{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/es/asset/k1r/k1ry0elblg?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/es/asset/k1r/k1ry0elblg.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k1r/k1ry0elblg","kaltura_id":"1_ry0elblg","title":"Outer Space: Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Legal Subcommittee, 64th session, 1086th meeting","clean_title":"Outer Space: Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Legal Subcommittee, 64th session, 1086th meeting","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1r/k1ry0elblg","date":"2025-05-13T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2025-05-13T08:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"04:23:21","category":"General Assembly","body":"General Assembly","event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":"64th session","pv_symbol":null,"pv_part":null,"slug":"asset/k1r/k1ry0elblg"},"metadata":{"summary":"Outer Space: Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Legal Subcommittee, 64th session","description":null,"categories":["Meetings & Events","General Assembly","Subsidiary organs of the General Assembly","Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space"],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":[],"corporate_name":["UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS - UNOOSA"],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[{"title":"United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs","url":"https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/copuos/lsc/2025/index.html"}]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"assemblyai-universal-3-5-pro-a5fce6ac-75cd-4315-a608-8ec460b8ab63","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":1989.898,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1r/k1ry0elblg?lang=en&t=1990","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Good morning.","start":1989.898,"end":1990.267,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":1989.898,"end":1990.01},{"text":"morning.","start":1990.01,"end":1990.267}]},{"text":"Good morning, distinguished delegates.","start":1992.587,"end":1993.86,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":1992.587,"end":1992.717},{"text":"morning,","start":1992.766,"end":1993.06},{"text":"distinguished","start":1993.158,"end":1993.501},{"text":"delegates.","start":1993.501,"end":1993.86}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Buenos días, distinguidas delegadas.","start":2006.09,"end":2007.807,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Buenos","start":2006.09,"end":2006.478},{"text":"días,","start":2006.478,"end":2006.737},{"text":"distinguidas","start":2006.802,"end":2007.369},{"text":"delegadas.","start":2007.369,"end":2007.807}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Good morning, delegates.","start":2008.941,"end":2010.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":2008.941,"end":2009.119},{"text":"morning,","start":2009.119,"end":2009.394},{"text":"delegates.","start":2009.443,"end":2010.01}]},{"text":"I now declare open the 1,086th meeting of the Legal Subcommittee of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space.","start":2011.533,"end":2018.801,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2011.533,"end":2011.565},{"text":"now","start":2011.565,"end":2011.776},{"text":"declare","start":2011.776,"end":2012.051},{"text":"open","start":2012.116,"end":2012.375},{"text":"the","start":2012.375,"end":2012.521},{"text":"1,086th","start":2012.521,"end":2013.979},{"text":"meeting","start":2013.979,"end":2014.351},{"text":"of","start":2015.599,"end":2015.647},{"text":"the","start":2015.81,"end":2015.909},{"text":"Legal","start":2015.909,"end":2016.173},{"text":"Subcommittee","start":2016.173,"end":2016.752},{"text":"of","start":2016.752,"end":2016.834},{"text":"the","start":2016.834,"end":2016.884},{"text":"Committee","start":2016.917,"end":2017.297},{"text":"on","start":2017.396,"end":2017.479},{"text":"the","start":2017.479,"end":2017.561},{"text":"Peaceful","start":2017.561,"end":2017.892},{"text":"Uses","start":2017.892,"end":2018.222},{"text":"of","start":2018.222,"end":2018.322},{"text":"Outer","start":2018.322,"end":2018.553},{"text":"Space.","start":2018.553,"end":2018.801}]},{"text":"This morning, distinguished delegates, we will continue our consideration of agenda item 3, general exchange of views.","start":2027.037,"end":2032.492,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2027.037,"end":2027.15},{"text":"morning,","start":2027.214,"end":2027.471},{"text":"distinguished","start":2027.52,"end":2027.922},{"text":"delegates,","start":2027.922,"end":2028.34},{"text":"we","start":2028.404,"end":2028.501},{"text":"will","start":2028.501,"end":2028.565},{"text":"continue","start":2028.581,"end":2029.112},{"text":"our","start":2029.128,"end":2029.225},{"text":"consideration","start":2029.225,"end":2029.804},{"text":"of","start":2029.804,"end":2029.885},{"text":"agenda","start":2029.885,"end":2030.255},{"text":"item","start":2030.287,"end":2030.657},{"text":"3,","start":2030.657,"end":2031.011},{"text":"general","start":2031.461,"end":2031.735},{"text":"exchange","start":2031.735,"end":2032.121},{"text":"of","start":2032.121,"end":2032.25},{"text":"views.","start":2032.25,"end":2032.492}]},{"text":"At the request of delegations, I would like to invite delegations to express their view their views on the impact of the liquidity crisis on the Office of Outer Space Affairs, which was presented by the director of the office on Monday, 5th of May.","start":2035.746,"end":2056.544,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":2035.746,"end":2035.924},{"text":"the","start":2035.924,"end":2036.005},{"text":"request","start":2036.005,"end":2036.782},{"text":"of","start":2039.064,"end":2039.21},{"text":"delegations,","start":2039.21,"end":2039.821},{"text":"I","start":2043.09,"end":2043.106},{"text":"would","start":2043.106,"end":2043.251},{"text":"like","start":2043.251,"end":2043.412},{"text":"to","start":2043.412,"end":2043.573},{"text":"invite","start":2043.573,"end":2043.846},{"text":"delegations","start":2043.846,"end":2044.442},{"text":"to","start":2044.474,"end":2044.619},{"text":"express","start":2044.635,"end":2045.038},{"text":"their","start":2045.038,"end":2045.199},{"text":"view","start":2045.199,"end":2045.537},{"text":"their","start":2046.475,"end":2046.62},{"text":"views","start":2046.62,"end":2046.927},{"text":"on","start":2047.023,"end":2047.088},{"text":"the","start":2047.12,"end":2047.265},{"text":"impact","start":2047.281,"end":2047.684},{"text":"of","start":2047.684,"end":2047.765},{"text":"the","start":2047.765,"end":2047.926},{"text":"liquidity","start":2047.926,"end":2048.474},{"text":"crisis","start":2048.474,"end":2048.861},{"text":"on","start":2049.038,"end":2049.087},{"text":"the","start":2049.119,"end":2049.199},{"text":"Office","start":2049.28,"end":2049.473},{"text":"of","start":2049.473,"end":2049.683},{"text":"Outer","start":2049.683,"end":2049.844},{"text":"Space","start":2049.844,"end":2050.118},{"text":"Affairs,","start":2050.118,"end":2050.553},{"text":"which","start":2051.375,"end":2051.44},{"text":"was","start":2051.472,"end":2051.601},{"text":"presented","start":2051.633,"end":2052.181},{"text":"by","start":2054.132,"end":2054.293},{"text":"the","start":2054.293,"end":2054.373},{"text":"director","start":2054.373,"end":2054.76},{"text":"of","start":2054.76,"end":2054.841},{"text":"the","start":2054.841,"end":2054.921},{"text":"office","start":2054.921,"end":2055.147},{"text":"on","start":2055.405,"end":2055.55},{"text":"Monday,","start":2055.567,"end":2055.828},{"text":"5th","start":2055.844,"end":2056.153},{"text":"of","start":2056.153,"end":2056.251},{"text":"May.","start":2056.3,"end":2056.544}]},{"text":"And we would like to thank her also for joining us here this morning.","start":2059.474,"end":2062.388,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2059.474,"end":2059.572},{"text":"we","start":2059.572,"end":2059.8},{"text":"would","start":2060.044,"end":2060.142},{"text":"like","start":2060.142,"end":2060.304},{"text":"to","start":2060.304,"end":2060.386},{"text":"thank","start":2060.386,"end":2060.63},{"text":"her","start":2060.63,"end":2060.744},{"text":"also","start":2060.776,"end":2060.955},{"text":"for","start":2060.972,"end":2061.102},{"text":"joining","start":2061.102,"end":2061.395},{"text":"us","start":2061.428,"end":2061.639},{"text":"here","start":2061.672,"end":2061.916},{"text":"this","start":2061.916,"end":2062.03},{"text":"morning.","start":2062.079,"end":2062.388}]},{"text":"We will then continue our consideration of agenda item 11, general exchange of views on the legal aspects of space traffic management.","start":2064.057,"end":2072.017,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2064.057,"end":2064.139},{"text":"will","start":2064.139,"end":2064.221},{"text":"then","start":2064.221,"end":2064.369},{"text":"continue","start":2064.401,"end":2064.827},{"text":"our","start":2064.827,"end":2064.975},{"text":"consideration","start":2064.975,"end":2065.548},{"text":"of","start":2065.548,"end":2065.63},{"text":"agenda","start":2065.63,"end":2065.958},{"text":"item","start":2065.958,"end":2066.252},{"text":"11,","start":2066.302,"end":2066.744},{"text":"general","start":2068.23,"end":2068.394},{"text":"exchange","start":2068.394,"end":2068.773},{"text":"of","start":2068.773,"end":2068.839},{"text":"views","start":2068.839,"end":2069.218},{"text":"on","start":2069.333,"end":2069.432},{"text":"the","start":2069.432,"end":2069.646},{"text":"legal","start":2069.646,"end":2069.876},{"text":"aspects","start":2070.057,"end":2070.568},{"text":"of","start":2070.568,"end":2070.667},{"text":"space","start":2070.667,"end":2071.013},{"text":"traffic","start":2071.144,"end":2071.638},{"text":"management.","start":2071.638,"end":2072.017}]},{"text":"Upon the request of Indonesia.","start":2074.222,"end":2075.527,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Upon","start":2074.222,"end":2074.434},{"text":"the","start":2074.45,"end":2074.532},{"text":"request","start":2074.532,"end":2074.891},{"text":"of","start":2074.891,"end":2074.972},{"text":"Indonesia.","start":2074.972,"end":2075.527}]},{"text":"And we will continue and hopefully conclude our consideration of Agenda Item 12, General Exchange of Views on the Application of International Law to Small Satellite Activities.","start":2078.14,"end":2088.623,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2078.14,"end":2078.254},{"text":"we","start":2078.254,"end":2078.286},{"text":"will","start":2078.303,"end":2078.368},{"text":"continue","start":2078.4,"end":2078.792},{"text":"and","start":2078.89,"end":2078.971},{"text":"hopefully","start":2078.971,"end":2079.314},{"text":"conclude","start":2079.314,"end":2079.95},{"text":"our","start":2079.95,"end":2079.983},{"text":"consideration","start":2079.983,"end":2080.602},{"text":"of","start":2080.602,"end":2080.635},{"text":"Agenda","start":2080.635,"end":2080.929},{"text":"Item","start":2080.929,"end":2081.206},{"text":"12,","start":2081.255,"end":2081.728},{"text":"General","start":2083.42,"end":2083.615},{"text":"Exchange","start":2083.615,"end":2083.94},{"text":"of","start":2083.94,"end":2084.005},{"text":"Views","start":2084.005,"end":2084.314},{"text":"on","start":2085.062,"end":2085.143},{"text":"the","start":2085.143,"end":2085.241},{"text":"Application","start":2085.241,"end":2085.729},{"text":"of","start":2085.729,"end":2085.81},{"text":"International","start":2085.81,"end":2086.379},{"text":"Law","start":2086.379,"end":2086.477},{"text":"to","start":2086.769,"end":2087.013},{"text":"Small","start":2087.013,"end":2087.306},{"text":"Satellite","start":2087.436,"end":2087.989},{"text":"Activities.","start":2087.989,"end":2088.623}]},{"text":"We will begin our consideration of Agenda Item 13, Proposals to the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space.","start":2093.18,"end":2100.343,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2093.18,"end":2093.228},{"text":"will","start":2093.454,"end":2093.567},{"text":"begin","start":2093.857,"end":2094.309},{"text":"our","start":2094.97,"end":2095.067},{"text":"consideration","start":2095.148,"end":2095.761},{"text":"of","start":2095.809,"end":2095.89},{"text":"Agenda","start":2095.89,"end":2096.18},{"text":"Item","start":2096.261,"end":2096.6},{"text":"13,","start":2096.6,"end":2097.342},{"text":"Proposals","start":2097.406,"end":2097.939},{"text":"to","start":2097.971,"end":2098.068},{"text":"the","start":2098.068,"end":2098.197},{"text":"Committee","start":2098.197,"end":2098.536},{"text":"on","start":2098.536,"end":2098.616},{"text":"the","start":2098.616,"end":2098.778},{"text":"Peaceful","start":2098.778,"end":2099.117},{"text":"Uses","start":2099.165,"end":2099.552},{"text":"of","start":2099.649,"end":2099.81},{"text":"Outer","start":2099.81,"end":2100.004},{"text":"Space.","start":2100.004,"end":2100.343}]},{"text":"For new items to be committed to be considered by the legal subcommittee at its 65th session, we will then adjourn the plenary meeting so that the working group on legal aspects of space resource activities can hold its fifth meeting.","start":2101.651,"end":2121.837,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":2101.651,"end":2101.812},{"text":"new","start":2101.812,"end":2101.99},{"text":"items","start":2101.99,"end":2102.442},{"text":"to","start":2103.862,"end":2104.007},{"text":"be","start":2104.007,"end":2104.152},{"text":"committed","start":2104.152,"end":2104.539},{"text":"to","start":2104.797,"end":2104.943},{"text":"be","start":2104.959,"end":2105.168},{"text":"considered","start":2105.201,"end":2105.62},{"text":"by","start":2105.62,"end":2105.782},{"text":"the","start":2105.782,"end":2105.943},{"text":"legal","start":2105.943,"end":2106.201},{"text":"subcommittee","start":2106.201,"end":2106.814},{"text":"at","start":2106.895,"end":2106.976},{"text":"its","start":2106.976,"end":2107.056},{"text":"65th","start":2107.056,"end":2107.702},{"text":"session,","start":2107.702,"end":2108.008},{"text":"we","start":2111.09,"end":2111.187},{"text":"will","start":2111.187,"end":2111.268},{"text":"then","start":2111.268,"end":2111.397},{"text":"adjourn","start":2111.446,"end":2111.785},{"text":"the","start":2111.914,"end":2111.995},{"text":"plenary","start":2111.995,"end":2112.319},{"text":"meeting","start":2112.319,"end":2112.61},{"text":"so","start":2112.707,"end":2112.804},{"text":"that","start":2112.868,"end":2112.965},{"text":"the","start":2112.965,"end":2113.046},{"text":"working","start":2113.111,"end":2113.402},{"text":"group","start":2113.45,"end":2113.854},{"text":"on","start":2114.323,"end":2114.372},{"text":"legal","start":2114.485,"end":2114.889},{"text":"aspects","start":2114.889,"end":2115.633},{"text":"of","start":2116.425,"end":2116.57},{"text":"space","start":2116.683,"end":2117.12},{"text":"resource","start":2117.233,"end":2117.767},{"text":"activities","start":2117.815,"end":2118.43},{"text":"can","start":2120.49,"end":2120.636},{"text":"hold","start":2120.636,"end":2120.912},{"text":"its","start":2120.912,"end":2121.123},{"text":"fifth","start":2121.123,"end":2121.448},{"text":"meeting.","start":2121.448,"end":2121.837}]},{"text":"And I would like to.","start":2125.822,"end":2127.08,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2125.822,"end":2126.332},{"text":"I","start":2126.332,"end":2126.417},{"text":"would","start":2126.417,"end":2126.502},{"text":"like","start":2126.519,"end":2126.774},{"text":"to.","start":2126.842,"end":2127.08}]},{"text":"Recall also that we have 4 technical presentations this morning.","start":2127.971,"end":2131.537,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Recall","start":2127.971,"end":2128.46},{"text":"also","start":2128.46,"end":2128.72},{"text":"that","start":2128.72,"end":2128.948},{"text":"we","start":2128.948,"end":2129.046},{"text":"have","start":2129.046,"end":2129.225},{"text":"4","start":2129.225,"end":2129.567},{"text":"technical","start":2129.779,"end":2130.251},{"text":"presentations","start":2130.267,"end":2131.048},{"text":"this","start":2131.146,"end":2131.211},{"text":"morning.","start":2131.309,"end":2131.537}]},{"text":"Are there any questions or comments on this proposed schedule?","start":2134.56,"end":2137.053,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Are","start":2134.56,"end":2134.593},{"text":"there","start":2134.593,"end":2134.692},{"text":"any","start":2134.692,"end":2134.84},{"text":"questions","start":2134.84,"end":2135.336},{"text":"or","start":2135.352,"end":2135.402},{"text":"comments","start":2135.484,"end":2135.98},{"text":"on","start":2135.98,"end":2136.062},{"text":"this","start":2136.062,"end":2136.162},{"text":"proposed","start":2136.162,"end":2136.475},{"text":"schedule?","start":2136.508,"end":2137.053}]},{"text":"I see none.","start":2139.879,"end":2140.415,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2139.879,"end":2139.96},{"text":"see","start":2139.96,"end":2140.123},{"text":"none.","start":2140.123,"end":2140.415}]},{"text":"So we shall now take up our first agenda item for this morning, the General Exchange of Views, item 3.","start":2142.657,"end":2152.503,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2142.657,"end":2142.819},{"text":"we","start":2142.819,"end":2142.9},{"text":"shall","start":2142.9,"end":2143.047},{"text":"now","start":2143.047,"end":2143.16},{"text":"take","start":2143.193,"end":2143.453},{"text":"up","start":2143.453,"end":2143.55},{"text":"our","start":2144.021,"end":2144.346},{"text":"first","start":2144.346,"end":2144.979},{"text":"agenda","start":2146.149,"end":2146.425},{"text":"item","start":2146.441,"end":2146.685},{"text":"for","start":2146.685,"end":2146.782},{"text":"this","start":2146.782,"end":2146.945},{"text":"morning,","start":2146.945,"end":2147.237},{"text":"the","start":2150.315,"end":2150.398},{"text":"General","start":2150.414,"end":2150.68},{"text":"Exchange","start":2150.68,"end":2151.044},{"text":"of","start":2151.094,"end":2151.144},{"text":"Views,","start":2151.144,"end":2151.459},{"text":"item","start":2152.072,"end":2152.321},{"text":"3.","start":2152.321,"end":2152.503}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, I will shortly invite delegations to express their views on the impact of the liquidity crisis on the Office of Outer Space 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before doing so, I would like to give the floor— Under this item 3, to the observer for the Ibero-American Institute of Aeronautic and Space Law and Commercial Aviation to deliver their statement under this agenda 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observer of the Ibero-American Institute of Aeronautic and Space Law, you have the floor.","start":2196.859,"end":2201.192,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":2196.859,"end":2197.281},{"text":"observer","start":2197.281,"end":2197.751},{"text":"of","start":2198.157,"end":2198.303},{"text":"the","start":2198.319,"end":2198.384},{"text":"Ibero-American","start":2198.4,"end":2199.131},{"text":"Institute","start":2199.131,"end":2199.472},{"text":"of","start":2199.472,"end":2199.553},{"text":"Aeronautic","start":2199.553,"end":2199.975},{"text":"and","start":2199.975,"end":2200.056},{"text":"Space","start":2200.056,"end":2200.364},{"text":"Law,","start":2200.364,"end":2200.445},{"text":"you","start":2200.51,"end":2200.591},{"text":"have","start":2200.591,"end":2200.754},{"text":"the","start":2200.754,"end":2200.802},{"text":"floor.","start":2200.835,"end":2201.192}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","affiliation_full":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":2,"start":2205.607,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1r/k1ry0elblg?lang=en&t=2206","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Chair, distinguished delegates.","start":2205.607,"end":2208.242,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2205.607,"end":2205.865},{"text":"you","start":2205.865,"end":2205.946},{"text":"very","start":2205.946,"end":2206.124},{"text":"much,","start":2206.124,"end":2206.318},{"text":"Chair,","start":2206.577,"end":2206.9},{"text":"distinguished","start":2206.981,"end":2207.595},{"text":"delegates.","start":2207.725,"end":2208.242}]},{"text":"Very pleased to take the floor on behalf of the Ibero-American Institute of Aeronautic and Space Law, which is a non-governmental, nonprofit organization dedicated to aeronautical and space law in the Ibero-American 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1974, the Ibero-American Institute has been committed to promoting the knowledge and coordination of aeronautical and space law, coordinating for— in our 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Ibero-American Institute became a permanent observer to the Latin American Civil Aviation Commission in 1974 and regularly participates in its annual meetings through the Executive Committee and the Group of Experts on Political, Economic, and Legal Matters of air 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May 14th, 1976, the Institute was granted special consultative status by the United Nations Economic and Social Council, and on the 12th of June, 2012, it obtained observer status at the United Nations Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, 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the establishment of new working groups on air transport, space, and the environment, the Ibero-American Institute aims to further promote research in these 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congresses serve as a forum for reflection and exchange of ideas and knowledge, which are then used to draft conclusions that are approved by the Plenary Assembly and later sent to the UN, ICAO, and the Latin American Civil Aviation Commission, and to embassies and airlines of Ibero-American countries for their 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date, the Institute has organized 48 international congresses, the most recent of which was held in Santa Cruz, Tenerife, in 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2024, the Institute celebrated its 60th anniversary, marking a historic milestone for the organization.","start":2358.738,"end":2365.262,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2358.738,"end":2358.819},{"text":"2024,","start":2358.819,"end":2359.477},{"text":"the","start":2359.67,"end":2359.927},{"text":"Institute","start":2360.152,"end":2360.458},{"text":"celebrated","start":2360.49,"end":2360.99},{"text":"its","start":2360.99,"end":2361.207},{"text":"60th","start":2361.207,"end":2361.608},{"text":"anniversary,","start":2361.708,"end":2362.293},{"text":"marking","start":2362.31,"end":2362.695},{"text":"a","start":2362.728,"end":2362.795},{"text":"historic","start":2362.795,"end":2363.33},{"text":"milestone","start":2363.855,"end":2364.356},{"text":"for","start":2364.405,"end":2364.518},{"text":"the","start":2364.518,"end":2364.663},{"text":"organization.","start":2364.663,"end":2365.262}]},{"text":"To commemorate this anniversary, a special ceremony was held as part of the 48th Ibero-American Conference, which took place in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, featuring the participation of the Secretary-General of the International Civil Aviation Organization, whose presence gave the event significant institutional recognition at the international 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were the roundtables and keynote lectures and research papers presented on space law topics, such as dark and quiet skies, challenges of space traffic, and the present and future of aerospace activities.","start":2388.91,"end":2400.297,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many speakers discussed the need to advance work on space traffic management, including proposals for a study group and eventually a broader international framework. 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of the essential activities of the Institute is the current university postgraduate course specialist in aeronautical and space 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2020, a postgraduate program specialist in aeronautical and space law open to participants from Ibero-American countries and Spain.","start":2411.329,"end":2421.747,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":2411.329,"end":2411.651},{"text":"2020,","start":2411.78,"end":2412.65},{"text":"a","start":2413.488,"end":2413.505},{"text":"postgraduate","start":2413.553,"end":2414.214},{"text":"program","start":2414.214,"end":2414.794},{"text":"specialist","start":2415.665,"end":2416.213},{"text":"in","start":2416.213,"end":2416.261},{"text":"aeronautical","start":2416.293,"end":2416.696},{"text":"and","start":2416.696,"end":2416.777},{"text":"space","start":2416.777,"end":2417.115},{"text":"law","start":2417.115,"end":2417.196},{"text":"open","start":2419.088,"end":2419.266},{"text":"to","start":2419.266,"end":2419.347},{"text":"participants","start":2419.347,"end":2419.996},{"text":"from","start":2419.996,"end":2420.353},{"text":"Ibero-American","start":2420.385,"end":2420.969},{"text":"countries","start":2420.969,"end":2421.293},{"text":"and","start":2421.293,"end":2421.439},{"text":"Spain.","start":2421.439,"end":2421.747}]},{"text":"And professionals from the space, airport, and military personnel.","start":2423.702,"end":2429.802,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2423.702,"end":2423.929},{"text":"professionals","start":2424.43,"end":2424.98},{"text":"from","start":2425.158,"end":2425.547},{"text":"the","start":2425.725,"end":2425.919},{"text":"space,","start":2426.242,"end":2426.582},{"text":"airport,","start":2426.954,"end":2427.359},{"text":"and","start":2427.585,"end":2427.812},{"text":"military","start":2428.087,"end":2428.588},{"text":"personnel.","start":2429.219,"end":2429.802}]},{"text":"This course is taught by a select group of jurists specializing in air and space law, and as of October, the 7th edition will be 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is a specialized course provided online.","start":2441.348,"end":2443.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2441.348,"end":2441.478},{"text":"is","start":2441.526,"end":2441.64},{"text":"a","start":2441.688,"end":2441.704},{"text":"specialized","start":2441.704,"end":2442.127},{"text":"course","start":2442.143,"end":2442.354},{"text":"provided","start":2442.647,"end":2443.101},{"text":"online.","start":2443.199,"end":2443.67}]},{"text":"At 12:30 in room M3, we have a more formal presentation of this course, so You are cordially invited to 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the Institute equally participated in the research of air accidents organized by the Supreme School of Aeronautic Engineering of the Madrid Polytechnic.","start":2452.051,"end":2465.42,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":2452.051,"end":2453.529},{"text":"the","start":2453.658,"end":2453.899},{"text":"Institute","start":2453.899,"end":2454.445},{"text":"equally","start":2454.445,"end":2454.702},{"text":"participated","start":2454.702,"end":2455.65},{"text":"in","start":2455.65,"end":2455.875},{"text":"the","start":2455.907,"end":2456.261},{"text":"research","start":2456.293,"end":2457},{"text":"of","start":2457.097,"end":2457.321},{"text":"air","start":2457.579,"end":2457.627},{"text":"accidents","start":2457.98,"end":2459.282},{"text":"organized","start":2459.282,"end":2459.83},{"text":"by","start":2459.83,"end":2459.927},{"text":"the","start":2459.927,"end":2460.023},{"text":"Supreme","start":2460.023,"end":2460.668},{"text":"School","start":2461.07,"end":2461.409},{"text":"of","start":2461.602,"end":2461.828},{"text":"Aeronautic","start":2461.86,"end":2462.424},{"text":"Engineering","start":2462.424,"end":2463.036},{"text":"of","start":2463.777,"end":2463.922},{"text":"the","start":2463.938,"end":2464.147},{"text":"Madrid","start":2464.502,"end":2464.759},{"text":"Polytechnic.","start":2464.759,"end":2465.42}]},{"text":"Further essential activities of the Institute included their participation in the legal subcommittee of COPUAS during April 2024.","start":2465.887,"end":2475.688,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Further","start":2465.887,"end":2466.274},{"text":"essential","start":2466.274,"end":2466.692},{"text":"activities","start":2466.692,"end":2467.144},{"text":"of","start":2467.24,"end":2467.321},{"text":"the","start":2467.321,"end":2467.353},{"text":"Institute","start":2467.353,"end":2467.756},{"text":"included","start":2467.756,"end":2468.062},{"text":"their","start":2468.062,"end":2468.158},{"text":"participation","start":2468.158,"end":2468.916},{"text":"in","start":2469.497,"end":2469.545},{"text":"the","start":2469.739,"end":2469.932},{"text":"legal","start":2469.997,"end":2470.303},{"text":"subcommittee","start":2470.303,"end":2471.077},{"text":"of","start":2471.222,"end":2471.335},{"text":"COPUAS","start":2471.351,"end":2471.819},{"text":"during","start":2474.495,"end":2474.721},{"text":"April","start":2474.834,"end":2475.059},{"text":"2024.","start":2475.076,"end":2475.688}]},{"text":"And turning to other activities organized in 2024 by our organizations, such as participation at the 14th International Scientific and Practical Conference titled Legal Paradigm for Ukraine's Recovery Challenges and Prospects, organized by the Law Faculty of the National Aviation University of Ukraine.","start":2476.519,"end":2494.963,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2476.519,"end":2476.665},{"text":"turning","start":2477.248,"end":2477.507},{"text":"to","start":2477.507,"end":2477.636},{"text":"other","start":2477.669,"end":2477.831},{"text":"activities","start":2477.831,"end":2478.284},{"text":"organized","start":2478.316,"end":2478.818},{"text":"in","start":2478.818,"end":2478.85},{"text":"2024","start":2478.867,"end":2480},{"text":"by","start":2480,"end":2480.21},{"text":"our","start":2480.518,"end":2480.744},{"text":"organizations,","start":2481.796,"end":2482.347},{"text":"such","start":2482.363,"end":2482.606},{"text":"as","start":2482.606,"end":2482.654},{"text":"participation","start":2482.687,"end":2483.188},{"text":"at","start":2483.188,"end":2483.253},{"text":"the","start":2483.253,"end":2483.334},{"text":"14th","start":2483.334,"end":2483.658},{"text":"International","start":2483.658,"end":2484.127},{"text":"Scientific","start":2484.127,"end":2484.467},{"text":"and","start":2484.467,"end":2484.548},{"text":"Practical","start":2484.548,"end":2484.856},{"text":"Conference","start":2484.856,"end":2485.338},{"text":"titled","start":2485.338,"end":2485.755},{"text":"Legal","start":2486.077,"end":2486.302},{"text":"Paradigm","start":2486.318,"end":2486.864},{"text":"for","start":2486.864,"end":2487.073},{"text":"Ukraine's","start":2487.828,"end":2488.31},{"text":"Recovery","start":2488.31,"end":2488.696},{"text":"Challenges","start":2488.728,"end":2489.258},{"text":"and","start":2489.306,"end":2489.451},{"text":"Prospects,","start":2489.451,"end":2490.334},{"text":"organized","start":2490.897,"end":2491.299},{"text":"by","start":2491.299,"end":2491.459},{"text":"the","start":2491.459,"end":2491.7},{"text":"Law","start":2491.764,"end":2491.861},{"text":"Faculty","start":2491.957,"end":2492.391},{"text":"of","start":2492.584,"end":2492.712},{"text":"the","start":2492.745,"end":2493.002},{"text":"National","start":2493.291,"end":2493.612},{"text":"Aviation","start":2493.612,"end":2494.014},{"text":"University","start":2494.014,"end":2494.432},{"text":"of","start":2494.432,"end":2494.561},{"text":"Ukraine.","start":2494.577,"end":2494.963}]},{"text":"In March 2024, in Darmstadt, Germany, the conference Towards a Lunar Village: Building Sustainable Habitats and Society on Earth and in space was held where we equally participated.","start":2498.038,"end":2509.397,"topics":[{"key":"lunar-exploration","label":"Lunar and Celestial Body Activities","description":"The transcript included detailed discussion of missions to the Moon, Mars, and other celestial bodies by states and private actors. 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one moment, just one moment please.","start":2678.854,"end":2681.399,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Just","start":2678.854,"end":2679.048},{"text":"one","start":2679.096,"end":2679.225},{"text":"moment,","start":2679.257,"end":2679.627},{"text":"just","start":2680.706,"end":2680.932},{"text":"one","start":2680.932,"end":2680.996},{"text":"moment","start":2681.028,"end":2681.254},{"text":"please.","start":2681.254,"end":2681.399}]},{"text":"Before delivering your statement, I would like to remind delegations that in keeping with customary practice of this Committee, a state may not request— may only request 2 rights of reply under each agenda item during one specific 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for having to interrupt you.","start":2700.97,"end":2702.379,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Apologies","start":2700.97,"end":2701.375},{"text":"for","start":2701.472,"end":2701.553},{"text":"having","start":2701.553,"end":2701.747},{"text":"to","start":2701.796,"end":2701.893},{"text":"interrupt","start":2701.893,"end":2702.298},{"text":"you.","start":2702.298,"end":2702.379}]},{"text":"I simply wish to clarify and provide that reminder.","start":2702.444,"end":2705.944,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2702.444,"end":2702.46},{"text":"simply","start":2702.46,"end":2702.768},{"text":"wish","start":2702.768,"end":2702.946},{"text":"to","start":2702.946,"end":2703.027},{"text":"clarify","start":2703.027,"end":2703.659},{"text":"and","start":2704.793,"end":2704.955},{"text":"provide","start":2704.955,"end":2705.182},{"text":"that","start":2705.214,"end":2705.376},{"text":"reminder.","start":2705.376,"end":2705.944}]},{"text":"You have the floor, 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Mr.","start":2708.034,"end":2708.487,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2708.034,"end":2708.212},{"text":"you,","start":2708.212,"end":2708.26},{"text":"Mr.","start":2708.277,"end":2708.487}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair.","start":2708.649,"end":2708.86,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair.","start":2708.649,"end":2708.86}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr.","start":2709.763,"end":2709.941,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":2709.763,"end":2709.941}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair, distinguished delegates, the delegation of Ukraine would like to exercise its right of 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United Kingdom has requested the floor.","start":3138.26,"end":3140.364,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3138.26,"end":3138.537},{"text":"United","start":3138.765,"end":3139.026},{"text":"Kingdom","start":3139.026,"end":3139.32},{"text":"has","start":3139.353,"end":3139.483},{"text":"requested","start":3139.581,"end":3140.022},{"text":"the","start":3140.022,"end":3140.152},{"text":"floor.","start":3140.152,"end":3140.364}]},{"text":"Are there any further requests from delegations?","start":3140.968,"end":3143.318,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Are","start":3140.968,"end":3141.017},{"text":"there","start":3141.131,"end":3141.229},{"text":"any","start":3141.229,"end":3141.392},{"text":"further","start":3141.392,"end":3141.8},{"text":"requests","start":3141.8,"end":3142.388},{"text":"from","start":3142.682,"end":3142.796},{"text":"delegations?","start":3142.845,"end":3143.318}]},{"text":"The Russian 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and good morning to colleagues.","start":3154.39,"end":3158.043,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3154.39,"end":3154.487},{"text":"you","start":3154.487,"end":3154.519},{"text":"very","start":3154.519,"end":3154.601},{"text":"much,","start":3154.601,"end":3154.893},{"text":"Mr.","start":3154.909,"end":3155.266},{"text":"Chair,","start":3155.38,"end":3155.559},{"text":"for","start":3155.575,"end":3155.721},{"text":"giving","start":3155.721,"end":3155.867},{"text":"me","start":3155.867,"end":3155.965},{"text":"the","start":3155.965,"end":3156.03},{"text":"floor,","start":3156.03,"end":3156.306},{"text":"and","start":3156.355,"end":3156.679},{"text":"good","start":3157.102,"end":3157.231},{"text":"morning","start":3157.248,"end":3157.508},{"text":"to","start":3157.572,"end":3157.621},{"text":"colleagues.","start":3157.654,"end":3158.043}]},{"text":"The UK is very happy to take the floor on this issue because it's of great concern to us.","start":3160.17,"end":3164.257,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3160.17,"end":3160.266},{"text":"UK","start":3160.266,"end":3160.491},{"text":"is","start":3160.491,"end":3160.572},{"text":"very","start":3160.668,"end":3160.813},{"text":"happy","start":3160.91,"end":3161.135},{"text":"to","start":3161.151,"end":3161.2},{"text":"take","start":3161.2,"end":3161.409},{"text":"the","start":3161.409,"end":3161.473},{"text":"floor","start":3161.473,"end":3161.65},{"text":"on","start":3161.65,"end":3161.698},{"text":"this","start":3161.795,"end":3161.859},{"text":"issue","start":3161.956,"end":3162.181},{"text":"because","start":3162.213,"end":3162.503},{"text":"it's","start":3162.551,"end":3162.841},{"text":"of","start":3162.841,"end":3162.906},{"text":"great","start":3162.938,"end":3163.163},{"text":"concern","start":3163.163,"end":3163.63},{"text":"to","start":3163.823,"end":3163.936},{"text":"us.","start":3164.048,"end":3164.257}]},{"text":"First off, we would like to thank the Director for this honest presentation that we heard on the first day of the 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perhaps we could keep that conversation separate.","start":3749.203,"end":3751.877,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3749.203,"end":3749.3},{"text":"perhaps","start":3749.364,"end":3751.441},{"text":"we","start":3749.712,"end":3749.793},{"text":"could","start":3749.793,"end":3749.989},{"text":"keep","start":3750.265,"end":3750.444},{"text":"that","start":3750.444,"end":3750.672},{"text":"conversation","start":3750.672,"end":3751.275},{"text":"separate.","start":3751.323,"end":3751.877}]},{"text":"But to respond to the questions that have been raised, you asked about insight into our capacity to alter or change the Office structure and whether that is possible.","start":3753.12,"end":3766.101,"topics":[{"key":"office-reform","label":"Reform of UNOOSA","description":"A number of interventions addressed whether UNOOSA’s current structure is fit for purpose given the growth of space activities and COPUOS mandates. 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Subcommittee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":25,"start":4013.569,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1r/k1ry0elblg?lang=en&t=4014","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Chairman.","start":4013.569,"end":4014.509,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4013.569,"end":4013.796},{"text":"you","start":4013.796,"end":4013.828},{"text":"very","start":4013.828,"end":4013.974},{"text":"much,","start":4013.974,"end":4014.201},{"text":"Chairman.","start":4014.282,"end":4014.509}]},{"text":"I too would like to thank the Director of UNRWA and her entire team for the efforts they are making to continue work in the office and also the work of 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delegations already explained this, but we too care a lot about the work of UNOOSA's work, in particular in the area of cooperation, but any— also general activities in outer space.","start":4035.297,"end":4055.3,"topics":[{"key":"developing-country-support","label":"Support for Developing Countries and Capacity-Building","description":"Delegations stressed that funding pressures could undermine training, technical assistance, and participation opportunities for developing countries and emerging space actors. 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multilingualism.","start":4327.379,"end":4329.545,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4327.379,"end":4327.525},{"text":"UK","start":4327.525,"end":4327.783},{"text":"also","start":4327.848,"end":4328.042},{"text":"fully","start":4328.09,"end":4328.349},{"text":"supports","start":4328.349,"end":4328.769},{"text":"multilingualism.","start":4328.834,"end":4329.545}]},{"text":"We don't want to see that sacrificed, but it seems to me that there is a shortage of funds, so we either need to meet less, have less interpretation, or speak less.","start":4331.185,"end":4343.892,"topics":[{"key":"unoosa-funding","label":"UNOOSA Funding Crisis","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed the liquidity shortfall and regular budget cuts affecting the UN Office for Outer Space Affairs. 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will be keeping a close watch on developments, and we're here to support.","start":4362.033,"end":4366.894,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4362.033,"end":4362.178},{"text":"will","start":4362.178,"end":4362.34},{"text":"be","start":4362.34,"end":4362.501},{"text":"keeping","start":4362.501,"end":4362.808},{"text":"a","start":4363.002,"end":4363.018},{"text":"close","start":4363.082,"end":4363.389},{"text":"watch","start":4363.389,"end":4363.534},{"text":"on","start":4363.712,"end":4363.777},{"text":"developments,","start":4364.197,"end":4364.733},{"text":"and","start":4365.497,"end":4365.968},{"text":"we're","start":4366.001,"end":4366.147},{"text":"here","start":4366.147,"end":4366.309},{"text":"to","start":4366.309,"end":4366.407},{"text":"support.","start":4366.407,"end":4366.894}]},{"text":"Thank you very 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know, for example, that the former tech envoy, was elevated from an ASG to a USG very recently and given 6 extra positions, and this is for the subject of artificial 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so much for the regular budget situation.","start":4880.484,"end":4883.189,"topics":[{"key":"unoosa-funding","label":"UNOOSA Funding Crisis","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed the liquidity shortfall and regular budget cuts affecting the UN Office for Outer Space Affairs. Speakers highlighted impacts on staffing, salaries, meetings, travel support, and the Office’s ability to carry out its mandate."}],"words":[{"text":"So,","start":4880.484,"end":4880.806},{"text":"so","start":4881.032,"end":4881.209},{"text":"much","start":4881.209,"end":4881.45},{"text":"for","start":4881.45,"end":4881.643},{"text":"the","start":4881.756,"end":4881.853},{"text":"regular","start":4881.853,"end":4882.255},{"text":"budget","start":4882.255,"end":4882.577},{"text":"situation.","start":4882.577,"end":4883.189}]},{"text":"I have invited my colleague Markus Woltran, who's in charge of funding and partnerships, to address you on the question of the functioning of the Multi-Partner Trust Fund.","start":4883.968,"end":4894.958,"topics":[{"key":"trust-fund","label":"Multi-Partner Trust Fund","description":"Several speakers focused on the new Multi-Partner Trust Fund as a way to mobilize voluntary contributions from governments and other stakeholders. 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Chair.","start":5202.52,"end":5203.579,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5202.52,"end":5202.68},{"text":"you","start":5202.68,"end":5202.776},{"text":"so","start":5202.776,"end":5202.905},{"text":"much,","start":5202.905,"end":5203.017},{"text":"Mr.","start":5203.082,"end":5203.274},{"text":"Chair.","start":5203.322,"end":5203.579}]},{"text":"Good morning to you and, and all colleagues and Director and the Office of the United Nations Office of Outer 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my personal contribution to the liquidity crisis is that I'll speak in English.","start":5210.371,"end":5214.273,"topics":[{"key":"unoosa-funding","label":"UNOOSA Funding Crisis","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed the liquidity shortfall and regular budget cuts affecting the UN Office for Outer Space Affairs. 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thank you, and again, our support to the efforts of the Office.","start":5530.536,"end":5534.697,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5530.536,"end":5530.568},{"text":"thank","start":5530.632,"end":5530.937},{"text":"you,","start":5530.937,"end":5531.05},{"text":"and","start":5531.339,"end":5531.821},{"text":"again,","start":5531.821,"end":5532.046},{"text":"our","start":5532.142,"end":5532.255},{"text":"support","start":5532.255,"end":5532.881},{"text":"to","start":5532.881,"end":5533.01},{"text":"the","start":5533.026,"end":5533.283},{"text":"efforts","start":5533.508,"end":5533.99},{"text":"of","start":5533.99,"end":5534.135},{"text":"the","start":5534.392,"end":5534.472},{"text":"Office.","start":5534.472,"end":5534.697}]},{"text":"Thank 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I think that would be really useful.","start":6327.507,"end":6328.985,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":6327.507,"end":6327.651},{"text":"I","start":6327.651,"end":6327.732},{"text":"think","start":6327.732,"end":6327.892},{"text":"that","start":6327.892,"end":6328.021},{"text":"would","start":6328.037,"end":6328.133},{"text":"be","start":6328.133,"end":6328.358},{"text":"really","start":6328.358,"end":6328.519},{"text":"useful.","start":6328.615,"end":6328.985}]},{"text":"And then also would just second the request to receive the budget slides, that would be very 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nothing stops delegations from putting the full version of their statement on the websites of the 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China.","start":6576.62,"end":6582.223,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":6576.62,"end":6576.78},{"text":"delegation","start":6576.78,"end":6578.402},{"text":"associates","start":6578.45,"end":6578.98},{"text":"itself","start":6579.108,"end":6579.59},{"text":"with","start":6579.654,"end":6579.831},{"text":"the","start":6579.831,"end":6579.911},{"text":"statement","start":6579.911,"end":6580.457},{"text":"of","start":6580.457,"end":6580.602},{"text":"G77","start":6580.634,"end":6581.485},{"text":"and","start":6581.597,"end":6581.758},{"text":"China.","start":6581.758,"end":6582.223}]},{"text":"Further, we would like to add a statement in our national capacity as follows.","start":6582.785,"end":6587.426,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Further,","start":6582.785,"end":6583.267},{"text":"we","start":6583.347,"end":6583.508},{"text":"would","start":6583.508,"end":6583.668},{"text":"like","start":6583.684,"end":6583.925},{"text":"to","start":6583.925,"end":6584.054},{"text":"add","start":6584.07,"end":6584.311},{"text":"a","start":6584.311,"end":6584.343},{"text":"statement","start":6584.343,"end":6584.953},{"text":"in","start":6584.953,"end":6585.113},{"text":"our","start":6585.113,"end":6585.226},{"text":"national","start":6585.226,"end":6585.756},{"text":"capacity","start":6585.756,"end":6586.382},{"text":"as","start":6586.96,"end":6587.024},{"text":"follows.","start":6587.121,"end":6587.426}]},{"text":"Indonesia supports the discussion of space traffic management as a legal subcommittee agenda item that was first considered at the 55th session of the Legal Subcommittee in 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Poland.","start":6898.231,"end":6908.358,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":6898.231,"end":6898.489},{"text":"this","start":6898.618,"end":6898.682},{"text":"is","start":6898.795,"end":6898.892},{"text":"our","start":6898.94,"end":6899.085},{"text":"first","start":6899.424,"end":6899.778},{"text":"statement","start":6902.245,"end":6902.793},{"text":"here,","start":6902.809,"end":6903.164},{"text":"so","start":6903.858,"end":6904.067},{"text":"first","start":6904.583,"end":6905.261},{"text":"of","start":6905.261,"end":6905.341},{"text":"all,","start":6905.47,"end":6905.535},{"text":"we","start":6905.632,"end":6905.809},{"text":"express","start":6905.809,"end":6906.212},{"text":"our","start":6906.212,"end":6906.341},{"text":"condolences","start":6906.374,"end":6907.519},{"text":"to","start":6907.583,"end":6907.761},{"text":"Poland.","start":6907.906,"end":6908.358}]},{"text":"Andrzej Mistal of Poland was the distinguished distinguished diplomat chairing the COPOS Working Group on the Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities.","start":6909.116,"end":6916.353,"topics":[{"key":"space-resources","label":"Space Resources and Lunar Regolith","description":"Another recurring topic was the legal treatment of space resources, especially lunar regolith and national authorization regimes. Speakers referred to Luxembourg’s space resources law, COPUOS work on space resource activities, and the broader question of how ownership and resource use can be handled consistently with international space law."}],"words":[{"text":"Andrzej","start":6909.116,"end":6909.406},{"text":"Mistal","start":6909.454,"end":6909.938},{"text":"of","start":6909.987,"end":6910.132},{"text":"Poland","start":6910.229,"end":6910.567},{"text":"was","start":6910.567,"end":6910.745},{"text":"the","start":6910.745,"end":6910.809},{"text":"distinguished","start":6910.809,"end":6911.212},{"text":"distinguished","start":6911.12,"end":6911.554},{"text":"diplomat","start":6911.554,"end":6912.214},{"text":"chairing","start":6912.424,"end":6912.891},{"text":"the","start":6912.923,"end":6913.148},{"text":"COPOS","start":6913.148,"end":6913.503},{"text":"Working","start":6913.551,"end":6913.792},{"text":"Group","start":6913.808,"end":6914.066},{"text":"on","start":6914.114,"end":6914.195},{"text":"the","start":6914.195,"end":6914.292},{"text":"Legal","start":6914.292,"end":6914.533},{"text":"Aspects","start":6914.533,"end":6915},{"text":"of","start":6915,"end":6915.048},{"text":"Space","start":6915.097,"end":6915.483},{"text":"Resource","start":6915.483,"end":6915.837},{"text":"Activities.","start":6915.837,"end":6916.353}]},{"text":"We remember André Michel for his outstanding work and service to COPOS and for his kindness and openness.","start":6916.465,"end":6922.307,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6916.465,"end":6916.497},{"text":"remember","start":6916.546,"end":6916.948},{"text":"André","start":6917.013,"end":6917.206},{"text":"Michel","start":6917.27,"end":6917.625},{"text":"for","start":6918.397,"end":6918.542},{"text":"his","start":6918.542,"end":6918.687},{"text":"outstanding","start":6918.8,"end":6919.412},{"text":"work","start":6919.444,"end":6919.702},{"text":"and","start":6919.75,"end":6919.831},{"text":"service","start":6919.831,"end":6920.281},{"text":"to","start":6920.555,"end":6920.587},{"text":"COPOS","start":6920.62,"end":6920.941},{"text":"and","start":6921.037,"end":6921.134},{"text":"for","start":6921.134,"end":6921.214},{"text":"his","start":6921.214,"end":6921.343},{"text":"kindness","start":6921.439,"end":6921.921},{"text":"and","start":6921.921,"end":6922.002},{"text":"openness.","start":6922.002,"end":6922.307}]},{"text":"We look forward for Stephen Freeland of Australia to continue the heritage of André's achievements and to develop the legal aspects of space resource activities towards successful accomplishment.","start":6922.403,"end":6936.414,"topics":[{"key":"space-resources","label":"Space Resources and Lunar Regolith","description":"Another recurring topic was the legal treatment of space resources, especially lunar regolith and national authorization regimes. 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may know the Wassenaar Arrangement on export controls for conventional arms and dual-use goods and 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suborbital craft is a craft having an enclosure designed for the transport of people or cargo, which is designed to to a) operate above the stratosphere, b) only perform non-orbital trajectories, and c) land back on Earth with the people or cargo 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believe active discussions will bring international clarity on one side to the legal matter of the limitation between outer space and airspace, and on another also important side to resolving on space traffic management.","start":7023.998,"end":7037.026,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"Many speakers discussed the need to advance work on space traffic management, including proposals for a study group and eventually a broader international framework. 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we're seeking solution to the— or resolution to those questions.","start":7230.183,"end":7235.107,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Currently,","start":7230.183,"end":7230.734},{"text":"we're","start":7230.912,"end":7231.123},{"text":"seeking","start":7231.268,"end":7231.868},{"text":"solution","start":7232.078,"end":7232.758},{"text":"to","start":7232.872,"end":7233.017},{"text":"the—","start":7233.017,"end":7233.098},{"text":"or","start":7233.179,"end":7233.341},{"text":"resolution","start":7233.762,"end":7234.297},{"text":"to","start":7234.329,"end":7234.475},{"text":"those","start":7234.475,"end":7234.621},{"text":"questions.","start":7234.718,"end":7235.107}]},{"text":"It's clear that based on that, that's how we'll decide on our future position with respect to the 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we can conclude our consideration of agenda item 11.","start":7273.165,"end":7275.803,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":7273.165,"end":7273.424},{"text":"we","start":7273.472,"end":7273.569},{"text":"can","start":7273.634,"end":7273.78},{"text":"conclude","start":7273.812,"end":7274.136},{"text":"our","start":7274.136,"end":7274.217},{"text":"consideration","start":7274.217,"end":7274.783},{"text":"of","start":7274.783,"end":7274.864},{"text":"agenda","start":7274.864,"end":7275.172},{"text":"item","start":7275.188,"end":7275.398},{"text":"11.","start":7275.431,"end":7275.803}]},{"text":"Apologies.","start":7277.373,"end":7277.907,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Apologies.","start":7277.373,"end":7277.907}]},{"text":"Germany, you have the 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extend our sincere appreciation to the ISL present President, Professor Dr. Kayo Oshogbo, and the ISL Board of Directors for their support.","start":12682.749,"end":12693.625,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":12682.749,"end":12682.894},{"text":"extend","start":12682.894,"end":12683.439},{"text":"our","start":12683.471,"end":12684},{"text":"sincere","start":12684.209,"end":12684.69},{"text":"appreciation","start":12684.754,"end":12685.684},{"text":"to","start":12685.861,"end":12686.133},{"text":"the","start":12686.582,"end":12686.743},{"text":"ISL","start":12686.999,"end":12687.304},{"text":"present","start":12687.384,"end":12687.961},{"text":"President,","start":12688.01,"end":12688.511},{"text":"Professor","start":12688.527,"end":12689.094},{"text":"Dr.","start":12689.094,"end":12689.353},{"text":"Kayo","start":12689.417,"end":12689.822},{"text":"Oshogbo,","start":12689.822,"end":12690.55},{"text":"and","start":12690.696,"end":12690.761},{"text":"the","start":12690.793,"end":12690.955},{"text":"ISL","start":12690.955,"end":12691.457},{"text":"Board","start":12691.748,"end":12692.023},{"text":"of","start":12692.023,"end":12692.169},{"text":"Directors","start":12692.169,"end":12692.622},{"text":"for","start":12692.8,"end":12692.929},{"text":"their","start":12692.978,"end":12693.075},{"text":"support.","start":12693.14,"end":12693.625}]},{"text":"Next, please.","start":12693.868,"end":12694.402,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":12693.868,"end":12694.127},{"text":"please.","start":12694.175,"end":12694.402}]},{"text":"AI is rapidly transforming space operations from autonomy to analytics.","start":12696.198,"end":12701.166,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"AI","start":12696.198,"end":12696.473},{"text":"is","start":12696.684,"end":12696.83},{"text":"rapidly","start":12696.927,"end":12697.477},{"text":"transforming","start":12697.59,"end":12698.205},{"text":"space","start":12698.253,"end":12698.642},{"text":"operations","start":12698.706,"end":12699.337},{"text":"from","start":12699.515,"end":12699.661},{"text":"autonomy","start":12699.774,"end":12700.276},{"text":"to","start":12700.486,"end":12700.664},{"text":"analytics.","start":12700.664,"end":12701.166}]},{"text":"Our report calls for a balanced approach to AI in space, one that fosters innovation while ensuring responsibility and accountability.","start":12701.894,"end":12709.841,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":12701.894,"end":12701.959},{"text":"report","start":12701.959,"end":12702.428},{"text":"calls","start":12702.428,"end":12702.654},{"text":"for","start":12702.751,"end":12702.865},{"text":"a","start":12702.865,"end":12702.929},{"text":"balanced","start":12703.01,"end":12703.528},{"text":"approach","start":12703.56,"end":12704.03},{"text":"to","start":12704.062,"end":12704.208},{"text":"AI","start":12704.289,"end":12704.499},{"text":"in","start":12704.547,"end":12704.645},{"text":"space,","start":12704.645,"end":12705.13},{"text":"one","start":12705.437,"end":12705.567},{"text":"that","start":12705.68,"end":12705.81},{"text":"fosters","start":12705.81,"end":12706.213},{"text":"innovation","start":12706.245,"end":12706.825},{"text":"while","start":12707.035,"end":12707.164},{"text":"ensuring","start":12707.293,"end":12707.664},{"text":"responsibility","start":12707.761,"end":12708.631},{"text":"and","start":12708.986,"end":12709.051},{"text":"accountability.","start":12709.067,"end":12709.841}]},{"text":"I will now highlight key recommendations from our report.","start":12710.599,"end":12713.469,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":12710.599,"end":12710.647},{"text":"will","start":12710.679,"end":12710.776},{"text":"now","start":12710.776,"end":12710.953},{"text":"highlight","start":12711.066,"end":12711.566},{"text":"key","start":12711.566,"end":12711.808},{"text":"recommendations","start":12711.808,"end":12712.711},{"text":"from","start":12712.84,"end":12712.969},{"text":"our","start":12713.001,"end":12713.034},{"text":"report.","start":12713.034,"end":12713.469}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Next, please.","start":12713.778,"end":12714.211,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":12713.778,"end":12713.986},{"text":"please.","start":12714.002,"end":12714.211}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Starting with international treaties, we do not propose amending the Outer Space Treaty or the Liability Convention.","start":12715.108,"end":12721.536,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Starting","start":12715.108,"end":12715.477},{"text":"with","start":12715.685,"end":12715.974},{"text":"international","start":12716.166,"end":12716.856},{"text":"treaties,","start":12716.888,"end":12717.336},{"text":"we","start":12717.609,"end":12717.769},{"text":"do","start":12717.769,"end":12717.865},{"text":"not","start":12717.865,"end":12718.154},{"text":"propose","start":12718.154,"end":12718.539},{"text":"amending","start":12718.571,"end":12718.955},{"text":"the","start":12719.036,"end":12719.116},{"text":"Outer","start":12719.196,"end":12719.308},{"text":"Space","start":12719.308,"end":12719.693},{"text":"Treaty","start":12719.693,"end":12719.981},{"text":"or","start":12720.238,"end":12720.286},{"text":"the","start":12720.398,"end":12720.478},{"text":"Liability","start":12720.494,"end":12720.895},{"text":"Convention.","start":12720.895,"end":12721.536}]},{"text":"Instead, we recommend clarifying the definition of space object to explicitly include AI-integrated systems and autonomous software, a definition that may require revisiting as AI grows beyond parent object control.","start":12721.777,"end":12736.796,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Instead,","start":12721.777,"end":12722.274},{"text":"we","start":12722.482,"end":12722.674},{"text":"recommend","start":12722.803,"end":12723.267},{"text":"clarifying","start":12723.444,"end":12724.229},{"text":"the","start":12725.063,"end":12725.143},{"text":"definition","start":12725.223,"end":12725.704},{"text":"of","start":12725.704,"end":12725.784},{"text":"space","start":12725.784,"end":12726.137},{"text":"object","start":12726.329,"end":12726.89},{"text":"to","start":12726.89,"end":12727.034},{"text":"explicitly","start":12727.05,"end":12727.996},{"text":"include","start":12728.108,"end":12728.621},{"text":"AI-integrated","start":12728.669,"end":12729.407},{"text":"systems","start":12729.407,"end":12730},{"text":"and","start":12730.192,"end":12730.256},{"text":"autonomous","start":12730.336,"end":12730.914},{"text":"software,","start":12730.914,"end":12731.426},{"text":"a","start":12731.875,"end":12731.891},{"text":"definition","start":12732.02,"end":12732.533},{"text":"that","start":12732.661,"end":12732.837},{"text":"may","start":12732.837,"end":12732.981},{"text":"require","start":12732.981,"end":12733.462},{"text":"revisiting","start":12733.462,"end":12733.927},{"text":"as","start":12734.103,"end":12734.248},{"text":"AI","start":12734.28,"end":12734.552},{"text":"grows","start":12734.552,"end":12734.969},{"text":"beyond","start":12735.065,"end":12735.402},{"text":"parent","start":12735.402,"end":12735.819},{"text":"object","start":12735.947,"end":12736.364},{"text":"control.","start":12736.364,"end":12736.796}]},{"text":"The existing 4-part launching state test remains sufficient, for attributing liability in current autonomous missions.","start":12737.47,"end":12744.709,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":12737.47,"end":12737.55},{"text":"existing","start":12737.55,"end":12737.934},{"text":"4-part","start":12738.031,"end":12738.576},{"text":"launching","start":12738.688,"end":12739.057},{"text":"state","start":12739.089,"end":12739.409},{"text":"test","start":12739.409,"end":12739.73},{"text":"remains","start":12739.73,"end":12739.986},{"text":"sufficient,","start":12739.986,"end":12740.579},{"text":"for","start":12741.816,"end":12742.09},{"text":"attributing","start":12742.202,"end":12742.652},{"text":"liability","start":12742.765,"end":12743.327},{"text":"in","start":12743.407,"end":12743.472},{"text":"current","start":12743.568,"end":12743.825},{"text":"autonomous","start":12743.825,"end":12744.371},{"text":"missions.","start":12744.371,"end":12744.709}]},{"text":"However, AI-enabled functions like autonomous docking or launch decisions challenge traditional assumptions, especially with globally distributed components.","start":12745.014,"end":12753.868,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":12745.014,"end":12745.464},{"text":"AI-enabled","start":12745.673,"end":12746.332},{"text":"functions","start":12746.332,"end":12746.846},{"text":"like","start":12746.942,"end":12747.183},{"text":"autonomous","start":12747.264,"end":12747.858},{"text":"docking","start":12747.858,"end":12748.292},{"text":"or","start":12748.469,"end":12748.517},{"text":"launch","start":12748.63,"end":12748.935},{"text":"decisions","start":12749.112,"end":12749.626},{"text":"challenge","start":12749.754,"end":12750.188},{"text":"traditional","start":12750.253,"end":12750.799},{"text":"assumptions,","start":12750.799,"end":12751.361},{"text":"especially","start":12751.715,"end":12752.181},{"text":"with","start":12752.181,"end":12752.406},{"text":"globally","start":12752.406,"end":12752.807},{"text":"distributed","start":12752.807,"end":12753.29},{"text":"components.","start":12753.29,"end":12753.868}]},{"text":"Rather than assigning legal personhood to AI, our report affirms operator liability extending through ownership transfers and to developers for post-deployment actions and 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please.","start":12767.58,"end":12767.966,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":12767.58,"end":12767.773},{"text":"please.","start":12767.822,"end":12767.966}]},{"text":"Next, procurement is a key contractual tool for clarifying how liability is shared between operators and developers after the state is held internationally liable.","start":12769.591,"end":12779.407,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":12769.591,"end":12769.864},{"text":"procurement","start":12769.913,"end":12770.749},{"text":"is","start":12770.797,"end":12770.862},{"text":"a","start":12770.91,"end":12770.926},{"text":"key","start":12771.039,"end":12771.28},{"text":"contractual","start":12771.28,"end":12771.859},{"text":"tool","start":12771.859,"end":12772.132},{"text":"for","start":12772.245,"end":12772.502},{"text":"clarifying","start":12772.502,"end":12773.114},{"text":"how","start":12773.146,"end":12773.242},{"text":"liability","start":12773.242,"end":12773.918},{"text":"is","start":12774.031,"end":12774.079},{"text":"shared","start":12774.256,"end":12774.561},{"text":"between","start":12774.658,"end":12774.964},{"text":"operators","start":12775.14,"end":12775.768},{"text":"and","start":12775.961,"end":12776.09},{"text":"developers","start":12776.09,"end":12776.653},{"text":"after","start":12777.152,"end":12777.394},{"text":"the","start":12777.394,"end":12777.426},{"text":"state","start":12777.426,"end":12777.732},{"text":"is","start":12777.732,"end":12777.781},{"text":"held","start":12777.877,"end":12778.199},{"text":"internationally","start":12778.215,"end":12778.908},{"text":"liable.","start":12778.924,"end":12779.407}]},{"text":"To manage responsibility below the state level, we recommend standardizing procurement frameworks, first nationally, then internationally.","start":12780.051,"end":12788.709,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":12780.051,"end":12780.132},{"text":"manage","start":12780.132,"end":12780.454},{"text":"responsibility","start":12780.535,"end":12781.324},{"text":"below","start":12781.436,"end":12781.759},{"text":"the","start":12781.759,"end":12781.855},{"text":"state","start":12781.855,"end":12783.111},{"text":"level,","start":12783.45,"end":12783.723},{"text":"we","start":12783.836,"end":12783.933},{"text":"recommend","start":12783.997,"end":12784.384},{"text":"standardizing","start":12784.416,"end":12785.237},{"text":"procurement","start":12785.27,"end":12785.786},{"text":"frameworks,","start":12785.786,"end":12786.626},{"text":"first","start":12786.901,"end":12787.175},{"text":"nationally,","start":12787.175,"end":12787.611},{"text":"then","start":12787.708,"end":12787.854},{"text":"internationally.","start":12787.886,"end":12788.709}]},{"text":"Contracts between operators and developers should include provisions such as risk identification, testing, indemnification, and post-deployment performance.","start":12789.178,"end":12799.759,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Contracts","start":12789.178,"end":12789.905},{"text":"between","start":12789.905,"end":12790.276},{"text":"operators","start":12790.373,"end":12790.922},{"text":"and","start":12791.019,"end":12791.084},{"text":"developers","start":12791.116,"end":12791.73},{"text":"should","start":12792.158,"end":12792.417},{"text":"include","start":12792.482,"end":12792.789},{"text":"provisions","start":12792.821,"end":12793.387},{"text":"such","start":12793.387,"end":12793.759},{"text":"as","start":12794.099,"end":12794.245},{"text":"risk","start":12794.762,"end":12795.005},{"text":"identification,","start":12795.005,"end":12795.862},{"text":"testing,","start":12796.137,"end":12796.654},{"text":"indemnification,","start":12796.784,"end":12797.802},{"text":"and","start":12798.061,"end":12798.304},{"text":"post-deployment","start":12798.32,"end":12799.112},{"text":"performance.","start":12799.112,"end":12799.759}]},{"text":"Initiatives such as the European Commission's AI procurement clauses and the United States Office of Management and Budget Memorandum M2418 offer useful precedents.","start":12800.342,"end":12811.178,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Initiatives","start":12800.342,"end":12800.794},{"text":"such","start":12800.827,"end":12801.069},{"text":"as","start":12801.069,"end":12801.199},{"text":"the","start":12801.28,"end":12801.36},{"text":"European","start":12801.376,"end":12801.682},{"text":"Commission's","start":12801.779,"end":12802.31},{"text":"AI","start":12802.584,"end":12802.794},{"text":"procurement","start":12803.003,"end":12803.454},{"text":"clauses","start":12803.486,"end":12804.018},{"text":"and","start":12804.372,"end":12804.437},{"text":"the","start":12804.517,"end":12804.598},{"text":"United","start":12804.598,"end":12805.001},{"text":"States","start":12805.001,"end":12805.484},{"text":"Office","start":12805.565,"end":12805.838},{"text":"of","start":12805.838,"end":12805.903},{"text":"Management","start":12805.903,"end":12806.386},{"text":"and","start":12806.386,"end":12806.547},{"text":"Budget","start":12806.547,"end":12806.998},{"text":"Memorandum","start":12807.111,"end":12807.643},{"text":"M2418","start":12807.981,"end":12809.576},{"text":"offer","start":12809.995,"end":12810.123},{"text":"useful","start":12810.237,"end":12810.561},{"text":"precedents.","start":12810.642,"end":12811.178}]},{"text":"Next, please.","start":12811.632,"end":12812.086,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":12811.632,"end":12811.843},{"text":"please.","start":12811.859,"end":12812.086}]},{"text":"Our report also addresses international humanitarian law.","start":12813.644,"end":12817.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":12813.644,"end":12813.741},{"text":"report","start":12813.741,"end":12814.342},{"text":"also","start":12814.471,"end":12814.731},{"text":"addresses","start":12814.731,"end":12815.169},{"text":"international","start":12815.283,"end":12816.143},{"text":"humanitarian","start":12816.159,"end":12817.116},{"text":"law.","start":12817.149,"end":12817.23}]},{"text":"Referencing the Geneva Conventions and the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, which establish the principles of distinction, proportionality, and necessity to guide AI design and deployment.","start":12817.638,"end":12830.718,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Referencing","start":12817.638,"end":12818.153},{"text":"the","start":12818.249,"end":12818.345},{"text":"Geneva","start":12818.345,"end":12818.747},{"text":"Conventions","start":12818.747,"end":12819.518},{"text":"and","start":12819.711,"end":12819.952},{"text":"the","start":12819.952,"end":12820.017},{"text":"Convention","start":12820.097,"end":12820.724},{"text":"on","start":12820.9,"end":12820.965},{"text":"Certain","start":12821.061,"end":12821.447},{"text":"Conventional","start":12821.543,"end":12822.347},{"text":"Weapons,","start":12822.347,"end":12822.732},{"text":"which","start":12823.166,"end":12823.295},{"text":"establish","start":12823.343,"end":12823.873},{"text":"the","start":12823.953,"end":12824.05},{"text":"principles","start":12824.05,"end":12824.66},{"text":"of","start":12824.837,"end":12824.998},{"text":"distinction,","start":12824.998,"end":12825.592},{"text":"proportionality,","start":12826.042,"end":12826.91},{"text":"and","start":12827.167,"end":12827.328},{"text":"necessity","start":12827.328,"end":12827.955},{"text":"to","start":12828.131,"end":12828.244},{"text":"guide","start":12828.244,"end":12828.501},{"text":"AI","start":12829.015,"end":12829.224},{"text":"design","start":12829.336,"end":12829.963},{"text":"and","start":12830.06,"end":12830.14},{"text":"deployment.","start":12830.156,"end":12830.718}]},{"text":"The dual-use nature of space technologies requires protecting civilian infrastructure and ensuring accountability.","start":12831.763,"end":12838.801,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":12831.763,"end":12831.843},{"text":"dual-use","start":12831.907,"end":12832.47},{"text":"nature","start":12832.47,"end":12832.807},{"text":"of","start":12832.807,"end":12832.888},{"text":"space","start":12832.888,"end":12833.273},{"text":"technologies","start":12833.273,"end":12834.061},{"text":"requires","start":12834.655,"end":12835.025},{"text":"protecting","start":12835.121,"end":12835.491},{"text":"civilian","start":12835.523,"end":12836.069},{"text":"infrastructure","start":12836.182,"end":12837.242},{"text":"and","start":12837.532,"end":12837.612},{"text":"ensuring","start":12837.692,"end":12838.078},{"text":"accountability.","start":12838.174,"end":12838.801}]},{"text":"We emphasize enforceable standards of meaningful human control.","start":12839.556,"end":12843.075,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":12839.556,"end":12839.701},{"text":"emphasize","start":12839.781,"end":12840.327},{"text":"enforceable","start":12840.585,"end":12841.179},{"text":"standards","start":12841.179,"end":12841.693},{"text":"of","start":12841.79,"end":12841.854},{"text":"meaningful","start":12841.886,"end":12842.368},{"text":"human","start":12842.368,"end":12842.69},{"text":"control.","start":12842.69,"end":12843.075}]},{"text":"Particularly in high-risk settings.","start":12843.252,"end":12845.223,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Particularly","start":12843.252,"end":12843.941},{"text":"in","start":12844.117,"end":12844.165},{"text":"high-risk","start":12844.213,"end":12844.79},{"text":"settings.","start":12844.79,"end":12845.223}]},{"text":"This includes supervisory control, pre-deployment reviews, and escalation protocols that automatically flag sensitive, ambiguous, or high-impact decisions for human review.","start":12845.816,"end":12856.632,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":12845.816,"end":12846.04},{"text":"includes","start":12846.04,"end":12846.409},{"text":"supervisory","start":12846.409,"end":12847.242},{"text":"control,","start":12847.242,"end":12847.546},{"text":"pre-deployment","start":12848.059,"end":12848.668},{"text":"reviews,","start":12848.684,"end":12849.149},{"text":"and","start":12849.341,"end":12849.469},{"text":"escalation","start":12849.581,"end":12850.303},{"text":"protocols","start":12850.303,"end":12850.831},{"text":"that","start":12851.184,"end":12851.328},{"text":"automatically","start":12851.408,"end":12851.953},{"text":"flag","start":12851.985,"end":12852.29},{"text":"sensitive,","start":12852.45,"end":12853.027},{"text":"ambiguous,","start":12853.331,"end":12854.004},{"text":"or","start":12854.405,"end":12854.501},{"text":"high-impact","start":12854.533,"end":12855.158},{"text":"decisions","start":12855.174,"end":12855.719},{"text":"for","start":12855.831,"end":12855.991},{"text":"human","start":12855.991,"end":12856.248},{"text":"review.","start":12856.312,"end":12856.632}]},{"text":"Our research highlights practical limits to MHC in space, such as automation bias and black box opacity.","start":12857.498,"end":12865.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":12857.498,"end":12857.546},{"text":"research","start":12857.578,"end":12858.475},{"text":"highlights","start":12858.539,"end":12859.1},{"text":"practical","start":12859.1,"end":12859.629},{"text":"limits","start":12859.661,"end":12860.142},{"text":"to","start":12860.142,"end":12860.286},{"text":"MHC","start":12860.302,"end":12861.295},{"text":"in","start":12861.52,"end":12861.6},{"text":"space,","start":12861.6,"end":12861.968},{"text":"such","start":12862.321,"end":12862.449},{"text":"as","start":12862.545,"end":12862.609},{"text":"automation","start":12862.866,"end":12863.443},{"text":"bias","start":12863.443,"end":12863.955},{"text":"and","start":12864.068,"end":12864.164},{"text":"black","start":12864.164,"end":12864.452},{"text":"box","start":12864.484,"end":12864.677},{"text":"opacity.","start":12864.741,"end":12865.35}]},{"text":"To reinforce safeguards, we, we call for integrating explainable AI into critical functions like collision avoidance and on-orbit servicing, supported by traceability dashboards and tiered human oversight.","start":12866.007,"end":12880.949,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":12866.007,"end":12866.135},{"text":"reinforce","start":12866.151,"end":12866.664},{"text":"safeguards,","start":12866.664,"end":12867.337},{"text":"we,","start":12867.449,"end":12867.609},{"text":"we","start":12868.41,"end":12868.571},{"text":"call","start":12868.571,"end":12868.779},{"text":"for","start":12868.875,"end":12868.987},{"text":"integrating","start":12869.18,"end":12869.741},{"text":"explainable","start":12869.918,"end":12870.448},{"text":"AI","start":12870.641,"end":12870.914},{"text":"into","start":12871.122,"end":12871.315},{"text":"critical","start":12871.363,"end":12871.813},{"text":"functions","start":12871.861,"end":12872.6},{"text":"like","start":12872.728,"end":12873.049},{"text":"collision","start":12873.451,"end":12873.772},{"text":"avoidance","start":12873.772,"end":12874.334},{"text":"and","start":12874.334,"end":12874.558},{"text":"on-orbit","start":12874.575,"end":12875.153},{"text":"servicing,","start":12875.153,"end":12875.682},{"text":"supported","start":12876.1,"end":12876.566},{"text":"by","start":12876.598,"end":12877.111},{"text":"traceability","start":12877.32,"end":12878.091},{"text":"dashboards","start":12878.187,"end":12878.894},{"text":"and","start":12879.07,"end":12879.215},{"text":"tiered","start":12879.247,"end":12879.793},{"text":"human","start":12879.793,"end":12880.194},{"text":"oversight.","start":12880.355,"end":12880.949}]},{"text":"Ethical deployment also requires diverse training data, strong data governance, and fail-safes to prevent unauthorized actions.","start":12881.8,"end":12889.973,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ethical","start":12881.8,"end":12882.121},{"text":"deployment","start":12882.121,"end":12882.763},{"text":"also","start":12882.763,"end":12883.101},{"text":"requires","start":12883.101,"end":12883.711},{"text":"diverse","start":12883.823,"end":12884.417},{"text":"training","start":12884.465,"end":12884.835},{"text":"data,","start":12884.947,"end":12885.349},{"text":"strong","start":12885.605,"end":12885.959},{"text":"data","start":12886.071,"end":12886.424},{"text":"governance,","start":12886.472,"end":12887.067},{"text":"and","start":12887.356,"end":12887.42},{"text":"fail-safes","start":12887.5,"end":12888.174},{"text":"to","start":12888.303,"end":12888.415},{"text":"prevent","start":12888.463,"end":12888.865},{"text":"unauthorized","start":12888.865,"end":12889.587},{"text":"actions.","start":12889.587,"end":12889.973}]},{"text":"We recommend expanding and harmonizing existing non-binding frameworks such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's AI principles and the European Commission's ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI to support global alignment.","start":12890.711,"end":12906.372,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":12890.711,"end":12890.808},{"text":"recommend","start":12890.808,"end":12891.193},{"text":"expanding","start":12891.193,"end":12891.739},{"text":"and","start":12891.787,"end":12891.916},{"text":"harmonizing","start":12891.916,"end":12892.542},{"text":"existing","start":12892.654,"end":12893.184},{"text":"non-binding","start":12893.377,"end":12894.051},{"text":"frameworks","start":12894.099,"end":12894.95},{"text":"such","start":12894.822,"end":12895.031},{"text":"as","start":12895.127,"end":12895.192},{"text":"the","start":12895.288,"end":12895.385},{"text":"Organization","start":12895.385,"end":12896.124},{"text":"for","start":12896.188,"end":12896.333},{"text":"Economic","start":12896.333,"end":12896.895},{"text":"Cooperation","start":12896.895,"end":12897.587},{"text":"and","start":12897.619,"end":12897.715},{"text":"Development's","start":12897.715,"end":12898.471},{"text":"AI","start":12898.664,"end":12898.873},{"text":"principles","start":12898.985,"end":12899.612},{"text":"and","start":12900.11,"end":12900.207},{"text":"the","start":12900.207,"end":12900.351},{"text":"European","start":12900.367,"end":12900.962},{"text":"Commission's","start":12901.075,"end":12901.669},{"text":"ethics","start":12901.83,"end":12902.216},{"text":"guidelines","start":12902.216,"end":12902.955},{"text":"for","start":12903.1,"end":12903.293},{"text":"trustworthy","start":12903.648,"end":12904.361},{"text":"AI","start":12904.459,"end":12904.669},{"text":"to","start":12905.107,"end":12905.205},{"text":"support","start":12905.205,"end":12905.594},{"text":"global","start":12905.594,"end":12905.934},{"text":"alignment.","start":12905.934,"end":12906.372}]},{"text":"Next, 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risks— bias, overreach, and inaccuracy— can be mitigated to a certain extent through pseudonymization, encryption, and data protection impact 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please.","start":12963.755,"end":12964.207,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":12963.755,"end":12963.949},{"text":"please.","start":12963.981,"end":12964.207}]},{"text":"Regarding export controls, um, in telecommunications, the rise of AI-driven systems call for updated international standards, particularly within the ITU radio regulations covering spectrum allocation, interference management, and automated communications decision-making.","start":12965.74,"end":12985.372,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Regarding","start":12965.74,"end":12965.988},{"text":"export","start":12966.004,"end":12966.369},{"text":"controls,","start":12966.418,"end":12966.981},{"text":"um,","start":12969.54,"end":12969.704},{"text":"in","start":12970.458,"end":12970.557},{"text":"telecommunications,","start":12970.557,"end":12971.508},{"text":"the","start":12971.558,"end":12971.705},{"text":"rise","start":12971.705,"end":12971.919},{"text":"of","start":12972.017,"end":12972.165},{"text":"AI-driven","start":12972.263,"end":12973.051},{"text":"systems","start":12973.1,"end":12973.806},{"text":"call","start":12973.693,"end":12973.887},{"text":"for","start":12974,"end":12974.21},{"text":"updated","start":12974.421,"end":12974.858},{"text":"international","start":12974.987,"end":12975.699},{"text":"standards,","start":12975.699,"end":12976.249},{"text":"particularly","start":12976.767,"end":12977.381},{"text":"within","start":12977.414,"end":12977.705},{"text":"the","start":12977.721,"end":12977.802},{"text":"ITU","start":12977.883,"end":12978.158},{"text":"radio","start":12978.449,"end":12978.789},{"text":"regulations","start":12978.789,"end":12979.566},{"text":"covering","start":12979.824,"end":12980.132},{"text":"spectrum","start":12980.18,"end":12980.698},{"text":"allocation,","start":12980.876,"end":12981.588},{"text":"interference","start":12982.106,"end":12982.672},{"text":"management,","start":12982.672,"end":12983.186},{"text":"and","start":12983.299,"end":12983.379},{"text":"automated","start":12983.459,"end":12983.925},{"text":"communications","start":12983.942,"end":12984.649},{"text":"decision-making.","start":12984.665,"end":12985.372}]},{"text":"We recommend establishing an ITU-R task force to develop standards tailored to AI-enabled state satellite 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please.","start":12994.358,"end":12994.732,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":12994.358,"end":12994.553},{"text":"please.","start":12994.57,"end":12994.732}]},{"text":"Regarding export controls, the report highlights challenges in regulating AI's dual-use capabilities under current regimes.","start":13002.589,"end":13008.136,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Regarding","start":13002.589,"end":13003.042},{"text":"export","start":13003.058,"end":13003.398},{"text":"controls,","start":13003.398,"end":13003.737},{"text":"the","start":13003.786,"end":13003.867},{"text":"report","start":13003.867,"end":13004.158},{"text":"highlights","start":13004.19,"end":13004.562},{"text":"challenges","start":13004.675,"end":13005.063},{"text":"in","start":13005.096,"end":13005.193},{"text":"regulating","start":13005.241,"end":13005.71},{"text":"AI's","start":13005.807,"end":13006.147},{"text":"dual-use","start":13006.147,"end":13006.616},{"text":"capabilities","start":13006.616,"end":13007.165},{"text":"under","start":13007.262,"end":13007.505},{"text":"current","start":13007.505,"end":13007.731},{"text":"regimes.","start":13007.764,"end":13008.136}]},{"text":"We recommend developing AI-specific control lists, licensing risk matrices, and stronger end-use monitoring.","start":13008.491,"end":13014.913,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":13008.491,"end":13008.637},{"text":"recommend","start":13008.637,"end":13009.025},{"text":"developing","start":13009.057,"end":13009.51},{"text":"AI-specific","start":13009.769,"end":13010.432},{"text":"control","start":13010.432,"end":13010.755},{"text":"lists,","start":13010.755,"end":13011.078},{"text":"licensing","start":13011.37,"end":13012.336},{"text":"risk","start":13012.433,"end":13012.69},{"text":"matrices,","start":13012.69,"end":13013.303},{"text":"and","start":13013.576,"end":13013.657},{"text":"stronger","start":13013.657,"end":13014.027},{"text":"end-use","start":13014.124,"end":13014.462},{"text":"monitoring.","start":13014.462,"end":13014.913}]},{"text":"A bottom-up harmonization strategy beginning with national measures aligned to international norms can reduce fragmentation while preserving security and 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please.","start":13024.235,"end":13024.608,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next,","start":13024.235,"end":13024.446},{"text":"please.","start":13024.479,"end":13024.608}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"To address the space debris mitigation and sustainability implications of AI in orbit, we recommend establishing a working group on AI governance in space within the legal subcommittee of UN 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body could develop phased legal and technical guidance for debris mitigation, satellite maneuvering, and automated operations modeled similarly to the Space Resources working 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existing mechanisms such as the Global Navigation Satellite Systems and the Joint Authorities for Rulemaking of Unmanned Systems could support near-term coordination and interoperability for AI-enabled 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these efforts may lead to a space traffic management authority modeled on the International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Maritime 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the work of the Legal Subcommittee.","start":13145.491,"end":13151.806,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Developed","start":13145.491,"end":13146.04},{"text":"within","start":13146.04,"end":13146.282},{"text":"ISL,","start":13146.379,"end":13146.912},{"text":"the","start":13147.364,"end":13147.429},{"text":"report","start":13147.429,"end":13147.897},{"text":"is","start":13148.155,"end":13148.22},{"text":"intended","start":13148.333,"end":13148.753},{"text":"to","start":13148.753,"end":13148.834},{"text":"support","start":13148.882,"end":13149.286},{"text":"and","start":13149.706,"end":13149.771},{"text":"inform","start":13149.803,"end":13150.239},{"text":"the","start":13150.352,"end":13150.433},{"text":"work","start":13150.498,"end":13150.756},{"text":"of","start":13150.756,"end":13150.837},{"text":"the","start":13150.837,"end":13150.918},{"text":"Legal","start":13150.918,"end":13151.241},{"text":"Subcommittee.","start":13151.241,"end":13151.806}]},{"text":"I would like to conclude with a 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you for your kind attention.","start":13186.82,"end":13188.179,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":13186.82,"end":13186.949},{"text":"you","start":13186.982,"end":13187.079},{"text":"for","start":13187.079,"end":13187.241},{"text":"your","start":13187.241,"end":13187.516},{"text":"kind","start":13187.564,"end":13187.871},{"text":"attention.","start":13187.871,"end":13188.179}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IISL","affiliation_full":"IISL","group":null,"function":"Chair, Working Group on Legal Aspects of AI in Space"}},{"statement_number":87,"start":13191.275,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1r/k1ry0elblg?lang=en&t=13192","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Muchas gracias por esta interesante ponencia y con la que ponemos fin a esta sesión de esta 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y delegados, a continuación Vamos a levantar la sesión, pero, como es habitual, quiero informar a los delegados del calendario de trabajo para esta 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reuniremos puntualmente a las 15 horas y continuaremos el examen del tema 3 del programa, Intercambio General de 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petición de la Argentina, reabriremos el tema 5 del programa, de aplicación de los cinco tratados de Naciones Unidas relativas al espacio ultraterrestre y medios para promover su aplicación, incluida la creación de 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también el tema siete del programa sobre función futura y método de trabajo de la Comisión para invitar a Italia, que ha liderado las cuestiones oficiosas junto con Marruecos sobre Unispace Four, a informar sobre los resultados de esas consultas.","start":13243.28,"end":13261.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Reabriremos","start":13243.28,"end":13243.78},{"text":"también","start":13243.78,"end":13244.06},{"text":"el","start":13244.06,"end":13244.2},{"text":"tema","start":13244.2,"end":13244.38},{"text":"siete","start":13244.38,"end":13244.78},{"text":"del","start":13244.78,"end":13244.98},{"text":"programa","start":13244.98,"end":13245.48},{"text":"sobre","start":13245.48,"end":13246.22},{"text":"función","start":13246.22,"end":13246.76},{"text":"futura","start":13246.76,"end":13247.36},{"text":"y","start":13247.36,"end":13247.5},{"text":"método","start":13247.5,"end":13247.8},{"text":"de","start":13247.8,"end":13247.98},{"text":"trabajo","start":13247.98,"end":13248.36},{"text":"de","start":13248.36,"end":13248.5},{"text":"la","start":13248.5,"end":13248.6},{"text":"Comisión","start":13248.6,"end":13249.04},{"text":"para","start":13249.04,"end":13249.34},{"text":"invitar","start":13249.34,"end":13249.78},{"text":"a","start":13249.78,"end":13249.96},{"text":"Italia,","start":13249.96,"end":13250.71},{"text":"que","start":13251.24,"end":13251.26},{"text":"ha","start":13251.26,"end":13251.4},{"text":"liderado","start":13251.4,"end":13251.86},{"text":"las","start":13251.86,"end":13252.1},{"text":"cuestiones","start":13252.1,"end":13252.48},{"text":"oficiosas","start":13252.48,"end":13253.18},{"text":"junto","start":13253.18,"end":13253.46},{"text":"con","start":13253.46,"end":13253.82},{"text":"Marruecos","start":13253.82,"end":13254.42},{"text":"sobre","start":13254.42,"end":13255.48},{"text":"Unispace","start":13255.48,"end":13256.24},{"text":"Four,","start":13256.24,"end":13257.12},{"text":"a","start":13257.12,"end":13257.22},{"text":"informar","start":13257.22,"end":13258.06},{"text":"sobre","start":13258.06,"end":13258.32},{"text":"los","start":13258.34,"end":13258.48},{"text":"resultados","start":13258.48,"end":13259.08},{"text":"de","start":13259.08,"end":13259.36},{"text":"esas","start":13259.36,"end":13259.86},{"text":"consultas.","start":13259.86,"end":13261.11}]},{"text":"Como informé ayer a las delegaciones, bajo el tema 8 del programa, que se titula Intercambio general de opiniones sobre posibles modelos de normas jurídicas sobre las actividades de exploración, explotación y utilización de los recursos espaciales, Egipto ha nominado al señor Ayman Ahmed director senior del programa espacial de la Agencia Espacial egipcia para la vicepresidencia del Grupo de Trabajo sobre los Aspectos Jurídicos de las Actividades Relacionadas con los Recursos Espaciales.","start":13261.92,"end":13295.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Como","start":13261.92,"end":13261.94},{"text":"informé","start":13261.94,"end":13262.54},{"text":"ayer","start":13262.54,"end":13262.78},{"text":"a","start":13262.78,"end":13262.9},{"text":"las","start":13262.9,"end":13263.06},{"text":"delegaciones,","start":13263.06,"end":13263.66},{"text":"bajo","start":13264.42,"end":13264.52},{"text":"el","start":13264.52,"end":13264.68},{"text":"tema","start":13264.68,"end":13264.86},{"text":"8","start":13264.86,"end":13265.34},{"text":"del","start":13265.34,"end":13265.68},{"text":"programa,","start":13265.68,"end":13266.529},{"text":"que","start":13267.28,"end":13267.3},{"text":"se","start":13267.3,"end":13267.56},{"text":"titula","start":13267.56,"end":13267.82},{"text":"Intercambio","start":13267.82,"end":13268.26},{"text":"general","start":13268.26,"end":13268.6},{"text":"de","start":13268.6,"end":13268.78},{"text":"opiniones","start":13268.78,"end":13269.22},{"text":"sobre","start":13269.22,"end":13269.46},{"text":"posibles","start":13269.46,"end":13269.96},{"text":"modelos","start":13269.96,"end":13270.4},{"text":"de","start":13270.4,"end":13270.54},{"text":"normas","start":13270.54,"end":13270.84},{"text":"jurídicas","start":13270.84,"end":13271.92},{"text":"sobre","start":13271.92,"end":13272.36},{"text":"las","start":13272.36,"end":13272.64},{"text":"actividades","start":13272.64,"end":13273.1},{"text":"de","start":13273.1,"end":13273.42},{"text":"exploración,","start":13273.42,"end":13274.08},{"text":"explotación","start":13274.08,"end":13274.48},{"text":"y","start":13274.48,"end":13274.579},{"text":"utilización","start":13274.579,"end":13275.16},{"text":"de","start":13275.16,"end":13275.26},{"text":"los","start":13275.26,"end":13275.4},{"text":"recursos","start":13275.4,"end":13275.82},{"text":"espaciales,","start":13275.82,"end":13276.82},{"text":"Egipto","start":13277,"end":13277.82},{"text":"ha","start":13277.82,"end":13278.74},{"text":"nominado","start":13278.74,"end":13279.22},{"text":"al","start":13279.22,"end":13279.38},{"text":"señor","start":13279.38,"end":13279.82},{"text":"Ayman","start":13279.82,"end":13280.3},{"text":"Ahmed","start":13280.3,"end":13281},{"text":"director","start":13281,"end":13282.24},{"text":"senior","start":13282.24,"end":13283.06},{"text":"del","start":13283.06,"end":13283.3},{"text":"programa","start":13283.3,"end":13283.68},{"text":"espacial","start":13283.68,"end":13284.22},{"text":"de","start":13284.22,"end":13284.4},{"text":"la","start":13284.4,"end":13284.56},{"text":"Agencia","start":13284.56,"end":13284.92},{"text":"Espacial","start":13284.95,"end":13285.77},{"text":"egipcia","start":13285.77,"end":13286.97},{"text":"para","start":13286.97,"end":13287.35},{"text":"la","start":13287.35,"end":13287.57},{"text":"vicepresidencia","start":13287.57,"end":13288.17},{"text":"del","start":13288.17,"end":13288.35},{"text":"Grupo","start":13288.35,"end":13288.49},{"text":"de","start":13288.49,"end":13288.65},{"text":"Trabajo","start":13288.65,"end":13289.55},{"text":"sobre","start":13289.55,"end":13289.91},{"text":"los","start":13289.91,"end":13290.17},{"text":"Aspectos","start":13290.17,"end":13290.63},{"text":"Jurídicos","start":13290.63,"end":13291.83},{"text":"de","start":13291.83,"end":13292.09},{"text":"las","start":13292.09,"end":13292.25},{"text":"Actividades","start":13292.25,"end":13292.67},{"text":"Relacionadas","start":13292.67,"end":13293.27},{"text":"con","start":13293.27,"end":13293.47},{"text":"los","start":13293.47,"end":13293.59},{"text":"Recursos","start":13293.59,"end":13294.25},{"text":"Espaciales.","start":13294.25,"end":13295.61}]},{"text":"Ayer escuchamos a varias delegaciones solicitar el currículum vitae del señor Ahmed, que ya se encuentra disponible en la página web.","start":13295.61,"end":13306.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ayer","start":13295.61,"end":13295.95},{"text":"escuchamos","start":13295.95,"end":13297.15},{"text":"a","start":13297.15,"end":13297.15},{"text":"varias","start":13297.15,"end":13297.47},{"text":"delegaciones","start":13297.47,"end":13298.17},{"text":"solicitar","start":13298.17,"end":13299.37},{"text":"el","start":13299.37,"end":13300.49},{"text":"currículum","start":13300.49,"end":13300.91},{"text":"vitae","start":13300.91,"end":13301.81},{"text":"del","start":13301.81,"end":13302.03},{"text":"señor","start":13302.03,"end":13302.89},{"text":"Ahmed,","start":13302.89,"end":13304.05},{"text":"que","start":13304.05,"end":13304.05},{"text":"ya","start":13304.05,"end":13304.25},{"text":"se","start":13304.25,"end":13304.33},{"text":"encuentra","start":13304.33,"end":13304.85},{"text":"disponible","start":13304.85,"end":13305.43},{"text":"en","start":13305.43,"end":13305.57},{"text":"la","start":13305.57,"end":13305.67},{"text":"página","start":13305.67,"end":13306.01},{"text":"web.","start":13306.01,"end":13306.51}]},{"text":"La subcomisión tratará formalmente sobre esta cuestión esta tarde durante el examen del tema 8 para tomar una acción, una decisión sobre la vicepresidencia del grupo de trabajo.","start":13307.45,"end":13320.36,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"La","start":13307.45,"end":13307.67},{"text":"subcomisión","start":13307.67,"end":13308.27},{"text":"tratará","start":13308.27,"end":13308.77},{"text":"formalmente","start":13308.77,"end":13309.41},{"text":"sobre","start":13309.41,"end":13309.63},{"text":"esta","start":13309.63,"end":13309.87},{"text":"cuestión","start":13309.87,"end":13310.31},{"text":"esta","start":13310.48,"end":13310.7},{"text":"tarde","start":13310.7,"end":13311.06},{"text":"durante","start":13311.06,"end":13311.34},{"text":"el","start":13311.34,"end":13311.64},{"text":"examen","start":13311.64,"end":13311.86},{"text":"del","start":13311.86,"end":13312.06},{"text":"tema","start":13312.06,"end":13312.28},{"text":"8","start":13312.28,"end":13312.84},{"text":"para","start":13312.84,"end":13313.54},{"text":"tomar","start":13313.54,"end":13314.08},{"text":"una","start":13314.08,"end":13315.28},{"text":"acción,","start":13315.28,"end":13315.98},{"text":"una","start":13315.98,"end":13315.98},{"text":"decisión","start":13315.98,"end":13316.48},{"text":"sobre","start":13316.48,"end":13317.16},{"text":"la","start":13317.16,"end":13317.6},{"text":"vicepresidencia","start":13317.6,"end":13318.519},{"text":"del","start":13318.519,"end":13318.84},{"text":"grupo","start":13318.84,"end":13319.06},{"text":"de","start":13319.06,"end":13319.26},{"text":"trabajo.","start":13319.26,"end":13320.36}]},{"text":"También continuaremos con el examen del tema 11 del programa, intercambio general de opiniones sobre los aspectos jurídicos de la gestión del tráfico espacial, para tomar una decisión con relación a la propuesta de Alemania Alemania y de otras delegaciones para crear un grupo de estudio sobre los aspectos jurídicos y normativos del tráfico 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con el examen del tema 13 del programa, propuestas a la Comisión sobre la utilización del espacio ultraterrestre con fines pacíficos de nuevos temas para que la subcomisión pase a considerarlos en sus 35 periodo de 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esta sesión de esta tarde no habrá ponencias técnicas.","start":13379.86,"end":13386.54,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"En","start":13379.86,"end":13380.04},{"text":"esta","start":13380.04,"end":13380.34},{"text":"sesión","start":13380.34,"end":13381.74},{"text":"de","start":13381.74,"end":13382.08},{"text":"esta","start":13382.08,"end":13382.72},{"text":"tarde","start":13382.72,"end":13383.16},{"text":"no","start":13383.16,"end":13383.5},{"text":"habrá","start":13383.5,"end":13384.52},{"text":"ponencias","start":13384.52,"end":13385.12},{"text":"técnicas.","start":13385.12,"end":13386.54}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","affiliation_full":"COPUOS Legal Subcommittee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":88,"start":13386.54,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1r/k1ry0elblg?lang=en&t=13387","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Señoría, una 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alguna pregunta sobre este cronograma?","start":13434.53,"end":13438.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"¿Hay","start":13434.53,"end":13435.13},{"text":"alguna","start":13435.13,"end":13435.41},{"text":"pregunta","start":13435.41,"end":13435.93},{"text":"sobre","start":13435.93,"end":13436.59},{"text":"este","start":13436.59,"end":13438.15},{"text":"cronograma?","start":13438.15,"end":13438.89}]},{"text":"Muy bien.","start":13440.58,"end":13440.901,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Muy","start":13440.58,"end":13440.628},{"text":"bien.","start":13440.676,"end":13440.901}]},{"text":"Como no hay preguntas, no parece haber ninguna pregunta, distinguidas delegadas y delegados, levantamos la sesión hasta las 15 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The discussion covered how the fund will work, earmarking, donor outreach, and its role in supporting UNOOSA projects and operations."},{"key":"office-reform","label":"Reform of UNOOSA","description":"A number of interventions addressed whether UNOOSA’s current structure is fit for purpose given the growth of space activities and COPUOS mandates. This included discussion of the Office’s strategic review, proposed reorganization, and the need for stronger support from UN budget decision-makers in New York."},{"key":"unoosa-funding","label":"UNOOSA Funding Crisis","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed the liquidity shortfall and regular budget cuts affecting the UN Office for Outer Space Affairs. 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