.776},{"text":"of","start":10151.808,"end":10151.968},{"text":"a","start":10151.968,"end":10152.112},{"text":"balanced,","start":10152.112,"end":10152.609},{"text":"credible,","start":10152.85,"end":10153.283},{"text":"and","start":10153.475,"end":10153.571},{"text":"broadly","start":10153.571,"end":10153.892},{"text":"supported","start":10153.908,"end":10154.549},{"text":"outcome.","start":10154.597,"end":10154.95}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":10155.174,"end":10155.687,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10155.174,"end":10155.19},{"text":"thank","start":10155.255,"end":10155.495},{"text":"you.","start":10155.495,"end":10155.687}]},{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the Republic of Moldova.","start":10156.842,"end":10161.186,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10156.842,"end":10156.89},{"text":"thank","start":10157.002,"end":10157.322},{"text":"the","start":10157.322,"end":10157.419},{"text":"distinguished","start":10157.419,"end":10157.884},{"text":"representative","start":10157.884,"end":10158.829},{"text":"of","start":10159.006,"end":10159.15},{"text":"the","start":10159.727,"end":10159.759},{"text":"Republic","start":10159.759,"end":10160.24},{"text":"of","start":10160.288,"end":10160.368},{"text":"Moldova.","start":10160.368,"end":10161.186}]},{"text":"And I give the floor to the last speaker on our list this morning, Philippines, please.","start":10161.346,"end":10166.556,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10161.346,"end":10161.41},{"text":"I","start":10161.426,"end":10161.458},{"text":"give","start":10161.506,"end":10161.715},{"text":"the","start":10161.747,"end":10161.827},{"text":"floor","start":10161.827,"end":10162.228},{"text":"to","start":10162.228,"end":10162.372},{"text":"the","start":10162.372,"end":10162.452},{"text":"last","start":10162.468,"end":10162.628},{"text":"speaker","start":10162.628,"end":10163.19},{"text":"on","start":10163.19,"end":10163.238},{"text":"our","start":10163.334,"end":10163.494},{"text":"list","start":10163.494,"end":10163.847},{"text":"this","start":10164.055,"end":10164.119},{"text":"morning,","start":10164.248,"end":10164.6},{"text":"Philippines,","start":10165.498,"end":10165.963},{"text":"please.","start":10166.299,"end":10166.556}]},{"text":"Thank you, co-chairs.","start":10167.918,"end":10168.848,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10167.918,"end":10168.175},{"text":"you,","start":10168.175,"end":10168.255},{"text":"co-chairs.","start":10168.319,"end":10168.848}]},{"text":"The Philippines thanks you for convening today's meeting and for your continued efforts in advancing the IGN 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of Moldova","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":79,"start":10175.372,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1m/k1mb3km068?lang=en&t=10176","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"in a transparent and inclusive manner.","start":10175.372,"end":10177.072,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"in","start":10175.372,"end":10175.453},{"text":"a","start":10175.453,"end":10175.517},{"text":"transparent","start":10175.517,"end":10175.998},{"text":"and","start":10175.998,"end":10176.11},{"text":"inclusive","start":10176.11,"end":10176.703},{"text":"manner.","start":10176.719,"end":10177.072}]},{"text":"The Philippines reiterates its longstanding position that common ground among member states may be achieved 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measures that promote restraint restraint and greater accountability in the use of the veto.","start":10183.708,"end":10188.422,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. 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The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"practical","start":10183.708,"end":10184.189},{"text":"measures","start":10184.189,"end":10184.718},{"text":"that","start":10184.75,"end":10184.878},{"text":"promote","start":10184.91,"end":10185.311},{"text":"restraint","start":10185.311,"end":10185.824},{"text":"restraint","start":10185.536,"end":10185.792},{"text":"and","start":10186.113,"end":10186.177},{"text":"greater","start":10186.257,"end":10186.514},{"text":"accountability","start":10186.514,"end":10187.364},{"text":"in","start":10187.396,"end":10187.444},{"text":"the","start":10187.556,"end":10187.604},{"text":"use","start":10187.62,"end":10187.877},{"text":"of","start":10187.877,"end":10187.973},{"text":"the","start":10187.973,"end":10188.053},{"text":"veto.","start":10188.053,"end":10188.422}]},{"text":"While the abolishment of the veto remains our aspiration, it is equally important to pursue concrete steps that mitigate its adverse effects.","start":10189.143,"end":10196.744,"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. 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Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10197.417,"end":10197.497},{"text":"this","start":10197.497,"end":10197.738},{"text":"regard,","start":10197.738,"end":10198.187},{"text":"we","start":10198.444,"end":10198.476},{"text":"support","start":10198.476,"end":10198.941},{"text":"voluntary","start":10198.941,"end":10199.47},{"text":"restraint,","start":10199.502,"end":10200.143},{"text":"including","start":10200.4,"end":10200.833},{"text":"through","start":10200.961,"end":10201.073},{"text":"the","start":10201.089,"end":10201.185},{"text":"French-Mexican","start":10201.185,"end":10202.035},{"text":"initiative","start":10202.228,"end":10202.837},{"text":"and","start":10203.27,"end":10203.334},{"text":"the","start":10203.35,"end":10203.43},{"text":"ACT","start":10203.494,"end":10203.895},{"text":"Code","start":10203.976,"end":10204.152},{"text":"of","start":10204.152,"end":10204.28},{"text":"Conduct,","start":10204.296,"end":10204.793},{"text":"particularly","start":10205.114,"end":10205.82},{"text":"in","start":10205.836,"end":10205.916},{"text":"situations","start":10205.916,"end":10206.685},{"text":"involving","start":10206.717,"end":10207.166},{"text":"mass","start":10207.199,"end":10207.423},{"text":"atrocities.","start":10207.423,"end":10207.968}]},{"text":"We encourage the permanent members of the Security Council to demonstrate leadership by exercising restraint in the use of the veto and by supporting initiatives that promote accountability and transparency.","start":10209.043,"end":10220.084,"topics":[{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10209.043,"end":10209.123},{"text":"encourage","start":10209.123,"end":10209.572},{"text":"the","start":10209.668,"end":10209.764},{"text":"permanent","start":10209.764,"end":10210.229},{"text":"members","start":10210.229,"end":10210.614},{"text":"of","start":10210.662,"end":10210.742},{"text":"the","start":10210.742,"end":10210.822},{"text":"Security","start":10210.822,"end":10211.255},{"text":"Council","start":10211.287,"end":10211.913},{"text":"to","start":10211.913,"end":10211.961},{"text":"demonstrate","start":10212.009,"end":10212.57},{"text":"leadership","start":10212.57,"end":10213.147},{"text":"by","start":10213.452,"end":10213.533},{"text":"exercising","start":10213.597,"end":10214.223},{"text":"restraint","start":10214.255,"end":10214.817},{"text":"in","start":10214.817,"end":10214.898},{"text":"the","start":10214.898,"end":10214.978},{"text":"use","start":10215.042,"end":10215.219},{"text":"of","start":10215.219,"end":10215.299},{"text":"the","start":10215.299,"end":10215.379},{"text":"veto","start":10215.46,"end":10215.861},{"text":"and","start":10216.246,"end":10216.327},{"text":"by","start":10216.343,"end":10216.439},{"text":"supporting","start":10216.439,"end":10216.953},{"text":"initiatives","start":10217.065,"end":10217.675},{"text":"that","start":10217.772,"end":10217.868},{"text":"promote","start":10217.868,"end":10218.253},{"text":"accountability","start":10218.253,"end":10219.04},{"text":"and","start":10219.233,"end":10219.297},{"text":"transparency.","start":10219.329,"end":10220.084}]},{"text":"We also underscore the importance of enhanced engagement of the General Assembly in situations where the Security Council is unable to act due to the use of the veto.","start":10221.224,"end":10230.007,"topics":[{"key":"general-assembly-role","label":"Stronger General Assembly Role","description":"Several delegations urged a more active role for the General Assembly when the Security Council is blocked by a veto. They highlighted Assembly debates, emergency sessions, and follow-up action as ways to preserve accountability and sustain multilateral response."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10221.224,"end":10221.304},{"text":"also","start":10221.384,"end":10221.609},{"text":"underscore","start":10221.625,"end":10222.139},{"text":"the","start":10222.203,"end":10222.348},{"text":"importance","start":10222.348,"end":10222.926},{"text":"of","start":10222.926,"end":10223.022},{"text":"enhanced","start":10223.022,"end":10223.424},{"text":"engagement","start":10223.424,"end":10224.066},{"text":"of","start":10224.066,"end":10224.146},{"text":"the","start":10224.194,"end":10224.275},{"text":"General","start":10224.275,"end":10224.564},{"text":"Assembly","start":10224.612,"end":10225.061},{"text":"in","start":10225.495,"end":10225.575},{"text":"situations","start":10225.575,"end":10226.346},{"text":"where","start":10226.378,"end":10226.458},{"text":"the","start":10226.458,"end":10226.539},{"text":"Security","start":10226.539,"end":10226.988},{"text":"Council","start":10227.02,"end":10227.47},{"text":"is","start":10227.582,"end":10227.679},{"text":"unable","start":10227.679,"end":10228.096},{"text":"to","start":10228.144,"end":10228.273},{"text":"act","start":10228.289,"end":10228.61},{"text":"due","start":10228.947,"end":10229.092},{"text":"to","start":10229.092,"end":10229.172},{"text":"the","start":10229.188,"end":10229.332},{"text":"use","start":10229.332,"end":10229.525},{"text":"of","start":10229.525,"end":10229.573},{"text":"the","start":10229.605,"end":10229.75},{"text":"veto.","start":10229.75,"end":10230.007}]},{"text":"The veto initiative allows the broader membership to articulate collective positions and helps ensure that their voices are not sidelined.","start":10231.018,"end":10237.907,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."},{"key":"general-assembly-role","label":"Stronger General Assembly Role","description":"Several delegations urged a more active role for the General Assembly when the Security Council is blocked by a veto. They highlighted Assembly debates, emergency sessions, and follow-up action as ways to preserve accountability and sustain multilateral response."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10231.018,"end":10231.099},{"text":"veto","start":10231.115,"end":10231.356},{"text":"initiative","start":10231.436,"end":10232.062},{"text":"allows","start":10232.062,"end":10232.367},{"text":"the","start":10232.399,"end":10232.544},{"text":"broader","start":10232.544,"end":10232.817},{"text":"membership","start":10232.817,"end":10233.427},{"text":"to","start":10233.427,"end":10233.475},{"text":"articulate","start":10233.507,"end":10234.085},{"text":"collective","start":10234.085,"end":10234.535},{"text":"positions","start":10234.567,"end":10235.177},{"text":"and","start":10235.434,"end":10235.514},{"text":"helps","start":10235.53,"end":10235.787},{"text":"ensure","start":10235.851,"end":10236.237},{"text":"that","start":10236.237,"end":10236.397},{"text":"their","start":10236.397,"end":10236.462},{"text":"voices","start":10236.574,"end":10236.943},{"text":"are","start":10236.991,"end":10237.12},{"text":"not","start":10237.12,"end":10237.248},{"text":"sidelined.","start":10237.377,"end":10237.907}]},{"text":"In addition, the Philippines sees merit in revitalizing underutilized provisions of the UN Charter, including Article 27 on the obligatory absent— abstention of parties to a dispute.","start":10238.822,"end":10250.238,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10238.822,"end":10238.87},{"text":"addition,","start":10238.982,"end":10239.416},{"text":"the","start":10239.625,"end":10239.705},{"text":"Philippines","start":10239.705,"end":10240.283},{"text":"sees","start":10240.283,"end":10240.556},{"text":"merit","start":10240.588,"end":10241.07},{"text":"in","start":10241.07,"end":10241.166},{"text":"revitalizing","start":10241.214,"end":10242.001},{"text":"underutilized","start":10242.194,"end":10243.045},{"text":"provisions","start":10243.061,"end":10243.607},{"text":"of","start":10243.639,"end":10243.719},{"text":"the","start":10243.719,"end":10243.864},{"text":"UN","start":10243.864,"end":10244.056},{"text":"Charter,","start":10244.105,"end":10244.506},{"text":"including","start":10245.084,"end":10245.453},{"text":"Article","start":10245.55,"end":10245.951},{"text":"27","start":10245.951,"end":10246.77},{"text":"on","start":10247.091,"end":10247.139},{"text":"the","start":10247.171,"end":10247.236},{"text":"obligatory","start":10247.316,"end":10247.942},{"text":"absent—","start":10248.038,"end":10248.456},{"text":"abstention","start":10248.456,"end":10248.905},{"text":"of","start":10249.018,"end":10249.146},{"text":"parties","start":10249.178,"end":10249.548},{"text":"to","start":10249.58,"end":10249.74},{"text":"a","start":10249.74,"end":10249.821},{"text":"dispute.","start":10249.821,"end":10250.238}]},{"text":"We take note of the emerging draft initiative to fully implement and adhere this provision and stand ready to engage constructively with its proponents to ensure that any approach is consistent with the Charter and operationally feasible.","start":10250.945,"end":10264.079,"topics":[{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10250.945,"end":10251.089},{"text":"take","start":10251.089,"end":10251.33},{"text":"note","start":10251.346,"end":10251.603},{"text":"of","start":10251.603,"end":10251.731},{"text":"the","start":10251.731,"end":10251.796},{"text":"emerging","start":10251.812,"end":10252.197},{"text":"draft","start":10252.293,"end":10252.615},{"text":"initiative","start":10252.615,"end":10253.209},{"text":"to","start":10253.289,"end":10253.401},{"text":"fully","start":10253.417,"end":10253.642},{"text":"implement","start":10253.755,"end":10254.381},{"text":"and","start":10254.397,"end":10254.461},{"text":"adhere","start":10254.493,"end":10254.83},{"text":"this","start":10254.959,"end":10255.2},{"text":"provision","start":10255.2,"end":10255.73},{"text":"and","start":10256.243,"end":10256.308},{"text":"stand","start":10256.324,"end":10256.645},{"text":"ready","start":10256.645,"end":10256.934},{"text":"to","start":10256.95,"end":10257.046},{"text":"engage","start":10257.046,"end":10257.432},{"text":"constructively","start":10257.448,"end":10258.218},{"text":"with","start":10258.234,"end":10258.363},{"text":"its","start":10258.411,"end":10258.523},{"text":"proponents","start":10258.572,"end":10259.23},{"text":"to","start":10259.615,"end":10259.744},{"text":"ensure","start":10259.76,"end":10260.097},{"text":"that","start":10260.097,"end":10260.274},{"text":"any","start":10260.322,"end":10260.514},{"text":"approach","start":10260.579,"end":10261.044},{"text":"is","start":10261.076,"end":10261.189},{"text":"consistent","start":10261.221,"end":10261.927},{"text":"with","start":10261.927,"end":10262.008},{"text":"the","start":10262.008,"end":10262.104},{"text":"Charter","start":10262.104,"end":10262.57},{"text":"and","start":10262.666,"end":10262.73},{"text":"operationally","start":10262.827,"end":10263.597},{"text":"feasible.","start":10263.629,"end":10264.079}]},{"text":"These considerations are also relevant to the broader question of Security Council reform, including discussions on categories of membership.","start":10264.914,"end":10272.524,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":10264.914,"end":10265.042},{"text":"considerations","start":10265.139,"end":10265.973},{"text":"are","start":10265.973,"end":10266.038},{"text":"also","start":10266.182,"end":10266.375},{"text":"relevant","start":10266.375,"end":10266.985},{"text":"to","start":10266.985,"end":10267.065},{"text":"the","start":10267.065,"end":10267.129},{"text":"broader","start":10267.162,"end":10267.547},{"text":"question","start":10267.547,"end":10267.996},{"text":"of","start":10268.125,"end":10268.189},{"text":"Security","start":10268.205,"end":10268.687},{"text":"Council","start":10268.687,"end":10269.072},{"text":"reform,","start":10269.088,"end":10269.538},{"text":"including","start":10270.052,"end":10270.421},{"text":"discussions","start":10270.453,"end":10271.111},{"text":"on","start":10271.175,"end":10271.224},{"text":"categories","start":10271.32,"end":10271.946},{"text":"of","start":10271.978,"end":10272.075},{"text":"membership.","start":10272.075,"end":10272.524}]},{"text":"On proposals to create new permanent members with or without veto rights, the Philippines recognizes concerns regarding the possible emergence of a two-tiered structure within the permanent category.","start":10273.52,"end":10284.71,"topics":[{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":10273.52,"end":10273.632},{"text":"proposals","start":10273.664,"end":10274.194},{"text":"to","start":10274.226,"end":10274.37},{"text":"create","start":10274.37,"end":10274.708},{"text":"new","start":10274.708,"end":10274.868},{"text":"permanent","start":10274.868,"end":10275.35},{"text":"members","start":10275.35,"end":10275.719},{"text":"with","start":10275.992,"end":10276.185},{"text":"or","start":10276.217,"end":10276.265},{"text":"without","start":10276.377,"end":10276.779},{"text":"veto","start":10276.779,"end":10276.955},{"text":"rights,","start":10276.971,"end":10277.405},{"text":"the","start":10277.919,"end":10278.015},{"text":"Philippines","start":10278.063,"end":10278.625},{"text":"recognizes","start":10278.625,"end":10279.332},{"text":"concerns","start":10279.364,"end":10279.894},{"text":"regarding","start":10279.926,"end":10280.375},{"text":"the","start":10280.407,"end":10280.488},{"text":"possible","start":10280.488,"end":10280.937},{"text":"emergence","start":10281.033,"end":10281.676},{"text":"of","start":10281.676,"end":10281.772},{"text":"a","start":10281.772,"end":10281.916},{"text":"two-tiered","start":10281.916,"end":10282.414},{"text":"structure","start":10282.414,"end":10283.008},{"text":"within","start":10283.297,"end":10283.506},{"text":"the","start":10283.538,"end":10283.618},{"text":"permanent","start":10283.618,"end":10284.116},{"text":"category.","start":10284.116,"end":10284.71}]},{"text":"To help this process forward, expanding representation without extending the veto may be viewed as a pragmatic and transitional step toward a more representative council, provided that such arrangements do not entrench new hierarchies and remain subject to periodic review.","start":10285.69,"end":10301.106,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."},{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":10285.69,"end":10285.77},{"text":"help","start":10285.77,"end":10286.043},{"text":"this","start":10286.091,"end":10286.268},{"text":"process","start":10286.268,"end":10286.733},{"text":"forward,","start":10286.733,"end":10287.247},{"text":"expanding","start":10287.632,"end":10288.146},{"text":"representation","start":10288.194,"end":10289.029},{"text":"without","start":10289.077,"end":10289.35},{"text":"extending","start":10289.414,"end":10289.848},{"text":"the","start":10289.88,"end":10290.041},{"text":"veto","start":10290.041,"end":10290.426},{"text":"may","start":10290.522,"end":10290.619},{"text":"be","start":10290.683,"end":10290.779},{"text":"viewed","start":10290.779,"end":10291.1},{"text":"as","start":10291.1,"end":10291.18},{"text":"a","start":10291.18,"end":10291.309},{"text":"pragmatic","start":10291.309,"end":10292.031},{"text":"and","start":10292.047,"end":10292.208},{"text":"transitional","start":10292.208,"end":10292.85},{"text":"step","start":10292.85,"end":10293.155},{"text":"toward","start":10293.268,"end":10293.589},{"text":"a","start":10293.589,"end":10293.653},{"text":"more","start":10293.653,"end":10293.798},{"text":"representative","start":10293.798,"end":10294.553},{"text":"council,","start":10294.601,"end":10294.986},{"text":"provided","start":10295.661,"end":10296.223},{"text":"that","start":10296.223,"end":10296.336},{"text":"such","start":10296.336,"end":10296.625},{"text":"arrangements","start":10296.625,"end":10297.251},{"text":"do","start":10297.267,"end":10297.299},{"text":"not","start":10297.348,"end":10297.733},{"text":"entrench","start":10297.749,"end":10298.247},{"text":"new","start":10298.247,"end":10298.44},{"text":"hierarchies","start":10298.456,"end":10299.002},{"text":"and","start":10299.195,"end":10299.259},{"text":"remain","start":10299.339,"end":10299.661},{"text":"subject","start":10299.661,"end":10300.078},{"text":"to","start":10300.078,"end":10300.207},{"text":"periodic","start":10300.223,"end":10300.705},{"text":"review.","start":10300.705,"end":10301.106}]},{"text":"Ultimately, reform of the veto must contribute to a Security Council that is more effective, accountable, and responsive to the needs of the international community.","start":10302.07,"end":10310.246,"topics":[{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."}],"words":[{"text":"Ultimately,","start":10302.07,"end":10302.536},{"text":"reform","start":10302.873,"end":10303.178},{"text":"of","start":10303.227,"end":10303.307},{"text":"the","start":10303.355,"end":10303.419},{"text":"veto","start":10303.451,"end":10303.789},{"text":"must","start":10303.789,"end":10304.014},{"text":"contribute","start":10304.014,"end":10304.576},{"text":"to","start":10304.576,"end":10304.672},{"text":"a","start":10304.672,"end":10304.736},{"text":"Security","start":10304.736,"end":10305.186},{"text":"Council","start":10305.218,"end":10305.652},{"text":"that","start":10305.7,"end":10305.861},{"text":"is","start":10305.861,"end":10305.989},{"text":"more","start":10306.021,"end":10306.262},{"text":"effective,","start":10306.262,"end":10306.792},{"text":"accountable,","start":10306.985,"end":10307.58},{"text":"and","start":10307.772,"end":10307.853},{"text":"responsive","start":10307.853,"end":10308.511},{"text":"to","start":10308.511,"end":10308.64},{"text":"the","start":10308.656,"end":10308.688},{"text":"needs","start":10308.688,"end":10309.009},{"text":"of","start":10309.009,"end":10309.089},{"text":"the","start":10309.089,"end":10309.154},{"text":"international","start":10309.154,"end":10309.668},{"text":"community.","start":10309.716,"end":10310.246}]},{"text":"The Philippines reiterates its support for Security Council reform in the context of a comprehensive package with agreement on elements across all 5 clusters.","start":10311.001,"end":10319.803,"topics":[{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical 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Philippines remains committed to working constructively with all member states toward this objective.","start":10320.397,"end":10325.102,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10320.397,"end":10320.493},{"text":"Philippines","start":10320.542,"end":10321.023},{"text":"remains","start":10321.023,"end":10321.409},{"text":"committed","start":10321.425,"end":10321.842},{"text":"to","start":10321.842,"end":10321.938},{"text":"working","start":10321.987,"end":10322.292},{"text":"constructively","start":10322.324,"end":10322.934},{"text":"with","start":10323.046,"end":10323.159},{"text":"all","start":10323.271,"end":10323.367},{"text":"member","start":10323.367,"end":10323.689},{"text":"states","start":10323.689,"end":10324.09},{"text":"toward","start":10324.09,"end":10324.411},{"text":"this","start":10324.411,"end":10324.588},{"text":"objective.","start":10324.588,"end":10325.102}]},{"text":"Thank you, co-chairs.","start":10325.375,"end":10326.065,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10325.375,"end":10325.535},{"text":"you,","start":10325.535,"end":10325.599},{"text":"co-chairs.","start":10325.615,"end":10326.065}]},{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the Philippines.","start":10327.366,"end":10330.24,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10327.366,"end":10327.414},{"text":"thank","start":10327.526,"end":10327.783},{"text":"the","start":10327.783,"end":10327.879},{"text":"distinguished","start":10327.879,"end":10328.425},{"text":"representative","start":10328.425,"end":10329.324},{"text":"of","start":10329.324,"end":10329.437},{"text":"the","start":10329.533,"end":10329.63},{"text":"Philippines.","start":10329.63,"end":10330.24}]},{"text":"Colleagues, we have heard the last speaker for this morning.","start":10330.994,"end":10334.174,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Colleagues,","start":10330.994,"end":10331.396},{"text":"we","start":10331.46,"end":10331.54},{"text":"have","start":10331.54,"end":10331.621},{"text":"heard","start":10331.701,"end":10332.118},{"text":"the","start":10332.504,"end":10332.584},{"text":"last","start":10332.584,"end":10332.889},{"text":"speaker","start":10332.905,"end":10333.403},{"text":"for","start":10333.467,"end":10333.579},{"text":"this","start":10333.628,"end":10333.804},{"text":"morning.","start":10333.804,"end":10334.174}]},{"text":"We will reconvene this afternoon at 3 PM in this hall to continue the discussion, followed by a closed interactive dialogue without This meeting is adjourned.","start":10334.928,"end":10346.838,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10334.928,"end":10335.057},{"text":"will","start":10335.073,"end":10335.249},{"text":"reconvene","start":10335.249,"end":10335.86},{"text":"this","start":10335.892,"end":10336.132},{"text":"afternoon","start":10336.132,"end":10336.646},{"text":"at","start":10336.678,"end":10336.839},{"text":"3","start":10336.839,"end":10337.016},{"text":"PM","start":10337.096,"end":10337.449},{"text":"in","start":10337.562,"end":10337.626},{"text":"this","start":10337.738,"end":10337.915},{"text":"hall","start":10337.979,"end":10338.172},{"text":"to","start":10338.541,"end":10338.669},{"text":"continue","start":10338.685,"end":10339.199},{"text":"the","start":10339.408,"end":10339.504},{"text":"discussion,","start":10339.504,"end":10339.954},{"text":"followed","start":10340.307,"end":10340.949},{"text":"by","start":10340.949,"end":10341.142},{"text":"a","start":10341.255,"end":10341.335},{"text":"closed","start":10341.592,"end":10342.154},{"text":"interactive","start":10342.154,"end":10342.844},{"text":"dialogue","start":10342.86,"end":10343.438},{"text":"without","start":10343.92,"end":10344.675},{"text":"This","start":10345.854,"end":10345.983},{"text":"meeting","start":10346.079,"end":10346.289},{"text":"is","start":10346.338,"end":10346.386},{"text":"adjourned.","start":10346.434,"end":10346.838}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"PHL","affiliation_full":"Philippines","group":null,"function":"Representative"}}],"topics":[{"key":"veto-abolition","label":"Abolition of the Veto","description":"Many delegations argued that the veto is outdated and incompatible with sovereign equality, democracy, and effective multilateralism. They presented abolition as the principled long-term objective, even while recognizing the political difficulty of achieving it."},{"key":"veto-restraint","label":"Restraint on Veto Use","description":"A major theme was limiting the use of the veto, especially in situations involving genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other mass atrocities. Speakers repeatedly referred to voluntary restraint initiatives such as the French-Mexican initiative and the ACT Code of Conduct."},{"key":"veto-accountability","label":"Veto Transparency and Accountability","description":"Many statements called for stronger scrutiny when the veto is used, including General Assembly debates, written explanations, special reporting, and clearer public records. The goal is to increase transparency and raise the political cost of blocking Council action."},{"key":"article-27-compliance","label":"Implementation of Article 27","description":"Delegations discussed enforcing the Charter rule that a Security Council member that is a party to a dispute should abstain from voting in relevant cases. Several speakers supported clarifying and operationalizing this obligation through the Liechtenstein-led draft resolution and related efforts."},{"key":"general-assembly-role","label":"Stronger General Assembly Role","description":"Several delegations urged a more active role for the General Assembly when the Security Council is blocked by a veto. They highlighted Assembly debates, emergency sessions, and follow-up action as ways to preserve accountability and sustain multilateral response."},{"key":"african-representation","label":"African Permanent Representation","description":"African states and their supporters emphasized that Africa remains excluded from permanent membership and veto power despite being central to much of the Council's agenda. They framed this as a historical injustice and called for permanent African seats with full prerogatives if the veto remains."},{"key":"council-representation","label":"More Representative Security Council","description":"Many delegations linked the veto debate to the broader need to enlarge the Council and correct structural underrepresentation. Proposals focused on expansion in permanent and/or non-permanent categories to make the Council more democratic, legitimate, and reflective of current geopolitical realities."},{"key":"permanent-member-equality","label":"Equal Rights for New Permanent Members","description":"A recurring debate concerned whether new permanent members should enjoy the same rights and responsibilities as existing ones, including the veto. Several groups rejected any two-tier system of permanent membership, while others argued that extending veto powers would worsen paralysis."}]}}