{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k13/k13nm99ppl","kaltura_id":"1_3nm99ppl","title":"UN Geneva Press Briefing: UN/ICRC, OHCHR, UNICEF","clean_title":"UN Geneva Press Briefing: UN/ICRC, OHCHR, UNICEF","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k13/k13nm99ppl","date":"2026-08-25T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-08-25T08:30:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"01:33:36","category":"Press Conferences","body":null,"event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":null,"pv_symbol":"BRIEFING/GENEVA/2026-08-25","pv_part":1,"slug":"briefing/geneva/2026-08-25"},"metadata":{"summary":"UN Geneva press briefing chaired by Alessandra Vellucci, Director, UN Information Service","description":"Call to adopt rules on autonomous weapon systems\nAlessandra Vellucci, for the United Nations Information Service (UNIS), read the just issued renewed call by the United Nations Secretary-General and the President of the International Committee of the Red Cross to adopt rules on autonomous weapon systems:\n\"Three years ago, we called on States to establish specific prohibitions and restrictions on autonomous weapon systems. Today, we renew this call with even greater urgency. The fundamental concerns remain unchanged, but the risks have intensified. We are now dangerously close to crossing a moral red line: the autonomous targeting of humans by machines.\nThe development of weapon technology has advanced at record speed, placing increasing strain on legal frameworks. Since our previous appeal, the gap between technological capability and regulatory constraint has widened, with advanced technologies employed on the battlefield amplifying the risk of harming civilians and civilian infrastructure and aggravating civilian suffering in armed conflict.\nThe development and use of autonomous weapon systems represent a further escalation, reducing human control over the use of force. Autonomous weapon systems are not part of a distant future – a race towards greater autonomy in weapons systems is already well underway. At the same time, scientists and engineers developing these systems have themselves raised the alarm. When the architects of this technology are calling for limits, States cannot afford to remain passive.\nThis year must mark a turning point.\nStates have laid important groundwork through the United Nations General Assembly and the Group of Governmental Experts under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. Significant progress has been made toward a shared understanding of the human judgment and control required, and of the measures necessary to ensure compliance with international humanitarian law, address ethical concerns, and reduce human suffering.\nStates must show political courage and move beyond incremental discussions towards decisive action. Negotiations must begin now to urgently adopt a legally binding instrument to regulate autonomous weapon systems with clear prohibitions and restrictions. A failure to act quickly and decisively will cost lives. It will leave future generations to inherit a world in which the absence of clear and specific prohibitions and restrictions on these weapons opens the door to practices that would erode the protections international humanitarian law is meant to guarantee. A world where accountability is increasingly elusive as responsibility for errors and breaches of applicable rules becomes harder to establish.\nStates have a responsibility to those already suffering the consequences of today's conflicts, and to those who will inherit the world that is now being shaped. Future generations will ask whether leaders acted when there was still a chance to set limits before these weapons proliferated beyond control. The upcoming Seventh Review Conference of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons in November offers the clearest path available for States to decide to move to negotiate a legally binding instrument. The painstaking work undertaken over the past three years forms the ideal basis for such negotiations, and must not be lost.\nWe urge States to seize this moment.\nContinuing to design weapon systems that make it easier to wage war will only undermine our collective efforts towards a more peaceful world.\nThe path is clear. The need is urgent. Innovation must serve humanity – not endanger it.\"\nThe statement is also available here.\nCarolyne Mélanie Régimbal, Chief of Service, UN Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA) - Geneva Branch, said that the renewed call came at the key moment, stressing the urgent need for negotiations on a legally binding instruments on lethal autonomous weapon systems (LAWS). Following over a decade of talks of governmental experts on this subject, the time had come to move on to the next stage. As recognized in the appeal, the 7th Review Conference of the United Nations Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW), in Geneva in November, would provide States with an opportunity to decide whether to launch negotiations on an instrument on LAWS. The gap between technological developments and regulatory restraints was rapidly increasing, warned Ms. Régimbal. Fundamental ethical concerns related to delegating life-and-death decisions to machines were of primary concern. Disarmament and weapons control were necessary before new harmful practices became entrenched, she said. The decision in November to set negotiations in motion would signal that CCW remained fit for purpose: to respond to developments in weapons technologies before they became entrenched. The Secretary-General had long warned about the dangers posed by these systems, calling them morally repugnant and stressing they should be prohibited under international law. Some decisions had to remain with human beings, and none more so than a decision on taking a human life. The 7th CCW Review Conference would be an opportunity for States to demonstrate political courage and move in the right direction.\nLaurent Gisel, Head of Arms and Conduct of Hostilities Unit at the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), said that ICRC delegates around the world were witnessing increasingly sophisticated weapons being used in various conflicts, leading to rapidly growing destruction and civilian harm. Once activated, LAWS would select targets without future human intervention, and the direction in which these weapons were moving was ever more concerning. At the core of the concern was the risk of decreasing human control over the use of force, which could lead to an increase in violations of international humanitarian law. IHL required humans to make decisions on whether, when and where to use force, stressed Mr. Gisel. The more complicated the scenarios were, the more difficult it would be for machines to decide on how to use force. ICRC had for a long time called for a legally binding instrument on certain types of LAWS. Such an instrument should set clear limits, including their geographical and temporal scopes, and the level of force they could deploy. Mr. Gisel said that the technology was developing quickly, and the international community now needed to move from discussions to action. The key message of the appeal was that the painstaking appeal undertaken over recent years should not be lost, and the upcoming conference in Geneva ought to be seized by States.\nAnswering numerous questions from the journalists, Laurent Gisel, for ICRC, said that the call was specific to prohibit certain, most dangerous LAWS, not all of them, and to put restrictions on others. States had to make it clear what was acceptable and not acceptable in the context of armed conflict. Carolyne Mélanie Régimbal, for UNODA, stressed that States were the main decision-makers, and they had not yet begun to negotiate a legally binding instrument. The joint appeal was intended to move the process forward, but ultimately the decision would be with the States themselves on what exactly those elements would entail. There had been numerous engagements with the industry, she added, and States had gathered information from the industry itself. On another question, Mr. Gisel said that currently there was no confirmed evidence that fully autonomous weapons had been used to target human beings, but that was the observed trajectory. Ms. Régimbal said that the Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on emerging technologies in the area of LAWS, which would complete its task the following week, had agreed to identify elements to be included in a possible future legal instrument. The international community had put this at the forefront of the disarmament agenda, and there was a broad agreement to continue exploring these issues.\nRegarding a specific reported case from Ukraine, in which three civilians had allegedly been killed by an AI-guided autonomous weapon, Ms. Régimbal explained that AI was a modality that could be used with autonomous weapons systems and did not equal them. Mr. Gisel added that AI was not necessary for autonomous systems to be autonomous. Neither speaker could comment on the specific case raised by the journalist. Mr. Gisel said that the prohibitions were being proposed for unpredictable autonomous weapons and anti-personnel autonomous weapons, i.e. those that specifically targeted human beings rather than objects and other weapons. There were a number of weapon systems which could be used with remote control or in an autonomous manner, complicating the matter further. Ms. Régimbal said that the GGE was looking at all the elements and various aspects that could be included in a future legal instrument. The risks of autonomous lethal weapons were not specific to any one ongoing conflict, but were global in nature, and not only among the most technologically advanced armies. Mr. Gisel emphasized that autonomous weapon systems had been used for a long time, for example defence weapons on ships, and they had led to combatant casualties. Ms. Régimbal said that States, should they agree to move forward, would decide on the framework of negotiations and the timeline. As urgent as the matter was, it was unlikely that those processes would happen overnight.\n\nHuman rights situation in Myanmar\nRavina Shamdasani, for the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), stated that the new OHCHR report found that the human rights situation in Myanmar, in particular that of minority communities, had plummeted to a new low, from the ever-worsening brutal abuse of the Rohingya population to the devastating impact of illicit economies, notably illegal mining for rare earths. The report detailed how unrelenting violence and a conflict economy worked together to expose civilian populations to untold misery.\nHighlighting acts of military violence against the civilian population, the report noted the persistent use of airstrikes, arson attacks, displacement and denial of assistance. It also detailed the commission – by both the Myanmar military and the Arakan Army – of widespread and systematic violations and abuses against the Rohingya, nine years since the terrible violence of 2017 that had forced hundreds of thousands of Rohingya to flee. Across northern Rakhine, the Arakan Army had perpetrated arbitrary arrests, torture, sexual and gender-based violence, instances of enforced disappearance, forced labour and recruitment, unlawful confiscation of land and residential property, and the destruction of villages, religious and cultural sites, caused renewed Rohingya displacement. Children were systematically used for labour, with witnesses describing workers as young as six years old clearing jungle, constructing buildings and doing menial work for Rakhine families. In one case, for example, a child had been forced to clear bones and skulls of victims of a massacre.\nThe absence of the rule of law across Myanmar had acted as an enabler for illicit economies in the country, helping to finance the conflict, worsen the crisis, and with impacts on the wider region. Economic collapse and conflict-induced displacement had also generated a labour market that was easy for economic actors and criminal organizations to exploit, finding that civilians were lured into a system marred by endless human rights violations and abuses. Unregulated exploitation of natural resources had destroyed the environment, livelihoods, and traditional community-based systems in a growing number of areas in the country, particularly minority areas. Findings indicated a peak in trade flows in 2023 amounting to USD 1.4 billion. Lack of economic opportunities, displacement and forced conscription have also triggered an influx of women into the mining sector, which aggravated risks of sexual violence and harassment by supervisors, guards, and militia members who operated with absolute impunity. OHCHR called on all States, companies and investors to undertake serious soul-searching with respect to their actions – or inaction; to ask: is this fair and just for the people of Myanmar? Their own reputations and their credibility were on the line.\nThe OHCHR statement is available here, while the full report can be read here.\nJames Rodehaver, Chief of the Myanmar Team at the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), speaking from Vienna, said that today marked nine years since the operation in which over 10,000 Rohingya had been killed and displaced over 700,000 to Bangladesh. The Rohingya community was still being abused in numerous manners. Thus far, in the 5.5-year long ongoing conflict in Myanmar, over 8,300 civilians had been killed by the military, he said. Just in the last 100 days, at least 146 civilians had been killed in airstrikes. The Myanmar military had said that the past 100 days would be dedicated to bringing peace to Myanmar, but the period had instead seen increased airstrikes on civilians and other violations of international humanitarian law. Mr. Rodehaver said that the crisis deserved the world's attention as it was only worsening and tearing civilian lives apart.\nAnswering questions from the media, Mr. Rodehaver said that almost all cases referred to in the report were on young Rohingya children being exploited and abused, but there were also cases of children from other ethnic minorities. The UN had still not recognized the Myanmar military as the legitimate government of the country, an action which would need to be taken by the UN Credentials Committee. Ms. Shamdasani added that the military's persistent quest for legitimacy was deepening the crisis. Mr. Rodehaver said that rare earth materials were leaving Myanmar and going to other countries. OHCHR had reached out to both to the Myanmar military and the Arakan Army, for the purposes of this report, but it had not received responses from either. The figure of 140,000 put forward by UNHCR referred to the movement of Rohingya since January 2024. Regarding the scam centres in Myanmar, he said that thousands of people still remained in the clutches of the system, and oftentimes these did not shut down, but simply moved elsewhere within the country. Those centres were sometimes building local infrastructure as a way to endear themselves to local communities. Many scam centres were profitable for the military and border guards, he reminded. There was no progress in establishing who the individuals behind those centres were.\nAlessandra Vellucci, for the United Nations Information Service (UNIS), referred to the Secretary-General's Spokesman' statement in which he called for renewed global attention and action to the plight of the Rohingya.\n\nChild nutrition crisis in Afghanistan\nDr. Tajudeen Oyewale, Afghanistan Country Representative for the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), speaking from Kabul, said that 3.7 million children in the country suffered from wasting, including one million children suffering from life-threatening acute severe malnutrition; more than 80 percent of them were children under the age of two. More than half a million children had been accepted to hospitals since the beginning of the year because of a serious danger of wasting. In southern Afghanistan, some hospitals had reported having three or four severely malnourished children for every available bed. Dr. Oyewale spoke of what he had witnessed in a hospital in Kandahar: way too many young children being treated for complications of malnutrition. Children across the country were eating smaller meals and sometimes meals were skipped altogether. Half of the country's children lived in poverty, not getting enough nutrients to grow and develop adequately. Child's first food, other than breastmilk, was often just bread with water, which was far from enough. Such children had high chances to suffer from wasting, one of the most dangerous forms of malnutrition, with children becoming dangerously thin for their height. Without timely care, this could become life-threatening. A poorly nourished child with a diarrhea or respiratory infection could fall seriously ill very quickly.\nAcross the country, several years of drought and devastating floods had contributed to the dire situation. Regional instability was disrupting cross-border trade. Six million people had been returned to Afghanistan since 2023, putting additional pressures on jobs and livelihoods. Dr. Oyewale said that malnutrition treatments did save lives, but these were not enough, because when those children returned home, they still did not have nutritious food or have access to basic sanitation services. UNICEF's efforts were thus looking at overall prevention as well. Pregnant women's nutrition needed to be supported, while WASH services had to be reinforced. There was a contradiction that precisely at a moment the children's needs were increasing, services available in Afghanistan and overall funding were decreasing. UNICEF's nutrition programme in Afghanistan was only 22 percent funded, warned Dr. Oyewale. His closing message was that it was clear that an even more serious crisis was coming, and there was a chance to prevent it from becoming much worse. The time to act was now: UNICEF and partners needed flexible and sustainable funding for both prevention and treatment services.\nAnswering a question from the media, Dr. Oyewale reiterated that one million children were in severe acute malnutrition, and they were at risk of dying.\n\nQuestion on Gaza\nResponding a question on the rhetoric from the Israeli officials regarding children's kites coming from Gaza, Ravina Shamdasani, for the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), said that these latest threats were unacceptable and outrageous, showing utter contempt for international human rights law. Every day, Palestinians were bombed, struck and killed in Gaza, despite the so-called ceasefire. The suffering and misery imposed on the Palestinians could not be ignored, and OHCHR called on third States to do their part that the ceasefire be fully respected.\n\nQuestion on Ebola\nAnswering a question on the vaccines for Ebola in the Democratic Repujblic of the Congo, Ricardo Pires, for the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), said that the clinical trial of Ervebo vaccines was expected to provide evidence essential for policy makers and inform the future use of vaccines. It was approved for the phase 3 trial and use for frontline workers. Those offered the vaccine should receive all the information about possible risks and benefits of getting it. Their informed consent was necessary, stressed Mr. Pires. Tarik Jašarević, for the World Health Organization (WHO), explained that the previous week, the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo had requested a release of Ervebo vaccines from the global Ebola virus disease vaccine stockpile, managed by the International Coordinating Group on Vaccine Provision (ICG). The request was for use of the vaccine in the current Bundibugyo virus disease outbreak. Ervebo vaccine was licensed and recommended for use in outbreaks of Ebola virus disease (previously called Zaire ebolavirus). The ICG informed the DRC government of an immediate initial release of 70 000 doses, of which 20,000 would go for the phase 3 trial, which should provide information on whether the vaccine was effective against the Bundibugyo strain. It was not yet known whether the vaccine was effective, and people receiving it had to be given all the necessary information about potential risks and benefits.\n\nAnnouncements\nAlessandra Vellucci, for the United Nations Information Service (UNIS), informed that today at 2:30 pm, the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) would hold a press conference to launch the 2026 Arms Trade Treaty Monitor report. The report would be presented by Andrea Edoardo Varisco, Project Lead, Arms Trade Treaty Monitor, and others.\nThe Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) was going to close its 118th session at 12 noon today. The Committee would present its final observations on reports submitted by Finland, Honduras, India, and Kuwait, available on the Committee's webpage. Further, the Committee would also publicly adopt its General Recommendation No. 40, regarding \"reparations for the historical injustices from the chattel enslavement of Africans, and the ensuing harms and crimes to people of African descent\"; the officially adopted text was going to be published here.\nThe Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) would end its 35th session on 27 August at 3 pm. During this meeting, the Committee would present its concluding observations on reports submitted by Chili, Lithuania, Qatar, Slovakia, and Sri Lanka, to be published later on the Committee's own webpage. The Committee would devote the rest of the meeting to a celebration of the twentieth anniversary of the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, in 2016.\n\n***","categories":["Media","Press Conferences"],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":[],"corporate_name":["UNITED NATIONS OFFICE IN GENEVA - UNOG","INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS - ICRC","OFFICE OF THE UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS - OHCHR","UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN'S FUND - UNICEF"],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"scheduled-ead52fec-8d22-49ba-b1d7-f49b0ae73a75","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":0.99,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=1","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Good morning.","start":0.99,"end":1.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":0.99,"end":1.23},{"text":"morning.","start":1.23,"end":1.63}]},{"text":"Welcome to the press briefing of the UN Information Service here in Geneva.","start":1.63,"end":5.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Welcome","start":1.63,"end":2.19},{"text":"to","start":2.19,"end":2.35},{"text":"the","start":2.35,"end":2.43},{"text":"press","start":2.43,"end":2.67},{"text":"briefing","start":2.67,"end":3.07},{"text":"of","start":3.07,"end":3.23},{"text":"the","start":3.23,"end":3.35},{"text":"UN","start":3.35,"end":3.63},{"text":"Information","start":3.63,"end":4.27},{"text":"Service","start":4.27,"end":4.91},{"text":"here","start":4.91,"end":5.15},{"text":"in","start":5.15,"end":5.23},{"text":"Geneva.","start":5.23,"end":5.63}]},{"text":"Today is Tuesday, 25th of August, and I have the great pleasure and honor to start this briefing with the launch of the renewed call from the UN Secretary General and the ICRC President to adopt rules on autonomous weapon systems.","start":5.63,"end":22.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Today","start":5.63,"end":5.91},{"text":"is","start":5.91,"end":6.03},{"text":"Tuesday,","start":6.03,"end":6.59},{"text":"25th","start":6.91,"end":7.55},{"text":"of","start":7.63,"end":7.95},{"text":"August,","start":8.15,"end":8.59},{"text":"and","start":8.99,"end":9.19},{"text":"I","start":9.19,"end":9.23},{"text":"have","start":9.23,"end":9.43},{"text":"the","start":9.43,"end":9.51},{"text":"great","start":9.51,"end":9.79},{"text":"pleasure","start":9.79,"end":10.19},{"text":"and","start":10.19,"end":10.43},{"text":"honor","start":10.43,"end":10.91},{"text":"to","start":10.91,"end":11.03},{"text":"start","start":11.07,"end":11.43},{"text":"this","start":11.43,"end":11.55},{"text":"briefing","start":11.55,"end":12.11},{"text":"with","start":12.43,"end":12.79},{"text":"the","start":12.79,"end":12.91},{"text":"launch","start":12.91,"end":13.55},{"text":"of","start":13.55,"end":13.87},{"text":"the","start":13.87,"end":14.07},{"text":"renewed","start":14.11,"end":14.59},{"text":"call","start":14.59,"end":15.15},{"text":"from","start":15.15,"end":15.47},{"text":"the","start":15.47,"end":15.59},{"text":"UN","start":15.63,"end":15.95},{"text":"Secretary","start":15.95,"end":16.51},{"text":"General","start":16.51,"end":17.07},{"text":"and","start":17.31,"end":17.51},{"text":"the","start":17.51,"end":17.63},{"text":"ICRC","start":17.87,"end":18.63},{"text":"President","start":18.63,"end":19.31},{"text":"to","start":19.71,"end":19.87},{"text":"adopt","start":19.87,"end":20.35},{"text":"rules","start":20.43,"end":20.87},{"text":"on","start":20.87,"end":21.03},{"text":"autonomous","start":21.03,"end":21.63},{"text":"weapon","start":21.63,"end":22.11},{"text":"systems.","start":22.11,"end":22.83}]},{"text":"You have received this call.","start":22.83,"end":24.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":22.83,"end":22.91},{"text":"have","start":22.91,"end":23.07},{"text":"received","start":23.07,"end":23.55},{"text":"this","start":23.63,"end":24.19},{"text":"call.","start":24.35,"end":24.83}]},{"text":"by e-mail in various language versions.","start":26.27,"end":29.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"by","start":26.27,"end":26.51},{"text":"e-mail","start":26.51,"end":27.31},{"text":"in","start":27.31,"end":27.55},{"text":"various","start":27.55,"end":28.19},{"text":"language","start":28.35,"end":28.91},{"text":"versions.","start":28.91,"end":29.71}]},{"text":"The embargo falls right now, so please don't hesitate to cover.","start":30.07,"end":35.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":30.07,"end":30.15},{"text":"embargo","start":30.59,"end":31.03},{"text":"falls","start":31.07,"end":31.95},{"text":"right","start":32.11,"end":32.39},{"text":"now,","start":32.39,"end":32.75},{"text":"so","start":32.83,"end":33.23},{"text":"please","start":33.47,"end":33.95},{"text":"don't","start":33.99,"end":34.27},{"text":"hesitate","start":34.83,"end":35.23},{"text":"to","start":35.23,"end":35.35},{"text":"cover.","start":35.35,"end":35.79}]},{"text":"I'll start by reading the renewed call and then I'll give the floor to my colleagues.","start":36.11,"end":42.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'll","start":36.11,"end":36.51},{"text":"start","start":36.51,"end":36.83},{"text":"by","start":36.83,"end":37.07},{"text":"reading","start":37.07,"end":37.63},{"text":"the","start":37.79,"end":37.95},{"text":"renewed","start":38.03,"end":38.43},{"text":"call","start":38.43,"end":38.91},{"text":"and","start":39.15,"end":39.43},{"text":"then","start":39.43,"end":39.71},{"text":"I'll","start":39.71,"end":39.91},{"text":"give","start":39.95,"end":40.19},{"text":"the","start":40.19,"end":40.31},{"text":"floor","start":40.31,"end":40.75},{"text":"to","start":40.75,"end":41.07},{"text":"my","start":41.55,"end":41.79},{"text":"colleagues.","start":41.79,"end":42.27}]},{"text":"I'll introduce them in a moment for their introductory remarks and then they will take questions on the call.","start":42.27,"end":49.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'll","start":42.27,"end":42.47},{"text":"introduce","start":42.47,"end":42.95},{"text":"them","start":42.95,"end":43.23},{"text":"in","start":43.23,"end":43.39},{"text":"a","start":43.39,"end":43.43},{"text":"moment","start":43.43,"end":43.87},{"text":"for","start":44.91,"end":45.15},{"text":"their","start":45.15,"end":45.63},{"text":"introductory","start":45.63,"end":46.35},{"text":"remarks","start":46.35,"end":46.79},{"text":"and","start":46.79,"end":46.95},{"text":"then","start":46.95,"end":47.11},{"text":"they","start":47.11,"end":47.23},{"text":"will","start":47.23,"end":47.39},{"text":"take","start":47.39,"end":47.67},{"text":"questions","start":47.67,"end":48.35},{"text":"on","start":48.35,"end":48.75},{"text":"the","start":48.91,"end":49.11},{"text":"call.","start":49.11,"end":49.55}]},{"text":"So let's start by reading.","start":50.19,"end":52.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":50.19,"end":50.43},{"text":"let's","start":50.43,"end":50.91},{"text":"start","start":51.31,"end":52.11},{"text":"by","start":52.11,"end":52.43},{"text":"reading.","start":52.43,"end":52.83}]},{"text":"So this is the call of the UN Secretary General and the ICRC President.","start":52.83,"end":58.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":52.83,"end":52.95},{"text":"this","start":52.99,"end":53.19},{"text":"is","start":53.19,"end":53.31},{"text":"the","start":53.31,"end":53.43},{"text":"call","start":53.43,"end":53.79},{"text":"of","start":53.79,"end":54.27},{"text":"the","start":54.59,"end":54.83},{"text":"UN","start":54.99,"end":55.47},{"text":"Secretary","start":55.47,"end":55.95},{"text":"General","start":55.95,"end":56.51},{"text":"and","start":56.51,"end":56.71},{"text":"the","start":56.71,"end":56.79},{"text":"ICRC","start":56.83,"end":57.71},{"text":"President.","start":57.71,"end":58.59}]},{"text":"Three years ago, we called on states to establish specific provisions and restrictions on autonomous weapon systems.","start":60.75,"end":68.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Three","start":60.75,"end":61.23},{"text":"years","start":61.23,"end":61.55},{"text":"ago,","start":61.55,"end":62.03},{"text":"we","start":62.11,"end":62.35},{"text":"called","start":62.35,"end":62.75},{"text":"on","start":62.75,"end":63.07},{"text":"states","start":63.07,"end":63.71},{"text":"to","start":63.71,"end":63.87},{"text":"establish","start":63.87,"end":64.35},{"text":"specific","start":64.35,"end":64.99},{"text":"provisions","start":64.99,"end":65.87},{"text":"and","start":65.87,"end":66.19},{"text":"restrictions","start":66.19,"end":67.07},{"text":"on","start":67.07,"end":67.23},{"text":"autonomous","start":67.23,"end":67.79},{"text":"weapon","start":67.79,"end":68.11},{"text":"systems.","start":68.11,"end":68.91}]},{"text":"Today, we renew this call with even greater urgency.","start":70.03,"end":74.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Today,","start":70.03,"end":70.59},{"text":"we","start":70.83,"end":71.07},{"text":"renew","start":71.07,"end":71.39},{"text":"this","start":71.39,"end":71.63},{"text":"call","start":71.63,"end":72.03},{"text":"with","start":72.11,"end":72.35},{"text":"even","start":72.35,"end":72.79},{"text":"greater","start":72.79,"end":73.31},{"text":"urgency.","start":73.31,"end":74.03}]},{"text":"The fundamental concerns remain unchanged, but the risk have intensified.","start":74.67,"end":79.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":74.67,"end":74.83},{"text":"fundamental","start":74.83,"end":75.39},{"text":"concerns","start":75.39,"end":75.95},{"text":"remain","start":75.95,"end":76.51},{"text":"unchanged,","start":76.51,"end":77.39},{"text":"but","start":77.63,"end":77.79},{"text":"the","start":77.79,"end":77.91},{"text":"risk","start":77.91,"end":78.27},{"text":"have","start":78.27,"end":78.59},{"text":"intensified.","start":78.59,"end":79.71}]},{"text":"We are now dangerously close to crossing a moral red line, the autonomous targeting of humans by machines.","start":80.19,"end":88.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":80.19,"end":80.31},{"text":"are","start":80.31,"end":80.39},{"text":"now","start":80.39,"end":80.59},{"text":"dangerously","start":80.67,"end":81.47},{"text":"close","start":81.47,"end":81.95},{"text":"to","start":81.95,"end":82.11},{"text":"crossing","start":82.11,"end":82.75},{"text":"a","start":82.75,"end":82.83},{"text":"moral","start":82.83,"end":83.31},{"text":"red","start":83.31,"end":83.87},{"text":"line,","start":83.95,"end":84.59},{"text":"the","start":84.59,"end":84.71},{"text":"autonomous","start":84.75,"end":85.47},{"text":"targeting","start":85.47,"end":86.19},{"text":"of","start":86.43,"end":86.67},{"text":"humans","start":86.67,"end":87.47},{"text":"by","start":87.63,"end":87.79},{"text":"machines.","start":87.79,"end":88.59}]},{"text":"The development of weapon technology has advanced at record speed, placing increasing strain on legal frameworks.","start":89.55,"end":97.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":89.55,"end":89.67},{"text":"development","start":89.67,"end":90.23},{"text":"of","start":90.23,"end":90.35},{"text":"weapon","start":90.35,"end":90.67},{"text":"technology","start":90.67,"end":91.31},{"text":"has","start":91.31,"end":91.47},{"text":"advanced","start":91.47,"end":92.19},{"text":"at","start":92.19,"end":92.27},{"text":"record","start":92.27,"end":92.67},{"text":"speed,","start":92.67,"end":93.31},{"text":"placing","start":93.71,"end":94.19},{"text":"increasing","start":94.19,"end":94.79},{"text":"strain","start":94.79,"end":95.47},{"text":"on","start":95.47,"end":95.87},{"text":"legal","start":95.87,"end":96.27},{"text":"frameworks.","start":96.27,"end":97.23}]},{"text":"Since our previous appeal, the gap between technological capability and regulatory constraints has widened.","start":97.79,"end":105.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":97.79,"end":98.11},{"text":"our","start":98.19,"end":98.43},{"text":"previous","start":98.43,"end":98.83},{"text":"appeal,","start":98.83,"end":99.47},{"text":"the","start":99.71,"end":99.83},{"text":"gap","start":99.83,"end":100.19},{"text":"between","start":100.19,"end":100.67},{"text":"technological","start":100.67,"end":101.43},{"text":"capability","start":101.43,"end":102.27},{"text":"and","start":102.27,"end":102.51},{"text":"regulatory","start":102.51,"end":103.23},{"text":"constraints","start":103.23,"end":104.11},{"text":"has","start":104.11,"end":104.35},{"text":"widened.","start":104.35,"end":105.07}]},{"text":"with advanced technologies employed on the battlefield, amplifying the risk of harming civilians and civilian infrastructure and aggravating civilian suffering in armed conflicts.","start":105.55,"end":117.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"with","start":105.55,"end":105.71},{"text":"advanced","start":105.71,"end":106.19},{"text":"technologies","start":106.19,"end":106.83},{"text":"employed","start":106.83,"end":107.47},{"text":"on","start":107.47,"end":107.63},{"text":"the","start":107.63,"end":107.71},{"text":"battlefield,","start":107.71,"end":108.51},{"text":"amplifying","start":108.87,"end":109.47},{"text":"the","start":109.47,"end":109.59},{"text":"risk","start":109.59,"end":110.03},{"text":"of","start":110.11,"end":110.27},{"text":"harming","start":110.27,"end":110.75},{"text":"civilians","start":110.75,"end":111.63},{"text":"and","start":112.03,"end":112.23},{"text":"civilian","start":112.23,"end":112.59},{"text":"infrastructure","start":112.59,"end":113.47},{"text":"and","start":113.71,"end":113.99},{"text":"aggravating","start":114.03,"end":114.75},{"text":"civilian","start":114.75,"end":115.23},{"text":"suffering","start":115.23,"end":115.79},{"text":"in","start":115.79,"end":116.03},{"text":"armed","start":116.03,"end":116.43},{"text":"conflicts.","start":116.51,"end":117.31}]},{"text":"The development and use of autonomous weapon systems represent a further escalation, reducing human control over the use of force.","start":118.27,"end":126.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":118.27,"end":118.43},{"text":"development","start":118.43,"end":118.99},{"text":"and","start":118.99,"end":119.15},{"text":"use","start":119.15,"end":119.47},{"text":"of","start":119.47,"end":119.79},{"text":"autonomous","start":119.79,"end":120.35},{"text":"weapon","start":120.35,"end":120.67},{"text":"systems","start":120.67,"end":121.31},{"text":"represent","start":121.31,"end":121.87},{"text":"a","start":121.87,"end":121.95},{"text":"further","start":121.95,"end":122.43},{"text":"escalation,","start":122.43,"end":123.31},{"text":"reducing","start":123.63,"end":124.11},{"text":"human","start":124.11,"end":124.51},{"text":"control","start":124.51,"end":125.07},{"text":"over","start":125.07,"end":125.39},{"text":"the","start":125.39,"end":125.51},{"text":"use","start":125.51,"end":125.67},{"text":"of","start":125.67,"end":125.79},{"text":"force.","start":125.79,"end":126.43}]},{"text":"Autonomous weapon systems are not part of a distant future.","start":127.07,"end":131.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Autonomous","start":127.07,"end":127.63},{"text":"weapon","start":127.63,"end":128.03},{"text":"systems","start":128.03,"end":128.59},{"text":"are","start":128.59,"end":128.71},{"text":"not","start":128.71,"end":129.23},{"text":"part","start":129.23,"end":129.79},{"text":"of","start":130.11,"end":130.27},{"text":"a","start":130.27,"end":130.31},{"text":"distant","start":130.31,"end":130.71},{"text":"future.","start":130.71,"end":131.31}]},{"text":"A race towards greater autonomy in weapon systems is already well underway.","start":131.83,"end":137.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"A","start":131.83,"end":131.87},{"text":"race","start":131.87,"end":132.31},{"text":"towards","start":132.31,"end":132.71},{"text":"greater","start":132.71,"end":133.11},{"text":"autonomy","start":133.19,"end":133.91},{"text":"in","start":134.07,"end":134.23},{"text":"weapon","start":134.23,"end":134.63},{"text":"systems","start":134.63,"end":136.15},{"text":"is","start":136.39,"end":136.55},{"text":"already","start":136.55,"end":136.95},{"text":"well","start":136.95,"end":137.27},{"text":"underway.","start":137.27,"end":137.99}]},{"text":"At the same time, scientists and engineers developing these systems have themselves raised the alarm.","start":138.63,"end":145.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":138.63,"end":138.75},{"text":"the","start":138.75,"end":138.83},{"text":"same","start":138.83,"end":139.11},{"text":"time,","start":139.11,"end":139.59},{"text":"scientists","start":139.99,"end":140.63},{"text":"and","start":140.63,"end":140.75},{"text":"engineers","start":140.75,"end":141.51},{"text":"developing","start":141.75,"end":142.31},{"text":"these","start":142.31,"end":142.51},{"text":"systems","start":142.51,"end":143.19},{"text":"have","start":143.19,"end":143.51},{"text":"themselves","start":143.51,"end":144.23},{"text":"raised","start":144.23,"end":144.75},{"text":"the","start":144.75,"end":144.99},{"text":"alarm.","start":145.03,"end":145.59}]},{"text":"When the architects of this technology are calling for limits, states cannot afford to remain passive.","start":145.91,"end":152.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"When","start":145.91,"end":146.15},{"text":"the","start":146.15,"end":146.27},{"text":"architects","start":146.31,"end":146.87},{"text":"of","start":146.91,"end":146.99},{"text":"this","start":146.99,"end":147.19},{"text":"technology","start":147.19,"end":147.79},{"text":"are","start":147.79,"end":147.87},{"text":"calling","start":147.87,"end":148.23},{"text":"for","start":148.23,"end":148.39},{"text":"limits,","start":148.39,"end":148.95},{"text":"states","start":149.43,"end":149.99},{"text":"cannot","start":149.99,"end":150.55},{"text":"afford","start":150.63,"end":151.11},{"text":"to","start":151.11,"end":151.35},{"text":"remain","start":151.35,"end":151.83},{"text":"passive.","start":151.83,"end":152.39}]},{"text":"This year must mark a turning point.","start":153.43,"end":156.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":153.43,"end":153.83},{"text":"year","start":153.83,"end":154.31},{"text":"must","start":154.47,"end":154.75},{"text":"mark","start":154.75,"end":155.11},{"text":"a","start":155.19,"end":155.23},{"text":"turning","start":155.23,"end":155.67},{"text":"point.","start":155.67,"end":156.31}]},{"text":"States have laid important groundwork through the United Nations General Assembly and the Group of Governmental Experts under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons.","start":157.03,"end":167.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"States","start":157.03,"end":157.59},{"text":"have","start":157.59,"end":157.83},{"text":"laid","start":157.83,"end":158.23},{"text":"important","start":158.23,"end":158.91},{"text":"groundwork","start":158.91,"end":159.59},{"text":"through","start":159.59,"end":159.83},{"text":"the","start":159.83,"end":159.99},{"text":"United","start":159.99,"end":160.43},{"text":"Nations","start":160.43,"end":160.87},{"text":"General","start":160.87,"end":161.35},{"text":"Assembly","start":161.35,"end":161.99},{"text":"and","start":162.23,"end":162.39},{"text":"the","start":162.39,"end":162.47},{"text":"Group","start":162.47,"end":162.71},{"text":"of","start":162.71,"end":162.87},{"text":"Governmental","start":162.87,"end":163.43},{"text":"Experts","start":163.43,"end":164.07},{"text":"under","start":164.39,"end":164.71},{"text":"the","start":164.71,"end":164.79},{"text":"Convention","start":164.79,"end":165.35},{"text":"on","start":165.35,"end":165.43},{"text":"Certain","start":165.43,"end":165.99},{"text":"Conventional","start":166.15,"end":166.87},{"text":"Weapons.","start":166.87,"end":167.59}]},{"text":"Significant progress has been made towards a shared understanding of the human judgment and control required and of the measures necessary to ensure compliance with international humanitarian law, address ethical concerns, and reduce human suffering.","start":168.39,"end":185.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Significant","start":168.39,"end":169.11},{"text":"progress","start":169.11,"end":169.51},{"text":"has","start":169.51,"end":169.67},{"text":"been","start":169.67,"end":169.83},{"text":"made","start":169.83,"end":170.31},{"text":"towards","start":170.55,"end":171.03},{"text":"a","start":171.19,"end":171.23},{"text":"shared","start":171.23,"end":171.67},{"text":"understanding","start":171.67,"end":172.43},{"text":"of","start":172.43,"end":172.55},{"text":"the","start":172.55,"end":172.67},{"text":"human","start":172.67,"end":172.95},{"text":"judgment","start":172.95,"end":173.67},{"text":"and","start":173.91,"end":174.15},{"text":"control","start":174.15,"end":174.87},{"text":"required","start":174.95,"end":175.83},{"text":"and","start":176.23,"end":176.43},{"text":"of","start":176.43,"end":176.55},{"text":"the","start":176.55,"end":176.63},{"text":"measures","start":176.63,"end":177.11},{"text":"necessary","start":177.11,"end":177.83},{"text":"to","start":177.83,"end":178.03},{"text":"ensure","start":178.03,"end":178.39},{"text":"compliance","start":178.39,"end":179.27},{"text":"with","start":179.27,"end":179.51},{"text":"international","start":179.55,"end":180.19},{"text":"humanitarian","start":180.19,"end":180.95},{"text":"law,","start":181.03,"end":181.23},{"text":"address","start":181.83,"end":182.31},{"text":"ethical","start":182.31,"end":182.71},{"text":"concerns,","start":182.71,"end":183.51},{"text":"and","start":183.59,"end":183.75},{"text":"reduce","start":183.75,"end":184.31},{"text":"human","start":184.39,"end":184.71},{"text":"suffering.","start":184.87,"end":185.51}]},{"text":"States must show political courage and move beyond incremental discussions towards decisive action.","start":186.67,"end":193.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"States","start":186.67,"end":187.15},{"text":"must","start":187.15,"end":187.63},{"text":"show","start":187.63,"end":188.11},{"text":"political","start":188.11,"end":188.59},{"text":"courage","start":188.59,"end":189.31},{"text":"and","start":189.35,"end":189.47},{"text":"move","start":189.47,"end":189.79},{"text":"beyond","start":189.79,"end":190.43},{"text":"incremental","start":190.43,"end":191.07},{"text":"discussions","start":191.07,"end":191.71},{"text":"towards","start":191.71,"end":192.19},{"text":"decisive","start":192.19,"end":192.67},{"text":"action.","start":192.67,"end":193.15}]},{"text":"Negotiations must begin now to urgently adopt a legally binding instrument to regulate autonomous weapons systems with clear prohibitions and restrictions.","start":193.87,"end":204.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Negotiations","start":193.87,"end":194.59},{"text":"must","start":194.59,"end":194.79},{"text":"begin","start":194.79,"end":195.19},{"text":"now","start":195.19,"end":195.47},{"text":"to","start":195.47,"end":195.79},{"text":"urgently","start":195.79,"end":196.31},{"text":"adopt","start":196.31,"end":196.83},{"text":"a","start":197.07,"end":197.11},{"text":"legally","start":197.11,"end":197.55},{"text":"binding","start":197.55,"end":198.11},{"text":"instrument","start":198.11,"end":198.91},{"text":"to","start":199.31,"end":199.39},{"text":"regulate","start":199.39,"end":200.11},{"text":"autonomous","start":200.11,"end":200.43},{"text":"weapons","start":200.43,"end":200.83},{"text":"systems","start":200.83,"end":201.47},{"text":"with","start":201.71,"end":201.95},{"text":"clear","start":201.95,"end":202.35},{"text":"prohibitions","start":202.35,"end":203.23},{"text":"and","start":203.23,"end":203.39},{"text":"restrictions.","start":203.39,"end":204.27}]},{"text":"A failure to act quickly and decisively will cost lives.","start":204.99,"end":209.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"A","start":204.99,"end":205.03},{"text":"failure","start":205.03,"end":205.39},{"text":"to","start":205.39,"end":205.59},{"text":"act","start":205.59,"end":205.95},{"text":"quickly","start":205.95,"end":206.59},{"text":"and","start":206.59,"end":206.75},{"text":"decisively","start":206.75,"end":207.47},{"text":"will","start":207.79,"end":208.03},{"text":"cost","start":208.03,"end":208.51},{"text":"lives.","start":208.67,"end":209.31}]},{"text":"It will leave future generations to inherit a world in which the absence of clear and specific prohibitions and restrictions on these weapons opens the door to practices that would erode the protections international humanitarian law is meant to guarantee.","start":209.87,"end":227.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":209.87,"end":209.99},{"text":"will","start":209.99,"end":210.15},{"text":"leave","start":210.15,"end":210.35},{"text":"future","start":210.35,"end":210.79},{"text":"generations","start":210.79,"end":211.47},{"text":"to","start":211.47,"end":211.55},{"text":"inherit","start":211.55,"end":212.27},{"text":"a","start":212.27,"end":212.35},{"text":"world","start":212.35,"end":212.91},{"text":"in","start":213.23,"end":213.35},{"text":"which","start":213.35,"end":213.79},{"text":"the","start":213.95,"end":214.15},{"text":"absence","start":214.19,"end":214.83},{"text":"of","start":214.83,"end":215.15},{"text":"clear","start":215.47,"end":215.95},{"text":"and","start":216.51,"end":216.67},{"text":"specific","start":216.67,"end":217.23},{"text":"prohibitions","start":217.23,"end":217.95},{"text":"and","start":217.95,"end":218.11},{"text":"restrictions","start":218.11,"end":218.79},{"text":"on","start":218.79,"end":218.91},{"text":"these","start":218.91,"end":219.11},{"text":"weapons","start":219.11,"end":219.71},{"text":"opens","start":219.95,"end":220.35},{"text":"the","start":220.35,"end":220.47},{"text":"door","start":220.47,"end":220.83},{"text":"to","start":220.83,"end":220.99},{"text":"practices","start":220.99,"end":221.87},{"text":"that","start":222.03,"end":222.27},{"text":"would","start":222.27,"end":222.51},{"text":"erode","start":222.55,"end":223.23},{"text":"the","start":223.23,"end":223.31},{"text":"protections","start":223.31,"end":224.11},{"text":"international","start":224.27,"end":224.95},{"text":"humanitarian","start":224.95,"end":225.55},{"text":"law","start":225.55,"end":225.75},{"text":"is","start":226.03,"end":226.19},{"text":"meant","start":226.19,"end":226.47},{"text":"to","start":226.47,"end":226.55},{"text":"guarantee.","start":226.55,"end":227.23}]},{"text":"A world where accountability is increasingly elusive, as responsibility for errors and breaches of applicable rules become harder to establish.","start":227.95,"end":237.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"A","start":227.95,"end":227.99},{"text":"world","start":227.99,"end":228.23},{"text":"where","start":228.23,"end":228.59},{"text":"accountability","start":228.59,"end":229.31},{"text":"is","start":229.31,"end":229.39},{"text":"increasingly","start":229.39,"end":230.07},{"text":"elusive,","start":230.07,"end":230.67},{"text":"as","start":231.47,"end":231.63},{"text":"responsibility","start":231.63,"end":232.43},{"text":"for","start":232.43,"end":232.67},{"text":"errors","start":232.67,"end":233.31},{"text":"and","start":233.31,"end":233.55},{"text":"breaches","start":233.55,"end":234.19},{"text":"of","start":234.19,"end":234.31},{"text":"applicable","start":234.43,"end":235.07},{"text":"rules","start":235.07,"end":235.55},{"text":"become","start":235.55,"end":236.03},{"text":"harder","start":236.03,"end":236.51},{"text":"to","start":236.51,"end":236.71},{"text":"establish.","start":236.71,"end":237.47}]},{"text":"States have responsibility to those already suffering the consequences of today's conflicts, and to those who will inherit the world that is now being shaped.","start":238.43,"end":247.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"States","start":238.43,"end":238.91},{"text":"have","start":238.99,"end":239.15},{"text":"responsibility","start":239.15,"end":240.11},{"text":"to","start":240.11,"end":240.23},{"text":"those","start":240.23,"end":240.59},{"text":"already","start":240.67,"end":241.07},{"text":"suffering","start":241.07,"end":241.63},{"text":"the","start":241.63,"end":241.71},{"text":"consequences","start":241.71,"end":242.39},{"text":"of","start":242.39,"end":242.51},{"text":"today's","start":242.51,"end":242.99},{"text":"conflicts,","start":242.99,"end":243.71},{"text":"and","start":243.99,"end":244.19},{"text":"to","start":244.19,"end":244.27},{"text":"those","start":244.27,"end":244.63},{"text":"who","start":244.63,"end":244.79},{"text":"will","start":244.79,"end":245.03},{"text":"inherit","start":245.03,"end":245.51},{"text":"the","start":245.51,"end":245.67},{"text":"world","start":245.67,"end":246.15},{"text":"that","start":246.39,"end":246.55},{"text":"is","start":246.55,"end":246.71},{"text":"now","start":246.71,"end":246.95},{"text":"being","start":246.95,"end":247.27},{"text":"shaped.","start":247.27,"end":247.91}]},{"text":"Future generations will ask whether leaders acted when there was still a chance to set limits before these weapons proliferated beyond control.","start":248.71,"end":257.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Future","start":248.71,"end":249.03},{"text":"generations","start":249.03,"end":249.75},{"text":"will","start":249.75,"end":249.95},{"text":"ask","start":249.95,"end":250.11},{"text":"whether","start":250.11,"end":250.47},{"text":"leaders","start":250.47,"end":251.11},{"text":"acted","start":251.11,"end":251.75},{"text":"when","start":251.91,"end":252.23},{"text":"there","start":252.23,"end":252.35},{"text":"was","start":252.35,"end":252.47},{"text":"still","start":252.47,"end":252.83},{"text":"a","start":252.83,"end":252.87},{"text":"chance","start":252.87,"end":253.27},{"text":"to","start":253.27,"end":253.39},{"text":"set","start":253.39,"end":253.75},{"text":"limits","start":253.75,"end":254.23},{"text":"before","start":254.55,"end":254.87},{"text":"these","start":254.87,"end":255.19},{"text":"weapons","start":255.19,"end":255.67},{"text":"proliferated","start":255.67,"end":256.47},{"text":"beyond","start":256.47,"end":256.87},{"text":"control.","start":256.87,"end":257.43}]},{"text":"The upcoming seventh review conference on the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons in November offers the clearest path available for states to decide to move to negotiate a legally binding instrument.","start":258.31,"end":271.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":258.31,"end":258.43},{"text":"upcoming","start":258.47,"end":259.03},{"text":"seventh","start":259.03,"end":259.51},{"text":"review","start":259.59,"end":259.91},{"text":"conference","start":259.91,"end":260.51},{"text":"on","start":260.51,"end":260.59},{"text":"the","start":260.59,"end":260.71},{"text":"Convention","start":260.71,"end":261.27},{"text":"on","start":261.27,"end":261.35},{"text":"Certain","start":261.35,"end":261.75},{"text":"Conventional","start":261.75,"end":262.31},{"text":"Weapons","start":262.31,"end":262.87},{"text":"in","start":262.87,"end":263.15},{"text":"November","start":263.15,"end":263.67},{"text":"offers","start":264.15,"end":264.47},{"text":"the","start":264.47,"end":264.59},{"text":"clearest","start":264.59,"end":265.07},{"text":"path","start":265.07,"end":265.31},{"text":"available","start":265.83,"end":266.35},{"text":"for","start":266.35,"end":266.51},{"text":"states","start":266.51,"end":267.11},{"text":"to","start":267.27,"end":267.43},{"text":"decide","start":267.43,"end":267.99},{"text":"to","start":267.99,"end":268.19},{"text":"move","start":268.19,"end":268.63},{"text":"to","start":268.71,"end":268.87},{"text":"negotiate","start":268.87,"end":269.59},{"text":"a","start":269.75,"end":269.79},{"text":"legally","start":269.79,"end":270.15},{"text":"binding","start":270.47,"end":270.95},{"text":"instrument.","start":270.95,"end":271.67}]},{"text":"The painstaking work undertaken over the past three years forms the ideal basis for such negotiations and must not be lost.","start":272.39,"end":281.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":272.39,"end":272.59},{"text":"painstaking","start":272.59,"end":273.35},{"text":"work","start":273.35,"end":273.83},{"text":"undertaken","start":273.83,"end":274.55},{"text":"over","start":274.55,"end":274.79},{"text":"the","start":274.79,"end":274.91},{"text":"past","start":274.91,"end":275.23},{"text":"three","start":275.23,"end":275.51},{"text":"years","start":275.51,"end":275.91},{"text":"forms","start":276.15,"end":276.63},{"text":"the","start":276.63,"end":276.75},{"text":"ideal","start":276.79,"end":277.27},{"text":"basis","start":277.27,"end":277.75},{"text":"for","start":277.75,"end":277.91},{"text":"such","start":277.91,"end":278.31},{"text":"negotiations","start":278.31,"end":279.11},{"text":"and","start":279.43,"end":279.59},{"text":"must","start":279.59,"end":279.83},{"text":"not","start":279.83,"end":280.15},{"text":"be","start":280.15,"end":280.39},{"text":"lost.","start":280.39,"end":281.03}]},{"text":"We urge states to seize this moment.","start":281.51,"end":285.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":281.51,"end":281.83},{"text":"urge","start":281.83,"end":282.31},{"text":"states","start":282.39,"end":283.19},{"text":"to","start":283.59,"end":283.67},{"text":"seize","start":283.75,"end":284.23},{"text":"this","start":284.31,"end":284.71},{"text":"moment.","start":284.87,"end":285.59}]},{"text":"Continuing to design weapon systems that make it easier to wage war will only undermine our collective efforts towards a more peaceful world.","start":286.23,"end":295.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Continuing","start":286.23,"end":286.79},{"text":"to","start":286.79,"end":286.95},{"text":"design","start":286.95,"end":287.43},{"text":"weapon","start":287.43,"end":287.75},{"text":"systems","start":287.75,"end":288.39},{"text":"that","start":288.39,"end":288.59},{"text":"make","start":288.59,"end":288.87},{"text":"it","start":288.87,"end":289.03},{"text":"easier","start":289.03,"end":289.43},{"text":"to","start":289.43,"end":289.63},{"text":"wage","start":289.63,"end":290.07},{"text":"war","start":290.07,"end":290.47},{"text":"will","start":290.71,"end":291.19},{"text":"only","start":291.19,"end":291.51},{"text":"undermine","start":291.51,"end":292.23},{"text":"our","start":292.23,"end":292.47},{"text":"collective","start":292.47,"end":292.95},{"text":"efforts","start":292.95,"end":293.51},{"text":"towards","start":293.75,"end":294.23},{"text":"a","start":294.23,"end":294.31},{"text":"more","start":294.31,"end":294.55},{"text":"peaceful","start":294.55,"end":295.19},{"text":"world.","start":295.19,"end":295.83}]},{"text":"The path is clear, the need is urgent.","start":296.55,"end":300.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":296.55,"end":296.71},{"text":"path","start":296.71,"end":297.19},{"text":"is","start":297.19,"end":297.51},{"text":"clear,","start":297.51,"end":297.99},{"text":"the","start":298.31,"end":298.43},{"text":"need","start":298.43,"end":298.87},{"text":"is","start":298.95,"end":299.27},{"text":"urgent.","start":299.43,"end":300.07}]},{"text":"Innovation must serve humanity, not endanger it.","start":300.43,"end":304.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Innovation","start":300.43,"end":301.07},{"text":"must","start":301.07,"end":301.31},{"text":"serve","start":301.31,"end":301.79},{"text":"humanity,","start":301.79,"end":302.59},{"text":"not","start":302.67,"end":303.07},{"text":"endanger","start":303.07,"end":303.79},{"text":"it.","start":303.79,"end":304.11}]},{"text":"And this is the end of the renewed call.","start":304.51,"end":306.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":304.51,"end":304.63},{"text":"this","start":304.63,"end":304.83},{"text":"is","start":304.83,"end":304.91},{"text":"the","start":304.91,"end":305.03},{"text":"end","start":305.07,"end":305.47},{"text":"of","start":305.55,"end":305.71},{"text":"the","start":305.71,"end":305.83},{"text":"renewed","start":305.83,"end":306.27},{"text":"call.","start":306.27,"end":306.59}]},{"text":"And I would like now to give the floor to Caroline Melanie Regimbal, who is the Chief of Service of the UN Office for Disarmament Affairs here in Geneva.","start":307.23,"end":315.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":307.23,"end":307.39},{"text":"I","start":307.39,"end":307.43},{"text":"would","start":307.43,"end":307.55},{"text":"like","start":307.55,"end":307.79},{"text":"now","start":307.79,"end":308.03},{"text":"to","start":308.03,"end":308.15},{"text":"give","start":308.15,"end":308.35},{"text":"the","start":308.35,"end":308.47},{"text":"floor","start":308.47,"end":308.91},{"text":"to","start":309.39,"end":309.55},{"text":"Caroline","start":309.55,"end":310.11},{"text":"Melanie","start":310.11,"end":310.91},{"text":"Regimbal,","start":310.99,"end":311.63},{"text":"who","start":311.63,"end":311.71},{"text":"is","start":311.71,"end":311.87},{"text":"the","start":311.87,"end":311.95},{"text":"Chief","start":311.95,"end":312.27},{"text":"of","start":312.27,"end":312.35},{"text":"Service","start":312.35,"end":312.91},{"text":"of","start":312.91,"end":313.07},{"text":"the","start":313.07,"end":313.15},{"text":"UN","start":313.15,"end":313.39},{"text":"Office","start":313.39,"end":313.67},{"text":"for","start":313.67,"end":313.79},{"text":"Disarmament","start":313.79,"end":314.43},{"text":"Affairs","start":314.43,"end":314.83},{"text":"here","start":314.83,"end":315.03},{"text":"in","start":315.03,"end":315.15},{"text":"Geneva.","start":315.15,"end":315.63}]},{"text":"Melanie.","start":315.87,"end":316.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Melanie.","start":315.87,"end":316.35}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":2,"start":317.87,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=318","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madame Alessandra, for this introduction and for sharing with us the joint appeal that has is essentially a renewed call from the UN Secretary-General and the President of the ICRC, which comes at a very key moment for the international efforts on autonomous weapons systems.","start":317.87,"end":339.79,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":317.87,"end":318.27},{"text":"you,","start":318.27,"end":319.07},{"text":"Madame","start":319.47,"end":319.79},{"text":"Alessandra,","start":319.83,"end":320.43},{"text":"for","start":320.43,"end":321.23},{"text":"this","start":321.23,"end":321.47},{"text":"introduction","start":321.47,"end":322.35},{"text":"and","start":322.35,"end":322.71},{"text":"for","start":322.71,"end":323.23},{"text":"sharing","start":323.47,"end":323.95},{"text":"with","start":323.95,"end":324.27},{"text":"us","start":324.27,"end":324.59},{"text":"the","start":324.83,"end":324.95},{"text":"joint","start":324.95,"end":325.31},{"text":"appeal","start":325.31,"end":325.87},{"text":"that","start":326.27,"end":326.51},{"text":"has","start":326.51,"end":326.71},{"text":"is","start":326.83,"end":327.15},{"text":"essentially","start":327.39,"end":328.27},{"text":"a","start":328.27,"end":328.31},{"text":"renewed","start":328.31,"end":328.75},{"text":"call","start":328.75,"end":329.23},{"text":"from","start":329.23,"end":329.55},{"text":"the","start":329.55,"end":329.67},{"text":"UN","start":329.67,"end":329.95},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":329.95,"end":331.15},{"text":"and","start":331.39,"end":331.63},{"text":"the","start":331.63,"end":331.71},{"text":"President","start":331.71,"end":332.43},{"text":"of","start":332.51,"end":332.75},{"text":"the","start":332.75,"end":332.91},{"text":"ICRC,","start":332.99,"end":334.03},{"text":"which","start":334.31,"end":334.59},{"text":"comes","start":334.59,"end":334.91},{"text":"at","start":334.91,"end":334.99},{"text":"a","start":334.99,"end":335.03},{"text":"very","start":335.03,"end":335.35},{"text":"key","start":335.35,"end":335.63},{"text":"moment","start":335.63,"end":336.19},{"text":"for","start":336.19,"end":336.43},{"text":"the","start":336.43,"end":336.55},{"text":"international","start":336.55,"end":337.31},{"text":"efforts","start":337.31,"end":337.79},{"text":"on","start":337.79,"end":338.11},{"text":"autonomous","start":338.15,"end":338.75},{"text":"weapons","start":338.75,"end":339.11},{"text":"systems.","start":339.11,"end":339.79}]},{"text":"The central message of this joint appeal is very clear.","start":340.31,"end":343.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":340.31,"end":340.43},{"text":"central","start":340.43,"end":340.87},{"text":"message","start":340.87,"end":341.39},{"text":"of","start":341.39,"end":341.51},{"text":"this","start":341.51,"end":341.75},{"text":"joint","start":341.75,"end":342.07},{"text":"appeal","start":342.07,"end":342.47},{"text":"is","start":342.47,"end":342.71},{"text":"very","start":342.71,"end":343.03},{"text":"clear.","start":343.03,"end":343.59}]},{"text":"There is an urgent need to begin negotiations on legally binding instruments to regulate autonomous weapons systems with clear prohibitions and restrictions.","start":343.83,"end":355.91,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."},{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":343.83,"end":344.03},{"text":"is","start":344.03,"end":344.15},{"text":"an","start":344.15,"end":344.31},{"text":"urgent","start":344.31,"end":344.79},{"text":"need","start":344.79,"end":345.19},{"text":"to","start":345.19,"end":345.31},{"text":"begin","start":345.31,"end":345.71},{"text":"negotiations","start":345.71,"end":346.79},{"text":"on","start":346.79,"end":347.03},{"text":"legally","start":347.03,"end":347.43},{"text":"binding","start":347.43,"end":347.91},{"text":"instruments","start":347.91,"end":348.63},{"text":"to","start":348.95,"end":349.15},{"text":"regulate","start":349.15,"end":349.83},{"text":"autonomous","start":349.87,"end":350.55},{"text":"weapons","start":350.55,"end":351.03},{"text":"systems","start":351.03,"end":351.67},{"text":"with","start":352.31,"end":352.55},{"text":"clear","start":352.63,"end":353.19},{"text":"prohibitions","start":353.59,"end":354.55},{"text":"and","start":354.71,"end":354.95},{"text":"restrictions.","start":354.95,"end":355.91}]},{"text":"And we're no longer starting from a blank page.","start":356.47,"end":359.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":356.47,"end":356.67},{"text":"we're","start":356.67,"end":356.87},{"text":"no","start":356.87,"end":357.11},{"text":"longer","start":357.11,"end":357.51},{"text":"starting","start":357.51,"end":357.91},{"text":"from","start":357.91,"end":358.15},{"text":"a","start":358.15,"end":358.23},{"text":"blank","start":358.23,"end":358.55},{"text":"page.","start":358.55,"end":359.11}]},{"text":"More than a decade of substantive and technical work has taken place within the Group of Governmental Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, or better known as the CCW.","start":359.59,"end":374.31,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"More","start":359.59,"end":359.83},{"text":"than","start":359.83,"end":360.11},{"text":"a","start":360.11,"end":360.15},{"text":"decade","start":360.15,"end":360.71},{"text":"of","start":360.71,"end":360.79},{"text":"substantive","start":360.79,"end":361.83},{"text":"and","start":361.83,"end":362.11},{"text":"technical","start":362.11,"end":362.67},{"text":"work","start":362.67,"end":363.03},{"text":"has","start":363.03,"end":363.27},{"text":"taken","start":363.27,"end":363.59},{"text":"place","start":363.59,"end":364.07},{"text":"within","start":364.07,"end":364.55},{"text":"the","start":364.55,"end":364.63},{"text":"Group","start":364.63,"end":364.95},{"text":"of","start":364.95,"end":365.11},{"text":"Governmental","start":365.11,"end":365.83},{"text":"Experts","start":365.83,"end":366.47},{"text":"on","start":366.79,"end":366.95},{"text":"Lethal","start":366.95,"end":367.47},{"text":"Autonomous","start":367.47,"end":368.07},{"text":"Weapon","start":368.07,"end":368.47},{"text":"Systems","start":368.47,"end":369.11},{"text":"under","start":369.35,"end":369.67},{"text":"the","start":369.67,"end":369.75},{"text":"Convention","start":369.75,"end":370.55},{"text":"on","start":370.55,"end":370.71},{"text":"Certain","start":370.71,"end":371.11},{"text":"Conventional","start":371.11,"end":371.75},{"text":"Weapons,","start":371.75,"end":372.31},{"text":"or","start":372.31,"end":372.47},{"text":"better","start":372.47,"end":372.79},{"text":"known","start":372.79,"end":373.11},{"text":"as","start":373.11,"end":373.31},{"text":"the","start":373.31,"end":373.39},{"text":"CCW.","start":373.39,"end":374.31}]},{"text":"This work has been instrumental in building understanding, expertise, and areas of convergence amongst the states.","start":375.11,"end":382.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":375.11,"end":375.43},{"text":"work","start":375.43,"end":375.67},{"text":"has","start":375.67,"end":375.83},{"text":"been","start":375.83,"end":376.03},{"text":"instrumental","start":376.03,"end":376.79},{"text":"in","start":376.79,"end":377.03},{"text":"building","start":377.03,"end":377.51},{"text":"understanding,","start":377.51,"end":378.39},{"text":"expertise,","start":378.55,"end":379.59},{"text":"and","start":379.59,"end":379.75},{"text":"areas","start":379.75,"end":380.27},{"text":"of","start":380.27,"end":380.39},{"text":"convergence","start":380.39,"end":381.27},{"text":"amongst","start":381.43,"end":381.83},{"text":"the","start":381.83,"end":381.95},{"text":"states.","start":381.95,"end":382.47}]},{"text":"It's important, however, to distinguish between preparing for a substantive foundation for an instrument and negotiating one.","start":383.31,"end":391.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":383.31,"end":383.55},{"text":"important,","start":383.55,"end":384.11},{"text":"however,","start":384.11,"end":384.83},{"text":"to","start":384.83,"end":384.99},{"text":"distinguish","start":384.99,"end":385.79},{"text":"between","start":385.79,"end":386.19},{"text":"preparing","start":386.19,"end":386.91},{"text":"for","start":386.91,"end":387.11},{"text":"a","start":387.11,"end":387.15},{"text":"substantive","start":387.15,"end":387.87},{"text":"foundation","start":387.87,"end":388.67},{"text":"for","start":388.67,"end":388.87},{"text":"an","start":388.87,"end":388.99},{"text":"instrument","start":388.99,"end":389.71},{"text":"and","start":390.03,"end":390.31},{"text":"negotiating","start":390.31,"end":391.07},{"text":"one.","start":391.07,"end":391.39}]},{"text":"At this stage, the Group of Governmental Experts is not mandated to negotiate an instrument, but rather to elaborate a set of elements of an instrument without prejudging its nature.","start":392.03,"end":406.67,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":392.03,"end":392.27},{"text":"this","start":392.27,"end":392.55},{"text":"stage,","start":392.55,"end":393.15},{"text":"the","start":393.31,"end":393.51},{"text":"Group","start":393.51,"end":393.87},{"text":"of","start":393.99,"end":394.11},{"text":"Governmental","start":394.11,"end":394.83},{"text":"Experts","start":394.83,"end":395.55},{"text":"is","start":395.87,"end":396.19},{"text":"not","start":396.19,"end":396.75},{"text":"mandated","start":396.83,"end":397.59},{"text":"to","start":397.59,"end":397.83},{"text":"negotiate","start":397.83,"end":398.51},{"text":"an","start":398.51,"end":398.59},{"text":"instrument,","start":398.59,"end":399.23},{"text":"but","start":399.55,"end":399.95},{"text":"rather","start":399.95,"end":400.43},{"text":"to","start":400.43,"end":400.67},{"text":"elaborate","start":400.67,"end":401.43},{"text":"a","start":401.43,"end":401.47},{"text":"set","start":401.47,"end":401.91},{"text":"of","start":401.91,"end":402.11},{"text":"elements","start":402.19,"end":402.83},{"text":"of","start":403.07,"end":403.27},{"text":"an","start":403.27,"end":403.35},{"text":"instrument","start":403.35,"end":404.11},{"text":"without","start":404.43,"end":405.07},{"text":"prejudging","start":405.07,"end":405.87},{"text":"its","start":405.87,"end":406.11},{"text":"nature.","start":406.11,"end":406.67}]},{"text":"So whatever the outcomes next week, this work will provide states with substantive basis to move forward to the next phase.","start":407.27,"end":415.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":407.27,"end":407.47},{"text":"whatever","start":407.47,"end":407.91},{"text":"the","start":407.91,"end":408.03},{"text":"outcomes","start":408.15,"end":408.79},{"text":"next","start":409.03,"end":409.35},{"text":"week,","start":409.35,"end":409.75},{"text":"this","start":409.91,"end":410.15},{"text":"work","start":410.15,"end":410.39},{"text":"will","start":410.39,"end":410.51},{"text":"provide","start":410.51,"end":410.95},{"text":"states","start":410.95,"end":411.51},{"text":"with","start":411.51,"end":411.67},{"text":"substantive","start":411.67,"end":412.63},{"text":"basis","start":412.63,"end":413.19},{"text":"to","start":413.19,"end":413.43},{"text":"move","start":413.43,"end":413.79},{"text":"forward","start":413.79,"end":414.27},{"text":"to","start":414.27,"end":414.39},{"text":"the","start":414.39,"end":414.51},{"text":"next","start":414.51,"end":414.91},{"text":"phase.","start":414.91,"end":415.35}]},{"text":"As recognized in the appeal, the key political milestone ahead is the seventh review conference of the CCW, which will take place here in Geneva in November.","start":416.47,"end":427.67,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":416.47,"end":416.71},{"text":"recognized","start":416.71,"end":417.43},{"text":"in","start":417.43,"end":417.59},{"text":"the","start":417.59,"end":417.71},{"text":"appeal,","start":417.75,"end":418.39},{"text":"the","start":418.79,"end":418.91},{"text":"key","start":418.91,"end":419.19},{"text":"political","start":419.19,"end":419.75},{"text":"milestone","start":419.75,"end":420.87},{"text":"ahead","start":420.87,"end":421.27},{"text":"is","start":421.43,"end":421.67},{"text":"the","start":421.67,"end":421.83},{"text":"seventh","start":421.83,"end":422.39},{"text":"review","start":422.47,"end":422.87},{"text":"conference","start":422.87,"end":423.51},{"text":"of","start":423.59,"end":423.83},{"text":"the","start":423.83,"end":423.91},{"text":"CCW,","start":423.91,"end":424.79},{"text":"which","start":424.79,"end":425.03},{"text":"will","start":425.03,"end":425.19},{"text":"take","start":425.19,"end":425.43},{"text":"place","start":425.43,"end":425.75},{"text":"here","start":425.75,"end":426.11},{"text":"in","start":426.11,"end":426.23},{"text":"Geneva","start":426.23,"end":426.79},{"text":"in","start":426.79,"end":427.07},{"text":"November.","start":427.07,"end":427.67}]},{"text":"and will provide states with an opportunity to decide on whether or not to launch negotiations on an instrument on laws.","start":428.19,"end":437.87,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":428.19,"end":428.35},{"text":"will","start":428.35,"end":428.51},{"text":"provide","start":428.51,"end":428.99},{"text":"states","start":428.99,"end":429.63},{"text":"with","start":429.63,"end":429.87},{"text":"an","start":429.87,"end":429.95},{"text":"opportunity","start":429.95,"end":430.83},{"text":"to","start":430.83,"end":431.11},{"text":"decide","start":431.15,"end":431.87},{"text":"on","start":432.35,"end":432.67},{"text":"whether","start":432.75,"end":433.31},{"text":"or","start":433.31,"end":433.47},{"text":"not","start":433.47,"end":433.91},{"text":"to","start":433.91,"end":434.03},{"text":"launch","start":434.03,"end":434.59},{"text":"negotiations","start":434.67,"end":435.87},{"text":"on","start":435.87,"end":435.95},{"text":"an","start":436.03,"end":436.35},{"text":"instrument","start":436.35,"end":437.15},{"text":"on","start":437.15,"end":437.39},{"text":"laws.","start":437.39,"end":437.87}]},{"text":"That opportunity should not be underestimated.","start":439.07,"end":441.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":439.07,"end":439.31},{"text":"opportunity","start":439.31,"end":440.19},{"text":"should","start":440.19,"end":440.47},{"text":"not","start":440.47,"end":440.71},{"text":"be","start":440.71,"end":440.91},{"text":"underestimated.","start":440.91,"end":441.87}]},{"text":"Review conferences only occur every five years and provide one of the most important opportunities to advance the work on this issue.","start":442.03,"end":450.59,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"Review","start":442.03,"end":442.43},{"text":"conferences","start":442.43,"end":443.15},{"text":"only","start":443.15,"end":443.55},{"text":"occur","start":443.55,"end":443.95},{"text":"every","start":443.95,"end":444.35},{"text":"five","start":444.35,"end":444.75},{"text":"years","start":444.75,"end":445.23},{"text":"and","start":445.55,"end":445.71},{"text":"provide","start":445.71,"end":446.19},{"text":"one","start":446.19,"end":446.39},{"text":"of","start":446.39,"end":446.47},{"text":"the","start":446.47,"end":446.59},{"text":"most","start":446.59,"end":446.99},{"text":"important","start":446.99,"end":447.63},{"text":"opportunities","start":447.63,"end":448.67},{"text":"to","start":448.67,"end":448.79},{"text":"advance","start":448.79,"end":449.31},{"text":"the","start":449.31,"end":449.47},{"text":"work","start":449.47,"end":449.79},{"text":"on","start":449.79,"end":449.95},{"text":"this","start":449.95,"end":450.19},{"text":"issue.","start":450.19,"end":450.59}]},{"text":"Meanwhile, technological developments are not waiting for the diplomatic calendar.","start":451.23,"end":456.19,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"Meanwhile,","start":451.23,"end":451.95},{"text":"technological","start":451.95,"end":452.83},{"text":"developments","start":452.83,"end":453.63},{"text":"are","start":453.63,"end":453.83},{"text":"not","start":453.83,"end":454.11},{"text":"waiting","start":454.11,"end":454.59},{"text":"for","start":454.59,"end":454.75},{"text":"the","start":454.75,"end":454.87},{"text":"diplomatic","start":454.87,"end":455.59},{"text":"calendar.","start":455.59,"end":456.19}]},{"text":"The widening gap between technological capacity and capability and regulatory restraint is increasingly evident.","start":457.07,"end":465.79,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":457.07,"end":457.23},{"text":"widening","start":457.23,"end":457.87},{"text":"gap","start":457.87,"end":458.27},{"text":"between","start":458.35,"end":458.83},{"text":"technological","start":458.91,"end":459.87},{"text":"capacity","start":459.87,"end":460.71},{"text":"and","start":460.71,"end":460.99},{"text":"capability","start":461.07,"end":462.19},{"text":"and","start":462.19,"end":462.39},{"text":"regulatory","start":462.39,"end":463.15},{"text":"restraint","start":463.15,"end":463.71},{"text":"is","start":464.11,"end":464.35},{"text":"increasingly","start":464.35,"end":465.23},{"text":"evident.","start":465.23,"end":465.79}]},{"text":"Autonomous capabilities are becoming cheaper, more accessible, and easier to integrate into existing weapon systems.","start":466.55,"end":475.23,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"Autonomous","start":466.55,"end":467.15},{"text":"capabilities","start":467.15,"end":468.19},{"text":"are","start":468.19,"end":468.43},{"text":"becoming","start":468.43,"end":469.07},{"text":"cheaper,","start":469.07,"end":469.63},{"text":"more","start":470.11,"end":470.47},{"text":"accessible,","start":470.47,"end":471.23},{"text":"and","start":471.55,"end":471.83},{"text":"easier","start":471.83,"end":472.43},{"text":"to","start":472.43,"end":472.55},{"text":"integrate","start":472.55,"end":473.15},{"text":"into","start":473.15,"end":473.51},{"text":"existing","start":473.51,"end":474.19},{"text":"weapon","start":474.19,"end":474.51},{"text":"systems.","start":474.51,"end":475.23}]},{"text":"Autonomous weapon systems that can select and engage targets without human judgment and control raise profound concerns.","start":476.23,"end":485.47,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"Autonomous","start":476.23,"end":476.75},{"text":"weapon","start":476.75,"end":477.15},{"text":"systems","start":477.15,"end":477.79},{"text":"that","start":477.79,"end":478.07},{"text":"can","start":478.07,"end":478.27},{"text":"select","start":478.27,"end":478.99},{"text":"and","start":479.15,"end":479.35},{"text":"engage","start":479.35,"end":479.87},{"text":"targets","start":479.87,"end":480.51},{"text":"without","start":480.67,"end":481.31},{"text":"human","start":481.31,"end":481.71},{"text":"judgment","start":481.71,"end":482.27},{"text":"and","start":482.27,"end":482.51},{"text":"control","start":482.51,"end":483.23},{"text":"raise","start":483.47,"end":483.95},{"text":"profound","start":483.95,"end":484.67},{"text":"concerns.","start":484.67,"end":485.47}]},{"text":"Their effects are difficult to anticipate and limit, posing challenges to compliance and international humanitarian law, increasing the risk of civilian harm, and raising fundamental ethical concerns about delegating life and death decisions to machines.","start":486.27,"end":505.39,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"Their","start":486.27,"end":486.55},{"text":"effects","start":486.55,"end":487.07},{"text":"are","start":487.07,"end":487.23},{"text":"difficult","start":487.23,"end":487.91},{"text":"to","start":487.91,"end":487.99},{"text":"anticipate","start":487.99,"end":488.83},{"text":"and","start":488.91,"end":489.23},{"text":"limit,","start":489.23,"end":489.71},{"text":"posing","start":490.27,"end":490.67},{"text":"challenges","start":490.67,"end":491.31},{"text":"to","start":491.31,"end":491.43},{"text":"compliance","start":491.43,"end":492.27},{"text":"and","start":492.27,"end":492.51},{"text":"international","start":492.51,"end":493.23},{"text":"humanitarian","start":493.23,"end":494.19},{"text":"law,","start":494.19,"end":494.51},{"text":"increasing","start":495.15,"end":495.79},{"text":"the","start":495.79,"end":495.91},{"text":"risk","start":495.91,"end":496.35},{"text":"of","start":496.43,"end":496.59},{"text":"civilian","start":496.59,"end":497.23},{"text":"harm,","start":497.23,"end":497.71},{"text":"and","start":498.03,"end":498.27},{"text":"raising","start":498.27,"end":498.67},{"text":"fundamental","start":498.67,"end":499.63},{"text":"ethical","start":499.71,"end":500.19},{"text":"concerns","start":500.19,"end":500.91},{"text":"about","start":500.99,"end":501.39},{"text":"delegating","start":501.39,"end":502.19},{"text":"life","start":502.43,"end":502.83},{"text":"and","start":502.83,"end":503.19},{"text":"death","start":503.19,"end":503.47},{"text":"decisions","start":503.47,"end":504.19},{"text":"to","start":504.19,"end":504.51},{"text":"machines.","start":504.67,"end":505.39}]},{"text":"It is therefore imperative for States to seize the current window of opportunity while such weapons systems have not yet proliferated beyond control, and to ensure that disarmament and arms control remain a norm-generating body, and that they establish clear boundaries before harmful practices become entrenched and difficult to reverse.","start":506.95,"end":533.59,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":506.95,"end":507.15},{"text":"is","start":507.15,"end":507.35},{"text":"therefore","start":507.35,"end":507.83},{"text":"imperative","start":507.83,"end":508.71},{"text":"for","start":508.71,"end":509.03},{"text":"States","start":509.03,"end":509.51},{"text":"to","start":509.51,"end":509.67},{"text":"seize","start":509.67,"end":510.15},{"text":"the","start":510.15,"end":510.31},{"text":"current","start":510.31,"end":510.79},{"text":"window","start":510.79,"end":511.15},{"text":"of","start":511.15,"end":511.35},{"text":"opportunity","start":511.35,"end":512.15},{"text":"while","start":512.39,"end":512.71},{"text":"such","start":512.71,"end":513.11},{"text":"weapons","start":513.11,"end":513.55},{"text":"systems","start":513.55,"end":514.15},{"text":"have","start":514.31,"end":514.63},{"text":"not","start":514.63,"end":514.95},{"text":"yet","start":514.95,"end":515.35},{"text":"proliferated","start":515.35,"end":516.31},{"text":"beyond","start":516.31,"end":516.71},{"text":"control,","start":516.71,"end":517.43},{"text":"and","start":517.91,"end":518.15},{"text":"to","start":518.15,"end":518.27},{"text":"ensure","start":518.27,"end":519.11},{"text":"that","start":519.11,"end":519.35},{"text":"disarmament","start":519.35,"end":520.31},{"text":"and","start":520.31,"end":520.55},{"text":"arms","start":520.55,"end":520.87},{"text":"control","start":520.87,"end":521.43},{"text":"remain","start":521.67,"end":522.23},{"text":"a","start":522.31,"end":522.35},{"text":"norm-generating","start":522.35,"end":523.75},{"text":"body,","start":524.47,"end":524.95},{"text":"and","start":525.51,"end":525.67},{"text":"that","start":525.67,"end":525.83},{"text":"they","start":525.83,"end":525.99},{"text":"establish","start":525.99,"end":526.79},{"text":"clear","start":526.95,"end":527.35},{"text":"boundaries","start":527.35,"end":528.15},{"text":"before","start":528.15,"end":528.63},{"text":"harmful","start":528.63,"end":529.19},{"text":"practices","start":529.19,"end":530.07},{"text":"become","start":530.07,"end":530.63},{"text":"entrenched","start":530.63,"end":531.43},{"text":"and","start":531.67,"end":532.03},{"text":"difficult","start":532.03,"end":532.63},{"text":"to","start":532.79,"end":532.99},{"text":"reverse.","start":532.99,"end":533.59}]},{"text":"Entering negotiations would give states the opportunity to shape the rules and ensure that these technologies are developed and used in accordance with humanitarian, legal, and ethical principles and values that the international community seeks to uphold.","start":534.59,"end":551.95,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"Entering","start":534.59,"end":534.99},{"text":"negotiations","start":534.99,"end":536.19},{"text":"would","start":536.27,"end":536.59},{"text":"give","start":536.59,"end":536.83},{"text":"states","start":536.83,"end":537.31},{"text":"the","start":537.31,"end":537.43},{"text":"opportunity","start":537.43,"end":538.19},{"text":"to","start":538.19,"end":538.39},{"text":"shape","start":538.39,"end":538.83},{"text":"the","start":538.83,"end":538.95},{"text":"rules","start":538.95,"end":539.63},{"text":"and","start":539.71,"end":539.91},{"text":"ensure","start":539.91,"end":540.35},{"text":"that","start":540.35,"end":540.51},{"text":"these","start":540.51,"end":540.75},{"text":"technologies","start":540.75,"end":541.63},{"text":"are","start":541.63,"end":541.79},{"text":"developed","start":541.79,"end":542.43},{"text":"and","start":542.43,"end":542.67},{"text":"used","start":542.67,"end":543.03},{"text":"in","start":543.31,"end":543.55},{"text":"accordance","start":543.55,"end":544.11},{"text":"with","start":544.11,"end":544.31},{"text":"humanitarian,","start":544.31,"end":545.31},{"text":"legal,","start":545.71,"end":546.35},{"text":"and","start":546.43,"end":546.75},{"text":"ethical","start":546.75,"end":547.23},{"text":"principles","start":547.23,"end":548.03},{"text":"and","start":548.27,"end":548.51},{"text":"values","start":548.51,"end":549.07},{"text":"that","start":549.07,"end":549.23},{"text":"the","start":549.23,"end":549.31},{"text":"international","start":549.31,"end":550.11},{"text":"community","start":550.11,"end":550.75},{"text":"seeks","start":550.75,"end":551.23},{"text":"to","start":551.23,"end":551.39},{"text":"uphold.","start":551.39,"end":551.95}]},{"text":"A decision in November to set negotiations in motion would also demonstrate that the CCW remains fit for purpose.","start":553.31,"end":562.03,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":553.31,"end":553.35},{"text":"decision","start":553.35,"end":553.87},{"text":"in","start":553.87,"end":553.95},{"text":"November","start":553.95,"end":554.67},{"text":"to","start":554.67,"end":554.91},{"text":"set","start":554.91,"end":555.23},{"text":"negotiations","start":555.23,"end":556.19},{"text":"in","start":556.19,"end":556.43},{"text":"motion","start":556.43,"end":557.07},{"text":"would","start":557.31,"end":557.59},{"text":"also","start":557.59,"end":557.87},{"text":"demonstrate","start":557.87,"end":558.59},{"text":"that","start":558.59,"end":558.75},{"text":"the","start":558.75,"end":558.87},{"text":"CCW","start":558.87,"end":559.95},{"text":"remains","start":559.95,"end":560.67},{"text":"fit","start":560.67,"end":561.15},{"text":"for","start":561.15,"end":561.39},{"text":"purpose.","start":561.39,"end":562.03}]},{"text":"capable of addressing emerging weapons systems and fulfilling one of its essential purposes, which is to respond to developments in weapons technology before their humanitarian consequences become entrenched.","start":562.67,"end":576.83,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"capable","start":562.67,"end":563.31},{"text":"of","start":563.31,"end":563.39},{"text":"addressing","start":563.39,"end":564.07},{"text":"emerging","start":564.07,"end":564.67},{"text":"weapons","start":564.67,"end":565.03},{"text":"systems","start":565.03,"end":565.71},{"text":"and","start":565.95,"end":566.11},{"text":"fulfilling","start":566.11,"end":566.75},{"text":"one","start":566.75,"end":566.95},{"text":"of","start":566.95,"end":567.07},{"text":"its","start":567.07,"end":567.27},{"text":"essential","start":567.27,"end":567.79},{"text":"purposes,","start":567.79,"end":568.59},{"text":"which","start":568.59,"end":568.91},{"text":"is","start":568.91,"end":569.07},{"text":"to","start":569.07,"end":569.27},{"text":"respond","start":569.27,"end":570.03},{"text":"to","start":570.03,"end":570.23},{"text":"developments","start":570.23,"end":571.07},{"text":"in","start":571.07,"end":571.31},{"text":"weapons","start":571.31,"end":571.71},{"text":"technology","start":571.71,"end":572.43},{"text":"before","start":572.75,"end":573.55},{"text":"their","start":573.55,"end":573.79},{"text":"humanitarian","start":573.79,"end":574.67},{"text":"consequences","start":574.67,"end":575.71},{"text":"become","start":575.71,"end":576.11},{"text":"entrenched.","start":576.11,"end":576.83}]},{"text":"As an established disarmament and international humanitarian law framework, the CCW brings together states with different military, technological, and security perspectives.","start":578.27,"end":589.63,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":578.27,"end":578.51},{"text":"an","start":578.51,"end":578.67},{"text":"established","start":578.67,"end":579.31},{"text":"disarmament","start":579.31,"end":579.99},{"text":"and","start":579.99,"end":580.11},{"text":"international","start":580.11,"end":580.79},{"text":"humanitarian","start":580.79,"end":581.63},{"text":"law","start":581.63,"end":581.87},{"text":"framework,","start":581.87,"end":582.43},{"text":"the","start":582.59,"end":582.79},{"text":"CCW","start":582.79,"end":583.63},{"text":"brings","start":583.63,"end":584.03},{"text":"together","start":584.03,"end":584.51},{"text":"states","start":584.51,"end":585.07},{"text":"with","start":585.07,"end":585.35},{"text":"different","start":585.35,"end":585.87},{"text":"military,","start":585.87,"end":586.67},{"text":"technological,","start":587.07,"end":588.03},{"text":"and","start":588.11,"end":588.27},{"text":"security","start":588.27,"end":588.79},{"text":"perspectives.","start":588.79,"end":589.63}]},{"text":"and provides a forum to respond to emerging humanitarian and security challenges.","start":590.15,"end":596.07,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":590.15,"end":590.31},{"text":"provides","start":590.31,"end":590.95},{"text":"a","start":591.03,"end":591.07},{"text":"forum","start":591.07,"end":591.59},{"text":"to","start":591.59,"end":591.79},{"text":"respond","start":591.79,"end":592.47},{"text":"to","start":592.47,"end":592.71},{"text":"emerging","start":592.71,"end":593.43},{"text":"humanitarian","start":593.43,"end":594.47},{"text":"and","start":594.47,"end":594.71},{"text":"security","start":594.71,"end":595.27},{"text":"challenges.","start":595.27,"end":596.07}]},{"text":"The Secretary-General has long warned of the dangers posed by these systems, emphasizing that machines that can select or engage targets and take human lives without human control and judgment are politically unacceptable, morally repugnant, and should be prohibited under international law.","start":597.27,"end":619.91,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."},{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":597.27,"end":597.43},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":597.43,"end":598.67},{"text":"has","start":598.95,"end":599.27},{"text":"long","start":599.27,"end":599.75},{"text":"warned","start":599.75,"end":600.31},{"text":"of","start":600.35,"end":600.47},{"text":"the","start":600.47,"end":600.59},{"text":"dangers","start":600.59,"end":601.19},{"text":"posed","start":601.19,"end":601.63},{"text":"by","start":601.63,"end":601.83},{"text":"these","start":601.83,"end":602.03},{"text":"systems,","start":602.03,"end":602.71},{"text":"emphasizing","start":603.19,"end":604.07},{"text":"that","start":604.15,"end":604.35},{"text":"machines","start":604.35,"end":605.11},{"text":"that","start":605.19,"end":605.35},{"text":"can","start":605.35,"end":605.59},{"text":"select","start":605.59,"end":606.23},{"text":"or","start":606.39,"end":606.55},{"text":"engage","start":606.55,"end":607.03},{"text":"targets","start":607.03,"end":607.67},{"text":"and","start":607.75,"end":608.03},{"text":"take","start":608.03,"end":608.39},{"text":"human","start":608.39,"end":608.71},{"text":"lives","start":608.71,"end":609.35},{"text":"without","start":609.83,"end":610.55},{"text":"human","start":610.55,"end":610.95},{"text":"control","start":610.95,"end":611.51},{"text":"and","start":611.51,"end":611.71},{"text":"judgment","start":611.71,"end":612.23},{"text":"are","start":612.55,"end":612.79},{"text":"politically","start":612.79,"end":613.59},{"text":"unacceptable,","start":613.59,"end":614.63},{"text":"morally","start":615.03,"end":615.75},{"text":"repugnant,","start":615.75,"end":616.55},{"text":"and","start":616.79,"end":617.03},{"text":"should","start":617.03,"end":617.35},{"text":"be","start":617.35,"end":617.51},{"text":"prohibited","start":617.51,"end":618.39},{"text":"under","start":618.47,"end":618.87},{"text":"international","start":618.87,"end":619.83},{"text":"law.","start":619.83,"end":619.91}]},{"text":"He has urged the international community not to wait for an atrocity to take place before we take action, stressing that some decisions must forever remain within the human being, none more than the decision of taking or not a human life.","start":621.03,"end":640.71,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"He","start":621.03,"end":621.27},{"text":"has","start":621.27,"end":621.39},{"text":"urged","start":621.51,"end":621.95},{"text":"the","start":621.95,"end":622.03},{"text":"international","start":622.03,"end":622.87},{"text":"community","start":622.87,"end":623.67},{"text":"not","start":623.75,"end":624.27},{"text":"to","start":624.27,"end":624.35},{"text":"wait","start":624.35,"end":624.63},{"text":"for","start":624.63,"end":624.83},{"text":"an","start":624.83,"end":624.95},{"text":"atrocity","start":624.95,"end":625.59},{"text":"to","start":625.59,"end":625.87},{"text":"take","start":625.87,"end":625.99},{"text":"place","start":625.99,"end":626.55},{"text":"before","start":626.79,"end":627.27},{"text":"we","start":627.27,"end":627.43},{"text":"take","start":627.43,"end":627.75},{"text":"action,","start":627.75,"end":628.23},{"text":"stressing","start":628.87,"end":629.43},{"text":"that","start":629.43,"end":629.59},{"text":"some","start":629.59,"end":629.91},{"text":"decisions","start":629.91,"end":630.71},{"text":"must","start":630.79,"end":631.35},{"text":"forever","start":631.35,"end":632.19},{"text":"remain","start":632.19,"end":632.79},{"text":"within","start":632.87,"end":633.51},{"text":"the","start":633.67,"end":633.79},{"text":"human","start":633.83,"end":634.39},{"text":"being,","start":634.55,"end":634.95},{"text":"none","start":635.67,"end":636.15},{"text":"more","start":636.15,"end":636.47},{"text":"than","start":636.47,"end":636.71},{"text":"the","start":636.71,"end":636.79},{"text":"decision","start":636.79,"end":637.59},{"text":"of","start":637.95,"end":638.15},{"text":"taking","start":638.63,"end":639.11},{"text":"or","start":639.19,"end":639.39},{"text":"not","start":639.39,"end":639.75},{"text":"a","start":639.91,"end":639.95},{"text":"human","start":639.95,"end":640.31},{"text":"life.","start":640.31,"end":640.71}]},{"text":"The Joint Appeal is clear on the way ahead.","start":641.59,"end":645.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":641.59,"end":641.71},{"text":"Joint","start":641.71,"end":642.03},{"text":"Appeal","start":642.03,"end":642.47},{"text":"is","start":642.47,"end":642.79},{"text":"clear","start":642.79,"end":643.31},{"text":"on","start":643.31,"end":643.39},{"text":"the","start":643.39,"end":643.47},{"text":"way","start":643.47,"end":643.75},{"text":"ahead.","start":644.07,"end":645.35}]},{"text":"The international community has spent more than a decade examining this issue.","start":645.99,"end":650.71,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":645.99,"end":646.11},{"text":"international","start":646.11,"end":646.83},{"text":"community","start":646.83,"end":647.51},{"text":"has","start":647.51,"end":647.79},{"text":"spent","start":647.79,"end":648.07},{"text":"more","start":648.07,"end":648.39},{"text":"than","start":648.39,"end":648.63},{"text":"a","start":648.63,"end":648.67},{"text":"decade","start":648.67,"end":649.27},{"text":"examining","start":649.27,"end":649.99},{"text":"this","start":649.99,"end":650.23},{"text":"issue.","start":650.23,"end":650.71}]},{"text":"The seventh review conference of the CCW is a critical moment for states to show political courage and turn important groundwork into concrete actions by launching negotiations.","start":651.35,"end":665.83,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":651.35,"end":651.47},{"text":"seventh","start":651.47,"end":651.99},{"text":"review","start":651.99,"end":652.47},{"text":"conference","start":652.47,"end":653.11},{"text":"of","start":653.19,"end":653.35},{"text":"the","start":653.35,"end":653.43},{"text":"CCW","start":653.43,"end":654.39},{"text":"is","start":654.63,"end":654.91},{"text":"a","start":654.91,"end":654.95},{"text":"critical","start":654.95,"end":655.51},{"text":"moment","start":655.51,"end":655.91},{"text":"for","start":655.91,"end":656.15},{"text":"states","start":656.15,"end":656.71},{"text":"to","start":657.03,"end":657.19},{"text":"show","start":657.19,"end":657.51},{"text":"political","start":657.51,"end":658.15},{"text":"courage","start":658.15,"end":658.79},{"text":"and","start":659.19,"end":659.43},{"text":"turn","start":659.43,"end":659.75},{"text":"important","start":659.75,"end":660.79},{"text":"groundwork","start":660.87,"end":661.67},{"text":"into","start":661.67,"end":662.07},{"text":"concrete","start":662.07,"end":662.79},{"text":"actions","start":662.79,"end":663.43},{"text":"by","start":663.75,"end":663.99},{"text":"launching","start":663.99,"end":664.59},{"text":"negotiations.","start":664.59,"end":665.83}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":666.31,"end":666.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":666.31,"end":666.55},{"text":"you.","start":666.55,"end":666.67}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Caroline Melanie Regimbal","affiliation":"UNODA","affiliation_full":"UNODA","group":null,"function":"Chief of Service"}},{"statement_number":3,"start":667.75,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=668","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Melanie, and now, uh, I'd like to give the floor to Laurent Gisel, the head of arms and conduct of hostility unit at the ICRC, Laurent.","start":667.75,"end":677.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":667.75,"end":667.99},{"text":"you","start":667.99,"end":668.07},{"text":"very","start":668.07,"end":668.31},{"text":"much,","start":668.31,"end":668.55},{"text":"Melanie,","start":668.55,"end":669.03},{"text":"and","start":669.03,"end":669.31},{"text":"now,","start":669.31,"end":669.59},{"text":"uh,","start":669.67,"end":669.75},{"text":"I'd","start":670.23,"end":670.43},{"text":"like","start":670.47,"end":670.71},{"text":"to","start":670.71,"end":670.83},{"text":"give","start":670.87,"end":671.07},{"text":"the","start":671.07,"end":671.19},{"text":"floor","start":671.19,"end":671.43},{"text":"to","start":671.43,"end":671.55},{"text":"Laurent","start":671.55,"end":672.03},{"text":"Gisel,","start":672.03,"end":672.55},{"text":"the","start":672.95,"end":673.15},{"text":"head","start":673.15,"end":673.43},{"text":"of","start":673.43,"end":673.59},{"text":"arms","start":673.59,"end":674.19},{"text":"and","start":674.19,"end":674.35},{"text":"conduct","start":674.35,"end":674.75},{"text":"of","start":674.75,"end":674.83},{"text":"hostility","start":674.83,"end":675.43},{"text":"unit","start":675.43,"end":675.99},{"text":"at","start":675.99,"end":676.23},{"text":"the","start":676.23,"end":676.35},{"text":"ICRC,","start":676.35,"end":677.19},{"text":"Laurent.","start":677.47,"end":677.75}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":4,"start":679.95,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=680","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Alessandra.","start":679.95,"end":681.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":679.95,"end":680.11},{"text":"you","start":680.11,"end":680.19},{"text":"very","start":680.19,"end":680.35},{"text":"much,","start":680.35,"end":680.55},{"text":"Alessandra.","start":680.55,"end":681.11}]},{"text":"It's a pleasure to be here with Yoann Oudier and with you, Melanie, in this room for this very important joint appeal.","start":681.51,"end":689.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":681.51,"end":681.83},{"text":"a","start":681.83,"end":681.91},{"text":"pleasure","start":681.91,"end":682.31},{"text":"to","start":682.31,"end":682.39},{"text":"be","start":682.39,"end":682.55},{"text":"here","start":682.55,"end":682.83},{"text":"with","start":682.83,"end":683.35},{"text":"Yoann","start":683.35,"end":683.67},{"text":"Oudier","start":683.67,"end":683.95},{"text":"and","start":683.95,"end":684.07},{"text":"with","start":684.07,"end":684.31},{"text":"you,","start":684.31,"end":684.55},{"text":"Melanie,","start":684.55,"end":685.11},{"text":"in","start":685.27,"end":685.47},{"text":"this","start":685.47,"end":685.67},{"text":"room","start":685.67,"end":685.91},{"text":"for","start":685.91,"end":686.15},{"text":"this","start":686.15,"end":686.55},{"text":"very","start":687.19,"end":687.59},{"text":"important","start":687.59,"end":688.31},{"text":"joint","start":688.39,"end":688.79},{"text":"appeal.","start":688.79,"end":689.27}]},{"text":"And as you will see, we are very much aligned, and my words will echo what Melanie just said.","start":689.27,"end":695.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":689.27,"end":689.47},{"text":"as","start":689.47,"end":689.67},{"text":"you","start":689.67,"end":689.83},{"text":"will","start":689.83,"end":689.99},{"text":"see,","start":689.99,"end":690.31},{"text":"we","start":690.31,"end":690.47},{"text":"are","start":690.47,"end":690.67},{"text":"very","start":690.79,"end":691.07},{"text":"much","start":691.07,"end":691.35},{"text":"aligned,","start":691.35,"end":691.91},{"text":"and","start":691.91,"end":692.23},{"text":"my","start":692.23,"end":692.39},{"text":"words","start":692.39,"end":692.79},{"text":"will","start":692.79,"end":693.11},{"text":"echo","start":693.51,"end":693.99},{"text":"what","start":694.15,"end":694.63},{"text":"Melanie","start":694.63,"end":695.43},{"text":"just","start":695.43,"end":695.71},{"text":"said.","start":695.71,"end":695.91}]},{"text":"But let me start with a few words about what delegates of the International Committee of the Red Cross are witnessing in armed conflicts around the world.","start":695.91,"end":703.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":695.91,"end":696.15},{"text":"let","start":696.15,"end":696.27},{"text":"me","start":696.27,"end":696.47},{"text":"start","start":696.47,"end":696.87},{"text":"with","start":696.87,"end":697.19},{"text":"a","start":697.19,"end":697.27},{"text":"few","start":697.27,"end":697.51},{"text":"words","start":697.51,"end":697.83},{"text":"about","start":697.83,"end":698.11},{"text":"what","start":698.11,"end":698.47},{"text":"delegates","start":698.47,"end":699.11},{"text":"of","start":699.11,"end":699.23},{"text":"the","start":699.23,"end":699.31},{"text":"International","start":699.31,"end":699.91},{"text":"Committee","start":699.91,"end":700.19},{"text":"of","start":700.19,"end":700.31},{"text":"the","start":700.31,"end":700.43},{"text":"Red","start":700.43,"end":700.59},{"text":"Cross","start":700.59,"end":701.03},{"text":"are","start":701.35,"end":701.55},{"text":"witnessing","start":701.55,"end":702.23},{"text":"in","start":702.23,"end":702.47},{"text":"armed","start":702.47,"end":702.67},{"text":"conflicts","start":702.67,"end":703.19},{"text":"around","start":703.19,"end":703.55},{"text":"the","start":703.55,"end":703.67},{"text":"world.","start":703.67,"end":703.99}]},{"text":"What we are seeing is increasingly sophisticated weapons being used at ever greater speed and scale.","start":705.07,"end":711.99,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"What","start":705.07,"end":705.27},{"text":"we","start":705.27,"end":705.43},{"text":"are","start":705.43,"end":705.51},{"text":"seeing","start":705.51,"end":705.99},{"text":"is","start":705.99,"end":706.23},{"text":"increasingly","start":706.23,"end":706.87},{"text":"sophisticated","start":706.87,"end":707.67},{"text":"weapons","start":707.67,"end":708.23},{"text":"being","start":708.23,"end":708.51},{"text":"used","start":708.51,"end":708.87},{"text":"at","start":708.87,"end":709.19},{"text":"ever","start":709.19,"end":709.59},{"text":"greater","start":709.99,"end":710.55},{"text":"speed","start":710.79,"end":711.35},{"text":"and","start":711.35,"end":711.59},{"text":"scale.","start":711.59,"end":711.99}]},{"text":"But what we see is not a story of precision, distinction and restraints.","start":713.03,"end":717.35,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":713.03,"end":713.19},{"text":"what","start":713.19,"end":713.35},{"text":"we","start":713.35,"end":713.51},{"text":"see","start":713.51,"end":713.91},{"text":"is","start":713.91,"end":714.07},{"text":"not","start":714.07,"end":714.47},{"text":"a","start":714.47,"end":714.63},{"text":"story","start":714.63,"end":715.03},{"text":"of","start":715.03,"end":715.19},{"text":"precision,","start":715.19,"end":715.83},{"text":"distinction","start":715.91,"end":716.55},{"text":"and","start":716.55,"end":716.71},{"text":"restraints.","start":716.71,"end":717.35}]},{"text":"It is a story of civilians killed, families displaced, hospitals, schools and homes destroyed at ever greater speed and scale.","start":717.67,"end":725.03,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":717.67,"end":717.83},{"text":"is","start":717.83,"end":717.95},{"text":"a","start":717.95,"end":717.99},{"text":"story","start":717.99,"end":718.47},{"text":"of","start":718.47,"end":718.63},{"text":"civilians","start":718.63,"end":719.11},{"text":"killed,","start":719.11,"end":719.59},{"text":"families","start":719.75,"end":720.27},{"text":"displaced,","start":720.27,"end":720.95},{"text":"hospitals,","start":721.11,"end":721.71},{"text":"schools","start":721.71,"end":722.07},{"text":"and","start":722.07,"end":722.23},{"text":"homes","start":722.23,"end":722.51},{"text":"destroyed","start":722.51,"end":723.03},{"text":"at","start":723.11,"end":723.27},{"text":"ever","start":723.35,"end":723.59},{"text":"greater","start":723.59,"end":724.07},{"text":"speed","start":724.07,"end":724.43},{"text":"and","start":724.43,"end":724.55},{"text":"scale.","start":724.55,"end":725.03}]},{"text":"In short, an acceptable level of civilian harm.","start":725.67,"end":728.39,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":725.67,"end":725.83},{"text":"short,","start":725.83,"end":726.15},{"text":"an","start":726.15,"end":726.23},{"text":"acceptable","start":726.23,"end":726.95},{"text":"level","start":726.95,"end":727.27},{"text":"of","start":727.35,"end":727.59},{"text":"civilian","start":727.59,"end":727.99},{"text":"harm.","start":727.99,"end":728.39}]},{"text":"That is the context, that is the sobering reality against which discussion on autonomous weapon system have been taking place here at the UN office in Geneva in the CCW group of governmental experts for nearly 13 years.","start":730.07,"end":744.63,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":730.07,"end":730.23},{"text":"is","start":730.23,"end":730.39},{"text":"the","start":730.39,"end":730.51},{"text":"context,","start":730.51,"end":731.19},{"text":"that","start":731.35,"end":731.51},{"text":"is","start":731.51,"end":731.67},{"text":"the","start":731.67,"end":731.91},{"text":"sobering","start":731.91,"end":732.31},{"text":"reality","start":732.31,"end":732.95},{"text":"against","start":732.95,"end":733.27},{"text":"which","start":733.27,"end":733.63},{"text":"discussion","start":733.63,"end":734.23},{"text":"on","start":734.23,"end":734.39},{"text":"autonomous","start":734.39,"end":734.79},{"text":"weapon","start":734.79,"end":735.11},{"text":"system","start":735.11,"end":735.67},{"text":"have","start":735.67,"end":735.95},{"text":"been","start":735.95,"end":736.15},{"text":"taking","start":736.15,"end":736.47},{"text":"place","start":736.47,"end":736.71},{"text":"here","start":736.71,"end":737.11},{"text":"at","start":737.11,"end":737.51},{"text":"the","start":737.59,"end":737.71},{"text":"UN","start":737.75,"end":738.15},{"text":"office","start":738.15,"end":738.55},{"text":"in","start":738.55,"end":738.71},{"text":"Geneva","start":738.71,"end":739.19},{"text":"in","start":739.67,"end":739.91},{"text":"the","start":739.91,"end":740.07},{"text":"CCW","start":740.07,"end":740.63},{"text":"group","start":740.63,"end":740.95},{"text":"of","start":740.95,"end":741.11},{"text":"governmental","start":741.11,"end":741.83},{"text":"experts","start":741.83,"end":742.55},{"text":"for","start":742.71,"end":742.99},{"text":"nearly","start":742.99,"end":743.59},{"text":"13","start":743.67,"end":744.15},{"text":"years.","start":744.15,"end":744.63}]},{"text":"So what do we mean when we refer to autonomous weapon systems?","start":746.23,"end":749.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":746.23,"end":746.35},{"text":"what","start":746.35,"end":746.55},{"text":"do","start":746.55,"end":746.63},{"text":"we","start":746.63,"end":746.71},{"text":"mean","start":746.71,"end":746.95},{"text":"when","start":746.95,"end":747.11},{"text":"we","start":747.11,"end":747.31},{"text":"refer","start":747.31,"end":747.59},{"text":"to","start":747.59,"end":747.79},{"text":"autonomous","start":747.79,"end":748.31},{"text":"weapon","start":748.31,"end":748.63},{"text":"systems?","start":748.63,"end":749.35}]},{"text":"These are weapons that once activated select and engage targets without further human interventions.","start":749.51,"end":756.47,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":749.51,"end":749.79},{"text":"are","start":749.79,"end":749.87},{"text":"weapons","start":749.87,"end":750.39},{"text":"that","start":750.39,"end":750.63},{"text":"once","start":750.63,"end":751.03},{"text":"activated","start":751.03,"end":751.83},{"text":"select","start":752.23,"end":752.87},{"text":"and","start":753.03,"end":753.19},{"text":"engage","start":753.19,"end":753.55},{"text":"targets","start":753.55,"end":754.23},{"text":"without","start":754.23,"end":754.71},{"text":"further","start":754.71,"end":755.27},{"text":"human","start":755.27,"end":755.71},{"text":"interventions.","start":755.71,"end":756.47}]},{"text":"Weapons of this kind already exist.","start":757.59,"end":759.51,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"Weapons","start":757.59,"end":758.07},{"text":"of","start":758.07,"end":758.23},{"text":"this","start":758.23,"end":758.39},{"text":"kind","start":758.39,"end":758.63},{"text":"already","start":758.63,"end":759.07},{"text":"exist.","start":759.07,"end":759.51}]},{"text":"But we are particularly concerned by the direction in which these technologies are moving.","start":761.11,"end":765.99,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":761.11,"end":761.35},{"text":"we","start":761.35,"end":761.51},{"text":"are","start":761.51,"end":761.59},{"text":"particularly","start":761.59,"end":762.19},{"text":"concerned","start":762.19,"end":762.79},{"text":"by","start":762.79,"end":763.03},{"text":"the","start":763.03,"end":763.19},{"text":"direction","start":763.19,"end":763.83},{"text":"in","start":763.83,"end":763.99},{"text":"which","start":763.99,"end":764.31},{"text":"these","start":764.31,"end":764.63},{"text":"technologies","start":764.63,"end":765.27},{"text":"are","start":765.27,"end":765.43},{"text":"moving.","start":765.43,"end":765.99}]},{"text":"Weapons controlled by increasingly complex artificial intelligence whose functioning may become harder for human operators to understand and anticipate.","start":766.87,"end":776.31,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."},{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"Weapons","start":766.87,"end":767.43},{"text":"controlled","start":767.43,"end":767.87},{"text":"by","start":767.87,"end":768.15},{"text":"increasingly","start":768.15,"end":769.03},{"text":"complex","start":769.03,"end":769.67},{"text":"artificial","start":769.67,"end":770.23},{"text":"intelligence","start":770.23,"end":770.95},{"text":"whose","start":771.27,"end":771.51},{"text":"functioning","start":771.51,"end":772.07},{"text":"may","start":772.07,"end":772.31},{"text":"become","start":772.31,"end":772.63},{"text":"harder","start":772.63,"end":773.19},{"text":"for","start":773.19,"end":773.43},{"text":"human","start":773.43,"end":773.75},{"text":"operators","start":773.75,"end":774.39},{"text":"to","start":774.39,"end":774.55},{"text":"understand","start":774.55,"end":775.19},{"text":"and","start":775.27,"end":775.55},{"text":"anticipate.","start":775.55,"end":776.31}]},{"text":"system used with increasingly broad operating parameters, not just defensively against incoming missiles, but now searching for a broader range of targets over larger area, including in populated areas, and for longer period of time.","start":777.55,"end":792.51,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."}],"words":[{"text":"system","start":777.55,"end":778.11},{"text":"used","start":778.11,"end":778.51},{"text":"with","start":778.51,"end":778.75},{"text":"increasingly","start":778.75,"end":779.31},{"text":"broad","start":779.31,"end":779.79},{"text":"operating","start":779.79,"end":780.35},{"text":"parameters,","start":780.35,"end":781.23},{"text":"not","start":781.39,"end":781.63},{"text":"just","start":781.63,"end":781.87},{"text":"defensively","start":781.87,"end":782.59},{"text":"against","start":782.59,"end":782.99},{"text":"incoming","start":782.99,"end":783.43},{"text":"missiles,","start":783.43,"end":784.11},{"text":"but","start":784.51,"end":784.75},{"text":"now","start":784.75,"end":784.91},{"text":"searching","start":784.91,"end":785.63},{"text":"for","start":785.63,"end":785.83},{"text":"a","start":785.83,"end":785.87},{"text":"broader","start":785.87,"end":786.39},{"text":"range","start":786.39,"end":786.63},{"text":"of","start":786.63,"end":786.75},{"text":"targets","start":786.75,"end":787.39},{"text":"over","start":787.47,"end":787.79},{"text":"larger","start":787.79,"end":788.51},{"text":"area,","start":788.51,"end":788.83},{"text":"including","start":788.91,"end":789.63},{"text":"in","start":789.63,"end":789.79},{"text":"populated","start":789.79,"end":790.35},{"text":"areas,","start":790.35,"end":790.83},{"text":"and","start":790.99,"end":791.19},{"text":"for","start":791.19,"end":791.35},{"text":"longer","start":791.35,"end":791.79},{"text":"period","start":791.79,"end":792.11},{"text":"of","start":792.11,"end":792.19},{"text":"time.","start":792.19,"end":792.51}]},{"text":"At the core of our concerns is the risk for these developments to reduce human control over the use of force, with the with the potential to dramatically increase harm to civilians, destructions, and violations of international humanitarian law.","start":794.19,"end":810.67,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":794.19,"end":794.35},{"text":"the","start":794.35,"end":794.47},{"text":"core","start":794.47,"end":794.87},{"text":"of","start":794.87,"end":794.95},{"text":"our","start":794.95,"end":795.07},{"text":"concerns","start":795.07,"end":795.71},{"text":"is","start":795.71,"end":795.87},{"text":"the","start":795.87,"end":795.95},{"text":"risk","start":795.95,"end":796.31},{"text":"for","start":796.31,"end":796.51},{"text":"these","start":796.51,"end":796.67},{"text":"developments","start":796.67,"end":797.39},{"text":"to","start":797.39,"end":797.55},{"text":"reduce","start":797.55,"end":798.07},{"text":"human","start":798.07,"end":798.51},{"text":"control","start":798.51,"end":799.07},{"text":"over","start":799.07,"end":799.47},{"text":"the","start":799.47,"end":799.59},{"text":"use","start":799.59,"end":799.79},{"text":"of","start":799.79,"end":799.87},{"text":"force,","start":799.87,"end":800.43},{"text":"with","start":800.83,"end":801.11},{"text":"the","start":801.11,"end":801.23},{"text":"with","start":801.87,"end":802.47},{"text":"the","start":802.51,"end":802.91},{"text":"potential","start":802.99,"end":803.87},{"text":"to","start":803.87,"end":804.03},{"text":"dramatically","start":804.03,"end":804.83},{"text":"increase","start":804.91,"end":805.63},{"text":"harm","start":805.71,"end":806.11},{"text":"to","start":806.19,"end":806.43},{"text":"civilians,","start":806.43,"end":807.15},{"text":"destructions,","start":807.31,"end":808.11},{"text":"and","start":808.11,"end":808.35},{"text":"violations","start":808.35,"end":808.99},{"text":"of","start":808.99,"end":809.15},{"text":"international","start":809.15,"end":809.79},{"text":"humanitarian","start":809.79,"end":810.43},{"text":"law.","start":810.43,"end":810.67}]},{"text":"IHL requires human beings to make judgments about whether an attack will be lawful, taking into account all the circumstances at the time.","start":812.43,"end":820.51,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"IHL","start":812.43,"end":813.07},{"text":"requires","start":813.07,"end":813.59},{"text":"human","start":813.59,"end":813.95},{"text":"beings","start":813.95,"end":814.27},{"text":"to","start":814.27,"end":814.39},{"text":"make","start":814.39,"end":814.59},{"text":"judgments","start":814.59,"end":815.15},{"text":"about","start":815.23,"end":815.55},{"text":"whether","start":815.55,"end":815.99},{"text":"an","start":815.99,"end":816.15},{"text":"attack","start":816.15,"end":816.43},{"text":"will","start":816.43,"end":816.59},{"text":"be","start":816.59,"end":816.71},{"text":"lawful,","start":816.71,"end":817.23},{"text":"taking","start":817.23,"end":817.55},{"text":"into","start":817.55,"end":817.75},{"text":"account","start":817.75,"end":818.35},{"text":"all","start":818.35,"end":818.67},{"text":"the","start":818.67,"end":818.83},{"text":"circumstances","start":818.83,"end":819.87},{"text":"at","start":819.87,"end":820.03},{"text":"the","start":820.03,"end":820.11},{"text":"time.","start":820.11,"end":820.51}]},{"text":"Autonomous weapon systems make these judgments more difficult because the human operators does not know who or what will ultimately be targeted, or where or when force will be used.","start":821.87,"end":833.47,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"Autonomous","start":821.87,"end":822.35},{"text":"weapon","start":822.35,"end":822.75},{"text":"systems","start":822.75,"end":823.31},{"text":"make","start":823.31,"end":823.55},{"text":"these","start":823.55,"end":823.87},{"text":"judgments","start":823.87,"end":824.35},{"text":"more","start":824.35,"end":824.55},{"text":"difficult","start":824.55,"end":825.23},{"text":"because","start":825.39,"end":825.79},{"text":"the","start":825.79,"end":825.95},{"text":"human","start":825.95,"end":826.35},{"text":"operators","start":826.35,"end":826.99},{"text":"does","start":826.99,"end":827.23},{"text":"not","start":827.23,"end":827.47},{"text":"know","start":827.47,"end":827.71},{"text":"who","start":827.71,"end":828.11},{"text":"or","start":828.19,"end":828.31},{"text":"what","start":828.31,"end":828.75},{"text":"will","start":828.75,"end":829.15},{"text":"ultimately","start":829.15,"end":829.71},{"text":"be","start":829.71,"end":829.83},{"text":"targeted,","start":829.83,"end":830.43},{"text":"or","start":830.99,"end":831.15},{"text":"where","start":831.15,"end":831.63},{"text":"or","start":831.63,"end":831.75},{"text":"when","start":831.75,"end":832.27},{"text":"force","start":832.27,"end":832.67},{"text":"will","start":832.67,"end":832.83},{"text":"be","start":832.83,"end":832.99},{"text":"used.","start":832.99,"end":833.47}]},{"text":"This will depend on how the system responds based on the input it receives from sensors.","start":834.11,"end":839.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":834.11,"end":834.35},{"text":"will","start":834.35,"end":834.51},{"text":"depend","start":834.51,"end":835.15},{"text":"on","start":835.15,"end":835.31},{"text":"how","start":835.31,"end":835.47},{"text":"the","start":835.47,"end":835.63},{"text":"system","start":835.63,"end":836.11},{"text":"responds","start":836.11,"end":836.83},{"text":"based","start":836.83,"end":837.15},{"text":"on","start":837.15,"end":837.31},{"text":"the","start":837.31,"end":837.39},{"text":"input","start":837.39,"end":837.95},{"text":"it","start":837.95,"end":838.19},{"text":"receives","start":838.19,"end":838.67},{"text":"from","start":838.67,"end":838.99},{"text":"sensors.","start":838.99,"end":839.55}]},{"text":"And in conflicts, things can change very rapidly.","start":840.95,"end":843.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":840.95,"end":841.07},{"text":"in","start":841.07,"end":841.19},{"text":"conflicts,","start":841.19,"end":841.79},{"text":"things","start":841.95,"end":842.27},{"text":"can","start":842.27,"end":842.51},{"text":"change","start":842.51,"end":842.79},{"text":"very","start":842.79,"end":843.07},{"text":"rapidly.","start":843.07,"end":843.71}]},{"text":"A combatant can surrender or be wounded and therefore be protected from attack.","start":844.03,"end":848.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"A","start":844.03,"end":844.11},{"text":"combatant","start":844.11,"end":844.63},{"text":"can","start":844.63,"end":844.83},{"text":"surrender","start":844.83,"end":845.39},{"text":"or","start":845.39,"end":845.55},{"text":"be","start":845.55,"end":845.71},{"text":"wounded","start":845.71,"end":846.19},{"text":"and","start":846.35,"end":846.55},{"text":"therefore","start":846.55,"end":847.07},{"text":"be","start":847.07,"end":847.23},{"text":"protected","start":847.23,"end":847.79},{"text":"from","start":847.79,"end":847.99},{"text":"attack.","start":847.99,"end":848.43}]},{"text":"Civilians can enter the area of operations of the autonomous weapon systems.","start":849.15,"end":853.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Civilians","start":849.15,"end":849.71},{"text":"can","start":849.71,"end":850.03},{"text":"enter","start":850.03,"end":850.51},{"text":"the","start":850.51,"end":850.71},{"text":"area","start":850.71,"end":850.91},{"text":"of","start":850.91,"end":850.99},{"text":"operations","start":850.99,"end":851.83},{"text":"of","start":851.83,"end":851.91},{"text":"the","start":851.91,"end":851.99},{"text":"autonomous","start":851.99,"end":852.43},{"text":"weapon","start":852.43,"end":852.75},{"text":"systems.","start":852.75,"end":853.39}]},{"text":"The weapons may encounter situations that would not have been anticipated.","start":854.35,"end":858.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":854.35,"end":854.47},{"text":"weapons","start":854.83,"end":855.31},{"text":"may","start":855.31,"end":855.43},{"text":"encounter","start":855.43,"end":855.91},{"text":"situations","start":855.91,"end":856.51},{"text":"that","start":856.51,"end":856.71},{"text":"would","start":856.71,"end":856.91},{"text":"not","start":856.91,"end":857.15},{"text":"have","start":857.15,"end":857.31},{"text":"been","start":857.31,"end":857.63},{"text":"anticipated.","start":857.63,"end":858.51}]},{"text":"The more unpredictable the system behavior and the more further removed the human decisions is from the moment of the strike, the harder it becomes to ensure that the use of force will actually comply with international humanitarian law.","start":860.43,"end":873.99,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":860.43,"end":860.59},{"text":"more","start":860.59,"end":860.91},{"text":"unpredictable","start":860.91,"end":861.63},{"text":"the","start":861.63,"end":861.75},{"text":"system","start":861.75,"end":862.11},{"text":"behavior","start":862.11,"end":862.83},{"text":"and","start":862.99,"end":863.19},{"text":"the","start":863.19,"end":863.31},{"text":"more","start":863.31,"end":863.63},{"text":"further","start":863.63,"end":864.07},{"text":"removed","start":864.07,"end":864.59},{"text":"the","start":864.59,"end":864.71},{"text":"human","start":864.71,"end":865.03},{"text":"decisions","start":865.03,"end":865.71},{"text":"is","start":865.71,"end":865.87},{"text":"from","start":865.87,"end":866.11},{"text":"the","start":866.11,"end":866.27},{"text":"moment","start":866.27,"end":866.75},{"text":"of","start":866.75,"end":866.91},{"text":"the","start":866.91,"end":866.99},{"text":"strike,","start":866.99,"end":867.55},{"text":"the","start":867.63,"end":867.79},{"text":"harder","start":867.79,"end":868.35},{"text":"it","start":868.43,"end":868.55},{"text":"becomes","start":868.55,"end":869.15},{"text":"to","start":869.15,"end":869.27},{"text":"ensure","start":869.27,"end":869.71},{"text":"that","start":869.71,"end":869.87},{"text":"the","start":869.87,"end":870.03},{"text":"use","start":870.03,"end":870.27},{"text":"of","start":870.27,"end":870.35},{"text":"force","start":870.35,"end":870.75},{"text":"will","start":870.75,"end":871.07},{"text":"actually","start":871.07,"end":871.63},{"text":"comply","start":871.71,"end":872.27},{"text":"with","start":872.27,"end":872.71},{"text":"international","start":872.71,"end":873.19},{"text":"humanitarian","start":873.19,"end":873.71},{"text":"law.","start":873.71,"end":873.99}]},{"text":"That is not simply a technical problem to be solved.","start":875.95,"end":878.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":875.95,"end":876.11},{"text":"is","start":876.11,"end":876.27},{"text":"not","start":876.27,"end":876.51},{"text":"simply","start":876.51,"end":876.99},{"text":"a","start":876.99,"end":877.03},{"text":"technical","start":877.03,"end":877.47},{"text":"problem","start":877.47,"end":877.87},{"text":"to","start":877.87,"end":877.99},{"text":"be","start":877.99,"end":878.11},{"text":"solved.","start":878.11,"end":878.55}]},{"text":"It is a fundamental problem which effectively delegating decisions about the use of force to machines.","start":878.67,"end":884.59,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":878.67,"end":878.79},{"text":"is","start":878.79,"end":878.91},{"text":"a","start":878.91,"end":878.99},{"text":"fundamental","start":878.99,"end":879.67},{"text":"problem","start":879.67,"end":880.11},{"text":"which","start":880.31,"end":880.67},{"text":"effectively","start":880.67,"end":881.39},{"text":"delegating","start":881.39,"end":882.11},{"text":"decisions","start":882.11,"end":882.71},{"text":"about","start":882.71,"end":882.95},{"text":"the","start":882.95,"end":883.07},{"text":"use","start":883.07,"end":883.35},{"text":"of","start":883.35,"end":883.43},{"text":"force","start":883.43,"end":883.79},{"text":"to","start":883.79,"end":883.95},{"text":"machines.","start":883.95,"end":884.59}]},{"text":"And this is why the ICRC has long called for legally binding instruments with clear prohibitions on certain autonomous weapon systems and restrictions on others.","start":886.07,"end":895.19,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."},{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":886.07,"end":886.27},{"text":"this","start":886.27,"end":886.39},{"text":"is","start":886.39,"end":886.55},{"text":"why","start":886.55,"end":886.67},{"text":"the","start":886.67,"end":886.75},{"text":"ICRC","start":886.75,"end":887.47},{"text":"has","start":887.47,"end":887.67},{"text":"long","start":887.67,"end":887.99},{"text":"called","start":887.99,"end":888.31},{"text":"for","start":888.31,"end":888.55},{"text":"legally","start":888.55,"end":888.95},{"text":"binding","start":888.95,"end":889.35},{"text":"instruments","start":889.35,"end":890.07},{"text":"with","start":890.07,"end":890.31},{"text":"clear","start":890.31,"end":890.63},{"text":"prohibitions","start":890.63,"end":891.43},{"text":"on","start":891.43,"end":891.59},{"text":"certain","start":891.59,"end":891.99},{"text":"autonomous","start":891.99,"end":892.47},{"text":"weapon","start":892.47,"end":892.79},{"text":"systems","start":892.79,"end":893.35},{"text":"and","start":893.43,"end":893.63},{"text":"restrictions","start":893.63,"end":894.39},{"text":"on","start":894.39,"end":894.71},{"text":"others.","start":894.71,"end":895.19}]},{"text":"In particular, such an instrument must prohibit autonomous weapon systems whose effects cannot be predicted by the operators and prohibit those designed or used to target human beings directly.","start":896.63,"end":909.03,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":896.63,"end":896.79},{"text":"particular,","start":896.79,"end":897.43},{"text":"such","start":897.75,"end":898.03},{"text":"an","start":898.03,"end":898.15},{"text":"instrument","start":898.15,"end":898.63},{"text":"must","start":898.63,"end":899.11},{"text":"prohibit","start":899.11,"end":899.67},{"text":"autonomous","start":899.67,"end":900.15},{"text":"weapon","start":900.15,"end":900.47},{"text":"systems","start":900.47,"end":900.99},{"text":"whose","start":900.99,"end":901.31},{"text":"effects","start":901.31,"end":901.71},{"text":"cannot","start":901.71,"end":902.15},{"text":"be","start":902.15,"end":902.39},{"text":"predicted","start":902.39,"end":902.91},{"text":"by","start":902.91,"end":903.11},{"text":"the","start":903.11,"end":903.23},{"text":"operators","start":903.23,"end":903.99},{"text":"and","start":904.87,"end":905.07},{"text":"prohibit","start":905.07,"end":905.47},{"text":"those","start":905.47,"end":905.91},{"text":"designed","start":905.91,"end":906.47},{"text":"or","start":906.47,"end":906.63},{"text":"used","start":906.63,"end":906.99},{"text":"to","start":906.99,"end":907.07},{"text":"target","start":907.07,"end":907.67},{"text":"human","start":907.67,"end":908.15},{"text":"beings","start":908.15,"end":908.51},{"text":"directly.","start":908.51,"end":909.03}]},{"text":"Such an instrument must also set clear restrictions on other autonomous weapon systems including limiting the type of target they can engage to typically military objects like enemy weapon systems, fighter jets, tanks or warships, limiting the geographical and temporal scope of operation and the scale of force they can use, and limiting the environment in which they can operate to exclude their use in populated areas where the risk for civilians is highest.","start":910.71,"end":940.15,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":910.71,"end":911.03},{"text":"an","start":911.03,"end":911.11},{"text":"instrument","start":911.11,"end":911.67},{"text":"must","start":911.67,"end":911.99},{"text":"also","start":911.99,"end":912.39},{"text":"set","start":912.39,"end":912.63},{"text":"clear","start":912.63,"end":912.95},{"text":"restrictions","start":912.95,"end":913.75},{"text":"on","start":913.75,"end":913.99},{"text":"other","start":913.99,"end":914.35},{"text":"autonomous","start":914.35,"end":914.79},{"text":"weapon","start":914.79,"end":915.11},{"text":"systems","start":915.11,"end":915.75},{"text":"including","start":916.07,"end":916.71},{"text":"limiting","start":916.71,"end":917.11},{"text":"the","start":917.11,"end":917.27},{"text":"type","start":917.27,"end":917.67},{"text":"of","start":917.67,"end":917.75},{"text":"target","start":917.75,"end":918.15},{"text":"they","start":918.15,"end":918.23},{"text":"can","start":918.23,"end":918.47},{"text":"engage","start":918.47,"end":919.11},{"text":"to","start":919.11,"end":919.27},{"text":"typically","start":919.27,"end":919.91},{"text":"military","start":919.91,"end":920.39},{"text":"objects","start":920.39,"end":921.11},{"text":"like","start":921.11,"end":921.51},{"text":"enemy","start":921.51,"end":921.75},{"text":"weapon","start":921.75,"end":922.07},{"text":"systems,","start":922.07,"end":922.59},{"text":"fighter","start":922.63,"end":923.03},{"text":"jets,","start":923.03,"end":923.27},{"text":"tanks","start":923.27,"end":923.59},{"text":"or","start":923.59,"end":923.67},{"text":"warships,","start":923.67,"end":924.31},{"text":"limiting","start":925.99,"end":926.47},{"text":"the","start":926.47,"end":926.63},{"text":"geographical","start":926.63,"end":927.35},{"text":"and","start":927.35,"end":927.55},{"text":"temporal","start":927.55,"end":927.99},{"text":"scope","start":927.99,"end":928.39},{"text":"of","start":928.39,"end":928.51},{"text":"operation","start":928.51,"end":929.11},{"text":"and","start":929.11,"end":929.31},{"text":"the","start":929.31,"end":929.43},{"text":"scale","start":929.43,"end":929.75},{"text":"of","start":929.75,"end":929.83},{"text":"force","start":929.83,"end":930.15},{"text":"they","start":930.15,"end":930.31},{"text":"can","start":930.31,"end":930.47},{"text":"use,","start":930.47,"end":930.95},{"text":"and","start":932.15,"end":932.39},{"text":"limiting","start":932.39,"end":932.79},{"text":"the","start":932.79,"end":932.91},{"text":"environment","start":932.91,"end":933.75},{"text":"in","start":933.91,"end":934.03},{"text":"which","start":934.03,"end":934.31},{"text":"they","start":934.31,"end":934.39},{"text":"can","start":934.39,"end":934.63},{"text":"operate","start":934.63,"end":935.31},{"text":"to","start":935.31,"end":935.39},{"text":"exclude","start":935.67,"end":936.19},{"text":"their","start":936.19,"end":936.35},{"text":"use","start":936.35,"end":936.59},{"text":"in","start":936.71,"end":936.87},{"text":"populated","start":936.87,"end":937.43},{"text":"areas","start":937.43,"end":937.87},{"text":"where","start":937.87,"end":938.15},{"text":"the","start":938.15,"end":938.27},{"text":"risk","start":938.27,"end":938.59},{"text":"for","start":938.59,"end":938.79},{"text":"civilians","start":938.79,"end":939.35},{"text":"is","start":939.35,"end":939.59},{"text":"highest.","start":939.59,"end":940.15}]},{"text":"Together, of course, with requirement for effective means of deactivation or neutralizations when the circumstances changes on the ground.","start":940.63,"end":948.71,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."}],"words":[{"text":"Together,","start":940.63,"end":941.03},{"text":"of","start":941.03,"end":941.19},{"text":"course,","start":941.19,"end":941.51},{"text":"with","start":941.51,"end":941.67},{"text":"requirement","start":941.67,"end":942.31},{"text":"for","start":942.31,"end":942.55},{"text":"effective","start":942.55,"end":943.03},{"text":"means","start":943.03,"end":943.43},{"text":"of","start":943.75,"end":943.99},{"text":"deactivation","start":943.99,"end":944.79},{"text":"or","start":944.79,"end":945.19},{"text":"neutralizations","start":945.19,"end":946.31},{"text":"when","start":946.35,"end":946.63},{"text":"the","start":946.63,"end":946.79},{"text":"circumstances","start":946.79,"end":947.59},{"text":"changes","start":947.59,"end":948.15},{"text":"on","start":948.15,"end":948.23},{"text":"the","start":948.23,"end":948.35},{"text":"ground.","start":948.35,"end":948.71}]},{"text":"We are encouraged to see that the draft set of elements developed by the CCW group of governmental experts reflects the structure of prohibitions and restrictions.","start":951.11,"end":959.91,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":951.11,"end":951.27},{"text":"are","start":951.27,"end":951.43},{"text":"encouraged","start":951.43,"end":951.83},{"text":"to","start":951.83,"end":951.99},{"text":"see","start":951.99,"end":952.23},{"text":"that","start":952.23,"end":952.35},{"text":"the","start":952.35,"end":952.43},{"text":"draft","start":952.43,"end":952.87},{"text":"set","start":952.87,"end":953.23},{"text":"of","start":953.23,"end":953.35},{"text":"elements","start":953.35,"end":953.75},{"text":"developed","start":953.75,"end":954.15},{"text":"by","start":954.15,"end":954.39},{"text":"the","start":954.39,"end":954.51},{"text":"CCW","start":954.51,"end":955.19},{"text":"group","start":955.19,"end":955.51},{"text":"of","start":955.51,"end":955.67},{"text":"governmental","start":955.67,"end":956.11},{"text":"experts","start":956.11,"end":956.79},{"text":"reflects","start":956.79,"end":957.35},{"text":"the","start":957.35,"end":957.51},{"text":"structure","start":957.51,"end":958.07},{"text":"of","start":958.15,"end":958.31},{"text":"prohibitions","start":958.31,"end":958.95},{"text":"and","start":958.95,"end":959.11},{"text":"restrictions.","start":959.11,"end":959.91}]},{"text":"There are, of course, critical additional elements that will need still to be incorporated for any future legally binding instruments to effectively meet the challenges posed by the development of autonomous weapons systems.","start":961.07,"end":974.19,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":961.07,"end":961.27},{"text":"are,","start":961.27,"end":961.51},{"text":"of","start":961.51,"end":961.63},{"text":"course,","start":961.63,"end":962.03},{"text":"critical","start":962.03,"end":962.67},{"text":"additional","start":962.67,"end":963.31},{"text":"elements","start":963.31,"end":963.79},{"text":"that","start":963.79,"end":963.95},{"text":"will","start":963.95,"end":964.11},{"text":"need","start":964.11,"end":964.35},{"text":"still","start":964.35,"end":964.83},{"text":"to","start":964.83,"end":964.91},{"text":"be","start":964.91,"end":965.15},{"text":"incorporated","start":965.15,"end":965.95},{"text":"for","start":966.11,"end":966.43},{"text":"any","start":966.43,"end":966.83},{"text":"future","start":966.83,"end":967.39},{"text":"legally","start":967.39,"end":967.79},{"text":"binding","start":967.79,"end":968.23},{"text":"instruments","start":968.23,"end":968.83},{"text":"to","start":968.83,"end":968.99},{"text":"effectively","start":968.99,"end":969.87},{"text":"meet","start":969.87,"end":970.15},{"text":"the","start":970.15,"end":970.27},{"text":"challenges","start":970.27,"end":970.83},{"text":"posed","start":970.83,"end":971.23},{"text":"by","start":971.23,"end":971.47},{"text":"the","start":971.47,"end":971.59},{"text":"development","start":971.59,"end":972.27},{"text":"of","start":972.27,"end":972.67},{"text":"autonomous","start":972.67,"end":973.15},{"text":"weapons","start":973.15,"end":973.55},{"text":"systems.","start":973.55,"end":974.19}]},{"text":"But the sets of elements in the current form as included in the draft report of the group provide a strong and sufficient basis for states to do what is now urgently needed.","start":975.63,"end":985.95,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":975.63,"end":975.75},{"text":"the","start":975.75,"end":975.87},{"text":"sets","start":975.87,"end":976.19},{"text":"of","start":976.19,"end":976.27},{"text":"elements","start":976.27,"end":976.91},{"text":"in","start":976.91,"end":977.11},{"text":"the","start":977.11,"end":977.23},{"text":"current","start":977.23,"end":977.55},{"text":"form","start":977.55,"end":977.87},{"text":"as","start":977.87,"end":978.19},{"text":"included","start":978.19,"end":978.83},{"text":"in","start":978.83,"end":978.99},{"text":"the","start":978.99,"end":979.11},{"text":"draft","start":979.11,"end":979.43},{"text":"report","start":979.43,"end":979.83},{"text":"of","start":979.83,"end":979.95},{"text":"the","start":979.95,"end":980.03},{"text":"group","start":980.03,"end":980.35},{"text":"provide","start":980.75,"end":981.23},{"text":"a","start":981.23,"end":981.27},{"text":"strong","start":981.27,"end":981.87},{"text":"and","start":981.87,"end":982.07},{"text":"sufficient","start":982.07,"end":982.51},{"text":"basis","start":982.51,"end":982.91},{"text":"for","start":982.91,"end":983.07},{"text":"states","start":983.07,"end":983.59},{"text":"to","start":983.59,"end":983.67},{"text":"do","start":983.67,"end":983.87},{"text":"what","start":983.87,"end":984.19},{"text":"is","start":984.19,"end":984.27},{"text":"now","start":984.27,"end":984.51},{"text":"urgently","start":984.67,"end":985.31},{"text":"needed.","start":985.31,"end":985.95}]},{"text":"to launch negotiations on the legally binding instruments to regulate autonomous weapons system.","start":986.67,"end":991.95,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"to","start":986.67,"end":986.79},{"text":"launch","start":986.83,"end":987.31},{"text":"negotiations","start":987.31,"end":988.19},{"text":"on","start":988.19,"end":988.31},{"text":"the","start":988.31,"end":988.39},{"text":"legally","start":988.39,"end":988.75},{"text":"binding","start":988.75,"end":989.15},{"text":"instruments","start":989.19,"end":989.79},{"text":"to","start":989.79,"end":989.91},{"text":"regulate","start":989.91,"end":990.51},{"text":"autonomous","start":990.51,"end":991.07},{"text":"weapons","start":991.07,"end":991.43},{"text":"system.","start":991.43,"end":991.95}]},{"text":"The technology is moving quickly.","start":993.47,"end":995.31,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":993.47,"end":993.55},{"text":"technology","start":993.55,"end":994.19},{"text":"is","start":994.19,"end":994.51},{"text":"moving","start":994.51,"end":994.83},{"text":"quickly.","start":994.83,"end":995.31}]},{"text":"The international community has spent more than a decade discussing the risk, and now they must move from discussions to action.","start":996.03,"end":1002.67,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":996.03,"end":996.15},{"text":"international","start":996.15,"end":996.63},{"text":"community","start":996.63,"end":997.15},{"text":"has","start":997.15,"end":997.31},{"text":"spent","start":997.31,"end":997.55},{"text":"more","start":997.55,"end":997.79},{"text":"than","start":997.79,"end":997.95},{"text":"a","start":997.95,"end":997.99},{"text":"decade","start":997.99,"end":998.63},{"text":"discussing","start":998.63,"end":999.11},{"text":"the","start":999.11,"end":999.19},{"text":"risk,","start":999.19,"end":999.71},{"text":"and","start":999.79,"end":999.99},{"text":"now","start":999.99,"end":1000.19},{"text":"they","start":1000.27,"end":1000.43},{"text":"must","start":1000.43,"end":1000.67},{"text":"move","start":1000.67,"end":1000.95},{"text":"from","start":1000.95,"end":1001.15},{"text":"discussions","start":1001.15,"end":1001.87},{"text":"to","start":1001.87,"end":1002.19},{"text":"action.","start":1002.19,"end":1002.67}]},{"text":"And this is why the President of the ICRC and the Secretary-General of the United Nations have decided to make this joint appeal now, and why the key message of the appeal is this.","start":1003.99,"end":1014.11,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1003.99,"end":1004.15},{"text":"this","start":1004.15,"end":1004.27},{"text":"is","start":1004.27,"end":1004.43},{"text":"why","start":1004.43,"end":1004.67},{"text":"the","start":1004.67,"end":1004.79},{"text":"President","start":1004.79,"end":1005.31},{"text":"of","start":1005.31,"end":1005.39},{"text":"the","start":1005.39,"end":1005.47},{"text":"ICRC","start":1005.47,"end":1006.15},{"text":"and","start":1006.15,"end":1006.31},{"text":"the","start":1006.31,"end":1006.39},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":1006.39,"end":1007.39},{"text":"of","start":1007.39,"end":1007.51},{"text":"the","start":1007.51,"end":1007.59},{"text":"United","start":1007.59,"end":1007.99},{"text":"Nations","start":1007.99,"end":1008.51},{"text":"have","start":1008.51,"end":1008.63},{"text":"decided","start":1008.63,"end":1009.11},{"text":"to","start":1009.11,"end":1009.27},{"text":"make","start":1009.27,"end":1009.51},{"text":"this","start":1009.51,"end":1009.87},{"text":"joint","start":1009.87,"end":1010.23},{"text":"appeal","start":1010.23,"end":1010.43},{"text":"now,","start":1010.43,"end":1010.91},{"text":"and","start":1011.23,"end":1011.47},{"text":"why","start":1011.47,"end":1011.79},{"text":"the","start":1011.79,"end":1011.87},{"text":"key","start":1011.87,"end":1012.11},{"text":"message","start":1012.11,"end":1012.59},{"text":"of","start":1012.59,"end":1012.83},{"text":"the","start":1012.83,"end":1012.95},{"text":"appeal","start":1012.95,"end":1013.39},{"text":"is","start":1013.39,"end":1013.63},{"text":"this.","start":1013.63,"end":1014.11}]},{"text":"And I quote, the painstaking work undertaken over the past three years formed the ideal basis for such negotiations and must not be lost.","start":1014.51,"end":1022.23,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1014.51,"end":1014.63},{"text":"I","start":1014.63,"end":1014.71},{"text":"quote,","start":1014.71,"end":1015.07},{"text":"the","start":1015.07,"end":1015.19},{"text":"painstaking","start":1015.19,"end":1015.75},{"text":"work","start":1015.75,"end":1016.15},{"text":"undertaken","start":1016.23,"end":1016.87},{"text":"over","start":1016.87,"end":1017.11},{"text":"the","start":1017.11,"end":1017.19},{"text":"past","start":1017.19,"end":1017.51},{"text":"three","start":1017.51,"end":1017.75},{"text":"years","start":1017.75,"end":1017.99},{"text":"formed","start":1017.99,"end":1018.35},{"text":"the","start":1018.35,"end":1018.47},{"text":"ideal","start":1018.47,"end":1018.87},{"text":"basis","start":1018.87,"end":1019.35},{"text":"for","start":1019.35,"end":1019.51},{"text":"such","start":1019.51,"end":1019.75},{"text":"negotiations","start":1019.75,"end":1020.55},{"text":"and","start":1020.87,"end":1021.03},{"text":"must","start":1021.03,"end":1021.31},{"text":"not","start":1021.31,"end":1021.59},{"text":"be","start":1021.59,"end":1021.75},{"text":"lost.","start":1021.75,"end":1022.23}]},{"text":"The upcoming seventh review conference of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons in November offers the clearest path available for states to decide to move to negotiating legally binding instruments.","start":1022.95,"end":1035.59,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1022.95,"end":1023.27},{"text":"upcoming","start":1023.51,"end":1024.07},{"text":"seventh","start":1024.07,"end":1024.47},{"text":"review","start":1024.47,"end":1024.79},{"text":"conference","start":1024.79,"end":1025.43},{"text":"of","start":1025.43,"end":1025.63},{"text":"the","start":1025.63,"end":1025.75},{"text":"Convention","start":1025.75,"end":1026.31},{"text":"on","start":1026.31,"end":1026.43},{"text":"Certain","start":1026.43,"end":1026.79},{"text":"Conventional","start":1026.83,"end":1027.35},{"text":"Weapons","start":1027.35,"end":1027.75},{"text":"in","start":1027.75,"end":1027.87},{"text":"November","start":1027.87,"end":1028.39},{"text":"offers","start":1028.79,"end":1029.19},{"text":"the","start":1029.19,"end":1029.39},{"text":"clearest","start":1029.39,"end":1029.99},{"text":"path","start":1029.99,"end":1030.27},{"text":"available","start":1030.39,"end":1030.87},{"text":"for","start":1030.87,"end":1030.99},{"text":"states","start":1030.99,"end":1031.51},{"text":"to","start":1031.75,"end":1031.91},{"text":"decide","start":1031.91,"end":1032.31},{"text":"to","start":1032.31,"end":1032.47},{"text":"move","start":1032.47,"end":1032.71},{"text":"to","start":1032.71,"end":1032.83},{"text":"negotiating","start":1032.83,"end":1033.67},{"text":"legally","start":1033.83,"end":1034.23},{"text":"binding","start":1034.23,"end":1034.87},{"text":"instruments.","start":1034.87,"end":1035.59}]},{"text":"We urge states to seize these moments.","start":1036.23,"end":1038.39,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1036.23,"end":1036.47},{"text":"urge","start":1036.47,"end":1036.71},{"text":"states","start":1036.71,"end":1037.27},{"text":"to","start":1037.27,"end":1037.43},{"text":"seize","start":1037.43,"end":1037.71},{"text":"these","start":1037.71,"end":1037.91},{"text":"moments.","start":1037.91,"end":1038.39}]},{"text":"Thank you for your attention.","start":1039.43,"end":1040.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1039.43,"end":1039.59},{"text":"you","start":1039.59,"end":1039.67},{"text":"for","start":1039.67,"end":1039.83},{"text":"your","start":1039.83,"end":1039.95},{"text":"attention.","start":1039.95,"end":1040.39}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Laurent Gisel","affiliation":"ICRC","affiliation_full":"ICRC","group":null,"function":"Head, Arms and Conduct of Hostilities Unit"}},{"statement_number":5,"start":1041.47,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=1042","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, uh, for these introductory remarks.","start":1041.47,"end":1044.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1041.47,"end":1041.67},{"text":"you","start":1041.67,"end":1041.75},{"text":"very","start":1041.75,"end":1042.03},{"text":"much,","start":1042.03,"end":1042.43},{"text":"uh,","start":1042.91,"end":1042.95},{"text":"for","start":1042.95,"end":1043.31},{"text":"these","start":1043.31,"end":1043.79},{"text":"introductory","start":1043.79,"end":1044.51},{"text":"remarks.","start":1044.51,"end":1044.95}]},{"text":"I'll open the floor to questions now.","start":1044.95,"end":1046.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'll","start":1044.95,"end":1045.15},{"text":"open","start":1045.15,"end":1045.35},{"text":"the","start":1045.35,"end":1045.43},{"text":"floor","start":1045.43,"end":1045.71},{"text":"to","start":1045.71,"end":1045.83},{"text":"questions","start":1045.83,"end":1046.35},{"text":"now.","start":1046.35,"end":1046.51}]},{"text":"Let's start on the left.","start":1046.51,"end":1049.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let's","start":1046.51,"end":1047.59},{"text":"start","start":1047.59,"end":1047.79},{"text":"on","start":1048.39,"end":1048.51},{"text":"the","start":1048.55,"end":1048.63},{"text":"left.","start":1048.63,"end":1049.23}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":6,"start":1050.55,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=1051","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":1050.55,"end":1051.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1050.55,"end":1050.75},{"text":"you","start":1050.75,"end":1050.83},{"text":"very","start":1050.83,"end":1050.99},{"text":"much.","start":1050.99,"end":1051.47}]},{"text":"Um, two questions.","start":1051.87,"end":1053.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Um,","start":1051.87,"end":1052.03},{"text":"two","start":1052.11,"end":1052.39},{"text":"questions.","start":1052.39,"end":1053.07}]},{"text":"First, uh, we saw that fighting in the battlefield has been very brutal recently, and I was wondering if… What might move military officials from using autonomous lethal weapons in the battlefield if brutality is becoming the norm?","start":1053.07,"end":1073.27,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":1053.07,"end":1053.63},{"text":"uh,","start":1055.07,"end":1055.11},{"text":"we","start":1055.11,"end":1055.23},{"text":"saw","start":1055.23,"end":1055.43},{"text":"that","start":1055.47,"end":1055.71},{"text":"fighting","start":1055.71,"end":1056.27},{"text":"in","start":1056.27,"end":1056.35},{"text":"the","start":1056.35,"end":1056.43},{"text":"battlefield","start":1056.43,"end":1057.11},{"text":"has","start":1057.11,"end":1057.23},{"text":"been","start":1057.23,"end":1057.47},{"text":"very","start":1057.47,"end":1057.71},{"text":"brutal","start":1057.71,"end":1058.27},{"text":"recently,","start":1058.27,"end":1058.99},{"text":"and","start":1058.99,"end":1059.23},{"text":"I","start":1059.23,"end":1059.31},{"text":"was","start":1059.31,"end":1059.55},{"text":"wondering","start":1059.55,"end":1060.03},{"text":"if…","start":1060.03,"end":1060.43},{"text":"What","start":1060.79,"end":1061.35},{"text":"might","start":1061.99,"end":1062.47},{"text":"move","start":1062.47,"end":1063.03},{"text":"military","start":1063.19,"end":1063.71},{"text":"officials","start":1063.71,"end":1064.55},{"text":"from","start":1064.71,"end":1065.27},{"text":"using","start":1065.67,"end":1066.47},{"text":"autonomous","start":1066.71,"end":1067.43},{"text":"lethal","start":1067.51,"end":1068.07},{"text":"weapons","start":1068.07,"end":1068.79},{"text":"in","start":1069.11,"end":1069.23},{"text":"the","start":1069.23,"end":1069.35},{"text":"battlefield","start":1069.35,"end":1070.11},{"text":"if","start":1070.79,"end":1071.03},{"text":"brutality","start":1071.11,"end":1071.99},{"text":"is","start":1071.99,"end":1072.15},{"text":"becoming","start":1072.15,"end":1072.71},{"text":"the","start":1072.71,"end":1072.79},{"text":"norm?","start":1072.79,"end":1073.27}]},{"text":"That's my first question.","start":1073.31,"end":1074.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That's","start":1073.31,"end":1073.59},{"text":"my","start":1073.59,"end":1073.75},{"text":"first","start":1073.75,"end":1073.99},{"text":"question.","start":1073.99,"end":1074.39}]},{"text":"And the second question, are there any kind of discussions between military official, politicians, and the industry that develop autonomous weapon?","start":1074.39,"end":1084.55,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1074.39,"end":1074.51},{"text":"the","start":1074.51,"end":1074.59},{"text":"second","start":1074.59,"end":1074.87},{"text":"question,","start":1074.87,"end":1075.51},{"text":"are","start":1075.67,"end":1075.83},{"text":"there","start":1075.83,"end":1076.03},{"text":"any","start":1076.03,"end":1076.23},{"text":"kind","start":1076.23,"end":1076.47},{"text":"of","start":1076.47,"end":1076.55},{"text":"discussions","start":1076.55,"end":1077.27},{"text":"between","start":1077.27,"end":1077.83},{"text":"military","start":1077.99,"end":1078.55},{"text":"official,","start":1078.55,"end":1079.19},{"text":"politicians,","start":1079.19,"end":1080.07},{"text":"and","start":1080.47,"end":1080.83},{"text":"the","start":1080.83,"end":1080.91},{"text":"industry","start":1080.91,"end":1081.67},{"text":"that","start":1081.67,"end":1081.83},{"text":"develop","start":1081.83,"end":1082.47},{"text":"autonomous","start":1083.51,"end":1084.07},{"text":"weapon?","start":1084.07,"end":1084.55}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":1084.55,"end":1084.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1084.55,"end":1084.87},{"text":"you.","start":1084.87,"end":1084.99}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Journalist"}},{"statement_number":7,"start":1085.87,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=1086","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Who would like to take this?","start":1085.87,"end":1086.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Who","start":1085.87,"end":1085.95},{"text":"would","start":1085.95,"end":1086.11},{"text":"like","start":1086.11,"end":1086.31},{"text":"to","start":1086.31,"end":1086.39},{"text":"take","start":1086.39,"end":1086.55},{"text":"this?","start":1086.55,"end":1086.95}]},{"text":"Melanie.","start":1088.31,"end":1088.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Melanie.","start":1088.31,"end":1088.71}]},{"text":"The second part, Laurent, you want to start with first.","start":1089.31,"end":1092.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1089.31,"end":1089.43},{"text":"second","start":1089.43,"end":1089.67},{"text":"part,","start":1089.67,"end":1090.11},{"text":"Laurent,","start":1090.99,"end":1091.23},{"text":"you","start":1091.23,"end":1091.31},{"text":"want","start":1091.31,"end":1091.47},{"text":"to","start":1091.47,"end":1091.55},{"text":"start","start":1091.55,"end":1091.75},{"text":"with","start":1091.75,"end":1091.91},{"text":"first.","start":1091.95,"end":1092.19}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":8,"start":1096.03,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=1097","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Brutality is the norm in every conflict.","start":1096.03,"end":1098.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Brutality","start":1096.03,"end":1096.71},{"text":"is","start":1096.71,"end":1096.83},{"text":"the","start":1096.83,"end":1096.95},{"text":"norm","start":1096.95,"end":1097.31},{"text":"in","start":1097.39,"end":1097.71},{"text":"every","start":1097.87,"end":1098.11},{"text":"conflict.","start":1098.11,"end":1098.75}]},{"text":"That conflict is brutal, is horrible in the first place.","start":1098.83,"end":1102.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":1098.83,"end":1099.31},{"text":"conflict","start":1099.31,"end":1099.87},{"text":"is","start":1099.95,"end":1100.19},{"text":"brutal,","start":1100.19,"end":1100.67},{"text":"is","start":1100.67,"end":1100.87},{"text":"horrible","start":1100.87,"end":1101.39},{"text":"in","start":1101.39,"end":1101.55},{"text":"the","start":1101.55,"end":1101.63},{"text":"first","start":1101.63,"end":1101.87},{"text":"place.","start":1101.87,"end":1102.27}]},{"text":"So the importance now, and to some extent that also address the second part of your question, even if I know Melanie, you will also talk to that in more detail, is for the international community, meaning states, to decide what are the limits for autonomous weapon systems.","start":1102.75,"end":1118.43,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1102.75,"end":1103.23},{"text":"the","start":1103.79,"end":1104.03},{"text":"importance","start":1104.03,"end":1104.83},{"text":"now,","start":1104.83,"end":1105.31},{"text":"and","start":1105.31,"end":1105.75},{"text":"to","start":1105.75,"end":1105.99},{"text":"some","start":1105.99,"end":1106.19},{"text":"extent","start":1106.19,"end":1106.55},{"text":"that","start":1106.55,"end":1106.75},{"text":"also","start":1106.75,"end":1107.07},{"text":"address","start":1107.07,"end":1107.55},{"text":"the","start":1107.55,"end":1107.75},{"text":"second","start":1107.79,"end":1108.19},{"text":"part","start":1108.19,"end":1108.39},{"text":"of","start":1108.39,"end":1108.51},{"text":"your","start":1108.51,"end":1108.63},{"text":"question,","start":1108.63,"end":1108.99},{"text":"even","start":1108.99,"end":1109.19},{"text":"if","start":1109.19,"end":1109.39},{"text":"I","start":1109.39,"end":1109.55},{"text":"know","start":1109.55,"end":1109.71},{"text":"Melanie,","start":1109.71,"end":1110.11},{"text":"you","start":1110.11,"end":1110.19},{"text":"will","start":1110.19,"end":1110.35},{"text":"also","start":1110.35,"end":1110.67},{"text":"talk","start":1110.67,"end":1110.91},{"text":"to","start":1110.91,"end":1111.07},{"text":"that","start":1111.07,"end":1111.23},{"text":"in","start":1111.23,"end":1111.39},{"text":"more","start":1111.39,"end":1111.55},{"text":"detail,","start":1111.55,"end":1112.03},{"text":"is","start":1112.43,"end":1112.75},{"text":"for","start":1112.75,"end":1112.91},{"text":"the","start":1112.91,"end":1113.03},{"text":"international","start":1113.03,"end":1114.11},{"text":"community,","start":1114.11,"end":1114.67},{"text":"meaning","start":1114.67,"end":1114.91},{"text":"states,","start":1114.91,"end":1115.47},{"text":"to","start":1115.47,"end":1115.55},{"text":"decide","start":1115.55,"end":1115.99},{"text":"what","start":1115.99,"end":1116.27},{"text":"are","start":1116.27,"end":1116.35},{"text":"the","start":1116.35,"end":1116.47},{"text":"limits","start":1116.47,"end":1116.99},{"text":"for","start":1116.99,"end":1117.11},{"text":"autonomous","start":1117.11,"end":1117.47},{"text":"weapon","start":1117.47,"end":1117.79},{"text":"systems.","start":1117.79,"end":1118.43}]},{"text":"Again, we are not calling for prohibiting all autonomous weapon systems.","start":1118.83,"end":1123.07,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."}],"words":[{"text":"Again,","start":1118.83,"end":1119.31},{"text":"we","start":1119.31,"end":1119.51},{"text":"are","start":1119.51,"end":1119.59},{"text":"not","start":1119.59,"end":1119.87},{"text":"calling","start":1119.87,"end":1120.35},{"text":"for","start":1120.35,"end":1120.51},{"text":"prohibiting","start":1120.51,"end":1121.15},{"text":"all","start":1121.23,"end":1121.55},{"text":"autonomous","start":1121.55,"end":1122.11},{"text":"weapon","start":1122.11,"end":1122.43},{"text":"systems.","start":1122.43,"end":1123.07}]},{"text":"The call are very specific to prohibit certain types, the most unacceptable ones, the most where those where there are most risk for violation of IHL, for humanitarian consequences, for actually increasing the human cost of armed conflicts.","start":1123.31,"end":1138.67,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."},{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1123.31,"end":1123.51},{"text":"call","start":1123.51,"end":1123.95},{"text":"are","start":1123.95,"end":1124.31},{"text":"very","start":1124.35,"end":1124.75},{"text":"specific","start":1124.75,"end":1125.23},{"text":"to","start":1125.23,"end":1125.39},{"text":"prohibit","start":1125.39,"end":1125.79},{"text":"certain","start":1125.79,"end":1126.27},{"text":"types,","start":1126.27,"end":1126.67},{"text":"the","start":1126.67,"end":1126.79},{"text":"most","start":1126.79,"end":1127.15},{"text":"unacceptable","start":1127.23,"end":1127.95},{"text":"ones,","start":1127.95,"end":1128.27},{"text":"the","start":1128.27,"end":1128.43},{"text":"most","start":1128.43,"end":1128.71},{"text":"where","start":1128.71,"end":1129.07},{"text":"those","start":1129.39,"end":1129.71},{"text":"where","start":1129.71,"end":1129.95},{"text":"there","start":1129.95,"end":1130.11},{"text":"are","start":1130.11,"end":1130.19},{"text":"most","start":1130.19,"end":1130.59},{"text":"risk","start":1130.59,"end":1130.91},{"text":"for","start":1130.91,"end":1131.11},{"text":"violation","start":1131.11,"end":1131.63},{"text":"of","start":1131.63,"end":1131.71},{"text":"IHL,","start":1131.71,"end":1132.27},{"text":"for","start":1132.35,"end":1132.75},{"text":"humanitarian","start":1132.75,"end":1133.39},{"text":"consequences,","start":1133.39,"end":1134.19},{"text":"for","start":1134.43,"end":1134.75},{"text":"actually","start":1134.75,"end":1135.31},{"text":"increasing","start":1135.63,"end":1136.43},{"text":"the","start":1136.51,"end":1136.75},{"text":"human","start":1137.07,"end":1137.39},{"text":"cost","start":1137.39,"end":1137.75},{"text":"of","start":1137.79,"end":1137.95},{"text":"armed","start":1137.95,"end":1138.15},{"text":"conflicts.","start":1138.15,"end":1138.67}]},{"text":"So again, it and putting restrictions on other, of course.","start":1138.99,"end":1142.39,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1138.99,"end":1139.27},{"text":"again,","start":1139.27,"end":1139.63},{"text":"it","start":1139.63,"end":1139.83},{"text":"and","start":1139.87,"end":1140.15},{"text":"putting","start":1140.19,"end":1140.59},{"text":"restrictions","start":1140.59,"end":1141.23},{"text":"on","start":1141.23,"end":1141.47},{"text":"other,","start":1141.47,"end":1141.79},{"text":"of","start":1141.79,"end":1141.95},{"text":"course.","start":1141.95,"end":1142.39}]},{"text":"So we know states are developing autonomous weapon systems, some already exist and they will continue to do so.","start":1142.39,"end":1148.71,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1142.39,"end":1142.83},{"text":"we","start":1142.83,"end":1143.07},{"text":"know","start":1143.07,"end":1143.47},{"text":"states","start":1143.71,"end":1144.19},{"text":"are","start":1144.27,"end":1144.43},{"text":"developing","start":1144.43,"end":1145.15},{"text":"autonomous","start":1145.47,"end":1145.87},{"text":"weapon","start":1145.87,"end":1146.11},{"text":"systems,","start":1146.11,"end":1146.55},{"text":"some","start":1146.55,"end":1146.71},{"text":"already","start":1146.75,"end":1147.11},{"text":"exist","start":1147.11,"end":1147.51},{"text":"and","start":1147.51,"end":1147.67},{"text":"they","start":1147.67,"end":1147.79},{"text":"will","start":1147.79,"end":1148.03},{"text":"continue","start":1148.03,"end":1148.43},{"text":"to","start":1148.43,"end":1148.55},{"text":"do","start":1148.55,"end":1148.63},{"text":"so.","start":1148.63,"end":1148.71}]},{"text":"But they need now to set the trajectory as the international community on what is not acceptable in those developments and focus on developing those that are acceptable and not developing those that are unacceptable, because that makes it even more difficult afterwards, one, the consequences are here, to actually disarm what has already been developed.","start":1149.31,"end":1172.59,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."},{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1149.31,"end":1149.47},{"text":"they","start":1149.47,"end":1149.63},{"text":"need","start":1149.63,"end":1149.95},{"text":"now","start":1149.95,"end":1150.27},{"text":"to","start":1150.27,"end":1150.39},{"text":"set","start":1150.39,"end":1150.67},{"text":"the","start":1150.67,"end":1150.79},{"text":"trajectory","start":1150.79,"end":1151.47},{"text":"as","start":1151.87,"end":1152.11},{"text":"the","start":1152.35,"end":1152.51},{"text":"international","start":1152.83,"end":1153.47},{"text":"community","start":1153.47,"end":1154.03},{"text":"on","start":1154.03,"end":1154.27},{"text":"what","start":1154.27,"end":1154.67},{"text":"is","start":1154.67,"end":1155.07},{"text":"not","start":1155.07,"end":1155.47},{"text":"acceptable","start":1155.47,"end":1156.11},{"text":"in","start":1156.11,"end":1156.35},{"text":"those","start":1156.35,"end":1156.55},{"text":"developments","start":1156.55,"end":1157.23},{"text":"and","start":1157.55,"end":1157.71},{"text":"focus","start":1157.71,"end":1158.11},{"text":"on","start":1158.11,"end":1158.27},{"text":"developing","start":1158.27,"end":1158.91},{"text":"those","start":1158.91,"end":1159.31},{"text":"that","start":1159.31,"end":1159.55},{"text":"are","start":1159.55,"end":1159.79},{"text":"acceptable","start":1159.95,"end":1160.67},{"text":"and","start":1160.67,"end":1160.95},{"text":"not","start":1160.95,"end":1161.23},{"text":"developing","start":1161.23,"end":1161.87},{"text":"those","start":1161.87,"end":1162.27},{"text":"that","start":1162.27,"end":1162.51},{"text":"are","start":1162.51,"end":1162.71},{"text":"unacceptable,","start":1163.31,"end":1164.11},{"text":"because","start":1164.99,"end":1165.39},{"text":"that","start":1165.39,"end":1165.63},{"text":"makes","start":1165.63,"end":1165.95},{"text":"it","start":1165.95,"end":1166.11},{"text":"even","start":1166.11,"end":1166.35},{"text":"more","start":1166.35,"end":1166.59},{"text":"difficult","start":1166.59,"end":1167.23},{"text":"afterwards,","start":1167.23,"end":1167.79},{"text":"one,","start":1167.79,"end":1168.11},{"text":"the","start":1168.11,"end":1168.27},{"text":"consequences","start":1168.27,"end":1168.99},{"text":"are","start":1168.99,"end":1169.07},{"text":"here,","start":1169.07,"end":1169.39},{"text":"to","start":1169.39,"end":1169.71},{"text":"actually","start":1169.71,"end":1170.11},{"text":"disarm","start":1170.11,"end":1170.55},{"text":"what","start":1170.55,"end":1170.83},{"text":"has","start":1170.83,"end":1170.99},{"text":"already","start":1170.99,"end":1171.55},{"text":"been","start":1171.79,"end":1172.11},{"text":"developed.","start":1172.11,"end":1172.59}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Laurent Gisel","affiliation":"ICRC","affiliation_full":"ICRC","group":null,"function":"Head, Arms and Conduct of Hostilities Unit"}},{"statement_number":9,"start":1175.15,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=1176","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":1175.15,"end":1175.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1175.15,"end":1175.35},{"text":"you.","start":1175.35,"end":1175.51}]},{"text":"For that second-half, I mean, of course, negotiations always occur between states, so they are the main actors involved in the decision-making.","start":1175.51,"end":1184.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":1175.51,"end":1175.75},{"text":"that","start":1175.75,"end":1175.99},{"text":"second-half,","start":1175.99,"end":1176.59},{"text":"I","start":1176.59,"end":1176.63},{"text":"mean,","start":1176.63,"end":1176.91},{"text":"of","start":1176.91,"end":1176.99},{"text":"course,","start":1176.99,"end":1177.43},{"text":"negotiations","start":1177.43,"end":1178.63},{"text":"always","start":1178.95,"end":1179.35},{"text":"occur","start":1179.35,"end":1179.75},{"text":"between","start":1179.75,"end":1180.15},{"text":"states,","start":1180.15,"end":1180.83},{"text":"so","start":1180.83,"end":1180.95},{"text":"they","start":1180.95,"end":1181.19},{"text":"are","start":1181.19,"end":1181.43},{"text":"the","start":1181.43,"end":1181.51},{"text":"main","start":1181.51,"end":1181.83},{"text":"actors","start":1181.83,"end":1182.47},{"text":"involved","start":1182.63,"end":1183.31},{"text":"in","start":1183.31,"end":1183.51},{"text":"the","start":1183.51,"end":1183.63},{"text":"decision-making.","start":1183.63,"end":1184.55}]},{"text":"And at this stage, as we have mentioned, the international community has not begun to negotiate an instrument.","start":1184.95,"end":1192.07,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1184.95,"end":1185.15},{"text":"at","start":1185.15,"end":1185.23},{"text":"this","start":1185.23,"end":1185.47},{"text":"stage,","start":1185.47,"end":1185.83},{"text":"as","start":1185.91,"end":1186.15},{"text":"we","start":1186.15,"end":1186.31},{"text":"have","start":1186.31,"end":1186.79},{"text":"mentioned,","start":1186.79,"end":1187.43},{"text":"the","start":1187.83,"end":1187.95},{"text":"international","start":1187.95,"end":1188.55},{"text":"community","start":1188.55,"end":1189.19},{"text":"has","start":1189.43,"end":1189.75},{"text":"not","start":1189.75,"end":1190.07},{"text":"begun","start":1190.15,"end":1190.55},{"text":"to","start":1190.55,"end":1190.67},{"text":"negotiate","start":1190.67,"end":1191.31},{"text":"an","start":1191.31,"end":1191.43},{"text":"instrument.","start":1191.43,"end":1192.07}]},{"text":"And what the Secretary-General is calling for, along with the President of the ICRC, is really to encourage the international community to move this process along.","start":1192.87,"end":1204.15,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1192.87,"end":1193.15},{"text":"what","start":1193.15,"end":1193.43},{"text":"the","start":1193.43,"end":1193.55},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":1193.55,"end":1194.71},{"text":"is","start":1194.71,"end":1194.95},{"text":"calling","start":1194.95,"end":1195.35},{"text":"for,","start":1195.35,"end":1195.91},{"text":"along","start":1196.07,"end":1196.55},{"text":"with","start":1196.55,"end":1196.83},{"text":"the","start":1196.83,"end":1196.91},{"text":"President","start":1196.95,"end":1197.47},{"text":"of","start":1197.47,"end":1197.59},{"text":"the","start":1197.59,"end":1197.71},{"text":"ICRC,","start":1197.71,"end":1198.63},{"text":"is","start":1198.95,"end":1199.19},{"text":"really","start":1199.19,"end":1199.59},{"text":"to","start":1199.59,"end":1200.07},{"text":"encourage","start":1200.23,"end":1200.71},{"text":"the","start":1200.71,"end":1200.79},{"text":"international","start":1200.79,"end":1201.51},{"text":"community","start":1201.51,"end":1202.15},{"text":"to","start":1202.15,"end":1202.35},{"text":"move","start":1202.39,"end":1202.87},{"text":"this","start":1202.87,"end":1203.11},{"text":"process","start":1203.11,"end":1203.67},{"text":"along.","start":1203.67,"end":1204.15}]},{"text":"And as it goes along to bring also, of course, all of the relevant stakeholders.","start":1204.87,"end":1209.51,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."},{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1204.87,"end":1205.07},{"text":"as","start":1205.19,"end":1205.51},{"text":"it","start":1205.51,"end":1205.67},{"text":"goes","start":1205.67,"end":1205.95},{"text":"along","start":1205.95,"end":1206.47},{"text":"to","start":1206.47,"end":1206.67},{"text":"bring","start":1206.67,"end":1207.03},{"text":"also,","start":1207.03,"end":1207.31},{"text":"of","start":1207.31,"end":1207.43},{"text":"course,","start":1207.43,"end":1207.75},{"text":"all","start":1207.75,"end":1208.03},{"text":"of","start":1208.03,"end":1208.15},{"text":"the","start":1208.15,"end":1208.23},{"text":"relevant","start":1208.23,"end":1208.71},{"text":"stakeholders.","start":1208.71,"end":1209.51}]},{"text":"But ultimately, the decision will be in the hands of the states themselves.","start":1209.51,"end":1213.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1209.51,"end":1209.67},{"text":"ultimately,","start":1209.67,"end":1210.23},{"text":"the","start":1210.23,"end":1210.39},{"text":"decision","start":1210.39,"end":1210.95},{"text":"will","start":1210.95,"end":1211.11},{"text":"be","start":1211.11,"end":1211.27},{"text":"in","start":1211.27,"end":1211.39},{"text":"the","start":1211.39,"end":1211.47},{"text":"hands","start":1211.47,"end":1211.91},{"text":"of","start":1211.91,"end":1212.07},{"text":"the","start":1212.07,"end":1212.23},{"text":"states","start":1212.23,"end":1212.71},{"text":"themselves.","start":1212.71,"end":1213.43}]},{"text":"And what we are aiming to do with this is to really to put in place the guardrails that are necessary to, as my colleague from the ICRC has said, to put in place the necessary prohibitions and restrictions as they apply to these new technologies.","start":1214.15,"end":1231.99,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1214.15,"end":1214.47},{"text":"what","start":1214.47,"end":1215.03},{"text":"we","start":1215.11,"end":1215.35},{"text":"are","start":1215.35,"end":1215.59},{"text":"aiming","start":1215.59,"end":1216.07},{"text":"to","start":1216.07,"end":1216.19},{"text":"do","start":1216.23,"end":1216.71},{"text":"with","start":1216.71,"end":1217.07},{"text":"this","start":1217.07,"end":1217.35},{"text":"is","start":1217.35,"end":1217.67},{"text":"to","start":1217.67,"end":1217.79},{"text":"really","start":1217.79,"end":1218.23},{"text":"to","start":1218.23,"end":1218.39},{"text":"put","start":1218.47,"end":1218.71},{"text":"in","start":1218.71,"end":1218.87},{"text":"place","start":1218.87,"end":1219.27},{"text":"the","start":1219.27,"end":1219.35},{"text":"guardrails","start":1219.35,"end":1220.15},{"text":"that","start":1220.15,"end":1220.27},{"text":"are","start":1220.27,"end":1220.39},{"text":"necessary","start":1220.39,"end":1221.19},{"text":"to,","start":1221.51,"end":1221.67},{"text":"as","start":1221.75,"end":1222.15},{"text":"my","start":1222.47,"end":1222.63},{"text":"colleague","start":1222.63,"end":1222.87},{"text":"from","start":1222.87,"end":1223.07},{"text":"the","start":1223.07,"end":1223.15},{"text":"ICRC","start":1223.15,"end":1223.83},{"text":"has","start":1223.83,"end":1224.23},{"text":"said,","start":1224.47,"end":1224.87},{"text":"to","start":1225.19,"end":1225.43},{"text":"put","start":1225.43,"end":1225.67},{"text":"in","start":1225.67,"end":1225.75},{"text":"place","start":1225.75,"end":1226.07},{"text":"the","start":1226.07,"end":1226.23},{"text":"necessary","start":1226.23,"end":1226.87},{"text":"prohibitions","start":1226.87,"end":1227.75},{"text":"and","start":1227.75,"end":1227.95},{"text":"restrictions","start":1227.95,"end":1228.63},{"text":"as","start":1228.95,"end":1229.19},{"text":"they","start":1229.19,"end":1229.43},{"text":"apply","start":1229.43,"end":1229.99},{"text":"to","start":1230.31,"end":1230.63},{"text":"these","start":1230.63,"end":1230.95},{"text":"new","start":1230.95,"end":1231.11},{"text":"technologies.","start":1231.11,"end":1231.99}]},{"text":"But ultimately, how that will be done and what that will will entail is the decision that states will have to take in the future.","start":1232.23,"end":1239.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1232.23,"end":1232.43},{"text":"ultimately,","start":1232.43,"end":1232.95},{"text":"how","start":1232.95,"end":1233.43},{"text":"that","start":1233.43,"end":1233.63},{"text":"will","start":1233.63,"end":1233.83},{"text":"be","start":1233.83,"end":1233.99},{"text":"done","start":1233.99,"end":1234.39},{"text":"and","start":1234.43,"end":1234.63},{"text":"what","start":1234.63,"end":1234.83},{"text":"that","start":1234.83,"end":1234.95},{"text":"will","start":1234.95,"end":1235.07},{"text":"will","start":1235.19,"end":1235.27},{"text":"entail","start":1235.27,"end":1235.83},{"text":"is","start":1236.07,"end":1236.31},{"text":"the","start":1236.31,"end":1236.47},{"text":"decision","start":1236.47,"end":1237.07},{"text":"that","start":1237.07,"end":1237.27},{"text":"states","start":1237.27,"end":1237.67},{"text":"will","start":1237.67,"end":1237.99},{"text":"have","start":1237.99,"end":1238.23},{"text":"to","start":1238.23,"end":1238.43},{"text":"take","start":1238.43,"end":1238.71},{"text":"in","start":1238.71,"end":1238.95},{"text":"the","start":1238.95,"end":1239.03},{"text":"future.","start":1239.03,"end":1239.51}]},{"text":"Right now, we are in the process of identifying what would be those elements, and then how that is done will be up for another set of decisions to come in November.","start":1239.83,"end":1251.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Right","start":1239.83,"end":1240.15},{"text":"now,","start":1240.15,"end":1240.39},{"text":"we","start":1240.39,"end":1240.63},{"text":"are","start":1240.63,"end":1240.79},{"text":"in","start":1240.79,"end":1240.87},{"text":"the","start":1240.87,"end":1240.95},{"text":"process","start":1240.95,"end":1241.51},{"text":"of","start":1241.55,"end":1241.75},{"text":"identifying","start":1241.75,"end":1242.55},{"text":"what","start":1242.75,"end":1243.07},{"text":"would","start":1243.07,"end":1243.23},{"text":"be","start":1243.23,"end":1243.35},{"text":"those","start":1243.35,"end":1243.67},{"text":"elements,","start":1243.67,"end":1244.31},{"text":"and","start":1244.87,"end":1245.07},{"text":"then","start":1245.07,"end":1245.27},{"text":"how","start":1245.27,"end":1245.99},{"text":"that","start":1246.39,"end":1246.63},{"text":"is","start":1246.63,"end":1246.87},{"text":"done","start":1246.87,"end":1247.27},{"text":"will","start":1247.51,"end":1247.75},{"text":"be","start":1247.75,"end":1247.99},{"text":"up","start":1247.99,"end":1248.15},{"text":"for","start":1248.63,"end":1248.91},{"text":"another","start":1248.91,"end":1249.35},{"text":"set","start":1249.35,"end":1249.55},{"text":"of","start":1249.55,"end":1249.67},{"text":"decisions","start":1249.67,"end":1250.31},{"text":"to","start":1250.31,"end":1250.47},{"text":"come","start":1250.47,"end":1250.79},{"text":"in","start":1250.79,"end":1250.99},{"text":"November.","start":1250.99,"end":1251.51}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Caroline Melanie Regimbal","affiliation":"UNODA","affiliation_full":"UNODA","group":null,"function":"Chief of Service"}},{"statement_number":10,"start":1251.99,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=1252","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I have a follow-up.","start":1251.99,"end":1252.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1251.99,"end":1252.03},{"text":"have","start":1252.03,"end":1252.15},{"text":"a","start":1252.23,"end":1252.27},{"text":"follow-up.","start":1252.27,"end":1252.63}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Just a follow-up.","start":1252.79,"end":1253.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Just","start":1252.79,"end":1253.11},{"text":"a","start":1253.11,"end":1253.19},{"text":"follow-up.","start":1253.19,"end":1253.59}]},{"text":"But is there an awareness in the industry about the problems that might occur with autonomous weapons?","start":1254.39,"end":1261.03,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1254.39,"end":1254.63},{"text":"is","start":1254.79,"end":1254.99},{"text":"there","start":1254.99,"end":1255.15},{"text":"an","start":1255.15,"end":1255.35},{"text":"awareness","start":1255.35,"end":1256.07},{"text":"in","start":1256.15,"end":1256.39},{"text":"the","start":1256.39,"end":1256.51},{"text":"industry","start":1256.51,"end":1257.11},{"text":"about","start":1257.11,"end":1257.43},{"text":"the","start":1257.43,"end":1257.55},{"text":"problems","start":1257.55,"end":1258.07},{"text":"that","start":1258.07,"end":1258.19},{"text":"might","start":1258.23,"end":1258.47},{"text":"occur","start":1258.47,"end":1258.87},{"text":"with","start":1258.87,"end":1259.23},{"text":"autonomous","start":1260.03,"end":1260.47},{"text":"weapons?","start":1260.47,"end":1261.03}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Journalist"}},{"statement_number":11,"start":1264.11,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=1265","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Yes, I think that there have been numerous engagements with the industry and with the different stakeholders across the global international community.","start":1264.11,"end":1273.95,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"Yes,","start":1264.11,"end":1264.43},{"text":"I","start":1264.43,"end":1264.59},{"text":"think","start":1264.59,"end":1264.91},{"text":"that","start":1264.91,"end":1265.07},{"text":"there","start":1265.07,"end":1265.35},{"text":"have","start":1265.35,"end":1265.55},{"text":"been","start":1265.55,"end":1266.03},{"text":"numerous","start":1266.27,"end":1267.15},{"text":"engagements","start":1267.39,"end":1268.19},{"text":"with","start":1268.19,"end":1268.55},{"text":"the","start":1268.55,"end":1268.63},{"text":"industry","start":1268.63,"end":1269.47},{"text":"and","start":1269.47,"end":1269.79},{"text":"with","start":1269.79,"end":1270.07},{"text":"the","start":1270.07,"end":1270.15},{"text":"different","start":1270.15,"end":1270.51},{"text":"stakeholders","start":1270.51,"end":1271.39},{"text":"across","start":1271.39,"end":1272.19},{"text":"the","start":1272.19,"end":1272.27},{"text":"global","start":1272.27,"end":1272.67},{"text":"international","start":1272.67,"end":1273.31},{"text":"community.","start":1273.31,"end":1273.95}]},{"text":"And of course, states are moving forward in their decisions in a very informed manner and have gathered information from industry themselves.","start":1274.19,"end":1283.47,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1274.19,"end":1274.39},{"text":"of","start":1274.39,"end":1274.47},{"text":"course,","start":1274.47,"end":1274.79},{"text":"states","start":1274.79,"end":1275.15},{"text":"are","start":1275.23,"end":1275.95},{"text":"moving","start":1276.43,"end":1276.91},{"text":"forward","start":1276.91,"end":1277.27},{"text":"in","start":1277.27,"end":1277.39},{"text":"their","start":1277.39,"end":1277.55},{"text":"decisions","start":1277.55,"end":1278.19},{"text":"in","start":1278.19,"end":1278.31},{"text":"a","start":1278.31,"end":1278.35},{"text":"very","start":1278.35,"end":1278.63},{"text":"informed","start":1278.63,"end":1279.07},{"text":"manner","start":1279.07,"end":1279.47},{"text":"and","start":1279.79,"end":1280.03},{"text":"have","start":1280.03,"end":1280.27},{"text":"gathered","start":1280.27,"end":1280.91},{"text":"information","start":1281.47,"end":1282.15},{"text":"from","start":1282.15,"end":1282.39},{"text":"industry","start":1282.39,"end":1282.91},{"text":"themselves.","start":1282.91,"end":1283.47}]},{"text":"A few years ago, there were a few calls from industry also to set in place precisely those guardrails so that they could continue to grow their industry.","start":1284.03,"end":1293.99,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":1284.03,"end":1284.07},{"text":"few","start":1284.07,"end":1284.35},{"text":"years","start":1284.35,"end":1284.63},{"text":"ago,","start":1284.63,"end":1284.91},{"text":"there","start":1284.91,"end":1285.07},{"text":"were","start":1285.07,"end":1285.35},{"text":"a","start":1285.35,"end":1285.39},{"text":"few","start":1285.39,"end":1285.95},{"text":"calls","start":1285.95,"end":1286.43},{"text":"from","start":1286.43,"end":1286.63},{"text":"industry","start":1286.63,"end":1287.15},{"text":"also","start":1287.15,"end":1287.55},{"text":"to","start":1287.55,"end":1287.67},{"text":"set","start":1287.67,"end":1288.03},{"text":"in","start":1288.03,"end":1288.19},{"text":"place","start":1288.19,"end":1288.51},{"text":"precisely","start":1288.51,"end":1289.23},{"text":"those","start":1289.23,"end":1289.55},{"text":"guardrails","start":1289.55,"end":1290.27},{"text":"so","start":1290.51,"end":1290.75},{"text":"that","start":1290.75,"end":1291.15},{"text":"they","start":1291.47,"end":1291.71},{"text":"could","start":1291.71,"end":1291.95},{"text":"continue","start":1291.95,"end":1292.59},{"text":"to","start":1292.59,"end":1292.75},{"text":"grow","start":1292.75,"end":1293.15},{"text":"their","start":1293.15,"end":1293.39},{"text":"industry.","start":1293.39,"end":1293.99}]},{"text":"but within the boundaries of existing humanitarian and legal laws.","start":1294.27,"end":1301.71,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"but","start":1294.27,"end":1294.43},{"text":"within","start":1294.43,"end":1295.07},{"text":"the","start":1295.07,"end":1295.27},{"text":"boundaries","start":1295.71,"end":1296.51},{"text":"of","start":1296.71,"end":1296.83},{"text":"existing","start":1297.15,"end":1297.87},{"text":"humanitarian","start":1297.87,"end":1298.91},{"text":"and","start":1299.23,"end":1299.43},{"text":"legal","start":1299.43,"end":1300.11},{"text":"laws.","start":1301.31,"end":1301.71}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Caroline Melanie Regimbal","affiliation":"UNODA","affiliation_full":"UNODA","group":null,"function":"Chief of Service"}},{"statement_number":12,"start":1303.15,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=1304","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Emma Farge, Reuters.","start":1303.15,"end":1304.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Emma","start":1303.15,"end":1303.39},{"text":"Farge,","start":1303.39,"end":1303.79},{"text":"Reuters.","start":1303.79,"end":1304.43}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":13,"start":1305.79,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=1306","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Good morning.","start":1305.79,"end":1306.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":1305.79,"end":1305.91},{"text":"morning.","start":1305.91,"end":1306.43}]},{"text":"Do you have evidence that fully autonomous weapons are already in use against human targets on the battlefield?","start":1307.79,"end":1315.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Do","start":1307.79,"end":1307.91},{"text":"you","start":1307.91,"end":1308.03},{"text":"have","start":1308.03,"end":1308.27},{"text":"evidence","start":1308.35,"end":1308.91},{"text":"that","start":1308.91,"end":1309.39},{"text":"fully","start":1309.47,"end":1309.91},{"text":"autonomous","start":1309.91,"end":1310.43},{"text":"weapons","start":1310.43,"end":1311.07},{"text":"are","start":1311.07,"end":1311.47},{"text":"already","start":1311.47,"end":1312.19},{"text":"in","start":1312.19,"end":1312.43},{"text":"use","start":1312.43,"end":1312.91},{"text":"against","start":1312.99,"end":1313.71},{"text":"human","start":1313.71,"end":1314.03},{"text":"targets","start":1314.03,"end":1314.51},{"text":"on","start":1314.51,"end":1314.83},{"text":"the","start":1314.83,"end":1314.91},{"text":"battlefield?","start":1314.91,"end":1315.71}]},{"text":"Do you have any examples, if so?","start":1316.19,"end":1317.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Do","start":1316.19,"end":1316.27},{"text":"you","start":1316.27,"end":1316.35},{"text":"have","start":1316.35,"end":1316.51},{"text":"any","start":1316.51,"end":1316.67},{"text":"examples,","start":1316.67,"end":1317.23},{"text":"if","start":1317.23,"end":1317.39},{"text":"so?","start":1317.39,"end":1317.87}]},{"text":"And just an update, please, on the talks in Geneva.","start":1318.55,"end":1321.99,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1318.55,"end":1318.87},{"text":"just","start":1318.87,"end":1319.07},{"text":"an","start":1319.07,"end":1319.19},{"text":"update,","start":1319.19,"end":1319.55},{"text":"please,","start":1319.55,"end":1319.91},{"text":"on","start":1319.91,"end":1320.31},{"text":"the","start":1320.31,"end":1320.43},{"text":"talks","start":1320.43,"end":1320.87},{"text":"in","start":1320.87,"end":1321.35},{"text":"Geneva.","start":1321.35,"end":1321.99}]},{"text":"What, or perhaps more accurately, who is preventing states from advancing to the formal negotiation phase?","start":1322.87,"end":1331.75,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"What,","start":1322.87,"end":1323.75},{"text":"or","start":1323.75,"end":1324.07},{"text":"perhaps","start":1324.07,"end":1324.47},{"text":"more","start":1324.47,"end":1324.71},{"text":"accurately,","start":1324.71,"end":1325.43},{"text":"who","start":1325.51,"end":1326.07},{"text":"is","start":1326.07,"end":1326.63},{"text":"preventing","start":1326.71,"end":1327.67},{"text":"states","start":1327.67,"end":1328.31},{"text":"from","start":1328.39,"end":1328.79},{"text":"advancing","start":1328.79,"end":1329.59},{"text":"to","start":1329.59,"end":1329.75},{"text":"the","start":1329.75,"end":1329.87},{"text":"formal","start":1329.87,"end":1330.27},{"text":"negotiation","start":1330.27,"end":1331.11},{"text":"phase?","start":1331.35,"end":1331.75}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":1331.79,"end":1332.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1331.79,"end":1331.95},{"text":"you.","start":1331.99,"end":1332.07}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Emma Farge","affiliation":"Reuters","affiliation_full":"Reuters","group":null,"function":"Journalist"}},{"statement_number":14,"start":1332.15,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=1333","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Laurent, you want to take the first part of the question, maybe?","start":1332.15,"end":1334.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Laurent,","start":1332.15,"end":1332.35},{"text":"you","start":1332.35,"end":1332.43},{"text":"want","start":1332.43,"end":1332.59},{"text":"to","start":1332.59,"end":1332.67},{"text":"take","start":1332.67,"end":1332.79},{"text":"the","start":1332.79,"end":1332.87},{"text":"first","start":1332.87,"end":1333.11},{"text":"part","start":1333.11,"end":1333.43},{"text":"of","start":1333.43,"end":1333.51},{"text":"the","start":1333.51,"end":1333.63},{"text":"question,","start":1333.63,"end":1334.11},{"text":"maybe?","start":1334.11,"end":1334.31}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":15,"start":1334.87,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=1335","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Yes. Yes, thank you.","start":1334.87,"end":1337.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yes.","start":1334.87,"end":1335.51},{"text":"Yes,","start":1337.47,"end":1337.63},{"text":"thank","start":1337.63,"end":1337.83},{"text":"you.","start":1337.83,"end":1337.99}]},{"text":"No, we don't have currently evidence, confirmed evidence that autonomous weapons have been used to directly target human beings on the battlefield.","start":1337.99,"end":1347.99,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."},{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"No,","start":1337.99,"end":1338.23},{"text":"we","start":1338.23,"end":1338.47},{"text":"don't","start":1338.47,"end":1338.79},{"text":"have","start":1338.79,"end":1339.19},{"text":"currently","start":1339.19,"end":1339.99},{"text":"evidence,","start":1339.99,"end":1340.79},{"text":"confirmed","start":1341.27,"end":1341.71},{"text":"evidence","start":1341.71,"end":1342.15},{"text":"that","start":1342.15,"end":1342.63},{"text":"autonomous","start":1342.63,"end":1343.19},{"text":"weapons","start":1343.19,"end":1343.63},{"text":"have","start":1343.63,"end":1343.83},{"text":"been","start":1343.83,"end":1344.07},{"text":"used","start":1344.07,"end":1344.43},{"text":"to","start":1344.43,"end":1344.51},{"text":"directly","start":1344.51,"end":1345.11},{"text":"target","start":1345.11,"end":1345.71},{"text":"human","start":1345.71,"end":1346.15},{"text":"beings","start":1346.15,"end":1346.71},{"text":"on","start":1347.11,"end":1347.27},{"text":"the","start":1347.27,"end":1347.35},{"text":"battlefield.","start":1347.35,"end":1347.99}]},{"text":"But that's certainly the trajectory of the development that we see in terms of autonomous weapon system, even if they are not yet deployed.","start":1348.39,"end":1357.15,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1348.39,"end":1348.59},{"text":"that's","start":1348.59,"end":1348.87},{"text":"certainly","start":1348.87,"end":1349.51},{"text":"the","start":1349.51,"end":1349.63},{"text":"trajectory","start":1349.63,"end":1350.55},{"text":"of","start":1350.55,"end":1351.03},{"text":"the","start":1351.03,"end":1351.15},{"text":"development","start":1351.15,"end":1352.07},{"text":"that","start":1353.19,"end":1353.43},{"text":"we","start":1353.43,"end":1353.59},{"text":"see","start":1353.59,"end":1353.83},{"text":"in","start":1353.83,"end":1353.91},{"text":"terms","start":1353.91,"end":1354.23},{"text":"of","start":1354.23,"end":1354.39},{"text":"autonomous","start":1354.39,"end":1354.87},{"text":"weapon","start":1354.87,"end":1355.19},{"text":"system,","start":1355.19,"end":1355.67},{"text":"even","start":1355.67,"end":1355.91},{"text":"if","start":1355.99,"end":1356.07},{"text":"they","start":1356.07,"end":1356.15},{"text":"are","start":1356.15,"end":1356.23},{"text":"not","start":1356.23,"end":1356.55},{"text":"yet","start":1356.55,"end":1356.67},{"text":"deployed.","start":1356.67,"end":1357.15}]},{"text":"And that's why it's so urgent to impose such prohibitions.","start":1357.15,"end":1360.95,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1357.15,"end":1357.27},{"text":"that's","start":1357.27,"end":1357.59},{"text":"why","start":1357.59,"end":1357.91},{"text":"it's","start":1357.91,"end":1358.23},{"text":"so","start":1358.23,"end":1358.39},{"text":"urgent","start":1358.39,"end":1359.03},{"text":"to","start":1359.07,"end":1359.19},{"text":"impose","start":1359.35,"end":1359.83},{"text":"such","start":1359.83,"end":1360.15},{"text":"prohibitions.","start":1360.15,"end":1360.95}]},{"text":"What is of course clear is that autonomous weapon system are already used in the battlefield.","start":1361.47,"end":1366.63,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"What","start":1361.47,"end":1361.71},{"text":"is","start":1361.71,"end":1361.83},{"text":"of","start":1361.83,"end":1361.91},{"text":"course","start":1361.91,"end":1362.15},{"text":"clear","start":1362.15,"end":1362.47},{"text":"is","start":1362.47,"end":1362.71},{"text":"that","start":1362.71,"end":1363.11},{"text":"autonomous","start":1363.11,"end":1363.59},{"text":"weapon","start":1363.59,"end":1363.91},{"text":"system","start":1363.91,"end":1364.47},{"text":"are","start":1364.47,"end":1364.79},{"text":"already","start":1364.95,"end":1365.35},{"text":"used","start":1365.35,"end":1365.63},{"text":"in","start":1365.63,"end":1365.71},{"text":"the","start":1365.71,"end":1365.83},{"text":"battlefield.","start":1365.83,"end":1366.63}]},{"text":"They are used in broader environment and that increase the risk for civilians being killed.","start":1366.63,"end":1372.63,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":1366.63,"end":1366.79},{"text":"are","start":1366.79,"end":1366.95},{"text":"used","start":1366.95,"end":1367.35},{"text":"in","start":1367.35,"end":1367.75},{"text":"broader","start":1367.75,"end":1368.23},{"text":"environment","start":1368.23,"end":1368.95},{"text":"and","start":1368.95,"end":1369.07},{"text":"that","start":1369.07,"end":1369.27},{"text":"increase","start":1369.27,"end":1369.59},{"text":"the","start":1369.59,"end":1369.67},{"text":"risk","start":1369.67,"end":1370.07},{"text":"for","start":1370.31,"end":1370.75},{"text":"civilians","start":1371.51,"end":1371.99},{"text":"being","start":1371.99,"end":1372.23},{"text":"killed.","start":1372.23,"end":1372.63}]},{"text":"But that's different from civilians being directly or even human beings being directly targeted because of course civilians being directly targeted, it's already fully prohibited by existing law.","start":1372.63,"end":1383.15,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."},{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1372.63,"end":1372.79},{"text":"that's","start":1372.79,"end":1373.27},{"text":"different","start":1373.43,"end":1373.87},{"text":"from","start":1373.87,"end":1374.07},{"text":"civilians","start":1374.07,"end":1374.47},{"text":"being","start":1374.47,"end":1374.71},{"text":"directly","start":1374.71,"end":1375.35},{"text":"or","start":1375.51,"end":1375.63},{"text":"even","start":1375.63,"end":1375.87},{"text":"human","start":1375.87,"end":1376.19},{"text":"beings","start":1376.19,"end":1376.55},{"text":"being","start":1376.55,"end":1376.87},{"text":"directly","start":1376.87,"end":1377.35},{"text":"targeted","start":1377.35,"end":1377.91},{"text":"because","start":1377.91,"end":1378.31},{"text":"of","start":1378.71,"end":1378.87},{"text":"course","start":1378.87,"end":1379.15},{"text":"civilians","start":1379.15,"end":1379.59},{"text":"being","start":1379.59,"end":1379.83},{"text":"directly","start":1379.83,"end":1380.31},{"text":"targeted,","start":1380.31,"end":1380.67},{"text":"it's","start":1380.67,"end":1380.91},{"text":"already","start":1380.91,"end":1381.27},{"text":"fully","start":1381.27,"end":1381.55},{"text":"prohibited","start":1381.55,"end":1382.15},{"text":"by","start":1382.15,"end":1382.39},{"text":"existing","start":1382.39,"end":1382.87},{"text":"law.","start":1382.87,"end":1383.15}]},{"text":"That's a war crime whether that's with an autonomous weapons or not, if it's deliberately targeting civilians.","start":1383.35,"end":1388.47,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."}],"words":[{"text":"That's","start":1383.35,"end":1383.71},{"text":"a","start":1383.71,"end":1383.75},{"text":"war","start":1383.75,"end":1383.91},{"text":"crime","start":1383.91,"end":1384.23},{"text":"whether","start":1384.23,"end":1384.51},{"text":"that's","start":1384.51,"end":1384.79},{"text":"with","start":1384.79,"end":1384.91},{"text":"an","start":1384.91,"end":1384.99},{"text":"autonomous","start":1384.99,"end":1385.43},{"text":"weapons","start":1385.43,"end":1385.75},{"text":"or","start":1385.75,"end":1385.83},{"text":"not,","start":1385.83,"end":1386.11},{"text":"if","start":1386.11,"end":1386.19},{"text":"it's","start":1386.23,"end":1386.51},{"text":"deliberately","start":1386.51,"end":1387.19},{"text":"targeting","start":1387.51,"end":1387.99},{"text":"civilians.","start":1387.99,"end":1388.47}]},{"text":"The question is that any autonomous weapon And there's a high risk that a targeting human is actually protected at the moment of the strike.","start":1388.47,"end":1399.43,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1388.47,"end":1388.59},{"text":"question","start":1388.59,"end":1389.11},{"text":"is","start":1389.11,"end":1389.67},{"text":"that","start":1389.99,"end":1390.23},{"text":"any","start":1390.31,"end":1390.59},{"text":"autonomous","start":1390.59,"end":1391.03},{"text":"weapon","start":1391.03,"end":1391.35},{"text":"And","start":1391.75,"end":1391.87},{"text":"there's","start":1391.87,"end":1392.79},{"text":"a","start":1392.95,"end":1393.03},{"text":"high","start":1393.11,"end":1393.43},{"text":"risk","start":1393.43,"end":1393.83},{"text":"that","start":1393.83,"end":1394.31},{"text":"a","start":1394.31,"end":1394.47},{"text":"targeting","start":1394.47,"end":1395.27},{"text":"human","start":1395.67,"end":1396.23},{"text":"is","start":1396.23,"end":1396.47},{"text":"actually","start":1396.47,"end":1396.87},{"text":"protected","start":1396.87,"end":1397.43},{"text":"at","start":1397.43,"end":1397.59},{"text":"the","start":1397.59,"end":1397.75},{"text":"moment","start":1397.75,"end":1398.31},{"text":"of","start":1398.31,"end":1398.79},{"text":"the","start":1398.79,"end":1398.91},{"text":"strike.","start":1398.91,"end":1399.43}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Laurent Gisel","affiliation":"ICRC","affiliation_full":"ICRC","group":null,"function":"Head, Arms and Conduct of Hostilities Unit"}},{"statement_number":16,"start":1402.43,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=1403","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Certainly.","start":1402.43,"end":1402.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Certainly.","start":1402.43,"end":1402.91}]},{"text":"I think we can say quite firmly that there is willingness and interest by the international community to continue these discussions.","start":1403.71,"end":1412.99,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1403.71,"end":1403.79},{"text":"think","start":1403.87,"end":1404.11},{"text":"we","start":1404.19,"end":1404.35},{"text":"can","start":1404.35,"end":1404.59},{"text":"say","start":1404.59,"end":1404.99},{"text":"quite","start":1404.99,"end":1405.39},{"text":"firmly","start":1405.39,"end":1405.95},{"text":"that","start":1405.95,"end":1406.43},{"text":"there","start":1406.67,"end":1407.07},{"text":"is","start":1407.07,"end":1407.55},{"text":"willingness","start":1407.87,"end":1408.83},{"text":"and","start":1408.83,"end":1409.07},{"text":"interest","start":1409.07,"end":1409.63},{"text":"by","start":1409.63,"end":1409.87},{"text":"the","start":1409.87,"end":1409.99},{"text":"international","start":1409.99,"end":1410.71},{"text":"community","start":1410.71,"end":1411.31},{"text":"to","start":1411.31,"end":1411.43},{"text":"continue","start":1411.43,"end":1411.95},{"text":"these","start":1411.95,"end":1412.19},{"text":"discussions.","start":1412.19,"end":1412.99}]},{"text":"The proof has been the last three years of the mandate of the group of governmental experts, which is not to start negotiations, but rather to identify elements of an instrument which could then become and open the door to a negotiation.","start":1412.99,"end":1430.71,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1412.99,"end":1413.11},{"text":"proof","start":1413.11,"end":1413.43},{"text":"has","start":1413.43,"end":1413.63},{"text":"been","start":1413.63,"end":1414.03},{"text":"the","start":1414.27,"end":1414.35},{"text":"last","start":1414.35,"end":1414.71},{"text":"three","start":1414.71,"end":1414.99},{"text":"years","start":1414.99,"end":1415.47},{"text":"of","start":1415.47,"end":1415.67},{"text":"the","start":1415.67,"end":1415.79},{"text":"mandate","start":1415.79,"end":1416.35},{"text":"of","start":1416.35,"end":1416.59},{"text":"the","start":1416.59,"end":1416.75},{"text":"group","start":1416.75,"end":1417.07},{"text":"of","start":1417.27,"end":1417.39},{"text":"governmental","start":1417.39,"end":1418.03},{"text":"experts,","start":1418.03,"end":1418.75},{"text":"which","start":1418.99,"end":1419.39},{"text":"is","start":1419.39,"end":1419.71},{"text":"not","start":1419.71,"end":1420.15},{"text":"to","start":1420.15,"end":1420.23},{"text":"start","start":1420.23,"end":1420.51},{"text":"negotiations,","start":1420.51,"end":1421.47},{"text":"but","start":1421.47,"end":1421.67},{"text":"rather","start":1421.67,"end":1422.11},{"text":"to","start":1422.11,"end":1422.31},{"text":"identify","start":1422.31,"end":1422.99},{"text":"elements","start":1423.07,"end":1423.87},{"text":"of","start":1424.51,"end":1424.79},{"text":"an","start":1426.39,"end":1426.55},{"text":"instrument","start":1426.55,"end":1427.31},{"text":"which","start":1427.31,"end":1427.59},{"text":"could","start":1427.59,"end":1427.75},{"text":"then","start":1427.75,"end":1428.07},{"text":"become","start":1428.07,"end":1428.71},{"text":"and","start":1428.71,"end":1429.03},{"text":"open","start":1429.03,"end":1429.27},{"text":"the","start":1429.27,"end":1429.35},{"text":"door","start":1429.35,"end":1429.75},{"text":"to","start":1429.75,"end":1429.87},{"text":"a","start":1429.87,"end":1429.91},{"text":"negotiation.","start":1429.91,"end":1430.71}]},{"text":"So I think it is not a matter of who is blocking or not, but rather where we are in the process.","start":1430.71,"end":1436.63,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1430.71,"end":1430.91},{"text":"I","start":1430.91,"end":1430.95},{"text":"think","start":1430.95,"end":1431.27},{"text":"it","start":1431.59,"end":1431.75},{"text":"is","start":1431.75,"end":1431.91},{"text":"not","start":1431.91,"end":1432.11},{"text":"a","start":1432.11,"end":1432.15},{"text":"matter","start":1432.15,"end":1432.71},{"text":"of","start":1432.75,"end":1432.95},{"text":"who","start":1432.95,"end":1433.19},{"text":"is","start":1433.19,"end":1433.43},{"text":"blocking","start":1433.43,"end":1433.99},{"text":"or","start":1433.99,"end":1434.15},{"text":"not,","start":1434.15,"end":1434.47},{"text":"but","start":1434.47,"end":1434.63},{"text":"rather","start":1434.63,"end":1435.03},{"text":"where","start":1435.03,"end":1435.31},{"text":"we","start":1435.31,"end":1435.51},{"text":"are","start":1435.51,"end":1435.75},{"text":"in","start":1435.75,"end":1435.91},{"text":"the","start":1435.91,"end":1436.03},{"text":"process.","start":1436.03,"end":1436.63}]},{"text":"And this process is supported by all of the high contracting parties to the convention on certain conventional weapons, and has even brought in different actors who are not necessarily members to this convention to join the conversation on the set of which could form the basis of an instrument.","start":1436.95,"end":1456.87,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1436.95,"end":1437.11},{"text":"this","start":1437.11,"end":1437.27},{"text":"process","start":1437.27,"end":1437.83},{"text":"is","start":1437.83,"end":1438.31},{"text":"supported","start":1438.31,"end":1439.03},{"text":"by","start":1439.03,"end":1439.19},{"text":"all","start":1439.19,"end":1439.43},{"text":"of","start":1439.43,"end":1439.51},{"text":"the","start":1439.51,"end":1439.67},{"text":"high","start":1439.67,"end":1439.83},{"text":"contracting","start":1439.83,"end":1440.55},{"text":"parties","start":1440.55,"end":1441.11},{"text":"to","start":1441.43,"end":1441.67},{"text":"the","start":1441.67,"end":1441.79},{"text":"convention","start":1441.79,"end":1442.55},{"text":"on","start":1442.63,"end":1442.87},{"text":"certain","start":1442.87,"end":1443.19},{"text":"conventional","start":1443.19,"end":1443.83},{"text":"weapons,","start":1443.83,"end":1444.31},{"text":"and","start":1444.63,"end":1444.87},{"text":"has","start":1444.87,"end":1445.11},{"text":"even","start":1445.11,"end":1445.59},{"text":"brought","start":1446.31,"end":1446.71},{"text":"in","start":1446.79,"end":1447.11},{"text":"different","start":1447.11,"end":1447.59},{"text":"actors","start":1447.59,"end":1447.99},{"text":"who","start":1447.99,"end":1448.15},{"text":"are","start":1448.15,"end":1448.23},{"text":"not","start":1448.23,"end":1448.51},{"text":"necessarily","start":1448.51,"end":1449.19},{"text":"members","start":1449.19,"end":1449.59},{"text":"to","start":1449.59,"end":1449.75},{"text":"this","start":1449.75,"end":1449.91},{"text":"convention","start":1449.91,"end":1450.55},{"text":"to","start":1450.87,"end":1450.99},{"text":"join","start":1451.03,"end":1451.35},{"text":"the","start":1451.35,"end":1451.47},{"text":"conversation","start":1451.47,"end":1452.39},{"text":"on","start":1452.39,"end":1452.87},{"text":"the","start":1453.67,"end":1453.79},{"text":"set","start":1453.79,"end":1453.99},{"text":"of","start":1453.99,"end":1454.15},{"text":"which","start":1454.35,"end":1454.79},{"text":"could","start":1454.79,"end":1455.11},{"text":"form","start":1455.11,"end":1455.43},{"text":"the","start":1455.43,"end":1455.51},{"text":"basis","start":1455.51,"end":1456.07},{"text":"of","start":1456.07,"end":1456.23},{"text":"an","start":1456.23,"end":1456.31},{"text":"instrument.","start":1456.31,"end":1456.87}]},{"text":"So I think so far the international community has put this at the forefront of the disarmament agenda, and the proof is that we've been discussing this issue now for the full period of its mandate.","start":1456.87,"end":1469.83,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1456.87,"end":1457.19},{"text":"I","start":1457.75,"end":1457.91},{"text":"think","start":1457.91,"end":1458.23},{"text":"so","start":1458.23,"end":1458.39},{"text":"far","start":1458.39,"end":1458.71},{"text":"the","start":1458.71,"end":1458.83},{"text":"international","start":1458.83,"end":1459.47},{"text":"community","start":1459.47,"end":1460.07},{"text":"has","start":1460.31,"end":1460.87},{"text":"put","start":1461.35,"end":1461.67},{"text":"this","start":1461.67,"end":1461.99},{"text":"at","start":1461.99,"end":1462.15},{"text":"the","start":1462.15,"end":1462.23},{"text":"forefront","start":1462.23,"end":1463.03},{"text":"of","start":1463.03,"end":1463.35},{"text":"the","start":1463.35,"end":1463.43},{"text":"disarmament","start":1463.43,"end":1464.15},{"text":"agenda,","start":1464.15,"end":1464.71},{"text":"and","start":1465.07,"end":1465.19},{"text":"the","start":1465.19,"end":1465.27},{"text":"proof","start":1465.27,"end":1465.59},{"text":"is","start":1465.59,"end":1465.83},{"text":"that","start":1465.83,"end":1465.99},{"text":"we've","start":1465.99,"end":1466.19},{"text":"been","start":1466.19,"end":1466.35},{"text":"discussing","start":1466.35,"end":1466.87},{"text":"this","start":1466.87,"end":1467.11},{"text":"issue","start":1467.11,"end":1467.59},{"text":"now","start":1467.59,"end":1467.91},{"text":"for","start":1467.91,"end":1468.07},{"text":"the","start":1468.07,"end":1468.23},{"text":"full","start":1468.23,"end":1468.55},{"text":"period","start":1468.55,"end":1469.03},{"text":"of","start":1469.03,"end":1469.11},{"text":"its","start":1469.11,"end":1469.35},{"text":"mandate.","start":1469.35,"end":1469.83}]},{"text":"The group will complete its task at the end of next week, and that will give us an indication of where we go next.","start":1470.15,"end":1477.51,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1470.15,"end":1470.27},{"text":"group","start":1470.27,"end":1470.63},{"text":"will","start":1470.63,"end":1470.87},{"text":"complete","start":1470.87,"end":1471.43},{"text":"its","start":1471.43,"end":1471.75},{"text":"task","start":1471.75,"end":1472.31},{"text":"at","start":1472.31,"end":1472.71},{"text":"the","start":1472.71,"end":1472.83},{"text":"end","start":1472.83,"end":1473.03},{"text":"of","start":1473.03,"end":1473.11},{"text":"next","start":1473.11,"end":1473.43},{"text":"week,","start":1473.43,"end":1473.83},{"text":"and","start":1474.31,"end":1474.59},{"text":"that","start":1474.59,"end":1474.71},{"text":"will","start":1474.71,"end":1474.87},{"text":"give","start":1474.87,"end":1475.11},{"text":"us","start":1475.11,"end":1475.31},{"text":"an","start":1475.31,"end":1475.43},{"text":"indication","start":1475.43,"end":1476.23},{"text":"of","start":1476.27,"end":1476.35},{"text":"where","start":1476.35,"end":1476.63},{"text":"we","start":1476.63,"end":1476.79},{"text":"go","start":1476.79,"end":1476.95},{"text":"next.","start":1476.95,"end":1477.51}]},{"text":"But I think we can safely say that there is wide support to continue exploring these these issues.","start":1477.83,"end":1484.95,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1477.83,"end":1478.31},{"text":"I","start":1478.47,"end":1478.51},{"text":"think","start":1478.51,"end":1478.79},{"text":"we","start":1478.79,"end":1478.95},{"text":"can","start":1478.95,"end":1479.19},{"text":"safely","start":1479.19,"end":1479.67},{"text":"say","start":1479.67,"end":1479.99},{"text":"that","start":1480.31,"end":1480.55},{"text":"there","start":1480.55,"end":1480.87},{"text":"is","start":1480.87,"end":1481.03},{"text":"wide","start":1481.03,"end":1481.35},{"text":"support","start":1481.35,"end":1482.03},{"text":"to","start":1482.03,"end":1482.11},{"text":"continue","start":1482.71,"end":1483.23},{"text":"exploring","start":1483.23,"end":1483.87},{"text":"these","start":1483.87,"end":1483.99},{"text":"these","start":1484.35,"end":1484.47},{"text":"issues.","start":1484.47,"end":1484.95}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Caroline Melanie Regimbal","affiliation":"UNODA","affiliation_full":"UNODA","group":null,"function":"Chief of Service"}},{"statement_number":17,"start":1485.91,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=1486","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Agnes Pedrero, French News Agency.","start":1485.91,"end":1488.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Agnes","start":1485.91,"end":1486.27},{"text":"Pedrero,","start":1486.27,"end":1486.87},{"text":"French","start":1486.87,"end":1487.27},{"text":"News","start":1487.27,"end":1487.43},{"text":"Agency.","start":1487.43,"end":1488.07}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":18,"start":1489.83,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=1490","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Yes, hi, thank you.","start":1489.83,"end":1490.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yes,","start":1489.83,"end":1490.03},{"text":"hi,","start":1490.07,"end":1490.31},{"text":"thank","start":1490.31,"end":1490.55},{"text":"you.","start":1490.55,"end":1490.71}]},{"text":"About the fact that if some cases have already existed or not, you say that there's no evidence, but the other day there was some media reports about a drone guided by AI, autonomous weapon, that killed three Ukrainians on 6 July, which could be maybe the first documented case of civilians So I was wondering if both of the organizations have heard about this case, if you are looking at this case, and if you have any information about that?","start":1493.35,"end":1524.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"About","start":1493.35,"end":1493.75},{"text":"the","start":1493.75,"end":1493.91},{"text":"fact","start":1493.91,"end":1494.15},{"text":"that","start":1494.15,"end":1494.39},{"text":"if","start":1494.39,"end":1494.55},{"text":"some","start":1494.55,"end":1494.87},{"text":"cases","start":1494.87,"end":1495.27},{"text":"have","start":1495.27,"end":1495.43},{"text":"already","start":1495.43,"end":1495.79},{"text":"existed","start":1495.79,"end":1496.39},{"text":"or","start":1496.39,"end":1496.67},{"text":"not,","start":1496.67,"end":1497.03},{"text":"you","start":1497.03,"end":1497.27},{"text":"say","start":1497.27,"end":1497.43},{"text":"that","start":1497.43,"end":1497.83},{"text":"there's","start":1497.83,"end":1498.23},{"text":"no","start":1498.31,"end":1498.55},{"text":"evidence,","start":1498.55,"end":1499.11},{"text":"but","start":1499.35,"end":1499.51},{"text":"the","start":1499.51,"end":1499.63},{"text":"other","start":1499.63,"end":1499.87},{"text":"day","start":1499.87,"end":1500.07},{"text":"there","start":1500.07,"end":1500.23},{"text":"was","start":1500.23,"end":1500.43},{"text":"some","start":1500.43,"end":1500.83},{"text":"media","start":1500.83,"end":1501.11},{"text":"reports","start":1501.11,"end":1501.83},{"text":"about","start":1501.99,"end":1502.39},{"text":"a","start":1502.39,"end":1502.47},{"text":"drone","start":1502.47,"end":1502.87},{"text":"guided","start":1502.87,"end":1503.27},{"text":"by","start":1503.27,"end":1504.15},{"text":"AI,","start":1504.31,"end":1504.39},{"text":"autonomous","start":1504.87,"end":1505.43},{"text":"weapon,","start":1505.43,"end":1505.91},{"text":"that","start":1506.23,"end":1506.71},{"text":"killed","start":1506.71,"end":1507.11},{"text":"three","start":1507.51,"end":1507.83},{"text":"Ukrainians","start":1507.83,"end":1508.79},{"text":"on","start":1509.11,"end":1509.35},{"text":"6","start":1509.35,"end":1509.59},{"text":"July,","start":1509.67,"end":1510.07},{"text":"which","start":1510.87,"end":1511.19},{"text":"could","start":1511.19,"end":1511.35},{"text":"be","start":1511.35,"end":1511.59},{"text":"maybe","start":1511.67,"end":1511.99},{"text":"the","start":1511.99,"end":1512.07},{"text":"first","start":1512.07,"end":1512.43},{"text":"documented","start":1512.43,"end":1513.11},{"text":"case","start":1513.19,"end":1513.59},{"text":"of","start":1513.59,"end":1513.67},{"text":"civilians","start":1513.67,"end":1514.23},{"text":"So","start":1515.23,"end":1515.71},{"text":"I","start":1515.71,"end":1515.75},{"text":"was","start":1515.75,"end":1516.27},{"text":"wondering","start":1516.63,"end":1517.67},{"text":"if","start":1517.83,"end":1518.07},{"text":"both","start":1518.07,"end":1518.39},{"text":"of","start":1518.47,"end":1518.95},{"text":"the","start":1518.95,"end":1519.03},{"text":"organizations","start":1519.03,"end":1519.83},{"text":"have","start":1519.83,"end":1519.99},{"text":"heard","start":1519.99,"end":1520.19},{"text":"about","start":1520.19,"end":1520.39},{"text":"this","start":1520.39,"end":1520.63},{"text":"case,","start":1520.63,"end":1520.95},{"text":"if","start":1520.95,"end":1521.11},{"text":"you","start":1521.11,"end":1521.19},{"text":"are","start":1521.19,"end":1521.35},{"text":"looking","start":1521.35,"end":1521.67},{"text":"at","start":1521.67,"end":1521.75},{"text":"this","start":1521.75,"end":1521.99},{"text":"case,","start":1521.99,"end":1522.31},{"text":"and","start":1522.31,"end":1522.55},{"text":"if","start":1522.55,"end":1522.63},{"text":"you","start":1522.63,"end":1522.79},{"text":"have","start":1522.79,"end":1523.11},{"text":"any","start":1523.35,"end":1523.67},{"text":"information","start":1523.67,"end":1524.31},{"text":"about","start":1524.31,"end":1524.51},{"text":"that?","start":1524.51,"end":1524.95}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Agnes Pedrero","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Journalist"}},{"statement_number":19,"start":1530.39,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=1531","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":1530.39,"end":1530.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1530.39,"end":1530.67},{"text":"you.","start":1530.67,"end":1530.95}]},{"text":"I mean, we will refrain from commenting on any specific allegations or use, but I would just like to point out that AI technologies and autonomous weapon systems are slightly different.","start":1530.95,"end":1546.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1530.95,"end":1531.03},{"text":"mean,","start":1531.03,"end":1531.27},{"text":"we","start":1531.27,"end":1531.43},{"text":"will","start":1531.43,"end":1531.67},{"text":"refrain","start":1531.67,"end":1532.15},{"text":"from","start":1532.15,"end":1533.03},{"text":"commenting","start":1534.15,"end":1534.79},{"text":"on","start":1534.79,"end":1535.03},{"text":"any","start":1535.03,"end":1535.19},{"text":"specific","start":1535.19,"end":1535.99},{"text":"allegations","start":1536.39,"end":1537.43},{"text":"or","start":1537.43,"end":1538.07},{"text":"use,","start":1538.07,"end":1538.47},{"text":"but","start":1538.47,"end":1538.95},{"text":"I","start":1539.19,"end":1539.35},{"text":"would","start":1539.35,"end":1539.51},{"text":"just","start":1539.51,"end":1539.75},{"text":"like","start":1539.75,"end":1539.91},{"text":"to","start":1539.91,"end":1540.07},{"text":"point","start":1540.07,"end":1540.47},{"text":"out","start":1540.55,"end":1540.95},{"text":"that","start":1540.95,"end":1541.43},{"text":"AI","start":1542.47,"end":1542.79},{"text":"technologies","start":1542.79,"end":1543.75},{"text":"and","start":1543.75,"end":1543.95},{"text":"autonomous","start":1543.95,"end":1544.47},{"text":"weapon","start":1544.47,"end":1544.87},{"text":"systems","start":1544.87,"end":1545.43},{"text":"are","start":1545.43,"end":1545.75},{"text":"slightly","start":1545.75,"end":1546.15},{"text":"different.","start":1546.15,"end":1546.79}]},{"text":"issues.","start":1547.19,"end":1547.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"issues.","start":1547.19,"end":1547.83}]},{"text":"AI is a modality that can be used within autonomous weapon system, but is not in itself an autonomous weapon.","start":1547.99,"end":1554.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"AI","start":1547.99,"end":1548.39},{"text":"is","start":1548.39,"end":1548.55},{"text":"a","start":1548.55,"end":1548.63},{"text":"modality","start":1548.63,"end":1549.35},{"text":"that","start":1549.35,"end":1549.51},{"text":"can","start":1549.51,"end":1549.67},{"text":"be","start":1549.67,"end":1549.91},{"text":"used","start":1549.91,"end":1550.31},{"text":"within","start":1550.31,"end":1550.87},{"text":"autonomous","start":1550.87,"end":1551.35},{"text":"weapon","start":1551.35,"end":1551.67},{"text":"system,","start":1551.67,"end":1552.15},{"text":"but","start":1552.39,"end":1552.63},{"text":"is","start":1552.63,"end":1552.79},{"text":"not","start":1552.79,"end":1553.03},{"text":"in","start":1553.03,"end":1553.11},{"text":"itself","start":1553.11,"end":1553.67},{"text":"an","start":1553.67,"end":1553.91},{"text":"autonomous","start":1553.91,"end":1554.39},{"text":"weapon.","start":1554.39,"end":1554.79}]},{"text":"So although I will refrain from commenting on this specific incident because I do not have enough information on it, I can say that AI does not necessarily equal autonomous weapon system, but rather is one of the tools that bring these systems to life.","start":1554.79,"end":1574.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1554.79,"end":1555.03},{"text":"although","start":1555.35,"end":1555.67},{"text":"I","start":1555.67,"end":1555.83},{"text":"will","start":1555.83,"end":1556.07},{"text":"refrain","start":1556.07,"end":1556.55},{"text":"from","start":1556.55,"end":1557.03},{"text":"commenting","start":1557.59,"end":1558.23},{"text":"on","start":1558.23,"end":1558.39},{"text":"this","start":1558.39,"end":1558.59},{"text":"specific","start":1558.59,"end":1559.11},{"text":"incident","start":1559.11,"end":1559.75},{"text":"because","start":1559.75,"end":1560.07},{"text":"I","start":1560.07,"end":1560.23},{"text":"do","start":1560.47,"end":1560.63},{"text":"not","start":1560.63,"end":1560.83},{"text":"have","start":1560.83,"end":1561.03},{"text":"enough","start":1561.03,"end":1561.27},{"text":"information","start":1561.27,"end":1561.91},{"text":"on","start":1561.91,"end":1562.11},{"text":"it,","start":1562.11,"end":1562.31},{"text":"I","start":1562.87,"end":1562.95},{"text":"can","start":1562.95,"end":1563.19},{"text":"say","start":1563.19,"end":1563.43},{"text":"that","start":1563.43,"end":1564.63},{"text":"AI","start":1564.79,"end":1565.35},{"text":"does","start":1565.35,"end":1565.67},{"text":"not","start":1565.67,"end":1565.91},{"text":"necessarily","start":1565.91,"end":1566.79},{"text":"equal","start":1567.19,"end":1567.67},{"text":"autonomous","start":1567.75,"end":1568.47},{"text":"weapon","start":1568.71,"end":1569.11},{"text":"system,","start":1569.11,"end":1569.51},{"text":"but","start":1569.51,"end":1569.75},{"text":"rather","start":1569.75,"end":1570.07},{"text":"is","start":1570.07,"end":1570.39},{"text":"one","start":1570.39,"end":1570.79},{"text":"of","start":1570.79,"end":1571.03},{"text":"the","start":1571.03,"end":1571.11},{"text":"tools","start":1571.11,"end":1571.67},{"text":"that","start":1571.67,"end":1572.07},{"text":"bring","start":1572.71,"end":1573.19},{"text":"these","start":1573.27,"end":1573.47},{"text":"systems","start":1573.47,"end":1573.99},{"text":"to","start":1573.99,"end":1574.15},{"text":"life.","start":1574.15,"end":1574.55}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Caroline Melanie Regimbal","affiliation":"UNODA","affiliation_full":"UNODA","group":null,"function":"Chief of Service"}},{"statement_number":20,"start":1578.67,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=1579","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I just want to also agree with what Melanie just mentioned in terms of the distinction between AI and autonomous weapons.","start":1578.67,"end":1587.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1578.67,"end":1578.83},{"text":"just","start":1578.83,"end":1579.03},{"text":"want","start":1579.03,"end":1579.19},{"text":"to","start":1579.19,"end":1579.47},{"text":"also","start":1581.39,"end":1581.83},{"text":"agree","start":1581.83,"end":1582.43},{"text":"with","start":1582.43,"end":1582.71},{"text":"what","start":1582.71,"end":1583.15},{"text":"Melanie","start":1583.55,"end":1583.87},{"text":"just","start":1583.87,"end":1584.07},{"text":"mentioned","start":1584.07,"end":1584.47},{"text":"in","start":1584.47,"end":1584.59},{"text":"terms","start":1584.59,"end":1584.83},{"text":"of","start":1584.83,"end":1584.91},{"text":"the","start":1584.91,"end":1585.03},{"text":"distinction","start":1585.03,"end":1585.51},{"text":"between","start":1585.51,"end":1586.19},{"text":"AI","start":1586.27,"end":1586.55},{"text":"and","start":1586.55,"end":1586.71},{"text":"autonomous","start":1586.71,"end":1587.15},{"text":"weapons.","start":1587.15,"end":1587.71}]},{"text":"You don't necessarily need to have AI in autonomous weapons for it to be autonomous.","start":1587.95,"end":1592.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":1587.95,"end":1588.15},{"text":"don't","start":1588.15,"end":1588.43},{"text":"necessarily","start":1588.43,"end":1588.91},{"text":"need","start":1588.91,"end":1589.03},{"text":"to","start":1589.03,"end":1589.11},{"text":"have","start":1589.11,"end":1589.47},{"text":"AI","start":1589.63,"end":1590.03},{"text":"in","start":1590.03,"end":1590.43},{"text":"autonomous","start":1590.43,"end":1590.83},{"text":"weapons","start":1590.83,"end":1591.23},{"text":"for","start":1591.23,"end":1591.39},{"text":"it","start":1591.39,"end":1591.51},{"text":"to","start":1591.51,"end":1591.63},{"text":"be","start":1591.63,"end":1591.79},{"text":"autonomous.","start":1591.79,"end":1592.35}]},{"text":"You have other forms of autonomous weapon system that don't rely on artificial intelligence, but of course an autonomous weapon system that rely on artificial intelligence.","start":1592.35,"end":1601.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":1592.35,"end":1592.51},{"text":"have","start":1592.51,"end":1592.83},{"text":"other","start":1592.83,"end":1593.15},{"text":"forms","start":1593.15,"end":1593.47},{"text":"of","start":1593.47,"end":1593.59},{"text":"autonomous","start":1593.59,"end":1594.03},{"text":"weapon","start":1594.03,"end":1594.31},{"text":"system","start":1594.31,"end":1594.67},{"text":"that","start":1594.67,"end":1594.83},{"text":"don't","start":1594.83,"end":1595.35},{"text":"rely","start":1595.35,"end":1595.71},{"text":"on","start":1595.71,"end":1595.95},{"text":"artificial","start":1595.95,"end":1596.39},{"text":"intelligence,","start":1596.39,"end":1597.07},{"text":"but","start":1597.15,"end":1597.31},{"text":"of","start":1597.31,"end":1597.47},{"text":"course","start":1597.47,"end":1597.79},{"text":"an","start":1597.79,"end":1597.87},{"text":"autonomous","start":1597.87,"end":1598.27},{"text":"weapon","start":1598.27,"end":1598.67},{"text":"system","start":1598.67,"end":1599.07},{"text":"that","start":1599.07,"end":1599.31},{"text":"rely","start":1599.31,"end":1599.79},{"text":"on","start":1599.79,"end":1600.03},{"text":"artificial","start":1600.03,"end":1600.55},{"text":"intelligence.","start":1600.55,"end":1601.23}]},{"text":"And the development that we see today in that regard is precisely to increase the context and the operational modalities for that autonomous weapon systems to operate with causing increasing risk for civilians.","start":1601.83,"end":1617.27,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1601.83,"end":1601.99},{"text":"the","start":1601.99,"end":1602.07},{"text":"development","start":1602.07,"end":1602.59},{"text":"that","start":1602.59,"end":1602.79},{"text":"we","start":1602.79,"end":1602.95},{"text":"see","start":1602.95,"end":1603.19},{"text":"today","start":1603.19,"end":1603.67},{"text":"in","start":1603.67,"end":1603.87},{"text":"that","start":1603.87,"end":1604.07},{"text":"regard","start":1604.07,"end":1604.47},{"text":"is","start":1604.47,"end":1604.63},{"text":"precisely","start":1604.63,"end":1605.19},{"text":"to","start":1605.19,"end":1605.39},{"text":"increase","start":1605.43,"end":1606.11},{"text":"the","start":1606.15,"end":1606.39},{"text":"context","start":1606.79,"end":1607.43},{"text":"and","start":1607.43,"end":1607.55},{"text":"the","start":1607.55,"end":1607.67},{"text":"operational","start":1607.67,"end":1608.39},{"text":"modalities","start":1608.71,"end":1609.51},{"text":"for","start":1609.51,"end":1609.83},{"text":"that","start":1609.99,"end":1610.39},{"text":"autonomous","start":1611.11,"end":1611.59},{"text":"weapon","start":1611.59,"end":1611.91},{"text":"systems","start":1611.91,"end":1612.47},{"text":"to","start":1612.47,"end":1612.71},{"text":"operate","start":1612.71,"end":1613.35},{"text":"with","start":1613.35,"end":1614.03},{"text":"causing","start":1614.47,"end":1614.95},{"text":"increasing","start":1614.95,"end":1615.59},{"text":"risk","start":1615.59,"end":1615.91},{"text":"for","start":1615.91,"end":1616.27},{"text":"civilians.","start":1616.63,"end":1617.27}]},{"text":"Now, I'm not going to comment on that particular case either, but just on your point on being careful when we look at a specific incident and whether that's the first time or not, whether we speak of the first time that a Syrian has been directly targeted by an autonomous weapon or whether that's the first time a Syrian got killed by an autonomous weapon.","start":1617.83,"end":1641.99,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"Now,","start":1617.83,"end":1618.15},{"text":"I'm","start":1619.07,"end":1619.27},{"text":"not","start":1619.27,"end":1619.43},{"text":"going","start":1619.43,"end":1619.67},{"text":"to","start":1619.67,"end":1619.83},{"text":"comment","start":1619.83,"end":1620.19},{"text":"on","start":1620.19,"end":1620.31},{"text":"that","start":1620.31,"end":1620.55},{"text":"particular","start":1620.55,"end":1620.99},{"text":"case","start":1620.99,"end":1621.27},{"text":"either,","start":1621.27,"end":1621.59},{"text":"but","start":1621.59,"end":1621.99},{"text":"just","start":1621.99,"end":1622.31},{"text":"on","start":1622.31,"end":1622.39},{"text":"your","start":1622.39,"end":1622.51},{"text":"point","start":1622.51,"end":1622.95},{"text":"on","start":1622.95,"end":1623.19},{"text":"being","start":1623.91,"end":1624.55},{"text":"careful","start":1625.51,"end":1625.91},{"text":"when","start":1625.91,"end":1626.11},{"text":"we","start":1626.11,"end":1626.23},{"text":"look","start":1626.23,"end":1626.63},{"text":"at","start":1626.71,"end":1627.27},{"text":"a","start":1627.27,"end":1627.35},{"text":"specific","start":1627.43,"end":1627.95},{"text":"incident","start":1627.95,"end":1628.51},{"text":"and","start":1628.51,"end":1628.63},{"text":"whether","start":1628.63,"end":1629.03},{"text":"that's","start":1629.03,"end":1629.51},{"text":"the","start":1629.51,"end":1629.67},{"text":"first","start":1629.67,"end":1629.95},{"text":"time","start":1629.99,"end":1630.47},{"text":"or","start":1630.47,"end":1630.55},{"text":"not,","start":1630.55,"end":1631.11},{"text":"whether","start":1631.35,"end":1632.07},{"text":"we","start":1632.07,"end":1632.19},{"text":"speak","start":1632.19,"end":1632.55},{"text":"of","start":1632.55,"end":1632.71},{"text":"the","start":1632.71,"end":1632.79},{"text":"first","start":1632.79,"end":1633.15},{"text":"time","start":1633.15,"end":1633.43},{"text":"that","start":1633.43,"end":1633.83},{"text":"a","start":1633.83,"end":1634.15},{"text":"Syrian","start":1634.15,"end":1634.47},{"text":"has","start":1634.47,"end":1634.67},{"text":"been","start":1634.71,"end":1634.95},{"text":"directly","start":1635.03,"end":1635.91},{"text":"targeted","start":1635.91,"end":1636.55},{"text":"by","start":1636.55,"end":1636.95},{"text":"an","start":1637.15,"end":1637.27},{"text":"autonomous","start":1637.27,"end":1637.67},{"text":"weapon","start":1637.67,"end":1638.07},{"text":"or","start":1638.07,"end":1638.15},{"text":"whether","start":1638.15,"end":1638.43},{"text":"that's","start":1638.43,"end":1638.71},{"text":"the","start":1638.71,"end":1638.79},{"text":"first","start":1638.79,"end":1639.07},{"text":"time","start":1639.07,"end":1639.35},{"text":"a","start":1639.43,"end":1639.51},{"text":"Syrian","start":1639.51,"end":1640.31},{"text":"got","start":1640.31,"end":1640.63},{"text":"killed","start":1640.63,"end":1640.95},{"text":"by","start":1640.95,"end":1641.15},{"text":"an","start":1641.15,"end":1641.23},{"text":"autonomous","start":1641.23,"end":1641.67},{"text":"weapon.","start":1641.67,"end":1641.99}]},{"text":"And the latter occurred already.","start":1642.15,"end":1643.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1642.15,"end":1642.35},{"text":"the","start":1642.35,"end":1642.43},{"text":"latter","start":1642.43,"end":1642.79},{"text":"occurred","start":1642.79,"end":1643.35},{"text":"already.","start":1643.35,"end":1643.91}]},{"text":"Weapons kill civilians, unfortunately, all the time around the world, and that's often in terms of incidental harm, colloquially called collateral damage in newspapers and media and others.","start":1645.03,"end":1658.39,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"Weapons","start":1645.03,"end":1645.59},{"text":"kill","start":1645.59,"end":1645.79},{"text":"civilians,","start":1645.79,"end":1646.31},{"text":"unfortunately,","start":1647.07,"end":1647.71},{"text":"all","start":1647.83,"end":1647.91},{"text":"the","start":1647.91,"end":1648.03},{"text":"time","start":1648.03,"end":1648.31},{"text":"around","start":1648.31,"end":1648.63},{"text":"the","start":1648.63,"end":1648.71},{"text":"world,","start":1648.71,"end":1649.19},{"text":"and","start":1649.43,"end":1650.51},{"text":"that's","start":1650.51,"end":1650.87},{"text":"often","start":1650.87,"end":1651.51},{"text":"in","start":1651.99,"end":1652.39},{"text":"terms","start":1652.39,"end":1652.71},{"text":"of","start":1652.71,"end":1652.95},{"text":"incidental","start":1653.03,"end":1653.59},{"text":"harm,","start":1653.59,"end":1654.07},{"text":"colloquially","start":1654.39,"end":1655.03},{"text":"called","start":1655.03,"end":1655.35},{"text":"collateral","start":1655.35,"end":1655.83},{"text":"damage","start":1655.83,"end":1656.23},{"text":"in","start":1656.23,"end":1656.43},{"text":"newspapers","start":1656.43,"end":1657.11},{"text":"and","start":1657.43,"end":1657.59},{"text":"media","start":1657.59,"end":1657.83},{"text":"and","start":1657.83,"end":1658.03},{"text":"others.","start":1658.03,"end":1658.39}]},{"text":"And so that's not always prohibited.","start":1659.03,"end":1662.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1659.03,"end":1659.67},{"text":"so","start":1659.67,"end":1659.91},{"text":"that's","start":1659.91,"end":1660.47},{"text":"not","start":1660.47,"end":1660.95},{"text":"always","start":1661.03,"end":1661.75},{"text":"prohibited.","start":1661.75,"end":1662.47}]},{"text":"There are rules on that, on taking all feasible precautions, assessing proportionality of the incidental harm.","start":1662.47,"end":1668.87,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":1662.47,"end":1662.67},{"text":"are","start":1662.67,"end":1662.83},{"text":"rules","start":1662.83,"end":1663.07},{"text":"on","start":1663.07,"end":1663.19},{"text":"that,","start":1663.19,"end":1663.59},{"text":"on","start":1663.59,"end":1663.91},{"text":"taking","start":1663.91,"end":1664.31},{"text":"all","start":1664.31,"end":1664.47},{"text":"feasible","start":1664.47,"end":1664.79},{"text":"precautions,","start":1664.79,"end":1665.59},{"text":"assessing","start":1665.59,"end":1666.71},{"text":"proportionality","start":1666.71,"end":1667.67},{"text":"of","start":1667.67,"end":1667.79},{"text":"the","start":1667.79,"end":1667.87},{"text":"incidental","start":1667.87,"end":1668.47},{"text":"harm.","start":1668.47,"end":1668.87}]},{"text":"And that's also a decision that becomes far more challenging to take with an autonomous weapon system, whether it's relying on AI or not.","start":1669.27,"end":1676.95,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1669.27,"end":1669.47},{"text":"that's","start":1669.47,"end":1669.79},{"text":"also","start":1669.79,"end":1669.99},{"text":"a","start":1669.99,"end":1670.03},{"text":"decision","start":1670.03,"end":1670.47},{"text":"that","start":1670.47,"end":1670.63},{"text":"becomes","start":1670.63,"end":1671.19},{"text":"far","start":1671.27,"end":1671.59},{"text":"more","start":1671.59,"end":1671.79},{"text":"challenging","start":1671.79,"end":1672.31},{"text":"to","start":1672.31,"end":1672.39},{"text":"take","start":1672.39,"end":1672.87},{"text":"with","start":1672.87,"end":1673.31},{"text":"an","start":1673.31,"end":1673.43},{"text":"autonomous","start":1673.43,"end":1674.15},{"text":"weapon","start":1674.39,"end":1674.87},{"text":"system,","start":1674.87,"end":1675.43},{"text":"whether","start":1675.43,"end":1675.67},{"text":"it's","start":1675.67,"end":1675.91},{"text":"relying","start":1675.91,"end":1676.23},{"text":"on","start":1676.23,"end":1676.39},{"text":"AI","start":1676.39,"end":1676.59},{"text":"or","start":1676.59,"end":1676.67},{"text":"not.","start":1676.67,"end":1676.95}]},{"text":"because the operators doesn't know actually what the system will strike, where and when.","start":1677.83,"end":1684.07,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"because","start":1677.83,"end":1678.23},{"text":"the","start":1678.23,"end":1678.39},{"text":"operators","start":1678.39,"end":1678.95},{"text":"doesn't","start":1678.95,"end":1679.47},{"text":"know","start":1679.47,"end":1679.75},{"text":"actually","start":1679.75,"end":1680.19},{"text":"what","start":1680.19,"end":1680.79},{"text":"the","start":1680.95,"end":1681.43},{"text":"system","start":1681.43,"end":1681.99},{"text":"will","start":1681.99,"end":1682.15},{"text":"strike,","start":1682.15,"end":1682.71},{"text":"where","start":1682.71,"end":1683.19},{"text":"and","start":1683.35,"end":1683.55},{"text":"when.","start":1683.55,"end":1684.07}]},{"text":"And that's also the reason why we call for restricting the use only outside of populated area, because that's precisely where the risk of incidental harm is highest and the challenge for the operators to anticipate that risk of incidental civilian harm and take all feasible precautions to minimize that as required by existing law is the highest.","start":1684.39,"end":1707.51,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."},{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1684.39,"end":1684.67},{"text":"that's","start":1684.67,"end":1684.95},{"text":"also","start":1684.95,"end":1685.43},{"text":"the","start":1685.43,"end":1685.59},{"text":"reason","start":1685.59,"end":1685.91},{"text":"why","start":1685.91,"end":1686.23},{"text":"we","start":1686.23,"end":1686.55},{"text":"call","start":1686.55,"end":1686.95},{"text":"for","start":1686.95,"end":1687.23},{"text":"restricting","start":1687.23,"end":1687.99},{"text":"the","start":1688.15,"end":1688.39},{"text":"use","start":1688.39,"end":1688.79},{"text":"only","start":1688.79,"end":1689.27},{"text":"outside","start":1689.27,"end":1689.63},{"text":"of","start":1689.63,"end":1689.75},{"text":"populated","start":1689.75,"end":1690.31},{"text":"area,","start":1690.31,"end":1690.67},{"text":"because","start":1690.71,"end":1691.03},{"text":"that's","start":1691.03,"end":1691.31},{"text":"precisely","start":1691.31,"end":1691.71},{"text":"where","start":1691.71,"end":1692.07},{"text":"the","start":1692.39,"end":1692.55},{"text":"risk","start":1692.55,"end":1692.87},{"text":"of","start":1692.87,"end":1693.03},{"text":"incidental","start":1693.11,"end":1693.75},{"text":"harm","start":1693.75,"end":1694.15},{"text":"is","start":1694.15,"end":1694.39},{"text":"highest","start":1694.39,"end":1695.11},{"text":"and","start":1695.11,"end":1695.39},{"text":"the","start":1695.39,"end":1695.51},{"text":"challenge","start":1695.51,"end":1696.15},{"text":"for","start":1696.15,"end":1696.55},{"text":"the","start":1696.71,"end":1696.99},{"text":"operators","start":1696.99,"end":1697.59},{"text":"to","start":1697.59,"end":1697.75},{"text":"anticipate","start":1697.75,"end":1698.71},{"text":"that","start":1698.71,"end":1698.95},{"text":"risk","start":1698.95,"end":1699.27},{"text":"of","start":1699.27,"end":1699.43},{"text":"incidental","start":1699.43,"end":1700.07},{"text":"civilian","start":1700.07,"end":1700.39},{"text":"harm","start":1700.39,"end":1700.71},{"text":"and","start":1700.79,"end":1701.19},{"text":"take","start":1701.67,"end":1701.91},{"text":"all","start":1701.91,"end":1702.07},{"text":"feasible","start":1702.07,"end":1702.47},{"text":"precautions","start":1702.47,"end":1703.07},{"text":"to","start":1703.07,"end":1703.35},{"text":"minimize","start":1703.35,"end":1703.99},{"text":"that","start":1703.99,"end":1704.39},{"text":"as","start":1704.71,"end":1704.95},{"text":"required","start":1704.95,"end":1705.43},{"text":"by","start":1705.43,"end":1705.75},{"text":"existing","start":1705.75,"end":1706.31},{"text":"law","start":1706.31,"end":1706.59},{"text":"is","start":1706.59,"end":1706.95},{"text":"the","start":1706.95,"end":1707.03},{"text":"highest.","start":1707.03,"end":1707.51}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Laurent Gisel","affiliation":"ICRC","affiliation_full":"ICRC","group":null,"function":"Head, Arms and Conduct of Hostilities Unit"}},{"statement_number":21,"start":1708.63,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=1709","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Isabel Saco, Spanish News Agency.","start":1708.63,"end":1710.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Isabel","start":1708.63,"end":1709.07},{"text":"Saco,","start":1709.07,"end":1709.51},{"text":"Spanish","start":1709.51,"end":1710.07},{"text":"News","start":1710.07,"end":1710.39},{"text":"Agency.","start":1710.39,"end":1710.95}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":22,"start":1712.63,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=1713","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Good morning.","start":1712.63,"end":1713.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":1712.63,"end":1712.75},{"text":"morning.","start":1712.79,"end":1713.19}]},{"text":"I would like to know what are more precisely the kind of weapons that you are asking to be prohibited because you said the idea is not to prohibit.","start":1715.27,"end":1726.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1715.27,"end":1715.43},{"text":"would","start":1715.43,"end":1715.59},{"text":"like","start":1715.59,"end":1715.83},{"text":"to","start":1716.95,"end":1717.11},{"text":"know","start":1717.11,"end":1717.51},{"text":"what","start":1717.51,"end":1717.83},{"text":"are","start":1717.83,"end":1718.15},{"text":"more","start":1718.31,"end":1718.87},{"text":"precisely","start":1718.87,"end":1719.51},{"text":"the","start":1719.51,"end":1719.71},{"text":"kind","start":1719.71,"end":1720.19},{"text":"of","start":1720.19,"end":1720.47},{"text":"weapons","start":1720.63,"end":1721.11},{"text":"that","start":1721.11,"end":1721.27},{"text":"you","start":1721.27,"end":1721.43},{"text":"are","start":1721.43,"end":1721.75},{"text":"asking","start":1721.99,"end":1722.43},{"text":"to","start":1722.43,"end":1722.55},{"text":"be","start":1722.55,"end":1722.71},{"text":"prohibited","start":1722.71,"end":1723.51},{"text":"because","start":1723.51,"end":1723.79},{"text":"you","start":1723.79,"end":1723.87},{"text":"said","start":1723.87,"end":1724.15},{"text":"the","start":1724.31,"end":1724.55},{"text":"idea","start":1724.63,"end":1725.11},{"text":"is","start":1725.15,"end":1725.23},{"text":"not","start":1725.27,"end":1725.39},{"text":"to","start":1725.39,"end":1725.47},{"text":"prohibit.","start":1725.59,"end":1726.07}]},{"text":"to forbid all the autonomous weapons, but some types of autonomous weapons.","start":1727.31,"end":1732.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"to","start":1727.31,"end":1727.47},{"text":"forbid","start":1727.47,"end":1727.87},{"text":"all","start":1727.87,"end":1728.43},{"text":"the","start":1728.43,"end":1728.59},{"text":"autonomous","start":1728.63,"end":1729.03},{"text":"weapons,","start":1729.03,"end":1729.47},{"text":"but","start":1729.47,"end":1729.79},{"text":"some","start":1730.03,"end":1730.35},{"text":"types","start":1730.35,"end":1731.07},{"text":"of","start":1731.07,"end":1731.31},{"text":"autonomous","start":1731.31,"end":1731.95},{"text":"weapons.","start":1731.95,"end":1732.59}]},{"text":"So could you be very precise on what are you asking to prohibit?","start":1732.75,"end":1737.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1732.75,"end":1733.07},{"text":"could","start":1733.19,"end":1733.35},{"text":"you","start":1733.35,"end":1733.47},{"text":"be","start":1733.47,"end":1733.95},{"text":"very","start":1734.11,"end":1734.39},{"text":"precise","start":1734.39,"end":1734.91},{"text":"on","start":1734.91,"end":1735.03},{"text":"what","start":1735.03,"end":1735.31},{"text":"are","start":1735.31,"end":1735.47},{"text":"you","start":1735.47,"end":1735.63},{"text":"asking","start":1735.63,"end":1736.03},{"text":"to","start":1736.03,"end":1736.35},{"text":"prohibit?","start":1737.07,"end":1737.79}]},{"text":"And in what extent autonomous weapons are being used now in the battlefield?","start":1738.11,"end":1743.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1738.11,"end":1738.39},{"text":"in","start":1738.39,"end":1738.55},{"text":"what","start":1738.55,"end":1738.75},{"text":"extent","start":1738.75,"end":1739.39},{"text":"autonomous","start":1739.99,"end":1740.39},{"text":"weapons","start":1740.39,"end":1740.83},{"text":"are","start":1740.83,"end":1740.99},{"text":"being","start":1740.99,"end":1741.31},{"text":"used","start":1741.31,"end":1742.11},{"text":"now","start":1742.19,"end":1742.67},{"text":"in","start":1742.99,"end":1743.27},{"text":"the","start":1743.27,"end":1743.39},{"text":"battlefield?","start":1743.39,"end":1743.99}]},{"text":"Could you have any idea to say?","start":1744.75,"end":1746.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Could","start":1744.75,"end":1744.95},{"text":"you","start":1744.99,"end":1745.15},{"text":"have","start":1745.15,"end":1745.47},{"text":"any","start":1745.47,"end":1745.67},{"text":"idea","start":1745.67,"end":1746.11},{"text":"to","start":1746.11,"end":1746.35},{"text":"say?","start":1746.43,"end":1746.75}]},{"text":"in we have 50 conflicts in the world, in 10 of them or 20 of them we are using autonomous weapons, and or in the number of weapons represents 20% of all weapons that are being used.","start":1749.19,"end":1766.07,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"in","start":1749.19,"end":1749.31},{"text":"we","start":1749.59,"end":1749.83},{"text":"have","start":1749.83,"end":1749.99},{"text":"50","start":1749.99,"end":1750.71},{"text":"conflicts","start":1751.11,"end":1751.59},{"text":"in","start":1751.59,"end":1751.67},{"text":"the","start":1751.67,"end":1751.75},{"text":"world,","start":1751.75,"end":1752.11},{"text":"in","start":1752.11,"end":1752.39},{"text":"10","start":1752.47,"end":1752.71},{"text":"of","start":1752.71,"end":1752.87},{"text":"them","start":1752.87,"end":1753.19},{"text":"or","start":1753.19,"end":1753.43},{"text":"20","start":1753.43,"end":1753.71},{"text":"of","start":1753.71,"end":1753.83},{"text":"them","start":1753.83,"end":1754.15},{"text":"we","start":1754.15,"end":1754.31},{"text":"are","start":1754.31,"end":1754.47},{"text":"using","start":1754.95,"end":1755.47},{"text":"autonomous","start":1755.47,"end":1755.91},{"text":"weapons,","start":1755.91,"end":1756.47},{"text":"and","start":1758.43,"end":1758.55},{"text":"or","start":1758.79,"end":1759.35},{"text":"in","start":1760.71,"end":1761.27},{"text":"the","start":1761.79,"end":1761.91},{"text":"number","start":1761.91,"end":1762.15},{"text":"of","start":1762.15,"end":1762.23},{"text":"weapons","start":1762.23,"end":1762.71},{"text":"represents","start":1762.71,"end":1763.43},{"text":"20%","start":1764.23,"end":1764.27},{"text":"of","start":1764.27,"end":1764.71},{"text":"all","start":1764.71,"end":1764.87},{"text":"weapons","start":1764.87,"end":1765.27},{"text":"that","start":1765.27,"end":1765.43},{"text":"are","start":1765.43,"end":1765.59},{"text":"being","start":1765.59,"end":1765.79},{"text":"used.","start":1765.79,"end":1766.07}]},{"text":"I don't know, yes, to you to have an idea what we would like to have to give a sense of importance of this issue to the audience.","start":1766.07,"end":1776.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1766.07,"end":1766.31},{"text":"don't","start":1766.31,"end":1766.75},{"text":"know,","start":1766.75,"end":1766.87},{"text":"yes,","start":1766.87,"end":1767.19},{"text":"to","start":1767.19,"end":1767.35},{"text":"you","start":1769.35,"end":1769.59},{"text":"to","start":1769.59,"end":1769.71},{"text":"have","start":1769.71,"end":1769.91},{"text":"an","start":1769.91,"end":1770.03},{"text":"idea","start":1770.03,"end":1770.19},{"text":"what","start":1770.19,"end":1770.55},{"text":"we","start":1770.79,"end":1771.03},{"text":"would","start":1771.03,"end":1771.27},{"text":"like","start":1771.59,"end":1771.79},{"text":"to","start":1771.79,"end":1771.91},{"text":"have","start":1771.91,"end":1772.23},{"text":"to","start":1772.23,"end":1772.63},{"text":"give","start":1773.19,"end":1773.43},{"text":"a","start":1773.75,"end":1773.83},{"text":"sense","start":1773.83,"end":1774.15},{"text":"of","start":1774.15,"end":1774.31},{"text":"importance","start":1774.31,"end":1774.91},{"text":"of","start":1774.91,"end":1775.03},{"text":"this","start":1775.03,"end":1775.27},{"text":"issue","start":1775.27,"end":1775.59},{"text":"to","start":1775.63,"end":1775.75},{"text":"the","start":1775.75,"end":1775.87},{"text":"audience.","start":1775.87,"end":1776.39}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Isabel Saco","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Journalist"}},{"statement_number":23,"start":1784.27,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=1785","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I can start with clarifying what we call states on private thing.","start":1784.27,"end":1789.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1784.27,"end":1784.43},{"text":"can","start":1784.43,"end":1784.59},{"text":"start","start":1784.59,"end":1784.99},{"text":"with","start":1784.99,"end":1785.31},{"text":"clarifying","start":1785.31,"end":1785.87},{"text":"what","start":1785.87,"end":1786.19},{"text":"we","start":1786.19,"end":1786.51},{"text":"call","start":1787.23,"end":1787.71},{"text":"states","start":1787.71,"end":1788.19},{"text":"on","start":1788.27,"end":1788.55},{"text":"private","start":1788.55,"end":1788.95},{"text":"thing.","start":1788.95,"end":1789.15}]},{"text":"So it's two types of autonomous weapons that we call upon states to private.","start":1789.15,"end":1794.91,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1789.15,"end":1789.39},{"text":"it's","start":1789.39,"end":1789.79},{"text":"two","start":1790.03,"end":1790.27},{"text":"types","start":1790.27,"end":1790.75},{"text":"of","start":1790.75,"end":1790.91},{"text":"autonomous","start":1790.91,"end":1791.31},{"text":"weapons","start":1791.31,"end":1791.87},{"text":"that","start":1791.87,"end":1792.27},{"text":"we","start":1792.51,"end":1792.91},{"text":"call","start":1792.91,"end":1793.31},{"text":"upon","start":1793.63,"end":1793.87},{"text":"states","start":1793.87,"end":1794.23},{"text":"to","start":1794.23,"end":1794.35},{"text":"private.","start":1794.35,"end":1794.91}]},{"text":"The first, I mean two types, two categories and two prohibitions, I would rather say two prohibitions because they can apply to many different types of weapons.","start":1795.39,"end":1803.19,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1795.39,"end":1795.55},{"text":"first,","start":1795.55,"end":1796.15},{"text":"I","start":1796.15,"end":1796.19},{"text":"mean","start":1796.19,"end":1796.43},{"text":"two","start":1796.43,"end":1796.75},{"text":"types,","start":1796.99,"end":1797.31},{"text":"two","start":1797.31,"end":1797.55},{"text":"categories","start":1797.55,"end":1798.11},{"text":"and","start":1798.11,"end":1798.27},{"text":"two","start":1798.27,"end":1798.43},{"text":"prohibitions,","start":1798.43,"end":1799.15},{"text":"I","start":1799.15,"end":1799.23},{"text":"would","start":1799.23,"end":1799.39},{"text":"rather","start":1799.39,"end":1799.67},{"text":"say","start":1799.67,"end":1799.79},{"text":"two","start":1799.79,"end":1800.03},{"text":"prohibitions","start":1800.03,"end":1800.59},{"text":"because","start":1800.59,"end":1800.83},{"text":"they","start":1800.83,"end":1800.99},{"text":"can","start":1800.99,"end":1801.15},{"text":"apply","start":1801.15,"end":1801.47},{"text":"to","start":1801.47,"end":1801.63},{"text":"many","start":1801.63,"end":1801.95},{"text":"different","start":1801.95,"end":1802.39},{"text":"types","start":1802.39,"end":1802.67},{"text":"of","start":1802.67,"end":1802.75},{"text":"weapons.","start":1802.75,"end":1803.19}]},{"text":"So the prohibitions is for unpredictable autonomous weapons.","start":1803.19,"end":1807.51,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1803.19,"end":1803.39},{"text":"the","start":1803.39,"end":1803.47},{"text":"prohibitions","start":1803.47,"end":1804.19},{"text":"is","start":1804.67,"end":1805.15},{"text":"for","start":1805.15,"end":1805.51},{"text":"unpredictable","start":1805.63,"end":1806.59},{"text":"autonomous","start":1806.59,"end":1807.07},{"text":"weapons.","start":1807.07,"end":1807.51}]},{"text":"So those that either by design or in the circumstances of use, the operators cannot adequately predict, anticipate the effects of the use of force.","start":1807.51,"end":1819.63,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."},{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1807.51,"end":1807.95},{"text":"those","start":1807.95,"end":1808.11},{"text":"that","start":1808.11,"end":1808.71},{"text":"either","start":1808.71,"end":1808.91},{"text":"by","start":1808.91,"end":1809.07},{"text":"design","start":1809.07,"end":1810.03},{"text":"or","start":1810.03,"end":1810.43},{"text":"in","start":1810.43,"end":1810.59},{"text":"the","start":1810.59,"end":1810.75},{"text":"circumstances","start":1810.75,"end":1811.43},{"text":"of","start":1811.43,"end":1811.55},{"text":"use,","start":1811.55,"end":1811.99},{"text":"the","start":1812.67,"end":1812.91},{"text":"operators","start":1812.91,"end":1813.63},{"text":"cannot","start":1813.63,"end":1814.19},{"text":"adequately","start":1814.27,"end":1815.15},{"text":"predict,","start":1815.15,"end":1815.79},{"text":"anticipate","start":1815.87,"end":1816.83},{"text":"the","start":1816.91,"end":1817.23},{"text":"effects","start":1817.23,"end":1817.79},{"text":"of","start":1817.95,"end":1818.35},{"text":"the","start":1818.51,"end":1818.67},{"text":"use","start":1818.67,"end":1819.03},{"text":"of","start":1819.03,"end":1819.11},{"text":"force.","start":1819.11,"end":1819.63}]},{"text":"And that's actually a requirement from existing international humanitarian law currently because it's compulsory to limit the effect of the use of force in accordance with international humanitarian law.","start":1820.27,"end":1832.95,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1820.27,"end":1820.87},{"text":"that's","start":1820.87,"end":1821.31},{"text":"actually","start":1821.39,"end":1821.95},{"text":"a","start":1821.95,"end":1821.99},{"text":"requirement","start":1821.99,"end":1822.83},{"text":"from","start":1822.83,"end":1823.31},{"text":"existing","start":1823.31,"end":1824.03},{"text":"international","start":1824.03,"end":1824.51},{"text":"humanitarian","start":1824.51,"end":1825.03},{"text":"law","start":1825.03,"end":1825.19},{"text":"currently","start":1825.19,"end":1825.71},{"text":"because","start":1825.71,"end":1826.27},{"text":"it's","start":1826.27,"end":1826.83},{"text":"compulsory","start":1827.07,"end":1827.87},{"text":"to","start":1828.27,"end":1828.59},{"text":"limit","start":1828.83,"end":1829.39},{"text":"the","start":1829.39,"end":1829.55},{"text":"effect","start":1829.55,"end":1830.11},{"text":"of","start":1830.11,"end":1830.27},{"text":"the","start":1830.27,"end":1830.43},{"text":"use","start":1830.43,"end":1830.63},{"text":"of","start":1830.63,"end":1830.71},{"text":"force","start":1830.71,"end":1830.99},{"text":"in","start":1830.99,"end":1831.23},{"text":"accordance","start":1831.23,"end":1831.71},{"text":"with","start":1831.71,"end":1831.87},{"text":"international","start":1831.87,"end":1832.35},{"text":"humanitarian","start":1832.35,"end":1832.87},{"text":"law.","start":1832.87,"end":1832.95}]},{"text":"So if it's not possible to predict it, then how is it possible to limit it?","start":1832.95,"end":1836.91,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1832.95,"end":1833.03},{"text":"if","start":1833.03,"end":1833.11},{"text":"it's","start":1833.11,"end":1833.35},{"text":"not","start":1833.35,"end":1833.47},{"text":"possible","start":1833.47,"end":1833.87},{"text":"to","start":1833.87,"end":1834.03},{"text":"predict","start":1834.03,"end":1834.43},{"text":"it,","start":1834.43,"end":1834.67},{"text":"then","start":1835.07,"end":1835.39},{"text":"how","start":1835.39,"end":1835.55},{"text":"is","start":1835.55,"end":1835.63},{"text":"it","start":1835.63,"end":1835.75},{"text":"possible","start":1835.75,"end":1836.19},{"text":"to","start":1836.19,"end":1836.27},{"text":"limit","start":1836.27,"end":1836.59},{"text":"it?","start":1836.59,"end":1836.91}]},{"text":"Now we believe that it's important that a new instrument actually gets into more specifics in that regard and recall that because precisely autonomous weapon system makes it far more difficult inherently because they are autonomous weapon system to actually predict the effects of the use of force.","start":1837.15,"end":1855.19,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."},{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":1837.15,"end":1837.31},{"text":"we","start":1837.31,"end":1837.47},{"text":"believe","start":1837.47,"end":1837.83},{"text":"that","start":1837.83,"end":1838.03},{"text":"it's","start":1838.03,"end":1838.27},{"text":"important","start":1838.27,"end":1838.91},{"text":"that","start":1838.91,"end":1839.31},{"text":"a","start":1839.39,"end":1839.47},{"text":"new","start":1839.47,"end":1839.67},{"text":"instrument","start":1839.67,"end":1840.19},{"text":"actually","start":1840.19,"end":1840.83},{"text":"gets","start":1840.91,"end":1841.23},{"text":"into","start":1841.23,"end":1841.51},{"text":"more","start":1841.55,"end":1841.75},{"text":"specifics","start":1841.75,"end":1842.43},{"text":"in","start":1842.43,"end":1842.75},{"text":"that","start":1842.75,"end":1842.99},{"text":"regard","start":1842.99,"end":1843.47},{"text":"and","start":1843.47,"end":1843.95},{"text":"recall","start":1844.51,"end":1845.15},{"text":"that","start":1845.15,"end":1845.39},{"text":"because","start":1845.39,"end":1845.79},{"text":"precisely","start":1845.79,"end":1846.43},{"text":"autonomous","start":1846.43,"end":1846.83},{"text":"weapon","start":1846.83,"end":1847.23},{"text":"system","start":1847.23,"end":1847.67},{"text":"makes","start":1847.67,"end":1847.87},{"text":"it","start":1847.87,"end":1848.11},{"text":"far","start":1848.11,"end":1848.35},{"text":"more","start":1848.35,"end":1848.59},{"text":"difficult","start":1848.59,"end":1849.31},{"text":"inherently","start":1849.55,"end":1849.99},{"text":"because","start":1850.11,"end":1850.59},{"text":"they","start":1850.59,"end":1850.83},{"text":"are","start":1850.83,"end":1850.99},{"text":"autonomous","start":1850.99,"end":1851.43},{"text":"weapon","start":1851.43,"end":1851.71},{"text":"system","start":1851.71,"end":1852.19},{"text":"to","start":1852.51,"end":1852.75},{"text":"actually","start":1852.75,"end":1853.15},{"text":"predict","start":1853.15,"end":1853.71},{"text":"the","start":1853.71,"end":1853.83},{"text":"effects","start":1853.83,"end":1854.27},{"text":"of","start":1854.27,"end":1854.39},{"text":"the","start":1854.39,"end":1854.47},{"text":"use","start":1854.47,"end":1854.71},{"text":"of","start":1854.71,"end":1854.79},{"text":"force.","start":1854.79,"end":1855.19}]},{"text":"So that concern is increasing with that type of weapons compared to others.","start":1855.19,"end":1859.63,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1855.19,"end":1855.39},{"text":"that","start":1855.39,"end":1855.87},{"text":"concern","start":1855.87,"end":1856.35},{"text":"is","start":1856.35,"end":1856.83},{"text":"increasing","start":1857.15,"end":1857.67},{"text":"with","start":1857.67,"end":1857.91},{"text":"that","start":1857.91,"end":1858.11},{"text":"type","start":1858.11,"end":1858.27},{"text":"of","start":1858.27,"end":1858.35},{"text":"weapons","start":1858.35,"end":1858.75},{"text":"compared","start":1858.75,"end":1859.11},{"text":"to","start":1859.11,"end":1859.31},{"text":"others.","start":1859.31,"end":1859.63}]},{"text":"And that's why we believe it's critical that this is recalled in, that this is established and clarified in a new legally binding instrument.","start":1859.63,"end":1869.79,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1859.63,"end":1859.75},{"text":"that's","start":1859.75,"end":1860.03},{"text":"why","start":1860.03,"end":1860.27},{"text":"we","start":1860.27,"end":1860.59},{"text":"believe","start":1860.91,"end":1861.31},{"text":"it's","start":1861.31,"end":1861.63},{"text":"critical","start":1861.63,"end":1862.19},{"text":"that","start":1862.19,"end":1862.35},{"text":"this","start":1862.35,"end":1862.67},{"text":"is","start":1862.67,"end":1862.83},{"text":"recalled","start":1862.83,"end":1863.27},{"text":"in,","start":1863.27,"end":1863.75},{"text":"that","start":1863.75,"end":1863.95},{"text":"this","start":1865.23,"end":1865.51},{"text":"is","start":1865.55,"end":1865.67},{"text":"established","start":1865.67,"end":1866.43},{"text":"and","start":1866.83,"end":1867.03},{"text":"clarified","start":1867.03,"end":1867.71},{"text":"in","start":1867.71,"end":1868.11},{"text":"a","start":1868.11,"end":1868.35},{"text":"new","start":1868.35,"end":1868.59},{"text":"legally","start":1868.59,"end":1868.83},{"text":"binding","start":1868.83,"end":1869.19},{"text":"instrument.","start":1869.19,"end":1869.79}]},{"text":"The other aspect is anti-personnel autonomous weapon system.","start":1870.19,"end":1874.35,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1870.19,"end":1870.55},{"text":"other","start":1870.55,"end":1870.83},{"text":"aspect","start":1870.83,"end":1871.39},{"text":"is","start":1871.39,"end":1872.03},{"text":"anti-personnel","start":1872.03,"end":1873.07},{"text":"autonomous","start":1873.07,"end":1873.55},{"text":"weapon","start":1873.55,"end":1873.87},{"text":"system.","start":1873.87,"end":1874.35}]},{"text":"And by that, we mean those that directly target human beings.","start":1874.35,"end":1878.51,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1874.35,"end":1874.51},{"text":"by","start":1874.51,"end":1874.67},{"text":"that,","start":1874.67,"end":1875.23},{"text":"we","start":1875.23,"end":1875.39},{"text":"mean","start":1875.39,"end":1875.67},{"text":"those","start":1875.67,"end":1875.95},{"text":"that","start":1875.95,"end":1876.15},{"text":"directly","start":1876.15,"end":1876.91},{"text":"target","start":1876.91,"end":1877.55},{"text":"human","start":1877.55,"end":1878.03},{"text":"beings.","start":1878.03,"end":1878.51}]},{"text":"as opposed to those that target objects.","start":1879.03,"end":1881.19,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."}],"words":[{"text":"as","start":1879.03,"end":1879.19},{"text":"opposed","start":1879.19,"end":1879.63},{"text":"to","start":1879.63,"end":1879.75},{"text":"those","start":1879.75,"end":1879.99},{"text":"that","start":1879.99,"end":1880.19},{"text":"target","start":1880.19,"end":1880.55},{"text":"objects.","start":1880.55,"end":1881.19}]},{"text":"Of course, a weapon that targets an object can kill people.","start":1881.51,"end":1884.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Of","start":1881.51,"end":1881.67},{"text":"course,","start":1881.67,"end":1881.99},{"text":"a","start":1882.23,"end":1882.27},{"text":"weapon","start":1882.27,"end":1882.59},{"text":"that","start":1882.59,"end":1882.75},{"text":"targets","start":1882.75,"end":1883.15},{"text":"an","start":1883.15,"end":1883.27},{"text":"object","start":1883.27,"end":1883.67},{"text":"can","start":1883.67,"end":1883.91},{"text":"kill","start":1883.91,"end":1884.07},{"text":"people.","start":1884.07,"end":1884.55}]},{"text":"It can kill, if you target a tank, you can kill the crew in the tank, or you can kill civilians who are around the tanks.","start":1884.55,"end":1892.23,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."},{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1884.55,"end":1884.75},{"text":"can","start":1884.75,"end":1884.91},{"text":"kill,","start":1884.91,"end":1885.43},{"text":"if","start":1885.67,"end":1885.91},{"text":"you","start":1885.91,"end":1886.03},{"text":"target","start":1886.03,"end":1886.63},{"text":"a","start":1886.63,"end":1886.67},{"text":"tank,","start":1886.67,"end":1887.03},{"text":"you","start":1887.19,"end":1887.31},{"text":"can","start":1887.31,"end":1887.51},{"text":"kill","start":1887.51,"end":1887.99},{"text":"the","start":1887.99,"end":1888.15},{"text":"crew","start":1888.15,"end":1888.39},{"text":"in","start":1888.39,"end":1888.47},{"text":"the","start":1888.47,"end":1888.59},{"text":"tank,","start":1888.59,"end":1888.95},{"text":"or","start":1888.95,"end":1889.19},{"text":"you","start":1889.19,"end":1889.35},{"text":"can","start":1889.35,"end":1889.67},{"text":"kill","start":1889.91,"end":1890.47},{"text":"civilians","start":1890.63,"end":1891.11},{"text":"who","start":1891.11,"end":1891.23},{"text":"are","start":1891.23,"end":1891.35},{"text":"around","start":1891.35,"end":1891.71},{"text":"the","start":1891.71,"end":1891.79},{"text":"tanks.","start":1891.79,"end":1892.23}]},{"text":"But there is a difference with targeting human beings.","start":1892.55,"end":1895.99,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."},{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1892.55,"end":1892.95},{"text":"there","start":1893.19,"end":1893.35},{"text":"is","start":1893.35,"end":1893.47},{"text":"a","start":1893.47,"end":1893.51},{"text":"difference","start":1893.51,"end":1893.91},{"text":"with","start":1893.91,"end":1894.11},{"text":"targeting","start":1894.11,"end":1895.03},{"text":"human","start":1895.07,"end":1895.59},{"text":"beings.","start":1895.59,"end":1895.99}]},{"text":"And we call for that prohibitions on several grounds, but let me flag two.","start":1896.39,"end":1902.07,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1896.39,"end":1896.75},{"text":"we","start":1896.95,"end":1897.19},{"text":"call","start":1897.19,"end":1897.59},{"text":"for","start":1897.59,"end":1897.87},{"text":"that","start":1897.87,"end":1898.07},{"text":"prohibitions","start":1898.07,"end":1898.87},{"text":"on","start":1898.87,"end":1899.27},{"text":"several","start":1899.35,"end":1899.71},{"text":"grounds,","start":1899.71,"end":1900.15},{"text":"but","start":1900.15,"end":1900.63},{"text":"let","start":1900.63,"end":1900.87},{"text":"me","start":1900.87,"end":1901.03},{"text":"flag","start":1901.03,"end":1901.43},{"text":"two.","start":1901.67,"end":1902.07}]},{"text":"One is the legal aspect.","start":1902.39,"end":1904.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"One","start":1902.39,"end":1902.79},{"text":"is","start":1902.79,"end":1903.11},{"text":"the","start":1903.11,"end":1903.27},{"text":"legal","start":1903.31,"end":1903.59},{"text":"aspect.","start":1903.59,"end":1904.07}]},{"text":"As I mentioned, human beings can very quickly their character of being a lawful target or being protected, and that's also the case for combatants, combatants who are out of combat because they surrender or because they are wounded, they become protected.","start":1904.23,"end":1921.03,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":1904.23,"end":1904.63},{"text":"I","start":1905.51,"end":1905.75},{"text":"mentioned,","start":1905.75,"end":1906.31},{"text":"human","start":1906.91,"end":1907.31},{"text":"beings","start":1907.31,"end":1907.67},{"text":"can","start":1907.67,"end":1907.91},{"text":"very","start":1907.91,"end":1908.23},{"text":"quickly","start":1908.23,"end":1908.63},{"text":"their","start":1909.19,"end":1909.51},{"text":"character","start":1909.51,"end":1910.15},{"text":"of","start":1910.15,"end":1910.47},{"text":"being","start":1910.47,"end":1910.79},{"text":"a","start":1910.79,"end":1910.87},{"text":"lawful","start":1910.87,"end":1911.35},{"text":"target","start":1911.35,"end":1911.91},{"text":"or","start":1911.91,"end":1912.15},{"text":"being","start":1912.15,"end":1912.47},{"text":"protected,","start":1912.47,"end":1913.11},{"text":"and","start":1913.11,"end":1913.31},{"text":"that's","start":1913.31,"end":1913.67},{"text":"also","start":1913.67,"end":1914.07},{"text":"the","start":1914.07,"end":1914.23},{"text":"case","start":1914.23,"end":1914.55},{"text":"for","start":1914.55,"end":1914.71},{"text":"combatants,","start":1914.71,"end":1915.35},{"text":"combatants","start":1915.75,"end":1916.31},{"text":"who","start":1916.31,"end":1916.47},{"text":"are","start":1916.47,"end":1916.75},{"text":"out","start":1916.75,"end":1916.83},{"text":"of","start":1916.83,"end":1916.91},{"text":"combat","start":1916.91,"end":1917.27},{"text":"because","start":1917.27,"end":1917.67},{"text":"they","start":1917.67,"end":1917.79},{"text":"surrender","start":1917.79,"end":1918.39},{"text":"or","start":1918.39,"end":1918.47},{"text":"because","start":1918.47,"end":1918.95},{"text":"they","start":1918.95,"end":1919.07},{"text":"are","start":1919.07,"end":1919.15},{"text":"wounded,","start":1919.15,"end":1919.75},{"text":"they","start":1919.99,"end":1920.15},{"text":"become","start":1920.15,"end":1920.47},{"text":"protected.","start":1920.47,"end":1921.03}]},{"text":"So it's extremely challenging for the operators to actually be sufficiently convinced and have sufficient knowledge that whenever the weapon strikes, actually the person would be a lawful target.","start":1921.91,"end":1936.87,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1921.91,"end":1922.15},{"text":"it's","start":1922.15,"end":1922.39},{"text":"extremely","start":1922.39,"end":1922.87},{"text":"challenging","start":1922.87,"end":1923.51},{"text":"for","start":1923.51,"end":1923.71},{"text":"the","start":1923.71,"end":1923.83},{"text":"operators","start":1923.83,"end":1924.47},{"text":"to","start":1924.47,"end":1924.71},{"text":"actually","start":1925.11,"end":1925.67},{"text":"be","start":1925.91,"end":1926.39},{"text":"sufficiently","start":1927.27,"end":1928.07},{"text":"convinced","start":1928.95,"end":1929.83},{"text":"and","start":1929.91,"end":1930.23},{"text":"have","start":1930.23,"end":1930.39},{"text":"sufficient","start":1930.39,"end":1930.83},{"text":"knowledge","start":1930.83,"end":1931.19},{"text":"that","start":1931.19,"end":1931.59},{"text":"whenever","start":1931.95,"end":1932.55},{"text":"the","start":1932.55,"end":1932.95},{"text":"weapon","start":1932.95,"end":1933.35},{"text":"strikes,","start":1933.35,"end":1933.87},{"text":"actually","start":1934.07,"end":1934.47},{"text":"the","start":1934.47,"end":1934.63},{"text":"person","start":1934.63,"end":1935.19},{"text":"would","start":1935.19,"end":1935.59},{"text":"be","start":1935.59,"end":1935.91},{"text":"a","start":1935.99,"end":1936.07},{"text":"lawful","start":1936.07,"end":1936.47},{"text":"target.","start":1936.47,"end":1936.87}]},{"text":"And that's of course even more so the case with civilians who directly participate in hostilities and as soon as they stop, they remain protected.","start":1936.87,"end":1943.91,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1936.87,"end":1937.03},{"text":"that's","start":1937.03,"end":1937.31},{"text":"of","start":1937.31,"end":1937.39},{"text":"course","start":1937.39,"end":1937.59},{"text":"even","start":1937.59,"end":1937.79},{"text":"more","start":1937.79,"end":1937.95},{"text":"so","start":1937.95,"end":1938.15},{"text":"the","start":1938.15,"end":1938.23},{"text":"case","start":1938.23,"end":1938.63},{"text":"with","start":1938.63,"end":1938.87},{"text":"civilians","start":1938.87,"end":1939.51},{"text":"who","start":1939.91,"end":1940.15},{"text":"directly","start":1940.15,"end":1940.51},{"text":"participate","start":1940.51,"end":1940.91},{"text":"in","start":1940.91,"end":1940.99},{"text":"hostilities","start":1940.99,"end":1941.47},{"text":"and","start":1941.47,"end":1941.59},{"text":"as","start":1941.59,"end":1941.67},{"text":"soon","start":1941.67,"end":1941.83},{"text":"as","start":1941.83,"end":1941.99},{"text":"they","start":1941.99,"end":1942.07},{"text":"stop,","start":1942.07,"end":1942.31},{"text":"they","start":1942.31,"end":1942.63},{"text":"remain","start":1942.71,"end":1943.27},{"text":"protected.","start":1943.27,"end":1943.91}]},{"text":"The other aspect is of course the ethical dimension.","start":1944.59,"end":1947.35,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1944.59,"end":1944.91},{"text":"other","start":1944.91,"end":1945.11},{"text":"aspect","start":1945.11,"end":1945.67},{"text":"is","start":1945.67,"end":1945.83},{"text":"of","start":1945.83,"end":1945.99},{"text":"course","start":1945.99,"end":1946.15},{"text":"the","start":1946.15,"end":1946.31},{"text":"ethical","start":1946.31,"end":1946.71},{"text":"dimension.","start":1946.71,"end":1947.35}]},{"text":"Because all states have acknowledged that autonomous weapons in general raise ethical questions because there is less control on the use of force.","start":1949.19,"end":1958.87,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"Because","start":1949.19,"end":1949.75},{"text":"all","start":1949.75,"end":1949.99},{"text":"states","start":1949.99,"end":1950.43},{"text":"have","start":1950.43,"end":1950.87},{"text":"acknowledged","start":1950.95,"end":1951.87},{"text":"that","start":1951.87,"end":1952.31},{"text":"autonomous","start":1952.35,"end":1952.95},{"text":"weapons","start":1952.95,"end":1953.35},{"text":"in","start":1953.35,"end":1953.67},{"text":"general","start":1953.67,"end":1954.15},{"text":"raise","start":1954.39,"end":1954.79},{"text":"ethical","start":1954.79,"end":1955.19},{"text":"questions","start":1955.19,"end":1955.67},{"text":"because","start":1955.67,"end":1956.31},{"text":"there","start":1956.55,"end":1956.79},{"text":"is","start":1956.79,"end":1956.87},{"text":"less","start":1956.87,"end":1957.11},{"text":"control","start":1957.11,"end":1957.59},{"text":"on","start":1957.59,"end":1957.91},{"text":"the","start":1957.91,"end":1958.03},{"text":"use","start":1958.03,"end":1958.27},{"text":"of","start":1958.27,"end":1958.39},{"text":"force.","start":1958.39,"end":1958.87}]},{"text":"But it's obvious that it's for those that target directly human being that those ethical concern are at the highest because that reduce human life to data, algorithm, sensor, and machine operations.","start":1959.19,"end":1974.31,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."},{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1959.19,"end":1959.59},{"text":"it's","start":1959.59,"end":1960.07},{"text":"obvious","start":1960.07,"end":1960.55},{"text":"that","start":1960.55,"end":1960.95},{"text":"it's","start":1960.95,"end":1961.27},{"text":"for","start":1961.27,"end":1961.43},{"text":"those","start":1961.43,"end":1961.75},{"text":"that","start":1961.75,"end":1962.03},{"text":"target","start":1962.03,"end":1963.19},{"text":"directly","start":1963.19,"end":1963.87},{"text":"human","start":1963.87,"end":1964.23},{"text":"being","start":1964.23,"end":1964.55},{"text":"that","start":1964.55,"end":1964.75},{"text":"those","start":1964.75,"end":1965.11},{"text":"ethical","start":1965.11,"end":1965.43},{"text":"concern","start":1965.43,"end":1965.99},{"text":"are","start":1966.07,"end":1966.27},{"text":"at","start":1966.31,"end":1966.47},{"text":"the","start":1966.47,"end":1966.59},{"text":"highest","start":1966.59,"end":1967.11},{"text":"because","start":1967.11,"end":1967.51},{"text":"that","start":1967.51,"end":1967.75},{"text":"reduce","start":1967.75,"end":1968.31},{"text":"human","start":1969.23,"end":1969.59},{"text":"life","start":1969.59,"end":1970.15},{"text":"to","start":1970.23,"end":1970.55},{"text":"data,","start":1970.63,"end":1971.15},{"text":"algorithm,","start":1971.15,"end":1971.79},{"text":"sensor,","start":1971.79,"end":1972.47},{"text":"and","start":1972.47,"end":1972.71},{"text":"machine","start":1972.71,"end":1973.51},{"text":"operations.","start":1973.51,"end":1974.31}]},{"text":"Uh, uh, in effect delegating the decision of who is killed to the machine, even now actually the law requires that it's human doing that, but from an ethical perspective, that's also where you have the highest concerns.","start":1974.87,"end":1986.15,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"Uh,","start":1974.87,"end":1974.91},{"text":"uh,","start":1974.91,"end":1974.95},{"text":"in","start":1975.11,"end":1975.43},{"text":"effect","start":1975.43,"end":1975.99},{"text":"delegating","start":1976.07,"end":1976.79},{"text":"the","start":1976.79,"end":1976.87},{"text":"decision","start":1976.87,"end":1977.31},{"text":"of","start":1977.31,"end":1977.51},{"text":"who","start":1977.51,"end":1977.91},{"text":"is","start":1977.91,"end":1978.07},{"text":"killed","start":1978.07,"end":1978.47},{"text":"to","start":1978.47,"end":1978.71},{"text":"the","start":1978.71,"end":1978.79},{"text":"machine,","start":1978.79,"end":1979.27},{"text":"even","start":1979.27,"end":1979.71},{"text":"now","start":1979.71,"end":1979.83},{"text":"actually","start":1979.83,"end":1980.23},{"text":"the","start":1980.23,"end":1980.31},{"text":"law","start":1980.31,"end":1980.55},{"text":"requires","start":1980.55,"end":1981.11},{"text":"that","start":1981.11,"end":1981.43},{"text":"it's","start":1981.43,"end":1981.67},{"text":"human","start":1981.67,"end":1982.07},{"text":"doing","start":1982.07,"end":1982.39},{"text":"that,","start":1982.39,"end":1982.63},{"text":"but","start":1982.63,"end":1982.95},{"text":"from","start":1982.95,"end":1983.15},{"text":"an","start":1983.15,"end":1983.27},{"text":"ethical","start":1983.27,"end":1983.59},{"text":"perspective,","start":1983.59,"end":1984.07},{"text":"that's","start":1984.07,"end":1984.35},{"text":"also","start":1984.35,"end":1984.59},{"text":"where","start":1984.59,"end":1984.79},{"text":"you","start":1984.79,"end":1984.95},{"text":"have","start":1984.95,"end":1985.19},{"text":"the","start":1985.19,"end":1985.31},{"text":"highest","start":1985.31,"end":1985.67},{"text":"concerns.","start":1985.67,"end":1986.15}]},{"text":"So that's those two prohibitions that we call, uh, for states to agree on and the rest to have limits.","start":1986.47,"end":1992.63,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1986.47,"end":1986.71},{"text":"that's","start":1986.71,"end":1986.99},{"text":"those","start":1986.99,"end":1987.35},{"text":"two","start":1987.35,"end":1987.67},{"text":"prohibitions","start":1987.67,"end":1988.27},{"text":"that","start":1988.27,"end":1988.47},{"text":"we","start":1988.47,"end":1988.71},{"text":"call,","start":1988.71,"end":1989.19},{"text":"uh,","start":1989.19,"end":1989.43},{"text":"for","start":1989.43,"end":1989.67},{"text":"states","start":1989.67,"end":1990.07},{"text":"to","start":1990.07,"end":1990.19},{"text":"agree","start":1990.19,"end":1990.47},{"text":"on","start":1990.47,"end":1990.71},{"text":"and","start":1990.71,"end":1991.15},{"text":"the","start":1991.15,"end":1991.23},{"text":"rest","start":1991.23,"end":1991.71},{"text":"to","start":1991.71,"end":1991.83},{"text":"have","start":1991.83,"end":1992.15},{"text":"limits.","start":1992.15,"end":1992.63}]},{"text":"On whether they are used, we don't have the figures that you are looking for, but I just want to flag that sometimes it's also very difficult to know where they are used because states are not very transparent in that regard, but also because there are a number of those weapon systems that can be used in a remote control manner or can be used in an autonomous weapon, in autonomous manner.","start":1993.59,"end":2016.79,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":1993.59,"end":1993.71},{"text":"whether","start":1993.71,"end":1994.15},{"text":"they","start":1994.15,"end":1994.31},{"text":"are","start":1994.31,"end":1994.63},{"text":"used,","start":1995.03,"end":1995.83},{"text":"we","start":1995.99,"end":1996.23},{"text":"don't","start":1996.23,"end":1996.59},{"text":"have","start":1996.59,"end":1996.95},{"text":"the","start":1997.99,"end":1998.15},{"text":"figures","start":1998.15,"end":1998.55},{"text":"that","start":1998.55,"end":1998.87},{"text":"you","start":1998.87,"end":1998.95},{"text":"are","start":1998.95,"end":1999.03},{"text":"looking","start":1999.03,"end":1999.35},{"text":"for,","start":1999.35,"end":1999.67},{"text":"but","start":1999.67,"end":1999.91},{"text":"I","start":1999.91,"end":1999.99},{"text":"just","start":1999.99,"end":2000.19},{"text":"want","start":2000.19,"end":2000.35},{"text":"to","start":2000.35,"end":2000.43},{"text":"flag","start":2000.47,"end":2000.63},{"text":"that","start":2000.63,"end":2000.83},{"text":"sometimes","start":2000.83,"end":2001.27},{"text":"it's","start":2001.27,"end":2001.59},{"text":"also","start":2001.59,"end":2001.75},{"text":"very","start":2001.75,"end":2002.07},{"text":"difficult","start":2002.07,"end":2002.67},{"text":"to","start":2002.67,"end":2002.79},{"text":"know","start":2002.79,"end":2003.19},{"text":"where","start":2003.43,"end":2003.75},{"text":"they","start":2003.75,"end":2003.83},{"text":"are","start":2003.83,"end":2003.91},{"text":"used","start":2003.91,"end":2004.23},{"text":"because","start":2004.23,"end":2004.47},{"text":"states","start":2004.47,"end":2004.79},{"text":"are","start":2004.79,"end":2004.87},{"text":"not","start":2004.87,"end":2005.11},{"text":"very","start":2005.11,"end":2005.43},{"text":"transparent","start":2005.43,"end":2006.07},{"text":"in","start":2006.07,"end":2006.23},{"text":"that","start":2006.23,"end":2006.51},{"text":"regard,","start":2006.51,"end":2007.03},{"text":"but","start":2007.35,"end":2007.59},{"text":"also","start":2007.59,"end":2007.91},{"text":"because","start":2007.91,"end":2008.15},{"text":"there","start":2008.15,"end":2008.31},{"text":"are","start":2008.31,"end":2008.43},{"text":"a","start":2008.43,"end":2008.55},{"text":"number","start":2008.55,"end":2009.11},{"text":"of","start":2009.19,"end":2009.35},{"text":"those","start":2009.35,"end":2009.91},{"text":"weapon","start":2010.31,"end":2010.71},{"text":"systems","start":2010.71,"end":2011.15},{"text":"that","start":2011.15,"end":2011.35},{"text":"can","start":2011.35,"end":2011.67},{"text":"be","start":2011.67,"end":2011.79},{"text":"used","start":2011.79,"end":2012.07},{"text":"in","start":2012.07,"end":2012.19},{"text":"a","start":2012.19,"end":2012.23},{"text":"remote","start":2012.23,"end":2012.63},{"text":"control","start":2012.63,"end":2013.03},{"text":"manner","start":2013.03,"end":2013.51},{"text":"or","start":2013.51,"end":2013.67},{"text":"can","start":2013.67,"end":2013.91},{"text":"be","start":2013.91,"end":2013.99},{"text":"used","start":2013.99,"end":2014.23},{"text":"in","start":2014.23,"end":2014.35},{"text":"an","start":2014.35,"end":2014.43},{"text":"autonomous","start":2014.43,"end":2014.87},{"text":"weapon,","start":2014.87,"end":2015.43},{"text":"in","start":2015.83,"end":2016.03},{"text":"autonomous","start":2016.03,"end":2016.47},{"text":"manner.","start":2016.47,"end":2016.79}]},{"text":"And, um, therefore it makes it even more difficult to know if in this particular instance or circumstance it has been used in remote control or in autonomous manner.","start":2017.27,"end":2026.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And,","start":2017.27,"end":2017.55},{"text":"um,","start":2017.55,"end":2018.15},{"text":"therefore","start":2018.47,"end":2018.95},{"text":"it","start":2018.95,"end":2019.27},{"text":"makes","start":2019.27,"end":2019.55},{"text":"it","start":2019.55,"end":2019.67},{"text":"even","start":2019.67,"end":2020.15},{"text":"more","start":2020.15,"end":2020.35},{"text":"difficult","start":2020.35,"end":2020.83},{"text":"to","start":2020.83,"end":2020.95},{"text":"know","start":2020.95,"end":2021.19},{"text":"if","start":2021.19,"end":2021.43},{"text":"in","start":2021.43,"end":2021.67},{"text":"this","start":2021.67,"end":2021.99},{"text":"particular","start":2021.99,"end":2022.71},{"text":"instance","start":2022.71,"end":2023.27},{"text":"or","start":2023.27,"end":2023.39},{"text":"circumstance","start":2023.39,"end":2023.95},{"text":"it","start":2023.95,"end":2024.07},{"text":"has","start":2024.07,"end":2024.23},{"text":"been","start":2024.23,"end":2024.39},{"text":"used","start":2024.39,"end":2024.79},{"text":"in","start":2024.79,"end":2024.95},{"text":"remote","start":2024.95,"end":2025.27},{"text":"control","start":2025.27,"end":2025.75},{"text":"or","start":2025.75,"end":2025.91},{"text":"in","start":2025.91,"end":2026.03},{"text":"autonomous","start":2026.03,"end":2026.47},{"text":"manner.","start":2026.47,"end":2026.79}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Laurent Gisel","affiliation":"ICRC","affiliation_full":"ICRC","group":null,"function":"Head, Arms and Conduct of Hostilities Unit"}},{"statement_number":24,"start":2029.15,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=2030","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":2029.15,"end":2029.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2029.15,"end":2029.31},{"text":"you.","start":2029.31,"end":2029.47}]},{"text":"Well, I think our colleagues from the ICRC, Laurent, has given you a very comprehensive answer to your question.","start":2029.47,"end":2036.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Well,","start":2029.47,"end":2029.63},{"text":"I","start":2029.63,"end":2029.71},{"text":"think","start":2029.71,"end":2030.11},{"text":"our","start":2030.35,"end":2030.51},{"text":"colleagues","start":2030.51,"end":2030.91},{"text":"from","start":2030.91,"end":2031.07},{"text":"the","start":2031.07,"end":2031.15},{"text":"ICRC,","start":2031.15,"end":2032.11},{"text":"Laurent,","start":2032.35,"end":2032.59},{"text":"has","start":2032.59,"end":2032.83},{"text":"given","start":2032.83,"end":2033.11},{"text":"you","start":2033.11,"end":2033.23},{"text":"a","start":2033.23,"end":2033.27},{"text":"very","start":2033.27,"end":2033.55},{"text":"comprehensive","start":2033.55,"end":2034.27},{"text":"answer","start":2034.27,"end":2034.91},{"text":"to","start":2034.91,"end":2035.43},{"text":"your","start":2035.43,"end":2035.63},{"text":"question.","start":2035.63,"end":2036.19}]},{"text":"I would only add that the answer to your question will only be true after we have the outcomes of the group of governmental experts, because that is exactly what they are looking at.","start":2036.51,"end":2047.87,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2036.51,"end":2036.67},{"text":"would","start":2036.67,"end":2036.83},{"text":"only","start":2036.83,"end":2037.15},{"text":"add","start":2037.15,"end":2037.55},{"text":"that","start":2037.55,"end":2037.95},{"text":"the","start":2038.27,"end":2038.47},{"text":"answer","start":2038.51,"end":2038.83},{"text":"to","start":2038.83,"end":2038.95},{"text":"your","start":2038.95,"end":2039.15},{"text":"question","start":2039.15,"end":2039.67},{"text":"will","start":2039.67,"end":2039.87},{"text":"only","start":2039.87,"end":2040.19},{"text":"be","start":2040.19,"end":2040.83},{"text":"true","start":2040.83,"end":2041.47},{"text":"after","start":2041.95,"end":2042.75},{"text":"we","start":2042.75,"end":2042.91},{"text":"have","start":2042.91,"end":2043.15},{"text":"the","start":2043.15,"end":2043.27},{"text":"outcomes","start":2043.27,"end":2043.79},{"text":"of","start":2043.91,"end":2044.03},{"text":"the","start":2044.03,"end":2044.11},{"text":"group","start":2044.11,"end":2044.35},{"text":"of","start":2044.35,"end":2044.43},{"text":"governmental","start":2044.43,"end":2044.99},{"text":"experts,","start":2044.99,"end":2045.55},{"text":"because","start":2045.55,"end":2045.87},{"text":"that","start":2046.11,"end":2046.35},{"text":"is","start":2046.35,"end":2046.47},{"text":"exactly","start":2046.47,"end":2046.91},{"text":"what","start":2046.91,"end":2047.11},{"text":"they","start":2047.11,"end":2047.19},{"text":"are","start":2047.19,"end":2047.31},{"text":"looking","start":2047.31,"end":2047.71},{"text":"at.","start":2047.71,"end":2047.87}]},{"text":"They are looking at what are the elements that we want to put in place that could form the basis of a future instrument.","start":2047.87,"end":2054.43,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":2047.87,"end":2047.95},{"text":"are","start":2047.95,"end":2048.11},{"text":"looking","start":2048.11,"end":2048.43},{"text":"at","start":2048.43,"end":2048.55},{"text":"what","start":2048.55,"end":2048.75},{"text":"are","start":2048.75,"end":2048.91},{"text":"the","start":2048.91,"end":2049.03},{"text":"elements","start":2049.07,"end":2049.71},{"text":"that","start":2050.03,"end":2050.19},{"text":"we","start":2050.19,"end":2050.35},{"text":"want","start":2050.35,"end":2050.59},{"text":"to","start":2050.59,"end":2050.67},{"text":"put","start":2050.67,"end":2050.87},{"text":"in","start":2050.87,"end":2050.99},{"text":"place","start":2050.99,"end":2051.55},{"text":"that","start":2051.71,"end":2051.91},{"text":"could","start":2051.91,"end":2052.07},{"text":"form","start":2052.07,"end":2052.35},{"text":"the","start":2052.35,"end":2052.47},{"text":"basis","start":2052.47,"end":2053.07},{"text":"of","start":2053.15,"end":2053.27},{"text":"a","start":2053.27,"end":2053.31},{"text":"future","start":2053.31,"end":2053.79},{"text":"instrument.","start":2053.79,"end":2054.43}]},{"text":"So they're looking at everything from characteristics to how it functions, to what it is, what are the areas that we want to explore from a legal, humanitarian, and as well as technical perspective.","start":2054.43,"end":2067.67,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."},{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2054.43,"end":2054.59},{"text":"they're","start":2054.59,"end":2054.75},{"text":"looking","start":2054.75,"end":2055.07},{"text":"at","start":2055.07,"end":2055.15},{"text":"everything","start":2055.15,"end":2055.55},{"text":"from","start":2055.55,"end":2055.71},{"text":"characteristics","start":2055.71,"end":2056.75},{"text":"to","start":2057.07,"end":2057.23},{"text":"how","start":2057.23,"end":2057.47},{"text":"it","start":2057.47,"end":2057.63},{"text":"functions,","start":2057.63,"end":2058.43},{"text":"to","start":2058.43,"end":2058.67},{"text":"what","start":2059.11,"end":2059.23},{"text":"it","start":2059.23,"end":2059.39},{"text":"is,","start":2059.39,"end":2059.71},{"text":"what","start":2059.71,"end":2059.91},{"text":"are","start":2059.91,"end":2060.03},{"text":"the","start":2060.03,"end":2060.19},{"text":"areas","start":2060.27,"end":2060.83},{"text":"that","start":2060.99,"end":2061.23},{"text":"we","start":2061.23,"end":2061.39},{"text":"want","start":2061.39,"end":2061.67},{"text":"to","start":2061.67,"end":2061.75},{"text":"explore","start":2061.75,"end":2062.51},{"text":"from","start":2062.83,"end":2063.31},{"text":"a","start":2063.71,"end":2063.75},{"text":"legal,","start":2063.75,"end":2064.35},{"text":"humanitarian,","start":2064.35,"end":2065.47},{"text":"and","start":2065.47,"end":2065.87},{"text":"as","start":2065.87,"end":2066.11},{"text":"well","start":2066.11,"end":2066.35},{"text":"as","start":2066.35,"end":2066.59},{"text":"technical","start":2066.59,"end":2067.07},{"text":"perspective.","start":2067.07,"end":2067.67}]},{"text":"So those characterizations and elements are the ones that are being precisely looked at under the Group of Governmental Experts and their mandate.","start":2067.67,"end":2076.43,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2067.67,"end":2067.87},{"text":"those","start":2067.87,"end":2068.11},{"text":"characterizations","start":2068.11,"end":2069.71},{"text":"and","start":2069.71,"end":2069.91},{"text":"elements","start":2069.91,"end":2070.43},{"text":"are","start":2070.67,"end":2070.83},{"text":"the","start":2070.83,"end":2070.95},{"text":"ones","start":2070.95,"end":2071.19},{"text":"that","start":2071.19,"end":2071.31},{"text":"are","start":2071.31,"end":2071.39},{"text":"being","start":2071.39,"end":2071.79},{"text":"precisely","start":2071.79,"end":2072.51},{"text":"looked","start":2072.51,"end":2072.91},{"text":"at","start":2072.91,"end":2073.23},{"text":"under","start":2073.23,"end":2073.79},{"text":"the","start":2073.79,"end":2073.95},{"text":"Group","start":2074.03,"end":2074.31},{"text":"of","start":2074.31,"end":2074.43},{"text":"Governmental","start":2074.43,"end":2074.99},{"text":"Experts","start":2074.99,"end":2075.59},{"text":"and","start":2075.59,"end":2075.75},{"text":"their","start":2075.75,"end":2075.87},{"text":"mandate.","start":2075.87,"end":2076.43}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Caroline Melanie Regimbal","affiliation":"UNODA","affiliation_full":"UNODA","group":null,"function":"Chief of Service"}},{"statement_number":25,"start":2076.99,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=2077","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":2076.99,"end":2077.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2076.99,"end":2077.19},{"text":"you","start":2077.19,"end":2077.27},{"text":"very","start":2077.27,"end":2077.47},{"text":"much.","start":2077.47,"end":2077.71}]},{"text":"I'll take the last two questions online, Jeremy Lange, Radio France Internationale, and.","start":2077.71,"end":2084.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'll","start":2077.71,"end":2077.91},{"text":"take","start":2077.91,"end":2078.11},{"text":"the","start":2078.11,"end":2078.19},{"text":"last","start":2078.19,"end":2078.39},{"text":"two","start":2078.39,"end":2078.55},{"text":"questions","start":2078.55,"end":2079.15},{"text":"online,","start":2079.63,"end":2080.27},{"text":"Jeremy","start":2080.27,"end":2080.67},{"text":"Lange,","start":2080.67,"end":2081.23},{"text":"Radio","start":2081.31,"end":2081.59},{"text":"France","start":2081.59,"end":2081.87},{"text":"Internationale,","start":2081.87,"end":2082.75},{"text":"and.","start":2084.11,"end":2084.51}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Then Casimir.","start":2086.99,"end":2088.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Then","start":2086.99,"end":2087.63},{"text":"Casimir.","start":2087.63,"end":2088.47}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"On t'entends bien, vas-y.","start":2088.75,"end":2090.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"On","start":2088.75,"end":2088.79},{"text":"t'entends","start":2089.03,"end":2089.67},{"text":"bien,","start":2089.71,"end":2089.95},{"text":"vas-y.","start":2089.95,"end":2090.31}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":26,"start":2091.27,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=2092","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Très bien, merci.","start":2091.27,"end":2091.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Très","start":2091.27,"end":2091.43},{"text":"bien,","start":2091.59,"end":2091.75},{"text":"merci.","start":2091.75,"end":2091.99}]},{"text":"Ma question a déjà été posée par mes collègues précédemment sur le fait, voilà, que ça fait maintenant des années qu'on parle de ces armes-là en disant attention, attention, elles arrivent.","start":2093.31,"end":2102.87,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"Ma","start":2093.31,"end":2093.47},{"text":"question","start":2093.47,"end":2093.83},{"text":"a","start":2093.83,"end":2094.07},{"text":"déjà","start":2094.31,"end":2094.59},{"text":"été","start":2094.63,"end":2094.71},{"text":"posée","start":2094.71,"end":2095.11},{"text":"par","start":2095.31,"end":2095.43},{"text":"mes","start":2095.43,"end":2095.59},{"text":"collègues","start":2095.59,"end":2095.95},{"text":"précédemment","start":2095.95,"end":2096.87},{"text":"sur","start":2096.87,"end":2097.11},{"text":"le","start":2097.43,"end":2097.59},{"text":"fait,","start":2097.59,"end":2097.75},{"text":"voilà,","start":2097.75,"end":2097.99},{"text":"que","start":2097.99,"end":2098.39},{"text":"ça","start":2098.39,"end":2098.47},{"text":"fait","start":2098.47,"end":2098.67},{"text":"maintenant","start":2098.67,"end":2099.03},{"text":"des","start":2099.03,"end":2099.11},{"text":"années","start":2099.11,"end":2099.27},{"text":"qu'on","start":2099.27,"end":2099.47},{"text":"parle","start":2099.47,"end":2099.67},{"text":"de","start":2100.07,"end":2100.31},{"text":"ces","start":2100.31,"end":2100.63},{"text":"armes-là","start":2100.63,"end":2101.23},{"text":"en","start":2101.23,"end":2101.31},{"text":"disant","start":2101.31,"end":2101.71},{"text":"attention,","start":2101.71,"end":2102.07},{"text":"attention,","start":2102.07,"end":2102.35},{"text":"elles","start":2102.35,"end":2102.55},{"text":"arrivent.","start":2102.55,"end":2102.87}]},{"text":"On se demande effectivement si elles n'ont pas déjà été utilisées.","start":2102.87,"end":2105.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"On","start":2102.87,"end":2102.95},{"text":"se","start":2102.95,"end":2103.03},{"text":"demande","start":2103.03,"end":2103.27},{"text":"effectivement","start":2103.27,"end":2103.75},{"text":"si","start":2103.75,"end":2103.83},{"text":"elles","start":2103.83,"end":2103.95},{"text":"n'ont","start":2103.95,"end":2104.47},{"text":"pas","start":2104.47,"end":2104.59},{"text":"déjà","start":2104.59,"end":2104.83},{"text":"été","start":2104.83,"end":2105.03},{"text":"utilisées.","start":2105.03,"end":2105.59}]},{"text":"Je vais élargir simplement peut-être le propos.","start":2106.47,"end":2108.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Je","start":2106.47,"end":2106.67},{"text":"vais","start":2106.67,"end":2106.87},{"text":"élargir","start":2106.87,"end":2107.27},{"text":"simplement","start":2107.27,"end":2108.07},{"text":"peut-être","start":2108.07,"end":2108.39},{"text":"le","start":2108.39,"end":2108.47},{"text":"propos.","start":2108.47,"end":2108.95}]},{"text":"Si vous voulez pas vous prononcer sur les cas récents qui ont été rapportés par les médias, est-ce que vous êtes en mesure de nous dire, voilà, en tout cas les... theatre of operations on which we have the most concerns, is it Ukraine, is it Sudan, are there conflicts, conflicts in particular, belligerents in particular, where you say if these weapons can be used, have a risk of being used, that's where there is the most risk today that we see autonomous weapons being deployed.","start":2109.35,"end":2142.35,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"Si","start":2109.35,"end":2109.43},{"text":"vous","start":2110.23,"end":2110.47},{"text":"voulez","start":2110.47,"end":2110.71},{"text":"pas","start":2110.71,"end":2110.83},{"text":"vous","start":2110.83,"end":2111.03},{"text":"prononcer","start":2111.03,"end":2111.51},{"text":"sur","start":2111.51,"end":2111.67},{"text":"les","start":2111.67,"end":2111.91},{"text":"cas","start":2111.91,"end":2112.03},{"text":"récents","start":2112.03,"end":2112.59},{"text":"qui","start":2112.59,"end":2112.67},{"text":"ont","start":2112.67,"end":2112.87},{"text":"été","start":2112.87,"end":2112.95},{"text":"rapportés","start":2112.95,"end":2113.35},{"text":"par","start":2113.35,"end":2113.95},{"text":"les","start":2113.95,"end":2114.07},{"text":"médias,","start":2114.07,"end":2114.47},{"text":"est-ce","start":2115.07,"end":2115.59},{"text":"que","start":2115.59,"end":2115.91},{"text":"vous","start":2115.91,"end":2116.07},{"text":"êtes","start":2116.11,"end":2116.23},{"text":"en","start":2116.23,"end":2116.31},{"text":"mesure","start":2116.31,"end":2116.51},{"text":"de","start":2116.51,"end":2116.59},{"text":"nous","start":2116.59,"end":2116.71},{"text":"dire,","start":2116.71,"end":2116.95},{"text":"voilà,","start":2116.95,"end":2117.15},{"text":"en","start":2117.15,"end":2117.27},{"text":"tout","start":2117.27,"end":2117.43},{"text":"cas","start":2117.43,"end":2117.59},{"text":"les...","start":2117.59,"end":2118.07},{"text":"theatre","start":2118.55,"end":2118.87},{"text":"of","start":2118.87,"end":2118.95},{"text":"operations","start":2118.95,"end":2119.71},{"text":"on","start":2119.79,"end":2120.07},{"text":"which","start":2120.07,"end":2120.23},{"text":"we","start":2120.23,"end":2120.31},{"text":"have","start":2120.31,"end":2120.43},{"text":"the","start":2120.71,"end":2120.79},{"text":"most","start":2120.79,"end":2120.99},{"text":"concerns,","start":2120.99,"end":2121.55},{"text":"is","start":2122.27,"end":2122.51},{"text":"it","start":2122.51,"end":2122.87},{"text":"Ukraine,","start":2122.87,"end":2123.39},{"text":"is","start":2123.39,"end":2123.79},{"text":"it","start":2123.79,"end":2123.95},{"text":"Sudan,","start":2123.95,"end":2124.35},{"text":"are","start":2124.35,"end":2124.51},{"text":"there","start":2124.51,"end":2124.67},{"text":"conflicts,","start":2124.67,"end":2125.31},{"text":"conflicts","start":2125.31,"end":2125.91},{"text":"in","start":2126.03,"end":2126.27},{"text":"particular,","start":2126.27,"end":2127.15},{"text":"belligerents","start":2127.15,"end":2127.79},{"text":"in","start":2127.79,"end":2127.87},{"text":"particular,","start":2127.87,"end":2128.35},{"text":"where","start":2128.55,"end":2129.03},{"text":"you","start":2129.03,"end":2129.55},{"text":"say","start":2129.55,"end":2130.03},{"text":"if","start":2130.03,"end":2130.11},{"text":"these","start":2130.11,"end":2130.35},{"text":"weapons","start":2130.35,"end":2130.63},{"text":"can","start":2130.63,"end":2130.75},{"text":"be","start":2130.83,"end":2131.07},{"text":"used,","start":2131.07,"end":2131.23},{"text":"have","start":2131.23,"end":2131.35},{"text":"a","start":2131.35,"end":2131.39},{"text":"risk","start":2131.39,"end":2131.55},{"text":"of","start":2131.55,"end":2131.63},{"text":"being","start":2131.63,"end":2132.23},{"text":"used,","start":2132.23,"end":2132.67},{"text":"that's","start":2132.67,"end":2133.07},{"text":"where","start":2133.07,"end":2133.23},{"text":"there","start":2133.23,"end":2134.03},{"text":"is","start":2134.03,"end":2134.27},{"text":"the","start":2134.27,"end":2134.43},{"text":"most","start":2134.67,"end":2136.27},{"text":"risk","start":2136.27,"end":2137.07},{"text":"today","start":2137.07,"end":2137.43},{"text":"that","start":2137.43,"end":2137.55},{"text":"we","start":2137.71,"end":2137.83},{"text":"see","start":2137.83,"end":2137.95},{"text":"autonomous","start":2137.95,"end":2138.67},{"text":"weapons","start":2139.23,"end":2139.99},{"text":"being","start":2140.11,"end":2140.79},{"text":"deployed.","start":2140.79,"end":2142.35}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Jeremy Lange","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Journalist"}},{"statement_number":27,"start":2145.83,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=2146","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Je crois que autant le secrétaire général comme la présidente de la Croix-Rouge internationale a été très clair que le risque est pour l'humanité au complet et puis qu'elle ne se centre pas sur aucun conflit spécifique, mais sinon un message à la communauté internationale sur l'importance de mettre en place des règles de jeu qui nous permettent d'aller de l'avant et puis de trouver une façon de de mettre de faire en sorte qu'on a des règles de jeu pour ce genre de système autonome.","start":2145.83,"end":2181.63,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."},{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"Je","start":2145.83,"end":2145.87},{"text":"crois","start":2146.43,"end":2146.67},{"text":"que","start":2146.67,"end":2146.99},{"text":"autant","start":2146.99,"end":2147.95},{"text":"le","start":2148.11,"end":2148.23},{"text":"secrétaire","start":2148.27,"end":2148.79},{"text":"général","start":2148.79,"end":2149.31},{"text":"comme","start":2149.31,"end":2149.51},{"text":"la","start":2149.51,"end":2149.63},{"text":"présidente","start":2149.63,"end":2150.35},{"text":"de","start":2150.35,"end":2150.43},{"text":"la","start":2150.43,"end":2150.55},{"text":"Croix-Rouge","start":2150.55,"end":2151.11},{"text":"internationale","start":2151.15,"end":2152.51},{"text":"a","start":2152.51,"end":2152.55},{"text":"été","start":2152.55,"end":2152.71},{"text":"très","start":2152.71,"end":2152.87},{"text":"clair","start":2152.87,"end":2153.07},{"text":"que","start":2153.07,"end":2153.19},{"text":"le","start":2153.19,"end":2153.27},{"text":"risque","start":2153.27,"end":2153.51},{"text":"est","start":2153.51,"end":2154.11},{"text":"pour","start":2154.11,"end":2154.23},{"text":"l'humanité","start":2154.23,"end":2154.91},{"text":"au","start":2154.91,"end":2155.07},{"text":"complet","start":2155.07,"end":2155.63},{"text":"et","start":2155.79,"end":2155.91},{"text":"puis","start":2156.11,"end":2156.39},{"text":"qu'elle","start":2156.39,"end":2156.55},{"text":"ne","start":2156.67,"end":2156.95},{"text":"se","start":2156.95,"end":2157.15},{"text":"centre","start":2157.15,"end":2157.55},{"text":"pas","start":2157.55,"end":2157.87},{"text":"sur","start":2157.87,"end":2158.23},{"text":"aucun","start":2158.23,"end":2158.75},{"text":"conflit","start":2158.75,"end":2159.35},{"text":"spécifique,","start":2159.35,"end":2160.11},{"text":"mais","start":2160.35,"end":2160.51},{"text":"sinon","start":2160.51,"end":2161.07},{"text":"un","start":2161.07,"end":2161.23},{"text":"message","start":2161.23,"end":2161.71},{"text":"à","start":2161.71,"end":2161.79},{"text":"la","start":2161.79,"end":2161.91},{"text":"communauté","start":2161.91,"end":2162.39},{"text":"internationale","start":2162.39,"end":2163.23},{"text":"sur","start":2163.23,"end":2163.39},{"text":"l'importance","start":2163.39,"end":2164.27},{"text":"de","start":2164.59,"end":2164.71},{"text":"mettre","start":2164.71,"end":2164.99},{"text":"en","start":2164.99,"end":2165.15},{"text":"place","start":2165.15,"end":2165.79},{"text":"des","start":2166.75,"end":2166.99},{"text":"règles","start":2166.99,"end":2167.63},{"text":"de","start":2167.71,"end":2167.91},{"text":"jeu","start":2167.91,"end":2168.15},{"text":"qui","start":2168.15,"end":2168.35},{"text":"nous","start":2168.99,"end":2169.19},{"text":"permettent","start":2169.19,"end":2169.87},{"text":"d'aller","start":2169.95,"end":2170.59},{"text":"de","start":2170.59,"end":2170.67},{"text":"l'avant","start":2170.67,"end":2171.03},{"text":"et","start":2171.03,"end":2171.11},{"text":"puis","start":2171.15,"end":2171.43},{"text":"de","start":2171.43,"end":2171.67},{"text":"trouver","start":2172.03,"end":2173.07},{"text":"une","start":2173.43,"end":2173.55},{"text":"façon","start":2173.55,"end":2174.43},{"text":"de","start":2175.39,"end":2175.59},{"text":"de","start":2175.91,"end":2175.95},{"text":"mettre","start":2175.95,"end":2176.27},{"text":"de","start":2176.27,"end":2176.43},{"text":"faire","start":2176.43,"end":2176.67},{"text":"en","start":2176.67,"end":2176.83},{"text":"sorte","start":2176.83,"end":2177.19},{"text":"qu'on","start":2177.19,"end":2177.47},{"text":"a","start":2177.47,"end":2177.55},{"text":"des","start":2177.55,"end":2177.71},{"text":"règles","start":2177.71,"end":2178.27},{"text":"de","start":2178.59,"end":2178.71},{"text":"jeu","start":2178.71,"end":2179.07},{"text":"pour","start":2179.07,"end":2179.71},{"text":"ce","start":2179.71,"end":2179.91},{"text":"genre","start":2179.91,"end":2180.27},{"text":"de","start":2180.27,"end":2180.39},{"text":"système","start":2180.43,"end":2181.03},{"text":"autonome.","start":2181.03,"end":2181.63}]},{"text":"Alors je pense que je laisserai ma réponse à ça en ce moment.","start":2181.95,"end":2185.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Alors","start":2181.95,"end":2182.19},{"text":"je","start":2182.75,"end":2182.83},{"text":"pense","start":2182.83,"end":2182.99},{"text":"que","start":2182.99,"end":2183.15},{"text":"je","start":2183.15,"end":2183.23},{"text":"laisserai","start":2183.23,"end":2183.63},{"text":"ma","start":2184.03,"end":2184.15},{"text":"réponse","start":2184.15,"end":2184.99},{"text":"à","start":2184.99,"end":2185.07},{"text":"ça","start":2185.07,"end":2185.15},{"text":"en","start":2185.15,"end":2185.31},{"text":"ce","start":2185.31,"end":2185.43},{"text":"moment.","start":2185.43,"end":2185.79}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Caroline Melanie Regimbal","affiliation":"UNODA","affiliation_full":"UNODA","group":null,"function":"Chief of Service"}},{"statement_number":28,"start":2188.75,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=2189","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Je suis tout à fait d'accord avec Mélanie par rapport à ça.","start":2188.75,"end":2192.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Je","start":2188.75,"end":2188.99},{"text":"suis","start":2188.99,"end":2189.15},{"text":"tout","start":2189.15,"end":2189.31},{"text":"à","start":2189.31,"end":2189.39},{"text":"fait","start":2189.39,"end":2189.55},{"text":"d'accord","start":2189.55,"end":2189.95},{"text":"avec","start":2189.95,"end":2190.43},{"text":"Mélanie","start":2190.51,"end":2190.99},{"text":"par","start":2190.99,"end":2191.23},{"text":"rapport","start":2191.23,"end":2191.59},{"text":"à","start":2191.59,"end":2191.95},{"text":"ça.","start":2192.55,"end":2192.67}]},{"text":"Je voudrais juste dire un mot de prudence.","start":2193.47,"end":2199.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Je","start":2193.47,"end":2193.67},{"text":"voudrais","start":2193.67,"end":2194.23},{"text":"juste","start":2194.23,"end":2194.83},{"text":"dire","start":2196.99,"end":2197.43},{"text":"un","start":2197.87,"end":2198.11},{"text":"mot","start":2198.11,"end":2198.51},{"text":"de","start":2198.51,"end":2198.59},{"text":"prudence.","start":2198.59,"end":2199.31}]},{"text":"And for not imagining that it's only in the conflicts between the most technologically advanced armies that the problem arises, it already arises in a whole number of other conflicts and it will arise everywhere.","start":2200.55,"end":2214.79,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2200.55,"end":2201.39},{"text":"for","start":2201.51,"end":2201.63},{"text":"not","start":2201.63,"end":2201.91},{"text":"imagining","start":2201.91,"end":2202.51},{"text":"that","start":2202.51,"end":2202.67},{"text":"it's","start":2202.67,"end":2202.95},{"text":"only","start":2202.95,"end":2203.43},{"text":"in","start":2203.43,"end":2203.51},{"text":"the","start":2203.51,"end":2203.59},{"text":"conflicts","start":2203.59,"end":2204.55},{"text":"between","start":2204.71,"end":2205.59},{"text":"the","start":2205.63,"end":2205.87},{"text":"most","start":2205.87,"end":2206.43},{"text":"technologically","start":2206.55,"end":2207.15},{"text":"advanced","start":2207.15,"end":2207.59},{"text":"armies","start":2207.59,"end":2207.83},{"text":"that","start":2207.83,"end":2207.99},{"text":"the","start":2208.15,"end":2208.27},{"text":"problem","start":2208.27,"end":2208.91},{"text":"arises,","start":2208.91,"end":2209.79},{"text":"it","start":2209.79,"end":2209.91},{"text":"already","start":2209.91,"end":2210.35},{"text":"arises","start":2210.35,"end":2210.59},{"text":"in","start":2210.59,"end":2210.67},{"text":"a","start":2211.07,"end":2211.15},{"text":"whole","start":2211.15,"end":2211.51},{"text":"number","start":2211.51,"end":2212.15},{"text":"of","start":2212.15,"end":2212.23},{"text":"other","start":2212.23,"end":2212.51},{"text":"conflicts","start":2212.59,"end":2213.87},{"text":"and","start":2213.87,"end":2213.99},{"text":"it","start":2213.99,"end":2214.07},{"text":"will","start":2214.07,"end":2214.23},{"text":"arise","start":2214.23,"end":2214.47},{"text":"everywhere.","start":2214.47,"end":2214.79}]},{"text":"That's why it's a problem for humanity in general, as Melanie just reminded us here, all weapons have proliferated.","start":2214.79,"end":2224.43,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"That's","start":2214.79,"end":2215.31},{"text":"why","start":2215.31,"end":2215.39},{"text":"it's","start":2215.47,"end":2215.87},{"text":"a","start":2215.87,"end":2216.03},{"text":"problem","start":2216.03,"end":2216.51},{"text":"for","start":2216.51,"end":2216.63},{"text":"humanity","start":2216.63,"end":2217.19},{"text":"in","start":2217.19,"end":2217.31},{"text":"general,","start":2217.67,"end":2218.51},{"text":"as","start":2218.59,"end":2218.67},{"text":"Melanie","start":2218.67,"end":2219.83},{"text":"just","start":2219.83,"end":2220.03},{"text":"reminded","start":2220.03,"end":2221.35},{"text":"us","start":2221.35,"end":2221.47},{"text":"here,","start":2221.47,"end":2221.63},{"text":"all","start":2221.63,"end":2221.87},{"text":"weapons","start":2222.63,"end":2223.07},{"text":"have","start":2223.47,"end":2223.63},{"text":"proliferated.","start":2223.63,"end":2224.43}]},{"text":"Toutes celles qui ont été créées ont toujours proliféré.","start":2224.91,"end":2226.91,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"Toutes","start":2224.91,"end":2225.07},{"text":"celles","start":2225.07,"end":2225.27},{"text":"qui","start":2225.27,"end":2225.35},{"text":"ont","start":2225.35,"end":2225.55},{"text":"été","start":2225.55,"end":2225.63},{"text":"créées","start":2225.63,"end":2225.87},{"text":"ont","start":2225.87,"end":2226.11},{"text":"toujours","start":2226.11,"end":2226.43},{"text":"proliféré.","start":2226.43,"end":2226.91}]},{"text":"Ce sera d'autant plus le cas avec l'autonomie dans les armes, puisque c'est finalement des senseurs et des algorithmes.","start":2226.91,"end":2234.07,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"Ce","start":2226.91,"end":2227.27},{"text":"sera","start":2227.27,"end":2227.91},{"text":"d'autant","start":2227.91,"end":2228.27},{"text":"plus","start":2228.27,"end":2228.47},{"text":"le","start":2228.47,"end":2228.63},{"text":"cas","start":2228.63,"end":2228.95},{"text":"avec","start":2228.95,"end":2229.43},{"text":"l'autonomie","start":2229.43,"end":2230.39},{"text":"dans","start":2230.39,"end":2230.55},{"text":"les","start":2230.55,"end":2230.79},{"text":"armes,","start":2230.79,"end":2231.19},{"text":"puisque","start":2231.19,"end":2231.55},{"text":"c'est","start":2231.55,"end":2232.07},{"text":"finalement","start":2232.07,"end":2232.51},{"text":"des","start":2232.51,"end":2232.71},{"text":"senseurs","start":2232.71,"end":2233.15},{"text":"et","start":2233.15,"end":2233.23},{"text":"des","start":2233.23,"end":2233.31},{"text":"algorithmes.","start":2233.31,"end":2234.07}]},{"text":"Et donc ce sera une arme qui va proliférer facilement, qui est donc une préoccupation pour le monde entier et tous les pays qui risquent d'être victimes de l'utilisation de ces armes, que ce soit dans des conflits ou que ce soit par d'autres manières, y compris hors de guerre.","start":2235.03,"end":2254.83,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"Et","start":2235.03,"end":2235.23},{"text":"donc","start":2235.23,"end":2235.39},{"text":"ce","start":2235.39,"end":2235.63},{"text":"sera","start":2235.63,"end":2235.83},{"text":"une","start":2235.83,"end":2235.91},{"text":"arme","start":2235.91,"end":2236.07},{"text":"qui","start":2236.07,"end":2236.15},{"text":"va","start":2236.15,"end":2236.31},{"text":"proliférer","start":2236.31,"end":2237.07},{"text":"facilement,","start":2237.11,"end":2237.99},{"text":"qui","start":2237.99,"end":2238.07},{"text":"est","start":2238.07,"end":2238.47},{"text":"donc","start":2238.47,"end":2238.75},{"text":"une","start":2238.75,"end":2238.87},{"text":"préoccupation","start":2238.87,"end":2239.67},{"text":"pour","start":2239.67,"end":2240.71},{"text":"le","start":2240.71,"end":2240.91},{"text":"monde","start":2241.43,"end":2241.71},{"text":"entier","start":2241.71,"end":2242.07},{"text":"et","start":2242.07,"end":2242.19},{"text":"tous","start":2242.19,"end":2242.31},{"text":"les","start":2242.31,"end":2242.47},{"text":"pays","start":2242.47,"end":2242.67},{"text":"qui","start":2242.71,"end":2242.79},{"text":"risquent","start":2242.79,"end":2243.59},{"text":"d'être","start":2243.99,"end":2244.55},{"text":"victimes","start":2244.55,"end":2245.15},{"text":"de","start":2245.51,"end":2245.71},{"text":"l'utilisation","start":2246.07,"end":2247.11},{"text":"de","start":2247.27,"end":2247.43},{"text":"ces","start":2247.43,"end":2247.75},{"text":"armes,","start":2247.75,"end":2248.07},{"text":"que","start":2248.79,"end":2248.99},{"text":"ce","start":2248.99,"end":2249.11},{"text":"soit","start":2249.11,"end":2249.39},{"text":"dans","start":2249.43,"end":2249.71},{"text":"des","start":2249.71,"end":2249.83},{"text":"conflits","start":2249.83,"end":2250.19},{"text":"ou","start":2250.19,"end":2250.23},{"text":"que","start":2250.23,"end":2250.63},{"text":"ce","start":2250.63,"end":2251.11},{"text":"soit","start":2251.43,"end":2251.59},{"text":"par","start":2251.67,"end":2252.47},{"text":"d'autres","start":2252.63,"end":2253.75},{"text":"manières,","start":2253.75,"end":2254.19},{"text":"y","start":2254.19,"end":2254.23},{"text":"compris","start":2254.23,"end":2254.55},{"text":"hors","start":2254.55,"end":2254.63},{"text":"de","start":2254.63,"end":2254.71},{"text":"guerre.","start":2254.71,"end":2254.83}]},{"text":"conflicts if they are used once they are developed by terrorist groups.","start":2254.95,"end":2259.47,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"conflicts","start":2254.95,"end":2256.07},{"text":"if","start":2256.07,"end":2257.15},{"text":"they","start":2257.15,"end":2257.23},{"text":"are","start":2257.23,"end":2257.31},{"text":"used","start":2257.31,"end":2257.63},{"text":"once","start":2257.63,"end":2257.83},{"text":"they","start":2257.83,"end":2257.99},{"text":"are","start":2257.99,"end":2258.31},{"text":"developed","start":2258.31,"end":2258.75},{"text":"by","start":2258.75,"end":2258.83},{"text":"terrorist","start":2258.83,"end":2259.27},{"text":"groups.","start":2259.27,"end":2259.47}]},{"text":"So it's really a concern for all of humanity in this regard, and it's really an urgent concern because the norms need to be established before the weapon is developed, otherwise it will proliferate.","start":2259.99,"end":2274.47,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2259.99,"end":2260.07},{"text":"it's","start":2260.47,"end":2261.23},{"text":"really","start":2261.23,"end":2261.51},{"text":"a","start":2261.51,"end":2261.67},{"text":"concern","start":2261.67,"end":2262.23},{"text":"for","start":2262.31,"end":2262.55},{"text":"all","start":2262.55,"end":2263.03},{"text":"of","start":2263.03,"end":2263.11},{"text":"humanity","start":2263.11,"end":2263.79},{"text":"in","start":2263.79,"end":2263.87},{"text":"this","start":2263.87,"end":2263.99},{"text":"regard,","start":2263.99,"end":2264.23},{"text":"and","start":2264.23,"end":2264.79},{"text":"it's","start":2264.79,"end":2265.43},{"text":"really","start":2265.43,"end":2265.67},{"text":"an","start":2265.75,"end":2266.15},{"text":"urgent","start":2266.23,"end":2266.67},{"text":"concern","start":2266.67,"end":2267.43},{"text":"because","start":2267.51,"end":2267.91},{"text":"the","start":2267.95,"end":2268.03},{"text":"norms","start":2268.03,"end":2268.23},{"text":"need","start":2268.23,"end":2268.35},{"text":"to","start":2268.35,"end":2268.71},{"text":"be","start":2269.07,"end":2269.15},{"text":"established","start":2269.15,"end":2269.75},{"text":"before","start":2269.75,"end":2269.99},{"text":"the","start":2269.99,"end":2270.19},{"text":"weapon","start":2270.19,"end":2270.39},{"text":"is","start":2270.39,"end":2270.47},{"text":"developed,","start":2270.47,"end":2271.55},{"text":"otherwise","start":2271.55,"end":2272.71},{"text":"it","start":2272.71,"end":2272.79},{"text":"will","start":2272.79,"end":2273.03},{"text":"proliferate.","start":2273.03,"end":2274.47}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Laurent Gisel","affiliation":"ICRC","affiliation_full":"ICRC","group":null,"function":"Head, Arms and Conduct of Hostilities Unit"}},{"statement_number":29,"start":2275.59,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=2276","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":2275.59,"end":2276.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2275.59,"end":2275.75},{"text":"you","start":2275.75,"end":2275.91},{"text":"very","start":2275.91,"end":2276.11},{"text":"much.","start":2276.11,"end":2276.23}]},{"text":"The last question, Casimir, Jeff from Geneva Solutions.","start":2276.23,"end":2280.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2276.23,"end":2276.35},{"text":"last","start":2276.47,"end":2277.27},{"text":"question,","start":2277.43,"end":2277.83},{"text":"Casimir,","start":2277.83,"end":2278.31},{"text":"Jeff","start":2278.31,"end":2278.59},{"text":"from","start":2278.59,"end":2278.79},{"text":"Geneva","start":2278.79,"end":2279.19},{"text":"Solutions.","start":2279.19,"end":2280.39}]},{"text":"Casimir.","start":2280.39,"end":2281.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Casimir.","start":2280.39,"end":2281.03}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":30,"start":2287.47,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=2288","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Hi, thank you for taking my question.","start":2287.47,"end":2289.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Hi,","start":2287.47,"end":2288.19},{"text":"thank","start":2288.19,"end":2288.39},{"text":"you","start":2288.39,"end":2288.47},{"text":"for","start":2288.47,"end":2288.59},{"text":"taking","start":2288.59,"end":2288.91},{"text":"my","start":2288.91,"end":2288.99},{"text":"question.","start":2288.99,"end":2289.71}]},{"text":"Not to labour the point, but you said there was no figures yet on clear figures on where autonomous weapon systems have been used, but do you have any clear examples of where combatants have been killed using autonomous weapon systems?","start":2290.35,"end":2306.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Not","start":2290.35,"end":2290.63},{"text":"to","start":2290.63,"end":2290.71},{"text":"labour","start":2290.75,"end":2291.07},{"text":"the","start":2291.07,"end":2291.15},{"text":"point,","start":2291.15,"end":2291.63},{"text":"but","start":2291.63,"end":2291.75},{"text":"you","start":2291.75,"end":2291.87},{"text":"said","start":2291.87,"end":2292.07},{"text":"there","start":2292.07,"end":2292.19},{"text":"was","start":2292.19,"end":2292.51},{"text":"no","start":2292.99,"end":2293.23},{"text":"figures","start":2293.23,"end":2293.83},{"text":"yet","start":2293.83,"end":2294.19},{"text":"on","start":2294.23,"end":2294.35},{"text":"clear","start":2294.83,"end":2295.11},{"text":"figures","start":2295.11,"end":2295.43},{"text":"on","start":2295.43,"end":2295.51},{"text":"where","start":2295.51,"end":2295.87},{"text":"autonomous","start":2295.87,"end":2296.35},{"text":"weapon","start":2296.35,"end":2296.67},{"text":"systems","start":2296.67,"end":2297.39},{"text":"have","start":2298.43,"end":2298.63},{"text":"been","start":2298.63,"end":2298.91},{"text":"used,","start":2298.91,"end":2299.55},{"text":"but","start":2299.55,"end":2300.11},{"text":"do","start":2300.35,"end":2300.63},{"text":"you","start":2300.63,"end":2300.71},{"text":"have","start":2300.71,"end":2300.91},{"text":"any","start":2300.91,"end":2301.15},{"text":"clear","start":2301.15,"end":2301.43},{"text":"examples","start":2301.43,"end":2301.95},{"text":"of","start":2301.95,"end":2302.03},{"text":"where","start":2302.03,"end":2302.19},{"text":"combatants","start":2302.19,"end":2303.23},{"text":"have","start":2303.23,"end":2303.39},{"text":"been","start":2303.39,"end":2303.87},{"text":"killed","start":2303.87,"end":2304.35},{"text":"using","start":2304.51,"end":2304.91},{"text":"autonomous","start":2304.95,"end":2305.39},{"text":"weapon","start":2305.39,"end":2305.71},{"text":"systems?","start":2305.71,"end":2306.35}]},{"text":"And then my other question was, if states agree to proceed with negotiations after the review conference, how long do you think it could take?","start":2306.75,"end":2318.07,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2306.75,"end":2306.91},{"text":"then","start":2306.91,"end":2307.91},{"text":"my","start":2307.99,"end":2308.31},{"text":"other","start":2308.55,"end":2308.91},{"text":"question","start":2308.91,"end":2309.43},{"text":"was,","start":2309.43,"end":2309.91},{"text":"if","start":2310.47,"end":2310.79},{"text":"states","start":2310.79,"end":2311.43},{"text":"agree","start":2311.43,"end":2311.91},{"text":"to","start":2311.91,"end":2312.19},{"text":"proceed","start":2312.71,"end":2313.19},{"text":"with","start":2313.19,"end":2313.31},{"text":"negotiations","start":2313.31,"end":2314.19},{"text":"after","start":2314.19,"end":2314.47},{"text":"the","start":2314.47,"end":2314.55},{"text":"review","start":2314.55,"end":2314.83},{"text":"conference,","start":2314.83,"end":2315.59},{"text":"how","start":2316.31,"end":2316.55},{"text":"long","start":2316.55,"end":2316.83},{"text":"do","start":2316.83,"end":2316.91},{"text":"you","start":2316.91,"end":2317.03},{"text":"think","start":2317.03,"end":2317.31},{"text":"it","start":2317.31,"end":2317.39},{"text":"could","start":2317.39,"end":2317.63},{"text":"take?","start":2317.63,"end":2318.07}]},{"text":"I mean, I know you don't have a crystal ball, but how long could it take to actually then see a protocol being adopted?","start":2318.07,"end":2323.71,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2318.07,"end":2318.11},{"text":"mean,","start":2318.11,"end":2318.23},{"text":"I","start":2318.23,"end":2318.39},{"text":"know","start":2318.39,"end":2318.47},{"text":"you","start":2318.47,"end":2318.55},{"text":"don't","start":2318.55,"end":2318.87},{"text":"have","start":2318.87,"end":2319.07},{"text":"a","start":2319.07,"end":2319.11},{"text":"crystal","start":2319.11,"end":2319.47},{"text":"ball,","start":2319.47,"end":2319.75},{"text":"but","start":2319.75,"end":2319.87},{"text":"how","start":2319.87,"end":2319.99},{"text":"long","start":2319.99,"end":2320.11},{"text":"could","start":2320.11,"end":2320.35},{"text":"it","start":2320.35,"end":2320.43},{"text":"take","start":2320.43,"end":2320.55},{"text":"to","start":2320.55,"end":2320.71},{"text":"actually","start":2320.71,"end":2321.11},{"text":"then","start":2321.11,"end":2321.51},{"text":"see","start":2321.67,"end":2322.07},{"text":"a","start":2322.07,"end":2322.11},{"text":"protocol","start":2322.11,"end":2322.63},{"text":"being","start":2322.63,"end":2322.83},{"text":"adopted?","start":2322.83,"end":2323.71}]},{"text":"I mean, this could then take another few years, I imagine, but what could be, you know, what are your hopes for that process to be accelerated?","start":2323.71,"end":2333.67,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2323.71,"end":2323.75},{"text":"mean,","start":2323.75,"end":2324.07},{"text":"this","start":2324.07,"end":2324.23},{"text":"could","start":2324.23,"end":2324.63},{"text":"then","start":2324.87,"end":2325.11},{"text":"take","start":2325.11,"end":2325.43},{"text":"another","start":2325.43,"end":2325.99},{"text":"few","start":2325.99,"end":2326.19},{"text":"years,","start":2326.19,"end":2326.55},{"text":"I","start":2326.55,"end":2326.63},{"text":"imagine,","start":2326.63,"end":2327.19},{"text":"but","start":2327.19,"end":2327.59},{"text":"what","start":2328.31,"end":2328.47},{"text":"could","start":2328.47,"end":2328.67},{"text":"be,","start":2328.67,"end":2329.19},{"text":"you","start":2329.31,"end":2329.39},{"text":"know,","start":2329.39,"end":2329.47},{"text":"what","start":2329.47,"end":2329.67},{"text":"are","start":2329.67,"end":2329.75},{"text":"your","start":2329.75,"end":2329.87},{"text":"hopes","start":2329.87,"end":2330.39},{"text":"for","start":2330.39,"end":2330.55},{"text":"that","start":2330.55,"end":2330.75},{"text":"process","start":2330.75,"end":2331.19},{"text":"to","start":2331.19,"end":2331.39},{"text":"be","start":2331.39,"end":2331.75},{"text":"accelerated?","start":2332.71,"end":2333.67}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":2334.15,"end":2334.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2334.15,"end":2334.43},{"text":"you.","start":2334.43,"end":2334.51}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Casimir","affiliation":"Geneva Solutions","affiliation_full":"Geneva Solutions","group":null,"function":"Journalist"}},{"statement_number":31,"start":2344.27,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=2345","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Just to clarify, I think I have mentioned that autonomous weapon systems already exist.","start":2344.27,"end":2350.43,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"Just","start":2344.27,"end":2344.47},{"text":"to","start":2344.47,"end":2344.55},{"text":"clarify,","start":2344.55,"end":2345.07},{"text":"I","start":2345.23,"end":2345.39},{"text":"think","start":2345.39,"end":2345.79},{"text":"I","start":2346.43,"end":2346.63},{"text":"have","start":2346.63,"end":2346.83},{"text":"mentioned","start":2346.83,"end":2347.39},{"text":"that","start":2347.39,"end":2347.87},{"text":"autonomous","start":2348.43,"end":2348.91},{"text":"weapon","start":2348.91,"end":2349.23},{"text":"systems","start":2349.23,"end":2349.63},{"text":"already","start":2349.63,"end":2349.99},{"text":"exist.","start":2349.99,"end":2350.43}]},{"text":"I should have been clearer maybe that they exist since a long time.","start":2350.43,"end":2354.11,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2350.43,"end":2350.51},{"text":"should","start":2350.51,"end":2350.67},{"text":"have","start":2350.67,"end":2350.79},{"text":"been","start":2350.79,"end":2350.99},{"text":"clearer","start":2350.99,"end":2351.39},{"text":"maybe","start":2351.39,"end":2351.79},{"text":"that","start":2351.79,"end":2351.95},{"text":"they","start":2351.95,"end":2352.07},{"text":"exist","start":2352.07,"end":2352.51},{"text":"since","start":2352.51,"end":2353.07},{"text":"a","start":2353.07,"end":2353.31},{"text":"long","start":2353.31,"end":2353.63},{"text":"time.","start":2353.63,"end":2354.11}]},{"text":"Anti weapon systems to defense on warships against incoming missiles are very often autonomous weapon systems and that may be the case since decades.","start":2356.43,"end":2367.39,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"Anti","start":2356.43,"end":2356.79},{"text":"weapon","start":2356.79,"end":2358.75},{"text":"systems","start":2358.75,"end":2359.31},{"text":"to","start":2359.31,"end":2359.47},{"text":"defense","start":2359.47,"end":2360.11},{"text":"on","start":2360.11,"end":2360.27},{"text":"warships","start":2360.27,"end":2360.83},{"text":"against","start":2360.83,"end":2361.23},{"text":"incoming","start":2361.23,"end":2361.67},{"text":"missiles","start":2361.67,"end":2362.27},{"text":"are","start":2362.75,"end":2363.31},{"text":"very","start":2363.31,"end":2363.71},{"text":"often","start":2363.71,"end":2364.19},{"text":"autonomous","start":2364.19,"end":2364.59},{"text":"weapon","start":2364.59,"end":2364.91},{"text":"systems","start":2364.91,"end":2365.55},{"text":"and","start":2365.55,"end":2365.67},{"text":"that","start":2365.67,"end":2365.87},{"text":"may","start":2365.87,"end":2366.03},{"text":"be","start":2366.03,"end":2366.15},{"text":"the","start":2366.15,"end":2366.27},{"text":"case","start":2366.27,"end":2366.55},{"text":"since","start":2366.55,"end":2366.83},{"text":"decades.","start":2366.83,"end":2367.39}]},{"text":"The concerns we have is with the current development and the trajectory of the current development, because it's very different to have an autonomous weapon system that is used against an incoming missiles in the middle of the high seas, where you don't have anything civilians that resemble an incoming missile at the speed, shape, velocity, and all of that, if it's coming against a warship and you don't have civilians around.","start":2368.07,"end":2393.43,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."},{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2368.07,"end":2368.27},{"text":"concerns","start":2368.27,"end":2368.79},{"text":"we","start":2368.79,"end":2368.99},{"text":"have","start":2368.99,"end":2369.43},{"text":"is","start":2369.43,"end":2369.91},{"text":"with","start":2369.91,"end":2370.27},{"text":"the","start":2370.27,"end":2370.35},{"text":"current","start":2370.35,"end":2370.79},{"text":"development","start":2370.79,"end":2371.47},{"text":"and","start":2371.47,"end":2371.63},{"text":"the","start":2371.63,"end":2371.71},{"text":"trajectory","start":2371.71,"end":2372.35},{"text":"of","start":2372.35,"end":2372.43},{"text":"the","start":2372.43,"end":2372.55},{"text":"current","start":2372.55,"end":2372.87},{"text":"development,","start":2372.87,"end":2373.51},{"text":"because","start":2373.51,"end":2373.83},{"text":"it's","start":2373.83,"end":2374.11},{"text":"very","start":2374.11,"end":2374.39},{"text":"different","start":2374.39,"end":2374.87},{"text":"to","start":2374.87,"end":2374.95},{"text":"have","start":2374.95,"end":2375.23},{"text":"an","start":2375.23,"end":2375.35},{"text":"autonomous","start":2375.35,"end":2375.75},{"text":"weapon","start":2375.75,"end":2376.15},{"text":"system","start":2376.15,"end":2376.55},{"text":"that","start":2376.55,"end":2376.83},{"text":"is","start":2376.83,"end":2376.95},{"text":"used","start":2376.95,"end":2377.23},{"text":"against","start":2377.23,"end":2377.67},{"text":"an","start":2377.67,"end":2377.75},{"text":"incoming","start":2377.75,"end":2378.31},{"text":"missiles","start":2378.31,"end":2378.87},{"text":"in","start":2378.87,"end":2379.19},{"text":"the","start":2379.19,"end":2379.27},{"text":"middle","start":2379.27,"end":2379.51},{"text":"of","start":2379.51,"end":2379.59},{"text":"the","start":2379.59,"end":2379.75},{"text":"high","start":2379.75,"end":2379.99},{"text":"seas,","start":2379.99,"end":2380.47},{"text":"where","start":2380.79,"end":2381.19},{"text":"you","start":2381.27,"end":2381.43},{"text":"don't","start":2381.43,"end":2381.79},{"text":"have","start":2381.79,"end":2381.91},{"text":"anything","start":2381.91,"end":2382.39},{"text":"civilians","start":2382.39,"end":2382.95},{"text":"that","start":2382.95,"end":2383.27},{"text":"resemble","start":2383.27,"end":2383.99},{"text":"an","start":2384.11,"end":2384.23},{"text":"incoming","start":2384.23,"end":2384.71},{"text":"missile","start":2384.71,"end":2385.27},{"text":"at","start":2385.27,"end":2385.43},{"text":"the","start":2385.43,"end":2385.55},{"text":"speed,","start":2385.55,"end":2385.99},{"text":"shape,","start":2385.99,"end":2386.55},{"text":"velocity,","start":2386.63,"end":2387.67},{"text":"and","start":2388.07,"end":2388.27},{"text":"all","start":2388.27,"end":2388.43},{"text":"of","start":2388.43,"end":2388.51},{"text":"that,","start":2388.51,"end":2388.87},{"text":"if","start":2389.83,"end":2389.91},{"text":"it's","start":2389.91,"end":2390.15},{"text":"coming","start":2390.31,"end":2390.71},{"text":"against","start":2390.71,"end":2391.19},{"text":"a","start":2391.19,"end":2391.27},{"text":"warship","start":2391.27,"end":2391.71},{"text":"and","start":2391.71,"end":2391.87},{"text":"you","start":2391.87,"end":2391.95},{"text":"don't","start":2391.95,"end":2392.27},{"text":"have","start":2392.27,"end":2392.39},{"text":"civilians","start":2392.39,"end":2392.87},{"text":"around.","start":2392.87,"end":2393.43}]},{"text":"So those type of autonomous weapon systems are not those that we plan to, well, we recommend states to prohibit and not those that would fall full of the restriction that we impose.","start":2394.03,"end":2406.43,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2394.03,"end":2394.27},{"text":"those","start":2394.27,"end":2394.67},{"text":"type","start":2394.67,"end":2394.91},{"text":"of","start":2394.91,"end":2395.03},{"text":"autonomous","start":2395.03,"end":2395.39},{"text":"weapon","start":2395.39,"end":2395.79},{"text":"systems","start":2395.79,"end":2396.35},{"text":"are","start":2396.35,"end":2396.43},{"text":"not","start":2396.43,"end":2396.67},{"text":"those","start":2396.67,"end":2396.99},{"text":"that","start":2396.99,"end":2397.63},{"text":"we","start":2397.71,"end":2398.03},{"text":"plan","start":2398.03,"end":2398.35},{"text":"to,","start":2398.35,"end":2398.67},{"text":"well,","start":2398.91,"end":2399.15},{"text":"we","start":2399.15,"end":2399.43},{"text":"recommend","start":2399.43,"end":2399.79},{"text":"states","start":2399.79,"end":2400.27},{"text":"to","start":2400.27,"end":2400.51},{"text":"prohibit","start":2400.51,"end":2401.03},{"text":"and","start":2401.03,"end":2401.15},{"text":"not","start":2401.15,"end":2401.59},{"text":"those","start":2401.59,"end":2401.87},{"text":"that","start":2401.87,"end":2402.35},{"text":"would","start":2402.51,"end":2403.07},{"text":"fall","start":2403.71,"end":2404.19},{"text":"full","start":2404.51,"end":2404.91},{"text":"of","start":2404.91,"end":2404.99},{"text":"the","start":2404.99,"end":2405.23},{"text":"restriction","start":2405.23,"end":2405.71},{"text":"that","start":2405.71,"end":2405.95},{"text":"we","start":2405.95,"end":2406.07},{"text":"impose.","start":2406.07,"end":2406.43}]},{"text":"That would typically be those where, of course, it remains important that they are predictable, et cetera, et cetera, but nobody is suggesting that those would be prohibited or restricted further than the current military practice.","start":2406.43,"end":2422.27,"topics":[{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."},{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":2406.43,"end":2406.63},{"text":"would","start":2406.63,"end":2406.87},{"text":"typically","start":2406.87,"end":2407.31},{"text":"be","start":2407.31,"end":2407.47},{"text":"those","start":2407.47,"end":2407.95},{"text":"where,","start":2408.03,"end":2408.43},{"text":"of","start":2408.99,"end":2409.15},{"text":"course,","start":2409.15,"end":2409.47},{"text":"it","start":2409.47,"end":2409.63},{"text":"remains","start":2409.63,"end":2409.95},{"text":"important","start":2409.95,"end":2410.39},{"text":"that","start":2410.39,"end":2410.51},{"text":"they","start":2410.51,"end":2410.59},{"text":"are","start":2410.59,"end":2410.67},{"text":"predictable,","start":2410.67,"end":2411.31},{"text":"et","start":2411.31,"end":2411.47},{"text":"cetera,","start":2411.47,"end":2411.83},{"text":"et","start":2411.83,"end":2411.91},{"text":"cetera,","start":2411.91,"end":2412.35},{"text":"but","start":2412.59,"end":2412.99},{"text":"nobody","start":2414.11,"end":2414.99},{"text":"is","start":2414.99,"end":2415.31},{"text":"suggesting","start":2416.19,"end":2416.75},{"text":"that","start":2416.75,"end":2416.91},{"text":"those","start":2416.91,"end":2417.39},{"text":"would","start":2417.79,"end":2418.11},{"text":"be","start":2418.11,"end":2418.35},{"text":"prohibited","start":2418.35,"end":2419.15},{"text":"or","start":2419.15,"end":2419.31},{"text":"restricted","start":2419.31,"end":2419.87},{"text":"further","start":2419.87,"end":2420.35},{"text":"than","start":2420.35,"end":2420.59},{"text":"the","start":2420.59,"end":2420.71},{"text":"current","start":2420.71,"end":2421.23},{"text":"military","start":2421.23,"end":2421.63},{"text":"practice.","start":2421.63,"end":2422.27}]},{"text":"And all that long answer to say that autonomous weapons have been used since a very long time.","start":2422.59,"end":2428.03,"topics":[{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2422.59,"end":2422.87},{"text":"all","start":2422.87,"end":2422.99},{"text":"that","start":2422.99,"end":2423.31},{"text":"long","start":2423.31,"end":2423.79},{"text":"answer","start":2424.11,"end":2424.59},{"text":"to","start":2424.59,"end":2424.71},{"text":"say","start":2424.71,"end":2424.99},{"text":"that","start":2424.99,"end":2425.23},{"text":"autonomous","start":2425.23,"end":2425.71},{"text":"weapons","start":2425.71,"end":2426.11},{"text":"have","start":2426.11,"end":2426.35},{"text":"been","start":2426.35,"end":2426.59},{"text":"used","start":2426.59,"end":2426.95},{"text":"since","start":2426.95,"end":2427.19},{"text":"a","start":2427.19,"end":2427.23},{"text":"very","start":2427.23,"end":2427.51},{"text":"long","start":2427.51,"end":2427.71},{"text":"time.","start":2427.71,"end":2428.03}]},{"text":"And yes, of course, there have been combatants being killed from autonomous weapon systems over since they exist in various theaters of operations.","start":2428.03,"end":2439.31,"topics":[{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2428.03,"end":2428.23},{"text":"yes,","start":2428.23,"end":2428.47},{"text":"of","start":2428.47,"end":2428.59},{"text":"course,","start":2428.59,"end":2428.91},{"text":"there","start":2428.91,"end":2429.03},{"text":"have","start":2429.03,"end":2429.23},{"text":"been","start":2429.23,"end":2429.55},{"text":"combatants","start":2430.19,"end":2430.83},{"text":"being","start":2430.83,"end":2431.15},{"text":"killed","start":2431.15,"end":2431.63},{"text":"from","start":2431.95,"end":2432.43},{"text":"autonomous","start":2432.43,"end":2433.35},{"text":"weapon","start":2433.35,"end":2433.71},{"text":"systems","start":2433.71,"end":2434.27},{"text":"over","start":2434.27,"end":2434.83},{"text":"since","start":2435.31,"end":2435.71},{"text":"they","start":2435.71,"end":2435.99},{"text":"exist","start":2435.99,"end":2436.59},{"text":"in","start":2437.47,"end":2437.63},{"text":"various","start":2437.63,"end":2438.11},{"text":"theaters","start":2438.11,"end":2438.59},{"text":"of","start":2438.59,"end":2438.71},{"text":"operations.","start":2438.71,"end":2439.31}]},{"text":"That has been the case, yes, of course.","start":2439.31,"end":2440.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":2439.31,"end":2439.63},{"text":"has","start":2439.63,"end":2439.79},{"text":"been","start":2439.79,"end":2439.95},{"text":"the","start":2439.95,"end":2440.07},{"text":"case,","start":2440.07,"end":2440.35},{"text":"yes,","start":2440.35,"end":2440.55},{"text":"of","start":2440.55,"end":2440.67},{"text":"course.","start":2440.67,"end":2440.99}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Laurent Gisel","affiliation":"ICRC","affiliation_full":"ICRC","group":null,"function":"Head, Arms and Conduct of Hostilities Unit"}},{"statement_number":32,"start":2443.63,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=2444","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":2443.63,"end":2444.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2443.63,"end":2443.87},{"text":"you.","start":2443.87,"end":2444.19}]},{"text":"As you have mentioned, we do not yet, unfortunately, have a crystal ball as to what will be decided.","start":2444.51,"end":2450.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":2444.51,"end":2444.83},{"text":"you","start":2444.83,"end":2444.95},{"text":"have","start":2444.95,"end":2445.15},{"text":"mentioned,","start":2445.15,"end":2445.71},{"text":"we","start":2445.71,"end":2445.87},{"text":"do","start":2445.87,"end":2446.03},{"text":"not","start":2446.03,"end":2446.31},{"text":"yet,","start":2446.31,"end":2446.55},{"text":"unfortunately,","start":2446.55,"end":2447.31},{"text":"have","start":2447.31,"end":2447.51},{"text":"a","start":2447.51,"end":2447.55},{"text":"crystal","start":2447.55,"end":2447.95},{"text":"ball","start":2447.95,"end":2448.43},{"text":"as","start":2448.43,"end":2448.67},{"text":"to","start":2448.67,"end":2448.95},{"text":"what","start":2448.95,"end":2449.23},{"text":"will","start":2449.23,"end":2449.39},{"text":"be","start":2449.39,"end":2449.55},{"text":"decided.","start":2449.55,"end":2450.19}]},{"text":"This is a specificity on timelines and mandate that will need to be agreed upon during the review conference.","start":2450.27,"end":2459.79,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2450.27,"end":2450.75},{"text":"is","start":2450.75,"end":2451.31},{"text":"a","start":2451.63,"end":2451.67},{"text":"specificity","start":2451.67,"end":2452.67},{"text":"on","start":2452.67,"end":2452.99},{"text":"timelines","start":2452.99,"end":2453.87},{"text":"and","start":2453.87,"end":2454.35},{"text":"mandate","start":2454.35,"end":2455.07},{"text":"that","start":2455.07,"end":2455.31},{"text":"will","start":2455.31,"end":2455.55},{"text":"need","start":2455.55,"end":2455.83},{"text":"to","start":2455.83,"end":2455.99},{"text":"be","start":2455.99,"end":2456.51},{"text":"agreed","start":2456.83,"end":2457.31},{"text":"upon","start":2457.31,"end":2458.03},{"text":"during","start":2458.19,"end":2458.55},{"text":"the","start":2458.55,"end":2458.67},{"text":"review","start":2458.67,"end":2458.99},{"text":"conference.","start":2458.99,"end":2459.79}]},{"text":"States will have the opportunity to discuss this issue, and should they go forward, they will be the ones to establish the timelines, the duration of the mandate, the scope of that mandate.","start":2459.95,"end":2472.75,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"States","start":2459.95,"end":2460.43},{"text":"will","start":2460.43,"end":2460.59},{"text":"have","start":2460.59,"end":2460.83},{"text":"the","start":2460.83,"end":2460.95},{"text":"opportunity","start":2460.95,"end":2461.87},{"text":"to","start":2462.19,"end":2462.31},{"text":"discuss","start":2462.31,"end":2462.83},{"text":"this","start":2462.83,"end":2463.07},{"text":"issue,","start":2463.07,"end":2463.55},{"text":"and","start":2463.87,"end":2464.03},{"text":"should","start":2464.03,"end":2464.31},{"text":"they","start":2464.31,"end":2464.59},{"text":"go","start":2464.59,"end":2464.91},{"text":"forward,","start":2464.91,"end":2465.71},{"text":"they","start":2465.87,"end":2466.11},{"text":"will","start":2466.11,"end":2466.27},{"text":"be","start":2466.27,"end":2466.43},{"text":"the","start":2466.43,"end":2466.55},{"text":"ones","start":2466.55,"end":2466.95},{"text":"to","start":2466.95,"end":2467.15},{"text":"establish","start":2467.19,"end":2467.95},{"text":"the","start":2467.95,"end":2468.11},{"text":"timelines,","start":2468.11,"end":2468.99},{"text":"the","start":2469.23,"end":2469.39},{"text":"duration","start":2469.39,"end":2470.03},{"text":"of","start":2470.03,"end":2470.11},{"text":"the","start":2470.11,"end":2470.27},{"text":"mandate,","start":2470.27,"end":2470.99},{"text":"the","start":2470.99,"end":2471.15},{"text":"scope","start":2471.15,"end":2471.63},{"text":"of","start":2471.63,"end":2471.75},{"text":"that","start":2471.75,"end":2471.99},{"text":"mandate.","start":2471.99,"end":2472.75}]},{"text":"and to decide how best to proceed.","start":2473.31,"end":2476.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"and","start":2473.31,"end":2473.59},{"text":"to","start":2473.59,"end":2473.71},{"text":"decide","start":2473.71,"end":2474.51},{"text":"how","start":2474.83,"end":2475.15},{"text":"best","start":2475.15,"end":2475.67},{"text":"to","start":2475.67,"end":2475.79},{"text":"proceed.","start":2475.79,"end":2476.51}]},{"text":"So we can anticipate that this is not something that will unfortunately happen overnight despite the urgency of the matter and the reiterated calls that have come from the Secretary-General and from the President of the International Red Cross.","start":2476.51,"end":2492.27,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."},{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2476.51,"end":2476.83},{"text":"we","start":2477.39,"end":2477.63},{"text":"can","start":2477.63,"end":2477.87},{"text":"anticipate","start":2477.87,"end":2478.47},{"text":"that","start":2478.47,"end":2478.63},{"text":"this","start":2478.63,"end":2478.83},{"text":"is","start":2478.83,"end":2478.99},{"text":"not","start":2478.99,"end":2479.23},{"text":"something","start":2479.23,"end":2479.55},{"text":"that","start":2479.55,"end":2479.71},{"text":"will","start":2479.71,"end":2479.87},{"text":"unfortunately","start":2479.87,"end":2480.91},{"text":"happen","start":2481.31,"end":2481.79},{"text":"overnight","start":2481.79,"end":2482.39},{"text":"despite","start":2482.39,"end":2483.15},{"text":"the","start":2483.23,"end":2483.51},{"text":"urgency","start":2483.51,"end":2484.07},{"text":"of","start":2484.07,"end":2484.15},{"text":"the","start":2484.15,"end":2484.23},{"text":"matter","start":2484.23,"end":2484.75},{"text":"and","start":2484.75,"end":2485.23},{"text":"the","start":2485.55,"end":2485.75},{"text":"reiterated","start":2485.75,"end":2486.43},{"text":"calls","start":2486.43,"end":2486.79},{"text":"that","start":2486.79,"end":2486.91},{"text":"have","start":2486.91,"end":2487.07},{"text":"come","start":2487.07,"end":2487.39},{"text":"from","start":2487.39,"end":2487.63},{"text":"the","start":2487.63,"end":2487.75},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":2487.75,"end":2488.83},{"text":"and","start":2489.15,"end":2489.35},{"text":"from","start":2489.35,"end":2489.55},{"text":"the","start":2489.55,"end":2489.63},{"text":"President","start":2489.63,"end":2490.35},{"text":"of","start":2490.79,"end":2490.91},{"text":"the","start":2490.91,"end":2491.03},{"text":"International","start":2491.03,"end":2491.63},{"text":"Red","start":2491.63,"end":2491.87},{"text":"Cross.","start":2491.87,"end":2492.27}]},{"text":"But ultimately, this will be up to states to decide how they wish to proceed.","start":2492.59,"end":2498.19,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":2492.59,"end":2492.75},{"text":"ultimately,","start":2492.75,"end":2493.31},{"text":"this","start":2493.31,"end":2493.59},{"text":"will","start":2493.59,"end":2493.71},{"text":"be","start":2493.71,"end":2493.95},{"text":"up","start":2493.95,"end":2494.19},{"text":"to","start":2494.19,"end":2494.43},{"text":"states","start":2494.67,"end":2495.31},{"text":"to","start":2495.55,"end":2495.79},{"text":"decide","start":2495.79,"end":2496.35},{"text":"how","start":2496.59,"end":2496.83},{"text":"they","start":2496.83,"end":2497.07},{"text":"wish","start":2497.07,"end":2497.31},{"text":"to","start":2497.31,"end":2497.55},{"text":"proceed.","start":2497.55,"end":2498.19}]},{"text":"This working group that is working on the elements of an instrument without prejudging its nature has had a three-year mandate, and we will have to see what it is that states decide going forward, but we hope that they will heed the call that has been made by these two institutions.","start":2498.99,"end":2518.67,"topics":[{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2498.99,"end":2499.39},{"text":"working","start":2499.39,"end":2499.79},{"text":"group","start":2499.79,"end":2500.19},{"text":"that","start":2500.35,"end":2500.51},{"text":"is","start":2500.51,"end":2500.67},{"text":"working","start":2500.67,"end":2501.07},{"text":"on","start":2501.07,"end":2501.39},{"text":"the","start":2501.39,"end":2501.51},{"text":"elements","start":2501.55,"end":2502.19},{"text":"of","start":2502.79,"end":2502.87},{"text":"an","start":2502.87,"end":2502.99},{"text":"instrument","start":2502.99,"end":2503.71},{"text":"without","start":2504.19,"end":2504.59},{"text":"prejudging","start":2504.59,"end":2505.31},{"text":"its","start":2505.31,"end":2505.55},{"text":"nature","start":2505.55,"end":2506.03},{"text":"has","start":2506.03,"end":2506.27},{"text":"had","start":2506.27,"end":2506.47},{"text":"a","start":2506.47,"end":2506.51},{"text":"three-year","start":2506.51,"end":2507.07},{"text":"mandate,","start":2507.07,"end":2507.63},{"text":"and","start":2508.11,"end":2508.51},{"text":"we","start":2508.67,"end":2508.83},{"text":"will","start":2508.83,"end":2508.95},{"text":"have","start":2508.95,"end":2509.15},{"text":"to","start":2509.15,"end":2509.23},{"text":"see","start":2509.23,"end":2509.47},{"text":"what","start":2509.47,"end":2509.71},{"text":"it","start":2509.71,"end":2509.87},{"text":"is","start":2509.87,"end":2510.07},{"text":"that","start":2510.07,"end":2510.27},{"text":"states","start":2510.27,"end":2510.67},{"text":"decide","start":2510.67,"end":2511.31},{"text":"going","start":2511.55,"end":2511.95},{"text":"forward,","start":2511.95,"end":2512.43},{"text":"but","start":2512.99,"end":2513.31},{"text":"we","start":2513.31,"end":2513.47},{"text":"hope","start":2513.47,"end":2513.71},{"text":"that","start":2513.71,"end":2513.95},{"text":"they","start":2513.95,"end":2514.11},{"text":"will","start":2514.11,"end":2514.27},{"text":"heed","start":2514.27,"end":2514.75},{"text":"the","start":2515.07,"end":2515.23},{"text":"call","start":2515.23,"end":2515.63},{"text":"that","start":2515.63,"end":2515.83},{"text":"has","start":2515.83,"end":2516.03},{"text":"been","start":2516.03,"end":2516.19},{"text":"made","start":2516.19,"end":2516.59},{"text":"by","start":2516.91,"end":2517.15},{"text":"these","start":2517.15,"end":2517.47},{"text":"two","start":2517.47,"end":2517.67},{"text":"institutions.","start":2517.67,"end":2518.67}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":2518.83,"end":2519.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2518.83,"end":2519.03},{"text":"you.","start":2519.07,"end":2519.15}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Caroline Melanie Regimbal","affiliation":"UNODA","affiliation_full":"UNODA","group":null,"function":"Chief of Service"}},{"statement_number":33,"start":2520.23,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=2521","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":2520.23,"end":2521.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2520.23,"end":2520.55},{"text":"you","start":2520.55,"end":2520.63},{"text":"very","start":2520.63,"end":2520.91},{"text":"much.","start":2520.91,"end":2521.43}]},{"text":"Thanks to you all.","start":2521.67,"end":2523.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thanks","start":2521.67,"end":2522.15},{"text":"to","start":2522.15,"end":2522.39},{"text":"you","start":2522.55,"end":2522.79},{"text":"all.","start":2522.95,"end":2523.27}]},{"text":"I'd like really to thank our colleagues, Caroline Melani, Regine Bal from the chief of the service, you know that here in Geneva, and Laurent Giselle, the head of arms and conduct of hostilities unit at the ICRC.","start":2523.27,"end":2537.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'd","start":2523.27,"end":2523.55},{"text":"like","start":2523.55,"end":2523.71},{"text":"really","start":2523.71,"end":2523.99},{"text":"to","start":2523.99,"end":2524.11},{"text":"thank","start":2524.11,"end":2524.39},{"text":"our","start":2524.39,"end":2524.63},{"text":"colleagues,","start":2524.63,"end":2525.19},{"text":"Caroline","start":2525.83,"end":2526.23},{"text":"Melani,","start":2526.23,"end":2526.95},{"text":"Regine","start":2526.95,"end":2527.27},{"text":"Bal","start":2527.27,"end":2527.59},{"text":"from","start":2527.59,"end":2528.07},{"text":"the","start":2528.15,"end":2528.23},{"text":"chief","start":2528.79,"end":2529.03},{"text":"of","start":2529.03,"end":2529.11},{"text":"the","start":2529.11,"end":2529.27},{"text":"service,","start":2529.35,"end":2529.91},{"text":"you","start":2530.23,"end":2530.39},{"text":"know","start":2530.39,"end":2530.55},{"text":"that","start":2530.55,"end":2530.71},{"text":"here","start":2530.71,"end":2530.95},{"text":"in","start":2530.95,"end":2531.11},{"text":"Geneva,","start":2531.11,"end":2531.43},{"text":"and","start":2531.75,"end":2531.95},{"text":"Laurent","start":2531.99,"end":2532.19},{"text":"Giselle,","start":2532.19,"end":2532.55},{"text":"the","start":2532.55,"end":2532.67},{"text":"head","start":2532.67,"end":2532.87},{"text":"of","start":2532.87,"end":2533.03},{"text":"arms","start":2533.03,"end":2533.47},{"text":"and","start":2533.47,"end":2533.59},{"text":"conduct","start":2533.59,"end":2534.07},{"text":"of","start":2534.07,"end":2534.31},{"text":"hostilities","start":2534.31,"end":2535.03},{"text":"unit","start":2535.03,"end":2535.51},{"text":"at","start":2535.83,"end":2535.95},{"text":"the","start":2535.99,"end":2536.07},{"text":"ICRC.","start":2536.15,"end":2537.03}]},{"text":"Really, thank you very much for your remarks and for answering the questions.","start":2538.23,"end":2542.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Really,","start":2538.23,"end":2538.63},{"text":"thank","start":2538.63,"end":2538.83},{"text":"you","start":2538.83,"end":2538.91},{"text":"very","start":2538.91,"end":2539.11},{"text":"much","start":2539.11,"end":2539.35},{"text":"for","start":2539.35,"end":2539.91},{"text":"your","start":2539.91,"end":2540.35},{"text":"remarks","start":2540.35,"end":2540.87},{"text":"and","start":2541.19,"end":2541.35},{"text":"for","start":2541.35,"end":2541.51},{"text":"answering","start":2541.51,"end":2541.91},{"text":"the","start":2541.91,"end":2542.07},{"text":"questions.","start":2542.07,"end":2542.55}]},{"text":"You have the renewed call in your mailboxes and also on social media, so please cover and promote this call.","start":2542.55,"end":2552.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":2542.55,"end":2542.71},{"text":"have","start":2542.71,"end":2542.95},{"text":"the","start":2542.95,"end":2543.07},{"text":"renewed","start":2543.27,"end":2543.67},{"text":"call","start":2543.67,"end":2543.99},{"text":"in","start":2543.99,"end":2544.19},{"text":"your","start":2544.19,"end":2544.55},{"text":"mailboxes","start":2544.79,"end":2546.07},{"text":"and","start":2546.39,"end":2546.87},{"text":"also","start":2546.95,"end":2547.51},{"text":"on","start":2547.51,"end":2547.67},{"text":"social","start":2547.67,"end":2548.03},{"text":"media,","start":2548.03,"end":2548.31},{"text":"so","start":2548.31,"end":2548.63},{"text":"please","start":2548.63,"end":2549.11},{"text":"cover","start":2549.75,"end":2550.39},{"text":"and","start":2550.39,"end":2550.71},{"text":"promote","start":2550.71,"end":2551.35},{"text":"this","start":2551.35,"end":2551.59},{"text":"call.","start":2551.59,"end":2552.07}]},{"text":"Largely, we really need the support of the international community for this extremely important cause.","start":2552.39,"end":2557.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Largely,","start":2552.39,"end":2553.11},{"text":"we","start":2553.11,"end":2553.27},{"text":"really","start":2553.27,"end":2553.51},{"text":"need","start":2553.51,"end":2553.99},{"text":"the","start":2554.31,"end":2554.47},{"text":"support","start":2554.47,"end":2555.03},{"text":"of","start":2555.03,"end":2555.11},{"text":"the","start":2555.11,"end":2555.19},{"text":"international","start":2555.19,"end":2555.75},{"text":"community","start":2555.75,"end":2556.15},{"text":"for","start":2556.15,"end":2556.31},{"text":"this","start":2556.31,"end":2556.55},{"text":"extremely","start":2556.55,"end":2557.19},{"text":"important","start":2557.19,"end":2557.67},{"text":"cause.","start":2557.67,"end":2557.99}]},{"text":"Thank you, colleagues.","start":2558.23,"end":2559.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2558.23,"end":2558.55},{"text":"you,","start":2558.55,"end":2558.71},{"text":"colleagues.","start":2559.03,"end":2559.59}]},{"text":"I'd like to call now OHCHR for the rest of the briefing, Ravina.","start":2559.83,"end":2564.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'd","start":2559.83,"end":2560.03},{"text":"like","start":2560.03,"end":2560.15},{"text":"to","start":2560.15,"end":2560.31},{"text":"call","start":2560.31,"end":2560.47},{"text":"now","start":2560.47,"end":2560.71},{"text":"OHCHR","start":2560.71,"end":2561.99},{"text":"for","start":2562.39,"end":2562.71},{"text":"the","start":2562.71,"end":2562.79},{"text":"rest","start":2562.79,"end":2563.11},{"text":"of","start":2563.11,"end":2563.27},{"text":"the","start":2563.27,"end":2563.35},{"text":"briefing,","start":2563.35,"end":2563.91},{"text":"Ravina.","start":2563.99,"end":2564.63}]},{"text":"Ravina, thank you very much for being with us.","start":2571.59,"end":2573.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ravina,","start":2571.59,"end":2571.99},{"text":"thank","start":2571.99,"end":2572.23},{"text":"you","start":2572.23,"end":2572.31},{"text":"very","start":2572.31,"end":2572.51},{"text":"much","start":2572.51,"end":2572.79},{"text":"for","start":2572.79,"end":2572.91},{"text":"being","start":2572.91,"end":2573.11},{"text":"with","start":2573.11,"end":2573.35},{"text":"us.","start":2573.35,"end":2573.67}]},{"text":"Today you are not alone.","start":2573.75,"end":2575.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Today","start":2573.75,"end":2574.31},{"text":"you","start":2574.47,"end":2574.71},{"text":"are","start":2574.71,"end":2574.79},{"text":"not","start":2574.79,"end":2575.03},{"text":"alone.","start":2575.03,"end":2575.43}]},{"text":"We have online James Rodhever that, as you all know, is the chief of the Myanmar team in of the Human Rights Office, and he is calling in from Vienna, I think, to tell us about the human rights situation in Myanmar.","start":2575.51,"end":2594.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2575.51,"end":2575.83},{"text":"have","start":2575.83,"end":2576.31},{"text":"online","start":2576.31,"end":2577.27},{"text":"James","start":2577.43,"end":2577.91},{"text":"Rodhever","start":2577.91,"end":2578.71},{"text":"that,","start":2578.71,"end":2578.95},{"text":"as","start":2578.95,"end":2579.19},{"text":"you","start":2579.19,"end":2579.35},{"text":"all","start":2579.75,"end":2580.23},{"text":"know,","start":2580.23,"end":2580.71},{"text":"is","start":2581.11,"end":2581.51},{"text":"the","start":2581.51,"end":2581.87},{"text":"chief","start":2582.07,"end":2582.39},{"text":"of","start":2582.39,"end":2582.47},{"text":"the","start":2582.47,"end":2582.59},{"text":"Myanmar","start":2582.59,"end":2583.03},{"text":"team","start":2583.03,"end":2583.43},{"text":"in","start":2584.07,"end":2584.87},{"text":"of","start":2586.83,"end":2586.95},{"text":"the","start":2586.95,"end":2587.07},{"text":"Human","start":2587.07,"end":2587.31},{"text":"Rights","start":2587.31,"end":2587.59},{"text":"Office,","start":2587.59,"end":2588.15},{"text":"and","start":2588.15,"end":2588.63},{"text":"he","start":2588.63,"end":2589.03},{"text":"is","start":2589.03,"end":2589.27},{"text":"calling","start":2589.27,"end":2589.63},{"text":"in","start":2589.63,"end":2589.75},{"text":"from","start":2589.75,"end":2589.99},{"text":"Vienna,","start":2589.99,"end":2590.39},{"text":"I","start":2590.55,"end":2590.63},{"text":"think,","start":2590.71,"end":2591.11},{"text":"to","start":2591.59,"end":2591.67},{"text":"tell","start":2591.67,"end":2591.87},{"text":"us","start":2591.87,"end":2592.03},{"text":"about","start":2592.03,"end":2592.19},{"text":"the","start":2592.19,"end":2592.27},{"text":"human","start":2592.27,"end":2592.55},{"text":"rights","start":2592.55,"end":2592.79},{"text":"situation","start":2592.79,"end":2593.43},{"text":"in","start":2593.43,"end":2593.75},{"text":"Myanmar.","start":2593.75,"end":2594.39}]},{"text":"There's a new report.","start":2594.39,"end":2595.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There's","start":2594.39,"end":2594.67},{"text":"a","start":2594.67,"end":2594.71},{"text":"new","start":2594.71,"end":2594.79},{"text":"report.","start":2594.79,"end":2595.35}]},{"text":"Um, maybe just, no, I'll, I'll, I'll let you make the remarks and then I have a little note from the Secretary General.","start":2596.07,"end":2602.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Um,","start":2596.07,"end":2596.23},{"text":"maybe","start":2596.47,"end":2597.19},{"text":"just,","start":2597.27,"end":2597.71},{"text":"no,","start":2597.71,"end":2597.87},{"text":"I'll,","start":2597.87,"end":2598.07},{"text":"I'll,","start":2598.07,"end":2598.31},{"text":"I'll","start":2598.31,"end":2598.51},{"text":"let","start":2598.51,"end":2598.67},{"text":"you","start":2598.67,"end":2598.75},{"text":"make","start":2598.75,"end":2598.95},{"text":"the","start":2598.95,"end":2599.07},{"text":"remarks","start":2599.07,"end":2599.43},{"text":"and","start":2599.43,"end":2599.55},{"text":"then","start":2599.55,"end":2599.75},{"text":"I","start":2599.75,"end":2599.83},{"text":"have","start":2599.83,"end":2600.11},{"text":"a","start":2600.11,"end":2600.15},{"text":"little","start":2600.15,"end":2600.55},{"text":"note","start":2600.71,"end":2600.91},{"text":"from","start":2600.91,"end":2601.07},{"text":"the","start":2601.07,"end":2601.15},{"text":"Secretary","start":2601.15,"end":2601.59},{"text":"General.","start":2601.59,"end":2602.07}]},{"text":"I don't know who wants to start, Ravina, or, yeah, go ahead.","start":2602.39,"end":2605.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2602.39,"end":2602.47},{"text":"don't","start":2602.47,"end":2602.79},{"text":"know","start":2602.79,"end":2602.87},{"text":"who","start":2602.87,"end":2602.95},{"text":"wants","start":2602.95,"end":2603.19},{"text":"to","start":2603.19,"end":2603.27},{"text":"start,","start":2603.27,"end":2603.59},{"text":"Ravina,","start":2603.59,"end":2603.99},{"text":"or,","start":2603.99,"end":2604.39},{"text":"yeah,","start":2604.55,"end":2604.87},{"text":"go","start":2605.11,"end":2605.27},{"text":"ahead.","start":2605.27,"end":2605.51}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":34,"start":2607.75,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=2608","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":2607.75,"end":2608.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2607.75,"end":2608.03},{"text":"you.","start":2608.03,"end":2608.19}]},{"text":"Good morning, everyone.","start":2608.19,"end":2609.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":2608.19,"end":2608.35},{"text":"morning,","start":2608.35,"end":2608.67},{"text":"everyone.","start":2608.67,"end":2609.39}]},{"text":"You know James Rodheaver well.","start":2609.87,"end":2611.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":2609.87,"end":2610.03},{"text":"know","start":2610.03,"end":2610.27},{"text":"James","start":2610.27,"end":2610.59},{"text":"Rodheaver","start":2610.59,"end":2611.11},{"text":"well.","start":2611.11,"end":2611.47}]},{"text":"He has been covering he's been coming to you to speak about Myanmar for quite a while now.","start":2611.79,"end":2615.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"He","start":2611.79,"end":2611.95},{"text":"has","start":2611.95,"end":2612.11},{"text":"been","start":2612.11,"end":2612.27},{"text":"covering","start":2612.27,"end":2612.75},{"text":"he's","start":2612.91,"end":2613.15},{"text":"been","start":2613.15,"end":2613.55},{"text":"coming","start":2613.55,"end":2613.79},{"text":"to","start":2613.79,"end":2613.87},{"text":"you","start":2613.87,"end":2613.95},{"text":"to","start":2613.95,"end":2614.07},{"text":"speak","start":2614.07,"end":2614.27},{"text":"about","start":2614.27,"end":2614.43},{"text":"Myanmar","start":2614.43,"end":2614.79},{"text":"for","start":2614.79,"end":2614.91},{"text":"quite","start":2614.91,"end":2615.11},{"text":"a","start":2615.11,"end":2615.15},{"text":"while","start":2615.15,"end":2615.39},{"text":"now.","start":2615.39,"end":2615.71}]},{"text":"The reason he's presenting from Vienna this time is because he's actually moving on to another assignment with our office.","start":2616.27,"end":2623.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2616.27,"end":2616.39},{"text":"reason","start":2616.39,"end":2616.71},{"text":"he's","start":2616.71,"end":2616.95},{"text":"presenting","start":2616.95,"end":2617.39},{"text":"from","start":2617.39,"end":2617.63},{"text":"Vienna","start":2617.87,"end":2618.51},{"text":"this","start":2618.59,"end":2618.75},{"text":"time","start":2618.75,"end":2619.15},{"text":"is","start":2619.15,"end":2619.63},{"text":"because","start":2619.79,"end":2620.07},{"text":"he's","start":2620.07,"end":2620.31},{"text":"actually","start":2620.31,"end":2620.59},{"text":"moving","start":2620.59,"end":2620.87},{"text":"on","start":2620.87,"end":2621.07},{"text":"to","start":2621.07,"end":2621.15},{"text":"another","start":2621.15,"end":2621.47},{"text":"assignment","start":2621.47,"end":2622.27},{"text":"with","start":2622.27,"end":2622.43},{"text":"our","start":2622.43,"end":2622.59},{"text":"office.","start":2622.59,"end":2623.07}]},{"text":"So this will be his last press briefing to you on the topic of Myanmar.","start":2623.71,"end":2627.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2623.71,"end":2623.83},{"text":"this","start":2623.83,"end":2624.03},{"text":"will","start":2624.03,"end":2624.19},{"text":"be","start":2624.19,"end":2624.31},{"text":"his","start":2624.31,"end":2624.47},{"text":"last","start":2624.51,"end":2624.91},{"text":"press","start":2624.91,"end":2625.23},{"text":"briefing","start":2625.23,"end":2625.55},{"text":"to","start":2625.55,"end":2625.67},{"text":"you","start":2625.67,"end":2625.87},{"text":"on","start":2626.19,"end":2626.51},{"text":"the","start":2626.51,"end":2626.59},{"text":"topic","start":2626.59,"end":2626.99},{"text":"of","start":2626.99,"end":2627.23},{"text":"Myanmar.","start":2627.23,"end":2627.79}]},{"text":"Before I pass the floor to him, I'll just read out bits of our press release, which we've issued a short while ago.","start":2628.91,"end":2635.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Before","start":2628.91,"end":2629.31},{"text":"I","start":2629.31,"end":2629.55},{"text":"pass","start":2629.55,"end":2629.87},{"text":"the","start":2629.87,"end":2629.95},{"text":"floor","start":2629.95,"end":2630.19},{"text":"to","start":2630.19,"end":2630.31},{"text":"him,","start":2630.31,"end":2630.59},{"text":"I'll","start":2630.59,"end":2630.83},{"text":"just","start":2630.83,"end":2631.15},{"text":"read","start":2631.15,"end":2631.31},{"text":"out","start":2631.31,"end":2631.63},{"text":"bits","start":2631.79,"end":2632.11},{"text":"of","start":2632.11,"end":2632.19},{"text":"our","start":2632.19,"end":2632.27},{"text":"press","start":2632.27,"end":2632.59},{"text":"release,","start":2632.59,"end":2632.99},{"text":"which","start":2633.03,"end":2633.31},{"text":"we've","start":2633.31,"end":2633.59},{"text":"issued","start":2633.59,"end":2634.07},{"text":"a","start":2634.07,"end":2634.11},{"text":"short","start":2634.11,"end":2634.39},{"text":"while","start":2634.39,"end":2634.75},{"text":"ago.","start":2634.75,"end":2635.15}]},{"text":"You should have also received the report.","start":2635.55,"end":2637.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":2635.55,"end":2635.67},{"text":"should","start":2635.67,"end":2635.83},{"text":"have","start":2635.83,"end":2635.95},{"text":"also","start":2635.95,"end":2636.15},{"text":"received","start":2636.15,"end":2636.55},{"text":"the","start":2636.55,"end":2636.67},{"text":"report.","start":2636.67,"end":2637.39}]},{"text":"This is a Human Rights Council report by our office on the situation in Myanmar.","start":2637.55,"end":2642.19,"topics":[{"key":"myanmar-rights-crisis","label":"Myanmar Human Rights Crisis","description":"Several statements described a severe deterioration of human rights in Myanmar, marked by military violence, airstrikes, arbitrary killings, forced recruitment, and the collapse of the rule of law. The crisis was framed as nationwide and worsening, with both the military and other armed actors implicated in abuses."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2637.55,"end":2637.71},{"text":"is","start":2637.71,"end":2637.83},{"text":"a","start":2637.83,"end":2637.87},{"text":"Human","start":2637.87,"end":2638.11},{"text":"Rights","start":2638.11,"end":2638.35},{"text":"Council","start":2638.35,"end":2638.83},{"text":"report","start":2638.83,"end":2639.39},{"text":"by","start":2639.87,"end":2640.19},{"text":"our","start":2640.19,"end":2640.35},{"text":"office","start":2640.35,"end":2640.75},{"text":"on","start":2640.75,"end":2640.99},{"text":"the","start":2640.99,"end":2641.07},{"text":"situation","start":2641.07,"end":2641.55},{"text":"in","start":2641.55,"end":2641.71},{"text":"Myanmar.","start":2641.71,"end":2642.19}]},{"text":"The human rights situation in Myanmar has plummeted to a new low, from the ever-worsening brutal abuse of the Rohingya population to the devastating impact of illicit economies, notably illegal mining for rare earths.","start":2644.11,"end":2657.47,"topics":[{"key":"myanmar-rights-crisis","label":"Myanmar Human Rights Crisis","description":"Several statements described a severe deterioration of human rights in Myanmar, marked by military violence, airstrikes, arbitrary killings, forced recruitment, and the collapse of the rule of law. The crisis was framed as nationwide and worsening, with both the military and other armed actors implicated in abuses."},{"key":"rohingya-abuses","label":"Rohingya Abuses and Displacement","description":"Speakers highlighted ongoing widespread and systematic abuses against the Rohingya, including torture, forced labour, recruitment, arbitrary detention, and renewed displacement. The discussion also referenced the continuing outflow of Rohingya to Bangladesh and other destinations since the escalation in Rakhine State."},{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2644.11,"end":2644.23},{"text":"human","start":2644.23,"end":2644.51},{"text":"rights","start":2644.51,"end":2644.71},{"text":"situation","start":2644.71,"end":2645.31},{"text":"in","start":2645.31,"end":2645.39},{"text":"Myanmar","start":2645.39,"end":2645.95},{"text":"has","start":2645.95,"end":2646.19},{"text":"plummeted","start":2646.19,"end":2646.83},{"text":"to","start":2646.83,"end":2647.07},{"text":"a","start":2647.07,"end":2647.15},{"text":"new","start":2647.15,"end":2647.39},{"text":"low,","start":2647.39,"end":2647.71},{"text":"from","start":2648.11,"end":2648.35},{"text":"the","start":2648.35,"end":2648.47},{"text":"ever-worsening","start":2648.51,"end":2649.39},{"text":"brutal","start":2649.39,"end":2649.87},{"text":"abuse","start":2649.87,"end":2650.35},{"text":"of","start":2650.35,"end":2650.51},{"text":"the","start":2650.51,"end":2650.59},{"text":"Rohingya","start":2650.59,"end":2650.99},{"text":"population","start":2650.99,"end":2651.79},{"text":"to","start":2652.11,"end":2652.23},{"text":"the","start":2652.23,"end":2652.31},{"text":"devastating","start":2652.31,"end":2653.07},{"text":"impact","start":2653.07,"end":2653.63},{"text":"of","start":2653.63,"end":2653.87},{"text":"illicit","start":2653.87,"end":2654.35},{"text":"economies,","start":2654.35,"end":2655.15},{"text":"notably","start":2655.31,"end":2655.79},{"text":"illegal","start":2655.79,"end":2656.11},{"text":"mining","start":2656.11,"end":2656.55},{"text":"for","start":2656.55,"end":2656.71},{"text":"rare","start":2656.71,"end":2657.15},{"text":"earths.","start":2657.15,"end":2657.47}]},{"text":"Our report details how unrelenting violence and a conflict economy work hand in hand to expose civilian populations to untold misery.","start":2658.43,"end":2666.51,"topics":[{"key":"myanmar-rights-crisis","label":"Myanmar Human Rights Crisis","description":"Several statements described a severe deterioration of human rights in Myanmar, marked by military violence, airstrikes, arbitrary killings, forced recruitment, and the collapse of the rule of law. The crisis was framed as nationwide and worsening, with both the military and other armed actors implicated in abuses."},{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":2658.43,"end":2658.55},{"text":"report","start":2658.55,"end":2658.95},{"text":"details","start":2658.95,"end":2659.39},{"text":"how","start":2659.39,"end":2659.63},{"text":"unrelenting","start":2659.63,"end":2660.35},{"text":"violence","start":2660.35,"end":2660.83},{"text":"and","start":2660.83,"end":2660.95},{"text":"a","start":2660.95,"end":2660.99},{"text":"conflict","start":2660.99,"end":2661.55},{"text":"economy","start":2661.55,"end":2662.11},{"text":"work","start":2662.35,"end":2662.63},{"text":"hand","start":2662.63,"end":2662.91},{"text":"in","start":2662.91,"end":2663.07},{"text":"hand","start":2663.07,"end":2663.35},{"text":"to","start":2663.35,"end":2663.47},{"text":"expose","start":2663.47,"end":2663.95},{"text":"civilian","start":2663.95,"end":2664.43},{"text":"populations","start":2664.43,"end":2665.15},{"text":"to","start":2665.15,"end":2665.27},{"text":"untold","start":2665.27,"end":2665.87},{"text":"misery.","start":2665.87,"end":2666.51}]},{"text":"Military tactics aimed at imposing fear and control, facilitated by the use of new technologies to expand surveillance, permeate every aspect of life.","start":2667.39,"end":2676.35,"topics":[{"key":"myanmar-rights-crisis","label":"Myanmar Human Rights Crisis","description":"Several statements described a severe deterioration of human rights in Myanmar, marked by military violence, airstrikes, arbitrary killings, forced recruitment, and the collapse of the rule of law. The crisis was framed as nationwide and worsening, with both the military and other armed actors implicated in abuses."}],"words":[{"text":"Military","start":2667.39,"end":2667.87},{"text":"tactics","start":2667.87,"end":2668.43},{"text":"aimed","start":2668.51,"end":2668.79},{"text":"at","start":2668.79,"end":2668.87},{"text":"imposing","start":2668.87,"end":2669.31},{"text":"fear","start":2669.31,"end":2669.59},{"text":"and","start":2669.59,"end":2669.71},{"text":"control,","start":2669.71,"end":2670.27},{"text":"facilitated","start":2670.27,"end":2671.23},{"text":"by","start":2671.23,"end":2671.39},{"text":"the","start":2671.39,"end":2671.51},{"text":"use","start":2671.51,"end":2671.71},{"text":"of","start":2671.71,"end":2671.79},{"text":"new","start":2671.79,"end":2672.03},{"text":"technologies","start":2672.03,"end":2672.67},{"text":"to","start":2672.67,"end":2672.79},{"text":"expand","start":2672.79,"end":2673.19},{"text":"surveillance,","start":2673.19,"end":2673.87},{"text":"permeate","start":2674.19,"end":2674.83},{"text":"every","start":2674.83,"end":2675.23},{"text":"aspect","start":2675.23,"end":2675.79},{"text":"of","start":2675.79,"end":2675.87},{"text":"life.","start":2675.87,"end":2676.35}]},{"text":"Highlighting acts of military violence against the civilian population, our report notes the persistent use of airstrikes, arson attacks, displacement, and denial of assistance.","start":2677.79,"end":2687.55,"topics":[{"key":"myanmar-rights-crisis","label":"Myanmar Human Rights Crisis","description":"Several statements described a severe deterioration of human rights in Myanmar, marked by military violence, airstrikes, arbitrary killings, forced recruitment, and the collapse of the rule of law. The crisis was framed as nationwide and worsening, with both the military and other armed actors implicated in abuses."}],"words":[{"text":"Highlighting","start":2677.79,"end":2678.27},{"text":"acts","start":2678.27,"end":2678.59},{"text":"of","start":2678.59,"end":2678.75},{"text":"military","start":2678.75,"end":2679.19},{"text":"violence","start":2679.19,"end":2679.67},{"text":"against","start":2679.67,"end":2679.95},{"text":"the","start":2679.95,"end":2680.03},{"text":"civilian","start":2680.03,"end":2680.43},{"text":"population,","start":2680.43,"end":2681.23},{"text":"our","start":2681.55,"end":2681.67},{"text":"report","start":2681.67,"end":2682.03},{"text":"notes","start":2682.03,"end":2682.35},{"text":"the","start":2682.35,"end":2682.43},{"text":"persistent","start":2682.43,"end":2683.07},{"text":"use","start":2683.07,"end":2683.31},{"text":"of","start":2683.31,"end":2683.47},{"text":"airstrikes,","start":2683.47,"end":2684.27},{"text":"arson","start":2684.27,"end":2684.75},{"text":"attacks,","start":2684.75,"end":2685.23},{"text":"displacement,","start":2685.23,"end":2686.11},{"text":"and","start":2686.11,"end":2686.31},{"text":"denial","start":2686.31,"end":2686.75},{"text":"of","start":2686.75,"end":2686.83},{"text":"assistance.","start":2686.83,"end":2687.55}]},{"text":"It also details the commission by both the Myanmar military and the Arakan Army of widespread and systematic violations and abuses against the Rohingya, nine years since the terrible violence of 2017 that forced hundreds of thousands to flee.","start":2688.19,"end":2703.15,"topics":[{"key":"myanmar-rights-crisis","label":"Myanmar Human Rights Crisis","description":"Several statements described a severe deterioration of human rights in Myanmar, marked by military violence, airstrikes, arbitrary killings, forced recruitment, and the collapse of the rule of law. The crisis was framed as nationwide and worsening, with both the military and other armed actors implicated in abuses."},{"key":"rohingya-abuses","label":"Rohingya Abuses and Displacement","description":"Speakers highlighted ongoing widespread and systematic abuses against the Rohingya, including torture, forced labour, recruitment, arbitrary detention, and renewed displacement. The discussion also referenced the continuing outflow of Rohingya to Bangladesh and other destinations since the escalation in Rakhine State."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2688.19,"end":2688.31},{"text":"also","start":2688.31,"end":2688.59},{"text":"details","start":2688.59,"end":2689.07},{"text":"the","start":2689.07,"end":2689.15},{"text":"commission","start":2689.15,"end":2689.79},{"text":"by","start":2690.11,"end":2690.27},{"text":"both","start":2690.27,"end":2690.59},{"text":"the","start":2690.59,"end":2690.75},{"text":"Myanmar","start":2690.75,"end":2691.15},{"text":"military","start":2691.15,"end":2691.71},{"text":"and","start":2691.71,"end":2692.07},{"text":"the","start":2692.07,"end":2692.15},{"text":"Arakan","start":2692.15,"end":2692.59},{"text":"Army","start":2692.59,"end":2693.07},{"text":"of","start":2693.47,"end":2693.71},{"text":"widespread","start":2693.71,"end":2694.35},{"text":"and","start":2694.35,"end":2694.51},{"text":"systematic","start":2694.51,"end":2695.23},{"text":"violations","start":2695.23,"end":2695.75},{"text":"and","start":2695.75,"end":2695.87},{"text":"abuses","start":2695.87,"end":2696.27},{"text":"against","start":2696.27,"end":2696.63},{"text":"the","start":2696.63,"end":2696.71},{"text":"Rohingya,","start":2696.71,"end":2697.23},{"text":"nine","start":2697.71,"end":2698.03},{"text":"years","start":2698.03,"end":2698.43},{"text":"since","start":2698.51,"end":2698.91},{"text":"the","start":2698.91,"end":2698.99},{"text":"terrible","start":2698.99,"end":2699.47},{"text":"violence","start":2699.47,"end":2700.03},{"text":"of","start":2700.03,"end":2700.11},{"text":"2017","start":2700.11,"end":2700.99},{"text":"that","start":2700.99,"end":2701.23},{"text":"forced","start":2701.23,"end":2701.55},{"text":"hundreds","start":2701.55,"end":2701.95},{"text":"of","start":2701.95,"end":2702.03},{"text":"thousands","start":2702.03,"end":2702.67},{"text":"to","start":2702.67,"end":2702.79},{"text":"flee.","start":2702.79,"end":2703.15}]},{"text":"Across northern Rakhine, the Arakan Army has perpetrated arbitrary arrests, torture, sexual and gender-based violence, enforced disappearance, forced labor and recruitment, unlawful confiscation of land and residential property, and the destruction of villages, religious and cultural sites, causing renewed Rohingya displacement.","start":2704.59,"end":2723.75,"topics":[{"key":"rohingya-abuses","label":"Rohingya Abuses and Displacement","description":"Speakers highlighted ongoing widespread and systematic abuses against the Rohingya, including torture, forced labour, recruitment, arbitrary detention, and renewed displacement. The discussion also referenced the continuing outflow of Rohingya to Bangladesh and other destinations since the escalation in Rakhine State."}],"words":[{"text":"Across","start":2704.59,"end":2704.91},{"text":"northern","start":2704.91,"end":2705.27},{"text":"Rakhine,","start":2705.27,"end":2705.67},{"text":"the","start":2705.67,"end":2705.79},{"text":"Arakan","start":2705.79,"end":2706.23},{"text":"Army","start":2706.23,"end":2706.47},{"text":"has","start":2706.47,"end":2706.63},{"text":"perpetrated","start":2706.63,"end":2707.19},{"text":"arbitrary","start":2707.19,"end":2707.83},{"text":"arrests,","start":2707.83,"end":2708.31},{"text":"torture,","start":2708.31,"end":2708.95},{"text":"sexual","start":2708.95,"end":2709.51},{"text":"and","start":2709.51,"end":2709.63},{"text":"gender-based","start":2709.63,"end":2710.23},{"text":"violence,","start":2710.23,"end":2710.79},{"text":"enforced","start":2711.11,"end":2711.63},{"text":"disappearance,","start":2711.63,"end":2712.39},{"text":"forced","start":2712.47,"end":2712.79},{"text":"labor","start":2712.79,"end":2713.15},{"text":"and","start":2713.15,"end":2713.27},{"text":"recruitment,","start":2713.27,"end":2713.99},{"text":"unlawful","start":2714.43,"end":2714.95},{"text":"confiscation","start":2714.95,"end":2715.83},{"text":"of","start":2715.83,"end":2715.91},{"text":"land","start":2715.91,"end":2716.31},{"text":"and","start":2716.31,"end":2716.43},{"text":"residential","start":2716.43,"end":2717.03},{"text":"property,","start":2717.03,"end":2717.59},{"text":"and","start":2717.87,"end":2718.03},{"text":"the","start":2718.03,"end":2718.11},{"text":"destruction","start":2718.11,"end":2718.79},{"text":"of","start":2718.79,"end":2718.99},{"text":"villages,","start":2718.99,"end":2719.59},{"text":"religious","start":2719.59,"end":2720.15},{"text":"and","start":2720.15,"end":2720.39},{"text":"cultural","start":2720.39,"end":2720.87},{"text":"sites,","start":2720.87,"end":2721.43},{"text":"causing","start":2721.67,"end":2722.07},{"text":"renewed","start":2722.07,"end":2722.55},{"text":"Rohingya","start":2722.55,"end":2722.95},{"text":"displacement.","start":2722.95,"end":2723.75}]},{"text":"Children are systematically used for labour, with witnesses describing workers as young as six years old clearing jungle, constructing buildings, and doing menial work for Rakhine families.","start":2725.39,"end":2735.79,"topics":[{"key":"rohingya-abuses","label":"Rohingya Abuses and Displacement","description":"Speakers highlighted ongoing widespread and systematic abuses against the Rohingya, including torture, forced labour, recruitment, arbitrary detention, and renewed displacement. The discussion also referenced the continuing outflow of Rohingya to Bangladesh and other destinations since the escalation in Rakhine State."}],"words":[{"text":"Children","start":2725.39,"end":2725.79},{"text":"are","start":2725.79,"end":2725.87},{"text":"systematically","start":2725.87,"end":2726.75},{"text":"used","start":2726.75,"end":2727.07},{"text":"for","start":2727.07,"end":2727.19},{"text":"labour,","start":2727.19,"end":2727.71},{"text":"with","start":2727.95,"end":2728.11},{"text":"witnesses","start":2728.11,"end":2728.59},{"text":"describing","start":2728.59,"end":2729.23},{"text":"workers","start":2729.23,"end":2729.79},{"text":"as","start":2729.79,"end":2729.87},{"text":"young","start":2729.87,"end":2730.03},{"text":"as","start":2730.03,"end":2730.15},{"text":"six","start":2730.15,"end":2730.59},{"text":"years","start":2730.59,"end":2730.91},{"text":"old","start":2730.91,"end":2731.23},{"text":"clearing","start":2731.23,"end":2731.71},{"text":"jungle,","start":2731.71,"end":2732.19},{"text":"constructing","start":2732.19,"end":2732.83},{"text":"buildings,","start":2732.83,"end":2733.39},{"text":"and","start":2733.39,"end":2733.59},{"text":"doing","start":2733.59,"end":2733.87},{"text":"menial","start":2733.87,"end":2734.19},{"text":"work","start":2734.19,"end":2734.59},{"text":"for","start":2734.59,"end":2734.71},{"text":"Rakhine","start":2734.71,"end":2735.07},{"text":"families.","start":2735.07,"end":2735.79}]},{"text":"In one case, a child was forced to clear bones and skulls of the victims of a massacre.","start":2736.35,"end":2742.03,"topics":[{"key":"rohingya-abuses","label":"Rohingya Abuses and Displacement","description":"Speakers highlighted ongoing widespread and systematic abuses against the Rohingya, including torture, forced labour, recruitment, arbitrary detention, and renewed displacement. The discussion also referenced the continuing outflow of Rohingya to Bangladesh and other destinations since the escalation in Rakhine State."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2736.35,"end":2736.51},{"text":"one","start":2736.51,"end":2736.67},{"text":"case,","start":2736.67,"end":2737.15},{"text":"a","start":2737.15,"end":2737.23},{"text":"child","start":2737.23,"end":2737.71},{"text":"was","start":2737.71,"end":2737.95},{"text":"forced","start":2737.95,"end":2738.31},{"text":"to","start":2738.31,"end":2738.39},{"text":"clear","start":2738.39,"end":2738.67},{"text":"bones","start":2738.67,"end":2739.23},{"text":"and","start":2739.23,"end":2739.47},{"text":"skulls","start":2739.47,"end":2740.11},{"text":"of","start":2740.39,"end":2740.51},{"text":"the","start":2740.51,"end":2740.59},{"text":"victims","start":2740.59,"end":2741.15},{"text":"of","start":2741.19,"end":2741.27},{"text":"a","start":2741.31,"end":2741.39},{"text":"massacre.","start":2741.39,"end":2742.03}]},{"text":"Interviewees report the arrest and detention of Rohingya attempting to escape forced recruitment, with cases of Rohingya girls resorting to early marriage in the hope that married girls were less likely to be forcibly recruited.","start":2743.39,"end":2754.51,"topics":[{"key":"rohingya-abuses","label":"Rohingya Abuses and Displacement","description":"Speakers highlighted ongoing widespread and systematic abuses against the Rohingya, including torture, forced labour, recruitment, arbitrary detention, and renewed displacement. The discussion also referenced the continuing outflow of Rohingya to Bangladesh and other destinations since the escalation in Rakhine State."}],"words":[{"text":"Interviewees","start":2743.39,"end":2743.95},{"text":"report","start":2743.95,"end":2744.43},{"text":"the","start":2744.43,"end":2744.55},{"text":"arrest","start":2744.55,"end":2744.83},{"text":"and","start":2744.83,"end":2744.95},{"text":"detention","start":2744.95,"end":2745.43},{"text":"of","start":2745.43,"end":2745.55},{"text":"Rohingya","start":2745.55,"end":2746.07},{"text":"attempting","start":2746.07,"end":2746.43},{"text":"to","start":2746.43,"end":2746.55},{"text":"escape","start":2746.55,"end":2746.99},{"text":"forced","start":2746.99,"end":2747.31},{"text":"recruitment,","start":2747.31,"end":2748.03},{"text":"with","start":2748.27,"end":2748.39},{"text":"cases","start":2748.39,"end":2748.75},{"text":"of","start":2748.75,"end":2748.83},{"text":"Rohingya","start":2748.83,"end":2749.19},{"text":"girls","start":2749.19,"end":2749.55},{"text":"resorting","start":2749.55,"end":2750.11},{"text":"to","start":2750.11,"end":2750.23},{"text":"early","start":2750.23,"end":2750.55},{"text":"marriage","start":2750.55,"end":2750.99},{"text":"in","start":2750.99,"end":2751.11},{"text":"the","start":2751.11,"end":2751.23},{"text":"hope","start":2751.23,"end":2751.47},{"text":"that","start":2751.47,"end":2751.63},{"text":"married","start":2751.63,"end":2751.95},{"text":"girls","start":2751.95,"end":2752.35},{"text":"were","start":2752.35,"end":2752.51},{"text":"less","start":2752.51,"end":2752.75},{"text":"likely","start":2752.75,"end":2753.23},{"text":"to","start":2753.23,"end":2753.35},{"text":"be","start":2753.35,"end":2753.47},{"text":"forcibly","start":2753.47,"end":2753.95},{"text":"recruited.","start":2753.95,"end":2754.51}]},{"text":"And once detained, individuals report being routinely subjected to ill treatment, with former detainees describing beatings with bamboo, rubber pipes and belts, being burnt with matches and cigarettes, being hung upside down with their bodies spun until they passed out, chili being applied to genitals, and removals of fingernails.","start":2755.79,"end":2777.95,"topics":[{"key":"rohingya-abuses","label":"Rohingya Abuses and Displacement","description":"Speakers highlighted ongoing widespread and systematic abuses against the Rohingya, including torture, forced labour, recruitment, arbitrary detention, and renewed displacement. The discussion also referenced the continuing outflow of Rohingya to Bangladesh and other destinations since the escalation in Rakhine State."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2755.79,"end":2755.99},{"text":"once","start":2755.99,"end":2756.27},{"text":"detained,","start":2756.27,"end":2756.91},{"text":"individuals","start":2756.91,"end":2757.55},{"text":"report","start":2757.55,"end":2758.03},{"text":"being","start":2758.03,"end":2758.27},{"text":"routinely","start":2758.51,"end":2759.31},{"text":"subjected","start":2759.31,"end":2759.83},{"text":"to","start":2759.83,"end":2759.91},{"text":"ill","start":2759.91,"end":2760.11},{"text":"treatment,","start":2760.11,"end":2760.75},{"text":"with","start":2761.79,"end":2762.03},{"text":"former","start":2762.03,"end":2762.35},{"text":"detainees","start":2762.35,"end":2762.87},{"text":"describing","start":2762.87,"end":2763.43},{"text":"beatings","start":2763.43,"end":2764.03},{"text":"with","start":2764.03,"end":2764.23},{"text":"bamboo,","start":2764.51,"end":2765.15},{"text":"rubber","start":2765.47,"end":2765.87},{"text":"pipes","start":2765.87,"end":2766.35},{"text":"and","start":2766.35,"end":2766.51},{"text":"belts,","start":2766.51,"end":2767.07},{"text":"being","start":2767.47,"end":2767.79},{"text":"burnt","start":2767.79,"end":2768.15},{"text":"with","start":2768.15,"end":2768.35},{"text":"matches","start":2768.35,"end":2768.79},{"text":"and","start":2768.79,"end":2768.91},{"text":"cigarettes,","start":2768.91,"end":2769.63},{"text":"being","start":2769.91,"end":2770.19},{"text":"hung","start":2770.19,"end":2770.51},{"text":"upside","start":2770.51,"end":2770.95},{"text":"down","start":2770.95,"end":2771.23},{"text":"with","start":2771.23,"end":2771.35},{"text":"their","start":2771.35,"end":2771.47},{"text":"bodies","start":2771.47,"end":2771.83},{"text":"spun","start":2771.83,"end":2772.27},{"text":"until","start":2772.27,"end":2772.59},{"text":"they","start":2772.59,"end":2772.67},{"text":"passed","start":2772.67,"end":2773.07},{"text":"out,","start":2773.07,"end":2773.47},{"text":"chili","start":2773.87,"end":2774.35},{"text":"being","start":2774.35,"end":2774.63},{"text":"applied","start":2774.63,"end":2775.03},{"text":"to","start":2775.03,"end":2775.23},{"text":"genitals,","start":2775.23,"end":2776.03},{"text":"and","start":2776.27,"end":2776.43},{"text":"removals","start":2776.43,"end":2777.07},{"text":"of","start":2777.07,"end":2777.19},{"text":"fingernails.","start":2777.19,"end":2777.95}]},{"text":"The absence of the rule of law across Myanmar has acted as an enabler for illicit economies in the country, helping to finance the conflict, worsen the crisis, and with impacts on the wider region.","start":2779.31,"end":2789.31,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2779.31,"end":2779.35},{"text":"absence","start":2779.35,"end":2779.71},{"text":"of","start":2779.71,"end":2779.79},{"text":"the","start":2779.79,"end":2779.91},{"text":"rule","start":2779.91,"end":2780.11},{"text":"of","start":2780.11,"end":2780.19},{"text":"law","start":2780.19,"end":2780.39},{"text":"across","start":2780.39,"end":2780.75},{"text":"Myanmar","start":2780.75,"end":2781.15},{"text":"has","start":2781.15,"end":2781.31},{"text":"acted","start":2781.31,"end":2781.63},{"text":"as","start":2781.63,"end":2781.75},{"text":"an","start":2781.75,"end":2781.95},{"text":"enabler","start":2781.95,"end":2782.43},{"text":"for","start":2782.43,"end":2782.59},{"text":"illicit","start":2782.59,"end":2782.99},{"text":"economies","start":2782.99,"end":2783.47},{"text":"in","start":2783.47,"end":2783.55},{"text":"the","start":2783.55,"end":2783.67},{"text":"country,","start":2783.67,"end":2784.19},{"text":"helping","start":2784.43,"end":2784.75},{"text":"to","start":2784.75,"end":2784.83},{"text":"finance","start":2784.83,"end":2785.31},{"text":"the","start":2785.31,"end":2785.39},{"text":"conflict,","start":2785.39,"end":2786.03},{"text":"worsen","start":2786.03,"end":2786.51},{"text":"the","start":2786.51,"end":2786.59},{"text":"crisis,","start":2786.59,"end":2787.23},{"text":"and","start":2787.47,"end":2787.63},{"text":"with","start":2787.63,"end":2787.79},{"text":"impacts","start":2787.79,"end":2788.27},{"text":"on","start":2788.27,"end":2788.35},{"text":"the","start":2788.35,"end":2788.43},{"text":"wider","start":2788.43,"end":2788.79},{"text":"region.","start":2788.79,"end":2789.31}]},{"text":"Economic collapse and conflict-induced displacement have also generated a labor market that is easy for economic actors and criminal organizations to exploit, as civilians are lured into a system marred by endless human rights violations and abuses.","start":2790.59,"end":2804.27,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Economic","start":2790.59,"end":2791.11},{"text":"collapse","start":2791.11,"end":2791.51},{"text":"and","start":2791.51,"end":2791.63},{"text":"conflict-induced","start":2791.63,"end":2792.47},{"text":"displacement","start":2792.47,"end":2793.03},{"text":"have","start":2793.03,"end":2793.15},{"text":"also","start":2793.15,"end":2793.31},{"text":"generated","start":2793.31,"end":2793.87},{"text":"a","start":2793.87,"end":2793.91},{"text":"labor","start":2793.91,"end":2794.27},{"text":"market","start":2794.27,"end":2794.71},{"text":"that","start":2794.71,"end":2794.87},{"text":"is","start":2794.87,"end":2795.07},{"text":"easy","start":2795.07,"end":2795.47},{"text":"for","start":2795.47,"end":2795.71},{"text":"economic","start":2795.71,"end":2796.19},{"text":"actors","start":2796.19,"end":2796.71},{"text":"and","start":2796.71,"end":2796.83},{"text":"criminal","start":2796.83,"end":2797.19},{"text":"organizations","start":2797.19,"end":2797.95},{"text":"to","start":2797.95,"end":2798.11},{"text":"exploit,","start":2798.11,"end":2798.83},{"text":"as","start":2799.23,"end":2799.35},{"text":"civilians","start":2799.35,"end":2799.95},{"text":"are","start":2799.95,"end":2800.11},{"text":"lured","start":2800.11,"end":2800.55},{"text":"into","start":2800.55,"end":2800.87},{"text":"a","start":2800.87,"end":2800.91},{"text":"system","start":2800.91,"end":2801.43},{"text":"marred","start":2801.43,"end":2801.79},{"text":"by","start":2801.79,"end":2801.95},{"text":"endless","start":2801.95,"end":2802.39},{"text":"human","start":2802.39,"end":2802.67},{"text":"rights","start":2802.67,"end":2802.91},{"text":"violations","start":2802.91,"end":2803.47},{"text":"and","start":2803.47,"end":2803.59},{"text":"abuses.","start":2803.59,"end":2804.27}]},{"text":"Unregulated exploitation of natural resources has destroyed the environment, livelihoods, and traditional community-based systems in a growing number of areas in the country, and in particular, in minority areas.","start":2805.35,"end":2817.31,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Unregulated","start":2805.35,"end":2806.03},{"text":"exploitation","start":2806.03,"end":2806.75},{"text":"of","start":2806.75,"end":2806.87},{"text":"natural","start":2806.87,"end":2807.27},{"text":"resources","start":2807.27,"end":2807.91},{"text":"has","start":2807.91,"end":2808.07},{"text":"destroyed","start":2808.07,"end":2808.55},{"text":"the","start":2808.55,"end":2808.67},{"text":"environment,","start":2808.67,"end":2809.35},{"text":"livelihoods,","start":2809.67,"end":2810},{"text":"and","start":2810.75,"end":2810.99},{"text":"traditional","start":2810.99,"end":2811.55},{"text":"community-based","start":2811.55,"end":2812.31},{"text":"systems","start":2812.31,"end":2812.83},{"text":"in","start":2812.83,"end":2812.95},{"text":"a","start":2812.95,"end":2812.99},{"text":"growing","start":2812.99,"end":2813.39},{"text":"number","start":2813.39,"end":2813.67},{"text":"of","start":2813.67,"end":2813.79},{"text":"areas","start":2813.79,"end":2814.19},{"text":"in","start":2814.19,"end":2814.27},{"text":"the","start":2814.27,"end":2814.35},{"text":"country,","start":2814.35,"end":2814.83},{"text":"and","start":2815.07,"end":2815.19},{"text":"in","start":2815.19,"end":2815.27},{"text":"particular,","start":2815.27,"end":2815.95},{"text":"in","start":2815.95,"end":2816.07},{"text":"minority","start":2816.07,"end":2816.67},{"text":"areas.","start":2816.67,"end":2817.31}]},{"text":"Findings indicate a peak in trade flows in 2023, amounting to 1.4 billion US dollars.","start":2818.35,"end":2825.47,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Findings","start":2818.35,"end":2818.91},{"text":"indicate","start":2818.91,"end":2819.55},{"text":"a","start":2819.55,"end":2819.63},{"text":"peak","start":2819.63,"end":2820.03},{"text":"in","start":2820.03,"end":2820.19},{"text":"trade","start":2820.19,"end":2820.51},{"text":"flows","start":2820.51,"end":2821.07},{"text":"in","start":2821.07,"end":2821.23},{"text":"2023,","start":2821.23,"end":2822.35},{"text":"amounting","start":2822.43,"end":2822.99},{"text":"to","start":2822.99,"end":2823.15},{"text":"1.4","start":2823.15,"end":2824.11},{"text":"billion","start":2824.11,"end":2824.51},{"text":"US","start":2824.59,"end":2824.87},{"text":"dollars.","start":2824.87,"end":2825.47}]},{"text":"Lack of economic opportunities, displacement, and forced conscription have also triggered an influx of women into the mining sector, aggravating risks of sexual violence and harassment by supervisors, guards, and militia members who operate with absolute impunity.","start":2827.27,"end":2841.59,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Lack","start":2827.27,"end":2827.51},{"text":"of","start":2827.51,"end":2827.59},{"text":"economic","start":2827.59,"end":2828.03},{"text":"opportunities,","start":2828.03,"end":2828.79},{"text":"displacement,","start":2828.79,"end":2829.55},{"text":"and","start":2829.55,"end":2829.67},{"text":"forced","start":2829.67,"end":2829.95},{"text":"conscription","start":2829.95,"end":2830.63},{"text":"have","start":2830.63,"end":2830.83},{"text":"also","start":2830.83,"end":2831.11},{"text":"triggered","start":2831.11,"end":2831.47},{"text":"an","start":2831.47,"end":2831.59},{"text":"influx","start":2831.59,"end":2832.03},{"text":"of","start":2832.03,"end":2832.15},{"text":"women","start":2832.15,"end":2832.55},{"text":"into","start":2832.55,"end":2832.79},{"text":"the","start":2832.79,"end":2832.87},{"text":"mining","start":2832.87,"end":2833.27},{"text":"sector,","start":2833.27,"end":2833.83},{"text":"aggravating","start":2834.07,"end":2834.79},{"text":"risks","start":2834.79,"end":2835.11},{"text":"of","start":2835.11,"end":2835.27},{"text":"sexual","start":2835.27,"end":2835.71},{"text":"violence","start":2835.71,"end":2836.23},{"text":"and","start":2836.23,"end":2836.47},{"text":"harassment","start":2836.47,"end":2837.11},{"text":"by","start":2837.11,"end":2837.23},{"text":"supervisors,","start":2837.23,"end":2838.03},{"text":"guards,","start":2838.03,"end":2838.39},{"text":"and","start":2838.39,"end":2838.51},{"text":"militia","start":2838.51,"end":2838.95},{"text":"members","start":2838.95,"end":2839.59},{"text":"who","start":2839.75,"end":2839.83},{"text":"operate","start":2839.83,"end":2840.31},{"text":"with","start":2840.31,"end":2840.43},{"text":"absolute","start":2840.43,"end":2840.87},{"text":"impunity.","start":2840.87,"end":2841.59}]},{"text":"Toxic wastewater from leaching pools discharged directly into downstream agricultural land also has made the soil barren, or it has significantly affected yield and quality, reducing farmers' incomes.","start":2842.79,"end":2854.47,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Toxic","start":2842.79,"end":2843.19},{"text":"wastewater","start":2843.19,"end":2843.91},{"text":"from","start":2843.91,"end":2844.15},{"text":"leaching","start":2844.15,"end":2844.55},{"text":"pools","start":2844.55,"end":2844.95},{"text":"discharged","start":2844.95,"end":2845.55},{"text":"directly","start":2845.55,"end":2846.03},{"text":"into","start":2846.03,"end":2846.23},{"text":"downstream","start":2846.23,"end":2846.83},{"text":"agricultural","start":2846.83,"end":2847.51},{"text":"land","start":2847.51,"end":2847.83},{"text":"also","start":2847.83,"end":2848.23},{"text":"has","start":2848.23,"end":2848.39},{"text":"made","start":2848.39,"end":2848.55},{"text":"the","start":2848.55,"end":2848.67},{"text":"soil","start":2848.67,"end":2849.07},{"text":"barren,","start":2849.07,"end":2849.59},{"text":"or","start":2849.83,"end":2850.07},{"text":"it","start":2850.07,"end":2850.15},{"text":"has","start":2850.15,"end":2850.35},{"text":"significantly","start":2850.35,"end":2851.07},{"text":"affected","start":2851.07,"end":2851.51},{"text":"yield","start":2851.51,"end":2851.91},{"text":"and","start":2851.91,"end":2852.07},{"text":"quality,","start":2852.07,"end":2852.71},{"text":"reducing","start":2852.71,"end":2853.27},{"text":"farmers'","start":2853.27,"end":2853.75},{"text":"incomes.","start":2853.75,"end":2854.47}]},{"text":"The report depicts a picture of suffering, misery, and cruelty on multiple levels and across the country that is heartbreaking.","start":2855.87,"end":2862.75,"topics":[{"key":"myanmar-rights-crisis","label":"Myanmar Human Rights Crisis","description":"Several statements described a severe deterioration of human rights in Myanmar, marked by military violence, airstrikes, arbitrary killings, forced recruitment, and the collapse of the rule of law. The crisis was framed as nationwide and worsening, with both the military and other armed actors implicated in abuses."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2855.87,"end":2855.99},{"text":"report","start":2855.99,"end":2856.35},{"text":"depicts","start":2856.35,"end":2856.75},{"text":"a","start":2856.75,"end":2856.83},{"text":"picture","start":2856.83,"end":2857.23},{"text":"of","start":2857.23,"end":2857.31},{"text":"suffering,","start":2857.31,"end":2857.87},{"text":"misery,","start":2857.87,"end":2858.35},{"text":"and","start":2858.35,"end":2858.59},{"text":"cruelty","start":2858.59,"end":2859.23},{"text":"on","start":2859.23,"end":2859.39},{"text":"multiple","start":2859.39,"end":2859.95},{"text":"levels","start":2859.95,"end":2860.43},{"text":"and","start":2860.43,"end":2860.55},{"text":"across","start":2860.55,"end":2860.95},{"text":"the","start":2860.95,"end":2861.03},{"text":"country","start":2861.03,"end":2861.47},{"text":"that","start":2861.47,"end":2861.63},{"text":"is","start":2861.63,"end":2861.79},{"text":"heartbreaking.","start":2861.79,"end":2862.75}]},{"text":"We call on all states, companies, and investors to undertake serious soul-searching with respect to their actions or their inaction, and to ask, is this fair and just for the people of Myanmar?","start":2863.55,"end":2875.63,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2863.55,"end":2863.71},{"text":"call","start":2863.71,"end":2863.99},{"text":"on","start":2863.99,"end":2864.11},{"text":"all","start":2864.11,"end":2864.35},{"text":"states,","start":2864.35,"end":2864.91},{"text":"companies,","start":2864.91,"end":2865.63},{"text":"and","start":2865.63,"end":2865.99},{"text":"investors","start":2865.99,"end":2866.59},{"text":"to","start":2866.59,"end":2866.75},{"text":"undertake","start":2866.75,"end":2867.23},{"text":"serious","start":2867.23,"end":2867.75},{"text":"soul-searching","start":2867.75,"end":2868.43},{"text":"with","start":2868.51,"end":2868.67},{"text":"respect","start":2868.67,"end":2869.11},{"text":"to","start":2869.11,"end":2869.19},{"text":"their","start":2869.19,"end":2869.39},{"text":"actions","start":2869.39,"end":2869.95},{"text":"or","start":2869.95,"end":2870.19},{"text":"their","start":2870.19,"end":2870.35},{"text":"inaction,","start":2870.35,"end":2871.15},{"text":"and","start":2871.71,"end":2871.87},{"text":"to","start":2871.87,"end":2871.99},{"text":"ask,","start":2872.03,"end":2872.43},{"text":"is","start":2872.83,"end":2873.07},{"text":"this","start":2873.07,"end":2873.39},{"text":"fair","start":2873.39,"end":2873.79},{"text":"and","start":2873.79,"end":2873.95},{"text":"just","start":2873.95,"end":2874.35},{"text":"for","start":2874.35,"end":2874.51},{"text":"the","start":2874.51,"end":2874.59},{"text":"people","start":2874.59,"end":2874.91},{"text":"of","start":2874.91,"end":2874.99},{"text":"Myanmar?","start":2874.99,"end":2875.63}]},{"text":"Their own reputations and their credibility are on the line.","start":2876.67,"end":2879.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Their","start":2876.67,"end":2876.91},{"text":"own","start":2876.91,"end":2877.07},{"text":"reputations","start":2877.07,"end":2877.87},{"text":"and","start":2877.87,"end":2878.07},{"text":"their","start":2878.07,"end":2878.19},{"text":"credibility","start":2878.19,"end":2878.91},{"text":"are","start":2878.91,"end":2879.31},{"text":"on","start":2879.31,"end":2879.47},{"text":"the","start":2879.47,"end":2879.59},{"text":"line.","start":2879.59,"end":2879.95}]},{"text":"I'll pass the floor now to James.","start":2881.39,"end":2882.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'll","start":2881.39,"end":2881.59},{"text":"pass","start":2881.59,"end":2881.79},{"text":"the","start":2881.79,"end":2881.87},{"text":"floor","start":2881.87,"end":2882.11},{"text":"now","start":2882.11,"end":2882.27},{"text":"to","start":2882.27,"end":2882.43},{"text":"James.","start":2882.43,"end":2882.91}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Ravina","affiliation":"OHCHR","affiliation_full":"OHCHR","group":null,"function":null}},{"statement_number":35,"start":2892.71,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=2893","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":2892.71,"end":2893.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2892.71,"end":2892.95},{"text":"you.","start":2892.95,"end":2893.11}]},{"text":"Today marks nine years since the Myanmar military carried out operations in Rakhine State that killed an estimated 10,000 Rohingya and displaced over 700,000 more to Bangladesh.","start":2896.55,"end":2910.39,"topics":[{"key":"rohingya-abuses","label":"Rohingya Abuses and Displacement","description":"Speakers highlighted ongoing widespread and systematic abuses against the Rohingya, including torture, forced labour, recruitment, arbitrary detention, and renewed displacement. The discussion also referenced the continuing outflow of Rohingya to Bangladesh and other destinations since the escalation in Rakhine State."}],"words":[{"text":"Today","start":2896.55,"end":2896.87},{"text":"marks","start":2896.87,"end":2897.51},{"text":"nine","start":2898.55,"end":2898.95},{"text":"years","start":2898.95,"end":2899.31},{"text":"since","start":2899.31,"end":2899.59},{"text":"the","start":2899.59,"end":2899.67},{"text":"Myanmar","start":2899.67,"end":2900.03},{"text":"military","start":2900.03,"end":2900.55},{"text":"carried","start":2900.55,"end":2900.87},{"text":"out","start":2900.87,"end":2901.03},{"text":"operations","start":2901.03,"end":2901.71},{"text":"in","start":2901.71,"end":2901.83},{"text":"Rakhine","start":2901.83,"end":2902.31},{"text":"State","start":2902.31,"end":2902.87},{"text":"that","start":2903.35,"end":2903.51},{"text":"killed","start":2903.51,"end":2903.91},{"text":"an","start":2903.91,"end":2903.99},{"text":"estimated","start":2903.99,"end":2904.55},{"text":"10,000","start":2904.55,"end":2905.55},{"text":"Rohingya","start":2905.67,"end":2906.47},{"text":"and","start":2906.87,"end":2907.03},{"text":"displaced","start":2907.03,"end":2907.55},{"text":"over","start":2907.55,"end":2907.75},{"text":"700,000","start":2907.75,"end":2908.99},{"text":"more","start":2908.99,"end":2909.43},{"text":"to","start":2909.43,"end":2909.55},{"text":"Bangladesh.","start":2909.55,"end":2910.39}]},{"text":"So it is with this that today we released this report that in part describes some of the ways that the Rohingya community is still being subjected to violations and abuses in a widespread and systematic manner.","start":2911.51,"end":2924.63,"topics":[{"key":"rohingya-abuses","label":"Rohingya Abuses and Displacement","description":"Speakers highlighted ongoing widespread and systematic abuses against the Rohingya, including torture, forced labour, recruitment, arbitrary detention, and renewed displacement. The discussion also referenced the continuing outflow of Rohingya to Bangladesh and other destinations since the escalation in Rakhine State."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2911.51,"end":2911.83},{"text":"it","start":2911.83,"end":2912.03},{"text":"is","start":2912.03,"end":2912.39},{"text":"with","start":2912.55,"end":2912.75},{"text":"this","start":2912.75,"end":2913.19},{"text":"that","start":2913.19,"end":2913.71},{"text":"today","start":2913.71,"end":2913.99},{"text":"we","start":2913.99,"end":2914.15},{"text":"released","start":2914.15,"end":2914.59},{"text":"this","start":2914.59,"end":2914.79},{"text":"report","start":2914.79,"end":2915.19},{"text":"that","start":2915.19,"end":2915.31},{"text":"in","start":2915.31,"end":2915.43},{"text":"part","start":2915.43,"end":2915.75},{"text":"describes","start":2915.75,"end":2916.31},{"text":"some","start":2916.31,"end":2916.51},{"text":"of","start":2916.51,"end":2916.59},{"text":"the","start":2916.59,"end":2916.67},{"text":"ways","start":2916.67,"end":2917.03},{"text":"that","start":2917.03,"end":2917.15},{"text":"the","start":2917.15,"end":2917.23},{"text":"Rohingya","start":2917.23,"end":2917.67},{"text":"community","start":2917.67,"end":2918.39},{"text":"is","start":2919.11,"end":2919.27},{"text":"still","start":2919.27,"end":2919.59},{"text":"being","start":2919.59,"end":2919.91},{"text":"subjected","start":2919.91,"end":2920.43},{"text":"to","start":2920.43,"end":2920.51},{"text":"violations","start":2920.51,"end":2921.19},{"text":"and","start":2921.19,"end":2921.31},{"text":"abuses","start":2921.31,"end":2921.91},{"text":"in","start":2922.23,"end":2922.39},{"text":"a","start":2922.39,"end":2922.47},{"text":"widespread","start":2922.47,"end":2923.31},{"text":"and","start":2923.31,"end":2923.43},{"text":"systematic","start":2923.43,"end":2924.07},{"text":"manner.","start":2924.07,"end":2924.63}]},{"text":"Both the Myanmar military and the Arakan Army continue to perpetrate those violations.","start":2925.35,"end":2931.19,"topics":[{"key":"rohingya-abuses","label":"Rohingya Abuses and Displacement","description":"Speakers highlighted ongoing widespread and systematic abuses against the Rohingya, including torture, forced labour, recruitment, arbitrary detention, and renewed displacement. The discussion also referenced the continuing outflow of Rohingya to Bangladesh and other destinations since the escalation in Rakhine State."},{"key":"myanmar-rights-crisis","label":"Myanmar Human Rights Crisis","description":"Several statements described a severe deterioration of human rights in Myanmar, marked by military violence, airstrikes, arbitrary killings, forced recruitment, and the collapse of the rule of law. The crisis was framed as nationwide and worsening, with both the military and other armed actors implicated in abuses."}],"words":[{"text":"Both","start":2925.35,"end":2925.55},{"text":"the","start":2925.55,"end":2925.67},{"text":"Myanmar","start":2925.67,"end":2926.07},{"text":"military","start":2926.07,"end":2926.79},{"text":"and","start":2926.95,"end":2927.23},{"text":"the","start":2927.23,"end":2927.31},{"text":"Arakan","start":2927.31,"end":2927.83},{"text":"Army","start":2927.83,"end":2928.31},{"text":"continue","start":2928.47,"end":2929.11},{"text":"to","start":2929.11,"end":2929.23},{"text":"perpetrate","start":2929.23,"end":2929.99},{"text":"those","start":2929.99,"end":2930.31},{"text":"violations.","start":2930.31,"end":2931.19}]},{"text":"But that is just one facet of a larger crisis that has engulfed the entire country over the last five and a half years.","start":2931.75,"end":2937.83,"topics":[{"key":"myanmar-rights-crisis","label":"Myanmar Human Rights Crisis","description":"Several statements described a severe deterioration of human rights in Myanmar, marked by military violence, airstrikes, arbitrary killings, forced recruitment, and the collapse of the rule of law. The crisis was framed as nationwide and worsening, with both the military and other armed actors implicated in abuses."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":2931.75,"end":2931.91},{"text":"that","start":2931.91,"end":2932.07},{"text":"is","start":2932.07,"end":2932.15},{"text":"just","start":2932.15,"end":2932.35},{"text":"one","start":2932.35,"end":2932.55},{"text":"facet","start":2932.55,"end":2933.07},{"text":"of","start":2933.07,"end":2933.19},{"text":"a","start":2933.19,"end":2933.27},{"text":"larger","start":2933.27,"end":2933.67},{"text":"crisis","start":2933.67,"end":2934.15},{"text":"that","start":2934.15,"end":2934.31},{"text":"has","start":2934.31,"end":2934.43},{"text":"engulfed","start":2934.43,"end":2934.91},{"text":"the","start":2934.91,"end":2934.99},{"text":"entire","start":2934.99,"end":2935.51},{"text":"country","start":2935.51,"end":2935.95},{"text":"over","start":2935.95,"end":2936.15},{"text":"the","start":2936.15,"end":2936.23},{"text":"last","start":2936.23,"end":2936.55},{"text":"five","start":2936.55,"end":2936.87},{"text":"and","start":2936.87,"end":2936.99},{"text":"a","start":2936.99,"end":2937.03},{"text":"half","start":2937.03,"end":2937.27},{"text":"years.","start":2937.27,"end":2937.83}]},{"text":"Thus far, that crisis has featured the killing of at minimum over 8,302 civilians, 8,302 civilians by the military, including 1,852 women and 1,105 children.","start":2938.55,"end":2957.91,"topics":[{"key":"myanmar-rights-crisis","label":"Myanmar Human Rights Crisis","description":"Several statements described a severe deterioration of human rights in Myanmar, marked by military violence, airstrikes, arbitrary killings, forced recruitment, and the collapse of the rule of law. The crisis was framed as nationwide and worsening, with both the military and other armed actors implicated in abuses."}],"words":[{"text":"Thus","start":2938.55,"end":2938.79},{"text":"far,","start":2938.79,"end":2939.19},{"text":"that","start":2939.19,"end":2939.39},{"text":"crisis","start":2939.39,"end":2940.07},{"text":"has","start":2940.39,"end":2940.71},{"text":"featured","start":2940.71,"end":2941.19},{"text":"the","start":2941.19,"end":2941.27},{"text":"killing","start":2941.27,"end":2941.83},{"text":"of","start":2942.35,"end":2942.55},{"text":"at","start":2942.55,"end":2942.79},{"text":"minimum","start":2942.79,"end":2943.43},{"text":"over","start":2943.59,"end":2944.23},{"text":"8,302","start":2945.19,"end":2947.19},{"text":"civilians,","start":2947.19,"end":2947.91},{"text":"8,302","start":2947.91,"end":2949.27},{"text":"civilians","start":2949.27,"end":2949.75},{"text":"by","start":2949.75,"end":2949.99},{"text":"the","start":2949.99,"end":2950.11},{"text":"military,","start":2950.11,"end":2950.79},{"text":"including","start":2951.11,"end":2951.75},{"text":"1,852","start":2951.75,"end":2953.59},{"text":"women","start":2953.59,"end":2954.07},{"text":"and","start":2954.47,"end":2954.79},{"text":"1,105","start":2954.87,"end":2957.27},{"text":"children.","start":2957.27,"end":2957.91}]},{"text":"Over 2,462 of these civilians have been killed in aerial attacks, including 870 women and 545 children.","start":2958.87,"end":2969.99,"topics":[{"key":"myanmar-rights-crisis","label":"Myanmar Human Rights Crisis","description":"Several statements described a severe deterioration of human rights in Myanmar, marked by military violence, airstrikes, arbitrary killings, forced recruitment, and the collapse of the rule of law. The crisis was framed as nationwide and worsening, with both the military and other armed actors implicated in abuses."}],"words":[{"text":"Over","start":2958.87,"end":2959.19},{"text":"2,462","start":2959.19,"end":2960.99},{"text":"of","start":2960.99,"end":2961.11},{"text":"these","start":2961.11,"end":2961.67},{"text":"civilians","start":2961.75,"end":2962.47},{"text":"have","start":2962.47,"end":2962.63},{"text":"been","start":2962.63,"end":2962.87},{"text":"killed","start":2962.87,"end":2963.15},{"text":"in","start":2963.15,"end":2963.27},{"text":"aerial","start":2963.27,"end":2963.75},{"text":"attacks,","start":2963.75,"end":2964.47},{"text":"including","start":2964.95,"end":2965.51},{"text":"870","start":2965.51,"end":2966.51},{"text":"women","start":2966.55,"end":2967.03},{"text":"and","start":2967.27,"end":2967.75},{"text":"545","start":2967.91,"end":2969.43},{"text":"children.","start":2969.43,"end":2969.99}]},{"text":"Particularly, I would note that just in the last 100 days, at least 146 civilians have been killed in airstrikes.","start":2970.79,"end":2979.51,"topics":[{"key":"myanmar-rights-crisis","label":"Myanmar Human Rights Crisis","description":"Several statements described a severe deterioration of human rights in Myanmar, marked by military violence, airstrikes, arbitrary killings, forced recruitment, and the collapse of the rule of law. The crisis was framed as nationwide and worsening, with both the military and other armed actors implicated in abuses."}],"words":[{"text":"Particularly,","start":2970.79,"end":2971.51},{"text":"I","start":2971.51,"end":2971.59},{"text":"would","start":2971.59,"end":2971.71},{"text":"note","start":2971.71,"end":2972.07},{"text":"that","start":2972.15,"end":2972.43},{"text":"just","start":2972.43,"end":2972.87},{"text":"in","start":2972.87,"end":2973.27},{"text":"the","start":2973.27,"end":2973.47},{"text":"last","start":2973.47,"end":2973.83},{"text":"100","start":2973.83,"end":2974.59},{"text":"days,","start":2974.59,"end":2975.27},{"text":"at","start":2975.59,"end":2975.75},{"text":"least","start":2975.75,"end":2976.03},{"text":"146","start":2976.03,"end":2977.39},{"text":"civilians","start":2977.39,"end":2977.95},{"text":"have","start":2977.95,"end":2978.07},{"text":"been","start":2978.07,"end":2978.31},{"text":"killed","start":2978.31,"end":2978.59},{"text":"in","start":2978.59,"end":2978.71},{"text":"airstrikes.","start":2978.71,"end":2979.51}]},{"text":"And there have been over 657 aerial attacks that have been reported to us over this period.","start":2980.15,"end":2989.03,"topics":[{"key":"myanmar-rights-crisis","label":"Myanmar Human Rights Crisis","description":"Several statements described a severe deterioration of human rights in Myanmar, marked by military violence, airstrikes, arbitrary killings, forced recruitment, and the collapse of the rule of law. The crisis was framed as nationwide and worsening, with both the military and other armed actors implicated in abuses."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2980.15,"end":2980.27},{"text":"there","start":2980.27,"end":2980.47},{"text":"have","start":2980.47,"end":2980.79},{"text":"been","start":2980.79,"end":2981.11},{"text":"over","start":2981.35,"end":2981.75},{"text":"657","start":2981.75,"end":2983.75},{"text":"aerial","start":2983.99,"end":2984.51},{"text":"attacks","start":2984.51,"end":2985.19},{"text":"that","start":2985.67,"end":2985.91},{"text":"have","start":2985.91,"end":2986.15},{"text":"been","start":2986.15,"end":2986.31},{"text":"reported","start":2986.31,"end":2986.95},{"text":"to","start":2986.95,"end":2987.11},{"text":"us","start":2987.11,"end":2987.51},{"text":"over","start":2987.51,"end":2988.07},{"text":"this","start":2988.15,"end":2988.39},{"text":"period.","start":2988.39,"end":2989.03}]},{"text":"Why do I mention the last 100 days?","start":2989.75,"end":2991.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Why","start":2989.75,"end":2989.91},{"text":"do","start":2989.91,"end":2990.07},{"text":"I","start":2990.07,"end":2990.15},{"text":"mention","start":2990.15,"end":2990.51},{"text":"the","start":2990.51,"end":2990.59},{"text":"last","start":2990.59,"end":2990.87},{"text":"100","start":2990.87,"end":2991.31},{"text":"days?","start":2991.31,"end":2991.83}]},{"text":"Because the Myanmar military announced 100 days ago upon forming their new governing body, that this period would be dedicated to efforts to bring peace to the country.","start":2992.47,"end":3003.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Because","start":2992.47,"end":2992.79},{"text":"the","start":2992.79,"end":2992.87},{"text":"Myanmar","start":2992.87,"end":2993.51},{"text":"military","start":2993.51,"end":2994.31},{"text":"announced","start":2994.39,"end":2995.03},{"text":"100","start":2995.03,"end":2995.55},{"text":"days","start":2995.55,"end":2995.83},{"text":"ago","start":2995.83,"end":2996.39},{"text":"upon","start":2996.39,"end":2996.71},{"text":"forming","start":2996.71,"end":2997.19},{"text":"their","start":2997.19,"end":2997.39},{"text":"new","start":2997.39,"end":2997.67},{"text":"governing","start":2997.67,"end":2998.23},{"text":"body,","start":2998.23,"end":2998.79},{"text":"that","start":2999.23,"end":2999.39},{"text":"this","start":2999.39,"end":2999.63},{"text":"period","start":2999.63,"end":2999.99},{"text":"would","start":2999.99,"end":3000.11},{"text":"be","start":3000.11,"end":3000.27},{"text":"dedicated","start":3000.27,"end":3000.83},{"text":"to","start":3000.83,"end":3000.95},{"text":"efforts","start":3000.95,"end":3001.39},{"text":"to","start":3001.39,"end":3001.47},{"text":"bring","start":3001.47,"end":3001.87},{"text":"peace","start":3001.87,"end":3002.51},{"text":"to","start":3002.67,"end":3002.79},{"text":"the","start":3002.79,"end":3002.91},{"text":"country.","start":3002.91,"end":3003.39}]},{"text":"Those efforts have apparently featured aerial bombardments, artillery shelling, and arbitrary and extrajudicial killings carried out during village raids, and the continuation of arbitrary arrests and forcible recruitment of young people into the military.","start":3004.19,"end":3021.63,"topics":[{"key":"myanmar-rights-crisis","label":"Myanmar Human Rights Crisis","description":"Several statements described a severe deterioration of human rights in Myanmar, marked by military violence, airstrikes, arbitrary killings, forced recruitment, and the collapse of the rule of law. The crisis was framed as nationwide and worsening, with both the military and other armed actors implicated in abuses."}],"words":[{"text":"Those","start":3004.19,"end":3004.43},{"text":"efforts","start":3004.43,"end":3004.75},{"text":"have","start":3004.75,"end":3004.91},{"text":"apparently","start":3004.91,"end":3005.39},{"text":"featured","start":3005.39,"end":3005.87},{"text":"aerial","start":3005.87,"end":3006.19},{"text":"bombardments,","start":3006.19,"end":3007.07},{"text":"artillery","start":3007.15,"end":3008.43},{"text":"shelling,","start":3008.43,"end":3008.99},{"text":"and","start":3009.39,"end":3009.55},{"text":"arbitrary","start":3009.55,"end":3010.15},{"text":"and","start":3010.15,"end":3010.27},{"text":"extrajudicial","start":3010.27,"end":3011.59},{"text":"killings","start":3011.59,"end":3012.27},{"text":"carried","start":3012.75,"end":3013.07},{"text":"out","start":3013.07,"end":3013.31},{"text":"during","start":3013.31,"end":3013.63},{"text":"village","start":3013.63,"end":3014.03},{"text":"raids,","start":3014.03,"end":3014.59},{"text":"and","start":3014.91,"end":3015.19},{"text":"the","start":3015.19,"end":3015.27},{"text":"continuation","start":3015.27,"end":3016.11},{"text":"of","start":3016.11,"end":3016.19},{"text":"arbitrary","start":3016.19,"end":3016.79},{"text":"arrests","start":3016.79,"end":3017.55},{"text":"and","start":3017.71,"end":3017.95},{"text":"forcible","start":3017.95,"end":3018.51},{"text":"recruitment","start":3018.51,"end":3019.15},{"text":"of","start":3019.23,"end":3019.39},{"text":"young","start":3019.39,"end":3019.63},{"text":"people","start":3019.63,"end":3020.27},{"text":"into","start":3020.43,"end":3020.79},{"text":"the","start":3020.83,"end":3020.95},{"text":"military.","start":3020.95,"end":3021.63}]},{"text":"As Ravenna mentioned, the report we released today also describes some of the aspects of how the conflict and deterioration of rule of law have greatly expanded the reach and scope of illicit economies and illegal activities of organized criminal networks and companies operating in conflict affected areas.","start":3022.79,"end":3041.35,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":3022.79,"end":3022.95},{"text":"Ravenna","start":3022.95,"end":3023.35},{"text":"mentioned,","start":3023.35,"end":3023.75},{"text":"the","start":3023.75,"end":3023.83},{"text":"report","start":3023.83,"end":3024.23},{"text":"we","start":3024.23,"end":3024.39},{"text":"released","start":3024.39,"end":3024.75},{"text":"today","start":3024.75,"end":3024.95},{"text":"also","start":3024.95,"end":3025.27},{"text":"describes","start":3025.27,"end":3025.79},{"text":"some","start":3025.79,"end":3025.99},{"text":"of","start":3025.99,"end":3026.07},{"text":"the","start":3026.07,"end":3026.19},{"text":"aspects","start":3026.19,"end":3026.83},{"text":"of","start":3026.83,"end":3026.95},{"text":"how","start":3026.95,"end":3027.11},{"text":"the","start":3027.11,"end":3027.27},{"text":"conflict","start":3027.27,"end":3028.07},{"text":"and","start":3028.39,"end":3028.51},{"text":"deterioration","start":3028.51,"end":3029.35},{"text":"of","start":3029.35,"end":3029.43},{"text":"rule","start":3029.43,"end":3029.71},{"text":"of","start":3029.71,"end":3029.83},{"text":"law","start":3029.83,"end":3030.07},{"text":"have","start":3030.07,"end":3030.31},{"text":"greatly","start":3030.31,"end":3030.83},{"text":"expanded","start":3030.83,"end":3031.39},{"text":"the","start":3031.39,"end":3031.51},{"text":"reach","start":3031.51,"end":3031.79},{"text":"and","start":3031.79,"end":3031.95},{"text":"scope","start":3031.95,"end":3032.31},{"text":"of","start":3032.31,"end":3032.47},{"text":"illicit","start":3032.47,"end":3032.83},{"text":"economies","start":3032.83,"end":3033.59},{"text":"and","start":3033.91,"end":3034.11},{"text":"illegal","start":3034.11,"end":3034.51},{"text":"activities","start":3034.51,"end":3035.27},{"text":"of","start":3035.55,"end":3035.67},{"text":"organized","start":3035.67,"end":3036.23},{"text":"criminal","start":3036.23,"end":3036.55},{"text":"networks","start":3036.55,"end":3037.27},{"text":"and","start":3037.67,"end":3037.91},{"text":"companies","start":3037.91,"end":3039.03},{"text":"operating","start":3039.11,"end":3039.75},{"text":"in","start":3039.75,"end":3039.87},{"text":"conflict","start":3039.87,"end":3040.35},{"text":"affected","start":3040.35,"end":3040.75},{"text":"areas.","start":3040.75,"end":3041.35}]},{"text":"Of course, a lot of those companies that are working are working in minority areas because those are in many cases the areas most affected by conflict.","start":3043.15,"end":3052.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Of","start":3043.15,"end":3043.27},{"text":"course,","start":3043.27,"end":3043.75},{"text":"a","start":3044.31,"end":3044.35},{"text":"lot","start":3044.35,"end":3044.55},{"text":"of","start":3044.55,"end":3044.63},{"text":"those","start":3044.63,"end":3044.87},{"text":"companies","start":3044.87,"end":3045.43},{"text":"that","start":3045.43,"end":3045.59},{"text":"are","start":3045.59,"end":3045.71},{"text":"working","start":3045.71,"end":3046.23},{"text":"are","start":3046.47,"end":3046.75},{"text":"working","start":3046.75,"end":3047.11},{"text":"in","start":3047.11,"end":3047.27},{"text":"minority","start":3047.27,"end":3047.91},{"text":"areas","start":3047.91,"end":3048.39},{"text":"because","start":3048.39,"end":3048.79},{"text":"those","start":3048.79,"end":3049.11},{"text":"are","start":3049.11,"end":3049.43},{"text":"in","start":3049.43,"end":3049.59},{"text":"many","start":3049.59,"end":3049.83},{"text":"cases","start":3049.83,"end":3050.31},{"text":"the","start":3050.31,"end":3050.43},{"text":"areas","start":3050.43,"end":3050.79},{"text":"most","start":3050.79,"end":3051.11},{"text":"affected","start":3051.11,"end":3051.59},{"text":"by","start":3051.59,"end":3051.75},{"text":"conflict.","start":3051.75,"end":3052.39}]},{"text":"And they are especially involved in the exploitation of the country's natural resources, especially mining of rare earth minerals, which have had an enormous impact on local communities and on the environment surrounding those local communities.","start":3052.99,"end":3070.79,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3052.99,"end":3053.15},{"text":"they","start":3053.15,"end":3053.31},{"text":"are","start":3053.31,"end":3053.59},{"text":"especially","start":3053.59,"end":3054.91},{"text":"involved","start":3054.91,"end":3055.43},{"text":"in","start":3055.43,"end":3055.55},{"text":"the","start":3055.55,"end":3055.63},{"text":"exploitation","start":3055.63,"end":3056.35},{"text":"of","start":3056.35,"end":3056.43},{"text":"the","start":3056.43,"end":3056.51},{"text":"country's","start":3056.51,"end":3056.99},{"text":"natural","start":3056.99,"end":3057.27},{"text":"resources,","start":3057.27,"end":3057.87},{"text":"especially","start":3057.87,"end":3058.71},{"text":"mining","start":3060.31,"end":3060.83},{"text":"of","start":3060.83,"end":3060.95},{"text":"rare","start":3060.95,"end":3061.27},{"text":"earth","start":3061.27,"end":3061.43},{"text":"minerals,","start":3061.43,"end":3062.07},{"text":"which","start":3062.51,"end":3062.87},{"text":"have","start":3062.87,"end":3063.11},{"text":"had","start":3063.11,"end":3063.51},{"text":"an","start":3063.55,"end":3063.63},{"text":"enormous","start":3063.63,"end":3064.15},{"text":"impact","start":3064.15,"end":3064.63},{"text":"on","start":3064.63,"end":3064.79},{"text":"local","start":3064.79,"end":3065.11},{"text":"communities","start":3065.11,"end":3065.91},{"text":"and","start":3066.23,"end":3066.55},{"text":"on","start":3066.55,"end":3066.95},{"text":"the","start":3067.11,"end":3067.23},{"text":"environment","start":3067.23,"end":3068.15},{"text":"surrounding","start":3068.39,"end":3069.11},{"text":"those","start":3069.11,"end":3069.51},{"text":"local","start":3069.51,"end":3069.99},{"text":"communities.","start":3069.99,"end":3070.79}]},{"text":"This is the impact of over five and a half years of the Myanmar military's quest for international legitimacy.","start":3071.51,"end":3077.75,"topics":[{"key":"myanmar-rights-crisis","label":"Myanmar Human Rights Crisis","description":"Several statements described a severe deterioration of human rights in Myanmar, marked by military violence, airstrikes, arbitrary killings, forced recruitment, and the collapse of the rule of law. The crisis was framed as nationwide and worsening, with both the military and other armed actors implicated in abuses."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3071.51,"end":3071.75},{"text":"is","start":3071.75,"end":3071.91},{"text":"the","start":3071.91,"end":3072.03},{"text":"impact","start":3072.03,"end":3072.51},{"text":"of","start":3072.51,"end":3072.63},{"text":"over","start":3072.63,"end":3072.87},{"text":"five","start":3072.87,"end":3073.19},{"text":"and","start":3073.19,"end":3073.31},{"text":"a","start":3073.31,"end":3073.35},{"text":"half","start":3073.35,"end":3073.59},{"text":"years","start":3073.59,"end":3074.23},{"text":"of","start":3074.35,"end":3074.47},{"text":"the","start":3074.47,"end":3074.55},{"text":"Myanmar","start":3074.55,"end":3075.19},{"text":"military's","start":3075.19,"end":3075.79},{"text":"quest","start":3075.79,"end":3076.15},{"text":"for","start":3076.15,"end":3076.31},{"text":"international","start":3076.31,"end":3076.95},{"text":"legitimacy.","start":3076.95,"end":3077.75}]},{"text":"It is a crisis that deserves your attention because this crisis is only worsening, and it has torn the lives of the civilian population apart.","start":3078.47,"end":3087.83,"topics":[{"key":"myanmar-rights-crisis","label":"Myanmar Human Rights Crisis","description":"Several statements described a severe deterioration of human rights in Myanmar, marked by military violence, airstrikes, arbitrary killings, forced recruitment, and the collapse of the rule of law. The crisis was framed as nationwide and worsening, with both the military and other armed actors implicated in abuses."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3078.47,"end":3078.59},{"text":"is","start":3078.59,"end":3078.71},{"text":"a","start":3078.71,"end":3078.75},{"text":"crisis","start":3078.75,"end":3079.59},{"text":"that","start":3079.59,"end":3079.87},{"text":"deserves","start":3079.87,"end":3080.35},{"text":"your","start":3080.35,"end":3080.55},{"text":"attention","start":3080.55,"end":3081.19},{"text":"because","start":3081.59,"end":3082.15},{"text":"this","start":3082.15,"end":3082.39},{"text":"crisis","start":3082.39,"end":3082.83},{"text":"is","start":3082.83,"end":3083.03},{"text":"only","start":3083.03,"end":3083.27},{"text":"worsening,","start":3083.27,"end":3083.83},{"text":"and","start":3084.55,"end":3084.75},{"text":"it","start":3084.75,"end":3084.83},{"text":"has","start":3084.83,"end":3085.03},{"text":"torn","start":3085.03,"end":3085.43},{"text":"the","start":3085.43,"end":3085.51},{"text":"lives","start":3085.51,"end":3085.91},{"text":"of","start":3085.91,"end":3085.99},{"text":"the","start":3085.99,"end":3086.11},{"text":"civilian","start":3086.11,"end":3086.55},{"text":"population","start":3086.55,"end":3087.31},{"text":"apart.","start":3087.31,"end":3087.83}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":3088.71,"end":3089.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3088.71,"end":3088.95},{"text":"you.","start":3088.99,"end":3089.11}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"James Rodheaver","affiliation":"OHCHR","affiliation_full":"OHCHR","group":null,"function":"Chief of the Myanmar team"}},{"statement_number":36,"start":3090.31,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=3091","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":3090.31,"end":3091.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3090.31,"end":3090.71},{"text":"you","start":3090.71,"end":3090.87},{"text":"very","start":3090.87,"end":3091.11},{"text":"much.","start":3091.11,"end":3091.59}]},{"text":"Thanks, James.","start":3091.83,"end":3092.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thanks,","start":3091.83,"end":3092.23},{"text":"James.","start":3092.23,"end":3092.71}]},{"text":"Let me open the floor to questions now.","start":3092.95,"end":3094.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":3092.95,"end":3093.07},{"text":"me","start":3093.11,"end":3093.23},{"text":"open","start":3093.23,"end":3093.47},{"text":"the","start":3093.47,"end":3093.55},{"text":"floor","start":3093.55,"end":3093.83},{"text":"to","start":3093.83,"end":3093.91},{"text":"questions","start":3093.91,"end":3094.47},{"text":"now.","start":3094.47,"end":3094.71}]},{"text":"Agnes Pedrero, French news agency.","start":3095.59,"end":3098.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Agnes","start":3095.59,"end":3095.99},{"text":"Pedrero,","start":3095.99,"end":3096.55},{"text":"French","start":3096.79,"end":3097.19},{"text":"news","start":3097.19,"end":3097.51},{"text":"agency.","start":3097.51,"end":3098.07}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":37,"start":3098.95,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=3099","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Yes, thank you.","start":3098.95,"end":3099.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yes,","start":3098.95,"end":3099.27},{"text":"thank","start":3099.27,"end":3099.59},{"text":"you.","start":3099.59,"end":3099.67}]},{"text":"Two questions.","start":3101.99,"end":3102.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Two","start":3101.99,"end":3102.35},{"text":"questions.","start":3102.35,"end":3102.83}]},{"text":"One question concerns what you have mentioned, Ravina, concerning-- do you hear me?","start":3102.83,"end":3107.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"One","start":3102.83,"end":3103.03},{"text":"question","start":3103.03,"end":3103.43},{"text":"concerns","start":3103.43,"end":3103.79},{"text":"what","start":3103.79,"end":3104.07},{"text":"you","start":3104.07,"end":3104.23},{"text":"have","start":3104.23,"end":3104.39},{"text":"mentioned,","start":3104.39,"end":3104.79},{"text":"Ravina,","start":3104.79,"end":3105.19},{"text":"concerning--","start":3105.19,"end":3105.67},{"text":"do","start":3106.43,"end":3106.55},{"text":"you","start":3106.55,"end":3106.63},{"text":"hear","start":3106.63,"end":3106.75},{"text":"me?","start":3106.75,"end":3107.03}]},{"text":"Okay, so one question is about what you comment about the children.","start":3111.87,"end":3117.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Okay,","start":3111.87,"end":3112.19},{"text":"so","start":3112.43,"end":3112.75},{"text":"one","start":3112.83,"end":3113.15},{"text":"question","start":3113.15,"end":3113.55},{"text":"is","start":3113.55,"end":3113.67},{"text":"about","start":3113.67,"end":3114.07},{"text":"what","start":3114.07,"end":3114.59},{"text":"you","start":3114.59,"end":3114.75},{"text":"comment","start":3114.75,"end":3115.39},{"text":"about","start":3116.67,"end":3116.91},{"text":"the","start":3116.91,"end":3116.99},{"text":"children.","start":3116.99,"end":3117.71}]},{"text":"It wasn't clear to me in which state it was happening because you mentioned the Arakan army, but then the Arakan families.","start":3119.23,"end":3125.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3119.23,"end":3119.43},{"text":"wasn't","start":3119.43,"end":3119.75},{"text":"clear","start":3119.75,"end":3119.95},{"text":"to","start":3119.95,"end":3120.07},{"text":"me","start":3120.07,"end":3120.31},{"text":"in","start":3120.31,"end":3120.43},{"text":"which","start":3120.43,"end":3120.99},{"text":"state","start":3120.99,"end":3121.63},{"text":"it","start":3121.91,"end":3122.03},{"text":"was","start":3122.03,"end":3122.19},{"text":"happening","start":3122.19,"end":3122.59},{"text":"because","start":3122.59,"end":3122.83},{"text":"you","start":3122.83,"end":3122.91},{"text":"mentioned","start":3122.91,"end":3123.35},{"text":"the","start":3123.35,"end":3123.43},{"text":"Arakan","start":3123.43,"end":3123.95},{"text":"army,","start":3123.95,"end":3124.35},{"text":"but","start":3124.35,"end":3124.51},{"text":"then","start":3124.51,"end":3124.71},{"text":"the","start":3124.71,"end":3124.79},{"text":"Arakan","start":3124.79,"end":3125.23},{"text":"families.","start":3125.23,"end":3125.87}]},{"text":"So it wasn't clear where this is happening.","start":3126.27,"end":3128.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3126.27,"end":3126.39},{"text":"it","start":3126.39,"end":3126.59},{"text":"wasn't","start":3126.59,"end":3126.99},{"text":"clear","start":3126.99,"end":3127.23},{"text":"where","start":3127.31,"end":3127.63},{"text":"this","start":3127.63,"end":3128.03},{"text":"is","start":3128.03,"end":3128.27},{"text":"happening.","start":3128.27,"end":3128.75}]},{"text":"And then a broader question about what to know, what is UN stance attitude on member states that this year have openly embraced the president despite the increased abuses mentioned in the report of today?","start":3130.51,"end":3150.47,"topics":[{"key":"myanmar-rights-crisis","label":"Myanmar Human Rights Crisis","description":"Several statements described a severe deterioration of human rights in Myanmar, marked by military violence, airstrikes, arbitrary killings, forced recruitment, and the collapse of the rule of law. The crisis was framed as nationwide and worsening, with both the military and other armed actors implicated in abuses."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3130.51,"end":3130.75},{"text":"then","start":3130.75,"end":3130.95},{"text":"a","start":3131.11,"end":3131.19},{"text":"broader","start":3131.43,"end":3132.07},{"text":"question","start":3132.07,"end":3132.79},{"text":"about","start":3132.79,"end":3133.27},{"text":"what","start":3133.95,"end":3134.59},{"text":"to","start":3134.59,"end":3134.71},{"text":"know,","start":3134.71,"end":3135.03},{"text":"what","start":3135.19,"end":3135.59},{"text":"is","start":3135.59,"end":3135.75},{"text":"UN","start":3135.75,"end":3136.31},{"text":"stance","start":3137.27,"end":3137.99},{"text":"attitude","start":3138.39,"end":3139.11},{"text":"on","start":3139.11,"end":3139.27},{"text":"member","start":3139.27,"end":3139.67},{"text":"states","start":3139.67,"end":3140.23},{"text":"that","start":3140.95,"end":3141.19},{"text":"this","start":3141.19,"end":3141.59},{"text":"year","start":3141.59,"end":3141.99},{"text":"have","start":3141.99,"end":3142.39},{"text":"openly","start":3142.39,"end":3142.95},{"text":"embraced","start":3142.95,"end":3143.67},{"text":"the","start":3144.15,"end":3144.59},{"text":"president","start":3144.59,"end":3145.43},{"text":"despite","start":3145.99,"end":3146.51},{"text":"the","start":3146.51,"end":3146.67},{"text":"increased","start":3146.67,"end":3147.35},{"text":"abuses","start":3147.35,"end":3147.91},{"text":"mentioned","start":3147.91,"end":3148.39},{"text":"in","start":3148.39,"end":3148.95},{"text":"the","start":3149.19,"end":3149.39},{"text":"report","start":3149.39,"end":3149.83},{"text":"of","start":3149.83,"end":3149.99},{"text":"today?","start":3149.99,"end":3150.47}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":3151.19,"end":3151.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3151.19,"end":3151.51},{"text":"you.","start":3151.51,"end":3151.59}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Agnes Pedrero","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Journalist"}},{"statement_number":38,"start":3154.23,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=3155","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"James, you start.","start":3154.23,"end":3155.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"James,","start":3154.23,"end":3154.55},{"text":"you","start":3154.55,"end":3154.71},{"text":"start.","start":3154.71,"end":3155.19}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":39,"start":3156.79,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=3157","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Sure. Let me see, the references that Ravenna made to children in Rakhine, that means the children in Rakhine state as a whole.","start":3156.79,"end":3168.71,"topics":[{"key":"rohingya-abuses","label":"Rohingya Abuses and Displacement","description":"Speakers highlighted ongoing widespread and systematic abuses against the Rohingya, including torture, forced labour, recruitment, arbitrary detention, and renewed displacement. The discussion also referenced the continuing outflow of Rohingya to Bangladesh and other destinations since the escalation in Rakhine State."}],"words":[{"text":"Sure.","start":3156.79,"end":3157.27},{"text":"Let","start":3159.59,"end":3159.71},{"text":"me","start":3159.71,"end":3159.83},{"text":"see,","start":3159.83,"end":3159.95},{"text":"the","start":3159.95,"end":3160.07},{"text":"references","start":3160.07,"end":3160.71},{"text":"that","start":3160.71,"end":3161.11},{"text":"Ravenna","start":3161.27,"end":3161.67},{"text":"made","start":3161.67,"end":3162.15},{"text":"to","start":3162.71,"end":3162.95},{"text":"children","start":3162.95,"end":3163.43},{"text":"in","start":3163.43,"end":3163.59},{"text":"Rakhine,","start":3163.59,"end":3164.23},{"text":"that","start":3164.87,"end":3165.03},{"text":"means","start":3165.03,"end":3165.51},{"text":"the","start":3165.67,"end":3165.79},{"text":"children","start":3165.83,"end":3166.31},{"text":"in","start":3166.31,"end":3166.39},{"text":"Rakhine","start":3166.47,"end":3167.11},{"text":"state","start":3167.11,"end":3167.67},{"text":"as","start":3167.67,"end":3167.91},{"text":"a","start":3167.91,"end":3167.99},{"text":"whole.","start":3168.39,"end":3168.71}]},{"text":"In almost all the cases that we reference in the report, these are young Rohingya children who are being exploited or abused.","start":3169.59,"end":3178.71,"topics":[{"key":"rohingya-abuses","label":"Rohingya Abuses and Displacement","description":"Speakers highlighted ongoing widespread and systematic abuses against the Rohingya, including torture, forced labour, recruitment, arbitrary detention, and renewed displacement. The discussion also referenced the continuing outflow of Rohingya to Bangladesh and other destinations since the escalation in Rakhine State."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3169.59,"end":3169.91},{"text":"almost","start":3170.07,"end":3170.51},{"text":"all","start":3170.51,"end":3170.63},{"text":"the","start":3170.63,"end":3170.71},{"text":"cases","start":3170.71,"end":3171.11},{"text":"that","start":3171.11,"end":3171.23},{"text":"we","start":3171.23,"end":3171.35},{"text":"reference","start":3171.35,"end":3171.75},{"text":"in","start":3171.75,"end":3171.87},{"text":"the","start":3171.87,"end":3171.95},{"text":"report,","start":3171.95,"end":3172.63},{"text":"these","start":3173.43,"end":3173.83},{"text":"are","start":3173.83,"end":3174.23},{"text":"young","start":3174.71,"end":3175.03},{"text":"Rohingya","start":3175.11,"end":3175.83},{"text":"children","start":3175.91,"end":3176.47},{"text":"who","start":3176.47,"end":3176.63},{"text":"are","start":3176.63,"end":3176.95},{"text":"being","start":3176.95,"end":3177.27},{"text":"exploited","start":3177.27,"end":3177.91},{"text":"or","start":3177.91,"end":3178.11},{"text":"abused.","start":3178.11,"end":3178.71}]},{"text":"But there are also members of other ethnicities, children from other ethnicities, such as the Rakhine ethnic group and others who, the Mro and the Chakma and other groups whose children have been exploited or abused as well.","start":3179.91,"end":3199.59,"topics":[{"key":"rohingya-abuses","label":"Rohingya Abuses and Displacement","description":"Speakers highlighted ongoing widespread and systematic abuses against the Rohingya, including torture, forced labour, recruitment, arbitrary detention, and renewed displacement. The discussion also referenced the continuing outflow of Rohingya to Bangladesh and other destinations since the escalation in Rakhine State."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":3179.91,"end":3180.31},{"text":"there","start":3180.31,"end":3180.63},{"text":"are","start":3180.63,"end":3180.87},{"text":"also","start":3180.87,"end":3181.59},{"text":"members","start":3182.63,"end":3183.27},{"text":"of","start":3183.31,"end":3183.51},{"text":"other","start":3183.51,"end":3183.79},{"text":"ethnicities,","start":3183.79,"end":3184.55},{"text":"children","start":3184.55,"end":3184.95},{"text":"from","start":3184.95,"end":3185.15},{"text":"other","start":3185.15,"end":3185.35},{"text":"ethnicities,","start":3185.35,"end":3186.07},{"text":"such","start":3186.07,"end":3186.47},{"text":"as","start":3186.47,"end":3186.79},{"text":"the","start":3186.79,"end":3186.95},{"text":"Rakhine","start":3186.95,"end":3187.67},{"text":"ethnic","start":3187.83,"end":3188.27},{"text":"group","start":3188.27,"end":3188.63},{"text":"and","start":3189.43,"end":3189.99},{"text":"others","start":3189.99,"end":3190.47},{"text":"who,","start":3190.63,"end":3190.95},{"text":"the","start":3190.95,"end":3191.11},{"text":"Mro","start":3191.11,"end":3191.75},{"text":"and","start":3191.99,"end":3192.63},{"text":"the","start":3193.11,"end":3193.31},{"text":"Chakma","start":3193.75,"end":3194.27},{"text":"and","start":3194.35,"end":3194.51},{"text":"other","start":3194.51,"end":3195.31},{"text":"groups","start":3195.31,"end":3195.75},{"text":"whose","start":3195.75,"end":3196.39},{"text":"children","start":3196.71,"end":3197.19},{"text":"have","start":3197.19,"end":3197.43},{"text":"been","start":3197.43,"end":3197.75},{"text":"exploited","start":3197.75,"end":3198.43},{"text":"or","start":3198.43,"end":3198.59},{"text":"abused","start":3198.59,"end":3198.99},{"text":"as","start":3198.99,"end":3199.11},{"text":"well.","start":3199.11,"end":3199.59}]},{"text":"And in terms of the other question, About the member states who are now openly embracing the Myanmar military, the only thing I can really say is this, of course, the UN still does not, has not recognized the Myanmar military as the government of the country.","start":3201.51,"end":3222.07,"topics":[{"key":"myanmar-rights-crisis","label":"Myanmar Human Rights Crisis","description":"Several statements described a severe deterioration of human rights in Myanmar, marked by military violence, airstrikes, arbitrary killings, forced recruitment, and the collapse of the rule of law. The crisis was framed as nationwide and worsening, with both the military and other armed actors implicated in abuses."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3201.51,"end":3201.83},{"text":"in","start":3201.83,"end":3201.99},{"text":"terms","start":3201.99,"end":3202.31},{"text":"of","start":3202.35,"end":3202.43},{"text":"the","start":3202.43,"end":3202.51},{"text":"other","start":3202.63,"end":3203.03},{"text":"question,","start":3203.03,"end":3203.67},{"text":"About","start":3204.51,"end":3204.87},{"text":"the","start":3204.87,"end":3204.99},{"text":"member","start":3205.75,"end":3206.07},{"text":"states","start":3206.07,"end":3206.51},{"text":"who","start":3206.51,"end":3206.59},{"text":"are","start":3206.59,"end":3206.71},{"text":"now","start":3206.71,"end":3206.95},{"text":"openly","start":3206.95,"end":3207.39},{"text":"embracing","start":3207.39,"end":3208.23},{"text":"the","start":3208.23,"end":3208.31},{"text":"Myanmar","start":3208.31,"end":3208.71},{"text":"military,","start":3208.71,"end":3209.43},{"text":"the","start":3209.99,"end":3210.11},{"text":"only","start":3210.15,"end":3210.31},{"text":"thing","start":3210.31,"end":3210.51},{"text":"I","start":3210.51,"end":3210.55},{"text":"can","start":3210.55,"end":3210.71},{"text":"really","start":3210.71,"end":3210.95},{"text":"say","start":3210.95,"end":3211.11},{"text":"is","start":3211.11,"end":3211.43},{"text":"this,","start":3211.43,"end":3211.59},{"text":"of","start":3211.63,"end":3211.75},{"text":"course,","start":3211.75,"end":3212.07},{"text":"the","start":3212.07,"end":3212.19},{"text":"UN","start":3212.23,"end":3212.79},{"text":"still","start":3213.59,"end":3214.23},{"text":"does","start":3214.63,"end":3214.95},{"text":"not,","start":3214.95,"end":3215.27},{"text":"has","start":3215.83,"end":3216.15},{"text":"not","start":3216.15,"end":3216.31},{"text":"recognized","start":3216.31,"end":3217.15},{"text":"the","start":3218.07,"end":3218.19},{"text":"Myanmar","start":3218.31,"end":3218.87},{"text":"military","start":3218.87,"end":3219.59},{"text":"as","start":3220.07,"end":3220.23},{"text":"the","start":3220.23,"end":3220.35},{"text":"government","start":3220.35,"end":3221.03},{"text":"of","start":3221.31,"end":3221.43},{"text":"the","start":3221.43,"end":3221.55},{"text":"country.","start":3221.55,"end":3222.07}]},{"text":"That is a decision that has to be made in the UN General Assembly's Credentials Committee.","start":3222.07,"end":3227.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":3222.07,"end":3222.31},{"text":"is","start":3222.31,"end":3222.47},{"text":"a","start":3222.47,"end":3222.51},{"text":"decision","start":3222.51,"end":3223.03},{"text":"that","start":3223.03,"end":3223.19},{"text":"has","start":3223.19,"end":3223.43},{"text":"to","start":3223.43,"end":3223.55},{"text":"be","start":3223.55,"end":3223.67},{"text":"made","start":3223.67,"end":3224.07},{"text":"in","start":3224.31,"end":3224.55},{"text":"the","start":3224.55,"end":3224.63},{"text":"UN","start":3224.63,"end":3224.95},{"text":"General","start":3224.95,"end":3225.27},{"text":"Assembly's","start":3225.27,"end":3225.99},{"text":"Credentials","start":3225.99,"end":3226.71},{"text":"Committee.","start":3226.71,"end":3227.27}]},{"text":"And so until such time as there is a recognition by that credentials committee, the UN does not deal with the military as the government.","start":3227.67,"end":3239.27,"topics":[{"key":"myanmar-rights-crisis","label":"Myanmar Human Rights Crisis","description":"Several statements described a severe deterioration of human rights in Myanmar, marked by military violence, airstrikes, arbitrary killings, forced recruitment, and the collapse of the rule of law. The crisis was framed as nationwide and worsening, with both the military and other armed actors implicated in abuses."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3227.67,"end":3227.91},{"text":"so","start":3227.91,"end":3228.43},{"text":"until","start":3228.43,"end":3228.79},{"text":"such","start":3228.79,"end":3229.11},{"text":"time","start":3229.11,"end":3229.51},{"text":"as","start":3229.55,"end":3229.67},{"text":"there","start":3229.67,"end":3230.07},{"text":"is","start":3230.07,"end":3230.31},{"text":"a","start":3230.31,"end":3230.35},{"text":"recognition","start":3230.35,"end":3231.19},{"text":"by","start":3231.75,"end":3232.07},{"text":"that","start":3232.07,"end":3232.35},{"text":"credentials","start":3232.35,"end":3232.95},{"text":"committee,","start":3232.95,"end":3233.59},{"text":"the","start":3234.39,"end":3234.55},{"text":"UN","start":3234.55,"end":3235.11},{"text":"does","start":3235.19,"end":3235.43},{"text":"not","start":3235.43,"end":3235.99},{"text":"deal","start":3236.63,"end":3237.03},{"text":"with","start":3237.03,"end":3237.39},{"text":"the","start":3237.39,"end":3237.51},{"text":"military","start":3237.51,"end":3238.15},{"text":"as","start":3238.15,"end":3238.63},{"text":"the","start":3238.63,"end":3238.71},{"text":"government.","start":3238.71,"end":3239.27}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"James Rodheaver","affiliation":"OHCHR","affiliation_full":"OHCHR","group":null,"function":"Chief of the Myanmar team"}},{"statement_number":40,"start":3242.99,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=3243","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"And just to add to that, Agnes, as we see in the press, as the High Commissioner says in the press release as well, it is the military's persistent kind of quest for legitimacy That has, in fact, only deepened this crisis.","start":3242.99,"end":3258.11,"topics":[{"key":"myanmar-rights-crisis","label":"Myanmar Human Rights Crisis","description":"Several statements described a severe deterioration of human rights in Myanmar, marked by military violence, airstrikes, arbitrary killings, forced recruitment, and the collapse of the rule of law. The crisis was framed as nationwide and worsening, with both the military and other armed actors implicated in abuses."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3242.99,"end":3243.27},{"text":"just","start":3243.51,"end":3243.79},{"text":"to","start":3243.79,"end":3243.87},{"text":"add","start":3243.87,"end":3244.03},{"text":"to","start":3244.03,"end":3244.15},{"text":"that,","start":3244.15,"end":3244.31},{"text":"Agnes,","start":3245.43,"end":3245.75},{"text":"as","start":3246.75,"end":3246.87},{"text":"we","start":3246.87,"end":3247.03},{"text":"see","start":3247.03,"end":3247.15},{"text":"in","start":3247.15,"end":3247.23},{"text":"the","start":3247.23,"end":3247.31},{"text":"press,","start":3247.31,"end":3247.59},{"text":"as","start":3247.59,"end":3247.67},{"text":"the","start":3247.67,"end":3247.75},{"text":"High","start":3247.75,"end":3247.87},{"text":"Commissioner","start":3247.87,"end":3248.27},{"text":"says","start":3248.27,"end":3248.43},{"text":"in","start":3248.43,"end":3248.51},{"text":"the","start":3248.51,"end":3248.59},{"text":"press","start":3248.59,"end":3248.87},{"text":"release","start":3248.87,"end":3249.23},{"text":"as","start":3249.23,"end":3249.43},{"text":"well,","start":3249.43,"end":3249.75},{"text":"it","start":3250.07,"end":3250.23},{"text":"is","start":3250.23,"end":3250.39},{"text":"the","start":3250.39,"end":3250.55},{"text":"military's","start":3250.55,"end":3251.35},{"text":"persistent","start":3251.35,"end":3252.39},{"text":"kind","start":3252.39,"end":3252.67},{"text":"of","start":3252.67,"end":3252.79},{"text":"quest","start":3252.79,"end":3253.35},{"text":"for","start":3253.35,"end":3253.59},{"text":"legitimacy","start":3253.59,"end":3254.55},{"text":"That","start":3255.55,"end":3255.87},{"text":"has,","start":3255.87,"end":3256.03},{"text":"in","start":3256.11,"end":3256.35},{"text":"fact,","start":3256.35,"end":3256.59},{"text":"only","start":3256.59,"end":3256.83},{"text":"deepened","start":3256.83,"end":3257.23},{"text":"this","start":3257.23,"end":3257.39},{"text":"crisis.","start":3257.39,"end":3258.11}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Ravina","affiliation":"OHCHR","affiliation_full":"OHCHR","group":null,"function":null}},{"statement_number":41,"start":3259.71,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=3260","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":3259.71,"end":3260.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3259.71,"end":3260.03},{"text":"you","start":3260.03,"end":3260.15},{"text":"very","start":3260.15,"end":3260.47},{"text":"much.","start":3260.47,"end":3260.99}]},{"text":"I'll go to the platform, Olivia, Reuters.","start":3261.39,"end":3264.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'll","start":3261.39,"end":3261.63},{"text":"go","start":3261.63,"end":3261.79},{"text":"to","start":3261.79,"end":3261.95},{"text":"the","start":3261.95,"end":3262.03},{"text":"platform,","start":3262.03,"end":3262.51},{"text":"Olivia,","start":3262.51,"end":3263.31},{"text":"Reuters.","start":3264.19,"end":3264.67}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":42,"start":3267.11,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=3268","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Hi there, thanks very much for this briefing.","start":3267.11,"end":3269.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Hi","start":3267.11,"end":3267.27},{"text":"there,","start":3267.27,"end":3267.43},{"text":"thanks","start":3267.43,"end":3267.63},{"text":"very","start":3267.63,"end":3267.83},{"text":"much","start":3267.83,"end":3268.39},{"text":"for","start":3268.63,"end":3268.79},{"text":"this","start":3268.79,"end":3269.03},{"text":"briefing.","start":3269.03,"end":3269.83}]},{"text":"Just a question on the part about illegal rare earth mining.","start":3269.99,"end":3273.43,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Just","start":3269.99,"end":3270.35},{"text":"a","start":3270.35,"end":3270.39},{"text":"question","start":3270.39,"end":3270.79},{"text":"on","start":3270.79,"end":3270.87},{"text":"the","start":3270.87,"end":3271.03},{"text":"part","start":3271.19,"end":3271.59},{"text":"about","start":3271.59,"end":3271.83},{"text":"illegal","start":3271.83,"end":3272.31},{"text":"rare","start":3272.31,"end":3272.63},{"text":"earth","start":3272.71,"end":3272.95},{"text":"mining.","start":3272.95,"end":3273.43}]},{"text":"I noticed in the report it says that a lot of these mining operations are largely geared towards the neighboring Chinese market.","start":3273.43,"end":3281.11,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3273.43,"end":3273.47},{"text":"noticed","start":3273.47,"end":3273.79},{"text":"in","start":3273.79,"end":3273.91},{"text":"the","start":3273.91,"end":3273.99},{"text":"report","start":3273.99,"end":3274.47},{"text":"it","start":3275.03,"end":3275.27},{"text":"says","start":3275.27,"end":3275.59},{"text":"that","start":3275.59,"end":3275.83},{"text":"a","start":3276.95,"end":3277.03},{"text":"lot","start":3277.43,"end":3277.63},{"text":"of","start":3277.63,"end":3277.71},{"text":"these","start":3277.71,"end":3277.83},{"text":"mining","start":3277.83,"end":3278.15},{"text":"operations","start":3278.15,"end":3278.71},{"text":"are","start":3278.71,"end":3278.87},{"text":"largely","start":3278.87,"end":3279.27},{"text":"geared","start":3279.27,"end":3279.59},{"text":"towards","start":3279.59,"end":3279.91},{"text":"the","start":3279.91,"end":3280.03},{"text":"neighboring","start":3280.03,"end":3280.47},{"text":"Chinese","start":3280.47,"end":3280.79},{"text":"market.","start":3280.79,"end":3281.11}]},{"text":"But I'm just wondering if you've been able to trace whether else they might be going, any other countries who might be receiving these illegally mined materials.","start":3281.11,"end":3291.91,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":3281.11,"end":3281.23},{"text":"I'm","start":3281.23,"end":3281.43},{"text":"just","start":3281.43,"end":3281.59},{"text":"wondering","start":3281.59,"end":3281.91},{"text":"if","start":3281.91,"end":3282.07},{"text":"you've","start":3282.71,"end":3282.91},{"text":"been","start":3282.91,"end":3283.03},{"text":"able","start":3283.03,"end":3283.23},{"text":"to","start":3283.23,"end":3283.39},{"text":"trace","start":3283.39,"end":3283.83},{"text":"whether","start":3284.63,"end":3285.03},{"text":"else","start":3285.03,"end":3285.23},{"text":"they","start":3285.23,"end":3285.31},{"text":"might","start":3285.31,"end":3285.47},{"text":"be","start":3285.47,"end":3285.59},{"text":"going,","start":3285.59,"end":3285.99},{"text":"any","start":3285.99,"end":3286.15},{"text":"other","start":3286.15,"end":3286.35},{"text":"countries","start":3286.35,"end":3287.11},{"text":"who","start":3287.11,"end":3287.19},{"text":"might","start":3287.19,"end":3287.35},{"text":"be","start":3287.35,"end":3287.51},{"text":"receiving","start":3287.51,"end":3288.07},{"text":"these","start":3288.07,"end":3288.47},{"text":"illegally","start":3288.79,"end":3289.35},{"text":"mined","start":3290.07,"end":3290.63},{"text":"materials.","start":3291.19,"end":3291.91}]},{"text":"And also just to ask what kind of engagement you've had in the lead up to this report with the Myanmar military and the Arakan Army, and have you been satisfied with their engagement with you?","start":3291.91,"end":3306.07,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3291.91,"end":3292.31},{"text":"also","start":3292.31,"end":3292.59},{"text":"just","start":3292.59,"end":3292.95},{"text":"to","start":3293.03,"end":3293.47},{"text":"ask","start":3293.47,"end":3293.75},{"text":"what","start":3294.03,"end":3294.23},{"text":"kind","start":3294.23,"end":3294.43},{"text":"of","start":3294.43,"end":3294.51},{"text":"engagement","start":3294.51,"end":3295.03},{"text":"you've","start":3295.03,"end":3295.23},{"text":"had","start":3295.23,"end":3295.59},{"text":"in","start":3296.91,"end":3297.31},{"text":"the","start":3297.31,"end":3297.39},{"text":"lead","start":3297.43,"end":3297.55},{"text":"up","start":3297.55,"end":3297.63},{"text":"to","start":3297.63,"end":3297.75},{"text":"this","start":3297.75,"end":3297.87},{"text":"report","start":3297.87,"end":3298.35},{"text":"with","start":3298.35,"end":3298.63},{"text":"the","start":3298.63,"end":3298.71},{"text":"Myanmar","start":3298.75,"end":3299.19},{"text":"military","start":3299.19,"end":3299.87},{"text":"and","start":3299.87,"end":3300.55},{"text":"the","start":3300.55,"end":3300.63},{"text":"Arakan","start":3300.63,"end":3301.31},{"text":"Army,","start":3301.31,"end":3301.67},{"text":"and","start":3301.67,"end":3301.79},{"text":"have","start":3301.79,"end":3301.95},{"text":"you","start":3301.95,"end":3302.03},{"text":"been","start":3302.03,"end":3302.19},{"text":"satisfied","start":3302.19,"end":3303.07},{"text":"with","start":3303.15,"end":3303.43},{"text":"their","start":3303.43,"end":3303.87},{"text":"engagement","start":3304.99,"end":3305.75},{"text":"with","start":3305.75,"end":3305.87},{"text":"you?","start":3305.87,"end":3306.07}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Olivia","affiliation":"Reuters","affiliation_full":"Reuters","group":null,"function":"Journalist"}},{"statement_number":43,"start":3308.39,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=3309","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"James.","start":3308.39,"end":3308.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"James.","start":3308.39,"end":3308.91}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":44,"start":3310.31,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=3311","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Okay. Well, we have been trying to track, we do see the flow of rare earth minerals coming out of Myanmar into other neighboring countries.","start":3310.31,"end":3323.95,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Okay.","start":3310.31,"end":3310.67},{"text":"Well,","start":3312.99,"end":3313.23},{"text":"we","start":3313.47,"end":3313.71},{"text":"have","start":3313.71,"end":3314.11},{"text":"been","start":3314.11,"end":3314.43},{"text":"trying","start":3314.43,"end":3314.83},{"text":"to","start":3314.83,"end":3315.03},{"text":"track,","start":3315.03,"end":3315.47},{"text":"we","start":3316.11,"end":3316.35},{"text":"do","start":3316.35,"end":3316.75},{"text":"see","start":3317.31,"end":3317.79},{"text":"the","start":3317.79,"end":3317.91},{"text":"flow","start":3317.95,"end":3318.43},{"text":"of","start":3318.79,"end":3319.07},{"text":"rare","start":3319.07,"end":3319.31},{"text":"earth","start":3319.31,"end":3319.55},{"text":"minerals","start":3319.55,"end":3320.03},{"text":"coming","start":3320.03,"end":3320.51},{"text":"out","start":3320.51,"end":3320.79},{"text":"of","start":3320.79,"end":3320.91},{"text":"Myanmar","start":3320.91,"end":3321.35},{"text":"into","start":3321.35,"end":3321.71},{"text":"other","start":3321.79,"end":3322.19},{"text":"neighboring","start":3322.51,"end":3323.23},{"text":"countries.","start":3323.31,"end":3323.95}]},{"text":"However, we have not yet been able to verify or prove that either by open sources or by victim witness testimony, eyewitnesses who've seen the materials being removed from the country.","start":3324.83,"end":3338.59,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":3324.83,"end":3325.27},{"text":"we","start":3325.27,"end":3325.35},{"text":"have","start":3325.35,"end":3325.47},{"text":"not","start":3325.47,"end":3325.67},{"text":"yet","start":3325.67,"end":3325.87},{"text":"been","start":3325.87,"end":3326.03},{"text":"able","start":3326.03,"end":3326.27},{"text":"to","start":3326.27,"end":3326.59},{"text":"verify","start":3326.67,"end":3327.39},{"text":"or","start":3327.39,"end":3327.95},{"text":"prove","start":3327.95,"end":3328.43},{"text":"that","start":3328.43,"end":3328.91},{"text":"either","start":3329.71,"end":3330.11},{"text":"by","start":3330.11,"end":3330.43},{"text":"open","start":3330.43,"end":3330.83},{"text":"sources","start":3330.83,"end":3331.55},{"text":"or","start":3331.95,"end":3332.19},{"text":"by","start":3332.19,"end":3332.75},{"text":"victim","start":3333.55,"end":3334.03},{"text":"witness","start":3334.03,"end":3334.59},{"text":"testimony,","start":3334.83,"end":3335.63},{"text":"eyewitnesses","start":3335.63,"end":3336.27},{"text":"who've","start":3336.27,"end":3336.43},{"text":"seen","start":3336.43,"end":3336.67},{"text":"the","start":3336.67,"end":3336.75},{"text":"materials","start":3336.75,"end":3337.19},{"text":"being","start":3337.19,"end":3337.39},{"text":"removed","start":3337.39,"end":3337.79},{"text":"from","start":3337.79,"end":3337.95},{"text":"the","start":3337.95,"end":3338.03},{"text":"country.","start":3338.03,"end":3338.59}]},{"text":"But we know that they are showing up in other countries.","start":3339.31,"end":3342.51,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":3339.31,"end":3339.59},{"text":"we","start":3339.59,"end":3339.71},{"text":"know","start":3339.71,"end":3339.95},{"text":"that","start":3339.95,"end":3340.15},{"text":"they","start":3340.15,"end":3340.27},{"text":"are","start":3340.27,"end":3340.43},{"text":"showing","start":3340.43,"end":3340.87},{"text":"up","start":3340.87,"end":3341.03},{"text":"in","start":3341.03,"end":3341.15},{"text":"other","start":3341.15,"end":3341.95},{"text":"countries.","start":3341.95,"end":3342.51}]},{"text":"We are trying our best to track that and of course, to find the data to support which companies are actually the ones taking that material outside of Myanmar.","start":3343.31,"end":3354.03,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3343.31,"end":3343.71},{"text":"are","start":3343.71,"end":3343.87},{"text":"trying","start":3343.87,"end":3344.51},{"text":"our","start":3344.59,"end":3344.83},{"text":"best","start":3344.83,"end":3345.27},{"text":"to","start":3345.27,"end":3345.35},{"text":"track","start":3345.35,"end":3345.63},{"text":"that","start":3345.63,"end":3346.03},{"text":"and","start":3346.03,"end":3346.23},{"text":"of","start":3346.23,"end":3346.35},{"text":"course,","start":3346.35,"end":3346.67},{"text":"to","start":3346.67,"end":3346.75},{"text":"find","start":3346.75,"end":3347.39},{"text":"the","start":3347.51,"end":3347.63},{"text":"data","start":3347.63,"end":3348.11},{"text":"to","start":3348.11,"end":3348.23},{"text":"support","start":3348.23,"end":3348.83},{"text":"which","start":3349.27,"end":3349.55},{"text":"companies","start":3349.55,"end":3350.07},{"text":"are","start":3350.07,"end":3350.23},{"text":"actually","start":3350.23,"end":3350.55},{"text":"the","start":3350.55,"end":3350.67},{"text":"ones","start":3350.67,"end":3351.07},{"text":"taking","start":3351.31,"end":3351.79},{"text":"that","start":3351.79,"end":3351.95},{"text":"material","start":3351.95,"end":3352.47},{"text":"outside","start":3352.47,"end":3352.95},{"text":"of","start":3352.95,"end":3353.47},{"text":"Myanmar.","start":3353.47,"end":3354.03}]},{"text":"In terms of engagement with the military and ARRC and army, are we satisfied with that level of engagement?","start":3355.15,"end":3361.39,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."},{"key":"myanmar-rights-crisis","label":"Myanmar Human Rights Crisis","description":"Several statements described a severe deterioration of human rights in Myanmar, marked by military violence, airstrikes, arbitrary killings, forced recruitment, and the collapse of the rule of law. The crisis was framed as nationwide and worsening, with both the military and other armed actors implicated in abuses."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3355.15,"end":3355.31},{"text":"terms","start":3355.31,"end":3355.79},{"text":"of","start":3355.83,"end":3356.11},{"text":"engagement","start":3356.75,"end":3357.47},{"text":"with","start":3357.47,"end":3357.59},{"text":"the","start":3357.59,"end":3357.67},{"text":"military","start":3357.71,"end":3358.23},{"text":"and","start":3358.23,"end":3358.35},{"text":"ARRC","start":3358.35,"end":3359.07},{"text":"and","start":3359.07,"end":3359.19},{"text":"army,","start":3359.19,"end":3359.35},{"text":"are","start":3359.35,"end":3359.43},{"text":"we","start":3359.43,"end":3359.55},{"text":"satisfied","start":3359.55,"end":3360.15},{"text":"with","start":3360.15,"end":3360.27},{"text":"that","start":3360.27,"end":3360.43},{"text":"level","start":3360.43,"end":3360.67},{"text":"of","start":3360.67,"end":3360.75},{"text":"engagement?","start":3360.75,"end":3361.39}]},{"text":"No, we are not, but we have reached out to both.","start":3361.39,"end":3364.99,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."},{"key":"myanmar-rights-crisis","label":"Myanmar Human Rights Crisis","description":"Several statements described a severe deterioration of human rights in Myanmar, marked by military violence, airstrikes, arbitrary killings, forced recruitment, and the collapse of the rule of law. The crisis was framed as nationwide and worsening, with both the military and other armed actors implicated in abuses."}],"words":[{"text":"No,","start":3361.39,"end":3361.71},{"text":"we","start":3362.11,"end":3362.59},{"text":"are","start":3362.59,"end":3362.67},{"text":"not,","start":3362.67,"end":3362.91},{"text":"but","start":3362.91,"end":3363.07},{"text":"we","start":3363.07,"end":3363.23},{"text":"have","start":3363.23,"end":3363.47},{"text":"reached","start":3363.47,"end":3363.79},{"text":"out","start":3363.79,"end":3364.23},{"text":"to","start":3364.23,"end":3364.43},{"text":"both.","start":3364.43,"end":3364.99}]},{"text":"We sent them in writing lists of questions in order to try and get them to clarify their activities and the circumstances around how their various attacks or efforts to shape and change local communities, how and why that has been done, whether it's events as a policy or other aspects of how they're operating.","start":3366.35,"end":3393.63,"topics":[{"key":"myanmar-rights-crisis","label":"Myanmar Human Rights Crisis","description":"Several statements described a severe deterioration of human rights in Myanmar, marked by military violence, airstrikes, arbitrary killings, forced recruitment, and the collapse of the rule of law. The crisis was framed as nationwide and worsening, with both the military and other armed actors implicated in abuses."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3366.35,"end":3366.75},{"text":"sent","start":3366.91,"end":3367.19},{"text":"them","start":3367.19,"end":3367.31},{"text":"in","start":3367.31,"end":3367.47},{"text":"writing","start":3367.47,"end":3368.03},{"text":"lists","start":3368.91,"end":3369.31},{"text":"of","start":3369.31,"end":3369.39},{"text":"questions","start":3369.39,"end":3370.19},{"text":"in","start":3370.51,"end":3370.67},{"text":"order","start":3370.67,"end":3370.91},{"text":"to","start":3370.91,"end":3370.99},{"text":"try","start":3370.99,"end":3371.27},{"text":"and","start":3371.27,"end":3371.43},{"text":"get","start":3371.43,"end":3371.55},{"text":"them","start":3371.55,"end":3371.71},{"text":"to","start":3371.71,"end":3371.87},{"text":"clarify","start":3371.87,"end":3372.67},{"text":"their","start":3372.99,"end":3373.63},{"text":"activities","start":3373.63,"end":3374.43},{"text":"and","start":3375.39,"end":3375.63},{"text":"the","start":3375.63,"end":3375.71},{"text":"circumstances","start":3375.71,"end":3376.51},{"text":"around","start":3376.51,"end":3377.07},{"text":"how","start":3377.31,"end":3377.63},{"text":"their","start":3377.63,"end":3378.99},{"text":"various","start":3379.15,"end":3379.55},{"text":"attacks","start":3379.55,"end":3380.11},{"text":"or","start":3380.11,"end":3380.67},{"text":"efforts","start":3380.67,"end":3381.15},{"text":"to","start":3381.15,"end":3381.63},{"text":"shape","start":3383.15,"end":3383.59},{"text":"and","start":3383.59,"end":3383.79},{"text":"change","start":3383.79,"end":3384.27},{"text":"local","start":3384.27,"end":3384.63},{"text":"communities,","start":3384.63,"end":3385.39},{"text":"how","start":3385.63,"end":3385.95},{"text":"and","start":3385.95,"end":3386.11},{"text":"why","start":3386.11,"end":3386.59},{"text":"that","start":3386.67,"end":3386.87},{"text":"has","start":3386.87,"end":3386.99},{"text":"been","start":3386.99,"end":3387.23},{"text":"done,","start":3387.23,"end":3387.63},{"text":"whether","start":3387.91,"end":3388.23},{"text":"it's","start":3388.23,"end":3388.59},{"text":"events","start":3389.15,"end":3389.75},{"text":"as","start":3389.75,"end":3389.87},{"text":"a","start":3389.87,"end":3389.95},{"text":"policy","start":3389.95,"end":3390.67},{"text":"or","start":3390.67,"end":3391.39},{"text":"other","start":3391.39,"end":3391.63},{"text":"aspects","start":3391.63,"end":3392.19},{"text":"of","start":3392.23,"end":3392.59},{"text":"how","start":3392.59,"end":3392.75},{"text":"they're","start":3392.75,"end":3392.99},{"text":"operating.","start":3392.99,"end":3393.63}]},{"text":"We did not get responses from them.","start":3394.11,"end":3395.87,"topics":[{"key":"myanmar-rights-crisis","label":"Myanmar Human Rights Crisis","description":"Several statements described a severe deterioration of human rights in Myanmar, marked by military violence, airstrikes, arbitrary killings, forced recruitment, and the collapse of the rule of law. The crisis was framed as nationwide and worsening, with both the military and other armed actors implicated in abuses."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3394.11,"end":3394.31},{"text":"did","start":3394.31,"end":3394.43},{"text":"not","start":3394.43,"end":3394.63},{"text":"get","start":3394.63,"end":3394.79},{"text":"responses","start":3394.79,"end":3395.43},{"text":"from","start":3395.43,"end":3395.71},{"text":"them.","start":3395.71,"end":3395.87}]},{"text":"So, so yes, it was a very unsatisfactory engagement with them with for the purposes of this report.","start":3396.27,"end":3402.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So,","start":3396.27,"end":3396.83},{"text":"so","start":3396.99,"end":3397.15},{"text":"yes,","start":3397.15,"end":3397.43},{"text":"it","start":3397.43,"end":3397.55},{"text":"was","start":3397.55,"end":3397.71},{"text":"a","start":3397.71,"end":3397.75},{"text":"very","start":3397.75,"end":3398.03},{"text":"unsatisfactory","start":3398.07,"end":3399.23},{"text":"engagement","start":3399.51,"end":3400.07},{"text":"with","start":3400.07,"end":3400.23},{"text":"them","start":3400.23,"end":3400.43},{"text":"with","start":3400.43,"end":3400.59},{"text":"for","start":3400.59,"end":3400.75},{"text":"the","start":3400.75,"end":3400.83},{"text":"purposes","start":3400.83,"end":3401.39},{"text":"of","start":3401.39,"end":3401.63},{"text":"this","start":3401.87,"end":3402.11},{"text":"report.","start":3402.11,"end":3402.59}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"James Rodheaver","affiliation":"OHCHR","affiliation_full":"OHCHR","group":null,"function":"Chief of the Myanmar team"}},{"statement_number":45,"start":3418.46,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=3419","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Nick, we can't hear you yet.","start":3418.46,"end":3419.98,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Nick,","start":3418.46,"end":3418.78},{"text":"we","start":3418.78,"end":3418.94},{"text":"can't","start":3418.94,"end":3419.5},{"text":"hear","start":3419.5,"end":3419.62},{"text":"you","start":3419.62,"end":3419.7},{"text":"yet.","start":3419.7,"end":3419.98}]},{"text":"You have to put on your mic.","start":3421.42,"end":3422.78,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":3421.42,"end":3421.5},{"text":"have","start":3421.5,"end":3421.66},{"text":"to","start":3421.66,"end":3421.86},{"text":"put","start":3421.86,"end":3422.06},{"text":"on","start":3422.1,"end":3422.22},{"text":"your","start":3422.22,"end":3422.34},{"text":"mic.","start":3422.34,"end":3422.78}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":46,"start":3424.1,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=3425","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Okay, can you hear me now?","start":3424.1,"end":3424.98,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Okay,","start":3424.1,"end":3424.3},{"text":"can","start":3424.3,"end":3424.54},{"text":"you","start":3424.54,"end":3424.62},{"text":"hear","start":3424.62,"end":3424.74},{"text":"me","start":3424.74,"end":3424.86},{"text":"now?","start":3424.86,"end":3424.98}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Nick","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Journalist"}},{"statement_number":47,"start":3425.02,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=3426","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Yeah, that's fine.","start":3425.02,"end":3425.66,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yeah,","start":3425.02,"end":3425.14},{"text":"that's","start":3425.14,"end":3425.42},{"text":"fine.","start":3425.42,"end":3425.66}]},{"text":"Go ahead.","start":3425.9,"end":3426.22,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Go","start":3425.9,"end":3426.02},{"text":"ahead.","start":3426.02,"end":3426.22}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":48,"start":3426.74,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=3427","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Cool. Thank you. Hello, James.","start":3426.74,"end":3428.02,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Cool.","start":3426.74,"end":3426.94},{"text":"Thank","start":3427.02,"end":3427.18},{"text":"you.","start":3427.18,"end":3427.34},{"text":"Hello,","start":3427.5,"end":3427.74},{"text":"James.","start":3427.74,"end":3428.02}]},{"text":"Good to see you in your Austrian incarnation.","start":3428.02,"end":3430.46,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":3428.02,"end":3428.14},{"text":"to","start":3428.14,"end":3428.22},{"text":"see","start":3428.22,"end":3428.46},{"text":"you","start":3428.46,"end":3428.54},{"text":"in","start":3428.54,"end":3428.7},{"text":"your","start":3428.7,"end":3428.82},{"text":"Austrian","start":3429.34,"end":3429.82},{"text":"incarnation.","start":3429.82,"end":3430.46}]},{"text":"A number of questions.","start":3432.63,"end":3434.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"A","start":3432.63,"end":3432.67},{"text":"number","start":3432.67,"end":3432.99},{"text":"of","start":3432.99,"end":3433.07},{"text":"questions.","start":3433.43,"end":3434.07}]},{"text":"One very specific one, the report refers to 140,000 Rohingya who fled to Bangladesh.","start":3434.47,"end":3440.31,"topics":[{"key":"rohingya-abuses","label":"Rohingya Abuses and Displacement","description":"Speakers highlighted ongoing widespread and systematic abuses against the Rohingya, including torture, forced labour, recruitment, arbitrary detention, and renewed displacement. The discussion also referenced the continuing outflow of Rohingya to Bangladesh and other destinations since the escalation in Rakhine State."}],"words":[{"text":"One","start":3434.47,"end":3434.79},{"text":"very","start":3434.79,"end":3435.03},{"text":"specific","start":3435.03,"end":3435.47},{"text":"one,","start":3435.47,"end":3435.67},{"text":"the","start":3435.67,"end":3435.79},{"text":"report","start":3435.79,"end":3436.15},{"text":"refers","start":3436.15,"end":3436.55},{"text":"to","start":3436.55,"end":3436.67},{"text":"140,000","start":3436.67,"end":3438.31},{"text":"Rohingya","start":3438.55,"end":3439.19},{"text":"who","start":3439.19,"end":3439.35},{"text":"fled","start":3439.35,"end":3439.67},{"text":"to","start":3439.67,"end":3439.75},{"text":"Bangladesh.","start":3439.75,"end":3440.31}]},{"text":"I just want to check, is that within the reporting period of this report or is it this year or when exactly does that apply to?","start":3440.31,"end":3447.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3440.31,"end":3440.35},{"text":"just","start":3440.35,"end":3440.55},{"text":"want","start":3440.55,"end":3440.75},{"text":"to","start":3440.75,"end":3440.83},{"text":"check,","start":3440.83,"end":3440.99},{"text":"is","start":3440.99,"end":3441.11},{"text":"that","start":3441.11,"end":3441.35},{"text":"within","start":3441.83,"end":3442.23},{"text":"the","start":3442.39,"end":3442.59},{"text":"reporting","start":3442.59,"end":3443.11},{"text":"period","start":3443.11,"end":3443.47},{"text":"of","start":3443.47,"end":3443.55},{"text":"this","start":3443.55,"end":3443.75},{"text":"report","start":3443.75,"end":3444.23},{"text":"or","start":3444.23,"end":3444.47},{"text":"is","start":3444.63,"end":3444.75},{"text":"it","start":3444.75,"end":3444.87},{"text":"this","start":3444.87,"end":3445.11},{"text":"year","start":3445.11,"end":3445.59},{"text":"or","start":3445.59,"end":3445.71},{"text":"when","start":3445.71,"end":3446.15},{"text":"exactly","start":3446.15,"end":3446.63},{"text":"does","start":3446.63,"end":3446.91},{"text":"that","start":3446.91,"end":3447.07},{"text":"apply","start":3447.07,"end":3447.43},{"text":"to?","start":3447.43,"end":3447.75}]},{"text":"A second question was, ICRC had access to Aung San Suu Kyi earlier this month.","start":3449.83,"end":3456.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"A","start":3449.83,"end":3449.87},{"text":"second","start":3449.87,"end":3450.15},{"text":"question","start":3450.23,"end":3450.59},{"text":"was,","start":3450.59,"end":3451.03},{"text":"ICRC","start":3452.15,"end":3452.95},{"text":"had","start":3452.95,"end":3453.15},{"text":"access","start":3453.27,"end":3453.91},{"text":"to","start":3453.91,"end":3454.15},{"text":"Aung","start":3454.39,"end":3454.55},{"text":"San","start":3454.55,"end":3454.75},{"text":"Suu","start":3454.75,"end":3455.27},{"text":"Kyi","start":3455.27,"end":3455.47},{"text":"earlier","start":3455.47,"end":3455.83},{"text":"this","start":3455.83,"end":3456.15},{"text":"month.","start":3456.15,"end":3456.63}]},{"text":"Is that indicative of any kind of softening line either towards her or to other political detainees?","start":3458.87,"end":3464.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Is","start":3458.87,"end":3459.07},{"text":"that","start":3459.07,"end":3459.19},{"text":"indicative","start":3459.19,"end":3459.83},{"text":"of","start":3459.87,"end":3459.99},{"text":"any","start":3460.07,"end":3460.39},{"text":"kind","start":3460.39,"end":3460.71},{"text":"of","start":3460.71,"end":3460.79},{"text":"softening","start":3460.79,"end":3461.59},{"text":"line","start":3461.83,"end":3462.39},{"text":"either","start":3462.55,"end":3462.79},{"text":"towards","start":3462.79,"end":3463.19},{"text":"her","start":3463.19,"end":3463.43},{"text":"or","start":3463.43,"end":3463.63},{"text":"to","start":3463.63,"end":3463.71},{"text":"other","start":3463.71,"end":3463.91},{"text":"political","start":3463.91,"end":3464.35},{"text":"detainees?","start":3464.35,"end":3464.91}]},{"text":"Is anybody else having access?","start":3464.91,"end":3466.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Is","start":3464.91,"end":3465.03},{"text":"anybody","start":3465.03,"end":3465.39},{"text":"else","start":3465.39,"end":3465.59},{"text":"having","start":3465.59,"end":3465.99},{"text":"access?","start":3465.99,"end":3466.55}]},{"text":"Did the UN itself request and what was, if so, did it get an answer to that request for access to her?","start":3467.07,"end":3474.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Did","start":3467.07,"end":3467.23},{"text":"the","start":3467.23,"end":3467.35},{"text":"UN","start":3467.35,"end":3467.79},{"text":"itself","start":3467.79,"end":3468.31},{"text":"request","start":3468.71,"end":3469.35},{"text":"and","start":3469.63,"end":3470.23},{"text":"what","start":3470.31,"end":3470.63},{"text":"was,","start":3470.63,"end":3470.79},{"text":"if","start":3470.99,"end":3471.11},{"text":"so,","start":3471.35,"end":3471.59},{"text":"did","start":3471.59,"end":3471.83},{"text":"it","start":3471.83,"end":3471.91},{"text":"get","start":3471.91,"end":3472.23},{"text":"an","start":3472.23,"end":3472.31},{"text":"answer","start":3472.31,"end":3472.59},{"text":"to","start":3472.59,"end":3472.71},{"text":"that","start":3472.71,"end":3472.87},{"text":"request","start":3472.87,"end":3473.43},{"text":"for","start":3473.67,"end":3473.83},{"text":"access","start":3473.83,"end":3474.23},{"text":"to","start":3474.23,"end":3474.55},{"text":"her?","start":3474.55,"end":3474.79}]},{"text":"And a third question, if I may, just in relation to scam centers, has there been any consistent action taken to try and contain or control or get rid of those, and are we seeing external involvement in funding them or operating them?","start":3476.87,"end":3496.19,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3476.87,"end":3477.07},{"text":"a","start":3477.07,"end":3477.11},{"text":"third","start":3477.11,"end":3477.43},{"text":"question,","start":3477.43,"end":3477.83},{"text":"if","start":3477.87,"end":3477.99},{"text":"I","start":3477.99,"end":3478.07},{"text":"may,","start":3478.07,"end":3478.47},{"text":"just","start":3479.51,"end":3479.75},{"text":"in","start":3479.75,"end":3479.87},{"text":"relation","start":3479.87,"end":3480.31},{"text":"to","start":3480.31,"end":3480.39},{"text":"scam","start":3480.39,"end":3480.79},{"text":"centers,","start":3480.79,"end":3481.51},{"text":"has","start":3481.91,"end":3482.11},{"text":"there","start":3482.11,"end":3482.23},{"text":"been","start":3482.23,"end":3482.55},{"text":"any","start":3482.55,"end":3482.87},{"text":"consistent","start":3484.31,"end":3484.83},{"text":"action","start":3484.83,"end":3485.35},{"text":"taken","start":3485.35,"end":3485.83},{"text":"to","start":3485.83,"end":3486.07},{"text":"try","start":3486.15,"end":3486.55},{"text":"and","start":3486.55,"end":3486.67},{"text":"contain","start":3486.67,"end":3487.15},{"text":"or","start":3487.15,"end":3487.23},{"text":"control","start":3487.23,"end":3487.79},{"text":"or","start":3487.79,"end":3487.87},{"text":"get","start":3487.87,"end":3488.03},{"text":"rid","start":3488.03,"end":3488.27},{"text":"of","start":3488.27,"end":3488.43},{"text":"those,","start":3488.43,"end":3488.87},{"text":"and","start":3489.47,"end":3489.75},{"text":"are","start":3490.75,"end":3490.83},{"text":"we","start":3490.83,"end":3490.95},{"text":"seeing","start":3490.95,"end":3491.51},{"text":"external","start":3491.59,"end":3492.11},{"text":"involvement","start":3492.11,"end":3492.87},{"text":"in","start":3493.35,"end":3493.91},{"text":"funding","start":3493.91,"end":3494.31},{"text":"them","start":3494.31,"end":3494.47},{"text":"or","start":3494.47,"end":3494.95},{"text":"operating","start":3495.51,"end":3495.99},{"text":"them?","start":3495.99,"end":3496.19}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":3496.19,"end":3496.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3496.19,"end":3496.39},{"text":"you.","start":3496.39,"end":3496.47}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Nick","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Journalist"}},{"statement_number":49,"start":3498.87,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=3499","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Okay. No, thank you.","start":3498.87,"end":3500.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Okay.","start":3498.87,"end":3499.03},{"text":"No,","start":3499.67,"end":3499.83},{"text":"thank","start":3499.83,"end":3500.03},{"text":"you.","start":3500.07,"end":3500.31}]},{"text":"Thank you very much, Nick.","start":3500.87,"end":3501.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3500.87,"end":3501.11},{"text":"you","start":3501.11,"end":3501.19},{"text":"very","start":3501.19,"end":3501.35},{"text":"much,","start":3501.35,"end":3501.59},{"text":"Nick.","start":3501.59,"end":3501.91}]},{"text":"Yes, the figure of 140,000, that is the official figure that is that is put forward by UNHCR and it tracks the movement of Rohingya, particularly since January 2024.","start":3503.55,"end":3522.31,"topics":[{"key":"rohingya-abuses","label":"Rohingya Abuses and Displacement","description":"Speakers highlighted ongoing widespread and systematic abuses against the Rohingya, including torture, forced labour, recruitment, arbitrary detention, and renewed displacement. The discussion also referenced the continuing outflow of Rohingya to Bangladesh and other destinations since the escalation in Rakhine State."}],"words":[{"text":"Yes,","start":3503.55,"end":3503.83},{"text":"the","start":3504.15,"end":3504.39},{"text":"figure","start":3504.59,"end":3504.91},{"text":"of","start":3504.91,"end":3504.99},{"text":"140,000,","start":3504.99,"end":3506.39},{"text":"that","start":3506.39,"end":3506.63},{"text":"is","start":3506.63,"end":3506.95},{"text":"the","start":3507.51,"end":3507.71},{"text":"official","start":3507.71,"end":3508.07},{"text":"figure","start":3508.07,"end":3508.55},{"text":"that","start":3508.63,"end":3509.11},{"text":"is","start":3509.19,"end":3509.91},{"text":"that","start":3511.19,"end":3511.35},{"text":"is","start":3511.35,"end":3511.59},{"text":"put","start":3511.99,"end":3512.15},{"text":"forward","start":3512.15,"end":3512.79},{"text":"by","start":3513.11,"end":3513.51},{"text":"UNHCR","start":3513.83,"end":3514.87},{"text":"and","start":3515.59,"end":3516.15},{"text":"it","start":3516.79,"end":3516.99},{"text":"tracks","start":3516.99,"end":3517.51},{"text":"the","start":3517.51,"end":3517.67},{"text":"movement","start":3517.67,"end":3518.19},{"text":"of","start":3518.19,"end":3518.31},{"text":"Rohingya,","start":3518.31,"end":3518.71},{"text":"particularly","start":3518.71,"end":3519.67},{"text":"since","start":3519.91,"end":3520.19},{"text":"January","start":3520.19,"end":3521.11},{"text":"2024.","start":3521.35,"end":3522.31}]},{"text":"So that's over the period in which a large number of Rohingya have started going to the camps or trying to get to the camps in Cox's Bazar since the AA started the process of taking control of large swaths of Rakhine State.","start":3523.27,"end":3544.87,"topics":[{"key":"rohingya-abuses","label":"Rohingya Abuses and Displacement","description":"Speakers highlighted ongoing widespread and systematic abuses against the Rohingya, including torture, forced labour, recruitment, arbitrary detention, and renewed displacement. The discussion also referenced the continuing outflow of Rohingya to Bangladesh and other destinations since the escalation in Rakhine State."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3523.27,"end":3523.59},{"text":"that's","start":3523.59,"end":3523.91},{"text":"over","start":3523.91,"end":3524.39},{"text":"the","start":3524.39,"end":3524.47},{"text":"period","start":3524.47,"end":3524.95},{"text":"in","start":3524.95,"end":3525.07},{"text":"which","start":3525.07,"end":3525.67},{"text":"a","start":3527.27,"end":3527.31},{"text":"large","start":3527.31,"end":3527.67},{"text":"number","start":3527.67,"end":3528.11},{"text":"of","start":3528.11,"end":3528.23},{"text":"Rohingya","start":3528.23,"end":3528.79},{"text":"have","start":3528.87,"end":3529.27},{"text":"started","start":3529.43,"end":3530.07},{"text":"going","start":3530.07,"end":3530.55},{"text":"to","start":3530.55,"end":3530.79},{"text":"the","start":3530.87,"end":3531.35},{"text":"camps","start":3531.35,"end":3531.87},{"text":"or","start":3531.87,"end":3531.99},{"text":"trying","start":3531.99,"end":3532.39},{"text":"to","start":3532.39,"end":3532.55},{"text":"get","start":3532.55,"end":3532.75},{"text":"to","start":3532.75,"end":3532.83},{"text":"the","start":3532.83,"end":3532.91},{"text":"camps","start":3532.91,"end":3533.27},{"text":"in","start":3533.27,"end":3533.43},{"text":"Cox's","start":3533.43,"end":3533.87},{"text":"Bazar","start":3533.87,"end":3534.39},{"text":"since","start":3535.11,"end":3535.67},{"text":"the","start":3535.67,"end":3535.79},{"text":"AA","start":3535.79,"end":3536.71},{"text":"started","start":3537.15,"end":3538.55},{"text":"the","start":3538.87,"end":3539.11},{"text":"process","start":3539.11,"end":3539.59},{"text":"of","start":3539.59,"end":3539.67},{"text":"taking","start":3539.67,"end":3540.07},{"text":"control","start":3540.07,"end":3540.79},{"text":"of","start":3540.79,"end":3541.11},{"text":"large","start":3541.43,"end":3541.67},{"text":"swaths","start":3541.67,"end":3542.39},{"text":"of","start":3542.43,"end":3542.71},{"text":"Rakhine","start":3543.83,"end":3544.39},{"text":"State.","start":3544.39,"end":3544.87}]},{"text":"with the key inflection points there in May 2024, August 2024, and then sort of consolidating that control by the end of that year.","start":3546.59,"end":3558.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"with","start":3546.59,"end":3546.91},{"text":"the","start":3546.99,"end":3547.19},{"text":"key","start":3547.19,"end":3547.83},{"text":"inflection","start":3547.83,"end":3548.59},{"text":"points","start":3548.59,"end":3548.99},{"text":"there","start":3548.99,"end":3549.39},{"text":"in","start":3549.39,"end":3549.87},{"text":"May","start":3549.87,"end":3550.11},{"text":"2024,","start":3550.11,"end":3551.31},{"text":"August","start":3551.63,"end":3552.07},{"text":"2024,","start":3552.07,"end":3553.15},{"text":"and","start":3553.15,"end":3553.35},{"text":"then","start":3553.35,"end":3553.79},{"text":"sort","start":3553.79,"end":3554.07},{"text":"of","start":3554.07,"end":3554.15},{"text":"consolidating","start":3554.15,"end":3555.07},{"text":"that","start":3555.07,"end":3555.19},{"text":"control","start":3555.19,"end":3555.87},{"text":"by","start":3555.87,"end":3556.19},{"text":"the","start":3556.19,"end":3556.31},{"text":"end","start":3556.35,"end":3556.67},{"text":"of","start":3556.67,"end":3556.99},{"text":"that","start":3557.31,"end":3557.63},{"text":"year.","start":3557.63,"end":3558.11}]},{"text":"But people have still continued to leave even thereafter in increasingly greater numbers.","start":3559.47,"end":3565.47,"topics":[{"key":"rohingya-abuses","label":"Rohingya Abuses and Displacement","description":"Speakers highlighted ongoing widespread and systematic abuses against the Rohingya, including torture, forced labour, recruitment, arbitrary detention, and renewed displacement. The discussion also referenced the continuing outflow of Rohingya to Bangladesh and other destinations since the escalation in Rakhine State."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":3559.47,"end":3559.79},{"text":"people","start":3560.03,"end":3560.35},{"text":"have","start":3560.35,"end":3560.51},{"text":"still","start":3560.51,"end":3560.91},{"text":"continued","start":3560.91,"end":3561.55},{"text":"to","start":3561.55,"end":3561.67},{"text":"leave","start":3561.67,"end":3562.19},{"text":"even","start":3562.51,"end":3562.91},{"text":"thereafter","start":3562.91,"end":3563.55},{"text":"in","start":3563.55,"end":3563.67},{"text":"increasingly","start":3563.67,"end":3564.51},{"text":"greater","start":3564.51,"end":3564.83},{"text":"numbers.","start":3564.83,"end":3565.47}]},{"text":"And that includes also, of course, this is the figures of those that have gone to Bangladesh, but of course, Many thousands of Rohingyas have sought boats out of Rakhine State to try and make their way to Thailand or to Malaysia or to other areas by extremely perilous, unseaworthy vessels.","start":3566.03,"end":3587.31,"topics":[{"key":"rohingya-abuses","label":"Rohingya Abuses and Displacement","description":"Speakers highlighted ongoing widespread and systematic abuses against the Rohingya, including torture, forced labour, recruitment, arbitrary detention, and renewed displacement. The discussion also referenced the continuing outflow of Rohingya to Bangladesh and other destinations since the escalation in Rakhine State."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3566.03,"end":3566.19},{"text":"that","start":3566.19,"end":3566.35},{"text":"includes","start":3566.35,"end":3566.75},{"text":"also,","start":3566.75,"end":3567.39},{"text":"of","start":3567.67,"end":3567.75},{"text":"course,","start":3567.75,"end":3568.03},{"text":"this","start":3568.03,"end":3568.31},{"text":"is","start":3568.31,"end":3568.43},{"text":"the","start":3568.43,"end":3568.55},{"text":"figures","start":3568.55,"end":3568.91},{"text":"of","start":3568.91,"end":3568.99},{"text":"those","start":3568.99,"end":3569.23},{"text":"that","start":3569.23,"end":3569.35},{"text":"have","start":3569.35,"end":3569.47},{"text":"gone","start":3569.47,"end":3569.63},{"text":"to","start":3569.63,"end":3569.71},{"text":"Bangladesh,","start":3569.71,"end":3570.27},{"text":"but","start":3570.27,"end":3570.39},{"text":"of","start":3570.39,"end":3570.51},{"text":"course,","start":3570.51,"end":3570.83},{"text":"Many","start":3571.47,"end":3571.79},{"text":"thousands","start":3571.79,"end":3572.43},{"text":"of","start":3572.43,"end":3572.51},{"text":"Rohingyas","start":3572.51,"end":3573.15},{"text":"have","start":3573.23,"end":3573.39},{"text":"sought","start":3573.39,"end":3574.11},{"text":"boats","start":3574.83,"end":3575.55},{"text":"out","start":3575.55,"end":3576.11},{"text":"of","start":3576.23,"end":3576.51},{"text":"Rakhine","start":3576.51,"end":3577.23},{"text":"State","start":3577.23,"end":3577.87},{"text":"to","start":3578.43,"end":3578.63},{"text":"try","start":3578.63,"end":3578.79},{"text":"and","start":3578.79,"end":3578.91},{"text":"make","start":3578.91,"end":3579.15},{"text":"their","start":3579.15,"end":3579.31},{"text":"way","start":3579.31,"end":3579.47},{"text":"to","start":3579.47,"end":3579.55},{"text":"Thailand","start":3579.55,"end":3580.27},{"text":"or","start":3580.27,"end":3580.43},{"text":"to","start":3580.43,"end":3580.55},{"text":"Malaysia","start":3580.55,"end":3581.31},{"text":"or","start":3581.31,"end":3581.47},{"text":"to","start":3581.47,"end":3581.59},{"text":"other","start":3581.59,"end":3581.83},{"text":"areas","start":3581.83,"end":3582.27},{"text":"by","start":3582.27,"end":3582.67},{"text":"extremely","start":3583.07,"end":3583.79},{"text":"perilous,","start":3583.79,"end":3584.27},{"text":"unseaworthy","start":3585.39,"end":3586.59},{"text":"vessels.","start":3586.67,"end":3587.31}]},{"text":"So I hope that answers that question.","start":3589.79,"end":3591.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3589.79,"end":3589.91},{"text":"I","start":3589.91,"end":3589.95},{"text":"hope","start":3589.95,"end":3590.15},{"text":"that","start":3590.15,"end":3590.31},{"text":"answers","start":3590.31,"end":3590.67},{"text":"that","start":3590.67,"end":3590.87},{"text":"question.","start":3590.87,"end":3591.31}]},{"text":"Your second question on the access that was granted Don San Suu Kyi, we of course took took note of that, the way that it was publicized, which in some ways seems tantamount to parading of a detainee.","start":3591.47,"end":3611.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Your","start":3591.47,"end":3591.71},{"text":"second","start":3591.71,"end":3592.03},{"text":"question","start":3592.03,"end":3592.75},{"text":"on","start":3592.75,"end":3593.23},{"text":"the","start":3593.79,"end":3593.95},{"text":"access","start":3594.11,"end":3594.59},{"text":"that","start":3594.63,"end":3594.75},{"text":"was","start":3594.75,"end":3594.91},{"text":"granted","start":3594.91,"end":3595.43},{"text":"Don","start":3595.43,"end":3595.71},{"text":"San","start":3595.71,"end":3595.87},{"text":"Suu","start":3595.87,"end":3596.11},{"text":"Kyi,","start":3596.11,"end":3596.51},{"text":"we","start":3598.03,"end":3598.75},{"text":"of","start":3598.75,"end":3598.83},{"text":"course","start":3598.83,"end":3599.23},{"text":"took","start":3599.47,"end":3599.79},{"text":"took","start":3600.07,"end":3600.27},{"text":"note","start":3600.31,"end":3600.79},{"text":"of","start":3600.83,"end":3601.07},{"text":"that,","start":3601.07,"end":3601.75},{"text":"the","start":3601.75,"end":3601.87},{"text":"way","start":3601.87,"end":3602.39},{"text":"that","start":3602.55,"end":3602.87},{"text":"it","start":3602.87,"end":3603.07},{"text":"was","start":3603.07,"end":3603.35},{"text":"publicized,","start":3603.35,"end":3604.47},{"text":"which","start":3606.07,"end":3606.55},{"text":"in","start":3606.79,"end":3606.95},{"text":"some","start":3606.95,"end":3607.19},{"text":"ways","start":3607.19,"end":3607.39},{"text":"seems","start":3607.39,"end":3607.75},{"text":"tantamount","start":3607.75,"end":3608.43},{"text":"to","start":3608.43,"end":3608.55},{"text":"parading","start":3608.55,"end":3609.51},{"text":"of","start":3610.67,"end":3610.79},{"text":"a","start":3610.79,"end":3610.83},{"text":"detainee.","start":3610.83,"end":3611.67}]},{"text":"And I can't really comment on the requests for access to her by the UN.","start":3611.83,"end":3618.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3611.83,"end":3612.47},{"text":"I","start":3614.39,"end":3614.55},{"text":"can't","start":3614.55,"end":3614.87},{"text":"really","start":3614.87,"end":3615.03},{"text":"comment","start":3615.03,"end":3615.75},{"text":"on","start":3615.83,"end":3616.23},{"text":"the","start":3616.23,"end":3616.43},{"text":"requests","start":3616.43,"end":3617.07},{"text":"for","start":3617.07,"end":3617.27},{"text":"access","start":3617.27,"end":3617.75},{"text":"to","start":3617.75,"end":3617.91},{"text":"her","start":3617.91,"end":3618.07},{"text":"by","start":3618.07,"end":3618.23},{"text":"the","start":3618.23,"end":3618.35},{"text":"UN.","start":3618.35,"end":3618.87}]},{"text":"Those efforts, of course, are led by the special envoy of the Secretary General.","start":3619.27,"end":3623.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Those","start":3619.27,"end":3619.59},{"text":"efforts,","start":3619.59,"end":3619.99},{"text":"of","start":3619.99,"end":3620.07},{"text":"course,","start":3620.07,"end":3620.31},{"text":"are","start":3620.31,"end":3620.47},{"text":"led","start":3620.47,"end":3620.71},{"text":"by","start":3620.71,"end":3620.87},{"text":"the","start":3620.87,"end":3620.95},{"text":"special","start":3620.95,"end":3621.35},{"text":"envoy","start":3621.35,"end":3621.75},{"text":"of","start":3621.87,"end":3621.95},{"text":"the","start":3621.99,"end":3622.07},{"text":"Secretary","start":3622.07,"end":3622.55},{"text":"General.","start":3622.55,"end":3623.03}]},{"text":"And she has been making requests to visit Aung San Suu Kyi for years now.","start":3623.39,"end":3629.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3623.39,"end":3623.87},{"text":"she","start":3623.95,"end":3624.19},{"text":"has","start":3624.19,"end":3624.43},{"text":"been","start":3624.43,"end":3624.59},{"text":"making","start":3624.59,"end":3624.99},{"text":"requests","start":3624.99,"end":3626.03},{"text":"to","start":3626.43,"end":3626.63},{"text":"visit","start":3626.63,"end":3626.95},{"text":"Aung","start":3626.95,"end":3627.07},{"text":"San","start":3627.07,"end":3627.31},{"text":"Suu","start":3627.31,"end":3627.71},{"text":"Kyi","start":3627.71,"end":3627.95},{"text":"for","start":3628.43,"end":3629.23},{"text":"years","start":3629.23,"end":3629.55},{"text":"now.","start":3629.55,"end":3629.99}]},{"text":"And those have been, in all the past instances that I know about, those have been rejected.","start":3630.43,"end":3639.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3630.43,"end":3630.83},{"text":"those","start":3630.83,"end":3631.23},{"text":"have","start":3631.23,"end":3631.47},{"text":"been,","start":3631.47,"end":3632.03},{"text":"in","start":3633.87,"end":3634.11},{"text":"all","start":3634.43,"end":3634.63},{"text":"the","start":3634.63,"end":3634.75},{"text":"past","start":3634.75,"end":3635.15},{"text":"instances","start":3635.15,"end":3635.79},{"text":"that","start":3635.79,"end":3635.95},{"text":"I","start":3636.03,"end":3636.19},{"text":"know","start":3636.19,"end":3636.43},{"text":"about,","start":3636.43,"end":3636.91},{"text":"those","start":3637.79,"end":3638.19},{"text":"have","start":3638.19,"end":3638.35},{"text":"been","start":3638.35,"end":3638.59},{"text":"rejected.","start":3638.59,"end":3639.15}]},{"text":"So I don't know if requests have been made since the publication of those photos, but I would be very interested to find out the answer to that question as well.","start":3639.71,"end":3651.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3639.71,"end":3640.35},{"text":"I","start":3640.59,"end":3640.67},{"text":"don't","start":3640.67,"end":3640.95},{"text":"know","start":3640.95,"end":3641.15},{"text":"if","start":3641.15,"end":3641.79},{"text":"requests","start":3642.11,"end":3642.51},{"text":"have","start":3642.51,"end":3642.63},{"text":"been","start":3642.63,"end":3642.75},{"text":"made","start":3642.75,"end":3642.99},{"text":"since","start":3642.99,"end":3643.63},{"text":"the","start":3643.63,"end":3643.79},{"text":"publication","start":3644.67,"end":3645.27},{"text":"of","start":3645.27,"end":3645.39},{"text":"those","start":3645.39,"end":3645.63},{"text":"photos,","start":3645.63,"end":3646.43},{"text":"but","start":3647.31,"end":3647.79},{"text":"I","start":3647.95,"end":3647.99},{"text":"would","start":3647.99,"end":3648.11},{"text":"be","start":3648.11,"end":3648.27},{"text":"very","start":3648.27,"end":3648.47},{"text":"interested","start":3648.47,"end":3648.91},{"text":"to","start":3648.91,"end":3648.99},{"text":"find","start":3648.99,"end":3649.23},{"text":"out","start":3649.23,"end":3649.63},{"text":"the","start":3649.63,"end":3649.83},{"text":"answer","start":3649.83,"end":3650.15},{"text":"to","start":3650.15,"end":3650.23},{"text":"that","start":3650.23,"end":3650.35},{"text":"question","start":3650.35,"end":3650.87},{"text":"as","start":3650.87,"end":3650.99},{"text":"well.","start":3650.99,"end":3651.47}]},{"text":"Your final question on scam centers, no, there has not been consistent action taken to contain their operations or to diminish their operations.","start":3652.47,"end":3661.23,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Your","start":3652.47,"end":3652.71},{"text":"final","start":3652.71,"end":3653.11},{"text":"question","start":3653.11,"end":3653.55},{"text":"on","start":3653.55,"end":3653.67},{"text":"scam","start":3653.67,"end":3654.15},{"text":"centers,","start":3654.15,"end":3654.71},{"text":"no,","start":3655.51,"end":3655.83},{"text":"there","start":3655.83,"end":3655.99},{"text":"has","start":3655.99,"end":3656.11},{"text":"not","start":3656.11,"end":3656.31},{"text":"been","start":3656.31,"end":3656.55},{"text":"consistent","start":3656.55,"end":3657.19},{"text":"action","start":3657.19,"end":3657.59},{"text":"taken","start":3657.59,"end":3657.99},{"text":"to","start":3657.99,"end":3658.23},{"text":"contain","start":3658.23,"end":3658.67},{"text":"their","start":3658.67,"end":3658.87},{"text":"operations","start":3658.87,"end":3659.67},{"text":"or","start":3659.67,"end":3659.75},{"text":"to","start":3659.75,"end":3659.91},{"text":"diminish","start":3659.91,"end":3660.39},{"text":"their","start":3660.39,"end":3660.59},{"text":"operations.","start":3660.59,"end":3661.23}]},{"text":"In fact, the scam centers, whenever they have been set upon by police, of course, there's a lot of news made around efforts to free internationals being held by the organized criminal networks running the scam centers.","start":3661.23,"end":3680.07,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3661.23,"end":3661.35},{"text":"fact,","start":3661.35,"end":3661.59},{"text":"the","start":3661.59,"end":3661.67},{"text":"scam","start":3661.67,"end":3661.99},{"text":"centers,","start":3661.99,"end":3662.47},{"text":"whenever","start":3663.07,"end":3663.51},{"text":"they","start":3663.51,"end":3663.67},{"text":"have","start":3663.67,"end":3663.99},{"text":"been","start":3663.99,"end":3664.47},{"text":"set","start":3665.19,"end":3665.55},{"text":"upon","start":3665.55,"end":3665.91},{"text":"by","start":3665.91,"end":3666.15},{"text":"police,","start":3666.15,"end":3666.87},{"text":"of","start":3668.03,"end":3668.15},{"text":"course,","start":3668.15,"end":3668.47},{"text":"there's","start":3668.47,"end":3668.75},{"text":"a","start":3668.75,"end":3668.79},{"text":"lot","start":3668.79,"end":3668.99},{"text":"of","start":3668.99,"end":3669.11},{"text":"news","start":3669.11,"end":3669.51},{"text":"made","start":3669.51,"end":3669.75},{"text":"around","start":3669.75,"end":3670.15},{"text":"efforts","start":3670.15,"end":3670.71},{"text":"to","start":3670.71,"end":3671.11},{"text":"free","start":3672.23,"end":3672.87},{"text":"internationals","start":3673.43,"end":3674.47},{"text":"being","start":3674.47,"end":3674.79},{"text":"held","start":3674.79,"end":3675.11},{"text":"by","start":3675.11,"end":3675.59},{"text":"the","start":3676.15,"end":3676.35},{"text":"organized","start":3677.35,"end":3677.91},{"text":"criminal","start":3677.91,"end":3678.27},{"text":"networks","start":3678.27,"end":3678.75},{"text":"running","start":3678.75,"end":3679.11},{"text":"the","start":3679.11,"end":3679.19},{"text":"scam","start":3679.19,"end":3679.51},{"text":"centers.","start":3679.51,"end":3680.07}]},{"text":"But what is not discussed are the thousands still that remain in the clutches of those networks.","start":3680.95,"end":3687.83,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":3680.95,"end":3681.23},{"text":"what","start":3681.23,"end":3681.43},{"text":"is","start":3681.43,"end":3681.67},{"text":"not","start":3681.67,"end":3682.15},{"text":"discussed","start":3682.39,"end":3683.43},{"text":"are","start":3683.43,"end":3684.15},{"text":"the","start":3684.15,"end":3684.27},{"text":"thousands","start":3684.27,"end":3684.87},{"text":"still","start":3684.87,"end":3685.19},{"text":"that","start":3685.19,"end":3685.35},{"text":"remain","start":3685.35,"end":3685.91},{"text":"in","start":3685.91,"end":3686.07},{"text":"the","start":3686.07,"end":3686.15},{"text":"clutches","start":3686.15,"end":3686.79},{"text":"of","start":3686.83,"end":3686.99},{"text":"those","start":3686.99,"end":3687.19},{"text":"networks.","start":3687.19,"end":3687.83}]},{"text":"And oftentimes those centers do not shut down, they simply move and move to other parts of Myanmar or move to other countries in the region where they continue to operate.","start":3688.23,"end":3701.51,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3688.23,"end":3688.47},{"text":"oftentimes","start":3688.47,"end":3689.35},{"text":"those","start":3689.67,"end":3689.91},{"text":"centers","start":3689.91,"end":3690.31},{"text":"do","start":3690.31,"end":3690.43},{"text":"not","start":3690.43,"end":3690.63},{"text":"shut","start":3690.63,"end":3690.95},{"text":"down,","start":3690.95,"end":3691.27},{"text":"they","start":3691.27,"end":3691.43},{"text":"simply","start":3691.43,"end":3691.79},{"text":"move","start":3691.79,"end":3692.23},{"text":"and","start":3693.51,"end":3693.91},{"text":"move","start":3693.91,"end":3694.31},{"text":"to","start":3694.31,"end":3694.47},{"text":"other","start":3694.55,"end":3694.75},{"text":"parts","start":3694.75,"end":3695.27},{"text":"of","start":3695.63,"end":3695.91},{"text":"Myanmar","start":3696.23,"end":3696.95},{"text":"or","start":3696.95,"end":3697.35},{"text":"move","start":3697.35,"end":3697.75},{"text":"to","start":3697.75,"end":3697.99},{"text":"other","start":3698.15,"end":3698.39},{"text":"countries","start":3698.39,"end":3699.03},{"text":"in","start":3699.03,"end":3699.19},{"text":"the","start":3699.19,"end":3699.31},{"text":"region","start":3699.31,"end":3699.83},{"text":"where","start":3700.03,"end":3700.23},{"text":"they","start":3700.23,"end":3700.39},{"text":"continue","start":3700.39,"end":3700.83},{"text":"to","start":3700.83,"end":3700.91},{"text":"operate.","start":3700.91,"end":3701.51}]},{"text":"It's rather incredible for us to see, but in many areas, the local communities have become increasingly dependent on the scam centers because they bring much more profitable employment opportunities for them.","start":3702.35,"end":3718.35,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":3702.35,"end":3702.59},{"text":"rather","start":3702.59,"end":3703.15},{"text":"incredible","start":3703.15,"end":3703.95},{"text":"for","start":3704.51,"end":3705.07},{"text":"us","start":3705.07,"end":3705.23},{"text":"to","start":3705.23,"end":3705.35},{"text":"see,","start":3705.39,"end":3705.79},{"text":"but","start":3705.79,"end":3706.11},{"text":"in","start":3706.35,"end":3706.51},{"text":"many","start":3706.51,"end":3706.83},{"text":"areas,","start":3706.83,"end":3707.39},{"text":"the","start":3709.31,"end":3709.55},{"text":"local","start":3709.55,"end":3709.83},{"text":"communities","start":3709.83,"end":3710.35},{"text":"have","start":3710.35,"end":3710.51},{"text":"become","start":3710.51,"end":3710.79},{"text":"increasingly","start":3710.79,"end":3711.39},{"text":"dependent","start":3711.39,"end":3712.03},{"text":"on","start":3712.03,"end":3712.11},{"text":"the","start":3712.11,"end":3712.19},{"text":"scam","start":3712.19,"end":3712.59},{"text":"centers","start":3712.59,"end":3713.15},{"text":"because","start":3713.15,"end":3713.79},{"text":"they","start":3713.87,"end":3714.03},{"text":"bring","start":3714.03,"end":3714.35},{"text":"much","start":3714.35,"end":3714.59},{"text":"more","start":3714.59,"end":3714.83},{"text":"profitable","start":3714.83,"end":3715.55},{"text":"employment","start":3715.79,"end":3716.39},{"text":"opportunities","start":3716.39,"end":3717.31},{"text":"for","start":3717.71,"end":3718.03},{"text":"them.","start":3718.03,"end":3718.35}]},{"text":"So in some cases, that has had a detrimental impact on local agriculture or on other local industries that cannot offer as attractive wages.","start":3718.35,"end":3730.27,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3718.35,"end":3718.75},{"text":"in","start":3719.47,"end":3719.63},{"text":"some","start":3719.63,"end":3719.87},{"text":"cases,","start":3719.87,"end":3720.27},{"text":"that","start":3720.27,"end":3720.43},{"text":"has","start":3720.43,"end":3720.75},{"text":"had","start":3720.75,"end":3720.95},{"text":"a","start":3720.95,"end":3720.99},{"text":"detrimental","start":3720.99,"end":3721.59},{"text":"impact","start":3721.59,"end":3722.03},{"text":"on","start":3722.03,"end":3722.19},{"text":"local","start":3722.19,"end":3722.59},{"text":"agriculture","start":3722.59,"end":3723.39},{"text":"or","start":3724.35,"end":3724.67},{"text":"on","start":3724.67,"end":3724.91},{"text":"other","start":3724.91,"end":3725.15},{"text":"local","start":3725.15,"end":3725.71},{"text":"industries","start":3725.71,"end":3726.51},{"text":"that","start":3727.23,"end":3727.71},{"text":"cannot","start":3728.03,"end":3728.47},{"text":"offer","start":3728.51,"end":3728.95},{"text":"as","start":3728.95,"end":3729.07},{"text":"attractive","start":3729.07,"end":3729.63},{"text":"wages.","start":3729.63,"end":3730.27}]},{"text":"The other thing is that scam centers are actually now building infrastructure in some communities in order to increase their legitimacy.","start":3730.55,"end":3739.11,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3730.55,"end":3730.75},{"text":"other","start":3730.75,"end":3730.91},{"text":"thing","start":3730.91,"end":3731.11},{"text":"is","start":3731.11,"end":3731.43},{"text":"that","start":3731.43,"end":3731.59},{"text":"scam","start":3731.59,"end":3731.99},{"text":"centers","start":3731.99,"end":3732.55},{"text":"are","start":3733.03,"end":3733.27},{"text":"actually","start":3733.27,"end":3733.75},{"text":"now","start":3733.75,"end":3734.07},{"text":"building","start":3734.07,"end":3734.63},{"text":"infrastructure","start":3734.63,"end":3735.59},{"text":"in","start":3735.59,"end":3735.75},{"text":"some","start":3735.75,"end":3735.99},{"text":"communities","start":3735.99,"end":3736.79},{"text":"in","start":3736.79,"end":3736.87},{"text":"order","start":3736.87,"end":3737.11},{"text":"to","start":3737.11,"end":3737.27},{"text":"increase","start":3737.43,"end":3738.15},{"text":"their","start":3738.15,"end":3738.39},{"text":"legitimacy.","start":3738.39,"end":3739.11}]},{"text":"They're building roads, they're building schools, they're building freshwater wells as a way to endear themselves to the local community so they draw less attention to themselves and actually get the local community working with them to keep out armed groups or police efforts to shut them down.","start":3739.11,"end":3764.95,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"They're","start":3739.11,"end":3739.27},{"text":"building","start":3739.27,"end":3739.59},{"text":"roads,","start":3739.59,"end":3740.07},{"text":"they're","start":3740.07,"end":3740.23},{"text":"building","start":3740.23,"end":3740.55},{"text":"schools,","start":3740.55,"end":3741.27},{"text":"they're","start":3742.31,"end":3742.59},{"text":"building","start":3742.59,"end":3743.11},{"text":"freshwater","start":3743.67,"end":3744.39},{"text":"wells","start":3744.39,"end":3745.03},{"text":"as","start":3746.23,"end":3746.39},{"text":"a","start":3746.39,"end":3746.43},{"text":"way","start":3746.43,"end":3746.63},{"text":"to","start":3746.63,"end":3746.75},{"text":"endear","start":3746.75,"end":3747.19},{"text":"themselves","start":3747.19,"end":3747.75},{"text":"to","start":3747.75,"end":3747.87},{"text":"the","start":3747.87,"end":3747.99},{"text":"local","start":3747.99,"end":3748.39},{"text":"community","start":3748.39,"end":3749.11},{"text":"so","start":3749.11,"end":3749.75},{"text":"they","start":3749.75,"end":3750.07},{"text":"draw","start":3750.07,"end":3750.35},{"text":"less","start":3750.35,"end":3750.71},{"text":"attention","start":3750.71,"end":3751.19},{"text":"to","start":3751.19,"end":3751.27},{"text":"themselves","start":3751.27,"end":3752.07},{"text":"and","start":3752.47,"end":3753.27},{"text":"actually","start":3753.27,"end":3753.63},{"text":"get","start":3753.63,"end":3753.79},{"text":"the","start":3753.79,"end":3753.87},{"text":"local","start":3753.87,"end":3754.19},{"text":"community","start":3754.19,"end":3755.35},{"text":"working","start":3755.67,"end":3756.15},{"text":"with","start":3756.15,"end":3756.51},{"text":"them","start":3756.51,"end":3756.87},{"text":"to","start":3758.47,"end":3758.71},{"text":"keep","start":3758.71,"end":3759.11},{"text":"out","start":3759.11,"end":3759.59},{"text":"armed","start":3759.83,"end":3760.15},{"text":"groups","start":3760.15,"end":3760.79},{"text":"or","start":3761.99,"end":3762.47},{"text":"police","start":3762.63,"end":3763.19},{"text":"efforts","start":3763.19,"end":3763.75},{"text":"to","start":3763.75,"end":3763.95},{"text":"shut","start":3763.95,"end":3764.27},{"text":"them","start":3764.27,"end":3764.47},{"text":"down.","start":3764.47,"end":3764.95}]},{"text":"And of course, all of this goes back to the fact that many of these scam centers are actually very profitable for the military and the border guard forces and the EAOs who interact with them.","start":3766.39,"end":3778.15,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3766.39,"end":3766.55},{"text":"of","start":3766.55,"end":3766.63},{"text":"course,","start":3766.63,"end":3766.95},{"text":"all","start":3766.95,"end":3767.07},{"text":"of","start":3767.07,"end":3767.15},{"text":"this","start":3767.15,"end":3767.35},{"text":"goes","start":3767.35,"end":3767.59},{"text":"back","start":3767.59,"end":3767.83},{"text":"to","start":3767.83,"end":3767.95},{"text":"the","start":3767.95,"end":3768.07},{"text":"fact","start":3768.07,"end":3768.27},{"text":"that","start":3768.27,"end":3768.39},{"text":"many","start":3768.39,"end":3768.67},{"text":"of","start":3768.67,"end":3768.75},{"text":"these","start":3768.75,"end":3768.91},{"text":"scam","start":3768.91,"end":3769.27},{"text":"centers","start":3769.27,"end":3769.67},{"text":"are","start":3769.99,"end":3770.19},{"text":"actually","start":3770.19,"end":3770.55},{"text":"very","start":3770.55,"end":3770.95},{"text":"profitable","start":3770.95,"end":3771.83},{"text":"for","start":3772.07,"end":3772.39},{"text":"the","start":3772.39,"end":3772.47},{"text":"military","start":3772.47,"end":3773.27},{"text":"and","start":3773.91,"end":3774.11},{"text":"the","start":3774.11,"end":3774.19},{"text":"border","start":3774.19,"end":3774.47},{"text":"guard","start":3774.47,"end":3774.71},{"text":"forces","start":3774.71,"end":3775.43},{"text":"and","start":3775.43,"end":3775.79},{"text":"the","start":3775.79,"end":3775.87},{"text":"EAOs","start":3775.87,"end":3776.87},{"text":"who","start":3776.95,"end":3777.19},{"text":"interact","start":3777.19,"end":3777.75},{"text":"with","start":3777.75,"end":3777.87},{"text":"them.","start":3777.91,"end":3778.15}]},{"text":"because they are, you know, getting some of the profits that they bring in.","start":3778.71,"end":3783.59,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"because","start":3778.71,"end":3779.19},{"text":"they","start":3779.19,"end":3779.35},{"text":"are,","start":3779.35,"end":3779.75},{"text":"you","start":3780.39,"end":3780.55},{"text":"know,","start":3780.55,"end":3780.67},{"text":"getting","start":3781.03,"end":3781.35},{"text":"some","start":3781.35,"end":3781.63},{"text":"of","start":3781.63,"end":3781.71},{"text":"the","start":3781.71,"end":3781.83},{"text":"profits","start":3781.83,"end":3782.55},{"text":"that","start":3782.79,"end":3782.95},{"text":"they","start":3782.95,"end":3783.11},{"text":"bring","start":3783.11,"end":3783.39},{"text":"in.","start":3783.39,"end":3783.59}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"James Rodheaver","affiliation":"OHCHR","affiliation_full":"OHCHR","group":null,"function":"Chief of the Myanmar team"}},{"statement_number":50,"start":3784.71,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=3785","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Yeah, sorry.","start":3784.71,"end":3786.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yeah,","start":3784.71,"end":3784.83},{"text":"sorry.","start":3785.75,"end":3786.23}]},{"text":"And on this particular issue, I'll also remind you of the briefing that we got from Amy Pope, the director general of IOM, who had a world trafficking day, which described at length the mechanisms around these scam centers.","start":3787.27,"end":3802.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3787.27,"end":3787.43},{"text":"on","start":3787.43,"end":3787.51},{"text":"this","start":3787.51,"end":3787.71},{"text":"particular","start":3787.71,"end":3788.31},{"text":"issue,","start":3788.31,"end":3788.79},{"text":"I'll","start":3788.87,"end":3789.11},{"text":"also","start":3789.23,"end":3789.55},{"text":"remind","start":3789.55,"end":3789.99},{"text":"you","start":3789.99,"end":3790.19},{"text":"of","start":3790.19,"end":3790.39},{"text":"the","start":3790.39,"end":3790.51},{"text":"briefing","start":3790.55,"end":3790.95},{"text":"that","start":3790.95,"end":3791.11},{"text":"we","start":3791.11,"end":3791.19},{"text":"got","start":3791.19,"end":3791.39},{"text":"from","start":3791.39,"end":3791.67},{"text":"Amy","start":3791.67,"end":3791.87},{"text":"Pope,","start":3791.87,"end":3792.15},{"text":"the","start":3792.15,"end":3792.23},{"text":"director","start":3792.23,"end":3792.71},{"text":"general","start":3792.71,"end":3793.07},{"text":"of","start":3793.07,"end":3793.19},{"text":"IOM,","start":3793.19,"end":3793.67},{"text":"who","start":3793.91,"end":3794.11},{"text":"had","start":3794.47,"end":3794.75},{"text":"a","start":3794.75,"end":3794.79},{"text":"world","start":3794.79,"end":3795.07},{"text":"trafficking","start":3795.07,"end":3795.59},{"text":"day,","start":3795.59,"end":3795.99},{"text":"which","start":3796.27,"end":3796.63},{"text":"described","start":3796.63,"end":3797.27},{"text":"at","start":3797.91,"end":3798.15},{"text":"length","start":3798.15,"end":3798.63},{"text":"the","start":3798.87,"end":3798.99},{"text":"mechanisms","start":3799.03,"end":3800.07},{"text":"around","start":3800.15,"end":3800.87},{"text":"these","start":3800.87,"end":3801.03},{"text":"scam","start":3801.03,"end":3801.59},{"text":"centers.","start":3801.59,"end":3802.23}]},{"text":"Nick, I see you have a follow up.","start":3802.71,"end":3804.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Nick,","start":3802.71,"end":3802.95},{"text":"I","start":3802.95,"end":3802.99},{"text":"see","start":3802.99,"end":3803.19},{"text":"you","start":3803.19,"end":3803.35},{"text":"have","start":3803.35,"end":3803.47},{"text":"a","start":3803.47,"end":3803.51},{"text":"follow","start":3803.51,"end":3803.83},{"text":"up.","start":3803.83,"end":3804.07}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":51,"start":3811.39,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=3812","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Yeah, sorry, quick one.","start":3811.39,"end":3812.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yeah,","start":3811.39,"end":3811.59},{"text":"sorry,","start":3812.03,"end":3812.31},{"text":"quick","start":3812.31,"end":3812.55},{"text":"one.","start":3812.55,"end":3812.71}]},{"text":"Just to have you been able to make any progress in identifying who the beneficiary owners, if you like, of these scam centers are?","start":3812.71,"end":3820.99,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Just","start":3812.71,"end":3813.03},{"text":"to","start":3813.03,"end":3813.15},{"text":"have","start":3813.87,"end":3814.03},{"text":"you","start":3814.03,"end":3814.19},{"text":"been","start":3814.19,"end":3814.43},{"text":"able","start":3814.43,"end":3814.63},{"text":"to","start":3814.63,"end":3814.71},{"text":"make","start":3814.71,"end":3814.83},{"text":"any","start":3814.83,"end":3814.99},{"text":"progress","start":3814.99,"end":3815.35},{"text":"in","start":3815.35,"end":3815.47},{"text":"identifying","start":3815.47,"end":3816.27},{"text":"who","start":3817.67,"end":3817.79},{"text":"the","start":3817.79,"end":3817.87},{"text":"beneficiary","start":3817.87,"end":3818.59},{"text":"owners,","start":3818.63,"end":3818.91},{"text":"if","start":3818.91,"end":3819.03},{"text":"you","start":3819.03,"end":3819.15},{"text":"like,","start":3819.15,"end":3819.47},{"text":"of","start":3819.47,"end":3819.55},{"text":"these","start":3819.55,"end":3819.83},{"text":"scam","start":3819.83,"end":3820.19},{"text":"centers","start":3820.19,"end":3820.59},{"text":"are?","start":3820.87,"end":3820.99}]},{"text":"And from what you were saying about how profitable it is for the military, you're clearly indicating that there's some complicity with both the junta and other de facto authorities in running these centers?","start":3822.31,"end":3836.47,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3822.31,"end":3822.51},{"text":"from","start":3822.51,"end":3822.67},{"text":"what","start":3822.67,"end":3822.83},{"text":"you","start":3822.83,"end":3822.95},{"text":"were","start":3822.95,"end":3823.07},{"text":"saying","start":3823.07,"end":3823.31},{"text":"about","start":3823.31,"end":3823.63},{"text":"how","start":3823.95,"end":3824.11},{"text":"profitable","start":3824.11,"end":3824.63},{"text":"it","start":3824.63,"end":3824.75},{"text":"is","start":3824.75,"end":3824.91},{"text":"for","start":3824.91,"end":3825.03},{"text":"the","start":3825.03,"end":3825.11},{"text":"military,","start":3825.11,"end":3825.51},{"text":"you're","start":3825.51,"end":3825.67},{"text":"clearly","start":3825.67,"end":3825.99},{"text":"indicating","start":3825.99,"end":3826.47},{"text":"that","start":3826.47,"end":3826.59},{"text":"there's","start":3826.59,"end":3826.87},{"text":"some","start":3826.87,"end":3826.99},{"text":"complicity","start":3826.99,"end":3827.79},{"text":"with","start":3828.11,"end":3828.43},{"text":"both","start":3829.47,"end":3829.75},{"text":"the","start":3830.59,"end":3830.71},{"text":"junta","start":3830.75,"end":3831.23},{"text":"and","start":3831.31,"end":3831.55},{"text":"other","start":3831.55,"end":3831.83},{"text":"de","start":3831.83,"end":3831.95},{"text":"facto","start":3831.95,"end":3832.31},{"text":"authorities","start":3832.31,"end":3833.07},{"text":"in","start":3834.27,"end":3834.51},{"text":"running","start":3835.11,"end":3835.47},{"text":"these","start":3835.47,"end":3835.83},{"text":"centers?","start":3835.91,"end":3836.47}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":3836.59,"end":3836.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3836.59,"end":3836.79},{"text":"you.","start":3836.79,"end":3836.91}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Nick","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Journalist"}},{"statement_number":52,"start":3839.03,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=3840","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Sadly, no. I cannot report any progress in firmly identifying who are the individuals running these networks.","start":3839.03,"end":3848.63,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"Sadly,","start":3839.03,"end":3839.59},{"text":"no.","start":3839.59,"end":3839.99},{"text":"I","start":3839.99,"end":3840.55},{"text":"cannot","start":3840.55,"end":3840.91},{"text":"report","start":3840.95,"end":3841.31},{"text":"any","start":3841.31,"end":3841.47},{"text":"progress","start":3841.47,"end":3842.07},{"text":"in","start":3842.07,"end":3842.63},{"text":"firmly","start":3842.63,"end":3843.07},{"text":"identifying","start":3843.07,"end":3844.07},{"text":"who","start":3844.47,"end":3844.71},{"text":"are","start":3844.71,"end":3845.51},{"text":"the","start":3845.51,"end":3846.07},{"text":"individuals","start":3846.55,"end":3847.43},{"text":"running","start":3847.43,"end":3847.75},{"text":"these","start":3847.75,"end":3847.99},{"text":"networks.","start":3847.99,"end":3848.63}]},{"text":"It's something we're very interested in getting more information on.","start":3849.11,"end":3851.91,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":3849.11,"end":3849.35},{"text":"something","start":3849.35,"end":3849.67},{"text":"we're","start":3849.67,"end":3849.83},{"text":"very","start":3849.83,"end":3850.03},{"text":"interested","start":3850.03,"end":3850.43},{"text":"in","start":3850.43,"end":3850.55},{"text":"getting","start":3850.55,"end":3850.75},{"text":"more","start":3850.75,"end":3850.95},{"text":"information","start":3850.95,"end":3851.51},{"text":"on.","start":3851.51,"end":3851.91}]},{"text":"It's just information that's very hard to get access to.","start":3852.51,"end":3856.27,"topics":[{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."}],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":3852.51,"end":3852.75},{"text":"just","start":3852.75,"end":3852.99},{"text":"information","start":3852.99,"end":3853.47},{"text":"that's","start":3853.47,"end":3853.75},{"text":"very","start":3853.75,"end":3853.91},{"text":"hard","start":3853.91,"end":3854.19},{"text":"to","start":3854.19,"end":3854.27},{"text":"get","start":3854.27,"end":3854.47},{"text":"access","start":3855.59,"end":3856.07},{"text":"to.","start":3856.07,"end":3856.27}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"James Rodheaver","affiliation":"OHCHR","affiliation_full":"OHCHR","group":null,"function":"Chief of the Myanmar team"}},{"statement_number":53,"start":3857.67,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=3858","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I don't see other questions for you on this subject, but before we leave it, I just would like to remind everyone that the Secretary-General is deeply concerned by the continued reports of violence and airstrikes in the country.","start":3857.67,"end":3872.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3857.67,"end":3857.75},{"text":"don't","start":3857.91,"end":3858.47},{"text":"see","start":3858.47,"end":3858.55},{"text":"other","start":3858.55,"end":3858.79},{"text":"questions","start":3858.79,"end":3859.51},{"text":"for","start":3859.99,"end":3860.55},{"text":"you","start":3860.55,"end":3860.79},{"text":"on","start":3860.79,"end":3861.03},{"text":"this","start":3861.03,"end":3861.35},{"text":"subject,","start":3861.43,"end":3861.87},{"text":"but","start":3861.87,"end":3861.99},{"text":"before","start":3861.99,"end":3862.23},{"text":"we","start":3862.23,"end":3862.39},{"text":"leave","start":3862.39,"end":3862.55},{"text":"it,","start":3862.55,"end":3862.79},{"text":"I","start":3863.11,"end":3863.27},{"text":"just","start":3863.27,"end":3863.55},{"text":"would","start":3863.55,"end":3863.67},{"text":"like","start":3863.67,"end":3863.83},{"text":"to","start":3863.83,"end":3863.99},{"text":"remind","start":3863.99,"end":3864.47},{"text":"everyone","start":3864.87,"end":3865.35},{"text":"that","start":3865.35,"end":3865.75},{"text":"the","start":3866.39,"end":3866.51},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":3866.51,"end":3867.23},{"text":"is","start":3867.23,"end":3867.35},{"text":"deeply","start":3867.35,"end":3867.75},{"text":"concerned","start":3867.75,"end":3868.47},{"text":"by","start":3868.47,"end":3868.63},{"text":"the","start":3868.63,"end":3868.75},{"text":"continued","start":3868.75,"end":3869.27},{"text":"reports","start":3869.27,"end":3869.79},{"text":"of","start":3869.79,"end":3870.03},{"text":"violence","start":3870.03,"end":3870.55},{"text":"and","start":3870.55,"end":3870.67},{"text":"airstrikes","start":3870.67,"end":3871.27},{"text":"in","start":3871.27,"end":3871.35},{"text":"the","start":3871.35,"end":3871.47},{"text":"country.","start":3871.47,"end":3872.07}]},{"text":"He reiterates his call on all parties to the conflict in Myanmar to end the violence and reminds them of their obligations under international law to protect civilians.","start":3872.39,"end":3881.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"He","start":3872.39,"end":3872.59},{"text":"reiterates","start":3872.59,"end":3873.27},{"text":"his","start":3873.27,"end":3873.43},{"text":"call","start":3873.43,"end":3873.83},{"text":"on","start":3873.83,"end":3874.07},{"text":"all","start":3874.07,"end":3874.23},{"text":"parties","start":3874.23,"end":3874.63},{"text":"to","start":3874.63,"end":3874.75},{"text":"the","start":3874.75,"end":3874.87},{"text":"conflict","start":3874.87,"end":3875.27},{"text":"in","start":3875.27,"end":3875.35},{"text":"Myanmar","start":3875.35,"end":3875.83},{"text":"to","start":3875.83,"end":3875.95},{"text":"end","start":3875.99,"end":3876.23},{"text":"the","start":3876.23,"end":3876.31},{"text":"violence","start":3876.31,"end":3876.95},{"text":"and","start":3877.31,"end":3877.43},{"text":"reminds","start":3877.43,"end":3877.83},{"text":"them","start":3877.83,"end":3878.07},{"text":"of","start":3878.07,"end":3878.31},{"text":"their","start":3878.31,"end":3878.59},{"text":"obligations","start":3878.59,"end":3879.27},{"text":"under","start":3879.27,"end":3879.59},{"text":"international","start":3879.59,"end":3880.27},{"text":"law","start":3880.27,"end":3880.35},{"text":"to","start":3880.47,"end":3880.55},{"text":"protect","start":3880.55,"end":3880.95},{"text":"civilians.","start":3880.95,"end":3881.75}]},{"text":"Thank you very much, Raveena.","start":3884.31,"end":3886.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3884.31,"end":3884.63},{"text":"you","start":3884.63,"end":3884.71},{"text":"very","start":3884.71,"end":3884.95},{"text":"much,","start":3884.95,"end":3885.27},{"text":"Raveena.","start":3885.59,"end":3886.27}]},{"text":"Above all, thank you, James, for having been, you know, the voice of human rights in Myanmar all these years, and wish you very, all the best for your new functions, and please, in your new functions, come and brief us also on the human rights situations that you will encounter.","start":3886.27,"end":3907.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Above","start":3886.27,"end":3886.55},{"text":"all,","start":3886.55,"end":3886.87},{"text":"thank","start":3886.87,"end":3887.27},{"text":"you,","start":3887.27,"end":3887.43},{"text":"James,","start":3887.43,"end":3887.99},{"text":"for","start":3887.99,"end":3888.43},{"text":"having","start":3888.43,"end":3888.71},{"text":"been,","start":3888.71,"end":3889.19},{"text":"you","start":3889.19,"end":3889.35},{"text":"know,","start":3889.35,"end":3889.47},{"text":"the","start":3889.47,"end":3889.59},{"text":"voice","start":3889.59,"end":3890.23},{"text":"of","start":3890.55,"end":3890.79},{"text":"human","start":3890.79,"end":3891.07},{"text":"rights","start":3891.07,"end":3891.51},{"text":"in","start":3891.59,"end":3891.91},{"text":"Myanmar","start":3891.91,"end":3892.59},{"text":"all","start":3892.59,"end":3892.79},{"text":"these","start":3892.79,"end":3893.19},{"text":"years,","start":3893.79,"end":3894.39},{"text":"and","start":3894.39,"end":3894.79},{"text":"wish","start":3894.87,"end":3895.11},{"text":"you","start":3895.11,"end":3895.19},{"text":"very,","start":3895.19,"end":3895.99},{"text":"all","start":3896.03,"end":3896.15},{"text":"the","start":3896.15,"end":3896.23},{"text":"best","start":3896.23,"end":3896.59},{"text":"for","start":3896.59,"end":3896.71},{"text":"your","start":3896.71,"end":3896.95},{"text":"new","start":3896.95,"end":3897.27},{"text":"functions,","start":3897.91,"end":3898.79},{"text":"and","start":3898.87,"end":3899.11},{"text":"please,","start":3899.11,"end":3899.59},{"text":"in","start":3899.83,"end":3900.07},{"text":"your","start":3900.07,"end":3900.23},{"text":"new","start":3900.23,"end":3900.63},{"text":"functions,","start":3901.35,"end":3901.91},{"text":"come","start":3901.91,"end":3902.31},{"text":"and","start":3902.35,"end":3902.63},{"text":"brief","start":3903.75,"end":3904.07},{"text":"us","start":3904.07,"end":3904.23},{"text":"also","start":3904.23,"end":3904.63},{"text":"on","start":3904.63,"end":3904.87},{"text":"the","start":3904.87,"end":3904.99},{"text":"human","start":3904.99,"end":3905.27},{"text":"rights","start":3905.27,"end":3905.59},{"text":"situations","start":3905.59,"end":3906.19},{"text":"that","start":3906.19,"end":3906.31},{"text":"you","start":3906.31,"end":3906.43},{"text":"will","start":3906.43,"end":3906.55},{"text":"encounter.","start":3906.55,"end":3907.27}]},{"text":"in your new post.","start":3908.27,"end":3910.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"in","start":3908.27,"end":3908.67},{"text":"your","start":3908.75,"end":3908.99},{"text":"new","start":3908.99,"end":3909.47},{"text":"post.","start":3909.63,"end":3910.11}]},{"text":"And thank you very much, Ravina, for bringing him.","start":3910.19,"end":3912.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3910.19,"end":3910.47},{"text":"thank","start":3910.47,"end":3910.67},{"text":"you","start":3910.67,"end":3910.75},{"text":"very","start":3910.75,"end":3910.91},{"text":"much,","start":3910.91,"end":3911.23},{"text":"Ravina,","start":3911.23,"end":3911.71},{"text":"for","start":3911.79,"end":3912.19},{"text":"bringing","start":3912.23,"end":3912.67},{"text":"him.","start":3912.67,"end":3912.87}]},{"text":"And thanks again, and thanks for your-- oh, you have a question, but not for James, for Ravina.","start":3912.87,"end":3917.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3912.87,"end":3912.99},{"text":"thanks","start":3912.99,"end":3913.31},{"text":"again,","start":3913.31,"end":3913.79},{"text":"and","start":3913.79,"end":3914.19},{"text":"thanks","start":3914.19,"end":3914.51},{"text":"for","start":3914.51,"end":3914.67},{"text":"your--","start":3914.67,"end":3914.99},{"text":"oh,","start":3915.39,"end":3915.63},{"text":"you","start":3915.79,"end":3915.95},{"text":"have","start":3915.95,"end":3916.11},{"text":"a","start":3916.11,"end":3916.19},{"text":"question,","start":3916.19,"end":3916.51},{"text":"but","start":3916.51,"end":3916.63},{"text":"not","start":3916.63,"end":3916.79},{"text":"for","start":3916.79,"end":3916.91},{"text":"James,","start":3916.91,"end":3917.31},{"text":"for","start":3917.39,"end":3917.55},{"text":"Ravina.","start":3917.55,"end":3917.95}]},{"text":"Yeah, I thought so.","start":3918.27,"end":3919.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yeah,","start":3918.27,"end":3918.47},{"text":"I","start":3918.47,"end":3918.51},{"text":"thought","start":3918.63,"end":3918.75},{"text":"so.","start":3918.83,"end":3919.07}]},{"text":"But thank you very much, James, and good luck with your future endeavor.","start":3919.23,"end":3923.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":3919.23,"end":3919.39},{"text":"thank","start":3919.39,"end":3919.63},{"text":"you","start":3919.63,"end":3919.71},{"text":"very","start":3919.71,"end":3919.87},{"text":"much,","start":3919.87,"end":3920.19},{"text":"James,","start":3920.19,"end":3920.59},{"text":"and","start":3920.59,"end":3920.91},{"text":"good","start":3921.15,"end":3921.31},{"text":"luck","start":3921.31,"end":3921.71},{"text":"with","start":3921.87,"end":3922.35},{"text":"your","start":3922.35,"end":3922.47},{"text":"future","start":3922.47,"end":3922.83},{"text":"endeavor.","start":3922.83,"end":3923.23}]},{"text":"Yes, Mohammed.","start":3924.19,"end":3924.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yes,","start":3924.19,"end":3924.51},{"text":"Mohammed.","start":3924.51,"end":3924.95}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":54,"start":3926.35,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=3927","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you so much, Alessandra.","start":3926.35,"end":3927.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3926.35,"end":3926.55},{"text":"you","start":3926.55,"end":3926.63},{"text":"so","start":3926.63,"end":3926.75},{"text":"much,","start":3926.75,"end":3926.91},{"text":"Alessandra.","start":3926.91,"end":3927.47}]},{"text":"My question about-- for Ravina, I have two short questions about Gaza.","start":3927.47,"end":3934.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":3927.47,"end":3927.71},{"text":"question","start":3927.71,"end":3928.07},{"text":"about--","start":3928.07,"end":3928.35},{"text":"for","start":3930.11,"end":3930.31},{"text":"Ravina,","start":3930.31,"end":3930.83},{"text":"I","start":3932.75,"end":3932.83},{"text":"have","start":3932.83,"end":3932.99},{"text":"two","start":3932.99,"end":3933.15},{"text":"short","start":3933.15,"end":3933.39},{"text":"questions","start":3933.39,"end":3933.83},{"text":"about","start":3933.83,"end":3934.11},{"text":"Gaza.","start":3934.11,"end":3934.59}]},{"text":"Ravina, as you may have seen, Israel has threatened Palestinians with expulsions and attacks, claiming that children's kites from Gaza Strip landed in Israeli settlement near the border.","start":3934.99,"end":3949.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ravina,","start":3934.99,"end":3935.55},{"text":"as","start":3935.63,"end":3936.11},{"text":"you","start":3936.11,"end":3936.19},{"text":"may","start":3936.19,"end":3936.35},{"text":"have","start":3936.35,"end":3936.59},{"text":"seen,","start":3936.59,"end":3936.91},{"text":"Israel","start":3936.91,"end":3937.35},{"text":"has","start":3937.71,"end":3937.91},{"text":"threatened","start":3937.91,"end":3938.87},{"text":"Palestinians","start":3939.39,"end":3940.19},{"text":"with","start":3940.19,"end":3940.43},{"text":"expulsions","start":3940.43,"end":3941.71},{"text":"and","start":3941.71,"end":3942.19},{"text":"attacks,","start":3942.19,"end":3942.67},{"text":"claiming","start":3942.83,"end":3943.23},{"text":"that","start":3943.23,"end":3943.63},{"text":"children's","start":3943.87,"end":3944.43},{"text":"kites","start":3944.43,"end":3944.91},{"text":"from","start":3944.91,"end":3945.15},{"text":"Gaza","start":3945.15,"end":3945.55},{"text":"Strip","start":3945.55,"end":3945.95},{"text":"landed","start":3946.27,"end":3946.75},{"text":"in","start":3946.75,"end":3946.99},{"text":"Israeli","start":3946.99,"end":3947.47},{"text":"settlement","start":3947.47,"end":3948.03},{"text":"near","start":3948.19,"end":3948.51},{"text":"the","start":3948.51,"end":3948.59},{"text":"border.","start":3948.59,"end":3949.15}]},{"text":"What is your reaction to Israel offering such a pretext to escalate its attacks on Gaza?","start":3949.55,"end":3955.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"What","start":3949.55,"end":3949.95},{"text":"is","start":3949.95,"end":3950.07},{"text":"your","start":3950.07,"end":3950.23},{"text":"reaction","start":3950.23,"end":3950.75},{"text":"to","start":3950.75,"end":3950.87},{"text":"Israel","start":3950.87,"end":3951.31},{"text":"offering","start":3951.31,"end":3951.79},{"text":"such","start":3951.79,"end":3952.03},{"text":"a","start":3952.03,"end":3952.11},{"text":"pretext","start":3952.11,"end":3952.87},{"text":"to","start":3953.15,"end":3953.39},{"text":"escalate","start":3953.47,"end":3954.11},{"text":"its","start":3954.27,"end":3954.51},{"text":"attacks","start":3954.51,"end":3954.99},{"text":"on","start":3954.99,"end":3955.15},{"text":"Gaza?","start":3955.15,"end":3955.71}]},{"text":"And secondly, Israeli High Priest David Yosef claimed that Israel owns all the Palestinian territories and called for a complete destruction of Gaza.","start":3956.11,"end":3970.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3956.11,"end":3956.35},{"text":"secondly,","start":3956.35,"end":3957.07},{"text":"Israeli","start":3958.03,"end":3959.15},{"text":"High","start":3960.43,"end":3960.67},{"text":"Priest","start":3960.67,"end":3961.03},{"text":"David","start":3961.31,"end":3962.11},{"text":"Yosef","start":3962.11,"end":3962.67},{"text":"claimed","start":3962.99,"end":3963.43},{"text":"that","start":3963.43,"end":3963.71},{"text":"Israel","start":3963.99,"end":3964.59},{"text":"owns","start":3964.83,"end":3965.31},{"text":"all","start":3965.31,"end":3965.55},{"text":"the","start":3965.55,"end":3965.63},{"text":"Palestinian","start":3965.63,"end":3966.27},{"text":"territories","start":3966.27,"end":3967.07},{"text":"and","start":3967.31,"end":3967.55},{"text":"called","start":3967.55,"end":3967.95},{"text":"for","start":3967.95,"end":3968.15},{"text":"a","start":3968.15,"end":3968.19},{"text":"complete","start":3968.19,"end":3968.67},{"text":"destruction","start":3968.67,"end":3969.55},{"text":"of","start":3969.79,"end":3970.03},{"text":"Gaza.","start":3970.03,"end":3970.59}]},{"text":"My question is, does the destruction of a people and a region horrify you?","start":3971.23,"end":3977.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":3971.23,"end":3971.39},{"text":"question","start":3971.39,"end":3971.79},{"text":"is,","start":3971.79,"end":3971.95},{"text":"does","start":3971.95,"end":3972.43},{"text":"the","start":3972.99,"end":3973.39},{"text":"destruction","start":3973.39,"end":3974.27},{"text":"of","start":3974.27,"end":3974.59},{"text":"a","start":3974.75,"end":3974.79},{"text":"people","start":3974.79,"end":3975.39},{"text":"and","start":3975.47,"end":3975.87},{"text":"a","start":3976.19,"end":3976.23},{"text":"region","start":3976.23,"end":3976.91},{"text":"horrify","start":3977.15,"end":3977.63},{"text":"you?","start":3977.63,"end":3977.87}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":3978.03,"end":3978.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3978.03,"end":3978.31},{"text":"you.","start":3978.31,"end":3978.43}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Mohammed","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Journalist"}},{"statement_number":55,"start":3981.71,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=3982","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thanks, Mohammed, for these questions.","start":3981.71,"end":3984.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thanks,","start":3981.71,"end":3982.11},{"text":"Mohammed,","start":3982.43,"end":3982.87},{"text":"for","start":3982.87,"end":3982.99},{"text":"these","start":3982.99,"end":3983.23},{"text":"questions.","start":3983.23,"end":3984.03}]},{"text":"On the threat of expulsions due to children's kites flying, I hope we can all agree that this is outrageous.","start":3984.27,"end":3992.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"On","start":3984.27,"end":3984.75},{"text":"the","start":3985.23,"end":3985.39},{"text":"threat","start":3985.39,"end":3985.71},{"text":"of","start":3985.71,"end":3985.79},{"text":"expulsions","start":3985.79,"end":3986.47},{"text":"due","start":3986.47,"end":3986.67},{"text":"to","start":3986.67,"end":3986.83},{"text":"children's","start":3986.83,"end":3987.35},{"text":"kites","start":3987.35,"end":3987.79},{"text":"flying,","start":3988.27,"end":3988.83},{"text":"I","start":3989.31,"end":3989.55},{"text":"hope","start":3989.55,"end":3989.87},{"text":"we","start":3989.95,"end":3990.07},{"text":"can","start":3990.07,"end":3990.35},{"text":"all","start":3990.35,"end":3990.59},{"text":"agree","start":3990.59,"end":3990.99},{"text":"that","start":3990.99,"end":3991.15},{"text":"this","start":3991.15,"end":3991.31},{"text":"is","start":3991.31,"end":3991.47},{"text":"outrageous.","start":3991.47,"end":3992.35}]},{"text":"The latest these are the latest threats.","start":3993.87,"end":3995.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3993.87,"end":3993.99},{"text":"latest","start":3994.03,"end":3994.59},{"text":"these","start":3994.59,"end":3994.75},{"text":"are","start":3994.75,"end":3994.83},{"text":"the","start":3994.83,"end":3994.95},{"text":"latest","start":3994.95,"end":3995.43},{"text":"threats.","start":3995.43,"end":3995.79}]},{"text":"We continue to see unacceptable rhetoric coming from the highest level of the Israeli authorities, showing utter contempt for international human rights and humanitarian law.","start":3995.87,"end":4007.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3995.87,"end":3996.19},{"text":"continue","start":3996.19,"end":3996.75},{"text":"to","start":3996.75,"end":3996.87},{"text":"see","start":3996.87,"end":3997.39},{"text":"unacceptable","start":3997.43,"end":3998.11},{"text":"rhetoric","start":3998.11,"end":3998.75},{"text":"coming","start":3998.91,"end":3999.39},{"text":"from","start":3999.39,"end":3999.67},{"text":"the","start":3999.67,"end":3999.79},{"text":"highest","start":3999.79,"end":4000.15},{"text":"level","start":4000.15,"end":4000.59},{"text":"of","start":4001.23,"end":4001.43},{"text":"the","start":4001.43,"end":4001.51},{"text":"Israeli","start":4001.51,"end":4001.95},{"text":"authorities,","start":4001.95,"end":4002.75},{"text":"showing","start":4003.23,"end":4003.63},{"text":"utter","start":4003.63,"end":4004.03},{"text":"contempt","start":4004.03,"end":4004.67},{"text":"for","start":4004.99,"end":4005.19},{"text":"international","start":4005.19,"end":4005.87},{"text":"human","start":4005.87,"end":4006.11},{"text":"rights","start":4006.11,"end":4006.43},{"text":"and","start":4006.43,"end":4006.55},{"text":"humanitarian","start":4006.55,"end":4007.31},{"text":"law.","start":4007.31,"end":4007.63}]},{"text":"and advocating and inciting violence amounting to atrocity crimes.","start":4009.31,"end":4013.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"and","start":4009.31,"end":4009.71},{"text":"advocating","start":4009.71,"end":4010.35},{"text":"and","start":4010.35,"end":4010.47},{"text":"inciting","start":4010.47,"end":4010.99},{"text":"violence","start":4010.99,"end":4011.63},{"text":"amounting","start":4011.95,"end":4012.43},{"text":"to","start":4012.43,"end":4012.51},{"text":"atrocity","start":4012.51,"end":4013.07},{"text":"crimes.","start":4013.07,"end":4013.63}]},{"text":"Every day, Palestinians are bombed, struck, and killed in Gaza despite a so-called ceasefire.","start":4015.55,"end":4020.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Every","start":4015.55,"end":4015.87},{"text":"day,","start":4015.87,"end":4016.11},{"text":"Palestinians","start":4016.11,"end":4016.83},{"text":"are","start":4016.83,"end":4016.91},{"text":"bombed,","start":4016.91,"end":4017.39},{"text":"struck,","start":4017.39,"end":4017.99},{"text":"and","start":4017.99,"end":4018.15},{"text":"killed","start":4018.15,"end":4018.43},{"text":"in","start":4018.43,"end":4018.55},{"text":"Gaza","start":4018.55,"end":4018.91},{"text":"despite","start":4018.91,"end":4019.47},{"text":"a","start":4019.47,"end":4019.55},{"text":"so-called","start":4019.55,"end":4019.99},{"text":"ceasefire.","start":4019.99,"end":4020.75}]},{"text":"There have been numerous violations since October 2025 when the ceasefire was announced, including under international humanitarian laws foundational principles of distinction and proportionality.","start":4021.15,"end":4031.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":4021.15,"end":4021.27},{"text":"have","start":4021.27,"end":4021.39},{"text":"been","start":4021.39,"end":4021.51},{"text":"numerous","start":4021.51,"end":4021.95},{"text":"violations","start":4021.95,"end":4022.59},{"text":"since","start":4022.59,"end":4022.91},{"text":"October","start":4022.91,"end":4023.39},{"text":"2025","start":4023.39,"end":4024.19},{"text":"when","start":4024.19,"end":4024.43},{"text":"the","start":4024.43,"end":4024.51},{"text":"ceasefire","start":4024.51,"end":4025.07},{"text":"was","start":4025.07,"end":4025.23},{"text":"announced,","start":4025.23,"end":4025.87},{"text":"including","start":4025.87,"end":4026.51},{"text":"under","start":4026.51,"end":4026.99},{"text":"international","start":4026.99,"end":4027.47},{"text":"humanitarian","start":4027.47,"end":4028.15},{"text":"laws","start":4028.15,"end":4028.39},{"text":"foundational","start":4028.39,"end":4028.91},{"text":"principles","start":4028.91,"end":4029.51},{"text":"of","start":4029.51,"end":4029.63},{"text":"distinction","start":4029.63,"end":4030.15},{"text":"and","start":4030.15,"end":4030.27},{"text":"proportionality.","start":4030.27,"end":4031.31}]},{"text":"The violations, the suffering, and the misery that continue to be imposed on the Palestinians in Gaza cannot be ignored, and we are once again calling on third states to take urgent action to insist on full respect for the ceasefire, to put an end to all violations, and to ensure accountability and justice.","start":4032.15,"end":4049.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4032.15,"end":4032.23},{"text":"violations,","start":4032.23,"end":4033.43},{"text":"the","start":4033.51,"end":4033.67},{"text":"suffering,","start":4033.67,"end":4034.15},{"text":"and","start":4034.15,"end":4034.27},{"text":"the","start":4034.27,"end":4034.35},{"text":"misery","start":4034.35,"end":4034.79},{"text":"that","start":4034.79,"end":4034.95},{"text":"continue","start":4034.95,"end":4035.43},{"text":"to","start":4035.43,"end":4035.55},{"text":"be","start":4035.55,"end":4035.63},{"text":"imposed","start":4035.63,"end":4036.63},{"text":"on","start":4036.63,"end":4036.71},{"text":"the","start":4036.71,"end":4036.79},{"text":"Palestinians","start":4036.79,"end":4037.39},{"text":"in","start":4037.39,"end":4037.51},{"text":"Gaza","start":4037.51,"end":4037.83},{"text":"cannot","start":4037.83,"end":4038.19},{"text":"be","start":4038.19,"end":4038.31},{"text":"ignored,","start":4038.31,"end":4038.87},{"text":"and","start":4039.03,"end":4039.19},{"text":"we","start":4039.19,"end":4039.31},{"text":"are","start":4039.31,"end":4039.43},{"text":"once","start":4039.43,"end":4039.67},{"text":"again","start":4039.67,"end":4039.99},{"text":"calling","start":4039.99,"end":4040.39},{"text":"on","start":4040.39,"end":4040.55},{"text":"third","start":4040.55,"end":4040.87},{"text":"states","start":4040.87,"end":4041.35},{"text":"to","start":4041.35,"end":4041.55},{"text":"take","start":4041.55,"end":4041.75},{"text":"urgent","start":4041.75,"end":4042.31},{"text":"action","start":4042.31,"end":4042.95},{"text":"to","start":4043.27,"end":4043.43},{"text":"insist","start":4043.43,"end":4043.91},{"text":"on","start":4043.91,"end":4044.07},{"text":"full","start":4044.07,"end":4044.23},{"text":"respect","start":4044.23,"end":4044.79},{"text":"for","start":4044.79,"end":4044.91},{"text":"the","start":4044.91,"end":4044.99},{"text":"ceasefire,","start":4044.99,"end":4045.75},{"text":"to","start":4045.99,"end":4046.07},{"text":"put","start":4046.07,"end":4046.27},{"text":"an","start":4046.27,"end":4046.39},{"text":"end","start":4046.39,"end":4046.63},{"text":"to","start":4046.63,"end":4046.75},{"text":"all","start":4046.75,"end":4046.87},{"text":"violations,","start":4046.87,"end":4047.75},{"text":"and","start":4047.75,"end":4047.95},{"text":"to","start":4047.95,"end":4048.03},{"text":"ensure","start":4048.03,"end":4048.47},{"text":"accountability","start":4048.47,"end":4049.19},{"text":"and","start":4049.19,"end":4049.31},{"text":"justice.","start":4049.31,"end":4049.91}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Ravina","affiliation":"OHCHR","affiliation_full":"OHCHR","group":null,"function":null}},{"statement_number":56,"start":4053.67,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=4054","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Ravina.","start":4053.67,"end":4054.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4053.67,"end":4053.91},{"text":"you","start":4053.91,"end":4053.99},{"text":"very","start":4053.99,"end":4054.23},{"text":"much,","start":4054.23,"end":4054.55},{"text":"Ravina.","start":4054.55,"end":4054.95}]},{"text":"Thanks, and we do all agree, I guess.","start":4055.67,"end":4057.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thanks,","start":4055.67,"end":4055.99},{"text":"and","start":4055.99,"end":4056.15},{"text":"we","start":4056.15,"end":4056.27},{"text":"do","start":4056.27,"end":4056.47},{"text":"all","start":4056.51,"end":4056.83},{"text":"agree,","start":4056.83,"end":4057.11},{"text":"I","start":4057.19,"end":4057.23},{"text":"guess.","start":4057.23,"end":4057.35}]},{"text":"So let me go to our last but definitely not last speaker, sorry, last speaker of the day, the colleagues from UNICEF, Ricardo welcome.","start":4059.79,"end":4070.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":4059.79,"end":4060.03},{"text":"let","start":4060.03,"end":4060.15},{"text":"me","start":4060.15,"end":4060.35},{"text":"go","start":4060.35,"end":4060.51},{"text":"to","start":4060.51,"end":4060.67},{"text":"our","start":4060.79,"end":4060.91},{"text":"last","start":4061.63,"end":4061.95},{"text":"but","start":4061.95,"end":4062.07},{"text":"definitely","start":4062.07,"end":4062.59},{"text":"not","start":4062.59,"end":4062.91},{"text":"last","start":4062.91,"end":4063.15},{"text":"speaker,","start":4063.15,"end":4063.63},{"text":"sorry,","start":4064.27,"end":4064.67},{"text":"last","start":4064.67,"end":4064.83},{"text":"speaker","start":4064.83,"end":4065.31},{"text":"of","start":4065.31,"end":4065.47},{"text":"the","start":4065.47,"end":4065.67},{"text":"day,","start":4065.67,"end":4066.11},{"text":"the","start":4067.63,"end":4067.79},{"text":"colleagues","start":4067.79,"end":4068.19},{"text":"from","start":4068.19,"end":4068.35},{"text":"UNICEF,","start":4068.35,"end":4069.15},{"text":"Ricardo","start":4069.31,"end":4069.79},{"text":"welcome.","start":4069.79,"end":4070.51}]},{"text":"You have brought us Dr. Tajuddin Oyewale with the UNICEF Afghans country representative calling in from Jalalabad.","start":4070.99,"end":4079.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":4070.99,"end":4071.15},{"text":"have","start":4071.15,"end":4071.43},{"text":"brought","start":4071.43,"end":4071.71},{"text":"us","start":4071.71,"end":4071.87},{"text":"Dr.","start":4071.87,"end":4072.27},{"text":"Tajuddin","start":4072.27,"end":4073.23},{"text":"Oyewale","start":4073.23,"end":4074.03},{"text":"with","start":4074.27,"end":4074.71},{"text":"the","start":4074.71,"end":4074.79},{"text":"UNICEF","start":4074.79,"end":4075.31},{"text":"Afghans","start":4075.31,"end":4075.95},{"text":"country","start":4076.51,"end":4076.91},{"text":"representative","start":4076.91,"end":4077.79},{"text":"calling","start":4078.03,"end":4078.35},{"text":"in","start":4078.35,"end":4078.51},{"text":"from","start":4078.51,"end":4078.75},{"text":"Jalalabad.","start":4078.75,"end":4079.55}]},{"text":"You want to start or I give the floor to the doctor?","start":4080.19,"end":4082.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":4080.19,"end":4080.35},{"text":"want","start":4080.35,"end":4080.63},{"text":"to","start":4080.63,"end":4080.71},{"text":"start","start":4080.71,"end":4080.99},{"text":"or","start":4080.99,"end":4081.07},{"text":"I","start":4081.07,"end":4081.15},{"text":"give","start":4081.19,"end":4081.31},{"text":"the","start":4081.31,"end":4081.43},{"text":"floor","start":4081.43,"end":4081.87},{"text":"to","start":4081.87,"end":4081.95},{"text":"the","start":4082.03,"end":4082.11},{"text":"doctor?","start":4082.11,"end":4082.55}]},{"text":"Straight to the doctor.","start":4082.55,"end":4083.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Straight","start":4082.55,"end":4082.75},{"text":"to","start":4083.43,"end":4083.51},{"text":"the","start":4083.51,"end":4083.59},{"text":"doctor.","start":4083.59,"end":4083.83}]},{"text":"Straight to the doctor, okay.","start":4083.83,"end":4084.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Straight","start":4083.83,"end":4084.07},{"text":"to","start":4084.07,"end":4084.19},{"text":"the","start":4084.19,"end":4084.31},{"text":"doctor,","start":4084.31,"end":4084.63},{"text":"okay.","start":4084.63,"end":4084.83}]},{"text":"So Dr. Oyewale, you are welcome to the press briefing here in Geneva.","start":4085.07,"end":4088.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":4085.07,"end":4085.23},{"text":"Dr.","start":4085.23,"end":4085.75},{"text":"Oyewale,","start":4085.75,"end":4086.11},{"text":"you","start":4086.19,"end":4086.39},{"text":"are","start":4086.39,"end":4086.47},{"text":"welcome","start":4086.47,"end":4086.99},{"text":"to","start":4087.07,"end":4087.15},{"text":"the","start":4087.15,"end":4087.23},{"text":"press","start":4087.23,"end":4087.47},{"text":"briefing","start":4087.47,"end":4087.79},{"text":"here","start":4087.79,"end":4087.99},{"text":"in","start":4087.99,"end":4088.11},{"text":"Geneva.","start":4088.11,"end":4088.51}]},{"text":"to tell us about the worsening conditions of child nutrition in Afghanistan, please.","start":4088.99,"end":4093.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"to","start":4088.99,"end":4089.07},{"text":"tell","start":4089.07,"end":4089.39},{"text":"us","start":4089.39,"end":4089.47},{"text":"about","start":4089.47,"end":4089.79},{"text":"the","start":4089.79,"end":4089.87},{"text":"worsening","start":4089.87,"end":4090.35},{"text":"conditions","start":4090.35,"end":4090.91},{"text":"of","start":4090.91,"end":4091.07},{"text":"child","start":4091.07,"end":4091.27},{"text":"nutrition","start":4091.27,"end":4092.03},{"text":"in","start":4092.03,"end":4092.23},{"text":"Afghanistan,","start":4092.23,"end":4093.15},{"text":"please.","start":4093.15,"end":4093.63}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":57,"start":4096.11,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=4097","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, everyone.","start":4096.11,"end":4097.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4096.11,"end":4096.31},{"text":"you","start":4096.31,"end":4096.43},{"text":"very","start":4096.43,"end":4096.75},{"text":"much,","start":4096.75,"end":4096.99},{"text":"everyone.","start":4096.99,"end":4097.63}]},{"text":"And good afternoon from Kabul.","start":4097.63,"end":4099.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4097.63,"end":4097.75},{"text":"good","start":4097.79,"end":4098.11},{"text":"afternoon","start":4098.11,"end":4098.75},{"text":"from","start":4098.75,"end":4098.99},{"text":"Kabul.","start":4098.99,"end":4099.47}]},{"text":"I just came back from Jalalabad, so I'm speaking to you from Kabul.","start":4099.47,"end":4104.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4099.47,"end":4099.63},{"text":"just","start":4099.63,"end":4099.91},{"text":"came","start":4099.91,"end":4100.19},{"text":"back","start":4100.19,"end":4100.31},{"text":"from","start":4100.31,"end":4100.59},{"text":"Jalalabad,","start":4100.59,"end":4101.31},{"text":"so","start":4101.31,"end":4101.51},{"text":"I'm","start":4101.51,"end":4101.71},{"text":"speaking","start":4101.71,"end":4102.15},{"text":"to","start":4102.15,"end":4102.31},{"text":"you","start":4102.31,"end":4102.59},{"text":"from","start":4103.47,"end":4103.71},{"text":"Kabul.","start":4103.71,"end":4104.11}]},{"text":"And thank you for the opportunity to brief you today on the worsening nutrition crisis that is faced by children in Afghanistan.","start":4104.67,"end":4113.31,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4104.67,"end":4104.87},{"text":"thank","start":4104.87,"end":4105.15},{"text":"you","start":4105.15,"end":4105.31},{"text":"for","start":4105.31,"end":4105.55},{"text":"the","start":4105.55,"end":4105.71},{"text":"opportunity","start":4105.71,"end":4106.55},{"text":"to","start":4106.55,"end":4106.63},{"text":"brief","start":4106.63,"end":4106.99},{"text":"you","start":4106.99,"end":4107.23},{"text":"today","start":4107.23,"end":4107.79},{"text":"on","start":4107.79,"end":4107.99},{"text":"the","start":4107.99,"end":4108.07},{"text":"worsening","start":4108.07,"end":4108.71},{"text":"nutrition","start":4108.71,"end":4109.63},{"text":"crisis","start":4109.95,"end":4110.67},{"text":"that","start":4110.67,"end":4110.91},{"text":"is","start":4110.91,"end":4111.07},{"text":"faced","start":4111.07,"end":4111.43},{"text":"by","start":4111.43,"end":4111.63},{"text":"children","start":4111.63,"end":4112.19},{"text":"in","start":4112.19,"end":4112.47},{"text":"Afghanistan.","start":4112.47,"end":4113.31}]},{"text":"Across the country, 3.7 million children suffer from wasting.","start":4114.07,"end":4119.79,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"Across","start":4114.07,"end":4114.51},{"text":"the","start":4114.51,"end":4114.63},{"text":"country,","start":4114.63,"end":4115.55},{"text":"3.7","start":4116.03,"end":4117.31},{"text":"million","start":4117.31,"end":4117.87},{"text":"children","start":4117.87,"end":4118.43},{"text":"suffer","start":4118.43,"end":4118.83},{"text":"from","start":4118.83,"end":4119.15},{"text":"wasting.","start":4119.15,"end":4119.79}]},{"text":"They are acutely malnourished, including one million children who are suffering from life-threatening severe acute malnutrition.","start":4120.43,"end":4129.95,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":4120.43,"end":4120.63},{"text":"are","start":4120.63,"end":4120.71},{"text":"acutely","start":4120.71,"end":4121.31},{"text":"malnourished,","start":4121.31,"end":4122.11},{"text":"including","start":4122.35,"end":4122.95},{"text":"one","start":4122.95,"end":4123.39},{"text":"million","start":4123.39,"end":4124.03},{"text":"children","start":4124.19,"end":4124.83},{"text":"who","start":4124.83,"end":4124.99},{"text":"are","start":4124.99,"end":4125.15},{"text":"suffering","start":4125.15,"end":4125.87},{"text":"from","start":4126.27,"end":4126.51},{"text":"life-threatening","start":4126.51,"end":4127.87},{"text":"severe","start":4127.87,"end":4128.51},{"text":"acute","start":4128.51,"end":4129.07},{"text":"malnutrition.","start":4129.07,"end":4129.95}]},{"text":"Nearly 40% of children admitted to hospitals with severe wasting and medical complications are babies under the age of six months old.","start":4131.07,"end":4142.27,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"Nearly","start":4131.07,"end":4132.99},{"text":"40%","start":4132.99,"end":4133.03},{"text":"of","start":4133.07,"end":4133.23},{"text":"children","start":4133.23,"end":4133.87},{"text":"admitted","start":4133.95,"end":4134.63},{"text":"to","start":4134.63,"end":4134.83},{"text":"hospitals","start":4134.83,"end":4135.71},{"text":"with","start":4135.95,"end":4136.19},{"text":"severe","start":4136.19,"end":4136.59},{"text":"wasting","start":4136.59,"end":4137.31},{"text":"and","start":4137.71,"end":4137.95},{"text":"medical","start":4137.95,"end":4138.35},{"text":"complications","start":4138.35,"end":4139.31},{"text":"are","start":4139.31,"end":4139.47},{"text":"babies","start":4139.47,"end":4140.19},{"text":"under","start":4140.35,"end":4140.67},{"text":"the","start":4140.67,"end":4140.79},{"text":"age","start":4140.83,"end":4141.07},{"text":"of","start":4141.07,"end":4141.15},{"text":"six","start":4141.15,"end":4141.55},{"text":"months","start":4141.55,"end":4141.87},{"text":"old.","start":4141.87,"end":4142.27}]},{"text":"And children who are under two years account for more than 80% of severe acute malnutrition cases that we are recording across the country.","start":4142.95,"end":4153.11,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4142.95,"end":4143.19},{"text":"children","start":4143.19,"end":4143.71},{"text":"who","start":4143.71,"end":4143.83},{"text":"are","start":4143.83,"end":4143.99},{"text":"under","start":4143.99,"end":4144.31},{"text":"two","start":4144.31,"end":4144.55},{"text":"years","start":4144.55,"end":4145.03},{"text":"account","start":4145.03,"end":4145.47},{"text":"for","start":4145.47,"end":4145.63},{"text":"more","start":4145.63,"end":4145.91},{"text":"than","start":4145.91,"end":4146.15},{"text":"80%","start":4147.75,"end":4147.79},{"text":"of","start":4147.79,"end":4147.91},{"text":"severe","start":4147.91,"end":4148.55},{"text":"acute","start":4148.87,"end":4149.59},{"text":"malnutrition","start":4149.83,"end":4150.55},{"text":"cases","start":4150.55,"end":4151.11},{"text":"that","start":4151.11,"end":4151.35},{"text":"we","start":4151.35,"end":4151.47},{"text":"are","start":4151.47,"end":4151.55},{"text":"recording","start":4151.55,"end":4152.07},{"text":"across","start":4152.07,"end":4152.47},{"text":"the","start":4152.47,"end":4152.55},{"text":"country.","start":4152.55,"end":4153.11}]},{"text":"We are also seeing immense pressure on hospitals.","start":4153.91,"end":4156.87,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4153.91,"end":4154.15},{"text":"are","start":4154.15,"end":4154.23},{"text":"also","start":4154.23,"end":4154.63},{"text":"seeing","start":4154.63,"end":4155.07},{"text":"immense","start":4155.07,"end":4155.51},{"text":"pressure","start":4155.51,"end":4155.91},{"text":"on","start":4155.91,"end":4156.15},{"text":"hospitals.","start":4156.15,"end":4156.87}]},{"text":"Since the beginning of this year, more than half a million children were admitted for high risk, moderate wasting, and severe wasting.","start":4157.51,"end":4167.91,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":4157.51,"end":4157.79},{"text":"the","start":4157.79,"end":4157.87},{"text":"beginning","start":4157.91,"end":4158.43},{"text":"of","start":4158.43,"end":4158.63},{"text":"this","start":4158.63,"end":4158.87},{"text":"year,","start":4158.87,"end":4159.35},{"text":"more","start":4159.75,"end":4159.99},{"text":"than","start":4159.99,"end":4160.15},{"text":"half","start":4160.15,"end":4160.79},{"text":"a","start":4161.51,"end":4161.55},{"text":"million","start":4161.55,"end":4162.07},{"text":"children","start":4162.07,"end":4162.71},{"text":"were","start":4162.79,"end":4163.07},{"text":"admitted","start":4163.07,"end":4163.83},{"text":"for","start":4164.03,"end":4164.15},{"text":"high","start":4164.15,"end":4164.47},{"text":"risk,","start":4164.47,"end":4164.95},{"text":"moderate","start":4164.95,"end":4165.83},{"text":"wasting,","start":4165.99,"end":4166.71},{"text":"and","start":4166.71,"end":4166.91},{"text":"severe","start":4166.91,"end":4167.35},{"text":"wasting.","start":4167.35,"end":4167.91}]},{"text":"The severe acute malnutrition cases which were admitted with medical complications have actually risen by more than a third this year.","start":4168.51,"end":4179.31,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4168.51,"end":4168.63},{"text":"severe","start":4168.63,"end":4169.31},{"text":"acute","start":4169.59,"end":4170.19},{"text":"malnutrition","start":4170.19,"end":4171.07},{"text":"cases","start":4171.07,"end":4171.79},{"text":"which","start":4171.95,"end":4172.23},{"text":"were","start":4172.23,"end":4172.47},{"text":"admitted","start":4172.47,"end":4173.23},{"text":"with","start":4173.47,"end":4173.71},{"text":"medical","start":4173.71,"end":4174.19},{"text":"complications","start":4174.19,"end":4175.31},{"text":"have","start":4175.31,"end":4175.47},{"text":"actually","start":4175.47,"end":4175.95},{"text":"risen","start":4175.95,"end":4176.51},{"text":"by","start":4177.31,"end":4177.55},{"text":"more","start":4177.63,"end":4177.87},{"text":"than","start":4177.87,"end":4178.15},{"text":"a","start":4178.15,"end":4178.19},{"text":"third","start":4178.19,"end":4178.71},{"text":"this","start":4178.71,"end":4178.99},{"text":"year.","start":4178.99,"end":4179.31}]},{"text":"For example, in July 2025, we recorded around 6,000 cases, but for this year, our numbers are already eating and going beyond 8,000 cases.","start":4179.79,"end":4192.19,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":4179.79,"end":4179.99},{"text":"example,","start":4179.99,"end":4180.83},{"text":"in","start":4180.99,"end":4181.23},{"text":"July","start":4181.23,"end":4181.63},{"text":"2025,","start":4181.63,"end":4183.07},{"text":"we","start":4183.47,"end":4183.67},{"text":"recorded","start":4183.67,"end":4184.19},{"text":"around","start":4184.19,"end":4184.59},{"text":"6,000","start":4184.59,"end":4185.47},{"text":"cases,","start":4185.47,"end":4186.11},{"text":"but","start":4186.35,"end":4186.51},{"text":"for","start":4186.51,"end":4186.67},{"text":"this","start":4186.67,"end":4186.99},{"text":"year,","start":4186.99,"end":4187.47},{"text":"our","start":4187.79,"end":4187.95},{"text":"numbers","start":4187.95,"end":4188.59},{"text":"are","start":4188.59,"end":4188.67},{"text":"already","start":4188.67,"end":4189.27},{"text":"eating","start":4189.27,"end":4189.47},{"text":"and","start":4189.47,"end":4189.67},{"text":"going","start":4189.67,"end":4189.91},{"text":"beyond","start":4189.91,"end":4190.43},{"text":"8,000","start":4190.43,"end":4191.63},{"text":"cases.","start":4191.63,"end":4192.19}]},{"text":"In parts of southern Afghanistan, some hospitals are now seeing three of four severe malnourished children for every available bed.","start":4192.99,"end":4203.47,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4192.99,"end":4193.15},{"text":"parts","start":4193.15,"end":4193.51},{"text":"of","start":4193.51,"end":4193.59},{"text":"southern","start":4193.59,"end":4194.11},{"text":"Afghanistan,","start":4194.11,"end":4195.07},{"text":"some","start":4195.47,"end":4195.79},{"text":"hospitals","start":4195.79,"end":4196.59},{"text":"are","start":4196.59,"end":4196.67},{"text":"now","start":4196.67,"end":4196.99},{"text":"seeing","start":4196.99,"end":4197.39},{"text":"three","start":4197.51,"end":4197.95},{"text":"of","start":4198.43,"end":4198.63},{"text":"four","start":4198.63,"end":4199.03},{"text":"severe","start":4199.03,"end":4199.59},{"text":"malnourished","start":4199.59,"end":4200.47},{"text":"children","start":4200.47,"end":4201.23},{"text":"for","start":4201.51,"end":4201.67},{"text":"every","start":4201.67,"end":4202.43},{"text":"available","start":4202.43,"end":4202.99},{"text":"bed.","start":4202.99,"end":4203.47}]},{"text":"I have just returned, like you said, from Nangarhar, and I was at the Nangarhar Regional Hospital in Eastern Afghanistan, where I went into the nutrition ward, and I met a young mother with a nine-month-old daughter, and the daughter's name is Sajida.","start":4204.11,"end":4221.23,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4204.11,"end":4204.15},{"text":"have","start":4204.15,"end":4204.35},{"text":"just","start":4204.35,"end":4204.63},{"text":"returned,","start":4204.63,"end":4205.03},{"text":"like","start":4205.03,"end":4205.23},{"text":"you","start":4205.23,"end":4205.35},{"text":"said,","start":4205.35,"end":4205.71},{"text":"from","start":4205.71,"end":4205.95},{"text":"Nangarhar,","start":4205.95,"end":4206.91},{"text":"and","start":4207.35,"end":4207.51},{"text":"I","start":4207.51,"end":4207.55},{"text":"was","start":4207.55,"end":4207.87},{"text":"at","start":4207.87,"end":4208.03},{"text":"the","start":4208.03,"end":4208.11},{"text":"Nangarhar","start":4208.11,"end":4209.07},{"text":"Regional","start":4209.31,"end":4209.99},{"text":"Hospital","start":4209.99,"end":4210.91},{"text":"in","start":4210.99,"end":4211.15},{"text":"Eastern","start":4211.15,"end":4211.79},{"text":"Afghanistan,","start":4211.79,"end":4212.83},{"text":"where","start":4213.15,"end":4213.47},{"text":"I","start":4213.47,"end":4213.95},{"text":"went","start":4213.95,"end":4214.35},{"text":"into","start":4214.35,"end":4214.71},{"text":"the","start":4214.71,"end":4214.79},{"text":"nutrition","start":4214.83,"end":4215.39},{"text":"ward,","start":4215.39,"end":4215.87},{"text":"and","start":4216.11,"end":4216.31},{"text":"I","start":4216.31,"end":4216.35},{"text":"met","start":4216.35,"end":4216.67},{"text":"a","start":4216.67,"end":4216.71},{"text":"young","start":4216.71,"end":4217.07},{"text":"mother","start":4217.07,"end":4217.63},{"text":"with","start":4217.71,"end":4217.91},{"text":"a","start":4217.91,"end":4217.95},{"text":"nine-month-old","start":4217.95,"end":4218.87},{"text":"daughter,","start":4218.87,"end":4219.47},{"text":"and","start":4219.63,"end":4219.83},{"text":"the","start":4219.83,"end":4219.91},{"text":"daughter's","start":4219.91,"end":4220.27},{"text":"name","start":4220.27,"end":4220.51},{"text":"is","start":4220.51,"end":4220.59},{"text":"Sajida.","start":4220.59,"end":4221.23}]},{"text":"Sajida came.","start":4222.43,"end":4223.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Sajida","start":4222.43,"end":4222.91},{"text":"came.","start":4222.91,"end":4223.47}]},{"text":"from a remote province not far from Nangarhar, the province of Nuristan.","start":4223.83,"end":4228.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"from","start":4223.83,"end":4224.07},{"text":"a","start":4224.07,"end":4224.11},{"text":"remote","start":4224.11,"end":4224.59},{"text":"province","start":4224.59,"end":4225.23},{"text":"not","start":4225.23,"end":4225.43},{"text":"far","start":4225.43,"end":4225.67},{"text":"from","start":4225.67,"end":4225.87},{"text":"Nangarhar,","start":4225.87,"end":4226.67},{"text":"the","start":4226.67,"end":4226.83},{"text":"province","start":4226.83,"end":4227.31},{"text":"of","start":4227.31,"end":4227.47},{"text":"Nuristan.","start":4227.47,"end":4228.19}]},{"text":"And this is a province that recently was affected by severe flash flood.","start":4228.67,"end":4234.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4228.67,"end":4228.87},{"text":"this","start":4228.87,"end":4228.99},{"text":"is","start":4228.99,"end":4229.15},{"text":"a","start":4229.15,"end":4229.19},{"text":"province","start":4229.19,"end":4229.95},{"text":"that","start":4230.27,"end":4230.67},{"text":"recently","start":4231.07,"end":4231.87},{"text":"was","start":4231.87,"end":4232.11},{"text":"affected","start":4232.11,"end":4232.67},{"text":"by","start":4232.67,"end":4232.83},{"text":"severe","start":4232.83,"end":4233.39},{"text":"flash","start":4233.39,"end":4233.79},{"text":"flood.","start":4233.79,"end":4234.19}]},{"text":"And during that crisis, a UNICEF trained female community health worker found Sajida there suffering from severe acute malnutrition and referred her to the regional hospital.","start":4234.83,"end":4249.63,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4234.83,"end":4235.11},{"text":"during","start":4235.11,"end":4235.39},{"text":"that","start":4235.39,"end":4235.71},{"text":"crisis,","start":4235.71,"end":4236.59},{"text":"a","start":4237.15,"end":4237.19},{"text":"UNICEF","start":4237.19,"end":4237.79},{"text":"trained","start":4237.79,"end":4238.51},{"text":"female","start":4238.59,"end":4239.15},{"text":"community","start":4239.15,"end":4240.03},{"text":"health","start":4240.03,"end":4240.43},{"text":"worker","start":4240.43,"end":4240.99},{"text":"found","start":4241.23,"end":4241.55},{"text":"Sajida","start":4241.55,"end":4242.11},{"text":"there","start":4242.11,"end":4242.59},{"text":"suffering","start":4242.83,"end":4243.55},{"text":"from","start":4243.55,"end":4243.87},{"text":"severe","start":4243.87,"end":4244.67},{"text":"acute","start":4244.91,"end":4245.55},{"text":"malnutrition","start":4245.55,"end":4246.59},{"text":"and","start":4246.99,"end":4247.19},{"text":"referred","start":4247.19,"end":4247.63},{"text":"her","start":4247.63,"end":4247.87},{"text":"to","start":4247.95,"end":4248.27},{"text":"the","start":4248.51,"end":4248.59},{"text":"regional","start":4248.59,"end":4249.07},{"text":"hospital.","start":4249.07,"end":4249.63}]},{"text":"When Sajida first got on admission in the hospital, The doctors had little hope that she was going to survive.","start":4250.47,"end":4257.51,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":4250.47,"end":4250.67},{"text":"Sajida","start":4250.67,"end":4251.23},{"text":"first","start":4251.23,"end":4251.47},{"text":"got","start":4251.47,"end":4251.95},{"text":"on","start":4251.95,"end":4252.23},{"text":"admission","start":4252.23,"end":4252.71},{"text":"in","start":4252.71,"end":4252.83},{"text":"the","start":4252.87,"end":4252.95},{"text":"hospital,","start":4252.95,"end":4253.55},{"text":"The","start":4254.07,"end":4254.19},{"text":"doctors","start":4254.23,"end":4254.71},{"text":"had","start":4254.71,"end":4254.95},{"text":"little","start":4254.95,"end":4255.27},{"text":"hope","start":4255.27,"end":4255.59},{"text":"that","start":4255.99,"end":4256.15},{"text":"she","start":4256.15,"end":4256.39},{"text":"was","start":4256.39,"end":4256.63},{"text":"going","start":4256.63,"end":4256.79},{"text":"to","start":4256.79,"end":4256.91},{"text":"survive.","start":4256.91,"end":4257.51}]},{"text":"She weighed barely four kilograms, but after receiving therapeutic milk and other nutrition services and support, she's now stable.","start":4257.99,"end":4266.79,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"She","start":4257.99,"end":4258.23},{"text":"weighed","start":4258.23,"end":4258.55},{"text":"barely","start":4258.55,"end":4259.03},{"text":"four","start":4259.03,"end":4259.27},{"text":"kilograms,","start":4259.27,"end":4260.15},{"text":"but","start":4260.47,"end":4260.71},{"text":"after","start":4260.71,"end":4261.03},{"text":"receiving","start":4261.03,"end":4261.67},{"text":"therapeutic","start":4261.67,"end":4262.27},{"text":"milk","start":4262.27,"end":4262.79},{"text":"and","start":4263.03,"end":4263.31},{"text":"other","start":4263.31,"end":4263.51},{"text":"nutrition","start":4263.51,"end":4264.07},{"text":"services","start":4264.07,"end":4264.75},{"text":"and","start":4264.75,"end":4264.87},{"text":"support,","start":4264.87,"end":4265.51},{"text":"she's","start":4265.75,"end":4266.07},{"text":"now","start":4266.07,"end":4266.23},{"text":"stable.","start":4266.23,"end":4266.79}]},{"text":"When I met her two days ago in Nangarhar, she was still very frail.","start":4267.39,"end":4271.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"When","start":4267.39,"end":4267.67},{"text":"I","start":4267.67,"end":4267.75},{"text":"met","start":4267.75,"end":4268.07},{"text":"her","start":4268.07,"end":4268.19},{"text":"two","start":4268.19,"end":4268.39},{"text":"days","start":4268.39,"end":4268.63},{"text":"ago","start":4268.63,"end":4268.95},{"text":"in","start":4268.95,"end":4269.23},{"text":"Nangarhar,","start":4269.23,"end":4269.91},{"text":"she","start":4270.15,"end":4270.27},{"text":"was","start":4270.27,"end":4270.43},{"text":"still","start":4270.43,"end":4270.63},{"text":"very","start":4270.63,"end":4270.95},{"text":"frail.","start":4270.95,"end":4271.35}]},{"text":"My hope is that Sajida will survive, although I acknowledge that she has not completely come out of the woods.","start":4272.07,"end":4278.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":4272.07,"end":4272.23},{"text":"hope","start":4272.23,"end":4272.71},{"text":"is","start":4272.71,"end":4272.87},{"text":"that","start":4272.87,"end":4272.99},{"text":"Sajida","start":4272.99,"end":4273.51},{"text":"will","start":4273.51,"end":4273.67},{"text":"survive,","start":4273.67,"end":4274.39},{"text":"although","start":4274.71,"end":4275.27},{"text":"I","start":4275.27,"end":4275.35},{"text":"acknowledge","start":4275.35,"end":4275.99},{"text":"that","start":4275.99,"end":4276.15},{"text":"she","start":4276.15,"end":4276.27},{"text":"has","start":4276.27,"end":4276.43},{"text":"not","start":4276.47,"end":4276.71},{"text":"completely","start":4276.71,"end":4277.51},{"text":"come","start":4277.71,"end":4277.95},{"text":"out","start":4277.95,"end":4278.19},{"text":"of","start":4278.19,"end":4278.27},{"text":"the","start":4278.27,"end":4278.39},{"text":"woods.","start":4278.39,"end":4278.99}]},{"text":"And Sajida is just one of the many children suffering from malnutrition in Afghanistan.","start":4279.31,"end":4284.83,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4279.31,"end":4279.47},{"text":"Sajida","start":4279.47,"end":4279.95},{"text":"is","start":4279.95,"end":4280.03},{"text":"just","start":4280.03,"end":4280.35},{"text":"one","start":4280.35,"end":4280.55},{"text":"of","start":4280.55,"end":4280.67},{"text":"the","start":4280.67,"end":4280.79},{"text":"many","start":4280.79,"end":4281.15},{"text":"children","start":4281.15,"end":4281.79},{"text":"suffering","start":4281.95,"end":4282.51},{"text":"from","start":4282.51,"end":4282.87},{"text":"malnutrition","start":4282.87,"end":4283.79},{"text":"in","start":4283.79,"end":4284.03},{"text":"Afghanistan.","start":4284.03,"end":4284.83}]},{"text":"But it's not only in the east.","start":4285.79,"end":4287.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":4285.79,"end":4285.95},{"text":"it's","start":4285.95,"end":4286.19},{"text":"not","start":4286.19,"end":4286.35},{"text":"only","start":4286.35,"end":4286.59},{"text":"in","start":4286.59,"end":4286.71},{"text":"the","start":4286.71,"end":4286.79},{"text":"east.","start":4286.79,"end":4287.19}]},{"text":"What I witnessed in the southern part of the country when I visited the regional hospital in Kandahar in July, which provides services to five provinces in the southern region of the country, is similar.","start":4287.75,"end":4301.71,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"What","start":4287.75,"end":4288.03},{"text":"I","start":4288.03,"end":4288.19},{"text":"witnessed","start":4288.19,"end":4288.95},{"text":"in","start":4289.15,"end":4289.39},{"text":"the","start":4289.39,"end":4289.51},{"text":"southern","start":4289.51,"end":4290.03},{"text":"part","start":4290.03,"end":4290.35},{"text":"of","start":4290.35,"end":4290.51},{"text":"the","start":4290.51,"end":4290.59},{"text":"country","start":4290.59,"end":4291.03},{"text":"when","start":4291.03,"end":4291.23},{"text":"I","start":4291.23,"end":4291.39},{"text":"visited","start":4291.39,"end":4292.11},{"text":"the","start":4292.43,"end":4292.55},{"text":"regional","start":4292.59,"end":4293.15},{"text":"hospital","start":4293.15,"end":4293.71},{"text":"in","start":4293.71,"end":4293.87},{"text":"Kandahar","start":4293.87,"end":4294.51},{"text":"in","start":4294.51,"end":4294.75},{"text":"July,","start":4294.75,"end":4295.23},{"text":"which","start":4295.59,"end":4295.87},{"text":"provides","start":4295.87,"end":4296.35},{"text":"services","start":4296.35,"end":4297.07},{"text":"to","start":4297.07,"end":4297.23},{"text":"five","start":4297.23,"end":4297.79},{"text":"provinces","start":4297.79,"end":4298.75},{"text":"in","start":4298.91,"end":4299.07},{"text":"the","start":4299.07,"end":4299.19},{"text":"southern","start":4299.19,"end":4299.63},{"text":"region","start":4299.63,"end":4299.95},{"text":"of","start":4299.95,"end":4300.03},{"text":"the","start":4300.03,"end":4300.15},{"text":"country,","start":4300.15,"end":4300.83},{"text":"is","start":4300.99,"end":4301.19},{"text":"similar.","start":4301.19,"end":4301.71}]},{"text":"I saw many young children with complications from malnutrition being treated.","start":4302.43,"end":4308.19,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4302.43,"end":4302.59},{"text":"saw","start":4302.59,"end":4302.83},{"text":"many","start":4302.83,"end":4303.23},{"text":"young","start":4303.23,"end":4303.55},{"text":"children","start":4303.55,"end":4304.27},{"text":"with","start":4304.51,"end":4304.67},{"text":"complications","start":4304.67,"end":4305.95},{"text":"from","start":4306.07,"end":4306.39},{"text":"malnutrition","start":4306.39,"end":4307.31},{"text":"being","start":4307.39,"end":4307.67},{"text":"treated.","start":4307.67,"end":4308.19}]},{"text":"These cases reflect a much bigger and increasingly alarm picture across the country.","start":4308.91,"end":4315.15,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":4308.91,"end":4309.15},{"text":"cases","start":4309.15,"end":4309.59},{"text":"reflect","start":4309.59,"end":4310.19},{"text":"a","start":4310.75,"end":4310.79},{"text":"much","start":4310.79,"end":4311.15},{"text":"bigger","start":4311.15,"end":4311.87},{"text":"and","start":4312.19,"end":4312.39},{"text":"increasingly","start":4312.39,"end":4313.15},{"text":"alarm","start":4313.15,"end":4313.55},{"text":"picture","start":4313.55,"end":4314.11},{"text":"across","start":4314.11,"end":4314.51},{"text":"the","start":4314.51,"end":4314.63},{"text":"country.","start":4314.63,"end":4315.15}]},{"text":"But today, I also want to draw attention to something that happened before a child reaches the stage of being in a hospital bed.","start":4315.87,"end":4324.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":4315.87,"end":4316.19},{"text":"today,","start":4316.19,"end":4316.67},{"text":"I","start":4317.07,"end":4317.23},{"text":"also","start":4317.23,"end":4317.63},{"text":"want","start":4317.63,"end":4317.83},{"text":"to","start":4317.83,"end":4317.91},{"text":"draw","start":4317.95,"end":4318.19},{"text":"attention","start":4318.19,"end":4318.91},{"text":"to","start":4318.91,"end":4319.03},{"text":"something","start":4319.03,"end":4319.51},{"text":"that","start":4319.51,"end":4319.75},{"text":"happened","start":4319.75,"end":4320.15},{"text":"before","start":4320.15,"end":4320.59},{"text":"a","start":4320.59,"end":4320.63},{"text":"child","start":4320.63,"end":4321.15},{"text":"reaches","start":4321.39,"end":4321.87},{"text":"the","start":4321.87,"end":4321.95},{"text":"stage","start":4321.95,"end":4322.59},{"text":"of","start":4322.83,"end":4323.03},{"text":"being","start":4323.03,"end":4323.27},{"text":"in","start":4323.27,"end":4323.59},{"text":"a","start":4323.59,"end":4323.63},{"text":"hospital","start":4323.63,"end":4324.07},{"text":"bed.","start":4324.07,"end":4324.43}]},{"text":"Last month, for example, UNICEF released a new report that we titled, Too Little Too Late, the Diet Crisis Facing Young Children in Afghanistan.","start":4325.55,"end":4337.23,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"Last","start":4325.55,"end":4325.95},{"text":"month,","start":4325.95,"end":4326.15},{"text":"for","start":4326.15,"end":4326.35},{"text":"example,","start":4326.35,"end":4326.99},{"text":"UNICEF","start":4327.31,"end":4327.95},{"text":"released","start":4327.95,"end":4328.43},{"text":"a","start":4328.43,"end":4328.47},{"text":"new","start":4328.47,"end":4328.83},{"text":"report","start":4328.83,"end":4329.35},{"text":"that","start":4329.35,"end":4329.47},{"text":"we","start":4329.47,"end":4329.63},{"text":"titled,","start":4329.63,"end":4330.35},{"text":"Too","start":4330.75,"end":4330.91},{"text":"Little","start":4330.91,"end":4331.39},{"text":"Too","start":4331.39,"end":4331.71},{"text":"Late,","start":4331.71,"end":4332.11},{"text":"the","start":4332.43,"end":4332.55},{"text":"Diet","start":4332.59,"end":4332.99},{"text":"Crisis","start":4332.99,"end":4334.03},{"text":"Facing","start":4334.35,"end":4334.99},{"text":"Young","start":4334.99,"end":4335.55},{"text":"Children","start":4335.55,"end":4336.15},{"text":"in","start":4336.15,"end":4336.35},{"text":"Afghanistan.","start":4336.35,"end":4337.23}]},{"text":"And in that report, for the very first time, in the scale that we did the analysis, UNICEF was able to analyze child malnutrition across Afghanistan, bringing focus to actually what our children are eating in the homes.","start":4337.95,"end":4354.75,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4337.95,"end":4338.15},{"text":"in","start":4338.15,"end":4338.31},{"text":"that","start":4338.31,"end":4338.43},{"text":"report,","start":4338.43,"end":4338.91},{"text":"for","start":4338.91,"end":4339.07},{"text":"the","start":4339.07,"end":4339.15},{"text":"very","start":4339.15,"end":4339.47},{"text":"first","start":4339.47,"end":4339.87},{"text":"time,","start":4339.87,"end":4340.19},{"text":"in","start":4340.75,"end":4340.91},{"text":"the","start":4340.91,"end":4341.03},{"text":"scale","start":4341.07,"end":4341.55},{"text":"that","start":4341.55,"end":4341.79},{"text":"we","start":4341.79,"end":4341.95},{"text":"did","start":4341.95,"end":4342.23},{"text":"the","start":4342.23,"end":4342.31},{"text":"analysis,","start":4342.31,"end":4343.15},{"text":"UNICEF","start":4343.59,"end":4344.11},{"text":"was","start":4344.11,"end":4344.43},{"text":"able","start":4344.51,"end":4344.99},{"text":"to","start":4345.31,"end":4345.51},{"text":"analyze","start":4345.51,"end":4346.03},{"text":"child","start":4346.03,"end":4346.47},{"text":"malnutrition","start":4346.47,"end":4347.31},{"text":"across","start":4347.31,"end":4348.03},{"text":"Afghanistan,","start":4348.27,"end":4349.31},{"text":"bringing","start":4349.71,"end":4350.15},{"text":"focus","start":4350.15,"end":4350.67},{"text":"to","start":4350.67,"end":4350.83},{"text":"actually","start":4350.83,"end":4351.63},{"text":"what","start":4351.87,"end":4352.35},{"text":"our","start":4352.35,"end":4352.59},{"text":"children","start":4352.59,"end":4353.11},{"text":"are","start":4353.11,"end":4353.23},{"text":"eating","start":4353.31,"end":4353.79},{"text":"in","start":4353.95,"end":4354.07},{"text":"the","start":4354.07,"end":4354.15},{"text":"homes.","start":4354.15,"end":4354.75}]},{"text":"And the findings are very concerning.","start":4355.31,"end":4357.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4355.31,"end":4355.51},{"text":"the","start":4355.51,"end":4355.59},{"text":"findings","start":4355.59,"end":4356.19},{"text":"are","start":4356.19,"end":4356.27},{"text":"very","start":4356.27,"end":4356.59},{"text":"concerning.","start":4356.59,"end":4357.23}]},{"text":"Families begin cutting back on nutritious food.","start":4358.11,"end":4361.39,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"Families","start":4358.11,"end":4358.75},{"text":"begin","start":4358.75,"end":4359.39},{"text":"cutting","start":4359.39,"end":4359.87},{"text":"back","start":4359.87,"end":4360.27},{"text":"on","start":4360.27,"end":4360.39},{"text":"nutritious","start":4360.39,"end":4360.99},{"text":"food.","start":4360.99,"end":4361.39}]},{"text":"Children are eating fewer different types of food.","start":4362.27,"end":4365.23,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"Children","start":4362.27,"end":4362.83},{"text":"are","start":4362.83,"end":4362.99},{"text":"eating","start":4362.99,"end":4363.47},{"text":"fewer","start":4363.47,"end":4363.87},{"text":"different","start":4363.87,"end":4364.39},{"text":"types","start":4364.39,"end":4364.71},{"text":"of","start":4364.71,"end":4364.83},{"text":"food.","start":4364.83,"end":4365.23}]},{"text":"Meals are becoming smaller and sometimes meals are skipped.","start":4366.11,"end":4369.71,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"Meals","start":4366.11,"end":4366.51},{"text":"are","start":4366.51,"end":4366.59},{"text":"becoming","start":4366.59,"end":4367.15},{"text":"smaller","start":4367.15,"end":4367.87},{"text":"and","start":4367.87,"end":4368.07},{"text":"sometimes","start":4368.07,"end":4368.75},{"text":"meals","start":4368.75,"end":4369.07},{"text":"are","start":4369.07,"end":4369.15},{"text":"skipped.","start":4369.15,"end":4369.71}]},{"text":"And in some instances, children do go hungry.","start":4370.19,"end":4373.63,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4370.19,"end":4370.43},{"text":"in","start":4370.43,"end":4370.51},{"text":"some","start":4370.51,"end":4370.75},{"text":"instances,","start":4370.75,"end":4371.71},{"text":"children","start":4372.03,"end":4372.67},{"text":"do","start":4372.67,"end":4372.91},{"text":"go","start":4372.91,"end":4373.11},{"text":"hungry.","start":4373.11,"end":4373.63}]},{"text":"Half of Afghanistan children are living in what we call severe child food poverty.","start":4375.07,"end":4381.15,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"Half","start":4375.07,"end":4375.55},{"text":"of","start":4375.55,"end":4375.71},{"text":"Afghanistan","start":4375.71,"end":4376.51},{"text":"children","start":4376.51,"end":4377.15},{"text":"are","start":4377.63,"end":4377.79},{"text":"living","start":4377.79,"end":4378.27},{"text":"in","start":4378.27,"end":4378.47},{"text":"what","start":4378.47,"end":4378.75},{"text":"we","start":4378.75,"end":4378.83},{"text":"call","start":4378.83,"end":4379.15},{"text":"severe","start":4379.15,"end":4379.71},{"text":"child","start":4379.71,"end":4380.07},{"text":"food","start":4380.07,"end":4380.43},{"text":"poverty.","start":4380.51,"end":4381.15}]},{"text":"And what this means is that they are eating food from just two or fewer food groups that they require to grow and develop.","start":4381.91,"end":4390.95,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4381.91,"end":4382.03},{"text":"what","start":4382.03,"end":4382.27},{"text":"this","start":4382.27,"end":4382.55},{"text":"means","start":4382.55,"end":4382.95},{"text":"is","start":4382.95,"end":4383.11},{"text":"that","start":4383.11,"end":4383.35},{"text":"they","start":4383.35,"end":4383.47},{"text":"are","start":4383.47,"end":4383.59},{"text":"eating","start":4383.59,"end":4383.99},{"text":"food","start":4383.99,"end":4384.47},{"text":"from","start":4384.95,"end":4385.27},{"text":"just","start":4385.27,"end":4385.63},{"text":"two","start":4385.63,"end":4385.91},{"text":"or","start":4385.91,"end":4386.15},{"text":"fewer","start":4386.15,"end":4386.79},{"text":"food","start":4386.87,"end":4387.11},{"text":"groups","start":4387.11,"end":4387.75},{"text":"that","start":4387.99,"end":4388.19},{"text":"they","start":4388.19,"end":4388.31},{"text":"require","start":4388.31,"end":4389.19},{"text":"to","start":4389.43,"end":4389.55},{"text":"grow","start":4389.59,"end":4390.15},{"text":"and","start":4390.15,"end":4390.43},{"text":"develop.","start":4390.43,"end":4390.95}]},{"text":"And when children reach the age of six months, and when they should start receiving nutritious complementary food alongside breast milk, the reality for many children and family is completely different.","start":4391.83,"end":4405.87,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4391.83,"end":4391.99},{"text":"when","start":4391.99,"end":4392.31},{"text":"children","start":4392.31,"end":4392.71},{"text":"reach","start":4392.71,"end":4393.03},{"text":"the","start":4393.03,"end":4393.15},{"text":"age","start":4393.19,"end":4393.43},{"text":"of","start":4393.43,"end":4393.51},{"text":"six","start":4393.51,"end":4393.91},{"text":"months,","start":4393.91,"end":4394.55},{"text":"and","start":4395.11,"end":4395.31},{"text":"when","start":4395.31,"end":4395.59},{"text":"they","start":4395.59,"end":4395.71},{"text":"should","start":4395.71,"end":4395.99},{"text":"start","start":4396.15,"end":4396.55},{"text":"receiving","start":4396.55,"end":4397.15},{"text":"nutritious","start":4397.15,"end":4397.99},{"text":"complementary","start":4397.99,"end":4398.87},{"text":"food","start":4398.87,"end":4399.31},{"text":"alongside","start":4399.75,"end":4400.31},{"text":"breast","start":4400.31,"end":4400.79},{"text":"milk,","start":4400.79,"end":4401.35},{"text":"the","start":4401.95,"end":4402.03},{"text":"reality","start":4402.03,"end":4402.79},{"text":"for","start":4402.99,"end":4403.15},{"text":"many","start":4403.15,"end":4403.43},{"text":"children","start":4403.43,"end":4403.99},{"text":"and","start":4403.99,"end":4404.11},{"text":"family","start":4404.11,"end":4404.71},{"text":"is","start":4404.71,"end":4404.87},{"text":"completely","start":4404.87,"end":4405.35},{"text":"different.","start":4405.35,"end":4405.87}]},{"text":"What we see is that a child's first food may consist of little more than bread with tea or some form of watered down yogurt.","start":4406.55,"end":4415.79,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"What","start":4406.55,"end":4406.87},{"text":"we","start":4406.87,"end":4407.03},{"text":"see","start":4407.03,"end":4407.51},{"text":"is","start":4407.83,"end":4408.07},{"text":"that","start":4408.07,"end":4408.27},{"text":"a","start":4408.27,"end":4408.31},{"text":"child's","start":4408.31,"end":4408.79},{"text":"first","start":4408.79,"end":4409.11},{"text":"food","start":4409.11,"end":4409.51},{"text":"may","start":4410.03,"end":4410.19},{"text":"consist","start":4410.19,"end":4410.83},{"text":"of","start":4410.83,"end":4410.99},{"text":"little","start":4410.99,"end":4411.35},{"text":"more","start":4411.35,"end":4411.63},{"text":"than","start":4411.63,"end":4411.87},{"text":"bread","start":4411.87,"end":4412.27},{"text":"with","start":4412.27,"end":4412.43},{"text":"tea","start":4412.43,"end":4412.91},{"text":"or","start":4413.47,"end":4413.71},{"text":"some","start":4413.71,"end":4414.03},{"text":"form","start":4414.03,"end":4414.39},{"text":"of","start":4414.39,"end":4414.47},{"text":"watered","start":4414.47,"end":4414.95},{"text":"down","start":4414.95,"end":4415.19},{"text":"yogurt.","start":4415.19,"end":4415.79}]},{"text":"And for a growing child, this is simply not enough.","start":4416.51,"end":4420.03,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4416.51,"end":4416.75},{"text":"for","start":4416.75,"end":4416.95},{"text":"a","start":4416.95,"end":4416.99},{"text":"growing","start":4416.99,"end":4417.47},{"text":"child,","start":4417.47,"end":4418.11},{"text":"this","start":4418.35,"end":4418.59},{"text":"is","start":4418.59,"end":4418.71},{"text":"simply","start":4418.71,"end":4419.23},{"text":"not","start":4419.23,"end":4419.55},{"text":"enough.","start":4419.55,"end":4420.03}]},{"text":"The UNICEF analysis also shows that children living in severely food insecure household can have up to six times more likelihood to suffer from wasting during the peak malnutrition period in the country.","start":4420.83,"end":4439.63,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4420.83,"end":4421.03},{"text":"UNICEF","start":4421.03,"end":4421.55},{"text":"analysis","start":4421.55,"end":4422.19},{"text":"also","start":4422.19,"end":4422.51},{"text":"shows","start":4422.51,"end":4423.23},{"text":"that","start":4423.63,"end":4423.91},{"text":"children","start":4423.91,"end":4424.43},{"text":"living","start":4424.43,"end":4425.07},{"text":"in","start":4425.47,"end":4425.71},{"text":"severely","start":4425.71,"end":4426.35},{"text":"food","start":4426.35,"end":4426.91},{"text":"insecure","start":4426.99,"end":4427.71},{"text":"household","start":4427.71,"end":4428.51},{"text":"can","start":4428.91,"end":4429.15},{"text":"have","start":4429.15,"end":4429.63},{"text":"up","start":4429.79,"end":4429.95},{"text":"to","start":4429.95,"end":4430.15},{"text":"six","start":4430.15,"end":4430.51},{"text":"times","start":4430.51,"end":4431.23},{"text":"more","start":4431.39,"end":4431.63},{"text":"likelihood","start":4431.63,"end":4432.51},{"text":"to","start":4432.91,"end":4433.03},{"text":"suffer","start":4433.03,"end":4433.55},{"text":"from","start":4433.55,"end":4433.95},{"text":"wasting","start":4433.95,"end":4434.59},{"text":"during","start":4434.91,"end":4435.27},{"text":"the","start":4435.27,"end":4435.35},{"text":"peak","start":4435.39,"end":4435.95},{"text":"malnutrition","start":4436.27,"end":4437.63},{"text":"period","start":4438.27,"end":4438.83},{"text":"in","start":4438.83,"end":4438.99},{"text":"the","start":4438.99,"end":4439.11},{"text":"country.","start":4439.11,"end":4439.63}]},{"text":"Wasting is one of the most dangerous form of malnutrition that a child can be exposed to.","start":4440.75,"end":4447.39,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"Wasting","start":4440.75,"end":4441.39},{"text":"is","start":4441.71,"end":4441.95},{"text":"one","start":4441.95,"end":4442.19},{"text":"of","start":4442.19,"end":4442.27},{"text":"the","start":4442.27,"end":4442.43},{"text":"most","start":4442.43,"end":4443.07},{"text":"dangerous","start":4443.39,"end":4444.03},{"text":"form","start":4444.03,"end":4444.43},{"text":"of","start":4444.43,"end":4444.51},{"text":"malnutrition","start":4444.51,"end":4445.47},{"text":"that","start":4445.71,"end":4445.99},{"text":"a","start":4445.99,"end":4446.03},{"text":"child","start":4446.03,"end":4446.35},{"text":"can","start":4446.35,"end":4446.55},{"text":"be","start":4446.55,"end":4446.67},{"text":"exposed","start":4446.67,"end":4447.19},{"text":"to.","start":4447.19,"end":4447.39}]},{"text":"If I put it in a simple way, this means that the children are becoming dangerously thin for their height, and often because they are getting not enough nutritious food, but also because they are sick or a combination of both.","start":4448.11,"end":4463.95,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":4448.11,"end":4448.27},{"text":"I","start":4448.27,"end":4448.35},{"text":"put","start":4448.35,"end":4448.63},{"text":"it","start":4448.63,"end":4448.75},{"text":"in","start":4448.75,"end":4448.87},{"text":"a","start":4448.87,"end":4448.91},{"text":"simple","start":4448.91,"end":4449.39},{"text":"way,","start":4449.39,"end":4449.71},{"text":"this","start":4450.03,"end":4450.35},{"text":"means","start":4450.35,"end":4450.59},{"text":"that","start":4450.59,"end":4450.75},{"text":"the","start":4450.75,"end":4450.83},{"text":"children","start":4450.83,"end":4451.55},{"text":"are","start":4452.59,"end":4452.67},{"text":"becoming","start":4452.67,"end":4453.19},{"text":"dangerously","start":4453.19,"end":4453.87},{"text":"thin","start":4453.87,"end":4454.43},{"text":"for","start":4454.63,"end":4454.83},{"text":"their","start":4454.83,"end":4454.99},{"text":"height,","start":4454.99,"end":4455.47},{"text":"and","start":4456.19,"end":4456.43},{"text":"often","start":4456.43,"end":4456.75},{"text":"because","start":4456.75,"end":4457.47},{"text":"they","start":4457.63,"end":4457.75},{"text":"are","start":4457.75,"end":4457.83},{"text":"getting","start":4457.83,"end":4458.31},{"text":"not","start":4458.31,"end":4458.83},{"text":"enough","start":4458.83,"end":4459.23},{"text":"nutritious","start":4459.23,"end":4459.79},{"text":"food,","start":4459.79,"end":4460.11},{"text":"but","start":4460.59,"end":4460.83},{"text":"also","start":4460.83,"end":4461.11},{"text":"because","start":4461.11,"end":4461.59},{"text":"they","start":4461.59,"end":4461.67},{"text":"are","start":4461.67,"end":4461.75},{"text":"sick","start":4461.75,"end":4462.19},{"text":"or","start":4462.59,"end":4462.71},{"text":"a","start":4462.71,"end":4462.75},{"text":"combination","start":4462.75,"end":4463.51},{"text":"of","start":4463.51,"end":4463.59},{"text":"both.","start":4463.59,"end":4463.95}]},{"text":"Without timely care, it can become life-threatening, and we are seeing many of that in our hospital beds.","start":4464.91,"end":4470.99,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"Without","start":4464.91,"end":4465.47},{"text":"timely","start":4465.47,"end":4465.79},{"text":"care,","start":4465.79,"end":4466.35},{"text":"it","start":4466.83,"end":4466.99},{"text":"can","start":4466.99,"end":4467.15},{"text":"become","start":4467.15,"end":4467.55},{"text":"life-threatening,","start":4467.55,"end":4468.43},{"text":"and","start":4468.43,"end":4468.63},{"text":"we","start":4468.63,"end":4468.75},{"text":"are","start":4468.75,"end":4468.83},{"text":"seeing","start":4468.83,"end":4469.07},{"text":"many","start":4469.07,"end":4469.35},{"text":"of","start":4469.35,"end":4469.47},{"text":"that","start":4469.47,"end":4469.79},{"text":"in","start":4469.79,"end":4469.95},{"text":"our","start":4469.95,"end":4470.07},{"text":"hospital","start":4470.07,"end":4470.55},{"text":"beds.","start":4470.55,"end":4470.99}]},{"text":"But malnutrition in Afghanistan is not only about the lack of food.","start":4472.11,"end":4476.91,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":4472.11,"end":4472.35},{"text":"malnutrition","start":4472.35,"end":4473.07},{"text":"in","start":4473.07,"end":4473.23},{"text":"Afghanistan","start":4473.23,"end":4474.19},{"text":"is","start":4474.51,"end":4474.67},{"text":"not","start":4474.67,"end":4474.99},{"text":"only","start":4474.99,"end":4475.47},{"text":"about","start":4475.47,"end":4475.87},{"text":"the","start":4475.87,"end":4476.07},{"text":"lack","start":4476.07,"end":4476.39},{"text":"of","start":4476.39,"end":4476.47},{"text":"food.","start":4476.47,"end":4476.91}]},{"text":"A child who is already poorly nourished and then develops severe diarrhea or respiratory infection can deteriorate very quickly.","start":4478.03,"end":4489.47,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":4478.03,"end":4478.07},{"text":"child","start":4478.07,"end":4478.59},{"text":"who","start":4478.75,"end":4478.95},{"text":"is","start":4478.95,"end":4479.15},{"text":"already","start":4479.15,"end":4479.87},{"text":"poorly","start":4479.87,"end":4480.35},{"text":"nourished","start":4480.35,"end":4480.99},{"text":"and","start":4481.63,"end":4481.91},{"text":"then","start":4481.91,"end":4482.11},{"text":"develops","start":4482.11,"end":4482.63},{"text":"severe","start":4482.63,"end":4482.99},{"text":"diarrhea","start":4482.99,"end":4483.79},{"text":"or","start":4484.43,"end":4484.99},{"text":"respiratory","start":4485.39,"end":4486.11},{"text":"infection","start":4486.11,"end":4486.91},{"text":"can","start":4487.31,"end":4487.55},{"text":"deteriorate","start":4487.55,"end":4488.35},{"text":"very","start":4488.51,"end":4488.91},{"text":"quickly.","start":4488.91,"end":4489.47}]},{"text":"And a child who repeatedly becomes sick in turns with much more continually become malnourished.","start":4490.19,"end":4497.51,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4490.19,"end":4490.43},{"text":"a","start":4490.43,"end":4490.47},{"text":"child","start":4490.47,"end":4490.99},{"text":"who","start":4491.03,"end":4491.19},{"text":"repeatedly","start":4491.19,"end":4491.87},{"text":"becomes","start":4491.87,"end":4492.39},{"text":"sick","start":4492.39,"end":4492.83},{"text":"in","start":4493.39,"end":4493.55},{"text":"turns","start":4493.55,"end":4494.19},{"text":"with","start":4494.43,"end":4494.59},{"text":"much","start":4494.59,"end":4494.99},{"text":"more","start":4494.99,"end":4495.31},{"text":"continually","start":4495.75,"end":4496.39},{"text":"become","start":4496.39,"end":4496.79},{"text":"malnourished.","start":4496.79,"end":4497.51}]},{"text":"So it becomes a vicious cycle for those children that are experiencing these on the ground.","start":4497.75,"end":4503.67,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":4497.75,"end":4497.99},{"text":"it","start":4497.99,"end":4498.07},{"text":"becomes","start":4498.07,"end":4498.55},{"text":"a","start":4498.55,"end":4498.59},{"text":"vicious","start":4498.59,"end":4499.07},{"text":"cycle","start":4499.07,"end":4499.67},{"text":"for","start":4500.07,"end":4500.23},{"text":"those","start":4500.23,"end":4500.71},{"text":"children","start":4500.79,"end":4501.43},{"text":"that","start":4501.51,"end":4501.75},{"text":"are","start":4501.75,"end":4501.91},{"text":"experiencing","start":4501.91,"end":4502.67},{"text":"these","start":4502.67,"end":4503.03},{"text":"on","start":4503.03,"end":4503.19},{"text":"the","start":4503.19,"end":4503.27},{"text":"ground.","start":4503.27,"end":4503.67}]},{"text":"This year alone, this longstanding problem have been compounded by several additional pressures that we are experiencing in Afghanistan.","start":4504.55,"end":4513.67,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4504.55,"end":4504.87},{"text":"year","start":4504.87,"end":4505.03},{"text":"alone,","start":4505.03,"end":4505.43},{"text":"this","start":4505.99,"end":4506.39},{"text":"longstanding","start":4506.39,"end":4507.19},{"text":"problem","start":4507.19,"end":4507.83},{"text":"have","start":4507.83,"end":4508.03},{"text":"been","start":4508.03,"end":4508.23},{"text":"compounded","start":4508.23,"end":4509.11},{"text":"by","start":4509.35,"end":4509.59},{"text":"several","start":4509.59,"end":4510.23},{"text":"additional","start":4510.23,"end":4510.79},{"text":"pressures","start":4510.79,"end":4511.51},{"text":"that","start":4511.75,"end":4511.91},{"text":"we","start":4511.91,"end":4512.11},{"text":"are","start":4512.11,"end":4512.19},{"text":"experiencing","start":4512.19,"end":4512.75},{"text":"in","start":4512.75,"end":4512.91},{"text":"Afghanistan.","start":4512.91,"end":4513.67}]},{"text":"For example, Afghanistan has endured successful years of drought, floods, destructive rain, and also many flash floods like I mentioned in Northeast.","start":4514.47,"end":4527.03,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":4514.47,"end":4514.63},{"text":"example,","start":4514.63,"end":4515.19},{"text":"Afghanistan","start":4515.83,"end":4516.59},{"text":"has","start":4516.59,"end":4516.79},{"text":"endured","start":4516.79,"end":4517.67},{"text":"successful","start":4517.99,"end":4518.71},{"text":"years","start":4518.71,"end":4519.11},{"text":"of","start":4519.11,"end":4519.19},{"text":"drought,","start":4519.19,"end":4519.83},{"text":"floods,","start":4520.59,"end":4521.27},{"text":"destructive","start":4521.91,"end":4522.47},{"text":"rain,","start":4522.47,"end":4522.87},{"text":"and","start":4523.43,"end":4523.67},{"text":"also","start":4523.67,"end":4523.91},{"text":"many","start":4523.91,"end":4524.23},{"text":"flash","start":4524.23,"end":4524.47},{"text":"floods","start":4524.47,"end":4524.87},{"text":"like","start":4524.87,"end":4525.11},{"text":"I","start":4525.11,"end":4525.15},{"text":"mentioned","start":4525.15,"end":4525.83},{"text":"in","start":4525.83,"end":4526.43},{"text":"Northeast.","start":4526.43,"end":4527.03}]},{"text":"And with this year's super El Nino coming, the impact of climate related shocks are projected to be more intense and will have more implication for children and by extension, malnutrition.","start":4527.75,"end":4540.31,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4527.75,"end":4527.95},{"text":"with","start":4527.95,"end":4528.11},{"text":"this","start":4528.11,"end":4528.35},{"text":"year's","start":4528.35,"end":4528.71},{"text":"super","start":4528.71,"end":4528.95},{"text":"El","start":4528.95,"end":4529.19},{"text":"Nino","start":4529.19,"end":4529.43},{"text":"coming,","start":4529.43,"end":4529.99},{"text":"the","start":4530.51,"end":4530.59},{"text":"impact","start":4530.71,"end":4531.27},{"text":"of","start":4531.43,"end":4531.55},{"text":"climate","start":4531.55,"end":4532.23},{"text":"related","start":4532.47,"end":4532.87},{"text":"shocks","start":4532.87,"end":4533.35},{"text":"are","start":4533.35,"end":4533.51},{"text":"projected","start":4533.51,"end":4534.15},{"text":"to","start":4534.15,"end":4534.31},{"text":"be","start":4534.31,"end":4534.39},{"text":"more","start":4534.39,"end":4534.63},{"text":"intense","start":4534.63,"end":4535.35},{"text":"and","start":4535.59,"end":4535.75},{"text":"will","start":4535.75,"end":4535.99},{"text":"have","start":4535.99,"end":4536.15},{"text":"more","start":4536.15,"end":4536.31},{"text":"implication","start":4536.31,"end":4537.27},{"text":"for","start":4537.51,"end":4537.67},{"text":"children","start":4537.67,"end":4538.39},{"text":"and","start":4538.39,"end":4538.51},{"text":"by","start":4538.55,"end":4538.71},{"text":"extension,","start":4538.71,"end":4539.43},{"text":"malnutrition.","start":4539.43,"end":4540.31}]},{"text":"At the same time, regional instability is disrupting cross-border trade and livelihood.","start":4541.11,"end":4547.99,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":4541.11,"end":4541.31},{"text":"the","start":4541.31,"end":4541.39},{"text":"same","start":4541.39,"end":4541.67},{"text":"time,","start":4541.67,"end":4541.99},{"text":"regional","start":4542.63,"end":4543.19},{"text":"instability","start":4543.19,"end":4544.31},{"text":"is","start":4544.55,"end":4544.71},{"text":"disrupting","start":4544.71,"end":4545.51},{"text":"cross-border","start":4545.59,"end":4546.39},{"text":"trade","start":4546.39,"end":4546.95},{"text":"and","start":4547.19,"end":4547.39},{"text":"livelihood.","start":4547.39,"end":4547.99}]},{"text":"Six million people more than half of whom are children who have already returned to Afghanistan since 2023, are putting additional pressures on jobs and on livelihood.","start":4548.87,"end":4562.31,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"Six","start":4548.87,"end":4549.27},{"text":"million","start":4549.27,"end":4549.75},{"text":"people","start":4549.75,"end":4550.31},{"text":"more","start":4550.87,"end":4551.27},{"text":"than","start":4551.67,"end":4551.91},{"text":"half","start":4551.91,"end":4552.23},{"text":"of","start":4552.23,"end":4552.31},{"text":"whom","start":4552.31,"end":4552.59},{"text":"are","start":4552.59,"end":4552.71},{"text":"children","start":4552.71,"end":4553.43},{"text":"who","start":4553.83,"end":4553.99},{"text":"have","start":4553.99,"end":4554.15},{"text":"already","start":4554.15,"end":4554.79},{"text":"returned","start":4554.79,"end":4555.27},{"text":"to","start":4555.27,"end":4555.43},{"text":"Afghanistan","start":4555.43,"end":4556.31},{"text":"since","start":4556.31,"end":4556.55},{"text":"2023,","start":4556.55,"end":4557.83},{"text":"are","start":4558.39,"end":4558.55},{"text":"putting","start":4558.55,"end":4559.11},{"text":"additional","start":4559.11,"end":4559.67},{"text":"pressures","start":4559.67,"end":4560.27},{"text":"on","start":4560.27,"end":4560.39},{"text":"jobs","start":4560.39,"end":4561.03},{"text":"and","start":4561.27,"end":4561.51},{"text":"on","start":4561.51,"end":4561.67},{"text":"livelihood.","start":4561.67,"end":4562.31}]},{"text":"And they are also putting additional pressures on essential health and nutrition services, which in themselves are already stretched to the limit.","start":4562.79,"end":4572.63,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4562.79,"end":4563.03},{"text":"they","start":4563.03,"end":4563.11},{"text":"are","start":4563.11,"end":4563.19},{"text":"also","start":4563.19,"end":4563.51},{"text":"putting","start":4563.51,"end":4563.83},{"text":"additional","start":4563.83,"end":4564.31},{"text":"pressures","start":4564.31,"end":4565.11},{"text":"on","start":4565.35,"end":4565.51},{"text":"essential","start":4565.51,"end":4566.07},{"text":"health","start":4566.07,"end":4566.55},{"text":"and","start":4567.03,"end":4567.23},{"text":"nutrition","start":4567.23,"end":4567.67},{"text":"services,","start":4567.67,"end":4568.55},{"text":"which","start":4568.87,"end":4569.19},{"text":"in","start":4569.19,"end":4569.43},{"text":"themselves","start":4569.43,"end":4570.15},{"text":"are","start":4570.31,"end":4570.47},{"text":"already","start":4570.47,"end":4570.95},{"text":"stretched","start":4570.95,"end":4571.59},{"text":"to","start":4571.91,"end":4572.11},{"text":"the","start":4572.11,"end":4572.19},{"text":"limit.","start":4572.23,"end":4572.63}]},{"text":"In Nangarhar, for example, I met with these returnees in the last few days.","start":4573.55,"end":4578.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4573.55,"end":4573.87},{"text":"Nangarhar,","start":4573.87,"end":4574.19},{"text":"for","start":4574.19,"end":4574.35},{"text":"example,","start":4574.35,"end":4575.11},{"text":"I","start":4575.35,"end":4575.51},{"text":"met","start":4575.51,"end":4576.07},{"text":"with","start":4576.07,"end":4576.27},{"text":"these","start":4576.27,"end":4576.47},{"text":"returnees","start":4576.47,"end":4577.19},{"text":"in","start":4577.19,"end":4577.35},{"text":"the","start":4577.35,"end":4577.43},{"text":"last","start":4577.43,"end":4577.71},{"text":"few","start":4577.71,"end":4577.91},{"text":"days.","start":4577.91,"end":4578.39}]},{"text":"And I met families who have returned whose children are receiving care and treatment for malnutrition at the regional hospital.","start":4578.95,"end":4588.63,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4578.95,"end":4579.19},{"text":"I","start":4579.19,"end":4579.27},{"text":"met","start":4579.27,"end":4579.59},{"text":"families","start":4579.59,"end":4580.39},{"text":"who","start":4580.47,"end":4580.59},{"text":"have","start":4580.59,"end":4580.87},{"text":"returned","start":4580.87,"end":4581.55},{"text":"whose","start":4581.83,"end":4582.07},{"text":"children","start":4582.07,"end":4582.79},{"text":"are","start":4583.11,"end":4583.31},{"text":"receiving","start":4583.31,"end":4583.83},{"text":"care","start":4583.83,"end":4584.39},{"text":"and","start":4584.63,"end":4584.83},{"text":"treatment","start":4584.83,"end":4585.51},{"text":"for","start":4585.75,"end":4585.99},{"text":"malnutrition","start":4585.99,"end":4587.03},{"text":"at","start":4587.27,"end":4587.39},{"text":"the","start":4587.39,"end":4587.47},{"text":"regional","start":4587.47,"end":4587.99},{"text":"hospital.","start":4587.99,"end":4588.63}]},{"text":"All of this is happening in a context where families have limited opportunities for livelihood.","start":4589.35,"end":4596.87,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":4589.35,"end":4589.55},{"text":"of","start":4589.55,"end":4589.67},{"text":"this","start":4589.67,"end":4589.83},{"text":"is","start":4589.83,"end":4590.07},{"text":"happening","start":4590.07,"end":4590.71},{"text":"in","start":4591.11,"end":4591.31},{"text":"a","start":4591.31,"end":4591.35},{"text":"context","start":4591.35,"end":4592.19},{"text":"where","start":4592.39,"end":4592.71},{"text":"families","start":4592.71,"end":4593.67},{"text":"have","start":4593.87,"end":4594.15},{"text":"limited","start":4594.15,"end":4594.71},{"text":"opportunities","start":4594.71,"end":4595.99},{"text":"for","start":4596.07,"end":4596.23},{"text":"livelihood.","start":4596.23,"end":4596.87}]},{"text":"In southern Afghanistan, some hospitals are currently seeing three or four severely malnourished children for every available bed.","start":4597.91,"end":4608.39,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4597.91,"end":4598.07},{"text":"southern","start":4598.07,"end":4598.63},{"text":"Afghanistan,","start":4598.63,"end":4599.67},{"text":"some","start":4600.23,"end":4600.51},{"text":"hospitals","start":4600.51,"end":4601.27},{"text":"are","start":4601.27,"end":4601.39},{"text":"currently","start":4601.39,"end":4601.99},{"text":"seeing","start":4601.99,"end":4602.39},{"text":"three","start":4602.39,"end":4602.95},{"text":"or","start":4603.19,"end":4603.43},{"text":"four","start":4603.43,"end":4603.99},{"text":"severely","start":4604.39,"end":4604.95},{"text":"malnourished","start":4604.95,"end":4605.91},{"text":"children","start":4605.91,"end":4606.47},{"text":"for","start":4606.47,"end":4606.71},{"text":"every","start":4606.71,"end":4607.43},{"text":"available","start":4607.51,"end":4607.99},{"text":"bed.","start":4607.99,"end":4608.39}]},{"text":"And even when we successfully treat a child, the story is not over because treatment alone is not enough.","start":4609.51,"end":4617.03,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4609.51,"end":4609.71},{"text":"even","start":4609.71,"end":4609.99},{"text":"when","start":4609.99,"end":4610.55},{"text":"we","start":4610.55,"end":4610.71},{"text":"successfully","start":4610.71,"end":4611.43},{"text":"treat","start":4611.43,"end":4611.99},{"text":"a","start":4611.99,"end":4612.03},{"text":"child,","start":4612.03,"end":4612.47},{"text":"the","start":4612.87,"end":4612.99},{"text":"story","start":4613.03,"end":4613.39},{"text":"is","start":4613.39,"end":4613.51},{"text":"not","start":4613.51,"end":4613.75},{"text":"over","start":4613.75,"end":4614.15},{"text":"because","start":4614.79,"end":4615.19},{"text":"treatment","start":4615.19,"end":4615.67},{"text":"alone","start":4615.67,"end":4616.23},{"text":"is","start":4616.31,"end":4616.47},{"text":"not","start":4616.47,"end":4616.67},{"text":"enough.","start":4616.67,"end":4617.03}]},{"text":"Yes, treatment saves life, but that is not enough.","start":4617.67,"end":4621.51,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"Yes,","start":4617.67,"end":4618.23},{"text":"treatment","start":4618.39,"end":4618.83},{"text":"saves","start":4618.83,"end":4619.11},{"text":"life,","start":4619.11,"end":4619.51},{"text":"but","start":4619.99,"end":4620.27},{"text":"that","start":4620.27,"end":4620.71},{"text":"is","start":4620.71,"end":4620.95},{"text":"not","start":4620.95,"end":4621.15},{"text":"enough.","start":4621.15,"end":4621.51}]},{"text":"When a surviving child is sent back home into households that still cannot afford nutritious food or would you not have access to clean drinking water or a household that cannot access basic healthcare services.","start":4622.15,"end":4639.51,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":4622.15,"end":4622.39},{"text":"a","start":4622.39,"end":4622.43},{"text":"surviving","start":4622.43,"end":4623.07},{"text":"child","start":4623.07,"end":4623.67},{"text":"is","start":4623.83,"end":4623.95},{"text":"sent","start":4623.95,"end":4624.23},{"text":"back","start":4624.23,"end":4624.55},{"text":"home","start":4624.55,"end":4624.87},{"text":"into","start":4625.35,"end":4625.67},{"text":"households","start":4625.67,"end":4626.79},{"text":"that","start":4626.87,"end":4627.11},{"text":"still","start":4627.11,"end":4627.35},{"text":"cannot","start":4627.35,"end":4627.83},{"text":"afford","start":4627.83,"end":4628.47},{"text":"nutritious","start":4628.71,"end":4629.35},{"text":"food","start":4629.35,"end":4629.83},{"text":"or","start":4630.39,"end":4630.87},{"text":"would","start":4630.87,"end":4631.07},{"text":"you","start":4631.07,"end":4631.19},{"text":"not","start":4631.19,"end":4631.43},{"text":"have","start":4631.43,"end":4631.83},{"text":"access","start":4632.15,"end":4632.63},{"text":"to","start":4632.63,"end":4632.79},{"text":"clean","start":4632.79,"end":4633.27},{"text":"drinking","start":4633.27,"end":4633.79},{"text":"water","start":4633.79,"end":4634.39},{"text":"or","start":4634.79,"end":4635.15},{"text":"a","start":4635.15,"end":4635.19},{"text":"household","start":4635.19,"end":4636.07},{"text":"that","start":4636.31,"end":4636.47},{"text":"cannot","start":4636.47,"end":4636.87},{"text":"access","start":4636.87,"end":4637.59},{"text":"basic","start":4637.83,"end":4638.31},{"text":"healthcare","start":4638.31,"end":4638.71},{"text":"services.","start":4638.71,"end":4639.51}]},{"text":"We frequently see those kind of children relapse and come back for further treatment.","start":4639.99,"end":4645.51,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4639.99,"end":4640.15},{"text":"frequently","start":4640.47,"end":4641.03},{"text":"see","start":4641.03,"end":4641.35},{"text":"those","start":4641.35,"end":4641.59},{"text":"kind","start":4641.59,"end":4641.87},{"text":"of","start":4641.87,"end":4641.99},{"text":"children","start":4641.99,"end":4642.47},{"text":"relapse","start":4642.47,"end":4643.11},{"text":"and","start":4643.35,"end":4643.51},{"text":"come","start":4643.51,"end":4643.75},{"text":"back","start":4643.75,"end":4644.15},{"text":"for","start":4644.39,"end":4644.55},{"text":"further","start":4644.55,"end":4644.91},{"text":"treatment.","start":4644.91,"end":4645.51}]},{"text":"And this is why the new evidence from UNICEF matters in the sense that it allows us to shift focus a lot more to prevention.","start":4646.27,"end":4654.87,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4646.27,"end":4646.43},{"text":"this","start":4646.43,"end":4646.63},{"text":"is","start":4646.63,"end":4646.79},{"text":"why","start":4646.79,"end":4647.19},{"text":"the","start":4647.19,"end":4647.39},{"text":"new","start":4647.39,"end":4647.59},{"text":"evidence","start":4647.59,"end":4648.11},{"text":"from","start":4648.11,"end":4648.31},{"text":"UNICEF","start":4648.31,"end":4648.83},{"text":"matters","start":4648.83,"end":4649.59},{"text":"in","start":4649.99,"end":4650.15},{"text":"the","start":4650.15,"end":4650.23},{"text":"sense","start":4650.23,"end":4650.55},{"text":"that","start":4650.55,"end":4650.79},{"text":"it","start":4650.79,"end":4650.99},{"text":"allows","start":4650.99,"end":4651.75},{"text":"us","start":4651.83,"end":4651.91},{"text":"to","start":4651.91,"end":4651.99},{"text":"shift","start":4651.99,"end":4652.39},{"text":"focus","start":4652.39,"end":4653.03},{"text":"a","start":4653.35,"end":4653.39},{"text":"lot","start":4653.39,"end":4653.67},{"text":"more","start":4653.67,"end":4653.99},{"text":"to","start":4653.99,"end":4654.23},{"text":"prevention.","start":4654.23,"end":4654.87}]},{"text":"It gives us an opportunity to identify the warning signs early enough and to act before a child reaches the point of severe malnutrition.","start":4655.75,"end":4666.07,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":4655.75,"end":4655.83},{"text":"gives","start":4655.83,"end":4656.19},{"text":"us","start":4656.19,"end":4656.27},{"text":"an","start":4656.27,"end":4656.39},{"text":"opportunity","start":4656.39,"end":4657.43},{"text":"to","start":4657.91,"end":4658.07},{"text":"identify","start":4658.07,"end":4658.71},{"text":"the","start":4658.71,"end":4658.79},{"text":"warning","start":4658.79,"end":4659.27},{"text":"signs","start":4659.27,"end":4659.67},{"text":"early","start":4659.67,"end":4659.99},{"text":"enough","start":4659.99,"end":4660.47},{"text":"and","start":4660.87,"end":4661.07},{"text":"to","start":4661.07,"end":4661.27},{"text":"act","start":4661.27,"end":4661.67},{"text":"before","start":4661.99,"end":4662.43},{"text":"a","start":4662.43,"end":4662.47},{"text":"child","start":4662.47,"end":4662.87},{"text":"reaches","start":4662.87,"end":4663.23},{"text":"the","start":4663.23,"end":4663.31},{"text":"point","start":4663.35,"end":4663.91},{"text":"of","start":4664.23,"end":4664.39},{"text":"severe","start":4664.39,"end":4665.11},{"text":"malnutrition.","start":4665.19,"end":4666.07}]},{"text":"We need to protect the nutrition of women during pregnancy as well.","start":4666.91,"end":4671.23,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4666.91,"end":4667.07},{"text":"need","start":4667.07,"end":4667.43},{"text":"to","start":4667.43,"end":4667.55},{"text":"protect","start":4667.55,"end":4668.27},{"text":"the","start":4668.43,"end":4668.55},{"text":"nutrition","start":4668.55,"end":4669.11},{"text":"of","start":4669.11,"end":4669.19},{"text":"women","start":4669.19,"end":4669.79},{"text":"during","start":4669.79,"end":4670.07},{"text":"pregnancy","start":4670.07,"end":4670.67},{"text":"as","start":4670.67,"end":4670.83},{"text":"well.","start":4670.83,"end":4671.23}]},{"text":"We need to support breastfeeding.","start":4671.87,"end":4673.75,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4671.87,"end":4671.99},{"text":"need","start":4672.03,"end":4672.23},{"text":"to","start":4672.23,"end":4672.35},{"text":"support","start":4672.35,"end":4672.99},{"text":"breastfeeding.","start":4672.99,"end":4673.75}]},{"text":"And when a baby reaches six months of age, we need to help the family to provide the diversity and nutritious food that a child needs to grow.","start":4673.75,"end":4685.15,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4673.75,"end":4673.87},{"text":"when","start":4674.51,"end":4674.87},{"text":"a","start":4674.87,"end":4674.91},{"text":"baby","start":4674.91,"end":4675.39},{"text":"reaches","start":4675.39,"end":4675.83},{"text":"six","start":4675.83,"end":4676.19},{"text":"months","start":4676.19,"end":4676.51},{"text":"of","start":4676.51,"end":4676.59},{"text":"age,","start":4676.59,"end":4677.07},{"text":"we","start":4677.39,"end":4677.55},{"text":"need","start":4677.55,"end":4677.83},{"text":"to","start":4677.83,"end":4677.95},{"text":"help","start":4677.95,"end":4678.19},{"text":"the","start":4678.19,"end":4678.35},{"text":"family","start":4678.35,"end":4678.99},{"text":"to","start":4679.31,"end":4679.47},{"text":"provide","start":4679.47,"end":4680.11},{"text":"the","start":4680.27,"end":4680.39},{"text":"diversity","start":4680.43,"end":4681.47},{"text":"and","start":4681.79,"end":4682.07},{"text":"nutritious","start":4682.07,"end":4682.67},{"text":"food","start":4682.67,"end":4683.07},{"text":"that","start":4683.39,"end":4683.75},{"text":"a","start":4683.75,"end":4683.79},{"text":"child","start":4683.79,"end":4684.03},{"text":"needs","start":4684.03,"end":4684.51},{"text":"to","start":4684.51,"end":4684.75},{"text":"grow.","start":4684.75,"end":4685.15}]},{"text":"We also need to ensure access to healthcare services, sanitation and hygiene is in place, in addition to immunization services and social protection services, because all of these needs to work hand in hand around the same vulnerable family.","start":4685.87,"end":4703.31,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4685.87,"end":4686.03},{"text":"also","start":4686.03,"end":4686.35},{"text":"need","start":4686.35,"end":4686.63},{"text":"to","start":4686.63,"end":4686.87},{"text":"ensure","start":4686.87,"end":4687.47},{"text":"access","start":4687.79,"end":4688.51},{"text":"to","start":4688.59,"end":4688.79},{"text":"healthcare","start":4688.79,"end":4689.23},{"text":"services,","start":4689.23,"end":4690.11},{"text":"sanitation","start":4690.35,"end":4691.11},{"text":"and","start":4691.11,"end":4691.27},{"text":"hygiene","start":4691.27,"end":4691.79},{"text":"is","start":4691.79,"end":4692.03},{"text":"in","start":4692.03,"end":4692.11},{"text":"place,","start":4692.11,"end":4692.67},{"text":"in","start":4692.99,"end":4693.19},{"text":"addition","start":4693.19,"end":4693.71},{"text":"to","start":4693.71,"end":4693.83},{"text":"immunization","start":4693.83,"end":4694.51},{"text":"services","start":4694.51,"end":4695.31},{"text":"and","start":4695.63,"end":4695.79},{"text":"social","start":4695.79,"end":4696.11},{"text":"protection","start":4696.11,"end":4696.59},{"text":"services,","start":4696.59,"end":4697.39},{"text":"because","start":4697.71,"end":4698.11},{"text":"all","start":4698.11,"end":4698.47},{"text":"of","start":4698.47,"end":4698.59},{"text":"these","start":4698.59,"end":4698.83},{"text":"needs","start":4698.83,"end":4699.07},{"text":"to","start":4699.07,"end":4699.27},{"text":"work","start":4699.27,"end":4699.63},{"text":"hand","start":4699.63,"end":4699.95},{"text":"in","start":4699.95,"end":4700.11},{"text":"hand","start":4700.11,"end":4700.51},{"text":"around","start":4700.67,"end":4701.19},{"text":"the","start":4701.19,"end":4701.27},{"text":"same","start":4701.27,"end":4701.79},{"text":"vulnerable","start":4702.19,"end":4702.75},{"text":"family.","start":4702.75,"end":4703.31}]},{"text":"UNICEF and our partners are working to do exactly this, including through our first food initiatives with a particular focus on children between the age of six and 23 months.","start":4704.11,"end":4719.15,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"UNICEF","start":4704.11,"end":4704.67},{"text":"and","start":4704.67,"end":4704.87},{"text":"our","start":4704.87,"end":4704.95},{"text":"partners","start":4704.95,"end":4705.79},{"text":"are","start":4706.19,"end":4706.31},{"text":"working","start":4706.31,"end":4706.91},{"text":"to","start":4706.91,"end":4707.11},{"text":"do","start":4707.15,"end":4707.31},{"text":"exactly","start":4707.31,"end":4707.87},{"text":"this,","start":4707.87,"end":4708.35},{"text":"including","start":4708.75,"end":4709.47},{"text":"through","start":4709.51,"end":4709.95},{"text":"our","start":4709.95,"end":4710.23},{"text":"first","start":4710.23,"end":4710.91},{"text":"food","start":4711.15,"end":4711.63},{"text":"initiatives","start":4711.79,"end":4712.75},{"text":"with","start":4712.99,"end":4713.23},{"text":"a","start":4713.23,"end":4713.31},{"text":"particular","start":4713.31,"end":4713.95},{"text":"focus","start":4713.95,"end":4714.59},{"text":"on","start":4714.59,"end":4714.83},{"text":"children","start":4714.83,"end":4715.55},{"text":"between","start":4715.79,"end":4716.59},{"text":"the","start":4716.59,"end":4716.71},{"text":"age","start":4716.75,"end":4716.99},{"text":"of","start":4716.99,"end":4717.07},{"text":"six","start":4717.07,"end":4717.63},{"text":"and","start":4717.87,"end":4718.11},{"text":"23","start":4718.11,"end":4718.67},{"text":"months.","start":4718.67,"end":4719.15}]},{"text":"But this is actually where we face a contradiction, a contradiction in the sense that at precisely the moment when the needs are increasing, the services available to children are being reduced due to funding cuts.","start":4719.99,"end":4735.99,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":4719.99,"end":4720.39},{"text":"this","start":4720.55,"end":4720.75},{"text":"is","start":4720.75,"end":4720.87},{"text":"actually","start":4720.87,"end":4721.35},{"text":"where","start":4721.35,"end":4721.83},{"text":"we","start":4721.83,"end":4722.07},{"text":"face","start":4722.07,"end":4722.35},{"text":"a","start":4722.35,"end":4722.39},{"text":"contradiction,","start":4722.39,"end":4723.19},{"text":"a","start":4724.23,"end":4724.27},{"text":"contradiction","start":4724.27,"end":4725.19},{"text":"in","start":4725.19,"end":4725.27},{"text":"the","start":4725.27,"end":4725.35},{"text":"sense","start":4725.35,"end":4725.71},{"text":"that","start":4725.71,"end":4726.07},{"text":"at","start":4726.07,"end":4726.31},{"text":"precisely","start":4726.31,"end":4726.95},{"text":"the","start":4726.95,"end":4727.07},{"text":"moment","start":4727.07,"end":4727.75},{"text":"when","start":4728.15,"end":4728.47},{"text":"the","start":4728.47,"end":4728.55},{"text":"needs","start":4728.55,"end":4729.19},{"text":"are","start":4729.83,"end":4729.99},{"text":"increasing,","start":4729.99,"end":4730.79},{"text":"the","start":4731.35,"end":4731.51},{"text":"services","start":4731.51,"end":4732.23},{"text":"available","start":4732.23,"end":4732.71},{"text":"to","start":4732.71,"end":4732.87},{"text":"children","start":4732.87,"end":4733.43},{"text":"are","start":4733.43,"end":4733.51},{"text":"being","start":4733.51,"end":4733.75},{"text":"reduced","start":4733.75,"end":4734.47},{"text":"due","start":4734.71,"end":4734.99},{"text":"to","start":4734.99,"end":4735.07},{"text":"funding","start":4735.07,"end":4735.51},{"text":"cuts.","start":4735.51,"end":4735.99}]},{"text":"More than 100 sites that treat children with severe wasting have closed when we compare to what we had in 2025, mainly because of resource constraint.","start":4737.03,"end":4749.07,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"More","start":4737.03,"end":4737.19},{"text":"than","start":4737.19,"end":4737.43},{"text":"100","start":4737.43,"end":4738.03},{"text":"sites","start":4738.03,"end":4738.71},{"text":"that","start":4738.79,"end":4739.11},{"text":"treat","start":4739.11,"end":4739.35},{"text":"children","start":4739.35,"end":4740.07},{"text":"with","start":4740.31,"end":4740.55},{"text":"severe","start":4740.55,"end":4740.95},{"text":"wasting","start":4740.95,"end":4741.51},{"text":"have","start":4741.51,"end":4741.67},{"text":"closed","start":4741.67,"end":4742.31},{"text":"when","start":4742.91,"end":4743.15},{"text":"we","start":4743.15,"end":4743.27},{"text":"compare","start":4743.27,"end":4743.99},{"text":"to","start":4744.07,"end":4744.19},{"text":"what","start":4744.19,"end":4744.55},{"text":"we","start":4744.55,"end":4744.71},{"text":"had","start":4744.71,"end":4745.11},{"text":"in","start":4745.19,"end":4745.35},{"text":"2025,","start":4745.35,"end":4746.47},{"text":"mainly","start":4746.87,"end":4747.31},{"text":"because","start":4747.31,"end":4747.87},{"text":"of","start":4747.87,"end":4747.99},{"text":"resource","start":4747.99,"end":4748.39},{"text":"constraint.","start":4748.39,"end":4749.07}]},{"text":"100 most centers that provide nutrition support to children and malnourished pregnant and breastfeeding women have also lost funding.","start":4749.95,"end":4760.75,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"100","start":4749.95,"end":4750.43},{"text":"most","start":4750.43,"end":4750.91},{"text":"centers","start":4750.91,"end":4751.79},{"text":"that","start":4751.95,"end":4752.11},{"text":"provide","start":4752.11,"end":4752.83},{"text":"nutrition","start":4753.07,"end":4753.59},{"text":"support","start":4753.59,"end":4754.35},{"text":"to","start":4754.67,"end":4754.83},{"text":"children","start":4754.83,"end":4755.63},{"text":"and","start":4756.03,"end":4756.19},{"text":"malnourished","start":4756.19,"end":4756.83},{"text":"pregnant","start":4756.83,"end":4757.63},{"text":"and","start":4757.71,"end":4757.91},{"text":"breastfeeding","start":4757.91,"end":4758.59},{"text":"women","start":4758.59,"end":4759.15},{"text":"have","start":4759.15,"end":4759.39},{"text":"also","start":4759.39,"end":4759.67},{"text":"lost","start":4759.67,"end":4760.19},{"text":"funding.","start":4760.19,"end":4760.75}]},{"text":"And today, the nutrition sector response in Afghanistan faces around a 57% funding shortfall.","start":4761.59,"end":4770.99,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4761.59,"end":4761.79},{"text":"today,","start":4761.79,"end":4762.43},{"text":"the","start":4762.91,"end":4763.03},{"text":"nutrition","start":4763.03,"end":4763.79},{"text":"sector","start":4763.79,"end":4764.63},{"text":"response","start":4764.63,"end":4765.15},{"text":"in","start":4765.15,"end":4765.39},{"text":"Afghanistan","start":4765.39,"end":4766.43},{"text":"faces","start":4766.75,"end":4767.39},{"text":"around","start":4767.71,"end":4769.63},{"text":"a","start":4769.79,"end":4769.83},{"text":"57%","start":4769.83,"end":4769.87},{"text":"funding","start":4769.91,"end":4770.31},{"text":"shortfall.","start":4770.31,"end":4770.99}]},{"text":"Specifically for UNICEF, the situation is even more stark.","start":4771.79,"end":4776.11,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"Specifically","start":4771.79,"end":4772.67},{"text":"for","start":4772.67,"end":4772.83},{"text":"UNICEF,","start":4772.91,"end":4773.55},{"text":"the","start":4774.27,"end":4774.39},{"text":"situation","start":4774.43,"end":4774.99},{"text":"is","start":4774.99,"end":4775.15},{"text":"even","start":4775.15,"end":4775.39},{"text":"more","start":4775.39,"end":4775.59},{"text":"stark.","start":4775.59,"end":4776.11}]},{"text":"Our nutrition program in Afghanistan that is estimated at 180 million this year is currently only 22% funded.","start":4776.87,"end":4787.91,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":4776.87,"end":4777.11},{"text":"nutrition","start":4777.11,"end":4777.59},{"text":"program","start":4777.59,"end":4778.15},{"text":"in","start":4778.15,"end":4778.31},{"text":"Afghanistan","start":4778.31,"end":4779.27},{"text":"that","start":4779.75,"end":4780.07},{"text":"is","start":4780.07,"end":4780.39},{"text":"estimated","start":4780.39,"end":4781.11},{"text":"at","start":4781.11,"end":4781.43},{"text":"180","start":4781.43,"end":4782.51},{"text":"million","start":4782.51,"end":4783.11},{"text":"this","start":4783.11,"end":4783.43},{"text":"year","start":4783.43,"end":4783.83},{"text":"is","start":4784.31,"end":4784.55},{"text":"currently","start":4784.55,"end":4785.75},{"text":"only","start":4786.07,"end":4786.71},{"text":"22%","start":4786.71,"end":4786.75},{"text":"funded.","start":4786.75,"end":4787.91}]},{"text":"And this is happening while the number of children that need our help is increasing.","start":4788.79,"end":4795.03,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4788.79,"end":4788.99},{"text":"this","start":4788.99,"end":4789.11},{"text":"is","start":4789.11,"end":4789.27},{"text":"happening","start":4789.27,"end":4789.99},{"text":"while","start":4790.23,"end":4790.63},{"text":"the","start":4790.63,"end":4790.79},{"text":"number","start":4790.79,"end":4791.27},{"text":"of","start":4791.27,"end":4791.43},{"text":"children","start":4791.43,"end":4792.23},{"text":"that","start":4792.63,"end":4792.87},{"text":"need","start":4792.87,"end":4793.11},{"text":"our","start":4793.11,"end":4793.35},{"text":"help","start":4793.35,"end":4793.83},{"text":"is","start":4794.23,"end":4794.39},{"text":"increasing.","start":4794.39,"end":4795.03}]},{"text":"So the message I want to leave with you today is very simple.","start":4795.91,"end":4798.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":4795.91,"end":4796.07},{"text":"the","start":4796.07,"end":4796.23},{"text":"message","start":4796.23,"end":4796.71},{"text":"I","start":4796.71,"end":4796.79},{"text":"want","start":4796.79,"end":4797.07},{"text":"to","start":4797.07,"end":4797.15},{"text":"leave","start":4797.15,"end":4797.39},{"text":"with","start":4797.39,"end":4797.55},{"text":"you","start":4797.59,"end":4797.67},{"text":"today","start":4797.67,"end":4797.95},{"text":"is","start":4797.95,"end":4798.15},{"text":"very","start":4798.15,"end":4798.39},{"text":"simple.","start":4798.39,"end":4798.87}]},{"text":"We can see that this crisis is coming.","start":4800.39,"end":4802.63,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4800.39,"end":4800.51},{"text":"can","start":4800.51,"end":4800.79},{"text":"see","start":4800.79,"end":4801.11},{"text":"that","start":4801.11,"end":4801.31},{"text":"this","start":4801.31,"end":4801.51},{"text":"crisis","start":4801.51,"end":4801.99},{"text":"is","start":4801.99,"end":4802.15},{"text":"coming.","start":4802.15,"end":4802.63}]},{"text":"We can see it in what our children are eating in Afghanistan.","start":4803.63,"end":4807.71,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4803.63,"end":4803.79},{"text":"can","start":4803.79,"end":4804.03},{"text":"see","start":4804.03,"end":4804.47},{"text":"it","start":4804.47,"end":4804.67},{"text":"in","start":4804.91,"end":4805.11},{"text":"what","start":4805.11,"end":4805.47},{"text":"our","start":4805.47,"end":4805.63},{"text":"children","start":4805.63,"end":4806.23},{"text":"are","start":4806.23,"end":4806.35},{"text":"eating","start":4806.35,"end":4806.71},{"text":"in","start":4806.71,"end":4806.87},{"text":"Afghanistan.","start":4806.87,"end":4807.71}]},{"text":"We can see it in the increasing number of very young children who are becoming malnourished.","start":4808.43,"end":4814.51,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4808.43,"end":4808.59},{"text":"can","start":4808.59,"end":4808.83},{"text":"see","start":4808.83,"end":4809.11},{"text":"it","start":4809.11,"end":4809.23},{"text":"in","start":4809.23,"end":4809.39},{"text":"the","start":4809.43,"end":4809.51},{"text":"increasing","start":4809.51,"end":4810.23},{"text":"number","start":4810.23,"end":4810.99},{"text":"of","start":4811.39,"end":4811.59},{"text":"very","start":4811.59,"end":4811.87},{"text":"young","start":4811.87,"end":4812.19},{"text":"children","start":4812.19,"end":4812.83},{"text":"who","start":4812.91,"end":4813.07},{"text":"are","start":4813.07,"end":4813.15},{"text":"becoming","start":4813.15,"end":4813.67},{"text":"malnourished.","start":4813.67,"end":4814.51}]},{"text":"We can see it in the overcrowded hospital wards where three to four sick children are admitted on available beds.","start":4815.23,"end":4826.27,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4815.23,"end":4815.39},{"text":"can","start":4815.39,"end":4815.63},{"text":"see","start":4815.63,"end":4815.99},{"text":"it","start":4815.99,"end":4816.19},{"text":"in","start":4816.59,"end":4816.75},{"text":"the","start":4816.75,"end":4816.87},{"text":"overcrowded","start":4816.91,"end":4817.95},{"text":"hospital","start":4817.95,"end":4818.59},{"text":"wards","start":4818.59,"end":4819.23},{"text":"where","start":4819.51,"end":4820.19},{"text":"three","start":4820.19,"end":4820.75},{"text":"to","start":4821.23,"end":4821.35},{"text":"four","start":4821.39,"end":4821.95},{"text":"sick","start":4822.03,"end":4822.43},{"text":"children","start":4822.43,"end":4823.23},{"text":"are","start":4823.71,"end":4824.07},{"text":"admitted","start":4824.07,"end":4824.83},{"text":"on","start":4824.99,"end":4825.23},{"text":"available","start":4825.23,"end":4825.71},{"text":"beds.","start":4825.71,"end":4826.27}]},{"text":"And we can also see it in the child like Sajida whom I met few days ago in Nangarhar.","start":4826.91,"end":4832.35,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4826.91,"end":4827.07},{"text":"we","start":4827.07,"end":4827.19},{"text":"can","start":4827.19,"end":4827.39},{"text":"also","start":4827.39,"end":4827.71},{"text":"see","start":4827.71,"end":4828.03},{"text":"it","start":4828.03,"end":4828.11},{"text":"in","start":4828.11,"end":4828.19},{"text":"the","start":4828.19,"end":4828.31},{"text":"child","start":4828.31,"end":4828.91},{"text":"like","start":4829.15,"end":4829.39},{"text":"Sajida","start":4829.39,"end":4830.03},{"text":"whom","start":4830.03,"end":4830.27},{"text":"I","start":4830.27,"end":4830.35},{"text":"met","start":4830.35,"end":4830.67},{"text":"few","start":4830.67,"end":4830.83},{"text":"days","start":4830.83,"end":4831.07},{"text":"ago","start":4831.07,"end":4831.55},{"text":"in","start":4831.55,"end":4831.91},{"text":"Nangarhar.","start":4831.91,"end":4832.35}]},{"text":"But seeing a crisis coming also means that we have an opportunity to prevent it from becoming much worse.","start":4833.19,"end":4840.23,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":4833.19,"end":4833.35},{"text":"seeing","start":4833.35,"end":4833.71},{"text":"a","start":4833.71,"end":4833.75},{"text":"crisis","start":4833.75,"end":4834.31},{"text":"coming","start":4834.31,"end":4834.79},{"text":"also","start":4835.27,"end":4835.67},{"text":"means","start":4835.67,"end":4835.95},{"text":"that","start":4835.95,"end":4836.07},{"text":"we","start":4836.07,"end":4836.31},{"text":"have","start":4836.31,"end":4836.59},{"text":"an","start":4836.59,"end":4836.71},{"text":"opportunity","start":4836.71,"end":4837.43},{"text":"to","start":4837.47,"end":4837.55},{"text":"prevent","start":4837.55,"end":4838.07},{"text":"it","start":4838.07,"end":4838.39},{"text":"from","start":4838.63,"end":4838.87},{"text":"becoming","start":4838.87,"end":4839.31},{"text":"much","start":4839.31,"end":4839.59},{"text":"worse.","start":4839.59,"end":4840.23}]},{"text":"We should not wait until a child is dangerously thin and lying in a hospital bed before we act.","start":4840.79,"end":4848.31,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4840.79,"end":4840.99},{"text":"should","start":4840.99,"end":4841.15},{"text":"not","start":4841.15,"end":4841.43},{"text":"wait","start":4841.43,"end":4841.99},{"text":"until","start":4842.23,"end":4842.63},{"text":"a","start":4842.63,"end":4842.67},{"text":"child","start":4842.67,"end":4843.35},{"text":"is","start":4843.67,"end":4843.83},{"text":"dangerously","start":4843.83,"end":4844.63},{"text":"thin","start":4844.63,"end":4845.19},{"text":"and","start":4845.27,"end":4845.47},{"text":"lying","start":4845.47,"end":4845.75},{"text":"in","start":4845.75,"end":4845.99},{"text":"a","start":4845.99,"end":4846.03},{"text":"hospital","start":4846.03,"end":4846.55},{"text":"bed","start":4846.55,"end":4846.95},{"text":"before","start":4847.35,"end":4847.67},{"text":"we","start":4847.67,"end":4847.83},{"text":"act.","start":4847.83,"end":4848.31}]},{"text":"For that, UNICEF and our partners, we are urgently reaching out for flexible and sustainable funding to scale up prevention, but also treatment services in the country.","start":4849.19,"end":4863.23,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":4849.19,"end":4849.35},{"text":"that,","start":4849.35,"end":4849.83},{"text":"UNICEF","start":4850.15,"end":4850.71},{"text":"and","start":4850.71,"end":4850.87},{"text":"our","start":4850.87,"end":4850.95},{"text":"partners,","start":4850.95,"end":4851.67},{"text":"we","start":4851.67,"end":4851.83},{"text":"are","start":4851.91,"end":4852.03},{"text":"urgently","start":4852.03,"end":4852.87},{"text":"reaching","start":4853.75,"end":4854.15},{"text":"out","start":4854.15,"end":4854.55},{"text":"for","start":4854.95,"end":4855.15},{"text":"flexible","start":4855.15,"end":4855.99},{"text":"and","start":4855.99,"end":4856.15},{"text":"sustainable","start":4856.15,"end":4856.79},{"text":"funding","start":4856.79,"end":4857.43},{"text":"to","start":4857.91,"end":4858.03},{"text":"scale","start":4858.03,"end":4858.51},{"text":"up","start":4858.51,"end":4858.71},{"text":"prevention,","start":4858.79,"end":4859.67},{"text":"but","start":4859.83,"end":4860.15},{"text":"also","start":4860.15,"end":4860.39},{"text":"treatment","start":4860.39,"end":4860.99},{"text":"services","start":4860.99,"end":4861.83},{"text":"in","start":4862.27,"end":4862.51},{"text":"the","start":4862.51,"end":4862.59},{"text":"country.","start":4862.59,"end":4863.23}]},{"text":"Because when it comes to malnutrition, acting early does not only save lives, it also ensure far more cost effective intervention because we are able to avert major crises that have lifelong implication.","start":4863.79,"end":4882.35,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"Because","start":4863.79,"end":4864.27},{"text":"when","start":4864.27,"end":4864.47},{"text":"it","start":4864.47,"end":4864.55},{"text":"comes","start":4864.55,"end":4864.87},{"text":"to","start":4864.87,"end":4864.99},{"text":"malnutrition,","start":4864.99,"end":4865.95},{"text":"acting","start":4866.51,"end":4867.07},{"text":"early","start":4867.07,"end":4867.63},{"text":"does","start":4868.03,"end":4868.27},{"text":"not","start":4868.27,"end":4868.51},{"text":"only","start":4868.51,"end":4868.75},{"text":"save","start":4868.75,"end":4868.99},{"text":"lives,","start":4868.99,"end":4869.63},{"text":"it","start":4870.19,"end":4870.35},{"text":"also","start":4870.35,"end":4870.75},{"text":"ensure","start":4870.75,"end":4871.23},{"text":"far","start":4871.23,"end":4871.63},{"text":"more","start":4871.63,"end":4871.95},{"text":"cost","start":4871.95,"end":4872.51},{"text":"effective","start":4872.91,"end":4873.87},{"text":"intervention","start":4874.43,"end":4875.39},{"text":"because","start":4875.87,"end":4876.59},{"text":"we","start":4876.91,"end":4877.07},{"text":"are","start":4877.07,"end":4877.15},{"text":"able","start":4877.15,"end":4877.47},{"text":"to","start":4877.47,"end":4877.67},{"text":"avert","start":4877.67,"end":4878.35},{"text":"major","start":4878.59,"end":4878.91},{"text":"crises","start":4878.91,"end":4879.71},{"text":"that","start":4879.79,"end":4880.11},{"text":"have","start":4880.11,"end":4880.51},{"text":"lifelong","start":4880.67,"end":4881.39},{"text":"implication.","start":4881.63,"end":4882.35}]},{"text":"We know what is happening.","start":4883.07,"end":4884.83,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4883.07,"end":4883.23},{"text":"know","start":4883.23,"end":4883.71},{"text":"what","start":4883.71,"end":4884.03},{"text":"is","start":4884.03,"end":4884.23},{"text":"happening.","start":4884.23,"end":4884.83}]},{"text":"We know that many children are at risk.","start":4885.39,"end":4887.71,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4885.39,"end":4885.59},{"text":"know","start":4885.59,"end":4885.95},{"text":"that","start":4885.95,"end":4886.11},{"text":"many","start":4886.11,"end":4886.51},{"text":"children","start":4886.51,"end":4886.99},{"text":"are","start":4886.99,"end":4887.11},{"text":"at","start":4887.11,"end":4887.31},{"text":"risk.","start":4887.31,"end":4887.71}]},{"text":"We also know what to do to prevent and treat malnutrition to avoid a major crisis ahead of us.","start":4888.15,"end":4896.39,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4888.15,"end":4888.35},{"text":"also","start":4888.35,"end":4888.63},{"text":"know","start":4888.63,"end":4888.87},{"text":"what","start":4888.87,"end":4889.19},{"text":"to","start":4889.19,"end":4889.27},{"text":"do","start":4889.27,"end":4889.67},{"text":"to","start":4889.75,"end":4889.95},{"text":"prevent","start":4889.95,"end":4890.63},{"text":"and","start":4891.03,"end":4891.27},{"text":"treat","start":4891.27,"end":4891.59},{"text":"malnutrition","start":4891.59,"end":4892.55},{"text":"to","start":4892.91,"end":4892.99},{"text":"avoid","start":4892.99,"end":4893.67},{"text":"a","start":4894.15,"end":4894.19},{"text":"major","start":4894.19,"end":4894.55},{"text":"crisis","start":4894.55,"end":4895.27},{"text":"ahead","start":4895.59,"end":4895.91},{"text":"of","start":4895.91,"end":4896.07},{"text":"us.","start":4896.07,"end":4896.39}]},{"text":"I am therefore reaching out to the international community to come round and support UNICEF and partners so that we can provide the required services and support to the children of Afghanistan.","start":4896.87,"end":4909.91,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4896.87,"end":4896.91},{"text":"am","start":4896.91,"end":4897.11},{"text":"therefore","start":4897.11,"end":4897.63},{"text":"reaching","start":4897.63,"end":4897.99},{"text":"out","start":4897.99,"end":4898.19},{"text":"to","start":4898.19,"end":4898.27},{"text":"the","start":4898.27,"end":4898.35},{"text":"international","start":4898.35,"end":4898.95},{"text":"community","start":4898.95,"end":4899.75},{"text":"to","start":4900.35,"end":4900.43},{"text":"come","start":4900.43,"end":4900.71},{"text":"round","start":4900.71,"end":4901.15},{"text":"and","start":4901.15,"end":4901.35},{"text":"support","start":4901.35,"end":4901.91},{"text":"UNICEF","start":4901.91,"end":4902.51},{"text":"and","start":4902.51,"end":4902.67},{"text":"partners","start":4902.67,"end":4903.35},{"text":"so","start":4903.67,"end":4903.83},{"text":"that","start":4903.83,"end":4903.99},{"text":"we","start":4903.99,"end":4904.15},{"text":"can","start":4904.15,"end":4904.47},{"text":"provide","start":4904.51,"end":4905.19},{"text":"the","start":4905.43,"end":4905.51},{"text":"required","start":4905.55,"end":4905.91},{"text":"services","start":4905.91,"end":4906.79},{"text":"and","start":4907.03,"end":4907.19},{"text":"support","start":4907.19,"end":4907.91},{"text":"to","start":4908.07,"end":4908.23},{"text":"the","start":4908.23,"end":4908.35},{"text":"children","start":4908.35,"end":4908.87},{"text":"of","start":4908.87,"end":4909.11},{"text":"Afghanistan.","start":4909.11,"end":4909.91}]},{"text":"I thank you very much for the opportunity.","start":4910.15,"end":4912.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4910.15,"end":4910.31},{"text":"thank","start":4910.31,"end":4910.55},{"text":"you","start":4910.55,"end":4910.63},{"text":"very","start":4910.63,"end":4910.87},{"text":"much","start":4910.87,"end":4911.11},{"text":"for","start":4911.11,"end":4911.31},{"text":"the","start":4911.31,"end":4911.39},{"text":"opportunity.","start":4911.39,"end":4912.07}]},{"text":"Back to you.","start":4912.31,"end":4912.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Back","start":4912.31,"end":4912.55},{"text":"to","start":4912.55,"end":4912.75},{"text":"you.","start":4912.75,"end":4912.83}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Dr. Tajuddin Oyewale","affiliation":"UNICEF","affiliation_full":"UNICEF","group":null,"function":"UNICEF Afghanistan country representative"}},{"statement_number":58,"start":4913.83,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=4914","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Doctor.","start":4913.83,"end":4915.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4913.83,"end":4914.07},{"text":"you","start":4914.07,"end":4914.15},{"text":"very","start":4914.15,"end":4914.39},{"text":"much,","start":4914.39,"end":4914.71},{"text":"Doctor.","start":4914.71,"end":4915.31}]},{"text":"I think your call has been very well heard.","start":4915.31,"end":4917.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4915.31,"end":4915.35},{"text":"think","start":4915.39,"end":4915.67},{"text":"your","start":4915.67,"end":4915.83},{"text":"call","start":4915.83,"end":4916.15},{"text":"has","start":4916.15,"end":4916.39},{"text":"been","start":4916.39,"end":4916.79},{"text":"very","start":4916.95,"end":4917.19},{"text":"well","start":4917.19,"end":4917.43},{"text":"heard.","start":4917.43,"end":4917.91}]},{"text":"I'll open the floor to questions now, if any.","start":4918.63,"end":4921.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'll","start":4918.63,"end":4918.87},{"text":"open","start":4918.87,"end":4919.11},{"text":"the","start":4919.11,"end":4919.19},{"text":"floor","start":4919.19,"end":4919.43},{"text":"to","start":4919.43,"end":4919.59},{"text":"questions","start":4919.59,"end":4920.23},{"text":"now,","start":4920.27,"end":4920.39},{"text":"if","start":4920.43,"end":4920.63},{"text":"any.","start":4920.63,"end":4921.03}]},{"text":"Agnes Pedrero, French news agency.","start":4921.03,"end":4923.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Agnes","start":4921.03,"end":4921.75},{"text":"Pedrero,","start":4921.75,"end":4922.31},{"text":"French","start":4922.31,"end":4922.63},{"text":"news","start":4922.63,"end":4922.95},{"text":"agency.","start":4922.95,"end":4923.59}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":59,"start":4924.15,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=4925","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Yes, thank you.","start":4924.15,"end":4924.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yes,","start":4924.15,"end":4924.39},{"text":"thank","start":4924.39,"end":4924.79},{"text":"you.","start":4924.79,"end":4924.95}]},{"text":"You mentioned children suffering from acute malnutrition, wasting, but do you have any figure about how many of those children are actually dying?","start":4925.83,"end":4939.35,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"You","start":4925.83,"end":4926.47},{"text":"mentioned","start":4926.47,"end":4927.51},{"text":"children","start":4927.51,"end":4927.99},{"text":"suffering","start":4927.99,"end":4928.55},{"text":"from","start":4928.79,"end":4929.19},{"text":"acute","start":4929.19,"end":4929.51},{"text":"malnutrition,","start":4929.51,"end":4930.71},{"text":"wasting,","start":4931.67,"end":4932.47},{"text":"but","start":4933.11,"end":4933.27},{"text":"do","start":4933.27,"end":4933.39},{"text":"you","start":4933.39,"end":4933.51},{"text":"have","start":4933.51,"end":4933.71},{"text":"any","start":4933.71,"end":4933.91},{"text":"figure","start":4933.91,"end":4934.35},{"text":"about","start":4934.35,"end":4934.87},{"text":"how","start":4935.59,"end":4935.75},{"text":"many","start":4935.75,"end":4936.15},{"text":"of","start":4936.71,"end":4936.95},{"text":"those","start":4936.95,"end":4937.15},{"text":"children","start":4937.15,"end":4937.67},{"text":"are","start":4937.67,"end":4938.23},{"text":"actually","start":4938.23,"end":4938.71},{"text":"dying?","start":4938.71,"end":4939.35}]},{"text":"from malnut- linked to malnutrition, if you have some figures, thank you.","start":4941.27,"end":4947.27,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"from","start":4941.27,"end":4941.55},{"text":"malnut-","start":4941.55,"end":4942.07},{"text":"linked","start":4942.31,"end":4942.83},{"text":"to","start":4942.83,"end":4942.95},{"text":"malnutrition,","start":4942.95,"end":4943.99},{"text":"if","start":4945.19,"end":4945.31},{"text":"you","start":4945.31,"end":4945.43},{"text":"have","start":4945.43,"end":4945.67},{"text":"some","start":4945.75,"end":4946.07},{"text":"figures,","start":4946.07,"end":4946.71},{"text":"thank","start":4946.95,"end":4947.19},{"text":"you.","start":4947.19,"end":4947.27}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Agnes Pedrero","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Journalist"}},{"statement_number":60,"start":4948.39,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=4949","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"No, well, it's difficult to make a direct link because debt and malnutrition is a multi-sectoral issue.","start":4948.39,"end":4957.11,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"No,","start":4948.39,"end":4948.63},{"text":"well,","start":4948.63,"end":4948.91},{"text":"it's","start":4949.35,"end":4949.59},{"text":"difficult","start":4949.59,"end":4950.19},{"text":"to","start":4950.19,"end":4950.47},{"text":"make","start":4950.55,"end":4950.87},{"text":"a","start":4950.87,"end":4950.91},{"text":"direct","start":4950.91,"end":4951.43},{"text":"link","start":4951.43,"end":4951.83},{"text":"because","start":4951.83,"end":4952.47},{"text":"debt","start":4952.79,"end":4953.35},{"text":"and","start":4953.75,"end":4953.91},{"text":"malnutrition","start":4953.91,"end":4954.71},{"text":"is","start":4954.71,"end":4954.91},{"text":"a","start":4954.91,"end":4954.95},{"text":"multi-sectoral","start":4955.03,"end":4956.55},{"text":"issue.","start":4956.63,"end":4957.11}]},{"text":"What we have is that with 3.7 million children who are wasted, amongst that, Around a million of them are in severe acute malnutrition, meaning if there is no treatment and we're not able to act fast, that one million number are at risk of dying.","start":4957.55,"end":4974.95,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"What","start":4957.55,"end":4957.87},{"text":"we","start":4957.87,"end":4957.99},{"text":"have","start":4957.99,"end":4958.31},{"text":"is","start":4958.31,"end":4958.51},{"text":"that","start":4958.51,"end":4958.63},{"text":"with","start":4958.63,"end":4958.79},{"text":"3.7","start":4958.79,"end":4959.67},{"text":"million","start":4959.67,"end":4960.15},{"text":"children","start":4960.15,"end":4960.51},{"text":"who","start":4960.51,"end":4960.63},{"text":"are","start":4960.63,"end":4960.71},{"text":"wasted,","start":4960.71,"end":4961.51},{"text":"amongst","start":4961.87,"end":4962.31},{"text":"that,","start":4962.31,"end":4962.71},{"text":"Around","start":4963.11,"end":4963.47},{"text":"a","start":4963.47,"end":4963.51},{"text":"million","start":4963.51,"end":4963.95},{"text":"of","start":4963.95,"end":4964.15},{"text":"them","start":4964.15,"end":4964.55},{"text":"are","start":4964.55,"end":4964.87},{"text":"in","start":4964.87,"end":4965.11},{"text":"severe","start":4965.11,"end":4965.55},{"text":"acute","start":4965.55,"end":4966.15},{"text":"malnutrition,","start":4966.15,"end":4966.95},{"text":"meaning","start":4966.95,"end":4967.35},{"text":"if","start":4967.35,"end":4967.51},{"text":"there","start":4967.51,"end":4967.79},{"text":"is","start":4967.79,"end":4967.91},{"text":"no","start":4967.91,"end":4968.15},{"text":"treatment","start":4968.15,"end":4968.79},{"text":"and","start":4968.79,"end":4968.95},{"text":"we're","start":4969.27,"end":4969.51},{"text":"not","start":4969.51,"end":4969.79},{"text":"able","start":4969.79,"end":4969.99},{"text":"to","start":4969.99,"end":4970.15},{"text":"act","start":4970.15,"end":4970.47},{"text":"fast,","start":4970.47,"end":4971.03},{"text":"that","start":4971.27,"end":4971.67},{"text":"one","start":4971.67,"end":4971.91},{"text":"million","start":4971.91,"end":4972.47},{"text":"number","start":4972.63,"end":4973.35},{"text":"are","start":4973.67,"end":4973.95},{"text":"at","start":4973.95,"end":4974.07},{"text":"risk","start":4974.07,"end":4974.43},{"text":"of","start":4974.43,"end":4974.55},{"text":"dying.","start":4974.55,"end":4974.95}]},{"text":"But often what we see in hospitals is that when you have Children with severe acute malnutrition and then they come down with complications, like two days ago when I was in the hospital, there were children with severe acute malnutrition with complications such as acute watery diarrhea, with complications like upper respiratory tract infection, then the situation becomes worse.","start":4975.51,"end":5000.03,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":4975.51,"end":4975.83},{"text":"often","start":4975.83,"end":4976.19},{"text":"what","start":4976.19,"end":4976.47},{"text":"we","start":4976.47,"end":4976.55},{"text":"see","start":4976.55,"end":4976.99},{"text":"in","start":4976.99,"end":4977.11},{"text":"hospitals","start":4977.11,"end":4978.07},{"text":"is","start":4978.23,"end":4978.47},{"text":"that","start":4978.47,"end":4978.59},{"text":"when","start":4978.59,"end":4978.79},{"text":"you","start":4978.79,"end":4978.91},{"text":"have","start":4978.91,"end":4979.19},{"text":"Children","start":4979.55,"end":4980.19},{"text":"with","start":4980.19,"end":4980.35},{"text":"severe","start":4980.35,"end":4980.79},{"text":"acute","start":4980.79,"end":4981.15},{"text":"malnutrition","start":4981.15,"end":4981.95},{"text":"and","start":4981.95,"end":4982.07},{"text":"then","start":4982.07,"end":4982.19},{"text":"they","start":4982.19,"end":4982.31},{"text":"come","start":4982.31,"end":4982.59},{"text":"down","start":4982.59,"end":4982.99},{"text":"with","start":4982.99,"end":4983.11},{"text":"complications,","start":4983.11,"end":4984.19},{"text":"like","start":4984.43,"end":4984.67},{"text":"two","start":4984.67,"end":4984.83},{"text":"days","start":4984.83,"end":4985.07},{"text":"ago","start":4985.07,"end":4985.27},{"text":"when","start":4985.27,"end":4985.51},{"text":"I","start":4985.51,"end":4985.55},{"text":"was","start":4985.55,"end":4985.71},{"text":"in","start":4985.71,"end":4985.83},{"text":"the","start":4985.83,"end":4985.91},{"text":"hospital,","start":4985.91,"end":4986.59},{"text":"there","start":4986.91,"end":4987.03},{"text":"were","start":4987.03,"end":4987.15},{"text":"children","start":4987.15,"end":4988.47},{"text":"with","start":4988.47,"end":4988.59},{"text":"severe","start":4988.59,"end":4988.95},{"text":"acute","start":4988.95,"end":4989.31},{"text":"malnutrition","start":4989.31,"end":4990.19},{"text":"with","start":4990.43,"end":4990.59},{"text":"complications","start":4990.59,"end":4991.51},{"text":"such","start":4991.51,"end":4991.79},{"text":"as","start":4991.79,"end":4992.03},{"text":"acute","start":4992.07,"end":4992.35},{"text":"watery","start":4992.35,"end":4992.67},{"text":"diarrhea,","start":4992.67,"end":4993.39},{"text":"with","start":4993.51,"end":4993.63},{"text":"complications","start":4993.63,"end":4994.43},{"text":"like","start":4994.43,"end":4994.75},{"text":"upper","start":4994.75,"end":4995.15},{"text":"respiratory","start":4995.63,"end":4996.23},{"text":"tract","start":4996.23,"end":4996.63},{"text":"infection,","start":4996.63,"end":4997.55},{"text":"then","start":4997.87,"end":4998.43},{"text":"the","start":4998.59,"end":4998.71},{"text":"situation","start":4998.75,"end":4999.19},{"text":"becomes","start":4999.19,"end":4999.63},{"text":"worse.","start":4999.63,"end":5000.03}]},{"text":"And that's where the sequelae that leads to death comes in.","start":5000.27,"end":5004.27,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5000.27,"end":5000.47},{"text":"that's","start":5000.47,"end":5000.75},{"text":"where","start":5000.75,"end":5001.23},{"text":"the","start":5001.31,"end":5001.43},{"text":"sequelae","start":5001.95,"end":5002.75},{"text":"that","start":5002.83,"end":5003.03},{"text":"leads","start":5003.03,"end":5003.23},{"text":"to","start":5003.23,"end":5003.39},{"text":"death","start":5003.39,"end":5003.67},{"text":"comes","start":5003.67,"end":5004.03},{"text":"in.","start":5004.03,"end":5004.27}]},{"text":"If I take a step back, also referring to what I saw two days ago, You have very malnourished mothers giving birth to low birth weight children, and those low birth weight children have very low rate of survival because they have to go through intensive neonatal care ward.","start":5004.67,"end":5022.83,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":5004.67,"end":5004.83},{"text":"I","start":5004.83,"end":5004.91},{"text":"take","start":5004.91,"end":5005.19},{"text":"a","start":5005.19,"end":5005.23},{"text":"step","start":5005.23,"end":5005.55},{"text":"back,","start":5005.55,"end":5006.03},{"text":"also","start":5006.27,"end":5006.59},{"text":"referring","start":5006.59,"end":5007.07},{"text":"to","start":5007.07,"end":5007.15},{"text":"what","start":5007.15,"end":5007.39},{"text":"I","start":5007.39,"end":5007.47},{"text":"saw","start":5007.47,"end":5007.71},{"text":"two","start":5007.71,"end":5007.95},{"text":"days","start":5007.95,"end":5008.19},{"text":"ago,","start":5008.19,"end":5008.67},{"text":"You","start":5009.07,"end":5009.23},{"text":"have","start":5009.23,"end":5009.63},{"text":"very","start":5009.87,"end":5010.23},{"text":"malnourished","start":5010.23,"end":5010.91},{"text":"mothers","start":5010.91,"end":5011.63},{"text":"giving","start":5011.99,"end":5012.27},{"text":"birth","start":5012.27,"end":5012.51},{"text":"to","start":5012.51,"end":5012.67},{"text":"low","start":5012.67,"end":5013.07},{"text":"birth","start":5013.07,"end":5013.47},{"text":"weight","start":5013.47,"end":5013.79},{"text":"children,","start":5013.79,"end":5014.59},{"text":"and","start":5014.91,"end":5015.19},{"text":"those","start":5015.19,"end":5015.39},{"text":"low","start":5015.39,"end":5015.71},{"text":"birth","start":5015.71,"end":5016.03},{"text":"weight","start":5016.03,"end":5016.27},{"text":"children","start":5016.27,"end":5016.67},{"text":"have","start":5016.67,"end":5016.95},{"text":"very","start":5016.95,"end":5017.23},{"text":"low","start":5017.23,"end":5017.55},{"text":"rate","start":5017.55,"end":5018.03},{"text":"of","start":5018.03,"end":5018.15},{"text":"survival","start":5018.15,"end":5019.07},{"text":"because","start":5019.31,"end":5019.67},{"text":"they","start":5019.67,"end":5019.75},{"text":"have","start":5019.75,"end":5019.87},{"text":"to","start":5019.87,"end":5020.03},{"text":"go","start":5020.03,"end":5020.27},{"text":"through","start":5020.31,"end":5020.75},{"text":"intensive","start":5020.75,"end":5021.55},{"text":"neonatal","start":5021.55,"end":5022.11},{"text":"care","start":5022.11,"end":5022.43},{"text":"ward.","start":5022.43,"end":5022.83}]},{"text":"And if that is not provided, then we lose those children.","start":5023.23,"end":5027.23,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5023.23,"end":5023.51},{"text":"if","start":5023.55,"end":5023.71},{"text":"that","start":5023.71,"end":5024.03},{"text":"is","start":5024.03,"end":5024.27},{"text":"not","start":5024.27,"end":5024.59},{"text":"provided,","start":5024.59,"end":5025.39},{"text":"then","start":5025.87,"end":5026.19},{"text":"we","start":5026.19,"end":5026.31},{"text":"lose","start":5026.31,"end":5026.59},{"text":"those","start":5026.59,"end":5026.83},{"text":"children.","start":5026.83,"end":5027.23}]},{"text":"So it's a mix of many things that is accountable for newborn death, but malnutrition plays a central role.","start":5027.23,"end":5034.91,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":5027.23,"end":5027.43},{"text":"it's","start":5027.43,"end":5027.67},{"text":"a","start":5027.67,"end":5027.71},{"text":"mix","start":5027.71,"end":5028.27},{"text":"of","start":5028.27,"end":5028.51},{"text":"many","start":5028.51,"end":5028.83},{"text":"things","start":5028.83,"end":5029.15},{"text":"that","start":5029.15,"end":5029.31},{"text":"is","start":5029.31,"end":5029.47},{"text":"accountable","start":5029.47,"end":5030.27},{"text":"for","start":5030.59,"end":5030.75},{"text":"newborn","start":5030.75,"end":5031.23},{"text":"death,","start":5031.23,"end":5031.63},{"text":"but","start":5032.43,"end":5032.67},{"text":"malnutrition","start":5032.67,"end":5033.51},{"text":"plays","start":5033.51,"end":5033.87},{"text":"a","start":5033.87,"end":5033.91},{"text":"central","start":5033.91,"end":5034.79},{"text":"role.","start":5034.79,"end":5034.91}]},{"text":"you know, in brewing and increasing the number of deaths in very young children.","start":5035.31,"end":5040.23,"topics":[{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."}],"words":[{"text":"you","start":5035.31,"end":5035.39},{"text":"know,","start":5035.39,"end":5035.71},{"text":"in","start":5035.79,"end":5036.03},{"text":"brewing","start":5036.11,"end":5036.67},{"text":"and","start":5036.99,"end":5037.15},{"text":"increasing","start":5037.15,"end":5037.87},{"text":"the","start":5037.95,"end":5038.03},{"text":"number","start":5038.03,"end":5038.47},{"text":"of","start":5038.47,"end":5038.59},{"text":"deaths","start":5038.59,"end":5039.15},{"text":"in","start":5039.15,"end":5039.31},{"text":"very","start":5039.31,"end":5039.55},{"text":"young","start":5039.55,"end":5039.79},{"text":"children.","start":5039.79,"end":5040.23}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Dr. Tajuddin Oyewale","affiliation":"UNICEF","affiliation_full":"UNICEF","group":null,"function":"UNICEF Afghanistan country representative"}},{"statement_number":61,"start":5043.63,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=5044","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"It's okay, Annette?","start":5043.63,"end":5044.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":5043.63,"end":5043.87},{"text":"okay,","start":5043.87,"end":5044.07},{"text":"Annette?","start":5044.07,"end":5044.23}]},{"text":"Okay, thank you.","start":5046.07,"end":5047.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Okay,","start":5046.07,"end":5046.23},{"text":"thank","start":5046.83,"end":5047.15},{"text":"you.","start":5047.19,"end":5047.27}]},{"text":"Other questions?","start":5047.87,"end":5048.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Other","start":5047.87,"end":5048.11},{"text":"questions?","start":5048.11,"end":5048.99}]},{"text":"Emma, that was a hand.","start":5048.99,"end":5049.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Emma,","start":5048.99,"end":5049.23},{"text":"that","start":5049.23,"end":5049.47},{"text":"was","start":5049.47,"end":5049.63},{"text":"a","start":5049.63,"end":5049.67},{"text":"hand.","start":5049.67,"end":5049.91}]},{"text":"Yeah.","start":5050.87,"end":5050.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yeah.","start":5050.87,"end":5050.99}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":62,"start":5051.39,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=5052","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"It was sort of a hand because it's, um, on, uh, Ebola for UNICEF, please.","start":5051.39,"end":5056.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5051.39,"end":5051.51},{"text":"was","start":5051.51,"end":5051.63},{"text":"sort","start":5051.63,"end":5051.83},{"text":"of","start":5051.83,"end":5051.95},{"text":"a","start":5051.95,"end":5051.99},{"text":"hand","start":5051.99,"end":5052.23},{"text":"because","start":5052.23,"end":5052.55},{"text":"it's,","start":5052.55,"end":5052.99},{"text":"um,","start":5052.99,"end":5053.47},{"text":"on,","start":5053.63,"end":5054.27},{"text":"uh,","start":5054.35,"end":5054.43},{"text":"Ebola","start":5054.75,"end":5055.23},{"text":"for","start":5055.23,"end":5055.47},{"text":"UNICEF,","start":5055.47,"end":5056.03},{"text":"please.","start":5056.03,"end":5056.59}]},{"text":"It's on Ebola for UNICEF, once Afghanistan.","start":5059.07,"end":5062.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":5059.07,"end":5059.31},{"text":"on","start":5059.31,"end":5059.63},{"text":"Ebola","start":5059.63,"end":5060.19},{"text":"for","start":5060.19,"end":5060.35},{"text":"UNICEF,","start":5060.35,"end":5060.99},{"text":"once","start":5060.99,"end":5061.47},{"text":"Afghanistan.","start":5061.63,"end":5062.43}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Emma Farge","affiliation":"Reuters","affiliation_full":"Reuters","group":null,"function":"Journalist"}},{"statement_number":63,"start":5063.59,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=5064","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Let's see if there's any other question on Afghanistan specifically.","start":5063.59,"end":5066.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let's","start":5063.59,"end":5063.87},{"text":"see","start":5063.87,"end":5063.95},{"text":"if","start":5063.95,"end":5064.07},{"text":"there's","start":5064.07,"end":5064.35},{"text":"any","start":5064.35,"end":5064.47},{"text":"other","start":5064.47,"end":5064.63},{"text":"question","start":5064.63,"end":5064.95},{"text":"on","start":5064.95,"end":5065.11},{"text":"Afghanistan","start":5065.11,"end":5065.75},{"text":"specifically.","start":5065.75,"end":5066.71}]},{"text":"I don't see any.","start":5067.59,"end":5069.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5067.59,"end":5067.75},{"text":"don't","start":5067.75,"end":5068.39},{"text":"see","start":5068.39,"end":5068.47},{"text":"any.","start":5068.47,"end":5069.03}]},{"text":"So you want to ask your question.","start":5070.07,"end":5071.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":5070.07,"end":5070.35},{"text":"you","start":5070.35,"end":5070.47},{"text":"want","start":5070.47,"end":5070.71},{"text":"to","start":5070.71,"end":5070.79},{"text":"ask","start":5070.83,"end":5071.03},{"text":"your","start":5071.03,"end":5071.19},{"text":"question.","start":5071.19,"end":5071.83}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":64,"start":5073.27,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=5074","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Yes, thank you.","start":5073.27,"end":5073.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yes,","start":5073.27,"end":5073.59},{"text":"thank","start":5073.59,"end":5073.83},{"text":"you.","start":5073.83,"end":5073.99}]},{"text":"I saw a release from UNICEF about, um, a trial of, uh, vaccines for Ebola.","start":5073.99,"end":5080.15,"topics":[{"key":"ebola-vaccine-trials","label":"Ebola Vaccine Trials in the DRC","description":"Speakers discussed the planned trial use of an existing Ebola vaccine during a Bundibugyo outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They emphasized the need for evidence, informed consent, transparent communication with communities, and continued reliance on core public health measures such as contact tracing and outbreak control."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5073.99,"end":5074.31},{"text":"saw","start":5074.31,"end":5074.59},{"text":"a","start":5074.59,"end":5074.63},{"text":"release","start":5074.63,"end":5075.11},{"text":"from","start":5075.11,"end":5075.31},{"text":"UNICEF","start":5075.31,"end":5075.83},{"text":"about,","start":5075.83,"end":5076.47},{"text":"um,","start":5076.55,"end":5076.95},{"text":"a","start":5076.95,"end":5077.03},{"text":"trial","start":5077.03,"end":5077.75},{"text":"of,","start":5077.75,"end":5078.31},{"text":"uh,","start":5078.71,"end":5078.79},{"text":"vaccines","start":5078.87,"end":5079.51},{"text":"for","start":5079.51,"end":5079.63},{"text":"Ebola.","start":5079.63,"end":5080.15}]},{"text":"the vaccines are for the Zaire strain, but they're being used in the context of a Bundibugyo outbreak.","start":5081.55,"end":5088.59,"topics":[{"key":"ebola-vaccine-trials","label":"Ebola Vaccine Trials in the DRC","description":"Speakers discussed the planned trial use of an existing Ebola vaccine during a Bundibugyo outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They emphasized the need for evidence, informed consent, transparent communication with communities, and continued reliance on core public health measures such as contact tracing and outbreak control."}],"words":[{"text":"the","start":5081.55,"end":5081.75},{"text":"vaccines","start":5082.35,"end":5083.07},{"text":"are","start":5083.07,"end":5083.31},{"text":"for","start":5083.31,"end":5083.47},{"text":"the","start":5083.47,"end":5083.67},{"text":"Zaire","start":5083.79,"end":5084.35},{"text":"strain,","start":5084.35,"end":5084.91},{"text":"but","start":5084.91,"end":5085.07},{"text":"they're","start":5085.07,"end":5085.35},{"text":"being","start":5085.35,"end":5085.63},{"text":"used","start":5085.63,"end":5085.95},{"text":"in","start":5085.95,"end":5086.11},{"text":"the","start":5086.11,"end":5086.23},{"text":"context","start":5086.23,"end":5086.79},{"text":"of","start":5086.79,"end":5086.91},{"text":"a","start":5086.91,"end":5086.99},{"text":"Bundibugyo","start":5086.99,"end":5087.87},{"text":"outbreak.","start":5088.03,"end":5088.59}]},{"text":"So first to clarify, do you know when the trial will actually start?","start":5089.55,"end":5092.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":5089.55,"end":5089.79},{"text":"first","start":5089.79,"end":5089.99},{"text":"to","start":5089.99,"end":5090.07},{"text":"clarify,","start":5090.07,"end":5090.51},{"text":"do","start":5090.51,"end":5090.71},{"text":"you","start":5090.71,"end":5090.83},{"text":"know","start":5090.83,"end":5091.11},{"text":"when","start":5091.11,"end":5091.43},{"text":"the","start":5091.43,"end":5091.51},{"text":"trial","start":5091.51,"end":5091.79},{"text":"will","start":5091.79,"end":5091.95},{"text":"actually","start":5091.95,"end":5092.31},{"text":"start?","start":5092.31,"end":5092.75}]},{"text":"I see that the doses have arrived in Kinshasa, but not in the east.","start":5092.75,"end":5097.47,"topics":[{"key":"ebola-vaccine-trials","label":"Ebola Vaccine Trials in the DRC","description":"Speakers discussed the planned trial use of an existing Ebola vaccine during a Bundibugyo outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They emphasized the need for evidence, informed consent, transparent communication with communities, and continued reliance on core public health measures such as contact tracing and outbreak control."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5092.75,"end":5092.91},{"text":"see","start":5092.91,"end":5093.23},{"text":"that","start":5093.23,"end":5093.55},{"text":"the","start":5093.55,"end":5093.67},{"text":"doses","start":5094.75,"end":5095.19},{"text":"have","start":5095.19,"end":5095.31},{"text":"arrived","start":5095.31,"end":5095.63},{"text":"in","start":5095.63,"end":5095.79},{"text":"Kinshasa,","start":5095.79,"end":5096.43},{"text":"but","start":5096.43,"end":5096.63},{"text":"not","start":5096.63,"end":5096.79},{"text":"in","start":5096.79,"end":5096.95},{"text":"the","start":5096.95,"end":5097.03},{"text":"east.","start":5097.03,"end":5097.47}]},{"text":"And I'd really like your thoughts on how you're handling the ethical aspect of the trials and how you're communicating to the population.","start":5098.11,"end":5106.91,"topics":[{"key":"ebola-vaccine-trials","label":"Ebola Vaccine Trials in the DRC","description":"Speakers discussed the planned trial use of an existing Ebola vaccine during a Bundibugyo outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They emphasized the need for evidence, informed consent, transparent communication with communities, and continued reliance on core public health measures such as contact tracing and outbreak control."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5098.11,"end":5098.59},{"text":"I'd","start":5098.67,"end":5098.99},{"text":"really","start":5098.99,"end":5099.19},{"text":"like","start":5099.19,"end":5099.31},{"text":"your","start":5099.31,"end":5099.47},{"text":"thoughts","start":5099.47,"end":5099.95},{"text":"on","start":5099.95,"end":5100.43},{"text":"how","start":5100.43,"end":5100.67},{"text":"you're","start":5100.67,"end":5100.83},{"text":"handling","start":5100.83,"end":5101.39},{"text":"the","start":5101.39,"end":5101.51},{"text":"ethical","start":5101.71,"end":5102.35},{"text":"aspect","start":5102.35,"end":5102.99},{"text":"of","start":5102.99,"end":5103.39},{"text":"the","start":5103.39,"end":5103.47},{"text":"trials","start":5103.47,"end":5104.27},{"text":"and","start":5104.27,"end":5104.75},{"text":"how","start":5104.75,"end":5104.91},{"text":"you're","start":5104.91,"end":5105.15},{"text":"communicating","start":5105.15,"end":5105.95},{"text":"to","start":5105.95,"end":5106.03},{"text":"the","start":5106.03,"end":5106.11},{"text":"population.","start":5106.11,"end":5106.91}]},{"text":"Two issues that I can foresee potentially, one, I guess not everyone who wants it will get it, and two, it's a Zaire vaccine, it might not work against Bundibugyo.","start":5107.55,"end":5121.51,"topics":[{"key":"ebola-vaccine-trials","label":"Ebola Vaccine Trials in the DRC","description":"Speakers discussed the planned trial use of an existing Ebola vaccine during a Bundibugyo outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They emphasized the need for evidence, informed consent, transparent communication with communities, and continued reliance on core public health measures such as contact tracing and outbreak control."}],"words":[{"text":"Two","start":5107.55,"end":5107.79},{"text":"issues","start":5107.79,"end":5108.27},{"text":"that","start":5108.27,"end":5108.51},{"text":"I","start":5109.19,"end":5109.35},{"text":"can","start":5109.35,"end":5109.67},{"text":"foresee","start":5109.67,"end":5110.15},{"text":"potentially,","start":5110.15,"end":5111.03},{"text":"one,","start":5112.23,"end":5112.71},{"text":"I","start":5112.71,"end":5112.79},{"text":"guess","start":5112.79,"end":5113.03},{"text":"not","start":5113.03,"end":5113.27},{"text":"everyone","start":5113.27,"end":5113.67},{"text":"who","start":5113.67,"end":5113.83},{"text":"wants","start":5113.83,"end":5114.15},{"text":"it","start":5114.15,"end":5114.23},{"text":"will","start":5114.23,"end":5114.39},{"text":"get","start":5114.39,"end":5114.63},{"text":"it,","start":5114.63,"end":5114.79},{"text":"and","start":5115.03,"end":5115.51},{"text":"two,","start":5115.51,"end":5116.23},{"text":"it's","start":5116.79,"end":5117.07},{"text":"a","start":5117.07,"end":5117.11},{"text":"Zaire","start":5117.11,"end":5117.55},{"text":"vaccine,","start":5117.55,"end":5118.39},{"text":"it","start":5119.19,"end":5119.35},{"text":"might","start":5119.35,"end":5119.55},{"text":"not","start":5119.55,"end":5119.75},{"text":"work","start":5119.75,"end":5120.15},{"text":"against","start":5120.15,"end":5120.55},{"text":"Bundibugyo.","start":5120.55,"end":5121.51}]},{"text":"Is there a risk that it undermines confidence in Ebola vaccines more generally in Congo?","start":5122.15,"end":5127.75,"topics":[{"key":"ebola-vaccine-trials","label":"Ebola Vaccine Trials in the DRC","description":"Speakers discussed the planned trial use of an existing Ebola vaccine during a Bundibugyo outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They emphasized the need for evidence, informed consent, transparent communication with communities, and continued reliance on core public health measures such as contact tracing and outbreak control."}],"words":[{"text":"Is","start":5122.15,"end":5122.35},{"text":"there","start":5122.35,"end":5122.71},{"text":"a","start":5122.71,"end":5122.75},{"text":"risk","start":5122.75,"end":5123.11},{"text":"that","start":5123.11,"end":5123.27},{"text":"it","start":5123.27,"end":5123.39},{"text":"undermines","start":5123.39,"end":5123.99},{"text":"confidence","start":5123.99,"end":5124.63},{"text":"in","start":5124.63,"end":5125.03},{"text":"Ebola","start":5125.03,"end":5125.51},{"text":"vaccines","start":5125.51,"end":5126.15},{"text":"more","start":5126.15,"end":5126.39},{"text":"generally","start":5126.39,"end":5127.03},{"text":"in","start":5127.03,"end":5127.27},{"text":"Congo?","start":5127.27,"end":5127.75}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":5128.47,"end":5128.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5128.47,"end":5128.71},{"text":"you.","start":5128.71,"end":5128.87}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Emma Farge","affiliation":"Reuters","affiliation_full":"Reuters","group":null,"function":"Journalist"}},{"statement_number":65,"start":5131.03,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=5132","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Yeah, thanks for that question, Emma. Look, overall, The situation is highly complex, not only in terms of what you mentioned, the vaccine rollout, but getting buy-in from the communities that this is the best way forward.","start":5131.03,"end":5148.95,"topics":[{"key":"ebola-vaccine-trials","label":"Ebola Vaccine Trials in the DRC","description":"Speakers discussed the planned trial use of an existing Ebola vaccine during a Bundibugyo outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They emphasized the need for evidence, informed consent, transparent communication with communities, and continued reliance on core public health measures such as contact tracing and outbreak control."}],"words":[{"text":"Yeah,","start":5131.03,"end":5131.27},{"text":"thanks","start":5131.27,"end":5131.91},{"text":"for","start":5131.91,"end":5132.03},{"text":"that","start":5132.03,"end":5132.19},{"text":"question,","start":5132.19,"end":5132.75},{"text":"Emma.","start":5132.75,"end":5133.35},{"text":"Look,","start":5133.75,"end":5133.99},{"text":"overall,","start":5133.99,"end":5134.71},{"text":"The","start":5135.51,"end":5135.67},{"text":"situation","start":5135.67,"end":5136.47},{"text":"is","start":5136.47,"end":5137.19},{"text":"highly","start":5137.43,"end":5137.83},{"text":"complex,","start":5137.83,"end":5138.47},{"text":"not","start":5138.47,"end":5138.63},{"text":"only","start":5138.63,"end":5138.95},{"text":"in","start":5138.95,"end":5139.11},{"text":"terms","start":5139.11,"end":5139.47},{"text":"of","start":5139.47,"end":5139.83},{"text":"what","start":5140.63,"end":5140.87},{"text":"you","start":5140.87,"end":5140.95},{"text":"mentioned,","start":5140.95,"end":5141.55},{"text":"the","start":5141.55,"end":5141.91},{"text":"vaccine","start":5141.91,"end":5142.55},{"text":"rollout,","start":5142.55,"end":5143.19},{"text":"but","start":5143.19,"end":5143.51},{"text":"getting","start":5143.67,"end":5144.31},{"text":"buy-in","start":5145.35,"end":5145.91},{"text":"from","start":5145.91,"end":5146.15},{"text":"the","start":5146.15,"end":5146.23},{"text":"communities","start":5146.23,"end":5146.87},{"text":"that","start":5146.87,"end":5147.11},{"text":"this","start":5147.11,"end":5147.43},{"text":"is","start":5147.43,"end":5147.67},{"text":"the","start":5147.67,"end":5147.83},{"text":"best","start":5147.83,"end":5148.15},{"text":"way","start":5148.15,"end":5148.39},{"text":"forward.","start":5148.39,"end":5148.95}]},{"text":"It has been a challenge, as you know, even with security issues.","start":5148.95,"end":5153.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5148.95,"end":5149.03},{"text":"has","start":5149.03,"end":5149.35},{"text":"been","start":5149.35,"end":5149.75},{"text":"a","start":5149.75,"end":5149.91},{"text":"challenge,","start":5150.23,"end":5151.03},{"text":"as","start":5151.35,"end":5151.55},{"text":"you","start":5151.55,"end":5151.63},{"text":"know,","start":5151.63,"end":5151.91},{"text":"even","start":5151.91,"end":5152.23},{"text":"with","start":5152.23,"end":5152.39},{"text":"security","start":5152.47,"end":5153.23},{"text":"issues.","start":5153.23,"end":5153.83}]},{"text":"So it's a very sensitive environment for us.","start":5154.23,"end":5158.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":5154.23,"end":5154.47},{"text":"it's","start":5154.47,"end":5154.91},{"text":"a","start":5154.91,"end":5154.95},{"text":"very","start":5154.95,"end":5155.59},{"text":"sensitive","start":5155.83,"end":5156.71},{"text":"environment","start":5157.11,"end":5157.75},{"text":"for","start":5157.75,"end":5157.91},{"text":"us.","start":5157.91,"end":5158.31}]},{"text":"But, you know, this clinical trial is expected to provide evidence which is essential for all stakeholders, including policy makers, of course, to inform the future use of the Ervebo vaccine.","start":5158.31,"end":5175.35,"topics":[{"key":"ebola-vaccine-trials","label":"Ebola Vaccine Trials in the DRC","description":"Speakers discussed the planned trial use of an existing Ebola vaccine during a Bundibugyo outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They emphasized the need for evidence, informed consent, transparent communication with communities, and continued reliance on core public health measures such as contact tracing and outbreak control."}],"words":[{"text":"But,","start":5158.31,"end":5158.79},{"text":"you","start":5159.03,"end":5159.15},{"text":"know,","start":5159.15,"end":5159.35},{"text":"this","start":5159.35,"end":5159.79},{"text":"clinical","start":5160.63,"end":5161.11},{"text":"trial","start":5161.11,"end":5161.75},{"text":"is","start":5161.75,"end":5161.95},{"text":"expected","start":5161.95,"end":5162.59},{"text":"to","start":5162.59,"end":5162.71},{"text":"provide","start":5162.71,"end":5163.43},{"text":"evidence","start":5163.43,"end":5164.23},{"text":"which","start":5164.23,"end":5164.47},{"text":"is","start":5164.47,"end":5164.63},{"text":"essential","start":5164.63,"end":5165.43},{"text":"for","start":5165.43,"end":5165.91},{"text":"all","start":5166.31,"end":5166.47},{"text":"stakeholders,","start":5166.47,"end":5167.19},{"text":"including","start":5167.19,"end":5167.91},{"text":"policy","start":5167.91,"end":5168.31},{"text":"makers,","start":5168.31,"end":5168.67},{"text":"of","start":5168.67,"end":5168.79},{"text":"course,","start":5168.79,"end":5169.19},{"text":"to","start":5170.07,"end":5170.35},{"text":"inform","start":5170.35,"end":5171.11},{"text":"the","start":5171.51,"end":5171.67},{"text":"future","start":5172.07,"end":5172.47},{"text":"use","start":5172.47,"end":5172.83},{"text":"of","start":5172.83,"end":5172.95},{"text":"the","start":5172.95,"end":5173.11},{"text":"Ervebo","start":5173.35,"end":5173.99},{"text":"vaccine.","start":5174.31,"end":5175.35}]},{"text":"The International Coordinating Group on Vaccine Provision, the ICG, has approved the allocation, as you mentioned.","start":5175.75,"end":5182.71,"topics":[{"key":"ebola-vaccine-trials","label":"Ebola Vaccine Trials in the DRC","description":"Speakers discussed the planned trial use of an existing Ebola vaccine during a Bundibugyo outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They emphasized the need for evidence, informed consent, transparent communication with communities, and continued reliance on core public health measures such as contact tracing and outbreak control."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5175.75,"end":5175.87},{"text":"International","start":5175.87,"end":5176.43},{"text":"Coordinating","start":5176.43,"end":5176.95},{"text":"Group","start":5176.95,"end":5177.43},{"text":"on","start":5177.51,"end":5177.83},{"text":"Vaccine","start":5177.83,"end":5178.23},{"text":"Provision,","start":5178.23,"end":5178.87},{"text":"the","start":5178.87,"end":5178.99},{"text":"ICG,","start":5178.99,"end":5179.75},{"text":"has","start":5180.23,"end":5180.55},{"text":"approved","start":5180.55,"end":5181.03},{"text":"the","start":5181.19,"end":5181.31},{"text":"allocation,","start":5181.31,"end":5181.91},{"text":"as","start":5181.91,"end":5182.03},{"text":"you","start":5182.03,"end":5182.11},{"text":"mentioned.","start":5182.11,"end":5182.71}]},{"text":"for a phase three trial and for use in healthcare and frontline workers in line with the strategic advisory group on experts on immunization, the SAGE, and their recommendations.","start":5183.11,"end":5195.63,"topics":[{"key":"ebola-vaccine-trials","label":"Ebola Vaccine Trials in the DRC","description":"Speakers discussed the planned trial use of an existing Ebola vaccine during a Bundibugyo outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They emphasized the need for evidence, informed consent, transparent communication with communities, and continued reliance on core public health measures such as contact tracing and outbreak control."}],"words":[{"text":"for","start":5183.11,"end":5183.39},{"text":"a","start":5183.39,"end":5183.43},{"text":"phase","start":5183.43,"end":5183.75},{"text":"three","start":5183.79,"end":5183.99},{"text":"trial","start":5183.99,"end":5184.63},{"text":"and","start":5184.63,"end":5185.23},{"text":"for","start":5185.23,"end":5185.43},{"text":"use","start":5185.43,"end":5186.07},{"text":"in","start":5186.15,"end":5186.47},{"text":"healthcare","start":5186.79,"end":5187.39},{"text":"and","start":5187.39,"end":5187.51},{"text":"frontline","start":5187.51,"end":5187.99},{"text":"workers","start":5187.99,"end":5188.55},{"text":"in","start":5188.55,"end":5188.71},{"text":"line","start":5188.71,"end":5189.03},{"text":"with","start":5189.03,"end":5189.19},{"text":"the","start":5189.19,"end":5189.27},{"text":"strategic","start":5189.27,"end":5189.99},{"text":"advisory","start":5189.99,"end":5190.55},{"text":"group","start":5190.55,"end":5190.87},{"text":"on","start":5190.87,"end":5191.11},{"text":"experts","start":5191.11,"end":5191.75},{"text":"on","start":5191.75,"end":5191.91},{"text":"immunization,","start":5191.91,"end":5192.79},{"text":"the","start":5192.79,"end":5192.91},{"text":"SAGE,","start":5192.91,"end":5193.51},{"text":"and","start":5194.23,"end":5194.43},{"text":"their","start":5194.43,"end":5194.87},{"text":"recommendations.","start":5194.87,"end":5195.63}]},{"text":"So this is all being done pretty much by the book.","start":5195.63,"end":5198.95,"topics":[{"key":"ebola-vaccine-trials","label":"Ebola Vaccine Trials in the DRC","description":"Speakers discussed the planned trial use of an existing Ebola vaccine during a Bundibugyo outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They emphasized the need for evidence, informed consent, transparent communication with communities, and continued reliance on core public health measures such as contact tracing and outbreak control."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":5195.63,"end":5195.83},{"text":"this","start":5195.83,"end":5195.99},{"text":"is","start":5195.99,"end":5196.31},{"text":"all","start":5196.31,"end":5196.55},{"text":"being","start":5196.55,"end":5196.79},{"text":"done","start":5196.79,"end":5197.19},{"text":"pretty","start":5197.27,"end":5197.55},{"text":"much","start":5197.55,"end":5197.91},{"text":"by","start":5198.31,"end":5198.55},{"text":"the","start":5198.55,"end":5198.63},{"text":"book.","start":5198.63,"end":5198.95}]},{"text":"But your question on the interaction with these frontline workers and health workers who might be getting the vaccine or even for future civilians who might be aiming to get vaccinated if they choose to do so.","start":5198.95,"end":5215.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":5198.95,"end":5199.19},{"text":"your","start":5199.19,"end":5199.39},{"text":"question","start":5199.39,"end":5199.99},{"text":"on","start":5199.99,"end":5200.39},{"text":"the","start":5201.19,"end":5201.31},{"text":"interaction","start":5201.31,"end":5202.23},{"text":"with","start":5202.23,"end":5202.51},{"text":"these","start":5202.51,"end":5202.71},{"text":"frontline","start":5202.71,"end":5203.23},{"text":"workers","start":5203.23,"end":5203.87},{"text":"and","start":5203.87,"end":5204.15},{"text":"health","start":5204.15,"end":5204.47},{"text":"workers","start":5204.47,"end":5204.87},{"text":"who","start":5204.87,"end":5205.03},{"text":"might","start":5205.03,"end":5205.31},{"text":"be","start":5205.31,"end":5205.43},{"text":"getting","start":5205.43,"end":5205.75},{"text":"the","start":5205.75,"end":5205.87},{"text":"vaccine","start":5205.87,"end":5206.55},{"text":"or","start":5206.95,"end":5207.11},{"text":"even","start":5207.11,"end":5207.43},{"text":"for","start":5207.43,"end":5207.59},{"text":"future","start":5207.59,"end":5208.31},{"text":"civilians","start":5209.39,"end":5209.99},{"text":"who","start":5209.99,"end":5210.11},{"text":"might","start":5210.11,"end":5210.35},{"text":"be","start":5210.35,"end":5210.67},{"text":"aiming","start":5211.23,"end":5211.63},{"text":"to","start":5211.63,"end":5212.07},{"text":"get","start":5212.07,"end":5212.27},{"text":"vaccinated","start":5212.27,"end":5212.99},{"text":"if","start":5212.99,"end":5213.11},{"text":"they","start":5213.11,"end":5213.55},{"text":"choose","start":5213.55,"end":5214.11},{"text":"to","start":5214.43,"end":5214.55},{"text":"do","start":5214.59,"end":5214.83},{"text":"so.","start":5215.15,"end":5215.43}]},{"text":"It's key that those who are offered the vaccine in the trial and otherwise receive all the information on the risks, the potential benefits, and the limitations related to the use of the vaccine, and then they're able to provide an informed consent or not.","start":5215.43,"end":5234.67,"topics":[{"key":"ebola-vaccine-trials","label":"Ebola Vaccine Trials in the DRC","description":"Speakers discussed the planned trial use of an existing Ebola vaccine during a Bundibugyo outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They emphasized the need for evidence, informed consent, transparent communication with communities, and continued reliance on core public health measures such as contact tracing and outbreak control."}],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":5215.43,"end":5215.71},{"text":"key","start":5215.71,"end":5215.95},{"text":"that","start":5215.95,"end":5216.75},{"text":"those","start":5217.07,"end":5217.39},{"text":"who","start":5217.39,"end":5217.47},{"text":"are","start":5217.47,"end":5217.63},{"text":"offered","start":5217.63,"end":5218.03},{"text":"the","start":5218.03,"end":5218.11},{"text":"vaccine","start":5218.11,"end":5218.75},{"text":"in","start":5219.55,"end":5219.79},{"text":"the","start":5219.79,"end":5219.87},{"text":"trial","start":5219.87,"end":5220.43},{"text":"and","start":5220.43,"end":5220.63},{"text":"otherwise","start":5220.67,"end":5221.31},{"text":"receive","start":5221.31,"end":5222.03},{"text":"all","start":5222.11,"end":5222.35},{"text":"the","start":5222.35,"end":5222.43},{"text":"information","start":5222.43,"end":5223.23},{"text":"on","start":5223.23,"end":5223.31},{"text":"the","start":5223.39,"end":5223.51},{"text":"risks,","start":5223.51,"end":5224.03},{"text":"the","start":5224.03,"end":5224.11},{"text":"potential","start":5224.11,"end":5224.63},{"text":"benefits,","start":5224.63,"end":5225.39},{"text":"and","start":5225.79,"end":5226.03},{"text":"the","start":5226.03,"end":5226.11},{"text":"limitations","start":5226.11,"end":5226.91},{"text":"related","start":5226.91,"end":5227.55},{"text":"to","start":5228.03,"end":5228.19},{"text":"the","start":5228.19,"end":5228.35},{"text":"use","start":5228.35,"end":5228.59},{"text":"of","start":5228.59,"end":5228.75},{"text":"the","start":5228.75,"end":5229.15},{"text":"vaccine,","start":5229.15,"end":5230.03},{"text":"and","start":5230.27,"end":5230.51},{"text":"then","start":5230.51,"end":5230.75},{"text":"they're","start":5230.75,"end":5231.03},{"text":"able","start":5231.03,"end":5231.31},{"text":"to","start":5231.31,"end":5231.47},{"text":"provide","start":5231.47,"end":5232.11},{"text":"an","start":5232.11,"end":5232.27},{"text":"informed","start":5232.27,"end":5232.75},{"text":"consent","start":5232.91,"end":5233.63},{"text":"or","start":5233.63,"end":5234.11},{"text":"not.","start":5234.11,"end":5234.67}]},{"text":"So that's very much how we are approaching this.","start":5234.99,"end":5237.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":5234.99,"end":5235.23},{"text":"that's","start":5235.23,"end":5235.55},{"text":"very","start":5236.15,"end":5236.43},{"text":"much","start":5236.43,"end":5236.67},{"text":"how","start":5236.67,"end":5236.83},{"text":"we","start":5236.83,"end":5236.95},{"text":"are","start":5236.95,"end":5237.03},{"text":"approaching","start":5237.03,"end":5237.55},{"text":"this.","start":5237.55,"end":5237.95}]},{"text":"with full transparency and because they will have to give that informed consent before moving forward, we take the opportunity also to educate the community on how to protect themselves from the virus, from the Ebola virus and not only the risks and benefits that might come with the vaccine.","start":5238.75,"end":5264.51,"topics":[{"key":"ebola-vaccine-trials","label":"Ebola Vaccine Trials in the DRC","description":"Speakers discussed the planned trial use of an existing Ebola vaccine during a Bundibugyo outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They emphasized the need for evidence, informed consent, transparent communication with communities, and continued reliance on core public health measures such as contact tracing and outbreak control."}],"words":[{"text":"with","start":5238.75,"end":5238.99},{"text":"full","start":5238.99,"end":5239.23},{"text":"transparency","start":5239.23,"end":5240.19},{"text":"and","start":5240.19,"end":5240.83},{"text":"because","start":5242.27,"end":5242.75},{"text":"they","start":5242.91,"end":5243.31},{"text":"will","start":5244.35,"end":5244.67},{"text":"have","start":5244.67,"end":5244.91},{"text":"to","start":5244.91,"end":5244.99},{"text":"give","start":5244.99,"end":5245.15},{"text":"that","start":5245.15,"end":5245.35},{"text":"informed","start":5245.35,"end":5245.79},{"text":"consent","start":5245.79,"end":5246.23},{"text":"before","start":5246.23,"end":5246.59},{"text":"moving","start":5246.59,"end":5247.07},{"text":"forward,","start":5247.07,"end":5247.55},{"text":"we","start":5248.27,"end":5248.51},{"text":"take","start":5248.51,"end":5248.71},{"text":"the","start":5248.71,"end":5248.79},{"text":"opportunity","start":5248.79,"end":5249.55},{"text":"also","start":5249.55,"end":5249.95},{"text":"to","start":5249.95,"end":5250.43},{"text":"educate","start":5252.35,"end":5252.91},{"text":"the","start":5252.91,"end":5252.99},{"text":"community","start":5252.99,"end":5253.71},{"text":"on","start":5254.03,"end":5254.27},{"text":"how","start":5254.27,"end":5254.43},{"text":"to","start":5254.43,"end":5254.59},{"text":"protect","start":5254.59,"end":5254.95},{"text":"themselves","start":5254.95,"end":5255.51},{"text":"from","start":5255.51,"end":5255.75},{"text":"the","start":5255.75,"end":5255.87},{"text":"virus,","start":5255.87,"end":5256.59},{"text":"from","start":5257.15,"end":5257.43},{"text":"the","start":5257.43,"end":5257.51},{"text":"Ebola","start":5257.51,"end":5257.87},{"text":"virus","start":5257.87,"end":5258.51},{"text":"and","start":5259.15,"end":5259.67},{"text":"not","start":5259.67,"end":5259.87},{"text":"only","start":5259.87,"end":5260.35},{"text":"the","start":5261.07,"end":5261.23},{"text":"risks","start":5261.23,"end":5261.59},{"text":"and","start":5261.59,"end":5261.75},{"text":"benefits","start":5261.75,"end":5262.19},{"text":"that","start":5262.19,"end":5262.35},{"text":"might","start":5262.35,"end":5262.67},{"text":"come","start":5262.67,"end":5263.07},{"text":"with","start":5263.55,"end":5263.83},{"text":"the","start":5263.83,"end":5263.91},{"text":"vaccine.","start":5263.91,"end":5264.51}]},{"text":"So in terms of when the trials will exactly start, I don't have an answer for you.","start":5264.51,"end":5270.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":5264.51,"end":5264.83},{"text":"in","start":5265.23,"end":5265.43},{"text":"terms","start":5265.43,"end":5265.67},{"text":"of","start":5265.67,"end":5265.87},{"text":"when","start":5266.19,"end":5266.59},{"text":"the","start":5266.67,"end":5266.87},{"text":"trials","start":5266.87,"end":5267.23},{"text":"will","start":5267.23,"end":5267.55},{"text":"exactly","start":5267.55,"end":5268.27},{"text":"start,","start":5268.27,"end":5268.83},{"text":"I","start":5268.83,"end":5269.15},{"text":"don't","start":5269.15,"end":5269.47},{"text":"have","start":5269.95,"end":5270.15},{"text":"an","start":5270.15,"end":5270.27},{"text":"answer","start":5270.27,"end":5270.59},{"text":"for","start":5270.59,"end":5270.75},{"text":"you.","start":5270.75,"end":5270.91}]},{"text":"Maybe WHO would be able to give more details on all of this.","start":5270.91,"end":5275.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Maybe","start":5270.91,"end":5271.39},{"text":"WHO","start":5271.39,"end":5271.47},{"text":"would","start":5271.47,"end":5272.51},{"text":"be","start":5272.51,"end":5272.67},{"text":"able","start":5272.67,"end":5272.91},{"text":"to","start":5272.91,"end":5273.07},{"text":"give","start":5273.07,"end":5273.31},{"text":"more","start":5273.31,"end":5273.71},{"text":"details","start":5274.11,"end":5274.75},{"text":"on","start":5274.75,"end":5274.99},{"text":"all","start":5274.99,"end":5275.19},{"text":"of","start":5275.19,"end":5275.31},{"text":"this.","start":5275.31,"end":5275.71}]},{"text":"But as far as the interaction with health workers and frontline workers, we are very much informing them of the risks, of the potential benefits, and yes, that it might not work at all, and then they can make their informed decision and consent.","start":5275.71,"end":5292.35,"topics":[{"key":"ebola-vaccine-trials","label":"Ebola Vaccine Trials in the DRC","description":"Speakers discussed the planned trial use of an existing Ebola vaccine during a Bundibugyo outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They emphasized the need for evidence, informed consent, transparent communication with communities, and continued reliance on core public health measures such as contact tracing and outbreak control."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":5275.71,"end":5275.95},{"text":"as","start":5275.95,"end":5276.03},{"text":"far","start":5276.03,"end":5276.31},{"text":"as","start":5276.31,"end":5276.51},{"text":"the","start":5276.51,"end":5276.67},{"text":"interaction","start":5277.31,"end":5278.11},{"text":"with","start":5278.11,"end":5278.59},{"text":"health","start":5278.99,"end":5279.23},{"text":"workers","start":5279.23,"end":5279.71},{"text":"and","start":5279.71,"end":5279.83},{"text":"frontline","start":5279.83,"end":5280.27},{"text":"workers,","start":5280.27,"end":5280.99},{"text":"we","start":5281.15,"end":5281.35},{"text":"are","start":5281.35,"end":5281.47},{"text":"very","start":5281.47,"end":5281.71},{"text":"much","start":5281.71,"end":5282.19},{"text":"informing","start":5282.51,"end":5283.07},{"text":"them","start":5283.07,"end":5283.47},{"text":"of","start":5283.47,"end":5283.63},{"text":"the","start":5283.95,"end":5284.11},{"text":"risks,","start":5284.11,"end":5284.59},{"text":"of","start":5284.59,"end":5284.67},{"text":"the","start":5284.67,"end":5284.79},{"text":"potential","start":5284.79,"end":5285.23},{"text":"benefits,","start":5285.23,"end":5285.71},{"text":"and","start":5285.71,"end":5285.99},{"text":"yes,","start":5286.11,"end":5286.51},{"text":"that","start":5286.51,"end":5286.67},{"text":"it","start":5286.67,"end":5286.75},{"text":"might","start":5286.75,"end":5287.07},{"text":"not","start":5287.07,"end":5287.23},{"text":"work","start":5287.23,"end":5287.63},{"text":"at","start":5288.19,"end":5288.35},{"text":"all,","start":5288.35,"end":5288.67},{"text":"and","start":5288.67,"end":5288.79},{"text":"then","start":5288.79,"end":5288.99},{"text":"they","start":5288.99,"end":5289.15},{"text":"can","start":5289.15,"end":5289.27},{"text":"make","start":5289.27,"end":5289.47},{"text":"their","start":5289.47,"end":5289.63},{"text":"informed","start":5289.63,"end":5290.15},{"text":"decision","start":5290.83,"end":5291.47},{"text":"and","start":5291.63,"end":5291.87},{"text":"consent.","start":5291.87,"end":5292.35}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Ricardo","affiliation":"UNICEF","affiliation_full":"UNICEF","group":null,"function":null}},{"statement_number":66,"start":5293.51,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=5294","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Ricardo.","start":5293.51,"end":5294.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5293.51,"end":5293.83},{"text":"you,","start":5293.83,"end":5293.99},{"text":"Ricardo.","start":5293.99,"end":5294.47}]},{"text":"I know Tarik was online.","start":5294.47,"end":5296.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5294.47,"end":5294.55},{"text":"know","start":5294.55,"end":5294.67},{"text":"Tarik","start":5295.03,"end":5295.43},{"text":"was","start":5295.43,"end":5295.63},{"text":"online.","start":5295.63,"end":5296.15}]},{"text":"I was looking if he's still there.","start":5296.15,"end":5297.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5296.15,"end":5296.23},{"text":"was","start":5296.23,"end":5296.47},{"text":"looking","start":5296.47,"end":5296.75},{"text":"if","start":5296.75,"end":5296.83},{"text":"he's","start":5296.83,"end":5297.07},{"text":"still","start":5297.07,"end":5297.23},{"text":"there.","start":5297.23,"end":5297.43}]},{"text":"I don't know if he wants to add anything.","start":5297.51,"end":5299.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5297.51,"end":5297.59},{"text":"don't","start":5297.59,"end":5297.87},{"text":"know","start":5297.87,"end":5297.95},{"text":"if","start":5297.95,"end":5298.03},{"text":"he","start":5298.03,"end":5298.11},{"text":"wants","start":5298.11,"end":5298.39},{"text":"to","start":5298.39,"end":5298.55},{"text":"add","start":5298.63,"end":5298.87},{"text":"anything.","start":5299.03,"end":5299.75}]},{"text":"Tarik, I see you've put your camera on.","start":5301.27,"end":5302.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Tarik,","start":5301.27,"end":5301.67},{"text":"I","start":5301.67,"end":5301.71},{"text":"see","start":5301.71,"end":5301.87},{"text":"you've","start":5301.87,"end":5302.19},{"text":"put","start":5302.19,"end":5302.35},{"text":"your","start":5302.35,"end":5302.47},{"text":"camera","start":5302.47,"end":5302.75},{"text":"on.","start":5302.75,"end":5302.83}]},{"text":"I don't know if you have any news on that.","start":5302.83,"end":5304.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5302.83,"end":5302.87},{"text":"don't","start":5302.87,"end":5303.15},{"text":"know","start":5303.15,"end":5303.23},{"text":"if","start":5303.23,"end":5303.31},{"text":"you","start":5303.31,"end":5303.39},{"text":"have","start":5303.39,"end":5303.51},{"text":"any","start":5303.51,"end":5303.91},{"text":"news","start":5303.91,"end":5304.39},{"text":"on","start":5304.39,"end":5304.63},{"text":"that.","start":5304.63,"end":5304.87}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":67,"start":5315.99,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=5316","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Hello.","start":5315.99,"end":5316.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Hello.","start":5315.99,"end":5316.31}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Tarik","affiliation":"WHO","affiliation_full":"WHO","group":null,"function":null}},{"statement_number":68,"start":5317.43,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=5318","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"You're on.","start":5317.43,"end":5317.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You're","start":5317.43,"end":5317.67},{"text":"on.","start":5317.67,"end":5317.75}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":69,"start":5317.75,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=5318","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Hello, can you hear me now?","start":5317.75,"end":5318.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Hello,","start":5317.75,"end":5317.91},{"text":"can","start":5317.91,"end":5318.03},{"text":"you","start":5318.03,"end":5318.11},{"text":"hear","start":5318.11,"end":5318.23},{"text":"me","start":5318.23,"end":5318.35},{"text":"now?","start":5318.35,"end":5318.47}]},{"text":"Yes, so I think Ricardo covered really the basics on that.","start":5320.07,"end":5326.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yes,","start":5320.07,"end":5320.35},{"text":"so","start":5320.35,"end":5320.47},{"text":"I","start":5320.47,"end":5320.55},{"text":"think","start":5321.87,"end":5322.23},{"text":"Ricardo","start":5323.75,"end":5324.23},{"text":"covered","start":5324.23,"end":5324.71},{"text":"really","start":5324.71,"end":5325.11},{"text":"the","start":5325.19,"end":5325.43},{"text":"basics","start":5325.43,"end":5325.91},{"text":"on","start":5325.91,"end":5326.07},{"text":"that.","start":5326.07,"end":5326.31}]},{"text":"So the government of DRC has requested, has requested a release of Ebola vaccines.","start":5326.31,"end":5334.51,"topics":[{"key":"ebola-vaccine-trials","label":"Ebola Vaccine Trials in the DRC","description":"Speakers discussed the planned trial use of an existing Ebola vaccine during a Bundibugyo outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They emphasized the need for evidence, informed consent, transparent communication with communities, and continued reliance on core public health measures such as contact tracing and outbreak control."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":5326.31,"end":5326.63},{"text":"the","start":5326.91,"end":5327.11},{"text":"government","start":5327.43,"end":5328.07},{"text":"of","start":5328.35,"end":5328.47},{"text":"DRC","start":5328.47,"end":5329.27},{"text":"has","start":5329.27,"end":5329.75},{"text":"requested,","start":5330.27,"end":5331.23},{"text":"has","start":5331.47,"end":5331.71},{"text":"requested","start":5331.71,"end":5332.43},{"text":"a","start":5332.75,"end":5332.79},{"text":"release","start":5332.79,"end":5333.23},{"text":"of","start":5333.35,"end":5333.55},{"text":"Ebola","start":5333.55,"end":5333.83},{"text":"vaccines.","start":5333.83,"end":5334.51}]},{"text":"So these are, this is the only licensed vaccines for years, virus causing Ebola disease.","start":5334.51,"end":5341.87,"topics":[{"key":"ebola-vaccine-trials","label":"Ebola Vaccine Trials in the DRC","description":"Speakers discussed the planned trial use of an existing Ebola vaccine during a Bundibugyo outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They emphasized the need for evidence, informed consent, transparent communication with communities, and continued reliance on core public health measures such as contact tracing and outbreak control."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":5334.51,"end":5334.83},{"text":"these","start":5334.87,"end":5335.15},{"text":"are,","start":5335.15,"end":5335.39},{"text":"this","start":5335.71,"end":5335.87},{"text":"is","start":5335.87,"end":5335.99},{"text":"the","start":5335.99,"end":5336.07},{"text":"only","start":5336.11,"end":5336.43},{"text":"licensed","start":5336.43,"end":5336.83},{"text":"vaccines","start":5336.83,"end":5337.31},{"text":"for","start":5337.31,"end":5337.63},{"text":"years,","start":5337.71,"end":5338.19},{"text":"virus","start":5339.07,"end":5339.79},{"text":"causing","start":5339.79,"end":5340.23},{"text":"Ebola","start":5340.23,"end":5341.23},{"text":"disease.","start":5341.23,"end":5341.87}]},{"text":"There were some doses in the country, but there was a, ICG decided to release 70,000 doses, 20,000 doses would go, would go for this phase, free trial that should, as Ricardo already said, should inform us really if there is a protection that a rRNA vaccine is offering for Bundibugyo virus.","start":5342.19,"end":5369.15,"topics":[{"key":"ebola-vaccine-trials","label":"Ebola Vaccine Trials in the DRC","description":"Speakers discussed the planned trial use of an existing Ebola vaccine during a Bundibugyo outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They emphasized the need for evidence, informed consent, transparent communication with communities, and continued reliance on core public health measures such as contact tracing and outbreak control."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":5342.19,"end":5342.55},{"text":"were","start":5342.55,"end":5342.67},{"text":"some","start":5342.67,"end":5343.15},{"text":"doses","start":5343.15,"end":5343.63},{"text":"in","start":5343.63,"end":5343.83},{"text":"the","start":5343.83,"end":5343.95},{"text":"country,","start":5343.95,"end":5344.43},{"text":"but","start":5344.43,"end":5344.59},{"text":"there","start":5344.59,"end":5344.91},{"text":"was","start":5345.15,"end":5345.39},{"text":"a,","start":5345.95,"end":5345.99},{"text":"ICG","start":5345.99,"end":5346.47},{"text":"decided","start":5346.47,"end":5346.95},{"text":"to","start":5346.95,"end":5347.15},{"text":"release","start":5347.15,"end":5347.67},{"text":"70,000","start":5347.67,"end":5348.79},{"text":"doses,","start":5349.07,"end":5349.71},{"text":"20,000","start":5349.79,"end":5350.55},{"text":"doses","start":5350.55,"end":5350.99},{"text":"would","start":5350.99,"end":5351.31},{"text":"go,","start":5352.35,"end":5352.83},{"text":"would","start":5353.95,"end":5354.11},{"text":"go","start":5354.11,"end":5354.35},{"text":"for","start":5354.35,"end":5354.67},{"text":"this","start":5354.71,"end":5354.99},{"text":"phase,","start":5354.99,"end":5355.47},{"text":"free","start":5356.59,"end":5356.99},{"text":"trial","start":5356.99,"end":5357.71},{"text":"that","start":5357.71,"end":5357.95},{"text":"should,","start":5357.95,"end":5358.35},{"text":"as","start":5358.35,"end":5358.75},{"text":"Ricardo","start":5358.75,"end":5359.11},{"text":"already","start":5359.11,"end":5359.39},{"text":"said,","start":5359.39,"end":5359.63},{"text":"should","start":5359.63,"end":5359.83},{"text":"inform","start":5359.83,"end":5360.27},{"text":"us","start":5360.27,"end":5360.43},{"text":"really","start":5360.43,"end":5360.99},{"text":"if","start":5360.99,"end":5361.15},{"text":"there","start":5361.15,"end":5361.39},{"text":"is","start":5361.39,"end":5361.55},{"text":"a","start":5361.55,"end":5361.59},{"text":"protection","start":5361.59,"end":5362.43},{"text":"that","start":5362.75,"end":5363.27},{"text":"a","start":5363.27,"end":5363.31},{"text":"rRNA","start":5363.71,"end":5364.11},{"text":"vaccine","start":5364.11,"end":5364.75},{"text":"is","start":5364.75,"end":5365.15},{"text":"offering","start":5365.15,"end":5365.71},{"text":"for","start":5367.15,"end":5367.51},{"text":"Bundibugyo","start":5367.55,"end":5368.35},{"text":"virus.","start":5368.51,"end":5369.15}]},{"text":"Now, you remember there was a technical advisory group that recommended that we go into this trial based on the animal studies that have been done.","start":5369.39,"end":5378.39,"topics":[{"key":"ebola-vaccine-trials","label":"Ebola Vaccine Trials in the DRC","description":"Speakers discussed the planned trial use of an existing Ebola vaccine during a Bundibugyo outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They emphasized the need for evidence, informed consent, transparent communication with communities, and continued reliance on core public health measures such as contact tracing and outbreak control."}],"words":[{"text":"Now,","start":5369.39,"end":5369.71},{"text":"you","start":5369.87,"end":5370.11},{"text":"remember","start":5370.51,"end":5371.31},{"text":"there","start":5371.31,"end":5371.63},{"text":"was","start":5371.63,"end":5371.79},{"text":"a","start":5371.79,"end":5371.87},{"text":"technical","start":5371.87,"end":5372.27},{"text":"advisory","start":5372.27,"end":5372.75},{"text":"group","start":5372.75,"end":5372.99},{"text":"that","start":5372.99,"end":5373.31},{"text":"recommended","start":5373.31,"end":5374.11},{"text":"that","start":5374.11,"end":5374.27},{"text":"we","start":5374.27,"end":5374.43},{"text":"go","start":5374.43,"end":5374.55},{"text":"into","start":5374.55,"end":5374.79},{"text":"this","start":5374.79,"end":5374.99},{"text":"trial","start":5374.99,"end":5375.47},{"text":"based","start":5375.63,"end":5376.19},{"text":"on","start":5376.19,"end":5376.27},{"text":"the","start":5376.27,"end":5376.43},{"text":"animal","start":5376.43,"end":5376.79},{"text":"studies","start":5376.79,"end":5377.15},{"text":"that","start":5377.15,"end":5377.47},{"text":"have","start":5377.75,"end":5377.91},{"text":"been","start":5377.91,"end":5378.15},{"text":"done.","start":5378.15,"end":5378.39}]},{"text":"In any case, so it's not known whether the vaccine is effective, but it is important to answer the question that the people who are offered vaccine in the trial and otherwise receive all the necessary information on the risks, potential benefits and limitations related to the vaccine in an outbreak of Bundibugyo virus.","start":5378.79,"end":5401.67,"topics":[{"key":"ebola-vaccine-trials","label":"Ebola Vaccine Trials in the DRC","description":"Speakers discussed the planned trial use of an existing Ebola vaccine during a Bundibugyo outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They emphasized the need for evidence, informed consent, transparent communication with communities, and continued reliance on core public health measures such as contact tracing and outbreak control."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5378.79,"end":5379.03},{"text":"any","start":5379.03,"end":5379.19},{"text":"case,","start":5379.19,"end":5379.67},{"text":"so","start":5380.31,"end":5380.63},{"text":"it's","start":5380.63,"end":5380.87},{"text":"not","start":5380.87,"end":5381.11},{"text":"known","start":5381.11,"end":5381.39},{"text":"whether","start":5381.39,"end":5381.95},{"text":"the","start":5381.95,"end":5382.07},{"text":"vaccine","start":5382.07,"end":5382.59},{"text":"is","start":5382.63,"end":5382.95},{"text":"effective,","start":5382.99,"end":5383.59},{"text":"but","start":5384.15,"end":5384.31},{"text":"it","start":5384.31,"end":5384.39},{"text":"is","start":5384.39,"end":5384.63},{"text":"important","start":5384.63,"end":5385.43},{"text":"to","start":5385.51,"end":5385.75},{"text":"answer","start":5385.75,"end":5386.07},{"text":"the","start":5386.07,"end":5386.47},{"text":"question","start":5386.47,"end":5387.11},{"text":"that","start":5387.35,"end":5387.47},{"text":"the","start":5387.47,"end":5387.55},{"text":"people","start":5387.59,"end":5387.91},{"text":"who","start":5387.91,"end":5387.99},{"text":"are","start":5387.99,"end":5388.15},{"text":"offered","start":5388.15,"end":5388.79},{"text":"vaccine","start":5389.19,"end":5389.99},{"text":"in","start":5390.63,"end":5390.71},{"text":"the","start":5390.71,"end":5390.83},{"text":"trial","start":5390.83,"end":5391.27},{"text":"and","start":5391.27,"end":5391.39},{"text":"otherwise","start":5391.39,"end":5391.91},{"text":"receive","start":5391.91,"end":5392.39},{"text":"all","start":5392.39,"end":5392.63},{"text":"the","start":5392.63,"end":5392.75},{"text":"necessary","start":5392.75,"end":5393.27},{"text":"information","start":5393.27,"end":5393.87},{"text":"on","start":5393.87,"end":5393.95},{"text":"the","start":5393.95,"end":5394.03},{"text":"risks,","start":5394.03,"end":5394.55},{"text":"potential","start":5394.71,"end":5395.43},{"text":"benefits","start":5395.91,"end":5396.47},{"text":"and","start":5396.47,"end":5396.67},{"text":"limitations","start":5396.67,"end":5397.35},{"text":"related","start":5397.35,"end":5397.91},{"text":"to","start":5398.31,"end":5398.55},{"text":"the","start":5398.55,"end":5398.63},{"text":"vaccine","start":5398.63,"end":5399.03},{"text":"in","start":5399.03,"end":5399.35},{"text":"an","start":5399.35,"end":5399.43},{"text":"outbreak","start":5399.43,"end":5399.99},{"text":"of","start":5399.99,"end":5400.23},{"text":"Bundibugyo","start":5400.23,"end":5400.95},{"text":"virus.","start":5401.11,"end":5401.67}]},{"text":"And obviously we work with government and other partners on the protocols for that.","start":5401.83,"end":5407.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5401.83,"end":5402.23},{"text":"obviously","start":5402.23,"end":5402.63},{"text":"we","start":5402.63,"end":5402.79},{"text":"work","start":5402.79,"end":5403.03},{"text":"with","start":5403.03,"end":5403.15},{"text":"government","start":5403.15,"end":5403.67},{"text":"and","start":5403.67,"end":5403.87},{"text":"other","start":5403.87,"end":5404.07},{"text":"partners","start":5404.07,"end":5404.71},{"text":"on","start":5404.87,"end":5405.27},{"text":"the","start":5405.27,"end":5405.43},{"text":"protocols","start":5405.95,"end":5406.75},{"text":"for","start":5406.75,"end":5406.87},{"text":"that.","start":5406.87,"end":5407.11}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Tarik","affiliation":"WHO","affiliation_full":"WHO","group":null,"function":null}},{"statement_number":70,"start":5408.71,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=5409","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":5408.71,"end":5409.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5408.71,"end":5408.99},{"text":"you","start":5408.99,"end":5409.07},{"text":"very","start":5409.07,"end":5409.27},{"text":"much.","start":5409.27,"end":5409.91}]},{"text":"I don't see other hands up at this point.","start":5410.23,"end":5413.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5410.23,"end":5410.39},{"text":"don't","start":5410.75,"end":5411.59},{"text":"see","start":5411.59,"end":5411.67},{"text":"other","start":5411.99,"end":5412.23},{"text":"hands","start":5412.23,"end":5412.71},{"text":"up","start":5412.71,"end":5412.87},{"text":"at","start":5412.87,"end":5412.95},{"text":"this","start":5412.95,"end":5413.19},{"text":"point.","start":5413.19,"end":5413.75}]},{"text":"So thank you very much.","start":5414.07,"end":5414.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":5414.07,"end":5414.31},{"text":"thank","start":5414.31,"end":5414.51},{"text":"you","start":5414.51,"end":5414.59},{"text":"very","start":5414.59,"end":5414.75},{"text":"much.","start":5414.75,"end":5414.87}]},{"text":"I'd like to thank Dr. Sorry, you have a follow up.","start":5414.87,"end":5418.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'd","start":5414.87,"end":5415.07},{"text":"like","start":5415.07,"end":5415.19},{"text":"to","start":5415.19,"end":5415.27},{"text":"thank","start":5415.35,"end":5415.63},{"text":"Dr.","start":5415.63,"end":5416.23},{"text":"Sorry,","start":5416.95,"end":5417.35},{"text":"you","start":5417.75,"end":5417.91},{"text":"have","start":5417.91,"end":5418.07},{"text":"a","start":5418.07,"end":5418.11},{"text":"follow","start":5418.11,"end":5418.35},{"text":"up.","start":5418.35,"end":5418.55}]},{"text":"Okay, go ahead.","start":5418.71,"end":5419.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Okay,","start":5418.71,"end":5419.03},{"text":"go","start":5419.11,"end":5419.23},{"text":"ahead.","start":5419.23,"end":5419.51}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":71,"start":5419.99,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=5420","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Yes, a follow up to Tariq.","start":5419.99,"end":5422.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yes,","start":5419.99,"end":5420.39},{"text":"a","start":5420.71,"end":5420.75},{"text":"follow","start":5420.75,"end":5420.99},{"text":"up","start":5420.99,"end":5421.19},{"text":"to","start":5421.35,"end":5421.51},{"text":"Tariq.","start":5421.83,"end":5422.35}]},{"text":"Hi, Tariq.","start":5422.35,"end":5422.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Hi,","start":5422.35,"end":5422.47},{"text":"Tariq.","start":5422.47,"end":5422.87}]},{"text":"On this trial with Ervebo, do you have an indication on when it could start and if the approval has been given by the authorities?","start":5423.43,"end":5435.67,"topics":[{"key":"ebola-vaccine-trials","label":"Ebola Vaccine Trials in the DRC","description":"Speakers discussed the planned trial use of an existing Ebola vaccine during a Bundibugyo outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They emphasized the need for evidence, informed consent, transparent communication with communities, and continued reliance on core public health measures such as contact tracing and outbreak control."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":5423.43,"end":5423.67},{"text":"this","start":5423.67,"end":5424.23},{"text":"trial","start":5424.55,"end":5425.35},{"text":"with","start":5425.59,"end":5425.83},{"text":"Ervebo,","start":5426.07,"end":5426.63},{"text":"do","start":5427.03,"end":5427.27},{"text":"you","start":5427.27,"end":5427.43},{"text":"have","start":5427.43,"end":5427.83},{"text":"an","start":5428.11,"end":5428.23},{"text":"indication","start":5428.23,"end":5428.95},{"text":"on","start":5428.95,"end":5429.23},{"text":"when","start":5429.23,"end":5429.59},{"text":"it","start":5429.59,"end":5429.75},{"text":"could","start":5429.75,"end":5429.91},{"text":"start","start":5429.91,"end":5430.35},{"text":"and","start":5430.35,"end":5430.55},{"text":"if","start":5430.55,"end":5431.03},{"text":"the","start":5431.03,"end":5431.23},{"text":"approval","start":5431.23,"end":5432.31},{"text":"has","start":5432.47,"end":5432.63},{"text":"been","start":5432.63,"end":5433.03},{"text":"given","start":5433.59,"end":5433.91},{"text":"by","start":5433.91,"end":5434.47},{"text":"the","start":5434.47,"end":5434.59},{"text":"authorities?","start":5434.59,"end":5435.67}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":5435.83,"end":5436.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5435.83,"end":5436.11},{"text":"you.","start":5436.11,"end":5436.19}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Agnes Pedrero","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Journalist"}},{"statement_number":72,"start":5438.35,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=5439","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Hello, I cannot really tell you when it will start.","start":5438.35,"end":5441.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Hello,","start":5438.35,"end":5438.63},{"text":"I","start":5438.79,"end":5438.95},{"text":"cannot","start":5438.95,"end":5439.27},{"text":"really","start":5439.27,"end":5439.51},{"text":"tell","start":5439.51,"end":5439.75},{"text":"you","start":5439.75,"end":5439.83},{"text":"when","start":5439.83,"end":5440.23},{"text":"it","start":5440.23,"end":5440.47},{"text":"will","start":5440.47,"end":5441.19},{"text":"start.","start":5441.19,"end":5441.59}]},{"text":"So Ricardo already mentioned that we had a meeting of, had a special session of SAGE to look further into recommendations, how existing doses of ProbiVIR will be used.","start":5441.59,"end":5456.51,"topics":[{"key":"ebola-vaccine-trials","label":"Ebola Vaccine Trials in the DRC","description":"Speakers discussed the planned trial use of an existing Ebola vaccine during a Bundibugyo outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They emphasized the need for evidence, informed consent, transparent communication with communities, and continued reliance on core public health measures such as contact tracing and outbreak control."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":5441.59,"end":5441.91},{"text":"Ricardo","start":5442.23,"end":5442.67},{"text":"already","start":5442.67,"end":5443.03},{"text":"mentioned","start":5443.03,"end":5443.51},{"text":"that","start":5443.51,"end":5443.91},{"text":"we","start":5444.23,"end":5444.47},{"text":"had","start":5444.47,"end":5444.79},{"text":"a","start":5444.79,"end":5444.83},{"text":"meeting","start":5444.83,"end":5445.51},{"text":"of,","start":5445.51,"end":5445.91},{"text":"had","start":5446.31,"end":5446.51},{"text":"a","start":5446.51,"end":5446.55},{"text":"special","start":5446.55,"end":5446.87},{"text":"session","start":5446.87,"end":5447.23},{"text":"of","start":5447.23,"end":5447.31},{"text":"SAGE","start":5447.31,"end":5447.95},{"text":"to","start":5447.95,"end":5448.03},{"text":"look","start":5448.31,"end":5448.63},{"text":"further","start":5448.63,"end":5449.35},{"text":"into","start":5449.35,"end":5450.19},{"text":"recommendations,","start":5450.19,"end":5451.27},{"text":"how","start":5451.59,"end":5452.15},{"text":"existing","start":5453.67,"end":5454.31},{"text":"doses","start":5454.31,"end":5454.95},{"text":"of","start":5455.11,"end":5455.19},{"text":"ProbiVIR","start":5455.19,"end":5455.67},{"text":"will","start":5455.67,"end":5455.91},{"text":"be","start":5455.91,"end":5456.15},{"text":"used.","start":5456.15,"end":5456.51}]},{"text":"So we are waiting also for that, those recommendations to be released.","start":5456.51,"end":5462.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":5456.51,"end":5456.63},{"text":"we","start":5456.63,"end":5456.79},{"text":"are","start":5456.79,"end":5456.87},{"text":"waiting","start":5456.87,"end":5457.35},{"text":"also","start":5457.35,"end":5457.75},{"text":"for","start":5457.75,"end":5457.99},{"text":"that,","start":5457.99,"end":5458.55},{"text":"those","start":5459.03,"end":5459.39},{"text":"recommendations","start":5459.39,"end":5460.15},{"text":"to","start":5460.95,"end":5461.15},{"text":"be","start":5461.19,"end":5461.51},{"text":"released.","start":5461.67,"end":5462.63}]},{"text":"and then working with the government to see how this will be rolled out.","start":5463.03,"end":5469.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"and","start":5463.03,"end":5463.47},{"text":"then","start":5463.47,"end":5464.07},{"text":"working","start":5464.07,"end":5464.39},{"text":"with","start":5464.39,"end":5464.71},{"text":"the","start":5464.71,"end":5464.79},{"text":"government","start":5464.79,"end":5465.59},{"text":"to","start":5465.91,"end":5466.11},{"text":"see","start":5466.11,"end":5466.39},{"text":"how","start":5466.39,"end":5467.27},{"text":"this","start":5467.27,"end":5467.51},{"text":"will","start":5467.51,"end":5467.75},{"text":"be","start":5468.31,"end":5468.55},{"text":"rolled","start":5468.55,"end":5469.03},{"text":"out.","start":5469.51,"end":5469.91}]},{"text":"But again, it is really important to know that, and we keep repeating this, so there is a vaccine, there are two other candidate vaccines that are in initial phases of a clinical trial, but what we really need to understand is that at this stage, we need to focus on the traditional public health measures.","start":5470.23,"end":5490.39,"topics":[{"key":"ebola-vaccine-trials","label":"Ebola Vaccine Trials in the DRC","description":"Speakers discussed the planned trial use of an existing Ebola vaccine during a Bundibugyo outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They emphasized the need for evidence, informed consent, transparent communication with communities, and continued reliance on core public health measures such as contact tracing and outbreak control."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":5470.23,"end":5470.43},{"text":"again,","start":5470.43,"end":5470.71},{"text":"it","start":5470.71,"end":5470.87},{"text":"is","start":5470.95,"end":5471.15},{"text":"really","start":5471.15,"end":5471.39},{"text":"important","start":5471.39,"end":5472.07},{"text":"to","start":5472.55,"end":5473.15},{"text":"know","start":5473.15,"end":5473.43},{"text":"that,","start":5473.43,"end":5473.83},{"text":"and","start":5474.55,"end":5474.75},{"text":"we","start":5474.87,"end":5475.03},{"text":"keep","start":5475.03,"end":5475.19},{"text":"repeating","start":5475.19,"end":5475.59},{"text":"this,","start":5475.59,"end":5475.79},{"text":"so","start":5475.79,"end":5475.91},{"text":"there","start":5475.91,"end":5476.59},{"text":"is","start":5476.59,"end":5476.67},{"text":"a","start":5476.71,"end":5476.79},{"text":"vaccine,","start":5476.79,"end":5477.15},{"text":"there","start":5477.15,"end":5477.35},{"text":"are","start":5477.35,"end":5477.43},{"text":"two","start":5477.43,"end":5477.67},{"text":"other","start":5477.67,"end":5477.91},{"text":"candidate","start":5477.91,"end":5478.31},{"text":"vaccines","start":5478.31,"end":5478.79},{"text":"that","start":5478.79,"end":5479.11},{"text":"are","start":5479.11,"end":5479.43},{"text":"in","start":5479.91,"end":5480.07},{"text":"initial","start":5480.15,"end":5480.55},{"text":"phases","start":5480.55,"end":5480.95},{"text":"of","start":5481.07,"end":5481.19},{"text":"a","start":5481.19,"end":5481.35},{"text":"clinical","start":5481.91,"end":5482.39},{"text":"trial,","start":5482.39,"end":5482.87},{"text":"but","start":5483.11,"end":5483.59},{"text":"what","start":5483.63,"end":5483.91},{"text":"we","start":5484.47,"end":5484.87},{"text":"really","start":5484.87,"end":5485.11},{"text":"need","start":5485.11,"end":5485.23},{"text":"to","start":5485.23,"end":5485.31},{"text":"understand","start":5485.31,"end":5485.75},{"text":"is","start":5485.75,"end":5485.87},{"text":"that","start":5485.87,"end":5485.99},{"text":"at","start":5485.99,"end":5486.15},{"text":"this","start":5486.15,"end":5486.39},{"text":"stage,","start":5486.39,"end":5486.63},{"text":"we","start":5486.63,"end":5486.71},{"text":"need","start":5486.71,"end":5486.83},{"text":"to","start":5486.83,"end":5486.91},{"text":"focus","start":5486.95,"end":5487.43},{"text":"on","start":5487.43,"end":5487.67},{"text":"the","start":5488.47,"end":5488.63},{"text":"traditional","start":5488.63,"end":5489.19},{"text":"public","start":5489.19,"end":5489.47},{"text":"health","start":5489.47,"end":5489.75},{"text":"measures.","start":5489.75,"end":5490.39}]},{"text":"trying to find where the virus is, who has been in contact with infected people and how to make sure that transmission chains are being broken.","start":5490.91,"end":5498.51,"topics":[{"key":"ebola-vaccine-trials","label":"Ebola Vaccine Trials in the DRC","description":"Speakers discussed the planned trial use of an existing Ebola vaccine during a Bundibugyo outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They emphasized the need for evidence, informed consent, transparent communication with communities, and continued reliance on core public health measures such as contact tracing and outbreak control."}],"words":[{"text":"trying","start":5490.91,"end":5491.31},{"text":"to","start":5491.31,"end":5491.43},{"text":"find","start":5491.47,"end":5491.75},{"text":"where","start":5491.75,"end":5491.95},{"text":"the","start":5491.95,"end":5492.03},{"text":"virus","start":5492.03,"end":5492.51},{"text":"is,","start":5492.51,"end":5492.91},{"text":"who","start":5493.39,"end":5493.71},{"text":"has","start":5493.71,"end":5493.95},{"text":"been","start":5493.95,"end":5494.19},{"text":"in","start":5494.19,"end":5494.27},{"text":"contact","start":5494.27,"end":5494.71},{"text":"with","start":5494.71,"end":5494.87},{"text":"infected","start":5494.87,"end":5495.31},{"text":"people","start":5495.31,"end":5495.63},{"text":"and","start":5495.63,"end":5495.75},{"text":"how","start":5495.75,"end":5495.87},{"text":"to","start":5495.87,"end":5495.95},{"text":"make","start":5495.95,"end":5496.15},{"text":"sure","start":5496.15,"end":5496.35},{"text":"that","start":5496.35,"end":5496.67},{"text":"transmission","start":5497.07,"end":5497.55},{"text":"chains","start":5497.55,"end":5497.87},{"text":"are","start":5497.87,"end":5497.95},{"text":"being","start":5497.95,"end":5498.15},{"text":"broken.","start":5498.15,"end":5498.51}]},{"text":"But again, we will, as soon as we get those recommendations from the sage, we will inform you as well as on the next steps.","start":5498.83,"end":5507.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":5498.83,"end":5499.23},{"text":"again,","start":5499.23,"end":5499.79},{"text":"we","start":5499.95,"end":5500.23},{"text":"will,","start":5500.23,"end":5500.51},{"text":"as","start":5500.51,"end":5500.71},{"text":"soon","start":5500.71,"end":5500.91},{"text":"as","start":5500.91,"end":5501.03},{"text":"we","start":5501.03,"end":5501.23},{"text":"get","start":5501.23,"end":5501.55},{"text":"those","start":5501.55,"end":5502.03},{"text":"recommendations","start":5502.03,"end":5502.91},{"text":"from","start":5502.91,"end":5503.31},{"text":"the","start":5503.31,"end":5503.47},{"text":"sage,","start":5504.35,"end":5504.75},{"text":"we","start":5504.75,"end":5504.83},{"text":"will","start":5504.91,"end":5505.71},{"text":"inform","start":5505.71,"end":5506.19},{"text":"you","start":5506.19,"end":5506.31},{"text":"as","start":5506.67,"end":5506.83},{"text":"well","start":5506.83,"end":5507.07},{"text":"as","start":5507.07,"end":5507.23},{"text":"on","start":5507.23,"end":5507.31},{"text":"the","start":5507.31,"end":5507.39},{"text":"next","start":5507.39,"end":5507.59},{"text":"steps.","start":5507.59,"end":5507.95}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Tarik","affiliation":"WHO","affiliation_full":"WHO","group":null,"function":null}},{"statement_number":73,"start":5510.03,"pageUrl":"/es/briefing/geneva/2026-08-25?lang=en&t=5511","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":5510.03,"end":5510.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5510.03,"end":5510.27},{"text":"you","start":5510.27,"end":5510.35},{"text":"very","start":5510.35,"end":5510.55},{"text":"much.","start":5510.55,"end":5510.91}]},{"text":"Okay, so thank you very much to everyone.","start":5511.63,"end":5514.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Okay,","start":5511.63,"end":5512.19},{"text":"so","start":5512.27,"end":5512.67},{"text":"thank","start":5512.67,"end":5512.91},{"text":"you","start":5512.91,"end":5512.99},{"text":"very","start":5512.99,"end":5513.23},{"text":"much","start":5513.23,"end":5513.47},{"text":"to","start":5513.47,"end":5513.71},{"text":"everyone.","start":5513.71,"end":5514.19}]},{"text":"I'd like to specifically thank Dr. Tajdean Oyavale and as he said, calling in from Kabul, and Ricardo for this update.","start":5514.19,"end":5525.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'd","start":5514.19,"end":5514.43},{"text":"like","start":5514.43,"end":5514.59},{"text":"to","start":5514.59,"end":5514.67},{"text":"specifically","start":5514.67,"end":5515.47},{"text":"thank","start":5515.47,"end":5515.87},{"text":"Dr.","start":5516.03,"end":5516.51},{"text":"Tajdean","start":5516.51,"end":5517.23},{"text":"Oyavale","start":5517.31,"end":5518.11},{"text":"and","start":5518.11,"end":5518.63},{"text":"as","start":5518.63,"end":5519.31},{"text":"he","start":5519.31,"end":5519.55},{"text":"said,","start":5519.55,"end":5520.03},{"text":"calling","start":5521.19,"end":5521.63},{"text":"in","start":5521.67,"end":5521.83},{"text":"from","start":5521.83,"end":5522.07},{"text":"Kabul,","start":5522.07,"end":5522.63},{"text":"and","start":5523.31,"end":5523.59},{"text":"Ricardo","start":5523.59,"end":5524.23},{"text":"for","start":5524.31,"end":5525.11},{"text":"this","start":5525.11,"end":5525.35},{"text":"update.","start":5525.35,"end":5525.91}]},{"text":"Thanks, Tariq, for chiming in on the Ebola issue.","start":5526.15,"end":5530.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thanks,","start":5526.15,"end":5526.51},{"text":"Tariq,","start":5526.51,"end":5526.95},{"text":"for","start":5526.95,"end":5527.35},{"text":"chiming","start":5527.35,"end":5527.75},{"text":"in","start":5527.75,"end":5527.99},{"text":"on","start":5527.99,"end":5528.39},{"text":"the","start":5528.39,"end":5528.51},{"text":"Ebola","start":5529.55,"end":5529.91},{"text":"issue.","start":5529.91,"end":5530.55}]},{"text":"I only have two little announcements for you, one for on the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which will end its 35th session next Thursday at 3:00 PM.","start":5530.87,"end":5541.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5530.87,"end":5531.03},{"text":"only","start":5531.03,"end":5531.23},{"text":"have","start":5531.27,"end":5531.43},{"text":"two","start":5531.43,"end":5531.71},{"text":"little","start":5531.75,"end":5532.07},{"text":"announcements","start":5532.07,"end":5532.71},{"text":"for","start":5532.71,"end":5532.87},{"text":"you,","start":5532.87,"end":5533.07},{"text":"one","start":5533.07,"end":5533.51},{"text":"for","start":5533.51,"end":5534.15},{"text":"on","start":5534.15,"end":5534.39},{"text":"the","start":5534.39,"end":5534.59},{"text":"Committee","start":5534.59,"end":5535.03},{"text":"on","start":5535.03,"end":5535.19},{"text":"the","start":5535.19,"end":5535.27},{"text":"Rights","start":5535.27,"end":5535.55},{"text":"of","start":5535.55,"end":5535.67},{"text":"Persons","start":5535.67,"end":5536.15},{"text":"with","start":5536.15,"end":5536.31},{"text":"Disabilities,","start":5536.31,"end":5537.11},{"text":"which","start":5537.63,"end":5538.07},{"text":"will","start":5538.07,"end":5538.39},{"text":"end","start":5538.47,"end":5538.75},{"text":"its","start":5538.75,"end":5538.95},{"text":"35th","start":5538.95,"end":5539.59},{"text":"session","start":5539.59,"end":5540.11},{"text":"next","start":5540.11,"end":5540.43},{"text":"Thursday","start":5540.43,"end":5540.79},{"text":"at","start":5540.79,"end":5541.11},{"text":"3:00","start":5541.11,"end":5541.15},{"text":"PM.","start":5541.15,"end":5541.59}]},{"text":"During this meeting, the Committee will present its concluding observations of reports submitted by Chile, Lithuania, Qatar, Slovakia and Sri Lanka, which will be published later on the webpage of the Committee.","start":5542.47,"end":5555.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"During","start":5542.47,"end":5542.83},{"text":"this","start":5542.83,"end":5543.03},{"text":"meeting,","start":5543.03,"end":5543.35},{"text":"the","start":5543.35,"end":5543.47},{"text":"Committee","start":5543.47,"end":5543.91},{"text":"will","start":5543.91,"end":5544.07},{"text":"present","start":5544.07,"end":5544.51},{"text":"its","start":5544.51,"end":5544.63},{"text":"concluding","start":5544.63,"end":5545.11},{"text":"observations","start":5545.15,"end":5545.79},{"text":"of","start":5545.79,"end":5545.87},{"text":"reports","start":5545.87,"end":5546.27},{"text":"submitted","start":5546.27,"end":5546.71},{"text":"by","start":5546.71,"end":5546.95},{"text":"Chile,","start":5546.95,"end":5547.59},{"text":"Lithuania,","start":5547.99,"end":5548.79},{"text":"Qatar,","start":5548.79,"end":5549.43},{"text":"Slovakia","start":5549.67,"end":5550.39},{"text":"and","start":5550.39,"end":5550.51},{"text":"Sri","start":5550.51,"end":5550.79},{"text":"Lanka,","start":5550.79,"end":5551.27},{"text":"which","start":5551.55,"end":5551.83},{"text":"will","start":5551.83,"end":5551.99},{"text":"be","start":5551.99,"end":5552.15},{"text":"published","start":5552.15,"end":5552.55},{"text":"later","start":5552.59,"end":5552.87},{"text":"on","start":5552.87,"end":5553.19},{"text":"the","start":5553.91,"end":5553.99},{"text":"webpage","start":5553.99,"end":5554.47},{"text":"of","start":5554.47,"end":5554.55},{"text":"the","start":5554.55,"end":5554.67},{"text":"Committee.","start":5554.67,"end":5555.19}]},{"text":"The Committee will devote the rest of the meeting to a commemoration of the 20th anniversary of the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which is, so we have this commemoration.","start":5555.51,"end":5570.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5555.51,"end":5555.63},{"text":"Committee","start":5555.63,"end":5555.95},{"text":"will","start":5555.95,"end":5556.15},{"text":"devote","start":5556.15,"end":5556.35},{"text":"the","start":5556.35,"end":5556.47},{"text":"rest","start":5556.47,"end":5556.83},{"text":"of","start":5556.83,"end":5556.95},{"text":"the","start":5556.95,"end":5557.03},{"text":"meeting","start":5557.03,"end":5557.51},{"text":"to","start":5557.51,"end":5557.71},{"text":"a","start":5557.71,"end":5557.75},{"text":"commemoration","start":5557.75,"end":5558.47},{"text":"of","start":5558.47,"end":5558.55},{"text":"the","start":5558.55,"end":5558.67},{"text":"20th","start":5558.67,"end":5559.11},{"text":"anniversary","start":5559.11,"end":5559.75},{"text":"of","start":5559.75,"end":5559.83},{"text":"the","start":5559.83,"end":5559.99},{"text":"adoption","start":5559.99,"end":5560.47},{"text":"of","start":5560.47,"end":5560.55},{"text":"the","start":5560.55,"end":5560.67},{"text":"Convention","start":5560.67,"end":5561.15},{"text":"on","start":5561.15,"end":5561.27},{"text":"the","start":5561.27,"end":5561.35},{"text":"Rights","start":5561.35,"end":5561.75},{"text":"of","start":5562.07,"end":5562.23},{"text":"Persons","start":5562.23,"end":5562.79},{"text":"with","start":5562.79,"end":5563.03},{"text":"Disabilities,","start":5563.07,"end":5563.95},{"text":"which","start":5563.95,"end":5564.39},{"text":"is,","start":5566.23,"end":5566.55},{"text":"so","start":5567.83,"end":5568.07},{"text":"we","start":5568.87,"end":5569.03},{"text":"have","start":5569.03,"end":5569.19},{"text":"this","start":5569.19,"end":5569.35},{"text":"commemoration.","start":5569.35,"end":5570.23}]},{"text":"And just to remind you of the press conference today by UNIDIR today's disarmament day, the launch of the 2026 Arms Trade Treaty Monetary Report.","start":5570.23,"end":5585.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5570.23,"end":5570.35},{"text":"just","start":5570.35,"end":5570.79},{"text":"to","start":5571.19,"end":5571.39},{"text":"remind","start":5571.39,"end":5571.95},{"text":"you","start":5571.95,"end":5572.23},{"text":"of","start":5572.99,"end":5573.27},{"text":"the","start":5573.51,"end":5573.63},{"text":"press","start":5573.83,"end":5574.15},{"text":"conference","start":5574.15,"end":5574.71},{"text":"today","start":5574.71,"end":5575.35},{"text":"by","start":5575.59,"end":5575.83},{"text":"UNIDIR","start":5575.83,"end":5576.87},{"text":"today's","start":5576.91,"end":5577.23},{"text":"disarmament","start":5577.23,"end":5577.67},{"text":"day,","start":5577.67,"end":5577.99},{"text":"the","start":5579.43,"end":5579.55},{"text":"launch","start":5580.39,"end":5580.95},{"text":"of","start":5580.95,"end":5581.19},{"text":"the","start":5581.19,"end":5581.27},{"text":"2026","start":5581.27,"end":5582.15},{"text":"Arms","start":5582.23,"end":5582.55},{"text":"Trade","start":5582.55,"end":5583.19},{"text":"Treaty","start":5583.27,"end":5583.75},{"text":"Monetary","start":5583.75,"end":5584.55},{"text":"Report.","start":5584.87,"end":5585.59}]},{"text":"That will be presented to you by Andrea Edoardo Varisco, the project lead of the Arms Trade Treaty Monitor, and other speakers.","start":5586.75,"end":5595.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":5586.75,"end":5586.99},{"text":"will","start":5586.99,"end":5587.31},{"text":"be","start":5587.31,"end":5587.63},{"text":"presented","start":5587.63,"end":5588.19},{"text":"to","start":5588.19,"end":5588.35},{"text":"you","start":5588.35,"end":5588.51},{"text":"by","start":5588.51,"end":5588.75},{"text":"Andrea","start":5588.75,"end":5589.15},{"text":"Edoardo","start":5589.15,"end":5589.67},{"text":"Varisco,","start":5589.67,"end":5590.19},{"text":"the","start":5590.19,"end":5590.27},{"text":"project","start":5590.27,"end":5590.63},{"text":"lead","start":5590.63,"end":5590.99},{"text":"of","start":5590.99,"end":5591.15},{"text":"the","start":5591.15,"end":5591.27},{"text":"Arms","start":5591.31,"end":5591.63},{"text":"Trade","start":5591.63,"end":5591.95},{"text":"Treaty","start":5591.95,"end":5592.35},{"text":"Monitor,","start":5592.35,"end":5593.15},{"text":"and","start":5593.63,"end":5594.11},{"text":"other","start":5594.11,"end":5594.43},{"text":"speakers.","start":5594.43,"end":5595.47}]},{"text":"So that's going to be today at 2:30 in this room.","start":5595.47,"end":5599.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":5595.47,"end":5595.95},{"text":"that's","start":5595.95,"end":5596.27},{"text":"going","start":5596.27,"end":5596.43},{"text":"to","start":5596.43,"end":5596.51},{"text":"be","start":5596.51,"end":5596.67},{"text":"today","start":5596.67,"end":5597.23},{"text":"at","start":5597.23,"end":5597.87},{"text":"2:30","start":5597.87,"end":5597.91},{"text":"in","start":5597.91,"end":5598.19},{"text":"this","start":5598.19,"end":5598.59},{"text":"room.","start":5598.67,"end":5599.23}]},{"text":"You have the invitation.","start":5599.63,"end":5600.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":5599.63,"end":5599.79},{"text":"have","start":5599.79,"end":5599.95},{"text":"the","start":5599.95,"end":5600.07},{"text":"invitation.","start":5600.07,"end":5600.67}]},{"text":"And I think that's all I have for you.","start":5601.39,"end":5603.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5601.39,"end":5601.87},{"text":"I","start":5602.19,"end":5602.35},{"text":"think","start":5602.35,"end":5602.63},{"text":"that's","start":5602.63,"end":5602.99},{"text":"all","start":5602.99,"end":5603.15},{"text":"I","start":5603.15,"end":5603.23},{"text":"have","start":5603.23,"end":5603.43},{"text":"for","start":5603.47,"end":5603.71},{"text":"you.","start":5603.71,"end":5603.87}]},{"text":"So if you have no other questions for me, I thank you very much, wish you a good afternoon, and I'll see you on Friday.","start":5604.67,"end":5612.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":5604.67,"end":5605.07},{"text":"if","start":5605.59,"end":5605.67},{"text":"you","start":5605.95,"end":5606.19},{"text":"have","start":5606.19,"end":5606.43},{"text":"no","start":5606.43,"end":5606.75},{"text":"other","start":5606.83,"end":5607.11},{"text":"questions","start":5607.11,"end":5607.55},{"text":"for","start":5607.55,"end":5607.67},{"text":"me,","start":5607.67,"end":5607.95},{"text":"I","start":5607.95,"end":5608.03},{"text":"thank","start":5608.03,"end":5608.27},{"text":"you","start":5608.27,"end":5608.35},{"text":"very","start":5608.35,"end":5608.59},{"text":"much,","start":5608.59,"end":5609.07},{"text":"wish","start":5609.31,"end":5609.71},{"text":"you","start":5609.71,"end":5609.95},{"text":"a","start":5610.11,"end":5610.15},{"text":"good","start":5610.15,"end":5610.51},{"text":"afternoon,","start":5610.59,"end":5611.07},{"text":"and","start":5611.07,"end":5611.19},{"text":"I'll","start":5611.19,"end":5611.43},{"text":"see","start":5611.47,"end":5611.59},{"text":"you","start":5611.63,"end":5611.75},{"text":"on","start":5611.75,"end":5611.83},{"text":"Friday.","start":5611.83,"end":5612.27}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":5612.27,"end":5612.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5612.27,"end":5612.59},{"text":"you.","start":5612.59,"end":5612.67}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Alessandra","affiliation":"UNIS","affiliation_full":"UNIS","group":null,"function":"Moderator"}}],"topics":[{"key":"rohingya-abuses","label":"Rohingya Abuses and Displacement","description":"Speakers highlighted ongoing widespread and systematic abuses against the Rohingya, including torture, forced labour, recruitment, arbitrary detention, and renewed displacement. The discussion also referenced the continuing outflow of Rohingya to Bangladesh and other destinations since the escalation in Rakhine State."},{"key":"human-control-ihl","label":"Human Control and International Humanitarian Law","description":"Speakers repeatedly stressed that autonomous weapons raise serious legal and ethical concerns because they can reduce meaningful human judgment over the use of force. They argued that unpredictability and distance from the moment of attack make compliance with international humanitarian law much harder."},{"key":"ebola-vaccine-trials","label":"Ebola Vaccine Trials in the DRC","description":"Speakers discussed the planned trial use of an existing Ebola vaccine during a Bundibugyo outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They emphasized the need for evidence, informed consent, transparent communication with communities, and continued reliance on core public health measures such as contact tracing and outbreak control."},{"key":"myanmar-rights-crisis","label":"Myanmar Human Rights Crisis","description":"Several statements described a severe deterioration of human rights in Myanmar, marked by military violence, airstrikes, arbitrary killings, forced recruitment, and the collapse of the rule of law. The crisis was framed as nationwide and worsening, with both the military and other armed actors implicated in abuses."},{"key":"aws-prohibitions-limits","label":"Prohibitions and Restrictions on Autonomous Weapons","description":"The discussion covered what kinds of autonomous weapons should be prohibited outright and which should be tightly restricted. In particular, speakers highlighted bans on unpredictable systems and those designed to target human beings directly, along with limits on targets, operating area, duration, and use in populated areas."},{"key":"afghanistan-malnutrition","label":"Child Malnutrition in Afghanistan","description":"UNICEF described a deepening nutrition crisis in Afghanistan, with millions of children suffering wasting and severe acute malnutrition, especially very young children. The discussion also emphasized prevention, strained hospitals, climate and displacement pressures, and major funding shortfalls for nutrition services."},{"key":"autonomous-weapons-talks","label":"Autonomous Weapons Negotiations","description":"Multiple speakers urged states to move from years of discussion to formal negotiations on a legally binding instrument under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. The upcoming CCW review conference was presented as the key political moment to launch that process."},{"key":"conflict-economy-myanmar","label":"Myanmar’s Conflict Economy","description":"A recurring topic was the role of illicit economies in sustaining Myanmar’s conflict, especially illegal rare earth mining and scam centers. Speakers linked these activities to environmental damage, exploitation of vulnerable populations, cross-border criminal networks, and financial benefits for armed actors."},{"key":"industry-and-proliferation","label":"Industry Engagement and Proliferation Risks","description":"Participants noted that autonomous weapons technology is advancing quickly, becoming cheaper and easier to spread, which increases the urgency of regulation before harmful practices are entrenched. They also referred to engagement with industry and other stakeholders, while emphasizing that states remain the decision-makers in any future treaty process."}]}}