{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/es/asset/k1o/k1oe85ln8d?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/es/asset/k1o/k1oe85ln8d.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k1o/k1oe85ln8d","kaltura_id":"1_oe85ln8d","title":"Cultural Heritage at Stake: Addressing Looting, Illicit Trafficking and Restitution through International Law, Operational Cooperation and Cultural Diplomacy","clean_title":"Cultural Heritage at Stake: Addressing Looting, Illicit Trafficking and Restitution through International Law, Operational Cooperation and Cultural Diplomacy","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1o/k1oe85ln8d","date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-09-23T19:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"01:15:25","category":"Meetings & Events","body":null,"event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":null,"pv_symbol":null,"pv_part":null,"slug":"asset/k1o/k1oe85ln8d"},"metadata":{"summary":null,"description":null,"categories":[],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":[],"corporate_name":[],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"azure-llm-speech-d8a9bef7-5a42-4872-8b41-7462e8f419dd","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":0.11,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1o/k1oe85ln8d?lang=en&t=0:01","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Good. Good afternoon.","start":0.11,"end":2.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good.","start":0.11,"end":0.51},{"text":"Good","start":2.03,"end":2.31},{"text":"afternoon.","start":2.31,"end":2.99}]},{"text":"I am Barbara Faedda, the EPLo permanent observer to the United Nations, and I am glad to welcome you all today on behalf of the permanent mission of Greece and the permanent mission of Italy, which, in cooperation with EPLo and with Armenia, Mexico, and ICROM's co-sponsorship, organized this important initiative.","start":4.43,"end":26.03,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4.43,"end":4.59},{"text":"am","start":4.59,"end":4.75},{"text":"Barbara","start":4.75,"end":5.15},{"text":"Faedda,","start":5.15,"end":5.95},{"text":"the","start":6.11,"end":6.31},{"text":"EPLo","start":6.31,"end":6.99},{"text":"permanent","start":6.99,"end":7.55},{"text":"observer","start":7.55,"end":8.11},{"text":"to","start":8.11,"end":8.27},{"text":"the","start":8.27,"end":8.35},{"text":"United","start":8.35,"end":8.75},{"text":"Nations,","start":8.75,"end":9.47},{"text":"and","start":9.71,"end":9.91},{"text":"I","start":9.91,"end":9.95},{"text":"am","start":9.95,"end":10.19},{"text":"glad","start":10.19,"end":10.47},{"text":"to","start":10.47,"end":10.67},{"text":"welcome","start":10.67,"end":11.15},{"text":"you","start":11.15,"end":11.27},{"text":"all","start":11.27,"end":11.47},{"text":"today","start":11.47,"end":12.11},{"text":"on","start":12.19,"end":12.35},{"text":"behalf","start":12.35,"end":12.91},{"text":"of","start":12.91,"end":12.99},{"text":"the","start":12.99,"end":13.15},{"text":"permanent","start":13.15,"end":13.67},{"text":"mission","start":13.67,"end":14.07},{"text":"of","start":14.07,"end":14.19},{"text":"Greece","start":14.19,"end":14.67},{"text":"and","start":14.83,"end":15.03},{"text":"the","start":15.03,"end":15.11},{"text":"permanent","start":15.11,"end":15.67},{"text":"mission","start":15.67,"end":16.07},{"text":"of","start":16.07,"end":16.19},{"text":"Italy,","start":16.19,"end":16.67},{"text":"which,","start":16.87,"end":17.47},{"text":"in","start":17.47,"end":17.63},{"text":"cooperation","start":17.63,"end":18.27},{"text":"with","start":18.27,"end":18.63},{"text":"EPLo","start":18.63,"end":19.07},{"text":"and","start":19.23,"end":19.43},{"text":"with","start":19.43,"end":19.71},{"text":"Armenia,","start":19.71,"end":20.27},{"text":"Mexico,","start":20.27,"end":20.75},{"text":"and","start":20.75,"end":20.87},{"text":"ICROM's","start":20.87,"end":21.79},{"text":"co-sponsorship,","start":21.79,"end":22.91},{"text":"organized","start":23.15,"end":24.03},{"text":"this","start":24.03,"end":24.35},{"text":"important","start":24.35,"end":25.23},{"text":"initiative.","start":25.23,"end":26.03}]},{"text":"Looting and the illicit trafficking of cultural heritage have affected peoples and communities for generations.","start":27.19,"end":33.99,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property","description":"Speakers repeatedly focused on looting, illicit excavation, theft, and the cross-border trade in cultural objects as a major threat to heritage in both peace and conflict. The discussion stressed its cultural, social, and economic consequences and the need to disrupt trafficking networks."}],"words":[{"text":"Looting","start":27.19,"end":27.83},{"text":"and","start":27.83,"end":28.03},{"text":"the","start":28.03,"end":28.11},{"text":"illicit","start":28.11,"end":28.59},{"text":"trafficking","start":28.59,"end":29.19},{"text":"of","start":29.19,"end":29.31},{"text":"cultural","start":29.31,"end":29.75},{"text":"heritage","start":29.75,"end":30.47},{"text":"have","start":30.63,"end":30.87},{"text":"affected","start":30.87,"end":31.43},{"text":"peoples","start":31.43,"end":31.99},{"text":"and","start":31.99,"end":32.15},{"text":"communities","start":32.15,"end":32.79},{"text":"for","start":32.79,"end":32.95},{"text":"generations.","start":32.95,"end":33.99}]},{"text":"As outlined in the concept note, we are confronted with complex challenges that require international cooperation, cultural diplomacy, and a shared sense of responsibility.","start":34.63,"end":47.03,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."},{"key":"cultural-diplomacy","label":"Cultural Diplomacy","description":"Speakers described cultural diplomacy as a way to turn sensitive heritage disputes into opportunities for dialogue and trust-building. Restitution and heritage cooperation were framed not only as legal processes, but also as means to strengthen bilateral relations and mutual understanding."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":34.63,"end":34.87},{"text":"outlined","start":34.87,"end":35.51},{"text":"in","start":35.51,"end":35.67},{"text":"the","start":35.67,"end":35.75},{"text":"concept","start":35.75,"end":36.23},{"text":"note,","start":36.23,"end":36.79},{"text":"we","start":36.79,"end":37.03},{"text":"are","start":37.03,"end":37.15},{"text":"confronted","start":37.15,"end":37.91},{"text":"with","start":37.91,"end":38.07},{"text":"complex","start":38.07,"end":38.63},{"text":"challenges","start":38.63,"end":39.51},{"text":"that","start":39.75,"end":39.99},{"text":"require","start":39.99,"end":40.71},{"text":"international","start":40.71,"end":41.51},{"text":"cooperation,","start":41.51,"end":42.31},{"text":"cultural","start":42.31,"end":42.87},{"text":"diplomacy,","start":42.87,"end":43.67},{"text":"and","start":43.99,"end":44.23},{"text":"a","start":44.23,"end":44.27},{"text":"shared","start":44.27,"end":44.95},{"text":"sense","start":44.95,"end":45.59},{"text":"of","start":45.59,"end":45.83},{"text":"responsibility.","start":45.83,"end":47.03}]},{"text":"Building mutual trust and strengthening long-term collaboration among states and institutions is essential to addressing these challenges effectively.","start":47.91,"end":59.43,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."},{"key":"cultural-diplomacy","label":"Cultural Diplomacy","description":"Speakers described cultural diplomacy as a way to turn sensitive heritage disputes into opportunities for dialogue and trust-building. Restitution and heritage cooperation were framed not only as legal processes, but also as means to strengthen bilateral relations and mutual understanding."}],"words":[{"text":"Building","start":47.91,"end":48.43},{"text":"mutual","start":48.43,"end":49.03},{"text":"trust","start":49.03,"end":49.59},{"text":"and","start":49.59,"end":49.79},{"text":"strengthening","start":49.79,"end":50.55},{"text":"long-term","start":50.55,"end":51.19},{"text":"collaboration","start":51.19,"end":52.23},{"text":"among","start":52.63,"end":53.03},{"text":"states","start":53.03,"end":53.75},{"text":"and","start":53.75,"end":54.15},{"text":"institutions","start":54.15,"end":55.19},{"text":"is","start":55.43,"end":55.75},{"text":"essential","start":55.75,"end":56.55},{"text":"to","start":56.55,"end":56.67},{"text":"addressing","start":56.67,"end":57.43},{"text":"these","start":57.43,"end":57.75},{"text":"challenges","start":57.75,"end":58.47},{"text":"effectively.","start":58.55,"end":59.43}]},{"text":"These issues are close to all our hearts.","start":60.71,"end":64.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":60.71,"end":61.03},{"text":"issues","start":61.03,"end":61.67},{"text":"are","start":61.67,"end":61.83},{"text":"close","start":61.83,"end":62.39},{"text":"to","start":62.39,"end":62.83},{"text":"all","start":62.83,"end":63.19},{"text":"our","start":63.19,"end":63.67},{"text":"hearts.","start":63.67,"end":64.23}]},{"text":"Last year, in recognition of its work on cultural heritage and the rule of law, EPLAW was invited by UNESCO to attend the 25th session of the General Assembly of States Parties to the World Heritage Convention as an observer, and I had the honor of attending the proceedings in Paris.","start":64.71,"end":84.71,"topics":[{"key":"legal-frameworks","label":"International Legal Frameworks","description":"The debate repeatedly referred to legal instruments such as the 1970 UNESCO Convention, the 1954 Hague Convention, UN General Assembly resolutions, and related treaties. These frameworks were presented as essential foundations for prevention, seizure, recovery, and interstate cooperation."}],"words":[{"text":"Last","start":64.71,"end":65.11},{"text":"year,","start":65.11,"end":65.43},{"text":"in","start":65.43,"end":65.55},{"text":"recognition","start":65.55,"end":66.27},{"text":"of","start":66.27,"end":66.39},{"text":"its","start":66.39,"end":66.55},{"text":"work","start":66.55,"end":66.87},{"text":"on","start":66.87,"end":67.03},{"text":"cultural","start":67.03,"end":67.51},{"text":"heritage","start":67.51,"end":67.99},{"text":"and","start":67.99,"end":68.19},{"text":"the","start":68.19,"end":68.27},{"text":"rule","start":68.27,"end":68.51},{"text":"of","start":68.51,"end":68.63},{"text":"law,","start":68.63,"end":68.91},{"text":"EPLAW","start":68.91,"end":69.75},{"text":"was","start":69.75,"end":69.99},{"text":"invited","start":69.99,"end":70.55},{"text":"by","start":70.55,"end":70.79},{"text":"UNESCO","start":70.79,"end":71.51},{"text":"to","start":71.51,"end":71.67},{"text":"attend","start":71.67,"end":72.11},{"text":"the","start":72.11,"end":72.19},{"text":"25th","start":72.19,"end":72.95},{"text":"session","start":72.95,"end":73.67},{"text":"of","start":73.83,"end":73.99},{"text":"the","start":73.99,"end":74.11},{"text":"General","start":74.11,"end":74.55},{"text":"Assembly","start":74.55,"end":75.19},{"text":"of","start":75.19,"end":75.43},{"text":"States","start":75.43,"end":75.91},{"text":"Parties","start":75.91,"end":76.47},{"text":"to","start":76.47,"end":76.67},{"text":"the","start":76.71,"end":76.83},{"text":"World","start":76.83,"end":77.27},{"text":"Heritage","start":77.27,"end":77.83},{"text":"Convention","start":77.83,"end":78.55},{"text":"as","start":78.79,"end":79.03},{"text":"an","start":79.03,"end":79.11},{"text":"observer,","start":79.11,"end":79.83},{"text":"and","start":80.63,"end":80.87},{"text":"I","start":80.87,"end":80.95},{"text":"had","start":80.95,"end":81.15},{"text":"the","start":81.15,"end":81.27},{"text":"honor","start":81.27,"end":81.83},{"text":"of","start":81.99,"end":82.15},{"text":"attending","start":82.15,"end":82.63},{"text":"the","start":82.63,"end":82.79},{"text":"proceedings","start":82.79,"end":83.43},{"text":"in","start":83.59,"end":83.83},{"text":"Paris.","start":83.99,"end":84.71}]},{"text":"Today's distinguished panel represents an important step toward stronger international cooperation, dialogue, and a more coordinated response to the challenges we face.","start":85.51,"end":99.35,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Today's","start":85.51,"end":85.83},{"text":"distinguished","start":85.83,"end":86.55},{"text":"panel","start":86.55,"end":87.11},{"text":"represents","start":87.11,"end":87.99},{"text":"an","start":87.99,"end":88.15},{"text":"important","start":88.15,"end":88.75},{"text":"step","start":88.75,"end":89.19},{"text":"toward","start":89.19,"end":89.83},{"text":"stronger","start":89.83,"end":90.79},{"text":"international","start":90.95,"end":91.83},{"text":"cooperation,","start":91.83,"end":92.79},{"text":"dialogue,","start":93.03,"end":93.75},{"text":"and","start":94.07,"end":94.39},{"text":"a","start":94.39,"end":94.43},{"text":"more","start":94.43,"end":94.79},{"text":"coordinated","start":94.79,"end":95.67},{"text":"response","start":95.67,"end":96.39},{"text":"to","start":96.39,"end":96.59},{"text":"the","start":96.63,"end":96.71},{"text":"challenges","start":96.71,"end":97.67},{"text":"we","start":98.47,"end":98.63},{"text":"face.","start":98.63,"end":99.35}]},{"text":"With that in mind, allow me to turn to the rich program ahead.","start":100.39,"end":105.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"With","start":100.39,"end":100.67},{"text":"that","start":100.67,"end":100.87},{"text":"in","start":100.87,"end":100.95},{"text":"mind,","start":100.95,"end":101.59},{"text":"allow","start":101.91,"end":102.27},{"text":"me","start":102.27,"end":102.47},{"text":"to","start":102.47,"end":102.75},{"text":"turn","start":102.75,"end":103.11},{"text":"to","start":103.11,"end":103.27},{"text":"the","start":103.27,"end":103.43},{"text":"rich","start":103.43,"end":103.99},{"text":"program","start":103.99,"end":104.63},{"text":"ahead.","start":104.71,"end":105.27}]},{"text":"I am pleased now to give the floor to his excellency, to her excellencies, Ms. Alexandra Papadopoulou, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Greece.","start":106.47,"end":118.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":106.47,"end":106.63},{"text":"am","start":106.63,"end":106.79},{"text":"pleased","start":106.79,"end":107.19},{"text":"now","start":107.19,"end":107.51},{"text":"to","start":107.51,"end":107.71},{"text":"give","start":107.71,"end":107.91},{"text":"the","start":107.91,"end":108.07},{"text":"floor","start":108.07,"end":108.55},{"text":"to","start":108.55,"end":108.87},{"text":"his","start":108.87,"end":109.35},{"text":"excellency,","start":109.35,"end":110.31},{"text":"to","start":110.55,"end":110.79},{"text":"her","start":110.79,"end":111.19},{"text":"excellencies,","start":111.19,"end":112.07},{"text":"Ms.","start":112.75,"end":113.11},{"text":"Alexandra","start":113.11,"end":113.83},{"text":"Papadopoulou,","start":113.83,"end":114.63},{"text":"Deputy","start":115.11,"end":115.75},{"text":"Minister","start":115.75,"end":116.31},{"text":"of","start":116.31,"end":116.43},{"text":"Foreign","start":116.43,"end":116.87},{"text":"Affairs","start":116.87,"end":117.43},{"text":"of","start":117.43,"end":117.67},{"text":"Greece.","start":117.67,"end":118.23}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"EPLO","group":null,"function":"Permanent Observer","affiliation_full":"EPLO"}},{"statement_number":2,"start":120.63,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1o/k1oe85ln8d?lang=en&t=2:01","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Excellencies, distinguished guests.","start":120.63,"end":123.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":120.63,"end":120.99},{"text":"you,","start":120.99,"end":121.11},{"text":"Excellencies,","start":121.75,"end":122.59},{"text":"distinguished","start":122.59,"end":123.19},{"text":"guests.","start":123.19,"end":123.75}]},{"text":"It is a great pleasure to welcome you to this side event on the margins of the UN General Assembly High-Level Week, jointly hosted by Greece and Italy in cooperation with the European Public Law Organization.","start":124.23,"end":137.51,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":124.23,"end":124.43},{"text":"is","start":124.43,"end":124.63},{"text":"a","start":124.63,"end":124.67},{"text":"great","start":124.67,"end":125.03},{"text":"pleasure","start":125.03,"end":125.59},{"text":"to","start":125.59,"end":125.75},{"text":"welcome","start":125.75,"end":126.31},{"text":"you","start":126.31,"end":126.55},{"text":"to","start":126.55,"end":126.67},{"text":"this","start":126.67,"end":126.99},{"text":"side","start":126.99,"end":127.23},{"text":"event","start":127.23,"end":127.71},{"text":"on","start":127.71,"end":127.83},{"text":"the","start":127.83,"end":127.95},{"text":"margins","start":127.99,"end":128.43},{"text":"of","start":128.43,"end":128.55},{"text":"the","start":128.55,"end":128.67},{"text":"UN","start":128.71,"end":129.03},{"text":"General","start":129.03,"end":129.47},{"text":"Assembly","start":129.47,"end":129.95},{"text":"High-Level","start":129.95,"end":130.55},{"text":"Week,","start":130.55,"end":130.95},{"text":"jointly","start":131.43,"end":132.07},{"text":"hosted","start":132.07,"end":132.51},{"text":"by","start":132.51,"end":132.71},{"text":"Greece","start":132.71,"end":133.07},{"text":"and","start":133.07,"end":133.23},{"text":"Italy","start":133.23,"end":133.75},{"text":"in","start":134.07,"end":134.23},{"text":"cooperation","start":134.23,"end":134.99},{"text":"with","start":134.99,"end":135.15},{"text":"the","start":135.15,"end":135.23},{"text":"European","start":135.23,"end":135.79},{"text":"Public","start":135.79,"end":136.23},{"text":"Law","start":136.23,"end":136.35},{"text":"Organization.","start":136.35,"end":137.51}]},{"text":"Let me begin by thanking our partners for their close cooperation in bringing this initiative to fruition, and all of you for being with us today.","start":138.35,"end":147.55,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":138.35,"end":138.63},{"text":"me","start":138.63,"end":138.83},{"text":"begin","start":138.83,"end":139.23},{"text":"by","start":139.23,"end":139.39},{"text":"thanking","start":139.39,"end":139.87},{"text":"our","start":139.87,"end":140.03},{"text":"partners","start":140.03,"end":140.63},{"text":"for","start":140.63,"end":140.83},{"text":"their","start":140.83,"end":140.99},{"text":"close","start":140.99,"end":141.39},{"text":"cooperation","start":141.39,"end":142.27},{"text":"in","start":142.59,"end":142.75},{"text":"bringing","start":142.75,"end":143.23},{"text":"this","start":143.23,"end":143.39},{"text":"initiative","start":143.39,"end":144.03},{"text":"to","start":144.03,"end":144.15},{"text":"fruition,","start":144.15,"end":144.91},{"text":"and","start":145.23,"end":145.51},{"text":"all","start":145.51,"end":145.63},{"text":"of","start":145.63,"end":145.79},{"text":"you","start":145.79,"end":145.95},{"text":"for","start":146.19,"end":146.51},{"text":"being","start":146.51,"end":146.71},{"text":"with","start":146.71,"end":146.87},{"text":"us","start":146.87,"end":147.07},{"text":"today.","start":147.07,"end":147.55}]},{"text":"We meet at a time when cultural heritage, and in particular cultural property, is facing increasingly complex and interconnected threats.","start":148.43,"end":157.07,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-organized-crime","label":"Armed Conflict, Organized Crime, and Security","description":"A recurring topic was the link between cultural property crime, armed conflict, instability, and transnational organized crime. Participants noted that trafficking can finance armed or terrorist groups and therefore has implications beyond culture, including international security and the rule of law."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":148.43,"end":148.67},{"text":"meet","start":148.67,"end":148.99},{"text":"at","start":148.99,"end":149.31},{"text":"a","start":149.31,"end":149.35},{"text":"time","start":149.35,"end":149.55},{"text":"when","start":149.55,"end":149.79},{"text":"cultural","start":149.79,"end":150.27},{"text":"heritage,","start":150.27,"end":150.95},{"text":"and","start":150.95,"end":151.07},{"text":"in","start":151.07,"end":151.31},{"text":"particular","start":151.31,"end":151.95},{"text":"cultural","start":151.95,"end":152.43},{"text":"property,","start":152.43,"end":153.15},{"text":"is","start":153.47,"end":153.71},{"text":"facing","start":153.71,"end":154.27},{"text":"increasingly","start":154.27,"end":154.91},{"text":"complex","start":154.91,"end":155.63},{"text":"and","start":155.63,"end":155.79},{"text":"interconnected","start":155.79,"end":156.59},{"text":"threats.","start":156.59,"end":157.07}]},{"text":"Armed conflicts, the deliberate destruction of cultural sites, looting, and the illicit trafficking of cultural property continue to affect monuments, archaeological sites, museums, and collections across the world.","start":157.91,"end":171.55,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-organized-crime","label":"Armed Conflict, Organized Crime, and Security","description":"A recurring topic was the link between cultural property crime, armed conflict, instability, and transnational organized crime. Participants noted that trafficking can finance armed or terrorist groups and therefore has implications beyond culture, including international security and the rule of law."},{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property","description":"Speakers repeatedly focused on looting, illicit excavation, theft, and the cross-border trade in cultural objects as a major threat to heritage in both peace and conflict. The discussion stressed its cultural, social, and economic consequences and the need to disrupt trafficking networks."}],"words":[{"text":"Armed","start":157.91,"end":158.07},{"text":"conflicts,","start":158.07,"end":158.79},{"text":"the","start":159.03,"end":159.15},{"text":"deliberate","start":159.19,"end":159.71},{"text":"destruction","start":159.71,"end":160.35},{"text":"of","start":160.35,"end":160.47},{"text":"cultural","start":160.47,"end":160.95},{"text":"sites,","start":160.95,"end":161.67},{"text":"looting,","start":161.91,"end":162.55},{"text":"and","start":162.55,"end":162.75},{"text":"the","start":162.75,"end":162.83},{"text":"illicit","start":162.83,"end":163.23},{"text":"trafficking","start":163.23,"end":163.71},{"text":"of","start":163.71,"end":163.83},{"text":"cultural","start":163.83,"end":164.31},{"text":"property","start":164.31,"end":165.03},{"text":"continue","start":165.35,"end":165.95},{"text":"to","start":165.95,"end":166.11},{"text":"affect","start":166.11,"end":166.55},{"text":"monuments,","start":166.55,"end":167.27},{"text":"archaeological","start":167.43,"end":168.27},{"text":"sites,","start":168.27,"end":168.95},{"text":"museums,","start":169.11,"end":169.87},{"text":"and","start":169.87,"end":169.99},{"text":"collections","start":169.99,"end":170.59},{"text":"across","start":170.59,"end":170.99},{"text":"the","start":170.99,"end":171.11},{"text":"world.","start":171.11,"end":171.55}]},{"text":"What is at stake goes far beyond individual objects or sites.","start":172.23,"end":176.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"What","start":172.23,"end":172.55},{"text":"is","start":172.55,"end":172.71},{"text":"at","start":172.71,"end":172.79},{"text":"stake","start":172.79,"end":173.35},{"text":"goes","start":173.35,"end":173.67},{"text":"far","start":173.67,"end":173.99},{"text":"beyond","start":173.99,"end":174.55},{"text":"individual","start":174.55,"end":175.27},{"text":"objects","start":175.27,"end":175.75},{"text":"or","start":175.75,"end":175.83},{"text":"sites.","start":175.83,"end":176.47}]},{"text":"Cultural property carries the memory, identity, and dignity of peoples and communities.","start":176.87,"end":182.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Cultural","start":176.87,"end":177.43},{"text":"property","start":177.43,"end":177.99},{"text":"carries","start":177.99,"end":178.39},{"text":"the","start":178.39,"end":178.55},{"text":"memory,","start":178.55,"end":179.19},{"text":"identity,","start":179.43,"end":180.23},{"text":"and","start":180.23,"end":180.43},{"text":"dignity","start":180.43,"end":181.03},{"text":"of","start":181.03,"end":181.19},{"text":"peoples","start":181.19,"end":181.71},{"text":"and","start":181.71,"end":181.91},{"text":"communities.","start":181.91,"end":182.79}]},{"text":"Its destruction or illicit removal represents an irreversible loss, not only for the country concerned, but for humanity as a whole.","start":183.35,"end":192.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Its","start":183.35,"end":183.59},{"text":"destruction","start":183.59,"end":184.39},{"text":"or","start":184.39,"end":184.55},{"text":"illicit","start":184.55,"end":185.03},{"text":"removal","start":185.03,"end":185.59},{"text":"represents","start":185.91,"end":186.71},{"text":"an","start":186.71,"end":186.83},{"text":"irreversible","start":186.83,"end":187.63},{"text":"loss,","start":187.63,"end":188.07},{"text":"not","start":188.31,"end":188.63},{"text":"only","start":188.63,"end":188.79},{"text":"for","start":188.79,"end":189.03},{"text":"the","start":189.03,"end":189.11},{"text":"country","start":189.11,"end":189.51},{"text":"concerned,","start":189.51,"end":190.15},{"text":"but","start":190.39,"end":190.63},{"text":"for","start":190.63,"end":190.79},{"text":"humanity","start":190.79,"end":191.43},{"text":"as","start":191.43,"end":191.59},{"text":"a","start":191.67,"end":191.71},{"text":"whole.","start":191.71,"end":192.15}]},{"text":"Illicit trafficking also extends well beyond the cultural sphere.","start":192.95,"end":196.39,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property","description":"Speakers repeatedly focused on looting, illicit excavation, theft, and the cross-border trade in cultural objects as a major threat to heritage in both peace and conflict. The discussion stressed its cultural, social, and economic consequences and the need to disrupt trafficking networks."},{"key":"conflict-organized-crime","label":"Armed Conflict, Organized Crime, and Security","description":"A recurring topic was the link between cultural property crime, armed conflict, instability, and transnational organized crime. Participants noted that trafficking can finance armed or terrorist groups and therefore has implications beyond culture, including international security and the rule of law."}],"words":[{"text":"Illicit","start":192.95,"end":193.39},{"text":"trafficking","start":193.39,"end":193.91},{"text":"also","start":193.91,"end":194.19},{"text":"extends","start":194.19,"end":194.63},{"text":"well","start":194.63,"end":194.95},{"text":"beyond","start":194.95,"end":195.27},{"text":"the","start":195.27,"end":195.35},{"text":"cultural","start":195.35,"end":195.83},{"text":"sphere.","start":195.83,"end":196.39}]},{"text":"It can feed organized crime and, in situations of conflict and instability, contribute to the financing of terrorist groups.","start":196.79,"end":204.15,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-organized-crime","label":"Armed Conflict, Organized Crime, and Security","description":"A recurring topic was the link between cultural property crime, armed conflict, instability, and transnational organized crime. Participants noted that trafficking can finance armed or terrorist groups and therefore has implications beyond culture, including international security and the rule of law."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":196.79,"end":196.91},{"text":"can","start":196.91,"end":197.11},{"text":"feed","start":197.11,"end":197.35},{"text":"organized","start":197.35,"end":197.95},{"text":"crime","start":197.95,"end":198.47},{"text":"and,","start":198.47,"end":198.67},{"text":"in","start":198.67,"end":198.79},{"text":"situations","start":198.79,"end":199.39},{"text":"of","start":199.39,"end":199.51},{"text":"conflict","start":199.51,"end":200.07},{"text":"and","start":200.11,"end":200.23},{"text":"instability,","start":200.23,"end":201.11},{"text":"contribute","start":201.35,"end":202.03},{"text":"to","start":202.03,"end":202.11},{"text":"the","start":202.11,"end":202.23},{"text":"financing","start":202.23,"end":202.91},{"text":"of","start":202.91,"end":203.03},{"text":"terrorist","start":203.03,"end":203.59},{"text":"groups.","start":203.59,"end":204.15}]},{"text":"The protection of cultural heritage is therefore not simply a cultural responsibility.","start":204.63,"end":209.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":204.63,"end":204.79},{"text":"protection","start":204.79,"end":205.43},{"text":"of","start":205.43,"end":205.51},{"text":"cultural","start":205.51,"end":206.03},{"text":"heritage","start":206.03,"end":206.63},{"text":"is","start":206.63,"end":206.79},{"text":"therefore","start":206.79,"end":207.19},{"text":"not","start":207.19,"end":207.43},{"text":"simply","start":207.43,"end":208.07},{"text":"a","start":208.31,"end":208.35},{"text":"cultural","start":208.35,"end":208.87},{"text":"responsibility.","start":208.87,"end":209.83}]},{"text":"It is also a matter of international law, international security, and international cooperation.","start":210.31,"end":216.23,"topics":[{"key":"legal-frameworks","label":"International Legal Frameworks","description":"The debate repeatedly referred to legal instruments such as the 1970 UNESCO Convention, the 1954 Hague Convention, UN General Assembly resolutions, and related treaties. These frameworks were presented as essential foundations for prevention, seizure, recovery, and interstate cooperation."},{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":210.31,"end":210.51},{"text":"is","start":210.51,"end":210.63},{"text":"also","start":210.63,"end":210.95},{"text":"a","start":210.95,"end":211.03},{"text":"matter","start":211.03,"end":211.39},{"text":"of","start":211.39,"end":211.47},{"text":"international","start":211.47,"end":212.51},{"text":"law,","start":212.51,"end":212.59},{"text":"international","start":212.79,"end":213.51},{"text":"security,","start":213.51,"end":214.31},{"text":"and","start":214.39,"end":214.55},{"text":"international","start":214.55,"end":215.27},{"text":"cooperation.","start":215.27,"end":216.23}]},{"text":"Greece has consistently sought to advance this broader understanding through its engagement with the United Nations, UNESCO, and other relevant international European fora.","start":216.87,"end":227.99,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Greece","start":216.87,"end":217.43},{"text":"has","start":217.43,"end":217.59},{"text":"consistently","start":217.59,"end":218.39},{"text":"sought","start":218.39,"end":218.83},{"text":"to","start":218.83,"end":218.91},{"text":"advance","start":218.91,"end":219.59},{"text":"this","start":219.75,"end":220.07},{"text":"broader","start":220.07,"end":220.51},{"text":"understanding","start":220.51,"end":221.35},{"text":"through","start":221.59,"end":221.79},{"text":"its","start":221.79,"end":221.95},{"text":"engagement","start":221.95,"end":222.59},{"text":"with","start":222.59,"end":222.71},{"text":"the","start":222.71,"end":222.79},{"text":"United","start":222.79,"end":223.27},{"text":"Nations,","start":223.27,"end":223.99},{"text":"UNESCO,","start":224.23,"end":225.03},{"text":"and","start":225.19,"end":225.47},{"text":"other","start":225.47,"end":225.71},{"text":"relevant","start":225.71,"end":226.15},{"text":"international","start":226.15,"end":226.87},{"text":"European","start":226.87,"end":227.43},{"text":"fora.","start":227.43,"end":227.99}]},{"text":"As a country with an exceptional cultural heritage and with considerable experience in confronting the consequences of looting and illicit trafficking, Greece has a particular responsibility to contribute to strengthening the international framework in this field.","start":228.59,"end":244.79,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property","description":"Speakers repeatedly focused on looting, illicit excavation, theft, and the cross-border trade in cultural objects as a major threat to heritage in both peace and conflict. The discussion stressed its cultural, social, and economic consequences and the need to disrupt trafficking networks."},{"key":"legal-frameworks","label":"International Legal Frameworks","description":"The debate repeatedly referred to legal instruments such as the 1970 UNESCO Convention, the 1954 Hague Convention, UN General Assembly resolutions, and related treaties. These frameworks were presented as essential foundations for prevention, seizure, recovery, and interstate cooperation."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":228.59,"end":228.83},{"text":"a","start":228.83,"end":228.87},{"text":"country","start":228.87,"end":229.39},{"text":"with","start":229.39,"end":229.55},{"text":"an","start":229.55,"end":229.63},{"text":"exceptional","start":229.63,"end":230.35},{"text":"cultural","start":230.35,"end":230.83},{"text":"heritage","start":230.83,"end":231.55},{"text":"and","start":231.87,"end":232.03},{"text":"with","start":232.03,"end":232.19},{"text":"considerable","start":232.19,"end":232.95},{"text":"experience","start":232.95,"end":233.55},{"text":"in","start":233.55,"end":233.71},{"text":"confronting","start":233.71,"end":234.43},{"text":"the","start":234.67,"end":234.83},{"text":"consequences","start":234.83,"end":235.63},{"text":"of","start":235.63,"end":235.79},{"text":"looting","start":235.79,"end":236.15},{"text":"and","start":236.15,"end":236.31},{"text":"illicit","start":236.31,"end":236.71},{"text":"trafficking,","start":236.71,"end":237.39},{"text":"Greece","start":237.79,"end":238.19},{"text":"has","start":238.19,"end":238.35},{"text":"a","start":238.35,"end":238.43},{"text":"particular","start":238.43,"end":239.03},{"text":"responsibility","start":239.03,"end":240.11},{"text":"to","start":240.39,"end":240.47},{"text":"contribute","start":240.51,"end":241.31},{"text":"to","start":241.39,"end":241.51},{"text":"strengthening","start":241.55,"end":242.35},{"text":"the","start":242.51,"end":242.63},{"text":"international","start":242.63,"end":243.39},{"text":"framework","start":243.39,"end":243.95},{"text":"in","start":243.95,"end":244.07},{"text":"this","start":244.07,"end":244.35},{"text":"field.","start":244.35,"end":244.79}]},{"text":"For us, this work is about more than the adoption of successive resolutions.","start":245.47,"end":249.95,"topics":[{"key":"legal-frameworks","label":"International Legal Frameworks","description":"The debate repeatedly referred to legal instruments such as the 1970 UNESCO Convention, the 1954 Hague Convention, UN General Assembly resolutions, and related treaties. These frameworks were presented as essential foundations for prevention, seizure, recovery, and interstate cooperation."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":245.47,"end":245.91},{"text":"us,","start":245.91,"end":246.03},{"text":"this","start":246.11,"end":246.27},{"text":"work","start":246.27,"end":246.67},{"text":"is","start":246.67,"end":246.83},{"text":"about","start":246.83,"end":247.15},{"text":"more","start":247.15,"end":247.47},{"text":"than","start":247.47,"end":247.63},{"text":"the","start":247.63,"end":247.75},{"text":"adoption","start":247.75,"end":248.31},{"text":"of","start":248.31,"end":248.39},{"text":"successive","start":248.39,"end":248.99},{"text":"resolutions.","start":248.99,"end":249.95}]},{"text":"It reflects our conviction that the international community must continue to create the conditions for the return of cultural property to its legitimate owners, while promoting dialogue, cooperation, and mutual understanding between states.","start":250.31,"end":267.11,"topics":[{"key":"return-restitution","label":"Return and Restitution","description":"Many statements addressed the return of cultural property to countries of origin and the practical and political conditions that make restitution possible. Speakers highlighted bilateral agreements, reciprocity, and successful repatriation cases as important models."},{"key":"cultural-diplomacy","label":"Cultural Diplomacy","description":"Speakers described cultural diplomacy as a way to turn sensitive heritage disputes into opportunities for dialogue and trust-building. Restitution and heritage cooperation were framed not only as legal processes, but also as means to strengthen bilateral relations and mutual understanding."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":250.31,"end":250.47},{"text":"reflects","start":250.47,"end":251.03},{"text":"our","start":251.03,"end":251.19},{"text":"conviction","start":251.19,"end":251.91},{"text":"that","start":252.15,"end":252.31},{"text":"the","start":252.31,"end":252.47},{"text":"international","start":252.55,"end":253.83},{"text":"community","start":253.83,"end":254.55},{"text":"must","start":254.79,"end":255.07},{"text":"continue","start":255.07,"end":255.59},{"text":"to","start":255.59,"end":255.75},{"text":"create","start":255.75,"end":256.19},{"text":"the","start":256.19,"end":256.27},{"text":"conditions","start":256.27,"end":257.19},{"text":"for","start":257.43,"end":257.59},{"text":"the","start":257.59,"end":257.75},{"text":"return","start":257.75,"end":258.27},{"text":"of","start":258.27,"end":258.39},{"text":"cultural","start":258.39,"end":258.95},{"text":"property","start":258.95,"end":259.43},{"text":"to","start":259.43,"end":259.63},{"text":"its","start":259.63,"end":259.75},{"text":"legitimate","start":259.75,"end":260.47},{"text":"owners,","start":260.47,"end":261.03},{"text":"while","start":261.27,"end":261.75},{"text":"promoting","start":261.75,"end":262.47},{"text":"dialogue,","start":262.47,"end":263.03},{"text":"cooperation,","start":263.35,"end":264.39},{"text":"and","start":264.63,"end":264.79},{"text":"mutual","start":264.79,"end":265.19},{"text":"understanding","start":265.19,"end":265.83},{"text":"between","start":265.83,"end":266.31},{"text":"states.","start":266.31,"end":267.11}]},{"text":"Our cooperation with Italy provides a meaningful example.","start":267.95,"end":271.31,"topics":[{"key":"return-restitution","label":"Return and Restitution","description":"Many statements addressed the return of cultural property to countries of origin and the practical and political conditions that make restitution possible. Speakers highlighted bilateral agreements, reciprocity, and successful repatriation cases as important models."},{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":267.95,"end":268.19},{"text":"cooperation","start":268.19,"end":268.91},{"text":"with","start":268.91,"end":269.07},{"text":"Italy","start":269.07,"end":269.47},{"text":"provides","start":269.47,"end":270.03},{"text":"a","start":270.03,"end":270.11},{"text":"meaningful","start":270.11,"end":270.75},{"text":"example.","start":270.75,"end":271.31}]},{"text":"The return of the Phangan fragment to Greece demonstrates how institutional dialogue, mutual respect, and a shared sense of responsibility can complement formal legal mechanisms.","start":271.87,"end":283.63,"topics":[{"key":"return-restitution","label":"Return and Restitution","description":"Many statements addressed the return of cultural property to countries of origin and the practical and political conditions that make restitution possible. Speakers highlighted bilateral agreements, reciprocity, and successful repatriation cases as important models."},{"key":"cultural-diplomacy","label":"Cultural Diplomacy","description":"Speakers described cultural diplomacy as a way to turn sensitive heritage disputes into opportunities for dialogue and trust-building. Restitution and heritage cooperation were framed not only as legal processes, but also as means to strengthen bilateral relations and mutual understanding."},{"key":"legal-frameworks","label":"International Legal Frameworks","description":"The debate repeatedly referred to legal instruments such as the 1970 UNESCO Convention, the 1954 Hague Convention, UN General Assembly resolutions, and related treaties. These frameworks were presented as essential foundations for prevention, seizure, recovery, and interstate cooperation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":271.87,"end":271.99},{"text":"return","start":271.99,"end":272.39},{"text":"of","start":272.39,"end":272.51},{"text":"the","start":272.51,"end":272.59},{"text":"Phangan","start":272.59,"end":273.07},{"text":"fragment","start":273.07,"end":273.67},{"text":"to","start":273.67,"end":273.75},{"text":"Greece","start":273.75,"end":274.27},{"text":"demonstrates","start":274.51,"end":275.27},{"text":"how","start":275.27,"end":275.39},{"text":"institutional","start":275.39,"end":276.19},{"text":"dialogue,","start":276.19,"end":276.71},{"text":"mutual","start":277.15,"end":277.59},{"text":"respect,","start":277.59,"end":278.27},{"text":"and","start":278.51,"end":278.71},{"text":"a","start":278.71,"end":278.75},{"text":"shared","start":278.75,"end":279.15},{"text":"sense","start":279.15,"end":279.55},{"text":"of","start":279.55,"end":279.63},{"text":"responsibility","start":279.63,"end":280.75},{"text":"can","start":280.99,"end":281.23},{"text":"complement","start":281.23,"end":281.95},{"text":"formal","start":281.95,"end":282.47},{"text":"legal","start":282.47,"end":282.75},{"text":"mechanisms.","start":282.75,"end":283.63}]},{"text":"It shows that cultural heritage, even where difficult and sensitive questions are involved, can become a bridge between countries rather than a source of division.","start":283.95,"end":294.03,"topics":[{"key":"cultural-diplomacy","label":"Cultural Diplomacy","description":"Speakers described cultural diplomacy as a way to turn sensitive heritage disputes into opportunities for dialogue and trust-building. Restitution and heritage cooperation were framed not only as legal processes, but also as means to strengthen bilateral relations and mutual understanding."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":283.95,"end":284.15},{"text":"shows","start":284.15,"end":284.75},{"text":"that","start":284.91,"end":285.07},{"text":"cultural","start":285.07,"end":285.59},{"text":"heritage,","start":285.59,"end":286.27},{"text":"even","start":286.59,"end":286.87},{"text":"where","start":286.87,"end":287.15},{"text":"difficult","start":287.15,"end":287.67},{"text":"and","start":287.67,"end":287.79},{"text":"sensitive","start":287.79,"end":288.35},{"text":"questions","start":288.35,"end":288.87},{"text":"are","start":288.87,"end":288.99},{"text":"involved,","start":288.99,"end":289.59},{"text":"can","start":289.87,"end":290.11},{"text":"become","start":290.11,"end":290.51},{"text":"a","start":290.51,"end":290.55},{"text":"bridge","start":290.55,"end":290.99},{"text":"between","start":290.99,"end":291.39},{"text":"countries","start":291.39,"end":292.03},{"text":"rather","start":292.27,"end":292.59},{"text":"than","start":292.59,"end":292.79},{"text":"a","start":292.79,"end":292.83},{"text":"source","start":292.83,"end":293.23},{"text":"of","start":293.23,"end":293.31},{"text":"division.","start":293.31,"end":294.03}]},{"text":"Today's challenges call for cooperation across a much wider range of actors, from law enforcement and customs authorities to museums, researchers, international organizations, and responsible market actors.","start":294.71,"end":309.87,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."},{"key":"museum-due-diligence","label":"Museum Ethics, Provenance, and Due Diligence","description":"Museums and the art market were frequently discussed in relation to provenance research, ethical responsibilities, traceability, and responsible acquisitions. 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Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Today's","start":347.19,"end":347.63},{"text":"discussion","start":347.63,"end":348.23},{"text":"is","start":348.23,"end":348.35},{"text":"an","start":348.35,"end":348.43},{"text":"important","start":348.43,"end":348.91},{"text":"step","start":348.91,"end":349.19},{"text":"in","start":349.19,"end":349.31},{"text":"that","start":349.31,"end":349.47},{"text":"direction,","start":349.47,"end":350.23},{"text":"bringing","start":350.55,"end":350.95},{"text":"together","start":350.95,"end":351.47},{"text":"different","start":351.47,"end":351.95},{"text":"perspectives","start":351.95,"end":352.71},{"text":"to","start":352.71,"end":352.91},{"text":"identify","start":353.35,"end":354.15},{"text":"opportunities","start":354.15,"end":355.19},{"text":"for","start":355.43,"end":355.67},{"text":"more","start":355.67,"end":355.99},{"text":"effective","start":355.99,"end":356.47},{"text":"cooperation.","start":356.47,"end":357.43}]},{"text":"Let us work together to ensure that cultural heritage is protected, not merely as a legacy of our past, but as a living foundation for identity, dialogue, mutual understanding and peace, one that continues to build bridges across generations and cultures.","start":357.91,"end":374.83,"topics":[{"key":"cultural-diplomacy","label":"Cultural Diplomacy","description":"Speakers described cultural diplomacy as a way to turn sensitive heritage disputes into opportunities for dialogue and trust-building. Restitution and heritage cooperation were framed not only as legal processes, but also as means to strengthen bilateral relations and mutual understanding."}],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":357.91,"end":358.19},{"text":"us","start":358.19,"end":358.31},{"text":"work","start":358.31,"end":358.55},{"text":"together","start":358.55,"end":359.07},{"text":"to","start":359.07,"end":359.23},{"text":"ensure","start":359.23,"end":359.83},{"text":"that","start":359.99,"end":360.23},{"text":"cultural","start":360.23,"end":360.71},{"text":"heritage","start":360.71,"end":361.23},{"text":"is","start":361.23,"end":361.35},{"text":"protected,","start":361.35,"end":362.03},{"text":"not","start":362.39,"end":362.71},{"text":"merely","start":362.71,"end":363.23},{"text":"as","start":363.23,"end":363.35},{"text":"a","start":363.35,"end":363.39},{"text":"legacy","start":363.39,"end":363.95},{"text":"of","start":363.95,"end":364.07},{"text":"our","start":364.07,"end":364.23},{"text":"past,","start":364.23,"end":364.71},{"text":"but","start":365.03,"end":365.19},{"text":"as","start":365.19,"end":365.35},{"text":"a","start":365.35,"end":365.43},{"text":"living","start":365.43,"end":365.83},{"text":"foundation","start":365.83,"end":366.71},{"text":"for","start":366.95,"end":367.19},{"text":"identity,","start":367.19,"end":367.91},{"text":"dialogue,","start":367.91,"end":368.55},{"text":"mutual","start":368.63,"end":369.03},{"text":"understanding","start":369.03,"end":369.71},{"text":"and","start":369.71,"end":369.91},{"text":"peace,","start":369.91,"end":370.39},{"text":"one","start":370.71,"end":371.11},{"text":"that","start":371.11,"end":371.27},{"text":"continues","start":371.27,"end":371.83},{"text":"to","start":371.83,"end":371.95},{"text":"build","start":371.95,"end":372.27},{"text":"bridges","start":372.27,"end":372.79},{"text":"across","start":372.79,"end":373.27},{"text":"generations","start":373.27,"end":374.11},{"text":"and","start":374.11,"end":374.23},{"text":"cultures.","start":374.23,"end":374.83}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":375.11,"end":375.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":375.11,"end":375.47},{"text":"you.","start":375.47,"end":375.59}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GRC","group":null,"function":"Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs","affiliation_full":"Greece"}},{"statement_number":3,"start":380.91,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1o/k1oe85ln8d?lang=en&t=6:21","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":380.91,"end":381.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":380.91,"end":381.23},{"text":"you.","start":381.23,"end":381.47}]},{"text":"I will now yield the floor to His Excellency Mr. Edmondo Cirielli, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.","start":382.19,"end":392.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":382.19,"end":382.35},{"text":"will","start":383.31,"end":383.59},{"text":"now","start":383.59,"end":383.87},{"text":"yield","start":383.87,"end":384.15},{"text":"the","start":384.15,"end":384.31},{"text":"floor","start":384.31,"end":384.75},{"text":"to","start":384.75,"end":384.99},{"text":"His","start":384.99,"end":385.31},{"text":"Excellency","start":385.31,"end":386.11},{"text":"Mr.","start":386.11,"end":386.67},{"text":"Edmondo","start":386.67,"end":387.23},{"text":"Cirielli,","start":387.23,"end":388.03},{"text":"Deputy","start":388.27,"end":388.79},{"text":"Minister","start":388.79,"end":389.59},{"text":"of","start":389.59,"end":389.71},{"text":"Foreign","start":389.71,"end":390.07},{"text":"Affairs","start":390.07,"end":390.59},{"text":"and","start":390.59,"end":390.79},{"text":"International","start":390.79,"end":391.47},{"text":"Cooperation","start":391.47,"end":392.27},{"text":"of","start":392.27,"end":392.47},{"text":"Italy.","start":392.47,"end":392.91}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"EPLO","group":null,"function":"Permanent Observer","affiliation_full":"EPLO"}},{"statement_number":4,"start":393.95,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1o/k1oe85ln8d?lang=en&t=6:34","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen.","start":393.95,"end":396.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":393.95,"end":394.19},{"text":"you,","start":394.19,"end":394.35},{"text":"Excellencies,","start":394.39,"end":395.15},{"text":"ladies","start":395.15,"end":395.55},{"text":"and","start":395.55,"end":395.67},{"text":"gentlemen.","start":395.67,"end":396.35}]},{"text":"Italy is proud of co-hosting this event with Greece and EPLO.","start":396.75,"end":402.19,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. 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The discussion stressed its cultural, social, and economic consequences and the need to disrupt trafficking networks."}],"words":[{"text":"Both","start":445.87,"end":446.19},{"text":"Italy","start":446.27,"end":446.63},{"text":"and","start":446.63,"end":446.75},{"text":"Greece","start":446.75,"end":447.23},{"text":"have","start":447.23,"end":447.39},{"text":"experienced","start":447.39,"end":448.27},{"text":"and","start":448.99,"end":449.11},{"text":"the","start":449.71,"end":449.79},{"text":"consequences","start":449.87,"end":450.91},{"text":"of","start":450.91,"end":450.99},{"text":"looting,","start":450.99,"end":451.71},{"text":"illicit","start":451.71,"end":452.43},{"text":"excavation,","start":452.43,"end":453.39},{"text":"and","start":453.39,"end":453.51},{"text":"the","start":453.51,"end":453.71},{"text":"unlawful","start":453.87,"end":454.59},{"text":"removal","start":454.59,"end":455.11},{"text":"of","start":455.11,"end":455.23},{"text":"cultural","start":455.23,"end":455.91},{"text":"property.","start":455.91,"end":456.67}]},{"text":"This shared experience gives our countries a particular responsibility and a strong basis for working together.","start":457.15,"end":465.39,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. 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The discussion stressed its cultural, social, and economic consequences and the need to disrupt trafficking networks."}],"words":[{"text":"Unfortunately,","start":466.51,"end":467.31},{"text":"nowadays,","start":467.55,"end":468.19},{"text":"this","start":468.19,"end":468.43},{"text":"phenomenon","start":468.43,"end":469.07},{"text":"affects","start":469.07,"end":469.71},{"text":"not","start":469.87,"end":470.19},{"text":"only","start":470.19,"end":470.47},{"text":"individual","start":470.47,"end":470.91},{"text":"states,","start":470.91,"end":471.47},{"text":"but","start":471.63,"end":471.79},{"text":"the","start":471.79,"end":471.95},{"text":"cultural","start":471.95,"end":472.51},{"text":"identity","start":472.51,"end":473.31},{"text":"of","start":473.31,"end":473.43},{"text":"humanity","start":473.43,"end":474.19},{"text":"as","start":474.27,"end":474.51},{"text":"a","start":474.51,"end":474.55},{"text":"whole.","start":474.55,"end":475.07}]},{"text":"The fight against illicit trafficking of cultural property is a long-standing priority for Italy, combining legal instruments, law enforcement, international cooperation, and cultural diplomacy.","start":476.67,"end":492.51,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property","description":"Speakers repeatedly focused on looting, illicit excavation, theft, and the cross-border trade in cultural objects as a major threat to heritage in both peace and conflict. The discussion stressed its cultural, social, and economic consequences and the need to disrupt trafficking networks."},{"key":"legal-frameworks","label":"International Legal Frameworks","description":"The debate repeatedly referred to legal instruments such as the 1970 UNESCO Convention, the 1954 Hague Convention, UN General Assembly resolutions, and related treaties. These frameworks were presented as essential foundations for prevention, seizure, recovery, and interstate cooperation."},{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."},{"key":"cultural-diplomacy","label":"Cultural Diplomacy","description":"Speakers described cultural diplomacy as a way to turn sensitive heritage disputes into opportunities for dialogue and trust-building. Restitution and heritage cooperation were framed not only as legal processes, but also as means to strengthen bilateral relations and mutual understanding."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":476.67,"end":476.79},{"text":"fight","start":476.83,"end":477.23},{"text":"against","start":477.27,"end":477.71},{"text":"illicit","start":477.71,"end":478.27},{"text":"trafficking","start":478.27,"end":478.99},{"text":"of","start":479.91,"end":479.99},{"text":"cultural","start":480.03,"end":480.51},{"text":"property","start":480.51,"end":481.15},{"text":"is","start":481.15,"end":481.35},{"text":"a","start":481.35,"end":481.39},{"text":"long-standing","start":481.39,"end":482.43},{"text":"priority","start":482.43,"end":483.23},{"text":"for","start":483.23,"end":483.47},{"text":"Italy,","start":483.47,"end":484.03},{"text":"combining","start":484.67,"end":485.39},{"text":"legal","start":485.39,"end":485.95},{"text":"instruments,","start":486.27,"end":487.15},{"text":"law","start":487.55,"end":487.75},{"text":"enforcement,","start":487.87,"end":488.83},{"text":"international","start":488.83,"end":489.71},{"text":"cooperation,","start":489.71,"end":490.59},{"text":"and","start":490.59,"end":490.83},{"text":"cultural","start":490.83,"end":491.63},{"text":"diplomacy.","start":491.63,"end":492.51}]},{"text":"For instance, the Carabinieri Command for the Protection of Cultural Heritage, established in 1969, was the first police unit in the world specifically established to protect cultural heritage.","start":493.39,"end":508.19,"topics":[{"key":"museum-due-diligence","label":"Museum Ethics, Provenance, and Due Diligence","description":"Museums and the art market were frequently discussed in relation to provenance research, ethical responsibilities, traceability, and responsible acquisitions. 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Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":509.51,"end":509.75},{"text":"Director","start":509.75,"end":510.47},{"text":"Gujral","start":510.47,"end":511.03},{"text":"of","start":511.03,"end":511.11},{"text":"ICOM","start":511.15,"end":511.91},{"text":"knows","start":512.71,"end":513.03},{"text":"very","start":513.03,"end":513.27},{"text":"well,","start":513.27,"end":513.67},{"text":"the","start":513.83,"end":513.95},{"text":"protection","start":513.95,"end":514.59},{"text":"of","start":514.59,"end":514.67},{"text":"cultural","start":514.71,"end":515.47},{"text":"heritage","start":515.47,"end":515.99},{"text":"is","start":516.39,"end":516.63},{"text":"also","start":516.87,"end":517.23},{"text":"a","start":517.23,"end":517.27},{"text":"key","start":517.27,"end":517.59},{"text":"pillar","start":517.59,"end":518.31},{"text":"to","start":519.35,"end":519.55},{"text":"our","start":519.55,"end":519.87},{"text":"development","start":519.87,"end":520.87},{"text":"cooperation","start":520.87,"end":521.67},{"text":"policy.","start":521.67,"end":522.39}]},{"text":"Just last week, me and Director Gujral were in Yerevan, Armenia, to work on a new project in this sector.","start":522.87,"end":531.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Just","start":522.87,"end":523.27},{"text":"last","start":523.27,"end":523.43},{"text":"week,","start":523.43,"end":523.75},{"text":"me","start":523.95,"end":524.31},{"text":"and","start":524.39,"end":524.59},{"text":"Director","start":524.59,"end":525.03},{"text":"Gujral","start":525.03,"end":525.75},{"text":"were","start":525.99,"end":526.31},{"text":"in","start":526.31,"end":526.51},{"text":"Yerevan,","start":526.51,"end":527.19},{"text":"Armenia,","start":527.87,"end":528.39},{"text":"to","start":528.39,"end":528.79},{"text":"work","start":528.79,"end":529.19},{"text":"on","start":529.43,"end":529.67},{"text":"a","start":529.67,"end":529.71},{"text":"new","start":529.71,"end":529.83},{"text":"project","start":529.83,"end":530.39},{"text":"in","start":530.47,"end":530.55},{"text":"this","start":530.55,"end":530.91},{"text":"sector.","start":530.91,"end":531.43}]},{"text":"Dear friends, no country, no institution can succeed alone in this effort.","start":534.15,"end":539.67,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Dear","start":534.15,"end":534.43},{"text":"friends,","start":534.43,"end":534.95},{"text":"no","start":534.95,"end":535.11},{"text":"country,","start":535.11,"end":535.59},{"text":"no","start":535.59,"end":535.83},{"text":"institution","start":535.83,"end":536.55},{"text":"can","start":536.55,"end":536.71},{"text":"succeed","start":536.71,"end":537.43},{"text":"alone","start":537.51,"end":537.99},{"text":"in","start":538.47,"end":538.63},{"text":"this","start":538.63,"end":538.95},{"text":"effort.","start":538.95,"end":539.67}]},{"text":"Effective action requires teamwork.","start":540.07,"end":542.71,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Effective","start":540.07,"end":540.63},{"text":"action","start":540.67,"end":541.19},{"text":"requires","start":541.19,"end":541.83},{"text":"teamwork.","start":541.99,"end":542.71}]},{"text":"It requires cooperation among cultural authorities, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and diplomacy.","start":543.47,"end":552.47,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":543.47,"end":543.59},{"text":"requires","start":543.59,"end":544.15},{"text":"cooperation","start":544.15,"end":544.87},{"text":"among","start":544.87,"end":545.27},{"text":"cultural","start":545.27,"end":545.79},{"text":"authorities,","start":545.79,"end":546.55},{"text":"law","start":546.87,"end":547.15},{"text":"enforcement,","start":547.15,"end":547.99},{"text":"customs,","start":547.99,"end":548.87},{"text":"museums,","start":549.27,"end":550.07},{"text":"international","start":550.07,"end":550.83},{"text":"organizations,","start":550.83,"end":551.75},{"text":"and","start":551.75,"end":551.91},{"text":"diplomacy.","start":551.91,"end":552.47}]},{"text":"For instance, on the sensitive issue of restitution, restitution is not only a legal matter, but also an opportunity to strengthen dialogue and trust between states through cultural diplomacy.","start":553.27,"end":565.83,"topics":[{"key":"return-restitution","label":"Return and Restitution","description":"Many statements addressed the return of cultural property to countries of origin and the practical and political conditions that make restitution possible. Speakers highlighted bilateral agreements, reciprocity, and successful repatriation cases as important models."},{"key":"cultural-diplomacy","label":"Cultural Diplomacy","description":"Speakers described cultural diplomacy as a way to turn sensitive heritage disputes into opportunities for dialogue and trust-building. Restitution and heritage cooperation were framed not only as legal processes, but also as means to strengthen bilateral relations and mutual understanding."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":553.27,"end":553.51},{"text":"instance,","start":553.51,"end":553.99},{"text":"on","start":554.15,"end":554.31},{"text":"the","start":554.31,"end":554.39},{"text":"sensitive","start":554.39,"end":555.03},{"text":"issue","start":555.03,"end":555.51},{"text":"of","start":555.51,"end":555.59},{"text":"restitution,","start":555.59,"end":556.55},{"text":"restitution","start":556.75,"end":557.59},{"text":"is","start":557.83,"end":558.07},{"text":"not","start":558.07,"end":558.23},{"text":"only","start":558.31,"end":558.63},{"text":"a","start":558.71,"end":558.75},{"text":"legal","start":558.75,"end":559.03},{"text":"matter,","start":559.03,"end":559.59},{"text":"but","start":560.07,"end":560.23},{"text":"also","start":560.23,"end":560.59},{"text":"an","start":560.59,"end":560.67},{"text":"opportunity","start":560.67,"end":561.27},{"text":"to","start":561.27,"end":561.39},{"text":"strengthen","start":561.43,"end":561.99},{"text":"dialogue","start":561.99,"end":562.47},{"text":"and","start":562.47,"end":562.63},{"text":"trust","start":562.63,"end":563.03},{"text":"between","start":563.03,"end":563.51},{"text":"states","start":563.51,"end":564.15},{"text":"through","start":564.15,"end":564.39},{"text":"cultural","start":564.39,"end":565.03},{"text":"diplomacy.","start":565.03,"end":565.83}]},{"text":"Cooperation among the states, UNESCO, international and national actors is essential.","start":566.43,"end":571.87,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Cooperation","start":566.43,"end":567.11},{"text":"among","start":567.11,"end":567.31},{"text":"the","start":567.31,"end":567.39},{"text":"states,","start":567.39,"end":568.03},{"text":"UNESCO,","start":568.19,"end":568.79},{"text":"international","start":568.79,"end":569.43},{"text":"and","start":569.43,"end":569.59},{"text":"national","start":569.59,"end":570.15},{"text":"actors","start":570.15,"end":570.83},{"text":"is","start":570.99,"end":571.15},{"text":"essential.","start":571.15,"end":571.87}]},{"text":"Italy and Greece can continue to use their shared experience to promote a more integrated international approach with the support of specialized agencies such as EPLO.","start":572.11,"end":585.15,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Italy","start":572.11,"end":572.59},{"text":"and","start":572.59,"end":572.79},{"text":"Greece","start":572.79,"end":573.23},{"text":"can","start":573.71,"end":573.95},{"text":"continue","start":573.95,"end":574.59},{"text":"to","start":574.59,"end":574.87},{"text":"use","start":574.87,"end":575.39},{"text":"their","start":575.39,"end":575.71},{"text":"shared","start":575.71,"end":576.11},{"text":"experience","start":576.11,"end":576.83},{"text":"to","start":576.83,"end":577.03},{"text":"promote","start":577.03,"end":577.71},{"text":"a","start":578.03,"end":578.07},{"text":"more","start":578.07,"end":578.35},{"text":"integrated","start":578.35,"end":578.95},{"text":"international","start":578.95,"end":579.83},{"text":"approach","start":579.87,"end":580.51},{"text":"with","start":580.83,"end":581.03},{"text":"the","start":581.03,"end":581.15},{"text":"support","start":581.15,"end":581.79},{"text":"of","start":581.79,"end":581.87},{"text":"specialized","start":581.87,"end":582.63},{"text":"agencies","start":582.63,"end":583.31},{"text":"such","start":583.39,"end":583.79},{"text":"as","start":583.87,"end":584.11},{"text":"EPLO.","start":584.23,"end":585.15}]},{"text":"I'm sure that forthcoming international conference on cultural property to be organized next year in Rome by our Minister of Culture will provide further opportunities to develop this dialogue.","start":586.07,"end":599.27,"topics":[{"key":"cultural-diplomacy","label":"Cultural Diplomacy","description":"Speakers described cultural diplomacy as a way to turn sensitive heritage disputes into opportunities for dialogue and trust-building. Restitution and heritage cooperation were framed not only as legal processes, but also as means to strengthen bilateral relations and mutual understanding."},{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized 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you very much.","start":599.51,"end":600.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":599.51,"end":599.75},{"text":"you","start":599.75,"end":599.83},{"text":"very","start":599.83,"end":599.99},{"text":"much.","start":599.99,"end":600.39}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"ITA","group":null,"function":"Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation","affiliation_full":"Italy"}},{"statement_number":5,"start":604.35,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1o/k1oe85ln8d?lang=en&t=10:05","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":604.35,"end":604.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":604.35,"end":604.63},{"text":"you.","start":604.63,"end":604.71}]},{"text":"It is my pleasure to give the floor to Her Excellency Dr. Lina Mendoni, Minister of Culture of Greece.","start":605.47,"end":612.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":605.47,"end":605.59},{"text":"is","start":605.59,"end":605.75},{"text":"my","start":605.75,"end":605.91},{"text":"pleasure","start":605.91,"end":606.47},{"text":"to","start":606.47,"end":606.63},{"text":"give","start":606.63,"end":606.79},{"text":"the","start":606.79,"end":606.95},{"text":"floor","start":606.95,"end":607.35},{"text":"to","start":607.35,"end":607.55},{"text":"Her","start":607.55,"end":607.83},{"text":"Excellency","start":607.83,"end":608.55},{"text":"Dr.","start":608.55,"end":609.11},{"text":"Lina","start":609.11,"end":609.39},{"text":"Mendoni,","start":609.39,"end":610.07},{"text":"Minister","start":610.07,"end":610.79},{"text":"of","start":610.87,"end":611.11},{"text":"Culture","start":611.11,"end":611.67},{"text":"of","start":611.67,"end":611.91},{"text":"Greece.","start":611.91,"end":612.47}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"EPLO","group":null,"function":"Permanent Observer","affiliation_full":"EPLO"}},{"statement_number":6,"start":613.71,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1o/k1oe85ln8d?lang=en&t=10:14","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":613.71,"end":614.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":613.71,"end":613.95},{"text":"you.","start":613.95,"end":614.11}]},{"text":"Excellencies, distinguished representatives, ladies and gentlemen, it is a glad pleasure to join you today to discuss one of the most pressing challenges facing cultural heritage 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would like to thank the permanent missions and the ministries of foreign affairs of Greece and Italy, as well as the European Public Law Organization for bringing us together to address an issue that concerns the safeguarding of culture and the collective memory of peoples.","start":626.99,"end":642.43,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. 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These tools were presented as critical for prevention, identification of stolen objects, monitoring markets, and supporting recovery efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"Greece","start":906.71,"end":907.15},{"text":"was","start":907.23,"end":907.47},{"text":"indeed","start":907.47,"end":907.79},{"text":"the","start":907.79,"end":907.95},{"text":"first","start":907.95,"end":908.19},{"text":"country","start":908.19,"end":908.55},{"text":"in","start":908.55,"end":908.63},{"text":"the","start":908.63,"end":908.71},{"text":"European","start":908.71,"end":909.15},{"text":"Union","start":909.15,"end":909.55},{"text":"to","start":909.55,"end":909.63},{"text":"have","start":909.63,"end":909.87},{"text":"its","start":909.87,"end":910.03},{"text":"own","start":910.03,"end":910.35},{"text":"such","start":910.35,"end":910.55},{"text":"list.","start":910.59,"end":910.99}]},{"text":"The consecutive successes in securing the return of Greek antiquities from abroad in recent years through cooperation with authorities and cultural institutions in numerous countries, and particularly in the United States, confirm in practice that trust and cooperation are effective.","start":911.63,"end":927.43,"topics":[{"key":"return-restitution","label":"Return and Restitution","description":"Many statements addressed the return of cultural property to countries of origin and the practical and political conditions that make restitution possible. 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Restitution and heritage cooperation were framed not only as legal processes, but also as means to strengthen bilateral relations and mutual understanding."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":967.23,"end":967.51},{"text":"brings","start":967.51,"end":967.75},{"text":"me","start":967.75,"end":967.95},{"text":"to","start":967.95,"end":968.07},{"text":"another","start":968.07,"end":968.39},{"text":"dimension,","start":968.39,"end":968.99},{"text":"which","start":968.99,"end":969.19},{"text":"in","start":969.19,"end":969.31},{"text":"my","start":969.31,"end":969.47},{"text":"view","start":969.47,"end":969.79},{"text":"is","start":969.79,"end":969.91},{"text":"fundamental,","start":969.91,"end":970.59},{"text":"cultural","start":970.67,"end":971.23},{"text":"diplomacy.","start":971.23,"end":971.87}]},{"text":"Return and restitution should not be regarded merely as the conclusion of a dispute.","start":972.59,"end":977.59,"topics":[{"key":"return-restitution","label":"Return and Restitution","description":"Many statements addressed the return of cultural property to countries of origin and the practical and political conditions that make restitution possible. 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Restitution and heritage cooperation were framed not only as legal processes, but also as means to strengthen bilateral relations and mutual understanding."}],"words":[{"text":"Return","start":972.59,"end":972.95},{"text":"and","start":973.03,"end":973.19},{"text":"restitution","start":973.19,"end":973.91},{"text":"should","start":974.07,"end":974.31},{"text":"not","start":974.31,"end":974.55},{"text":"be","start":974.55,"end":974.79},{"text":"regarded","start":974.79,"end":975.35},{"text":"merely","start":975.35,"end":975.83},{"text":"as","start":976.07,"end":976.23},{"text":"the","start":976.23,"end":976.35},{"text":"conclusion","start":976.35,"end":976.91},{"text":"of","start":976.91,"end":976.99},{"text":"a","start":976.99,"end":977.03},{"text":"dispute.","start":977.03,"end":977.59}]},{"text":"They have the potential to become the starting point of a renewed and elevated relationship.","start":977.99,"end":984.07,"topics":[{"key":"cultural-diplomacy","label":"Cultural Diplomacy","description":"Speakers described cultural diplomacy as a way to turn sensitive heritage disputes into opportunities for dialogue and trust-building. 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Restitution and heritage cooperation were framed not only as legal processes, but also as means to strengthen bilateral relations and mutual understanding."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":1160.15,"end":1160.35},{"text":"responsibility","start":1160.35,"end":1161.35},{"text":"is","start":1161.35,"end":1161.51},{"text":"to","start":1161.51,"end":1161.63},{"text":"ensure","start":1161.63,"end":1162.07},{"text":"that","start":1162.31,"end":1162.71},{"text":"it","start":1162.71,"end":1162.87},{"text":"is","start":1162.87,"end":1163.03},{"text":"not","start":1163.03,"end":1163.39},{"text":"transformed","start":1163.39,"end":1163.99},{"text":"into","start":1163.99,"end":1164.31},{"text":"the","start":1164.31,"end":1164.47},{"text":"proceeds","start":1164.47,"end":1164.95},{"text":"of","start":1164.95,"end":1165.11},{"text":"crime,","start":1165.11,"end":1165.51},{"text":"casualty","start":1165.99,"end":1166.55},{"text":"of","start":1166.55,"end":1166.71},{"text":"conflict,","start":1166.71,"end":1167.35},{"text":"or","start":1167.59,"end":1167.79},{"text":"a","start":1167.79,"end":1167.83},{"text":"source","start":1167.83,"end":1168.19},{"text":"of","start":1168.19,"end":1168.31},{"text":"division,","start":1168.31,"end":1168.87},{"text":"but","start":1169.03,"end":1169.31},{"text":"remains","start":1169.31,"end":1169.83},{"text":"a","start":1170.23,"end":1170.27},{"text":"foundation","start":1170.27,"end":1171.11},{"text":"of","start":1171.15,"end":1171.27},{"text":"knowledge,","start":1171.27,"end":1171.83},{"text":"dialogue,","start":1171.99,"end":1172.63},{"text":"and","start":1172.79,"end":1172.99},{"text":"mutual","start":1172.99,"end":1173.43},{"text":"understanding.","start":1173.43,"end":1174.15}]},{"text":"This is a responsibility that Greece and Italy wish to advance together.","start":1174.67,"end":1178.51,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1174.67,"end":1174.79},{"text":"is","start":1174.79,"end":1174.91},{"text":"a","start":1174.91,"end":1174.95},{"text":"responsibility","start":1174.95,"end":1175.71},{"text":"that","start":1175.71,"end":1175.95},{"text":"Greece","start":1175.95,"end":1176.27},{"text":"and","start":1176.27,"end":1176.43},{"text":"Italy","start":1176.43,"end":1176.99},{"text":"wish","start":1177.15,"end":1177.43},{"text":"to","start":1177.43,"end":1177.59},{"text":"advance","start":1177.59,"end":1177.95},{"text":"together.","start":1177.95,"end":1178.51}]},{"text":"It is a belief and a possibility that the international community must continue to embrace collectively.","start":1178.99,"end":1185.31,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1178.99,"end":1179.23},{"text":"is","start":1179.23,"end":1179.39},{"text":"a","start":1179.47,"end":1179.51},{"text":"belief","start":1179.51,"end":1179.87},{"text":"and","start":1180.11,"end":1180.27},{"text":"a","start":1180.27,"end":1180.31},{"text":"possibility","start":1180.31,"end":1180.99},{"text":"that","start":1180.99,"end":1181.15},{"text":"the","start":1181.15,"end":1181.23},{"text":"international","start":1181.23,"end":1182.03},{"text":"community","start":1182.03,"end":1182.67},{"text":"must","start":1182.83,"end":1183.07},{"text":"continue","start":1183.07,"end":1183.79},{"text":"to","start":1183.95,"end":1184.11},{"text":"embrace","start":1184.11,"end":1184.59},{"text":"collectively.","start":1184.67,"end":1185.31}]},{"text":"Thank 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wish you a very fruitful discussion and every success in taking this important conversation forward.","start":1380.15,"end":1387.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1380.15,"end":1380.23},{"text":"wish","start":1380.23,"end":1380.55},{"text":"you","start":1380.55,"end":1380.67},{"text":"a","start":1380.67,"end":1380.71},{"text":"very","start":1380.87,"end":1381.11},{"text":"fruitful","start":1381.11,"end":1381.55},{"text":"discussion","start":1381.55,"end":1382.23},{"text":"and","start":1382.79,"end":1383.19},{"text":"every","start":1383.51,"end":1383.99},{"text":"success","start":1383.99,"end":1384.55},{"text":"in","start":1384.63,"end":1384.87},{"text":"taking","start":1384.87,"end":1385.19},{"text":"this","start":1385.19,"end":1385.59},{"text":"important","start":1385.59,"end":1386.19},{"text":"conversation","start":1386.19,"end":1386.95},{"text":"forward.","start":1386.95,"end":1387.43}]},{"text":"And I thank 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Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":1409.47,"end":1409.99},{"text":"colleagues,","start":1409.99,"end":1410.43},{"text":"ladies","start":1410.43,"end":1410.75},{"text":"and","start":1410.75,"end":1410.91},{"text":"gentlemen,","start":1410.91,"end":1411.63},{"text":"at","start":1411.63,"end":1411.71},{"text":"the","start":1411.71,"end":1411.83},{"text":"outset,","start":1411.83,"end":1412.59},{"text":"I","start":1412.59,"end":1412.67},{"text":"would","start":1412.67,"end":1412.79},{"text":"like","start":1412.79,"end":1412.99},{"text":"to","start":1412.99,"end":1413.15},{"text":"thank","start":1413.15,"end":1413.63},{"text":"Greece","start":1414.11,"end":1414.43},{"text":"and","start":1414.43,"end":1414.59},{"text":"Italy","start":1414.59,"end":1414.95},{"text":"for","start":1414.95,"end":1415.55},{"text":"convening","start":1415.55,"end":1416.11},{"text":"this","start":1416.11,"end":1416.59},{"text":"timely","start":1416.67,"end":1417.03},{"text":"discussion.","start":1417.03,"end":1417.87}]},{"text":"And it is a great honor for Armenia to co-sponsor this important event.","start":1417.87,"end":1422.27,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1417.87,"end":1418.03},{"text":"it","start":1418.03,"end":1418.15},{"text":"is","start":1418.15,"end":1418.35},{"text":"a","start":1418.35,"end":1418.43},{"text":"great","start":1418.59,"end":1418.99},{"text":"honor","start":1418.99,"end":1419.23},{"text":"for","start":1419.23,"end":1419.71},{"text":"Armenia","start":1419.71,"end":1420.03},{"text":"to","start":1420.03,"end":1420.19},{"text":"co-sponsor","start":1420.19,"end":1421.15},{"text":"this","start":1421.15,"end":1421.35},{"text":"important","start":1421.35,"end":1421.95},{"text":"event.","start":1421.95,"end":1422.27}]},{"text":"For Armenia, the protection of cultural heritage is closely linked to the preservation of cultural identity, historical memory, and the continuity of cultural traditions.","start":1423.15,"end":1434.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":1423.15,"end":1423.39},{"text":"Armenia,","start":1423.39,"end":1423.87},{"text":"the","start":1423.87,"end":1424.03},{"text":"protection","start":1424.03,"end":1424.67},{"text":"of","start":1424.71,"end":1425.07},{"text":"cultural","start":1425.23,"end":1425.79},{"text":"heritage","start":1425.79,"end":1426.35},{"text":"is","start":1426.35,"end":1426.59},{"text":"closely","start":1426.59,"end":1427.03},{"text":"linked","start":1427.03,"end":1427.43},{"text":"to","start":1427.43,"end":1427.55},{"text":"the","start":1427.55,"end":1427.71},{"text":"preservation","start":1427.75,"end":1428.51},{"text":"of","start":1428.55,"end":1428.83},{"text":"cultural","start":1428.83,"end":1429.39},{"text":"identity,","start":1429.39,"end":1430.11},{"text":"historical","start":1430.11,"end":1430.67},{"text":"memory,","start":1430.67,"end":1431.23},{"text":"and","start":1431.59,"end":1431.75},{"text":"the","start":1431.75,"end":1431.83},{"text":"continuity","start":1431.83,"end":1432.63},{"text":"of","start":1432.63,"end":1432.91},{"text":"cultural","start":1432.91,"end":1433.39},{"text":"traditions.","start":1433.39,"end":1434.03}]},{"text":"We therefore attach particular importance to strengthening international mechanisms for the protection of both tangible and intangible cultural heritage.","start":1434.75,"end":1442.67,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1434.75,"end":1434.91},{"text":"therefore","start":1434.91,"end":1435.39},{"text":"attach","start":1435.39,"end":1435.71},{"text":"particular","start":1435.71,"end":1436.27},{"text":"importance","start":1436.27,"end":1436.83},{"text":"to","start":1436.83,"end":1436.99},{"text":"strengthening","start":1436.99,"end":1437.63},{"text":"international","start":1437.63,"end":1438.23},{"text":"mechanisms","start":1438.23,"end":1438.83},{"text":"for","start":1438.83,"end":1439.07},{"text":"the","start":1439.07,"end":1439.15},{"text":"protection","start":1439.15,"end":1439.71},{"text":"of","start":1439.71,"end":1439.79},{"text":"both","start":1439.79,"end":1440.07},{"text":"tangible","start":1440.07,"end":1440.75},{"text":"and","start":1440.75,"end":1440.99},{"text":"intangible","start":1440.99,"end":1441.55},{"text":"cultural","start":1441.55,"end":1442.03},{"text":"heritage.","start":1442.03,"end":1442.67}]},{"text":"Cultural heritage is particularly vulnerable in times of crisis.","start":1443.39,"end":1447.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Cultural","start":1443.39,"end":1443.75},{"text":"heritage","start":1443.75,"end":1444.15},{"text":"is","start":1444.15,"end":1444.27},{"text":"particularly","start":1444.27,"end":1445.23},{"text":"vulnerable","start":1445.23,"end":1446.03},{"text":"in","start":1446.03,"end":1446.19},{"text":"times","start":1446.19,"end":1446.55},{"text":"of","start":1446.55,"end":1446.67},{"text":"crisis.","start":1446.67,"end":1447.23}]},{"text":"Armed conflicts, national disasters and environmental pressures can expose it to destruction, damage, loss and misappropriation.","start":1447.71,"end":1456.11,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-organized-crime","label":"Armed Conflict, Organized Crime, and Security","description":"A recurring topic was the link between cultural property crime, armed conflict, instability, and transnational organized crime. Participants noted that trafficking can finance armed or terrorist groups and therefore has implications beyond culture, including international security and the rule of law."}],"words":[{"text":"Armed","start":1447.71,"end":1448.03},{"text":"conflicts,","start":1448.03,"end":1448.67},{"text":"national","start":1448.67,"end":1449.23},{"text":"disasters","start":1449.23,"end":1449.95},{"text":"and","start":1449.95,"end":1450.11},{"text":"environmental","start":1450.11,"end":1450.83},{"text":"pressures","start":1450.83,"end":1451.47},{"text":"can","start":1451.71,"end":1451.87},{"text":"expose","start":1451.87,"end":1452.35},{"text":"it","start":1452.35,"end":1452.55},{"text":"to","start":1452.55,"end":1452.67},{"text":"destruction,","start":1452.91,"end":1453.71},{"text":"damage,","start":1453.71,"end":1454.27},{"text":"loss","start":1454.27,"end":1454.67},{"text":"and","start":1454.67,"end":1454.99},{"text":"misappropriation.","start":1455.07,"end":1456.11}]},{"text":"In conflict affected areas, particular attention should be paid to preserving the identity, origin, and historical context of culture and religious heritage.","start":1456.67,"end":1465.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1456.67,"end":1456.83},{"text":"conflict","start":1456.83,"end":1457.23},{"text":"affected","start":1457.23,"end":1457.71},{"text":"areas,","start":1457.71,"end":1458.11},{"text":"particular","start":1458.11,"end":1458.67},{"text":"attention","start":1458.67,"end":1459.15},{"text":"should","start":1459.15,"end":1459.39},{"text":"be","start":1459.39,"end":1459.55},{"text":"paid","start":1459.55,"end":1459.95},{"text":"to","start":1460.31,"end":1460.43},{"text":"preserving","start":1460.43,"end":1460.95},{"text":"the","start":1460.95,"end":1461.07},{"text":"identity,","start":1461.07,"end":1461.83},{"text":"origin,","start":1461.83,"end":1462.47},{"text":"and","start":1462.47,"end":1462.63},{"text":"historical","start":1462.63,"end":1463.19},{"text":"context","start":1463.19,"end":1463.75},{"text":"of","start":1463.75,"end":1463.91},{"text":"culture","start":1463.91,"end":1464.43},{"text":"and","start":1464.43,"end":1464.71},{"text":"religious","start":1464.71,"end":1465.19},{"text":"heritage.","start":1465.19,"end":1465.75}]},{"text":"These risks underline the importance of a strong international legal framework and its effective implementation.","start":1466.39,"end":1472.31,"topics":[{"key":"legal-frameworks","label":"International Legal Frameworks","description":"The debate repeatedly referred to legal instruments such as the 1970 UNESCO Convention, the 1954 Hague Convention, UN General Assembly resolutions, and related treaties. These frameworks were presented as essential foundations for prevention, seizure, recovery, and interstate cooperation."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":1466.39,"end":1466.63},{"text":"risks","start":1466.63,"end":1466.99},{"text":"underline","start":1466.99,"end":1467.51},{"text":"the","start":1467.51,"end":1467.63},{"text":"importance","start":1467.63,"end":1468.23},{"text":"of","start":1468.23,"end":1468.35},{"text":"a","start":1468.35,"end":1468.39},{"text":"strong","start":1468.39,"end":1468.79},{"text":"international","start":1468.79,"end":1469.59},{"text":"legal","start":1469.59,"end":1469.83},{"text":"framework","start":1469.83,"end":1470.43},{"text":"and","start":1470.43,"end":1470.63},{"text":"its","start":1470.63,"end":1470.99},{"text":"effective","start":1470.99,"end":1471.47},{"text":"implementation.","start":1471.47,"end":1472.31}]},{"text":"In this regard, Armenia advocates for the effective implementation of the 1954 Hague Convention and its 1999 Second Protocol, as well as the 1970 UNESCO Convention.","start":1472.95,"end":1483.59,"topics":[{"key":"legal-frameworks","label":"International Legal Frameworks","description":"The debate repeatedly referred to legal instruments such as the 1970 UNESCO Convention, the 1954 Hague Convention, UN General Assembly resolutions, and related treaties. These frameworks were presented as essential foundations for prevention, seizure, recovery, and interstate cooperation."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1472.95,"end":1473.11},{"text":"this","start":1473.11,"end":1473.27},{"text":"regard,","start":1473.27,"end":1473.83},{"text":"Armenia","start":1473.83,"end":1474.23},{"text":"advocates","start":1474.23,"end":1474.83},{"text":"for","start":1474.83,"end":1475.03},{"text":"the","start":1475.03,"end":1475.15},{"text":"effective","start":1475.15,"end":1475.55},{"text":"implementation","start":1475.55,"end":1476.35},{"text":"of","start":1476.35,"end":1476.47},{"text":"the","start":1476.47,"end":1476.55},{"text":"1954","start":1476.55,"end":1477.67},{"text":"Hague","start":1477.67,"end":1477.83},{"text":"Convention","start":1477.83,"end":1478.47},{"text":"and","start":1478.47,"end":1478.63},{"text":"its","start":1478.63,"end":1478.87},{"text":"1999","start":1478.87,"end":1479.83},{"text":"Second","start":1480.15,"end":1480.51},{"text":"Protocol,","start":1480.51,"end":1481.19},{"text":"as","start":1481.19,"end":1481.35},{"text":"well","start":1481.35,"end":1481.55},{"text":"as","start":1481.55,"end":1481.67},{"text":"the","start":1481.67,"end":1481.79},{"text":"1970","start":1481.79,"end":1482.47},{"text":"UNESCO","start":1482.47,"end":1482.99},{"text":"Convention.","start":1482.99,"end":1483.59}]},{"text":"We also continue to contribute to international efforts aimed at protecting heritage in situation of crisis.","start":1484.31,"end":1490.43,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1484.31,"end":1484.39},{"text":"also","start":1484.39,"end":1484.71},{"text":"continue","start":1484.71,"end":1485.11},{"text":"to","start":1485.11,"end":1485.27},{"text":"contribute","start":1485.27,"end":1485.87},{"text":"to","start":1485.87,"end":1485.95},{"text":"international","start":1485.95,"end":1486.55},{"text":"efforts","start":1486.55,"end":1486.99},{"text":"aimed","start":1486.99,"end":1487.19},{"text":"at","start":1487.19,"end":1487.35},{"text":"protecting","start":1487.35,"end":1488.15},{"text":"heritage","start":1488.51,"end":1488.99},{"text":"in","start":1488.99,"end":1489.11},{"text":"situation","start":1489.11,"end":1489.71},{"text":"of","start":1489.71,"end":1489.79},{"text":"crisis.","start":1489.79,"end":1490.43}]},{"text":"We have shared our expertise through UNESCO's Revive the Spirit of Mosul initiative.","start":1490.59,"end":1495.63,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1490.59,"end":1490.71},{"text":"have","start":1490.71,"end":1490.83},{"text":"shared","start":1490.83,"end":1491.23},{"text":"our","start":1491.23,"end":1491.39},{"text":"expertise","start":1491.39,"end":1492.35},{"text":"through","start":1492.83,"end":1493.03},{"text":"UNESCO's","start":1493.03,"end":1493.59},{"text":"Revive","start":1493.59,"end":1494.03},{"text":"the","start":1494.03,"end":1494.15},{"text":"Spirit","start":1494.15,"end":1494.55},{"text":"of","start":1494.55,"end":1494.67},{"text":"Mosul","start":1494.67,"end":1494.99},{"text":"initiative.","start":1494.99,"end":1495.63}]},{"text":"In May this year, Armenia joined the International Alliance for the Protection of Heritage in Conflict Areas.","start":1496.27,"end":1501.87,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1496.27,"end":1496.43},{"text":"May","start":1496.43,"end":1496.59},{"text":"this","start":1496.59,"end":1496.83},{"text":"year,","start":1496.83,"end":1497.23},{"text":"Armenia","start":1497.23,"end":1497.63},{"text":"joined","start":1497.63,"end":1497.91},{"text":"the","start":1497.91,"end":1497.99},{"text":"International","start":1497.99,"end":1498.63},{"text":"Alliance","start":1498.63,"end":1499.15},{"text":"for","start":1499.15,"end":1499.39},{"text":"the","start":1499.39,"end":1499.47},{"text":"Protection","start":1499.47,"end":1499.99},{"text":"of","start":1499.99,"end":1500.11},{"text":"Heritage","start":1500.11,"end":1500.67},{"text":"in","start":1500.67,"end":1500.83},{"text":"Conflict","start":1500.83,"end":1501.39},{"text":"Areas.","start":1501.39,"end":1501.87}]},{"text":"Alongside these efforts, Armenia attaches importance to new and emerging technologies for the protection of cultural heritage, particularly for preparedness, monitoring, and response.","start":1502.59,"end":1512.95,"topics":[{"key":"technology-documentation","label":"Technology, Documentation, and Inventories","description":"Several speakers stressed the importance of provenance research, inventories, interoperable databases, digital monitoring tools, AI, and virtual platforms. These tools were presented as critical for prevention, identification of stolen objects, monitoring markets, and supporting recovery efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"Alongside","start":1502.59,"end":1503.07},{"text":"these","start":1503.07,"end":1503.31},{"text":"efforts,","start":1503.31,"end":1503.79},{"text":"Armenia","start":1503.79,"end":1504.27},{"text":"attaches","start":1504.27,"end":1504.67},{"text":"importance","start":1504.67,"end":1505.23},{"text":"to","start":1505.23,"end":1505.43},{"text":"new","start":1505.43,"end":1505.71},{"text":"and","start":1505.71,"end":1505.91},{"text":"emerging","start":1505.91,"end":1506.39},{"text":"technologies","start":1506.39,"end":1507.07},{"text":"for","start":1507.07,"end":1507.23},{"text":"the","start":1507.23,"end":1507.31},{"text":"protection","start":1507.31,"end":1507.91},{"text":"of","start":1507.91,"end":1508.03},{"text":"cultural","start":1508.03,"end":1508.47},{"text":"heritage,","start":1508.47,"end":1508.99},{"text":"particularly","start":1509.15,"end":1510.11},{"text":"for","start":1510.39,"end":1510.63},{"text":"preparedness,","start":1510.63,"end":1511.35},{"text":"monitoring,","start":1511.35,"end":1511.99},{"text":"and","start":1511.99,"end":1512.31},{"text":"response.","start":1512.31,"end":1512.95}]},{"text":"In December 2025, Armenia initiated the adoption by consensus of a resolution on enhancing the protection and restoration of cultural heritage through the use of new and emerging technologies at the meeting of the high contracting parties to the 1954 Hague Convention.","start":1513.19,"end":1530.71,"topics":[{"key":"technology-documentation","label":"Technology, Documentation, and Inventories","description":"Several speakers stressed the importance of provenance research, inventories, interoperable databases, digital monitoring tools, AI, and virtual platforms. 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These frameworks were presented as essential foundations for prevention, seizure, recovery, and interstate cooperation."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1513.19,"end":1513.35},{"text":"December","start":1513.35,"end":1513.83},{"text":"2025,","start":1513.83,"end":1514.79},{"text":"Armenia","start":1515.11,"end":1515.59},{"text":"initiated","start":1515.59,"end":1516.23},{"text":"the","start":1516.23,"end":1516.31},{"text":"adoption","start":1516.31,"end":1516.71},{"text":"by","start":1516.71,"end":1516.87},{"text":"consensus","start":1516.87,"end":1517.59},{"text":"of","start":1517.59,"end":1517.71},{"text":"a","start":1517.71,"end":1517.75},{"text":"resolution","start":1517.75,"end":1518.63},{"text":"on","start":1518.67,"end":1518.87},{"text":"enhancing","start":1518.87,"end":1519.35},{"text":"the","start":1519.35,"end":1519.43},{"text":"protection","start":1519.43,"end":1520.15},{"text":"and","start":1520.15,"end":1520.31},{"text":"restoration","start":1520.31,"end":1520.95},{"text":"of","start":1520.95,"end":1521.11},{"text":"cultural","start":1521.11,"end":1521.55},{"text":"heritage","start":1521.55,"end":1522.07},{"text":"through","start":1522.47,"end":1522.63},{"text":"the","start":1522.63,"end":1522.75},{"text":"use","start":1522.79,"end":1523.11},{"text":"of","start":1523.11,"end":1523.35},{"text":"new","start":1523.35,"end":1523.67},{"text":"and","start":1523.71,"end":1523.91},{"text":"emerging","start":1523.91,"end":1524.31},{"text":"technologies","start":1524.31,"end":1525.19},{"text":"at","start":1525.67,"end":1525.79},{"text":"the","start":1525.79,"end":1525.87},{"text":"meeting","start":1525.87,"end":1526.31},{"text":"of","start":1526.31,"end":1526.55},{"text":"the","start":1526.55,"end":1526.67},{"text":"high","start":1526.67,"end":1526.95},{"text":"contracting","start":1526.95,"end":1527.51},{"text":"parties","start":1527.51,"end":1528.07},{"text":"to","start":1528.07,"end":1528.23},{"text":"the","start":1528.23,"end":1528.35},{"text":"1954","start":1528.35,"end":1529.51},{"text":"Hague","start":1529.83,"end":1530.03},{"text":"Convention.","start":1530.03,"end":1530.71}]},{"text":"Our engagement in the Asian Civilization Forum provides a broader platform for advancing these priorities.","start":1531.51,"end":1537.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":1531.51,"end":1531.71},{"text":"engagement","start":1531.71,"end":1532.39},{"text":"in","start":1532.39,"end":1532.55},{"text":"the","start":1532.55,"end":1532.67},{"text":"Asian","start":1532.95,"end":1533.31},{"text":"Civilization","start":1533.31,"end":1533.99},{"text":"Forum","start":1533.99,"end":1534.39},{"text":"provides","start":1534.39,"end":1534.95},{"text":"a","start":1534.95,"end":1535.03},{"text":"broader","start":1535.03,"end":1535.43},{"text":"platform","start":1535.43,"end":1535.91},{"text":"for","start":1535.91,"end":1536.15},{"text":"advancing","start":1536.15,"end":1536.71},{"text":"these","start":1536.71,"end":1537.03},{"text":"priorities.","start":1537.03,"end":1537.83}]},{"text":"Armenia hosted the eighth ministerial meeting of the forum in Yerevan in December 2024.","start":1538.47,"end":1544.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Armenia","start":1538.47,"end":1538.83},{"text":"hosted","start":1538.83,"end":1539.27},{"text":"the","start":1539.27,"end":1539.39},{"text":"eighth","start":1539.39,"end":1539.99},{"text":"ministerial","start":1539.99,"end":1540.55},{"text":"meeting","start":1540.55,"end":1540.95},{"text":"of","start":1540.95,"end":1541.11},{"text":"the","start":1541.11,"end":1541.23},{"text":"forum","start":1541.23,"end":1541.55},{"text":"in","start":1541.55,"end":1541.67},{"text":"Yerevan","start":1541.67,"end":1542.31},{"text":"in","start":1542.31,"end":1542.39},{"text":"December","start":1542.39,"end":1543.43},{"text":"2024.","start":1543.43,"end":1544.47}]},{"text":"The resulting Yerevan Declaration emphasized stronger cooperation to prevent trafficking in cultural property and facilitate restoration, cooperation with UNESCO to preserve endangered heritage, and expand use of new technologies and artificial intelligence for heritage protection.","start":1545.11,"end":1562.71,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."},{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property","description":"Speakers repeatedly focused on looting, illicit excavation, theft, and the cross-border trade in cultural objects as a major threat to heritage in both peace and conflict. The discussion stressed its cultural, social, and economic consequences and the need to disrupt trafficking networks."},{"key":"technology-documentation","label":"Technology, Documentation, and Inventories","description":"Several speakers stressed the importance of provenance research, inventories, interoperable databases, digital monitoring tools, AI, and virtual platforms. These tools were presented as critical for prevention, identification of stolen objects, monitoring markets, and supporting recovery efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1545.11,"end":1545.31},{"text":"resulting","start":1545.35,"end":1545.91},{"text":"Yerevan","start":1545.91,"end":1546.31},{"text":"Declaration","start":1546.31,"end":1547.03},{"text":"emphasized","start":1547.03,"end":1547.71},{"text":"stronger","start":1547.71,"end":1548.23},{"text":"cooperation","start":1548.23,"end":1549.03},{"text":"to","start":1549.03,"end":1549.15},{"text":"prevent","start":1549.15,"end":1549.71},{"text":"trafficking","start":1549.71,"end":1550.23},{"text":"in","start":1550.23,"end":1550.39},{"text":"cultural","start":1550.39,"end":1550.83},{"text":"property","start":1550.83,"end":1551.43},{"text":"and","start":1551.43,"end":1551.59},{"text":"facilitate","start":1551.59,"end":1552.39},{"text":"restoration,","start":1552.79,"end":1553.67},{"text":"cooperation","start":1553.67,"end":1554.27},{"text":"with","start":1554.27,"end":1554.43},{"text":"UNESCO","start":1554.47,"end":1554.95},{"text":"to","start":1554.95,"end":1555.11},{"text":"preserve","start":1555.11,"end":1555.75},{"text":"endangered","start":1555.83,"end":1556.43},{"text":"heritage,","start":1556.43,"end":1557.03},{"text":"and","start":1557.03,"end":1557.35},{"text":"expand","start":1557.35,"end":1557.83},{"text":"use","start":1557.83,"end":1558.11},{"text":"of","start":1558.15,"end":1558.39},{"text":"new","start":1558.39,"end":1558.63},{"text":"technologies","start":1558.63,"end":1559.43},{"text":"and","start":1559.43,"end":1559.75},{"text":"artificial","start":1559.75,"end":1560.31},{"text":"intelligence","start":1560.31,"end":1561.03},{"text":"for","start":1561.03,"end":1561.43},{"text":"heritage","start":1561.67,"end":1562.07},{"text":"protection.","start":1562.07,"end":1562.71}]},{"text":"We greatly value Greece's role in advancing this agenda.","start":1564.07,"end":1567.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1564.07,"end":1564.23},{"text":"greatly","start":1564.23,"end":1564.75},{"text":"value","start":1564.75,"end":1565.27},{"text":"Greece's","start":1565.27,"end":1565.67},{"text":"role","start":1565.67,"end":1566.07},{"text":"in","start":1566.07,"end":1566.19},{"text":"advancing","start":1566.19,"end":1566.79},{"text":"this","start":1566.87,"end":1567.11},{"text":"agenda.","start":1567.11,"end":1567.67}]},{"text":"The forums meeting in Athens in 2025 under the Greek chairmanship contributed to strengthening cultural diplomacy and practical cooperation.","start":1567.75,"end":1575.91,"topics":[{"key":"cultural-diplomacy","label":"Cultural Diplomacy","description":"Speakers described cultural diplomacy as a way to turn sensitive heritage disputes into opportunities for dialogue and trust-building. 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Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1601.75,"end":1601.83},{"text":"can","start":1601.83,"end":1602.23},{"text":"only","start":1602.47,"end":1602.95},{"text":"reaffirm","start":1603.67,"end":1604.31},{"text":"our","start":1604.31,"end":1604.43},{"text":"commitment","start":1604.47,"end":1605.07},{"text":"to","start":1605.07,"end":1605.19},{"text":"working","start":1605.19,"end":1605.67},{"text":"with","start":1605.67,"end":1605.87},{"text":"all","start":1606.11,"end":1606.31},{"text":"partners","start":1606.31,"end":1606.95},{"text":"to","start":1606.95,"end":1607.07},{"text":"strengthen","start":1607.11,"end":1607.67},{"text":"the","start":1607.67,"end":1607.75},{"text":"protection","start":1607.75,"end":1608.39},{"text":"of","start":1608.47,"end":1608.71},{"text":"cultural","start":1608.79,"end":1609.35},{"text":"heritage.","start":1609.35,"end":1609.91}]},{"text":"We believe that safeguarding cultural heritage is a shared responsibility.","start":1610.31,"end":1614.63,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. 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Restitution and heritage cooperation were framed not only as legal processes, but also as means to strengthen bilateral relations and mutual understanding."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":1614.99,"end":1615.27},{"text":"an","start":1615.27,"end":1615.39},{"text":"important","start":1615.39,"end":1615.87},{"text":"contribution","start":1615.87,"end":1616.59},{"text":"to","start":1616.59,"end":1616.99},{"text":"mutual","start":1616.99,"end":1617.39},{"text":"understanding,","start":1617.39,"end":1618.11},{"text":"dialogue,","start":1618.11,"end":1618.75},{"text":"and","start":1618.75,"end":1618.99},{"text":"the","start":1618.99,"end":1619.07},{"text":"culture","start":1619.23,"end":1619.71},{"text":"of","start":1619.71,"end":1619.79},{"text":"peace.","start":1619.79,"end":1620.19}]},{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":1620.27,"end":1621.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1620.27,"end":1620.51},{"text":"you","start":1620.51,"end":1620.59},{"text":"very","start":1620.59,"end":1620.75},{"text":"much.","start":1620.75,"end":1621.07}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"ARM","group":null,"function":"Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Trade","affiliation_full":"Armenia"}},{"statement_number":11,"start":1626.91,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1o/k1oe85ln8d?lang=en&t=27:07","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I will now yield the floor to Mr. Antonio Rodriguez, President of ICOM, the International Council of Museums.","start":1626.91,"end":1634.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1626.91,"end":1627.07},{"text":"will","start":1627.07,"end":1627.39},{"text":"now","start":1627.39,"end":1627.71},{"text":"yield","start":1627.71,"end":1628.07},{"text":"the","start":1628.07,"end":1628.19},{"text":"floor","start":1628.19,"end":1628.67},{"text":"to","start":1628.67,"end":1628.83},{"text":"Mr.","start":1628.83,"end":1629.27},{"text":"Antonio","start":1629.27,"end":1629.71},{"text":"Rodriguez,","start":1629.71,"end":1630.43},{"text":"President","start":1630.43,"end":1631.07},{"text":"of","start":1631.07,"end":1631.23},{"text":"ICOM,","start":1631.35,"end":1631.79},{"text":"the","start":1631.79,"end":1631.87},{"text":"International","start":1631.87,"end":1632.75},{"text":"Council","start":1632.75,"end":1633.31},{"text":"of","start":1633.31,"end":1633.55},{"text":"Museums.","start":1633.55,"end":1634.35}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"EPLO","group":null,"function":"Permanent Observer","affiliation_full":"EPLO"}},{"statement_number":12,"start":1636.03,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1o/k1oe85ln8d?lang=en&t=27:17","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you. Honorable Minister of Culture, Dr. Lina Mendoni, Deputy Ministers, Ms. Alexandra Papadopoulou and Mr. Eduardo Schiriali, Your Excellencies, distinguished colleagues, ladies and gentlemen, it is an honor for me to represent the International Council of Museums, ICOM, at this important event.","start":1636.03,"end":1658.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1636.03,"end":1636.27},{"text":"you.","start":1636.27,"end":1636.35},{"text":"Honorable","start":1637.55,"end":1638.19},{"text":"Minister","start":1638.19,"end":1638.67},{"text":"of","start":1638.67,"end":1638.75},{"text":"Culture,","start":1638.75,"end":1639.15},{"text":"Dr.","start":1639.15,"end":1639.63},{"text":"Lina","start":1639.63,"end":1640.03},{"text":"Mendoni,","start":1640.03,"end":1640.75},{"text":"Deputy","start":1641.43,"end":1641.67},{"text":"Ministers,","start":1641.67,"end":1642.47},{"text":"Ms.","start":1643.27,"end":1643.59},{"text":"Alexandra","start":1643.59,"end":1644.15},{"text":"Papadopoulou","start":1644.15,"end":1644.95},{"text":"and","start":1645.03,"end":1645.23},{"text":"Mr.","start":1645.23,"end":1645.47},{"text":"Eduardo","start":1645.47,"end":1645.91},{"text":"Schiriali,","start":1645.91,"end":1646.55},{"text":"Your","start":1647.47,"end":1647.67},{"text":"Excellencies,","start":1647.67,"end":1648.71},{"text":"distinguished","start":1648.71,"end":1649.43},{"text":"colleagues,","start":1649.43,"end":1649.99},{"text":"ladies","start":1650.23,"end":1650.75},{"text":"and","start":1650.75,"end":1650.95},{"text":"gentlemen,","start":1650.95,"end":1651.43},{"text":"it","start":1652.39,"end":1652.51},{"text":"is","start":1652.51,"end":1652.67},{"text":"an","start":1652.67,"end":1652.87},{"text":"honor","start":1652.87,"end":1653.27},{"text":"for","start":1653.27,"end":1653.51},{"text":"me","start":1653.51,"end":1653.75},{"text":"to","start":1653.75,"end":1653.99},{"text":"represent","start":1653.99,"end":1654.67},{"text":"the","start":1654.67,"end":1654.75},{"text":"International","start":1654.75,"end":1655.59},{"text":"Council","start":1655.59,"end":1655.95},{"text":"of","start":1655.95,"end":1656.07},{"text":"Museums,","start":1656.07,"end":1656.55},{"text":"ICOM,","start":1656.55,"end":1657.11},{"text":"at","start":1657.15,"end":1657.27},{"text":"this","start":1657.27,"end":1657.51},{"text":"important","start":1657.51,"end":1658.03},{"text":"event.","start":1658.03,"end":1658.47}]},{"text":"extend my sincere gratitude to the Minister and the Deputy Minister from the Permanent Mission of Greece and Italy, but also for the co-sponsoring to the Mission of Armenia, for bringing together this distinguished group.","start":1659.15,"end":1676.75,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"extend","start":1659.15,"end":1659.63},{"text":"my","start":1659.63,"end":1659.79},{"text":"sincere","start":1659.79,"end":1660.35},{"text":"gratitude","start":1660.35,"end":1661.15},{"text":"to","start":1661.47,"end":1661.59},{"text":"the","start":1661.59,"end":1661.71},{"text":"Minister","start":1661.71,"end":1662.51},{"text":"and","start":1662.55,"end":1662.71},{"text":"the","start":1662.71,"end":1662.79},{"text":"Deputy","start":1662.79,"end":1663.23},{"text":"Minister","start":1663.23,"end":1664.19},{"text":"from","start":1664.19,"end":1664.59},{"text":"the","start":1664.59,"end":1664.75},{"text":"Permanent","start":1664.75,"end":1665.23},{"text":"Mission","start":1665.23,"end":1665.79},{"text":"of","start":1665.83,"end":1666.03},{"text":"Greece","start":1666.03,"end":1666.31},{"text":"and","start":1666.35,"end":1666.59},{"text":"Italy,","start":1666.59,"end":1667.07},{"text":"but","start":1667.39,"end":1667.63},{"text":"also","start":1667.63,"end":1668.27},{"text":"for","start":1668.27,"end":1668.51},{"text":"the","start":1668.51,"end":1668.63},{"text":"co-sponsoring","start":1668.63,"end":1670.63},{"text":"to","start":1670.63,"end":1670.71},{"text":"the","start":1670.79,"end":1670.99},{"text":"Mission","start":1670.99,"end":1671.87},{"text":"of","start":1671.99,"end":1672.11},{"text":"Armenia,","start":1672.11,"end":1672.63},{"text":"for","start":1673.31,"end":1673.47},{"text":"bringing","start":1673.47,"end":1673.83},{"text":"together","start":1673.83,"end":1674.43},{"text":"this","start":1674.99,"end":1675.55},{"text":"distinguished","start":1675.55,"end":1676.31},{"text":"group.","start":1676.35,"end":1676.75}]},{"text":"Also, my gratitude to the European Public Law Organization for bringing all of us together today to address one very important and crucial challenge for all our organization.","start":1676.99,"end":1692.07,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. 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The discussion stressed its cultural, social, and economic consequences and the need to disrupt trafficking networks."},{"key":"return-restitution","label":"Return and Restitution","description":"Many statements addressed the return of cultural property to countries of origin and the practical and political conditions that make restitution possible. Speakers highlighted bilateral agreements, reciprocity, and successful repatriation cases as important models."},{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. 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These tools were presented as critical for prevention, identification of stolen objects, monitoring markets, and supporting recovery efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"One","start":1785.43,"end":1785.71},{"text":"of","start":1785.71,"end":1785.91},{"text":"the","start":1785.99,"end":1786.23},{"text":"best","start":1786.23,"end":1786.55},{"text":"known","start":1786.55,"end":1786.79},{"text":"instruments","start":1786.79,"end":1787.51},{"text":"that","start":1787.59,"end":1787.75},{"text":"we","start":1787.75,"end":1787.87},{"text":"have","start":1787.87,"end":1788.07},{"text":"developed","start":1788.07,"end":1788.63},{"text":"is","start":1789.03,"end":1789.27},{"text":"the","start":1789.27,"end":1789.39},{"text":"ICOM","start":1789.43,"end":1789.99},{"text":"Red","start":1790.07,"end":1790.39},{"text":"List","start":1790.39,"end":1790.95},{"text":"of","start":1791.15,"end":1791.35},{"text":"Cultural","start":1791.35,"end":1791.83},{"text":"Objects","start":1791.91,"end":1792.55},{"text":"at","start":1792.63,"end":1792.79},{"text":"Risk.","start":1792.79,"end":1793.27}]},{"text":"For more than 25 years, ICOM Red List have helped museums, law enforcement, and custom authorities identify categories of objects particularly vulnerable to illicit trafficking.","start":1794.23,"end":1808.75,"topics":[{"key":"technology-documentation","label":"Technology, Documentation, and Inventories","description":"Several speakers stressed the importance of provenance research, inventories, interoperable databases, digital monitoring tools, AI, and virtual platforms. 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Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":1794.23,"end":1794.43},{"text":"more","start":1794.43,"end":1794.71},{"text":"than","start":1794.71,"end":1794.87},{"text":"25","start":1794.87,"end":1795.51},{"text":"years,","start":1795.51,"end":1796.07},{"text":"ICOM","start":1796.31,"end":1796.79},{"text":"Red","start":1796.79,"end":1797.07},{"text":"List","start":1797.07,"end":1797.47},{"text":"have","start":1797.71,"end":1797.91},{"text":"helped","start":1797.95,"end":1798.27},{"text":"museums,","start":1798.27,"end":1799.15},{"text":"law","start":1799.47,"end":1799.83},{"text":"enforcement,","start":1799.83,"end":1800.71},{"text":"and","start":1800.71,"end":1800.91},{"text":"custom","start":1800.91,"end":1801.35},{"text":"authorities","start":1801.35,"end":1801.95},{"text":"identify","start":1802.27,"end":1803.15},{"text":"categories","start":1803.39,"end":1804.07},{"text":"of","start":1804.07,"end":1804.19},{"text":"objects","start":1804.27,"end":1804.83},{"text":"particularly","start":1805.15,"end":1806.11},{"text":"vulnerable","start":1806.47,"end":1807.15},{"text":"to","start":1807.47,"end":1807.63},{"text":"illicit","start":1807.63,"end":1808.31},{"text":"trafficking.","start":1808.31,"end":1808.75}]},{"text":"ICOM has published red lists covering more than 50 countries.","start":1809.87,"end":1815.47,"topics":[{"key":"technology-documentation","label":"Technology, Documentation, and Inventories","description":"Several speakers stressed the importance of provenance research, inventories, interoperable databases, digital monitoring tools, AI, and virtual platforms. These tools were presented as critical for prevention, identification of stolen objects, monitoring markets, and supporting recovery efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"ICOM","start":1809.87,"end":1810.35},{"text":"has","start":1810.35,"end":1810.59},{"text":"published","start":1810.59,"end":1811.07},{"text":"red","start":1811.07,"end":1811.35},{"text":"lists","start":1811.39,"end":1811.91},{"text":"covering","start":1812.51,"end":1812.95},{"text":"more","start":1812.99,"end":1813.31},{"text":"than","start":1813.31,"end":1813.51},{"text":"50","start":1813.51,"end":1814.19},{"text":"countries.","start":1814.83,"end":1815.47}]},{"text":"In March 2025, ICOM, along ICOM-Greece, together with the Hellenic Minister of Culture, launched the ICOM Red List of Greek Cultural Objects at Risk in Athens.","start":1816.03,"end":1831.27,"topics":[{"key":"technology-documentation","label":"Technology, Documentation, and Inventories","description":"Several speakers stressed the importance of provenance research, inventories, interoperable databases, digital monitoring tools, AI, and virtual platforms. These tools were presented as critical for prevention, identification of stolen objects, monitoring markets, and supporting recovery efforts."},{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."},{"key":"cultural-diplomacy","label":"Cultural Diplomacy","description":"Speakers described cultural diplomacy as a way to turn sensitive heritage disputes into opportunities for dialogue and trust-building. Restitution and heritage cooperation were framed not only as legal processes, but also as means to strengthen bilateral relations and mutual understanding."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1816.03,"end":1816.15},{"text":"March","start":1816.15,"end":1816.67},{"text":"2025,","start":1816.67,"end":1817.63},{"text":"ICOM,","start":1817.95,"end":1818.51},{"text":"along","start":1818.99,"end":1819.39},{"text":"ICOM-Greece,","start":1819.55,"end":1820.43},{"text":"together","start":1823.03,"end":1823.47},{"text":"with","start":1823.47,"end":1823.63},{"text":"the","start":1823.63,"end":1823.71},{"text":"Hellenic","start":1823.71,"end":1824.15},{"text":"Minister","start":1824.31,"end":1824.75},{"text":"of","start":1824.75,"end":1824.87},{"text":"Culture,","start":1824.87,"end":1825.27},{"text":"launched","start":1825.27,"end":1825.67},{"text":"the","start":1825.67,"end":1825.87},{"text":"ICOM","start":1825.91,"end":1826.55},{"text":"Red","start":1826.55,"end":1826.87},{"text":"List","start":1826.87,"end":1827.23},{"text":"of","start":1827.31,"end":1827.51},{"text":"Greek","start":1827.51,"end":1827.83},{"text":"Cultural","start":1828.55,"end":1829.11},{"text":"Objects","start":1829.11,"end":1829.67},{"text":"at","start":1829.87,"end":1829.99},{"text":"Risk","start":1829.99,"end":1830.35},{"text":"in","start":1830.47,"end":1830.63},{"text":"Athens.","start":1830.63,"end":1831.27}]},{"text":"This effort reminds us that protecting cultural heritage from trafficking is an ongoing responsibility in times of both crisis and peace.","start":1831.99,"end":1843.59,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property","description":"Speakers repeatedly focused on looting, illicit excavation, theft, and the cross-border trade in cultural objects as a major threat to heritage in both peace and conflict. The discussion stressed its cultural, social, and economic consequences and the need to disrupt trafficking networks."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1831.99,"end":1832.31},{"text":"effort","start":1832.31,"end":1832.83},{"text":"reminds","start":1833.03,"end":1833.59},{"text":"us","start":1833.59,"end":1833.91},{"text":"that","start":1833.99,"end":1834.15},{"text":"protecting","start":1834.15,"end":1834.71},{"text":"cultural","start":1834.71,"end":1835.15},{"text":"heritage","start":1835.15,"end":1835.83},{"text":"from","start":1836.07,"end":1836.35},{"text":"trafficking","start":1836.35,"end":1836.95},{"text":"is","start":1837.35,"end":1837.59},{"text":"an","start":1837.59,"end":1837.83},{"text":"ongoing","start":1837.83,"end":1838.31},{"text":"responsibility","start":1838.55,"end":1839.59},{"text":"in","start":1839.99,"end":1840.23},{"text":"times","start":1840.23,"end":1840.71},{"text":"of","start":1840.99,"end":1841.11},{"text":"both","start":1841.11,"end":1841.43},{"text":"crisis","start":1841.91,"end":1842.63},{"text":"and","start":1843.03,"end":1843.19},{"text":"peace.","start":1843.19,"end":1843.59}]},{"text":"More broadly, systematic and standardized approaches to heritage protection can empower communities and contribute to sustainable development.","start":1844.63,"end":1854.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"More","start":1844.63,"end":1844.95},{"text":"broadly,","start":1844.95,"end":1845.43},{"text":"systematic","start":1845.75,"end":1846.63},{"text":"and","start":1846.63,"end":1846.79},{"text":"standardized","start":1846.79,"end":1847.63},{"text":"approaches","start":1847.63,"end":1848.11},{"text":"to","start":1848.11,"end":1848.23},{"text":"heritage","start":1848.23,"end":1848.67},{"text":"protection","start":1848.67,"end":1849.35},{"text":"can","start":1849.87,"end":1850.19},{"text":"empower","start":1850.19,"end":1850.83},{"text":"communities","start":1850.83,"end":1851.63},{"text":"and","start":1851.87,"end":1852.07},{"text":"contribute","start":1852.07,"end":1852.79},{"text":"to","start":1852.79,"end":1852.87},{"text":"sustainable","start":1852.87,"end":1853.47},{"text":"development.","start":1853.47,"end":1854.03}]},{"text":"The International Decade for Cultural and Sustainable Development, adopted by the UN General Assembly this September, provide an opportunity to strengthen this effort through international cooperation and multicultural action.","start":1854.83,"end":1868.83,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1854.83,"end":1854.95},{"text":"International","start":1854.95,"end":1855.75},{"text":"Decade","start":1855.75,"end":1856.11},{"text":"for","start":1856.11,"end":1856.35},{"text":"Cultural","start":1856.35,"end":1856.83},{"text":"and","start":1856.91,"end":1857.15},{"text":"Sustainable","start":1857.15,"end":1857.67},{"text":"Development,","start":1857.67,"end":1858.19},{"text":"adopted","start":1858.35,"end":1858.87},{"text":"by","start":1858.87,"end":1859.07},{"text":"the","start":1859.07,"end":1859.19},{"text":"UN","start":1859.19,"end":1859.51},{"text":"General","start":1859.51,"end":1859.91},{"text":"Assembly","start":1859.91,"end":1860.27},{"text":"this","start":1860.27,"end":1860.47},{"text":"September,","start":1860.47,"end":1861.15},{"text":"provide","start":1861.55,"end":1862.11},{"text":"an","start":1862.23,"end":1862.35},{"text":"opportunity","start":1862.35,"end":1863.07},{"text":"to","start":1863.07,"end":1863.23},{"text":"strengthen","start":1863.23,"end":1863.67},{"text":"this","start":1863.67,"end":1863.87},{"text":"effort","start":1863.87,"end":1864.35},{"text":"through","start":1864.75,"end":1865.15},{"text":"international","start":1865.15,"end":1866.11},{"text":"cooperation","start":1866.19,"end":1866.91},{"text":"and","start":1867.43,"end":1867.63},{"text":"multicultural","start":1867.63,"end":1868.51},{"text":"action.","start":1868.51,"end":1868.83}]},{"text":"But at the same time, the threat is evolving.","start":1869.79,"end":1872.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1869.79,"end":1869.95},{"text":"at","start":1869.95,"end":1870.03},{"text":"the","start":1870.03,"end":1870.15},{"text":"same","start":1870.15,"end":1870.43},{"text":"time,","start":1870.43,"end":1870.91},{"text":"the","start":1871.07,"end":1871.23},{"text":"threat","start":1871.23,"end":1871.55},{"text":"is","start":1871.63,"end":1871.79},{"text":"evolving.","start":1871.79,"end":1872.35}]},{"text":"Technology is transforming both the illicit market and the tools available to fight it.","start":1873.07,"end":1879.63,"topics":[{"key":"technology-documentation","label":"Technology, Documentation, and Inventories","description":"Several speakers stressed the importance of provenance research, inventories, interoperable databases, digital monitoring tools, AI, and virtual platforms. These tools were presented as critical for prevention, identification of stolen objects, monitoring markets, and supporting recovery efforts."},{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property","description":"Speakers repeatedly focused on looting, illicit excavation, theft, and the cross-border trade in cultural objects as a major threat to heritage in both peace and conflict. The discussion stressed its cultural, social, and economic consequences and the need to disrupt trafficking networks."}],"words":[{"text":"Technology","start":1873.07,"end":1873.59},{"text":"is","start":1873.59,"end":1873.87},{"text":"transforming","start":1873.87,"end":1874.63},{"text":"both","start":1874.63,"end":1875.15},{"text":"the","start":1875.23,"end":1875.35},{"text":"illicit","start":1875.35,"end":1875.87},{"text":"market","start":1875.87,"end":1876.51},{"text":"and","start":1876.91,"end":1877.11},{"text":"the","start":1877.11,"end":1877.23},{"text":"tools","start":1877.23,"end":1877.95},{"text":"available","start":1878.35,"end":1878.99},{"text":"to","start":1879.07,"end":1879.23},{"text":"fight","start":1879.23,"end":1879.55},{"text":"it.","start":1879.55,"end":1879.63}]},{"text":"Through projects such as Anchise and Prince, ICOM is working with partners to develop technology and research-based solutions for prevention and protection.","start":1880.91,"end":1894.11,"topics":[{"key":"technology-documentation","label":"Technology, Documentation, and Inventories","description":"Several speakers stressed the importance of provenance research, inventories, interoperable databases, digital monitoring tools, AI, and virtual platforms. These tools were presented as critical for prevention, identification of stolen objects, monitoring markets, and supporting recovery efforts."},{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Through","start":1880.91,"end":1881.07},{"text":"projects","start":1881.31,"end":1881.83},{"text":"such","start":1881.83,"end":1882.11},{"text":"as","start":1882.11,"end":1882.35},{"text":"Anchise","start":1882.35,"end":1883.07},{"text":"and","start":1883.47,"end":1884.03},{"text":"Prince,","start":1884.35,"end":1884.83},{"text":"ICOM","start":1885.23,"end":1885.79},{"text":"is","start":1885.79,"end":1886.03},{"text":"working","start":1886.03,"end":1886.39},{"text":"with","start":1886.39,"end":1886.55},{"text":"partners","start":1886.55,"end":1887.15},{"text":"to","start":1887.87,"end":1887.99},{"text":"develop","start":1887.99,"end":1888.47},{"text":"technology","start":1888.83,"end":1889.55},{"text":"and","start":1889.55,"end":1889.79},{"text":"research-based","start":1889.79,"end":1890.71},{"text":"solutions","start":1890.71,"end":1891.31},{"text":"for","start":1891.71,"end":1891.95},{"text":"prevention","start":1891.95,"end":1892.67},{"text":"and","start":1893.23,"end":1893.51},{"text":"protection.","start":1893.51,"end":1894.11}]},{"text":"Professional ethics are equally important for us.","start":1895.67,"end":1899.15,"topics":[{"key":"museum-due-diligence","label":"Museum Ethics, Provenance, and Due Diligence","description":"Museums and the art market were frequently discussed in relation to provenance research, ethical responsibilities, traceability, and responsible acquisitions. Speakers highlighted updated codes of ethics, higher due diligence standards, and the role of museums in preventing and addressing illicit trafficking."}],"words":[{"text":"Professional","start":1895.67,"end":1896.27},{"text":"ethics","start":1896.27,"end":1896.91},{"text":"are","start":1897.39,"end":1897.63},{"text":"equally","start":1897.63,"end":1898.03},{"text":"important","start":1898.03,"end":1898.63},{"text":"for","start":1898.63,"end":1898.83},{"text":"us.","start":1898.83,"end":1899.15}]},{"text":"Last June, ICOM General Assembly adopted a revised code of ethics for museums.","start":1899.79,"end":1905.71,"topics":[{"key":"museum-due-diligence","label":"Museum Ethics, Provenance, and Due Diligence","description":"Museums and the art market were frequently discussed in relation to provenance research, ethical responsibilities, traceability, and responsible acquisitions. 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Speakers highlighted bilateral agreements, reciprocity, and successful repatriation cases as important models."}],"words":[{"text":"addressing","start":1906.43,"end":1906.91},{"text":"contemporary","start":1906.91,"end":1907.75},{"text":"challenges,","start":1907.75,"end":1908.43},{"text":"including","start":1908.67,"end":1909.47},{"text":"provenance,","start":1909.87,"end":1910.67},{"text":"research,","start":1911.07,"end":1911.79},{"text":"due","start":1912.27,"end":1912.39},{"text":"diligence,","start":1912.39,"end":1913.07},{"text":"security,","start":1913.31,"end":1914.19},{"text":"governance,","start":1914.59,"end":1915.39},{"text":"return,","start":1915.71,"end":1916.35},{"text":"and","start":1916.75,"end":1916.91},{"text":"restitution.","start":1916.91,"end":1917.63}]},{"text":"Effective cooperation between museums, custom, police, government, and international organization is essential.","start":1918.99,"end":1927.47,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Effective","start":1918.99,"end":1919.55},{"text":"cooperation","start":1920.11,"end":1920.91},{"text":"between","start":1921.15,"end":1921.47},{"text":"museums,","start":1921.47,"end":1922.27},{"text":"custom,","start":1922.35,"end":1922.91},{"text":"police,","start":1923.47,"end":1923.95},{"text":"government,","start":1923.95,"end":1924.63},{"text":"and","start":1924.63,"end":1924.79},{"text":"international","start":1924.79,"end":1925.47},{"text":"organization","start":1925.47,"end":1926.19},{"text":"is","start":1926.75,"end":1926.87},{"text":"essential.","start":1926.87,"end":1927.47}]},{"text":"Shared tools such the ICOM Red List, Object ID, and the Interpol ID Art application can provide a common operational framework before, during, and after emergencies.","start":1928.67,"end":1942.91,"topics":[{"key":"technology-documentation","label":"Technology, Documentation, and Inventories","description":"Several speakers stressed the importance of provenance research, inventories, interoperable databases, digital monitoring tools, AI, and virtual platforms. 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Participants noted that trafficking can finance armed or terrorist groups and therefore has implications beyond culture, including international security and the rule of law."}],"words":[{"text":"Conflict","start":2110.91,"end":2111.55},{"text":"and","start":2111.55,"end":2111.79},{"text":"instability","start":2111.79,"end":2112.59},{"text":"create","start":2112.83,"end":2113.15},{"text":"opportunities","start":2113.15,"end":2113.87},{"text":"for","start":2113.87,"end":2114.03},{"text":"looting.","start":2114.03,"end":2114.51}]},{"text":"Poverty and limited livelihoods opportunities can leave people and sites vulnerable.","start":2115.23,"end":2120.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Poverty","start":2115.23,"end":2115.87},{"text":"and","start":2115.87,"end":2116.03},{"text":"limited","start":2116.03,"end":2116.43},{"text":"livelihoods","start":2116.43,"end":2116.99},{"text":"opportunities","start":2116.99,"end":2117.71},{"text":"can","start":2117.71,"end":2117.95},{"text":"leave","start":2117.95,"end":2118.35},{"text":"people","start":2118.35,"end":2118.83},{"text":"and","start":2118.99,"end":2119.23},{"text":"sites","start":2119.23,"end":2119.71},{"text":"vulnerable.","start":2119.79,"end":2120.43}]},{"text":"Weak documentation makes stolen objects harder to identify, while gaps between heritage, customs, police, judicial authorities, and effective policies can impede effective action.","start":2121.43,"end":2133.03,"topics":[{"key":"technology-documentation","label":"Technology, Documentation, and Inventories","description":"Several speakers stressed the importance of provenance research, inventories, interoperable databases, digital monitoring tools, AI, and virtual platforms. These tools were presented as critical for prevention, identification of stolen objects, monitoring markets, and supporting recovery efforts."},{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Weak","start":2121.43,"end":2121.75},{"text":"documentation","start":2121.75,"end":2122.63},{"text":"makes","start":2122.63,"end":2123.07},{"text":"stolen","start":2123.07,"end":2123.43},{"text":"objects","start":2123.43,"end":2123.99},{"text":"harder","start":2124.15,"end":2124.55},{"text":"to","start":2124.55,"end":2124.67},{"text":"identify,","start":2124.67,"end":2125.35},{"text":"while","start":2125.75,"end":2126.07},{"text":"gaps","start":2126.07,"end":2126.47},{"text":"between","start":2126.47,"end":2126.83},{"text":"heritage,","start":2126.83,"end":2127.43},{"text":"customs,","start":2127.51,"end":2128.15},{"text":"police,","start":2128.15,"end":2128.55},{"text":"judicial","start":2128.55,"end":2129.03},{"text":"authorities,","start":2129.03,"end":2129.75},{"text":"and","start":2129.91,"end":2130.11},{"text":"effective","start":2130.11,"end":2130.63},{"text":"policies","start":2130.63,"end":2131.27},{"text":"can","start":2131.27,"end":2131.63},{"text":"impede","start":2131.63,"end":2132.15},{"text":"effective","start":2132.15,"end":2132.63},{"text":"action.","start":2132.63,"end":2133.03}]},{"text":"International demand and digital markets further enable illicit objects to move rapidly and anonymously.","start":2134.31,"end":2140.55,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property","description":"Speakers repeatedly focused on looting, illicit excavation, theft, and the cross-border trade in cultural objects as a major threat to heritage in both peace and conflict. The discussion stressed its cultural, social, and economic consequences and the need to disrupt trafficking networks."},{"key":"technology-documentation","label":"Technology, Documentation, and Inventories","description":"Several speakers stressed the importance of provenance research, inventories, interoperable databases, digital monitoring tools, AI, and virtual platforms. These tools were presented as critical for prevention, identification of stolen objects, monitoring markets, and supporting recovery efforts."}],"words":[{"text":"International","start":2134.31,"end":2134.95},{"text":"demand","start":2134.95,"end":2135.43},{"text":"and","start":2135.47,"end":2135.71},{"text":"digital","start":2135.71,"end":2136.03},{"text":"markets","start":2136.07,"end":2136.55},{"text":"further","start":2136.63,"end":2136.99},{"text":"enable","start":2136.99,"end":2137.35},{"text":"illicit","start":2137.35,"end":2137.67},{"text":"objects","start":2137.67,"end":2138.23},{"text":"to","start":2138.39,"end":2138.51},{"text":"move","start":2138.55,"end":2138.95},{"text":"rapidly","start":2138.95,"end":2139.51},{"text":"and","start":2139.59,"end":2139.83},{"text":"anonymously.","start":2139.83,"end":2140.55}]},{"text":"This points to three strategic shifts.","start":2141.59,"end":2143.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2141.59,"end":2141.91},{"text":"points","start":2141.91,"end":2142.23},{"text":"to","start":2142.23,"end":2142.51},{"text":"three","start":2142.51,"end":2142.71},{"text":"strategic","start":2142.71,"end":2143.15},{"text":"shifts.","start":2143.15,"end":2143.55}]},{"text":"First, we must move from recovery to prevention.","start":2143.99,"end":2147.59,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property","description":"Speakers repeatedly focused on looting, illicit excavation, theft, and the cross-border trade in cultural objects as a major threat to heritage in both peace and conflict. The discussion stressed its cultural, social, and economic consequences and the need to disrupt trafficking networks."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":2143.99,"end":2144.47},{"text":"we","start":2145.03,"end":2145.23},{"text":"must","start":2145.23,"end":2145.67},{"text":"move","start":2145.67,"end":2145.95},{"text":"from","start":2145.95,"end":2146.15},{"text":"recovery","start":2146.15,"end":2146.63},{"text":"to","start":2146.63,"end":2146.79},{"text":"prevention.","start":2146.79,"end":2147.59}]},{"text":"Success cannot be measured only by the number of objects recovered.","start":2147.95,"end":2151.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Success","start":2147.95,"end":2148.51},{"text":"cannot","start":2148.51,"end":2148.87},{"text":"be","start":2148.87,"end":2148.95},{"text":"measured","start":2148.95,"end":2149.51},{"text":"only","start":2149.51,"end":2149.87},{"text":"by","start":2149.87,"end":2150.03},{"text":"the","start":2150.03,"end":2150.15},{"text":"number","start":2150.15,"end":2150.51},{"text":"of","start":2150.51,"end":2150.59},{"text":"objects","start":2150.59,"end":2151.07},{"text":"recovered.","start":2151.15,"end":2151.87}]},{"text":"It must also be measured by how many are never looted, how many sites remain intact, and how many communities are equipped to safeguard and benefit from their heritage.","start":2152.59,"end":2163.31,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property","description":"Speakers repeatedly focused on looting, illicit excavation, theft, and the cross-border trade in cultural objects as a major threat to heritage in both peace and conflict. 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These tools were presented as critical for prevention, identification of stolen objects, monitoring markets, and supporting recovery efforts."},{"key":"museum-due-diligence","label":"Museum Ethics, Provenance, and Due Diligence","description":"Museums and the art market were frequently discussed in relation to provenance research, ethical responsibilities, traceability, and responsible acquisitions. Speakers highlighted updated codes of ethics, higher due diligence standards, and the role of museums in preventing and addressing illicit trafficking."},{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property","description":"Speakers repeatedly focused on looting, illicit excavation, theft, and the cross-border trade in cultural objects as a major threat to heritage in both peace and conflict. The discussion stressed its cultural, social, and economic consequences and the need to disrupt trafficking networks."}],"words":[{"text":"Prevention","start":2164.35,"end":2164.99},{"text":"requires","start":2164.99,"end":2165.43},{"text":"documentation,","start":2165.43,"end":2166.19},{"text":"inventories,","start":2166.19,"end":2166.91},{"text":"risk","start":2167.15,"end":2167.43},{"text":"preparedness,","start":2167.43,"end":2168.11},{"text":"and","start":2168.35,"end":2168.47},{"text":"responsible","start":2168.47,"end":2169.11},{"text":"market","start":2169.11,"end":2169.47},{"text":"practices,","start":2169.47,"end":2170.19},{"text":"but","start":2170.35,"end":2170.59},{"text":"also","start":2170.59,"end":2170.91},{"text":"education,","start":2170.99,"end":2171.71},{"text":"community","start":2171.95,"end":2172.43},{"text":"participation,","start":2172.43,"end":2173.31},{"text":"ethical","start":2173.67,"end":2174.07},{"text":"stewardship,","start":2174.07,"end":2174.75},{"text":"and","start":2174.83,"end":2175.07},{"text":"sustainable","start":2175.07,"end":2175.79},{"text":"livelihoods.","start":2175.79,"end":2176.51}]},{"text":"we must address not only the routes through which objects are trafficked, but also the conditions that make heritage very vulnerable in the first place.","start":2176.83,"end":2186.75,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property","description":"Speakers repeatedly focused on looting, illicit excavation, theft, and the cross-border trade in cultural objects as a major threat to heritage in both peace and conflict. The discussion stressed its cultural, social, and economic consequences and the need to disrupt trafficking networks."}],"words":[{"text":"we","start":2176.83,"end":2177.03},{"text":"must","start":2177.03,"end":2177.47},{"text":"address","start":2177.47,"end":2177.87},{"text":"not","start":2177.87,"end":2178.11},{"text":"only","start":2178.11,"end":2178.35},{"text":"the","start":2178.35,"end":2178.47},{"text":"routes","start":2178.47,"end":2178.99},{"text":"through","start":2179.23,"end":2179.35},{"text":"which","start":2179.35,"end":2179.71},{"text":"objects","start":2179.79,"end":2180.27},{"text":"are","start":2180.27,"end":2180.51},{"text":"trafficked,","start":2180.51,"end":2181.31},{"text":"but","start":2181.63,"end":2181.87},{"text":"also","start":2181.87,"end":2182.15},{"text":"the","start":2182.15,"end":2182.31},{"text":"conditions","start":2182.31,"end":2183.07},{"text":"that","start":2183.07,"end":2183.23},{"text":"make","start":2183.23,"end":2183.47},{"text":"heritage","start":2183.47,"end":2183.95},{"text":"very","start":2184.59,"end":2184.91},{"text":"vulnerable","start":2184.91,"end":2185.47},{"text":"in","start":2185.71,"end":2185.87},{"text":"the","start":2185.87,"end":2185.95},{"text":"first","start":2185.95,"end":2186.31},{"text":"place.","start":2186.31,"end":2186.75}]},{"text":"Second, we must move from fragmented individual actions towards integrated programs, giving a concrete and tangible meanings to international development cooperation.","start":2187.15,"end":2198.91,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":2187.15,"end":2187.55},{"text":"we","start":2188.11,"end":2188.27},{"text":"must","start":2188.27,"end":2188.67},{"text":"move","start":2188.67,"end":2189.07},{"text":"from","start":2189.07,"end":2189.39},{"text":"fragmented","start":2189.39,"end":2190.03},{"text":"individual","start":2190.03,"end":2190.51},{"text":"actions","start":2190.51,"end":2191.07},{"text":"towards","start":2191.39,"end":2191.79},{"text":"integrated","start":2191.87,"end":2192.51},{"text":"programs,","start":2192.51,"end":2193.23},{"text":"giving","start":2193.55,"end":2193.87},{"text":"a","start":2193.87,"end":2193.91},{"text":"concrete","start":2193.91,"end":2194.51},{"text":"and","start":2194.59,"end":2194.87},{"text":"tangible","start":2194.87,"end":2195.31},{"text":"meanings","start":2195.31,"end":2195.95},{"text":"to","start":2196.43,"end":2196.63},{"text":"international","start":2196.63,"end":2197.47},{"text":"development","start":2197.47,"end":2197.95},{"text":"cooperation.","start":2197.95,"end":2198.91}]},{"text":"The 2024 UN General Assembly Resolution 79/133, spearheaded by Greece, calls for stronger synergies and collaboration with ICCROM and other international organizations.","start":2199.23,"end":2211.35,"topics":[{"key":"legal-frameworks","label":"International Legal Frameworks","description":"The debate repeatedly referred to legal instruments such as the 1970 UNESCO Convention, the 1954 Hague Convention, UN General Assembly resolutions, and related treaties. 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Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"International","start":2216.15,"end":2216.95},{"text":"cooperation","start":2216.95,"end":2217.63},{"text":"must","start":2217.63,"end":2218.03},{"text":"therefore","start":2218.03,"end":2218.39},{"text":"be","start":2218.39,"end":2218.55},{"text":"operational","start":2218.55,"end":2219.35},{"text":"and","start":2219.43,"end":2219.59},{"text":"practical.","start":2219.59,"end":2220.39}]},{"text":"Heritage professionals, police, customs, and judicial authorities researchers, technology specialists, and policymakers and communities must work together across borders, embracing a system thinking and a system acting approach.","start":2220.63,"end":2235.63,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Heritage","start":2220.63,"end":2221.11},{"text":"professionals,","start":2221.11,"end":2221.83},{"text":"police,","start":2221.83,"end":2222.31},{"text":"customs,","start":2222.31,"end":2222.87},{"text":"and","start":2222.87,"end":2222.99},{"text":"judicial","start":2222.99,"end":2223.51},{"text":"authorities","start":2223.51,"end":2224.07},{"text":"researchers,","start":2224.75,"end":2225.47},{"text":"technology","start":2225.47,"end":2226.11},{"text":"specialists,","start":2226.11,"end":2226.83},{"text":"and","start":2226.99,"end":2227.31},{"text":"policymakers","start":2227.31,"end":2228.35},{"text":"and","start":2228.51,"end":2228.75},{"text":"communities","start":2228.75,"end":2229.39},{"text":"must","start":2229.55,"end":2230.11},{"text":"work","start":2230.11,"end":2230.39},{"text":"together","start":2230.39,"end":2230.91},{"text":"across","start":2231.15,"end":2231.71},{"text":"borders,","start":2231.71,"end":2232.27},{"text":"embracing","start":2232.27,"end":2232.91},{"text":"a","start":2232.91,"end":2232.95},{"text":"system","start":2232.95,"end":2233.47},{"text":"thinking","start":2233.47,"end":2234.03},{"text":"and","start":2234.03,"end":2234.23},{"text":"a","start":2234.23,"end":2234.27},{"text":"system","start":2234.27,"end":2234.67},{"text":"acting","start":2234.67,"end":2235.07},{"text":"approach.","start":2235.07,"end":2235.63}]},{"text":"Third, we must recognize cultural diplomacy as an essential part of the solution.","start":2236.75,"end":2242.91,"topics":[{"key":"cultural-diplomacy","label":"Cultural Diplomacy","description":"Speakers described cultural diplomacy as a way to turn sensitive heritage disputes into opportunities for dialogue and trust-building. 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this is where ICROM can make a distinctive contribution.","start":2263.31,"end":2266.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2263.31,"end":2263.51},{"text":"this","start":2263.51,"end":2263.67},{"text":"is","start":2263.67,"end":2263.79},{"text":"where","start":2263.79,"end":2263.95},{"text":"ICROM","start":2263.95,"end":2264.91},{"text":"can","start":2264.91,"end":2265.03},{"text":"make","start":2265.07,"end":2265.27},{"text":"a","start":2265.27,"end":2265.31},{"text":"distinctive","start":2265.31,"end":2265.91},{"text":"contribution.","start":2265.91,"end":2266.79}]},{"text":"As we mark 70 years since INCOM creation in 1956, our mandate is more relevant than ever.","start":2267.19,"end":2274.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":2267.19,"end":2267.47},{"text":"we","start":2267.47,"end":2267.59},{"text":"mark","start":2267.59,"end":2267.99},{"text":"70","start":2267.99,"end":2268.71},{"text":"years","start":2268.71,"end":2269.11},{"text":"since","start":2269.11,"end":2269.51},{"text":"INCOM","start":2269.51,"end":2269.99},{"text":"creation","start":2269.99,"end":2270.43},{"text":"in","start":2270.43,"end":2270.51},{"text":"1956,","start":2270.51,"end":2271.59},{"text":"our","start":2271.91,"end":2272.23},{"text":"mandate","start":2272.23,"end":2272.87},{"text":"is","start":2272.95,"end":2273.11},{"text":"more","start":2273.11,"end":2273.39},{"text":"relevant","start":2273.39,"end":2273.79},{"text":"than","start":2273.79,"end":2273.99},{"text":"ever.","start":2273.99,"end":2274.35}]},{"text":"Our strategic plan 2026-2031 express our commitment through our care vision to conserve heritage in all its forms, activate its potential for 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the Director General of ICOM, my vision is very clear: to place transformative capacity building at the center of our vision, strategies, and 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together, people, institutions, and the political and social 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is the vision underpinning ICROM's strategic plan, 2026-2031.","start":2345.07,"end":2349.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2345.07,"end":2345.39},{"text":"is","start":2345.39,"end":2345.55},{"text":"the","start":2345.55,"end":2345.63},{"text":"vision","start":2345.63,"end":2345.91},{"text":"underpinning","start":2345.91,"end":2346.55},{"text":"ICROM's","start":2346.55,"end":2347.75},{"text":"strategic","start":2347.75,"end":2348.11},{"text":"plan,","start":2348.11,"end":2348.27},{"text":"2026-2031.","start":2348.27,"end":2349.95}]},{"text":"No longer from mentoring individual training, but transformation of 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and gentlemen, the frameworks exist, the expertise exists.","start":2377.35,"end":2380.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ladies","start":2377.35,"end":2377.67},{"text":"and","start":2377.67,"end":2377.79},{"text":"gentlemen,","start":2377.79,"end":2378.23},{"text":"the","start":2378.23,"end":2378.31},{"text":"frameworks","start":2378.31,"end":2378.79},{"text":"exist,","start":2378.79,"end":2379.27},{"text":"the","start":2379.43,"end":2379.55},{"text":"expertise","start":2379.55,"end":2380.07},{"text":"exists.","start":2380.07,"end":2380.55}]},{"text":"What we need now is political will and more predictable and sustained investments.","start":2381.23,"end":2386.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"What","start":2381.23,"end":2381.51},{"text":"we","start":2381.51,"end":2381.63},{"text":"need","start":2381.63,"end":2381.87},{"text":"now","start":2381.87,"end":2382.15},{"text":"is","start":2382.15,"end":2382.31},{"text":"political","start":2382.31,"end":2383.03},{"text":"will","start":2383.03,"end":2383.35},{"text":"and","start":2383.51,"end":2383.71},{"text":"more","start":2383.71,"end":2383.91},{"text":"predictable","start":2383.91,"end":2384.63},{"text":"and","start":2384.63,"end":2384.79},{"text":"sustained","start":2384.79,"end":2385.35},{"text":"investments.","start":2385.35,"end":2386.31}]},{"text":"The multilateral system must remain our paramount framework for our collective actions.","start":2386.87,"end":2392.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2386.87,"end":2387.03},{"text":"multilateral","start":2387.03,"end":2387.91},{"text":"system","start":2387.91,"end":2388.75},{"text":"must","start":2388.75,"end":2388.95},{"text":"remain","start":2388.95,"end":2389.51},{"text":"our","start":2389.75,"end":2389.91},{"text":"paramount","start":2389.99,"end":2390.47},{"text":"framework","start":2390.47,"end":2391.03},{"text":"for","start":2391.19,"end":2391.35},{"text":"our","start":2391.35,"end":2391.43},{"text":"collective","start":2391.43,"end":2391.95},{"text":"actions.","start":2391.95,"end":2392.47}]},{"text":"Let me be very clear.","start":2393.27,"end":2394.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":2393.27,"end":2393.47},{"text":"me","start":2393.47,"end":2393.67},{"text":"be","start":2393.67,"end":2393.83},{"text":"very","start":2393.83,"end":2394.19},{"text":"clear.","start":2394.19,"end":2394.63}]},{"text":"Its existence is simply not negotiable, and leaving heritage behind is not an option.","start":2395.11,"end":2400.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Its","start":2395.11,"end":2395.35},{"text":"existence","start":2395.35,"end":2396.07},{"text":"is","start":2396.07,"end":2396.19},{"text":"simply","start":2396.19,"end":2396.63},{"text":"not","start":2396.63,"end":2396.87},{"text":"negotiable,","start":2396.87,"end":2397.51},{"text":"and","start":2398.07,"end":2398.23},{"text":"leaving","start":2398.23,"end":2398.71},{"text":"heritage","start":2398.71,"end":2399.11},{"text":"behind","start":2399.11,"end":2399.59},{"text":"is","start":2399.67,"end":2399.83},{"text":"not","start":2399.83,"end":2400.03},{"text":"an","start":2400.03,"end":2400.15},{"text":"option.","start":2400.19,"end":2400.55}]},{"text":"Thank 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Greece.","start":2407.59,"end":2417.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":2407.59,"end":2407.99},{"text":"I","start":2408.07,"end":2408.23},{"text":"give","start":2408.23,"end":2408.47},{"text":"the","start":2408.47,"end":2408.63},{"text":"floor","start":2408.63,"end":2409.03},{"text":"to","start":2409.03,"end":2409.27},{"text":"Miss","start":2409.27,"end":2409.59},{"text":"Eleni","start":2409.67,"end":2410.07},{"text":"Vlachogianni,","start":2410.07,"end":2411.19},{"text":"Deputy","start":2411.43,"end":2411.99},{"text":"Director","start":2411.99,"end":2412.63},{"text":"for","start":2412.63,"end":2412.79},{"text":"the","start":2412.79,"end":2412.91},{"text":"Documentation","start":2412.91,"end":2413.83},{"text":"and","start":2413.83,"end":2413.95},{"text":"Protection","start":2413.95,"end":2414.51},{"text":"of","start":2414.51,"end":2414.63},{"text":"Cultural","start":2414.63,"end":2415.11},{"text":"Goods,","start":2415.11,"end":2415.75},{"text":"Ministry","start":2415.83,"end":2416.47},{"text":"of","start":2416.47,"end":2416.63},{"text":"Culture","start":2416.63,"end":2417.15},{"text":"of","start":2417.15,"end":2417.27},{"text":"Greece.","start":2417.27,"end":2417.91}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"EPLO","group":null,"function":"Permanent Observer","affiliation_full":"EPLO"}},{"statement_number":16,"start":2421.75,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1o/k1oe85ln8d?lang=en&t=40:22","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much for giving me the floor.","start":2421.75,"end":2424.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2421.75,"end":2421.99},{"text":"you","start":2421.99,"end":2422.07},{"text":"very","start":2422.07,"end":2422.27},{"text":"much","start":2422.27,"end":2422.63},{"text":"for","start":2422.63,"end":2422.79},{"text":"giving","start":2422.79,"end":2423.07},{"text":"me","start":2423.07,"end":2423.35},{"text":"the","start":2423.43,"end":2423.51},{"text":"floor.","start":2423.51,"end":2424.07}]},{"text":"Excellencies, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, it's a great honor to be here today to present Greece's experience and that of the Hellenic Ministry of Culture in combating the theft and the illicit trafficking of cultural 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The discussion stressed its cultural, social, and economic consequences and the need to disrupt trafficking networks."}],"words":[{"text":"Excellencies,","start":2425.03,"end":2426.47},{"text":"distinguished","start":2426.63,"end":2427.43},{"text":"guests,","start":2427.43,"end":2428.07},{"text":"ladies","start":2428.07,"end":2428.55},{"text":"and","start":2428.55,"end":2428.71},{"text":"gentlemen,","start":2428.71,"end":2429.27},{"text":"it's","start":2429.91,"end":2430.15},{"text":"a","start":2430.15,"end":2430.23},{"text":"great","start":2430.23,"end":2430.63},{"text":"honor","start":2430.63,"end":2431.19},{"text":"to","start":2431.79,"end":2431.87},{"text":"be","start":2431.87,"end":2432.03},{"text":"here","start":2432.03,"end":2432.35},{"text":"today","start":2432.35,"end":2432.83},{"text":"to","start":2432.83,"end":2432.99},{"text":"present","start":2432.99,"end":2433.63},{"text":"Greece's","start":2433.71,"end":2434.51},{"text":"experience","start":2434.59,"end":2435.47},{"text":"and","start":2435.71,"end":2435.91},{"text":"that","start":2435.91,"end":2436.23},{"text":"of","start":2436.23,"end":2436.35},{"text":"the","start":2436.35,"end":2436.43},{"text":"Hellenic","start":2436.43,"end":2436.83},{"text":"Ministry","start":2436.83,"end":2437.31},{"text":"of","start":2437.31,"end":2437.39},{"text":"Culture","start":2437.39,"end":2438.11},{"text":"in","start":2438.35,"end":2438.59},{"text":"combating","start":2438.59,"end":2439.31},{"text":"the","start":2439.31,"end":2439.43},{"text":"theft","start":2439.43,"end":2439.91},{"text":"and","start":2439.91,"end":2440.03},{"text":"the","start":2440.03,"end":2440.15},{"text":"illicit","start":2440.27,"end":2440.79},{"text":"trafficking","start":2440.79,"end":2441.31},{"text":"of","start":2441.31,"end":2441.47},{"text":"cultural","start":2441.47,"end":2441.87},{"text":"property.","start":2441.87,"end":2442.43}]},{"text":"The illicit trafficking of cultural property is a longstanding threat, an international and constantly evolving phenomenon with serious cultural, social, and economic consequences.","start":2443.23,"end":2456.75,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property","description":"Speakers repeatedly focused on looting, illicit excavation, theft, and the cross-border trade in cultural objects as a major threat to heritage in both peace and conflict. 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The discussion stressed its cultural, social, and economic consequences and the need to disrupt trafficking networks."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2534.11,"end":2534.27},{"text":"establishes","start":2534.27,"end":2535.07},{"text":"principles","start":2535.07,"end":2535.91},{"text":"and","start":2535.91,"end":2536.07},{"text":"rules","start":2536.07,"end":2536.43},{"text":"for","start":2536.43,"end":2536.67},{"text":"combating","start":2536.67,"end":2537.19},{"text":"the","start":2537.19,"end":2537.27},{"text":"illicit","start":2537.27,"end":2537.67},{"text":"trafficking","start":2537.67,"end":2538.19},{"text":"of","start":2538.19,"end":2538.35},{"text":"cultural","start":2538.35,"end":2538.83},{"text":"property,","start":2538.83,"end":2539.39},{"text":"while","start":2539.71,"end":2540.83},{"text":"encouraging","start":2541.79,"end":2542.51},{"text":"states","start":2542.51,"end":2543.07},{"text":"to","start":2543.07,"end":2543.19},{"text":"develop","start":2543.23,"end":2543.71},{"text":"mechanisms","start":2543.71,"end":2544.51},{"text":"for","start":2544.51,"end":2544.75},{"text":"cooperation","start":2544.75,"end":2545.63},{"text":"through","start":2545.79,"end":2546.07},{"text":"bilateral","start":2546.07,"end":2546.91},{"text":"and","start":2546.91,"end":2547.31},{"text":"multilateral","start":2547.55,"end":2548.75},{"text":"agreements.","start":2548.75,"end":2549.47}]},{"text":"Experience has shown that such agreements are not merely institutional instruments.","start":2551.55,"end":2557.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Experience","start":2551.55,"end":2552.51},{"text":"has","start":2552.51,"end":2552.67},{"text":"shown","start":2552.67,"end":2553.15},{"text":"that","start":2553.15,"end":2553.39},{"text":"such","start":2553.47,"end":2553.83},{"text":"agreements","start":2553.83,"end":2554.59},{"text":"are","start":2554.59,"end":2554.75},{"text":"not","start":2554.75,"end":2555.07},{"text":"merely","start":2555.07,"end":2555.63},{"text":"institutional","start":2555.63,"end":2556.59},{"text":"instruments.","start":2556.59,"end":2557.47}]},{"text":"They create channels of direct communication between competent authorities and can substantially facilitate the identification, seizure, and return of cultural property.","start":2557.91,"end":2570.23,"topics":[{"key":"return-restitution","label":"Return and Restitution","description":"Many statements addressed the return of cultural property to countries of origin and the practical and political conditions that make restitution possible. 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Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":2557.91,"end":2557.99},{"text":"create","start":2557.99,"end":2558.55},{"text":"channels","start":2558.55,"end":2559.23},{"text":"of","start":2559.23,"end":2559.35},{"text":"direct","start":2559.35,"end":2559.95},{"text":"communication","start":2559.95,"end":2560.79},{"text":"between","start":2560.79,"end":2561.27},{"text":"competent","start":2561.35,"end":2562.07},{"text":"authorities","start":2562.07,"end":2562.95},{"text":"and","start":2562.95,"end":2563.19},{"text":"can","start":2563.19,"end":2563.51},{"text":"substantially","start":2563.51,"end":2565.15},{"text":"facilitate","start":2565.15,"end":2565.83},{"text":"the","start":2565.83,"end":2565.95},{"text":"identification,","start":2565.95,"end":2567.19},{"text":"seizure,","start":2567.27,"end":2568.07},{"text":"and","start":2568.07,"end":2568.23},{"text":"return","start":2568.23,"end":2568.87},{"text":"of","start":2568.95,"end":2569.19},{"text":"cultural","start":2569.19,"end":2569.67},{"text":"property.","start":2569.67,"end":2570.23}]},{"text":"Greece has made effective use of this framework with significant results.","start":2573.19,"end":2578.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Greece","start":2573.19,"end":2573.83},{"text":"has","start":2573.83,"end":2574.07},{"text":"made","start":2574.07,"end":2574.47},{"text":"effective","start":2574.47,"end":2575.11},{"text":"use","start":2575.11,"end":2575.43},{"text":"of","start":2575.43,"end":2575.59},{"text":"this","start":2575.59,"end":2575.83},{"text":"framework","start":2575.83,"end":2576.55},{"text":"with","start":2576.63,"end":2576.95},{"text":"significant","start":2576.95,"end":2577.71},{"text":"results.","start":2577.71,"end":2578.47}]},{"text":"Dozen of antiquities have been returned to Greece through the implementation of such agreements with the largest number originated from the US.","start":2579.11,"end":2589.51,"topics":[{"key":"return-restitution","label":"Return and Restitution","description":"Many statements addressed the return of cultural property to countries of origin and the practical and political conditions that make restitution possible. Speakers highlighted bilateral agreements, reciprocity, and successful repatriation cases as important models."}],"words":[{"text":"Dozen","start":2579.11,"end":2579.51},{"text":"of","start":2579.51,"end":2579.71},{"text":"antiquities","start":2579.71,"end":2580.55},{"text":"have","start":2580.71,"end":2580.91},{"text":"been","start":2580.91,"end":2581.11},{"text":"returned","start":2581.11,"end":2581.63},{"text":"to","start":2581.63,"end":2581.75},{"text":"Greece","start":2581.75,"end":2582.23},{"text":"through","start":2582.47,"end":2582.87},{"text":"the","start":2582.87,"end":2583.03},{"text":"implementation","start":2583.03,"end":2584.07},{"text":"of","start":2584.07,"end":2584.19},{"text":"such","start":2584.19,"end":2584.39},{"text":"agreements","start":2584.47,"end":2585.27},{"text":"with","start":2585.43,"end":2585.91},{"text":"the","start":2586.15,"end":2586.39},{"text":"largest","start":2586.39,"end":2586.99},{"text":"number","start":2586.99,"end":2587.51},{"text":"originated","start":2587.51,"end":2588.47},{"text":"from","start":2588.55,"end":2588.79},{"text":"the","start":2588.79,"end":2588.95},{"text":"US.","start":2589.03,"end":2589.51}]},{"text":"But cooperation is a two-way process.","start":2590.87,"end":2595.59,"topics":[{"key":"return-restitution","label":"Return and Restitution","description":"Many statements addressed the return of cultural property to countries of origin and the practical and political conditions that make restitution possible. 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Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":2590.87,"end":2591.27},{"text":"cooperation","start":2591.27,"end":2592.31},{"text":"is","start":2592.31,"end":2592.71},{"text":"a","start":2593.11,"end":2593.15},{"text":"two-way","start":2593.15,"end":2593.67},{"text":"process.","start":2594.63,"end":2595.59}]},{"text":"Greece has also returned to other countries antiquities that were found on its territory and had been illicitly trafficked.","start":2597.83,"end":2606.47,"topics":[{"key":"return-restitution","label":"Return and Restitution","description":"Many statements addressed the return of cultural property to countries of origin and the practical and political conditions that make restitution possible. Speakers highlighted bilateral agreements, reciprocity, and successful repatriation cases as important models."},{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property","description":"Speakers repeatedly focused on looting, illicit excavation, theft, and the cross-border trade in cultural objects as a major threat to heritage in both peace and conflict. The discussion stressed its cultural, social, and economic consequences and the need to disrupt trafficking networks."}],"words":[{"text":"Greece","start":2597.83,"end":2598.39},{"text":"has","start":2598.39,"end":2598.63},{"text":"also","start":2598.63,"end":2599.19},{"text":"returned","start":2599.19,"end":2599.75},{"text":"to","start":2599.75,"end":2599.91},{"text":"other","start":2599.91,"end":2600.15},{"text":"countries","start":2600.15,"end":2600.79},{"text":"antiquities","start":2600.95,"end":2601.83},{"text":"that","start":2601.83,"end":2602.07},{"text":"were","start":2602.07,"end":2602.23},{"text":"found","start":2602.23,"end":2602.71},{"text":"on","start":2602.71,"end":2602.95},{"text":"its","start":2602.95,"end":2603.19},{"text":"territory","start":2603.19,"end":2603.99},{"text":"and","start":2604.15,"end":2604.39},{"text":"had","start":2604.39,"end":2604.63},{"text":"been","start":2604.63,"end":2604.95},{"text":"illicitly","start":2604.95,"end":2605.67},{"text":"trafficked.","start":2605.67,"end":2606.47}]},{"text":"In 2024, a numismatic hoard consisting of 1,055 ancient silver coins seized by custom authorities at the Evros border in northern Greece during an attempted entry into Greece was returned to Turkey.","start":2607.15,"end":2624.99,"topics":[{"key":"return-restitution","label":"Return and Restitution","description":"Many statements addressed the return of cultural property to countries of origin and the practical and political conditions that make restitution possible. 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Speakers highlighted bilateral agreements, reciprocity, and successful repatriation cases as important models."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2626.43,"end":2626.59},{"text":"2026--","start":2626.59,"end":2628.19},{"text":"sorry,","start":2630.43,"end":2630.75},{"text":"this","start":2630.75,"end":2631.15},{"text":"is","start":2631.47,"end":2631.71},{"text":"the","start":2631.71,"end":2631.83},{"text":"repatriation","start":2633.07,"end":2633.95},{"text":"of","start":2634.19,"end":2634.43},{"text":"the","start":2634.43,"end":2634.55},{"text":"coins","start":2634.99,"end":2635.47},{"text":"to","start":2635.47,"end":2635.59},{"text":"Turkey.","start":2635.59,"end":2636.11}]},{"text":"In 2026, Greece returned to Cyprus 48 Cypriot antiquities for which complete documentation of lawful circulation was not available, as well as six objects of Egyptian cultural heritage to Egypt.","start":2637.91,"end":2654.23,"topics":[{"key":"return-restitution","label":"Return and Restitution","description":"Many statements addressed the return of cultural property to countries of origin and the practical and political conditions that make restitution possible. 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Restitution and heritage cooperation were framed not only as legal processes, but also as means to strengthen bilateral relations and mutual understanding."},{"key":"return-restitution","label":"Return and Restitution","description":"Many statements addressed the return of cultural property to countries of origin and the practical and political conditions that make restitution possible. 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Speakers highlighted bilateral agreements, reciprocity, and successful repatriation cases as important models."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2782.95,"end":2783.11},{"text":"2014,","start":2783.11,"end":2784.23},{"text":"two","start":2784.55,"end":2784.79},{"text":"objects","start":2784.79,"end":2785.35},{"text":"of","start":2785.35,"end":2785.43},{"text":"Cycladic","start":2785.43,"end":2786.35},{"text":"culture","start":2786.35,"end":2786.95},{"text":"were","start":2787.03,"end":2787.31},{"text":"repatriated","start":2787.31,"end":2788.11},{"text":"from","start":2788.11,"end":2788.35},{"text":"the","start":2788.35,"end":2788.47},{"text":"State","start":2788.47,"end":2788.87},{"text":"Museum","start":2788.87,"end":2790.15},{"text":"of","start":2790.47,"end":2790.63},{"text":"Baden","start":2790.63,"end":2790.99},{"text":"in","start":2790.99,"end":2791.23},{"text":"Germany.","start":2791.23,"end":2791.83}]},{"text":"The agreement concerning their repatriation also paved the way for a number of further initiatives, including a major temporary exhibition on the Mycenaean world.","start":2792.31,"end":2803.43,"topics":[{"key":"cultural-diplomacy","label":"Cultural Diplomacy","description":"Speakers described cultural diplomacy as a way to turn sensitive heritage disputes into opportunities for dialogue and trust-building. 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The discussion stressed its cultural, social, and economic consequences and the need to disrupt trafficking networks."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3048.75,"end":3048.91},{"text":"helps","start":3048.91,"end":3049.31},{"text":"preserve","start":3049.31,"end":3050.03},{"text":"memory,","start":3050.03,"end":3050.59},{"text":"raise","start":3050.67,"end":3050.99},{"text":"awareness","start":3050.99,"end":3051.59},{"text":"of","start":3051.59,"end":3051.71},{"text":"the","start":3051.71,"end":3051.83},{"text":"problem","start":3051.83,"end":3052.35},{"text":"of","start":3052.35,"end":3052.51},{"text":"illicit","start":3052.51,"end":3052.87},{"text":"trafficking,","start":3052.87,"end":3053.47},{"text":"and","start":3053.47,"end":3053.71},{"text":"maintain","start":3053.71,"end":3054.43},{"text":"public","start":3054.59,"end":3055.15},{"text":"attention","start":3055.15,"end":3055.79},{"text":"over","start":3055.79,"end":3056.03},{"text":"time.","start":3056.03,"end":3056.51}]},{"text":"Greece participates in this initiative with a presentation of nine objects of Greek cultural heritage.","start":3057.23,"end":3064.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Greece","start":3057.23,"end":3057.63},{"text":"participates","start":3057.63,"end":3058.67},{"text":"in","start":3058.67,"end":3058.83},{"text":"this","start":3058.83,"end":3059.23},{"text":"initiative","start":3059.31,"end":3060.11},{"text":"with","start":3060.11,"end":3060.35},{"text":"a","start":3060.35,"end":3060.43},{"text":"presentation","start":3060.43,"end":3061.71},{"text":"of","start":3061.87,"end":3062.11},{"text":"nine","start":3062.11,"end":3062.67},{"text":"objects","start":3062.67,"end":3063.31},{"text":"of","start":3063.31,"end":3063.47},{"text":"Greek","start":3063.47,"end":3063.83},{"text":"cultural","start":3063.83,"end":3064.27},{"text":"heritage.","start":3064.27,"end":3064.99}]},{"text":"Similarly, the ICOM Red Lists assist in identifying categories of cultural objects that are particularly vulnerable to illicit trafficking.","start":3066.71,"end":3077.03,"topics":[{"key":"technology-documentation","label":"Technology, Documentation, and Inventories","description":"Several speakers stressed the importance of provenance research, inventories, interoperable databases, digital monitoring tools, AI, and virtual platforms. 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Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Their","start":3077.59,"end":3077.91},{"text":"usefulness","start":3077.91,"end":3078.79},{"text":"to","start":3078.95,"end":3079.03},{"text":"law","start":3079.03,"end":3079.23},{"text":"enforcement","start":3079.23,"end":3079.87},{"text":"authorities","start":3079.87,"end":3080.55},{"text":"has","start":3080.55,"end":3080.71},{"text":"already","start":3080.71,"end":3081.11},{"text":"been","start":3081.11,"end":3081.27},{"text":"recognized","start":3081.27,"end":3082.07},{"text":"and","start":3082.15,"end":3082.35},{"text":"documented","start":3082.35,"end":3083.11},{"text":"by","start":3083.35,"end":3083.87},{"text":"ICOM.","start":3083.87,"end":3084.23}]},{"text":"In March 2025, Greece launched its own national Red List.","start":3085.03,"end":3091.27,"topics":[{"key":"technology-documentation","label":"Technology, Documentation, and Inventories","description":"Several speakers stressed the importance of provenance research, inventories, interoperable databases, digital monitoring tools, AI, and virtual platforms. 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past.","start":3174.35,"end":3178.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Because","start":3174.35,"end":3174.75},{"text":"cultural","start":3174.75,"end":3175.27},{"text":"heritage","start":3175.27,"end":3175.67},{"text":"does","start":3175.67,"end":3176.11},{"text":"not","start":3176.11,"end":3176.35},{"text":"belong","start":3176.35,"end":3176.75},{"text":"only","start":3176.75,"end":3177.35},{"text":"to","start":3177.35,"end":3177.47},{"text":"the","start":3177.47,"end":3177.63},{"text":"past.","start":3177.63,"end":3178.19}]},{"text":"It's our responsibility in the present and our legacy for the future.","start":3178.83,"end":3184.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":3178.83,"end":3179.15},{"text":"our","start":3179.15,"end":3179.31},{"text":"responsibility","start":3179.31,"end":3180.55},{"text":"in","start":3180.63,"end":3180.79},{"text":"the","start":3180.79,"end":3180.95},{"text":"present","start":3180.95,"end":3181.59},{"text":"and","start":3181.83,"end":3182.11},{"text":"our","start":3182.79,"end":3183.03},{"text":"legacy","start":3183.03,"end":3183.67},{"text":"for","start":3183.67,"end":3183.99},{"text":"the","start":3183.99,"end":3184.07},{"text":"future.","start":3184.07,"end":3184.63}]},{"text":"And this responsibility requires a shared commitment to work together to preserve the past, protect the present, and pass our cultural heritage on to future 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you very much for your attention.","start":3198.79,"end":3201.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3198.79,"end":3199.03},{"text":"you","start":3199.03,"end":3199.11},{"text":"very","start":3199.11,"end":3199.31},{"text":"much","start":3199.31,"end":3199.55},{"text":"for","start":3199.55,"end":3200.15},{"text":"your","start":3200.39,"end":3200.55},{"text":"attention.","start":3200.63,"end":3201.23}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"GRC","group":null,"function":"Deputy Director for the Documentation and Protection of Cultural Goods","affiliation_full":"Greece"}},{"statement_number":17,"start":3206.07,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1o/k1oe85ln8d?lang=en&t=53:27","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I am pleased now to give the floor to Mr. Adolfo Ayuso Odri, Councillor of 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Observer","affiliation_full":"EPLO"}},{"statement_number":18,"start":3213.27,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1o/k1oe85ln8d?lang=en&t=53:34","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Very much, dear Excellencies and distinguished guests.","start":3213.27,"end":3217.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Very","start":3213.27,"end":3213.43},{"text":"much,","start":3213.43,"end":3213.99},{"text":"dear","start":3214.71,"end":3215.35},{"text":"Excellencies","start":3215.39,"end":3216.07},{"text":"and","start":3216.07,"end":3216.27},{"text":"distinguished","start":3216.27,"end":3216.83},{"text":"guests.","start":3216.83,"end":3217.43}]},{"text":"Mexico expresses its utmost gratitude for organizing this event in the middle of this busy week.","start":3219.27,"end":3224.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mexico","start":3219.27,"end":3219.71},{"text":"expresses","start":3219.71,"end":3220.23},{"text":"its","start":3220.23,"end":3220.63},{"text":"utmost","start":3220.63,"end":3221.07},{"text":"gratitude","start":3221.07,"end":3221.75},{"text":"for","start":3221.75,"end":3221.95},{"text":"organizing","start":3221.95,"end":3222.47},{"text":"this","start":3222.47,"end":3222.63},{"text":"event","start":3222.63,"end":3222.95},{"text":"in","start":3222.95,"end":3223.07},{"text":"the","start":3223.07,"end":3223.19},{"text":"middle","start":3223.19,"end":3223.51},{"text":"of","start":3223.51,"end":3223.59},{"text":"this","start":3223.59,"end":3223.83},{"text":"busy","start":3223.83,"end":3224.15},{"text":"week.","start":3224.15,"end":3224.55}]},{"text":"And also thank you for this wonderful presentation.","start":3225.19,"end":3228.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3225.19,"end":3225.35},{"text":"also","start":3225.35,"end":3225.59},{"text":"thank","start":3225.59,"end":3225.79},{"text":"you","start":3225.79,"end":3225.87},{"text":"for","start":3225.87,"end":3225.99},{"text":"this","start":3225.99,"end":3226.23},{"text":"wonderful","start":3226.23,"end":3226.71},{"text":"presentation.","start":3226.87,"end":3228.15}]},{"text":"Madam Minister, I see that you have been very busy, you appear in almost all the pictures, congratulations.","start":3228.31,"end":3233.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":3228.31,"end":3228.59},{"text":"Minister,","start":3228.59,"end":3229.03},{"text":"I","start":3229.03,"end":3229.19},{"text":"see","start":3229.19,"end":3229.43},{"text":"that","start":3229.43,"end":3229.75},{"text":"you","start":3229.75,"end":3229.95},{"text":"have","start":3229.95,"end":3230.07},{"text":"been","start":3230.07,"end":3230.19},{"text":"very","start":3230.19,"end":3230.39},{"text":"busy,","start":3230.39,"end":3230.71},{"text":"you","start":3230.71,"end":3230.83},{"text":"appear","start":3230.83,"end":3231.15},{"text":"in","start":3231.15,"end":3231.27},{"text":"almost","start":3231.27,"end":3231.59},{"text":"all","start":3231.59,"end":3231.67},{"text":"the","start":3231.67,"end":3231.75},{"text":"pictures,","start":3231.75,"end":3232.31},{"text":"congratulations.","start":3232.31,"end":3233.15}]},{"text":"We also would like to reaffirm our commitment to protecting cultural heritage in the face of serious threats from theft, looting, illicit trafficking, and armed conflict.","start":3235.51,"end":3244.31,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property","description":"Speakers repeatedly focused on looting, illicit excavation, theft, and the cross-border trade in cultural objects as a major threat to heritage in both peace and conflict. 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Participants noted that trafficking can finance armed or terrorist groups and therefore has implications beyond culture, including international security and the rule of law."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3235.51,"end":3235.75},{"text":"also","start":3235.75,"end":3235.95},{"text":"would","start":3235.95,"end":3236.07},{"text":"like","start":3236.07,"end":3236.23},{"text":"to","start":3236.23,"end":3236.39},{"text":"reaffirm","start":3236.39,"end":3237.19},{"text":"our","start":3237.27,"end":3237.59},{"text":"commitment","start":3237.59,"end":3238.11},{"text":"to","start":3238.11,"end":3238.19},{"text":"protecting","start":3238.19,"end":3238.59},{"text":"cultural","start":3238.59,"end":3238.95},{"text":"heritage","start":3238.95,"end":3239.43},{"text":"in","start":3239.43,"end":3239.55},{"text":"the","start":3239.55,"end":3239.63},{"text":"face","start":3239.63,"end":3239.99},{"text":"of","start":3239.99,"end":3240.07},{"text":"serious","start":3240.07,"end":3240.55},{"text":"threats","start":3240.55,"end":3241.19},{"text":"from","start":3241.19,"end":3241.51},{"text":"theft,","start":3241.51,"end":3241.91},{"text":"looting,","start":3241.91,"end":3242.23},{"text":"illicit","start":3242.23,"end":3242.51},{"text":"trafficking,","start":3242.51,"end":3243.03},{"text":"and","start":3243.03,"end":3243.15},{"text":"armed","start":3243.19,"end":3243.39},{"text":"conflict.","start":3243.39,"end":3244.31}]},{"text":"Mexico remains firmly committed to the effective application of the 1970 UNESCO Convention and continues to advance multilateral efforts to strengthen the normative regime of cultural restitution.","start":3245.19,"end":3256.39,"topics":[{"key":"legal-frameworks","label":"International Legal Frameworks","description":"The debate repeatedly referred to legal instruments such as the 1970 UNESCO Convention, the 1954 Hague Convention, UN General Assembly resolutions, and related treaties. 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Speakers highlighted bilateral agreements, reciprocity, and successful repatriation cases as important models."}],"words":[{"text":"Mexico","start":3245.19,"end":3245.55},{"text":"remains","start":3245.55,"end":3246.07},{"text":"firmly","start":3246.07,"end":3246.39},{"text":"committed","start":3246.39,"end":3246.75},{"text":"to","start":3246.75,"end":3246.87},{"text":"the","start":3246.87,"end":3246.99},{"text":"effective","start":3246.99,"end":3247.31},{"text":"application","start":3247.31,"end":3247.87},{"text":"of","start":3247.87,"end":3247.95},{"text":"the","start":3247.95,"end":3248.03},{"text":"1970","start":3248.03,"end":3248.91},{"text":"UNESCO","start":3248.95,"end":3249.51},{"text":"Convention","start":3249.51,"end":3250.15},{"text":"and","start":3251.03,"end":3251.31},{"text":"continues","start":3251.31,"end":3251.71},{"text":"to","start":3251.71,"end":3251.79},{"text":"advance","start":3251.79,"end":3252.07},{"text":"multilateral","start":3252.07,"end":3252.71},{"text":"efforts","start":3252.71,"end":3253.11},{"text":"to","start":3253.11,"end":3253.27},{"text":"strengthen","start":3253.27,"end":3253.71},{"text":"the","start":3253.71,"end":3253.79},{"text":"normative","start":3253.79,"end":3254.23},{"text":"regime","start":3254.23,"end":3254.71},{"text":"of","start":3254.99,"end":3255.11},{"text":"cultural","start":3255.11,"end":3255.51},{"text":"restitution.","start":3255.51,"end":3256.39}]},{"text":"We also underlined the need for higher standards of due diligence and traceability of cultural property and welcomed this side event with Greece and Italy, which are of course fellow state parties of the Council of Europe Convention on Offences Relating to Cultural Property, also known as the Nicosia Convention.","start":3257.63,"end":3277.71,"topics":[{"key":"museum-due-diligence","label":"Museum Ethics, Provenance, and Due Diligence","description":"Museums and the art market were frequently discussed in relation to provenance research, ethical responsibilities, traceability, and responsible acquisitions. 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Mexican Nobel laureate Octavio Paz so insightfully observed, the history of a country is the history of a human being seeking his 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Mexico's heritage requires linking traditional cultural property regulations with the broader international legal framework.","start":3307.39,"end":3315.71,"topics":[{"key":"legal-frameworks","label":"International Legal Frameworks","description":"The debate repeatedly referred to legal instruments such as the 1970 UNESCO Convention, the 1954 Hague Convention, UN General Assembly resolutions, and related treaties. 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These frameworks were presented as essential foundations for prevention, seizure, recovery, and interstate cooperation."}],"words":[{"text":"Instruments","start":3316.67,"end":3317.47},{"text":"such","start":3317.47,"end":3317.63},{"text":"as","start":3317.63,"end":3317.71},{"text":"the","start":3317.71,"end":3317.83},{"text":"2000","start":3317.83,"end":3318.47},{"text":"UN","start":3318.47,"end":3318.67},{"text":"Convention","start":3318.67,"end":3319.23},{"text":"against","start":3319.23,"end":3319.51},{"text":"Transnational","start":3319.51,"end":3320.11},{"text":"Organized","start":3320.11,"end":3320.51},{"text":"Crime","start":3320.51,"end":3320.99},{"text":"offer","start":3321.55,"end":3321.79},{"text":"valuable","start":3321.79,"end":3322.35},{"text":"additional","start":3322.35,"end":3322.79},{"text":"tools","start":3322.79,"end":3323.31},{"text":"to","start":3323.31,"end":3323.43},{"text":"combat","start":3323.43,"end":3323.79},{"text":"illicit","start":3323.79,"end":3324.15},{"text":"trafficking,","start":3324.15,"end":3324.83},{"text":"including","start":3325.31,"end":3325.95},{"text":"complex","start":3325.95,"end":3326.59},{"text":"challenges","start":3326.59,"end":3327.39},{"text":"like","start":3327.55,"end":3327.75},{"text":"clandestine","start":3327.75,"end":3328.35},{"text":"excavations","start":3328.35,"end":3329.31},{"text":"of","start":3329.55,"end":3329.79},{"text":"pre-Hispanic","start":3329.79,"end":3330.59},{"text":"pieces.","start":3330.59,"end":3331.15}]},{"text":"Restitution of cultural property remains a top priority under President Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo.","start":3332.71,"end":3338.63,"topics":[{"key":"return-restitution","label":"Return and Restitution","description":"Many statements addressed the return of cultural property to countries of origin and the practical and political conditions that make restitution possible. Speakers highlighted bilateral agreements, reciprocity, and successful repatriation cases as important models."}],"words":[{"text":"Restitution","start":3332.71,"end":3333.31},{"text":"of","start":3333.31,"end":3333.43},{"text":"cultural","start":3333.43,"end":3333.75},{"text":"property","start":3333.75,"end":3334.15},{"text":"remains","start":3334.15,"end":3334.63},{"text":"a","start":3334.79,"end":3334.83},{"text":"top","start":3334.83,"end":3335.27},{"text":"priority","start":3335.27,"end":3335.99},{"text":"under","start":3336.31,"end":3336.63},{"text":"President","start":3336.63,"end":3337.15},{"text":"Claudia","start":3337.15,"end":3337.51},{"text":"Sheinbaum","start":3337.51,"end":3338.07},{"text":"Pardo.","start":3338.07,"end":3338.63}]},{"text":"Continuing the efforts initiated in 2018, Mexico has recovered nearly 18,000 cultural objects, with several thousands returned since she took office in late 2024.","start":3339.51,"end":3352.07,"topics":[{"key":"return-restitution","label":"Return and Restitution","description":"Many statements addressed the return of cultural property to countries of origin and the practical and political conditions that make restitution possible. 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Speakers highlighted updated codes of ethics, higher due diligence standards, and the role of museums in preventing and addressing illicit trafficking."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3353.79,"end":3353.83},{"text":"2015,","start":3353.83,"end":3354.95},{"text":"Mexico","start":3354.95,"end":3355.59},{"text":"proposed","start":3355.83,"end":3356.27},{"text":"the","start":3356.27,"end":3356.35},{"text":"recommendations","start":3356.35,"end":3357.19},{"text":"concerning","start":3357.19,"end":3357.59},{"text":"the","start":3357.59,"end":3357.71},{"text":"protection","start":3357.71,"end":3358.23},{"text":"and","start":3358.23,"end":3358.39},{"text":"promotion","start":3358.39,"end":3358.87},{"text":"of","start":3358.87,"end":3358.95},{"text":"museum","start":3358.95,"end":3359.43},{"text":"and","start":3359.43,"end":3359.59},{"text":"collections,","start":3359.59,"end":3360.23},{"text":"their","start":3360.55,"end":3360.79},{"text":"diversity","start":3360.79,"end":3361.59},{"text":"and","start":3361.59,"end":3361.75},{"text":"their","start":3361.75,"end":3361.95},{"text":"role","start":3361.95,"end":3362.23},{"text":"in","start":3362.23,"end":3362.39},{"text":"society.","start":3362.39,"end":3363.03}]},{"text":"And let me remind it's paragraph 18, which states, \"In instances where the cultural heritage of indigenous peoples is represented in museum collections, member states should take appropriate measures to encourage and facilitate dialogue and the building of constructive relationships between those museums and indigenous peoples concerning the management of those collections and where appropriate, return or restitution in accordance with applicable laws and policies.","start":3364.31,"end":3396.83,"topics":[{"key":"return-restitution","label":"Return and Restitution","description":"Many statements addressed the return of cultural property to countries of origin and the practical and political conditions that make restitution possible. 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Restitution and heritage cooperation were framed not only as legal processes, but also as means to strengthen bilateral relations and mutual understanding."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3364.31,"end":3364.47},{"text":"let","start":3364.47,"end":3364.63},{"text":"me","start":3364.63,"end":3364.95},{"text":"remind","start":3365.27,"end":3365.75},{"text":"it's","start":3365.75,"end":3365.99},{"text":"paragraph","start":3365.99,"end":3366.39},{"text":"18,","start":3366.39,"end":3367.11},{"text":"which","start":3367.23,"end":3367.59},{"text":"states,","start":3367.59,"end":3368.31},{"text":"\"In","start":3368.87,"end":3369.11},{"text":"instances","start":3369.11,"end":3369.87},{"text":"where","start":3369.87,"end":3370.07},{"text":"the","start":3370.07,"end":3370.15},{"text":"cultural","start":3370.15,"end":3370.63},{"text":"heritage","start":3370.63,"end":3371.11},{"text":"of","start":3371.11,"end":3371.27},{"text":"indigenous","start":3371.27,"end":3371.83},{"text":"peoples","start":3371.83,"end":3372.39},{"text":"is","start":3372.39,"end":3372.55},{"text":"represented","start":3372.55,"end":3373.15},{"text":"in","start":3373.15,"end":3373.23},{"text":"museum","start":3373.23,"end":3373.67},{"text":"collections,","start":3373.67,"end":3374.23},{"text":"member","start":3374.87,"end":3375.27},{"text":"states","start":3375.27,"end":3375.59},{"text":"should","start":3375.59,"end":3375.79},{"text":"take","start":3375.79,"end":3376.07},{"text":"appropriate","start":3376.07,"end":3376.63},{"text":"measures","start":3376.63,"end":3377.11},{"text":"to","start":3377.11,"end":3377.31},{"text":"encourage","start":3377.31,"end":3377.99},{"text":"and","start":3377.99,"end":3378.19},{"text":"facilitate","start":3378.19,"end":3378.71},{"text":"dialogue","start":3378.71,"end":3379.43},{"text":"and","start":3379.91,"end":3380.07},{"text":"the","start":3380.07,"end":3380.15},{"text":"building","start":3380.15,"end":3380.71},{"text":"of","start":3380.71,"end":3380.87},{"text":"constructive","start":3380.87,"end":3381.67},{"text":"relationships","start":3381.67,"end":3382.55},{"text":"between","start":3382.83,"end":3383.31},{"text":"those","start":3383.31,"end":3383.63},{"text":"museums","start":3383.63,"end":3384.35},{"text":"and","start":3384.75,"end":3384.99},{"text":"indigenous","start":3384.99,"end":3385.79},{"text":"peoples","start":3385.79,"end":3386.43},{"text":"concerning","start":3386.67,"end":3387.23},{"text":"the","start":3387.23,"end":3387.39},{"text":"management","start":3387.39,"end":3388.11},{"text":"of","start":3388.11,"end":3388.35},{"text":"those","start":3388.35,"end":3388.67},{"text":"collections","start":3388.67,"end":3389.39},{"text":"and","start":3389.79,"end":3390.07},{"text":"where","start":3390.07,"end":3390.39},{"text":"appropriate,","start":3390.39,"end":3390.99},{"text":"return","start":3391.39,"end":3392.19},{"text":"or","start":3392.67,"end":3392.95},{"text":"restitution","start":3392.95,"end":3393.79},{"text":"in","start":3394.03,"end":3394.23},{"text":"accordance","start":3394.23,"end":3394.75},{"text":"with","start":3394.75,"end":3394.99},{"text":"applicable","start":3394.99,"end":3395.79},{"text":"laws","start":3395.79,"end":3396.03},{"text":"and","start":3396.03,"end":3396.27},{"text":"policies.","start":3396.27,"end":3396.83}]},{"text":"Finally, Mexico recalls its shared history with many nations affected by colonization and the looting of cultural artifacts.","start":3398.03,"end":3406.11,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property","description":"Speakers repeatedly focused on looting, illicit excavation, theft, and the cross-border trade in cultural objects as a major threat to heritage in both peace and conflict. The discussion stressed its cultural, social, and economic consequences and the need to disrupt trafficking networks."}],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":3398.03,"end":3398.43},{"text":"Mexico","start":3398.91,"end":3399.31},{"text":"recalls","start":3399.31,"end":3399.95},{"text":"its","start":3399.95,"end":3400.27},{"text":"shared","start":3400.27,"end":3400.59},{"text":"history","start":3400.59,"end":3401.15},{"text":"with","start":3401.15,"end":3401.39},{"text":"many","start":3401.39,"end":3401.71},{"text":"nations","start":3401.71,"end":3402.19},{"text":"affected","start":3402.19,"end":3402.51},{"text":"by","start":3402.51,"end":3402.75},{"text":"colonization","start":3402.75,"end":3403.63},{"text":"and","start":3404.03,"end":3404.15},{"text":"the","start":3404.15,"end":3404.23},{"text":"looting","start":3404.23,"end":3404.67},{"text":"of","start":3404.67,"end":3404.91},{"text":"cultural","start":3404.91,"end":3405.31},{"text":"artifacts.","start":3405.31,"end":3406.11}]},{"text":"The international community must reflect on the profound impacts of illicit trafficking particularly of pieces intimately linked to the world views of Indigenous peoples, and recognize the irreparable harm caused by separating these treasures from their history, culture, and place of origin.","start":3406.51,"end":3427.15,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property","description":"Speakers repeatedly focused on looting, illicit excavation, theft, and the cross-border trade in cultural objects as a major threat to heritage in both peace and conflict. The discussion stressed its cultural, social, and economic consequences and the need to disrupt trafficking networks."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3406.51,"end":3406.63},{"text":"international","start":3406.63,"end":3407.23},{"text":"community","start":3407.23,"end":3407.71},{"text":"must","start":3407.71,"end":3407.95},{"text":"reflect","start":3407.95,"end":3408.51},{"text":"on","start":3408.75,"end":3408.87},{"text":"the","start":3408.87,"end":3408.99},{"text":"profound","start":3408.99,"end":3409.43},{"text":"impacts","start":3409.43,"end":3410.19},{"text":"of","start":3410.19,"end":3410.35},{"text":"illicit","start":3410.35,"end":3410.71},{"text":"trafficking","start":3410.71,"end":3411.31},{"text":"particularly","start":3412.07,"end":3412.63},{"text":"of","start":3412.63,"end":3412.75},{"text":"pieces","start":3412.75,"end":3413.23},{"text":"intimately","start":3413.23,"end":3413.95},{"text":"linked","start":3413.95,"end":3414.35},{"text":"to","start":3414.35,"end":3414.43},{"text":"the","start":3414.43,"end":3414.59},{"text":"world","start":3414.59,"end":3414.99},{"text":"views","start":3414.99,"end":3415.47},{"text":"of","start":3415.87,"end":3416.03},{"text":"Indigenous","start":3416.03,"end":3416.59},{"text":"peoples,","start":3416.59,"end":3417.23},{"text":"and","start":3417.79,"end":3417.95},{"text":"recognize","start":3417.95,"end":3418.75},{"text":"the","start":3418.75,"end":3418.95},{"text":"irreparable","start":3418.95,"end":3420.03},{"text":"harm","start":3420.19,"end":3420.75},{"text":"caused","start":3420.91,"end":3421.23},{"text":"by","start":3421.23,"end":3421.39},{"text":"separating","start":3421.39,"end":3422.11},{"text":"these","start":3422.27,"end":3422.67},{"text":"treasures","start":3422.67,"end":3423.31},{"text":"from","start":3423.63,"end":3423.95},{"text":"their","start":3423.95,"end":3424.19},{"text":"history,","start":3424.19,"end":3424.75},{"text":"culture,","start":3425.23,"end":3425.71},{"text":"and","start":3426.11,"end":3426.35},{"text":"place","start":3426.35,"end":3426.63},{"text":"of","start":3426.63,"end":3426.75},{"text":"origin.","start":3426.75,"end":3427.15}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":3427.39,"end":3427.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3427.39,"end":3427.63},{"text":"you.","start":3427.63,"end":3427.71}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"MEX","group":null,"function":"Councillor","affiliation_full":"Mexico"}},{"statement_number":19,"start":3433.47,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1o/k1oe85ln8d?lang=en&t=57:14","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I would like to invite Professor Spiridon Flogaidis, EPLO director, to open our Q&A session now.","start":3433.47,"end":3441.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3433.47,"end":3433.63},{"text":"would","start":3433.63,"end":3433.79},{"text":"like","start":3433.79,"end":3434.11},{"text":"to","start":3434.11,"end":3434.31},{"text":"invite","start":3434.31,"end":3434.75},{"text":"Professor","start":3434.75,"end":3435.39},{"text":"Spiridon","start":3435.55,"end":3436.11},{"text":"Flogaidis,","start":3436.11,"end":3436.63},{"text":"EPLO","start":3436.63,"end":3437.31},{"text":"director,","start":3437.31,"end":3438.03},{"text":"to","start":3438.27,"end":3438.55},{"text":"open","start":3438.55,"end":3438.91},{"text":"our","start":3438.91,"end":3439.31},{"text":"Q&A","start":3439.31,"end":3439.95},{"text":"session","start":3439.95,"end":3440.87},{"text":"now.","start":3440.87,"end":3441.23}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":3441.31,"end":3441.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3441.31,"end":3441.63},{"text":"you.","start":3441.63,"end":3441.79}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"EPLO","group":null,"function":"Permanent Observer","affiliation_full":"EPLO"}},{"statement_number":20,"start":3444.83,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1o/k1oe85ln8d?lang=en&t=57:25","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"For giving me the floor, dear Barbara.","start":3444.83,"end":3446.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":3444.83,"end":3444.99},{"text":"giving","start":3444.99,"end":3445.27},{"text":"me","start":3445.27,"end":3445.39},{"text":"the","start":3445.39,"end":3445.51},{"text":"floor,","start":3445.51,"end":3445.95},{"text":"dear","start":3446.03,"end":3446.27},{"text":"Barbara.","start":3446.27,"end":3446.83}]},{"text":"Excellencies, the ministers, I just wanted to say that EPLO is grateful to Italy and to Greece and to all other nations which are represented around this table today.","start":3447.79,"end":3462.59,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Excellencies,","start":3447.79,"end":3448.67},{"text":"the","start":3448.67,"end":3448.83},{"text":"ministers,","start":3448.83,"end":3449.47},{"text":"I","start":3449.95,"end":3450.11},{"text":"just","start":3450.83,"end":3451.19},{"text":"wanted","start":3451.23,"end":3451.55},{"text":"to","start":3451.55,"end":3451.63},{"text":"say","start":3451.63,"end":3451.87},{"text":"that","start":3451.87,"end":3452.19},{"text":"EPLO","start":3453.47,"end":3454.07},{"text":"is","start":3454.07,"end":3454.19},{"text":"grateful","start":3454.19,"end":3454.83},{"text":"to","start":3455.31,"end":3455.95},{"text":"Italy","start":3456.35,"end":3456.83},{"text":"and","start":3456.83,"end":3457.03},{"text":"to","start":3457.03,"end":3457.11},{"text":"Greece","start":3457.15,"end":3457.71},{"text":"and","start":3458.07,"end":3458.31},{"text":"to","start":3459.15,"end":3459.27},{"text":"all","start":3459.27,"end":3459.47},{"text":"other","start":3459.71,"end":3459.95},{"text":"nations","start":3459.95,"end":3460.43},{"text":"which","start":3460.43,"end":3460.67},{"text":"are","start":3460.67,"end":3460.83},{"text":"represented","start":3460.87,"end":3461.47},{"text":"around","start":3461.47,"end":3461.83},{"text":"this","start":3461.83,"end":3461.95},{"text":"table","start":3461.95,"end":3462.23},{"text":"today.","start":3462.23,"end":3462.59}]},{"text":"because EPLO is an international organization which was created on the Greek initiative, but with the pre-agreed support of Italy.","start":3463.31,"end":3479.79,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. 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I would like to say that every country which is represented here and every country member of the United Nations would give us great pleasure to join forces into this project, which is, as I said, a common project supported by the two countries, which gave, together with Cyprus, gave birth to this organization.","start":3639.11,"end":3668.03,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. 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Ghana.","start":3838.51,"end":3841.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3838.51,"end":3838.67},{"text":"was","start":3838.67,"end":3838.83},{"text":"so","start":3838.83,"end":3839.07},{"text":"interesting","start":3839.07,"end":3839.63},{"text":"because","start":3839.63,"end":3839.91},{"text":"there","start":3839.91,"end":3840.03},{"text":"was","start":3840.03,"end":3840.19},{"text":"an","start":3840.19,"end":3840.27},{"text":"event","start":3840.27,"end":3840.59},{"text":"taking","start":3840.67,"end":3840.91},{"text":"place","start":3840.91,"end":3841.15},{"text":"about","start":3841.15,"end":3841.39},{"text":"Ghana.","start":3841.39,"end":3841.87}]},{"text":"and their restitution of objects and also linked to the resolution they did about slaves.","start":3842.95,"end":3850.51,"topics":[{"key":"return-restitution","label":"Return and Restitution","description":"Many statements addressed the return of cultural property to countries of origin and the practical and political 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Professor Frugaiti said, probably I'm part of the answers rather than the question.","start":4053.91,"end":4060.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":4053.91,"end":4054.31},{"text":"as","start":4054.99,"end":4055.11},{"text":"Professor","start":4055.11,"end":4055.75},{"text":"Frugaiti","start":4055.99,"end":4056.55},{"text":"said,","start":4056.55,"end":4056.87},{"text":"probably","start":4056.87,"end":4057.43},{"text":"I'm","start":4057.95,"end":4058.15},{"text":"part","start":4058.15,"end":4058.39},{"text":"of","start":4058.39,"end":4058.55},{"text":"the","start":4058.55,"end":4058.67},{"text":"answers","start":4059.03,"end":4059.51},{"text":"rather","start":4059.51,"end":4059.83},{"text":"than","start":4059.83,"end":4059.95},{"text":"the","start":4059.95,"end":4060.03},{"text":"question.","start":4060.03,"end":4060.39}]},{"text":"But I would like to pose a question to everybody.","start":4060.39,"end":4062.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":4060.39,"end":4060.51},{"text":"I","start":4060.51,"end":4060.55},{"text":"would","start":4060.55,"end":4060.75},{"text":"like","start":4060.75,"end":4060.95},{"text":"to","start":4060.95,"end":4061.07},{"text":"pose","start":4061.07,"end":4061.27},{"text":"a","start":4061.35,"end":4061.39},{"text":"question","start":4061.39,"end":4061.75},{"text":"to","start":4061.75,"end":4061.91},{"text":"everybody.","start":4061.91,"end":4062.47}]},{"text":"From an institutional and strategic perspective, when we talk about illicit traffic, we are, I think, bypassing the concept of using money as a way to laundering.","start":4064.95,"end":4077.39,"topics":[{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property","description":"Speakers repeatedly focused on looting, illicit excavation, theft, and the cross-border trade in cultural objects as a major threat to heritage in both peace and 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was, oh, we have another question, good, or comment?","start":4183.79,"end":4187.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4183.79,"end":4183.87},{"text":"was,","start":4183.87,"end":4184.35},{"text":"oh,","start":4184.35,"end":4184.75},{"text":"we","start":4184.75,"end":4184.99},{"text":"have","start":4184.99,"end":4185.11},{"text":"another","start":4185.11,"end":4185.39},{"text":"question,","start":4185.39,"end":4185.87},{"text":"good,","start":4185.87,"end":4186.19},{"text":"or","start":4186.43,"end":4186.59},{"text":"comment?","start":4186.59,"end":4187.15}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"EPLO","group":null,"function":"Permanent Observer","affiliation_full":"EPLO"}},{"statement_number":30,"start":4188.99,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1o/k1oe85ln8d?lang=en&t=1:09:49","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Just a comment, I'm the deputy legal advisor of the Israel 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just want to mention the importance of heritage to us too, to the Israel people, as you know, Israel has a lot of history dating 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have the Romans over there, and we have the Greeks over there, and we have before the Romans, before the Greeks, the Babylonians and 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what's amazing too is I invite you all to come to Israel, to come to the Israel Museum in Jerusalem and to see an incredible museum, one of the top 10 museums in the world that if you go to the Met Museum or the British Museum, you see a lot of exhibitions that are taken from Greece and Rome, whatever, and in Israel, everything that's over there is a thing that's found over there and dated back more than 3,000 and 5,000 and 2,000, you can see all history and this subject is so important and important to us and just to thank you for this and thank you.","start":4220.55,"end":4252.59,"topics":[{"key":"museum-due-diligence","label":"Museum Ethics, Provenance, and Due Diligence","description":"Museums and the art market were frequently discussed in relation to provenance research, ethical responsibilities, traceability, and responsible acquisitions. 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maybe Francesca Maria, or our speakers, our distinguished speakers can say something more about professionals from different fields working on preservation and conservation of cultural heritage.","start":4267.83,"end":4287.35,"topics":[{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. 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are especially grateful to the distinguished speakers, as well as to the missions and institutions that co-sponsored this initiative with such enthusiasm.","start":4503.83,"end":4514.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4503.83,"end":4504.15},{"text":"are","start":4504.15,"end":4504.23},{"text":"especially","start":4504.23,"end":4504.87},{"text":"grateful","start":4504.87,"end":4505.43},{"text":"to","start":4505.43,"end":4505.51},{"text":"the","start":4505.51,"end":4505.63},{"text":"distinguished","start":4505.63,"end":4506.27},{"text":"speakers,","start":4506.27,"end":4507.03},{"text":"as","start":4507.27,"end":4507.51},{"text":"well","start":4507.51,"end":4507.75},{"text":"as","start":4507.75,"end":4507.99},{"text":"to","start":4507.99,"end":4508.07},{"text":"the","start":4508.07,"end":4508.23},{"text":"missions","start":4508.23,"end":4508.87},{"text":"and","start":4508.87,"end":4509.27},{"text":"institutions","start":4509.27,"end":4510.31},{"text":"that","start":4510.31,"end":4510.47},{"text":"co-sponsored","start":4510.47,"end":4511.51},{"text":"this","start":4511.83,"end":4512.07},{"text":"initiative","start":4512.07,"end":4512.63},{"text":"with","start":4512.63,"end":4512.87},{"text":"such","start":4512.87,"end":4513.35},{"text":"enthusiasm.","start":4513.35,"end":4514.39}]},{"text":"Thank you for your presence and for your interest.","start":4514.95,"end":4517.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4514.95,"end":4515.19},{"text":"you","start":4515.19,"end":4515.35},{"text":"for","start":4515.35,"end":4515.51},{"text":"your","start":4515.51,"end":4515.75},{"text":"presence","start":4515.75,"end":4516.31},{"text":"and","start":4516.39,"end":4516.55},{"text":"for","start":4516.55,"end":4516.71},{"text":"your","start":4516.71,"end":4516.95},{"text":"interest.","start":4516.95,"end":4517.67}]},{"text":"I wish you all a pleasant evening.","start":4517.99,"end":4520.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4517.99,"end":4518.15},{"text":"wish","start":4518.15,"end":4518.39},{"text":"you","start":4518.39,"end":4518.55},{"text":"all","start":4518.55,"end":4519.03},{"text":"a","start":4519.11,"end":4519.19},{"text":"pleasant","start":4519.19,"end":4519.91},{"text":"evening.","start":4519.91,"end":4520.47}]},{"text":"Thank 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These frameworks were presented as essential foundations for prevention, seizure, recovery, and interstate cooperation."},{"key":"cultural-diplomacy","label":"Cultural Diplomacy","description":"Speakers described cultural diplomacy as a way to turn sensitive heritage disputes into opportunities for dialogue and trust-building. Restitution and heritage cooperation were framed not only as legal processes, but also as means to strengthen bilateral relations and mutual understanding."},{"key":"return-restitution","label":"Return and Restitution","description":"Many statements addressed the return of cultural property to countries of origin and the practical and political conditions that make restitution possible. Speakers highlighted bilateral agreements, reciprocity, and successful repatriation cases as important models."},{"key":"illicit-trafficking","label":"Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property","description":"Speakers repeatedly focused on looting, illicit excavation, theft, and the cross-border trade in cultural objects as a major threat to heritage in both peace and conflict. The discussion stressed its cultural, social, and economic consequences and the need to disrupt trafficking networks."},{"key":"museum-due-diligence","label":"Museum Ethics, Provenance, and Due Diligence","description":"Museums and the art market were frequently discussed in relation to provenance research, ethical responsibilities, traceability, and responsible acquisitions. 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These tools were presented as critical for prevention, identification of stolen objects, monitoring markets, and supporting recovery efforts."},{"key":"international-cooperation","label":"International Cooperation","description":"A central theme was that no state or institution can address heritage trafficking alone. Participants emphasized coordinated action among states, UNESCO, law enforcement, customs, museums, international organizations, and other specialized actors."}]}}