{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/es/asset/k1x/k1xn3gp27b?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/es/asset/k1x/k1xn3gp27b.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k1x/k1xn3gp27b","kaltura_id":"1_xn3gp27b","title":"Carl Skau (WFP) on conflict and hunger - Security Council Media Stakeout","clean_title":"Carl Skau (WFP) on conflict and hunger - Security Council Media Stakeout","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1x/k1xn3gp27b","date":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-08-25T17:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"00:07:29","category":"Media Stakeouts","body":null,"event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":null,"pv_symbol":null,"pv_part":null,"slug":"asset/k1x/k1xn3gp27b"},"metadata":{"summary":"Informal comments to the media by Carl Skau, WFP Acting Executive Director, following his remarks during the open debate on conflict and hunger/Resolution 2417.","description":null,"categories":["Media","Media Stakeouts"],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":["FOOD","FOOD SECURITY","FOOD SHORTAGE","HUNGER","CONFLICT","ARMED CONFLICTS"],"corporate_name":[],"speaker_affiliation":["WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME - WFP"],"related_documents":[]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"azure-llm-speech-603f11e8-ea8a-4413-a043-747cd5788a49","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":2.15,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1x/k1xn3gp27b?lang=en&t=3","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Hi, good afternoon.","start":2.15,"end":3.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Hi,","start":2.15,"end":2.27},{"text":"good","start":3.03,"end":3.23},{"text":"afternoon.","start":3.23,"end":3.63}]},{"text":"We're delighted to have Karl Stang with us, who's the acting executive director of the World Food Program.","start":3.63,"end":8.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We're","start":3.63,"end":3.79},{"text":"delighted","start":3.79,"end":4.15},{"text":"to","start":4.15,"end":4.23},{"text":"have","start":4.23,"end":4.35},{"text":"Karl","start":4.35,"end":4.59},{"text":"Stang","start":4.59,"end":4.87},{"text":"with","start":4.91,"end":5.03},{"text":"us,","start":5.07,"end":5.19},{"text":"who's","start":5.19,"end":5.43},{"text":"the","start":5.63,"end":5.75},{"text":"acting","start":5.87,"end":6.35},{"text":"executive","start":6.43,"end":6.87},{"text":"director","start":6.87,"end":7.23},{"text":"of","start":7.23,"end":7.31},{"text":"the","start":7.31,"end":7.39},{"text":"World","start":7.39,"end":7.59},{"text":"Food","start":7.59,"end":7.71},{"text":"Program.","start":7.71,"end":8.23}]},{"text":"He just spoke to the council.","start":8.23,"end":9.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"He","start":8.23,"end":8.35},{"text":"just","start":8.35,"end":8.55},{"text":"spoke","start":8.55,"end":8.71},{"text":"to","start":8.71,"end":8.79},{"text":"the","start":8.79,"end":8.87},{"text":"council.","start":8.87,"end":9.39}]},{"text":"We'll say a few words and we'll take a few questions.","start":9.39,"end":11.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We'll","start":9.39,"end":9.63},{"text":"say","start":9.63,"end":9.75},{"text":"a","start":9.75,"end":9.79},{"text":"few","start":9.87,"end":9.99},{"text":"words","start":9.99,"end":10.23},{"text":"and","start":10.23,"end":10.35},{"text":"we'll","start":10.35,"end":10.59},{"text":"take","start":10.59,"end":10.71},{"text":"a","start":10.71,"end":10.75},{"text":"few","start":10.75,"end":10.87},{"text":"questions.","start":10.87,"end":11.31}]},{"text":"Karl.","start":11.71,"end":11.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Karl.","start":11.71,"end":11.91}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Stefan","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":2,"start":11.95,"pageUrl":"/es/asset/k1x/k1xn3gp27b?lang=en&t=12","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Stefan. Today I brought to the council what WFP frontline teams are witnessing every day.","start":11.95,"end":19.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":11.95,"end":12.19},{"text":"you,","start":12.19,"end":12.27},{"text":"Stefan.","start":12.27,"end":12.83},{"text":"Today","start":13.63,"end":14.03},{"text":"I","start":14.03,"end":14.11},{"text":"brought","start":14.11,"end":14.47},{"text":"to","start":14.47,"end":14.55},{"text":"the","start":14.55,"end":14.63},{"text":"council","start":14.63,"end":15.23},{"text":"what","start":15.67,"end":15.99},{"text":"WFP","start":15.99,"end":16.59},{"text":"frontline","start":16.59,"end":17.31},{"text":"teams","start":17.55,"end":18.03},{"text":"are","start":18.03,"end":18.11},{"text":"witnessing","start":18.11,"end":18.83},{"text":"every","start":18.83,"end":19.07},{"text":"day.","start":19.07,"end":19.39}]},{"text":"I've also had opportunity to visit many of those operations.","start":19.95,"end":23.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I've","start":19.95,"end":20.11},{"text":"also","start":20.11,"end":20.27},{"text":"had","start":20.27,"end":20.47},{"text":"opportunity","start":20.47,"end":21.31},{"text":"to","start":21.31,"end":21.47},{"text":"visit","start":21.47,"end":21.87},{"text":"many","start":21.87,"end":22.07},{"text":"of","start":22.07,"end":22.19},{"text":"those","start":22.19,"end":22.43},{"text":"operations.","start":22.43,"end":23.31}]},{"text":"So I spoke to the council about how hunger and conflict really looks in practice, how that cycle of hunger and conflict looks in practice, drawing from that firsthand experience during my visits, and that how this vicious cycle is now escalating, and that waiting for a famine being declared is a total failure of duty.","start":23.87,"end":49.15,"topics":[{"key":"famine-prevention","label":"Early Famine Prevention","description":"A major theme was the need to act before famine is formally declared, since declaration comes too late for many people. Speakers pointed to past near-famine situations as evidence that timely intervention and aid can prevent catastrophe."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":23.87,"end":24.43},{"text":"I","start":24.43,"end":24.83},{"text":"spoke","start":24.83,"end":25.19},{"text":"to","start":25.19,"end":25.31},{"text":"the","start":25.31,"end":25.39},{"text":"council","start":25.39,"end":25.83},{"text":"about","start":26.03,"end":26.39},{"text":"how","start":26.43,"end":26.75},{"text":"hunger","start":27.15,"end":27.79},{"text":"and","start":27.87,"end":28.11},{"text":"conflict","start":28.11,"end":28.83},{"text":"really","start":29.07,"end":29.47},{"text":"looks","start":29.47,"end":29.87},{"text":"in","start":30.59,"end":30.99},{"text":"practice,","start":30.99,"end":31.63},{"text":"how","start":31.63,"end":31.79},{"text":"that","start":31.79,"end":32.03},{"text":"cycle","start":32.03,"end":32.55},{"text":"of","start":32.55,"end":32.67},{"text":"hunger","start":32.67,"end":32.95},{"text":"and","start":32.95,"end":33.07},{"text":"conflict","start":33.07,"end":33.55},{"text":"looks","start":33.55,"end":33.79},{"text":"in","start":33.79,"end":33.95},{"text":"practice,","start":33.95,"end":34.51},{"text":"drawing","start":34.83,"end":35.15},{"text":"from","start":35.15,"end":35.39},{"text":"that","start":35.39,"end":35.71},{"text":"firsthand","start":35.71,"end":36.19},{"text":"experience","start":36.19,"end":36.83},{"text":"during","start":36.83,"end":37.07},{"text":"my","start":37.07,"end":37.31},{"text":"visits,","start":37.31,"end":37.95},{"text":"and","start":38.35,"end":38.55},{"text":"that","start":38.55,"end":38.91},{"text":"how","start":38.99,"end":39.31},{"text":"this","start":39.31,"end":39.63},{"text":"vicious","start":39.63,"end":40.07},{"text":"cycle","start":40.07,"end":40.59},{"text":"is","start":40.83,"end":41.07},{"text":"now","start":41.07,"end":41.39},{"text":"escalating,","start":41.47,"end":42.19},{"text":"and","start":43.47,"end":43.71},{"text":"that","start":43.71,"end":43.87},{"text":"waiting","start":43.87,"end":44.27},{"text":"for","start":44.27,"end":44.75},{"text":"a","start":44.99,"end":45.03},{"text":"famine","start":45.03,"end":45.47},{"text":"being","start":45.47,"end":45.71},{"text":"declared","start":45.71,"end":46.35},{"text":"is","start":46.67,"end":46.87},{"text":"a","start":46.87,"end":46.91},{"text":"total","start":46.91,"end":47.55},{"text":"failure","start":47.71,"end":48.43},{"text":"of","start":48.43,"end":48.67},{"text":"duty.","start":48.71,"end":49.15}]},{"text":"It should be a wake-up call for all, because when families don't have food to put on the table, they only have three choices or three options, and they're all terrible.","start":49.87,"end":59.71,"topics":[{"key":"acute-hunger","label":"Acute Hunger Crisis","description":"Speakers described a sharp worsening of global hunger, including rising food insecurity, starvation risks, and the human consequences for vulnerable families. The discussion framed hunger as an urgent international crisis rather than a chronic background condition."},{"key":"hunger-normalization","label":"Normalization of Hunger","description":"Another recurring topic was the danger that the world is becoming accustomed to mass hunger and less responsive to warning signs. Speakers explicitly rejected accepting hunger as normal and called for renewed urgency and public attention."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":49.87,"end":49.99},{"text":"should","start":49.99,"end":50.15},{"text":"be","start":50.15,"end":50.27},{"text":"a","start":50.27,"end":50.31},{"text":"wake-up","start":50.31,"end":50.75},{"text":"call","start":50.75,"end":51.07},{"text":"for","start":51.07,"end":51.47},{"text":"all,","start":51.47,"end":51.55},{"text":"because","start":52.11,"end":52.43},{"text":"when","start":52.43,"end":52.59},{"text":"families","start":52.59,"end":53.39},{"text":"don't","start":53.39,"end":53.71},{"text":"have","start":53.71,"end":53.87},{"text":"food","start":53.87,"end":54.15},{"text":"to","start":54.15,"end":54.23},{"text":"put","start":54.27,"end":54.43},{"text":"on","start":54.43,"end":54.51},{"text":"the","start":54.51,"end":54.63},{"text":"table,","start":54.63,"end":55.15},{"text":"they","start":55.55,"end":55.71},{"text":"only","start":55.71,"end":55.95},{"text":"have","start":55.95,"end":56.19},{"text":"three","start":56.19,"end":56.67},{"text":"choices","start":56.83,"end":57.55},{"text":"or","start":57.71,"end":57.87},{"text":"three","start":57.87,"end":58.11},{"text":"options,","start":58.11,"end":58.67},{"text":"and","start":58.67,"end":58.79},{"text":"they're","start":58.79,"end":58.95},{"text":"all","start":58.95,"end":59.07},{"text":"terrible.","start":59.07,"end":59.71}]},{"text":"Starve, move, or rebel.","start":60.19,"end":62.83,"topics":[{"key":"acute-hunger","label":"Acute Hunger Crisis","description":"Speakers described a sharp worsening of global hunger, including rising food insecurity, starvation risks, and the human consequences for vulnerable families. The discussion framed hunger as an urgent international crisis rather than a chronic background condition."}],"words":[{"text":"Starve,","start":60.19,"end":60.79},{"text":"move,","start":61.47,"end":61.87},{"text":"or","start":62.27,"end":62.47},{"text":"rebel.","start":62.47,"end":62.83}]},{"text":"Today, I also flagged a new dimension, that the double choking point that many have been speaking about, the Hormuz and the Red Sea, is now a triple choking point, adding the escalation in the Black Sea.","start":64.67,"end":79.39,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-chokepoints","label":"Maritime Chokepoints and Grain Exports","description":"The statements highlighted the risks posed by disruptions in the Red Sea, Hormuz, and especially the Black Sea for global food supply chains. Reviving or supporting arrangements that keep grain exports moving was presented as critical for food security."}],"words":[{"text":"Today,","start":64.67,"end":64.91},{"text":"I","start":64.91,"end":65.07},{"text":"also","start":65.07,"end":65.39},{"text":"flagged","start":65.39,"end":65.83},{"text":"a","start":65.95,"end":66.03},{"text":"new","start":66.03,"end":66.35},{"text":"dimension,","start":66.35,"end":67.07},{"text":"that","start":67.71,"end":67.95},{"text":"the","start":67.95,"end":68.03},{"text":"double","start":68.03,"end":68.51},{"text":"choking","start":68.75,"end":69.23},{"text":"point","start":69.23,"end":69.67},{"text":"that","start":69.67,"end":69.87},{"text":"many","start":69.87,"end":70.11},{"text":"have","start":70.11,"end":70.23},{"text":"been","start":70.23,"end":70.35},{"text":"speaking","start":70.35,"end":70.99},{"text":"about,","start":71.31,"end":71.87},{"text":"the","start":71.87,"end":71.95},{"text":"Hormuz","start":71.95,"end":72.55},{"text":"and","start":72.55,"end":72.67},{"text":"the","start":72.67,"end":72.75},{"text":"Red","start":72.75,"end":72.99},{"text":"Sea,","start":72.99,"end":73.35},{"text":"is","start":73.79,"end":73.95},{"text":"now","start":73.95,"end":74.27},{"text":"a","start":74.27,"end":74.35},{"text":"triple","start":74.35,"end":74.99},{"text":"choking","start":75.15,"end":75.55},{"text":"point,","start":75.55,"end":76.03},{"text":"adding","start":76.35,"end":76.91},{"text":"the","start":77.47,"end":77.59},{"text":"escalation","start":77.59,"end":78.35},{"text":"in","start":78.43,"end":78.59},{"text":"the","start":78.59,"end":78.67},{"text":"Black","start":78.67,"end":78.87},{"text":"Sea.","start":78.87,"end":79.39}]},{"text":"How many more choking points can the world really muster before it completely suffocates?","start":80.19,"end":85.71,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-chokepoints","label":"Maritime Chokepoints and Grain Exports","description":"The statements highlighted the risks posed by disruptions in the Red Sea, Hormuz, and especially the Black Sea for global food supply chains. Reviving or supporting arrangements that keep grain exports moving was presented as critical for food security."}],"words":[{"text":"How","start":80.19,"end":80.35},{"text":"many","start":80.35,"end":80.55},{"text":"more","start":80.55,"end":80.83},{"text":"choking","start":80.83,"end":81.23},{"text":"points","start":81.23,"end":81.79},{"text":"can","start":81.87,"end":82.11},{"text":"the","start":82.11,"end":82.19},{"text":"world","start":82.19,"end":82.51},{"text":"really","start":82.51,"end":82.75},{"text":"muster","start":82.75,"end":83.31},{"text":"before","start":83.67,"end":84.19},{"text":"it","start":84.19,"end":84.31},{"text":"completely","start":84.31,"end":84.91},{"text":"suffocates?","start":84.91,"end":85.71}]},{"text":"I also wanted to show though what is possible if there is political will.","start":87.15,"end":91.75,"topics":[{"key":"political-will","label":"Political Will and International Action","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that the crisis can be mitigated if Member States and the Security Council show sufficient political will. The discussion centered on the gap between the severity of conditions on the ground and the level of action taken by world leaders."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":87.15,"end":87.31},{"text":"also","start":87.31,"end":87.55},{"text":"wanted","start":87.55,"end":87.87},{"text":"to","start":87.87,"end":87.95},{"text":"show","start":87.95,"end":88.19},{"text":"though","start":88.19,"end":88.51},{"text":"what","start":88.71,"end":89.07},{"text":"is","start":89.07,"end":89.47},{"text":"possible","start":89.47,"end":90.11},{"text":"if","start":90.19,"end":90.59},{"text":"there","start":90.67,"end":90.91},{"text":"is","start":90.91,"end":91.15},{"text":"political","start":91.15,"end":91.59},{"text":"will.","start":91.59,"end":91.75}]},{"text":"And I call on the Security Council to take urgent and concrete action to break this cycle of hunger and conflict.","start":91.75,"end":100.15,"topics":[{"key":"political-will","label":"Political Will and International Action","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that the crisis can be mitigated if Member States and the Security Council show sufficient political will. The discussion centered on the gap between the severity of conditions on the ground and the level of action taken by world leaders."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":91.75,"end":91.95},{"text":"I","start":92.83,"end":92.91},{"text":"call","start":92.91,"end":93.23},{"text":"on","start":93.23,"end":93.31},{"text":"the","start":93.31,"end":93.39},{"text":"Security","start":93.39,"end":93.75},{"text":"Council","start":93.75,"end":94.23},{"text":"to","start":94.23,"end":94.31},{"text":"take","start":94.67,"end":95.07},{"text":"urgent","start":95.07,"end":95.55},{"text":"and","start":95.55,"end":95.71},{"text":"concrete","start":95.71,"end":96.27},{"text":"action","start":96.27,"end":96.83},{"text":"to","start":97.15,"end":97.27},{"text":"break","start":97.27,"end":97.63},{"text":"this","start":97.63,"end":97.91},{"text":"cycle","start":97.91,"end":98.43},{"text":"of","start":98.75,"end":98.91},{"text":"hunger","start":98.91,"end":99.39},{"text":"and","start":99.39,"end":99.55},{"text":"conflict.","start":99.55,"end":100.15}]},{"text":"I suggested five circuit breakers.","start":100.83,"end":103.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":100.83,"end":100.95},{"text":"suggested","start":100.95,"end":101.55},{"text":"five","start":101.55,"end":101.95},{"text":"circuit","start":101.95,"end":102.39},{"text":"breakers.","start":102.39,"end":103.07}]},{"text":"First, measures that stop conflict in one region.","start":103.79,"end":107.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":103.79,"end":104.35},{"text":"measures","start":104.43,"end":105.07},{"text":"that","start":105.07,"end":105.23},{"text":"stop","start":105.23,"end":105.71},{"text":"conflict","start":105.71,"end":106.31},{"text":"in","start":106.35,"end":106.51},{"text":"one","start":106.51,"end":106.75},{"text":"region.","start":106.75,"end":107.31}]},{"text":"to drive hunger in another.","start":108.23,"end":110.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"to","start":108.23,"end":108.31},{"text":"drive","start":108.31,"end":108.71},{"text":"hunger","start":108.71,"end":109.27},{"text":"in","start":109.35,"end":109.51},{"text":"another.","start":109.51,"end":110.07}]},{"text":"Second, to act early.","start":110.87,"end":113.03,"topics":[{"key":"famine-prevention","label":"Early Famine Prevention","description":"A major theme was the need to act before famine is formally declared, since declaration comes too late for many people. Speakers pointed to past near-famine situations as evidence that timely intervention and aid can prevent catastrophe."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":110.87,"end":111.51},{"text":"to","start":112.07,"end":112.23},{"text":"act","start":112.23,"end":112.55},{"text":"early.","start":112.55,"end":113.03}]},{"text":"As I said, when famines are declared, it's already way too late.","start":113.43,"end":117.51,"topics":[{"key":"famine-prevention","label":"Early Famine Prevention","description":"A major theme was the need to act before famine is formally declared, since declaration comes too late for many people. Speakers pointed to past near-famine situations as evidence that timely intervention and aid can prevent catastrophe."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":113.43,"end":113.59},{"text":"I","start":113.59,"end":113.67},{"text":"said,","start":113.67,"end":114.15},{"text":"when","start":114.27,"end":114.55},{"text":"famines","start":114.55,"end":115.03},{"text":"are","start":115.03,"end":115.11},{"text":"declared,","start":115.11,"end":115.75},{"text":"it's","start":115.99,"end":116.23},{"text":"already","start":116.23,"end":116.63},{"text":"way","start":116.63,"end":116.79},{"text":"too","start":116.79,"end":117.03},{"text":"late.","start":117.03,"end":117.51}]},{"text":"Three, to protect civilians and civilian infrastructure.","start":118.39,"end":121.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Three,","start":118.39,"end":118.87},{"text":"to","start":118.95,"end":119.03},{"text":"protect","start":119.03,"end":119.47},{"text":"civilians","start":119.47,"end":120.07},{"text":"and","start":120.11,"end":120.23},{"text":"civilian","start":120.23,"end":120.79},{"text":"infrastructure.","start":120.79,"end":121.67}]},{"text":"Four, to protect humanitarian personnel.","start":122.15,"end":124.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Four,","start":122.15,"end":122.71},{"text":"to","start":122.79,"end":122.95},{"text":"protect","start":122.95,"end":123.35},{"text":"humanitarian","start":123.35,"end":123.91},{"text":"personnel.","start":123.91,"end":124.63}]},{"text":"And five, and fifth, solidarity with the most vulnerable in the world.","start":125.19,"end":131.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":125.19,"end":125.43},{"text":"five,","start":125.43,"end":125.91},{"text":"and","start":125.99,"end":126.23},{"text":"fifth,","start":126.23,"end":126.71},{"text":"solidarity","start":127.19,"end":128.23},{"text":"with","start":128.47,"end":128.63},{"text":"the","start":128.63,"end":128.71},{"text":"most","start":128.71,"end":129.27},{"text":"vulnerable","start":129.43,"end":130.07},{"text":"in","start":130.39,"end":130.59},{"text":"the","start":130.59,"end":130.71},{"text":"world.","start":130.71,"end":131.11}]},{"text":"The current funding cuts to our programs is simply not sustainable.","start":131.67,"end":135.19,"topics":[{"key":"humanitarian-funding","label":"Humanitarian Funding Shortfalls","description":"Several statements focused on shrinking resources for WFP and other relief efforts, warning that funding cuts are undermining the ability to prevent famine. The discussion emphasized the need for governments and donors to provide sustained financial support."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":131.67,"end":131.79},{"text":"current","start":131.79,"end":132.15},{"text":"funding","start":132.15,"end":132.47},{"text":"cuts","start":132.47,"end":132.79},{"text":"to","start":132.79,"end":132.95},{"text":"our","start":132.95,"end":133.03},{"text":"programs","start":133.03,"end":133.67},{"text":"is","start":133.67,"end":133.87},{"text":"simply","start":133.87,"end":134.23},{"text":"not","start":134.23,"end":134.55},{"text":"sustainable.","start":134.55,"end":135.19}]},{"text":"I used to talk about taking food from the hungry to give to the starving.","start":135.87,"end":140.19,"topics":[{"key":"acute-hunger","label":"Acute Hunger Crisis","description":"Speakers described a sharp worsening of global hunger, including rising food insecurity, starvation risks, and the human consequences for vulnerable families. 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It's Eric Peters with Kyoto News Agency.","start":400.47,"end":402.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":400.47,"end":400.67},{"text":"you,","start":400.67,"end":400.75},{"text":"sir.","start":400.75,"end":400.95},{"text":"It's","start":400.95,"end":401.19},{"text":"Eric","start":401.19,"end":401.43},{"text":"Peters","start":401.43,"end":401.71},{"text":"with","start":401.71,"end":401.83},{"text":"Kyoto","start":401.83,"end":402.15},{"text":"News","start":402.15,"end":402.47},{"text":"Agency.","start":402.47,"end":402.95}]},{"text":"Have you submitted any proposals on reviving the Black Sea Grain Initiative?","start":403.67,"end":407.27,"topics":[{"key":"maritime-chokepoints","label":"Maritime Chokepoints and Grain Exports","description":"The statements highlighted the risks posed by disruptions in the Red Sea, Hormuz, and especially the Black Sea for global food supply chains. 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