{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/es/ga/c6/81/31?lang=floor","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/es/ga/c6/81/31.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k14/k14s9lih0a","kaltura_id":"1_4s9lih0a","title":"Sexta Comisión, 31ª sesión plenaria, Asamblea General, 81° período de sesiones","clean_title":"Sexta Comisión, 31ª sesión plenaria, Asamblea General, 81° período de sesiones","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k14/k14s9lih0a","date":"2026-10-28T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-10-28T19:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"01:24:50","category":"Asamblea General","body":"Sixth Committee","event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":"31st plenary meeting","pv_symbol":"A/C.6/81/SR.31","pv_part":1,"slug":"ga/c6/81/31"},"metadata":{"summary":null,"description":null,"categories":[],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":[],"corporate_name":[],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"speechmatics-melia-1-4a33c330-72a0-43f0-b0c9-96356dbae748","language":"floor","data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":0.73,"pageUrl":"/es/ga/c6/81/31?lang=floor&t=0:01","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Eh good afternoon colleagues.","start":0.73,"end":2.36,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Eh","start":0.73,"end":0.98},{"text":"good","start":1,"end":1.18},{"text":"afternoon","start":1.18,"end":1.64},{"text":"colleagues","start":1.64,"end":2.36}]},{"text":"I call to order the 31st meeting of the sixth committee for the 81st session of the general assembly.","start":3.44,"end":9.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3.44,"end":3.59},{"text":"call","start":3.59,"end":3.84},{"text":"to","start":3.84,"end":3.92},{"text":"order","start":3.94,"end":4.37},{"text":"the","start":4.74,"end":4.84},{"text":"31st","start":4.84,"end":5.4},{"text":"meeting","start":5.42,"end":5.75},{"text":"of","start":5.75,"end":5.84},{"text":"the","start":5.84,"end":5.94},{"text":"sixth","start":5.94,"end":6.21},{"text":"committee","start":6.21,"end":6.7},{"text":"for","start":6.72,"end":6.88},{"text":"the","start":6.88,"end":6.99},{"text":"81st","start":7,"end":7.48},{"text":"session","start":7.48,"end":7.89},{"text":"of","start":7.89,"end":8.01},{"text":"the","start":8.01,"end":8.1},{"text":"general","start":8.1,"end":8.52},{"text":"assembly","start":8.52,"end":9.09}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, let us now continue with the debate on the first cluster of topics concerning agenda item 78, report of the international law commission on the work of its 76th and the seven seventh sessions.","start":10.14,"end":25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":10.14,"end":10.62},{"text":"delegates","start":10.64,"end":11.39},{"text":"let","start":11.55,"end":11.69},{"text":"us","start":11.69,"end":11.89},{"text":"now","start":11.91,"end":12.08},{"text":"continue","start":12.08,"end":12.64},{"text":"with","start":12.64,"end":12.81},{"text":"the","start":12.82,"end":12.91},{"text":"debate","start":12.92,"end":13.44},{"text":"on","start":13.44,"end":13.55},{"text":"the","start":13.55,"end":13.63},{"text":"first","start":13.63,"end":13.94},{"text":"cluster","start":13.98,"end":14.34},{"text":"of","start":14.34,"end":14.47},{"text":"topics","start":14.47,"end":14.98},{"text":"concerning","start":14.98,"end":15.7},{"text":"agenda","start":15.75,"end":16.17},{"text":"item","start":16.18,"end":16.62},{"text":"78","start":16.64,"end":17.63},{"text":"report","start":18.18,"end":18.56},{"text":"of","start":18.56,"end":18.64},{"text":"the","start":18.66,"end":18.78},{"text":"international","start":18.78,"end":19.38},{"text":"law","start":19.38,"end":19.61},{"text":"commission","start":19.62,"end":20.21},{"text":"on","start":20.74,"end":20.88},{"text":"the","start":20.89,"end":20.98},{"text":"work","start":21.02,"end":21.23},{"text":"of","start":21.23,"end":21.39},{"text":"its","start":21.45,"end":21.64},{"text":"76th","start":21.64,"end":22.69},{"text":"and","start":22.94,"end":23.11},{"text":"the","start":23.11,"end":23.19},{"text":"seven","start":23.2,"end":23.5},{"text":"seventh","start":23.53,"end":24.11},{"text":"sessions","start":24.26,"end":25}]},{"text":"After which we will turn to the second cluster of topics.","start":25.46,"end":28.68,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"After","start":25.46,"end":25.76},{"text":"which","start":25.78,"end":26.04},{"text":"we","start":26.05,"end":26.14},{"text":"will","start":26.14,"end":26.3},{"text":"turn","start":26.32,"end":26.59},{"text":"to","start":26.59,"end":26.68},{"text":"the","start":26.68,"end":26.8},{"text":"second","start":26.82,"end":27.38},{"text":"cluster","start":27.39,"end":27.84},{"text":"of","start":27.88,"end":28.05},{"text":"topics","start":28.05,"end":28.68}]},{"text":"The report of the commission on the work of its 77th session is contained in document a slash eight one slash one zero which is available 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in accordance with the resolution 80 slash 164 the sixth committee will also continue its consideration of chapter four of the commission's 2025 report on the topic of sea level rise in relation to international law as contained in document A slash 80 slash 10 which is also available online.","start":43.56,"end":68.81,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal 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wish to recall that this meeting will end at approximately 4:30 p.m. this afternoon and will be followed by the annual interactive dialogue.","start":70.29,"end":79.46,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":70.29,"end":70.36},{"text":"wish","start":70.37,"end":70.55},{"text":"to","start":70.55,"end":70.65},{"text":"recall","start":70.65,"end":71},{"text":"that","start":71.02,"end":71.16},{"text":"this","start":71.19,"end":71.39},{"text":"meeting","start":71.39,"end":71.76},{"text":"will","start":71.76,"end":71.93},{"text":"end","start":71.99,"end":72.22},{"text":"at","start":72.22,"end":72.34},{"text":"approximately","start":72.36,"end":73.07},{"text":"4:30","start":73.08,"end":73.94},{"text":"p.m.","start":74.03,"end":74.55},{"text":"this","start":74.83,"end":75.03},{"text":"afternoon","start":75.38,"end":75.66},{"text":"and","start":76.18,"end":76.35},{"text":"will","start":76.35,"end":76.48},{"text":"be","start":76.48,"end":76.62},{"text":"followed","start":76.62,"end":77.07},{"text":"by","start":77.11,"end":77.33},{"text":"the","start":77.33,"end":77.44},{"text":"annual","start":77.47,"end":78.03},{"text":"interactive","start":78.51,"end":78.87},{"text":"dialogue","start":78.89,"end":79.46}]},{"text":"Before proceeding, I wish to recall the bureau's recommendation that national statements should be limited to seven minutes and group statements to 12 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are strongly encouraged to keep their statements within this time limits.","start":90.88,"end":95.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Delegations","start":90.88,"end":91.53},{"text":"are","start":91.53,"end":91.61},{"text":"strongly","start":91.61,"end":91.86},{"text":"encouraged","start":92.08,"end":92.83},{"text":"to","start":93.31,"end":93.46},{"text":"keep","start":93.47,"end":93.68},{"text":"their","start":93.69,"end":93.86},{"text":"statements","start":93.86,"end":94.44},{"text":"within","start":94.46,"end":94.78},{"text":"this","start":94.79,"end":95.01},{"text":"time","start":95.03,"end":95.3},{"text":"limits","start":95.3,"end":95.79}]},{"text":"And where possible, deliver abridged versions of their statements while providing the full statements for posting on E. e-statements and on the website of the sixth committee.","start":96.35,"end":107.9,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":96.35,"end":96.52},{"text":"where","start":96.52,"end":96.71},{"text":"possible","start":96.71,"end":97.38},{"text":"deliver","start":97.71,"end":98.23},{"text":"abridged","start":98.27,"end":98.83},{"text":"versions","start":98.83,"end":99.46},{"text":"of","start":99.87,"end":99.99},{"text":"their","start":99.99,"end":100.15},{"text":"statements","start":100.16,"end":100.94},{"text":"while","start":101.11,"end":101.35},{"text":"providing","start":101.36,"end":101.94},{"text":"the","start":101.95,"end":102.03},{"text":"full","start":102.03,"end":102.28},{"text":"statements","start":102.3,"end":102.92},{"text":"for","start":102.92,"end":103.08},{"text":"posting","start":103.08,"end":103.68},{"text":"on","start":104.11,"end":104.31},{"text":"E","start":104.37,"end":104.5},{"text":"e-statements","start":104.5,"end":105.28},{"text":"and","start":105.65,"end":105.81},{"text":"on","start":105.81,"end":105.93},{"text":"the","start":105.93,"end":106.02},{"text":"website","start":106.03,"end":106.67},{"text":"of","start":106.73,"end":106.86},{"text":"the","start":106.86,"end":106.97},{"text":"sixth","start":106.97,"end":107.34},{"text":"committee","start":107.37,"end":107.9}]},{"text":"This will enable all delegations to deliver their statements within the schedule.","start":109.17,"end":113.64,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":109.17,"end":109.34},{"text":"will","start":109.36,"end":109.5},{"text":"enable","start":109.5,"end":109.93},{"text":"all","start":109.93,"end":110.12},{"text":"delegations","start":110.13,"end":110.76},{"text":"to","start":110.76,"end":110.87},{"text":"deliver","start":110.89,"end":111.24},{"text":"their","start":111.26,"end":111.42},{"text":"statements","start":111.42,"end":112.19},{"text":"within","start":112.24,"end":112.85},{"text":"the","start":113.05,"end":113.13},{"text":"schedule","start":113.13,"end":113.64}]},{"text":"The first speaker on my list for this afternoon is the distinguished representative of Singapore.","start":114.6,"end":120.28,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":114.6,"end":114.68},{"text":"first","start":114.69,"end":114.96},{"text":"speaker","start":114.96,"end":115.46},{"text":"on","start":116.01,"end":116.15},{"text":"my","start":116.16,"end":116.33},{"text":"list","start":116.33,"end":116.65},{"text":"for","start":116.65,"end":116.79},{"text":"this","start":116.81,"end":117.04},{"text":"afternoon","start":117.29,"end":117.59},{"text":"is","start":117.59,"end":117.69},{"text":"the","start":117.7,"end":117.79},{"text":"distinguished","start":117.88,"end":118.56},{"text":"representative","start":118.6,"end":119.4},{"text":"of","start":119.4,"end":119.52},{"text":"Singapore","start":119.93,"end":120.28}]},{"text":"You have the floor sir.","start":121.29,"end":122.22,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":121.29,"end":121.39},{"text":"have","start":121.39,"end":121.59},{"text":"the","start":121.59,"end":121.68},{"text":"floor","start":121.69,"end":121.96},{"text":"sir","start":121.97,"end":122.22}]},{"text":"Ma'am.","start":123.47,"end":123.68,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ma'am","start":123.47,"end":123.68}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":2,"start":125.55,"pageUrl":"/es/ga/c6/81/31?lang=floor&t=2:06","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Madam chair, thank you for giving me the floor.","start":125.55,"end":128.3,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":125.55,"end":125.86},{"text":"chair","start":125.88,"end":126.19},{"text":"thank","start":126.76,"end":127.04},{"text":"you","start":127.04,"end":127.13},{"text":"for","start":127.13,"end":127.32},{"text":"giving","start":127.32,"end":127.66},{"text":"me","start":127.68,"end":127.85},{"text":"the","start":127.85,"end":127.99},{"text":"floor","start":127.99,"end":128.3}]},{"text":"I'm pleased to address the chapters in cluster one.","start":129,"end":131.5,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'm","start":129,"end":129.13},{"text":"pleased","start":129.15,"end":129.46},{"text":"to","start":129.46,"end":129.58},{"text":"address","start":129.58,"end":129.96},{"text":"the","start":129.96,"end":130.04},{"text":"chapters","start":130.05,"end":130.63},{"text":"in","start":130.64,"end":130.8},{"text":"cluster","start":130.82,"end":131.22},{"text":"one","start":131.22,"end":131.5}]},{"text":"In the interest of time, I will focus on a few key points.","start":132.02,"end":135.74,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":132.02,"end":132.14},{"text":"the","start":132.15,"end":132.22},{"text":"interest","start":132.26,"end":132.62},{"text":"of","start":132.62,"end":132.71},{"text":"time","start":132.74,"end":133.09},{"text":"I","start":133.58,"end":133.67},{"text":"will","start":133.67,"end":133.86},{"text":"focus","start":133.86,"end":134.4},{"text":"on","start":134.43,"end":134.59},{"text":"a","start":134.59,"end":134.64},{"text":"few","start":134.64,"end":134.95},{"text":"key","start":134.95,"end":135.24},{"text":"points","start":135.26,"end":135.74}]},{"text":"My full statement will be made available online.","start":136.26,"end":139.1,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":136.26,"end":136.38},{"text":"full","start":136.38,"end":136.62},{"text":"statement","start":136.63,"end":137.26},{"text":"will","start":137.3,"end":137.44},{"text":"be","start":137.46,"end":137.58},{"text":"made","start":137.58,"end":137.95},{"text":"available","start":138.02,"end":138.58},{"text":"online","start":138.67,"end":139.1}]},{"text":"I begin with sea level rise in relation to international law.","start":139.76,"end":143.31,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":139.76,"end":139.82},{"text":"begin","start":139.83,"end":140.25},{"text":"with","start":140.27,"end":140.46},{"text":"sea","start":140.46,"end":140.72},{"text":"level","start":140.75,"end":141},{"text":"rise","start":141.02,"end":141.43},{"text":"in","start":141.49,"end":141.65},{"text":"relation","start":141.65,"end":142.16},{"text":"to","start":142.18,"end":142.34},{"text":"international","start":142.35,"end":143.06},{"text":"law","start":143.06,"end":143.31}]},{"text":"Allow me to express Singapore's further views on the subtopic of the protection of persons affected by sea level rise.","start":144,"end":151.84,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"Allow","start":144,"end":144.3},{"text":"me","start":144.3,"end":144.48},{"text":"to","start":144.48,"end":144.61},{"text":"express","start":144.61,"end":145.18},{"text":"Singapore's","start":145.23,"end":145.95},{"text":"further","start":145.96,"end":146.34},{"text":"views","start":146.36,"end":146.8},{"text":"on","start":147.02,"end":147.15},{"text":"the","start":147.15,"end":147.22},{"text":"subtopic","start":147.23,"end":147.93},{"text":"of","start":148.47,"end":148.6},{"text":"the","start":148.62,"end":148.72},{"text":"protection","start":148.72,"end":149.28},{"text":"of","start":149.28,"end":149.38},{"text":"persons","start":149.4,"end":150},{"text":"affected","start":150.11,"end":150.64},{"text":"by","start":150.8,"end":150.98},{"text":"sea","start":150.98,"end":151.2},{"text":"level","start":151.2,"end":151.47},{"text":"rise","start":151.48,"end":151.84}]},{"text":"Singapore joins other small island states in emphasising the severity of the dangers posed on populations by sea level rise.","start":152.74,"end":161.41,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"Singapore","start":152.74,"end":153.22},{"text":"joins","start":153.23,"end":153.76},{"text":"other","start":153.81,"end":154.01},{"text":"small","start":154.02,"end":154.36},{"text":"island","start":154.41,"end":154.72},{"text":"states","start":154.72,"end":155.25},{"text":"in","start":155.64,"end":155.8},{"text":"emphasising","start":155.86,"end":156.67},{"text":"the","start":156.7,"end":156.84},{"text":"severity","start":156.85,"end":157.67},{"text":"of","start":158.08,"end":158.19},{"text":"the","start":158.2,"end":158.29},{"text":"dangers","start":158.31,"end":158.87},{"text":"posed","start":158.87,"end":159.34},{"text":"on","start":159.35,"end":159.42},{"text":"populations","start":159.44,"end":160.33},{"text":"by","start":160.38,"end":160.51},{"text":"sea","start":160.51,"end":160.71},{"text":"level","start":160.71,"end":160.97},{"text":"rise","start":160.98,"end":161.41}]},{"text":"We note the ILC study group's conclusion that there is currently no dedicated framework applicable to the protection of persons affected by sea level rise.","start":162.22,"end":173.21,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":162.22,"end":162.34},{"text":"note","start":162.34,"end":162.71},{"text":"the","start":162.82,"end":162.94},{"text":"ILC","start":163.02,"end":163.37},{"text":"study","start":163.89,"end":164.24},{"text":"group's","start":164.24,"end":164.63},{"text":"conclusion","start":164.66,"end":165.36},{"text":"that","start":165.94,"end":166.1},{"text":"there","start":166.12,"end":166.35},{"text":"is","start":166.35,"end":166.55},{"text":"currently","start":166.55,"end":167.14},{"text":"no","start":167.16,"end":167.51},{"text":"dedicated","start":167.51,"end":168.18},{"text":"framework","start":168.21,"end":168.74},{"text":"applicable","start":169.1,"end":169.74},{"text":"to","start":169.77,"end":169.91},{"text":"the","start":169.92,"end":170.02},{"text":"protection","start":170.46,"end":170.97},{"text":"of","start":170.97,"end":171.05},{"text":"persons","start":171.09,"end":171.65},{"text":"affected","start":171.69,"end":172.18},{"text":"by","start":172.22,"end":172.36},{"text":"sea","start":172.36,"end":172.57},{"text":"level","start":172.57,"end":172.83},{"text":"rise","start":172.83,"end":173.21}]},{"text":"The effective protection of such persons will require solutions that are specific to each unique context.","start":174.25,"end":181.36,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":174.25,"end":174.37},{"text":"effective","start":174.38,"end":174.84},{"text":"protection","start":174.84,"end":175.4},{"text":"of","start":175.4,"end":175.52},{"text":"such","start":175.52,"end":175.89},{"text":"persons","start":175.98,"end":176.63},{"text":"will","start":177.04,"end":177.17},{"text":"require","start":177.17,"end":177.78},{"text":"solutions","start":177.97,"end":178.52},{"text":"that","start":178.56,"end":178.68},{"text":"are","start":178.68,"end":178.72},{"text":"specific","start":178.72,"end":179.38},{"text":"to","start":179.44,"end":179.56},{"text":"each","start":179.64,"end":180.03},{"text":"unique","start":180.09,"end":180.63},{"text":"context","start":180.68,"end":181.36}]},{"text":"We look forward to considering with other delegations the possible ways forward presented by the ILC study group, such as developing international instruments and mechanisms specific to climate change related sea level rise.","start":182.75,"end":199.1,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":182.75,"end":182.87},{"text":"look","start":182.87,"end":183.06},{"text":"forward","start":183.09,"end":183.41},{"text":"to","start":183.42,"end":183.55},{"text":"considering","start":183.55,"end":184.18},{"text":"with","start":184.18,"end":184.45},{"text":"other","start":184.5,"end":184.76},{"text":"delegations","start":184.77,"end":185.63},{"text":"the","start":186.02,"end":186.11},{"text":"possible","start":186.11,"end":186.68},{"text":"ways","start":186.69,"end":187.1},{"text":"forward","start":187.15,"end":187.62},{"text":"presented","start":187.94,"end":188.52},{"text":"by","start":188.54,"end":188.67},{"text":"the","start":188.68,"end":188.78},{"text":"ILC","start":189.2,"end":189.78},{"text":"study","start":189.78,"end":190.1},{"text":"group","start":190.11,"end":190.38},{"text":"such","start":190.88,"end":191.22},{"text":"as","start":191.27,"end":191.57},{"text":"developing","start":191.62,"end":192.38},{"text":"international","start":192.44,"end":193.15},{"text":"instruments","start":193.18,"end":193.92},{"text":"and","start":194.32,"end":194.47},{"text":"mechanisms","start":194.58,"end":195.23},{"text":"specific","start":195.34,"end":195.71},{"text":"to","start":196.05,"end":196.13},{"text":"climate","start":196.14,"end":196.49},{"text":"change","start":196.49,"end":196.94},{"text":"related","start":197.51,"end":198.21},{"text":"sea","start":198.22,"end":198.44},{"text":"level","start":198.45,"end":198.72},{"text":"rise","start":198.73,"end":199.1}]},{"text":"At the same time, such discussions should not delay practical action and must proceed in parallel with concrete efforts to protect persons affected by sea level rise.","start":199.73,"end":210.98,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":199.73,"end":199.81},{"text":"the","start":199.81,"end":199.89},{"text":"same","start":199.89,"end":200.14},{"text":"time","start":200.15,"end":200.57},{"text":"such","start":201.01,"end":201.38},{"text":"discussions","start":201.39,"end":202.09},{"text":"should","start":202.14,"end":202.37},{"text":"not","start":202.37,"end":202.77},{"text":"delay","start":202.81,"end":203.21},{"text":"practical","start":203.22,"end":203.84},{"text":"action","start":203.9,"end":204.37},{"text":"and","start":204.85,"end":204.96},{"text":"must","start":204.98,"end":205.26},{"text":"proceed","start":205.29,"end":205.82},{"text":"in","start":205.89,"end":206.02},{"text":"parallel","start":206.02,"end":206.61},{"text":"with","start":206.89,"end":207.06},{"text":"concrete","start":207.09,"end":207.69},{"text":"efforts","start":207.74,"end":208.22},{"text":"to","start":208.23,"end":208.37},{"text":"protect","start":208.37,"end":208.69},{"text":"persons","start":208.82,"end":209.39},{"text":"affected","start":209.45,"end":209.95},{"text":"by","start":209.95,"end":210.11},{"text":"sea","start":210.11,"end":210.31},{"text":"level","start":210.31,"end":210.59},{"text":"rise","start":210.59,"end":210.98}]},{"text":"Two principles must guide international action to protect persons affected by sea level rise.","start":211.91,"end":217.58,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"Two","start":211.91,"end":212.1},{"text":"principles","start":212.11,"end":212.75},{"text":"must","start":212.79,"end":213},{"text":"guide","start":213,"end":213.4},{"text":"international","start":213.48,"end":214.11},{"text":"action","start":214.18,"end":214.61},{"text":"to","start":215.03,"end":215.14},{"text":"protect","start":215.14,"end":215.55},{"text":"persons","start":215.58,"end":216.11},{"text":"affected","start":216.16,"end":216.62},{"text":"by","start":216.67,"end":216.75},{"text":"sea","start":216.75,"end":216.93},{"text":"level","start":216.95,"end":217.22},{"text":"rise","start":217.22,"end":217.58}]},{"text":"First, the duty to cooperate as the ICJ noted in its advisory opinion, cooperation in addressing sea level rise is not a matter of choice for states, but a legal obligation.","start":218.35,"end":232.19,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"First","start":218.35,"end":218.82},{"text":"the","start":218.99,"end":219.1},{"text":"duty","start":219.1,"end":219.55},{"text":"to","start":219.55,"end":219.77},{"text":"cooperate","start":219.79,"end":220.45},{"text":"as","start":221.21,"end":221.4},{"text":"the","start":221.41,"end":221.53},{"text":"ICJ","start":221.77,"end":222.29},{"text":"noted","start":222.29,"end":222.86},{"text":"in","start":222.93,"end":223.08},{"text":"its","start":223.09,"end":223.39},{"text":"advisory","start":223.45,"end":224.01},{"text":"opinion","start":224.02,"end":224.57},{"text":"cooperation","start":225.17,"end":225.9},{"text":"in","start":225.98,"end":226.12},{"text":"addressing","start":226.13,"end":226.67},{"text":"sea","start":226.69,"end":226.89},{"text":"level","start":226.89,"end":227.15},{"text":"rise","start":227.15,"end":227.56},{"text":"is","start":227.63,"end":227.81},{"text":"not","start":227.82,"end":228.25},{"text":"a","start":228.33,"end":228.39},{"text":"matter","start":228.39,"end":228.71},{"text":"of","start":228.71,"end":228.81},{"text":"choice","start":228.81,"end":229.27},{"text":"for","start":229.33,"end":229.45},{"text":"states","start":229.45,"end":229.94},{"text":"but","start":230.41,"end":230.69},{"text":"a","start":230.75,"end":230.81},{"text":"legal","start":230.81,"end":231.37},{"text":"obligation","start":231.45,"end":232.19}]},{"text":"This requires states in the context of sea level rise to work together with a view to achieving equitable solutions.","start":232.93,"end":240.71,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":232.93,"end":233.21},{"text":"requires","start":233.23,"end":233.74},{"text":"states","start":233.74,"end":234.31},{"text":"in","start":234.65,"end":234.75},{"text":"the","start":234.75,"end":234.81},{"text":"context","start":234.81,"end":235.35},{"text":"of","start":235.38,"end":235.43},{"text":"sea","start":235.44,"end":235.66},{"text":"level","start":235.67,"end":235.97},{"text":"rise","start":235.97,"end":236.35},{"text":"to","start":236.76,"end":236.88},{"text":"work","start":236.91,"end":237.15},{"text":"together","start":237.19,"end":237.67},{"text":"with","start":237.68,"end":237.88},{"text":"a","start":237.88,"end":237.93},{"text":"view","start":237.93,"end":238.24},{"text":"to","start":238.27,"end":238.39},{"text":"achieving","start":238.39,"end":238.95},{"text":"equitable","start":239.3,"end":239.94},{"text":"solutions","start":239.99,"end":240.71}]},{"text":"Second, the duty to cooperate is subject to the principle of common but differentiated response.","start":241.76,"end":247.64,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"Second","start":241.76,"end":242.24},{"text":"the","start":242.71,"end":242.82},{"text":"duty","start":242.82,"end":243.18},{"text":"to","start":243.19,"end":243.31},{"text":"cooperate","start":243.32,"end":243.83},{"text":"is","start":243.91,"end":243.95},{"text":"subject","start":243.95,"end":244.49},{"text":"to","start":244.51,"end":244.6},{"text":"the","start":244.6,"end":244.7},{"text":"principle","start":244.7,"end":245.35},{"text":"of","start":245.4,"end":245.55},{"text":"common","start":245.55,"end":246.04},{"text":"but","start":246.35,"end":246.49},{"text":"differentiated","start":246.51,"end":247.29},{"text":"response","start":247.33,"end":247.64}]},{"text":"responsibilities and respective capabilities in the light of different national circumstances.","start":247.64,"end":254.13,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"responsibilities","start":247.64,"end":248.41},{"text":"and","start":248.81,"end":248.92},{"text":"respective","start":248.93,"end":249.63},{"text":"capabilities","start":249.85,"end":250.74},{"text":"in","start":251.24,"end":251.35},{"text":"the","start":251.36,"end":251.42},{"text":"light","start":251.42,"end":251.83},{"text":"of","start":251.85,"end":251.98},{"text":"different","start":252.01,"end":252.53},{"text":"national","start":252.57,"end":253.22},{"text":"circumstances","start":253.22,"end":254.13}]},{"text":"States disproportionately affected by sea level rise should not be left to shoulder the burden of protecting their populations from its adverse effects without international assistance.","start":254.9,"end":266.82,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"States","start":254.9,"end":255.4},{"text":"disproportionately","start":255.43,"end":256.61},{"text":"affected","start":256.66,"end":257.17},{"text":"by","start":257.21,"end":257.33},{"text":"sea","start":257.33,"end":257.58},{"text":"level","start":257.61,"end":257.86},{"text":"rise","start":257.86,"end":258.26},{"text":"should","start":258.53,"end":258.76},{"text":"not","start":258.81,"end":259.25},{"text":"be","start":259.33,"end":259.45},{"text":"left","start":259.45,"end":259.75},{"text":"to","start":259.77,"end":259.85},{"text":"shoulder","start":259.85,"end":260.27},{"text":"the","start":260.28,"end":260.37},{"text":"burden","start":260.38,"end":260.61},{"text":"of","start":260.83,"end":260.96},{"text":"protecting","start":260.99,"end":261.52},{"text":"their","start":261.52,"end":261.63},{"text":"populations","start":261.63,"end":262.49},{"text":"from","start":263,"end":263.31},{"text":"its","start":263.39,"end":263.65},{"text":"adverse","start":263.72,"end":264.21},{"text":"effects","start":264.35,"end":264.85},{"text":"without","start":264.87,"end":265.35},{"text":"international","start":265.4,"end":266.1},{"text":"assistance","start":266.15,"end":266.82}]},{"text":"I now turn to immunity of state officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction.","start":267.68,"end":272.67,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":267.68,"end":267.75},{"text":"now","start":267.75,"end":267.98},{"text":"turn","start":267.98,"end":268.31},{"text":"to","start":268.31,"end":268.5},{"text":"immunity","start":268.55,"end":269.04},{"text":"of","start":269.04,"end":269.15},{"text":"state","start":269.15,"end":269.15},{"text":"officials","start":269.59,"end":270.22},{"text":"from","start":270.54,"end":270.75},{"text":"foreign","start":270.75,"end":271.27},{"text":"criminal","start":271.43,"end":271.9},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":271.9,"end":272.67}]},{"text":"So Singapore expresses its appreciation to the commission for completing its work on the topic.","start":273.5,"end":279.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":273.5,"end":273.6},{"text":"Singapore","start":273.6,"end":274.04},{"text":"expresses","start":274.04,"end":274.74},{"text":"its","start":274.79,"end":275.05},{"text":"appreciation","start":275.07,"end":275.92},{"text":"to","start":275.92,"end":276.05},{"text":"the","start":276.06,"end":276.14},{"text":"commission","start":276.14,"end":276.72},{"text":"for","start":277.06,"end":277.22},{"text":"completing","start":277.22,"end":277.86},{"text":"its","start":277.87,"end":278.08},{"text":"work","start":278.09,"end":278.38},{"text":"on","start":278.46,"end":278.56},{"text":"the","start":278.58,"end":278.66},{"text":"topic","start":278.66,"end":279.09}]},{"text":"The draft articles continue to to raise concerns for us.","start":279.85,"end":283.7,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":279.85,"end":279.92},{"text":"draft","start":279.94,"end":280.34},{"text":"articles","start":280.34,"end":280.94},{"text":"continue","start":280.94,"end":281.57},{"text":"to","start":281.58,"end":281.72},{"text":"to","start":281.9,"end":282.01},{"text":"raise","start":282.02,"end":282.41},{"text":"concerns","start":282.42,"end":283.14},{"text":"for","start":283.18,"end":283.34},{"text":"us","start":283.34,"end":283.7}]},{"text":"We previously emphasised that the implement the imprint the implementation of these draft articles will need to take into consideration practical realities and challenges faced by competent authorities in.","start":284.5,"end":299.54,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":284.5,"end":284.62},{"text":"previously","start":284.64,"end":285.3},{"text":"emphasised","start":285.35,"end":286.12},{"text":"that","start":286.18,"end":286.47},{"text":"the","start":286.49,"end":286.6},{"text":"implement","start":286.64,"end":287.07},{"text":"the","start":287.66,"end":287.87},{"text":"imprint","start":288.08,"end":288.51},{"text":"the","start":289.16,"end":289.26},{"text":"implementation","start":289.32,"end":290.27},{"text":"of","start":290.31,"end":290.41},{"text":"these","start":290.44,"end":290.76},{"text":"draft","start":290.8,"end":291.15},{"text":"articles","start":291.16,"end":291.73},{"text":"will","start":292.12,"end":292.26},{"text":"need","start":292.27,"end":292.52},{"text":"to","start":292.52,"end":292.64},{"text":"take","start":292.64,"end":292.88},{"text":"into","start":292.93,"end":293.14},{"text":"consideration","start":293.14,"end":293.96},{"text":"practical","start":294.36,"end":295},{"text":"realities","start":295.04,"end":295.8},{"text":"and","start":295.84,"end":295.96},{"text":"challenges","start":295.97,"end":296.7},{"text":"faced","start":297.12,"end":297.49},{"text":"by","start":297.52,"end":297.64},{"text":"competent","start":297.64,"end":298.24},{"text":"authorities","start":298.24,"end":299},{"text":"in","start":299.43,"end":299.54}]},{"text":"the exercise of the criminal jurisdiction.","start":299.54,"end":301.98,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"the","start":299.54,"end":299.63},{"text":"exercise","start":299.67,"end":300.32},{"text":"of","start":300.36,"end":300.47},{"text":"the","start":300.5,"end":300.57},{"text":"criminal","start":300.58,"end":301.14},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":301.23,"end":301.98}]},{"text":"This concern runs through a few of the draft articles.","start":303.45,"end":306.85,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":303.45,"end":303.64},{"text":"concern","start":303.65,"end":304.22},{"text":"runs","start":304.28,"end":304.69},{"text":"through","start":304.69,"end":305.02},{"text":"a","start":305.11,"end":305.15},{"text":"few","start":305.15,"end":305.5},{"text":"of","start":305.56,"end":305.69},{"text":"the","start":305.71,"end":305.79},{"text":"draft","start":305.79,"end":306.17},{"text":"articles","start":306.22,"end":306.85}]},{"text":"For instance, in draft article nine, the commission identified only two scenarios in which a foreign state need not notify the state of the official before initiating criminal proceedings or taking coercive measures, i.e. when doing so would jeopardise the confidentiality of an ongoing investigation or the proper conduct of criminal proceedings.","start":307.5,"end":332.79,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":307.5,"end":307.66},{"text":"instance","start":307.72,"end":308.3},{"text":"in","start":308.67,"end":308.79},{"text":"draft","start":308.81,"end":309.14},{"text":"article","start":309.16,"end":309.54},{"text":"nine","start":309.54,"end":309.89},{"text":"the","start":310.34,"end":310.42},{"text":"commission","start":310.42,"end":310.98},{"text":"identified","start":311.02,"end":311.72},{"text":"only","start":311.79,"end":312.02},{"text":"two","start":312.02,"end":312.31},{"text":"scenarios","start":312.31,"end":312.97},{"text":"in","start":313.32,"end":313.44},{"text":"which","start":313.45,"end":313.7},{"text":"a","start":313.73,"end":313.8},{"text":"foreign","start":313.8,"end":314.2},{"text":"state","start":314.6,"end":315},{"text":"need","start":315.04,"end":315.23},{"text":"not","start":315.24,"end":315.55},{"text":"notify","start":315.61,"end":316.2},{"text":"the","start":316.2,"end":316.29},{"text":"state","start":316.29,"end":316.69},{"text":"of","start":316.72,"end":316.86},{"text":"the","start":316.87,"end":316.93},{"text":"official","start":316.94,"end":317.44},{"text":"before","start":317.96,"end":318.4},{"text":"initiating","start":318.45,"end":319.25},{"text":"criminal","start":319.28,"end":319.78},{"text":"proceedings","start":319.79,"end":320.51},{"text":"or","start":320.92,"end":321.03},{"text":"taking","start":321.04,"end":321.4},{"text":"coercive","start":321.43,"end":322.04},{"text":"measures","start":322.12,"end":322.66},{"text":"i.e.","start":324.17,"end":324.59},{"text":"when","start":324.86,"end":325.01},{"text":"doing","start":325.01,"end":325.31},{"text":"so","start":325.31,"end":325.53},{"text":"would","start":325.57,"end":325.74},{"text":"jeopardise","start":326.06,"end":326.65},{"text":"the","start":326.66,"end":326.74},{"text":"confidentiality","start":326.74,"end":327.72},{"text":"of","start":327.72,"end":327.88},{"text":"an","start":327.98,"end":328.16},{"text":"ongoing","start":328.22,"end":328.89},{"text":"investigation","start":329.13,"end":330.01},{"text":"or","start":330.47,"end":330.57},{"text":"the","start":330.58,"end":330.67},{"text":"proper","start":330.68,"end":331.04},{"text":"conduct","start":331.04,"end":331.5},{"text":"of","start":331.55,"end":331.69},{"text":"criminal","start":331.7,"end":332.11},{"text":"proceedings","start":332.11,"end":332.79}]},{"text":"We further note with some concern that divergences on draft article six previously draft article seven remain within the commission.","start":333.54,"end":343.09,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":333.54,"end":333.65},{"text":"further","start":333.66,"end":334.01},{"text":"note","start":334.01,"end":334.37},{"text":"with","start":334.4,"end":334.5},{"text":"some","start":334.54,"end":334.84},{"text":"concern","start":334.86,"end":335.41},{"text":"that","start":335.86,"end":336.2},{"text":"divergences","start":336.26,"end":337.22},{"text":"on","start":337.26,"end":337.42},{"text":"draft","start":337.42,"end":337.8},{"text":"article","start":337.8,"end":338.26},{"text":"six","start":338.26,"end":338.79},{"text":"previously","start":339.21,"end":339.8},{"text":"draft","start":339.81,"end":340.14},{"text":"article","start":340.2,"end":340.55},{"text":"seven","start":340.57,"end":341.03},{"text":"remain","start":341.45,"end":341.99},{"text":"within","start":342.01,"end":342.44},{"text":"the","start":342.45,"end":342.53},{"text":"commission","start":342.53,"end":343.09}]},{"text":"In particular, the provisional adoption of draft article six was put to a vote.","start":343.77,"end":349.23,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":343.77,"end":343.86},{"text":"particular","start":343.86,"end":344.51},{"text":"the","start":344.96,"end":345.06},{"text":"provisional","start":345.07,"end":345.71},{"text":"adoption","start":346.04,"end":346.59},{"text":"of","start":346.64,"end":346.75},{"text":"draft","start":346.75,"end":347.2},{"text":"article","start":347.23,"end":347.57},{"text":"six","start":347.57,"end":347.96},{"text":"was","start":348.01,"end":348.27},{"text":"put","start":348.27,"end":348.67},{"text":"to","start":348.69,"end":348.86},{"text":"a","start":348.86,"end":348.9},{"text":"vote","start":348.9,"end":349.23}]},{"text":"And members of the drafting committee in delivering their explanations of vote had expressed strong reservations on this draft article in plenary, both in terms of its customary status and to its conclusion, against this backdrop, draft article six should not be included.","start":350.04,"end":370.33,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":350.04,"end":350.17},{"text":"members","start":350.17,"end":350.61},{"text":"of","start":350.61,"end":350.71},{"text":"the","start":350.73,"end":350.81},{"text":"drafting","start":350.82,"end":351.29},{"text":"committee","start":351.3,"end":351.88},{"text":"in","start":352.57,"end":352.78},{"text":"delivering","start":352.91,"end":353.48},{"text":"their","start":353.51,"end":353.75},{"text":"explanations","start":353.79,"end":354.55},{"text":"of","start":354.55,"end":354.67},{"text":"vote","start":354.68,"end":355.09},{"text":"had","start":355.52,"end":355.7},{"text":"expressed","start":355.71,"end":356.41},{"text":"strong","start":356.43,"end":356.98},{"text":"reservations","start":356.98,"end":357.83},{"text":"on","start":357.88,"end":358.02},{"text":"this","start":358.03,"end":358.3},{"text":"draft","start":358.48,"end":358.77},{"text":"article","start":358.79,"end":359.24},{"text":"in","start":359.32,"end":359.44},{"text":"plenary","start":359.47,"end":359.94},{"text":"both","start":360.54,"end":360.88},{"text":"in","start":360.92,"end":361.04},{"text":"terms","start":361.04,"end":361.44},{"text":"of","start":361.51,"end":361.69},{"text":"its","start":361.71,"end":361.96},{"text":"customary","start":361.96,"end":362.59},{"text":"status","start":362.59,"end":363.22},{"text":"and","start":363.61,"end":363.73},{"text":"to","start":363.73,"end":363.95},{"text":"its","start":363.95,"end":364.11},{"text":"conclusion","start":364.49,"end":365.1},{"text":"against","start":365.79,"end":366.24},{"text":"this","start":366.25,"end":366.45},{"text":"backdrop","start":366.46,"end":366.97},{"text":"draft","start":367.41,"end":367.76},{"text":"article","start":367.79,"end":368.21},{"text":"six","start":368.21,"end":368.68},{"text":"should","start":368.85,"end":369.15},{"text":"not","start":369.18,"end":369.6},{"text":"be","start":369.69,"end":369.8},{"text":"included","start":369.88,"end":370.33}]},{"text":"I now turn to general principles of law.","start":371.18,"end":373.9,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":371.18,"end":371.25},{"text":"now","start":371.26,"end":371.47},{"text":"turn","start":371.49,"end":371.74},{"text":"to","start":371.75,"end":371.95},{"text":"general","start":372.05,"end":372.52},{"text":"principles","start":372.85,"end":373.5},{"text":"of","start":373.51,"end":373.67},{"text":"law","start":373.68,"end":373.9}]},{"text":"Singapore wishes to share its views on four of the draft conclusions as adopted on second reading first on draft article on draft conclusion seven.","start":374.64,"end":385.55,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Singapore","start":374.64,"end":375.13},{"text":"wishes","start":375.13,"end":375.58},{"text":"to","start":375.58,"end":375.69},{"text":"share","start":375.69,"end":375.95},{"text":"its","start":375.95,"end":376.16},{"text":"views","start":376.16,"end":376.57},{"text":"on","start":376.63,"end":376.78},{"text":"four","start":376.79,"end":377.05},{"text":"of","start":377.06,"end":377.15},{"text":"the","start":377.15,"end":377.25},{"text":"draft","start":377.25,"end":377.46},{"text":"conclusions","start":377.6,"end":378.37},{"text":"as","start":378.72,"end":378.97},{"text":"adopted","start":379.03,"end":379.61},{"text":"on","start":379.67,"end":379.78},{"text":"second","start":379.79,"end":380.23},{"text":"reading","start":380.25,"end":380.67},{"text":"first","start":381.72,"end":382.2},{"text":"on","start":382.55,"end":382.67},{"text":"draft","start":382.67,"end":382.99},{"text":"article","start":383.03,"end":383.45},{"text":"on","start":384.17,"end":384.28},{"text":"draft","start":384.28,"end":384.55},{"text":"conclusion","start":384.55,"end":385.11},{"text":"seven","start":385.12,"end":385.55}]},{"text":"We are pleased to note that the corresponding commentary refines the methodology for identifying in general principles of law formed within the international legal system.","start":386.07,"end":396.86,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":386.07,"end":386.19},{"text":"are","start":386.19,"end":386.24},{"text":"pleased","start":386.25,"end":386.64},{"text":"to","start":386.65,"end":386.77},{"text":"note","start":386.77,"end":387.11},{"text":"that","start":387.27,"end":387.4},{"text":"the","start":387.4,"end":387.45},{"text":"corresponding","start":387.45,"end":388.23},{"text":"commentary","start":388.23,"end":388.85},{"text":"refines","start":389.27,"end":389.78},{"text":"the","start":389.79,"end":389.91},{"text":"methodology","start":389.92,"end":390.77},{"text":"for","start":390.77,"end":390.93},{"text":"identifying","start":391.29,"end":392.04},{"text":"in","start":392.2,"end":392.31},{"text":"general","start":392.33,"end":392.76},{"text":"principles","start":392.76,"end":393.35},{"text":"of","start":393.37,"end":393.54},{"text":"law","start":393.55,"end":393.81},{"text":"formed","start":394.3,"end":394.76},{"text":"within","start":394.77,"end":395.23},{"text":"the","start":395.25,"end":395.37},{"text":"international","start":395.41,"end":396.1},{"text":"legal","start":396.1,"end":396.38},{"text":"system","start":396.38,"end":396.86}]},{"text":"In particular, we support the clarification that recognition by the community of nations should be wide and representative and include the different regions of the world.","start":397.53,"end":408.03,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":397.53,"end":397.66},{"text":"particular","start":397.66,"end":398.28},{"text":"we","start":398.67,"end":398.77},{"text":"support","start":398.77,"end":399.28},{"text":"the","start":399.31,"end":399.43},{"text":"clarification","start":399.45,"end":400.35},{"text":"that","start":400.72,"end":400.85},{"text":"recognition","start":400.87,"end":401.59},{"text":"by","start":401.61,"end":401.74},{"text":"the","start":401.74,"end":401.81},{"text":"community","start":401.81,"end":402.49},{"text":"of","start":402.49,"end":402.6},{"text":"nations","start":402.61,"end":403.14},{"text":"should","start":403.34,"end":403.42},{"text":"be","start":403.59,"end":403.77},{"text":"wide","start":403.77,"end":404.24},{"text":"and","start":404.32,"end":404.42},{"text":"representative","start":404.42,"end":405.25},{"text":"and","start":405.7,"end":405.83},{"text":"include","start":405.83,"end":406.35},{"text":"the","start":406.39,"end":406.51},{"text":"different","start":406.52,"end":406.93},{"text":"regions","start":406.95,"end":407.48},{"text":"of","start":407.51,"end":407.63},{"text":"the","start":407.63,"end":407.73},{"text":"world","start":407.73,"end":408.03}]},{"text":"However, we reiterate that that there remains some difficulty with the term intrinsic as defined in the commentary to draft conclusion seven.","start":408.73,"end":419,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"However","start":408.73,"end":409.32},{"text":"we","start":409.71,"end":409.9},{"text":"reiterate","start":409.9,"end":410.58},{"text":"that","start":410.62,"end":411.31},{"text":"that","start":411.31,"end":411.47},{"text":"there","start":411.59,"end":411.81},{"text":"remains","start":411.83,"end":412.3},{"text":"some","start":412.35,"end":412.67},{"text":"difficulty","start":412.68,"end":413.39},{"text":"with","start":413.63,"end":413.8},{"text":"the","start":413.81,"end":413.89},{"text":"term","start":413.89,"end":414.27},{"text":"intrinsic","start":414.35,"end":415.19},{"text":"as","start":415.85,"end":416.1},{"text":"defined","start":416.11,"end":416.4},{"text":"in","start":416.7,"end":416.79},{"text":"the","start":416.79,"end":416.86},{"text":"commentary","start":416.86,"end":417.49},{"text":"to","start":417.5,"end":417.63},{"text":"draft","start":417.63,"end":417.94},{"text":"conclusion","start":417.98,"end":418.54},{"text":"seven","start":418.56,"end":419}]},{"text":"It remains unclear how the examples other than sovereign equality reflect or regulate the basic features of the international legal system.","start":419.62,"end":429.26,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":419.62,"end":419.71},{"text":"remains","start":419.73,"end":420.34},{"text":"unclear","start":420.4,"end":421.02},{"text":"how","start":421.47,"end":421.77},{"text":"the","start":421.78,"end":421.94},{"text":"examples","start":421.94,"end":422.67},{"text":"other","start":422.75,"end":422.88},{"text":"than","start":422.88,"end":423.26},{"text":"sovereign","start":423.28,"end":423.78},{"text":"equality","start":423.82,"end":424.55},{"text":"reflect","start":424.98,"end":425.58},{"text":"or","start":425.66,"end":425.75},{"text":"regulate","start":425.75,"end":426.37},{"text":"the","start":426.42,"end":426.52},{"text":"basic","start":426.53,"end":426.98},{"text":"features","start":426.98,"end":427.57},{"text":"of","start":427.63,"end":427.75},{"text":"the","start":427.76,"end":427.83},{"text":"international","start":427.85,"end":428.54},{"text":"legal","start":428.54,"end":428.81},{"text":"system","start":428.81,"end":429.26}]},{"text":"even if they may enjoy a degree of recognition as a general principle of law, we caution against conflating the recognition of a principles existence with recognition of it as being intrinsic to the international legal system.","start":429.87,"end":445.92,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"even","start":429.87,"end":430.21},{"text":"if","start":430.29,"end":430.44},{"text":"they","start":430.45,"end":430.56},{"text":"may","start":430.56,"end":430.76},{"text":"enjoy","start":430.78,"end":431.31},{"text":"a","start":431.65,"end":431.69},{"text":"degree","start":431.69,"end":432.08},{"text":"of","start":432.08,"end":432.24},{"text":"recognition","start":432.24,"end":432.93},{"text":"as","start":433.33,"end":433.44},{"text":"a","start":433.45,"end":433.53},{"text":"general","start":433.87,"end":434.36},{"text":"principle","start":434.48,"end":434.94},{"text":"of","start":434.94,"end":435.04},{"text":"law","start":435.06,"end":435.32},{"text":"we","start":435.92,"end":436.05},{"text":"caution","start":436.05,"end":436.55},{"text":"against","start":436.56,"end":436.97},{"text":"conflating","start":436.97,"end":437.68},{"text":"the","start":437.68,"end":437.76},{"text":"recognition","start":437.76,"end":438.44},{"text":"of","start":438.52,"end":438.65},{"text":"a","start":438.65,"end":438.69},{"text":"principles","start":438.69,"end":439.4},{"text":"existence","start":439.44,"end":440.17},{"text":"with","start":440.7,"end":440.96},{"text":"recognition","start":440.96,"end":441.66},{"text":"of","start":442.07,"end":442.24},{"text":"it","start":442.34,"end":442.6},{"text":"as","start":442.68,"end":442.82},{"text":"being","start":442.82,"end":443.14},{"text":"intrinsic","start":443.2,"end":443.91},{"text":"to","start":444.22,"end":444.34},{"text":"the","start":444.34,"end":444.42},{"text":"international","start":444.43,"end":445.14},{"text":"legal","start":445.14,"end":445.44},{"text":"system","start":445.44,"end":445.92}]},{"text":"Second, on draft conclusion ten, we support its updated commentary, which provides greater clarity on the examples cited.","start":446.98,"end":455.3,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Second","start":446.98,"end":447.38},{"text":"on","start":447.81,"end":447.93},{"text":"draft","start":447.94,"end":448.26},{"text":"conclusion","start":448.26,"end":448.83},{"text":"ten","start":448.83,"end":449.17},{"text":"we","start":449.58,"end":449.68},{"text":"support","start":449.68,"end":450.15},{"text":"its","start":450.22,"end":450.36},{"text":"updated","start":450.41,"end":451.05},{"text":"commentary","start":451.06,"end":451.69},{"text":"which","start":452.09,"end":452.37},{"text":"provides","start":452.91,"end":452.91},{"text":"greater","start":452.91,"end":453.39},{"text":"clarity","start":453.39,"end":454},{"text":"on","start":454.07,"end":454.18},{"text":"the","start":454.19,"end":454.22},{"text":"examples","start":454.22,"end":454.78},{"text":"cited","start":454.82,"end":455.3}]},{"text":"without definitively asserting whether they are indeed general principles of law.","start":455.67,"end":460.65,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"without","start":455.67,"end":456.25},{"text":"definitively","start":456.44,"end":457.32},{"text":"asserting","start":457.37,"end":457.88},{"text":"whether","start":457.88,"end":458.2},{"text":"they","start":458.21,"end":458.32},{"text":"are","start":458.32,"end":458.37},{"text":"indeed","start":458.37,"end":458.84},{"text":"general","start":459,"end":459.39},{"text":"principles","start":459.39,"end":460.27},{"text":"of","start":460.27,"end":460.36},{"text":"law","start":460.37,"end":460.65}]},{"text":"Third, on draft conclusion 11, we appreciate the committee's the commission's work in updating the commentary to delineate the distinction between general principles of law and customary international law and also articulate the relationship between them.","start":461.4,"end":478.56,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Third","start":461.4,"end":461.79},{"text":"on","start":462.15,"end":462.25},{"text":"draft","start":462.26,"end":462.56},{"text":"conclusion","start":462.57,"end":463.14},{"text":"11","start":463.2,"end":463.63},{"text":"we","start":464.01,"end":464.12},{"text":"appreciate","start":464.12,"end":464.74},{"text":"the","start":464.8,"end":464.88},{"text":"committee's","start":464.88,"end":465.5},{"text":"the","start":466.01,"end":466.08},{"text":"commission's","start":466.08,"end":466.68},{"text":"work","start":466.68,"end":467.04},{"text":"in","start":467.16,"end":467.33},{"text":"updating","start":467.34,"end":467.96},{"text":"the","start":467.96,"end":468.04},{"text":"commentary","start":468.06,"end":468.68},{"text":"to","start":469.14,"end":469.52},{"text":"delineate","start":469.58,"end":470.33},{"text":"the","start":470.35,"end":470.51},{"text":"distinction","start":470.54,"end":471.13},{"text":"between","start":471.14,"end":471.6},{"text":"general","start":471.66,"end":471.67},{"text":"principles","start":471.67,"end":472.67},{"text":"of","start":472.67,"end":472.82},{"text":"law","start":472.82,"end":473.1},{"text":"and","start":473.54,"end":473.68},{"text":"customary","start":473.7,"end":474.34},{"text":"international","start":474.45,"end":475.02},{"text":"law","start":475.02,"end":475.26},{"text":"and","start":475.81,"end":475.98},{"text":"also","start":476.19,"end":476.53},{"text":"articulate","start":476.53,"end":477.13},{"text":"the","start":477.18,"end":477.28},{"text":"relationship","start":477.3,"end":477.94},{"text":"between","start":477.94,"end":478.3},{"text":"them","start":478.3,"end":478.56}]},{"text":"Finally, on draft conclusion 12, we remain concerned, it should be made clear that this is an area in which the law is still developing.","start":479.18,"end":488.63,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Finally","start":479.18,"end":479.78},{"text":"on","start":479.83,"end":479.94},{"text":"draft","start":479.94,"end":480.22},{"text":"conclusion","start":480.23,"end":480.76},{"text":"12","start":480.78,"end":481.21},{"text":"we","start":481.6,"end":481.73},{"text":"remain","start":481.73,"end":482.16},{"text":"concerned","start":482.16,"end":482.79},{"text":"it","start":483.3,"end":483.4},{"text":"should","start":483.4,"end":483.68},{"text":"be","start":483.71,"end":483.86},{"text":"made","start":483.88,"end":484.16},{"text":"clear","start":484.16,"end":484.52},{"text":"that","start":484.93,"end":485.04},{"text":"this","start":485.04,"end":485.29},{"text":"is","start":485.29,"end":485.44},{"text":"an","start":485.44,"end":485.55},{"text":"area","start":485.61,"end":485.97},{"text":"in","start":486.02,"end":486.15},{"text":"which","start":486.16,"end":486.45},{"text":"the","start":486.46,"end":486.57},{"text":"law","start":486.57,"end":486.86},{"text":"is","start":486.93,"end":487.07},{"text":"still","start":487.07,"end":487.48},{"text":"developing","start":487.98,"end":488.63}]},{"text":"We reiterate that creating this new category which would appear to contradict draft conclusion five requiring the general principles be common to the various legal systems of the world.","start":489.29,"end":501.73,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":489.29,"end":489.47},{"text":"reiterate","start":489.47,"end":490.17},{"text":"that","start":490.28,"end":490.4},{"text":"creating","start":490.41,"end":491.01},{"text":"this","start":491.01,"end":491.27},{"text":"new","start":491.27,"end":491.49},{"text":"category","start":491.49,"end":492.11},{"text":"which","start":492.5,"end":492.72},{"text":"would","start":492.96,"end":493.17},{"text":"appear","start":493.17,"end":493.53},{"text":"to","start":493.56,"end":493.76},{"text":"contradict","start":493.81,"end":494.29},{"text":"draft","start":494.46,"end":494.84},{"text":"conclusion","start":494.91,"end":495.44},{"text":"five","start":495.46,"end":495.88},{"text":"requiring","start":496.39,"end":496.96},{"text":"the","start":497,"end":497.08},{"text":"general","start":497.48,"end":497.91},{"text":"principles","start":497.92,"end":498.58},{"text":"be","start":498.59,"end":498.71},{"text":"common","start":498.75,"end":499.18},{"text":"to","start":499.55,"end":499.65},{"text":"the","start":499.67,"end":499.76},{"text":"various","start":499.77,"end":500.27},{"text":"legal","start":500.35,"end":500.63},{"text":"systems","start":500.63,"end":501.21},{"text":"of","start":501.23,"end":501.36},{"text":"the","start":501.37,"end":501.44},{"text":"world","start":501.45,"end":501.73}]},{"text":"I turn finally to other decisions and conclude conclusions of the commission.","start":502.53,"end":506.66,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":502.53,"end":502.63},{"text":"turn","start":502.63,"end":502.95},{"text":"finally","start":502.95,"end":503.43},{"text":"to","start":503.43,"end":503.56},{"text":"other","start":503.63,"end":503.85},{"text":"decisions","start":503.87,"end":504.54},{"text":"and","start":504.6,"end":504.69},{"text":"conclude","start":504.69,"end":505.07},{"text":"conclusions","start":505.16,"end":505.91},{"text":"of","start":505.91,"end":506.03},{"text":"the","start":506.04,"end":506.11},{"text":"commission","start":506.11,"end":506.66}]},{"text":"Singapore notes with interest that the topic, the right to regulate in international investment law, has been included in the Commission's long term programme of work.","start":507.15,"end":515.97,"topics":[{"key":"investment-regulatory-rights","label":"Right to Regulate in International Investment Law","description":"Several delegations supported examining states’ right to regulate under international investment law. The proposed work would clarify legal uncertainties and the balance between investment protection, economic sovereignty and sustainable development."}],"words":[{"text":"Singapore","start":507.15,"end":507.57},{"text":"notes","start":507.57,"end":507.91},{"text":"with","start":507.91,"end":508.08},{"text":"interest","start":508.11,"end":508.57},{"text":"that","start":508.6,"end":508.69},{"text":"the","start":508.69,"end":508.78},{"text":"topic","start":508.78,"end":509.19},{"text":"the","start":509.61,"end":509.7},{"text":"right","start":509.72,"end":510.07},{"text":"to","start":510.09,"end":510.24},{"text":"regulate","start":510.24,"end":510.85},{"text":"in","start":510.91,"end":511.05},{"text":"international","start":511.1,"end":511.65},{"text":"investment","start":511.65,"end":512.17},{"text":"law","start":512.17,"end":512.45},{"text":"has","start":512.89,"end":513.05},{"text":"been","start":513.07,"end":513.13},{"text":"included","start":513.21,"end":513.74},{"text":"in","start":513.79,"end":513.88},{"text":"the","start":513.89,"end":513.92},{"text":"Commission's","start":513.92,"end":514.55},{"text":"long","start":514.59,"end":514.85},{"text":"term","start":514.87,"end":515.12},{"text":"programme","start":515.13,"end":515.57},{"text":"of","start":515.57,"end":515.67},{"text":"work","start":515.73,"end":515.97}]},{"text":"We agree that the work by the Commission could usefully contribute to greater clarity on the state of the law.","start":516.58,"end":523.47,"topics":[{"key":"investment-regulatory-rights","label":"Right to Regulate in International Investment Law","description":"Several delegations supported examining states’ right to regulate under international investment law. The proposed work would clarify legal uncertainties and the balance between investment protection, economic sovereignty and sustainable 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procedures of the Commission has made progress on proposals for improving the commission's working 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encourage the working group to finalize both its handbook and report at the 778 session of the commission.","start":535.05,"end":542.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":535.05,"end":535.18},{"text":"encourage","start":535.18,"end":535.91},{"text":"the","start":536.13,"end":536.21},{"text":"working","start":536.21,"end":536.54},{"text":"group","start":536.54,"end":536.79},{"text":"to","start":536.81,"end":536.93},{"text":"finalize","start":536.93,"end":537.61},{"text":"both","start":537.62,"end":538.01},{"text":"its","start":538.07,"end":538.25},{"text":"handbook","start":538.27,"end":538.65},{"text":"and","start":539.12,"end":539.21},{"text":"report","start":539.21,"end":539.74},{"text":"at","start":539.83,"end":539.93},{"text":"the","start":539.96,"end":540.01},{"text":"778","start":540.77,"end":541.41},{"text":"session","start":541.57,"end":542.04},{"text":"of","start":542.08,"end":542.19},{"text":"the","start":542.2,"end":542.25},{"text":"commission","start":542.26,"end":542.77}]},{"text":"Thank you madam chair.","start":543.17,"end":544.08,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":543.17,"end":543.41},{"text":"you","start":543.41,"end":543.53},{"text":"madam","start":543.55,"end":543.84},{"text":"chair","start":543.84,"end":544.08}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"SGP","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Singapore"}},{"statement_number":3,"start":546.53,"pageUrl":"/es/ga/c6/81/31?lang=floor&t=9:07","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Singapore for his statement.","start":546.53,"end":550.32,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":546.53,"end":546.66},{"text":"thank","start":546.66,"end":546.94},{"text":"the","start":546.94,"end":547.03},{"text":"distinguished","start":547.04,"end":547.55},{"text":"representative","start":547.56,"end":548.3},{"text":"of","start":548.3,"end":548.43},{"text":"Singapore","start":548.77,"end":549.15},{"text":"for","start":549.16,"end":549.36},{"text":"his","start":549.36,"end":549.47},{"text":"statement","start":549.51,"end":550.32}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Japan.","start":550.37,"end":553.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":550.37,"end":550.5},{"text":"now","start":550.5,"end":550.71},{"text":"give","start":550.71,"end":550.93},{"text":"the","start":550.93,"end":551.03},{"text":"floor","start":551.03,"end":551.25},{"text":"to","start":551.25,"end":551.36},{"text":"the","start":551.36,"end":551.46},{"text":"distinguished","start":551.47,"end":551.95},{"text":"representative","start":551.95,"end":552.64},{"text":"of","start":552.66,"end":552.85},{"text":"Japan","start":552.85,"end":553.27}]},{"text":"You have the floor sir.","start":553.91,"end":554.74,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":553.91,"end":553.99},{"text":"have","start":553.99,"end":554.15},{"text":"the","start":554.19,"end":554.27},{"text":"floor","start":554.27,"end":554.51},{"text":"sir","start":554.53,"end":554.74}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":4,"start":557.33,"pageUrl":"/es/ga/c6/81/31?lang=floor&t=9:18","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you madam chair.","start":557.33,"end":558.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":557.33,"end":557.39},{"text":"you","start":557.39,"end":557.47},{"text":"madam","start":557.48,"end":557.82},{"text":"chair","start":557.83,"end":558.19}]},{"text":"At the outset, on behalf of the delegation of Japan, I would like to extend our sincere congratulations on your assumption of the chair of the sixth committee.","start":558.99,"end":568.74,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":558.99,"end":559.12},{"text":"the","start":559.14,"end":559.2},{"text":"outset","start":559.26,"end":559.95},{"text":"on","start":560.25,"end":560.45},{"text":"behalf","start":560.45,"end":560.9},{"text":"of","start":560.9,"end":561.02},{"text":"the","start":561.02,"end":561.15},{"text":"delegation","start":561.17,"end":561.88},{"text":"of","start":561.89,"end":561.97},{"text":"Japan","start":561.98,"end":562.53},{"text":"I","start":562.73,"end":562.88},{"text":"would","start":562.89,"end":563.05},{"text":"like","start":563.07,"end":563.29},{"text":"to","start":563.29,"end":563.42},{"text":"extend","start":563.42,"end":563.85},{"text":"our","start":563.85,"end":563.97},{"text":"sincere","start":563.99,"end":564.53},{"text":"congratulations","start":564.53,"end":565.74},{"text":"on","start":565.89,"end":566.08},{"text":"your","start":566.08,"end":566.21},{"text":"assumption","start":566.21,"end":566.95},{"text":"of","start":567.02,"end":567.17},{"text":"the","start":567.18,"end":567.26},{"text":"chair","start":567.27,"end":567.66},{"text":"of","start":567.67,"end":567.77},{"text":"the","start":567.8,"end":567.88},{"text":"sixth","start":567.88,"end":568.28},{"text":"committee","start":568.29,"end":568.74}]},{"text":"Japan also appreciates the leadership of the chair of the International Law Commission, Mr. Andreas Mavroyiannis, as well as the contribution of all the special rapporteurs and the members of the commission.","start":569.74,"end":584,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Japan","start":569.74,"end":570.21},{"text":"also","start":570.25,"end":570.64},{"text":"appreciates","start":570.64,"end":571.33},{"text":"the","start":571.33,"end":571.45},{"text":"leadership","start":571.45,"end":572.08},{"text":"of","start":572.08,"end":572.17},{"text":"the","start":572.2,"end":572.29},{"text":"chair","start":572.29,"end":572.83},{"text":"of","start":572.88,"end":573.08},{"text":"the","start":573.12,"end":573.22},{"text":"International","start":573.22,"end":574},{"text":"Law","start":574.01,"end":574.2},{"text":"Commission","start":574.2,"end":574.84},{"text":"Mr","start":575.32,"end":575.78},{"text":"Andreas","start":575.8,"end":576.68},{"text":"Mavroyiannis","start":576.84,"end":578.21},{"text":"as","start":578.57,"end":578.74},{"text":"well","start":578.74,"end":579.02},{"text":"as","start":579.02,"end":579.27},{"text":"the","start":579.31,"end":579.44},{"text":"contribution","start":579.44,"end":580.4},{"text":"of","start":580.4,"end":580.69},{"text":"all","start":580.72,"end":580.96},{"text":"the","start":580.96,"end":581.06},{"text":"special","start":581.08,"end":581.52},{"text":"rapporteurs","start":581.52,"end":582.33},{"text":"and","start":582.42,"end":582.65},{"text":"the","start":582.65,"end":582.72},{"text":"members","start":582.72,"end":583.27},{"text":"of","start":583.27,"end":583.37},{"text":"the","start":583.4,"end":583.47},{"text":"commission","start":583.48,"end":584}]},{"text":"At a time when the international community is living through difficult challenges, the necessity of upholding the rule of law is greater than 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stance is resolute and unshakeable establishing the rule of law is of great importance in achieving and maintaining international peace and prosperity.","start":596.05,"end":606.84,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Japan's","start":596.05,"end":596.45},{"text":"stance","start":596.45,"end":596.93},{"text":"is","start":596.93,"end":597.1},{"text":"resolute","start":597.79,"end":597.79},{"text":"and","start":597.86,"end":598.07},{"text":"unshakeable","start":598.08,"end":598.92},{"text":"establishing","start":599.61,"end":600.3},{"text":"the","start":600.31,"end":600.4},{"text":"rule","start":600.4,"end":600.65},{"text":"of","start":600.65,"end":600.82},{"text":"law","start":600.82,"end":601.12},{"text":"is","start":601.2,"end":601.39},{"text":"of","start":601.39,"end":601.48},{"text":"great","start":601.49,"end":601.88},{"text":"importance","start":601.91,"end":602.68},{"text":"in","start":603.01,"end":603.16},{"text":"achieving","start":603.19,"end":603.88},{"text":"and","start":604.12,"end":604.46},{"text":"maintaining","start":604.52,"end":605.14},{"text":"international","start":605.16,"end":605.87},{"text":"peace","start":605.92,"end":606.2},{"text":"and","start":606.2,"end":606.31},{"text":"prosperity","start":606.84,"end":606.84}]},{"text":"Before moving on to specific topics, Japan welcomes the Commission's decision to include the identification and its legal consequence of obligations erga omnes in international law in its program of work, and to appoint Doctor Asada Masahiko as the special rapporteur, which we believe was done in a timely manner.","start":608.56,"end":631.27,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, state responsibility and countermeasures in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"Before","start":608.56,"end":609.08},{"text":"moving","start":609.52,"end":610.04},{"text":"on","start":610.08,"end":610.3},{"text":"to","start":610.32,"end":610.44},{"text":"specific","start":610.44,"end":611.04},{"text":"topics","start":611.06,"end":611.71},{"text":"Japan","start":612.09,"end":612.54},{"text":"welcomes","start":612.54,"end":613.19},{"text":"the","start":613.26,"end":613.37},{"text":"Commission's","start":613.37,"end":613.94},{"text":"decision","start":613.94,"end":614.58},{"text":"to","start":614.63,"end":614.81},{"text":"include","start":614.81,"end":615.36},{"text":"the","start":615.58,"end":615.66},{"text":"identification","start":615.7,"end":616.73},{"text":"and","start":616.73,"end":616.88},{"text":"its","start":616.88,"end":617.11},{"text":"legal","start":617.11,"end":617.5},{"text":"consequence","start":617.5,"end":618.25},{"text":"of","start":618.25,"end":618.4},{"text":"obligations","start":618.41,"end":619.28},{"text":"erga","start":619.33,"end":619.72},{"text":"omnes","start":619.72,"end":620.33},{"text":"in","start":620.42,"end":620.63},{"text":"international","start":620.66,"end":621.46},{"text":"law","start":621.46,"end":621.78},{"text":"in","start":622.27,"end":622.46},{"text":"its","start":622.46,"end":622.64},{"text":"program","start":622.65,"end":623.18},{"text":"of","start":623.18,"end":623.26},{"text":"work","start":623.3,"end":623.77},{"text":"and","start":624.22,"end":624.41},{"text":"to","start":624.41,"end":624.53},{"text":"appoint","start":624.53,"end":624.92},{"text":"Doctor","start":624.92,"end":625.36},{"text":"Asada","start":625.36,"end":625.78},{"text":"Masahiko","start":625.79,"end":626.53},{"text":"as","start":626.6,"end":626.79},{"text":"the","start":626.8,"end":626.9},{"text":"special","start":626.9,"end":627.41},{"text":"rapporteur","start":627.44,"end":628.04},{"text":"which","start":628.6,"end":628.84},{"text":"we","start":628.84,"end":628.99},{"text":"believe","start":629,"end":629.56},{"text":"was","start":629.64,"end":629.86},{"text":"done","start":629.86,"end":630.17},{"text":"in","start":630.18,"end":630.32},{"text":"a","start":630.32,"end":630.38},{"text":"timely","start":630.38,"end":630.85},{"text":"manner","start":630.85,"end":631.27}]},{"text":"Japan hopes that the commission will have in depth discussions on this issue and give awaited clarifications.","start":631.96,"end":638.8,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, state responsibility and countermeasures in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"Japan","start":631.96,"end":632.4},{"text":"hopes","start":632.42,"end":632.89},{"text":"that","start":633.16,"end":633.4},{"text":"the","start":633.43,"end":633.52},{"text":"commission","start":633.52,"end":634.06},{"text":"will","start":634.06,"end":634.25},{"text":"have","start":634.25,"end":634.49},{"text":"in","start":634.56,"end":634.78},{"text":"depth","start":634.8,"end":635.1},{"text":"discussions","start":635.11,"end":635.77},{"text":"on","start":635.77,"end":635.92},{"text":"this","start":635.92,"end":636.15},{"text":"issue","start":636.15,"end":636.63},{"text":"and","start":636.68,"end":636.88},{"text":"give","start":636.88,"end":637.08},{"text":"awaited","start":637.15,"end":637.71},{"text":"clarifications","start":637.71,"end":638.8}]},{"text":"Now I would like to turn to immunity of state officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction.","start":640.03,"end":645.75,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":640.03,"end":640.55},{"text":"I","start":640.66,"end":640.82},{"text":"would","start":640.82,"end":640.98},{"text":"like","start":640.98,"end":641.19},{"text":"to","start":641.23,"end":641.31},{"text":"turn","start":641.31,"end":641.67},{"text":"to","start":641.7,"end":642.06},{"text":"immunity","start":642.14,"end":642.74},{"text":"of","start":642.74,"end":642.83},{"text":"state","start":642.83,"end":643.17},{"text":"officials","start":643.17,"end":643.9},{"text":"from","start":643.99,"end":644.2},{"text":"foreign","start":644.2,"end":644.62},{"text":"criminal","start":644.62,"end":645.03},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":645.03,"end":645.75}]},{"text":"Japan welcomes the commission's completion of the second reading with the draft articles adopted.","start":646.65,"end":652.55,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Japan","start":646.65,"end":647.09},{"text":"welcomes","start":647.11,"end":647.71},{"text":"the","start":647.75,"end":647.84},{"text":"commission's","start":647.84,"end":648.44},{"text":"completion","start":648.44,"end":649.19},{"text":"of","start":649.19,"end":649.31},{"text":"the","start":649.31,"end":649.43},{"text":"second","start":649.43,"end":649.9},{"text":"reading","start":649.93,"end":650.37},{"text":"with","start":650.41,"end":650.57},{"text":"the","start":650.57,"end":650.67},{"text":"draft","start":650.69,"end":651.2},{"text":"articles","start":651.21,"end":651.84},{"text":"adopted","start":651.84,"end":652.55}]},{"text":"We express our deep respect for the tireless efforts of the Commission particularly the special rapporteur in reaching this stage achieving a common understanding of immunity in international law is extremely important, and the commission has played a significant role to this end regarding the exceptions to immunity rationa materia, this remains one of the most highly debated issues drawing significant interest and concern from the international community.","start":653.44,"end":685.3,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":653.44,"end":653.6},{"text":"express","start":653.6,"end":654.28},{"text":"our","start":654.37,"end":654.53},{"text":"deep","start":654.53,"end":654.9},{"text":"respect","start":654.92,"end":655.33},{"text":"for","start":655.37,"end":655.53},{"text":"the","start":655.53,"end":655.62},{"text":"tireless","start":655.62,"end":656.2},{"text":"efforts","start":656.21,"end":656.68},{"text":"of","start":656.68,"end":656.77},{"text":"the","start":656.81,"end":656.89},{"text":"Commission","start":656.89,"end":657.53},{"text":"particularly","start":658.07,"end":658.79},{"text":"the","start":658.81,"end":658.93},{"text":"special","start":658.94,"end":659.45},{"text":"rapporteur","start":659.49,"end":660.11},{"text":"in","start":660.41,"end":660.57},{"text":"reaching","start":660.61,"end":661.18},{"text":"this","start":661.25,"end":661.58},{"text":"stage","start":661.68,"end":662.33},{"text":"achieving","start":662.81,"end":663.39},{"text":"a","start":663.39,"end":663.44},{"text":"common","start":663.44,"end":663.93},{"text":"understanding","start":663.93,"end":664.81},{"text":"of","start":664.83,"end":664.96},{"text":"immunity","start":664.96,"end":665.61},{"text":"in","start":665.61,"end":665.71},{"text":"international","start":665.72,"end":666.55},{"text":"law","start":666.55,"end":666.87},{"text":"is","start":666.88,"end":667.1},{"text":"extremely","start":667.11,"end":667.75},{"text":"important","start":667.79,"end":668.43},{"text":"and","start":668.96,"end":669.12},{"text":"the","start":669.13,"end":669.2},{"text":"commission","start":669.2,"end":669.88},{"text":"has","start":669.91,"end":670.12},{"text":"played","start":670.12,"end":670.47},{"text":"a","start":670.47,"end":670.52},{"text":"significant","start":670.52,"end":671.35},{"text":"role","start":671.37,"end":671.67},{"text":"to","start":671.68,"end":671.87},{"text":"this","start":671.88,"end":672.13},{"text":"end","start":672.13,"end":672.44},{"text":"regarding","start":673.23,"end":673.85},{"text":"the","start":673.87,"end":673.93},{"text":"exceptions","start":673.94,"end":674.66},{"text":"to","start":674.67,"end":674.82},{"text":"immunity","start":674.82,"end":675.37},{"text":"rationa","start":675.39,"end":675.99},{"text":"materia","start":676.06,"end":676.66},{"text":"this","start":677.33,"end":677.62},{"text":"remains","start":677.63,"end":678.15},{"text":"one","start":678.15,"end":678.41},{"text":"of","start":678.41,"end":678.5},{"text":"the","start":678.5,"end":678.61},{"text":"most","start":678.61,"end":679.11},{"text":"highly","start":679.13,"end":679.58},{"text":"debated","start":679.58,"end":680.15},{"text":"issues","start":680.15,"end":680.7},{"text":"drawing","start":681.05,"end":681.47},{"text":"significant","start":681.49,"end":682.29},{"text":"interest","start":682.33,"end":682.85},{"text":"and","start":682.85,"end":682.97},{"text":"concern","start":682.97,"end":683.53},{"text":"from","start":683.53,"end":683.81},{"text":"the","start":683.83,"end":683.9},{"text":"international","start":683.9,"end":684.7},{"text":"community","start":684.7,"end":685.3}]},{"text":"Japan notes that a proposal regarding the scope of these exceptions is now present for inclusion in draft article six of the adopted text.","start":686.09,"end":695.99,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Japan","start":686.09,"end":686.49},{"text":"notes","start":686.57,"end":687.12},{"text":"that","start":687.43,"end":687.68},{"text":"a","start":687.68,"end":687.73},{"text":"proposal","start":687.74,"end":688.43},{"text":"regarding","start":688.43,"end":688.94},{"text":"the","start":688.94,"end":689.02},{"text":"scope","start":689.03,"end":689.49},{"text":"of","start":689.49,"end":689.56},{"text":"these","start":689.59,"end":689.96},{"text":"exceptions","start":689.96,"end":690.72},{"text":"is","start":690.72,"end":690.88},{"text":"now","start":690.88,"end":691.26},{"text":"present","start":691.27,"end":691.83},{"text":"for","start":691.84,"end":692.06},{"text":"inclusion","start":692.06,"end":692.79},{"text":"in","start":693.12,"end":693.27},{"text":"draft","start":693.28,"end":693.76},{"text":"article","start":693.79,"end":694.23},{"text":"six","start":694.24,"end":694.66},{"text":"of","start":694.73,"end":694.87},{"text":"the","start":694.87,"end":694.97},{"text":"adopted","start":694.97,"end":695.47},{"text":"text","start":695.47,"end":695.99}]},{"text":"With respect to the crimes listed in this article, Japan considers that they represent a mixture of two different legal statuses, those already accepted by many states and reflected in specific treaties, and those that should be properly positioned as the progressive development of international law.","start":696.9,"end":717.14,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"With","start":696.9,"end":697.08},{"text":"respect","start":697.08,"end":697.6},{"text":"to","start":697.63,"end":697.71},{"text":"the","start":697.72,"end":697.79},{"text":"crimes","start":697.79,"end":698.36},{"text":"listed","start":698.36,"end":698.82},{"text":"in","start":698.82,"end":698.95},{"text":"this","start":698.95,"end":699.17},{"text":"article","start":699.17,"end":699.75},{"text":"Japan","start":700.25,"end":700.65},{"text":"considers","start":700.66,"end":701.3},{"text":"that","start":701.35,"end":701.55},{"text":"they","start":701.58,"end":701.83},{"text":"represent","start":701.83,"end":702.43},{"text":"a","start":702.43,"end":702.46},{"text":"mixture","start":702.46,"end":703.11},{"text":"of","start":703.12,"end":703.25},{"text":"two","start":703.26,"end":703.56},{"text":"different","start":703.57,"end":704.07},{"text":"legal","start":704.07,"end":704.39},{"text":"statuses","start":704.41,"end":705.24},{"text":"those","start":705.88,"end":706.38},{"text":"already","start":706.45,"end":707},{"text":"accepted","start":707,"end":707.53},{"text":"by","start":707.57,"end":707.73},{"text":"many","start":707.73,"end":708.11},{"text":"states","start":708.11,"end":708.56},{"text":"and","start":708.57,"end":708.69},{"text":"reflected","start":708.69,"end":709.34},{"text":"in","start":709.36,"end":709.48},{"text":"specific","start":709.48,"end":710.07},{"text":"treaties","start":710.09,"end":710.78},{"text":"and","start":711.46,"end":711.64},{"text":"those","start":711.65,"end":712.12},{"text":"that","start":712.33,"end":712.57},{"text":"should","start":712.57,"end":712.85},{"text":"be","start":712.85,"end":713},{"text":"properly","start":713.01,"end":713.61},{"text":"positioned","start":713.61,"end":714.28},{"text":"as","start":714.33,"end":714.53},{"text":"the","start":714.56,"end":714.64},{"text":"progressive","start":714.65,"end":715.35},{"text":"development","start":715.36,"end":715.96},{"text":"of","start":715.96,"end":716.08},{"text":"international","start":716.09,"end":716.89},{"text":"law","start":716.89,"end":717.14}]},{"text":"Japan believes that this point should be duly taken into account in future relevant discussions.","start":717.88,"end":724.03,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Japan","start":717.88,"end":718.28},{"text":"believes","start":718.28,"end":718.84},{"text":"that","start":719.06,"end":719.21},{"text":"this","start":719.24,"end":719.53},{"text":"point","start":719.53,"end":719.82},{"text":"should","start":719.82,"end":720.04},{"text":"be","start":720.04,"end":720.17},{"text":"duly","start":720.17,"end":720.54},{"text":"taken","start":720.56,"end":720.96},{"text":"into","start":720.96,"end":721.24},{"text":"account","start":721.24,"end":721.59},{"text":"in","start":721.6,"end":721.71},{"text":"future","start":722.36,"end":722.76},{"text":"relevant","start":722.77,"end":723.28},{"text":"discussions","start":723.28,"end":724.03}]},{"text":"Furthermore, Japan underscores the importance of part four of the draft articles, which addresses procedural provisions and safeguards.","start":724.94,"end":734.54,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore","start":724.94,"end":725.61},{"text":"Japan","start":726.08,"end":726.63},{"text":"underscores","start":726.67,"end":727.51},{"text":"the","start":727.53,"end":727.63},{"text":"importance","start":727.64,"end":727.97},{"text":"of","start":728.23,"end":728.3},{"text":"part","start":728.31,"end":728.7},{"text":"four","start":728.7,"end":729.16},{"text":"of","start":729.24,"end":729.38},{"text":"the","start":729.39,"end":729.51},{"text":"draft","start":729.54,"end":729.97},{"text":"articles","start":729.97,"end":730.62},{"text":"which","start":731.06,"end":731.33},{"text":"addresses","start":731.33,"end":732.06},{"text":"procedural","start":732.2,"end":732.93},{"text":"provisions","start":732.94,"end":733.66},{"text":"and","start":733.66,"end":733.81},{"text":"safeguards","start":733.81,"end":734.54}]},{"text":"It is a fundamental principle of international law that immunity, particularly that of the troika inherently exists and should be respected even without being explicitly invoked by the state concerned.","start":735.1,"end":748.72,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":735.1,"end":735.24},{"text":"is","start":735.24,"end":735.45},{"text":"a","start":735.45,"end":735.52},{"text":"fundamental","start":735.52,"end":736.33},{"text":"principle","start":736.34,"end":736.88},{"text":"of","start":736.88,"end":737.01},{"text":"international","start":737.01,"end":737.75},{"text":"law","start":737.75,"end":738.02},{"text":"that","start":738.03,"end":738.26},{"text":"immunity","start":738.29,"end":739.09},{"text":"particularly","start":739.62,"end":740.34},{"text":"that","start":740.34,"end":740.62},{"text":"of","start":740.62,"end":740.74},{"text":"the","start":740.75,"end":740.85},{"text":"troika","start":740.86,"end":741.53},{"text":"inherently","start":741.81,"end":742.6},{"text":"exists","start":742.64,"end":743.15},{"text":"and","start":743.15,"end":743.25},{"text":"should","start":743.25,"end":743.62},{"text":"be","start":743.63,"end":743.8},{"text":"respected","start":743.8,"end":744.53},{"text":"even","start":744.9,"end":745.28},{"text":"without","start":745.29,"end":745.64},{"text":"being","start":745.68,"end":745.97},{"text":"explicitly","start":745.99,"end":746.84},{"text":"invoked","start":746.86,"end":747.38},{"text":"by","start":747.4,"end":747.62},{"text":"the","start":747.62,"end":747.72},{"text":"state","start":747.72,"end":748.04},{"text":"concerned","start":748.08,"end":748.72}]},{"text":"Therefore, the judicial procedures to be followed when such acceptance exceptions are applied, as well as the specific processes for waivers, must be clearly and precisely defined to ensure legal certainty and prevent political abuse.","start":749.44,"end":764.98,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore","start":749.44,"end":750.15},{"text":"the","start":750.74,"end":750.84},{"text":"judicial","start":750.85,"end":751.4},{"text":"procedures","start":751.4,"end":752.05},{"text":"to","start":752.05,"end":752.19},{"text":"be","start":752.19,"end":752.31},{"text":"followed","start":752.31,"end":752.88},{"text":"when","start":752.92,"end":753.17},{"text":"such","start":753.17,"end":753.53},{"text":"acceptance","start":753.53,"end":753.93},{"text":"exceptions","start":753.93,"end":754.2},{"text":"are","start":754.2,"end":754.32},{"text":"applied","start":754.33,"end":754.95},{"text":"as","start":755.36,"end":755.5},{"text":"well","start":755.5,"end":755.72},{"text":"as","start":755.72,"end":755.87},{"text":"the","start":755.87,"end":755.99},{"text":"specific","start":755.99,"end":756.63},{"text":"processes","start":756.68,"end":757.3},{"text":"for","start":757.3,"end":757.46},{"text":"waivers","start":757.47,"end":758.18},{"text":"must","start":758.54,"end":758.78},{"text":"be","start":758.78,"end":758.92},{"text":"clearly","start":758.92,"end":759.68},{"text":"and","start":759.74,"end":759.87},{"text":"precisely","start":759.87,"end":760.62},{"text":"defined","start":760.62,"end":761.15},{"text":"to","start":761.15,"end":761.29},{"text":"ensure","start":761.29,"end":761.66},{"text":"legal","start":761.66,"end":762.07},{"text":"certainty","start":762.07,"end":762.8},{"text":"and","start":763.18,"end":763.39},{"text":"prevent","start":763.41,"end":763.9},{"text":"political","start":763.91,"end":764.46},{"text":"abuse","start":764.46,"end":764.98}]},{"text":"Lastly, we have witnessed state practice which may indicate states current understanding of immunity ratione materie per person a and immunity ratione materie.","start":765.66,"end":777.45,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Lastly","start":765.66,"end":766.4},{"text":"we","start":766.79,"end":766.91},{"text":"have","start":766.99,"end":767.17},{"text":"witnessed","start":767.17,"end":767.68},{"text":"state","start":767.72,"end":768.08},{"text":"practice","start":768.16,"end":768.72},{"text":"which","start":768.72,"end":768.95},{"text":"may","start":768.96,"end":769.18},{"text":"indicate","start":769.18,"end":769.7},{"text":"states","start":769.72,"end":770.13},{"text":"current","start":770.16,"end":770.64},{"text":"understanding","start":770.64,"end":770.66},{"text":"of","start":770.66,"end":771.68},{"text":"immunity","start":771.71,"end":772.36},{"text":"ratione","start":772.36,"end":773.01},{"text":"materie","start":773.02,"end":773.6},{"text":"per","start":773.74,"end":773.98},{"text":"person","start":774.32,"end":774.74},{"text":"a","start":774.76,"end":774.94},{"text":"and","start":775.45,"end":775.66},{"text":"immunity","start":775.66,"end":776.26},{"text":"ratione","start":776.27,"end":776.82},{"text":"materie","start":776.84,"end":777.45}]},{"text":"Japan stresses the need to search for relevant state practice and jurisprudence relating to the immunity of state officials.","start":778.23,"end":785.74,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Japan","start":778.23,"end":778.65},{"text":"stresses","start":778.66,"end":779.27},{"text":"the","start":779.3,"end":779.4},{"text":"need","start":779.4,"end":779.89},{"text":"to","start":779.94,"end":780.12},{"text":"search","start":780.12,"end":780.64},{"text":"for","start":780.64,"end":780.82},{"text":"relevant","start":780.82,"end":781.3},{"text":"state","start":781.3,"end":781.62},{"text":"practice","start":781.62,"end":782.28},{"text":"and","start":782.32,"end":782.48},{"text":"jurisprudence","start":782.48,"end":783.4},{"text":"relating","start":783.41,"end":783.89},{"text":"to","start":783.9,"end":784.03},{"text":"the","start":784.04,"end":784.1},{"text":"immunity","start":784.1,"end":784.66},{"text":"of","start":784.66,"end":784.75},{"text":"state","start":784.78,"end":785.07},{"text":"officials","start":785.09,"end":785.74}]},{"text":"Japan expresses its commitment to further efforts to combat impunity for the most serious crimes of concern to the international community, and to strengthen the rule of law through building consensus as much as possible.","start":786.79,"end":800.99,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Japan","start":786.79,"end":787.22},{"text":"expresses","start":787.22,"end":787.92},{"text":"its","start":787.93,"end":788.08},{"text":"commitment","start":788.09,"end":788.8},{"text":"to","start":788.82,"end":789.01},{"text":"further","start":789.01,"end":789.66},{"text":"efforts","start":789.78,"end":790.31},{"text":"to","start":790.31,"end":790.42},{"text":"combat","start":790.43,"end":791},{"text":"impunity","start":791,"end":791.74},{"text":"for","start":792.07,"end":792.23},{"text":"the","start":792.23,"end":792.34},{"text":"most","start":792.34,"end":792.7},{"text":"serious","start":792.7,"end":792.86},{"text":"crimes","start":793.13,"end":793.6},{"text":"of","start":793.61,"end":793.71},{"text":"concern","start":793.71,"end":794.3},{"text":"to","start":794.31,"end":794.47},{"text":"the","start":794.47,"end":794.55},{"text":"international","start":794.55,"end":795.28},{"text":"community","start":795.29,"end":795.9},{"text":"and","start":796.47,"end":796.65},{"text":"to","start":796.65,"end":796.77},{"text":"strengthen","start":796.77,"end":797.44},{"text":"the","start":797.44,"end":797.53},{"text":"rule","start":797.53,"end":797.81},{"text":"of","start":797.81,"end":797.97},{"text":"law","start":797.97,"end":798.21},{"text":"through","start":798.29,"end":798.61},{"text":"building","start":798.61,"end":799.08},{"text":"consensus","start":799.09,"end":799.8},{"text":"as","start":799.81,"end":799.93},{"text":"much","start":799.93,"end":800.25},{"text":"as","start":800.25,"end":800.37},{"text":"possible","start":800.38,"end":800.99}]},{"text":"To this end, Japan remains fully committed to actively participating in relevant discussions to ensure balanced, stable, and effective framework that can enjoy the widest possible support among states.","start":801.65,"end":815.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":801.65,"end":801.85},{"text":"this","start":801.86,"end":802.13},{"text":"end","start":802.13,"end":802.46},{"text":"Japan","start":802.81,"end":803.28},{"text":"remains","start":803.29,"end":803.75},{"text":"fully","start":803.76,"end":804.07},{"text":"committed","start":804.09,"end":804.57},{"text":"to","start":804.57,"end":804.74},{"text":"actively","start":804.74,"end":805.41},{"text":"participating","start":805.41,"end":805.86},{"text":"in","start":806.33,"end":806.43},{"text":"relevant","start":806.43,"end":806.95},{"text":"discussions","start":806.95,"end":807.6},{"text":"to","start":807.63,"end":807.74},{"text":"ensure","start":807.74,"end":808.09},{"text":"balanced","start":808.11,"end":808.85},{"text":"stable","start":809.24,"end":809.88},{"text":"and","start":810.31,"end":810.43},{"text":"effective","start":810.43,"end":811.03},{"text":"framework","start":811.03,"end":811.55},{"text":"that","start":811.6,"end":811.79},{"text":"can","start":811.8,"end":812.05},{"text":"enjoy","start":812.05,"end":812.55},{"text":"the","start":812.55,"end":812.65},{"text":"widest","start":812.67,"end":813.19},{"text":"possible","start":813.19,"end":813.74},{"text":"support","start":813.75,"end":814.29},{"text":"among","start":814.29,"end":814.52},{"text":"states","start":814.52,"end":815.15}]},{"text":"As for general principles of law, Japan takes note of the adoption of the entire set of draft conclusions and commentaries thereto Japan highlights the relevance of the draft conclusion two and the second commentary to draft.","start":816.26,"end":831.52,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":816.26,"end":816.5},{"text":"for","start":816.53,"end":816.71},{"text":"general","start":816.72,"end":817.27},{"text":"principles","start":817.29,"end":817.91},{"text":"of","start":817.91,"end":818.03},{"text":"law","start":818.04,"end":818.39},{"text":"Japan","start":818.96,"end":819.39},{"text":"takes","start":819.41,"end":819.78},{"text":"note","start":819.78,"end":820.14},{"text":"of","start":820.17,"end":820.35},{"text":"the","start":820.35,"end":820.49},{"text":"adoption","start":820.49,"end":821.05},{"text":"of","start":821.05,"end":821.14},{"text":"the","start":821.17,"end":821.33},{"text":"entire","start":821.33,"end":821.88},{"text":"set","start":821.88,"end":822.17},{"text":"of","start":822.17,"end":822.29},{"text":"draft","start":822.29,"end":822.65},{"text":"conclusions","start":822.67,"end":823.48},{"text":"and","start":823.48,"end":823.59},{"text":"commentaries","start":823.61,"end":824.48},{"text":"thereto","start":824.49,"end":824.93},{"text":"Japan","start":825.85,"end":826.31},{"text":"highlights","start":826.33,"end":826.85},{"text":"the","start":826.86,"end":826.97},{"text":"relevance","start":826.97,"end":827.53},{"text":"of","start":827.53,"end":827.62},{"text":"the","start":827.65,"end":827.73},{"text":"draft","start":827.74,"end":828.12},{"text":"conclusion","start":828.12,"end":828.75},{"text":"two","start":828.75,"end":829.15},{"text":"and","start":829.5,"end":829.65},{"text":"the","start":829.65,"end":829.73},{"text":"second","start":829.73,"end":830.19},{"text":"commentary","start":830.21,"end":830.92},{"text":"to","start":830.97,"end":831.11},{"text":"draft","start":831.13,"end":831.52}]},{"text":"conclusion six.","start":831.53,"end":832.59,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"conclusion","start":831.53,"end":832.11},{"text":"six","start":832.13,"end":832.59}]},{"text":"The former states that for a general principle of law to exist, it must be recognized by the community of nations, and the latter states that transposition does not occur in an automatic fashion with regard to the second category of general principles of law that may be formed within the international legal system, Japan notes that divergence of views in quite a few respects among the members of the commission or states, as well as the opaque distinction between general principles of law and customary international law, while the wording of draft conclusion three seemingly differentiates the legal character of the two categories.","start":833.39,"end":876.18,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":833.39,"end":833.48},{"text":"former","start":833.48,"end":833.91},{"text":"states","start":833.91,"end":834.52},{"text":"that","start":834.99,"end":835.32},{"text":"for","start":835.59,"end":835.82},{"text":"a","start":835.82,"end":835.89},{"text":"general","start":835.91,"end":836.35},{"text":"principle","start":836.36,"end":836.91},{"text":"of","start":836.93,"end":837.05},{"text":"law","start":837.05,"end":837.24},{"text":"to","start":837.25,"end":837.35},{"text":"exist","start":837.35,"end":837.89},{"text":"it","start":838.06,"end":838.25},{"text":"must","start":838.26,"end":838.53},{"text":"be","start":838.55,"end":838.67},{"text":"recognized","start":838.69,"end":839.44},{"text":"by","start":839.47,"end":839.68},{"text":"the","start":839.68,"end":839.77},{"text":"community","start":839.79,"end":840.39},{"text":"of","start":840.4,"end":840.52},{"text":"nations","start":840.53,"end":841.27},{"text":"and","start":841.67,"end":841.8},{"text":"the","start":841.81,"end":841.91},{"text":"latter","start":841.91,"end":842.35},{"text":"states","start":842.35,"end":842.9},{"text":"that","start":843.04,"end":843.23},{"text":"transposition","start":843.24,"end":844.11},{"text":"does","start":844.11,"end":844.31},{"text":"not","start":844.31,"end":844.55},{"text":"occur","start":844.55,"end":844.8},{"text":"in","start":845.13,"end":845.31},{"text":"an","start":845.31,"end":845.45},{"text":"automatic","start":845.45,"end":846.13},{"text":"fashion","start":846.17,"end":846.65},{"text":"with","start":847.46,"end":847.69},{"text":"regard","start":847.69,"end":848.15},{"text":"to","start":848.17,"end":848.31},{"text":"the","start":848.31,"end":848.42},{"text":"second","start":848.42,"end":848.87},{"text":"category","start":848.87,"end":849.48},{"text":"of","start":849.48,"end":849.61},{"text":"general","start":849.61,"end":850.06},{"text":"principles","start":850.06,"end":850.66},{"text":"of","start":850.66,"end":850.78},{"text":"law","start":850.78,"end":851.05},{"text":"that","start":851.07,"end":851.25},{"text":"may","start":851.25,"end":851.51},{"text":"be","start":851.53,"end":851.64},{"text":"formed","start":851.65,"end":852.18},{"text":"within","start":852.33,"end":852.71},{"text":"the","start":852.72,"end":852.78},{"text":"international","start":852.78,"end":853.49},{"text":"legal","start":853.49,"end":853.85},{"text":"system","start":853.86,"end":854.38},{"text":"Japan","start":855.01,"end":855.37},{"text":"notes","start":855.39,"end":855.84},{"text":"that","start":855.88,"end":856.03},{"text":"divergence","start":856.05,"end":856.76},{"text":"of","start":856.76,"end":856.85},{"text":"views","start":856.89,"end":857.33},{"text":"in","start":857.33,"end":857.5},{"text":"quite","start":857.5,"end":857.88},{"text":"a","start":857.88,"end":857.94},{"text":"few","start":857.94,"end":858.27},{"text":"respects","start":858.31,"end":859},{"text":"among","start":859.11,"end":859.42},{"text":"the","start":859.42,"end":859.51},{"text":"members","start":859.51,"end":860.05},{"text":"of","start":860.05,"end":860.13},{"text":"the","start":860.14,"end":860.24},{"text":"commission","start":860.24,"end":860.87},{"text":"or","start":861.15,"end":861.29},{"text":"states","start":861.3,"end":861.91},{"text":"as","start":862.22,"end":862.37},{"text":"well","start":862.37,"end":862.61},{"text":"as","start":862.62,"end":862.74},{"text":"the","start":862.77,"end":862.89},{"text":"opaque","start":862.98,"end":863.43},{"text":"distinction","start":863.51,"end":864.15},{"text":"between","start":864.16,"end":864.57},{"text":"general","start":864.58,"end":864.99},{"text":"principles","start":865,"end":865.65},{"text":"of","start":865.65,"end":865.76},{"text":"law","start":865.76,"end":866.11},{"text":"and","start":866.4,"end":866.58},{"text":"customary","start":866.59,"end":867.27},{"text":"international","start":867.27,"end":867.95},{"text":"law","start":867.99,"end":868.22},{"text":"while","start":868.75,"end":869.08},{"text":"the","start":869.08,"end":869.19},{"text":"wording","start":869.2,"end":869.86},{"text":"of","start":869.91,"end":870.03},{"text":"draft","start":870.07,"end":870.43},{"text":"conclusion","start":870.43,"end":870.76},{"text":"three","start":871.02,"end":871.3},{"text":"seemingly","start":871.31,"end":872},{"text":"differentiates","start":872,"end":872.94},{"text":"the","start":873.02,"end":873.15},{"text":"legal","start":873.15,"end":873.53},{"text":"character","start":873.53,"end":874.21},{"text":"of","start":874.78,"end":874.95},{"text":"the","start":874.97,"end":875.07},{"text":"two","start":875.07,"end":875.37},{"text":"categories","start":875.38,"end":876.18}]},{"text":"Lastly, I would like to address sea level rise in relation to international law.","start":876.98,"end":881.88,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"Lastly","start":876.98,"end":877.7},{"text":"I","start":877.9,"end":878.03},{"text":"would","start":878.03,"end":878.19},{"text":"like","start":878.2,"end":878.42},{"text":"to","start":878.46,"end":878.54},{"text":"address","start":878.54,"end":879},{"text":"sea","start":879.05,"end":879.18},{"text":"level","start":879.18,"end":879.5},{"text":"rise","start":879.5,"end":880.02},{"text":"in","start":880.06,"end":880.25},{"text":"relation","start":880.26,"end":880.77},{"text":"to","start":880.79,"end":880.91},{"text":"international","start":880.91,"end":881.62},{"text":"law","start":881.62,"end":881.88}]},{"text":"The final report of the study group provides the international community with a useful reference.","start":882.63,"end":888.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":882.63,"end":882.74},{"text":"final","start":882.74,"end":883.2},{"text":"report","start":883.2,"end":883.74},{"text":"of","start":883.81,"end":883.96},{"text":"the","start":883.96,"end":884.05},{"text":"study","start":884.05,"end":884.48},{"text":"group","start":884.48,"end":884.77},{"text":"provides","start":884.8,"end":885.36},{"text":"the","start":885.36,"end":885.52},{"text":"international","start":885.52,"end":886.21},{"text":"community","start":886.21,"end":886.85},{"text":"with","start":887.23,"end":887.38},{"text":"a","start":887.38,"end":887.43},{"text":"useful","start":887.44,"end":888.08},{"text":"reference","start":888.16,"end":888.73}]},{"text":"Regarding issues related to the law of the sea, Japan has officially endorsed the commission's view that states are under no obligation to update baselines or the outer limits of maritime zones established under the unclause, to account for changes as a result of climate change related sea level rise.","start":889.51,"end":911.11,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"Regarding","start":889.51,"end":890.04},{"text":"issues","start":890.04,"end":890.54},{"text":"related","start":890.55,"end":891.02},{"text":"to","start":891.44,"end":891.85},{"text":"the","start":891.86,"end":891.97},{"text":"law","start":891.97,"end":892.23},{"text":"of","start":892.23,"end":892.33},{"text":"the","start":892.33,"end":892.42},{"text":"sea","start":892.44,"end":892.83},{"text":"Japan","start":893.23,"end":893.64},{"text":"has","start":893.65,"end":893.82},{"text":"officially","start":893.82,"end":894.5},{"text":"endorsed","start":894.5,"end":895.02},{"text":"the","start":895.16,"end":895.24},{"text":"commission's","start":895.24,"end":895.86},{"text":"view","start":895.88,"end":896.19},{"text":"that","start":896.41,"end":896.61},{"text":"states","start":896.62,"end":897.16},{"text":"are","start":897.16,"end":897.35},{"text":"under","start":897.38,"end":897.72},{"text":"no","start":897.72,"end":897.95},{"text":"obligation","start":898.11,"end":898.85},{"text":"to","start":898.86,"end":898.97},{"text":"update","start":899.03,"end":899.58},{"text":"baselines","start":899.59,"end":900.41},{"text":"or","start":900.72,"end":900.89},{"text":"the","start":900.89,"end":901.04},{"text":"outer","start":901.06,"end":901.42},{"text":"limits","start":901.42,"end":901.89},{"text":"of","start":901.91,"end":902.06},{"text":"maritime","start":902.08,"end":902.73},{"text":"zones","start":902.74,"end":903.19},{"text":"established","start":903.74,"end":904.5},{"text":"under","start":904.58,"end":905.05},{"text":"the","start":905.18,"end":905.29},{"text":"unclause","start":905.31,"end":905.94},{"text":"to","start":906.33,"end":906.48},{"text":"account","start":906.49,"end":906.88},{"text":"for","start":906.9,"end":907.06},{"text":"changes","start":907.06,"end":907.78},{"text":"as","start":907.78,"end":907.9},{"text":"a","start":907.9,"end":907.93},{"text":"result","start":907.93,"end":908.5},{"text":"of","start":908.5,"end":908.58},{"text":"climate","start":908.62,"end":909.1},{"text":"change","start":909.1,"end":909.53},{"text":"related","start":909.53,"end":910.01},{"text":"sea","start":910.01,"end":910.27},{"text":"level","start":910.27,"end":910.6},{"text":"rise","start":910.62,"end":911.11}]},{"text":"Furthermore, Japan remains of the view that it is permissible to preserve the existing baselines and maritime zones established in accordance with UNCLAUS notwithstanding the regression of coastlines caused by climate change.","start":911.93,"end":927.18,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore","start":911.93,"end":912.64},{"text":"Japan","start":913.08,"end":913.52},{"text":"remains","start":913.53,"end":914.12},{"text":"of","start":914.12,"end":914.2},{"text":"the","start":914.2,"end":914.32},{"text":"view","start":914.32,"end":914.75},{"text":"that","start":914.92,"end":915.17},{"text":"it","start":915.18,"end":915.18},{"text":"is","start":915.18,"end":915.63},{"text":"permissible","start":915.63,"end":916.43},{"text":"to","start":916.44,"end":916.6},{"text":"preserve","start":916.6,"end":917.16},{"text":"the","start":917.2,"end":917.31},{"text":"existing","start":917.33,"end":917.91},{"text":"baselines","start":917.92,"end":918.67},{"text":"and","start":918.73,"end":918.87},{"text":"maritime","start":918.88,"end":919.56},{"text":"zones","start":919.6,"end":919.95},{"text":"established","start":919.96,"end":920.72},{"text":"in","start":921,"end":921.12},{"text":"accordance","start":921.13,"end":921.68},{"text":"with","start":921.68,"end":921.88},{"text":"UNCLAUS","start":921.92,"end":922.51},{"text":"notwithstanding","start":922.9,"end":923.78},{"text":"the","start":923.79,"end":923.89},{"text":"regression","start":923.89,"end":924.58},{"text":"of","start":924.58,"end":924.67},{"text":"coastlines","start":924.68,"end":925.52},{"text":"caused","start":925.54,"end":925.98},{"text":"by","start":925.98,"end":926.22},{"text":"climate","start":926.22,"end":926.66},{"text":"change","start":926.7,"end":927.18}]},{"text":"Finally, it is worth mentioning that the final report refers to a degree of flexibility in the interpretation and application of international law regarding statehood and emphasize its strong support among states for the continuity of statehood.","start":927.83,"end":943.79,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. 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believes that development of state practice and opinions juris on this issue will depend upon member states wisdom and diplomatic efforts.","start":944.33,"end":953.74,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Japan","start":944.33,"end":944.73},{"text":"believes","start":944.76,"end":945.28},{"text":"that","start":945.45,"end":945.64},{"text":"development","start":945.66,"end":946.27},{"text":"of","start":946.27,"end":946.36},{"text":"state","start":946.36,"end":946.7},{"text":"practice","start":946.74,"end":947.39},{"text":"and","start":947.44,"end":947.6},{"text":"opinions","start":947.62,"end":948.08},{"text":"juris","start":948.08,"end":948.52},{"text":"on","start":948.55,"end":948.76},{"text":"this","start":948.79,"end":949.13},{"text":"issue","start":949.15,"end":949.67},{"text":"will","start":949.99,"end":950.13},{"text":"depend","start":950.15,"end":950.63},{"text":"upon","start":950.63,"end":950.91},{"text":"member","start":950.91,"end":951.24},{"text":"states","start":951.24,"end":951.59},{"text":"wisdom","start":951.6,"end":952.17},{"text":"and","start":952.31,"end":952.45},{"text":"diplomatic","start":952.47,"end":953.19},{"text":"efforts","start":953.21,"end":953.74}]},{"text":"In addressing these issues, Japan, for its part, is committed to sincerely engaging in further discussions on the subject and in relevant forum while cooperating with other states and international organizations I thank you Madam Chair.","start":954.36,"end":970.04,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":954.36,"end":954.53},{"text":"addressing","start":954.53,"end":955.15},{"text":"these","start":955.15,"end":955.42},{"text":"issues","start":955.44,"end":955.98},{"text":"Japan","start":956.3,"end":956.87},{"text":"for","start":957.02,"end":957.23},{"text":"its","start":957.31,"end":957.55},{"text":"part","start":957.55,"end":957.94},{"text":"is","start":958.04,"end":958.23},{"text":"committed","start":958.24,"end":958.71},{"text":"to","start":958.71,"end":958.87},{"text":"sincerely","start":958.87,"end":959.54},{"text":"engaging","start":959.54,"end":960.16},{"text":"in","start":960.16,"end":960.28},{"text":"further","start":960.28,"end":960.71},{"text":"discussions","start":960.71,"end":961.52},{"text":"on","start":961.52,"end":961.64},{"text":"the","start":961.65,"end":961.72},{"text":"subject","start":961.73,"end":962.41},{"text":"and","start":962.81,"end":963},{"text":"in","start":963.01,"end":963.01},{"text":"relevant","start":963.01,"end":963.62},{"text":"forum","start":963.65,"end":964.09},{"text":"while","start":964.45,"end":964.82},{"text":"cooperating","start":964.83,"end":965.69},{"text":"with","start":965.69,"end":965.86},{"text":"other","start":965.86,"end":966.12},{"text":"states","start":966.12,"end":966.56},{"text":"and","start":966.56,"end":966.69},{"text":"international","start":966.69,"end":967.41},{"text":"organizations","start":967.45,"end":968.47},{"text":"I","start":968.88,"end":968.98},{"text":"thank","start":968.98,"end":969.32},{"text":"you","start":969.32,"end":969.41},{"text":"Madam","start":969.42,"end":969.73},{"text":"Chair","start":969.75,"end":970.04}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"JPN","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Japan"}},{"statement_number":5,"start":972.67,"pageUrl":"/es/ga/c6/81/31?lang=floor&t=16:13","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Japan for his statement.","start":972.67,"end":976.34,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":972.67,"end":972.81},{"text":"thank","start":972.81,"end":973.05},{"text":"the","start":973.06,"end":973.15},{"text":"distinguished","start":973.15,"end":973.73},{"text":"representative","start":973.73,"end":974.52},{"text":"of","start":974.52,"end":974.62},{"text":"Japan","start":974.68,"end":975.11},{"text":"for","start":975.19,"end":975.34},{"text":"his","start":975.34,"end":975.51},{"text":"statement","start":975.58,"end":976.34}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.","start":976.39,"end":980.18,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":976.39,"end":976.51},{"text":"now","start":976.51,"end":976.73},{"text":"give","start":976.75,"end":976.95},{"text":"the","start":976.97,"end":977.04},{"text":"floor","start":977.04,"end":977.29},{"text":"to","start":977.31,"end":977.42},{"text":"the","start":977.43,"end":977.53},{"text":"distinguished","start":977.54,"end":978.03},{"text":"representative","start":978.03,"end":978.68},{"text":"of","start":978.68,"end":978.79},{"text":"the","start":978.8,"end":978.88},{"text":"Kingdom","start":978.88,"end":979.32},{"text":"of","start":979.32,"end":979.43},{"text":"the","start":979.43,"end":979.53},{"text":"Netherlands","start":979.53,"end":980.18}]},{"text":"You have the floor sir.","start":980.2,"end":981.02,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":980.2,"end":980.32},{"text":"have","start":980.32,"end":980.45},{"text":"the","start":980.48,"end":980.55},{"text":"floor","start":980.56,"end":980.79},{"text":"sir","start":980.79,"end":981.02}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":6,"start":985.19,"pageUrl":"/es/ga/c6/81/31?lang=floor&t=16:26","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair. The Kingdom of the Netherlands would like to sincerely thank the International Law Commission for this year's report.","start":985.19,"end":992.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair","start":985.19,"end":985.55},{"text":"The","start":986.43,"end":986.63},{"text":"Kingdom","start":986.75,"end":987.11},{"text":"of","start":987.11,"end":987.21},{"text":"the","start":987.22,"end":987.3},{"text":"Netherlands","start":987.31,"end":987.6},{"text":"would","start":987.77,"end":987.96},{"text":"like","start":987.96,"end":988.13},{"text":"to","start":988.17,"end":988.36},{"text":"sincerely","start":988.37,"end":989.1},{"text":"thank","start":989.1,"end":989.5},{"text":"the","start":989.54,"end":989.73},{"text":"International","start":989.74,"end":990.17},{"text":"Law","start":990.17,"end":990.32},{"text":"Commission","start":990.32,"end":990.86},{"text":"for","start":990.86,"end":991.07},{"text":"this","start":991.09,"end":991.3},{"text":"year's","start":991.3,"end":991.63},{"text":"report","start":991.69,"end":992.37}]},{"text":"Despite the difficulties encountered last year by the Commission due to the liquidity crisis that led to a reduced annual session, the commission made substantial progress on a lot of topics this 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progress is particularly noticeable with the completion completion of two topics of topics on first and second readings progress that is necessary for the encouragement of the codification and progressive development of international 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government wishes to encourage others to submit to to submit or continue submitting relevant information that will serve as input for the work of the 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studies of the commission greatly benefit from a geographically diverse range of prospect practices perspectives and positions from states from different parts of this 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is also in line with this year's message as delivered by the UN Secretary General to the International Law Commission when he said that, and I quote, The world needs rigorous legal thinking, drawing on different legal traditions, diverse points of view and backgrounds.","start":1042.14,"end":1057.04,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1042.14,"end":1042.34},{"text":"is","start":1042.34,"end":1042.49},{"text":"also","start":1042.49,"end":1042.74},{"text":"in","start":1042.74,"end":1042.86},{"text":"line","start":1042.86,"end":1043.18},{"text":"with","start":1043.18,"end":1043.36},{"text":"this","start":1043.38,"end":1043.58},{"text":"year's","start":1043.58,"end":1043.84},{"text":"message","start":1043.86,"end":1044.38},{"text":"as","start":1044.38,"end":1044.54},{"text":"delivered","start":1044.54,"end":1044.94},{"text":"by","start":1044.94,"end":1045.11},{"text":"the","start":1045.12,"end":1045.22},{"text":"UN","start":1045.22,"end":1045.52},{"text":"Secretary","start":1045.52,"end":1046.04},{"text":"General","start":1046.05,"end":1046.52},{"text":"to","start":1046.82,"end":1046.98},{"text":"the","start":1046.99,"end":1047.1},{"text":"International","start":1047.11,"end":1047.62},{"text":"Law","start":1047.62,"end":1047.82},{"text":"Commission","start":1047.82,"end":1048.31},{"text":"when","start":1048.33,"end":1048.5},{"text":"he","start":1048.5,"end":1048.61},{"text":"said","start":1048.61,"end":1048.9},{"text":"that","start":1048.94,"end":1049.18},{"text":"and","start":1049.18,"end":1049.3},{"text":"I","start":1049.3,"end":1049.37},{"text":"quote","start":1049.37,"end":1049.79},{"text":"The","start":1050.29,"end":1050.37},{"text":"world","start":1050.37,"end":1050.66},{"text":"needs","start":1050.7,"end":1051.02},{"text":"rigorous","start":1051.02,"end":1051.52},{"text":"legal","start":1051.52,"end":1051.8},{"text":"thinking","start":1051.82,"end":1052.33},{"text":"drawing","start":1052.5,"end":1052.9},{"text":"on","start":1052.92,"end":1053.07},{"text":"different","start":1053.07,"end":1053.46},{"text":"legal","start":1053.48,"end":1053.76},{"text":"traditions","start":1053.76,"end":1054.46},{"text":"diverse","start":1054.48,"end":1055},{"text":"points","start":1055,"end":1055.44},{"text":"of","start":1055.44,"end":1055.56},{"text":"view","start":1055.56,"end":1055.84},{"text":"and","start":1056.17,"end":1056.33},{"text":"backgrounds","start":1056.36,"end":1057.04}]},{"text":"Chair, please allow me now to turn to the topic immunity of state officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction.","start":1057.04,"end":1064.08,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair","start":1057.04,"end":1058.86},{"text":"please","start":1058.88,"end":1059.2},{"text":"allow","start":1059.2,"end":1059.42},{"text":"me","start":1059.42,"end":1059.52},{"text":"now","start":1059.52,"end":1059.78},{"text":"to","start":1059.78,"end":1059.91},{"text":"turn","start":1059.92,"end":1060.22},{"text":"to","start":1060.22,"end":1060.35},{"text":"the","start":1060.36,"end":1060.44},{"text":"topic","start":1060.44,"end":1060.85},{"text":"immunity","start":1060.89,"end":1061.36},{"text":"of","start":1061.36,"end":1061.47},{"text":"state","start":1061.49,"end":1061.76},{"text":"officials","start":1061.76,"end":1062.25},{"text":"from","start":1062.27,"end":1062.52},{"text":"foreign","start":1062.52,"end":1062.87},{"text":"criminal","start":1062.87,"end":1063.32},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1063.36,"end":1064.08}]},{"text":"The Kingdom of the Netherlands would like to take this opportunity to congratulate the special rapporteur with the adoption by the Commission of the entire set of draft articles on second reading.","start":1064.64,"end":1073.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1064.64,"end":1064.71},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1064.72,"end":1065.07},{"text":"of","start":1065.07,"end":1065.17},{"text":"the","start":1065.21,"end":1065.27},{"text":"Netherlands","start":1065.29,"end":1065.72},{"text":"would","start":1065.72,"end":1065.86},{"text":"like","start":1065.86,"end":1066.06},{"text":"to","start":1066.1,"end":1066.32},{"text":"take","start":1066.42,"end":1066.67},{"text":"this","start":1066.7,"end":1066.86},{"text":"opportunity","start":1066.88,"end":1067.51},{"text":"to","start":1067.51,"end":1067.67},{"text":"congratulate","start":1067.67,"end":1068.38},{"text":"the","start":1068.38,"end":1068.47},{"text":"special","start":1068.47,"end":1068.86},{"text":"rapporteur","start":1068.86,"end":1069.46},{"text":"with","start":1069.82,"end":1069.98},{"text":"the","start":1069.99,"end":1070.06},{"text":"adoption","start":1070.06,"end":1070.52},{"text":"by","start":1070.52,"end":1070.65},{"text":"the","start":1070.66,"end":1070.74},{"text":"Commission","start":1070.74,"end":1071.3},{"text":"of","start":1071.3,"end":1071.43},{"text":"the","start":1071.43,"end":1071.56},{"text":"entire","start":1071.56,"end":1071.97},{"text":"set","start":1071.97,"end":1072.22},{"text":"of","start":1072.22,"end":1072.3},{"text":"draft","start":1072.3,"end":1072.65},{"text":"articles","start":1072.65,"end":1073.17},{"text":"on","start":1073.17,"end":1073.26},{"text":"second","start":1073.27,"end":1073.63},{"text":"reading","start":1073.64,"end":1073.99}]},{"text":"This also includes the commentaries to the draft articles.","start":1074.62,"end":1077.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1074.62,"end":1074.81},{"text":"also","start":1074.83,"end":1075.1},{"text":"includes","start":1075.1,"end":1075.61},{"text":"the","start":1075.62,"end":1075.68},{"text":"commentaries","start":1075.7,"end":1076.36},{"text":"to","start":1076.36,"end":1076.47},{"text":"the","start":1076.47,"end":1076.57},{"text":"draft","start":1076.58,"end":1076.93},{"text":"articles","start":1076.93,"end":1077.49}]},{"text":"The adoption is an important step, and my government would like to express its appreciation to the Commission for its work.","start":1077.95,"end":1084.2,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1077.95,"end":1078.06},{"text":"adoption","start":1078.06,"end":1078.46},{"text":"is","start":1078.56,"end":1078.7},{"text":"an","start":1078.71,"end":1078.79},{"text":"important","start":1078.8,"end":1079.24},{"text":"step","start":1079.24,"end":1079.65},{"text":"and","start":1079.68,"end":1079.78},{"text":"my","start":1079.8,"end":1080.04},{"text":"government","start":1080.05,"end":1080.57},{"text":"would","start":1080.59,"end":1080.72},{"text":"like","start":1080.73,"end":1080.92},{"text":"to","start":1080.96,"end":1081.06},{"text":"express","start":1081.06,"end":1081.51},{"text":"its","start":1081.52,"end":1081.69},{"text":"appreciation","start":1081.69,"end":1082.4},{"text":"to","start":1082.4,"end":1082.54},{"text":"the","start":1082.54,"end":1082.64},{"text":"Commission","start":1082.64,"end":1083.12},{"text":"for","start":1083.45,"end":1083.68},{"text":"its","start":1083.68,"end":1083.88},{"text":"work","start":1083.9,"end":1084.2}]},{"text":"My government is of the view that the second reading of the topic of immunity of state officials addresses the comments and observations made by states to a large extent.","start":1084.79,"end":1093.42,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1084.79,"end":1084.93},{"text":"government","start":1084.93,"end":1085.41},{"text":"is","start":1085.42,"end":1085.55},{"text":"of","start":1085.55,"end":1085.66},{"text":"the","start":1085.68,"end":1085.76},{"text":"view","start":1085.77,"end":1086.12},{"text":"that","start":1086.12,"end":1086.24},{"text":"the","start":1086.24,"end":1086.33},{"text":"second","start":1086.33,"end":1086.71},{"text":"reading","start":1086.72,"end":1087.09},{"text":"of","start":1087.09,"end":1087.22},{"text":"the","start":1087.24,"end":1087.32},{"text":"topic","start":1087.32,"end":1087.75},{"text":"of","start":1087.75,"end":1087.84},{"text":"immunity","start":1087.86,"end":1088.32},{"text":"of","start":1088.32,"end":1088.4},{"text":"state","start":1088.43,"end":1088.72},{"text":"officials","start":1088.72,"end":1089.29},{"text":"addresses","start":1089.68,"end":1090.24},{"text":"the","start":1090.24,"end":1090.34},{"text":"comments","start":1090.34,"end":1090.79},{"text":"and","start":1090.79,"end":1090.88},{"text":"observations","start":1090.88,"end":1091.45},{"text":"made","start":1091.58,"end":1091.79},{"text":"by","start":1091.83,"end":1091.96},{"text":"states","start":1091.97,"end":1092.35},{"text":"to","start":1092.38,"end":1092.51},{"text":"a","start":1092.52,"end":1092.58},{"text":"large","start":1092.58,"end":1092.93},{"text":"extent","start":1092.93,"end":1093.42}]},{"text":"My government notes that some of these comments and observations have been addressed through clarifications in the commentaries instead of modifications of the draft of the text of the draft articles themselves.","start":1093.88,"end":1105.56,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1093.88,"end":1093.99},{"text":"government","start":1093.99,"end":1094.39},{"text":"notes","start":1094.39,"end":1094.88},{"text":"that","start":1094.89,"end":1095.04},{"text":"some","start":1095.07,"end":1095.33},{"text":"of","start":1095.34,"end":1095.46},{"text":"these","start":1095.46,"end":1095.63},{"text":"comments","start":1095.64,"end":1096.07},{"text":"and","start":1096.07,"end":1096.16},{"text":"observations","start":1096.16,"end":1096.87},{"text":"have","start":1097.21,"end":1097.35},{"text":"been","start":1097.36,"end":1097.57},{"text":"addressed","start":1097.57,"end":1097.99},{"text":"through","start":1098.01,"end":1098.3},{"text":"clarifications","start":1098.36,"end":1099.26},{"text":"in","start":1099.27,"end":1099.37},{"text":"the","start":1099.38,"end":1099.43},{"text":"commentaries","start":1099.44,"end":1100.23},{"text":"instead","start":1100.58,"end":1100.95},{"text":"of","start":1100.95,"end":1101.04},{"text":"modifications","start":1101.04,"end":1101.89},{"text":"of","start":1101.89,"end":1101.99},{"text":"the","start":1102,"end":1102.11},{"text":"draft","start":1102.12,"end":1102.64},{"text":"of","start":1103.14,"end":1103.25},{"text":"the","start":1103.27,"end":1103.35},{"text":"text","start":1103.35,"end":1103.75},{"text":"of","start":1103.76,"end":1103.91},{"text":"the","start":1103.93,"end":1104.03},{"text":"draft","start":1104.03,"end":1104.38},{"text":"articles","start":1104.38,"end":1104.85},{"text":"themselves","start":1104.88,"end":1105.56}]},{"text":"This also relates to part four of the draft articles.","start":1106.05,"end":1108.82,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1106.05,"end":1106.22},{"text":"also","start":1106.22,"end":1106.49},{"text":"relates","start":1106.49,"end":1106.89},{"text":"to","start":1106.9,"end":1107.03},{"text":"part","start":1107.03,"end":1107.3},{"text":"four","start":1107.33,"end":1107.64},{"text":"of","start":1107.65,"end":1107.8},{"text":"the","start":1107.81,"end":1107.9},{"text":"draft","start":1107.91,"end":1108.22},{"text":"articles","start":1108.22,"end":1108.82}]},{"text":"My government's concerns with the procedural provisions and safeguards contained in part four of the draft articles remain.","start":1109.12,"end":1115.65,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1109.12,"end":1109.25},{"text":"government's","start":1109.25,"end":1109.77},{"text":"concerns","start":1109.79,"end":1110.4},{"text":"with","start":1110.4,"end":1110.59},{"text":"the","start":1110.59,"end":1110.66},{"text":"procedural","start":1110.67,"end":1111.19},{"text":"provisions","start":1111.19,"end":1111.87},{"text":"and","start":1111.87,"end":1111.99},{"text":"safeguards","start":1112,"end":1112.57},{"text":"contained","start":1112.57,"end":1113.05},{"text":"in","start":1113.05,"end":1113.19},{"text":"part","start":1113.53,"end":1113.77},{"text":"four","start":1113.77,"end":1114.07},{"text":"of","start":1114.08,"end":1114.18},{"text":"the","start":1114.19,"end":1114.29},{"text":"draft","start":1114.29,"end":1114.63},{"text":"articles","start":1114.63,"end":1115.16},{"text":"remain","start":1115.16,"end":1115.65}]},{"text":"We continue to consider that they do not reflect existing state practice.","start":1116.15,"end":1120.09,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1116.15,"end":1116.25},{"text":"continue","start":1116.25,"end":1116.72},{"text":"to","start":1116.73,"end":1116.86},{"text":"consider","start":1116.86,"end":1117.32},{"text":"that","start":1117.33,"end":1117.51},{"text":"they","start":1117.52,"end":1117.67},{"text":"do","start":1117.67,"end":1117.83},{"text":"not","start":1117.83,"end":1118.07},{"text":"reflect","start":1118.09,"end":1118.55},{"text":"existing","start":1118.74,"end":1119.19},{"text":"state","start":1119.2,"end":1119.51},{"text":"practice","start":1119.51,"end":1120.09}]},{"text":"Chair, with regard to draft article six, my government notes that the draft article includes an explicit list of crimes under international law to which immunity rationa materiae shall not apply.","start":1120.91,"end":1132.93,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair","start":1120.91,"end":1121.16},{"text":"with","start":1121.16,"end":1121.37},{"text":"regard","start":1121.39,"end":1121.75},{"text":"to","start":1121.75,"end":1121.95},{"text":"draft","start":1121.96,"end":1122.28},{"text":"article","start":1122.28,"end":1122.61},{"text":"six","start":1122.63,"end":1123.08},{"text":"my","start":1123.1,"end":1123.36},{"text":"government","start":1123.36,"end":1123.79},{"text":"notes","start":1123.79,"end":1124.17},{"text":"that","start":1124.19,"end":1124.39},{"text":"the","start":1124.42,"end":1124.47},{"text":"draft","start":1124.48,"end":1124.87},{"text":"article","start":1124.87,"end":1125.23},{"text":"includes","start":1125.24,"end":1125.71},{"text":"an","start":1125.71,"end":1125.8},{"text":"explicit","start":1125.8,"end":1126.35},{"text":"list","start":1126.35,"end":1126.67},{"text":"of","start":1126.67,"end":1126.78},{"text":"crimes","start":1126.78,"end":1127.23},{"text":"under","start":1127.65,"end":1127.92},{"text":"international","start":1127.92,"end":1128.56},{"text":"law","start":1128.59,"end":1128.86},{"text":"to","start":1129.24,"end":1129.35},{"text":"which","start":1129.36,"end":1129.61},{"text":"immunity","start":1129.63,"end":1130.32},{"text":"rationa","start":1130.45,"end":1131.01},{"text":"materiae","start":1131.01,"end":1131.66},{"text":"shall","start":1132.05,"end":1132.27},{"text":"not","start":1132.29,"end":1132.48},{"text":"apply","start":1132.48,"end":1132.93}]},{"text":"The draft article does not include a mere a more general reference to crimes under international law to which immunity rationa materiae does not apply.","start":1133.25,"end":1142.44,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1133.25,"end":1133.33},{"text":"draft","start":1133.34,"end":1133.68},{"text":"article","start":1133.68,"end":1134.03},{"text":"does","start":1134.03,"end":1134.32},{"text":"not","start":1134.33,"end":1134.65},{"text":"include","start":1134.65,"end":1135.09},{"text":"a","start":1135.09,"end":1135.17},{"text":"mere","start":1135.17,"end":1135.53},{"text":"a","start":1135.53,"end":1136.23},{"text":"more","start":1136.25,"end":1136.51},{"text":"general","start":1136.51,"end":1136.93},{"text":"reference","start":1136.94,"end":1137.43},{"text":"to","start":1137.43,"end":1137.54},{"text":"crimes","start":1137.54,"end":1137.94},{"text":"under","start":1137.94,"end":1138.19},{"text":"international","start":1138.19,"end":1138.79},{"text":"law","start":1138.81,"end":1139.08},{"text":"to","start":1139.41,"end":1139.55},{"text":"which","start":1139.56,"end":1139.78},{"text":"immunity","start":1139.8,"end":1140.38},{"text":"rationa","start":1140.49,"end":1141.05},{"text":"materiae","start":1141.61,"end":1141.61},{"text":"does","start":1141.62,"end":1141.83},{"text":"not","start":1141.83,"end":1141.99},{"text":"apply","start":1141.99,"end":1142.44}]},{"text":"Draft article six therefore appears to contain an exhaustive list of crimes.","start":1142.8,"end":1147.07,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Draft","start":1142.8,"end":1143.17},{"text":"article","start":1143.17,"end":1143.38},{"text":"six","start":1143.53,"end":1143.84},{"text":"therefore","start":1143.85,"end":1144.19},{"text":"appears","start":1144.19,"end":1144.55},{"text":"to","start":1144.55,"end":1144.66},{"text":"contain","start":1144.67,"end":1145.17},{"text":"an","start":1145.17,"end":1145.34},{"text":"exhaustive","start":1145.43,"end":1146.11},{"text":"list","start":1146.12,"end":1146.41},{"text":"of","start":1146.42,"end":1146.53},{"text":"crimes","start":1146.55,"end":1147.07}]},{"text":"However, with the enumeration in the commentaries of the criteria used by the commission to include the specific crimes in draft article six, the possibility is left open that the application of these criteria may lead to the identification of further crimes to which immunity raciona materiae would not apply.","start":1147.67,"end":1165.88,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"However","start":1147.67,"end":1148.15},{"text":"with","start":1148.15,"end":1148.33},{"text":"the","start":1148.35,"end":1148.47},{"text":"enumeration","start":1148.51,"end":1149.25},{"text":"in","start":1149.27,"end":1149.39},{"text":"the","start":1149.39,"end":1149.45},{"text":"commentaries","start":1149.46,"end":1150.17},{"text":"of","start":1150.19,"end":1150.31},{"text":"the","start":1150.35,"end":1150.43},{"text":"criteria","start":1150.44,"end":1151.08},{"text":"used","start":1151.11,"end":1151.53},{"text":"by","start":1151.54,"end":1151.69},{"text":"the","start":1151.71,"end":1151.78},{"text":"commission","start":1151.78,"end":1152.31},{"text":"to","start":1152.71,"end":1152.85},{"text":"include","start":1152.87,"end":1153.4},{"text":"the","start":1153.42,"end":1153.48},{"text":"specific","start":1153.48,"end":1153.99},{"text":"crimes","start":1153.99,"end":1154.41},{"text":"in","start":1154.41,"end":1154.49},{"text":"draft","start":1154.5,"end":1154.84},{"text":"article","start":1154.84,"end":1155.19},{"text":"six","start":1155.19,"end":1155.6},{"text":"the","start":1155.99,"end":1156.07},{"text":"possibility","start":1156.08,"end":1156.77},{"text":"is","start":1156.77,"end":1156.94},{"text":"left","start":1156.94,"end":1157.2},{"text":"open","start":1157.21,"end":1157.67},{"text":"that","start":1157.68,"end":1157.81},{"text":"the","start":1157.81,"end":1157.94},{"text":"application","start":1157.94,"end":1158.6},{"text":"of","start":1158.6,"end":1158.71},{"text":"these","start":1158.73,"end":1158.91},{"text":"criteria","start":1158.91,"end":1159.46},{"text":"may","start":1159.81,"end":1160.05},{"text":"lead","start":1160.05,"end":1160.25},{"text":"to","start":1160.25,"end":1160.4},{"text":"the","start":1160.41,"end":1160.52},{"text":"identification","start":1160.52,"end":1161.43},{"text":"of","start":1161.45,"end":1161.54},{"text":"further","start":1161.57,"end":1161.87},{"text":"crimes","start":1161.89,"end":1162.38},{"text":"to","start":1162.73,"end":1162.85},{"text":"which","start":1162.86,"end":1163.11},{"text":"immunity","start":1163.13,"end":1163.81},{"text":"raciona","start":1163.85,"end":1164.37},{"text":"materiae","start":1164.37,"end":1165.05},{"text":"would","start":1165.09,"end":1165.25},{"text":"not","start":1165.25,"end":1165.47},{"text":"apply","start":1165.47,"end":1165.88}]},{"text":"My government welcomes such a non exhaustive approach.","start":1166.29,"end":1169.34,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1166.29,"end":1166.45},{"text":"government","start":1166.45,"end":1166.97},{"text":"welcomes","start":1167.13,"end":1167.61},{"text":"such","start":1167.61,"end":1167.95},{"text":"a","start":1167.97,"end":1168.09},{"text":"non","start":1168.1,"end":1168.41},{"text":"exhaustive","start":1168.41,"end":1168.95},{"text":"approach","start":1168.95,"end":1169.34}]},{"text":"With regard to draft article nine, my government regrets that the notification to the state of the official is included as an obligation for the forum state in the event that criminal proceedings are initiated or coercive measures are taken.","start":1171.09,"end":1184.75,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"With","start":1171.09,"end":1171.32},{"text":"regard","start":1171.33,"end":1171.69},{"text":"to","start":1171.72,"end":1171.94},{"text":"draft","start":1171.96,"end":1172.28},{"text":"article","start":1172.28,"end":1172.58},{"text":"nine","start":1172.6,"end":1173},{"text":"my","start":1173.03,"end":1173.31},{"text":"government","start":1173.32,"end":1173.76},{"text":"regrets","start":1173.8,"end":1174.32},{"text":"that","start":1174.32,"end":1174.48},{"text":"the","start":1174.48,"end":1174.54},{"text":"notification","start":1174.54,"end":1175.37},{"text":"to","start":1175.37,"end":1175.48},{"text":"the","start":1175.49,"end":1175.58},{"text":"state","start":1175.58,"end":1175.96},{"text":"of","start":1175.96,"end":1176.07},{"text":"the","start":1176.08,"end":1176.16},{"text":"official","start":1176.16,"end":1176.72},{"text":"is","start":1177.28,"end":1177.52},{"text":"included","start":1177.52,"end":1178.08},{"text":"as","start":1178.08,"end":1178.22},{"text":"an","start":1178.22,"end":1178.31},{"text":"obligation","start":1178.32,"end":1178.96},{"text":"for","start":1178.97,"end":1179.14},{"text":"the","start":1179.14,"end":1179.21},{"text":"forum","start":1179.24,"end":1179.64},{"text":"state","start":1179.64,"end":1180.11},{"text":"in","start":1180.11,"end":1180.22},{"text":"the","start":1180.22,"end":1180.32},{"text":"event","start":1180.33,"end":1180.73},{"text":"that","start":1180.76,"end":1180.91},{"text":"criminal","start":1180.91,"end":1181.3},{"text":"proceedings","start":1181.31,"end":1181.96},{"text":"are","start":1181.96,"end":1182.05},{"text":"initiated","start":1182.05,"end":1182.74},{"text":"or","start":1183.1,"end":1183.26},{"text":"coercive","start":1183.27,"end":1183.83},{"text":"measures","start":1183.83,"end":1184.22},{"text":"are","start":1184.22,"end":1184.32},{"text":"taken","start":1184.33,"end":1184.75}]},{"text":"In our view, this does not reflect state practice and is conceptually undesirable.","start":1185.5,"end":1190.65,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1185.5,"end":1185.66},{"text":"our","start":1185.66,"end":1185.94},{"text":"view","start":1185.94,"end":1186.38},{"text":"this","start":1186.46,"end":1186.66},{"text":"does","start":1186.66,"end":1186.82},{"text":"not","start":1186.82,"end":1187},{"text":"reflect","start":1187,"end":1187.42},{"text":"state","start":1187.42,"end":1187.66},{"text":"practice","start":1187.74,"end":1188.25},{"text":"and","start":1188.59,"end":1188.72},{"text":"is","start":1188.72,"end":1188.86},{"text":"conceptually","start":1188.86,"end":1189.73},{"text":"undesirable","start":1189.82,"end":1190.65}]},{"text":"Nevertheless, it is noted that there is some flexibility for the forum state by providing for the exception of not having to notify the state of the official.","start":1191.24,"end":1200.03,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Nevertheless","start":1191.24,"end":1191.94},{"text":"it","start":1191.95,"end":1192.09},{"text":"is","start":1192.09,"end":1192.24},{"text":"noted","start":1192.25,"end":1192.64},{"text":"that","start":1192.65,"end":1192.86},{"text":"there","start":1192.86,"end":1193.02},{"text":"is","start":1193.02,"end":1193.14},{"text":"some","start":1193.18,"end":1193.31},{"text":"flexibility","start":1193.33,"end":1194.17},{"text":"for","start":1194.29,"end":1194.5},{"text":"the","start":1194.5,"end":1194.58},{"text":"forum","start":1194.58,"end":1194.98},{"text":"state","start":1194.99,"end":1195.31},{"text":"by","start":1195.78,"end":1196.05},{"text":"providing","start":1196.06,"end":1196.64},{"text":"for","start":1196.64,"end":1196.83},{"text":"the","start":1196.84,"end":1196.93},{"text":"exception","start":1196.94,"end":1197.55},{"text":"of","start":1197.55,"end":1197.66},{"text":"not","start":1197.68,"end":1197.85},{"text":"having","start":1197.85,"end":1198.19},{"text":"to","start":1198.19,"end":1198.3},{"text":"notify","start":1198.3,"end":1198.89},{"text":"the","start":1198.89,"end":1198.97},{"text":"state","start":1198.98,"end":1199.3},{"text":"of","start":1199.32,"end":1199.44},{"text":"the","start":1199.45,"end":1199.56},{"text":"official","start":1199.56,"end":1200.03}]},{"text":"This flexibility exists when such notification would jeopardize the confidentiality of an ongoing investigation or the proper conduct of criminal proceedings.","start":1200.77,"end":1210.68,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1200.77,"end":1201.16},{"text":"flexibility","start":1201.16,"end":1201.95},{"text":"exists","start":1202,"end":1202.54},{"text":"when","start":1202.56,"end":1202.75},{"text":"such","start":1202.76,"end":1203.05},{"text":"notification","start":1203.08,"end":1203.82},{"text":"would","start":1203.83,"end":1203.99},{"text":"jeopardize","start":1204.02,"end":1204.64},{"text":"the","start":1204.65,"end":1204.73},{"text":"confidentiality","start":1204.73,"end":1205.73},{"text":"of","start":1205.77,"end":1205.96},{"text":"an","start":1205.96,"end":1206.08},{"text":"ongoing","start":1206.08,"end":1206.56},{"text":"investigation","start":1206.58,"end":1207.49},{"text":"or","start":1207.89,"end":1208.06},{"text":"the","start":1208.06,"end":1208.14},{"text":"proper","start":1208.15,"end":1208.5},{"text":"conduct","start":1208.5,"end":1209.05},{"text":"of","start":1209.1,"end":1209.36},{"text":"criminal","start":1209.38,"end":1209.87},{"text":"proceedings","start":1209.9,"end":1210.68}]},{"text":"At this point, the Kingdom of the Netherlands reiterates its position that provisions on the procedural rights of the state official as contained in draft article 15 should not have been included in these draft articles since they are separate from the issue of immunity.","start":1211.42,"end":1225.88,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":1211.42,"end":1211.54},{"text":"this","start":1211.54,"end":1211.74},{"text":"point","start":1211.75,"end":1212.1},{"text":"the","start":1212.1,"end":1212.18},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1212.18,"end":1212.54},{"text":"of","start":1212.54,"end":1212.63},{"text":"the","start":1212.64,"end":1212.73},{"text":"Netherlands","start":1212.73,"end":1213.14},{"text":"reiterates","start":1213.14,"end":1213.86},{"text":"its","start":1213.87,"end":1214.01},{"text":"position","start":1214.01,"end":1214.58},{"text":"that","start":1214.58,"end":1214.72},{"text":"provisions","start":1214.72,"end":1215.34},{"text":"on","start":1215.35,"end":1215.44},{"text":"the","start":1215.44,"end":1215.5},{"text":"procedural","start":1215.52,"end":1216.06},{"text":"rights","start":1216.06,"end":1216.47},{"text":"of","start":1216.47,"end":1216.58},{"text":"the","start":1216.58,"end":1216.65},{"text":"state","start":1216.66,"end":1216.98},{"text":"official","start":1217.04,"end":1217.52},{"text":"as","start":1217.9,"end":1218.05},{"text":"contained","start":1218.05,"end":1218.52},{"text":"in","start":1218.52,"end":1218.62},{"text":"draft","start":1218.62,"end":1218.96},{"text":"article","start":1218.96,"end":1219.33},{"text":"15","start":1219.34,"end":1219.86},{"text":"should","start":1220.28,"end":1220.51},{"text":"not","start":1220.51,"end":1220.72},{"text":"have","start":1220.72,"end":1220.98},{"text":"been","start":1221,"end":1221.19},{"text":"included","start":1221.2,"end":1221.76},{"text":"in","start":1221.76,"end":1221.88},{"text":"these","start":1221.88,"end":1222.05},{"text":"draft","start":1222.06,"end":1222.4},{"text":"articles","start":1222.42,"end":1223.02},{"text":"since","start":1223.33,"end":1223.6},{"text":"they","start":1223.6,"end":1223.74},{"text":"are","start":1223.76,"end":1223.84},{"text":"separate","start":1223.84,"end":1224.37},{"text":"from","start":1224.37,"end":1224.6},{"text":"the","start":1224.63,"end":1224.73},{"text":"issue","start":1224.76,"end":1225.08},{"text":"of","start":1225.16,"end":1225.3},{"text":"immunity","start":1225.31,"end":1225.88}]},{"text":"Chair once again my government wishes to thank the Commission for completing this topic and takes note of the commission's recommendation.","start":1226.73,"end":1233.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair","start":1226.73,"end":1227.13},{"text":"once","start":1227.24,"end":1227.49},{"text":"again","start":1227.5,"end":1227.87},{"text":"my","start":1227.88,"end":1227.88},{"text":"government","start":1227.88,"end":1228.72},{"text":"wishes","start":1228.76,"end":1229.11},{"text":"to","start":1229.12,"end":1229.24},{"text":"thank","start":1229.24,"end":1229.6},{"text":"the","start":1229.6,"end":1229.72},{"text":"Commission","start":1229.72,"end":1230.25},{"text":"for","start":1230.25,"end":1230.43},{"text":"completing","start":1230.44,"end":1231.05},{"text":"this","start":1231.57,"end":1231.76},{"text":"topic","start":1231.76,"end":1232.16},{"text":"and","start":1232.18,"end":1232.38},{"text":"takes","start":1232.39,"end":1232.68},{"text":"note","start":1232.68,"end":1232.99},{"text":"of","start":1232.99,"end":1233.09},{"text":"the","start":1233.09,"end":1233.2},{"text":"commission's","start":1233.2,"end":1233.67},{"text":"recommendation","start":1233.67,"end":1233.67}]},{"text":"Commission's recommendation of the draft articles to the General Assembly.","start":1233.67,"end":1237.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Commission's","start":1233.67,"end":1233.72},{"text":"recommendation","start":1233.72,"end":1234.56},{"text":"of","start":1235.01,"end":1235.15},{"text":"the","start":1235.18,"end":1235.24},{"text":"draft","start":1235.26,"end":1235.61},{"text":"articles","start":1235.61,"end":1236.14},{"text":"to","start":1236.22,"end":1236.42},{"text":"the","start":1236.42,"end":1236.5},{"text":"General","start":1236.52,"end":1236.83},{"text":"Assembly","start":1236.83,"end":1237.31}]},{"text":"It also takes note of the Commission's recommendation of the elaboration at an appropriate time of a convention on the basis of the draft articles.","start":1237.84,"end":1245.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1237.84,"end":1237.96},{"text":"also","start":1237.96,"end":1238.18},{"text":"takes","start":1238.18,"end":1238.46},{"text":"note","start":1238.46,"end":1238.81},{"text":"of","start":1238.81,"end":1238.92},{"text":"the","start":1238.92,"end":1239},{"text":"Commission's","start":1239,"end":1239.5},{"text":"recommendation","start":1239.5,"end":1240.39},{"text":"of","start":1240.42,"end":1240.51},{"text":"the","start":1240.54,"end":1240.66},{"text":"elaboration","start":1240.66,"end":1241.53},{"text":"at","start":1241.6,"end":1241.78},{"text":"an","start":1241.78,"end":1241.9},{"text":"appropriate","start":1241.9,"end":1242.38},{"text":"time","start":1242.38,"end":1242.8},{"text":"of","start":1243.16,"end":1243.29},{"text":"a","start":1243.3,"end":1243.38},{"text":"convention","start":1243.38,"end":1243.94},{"text":"on","start":1243.94,"end":1244.05},{"text":"the","start":1244.05,"end":1244.12},{"text":"basis","start":1244.14,"end":1244.56},{"text":"of","start":1244.56,"end":1244.66},{"text":"the","start":1244.7,"end":1244.78},{"text":"draft","start":1244.78,"end":1245.14},{"text":"articles","start":1245.14,"end":1245.67}]},{"text":"The Kingdom of the Netherlands can support a discussion of the topic in the sixth committee of the General Assembly during the 82nd session in 2027, while we note that there should be sufficient room for adjustments of the draft articles and if it is decided to take this topic forward.","start":1246.12,"end":1265.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1246.12,"end":1246.21},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1246.21,"end":1246.55},{"text":"of","start":1246.55,"end":1246.67},{"text":"the","start":1246.7,"end":1246.76},{"text":"Netherlands","start":1246.77,"end":1247.17},{"text":"can","start":1247.17,"end":1247.37},{"text":"support","start":1247.37,"end":1247.92},{"text":"a","start":1247.97,"end":1248.1},{"text":"discussion","start":1248.22,"end":1248.74},{"text":"of","start":1248.77,"end":1248.89},{"text":"the","start":1248.89,"end":1248.98},{"text":"topic","start":1248.98,"end":1249.36},{"text":"in","start":1249.36,"end":1249.47},{"text":"the","start":1249.47,"end":1249.52},{"text":"sixth","start":1249.52,"end":1249.79},{"text":"committee","start":1249.82,"end":1250.25},{"text":"of","start":1250.29,"end":1250.42},{"text":"the","start":1250.43,"end":1250.52},{"text":"General","start":1250.53,"end":1250.81},{"text":"Assembly","start":1250.81,"end":1251.33},{"text":"during","start":1251.81,"end":1252.24},{"text":"the","start":1252.33,"end":1252.46},{"text":"82nd","start":1252.81,"end":1253.97},{"text":"session","start":1254.25,"end":1254.81},{"text":"in","start":1254.84,"end":1254.96},{"text":"2027","start":1254.96,"end":1255.97},{"text":"while","start":1256.45,"end":1256.65},{"text":"we","start":1256.65,"end":1256.8},{"text":"note","start":1256.81,"end":1257.25},{"text":"that","start":1257.28,"end":1257.41},{"text":"there","start":1257.45,"end":1257.52},{"text":"should","start":1257.53,"end":1257.78},{"text":"be","start":1257.84,"end":1258},{"text":"sufficient","start":1258.05,"end":1258.63},{"text":"room","start":1258.63,"end":1258.94},{"text":"for","start":1258.94,"end":1259.11},{"text":"adjustments","start":1259.11,"end":1259.82},{"text":"of","start":1259.89,"end":1260.09},{"text":"the","start":1260.09,"end":1260.21},{"text":"draft","start":1260.21,"end":1260.55},{"text":"articles","start":1260.55,"end":1261.18},{"text":"and","start":1261.99,"end":1262.19},{"text":"if","start":1262.26,"end":1262.4},{"text":"it","start":1262.4,"end":1262.5},{"text":"is","start":1262.5,"end":1262.62},{"text":"decided","start":1262.62,"end":1263.16},{"text":"to","start":1263.22,"end":1263.39},{"text":"take","start":1263.39,"end":1263.73},{"text":"this","start":1264.07,"end":1264.35},{"text":"topic","start":1264.36,"end":1264.73},{"text":"forward","start":1264.75,"end":1265.35}]},{"text":"Chair for the topic general principles of of law, the Kingdom of the Netherlands would like to congratulate the special rapporteur and the commission for the conclusion of the work on this 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delegation welcomes the adoption by the commission of the 12 draft conclusions together with the commentaries thereto on second reading.","start":1276.94,"end":1284.65,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1276.94,"end":1277.13},{"text":"delegation","start":1277.13,"end":1277.77},{"text":"welcomes","start":1277.77,"end":1278.25},{"text":"the","start":1278.25,"end":1278.36},{"text":"adoption","start":1278.37,"end":1278.84},{"text":"by","start":1278.84,"end":1278.97},{"text":"the","start":1278.98,"end":1279.05},{"text":"commission","start":1279.05,"end":1279.58},{"text":"of","start":1279.58,"end":1279.71},{"text":"the","start":1279.73,"end":1279.82},{"text":"12","start":1279.82,"end":1280.17},{"text":"draft","start":1280.2,"end":1280.49},{"text":"conclusions","start":1280.49,"end":1281.22},{"text":"together","start":1281.61,"end":1281.97},{"text":"with","start":1281.97,"end":1282.15},{"text":"the","start":1282.17,"end":1282.24},{"text":"commentaries","start":1282.25,"end":1282.97},{"text":"thereto","start":1282.97,"end":1283.41},{"text":"on","start":1283.75,"end":1283.87},{"text":"second","start":1283.87,"end":1284.23},{"text":"reading","start":1284.25,"end":1284.65}]},{"text":"We also take note of the commission's recommendation that the General Assembly takes note of the draft conclusions in a resolution, ensure their widest dissemination and commend the draft the draft conclusions.","start":1285.13,"end":1297.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1285.13,"end":1285.33},{"text":"also","start":1285.49,"end":1285.97},{"text":"take","start":1285.98,"end":1286.17},{"text":"note","start":1286.22,"end":1286.5},{"text":"of","start":1286.5,"end":1286.6},{"text":"the","start":1286.6,"end":1286.71},{"text":"commission's","start":1286.71,"end":1287.2},{"text":"recommendation","start":1287.21,"end":1288.09},{"text":"that","start":1288.1,"end":1288.24},{"text":"the","start":1288.24,"end":1288.31},{"text":"General","start":1288.31,"end":1288.68},{"text":"Assembly","start":1288.68,"end":1289.16},{"text":"takes","start":1289.17,"end":1289.57},{"text":"note","start":1289.83,"end":1290.18},{"text":"of","start":1290.18,"end":1290.28},{"text":"the","start":1290.31,"end":1290.37},{"text":"draft","start":1290.39,"end":1290.68},{"text":"conclusions","start":1290.68,"end":1291.34},{"text":"in","start":1291.6,"end":1291.75},{"text":"a","start":1291.75,"end":1291.8},{"text":"resolution","start":1291.8,"end":1292.56},{"text":"ensure","start":1293.08,"end":1293.4},{"text":"their","start":1293.4,"end":1293.55},{"text":"widest","start":1293.55,"end":1294},{"text":"dissemination","start":1294.01,"end":1294.86},{"text":"and","start":1295.17,"end":1295.31},{"text":"commend","start":1295.31,"end":1295.75},{"text":"the","start":1295.85,"end":1295.91},{"text":"draft","start":1295.92,"end":1296.23},{"text":"the","start":1296.66,"end":1296.76},{"text":"draft","start":1296.77,"end":1297.05},{"text":"conclusions","start":1297.05,"end":1297.77}]},{"text":"My delegation appreciates the extensive range of examples of general principles of law provided in the commentaries.","start":1298.97,"end":1305.05,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1298.97,"end":1299.16},{"text":"delegation","start":1299.23,"end":1299.87},{"text":"appreciates","start":1299.87,"end":1300.49},{"text":"the","start":1300.52,"end":1300.61},{"text":"extensive","start":1300.61,"end":1301.16},{"text":"range","start":1301.16,"end":1301.45},{"text":"of","start":1301.45,"end":1301.55},{"text":"examples","start":1301.55,"end":1302.04},{"text":"of","start":1302.04,"end":1302.13},{"text":"general","start":1302.15,"end":1302.45},{"text":"principles","start":1302.46,"end":1303.05},{"text":"of","start":1303.05,"end":1303.17},{"text":"law","start":1303.18,"end":1303.5},{"text":"provided","start":1303.51,"end":1304.02},{"text":"in","start":1304.05,"end":1304.17},{"text":"the","start":1304.17,"end":1304.23},{"text":"commentaries","start":1304.25,"end":1305.05}]},{"text":"However, we would have welcomed further clarification on a number of issues.","start":1305.31,"end":1309.53,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"However","start":1305.31,"end":1305.82},{"text":"we","start":1305.85,"end":1305.94},{"text":"would","start":1305.96,"end":1306.11},{"text":"have","start":1306.13,"end":1306.25},{"text":"welcomed","start":1306.25,"end":1306.73},{"text":"further","start":1306.78,"end":1307.03},{"text":"clarification","start":1307.03,"end":1307.93},{"text":"on","start":1308.36,"end":1308.49},{"text":"a","start":1308.49,"end":1308.55},{"text":"number","start":1308.56,"end":1308.88},{"text":"of","start":1308.89,"end":1309.07},{"text":"issues","start":1309.07,"end":1309.53}]},{"text":"This includes the methodology on the identification of principles as general principles of law formed within the international legal system.","start":1310.21,"end":1318.84,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1310.21,"end":1310.47},{"text":"includes","start":1310.47,"end":1311.01},{"text":"the","start":1311.02,"end":1311.09},{"text":"methodology","start":1311.09,"end":1311.93},{"text":"on","start":1312.48,"end":1312.62},{"text":"the","start":1312.62,"end":1312.72},{"text":"identification","start":1312.72,"end":1313.6},{"text":"of","start":1313.6,"end":1313.72},{"text":"principles","start":1313.72,"end":1314.4},{"text":"as","start":1314.44,"end":1314.8},{"text":"general","start":1314.88,"end":1315.25},{"text":"principles","start":1315.25,"end":1315.9},{"text":"of","start":1315.96,"end":1316.08},{"text":"law","start":1316.08,"end":1316.36},{"text":"formed","start":1316.37,"end":1316.81},{"text":"within","start":1316.84,"end":1317.24},{"text":"the","start":1317.28,"end":1317.36},{"text":"international","start":1317.36,"end":1318.05},{"text":"legal","start":1318.05,"end":1318.35},{"text":"system","start":1318.35,"end":1318.84}]},{"text":"In particular, we note the use of the term intrinsic in the commentary to conclusion seven.","start":1320.38,"end":1326.06,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1320.38,"end":1320.52},{"text":"particular","start":1320.53,"end":1321.11},{"text":"we","start":1321.2,"end":1321.36},{"text":"note","start":1321.36,"end":1321.82},{"text":"the","start":1321.84,"end":1321.96},{"text":"use","start":1321.96,"end":1322.33},{"text":"of","start":1322.33,"end":1322.46},{"text":"the","start":1322.48,"end":1322.57},{"text":"term","start":1322.58,"end":1323.08},{"text":"intrinsic","start":1323.42,"end":1324.11},{"text":"in","start":1324.13,"end":1324.28},{"text":"the","start":1324.28,"end":1324.33},{"text":"commentary","start":1324.9,"end":1324.9},{"text":"to","start":1324.92,"end":1325.02},{"text":"conclusion","start":1325.02,"end":1325.59},{"text":"seven","start":1325.59,"end":1326.06}]},{"text":"My government understands that the term conveys that the principle reflects and regulates the basic features of the international legal system.","start":1326.72,"end":1334.26,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1326.72,"end":1326.9},{"text":"government","start":1326.9,"end":1327.47},{"text":"understands","start":1327.52,"end":1328.11},{"text":"that","start":1328.14,"end":1328.36},{"text":"the","start":1328.38,"end":1328.49},{"text":"term","start":1328.5,"end":1328.85},{"text":"conveys","start":1328.85,"end":1329.41},{"text":"that","start":1329.42,"end":1329.58},{"text":"the","start":1329.62,"end":1329.68},{"text":"principle","start":1329.7,"end":1330.29},{"text":"reflects","start":1330.29,"end":1330.83},{"text":"and","start":1330.83,"end":1330.94},{"text":"regulates","start":1330.94,"end":1331.53},{"text":"the","start":1331.54,"end":1331.62},{"text":"basic","start":1331.62,"end":1332.03},{"text":"features","start":1332.05,"end":1332.6},{"text":"of","start":1332.73,"end":1332.84},{"text":"the","start":1332.84,"end":1332.94},{"text":"international","start":1332.94,"end":1333.56},{"text":"legal","start":1333.56,"end":1333.82},{"text":"system","start":1333.82,"end":1334.26}]},{"text":"Still, it remains somewhat unclear what its precise meaning is, and why it would be of decisive significance in the methodology of identifying general principles of international law formed within the international legal system.","start":1334.9,"end":1350.28,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Still","start":1334.9,"end":1335.37},{"text":"it","start":1335.41,"end":1335.51},{"text":"remains","start":1335.55,"end":1336.06},{"text":"somewhat","start":1336.06,"end":1336.55},{"text":"unclear","start":1336.62,"end":1337.26},{"text":"what","start":1337.76,"end":1338},{"text":"its","start":1338,"end":1338.26},{"text":"precise","start":1338.26,"end":1338.79},{"text":"meaning","start":1338.79,"end":1339.16},{"text":"is","start":1339.2,"end":1339.61},{"text":"and","start":1339.64,"end":1339.98},{"text":"why","start":1340,"end":1340.32},{"text":"it","start":1340.32,"end":1340.45},{"text":"would","start":1340.47,"end":1340.71},{"text":"be","start":1340.72,"end":1340.91},{"text":"of","start":1340.92,"end":1341},{"text":"decisive","start":1341.21,"end":1341.88},{"text":"significance","start":1341.88,"end":1342.68},{"text":"in","start":1343.2,"end":1343.3},{"text":"the","start":1343.31,"end":1343.37},{"text":"methodology","start":1343.38,"end":1344.2},{"text":"of","start":1344.2,"end":1344.35},{"text":"identifying","start":1344.35,"end":1345.15},{"text":"general","start":1345.44,"end":1345.78},{"text":"principles","start":1345.8,"end":1346.36},{"text":"of","start":1346.41,"end":1346.56},{"text":"international","start":1346.56,"end":1347.14},{"text":"law","start":1347.14,"end":1347.43},{"text":"formed","start":1347.49,"end":1347.97},{"text":"within","start":1348,"end":1348.39},{"text":"the","start":1348.45,"end":1348.64},{"text":"international","start":1348.64,"end":1349.43},{"text":"legal","start":1349.51,"end":1349.82},{"text":"system","start":1349.84,"end":1350.28}]},{"text":"This question is particularly relevant in relation to the examples of thematic or subject specific principles discussed in the commentary.","start":1351.14,"end":1358.93,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1351.14,"end":1351.3},{"text":"question","start":1351.3,"end":1351.78},{"text":"is","start":1351.78,"end":1351.94},{"text":"particularly","start":1351.94,"end":1352.55},{"text":"relevant","start":1352.55,"end":1353.17},{"text":"in","start":1353.17,"end":1353.26},{"text":"relation","start":1353.26,"end":1353.79},{"text":"to","start":1353.8,"end":1353.94},{"text":"the","start":1353.95,"end":1354.02},{"text":"examples","start":1354.02,"end":1354.65},{"text":"of","start":1354.65,"end":1354.84},{"text":"thematic","start":1355.26,"end":1355.85},{"text":"or","start":1355.86,"end":1355.95},{"text":"subject","start":1355.95,"end":1356.42},{"text":"specific","start":1356.5,"end":1356.53},{"text":"principles","start":1356.53,"end":1357.63},{"text":"discussed","start":1357.68,"end":1358.12},{"text":"in","start":1358.12,"end":1358.22},{"text":"the","start":1358.22,"end":1358.29},{"text":"commentary","start":1358.29,"end":1358.93}]},{"text":"Principles such as sustainable development and intergenerational equity are closely associated with the field of international environmental law for which they are important.","start":1359.54,"end":1369.86,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Principles","start":1359.54,"end":1360.22},{"text":"such","start":1360.27,"end":1360.61},{"text":"as","start":1360.7,"end":1360.7},{"text":"sustainable","start":1360.7,"end":1361.31},{"text":"development","start":1361.31,"end":1362.02},{"text":"and","start":1362.07,"end":1362.28},{"text":"intergenerational","start":1362.31,"end":1363.27},{"text":"equity","start":1363.3,"end":1363.83},{"text":"are","start":1364.42,"end":1364.68},{"text":"closely","start":1364.68,"end":1365.2},{"text":"associated","start":1365.2,"end":1366},{"text":"with","start":1366,"end":1366.2},{"text":"the","start":1366.2,"end":1366.29},{"text":"field","start":1366.29,"end":1366.68},{"text":"of","start":1366.68,"end":1366.81},{"text":"international","start":1366.81,"end":1367.36},{"text":"environmental","start":1367.36,"end":1368.05},{"text":"law","start":1368.05,"end":1368.36},{"text":"for","start":1368.36,"end":1368.59},{"text":"which","start":1368.59,"end":1368.83},{"text":"they","start":1368.84,"end":1369},{"text":"are","start":1369,"end":1369.18},{"text":"important","start":1369.19,"end":1369.86}]},{"text":"The Kingdom of the Netherlands would therefore have appreciated further clarification as to why it is concluded that such principles reflect or regulate the basic features of the international legal system as a whole, rather than primarily reflecting the particular characteristics and objectives of a specific branch of international law.","start":1370.44,"end":1389.73,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1370.44,"end":1370.49},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1370.5,"end":1370.84},{"text":"of","start":1370.84,"end":1370.94},{"text":"the","start":1370.95,"end":1371.03},{"text":"Netherlands","start":1371.03,"end":1371.44},{"text":"would","start":1371.44,"end":1371.6},{"text":"therefore","start":1371.6,"end":1371.97},{"text":"have","start":1371.97,"end":1372.2},{"text":"appreciated","start":1372.2,"end":1372.85},{"text":"further","start":1372.87,"end":1373.17},{"text":"clarification","start":1373.18,"end":1374.12},{"text":"as","start":1374.64,"end":1374.94},{"text":"to","start":1375,"end":1375.18},{"text":"why","start":1375.2,"end":1375.49},{"text":"it","start":1375.52,"end":1375.64},{"text":"is","start":1375.64,"end":1375.77},{"text":"concluded","start":1375.78,"end":1376.36},{"text":"that","start":1376.36,"end":1376.52},{"text":"such","start":1376.56,"end":1376.93},{"text":"principles","start":1377.03,"end":1377.75},{"text":"reflect","start":1377.78,"end":1378.32},{"text":"or","start":1378.33,"end":1378.41},{"text":"regulate","start":1378.41,"end":1379.03},{"text":"the","start":1379.43,"end":1379.5},{"text":"basic","start":1379.5,"end":1379.94},{"text":"features","start":1379.94,"end":1380.38},{"text":"of","start":1380.39,"end":1380.54},{"text":"the","start":1380.54,"end":1380.65},{"text":"international","start":1380.66,"end":1381.3},{"text":"legal","start":1381.3,"end":1381.56},{"text":"system","start":1381.58,"end":1381.97},{"text":"as","start":1381.98,"end":1382.17},{"text":"a","start":1382.17,"end":1382.23},{"text":"whole","start":1382.23,"end":1382.66},{"text":"rather","start":1383.1,"end":1383.42},{"text":"than","start":1383.42,"end":1383.61},{"text":"primarily","start":1383.63,"end":1384.41},{"text":"reflecting","start":1384.42,"end":1385.03},{"text":"the","start":1385.03,"end":1385.1},{"text":"particular","start":1385.1,"end":1385.73},{"text":"characteristics","start":1385.74,"end":1386.68},{"text":"and","start":1386.69,"end":1386.82},{"text":"objectives","start":1386.84,"end":1387.46},{"text":"of","start":1387.46,"end":1387.6},{"text":"a","start":1387.6,"end":1387.64},{"text":"specific","start":1387.64,"end":1388.22},{"text":"branch","start":1388.26,"end":1388.7},{"text":"of","start":1388.71,"end":1388.87},{"text":"international","start":1388.87,"end":1389.53},{"text":"law","start":1389.54,"end":1389.73}]},{"text":"My delegation is further of the view that such thematic or subject specific principles may indeed constitute an important and established part of the law applicable within particular branches of international.","start":1390.65,"end":1403.02,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1390.65,"end":1390.83},{"text":"delegation","start":1390.83,"end":1391.46},{"text":"is","start":1391.46,"end":1391.74},{"text":"further","start":1391.77,"end":1392.09},{"text":"of","start":1392.09,"end":1392.21},{"text":"the","start":1392.21,"end":1392.32},{"text":"view","start":1392.33,"end":1392.67},{"text":"that","start":1392.69,"end":1392.89},{"text":"such","start":1392.89,"end":1393.3},{"text":"thematic","start":1393.3,"end":1393.88},{"text":"or","start":1393.88,"end":1394.01},{"text":"subject","start":1394.02,"end":1394.52},{"text":"specific","start":1394.58,"end":1395.14},{"text":"principles","start":1395.17,"end":1395.81},{"text":"may","start":1396.22,"end":1396.45},{"text":"indeed","start":1396.59,"end":1396.8},{"text":"constitute","start":1396.81,"end":1397.47},{"text":"an","start":1397.47,"end":1397.57},{"text":"important","start":1397.57,"end":1398.23},{"text":"and","start":1398.25,"end":1398.4},{"text":"established","start":1398.4,"end":1398.92},{"text":"part","start":1398.92,"end":1399.21},{"text":"of","start":1399.21,"end":1399.29},{"text":"the","start":1399.3,"end":1399.4},{"text":"law","start":1399.4,"end":1399.73},{"text":"applicable","start":1400.06,"end":1400.69},{"text":"within","start":1400.7,"end":1401.11},{"text":"particular","start":1401.21,"end":1401.68},{"text":"branches","start":1401.68,"end":1402.19},{"text":"of","start":1402.21,"end":1402.45},{"text":"international","start":1402.45,"end":1403.02}]},{"text":"law.","start":1403.12,"end":1403.36,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"law","start":1403.12,"end":1403.36}]},{"text":"As a seafaring nation with a long standing maritime tradition, my government considers freedom of navigation to be an established general principle of the law of the sea, a few that we have applied in practice and highlighted in our submissions to the Commission.","start":1404.88,"end":1420.87,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":1404.88,"end":1405.03},{"text":"a","start":1405.03,"end":1405.11},{"text":"seafaring","start":1405.12,"end":1405.72},{"text":"nation","start":1405.75,"end":1406.32},{"text":"with","start":1406.76,"end":1406.94},{"text":"a","start":1406.94,"end":1407.04},{"text":"long","start":1407.04,"end":1407.39},{"text":"standing","start":1407.4,"end":1407.92},{"text":"maritime","start":1407.92,"end":1408.47},{"text":"tradition","start":1408.47,"end":1409.08},{"text":"my","start":1409.23,"end":1409.41},{"text":"government","start":1409.41,"end":1409.93},{"text":"considers","start":1409.93,"end":1410.43},{"text":"freedom","start":1410.45,"end":1410.79},{"text":"of","start":1410.79,"end":1410.92},{"text":"navigation","start":1410.92,"end":1411.67},{"text":"to","start":1412.07,"end":1412.18},{"text":"be","start":1412.18,"end":1412.33},{"text":"an","start":1412.33,"end":1412.46},{"text":"established","start":1412.46,"end":1413},{"text":"general","start":1413.03,"end":1413.39},{"text":"principle","start":1413.39,"end":1413.91},{"text":"of","start":1413.93,"end":1414.06},{"text":"the","start":1414.06,"end":1414.18},{"text":"law","start":1414.19,"end":1414.46},{"text":"of","start":1414.51,"end":1414.65},{"text":"the","start":1414.67,"end":1414.76},{"text":"sea","start":1414.76,"end":1415.07},{"text":"a","start":1415.5,"end":1415.57},{"text":"few","start":1415.58,"end":1415.94},{"text":"that","start":1415.95,"end":1416.17},{"text":"we","start":1416.19,"end":1416.31},{"text":"have","start":1416.31,"end":1416.49},{"text":"applied","start":1416.49,"end":1417.05},{"text":"in","start":1417.09,"end":1417.21},{"text":"practice","start":1417.21,"end":1417.76},{"text":"and","start":1417.77,"end":1417.9},{"text":"highlighted","start":1417.91,"end":1418.55},{"text":"in","start":1418.55,"end":1418.67},{"text":"our","start":1418.69,"end":1418.89},{"text":"submissions","start":1418.9,"end":1419.63},{"text":"to","start":1419.89,"end":1420.13},{"text":"the","start":1420.25,"end":1420.34},{"text":"Commission","start":1420.35,"end":1420.87}]},{"text":"The Kingdom of the Netherlands looks forward to seeing how the ILC's conclusions and commentaries thereto will influence and contribute to the application of the general principles in the practice of states and by international courts and tribunals.","start":1421.45,"end":1435.29,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1421.45,"end":1421.54},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1421.55,"end":1421.85},{"text":"of","start":1421.85,"end":1421.98},{"text":"the","start":1421.98,"end":1422.06},{"text":"Netherlands","start":1422.06,"end":1422.55},{"text":"looks","start":1422.55,"end":1422.78},{"text":"forward","start":1422.79,"end":1423.32},{"text":"to","start":1423.81,"end":1423.93},{"text":"seeing","start":1423.93,"end":1424.36},{"text":"how","start":1424.37,"end":1424.6},{"text":"the","start":1424.69,"end":1424.69},{"text":"ILC's","start":1424.73,"end":1425.32},{"text":"conclusions","start":1425.32,"end":1425.95},{"text":"and","start":1425.96,"end":1426.05},{"text":"commentaries","start":1426.06,"end":1426.7},{"text":"thereto","start":1426.71,"end":1427.23},{"text":"will","start":1427.27,"end":1427.49},{"text":"influence","start":1427.49,"end":1428.1},{"text":"and","start":1428.1,"end":1428.2},{"text":"contribute","start":1428.21,"end":1428.74},{"text":"to","start":1428.77,"end":1428.91},{"text":"the","start":1428.91,"end":1429.04},{"text":"application","start":1429.04,"end":1429.71},{"text":"of","start":1429.71,"end":1429.81},{"text":"the","start":1429.82,"end":1429.91},{"text":"general","start":1429.91,"end":1430.26},{"text":"principles","start":1430.29,"end":1430.91},{"text":"in","start":1431.59,"end":1431.76},{"text":"the","start":1431.76,"end":1431.83},{"text":"practice","start":1431.83,"end":1432.29},{"text":"of","start":1432.29,"end":1432.39},{"text":"states","start":1432.39,"end":1432.92},{"text":"and","start":1432.95,"end":1433.12},{"text":"by","start":1433.13,"end":1433.35},{"text":"international","start":1433.35,"end":1433.96},{"text":"courts","start":1433.97,"end":1434.35},{"text":"and","start":1434.39,"end":1434.55},{"text":"tribunals","start":1434.56,"end":1435.29}]},{"text":"Chair, I will now turn to the topic other decisions and conclusions.","start":1436.25,"end":1440.02,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair","start":1436.25,"end":1436.6},{"text":"I","start":1436.63,"end":1436.75},{"text":"will","start":1436.75,"end":1436.88},{"text":"now","start":1436.88,"end":1437.08},{"text":"turn","start":1437.08,"end":1437.37},{"text":"to","start":1437.37,"end":1437.49},{"text":"the","start":1437.49,"end":1437.58},{"text":"topic","start":1437.59,"end":1438},{"text":"other","start":1438.07,"end":1438.32},{"text":"decisions","start":1438.32,"end":1438.95},{"text":"and","start":1438.95,"end":1439.1},{"text":"conclusions","start":1439.11,"end":1440.02}]},{"text":"My government welcomes the decision to take up the topic of identification and legal consequences of obligations ergo omnis in international law.","start":1440.54,"end":1448.33,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, state responsibility and countermeasures in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1440.54,"end":1440.67},{"text":"government","start":1440.67,"end":1441.15},{"text":"welcomes","start":1441.15,"end":1441.65},{"text":"the","start":1441.67,"end":1441.75},{"text":"decision","start":1441.87,"end":1442.28},{"text":"to","start":1442.28,"end":1442.39},{"text":"take","start":1442.39,"end":1442.65},{"text":"up","start":1442.65,"end":1442.81},{"text":"the","start":1442.81,"end":1442.9},{"text":"topic","start":1442.93,"end":1443.32},{"text":"of","start":1443.32,"end":1443.44},{"text":"identification","start":1443.46,"end":1444.35},{"text":"and","start":1444.36,"end":1444.45},{"text":"legal","start":1444.45,"end":1444.74},{"text":"consequences","start":1444.74,"end":1445.56},{"text":"of","start":1445.57,"end":1445.77},{"text":"obligations","start":1445.77,"end":1446.45},{"text":"ergo","start":1446.48,"end":1446.78},{"text":"omnis","start":1446.81,"end":1447.26},{"text":"in","start":1447.33,"end":1447.49},{"text":"international","start":1447.49,"end":1448.12},{"text":"law","start":1448.13,"end":1448.33}]},{"text":"For consideration by the commission, we would like to make some preliminary comments on this topic.","start":1449.05,"end":1454.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":1449.05,"end":1449.22},{"text":"consideration","start":1449.23,"end":1449.99},{"text":"by","start":1449.99,"end":1450.17},{"text":"the","start":1450.2,"end":1450.26},{"text":"commission","start":1450.27,"end":1450.83},{"text":"we","start":1451.24,"end":1451.33},{"text":"would","start":1451.33,"end":1451.49},{"text":"like","start":1451.5,"end":1451.66},{"text":"to","start":1451.69,"end":1451.79},{"text":"make","start":1451.79,"end":1452.02},{"text":"some","start":1452.03,"end":1452.26},{"text":"preliminary","start":1452.26,"end":1452.83},{"text":"comments","start":1452.83,"end":1453.29},{"text":"on","start":1453.32,"end":1453.45},{"text":"this","start":1453.45,"end":1453.64},{"text":"topic","start":1453.65,"end":1454.09}]},{"text":"First, my government considers it important to distinguish between the normative normative hierarchical status of a norm and the scope, rationa personae of the norm's application.","start":1454.5,"end":1466,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, state responsibility and countermeasures in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"First","start":1454.5,"end":1454.88},{"text":"my","start":1454.91,"end":1455.03},{"text":"government","start":1455.03,"end":1455.04},{"text":"considers","start":1455.04,"end":1456.16},{"text":"it","start":1456.57,"end":1456.71},{"text":"important","start":1456.71,"end":1457.28},{"text":"to","start":1457.28,"end":1457.41},{"text":"distinguish","start":1457.42,"end":1457.43},{"text":"between","start":1457.43,"end":1458.43},{"text":"the","start":1458.43,"end":1458.51},{"text":"normative","start":1458.51,"end":1458.51},{"text":"normative","start":1459.14,"end":1459.67},{"text":"hierarchical","start":1459.71,"end":1460.41},{"text":"status","start":1460.79,"end":1461.24},{"text":"of","start":1461.24,"end":1461.38},{"text":"a","start":1461.38,"end":1461.43},{"text":"norm","start":1461.43,"end":1461.79},{"text":"and","start":1461.81,"end":1461.94},{"text":"the","start":1461.94,"end":1461.98},{"text":"scope","start":1461.98,"end":1462.39},{"text":"rationa","start":1462.39,"end":1462.95},{"text":"personae","start":1462.95,"end":1463.67},{"text":"of","start":1464.35,"end":1464.52},{"text":"the","start":1464.53,"end":1464.72},{"text":"norm's","start":1464.86,"end":1465.21},{"text":"application","start":1465.21,"end":1466}]},{"text":"While all peremptory norms are apply ergo omnes, not all obligations ergo omnes are peremptory norms.","start":1466.51,"end":1473.46,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. 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Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, state responsibility and countermeasures in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"Those","start":1482.68,"end":1482.95},{"text":"legal","start":1482.95,"end":1483.2},{"text":"consequences","start":1483.2,"end":1483.97},{"text":"are","start":1483.97,"end":1484.06},{"text":"different","start":1484.08,"end":1484.59},{"text":"in","start":1484.6,"end":1484.69},{"text":"important","start":1484.73,"end":1485.22},{"text":"ways","start":1485.24,"end":1485.7},{"text":"most","start":1486.16,"end":1486.44},{"text":"pertinently","start":1486.44,"end":1487.24},{"text":"with","start":1487.24,"end":1487.44},{"text":"respect","start":1487.45,"end":1487.84},{"text":"to","start":1487.84,"end":1487.96},{"text":"obligations","start":1487.96,"end":1488.78},{"text":"as","start":1489.16,"end":1489.31},{"text":"a","start":1489.31,"end":1489.35},{"text":"consequence","start":1489.35,"end":1490.07},{"text":"of","start":1490.14,"end":1490.27},{"text":"a","start":1490.27,"end":1490.32},{"text":"breach","start":1490.32,"end":1490.87}]},{"text":"In this sense, article 41 of the articles on state responsibility prescribes the legal consequences of serious breaches of a peremptory norm.","start":1491.76,"end":1500.62,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, state responsibility and countermeasures in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1491.76,"end":1491.91},{"text":"this","start":1491.92,"end":1492.08},{"text":"sense","start":1492.08,"end":1492.6},{"text":"article","start":1492.64,"end":1493.04},{"text":"41","start":1493.04,"end":1493.71},{"text":"of","start":1493.71,"end":1493.87},{"text":"the","start":1493.88,"end":1494.04},{"text":"articles","start":1494.04,"end":1494.61},{"text":"on","start":1494.61,"end":1494.7},{"text":"state","start":1494.7,"end":1494.96},{"text":"responsibility","start":1495.47,"end":1495.94},{"text":"prescribes","start":1496.43,"end":1497.16},{"text":"the","start":1497.18,"end":1497.26},{"text":"legal","start":1497.26,"end":1497.51},{"text":"consequences","start":1497.52,"end":1498.34},{"text":"of","start":1498.34,"end":1498.42},{"text":"serious","start":1498.43,"end":1498.9},{"text":"breaches","start":1498.9,"end":1499.36},{"text":"of","start":1499.36,"end":1499.49},{"text":"a","start":1499.49,"end":1499.56},{"text":"peremptory","start":1499.56,"end":1500.23},{"text":"norm","start":1500.26,"end":1500.62}]},{"text":"These consequences follow from the peremptory nature of the norm breached, not because it applies erge omnis.","start":1501.15,"end":1507.39,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, state responsibility and countermeasures in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":1501.15,"end":1501.39},{"text":"consequences","start":1501.4,"end":1502.14},{"text":"follow","start":1502.18,"end":1502.5},{"text":"from","start":1502.5,"end":1502.76},{"text":"the","start":1502.77,"end":1502.84},{"text":"peremptory","start":1502.86,"end":1503.43},{"text":"nature","start":1503.46,"end":1503.91},{"text":"of","start":1503.91,"end":1504.06},{"text":"the","start":1504.1,"end":1504.17},{"text":"norm","start":1504.18,"end":1504.47},{"text":"breached","start":1504.47,"end":1504.88},{"text":"not","start":1505.3,"end":1505.48},{"text":"because","start":1505.52,"end":1505.93},{"text":"it","start":1505.94,"end":1506.05},{"text":"applies","start":1506.05,"end":1506.5},{"text":"erge","start":1506.52,"end":1506.81},{"text":"omnis","start":1506.84,"end":1507.39}]},{"text":"The erge omnis application entitles rather than obliges states to act, whereas the peremptory norm nature of the norm obliges states to act.","start":1507.8,"end":1517.28,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, state responsibility and countermeasures in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1507.8,"end":1507.96},{"text":"erge","start":1507.96,"end":1508.23},{"text":"omnis","start":1508.23,"end":1508.64},{"text":"application","start":1508.64,"end":1509.43},{"text":"entitles","start":1509.76,"end":1510.6},{"text":"rather","start":1510.6,"end":1510.92},{"text":"than","start":1510.92,"end":1511.12},{"text":"obliges","start":1511.12,"end":1511.8},{"text":"states","start":1511.8,"end":1512.21},{"text":"to","start":1512.22,"end":1512.33},{"text":"act","start":1512.38,"end":1512.71},{"text":"whereas","start":1512.76,"end":1513.04},{"text":"the","start":1513.04,"end":1513.13},{"text":"peremptory","start":1513.13,"end":1513.77},{"text":"norm","start":1513.79,"end":1514.08},{"text":"nature","start":1514.08,"end":1514.48},{"text":"of","start":1514.52,"end":1514.64},{"text":"the","start":1514.64,"end":1514.75},{"text":"norm","start":1514.76,"end":1515.05},{"text":"obliges","start":1515.65,"end":1516.32},{"text":"states","start":1516.39,"end":1516.78},{"text":"to","start":1516.8,"end":1516.95},{"text":"act","start":1516.99,"end":1517.28}]},{"text":"Chair, one of the entitlements flowing from ergo omnisopplication is the right to take countermeasures in the collective interest.","start":1518.09,"end":1525.22,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, state responsibility and countermeasures in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair","start":1518.09,"end":1518.38},{"text":"one","start":1518.4,"end":1518.6},{"text":"of","start":1518.6,"end":1518.69},{"text":"the","start":1518.72,"end":1519.04},{"text":"entitlements","start":1519.16,"end":1519.85},{"text":"flowing","start":1520.06,"end":1520.43},{"text":"from","start":1520.46,"end":1520.83},{"text":"ergo","start":1520.9,"end":1521.22},{"text":"omnisopplication","start":1521.24,"end":1522.31},{"text":"is","start":1522.31,"end":1522.46},{"text":"the","start":1522.47,"end":1522.57},{"text":"right","start":1522.58,"end":1522.82},{"text":"to","start":1522.82,"end":1522.92},{"text":"take","start":1522.92,"end":1523.14},{"text":"countermeasures","start":1523.14,"end":1523.92},{"text":"in","start":1523.98,"end":1524.1},{"text":"the","start":1524.1,"end":1524.19},{"text":"collective","start":1524.2,"end":1524.7},{"text":"interest","start":1524.7,"end":1525.22}]},{"text":"For my government, it is important for the commission not to adopt an approach that is too narrow.","start":1525.74,"end":1530.42,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":1525.74,"end":1525.86},{"text":"my","start":1525.86,"end":1526.02},{"text":"government","start":1526.03,"end":1526.57},{"text":"it","start":1526.57,"end":1526.67},{"text":"is","start":1526.67,"end":1526.8},{"text":"important","start":1526.82,"end":1527.31},{"text":"for","start":1527.31,"end":1527.5},{"text":"the","start":1527.5,"end":1527.58},{"text":"commission","start":1527.58,"end":1528.14},{"text":"not","start":1528.14,"end":1528.42},{"text":"to","start":1528.42,"end":1528.58},{"text":"adopt","start":1528.58,"end":1528.97},{"text":"an","start":1528.98,"end":1529.08},{"text":"approach","start":1529.08,"end":1529.52},{"text":"that","start":1529.55,"end":1529.7},{"text":"is","start":1529.7,"end":1529.84},{"text":"too","start":1529.86,"end":1530.02},{"text":"narrow","start":1530.02,"end":1530.42}]},{"text":"In particular, my government would like to see the inclusion of the topic of countermeasures in the general interest in the work of the commission.","start":1530.94,"end":1538.28,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, state responsibility and countermeasures in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1530.94,"end":1531.04},{"text":"particular","start":1531.04,"end":1531.62},{"text":"my","start":1531.66,"end":1531.8},{"text":"government","start":1531.8,"end":1532.28},{"text":"would","start":1532.3,"end":1532.43},{"text":"like","start":1532.43,"end":1532.67},{"text":"to","start":1532.67,"end":1532.82},{"text":"see","start":1532.86,"end":1533.2},{"text":"the","start":1533.2,"end":1533.31},{"text":"inclusion","start":1533.32,"end":1533.94},{"text":"of","start":1533.94,"end":1534.04},{"text":"the","start":1534.04,"end":1534.14},{"text":"topic","start":1534.16,"end":1534.55},{"text":"of","start":1534.55,"end":1534.64},{"text":"countermeasures","start":1534.64,"end":1535.38},{"text":"in","start":1535.73,"end":1535.89},{"text":"the","start":1535.89,"end":1536},{"text":"general","start":1536,"end":1536.36},{"text":"interest","start":1536.36,"end":1536.92},{"text":"in","start":1536.96,"end":1537.13},{"text":"the","start":1537.13,"end":1537.22},{"text":"work","start":1537.22,"end":1537.54},{"text":"of","start":1537.54,"end":1537.66},{"text":"the","start":1537.66,"end":1537.75},{"text":"commission","start":1537.75,"end":1538.28}]},{"text":"It is a topic that presently is very much debated and the views of the commission would therefore be welcome.","start":1539.28,"end":1544.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1539.28,"end":1539.41},{"text":"is","start":1539.41,"end":1539.55},{"text":"a","start":1539.55,"end":1539.6},{"text":"topic","start":1539.6,"end":1540.01},{"text":"that","start":1540.01,"end":1540.16},{"text":"presently","start":1540.16,"end":1540.84},{"text":"is","start":1540.88,"end":1541.12},{"text":"very","start":1541.12,"end":1541.34},{"text":"much","start":1541.34,"end":1541.63},{"text":"debated","start":1541.64,"end":1542.25},{"text":"and","start":1542.25,"end":1542.4},{"text":"the","start":1542.4,"end":1542.47},{"text":"views","start":1542.48,"end":1542.84},{"text":"of","start":1542.84,"end":1542.93},{"text":"the","start":1542.94,"end":1543.02},{"text":"commission","start":1543.04,"end":1543.58},{"text":"would","start":1543.6,"end":1543.76},{"text":"therefore","start":1543.76,"end":1544.12},{"text":"be","start":1544.13,"end":1544.29},{"text":"welcome","start":1544.29,"end":1544.81}]},{"text":"In the future, of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, it is the ominous nature of an obligation that triggers the right to take countermeasures in the general interest.","start":1545.4,"end":1553.4,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, state responsibility and countermeasures in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1545.4,"end":1545.51},{"text":"the","start":1545.52,"end":1545.6},{"text":"future","start":1545.6,"end":1545.81},{"text":"of","start":1545.87,"end":1546},{"text":"the","start":1546,"end":1546.08},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1546.11,"end":1546.49},{"text":"of","start":1546.49,"end":1546.61},{"text":"the","start":1546.61,"end":1546.72},{"text":"Netherlands","start":1546.72,"end":1547.28},{"text":"it","start":1547.29,"end":1547.46},{"text":"is","start":1547.46,"end":1547.58},{"text":"the","start":1547.59,"end":1547.71},{"text":"ominous","start":1548.08,"end":1548.42},{"text":"nature","start":1548.43,"end":1548.78},{"text":"of","start":1548.79,"end":1548.92},{"text":"an","start":1548.92,"end":1549.03},{"text":"obligation","start":1549.03,"end":1549.68},{"text":"that","start":1550.06,"end":1550.23},{"text":"triggers","start":1550.23,"end":1550.64},{"text":"the","start":1550.66,"end":1550.74},{"text":"right","start":1550.75,"end":1551},{"text":"to","start":1551,"end":1551.12},{"text":"take","start":1551.12,"end":1551.32},{"text":"countermeasures","start":1551.35,"end":1552.19},{"text":"in","start":1552.23,"end":1552.39},{"text":"the","start":1552.39,"end":1552.51},{"text":"general","start":1552.51,"end":1552.88},{"text":"interest","start":1552.91,"end":1553.4}]},{"text":"The Kingdom of the Netherlands further notes that the topic, the right to regulate in in international investment law is included in the long term program of work, which my government welcomes.","start":1554.87,"end":1565.4,"topics":[{"key":"investment-regulatory-rights","label":"Right to Regulate in International Investment Law","description":"Several delegations supported examining states’ right to regulate under international investment law. The proposed work would clarify legal uncertainties and the balance between investment protection, economic sovereignty and sustainable development."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1554.87,"end":1554.96},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1554.96,"end":1555.29},{"text":"of","start":1555.29,"end":1555.4},{"text":"the","start":1555.41,"end":1555.5},{"text":"Netherlands","start":1555.5,"end":1555.91},{"text":"further","start":1555.92,"end":1556.19},{"text":"notes","start":1556.19,"end":1556.56},{"text":"that","start":1556.56,"end":1556.74},{"text":"the","start":1556.74,"end":1556.81},{"text":"topic","start":1556.81,"end":1557.31},{"text":"the","start":1557.63,"end":1557.72},{"text":"right","start":1557.72,"end":1558.03},{"text":"to","start":1558.03,"end":1558.19},{"text":"regulate","start":1558.19,"end":1558.79},{"text":"in","start":1558.94,"end":1559.14},{"text":"in","start":1559.78,"end":1559.93},{"text":"international","start":1559.93,"end":1560.45},{"text":"investment","start":1560.45,"end":1560.93},{"text":"law","start":1560.93,"end":1561.15},{"text":"is","start":1561.5,"end":1561.68},{"text":"included","start":1561.69,"end":1562.23},{"text":"in","start":1562.25,"end":1562.37},{"text":"the","start":1562.37,"end":1562.43},{"text":"long","start":1562.45,"end":1562.73},{"text":"term","start":1562.73,"end":1563.04},{"text":"program","start":1563.05,"end":1563.46},{"text":"of","start":1563.48,"end":1563.57},{"text":"work","start":1563.57,"end":1563.89},{"text":"which","start":1563.95,"end":1564.16},{"text":"my","start":1564.18,"end":1564.3},{"text":"government","start":1564.3,"end":1564.77},{"text":"welcomes","start":1564.77,"end":1565.4}]},{"text":"Lastly, on possible topics for the commission to consider, the Kingdom of the Netherlands would like to reiterate its call for an international discussion on the implications under international law of possessing dual nationality and the inability under certain jurisdictions to renounce a second nationality.","start":1565.89,"end":1583.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Lastly","start":1565.89,"end":1566.42},{"text":"on","start":1566.45,"end":1566.58},{"text":"possible","start":1566.58,"end":1567.16},{"text":"topics","start":1567.17,"end":1567.64},{"text":"for","start":1567.65,"end":1567.83},{"text":"the","start":1567.83,"end":1567.92},{"text":"commission","start":1567.92,"end":1568.43},{"text":"to","start":1568.45,"end":1568.55},{"text":"consider","start":1568.55,"end":1569.04},{"text":"the","start":1569.49,"end":1569.58},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1569.58,"end":1569.96},{"text":"of","start":1569.96,"end":1570.07},{"text":"the","start":1570.09,"end":1570.18},{"text":"Netherlands","start":1570.2,"end":1570.58},{"text":"would","start":1570.58,"end":1570.74},{"text":"like","start":1570.74,"end":1570.94},{"text":"to","start":1570.95,"end":1571.13},{"text":"reiterate","start":1571.14,"end":1571.78},{"text":"its","start":1571.9,"end":1572.05},{"text":"call","start":1572.05,"end":1572.34},{"text":"for","start":1572.34,"end":1572.51},{"text":"an","start":1572.51,"end":1572.61},{"text":"international","start":1572.63,"end":1573.27},{"text":"discussion","start":1573.27,"end":1573.89},{"text":"on","start":1574.29,"end":1574.42},{"text":"the","start":1574.42,"end":1574.51},{"text":"implications","start":1574.51,"end":1575.38},{"text":"under","start":1575.44,"end":1575.66},{"text":"international","start":1575.67,"end":1576.32},{"text":"law","start":1576.32,"end":1576.62},{"text":"of","start":1576.99,"end":1577.11},{"text":"possessing","start":1577.12,"end":1577.65},{"text":"dual","start":1577.65,"end":1577.96},{"text":"nationality","start":1577.96,"end":1578.87},{"text":"and","start":1579.24,"end":1579.42},{"text":"the","start":1579.43,"end":1579.52},{"text":"inability","start":1579.6,"end":1580.39},{"text":"under","start":1580.44,"end":1580.66},{"text":"certain","start":1580.66,"end":1581.03},{"text":"jurisdictions","start":1581.04,"end":1581.89},{"text":"to","start":1581.9,"end":1582.07},{"text":"renounce","start":1582.07,"end":1582.67},{"text":"a","start":1582.71,"end":1582.77},{"text":"second","start":1582.77,"end":1583.15},{"text":"nationality","start":1583.19,"end":1583.95}]},{"text":"This also relates to the exercise of diplomatic protection, the provision of consular consular assistance, and the difficulties encountered when it comes to dual nationals.","start":1584.73,"end":1594.4,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1584.73,"end":1584.89},{"text":"also","start":1584.89,"end":1585.21},{"text":"relates","start":1585.21,"end":1585.69},{"text":"to","start":1585.69,"end":1585.88},{"text":"the","start":1585.89,"end":1586.08},{"text":"exercise","start":1586.09,"end":1586.76},{"text":"of","start":1586.77,"end":1586.87},{"text":"diplomatic","start":1586.87,"end":1587.41},{"text":"protection","start":1587.41,"end":1588.11},{"text":"the","start":1588.45,"end":1588.54},{"text":"provision","start":1588.55,"end":1589.04},{"text":"of","start":1589.05,"end":1589.17},{"text":"consular","start":1589.8,"end":1589.8},{"text":"consular","start":1589.8,"end":1590.25},{"text":"assistance","start":1590.25,"end":1590.96},{"text":"and","start":1591.32,"end":1591.45},{"text":"the","start":1591.46,"end":1591.51},{"text":"difficulties","start":1591.51,"end":1592.21},{"text":"encountered","start":1592.24,"end":1592.77},{"text":"when","start":1592.77,"end":1592.94},{"text":"it","start":1592.94,"end":1593.04},{"text":"comes","start":1593.04,"end":1593.31},{"text":"to","start":1593.34,"end":1593.45},{"text":"dual","start":1593.46,"end":1593.74},{"text":"nationals","start":1593.74,"end":1594.4}]},{"text":"My government is of the view that the IOC is well equipped to examine issues related to dual nationals and the renunciation of a second nationality, including the scope of the right to nationality.","start":1595.06,"end":1606.78,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1595.06,"end":1595.23},{"text":"government","start":1595.29,"end":1595.84},{"text":"is","start":1595.84,"end":1595.97},{"text":"of","start":1595.97,"end":1596.07},{"text":"the","start":1596.09,"end":1596.18},{"text":"view","start":1596.18,"end":1596.49},{"text":"that","start":1596.49,"end":1596.61},{"text":"the","start":1596.62,"end":1596.73},{"text":"IOC","start":1596.77,"end":1597.3},{"text":"is","start":1597.33,"end":1597.48},{"text":"well","start":1597.49,"end":1597.73},{"text":"equipped","start":1597.77,"end":1598.21},{"text":"to","start":1598.23,"end":1598.38},{"text":"examine","start":1598.39,"end":1598.86},{"text":"issues","start":1598.87,"end":1599.27},{"text":"related","start":1599.31,"end":1599.71},{"text":"to","start":1599.73,"end":1599.87},{"text":"dual","start":1599.88,"end":1600.18},{"text":"nationals","start":1600.18,"end":1600.83},{"text":"and","start":1601.19,"end":1601.35},{"text":"the","start":1601.35,"end":1601.47},{"text":"renunciation","start":1601.49,"end":1602.55},{"text":"of","start":1602.55,"end":1602.69},{"text":"a","start":1602.69,"end":1602.73},{"text":"second","start":1602.73,"end":1603.11},{"text":"nationality","start":1603.11,"end":1603.86},{"text":"including","start":1604.39,"end":1604.88},{"text":"the","start":1604.88,"end":1604.96},{"text":"scope","start":1604.96,"end":1605.39},{"text":"of","start":1605.39,"end":1605.49},{"text":"the","start":1605.51,"end":1605.59},{"text":"right","start":1605.59,"end":1605.87},{"text":"to","start":1605.88,"end":1605.99},{"text":"nationality","start":1605.99,"end":1606.78}]},{"text":"In light of these considerations, we would like to recall our previous invitation to the Commission to include this topic in its program of work.","start":1607.2,"end":1615.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1607.2,"end":1607.28},{"text":"light","start":1607.31,"end":1607.61},{"text":"of","start":1607.62,"end":1607.7},{"text":"these","start":1607.71,"end":1607.91},{"text":"considerations","start":1607.91,"end":1608.94},{"text":"we","start":1608.95,"end":1609.04},{"text":"would","start":1609.04,"end":1609.21},{"text":"like","start":1609.21,"end":1609.39},{"text":"to","start":1609.4,"end":1609.55},{"text":"recall","start":1609.58,"end":1610.12},{"text":"our","start":1610.15,"end":1610.39},{"text":"previous","start":1610.39,"end":1610.71},{"text":"invitation","start":1610.9,"end":1611.58},{"text":"to","start":1611.58,"end":1611.75},{"text":"the","start":1611.75,"end":1611.82},{"text":"Commission","start":1611.82,"end":1612.37},{"text":"to","start":1612.78,"end":1612.95},{"text":"include","start":1612.98,"end":1613.46},{"text":"this","start":1613.46,"end":1613.61},{"text":"topic","start":1613.61,"end":1614.02},{"text":"in","start":1614.02,"end":1614.18},{"text":"its","start":1614.18,"end":1614.32},{"text":"program","start":1614.32,"end":1614.78},{"text":"of","start":1614.78,"end":1614.94},{"text":"work","start":1614.94,"end":1615.23}]},{"text":"Chair, let me conclude this statement with the topic sea level rise in relation to international law.","start":1615.9,"end":1620.94,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair","start":1615.9,"end":1616.24},{"text":"let","start":1616.46,"end":1616.64},{"text":"me","start":1616.64,"end":1616.77},{"text":"conclude","start":1616.78,"end":1617.3},{"text":"this","start":1617.3,"end":1617.39},{"text":"statement","start":1617.42,"end":1617.93},{"text":"with","start":1617.93,"end":1618.07},{"text":"the","start":1618.08,"end":1618.16},{"text":"topic","start":1618.18,"end":1618.54},{"text":"sea","start":1618.56,"end":1618.74},{"text":"level","start":1618.74,"end":1619.02},{"text":"rise","start":1619.05,"end":1619.37},{"text":"in","start":1619.38,"end":1619.46},{"text":"relation","start":1619.49,"end":1619.91},{"text":"to","start":1619.91,"end":1620.04},{"text":"international","start":1620.06,"end":1620.66},{"text":"law","start":1620.66,"end":1620.94}]},{"text":"As emphasized by the Kingdom of the Netherlands, before numerous courts and tribunals, as well as in order for a significant part of our population has lived below the sea level for centuries.","start":1621.67,"end":1632.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":1621.67,"end":1621.9},{"text":"emphasized","start":1621.91,"end":1622.49},{"text":"by","start":1622.5,"end":1622.62},{"text":"the","start":1622.63,"end":1622.7},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1622.71,"end":1623.06},{"text":"of","start":1623.06,"end":1623.18},{"text":"the","start":1623.19,"end":1623.28},{"text":"Netherlands","start":1623.29,"end":1623.7},{"text":"before","start":1623.71,"end":1624.08},{"text":"numerous","start":1624.1,"end":1624.53},{"text":"courts","start":1624.53,"end":1624.9},{"text":"and","start":1624.9,"end":1625.02},{"text":"tribunals","start":1625.02,"end":1625.63},{"text":"as","start":1625.63,"end":1625.82},{"text":"well","start":1625.83,"end":1626},{"text":"as","start":1626,"end":1626.14},{"text":"in","start":1626.15,"end":1626.25},{"text":"order","start":1626.25,"end":1626.42},{"text":"for","start":1626.42,"end":1626.76},{"text":"a","start":1626.77,"end":1627.5},{"text":"significant","start":1627.5,"end":1628.14},{"text":"part","start":1628.16,"end":1628.51},{"text":"of","start":1628.51,"end":1628.63},{"text":"our","start":1628.64,"end":1628.85},{"text":"population","start":1628.85,"end":1629.61},{"text":"has","start":1629.61,"end":1629.85},{"text":"lived","start":1629.86,"end":1630.21},{"text":"below","start":1630.26,"end":1630.61},{"text":"the","start":1630.61,"end":1630.81},{"text":"sea","start":1631.16,"end":1631.4},{"text":"level","start":1631.4,"end":1631.71},{"text":"for","start":1631.72,"end":1631.9},{"text":"centuries","start":1631.9,"end":1632.55}]},{"text":"The Kingdom of the Netherlands is not alone in this.","start":1633.08,"end":1635.36,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1633.08,"end":1633.16},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1633.16,"end":1633.54},{"text":"of","start":1633.54,"end":1633.65},{"text":"the","start":1633.65,"end":1633.73},{"text":"Netherlands","start":1633.75,"end":1634.2},{"text":"is","start":1634.2,"end":1634.3},{"text":"not","start":1634.31,"end":1634.49},{"text":"alone","start":1634.49,"end":1634.88},{"text":"in","start":1634.88,"end":1635},{"text":"this","start":1635,"end":1635.36}]},{"text":"Millions of people all over the world are living below or just above sea level.","start":1635.73,"end":1640.24,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"Millions","start":1635.73,"end":1636.24},{"text":"of","start":1636.24,"end":1636.33},{"text":"people","start":1636.35,"end":1636.69},{"text":"all","start":1636.82,"end":1637.07},{"text":"over","start":1637.1,"end":1637.36},{"text":"the","start":1637.36,"end":1637.45},{"text":"world","start":1637.45,"end":1637.85},{"text":"are","start":1637.86,"end":1637.98},{"text":"living","start":1637.98,"end":1638.36},{"text":"below","start":1638.38,"end":1638.83},{"text":"or","start":1638.86,"end":1639.02},{"text":"just","start":1639.02,"end":1639.34},{"text":"above","start":1639.35,"end":1639.68},{"text":"sea","start":1639.68,"end":1639.87},{"text":"level","start":1639.88,"end":1640.24}]},{"text":"With a rising sea level, threats are multiplied and the implications thereof will become more and more visible.","start":1640.75,"end":1647.04,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"With","start":1640.75,"end":1640.93},{"text":"a","start":1640.94,"end":1641.07},{"text":"rising","start":1641.07,"end":1641.53},{"text":"sea","start":1641.54,"end":1641.75},{"text":"level","start":1641.78,"end":1642.14},{"text":"threats","start":1642.15,"end":1642.64},{"text":"are","start":1642.65,"end":1642.74},{"text":"multiplied","start":1642.74,"end":1643.51},{"text":"and","start":1643.51,"end":1643.65},{"text":"the","start":1643.65,"end":1643.73},{"text":"implications","start":1643.73,"end":1644.46},{"text":"thereof","start":1644.47,"end":1644.88},{"text":"will","start":1645.28,"end":1645.48},{"text":"become","start":1645.5,"end":1645.88},{"text":"more","start":1645.94,"end":1646.22},{"text":"and","start":1646.26,"end":1646.34},{"text":"more","start":1646.34,"end":1646.54},{"text":"visible","start":1646.54,"end":1647.04}]},{"text":"In our statement last year, my government noted the progress made on the topic of sea level rise by the commission.","start":1647.64,"end":1653.32,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1647.64,"end":1647.78},{"text":"our","start":1647.78,"end":1648.02},{"text":"statement","start":1648.03,"end":1648.55},{"text":"last","start":1648.55,"end":1648.87},{"text":"year","start":1648.87,"end":1649.16},{"text":"my","start":1649.17,"end":1649.38},{"text":"government","start":1649.38,"end":1649.67},{"text":"noted","start":1649.88,"end":1650.24},{"text":"the","start":1650.28,"end":1650.34},{"text":"progress","start":1650.34,"end":1650.81},{"text":"made","start":1650.82,"end":1651.11},{"text":"on","start":1651.12,"end":1651.22},{"text":"the","start":1651.22,"end":1651.3},{"text":"topic","start":1651.3,"end":1651.68},{"text":"of","start":1651.68,"end":1651.76},{"text":"sea","start":1651.76,"end":1651.96},{"text":"level","start":1651.96,"end":1652.22},{"text":"rise","start":1652.22,"end":1652.53},{"text":"by","start":1652.54,"end":1652.7},{"text":"the","start":1652.72,"end":1652.78},{"text":"commission","start":1652.78,"end":1653.32}]},{"text":"However, we also highlighted that several fundamental questions remained unanswered.","start":1653.82,"end":1659.16,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"However","start":1653.82,"end":1654.4},{"text":"we","start":1654.44,"end":1654.6},{"text":"also","start":1654.64,"end":1654.93},{"text":"highlighted","start":1654.93,"end":1655.6},{"text":"that","start":1655.61,"end":1655.77},{"text":"several","start":1655.77,"end":1656.28},{"text":"fundamental","start":1656.29,"end":1656.92},{"text":"questions","start":1656.92,"end":1657.46},{"text":"remained","start":1657.72,"end":1658.23},{"text":"unanswered","start":1658.32,"end":1659.16}]},{"text":"My government therefore encouraged all those involved to further deepen the understanding of these topics through, for example, advancing discussions in the Sixth Committee.","start":1659.84,"end":1668.81,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1659.84,"end":1659.96},{"text":"government","start":1659.96,"end":1660.37},{"text":"therefore","start":1660.37,"end":1660.76},{"text":"encouraged","start":1660.76,"end":1661.5},{"text":"all","start":1661.52,"end":1661.77},{"text":"those","start":1661.77,"end":1662.05},{"text":"involved","start":1662.05,"end":1662.65},{"text":"to","start":1663.02,"end":1663.14},{"text":"further","start":1663.14,"end":1663.52},{"text":"deepen","start":1663.54,"end":1663.95},{"text":"the","start":1663.95,"end":1664.06},{"text":"understanding","start":1664.22,"end":1664.72},{"text":"of","start":1664.74,"end":1664.91},{"text":"these","start":1664.91,"end":1665.14},{"text":"topics","start":1665.14,"end":1665.54},{"text":"through","start":1665.54,"end":1665.9},{"text":"for","start":1665.9,"end":1666.14},{"text":"example","start":1666.14,"end":1666.74},{"text":"advancing","start":1666.78,"end":1667.32},{"text":"discussions","start":1667.33,"end":1667.97},{"text":"in","start":1667.97,"end":1668.08},{"text":"the","start":1668.08,"end":1668.14},{"text":"Sixth","start":1668.14,"end":1668.44},{"text":"Committee","start":1668.46,"end":1668.81}]},{"text":"The Kingdom of the Netherlands therefore supports those who have proposed to continue discussions on sea level rise, including more focused discussions on the outstanding legal issues and questions.","start":1669.58,"end":1680.14,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. 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They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Le","start":1740.84,"end":1740.99},{"text":"Liban","start":1741,"end":1741.36},{"text":"salue","start":1741.36,"end":1741.69},{"text":"cette","start":1741.69,"end":1741.91},{"text":"contribution","start":1741.91,"end":1742.68},{"text":"à","start":1742.68,"end":1742.75},{"text":"la","start":1742.75,"end":1742.87},{"text":"précision","start":1742.87,"end":1743.48},{"text":"des","start":1743.48,"end":1743.61},{"text":"méthodes","start":1743.61,"end":1744.09},{"text":"d'identification","start":1744.09,"end":1745.04},{"text":"des","start":1745.04,"end":1745.15},{"text":"principes","start":1745.15,"end":1745.63},{"text":"généraux","start":1745.63,"end":1746.05},{"text":"du","start":1746.05,"end":1746.18},{"text":"droit","start":1746.18,"end":1746.59},{"text":"et","start":1746.84,"end":1746.95},{"text":"à","start":1746.95,"end":1747.04},{"text":"la","start":1747.04,"end":1747.17},{"text":"compréhension","start":1747.17,"end":1747.88},{"text":"de","start":1747.89,"end":1748},{"text":"leurs","start":1748,"end":1748.17},{"text":"rapports","start":1748.19,"end":1748.57},{"text":"avec","start":1748.57,"end":1748.82},{"text":"les","start":1748.82,"end":1748.93},{"text":"traités","start":1748.93,"end":1749.39},{"text":"et","start":1749.41,"end":1749.45},{"text":"le","start":1749.47,"end":1749.55},{"text":"droit","start":1749.55,"end":1749.78},{"text":"international","start":1749.79,"end":1750.49},{"text":"coutumier","start":1750.49,"end":1751.07}]},{"text":"Ce travail illustre pleinement la valeur la valeur ajoutée de la Commission clarifier des notions essentielles, systématiser les règles et offrir aux États et aux juridictions internationales des repères utiles pour l'identification et la l'application des normes internationales.","start":1752.49,"end":1768.35,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Ce","start":1752.49,"end":1752.67},{"text":"travail","start":1752.67,"end":1753.18},{"text":"illustre","start":1753.18,"end":1753.52},{"text":"pleinement","start":1753.6,"end":1754.12},{"text":"la","start":1754.12,"end":1754.21},{"text":"valeur","start":1754.21,"end":1754.66},{"text":"la","start":1754.66,"end":1754.84},{"text":"valeur","start":1754.84,"end":1755.17},{"text":"ajoutée","start":1755.17,"end":1755.64},{"text":"de","start":1755.64,"end":1755.74},{"text":"la","start":1755.74,"end":1755.85},{"text":"Commission","start":1755.87,"end":1756.52},{"text":"clarifier","start":1756.79,"end":1757.52},{"text":"des","start":1757.52,"end":1757.66},{"text":"notions","start":1757.66,"end":1758.05},{"text":"essentielles","start":1758.05,"end":1758.85},{"text":"systématiser","start":1758.89,"end":1759.84},{"text":"les","start":1759.84,"end":1759.97},{"text":"règles","start":1759.97,"end":1760.4},{"text":"et","start":1760.65,"end":1760.77},{"text":"offrir","start":1760.77,"end":1761.13},{"text":"aux","start":1761.13,"end":1761.31},{"text":"États","start":1761.31,"end":1761.66},{"text":"et","start":1761.68,"end":1761.77},{"text":"aux","start":1761.78,"end":1761.91},{"text":"juridictions","start":1762.25,"end":1762.93},{"text":"internationales","start":1762.93,"end":1763.77},{"text":"des","start":1763.77,"end":1763.93},{"text":"repères","start":1763.93,"end":1764.3},{"text":"utiles","start":1764.3,"end":1764.79},{"text":"pour","start":1765.07,"end":1765.3},{"text":"l'identification","start":1765.3,"end":1766.28},{"text":"et","start":1766.28,"end":1766.36},{"text":"la","start":1766.36,"end":1766.5},{"text":"l'application","start":1766.5,"end":1767.04},{"text":"des","start":1767.04,"end":1767.2},{"text":"normes","start":1767.2,"end":1767.51},{"text":"internationales","start":1767.52,"end":1768.35}]},{"text":"Le Liban considère que cette contribution participe d'une mission plus large rendre l'ordre juridique international plus cohérent, plus intelligible et plus prévisible par la codification et le développement progressif du droit international.","start":1769.68,"end":1784.58,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. 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la Présidente, cette même exigence de clarification se retrouve dans les travaux de la Commission sur les normes impératives du droit international général, le jusqu'au gens.","start":1785.61,"end":1794.96,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madame","start":1785.61,"end":1785.93},{"text":"la","start":1785.93,"end":1786.02},{"text":"Présidente","start":1786.02,"end":1786.82},{"text":"cette","start":1786.86,"end":1787.14},{"text":"même","start":1787.14,"end":1787.34},{"text":"exigence","start":1787.34,"end":1787.86},{"text":"de","start":1787.86,"end":1787.98},{"text":"clarification","start":1787.98,"end":1788.94},{"text":"se","start":1788.94,"end":1789.1},{"text":"retrouve","start":1789.13,"end":1789.54},{"text":"dans","start":1789.54,"end":1789.69},{"text":"les","start":1789.69,"end":1789.79},{"text":"travaux","start":1789.79,"end":1790.12},{"text":"de","start":1790.12,"end":1790.2},{"text":"la","start":1790.2,"end":1790.32},{"text":"Commission","start":1790.32,"end":1790.82},{"text":"sur","start":1790.82,"end":1790.99},{"text":"les","start":1790.99,"end":1791.11},{"text":"normes","start":1791.12,"end":1791.42},{"text":"impératives","start":1791.42,"end":1792.3},{"text":"du","start":1792.59,"end":1792.73},{"text":"droit","start":1792.73,"end":1792.95},{"text":"international","start":1792.95,"end":1793.62},{"text":"général","start":1793.63,"end":1794.09},{"text":"le","start":1794.09,"end":1794.21},{"text":"jusqu'au","start":1794.21,"end":1794.58},{"text":"gens","start":1794.6,"end":1794.96}]},{"text":"En 2022, la commission a adopté en deuxième lecture ses projets de conclusion sur l'identification et les conséquences juridiques de ces normes.","start":1795.26,"end":1805.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"En","start":1795.26,"end":1795.38},{"text":"2022","start":1796.03,"end":1796.93},{"text":"la","start":1797.46,"end":1797.63},{"text":"commission","start":1797.63,"end":1798.14},{"text":"a","start":1798.14,"end":1798.2},{"text":"adopté","start":1798.2,"end":1798.76},{"text":"en","start":1798.84,"end":1798.99},{"text":"deuxième","start":1798.99,"end":1799.36},{"text":"lecture","start":1799.36,"end":1799.83},{"text":"ses","start":1799.92,"end":1800.16},{"text":"projets","start":1800.16,"end":1800.56},{"text":"de","start":1800.56,"end":1800.67},{"text":"conclusion","start":1800.67,"end":1801.36},{"text":"sur","start":1801.78,"end":1802.08},{"text":"l'identification","start":1802.08,"end":1803.05},{"text":"et","start":1803.05,"end":1803.12},{"text":"les","start":1803.12,"end":1803.24},{"text":"conséquences","start":1803.24,"end":1803.84},{"text":"juridiques","start":1803.85,"end":1804.36},{"text":"de","start":1804.36,"end":1804.48},{"text":"ces","start":1804.48,"end":1804.64},{"text":"normes","start":1804.65,"end":1805.01}]},{"text":"Ces travaux ont contribué à préciser les critères permettant de les identifier ainsi que les conséquences juridiques de leur caractère impératif.","start":1806.07,"end":1813.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ces","start":1806.07,"end":1806.3},{"text":"travaux","start":1806.3,"end":1806.63},{"text":"ont","start":1806.63,"end":1806.77},{"text":"contribué","start":1806.77,"end":1807.38},{"text":"à","start":1807.38,"end":1807.47},{"text":"préciser","start":1807.47,"end":1807.99},{"text":"les","start":1807.99,"end":1808.1},{"text":"critères","start":1808.1,"end":1808.52},{"text":"permettant","start":1808.54,"end":1809.2},{"text":"de","start":1809.5,"end":1809.64},{"text":"les","start":1809.64,"end":1809.81},{"text":"identifier","start":1809.81,"end":1810.53},{"text":"ainsi","start":1810.54,"end":1810.86},{"text":"que","start":1810.86,"end":1811.01},{"text":"les","start":1811.01,"end":1811.11},{"text":"conséquences","start":1811.12,"end":1811.66},{"text":"juridiques","start":1811.66,"end":1812.1},{"text":"de","start":1812.1,"end":1812.21},{"text":"leur","start":1812.21,"end":1812.41},{"text":"caractère","start":1812.42,"end":1812.96},{"text":"impératif","start":1812.96,"end":1813.63}]},{"text":"Les principes généraux du droit et le jusqu'aux relèvent de catégories juridiques distinctes.","start":1814.42,"end":1819.53,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Les","start":1814.42,"end":1814.58},{"text":"principes","start":1814.58,"end":1815.02},{"text":"généraux","start":1815.02,"end":1815.44},{"text":"du","start":1815.44,"end":1815.56},{"text":"droit","start":1815.56,"end":1815.9},{"text":"et","start":1815.9,"end":1815.98},{"text":"le","start":1815.99,"end":1816.1},{"text":"jusqu'aux","start":1816.11,"end":1816.62},{"text":"relèvent","start":1816.94,"end":1817.3},{"text":"de","start":1817.54,"end":1817.73},{"text":"catégories","start":1817.73,"end":1818.34},{"text":"juridiques","start":1818.36,"end":1818.83},{"text":"distinctes","start":1818.84,"end":1819.53}]},{"text":"Les premiers constituent une source du droit international, les seconds désignent des normes impératives auxquelles aucune dérogation n'est permise.","start":1820.5,"end":1828.41,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Les","start":1820.5,"end":1820.68},{"text":"premiers","start":1820.68,"end":1821.08},{"text":"constituent","start":1821.08,"end":1821.53},{"text":"une","start":1821.53,"end":1821.68},{"text":"source","start":1821.68,"end":1821.93},{"text":"du","start":1821.93,"end":1822.05},{"text":"droit","start":1822.05,"end":1822.27},{"text":"international","start":1822.27,"end":1823.2},{"text":"les","start":1823.2,"end":1823.37},{"text":"seconds","start":1823.39,"end":1823.91},{"text":"désignent","start":1824.52,"end":1824.94},{"text":"des","start":1824.94,"end":1825.06},{"text":"normes","start":1825.07,"end":1825.33},{"text":"impératives","start":1825.33,"end":1825.92},{"text":"auxquelles","start":1826.4,"end":1826.4},{"text":"aucune","start":1826.79,"end":1827.1},{"text":"dérogation","start":1827.11,"end":1827.72},{"text":"n'est","start":1827.72,"end":1827.82},{"text":"permise","start":1827.83,"end":1828.41}]},{"text":"Ils participent néanmoins, chacun selon sa nature et sa fonction, à la compréhension des fondements de l'ordre juridique international et des conditions de son fonctionnement.","start":1828.53,"end":1838.7,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. 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They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"La","start":1840.08,"end":1840.24},{"text":"clarification","start":1840.24,"end":1841.21},{"text":"de","start":1841.21,"end":1841.31},{"text":"ces","start":1841.31,"end":1841.46},{"text":"notions","start":1841.46,"end":1841.87},{"text":"présente","start":1841.88,"end":1842.3},{"text":"un","start":1842.3,"end":1842.4},{"text":"intérêt","start":1842.4,"end":1842.85},{"text":"qui","start":1842.85,"end":1843.01},{"text":"dépasse","start":1843.01,"end":1843.46},{"text":"la","start":1843.46,"end":1843.57},{"text":"seule","start":1843.58,"end":1843.82},{"text":"systématique","start":1843.82,"end":1844.41},{"text":"systématisation","start":1844.41,"end":1844.85},{"text":"doctrinale","start":1844.85,"end":1845.61}]},{"text":"Elle contribue à la sécurité juridique des États, à la prévisibilité de leurs relations et à la compréhension des des obligations qui structurent la communauté internationale.","start":1846.16,"end":1855.92,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."},{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, state responsibility and countermeasures in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"Elle","start":1846.16,"end":1846.35},{"text":"contribue","start":1846.35,"end":1846.9},{"text":"à","start":1846.9,"end":1846.96},{"text":"la","start":1846.97,"end":1847.07},{"text":"sécurité","start":1847.07,"end":1847.65},{"text":"juridique","start":1847.67,"end":1848.19},{"text":"des","start":1848.19,"end":1848.38},{"text":"États","start":1848.38,"end":1848.76},{"text":"à","start":1849.18,"end":1849.33},{"text":"la","start":1849.33,"end":1849.46},{"text":"prévisibilité","start":1849.46,"end":1850.39},{"text":"de","start":1850.39,"end":1850.49},{"text":"leurs","start":1850.49,"end":1850.65},{"text":"relations","start":1850.65,"end":1851.29},{"text":"et","start":1851.29,"end":1851.41},{"text":"à","start":1851.41,"end":1851.43},{"text":"la","start":1851.43,"end":1851.6},{"text":"compréhension","start":1851.6,"end":1852.32},{"text":"des","start":1852.32,"end":1852.44},{"text":"des","start":1852.81,"end":1853.07},{"text":"obligations","start":1853.08,"end":1853.65},{"text":"qui","start":1853.65,"end":1853.79},{"text":"structurent","start":1853.8,"end":1854.33},{"text":"la","start":1854.33,"end":1854.45},{"text":"communauté","start":1854.45,"end":1855.05},{"text":"internationale","start":1855.07,"end":1855.92}]},{"text":"Cette préoccupation se retrouve également dans les travaux de la Commission sur l'élévation du niveau de la mer au regard du droit international.","start":1856.85,"end":1864.67,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"Cette","start":1856.85,"end":1857.09},{"text":"préoccupation","start":1857.09,"end":1858.01},{"text":"se","start":1858.01,"end":1858.12},{"text":"retrouve","start":1858.15,"end":1858.51},{"text":"également","start":1858.51,"end":1859.02},{"text":"dans","start":1859.02,"end":1859.17},{"text":"les","start":1859.17,"end":1859.29},{"text":"travaux","start":1859.29,"end":1859.61},{"text":"de","start":1859.61,"end":1859.71},{"text":"la","start":1859.71,"end":1859.81},{"text":"Commission","start":1859.81,"end":1860.32},{"text":"sur","start":1860.34,"end":1860.52},{"text":"l'élévation","start":1860.52,"end":1861.3},{"text":"du","start":1861.3,"end":1861.44},{"text":"niveau","start":1861.44,"end":1861.84},{"text":"de","start":1861.84,"end":1861.97},{"text":"la","start":1861.97,"end":1862.09},{"text":"mer","start":1862.09,"end":1862.46},{"text":"au","start":1862.73,"end":1862.85},{"text":"regard","start":1862.99,"end":1863.23},{"text":"du","start":1863.51,"end":1863.66},{"text":"droit","start":1863.67,"end":1863.89},{"text":"international","start":1863.89,"end":1864.67}]},{"text":"En 2025, la Commission a adopté le rapport final de son groupe d'études et conclu son examen de ce sujet, qui touche notamment au droit de la mer, à la continuité de l'État et à la protection des personnes affectées.","start":1865.47,"end":1878.01,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"En","start":1865.47,"end":1865.7},{"text":"2025","start":1865.87,"end":1866.55},{"text":"la","start":1866.55,"end":1866.68},{"text":"Commission","start":1866.68,"end":1867.17},{"text":"a","start":1867.17,"end":1867.29},{"text":"adopté","start":1867.29,"end":1867.75},{"text":"le","start":1867.75,"end":1867.81},{"text":"rapport","start":1867.81,"end":1868.19},{"text":"final","start":1868.23,"end":1868.55},{"text":"de","start":1868.55,"end":1868.63},{"text":"son","start":1868.63,"end":1868.81},{"text":"groupe","start":1868.81,"end":1869.09},{"text":"d'études","start":1869.09,"end":1869.55},{"text":"et","start":1869.55,"end":1869.66},{"text":"conclu","start":1869.68,"end":1870.09},{"text":"son","start":1870.09,"end":1870.29},{"text":"examen","start":1870.3,"end":1870.73},{"text":"de","start":1870.73,"end":1870.83},{"text":"ce","start":1870.83,"end":1870.98},{"text":"sujet","start":1870.99,"end":1871.42},{"text":"qui","start":1871.87,"end":1872.04},{"text":"touche","start":1872.05,"end":1872.31},{"text":"notamment","start":1872.31,"end":1872.93},{"text":"au","start":1872.93,"end":1873.07},{"text":"droit","start":1873.07,"end":1873.3},{"text":"de","start":1873.3,"end":1873.43},{"text":"la","start":1873.43,"end":1873.57},{"text":"mer","start":1873.57,"end":1873.97},{"text":"à","start":1873.97,"end":1874.1},{"text":"la","start":1874.1,"end":1874.21},{"text":"continuité","start":1874.21,"end":1874.89},{"text":"de","start":1874.89,"end":1875.03},{"text":"l'État","start":1875.03,"end":1875.48},{"text":"et","start":1875.77,"end":1875.89},{"text":"à","start":1875.89,"end":1875.96},{"text":"la","start":1875.96,"end":1876.09},{"text":"protection","start":1876.09,"end":1876.83},{"text":"des","start":1876.83,"end":1877},{"text":"personnes","start":1877,"end":1877.46},{"text":"affectées","start":1877.48,"end":1878.01}]},{"text":"Cette cette question illustre de manière particulièrement concrète les défis auxquels le droit international est confronté.","start":1878.69,"end":1885.71,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"Cette","start":1878.69,"end":1878.97},{"text":"cette","start":1879.29,"end":1879.53},{"text":"question","start":1879.53,"end":1879.95},{"text":"illustre","start":1879.95,"end":1880.5},{"text":"de","start":1880.51,"end":1880.64},{"text":"manière","start":1880.64,"end":1881.14},{"text":"particulièrement","start":1881.15,"end":1882},{"text":"concrète","start":1882,"end":1882.62},{"text":"les","start":1882.92,"end":1883.09},{"text":"défis","start":1883.09,"end":1883.34},{"text":"auxquels","start":1883.49,"end":1883.83},{"text":"le","start":1883.83,"end":1883.94},{"text":"droit","start":1883.94,"end":1884.16},{"text":"international","start":1884.16,"end":1884.88},{"text":"est","start":1884.88,"end":1885},{"text":"confronté","start":1885,"end":1885.71}]},{"text":"Pour les petits États insulaires et les États côtiers les plus exposés, l'élévation du niveau de la mer soulève des interrogations existentielles.","start":1886.92,"end":1895.55,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"Pour","start":1886.92,"end":1887.15},{"text":"les","start":1887.15,"end":1887.27},{"text":"petits","start":1887.27,"end":1887.56},{"text":"États","start":1887.56,"end":1887.87},{"text":"insulaires","start":1887.87,"end":1888.51},{"text":"et","start":1888.51,"end":1888.63},{"text":"les","start":1888.63,"end":1888.82},{"text":"États","start":1888.83,"end":1889.12},{"text":"côtiers","start":1889.13,"end":1889.6},{"text":"les","start":1889.6,"end":1889.71},{"text":"plus","start":1889.72,"end":1889.96},{"text":"exposés","start":1889.96,"end":1890.51},{"text":"l'élévation","start":1890.99,"end":1891.66},{"text":"du","start":1891.67,"end":1891.86},{"text":"niveau","start":1891.86,"end":1892.2},{"text":"de","start":1892.2,"end":1892.32},{"text":"la","start":1892.32,"end":1892.46},{"text":"mer","start":1892.46,"end":1892.7},{"text":"soulève","start":1892.71,"end":1893.06},{"text":"des","start":1893.06,"end":1893.24},{"text":"interrogations","start":1893.24,"end":1894.1},{"text":"existentielles","start":1894.55,"end":1895.55}]},{"text":"Concernant les espaces maritimes, la préservation de la personnalité juridique de l'État et la protection des populations.","start":1896.09,"end":1902.95,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"Concernant","start":1896.09,"end":1896.71},{"text":"les","start":1896.71,"end":1896.87},{"text":"espaces","start":1896.88,"end":1897.26},{"text":"maritimes","start":1897.26,"end":1897.97},{"text":"la","start":1897.97,"end":1898.18},{"text":"préservation","start":1898.18,"end":1898.92},{"text":"de","start":1898.92,"end":1899.03},{"text":"la","start":1899.03,"end":1899.13},{"text":"personnalité","start":1899.13,"end":1899.85},{"text":"juridique","start":1899.85,"end":1900.32},{"text":"de","start":1900.33,"end":1900.46},{"text":"l'État","start":1900.46,"end":1900.9},{"text":"et","start":1901.29,"end":1901.4},{"text":"la","start":1901.4,"end":1901.51},{"text":"protection","start":1901.51,"end":1902.08},{"text":"des","start":1902.08,"end":1902.21},{"text":"populations","start":1902.21,"end":1902.95}]},{"text":"Le le rapport final constitue une contribution précieuse à la clarification de ces questions.","start":1904.21,"end":1910.13,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"Le","start":1904.21,"end":1904.36},{"text":"le","start":1904.9,"end":1905.03},{"text":"rapport","start":1905.04,"end":1905.85},{"text":"final","start":1905.85,"end":1906.22},{"text":"constitue","start":1906.23,"end":1906.75},{"text":"une","start":1906.75,"end":1906.92},{"text":"contribution","start":1906.92,"end":1907.67},{"text":"précieuse","start":1907.67,"end":1908.3},{"text":"à","start":1908.3,"end":1908.4},{"text":"la","start":1908.4,"end":1908.49},{"text":"clarification","start":1908.49,"end":1909.31},{"text":"de","start":1909.36,"end":1909.48},{"text":"ces","start":1909.48,"end":1909.64},{"text":"questions","start":1909.64,"end":1910.13}]},{"text":"Le Liban encourage la poursuite du dialogue entre les États sur les aspects juridiques dans le cadre des travaux de l'Assemblée générale.","start":1910.9,"end":1917.54,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"Le","start":1910.9,"end":1911.11},{"text":"Liban","start":1911.11,"end":1911.44},{"text":"encourage","start":1911.44,"end":1911.94},{"text":"la","start":1911.94,"end":1912.05},{"text":"poursuite","start":1912.05,"end":1912.52},{"text":"du","start":1912.52,"end":1912.67},{"text":"dialogue","start":1912.67,"end":1913.1},{"text":"entre","start":1913.1,"end":1913.36},{"text":"les","start":1913.36,"end":1913.48},{"text":"États","start":1913.48,"end":1913.84},{"text":"sur","start":1913.84,"end":1914.08},{"text":"les","start":1914.08,"end":1914.26},{"text":"aspects","start":1914.26,"end":1914.56},{"text":"juridiques","start":1914.56,"end":1915.22},{"text":"dans","start":1915.22,"end":1915.43},{"text":"le","start":1915.43,"end":1915.54},{"text":"cadre","start":1915.54,"end":1915.92},{"text":"des","start":1915.92,"end":1916.09},{"text":"travaux","start":1916.09,"end":1916.44},{"text":"de","start":1916.44,"end":1916.53},{"text":"l'Assemblée","start":1916.53,"end":1917.02},{"text":"générale","start":1917.03,"end":1917.54}]},{"text":"C'est dans cette perspective que le Liban accueille également avec intérêt l'inscription du principe de non-intervention au programme du travail à long terme de la Commission.","start":1918.92,"end":1928.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"C'est","start":1918.92,"end":1919.11},{"text":"dans","start":1919.11,"end":1919.28},{"text":"cette","start":1919.28,"end":1919.52},{"text":"perspective","start":1919.52,"end":1920.3},{"text":"que","start":1920.3,"end":1920.46},{"text":"le","start":1920.46,"end":1920.56},{"text":"Liban","start":1920.57,"end":1920.88},{"text":"accueille","start":1920.88,"end":1921.25},{"text":"également","start":1921.25,"end":1921.79},{"text":"avec","start":1921.8,"end":1922.07},{"text":"intérêt","start":1922.07,"end":1922.63},{"text":"l'inscription","start":1923.09,"end":1923.89},{"text":"du","start":1923.89,"end":1924.01},{"text":"principe","start":1924.01,"end":1924.5},{"text":"de","start":1924.5,"end":1924.61},{"text":"non-intervention","start":1924.61,"end":1925.74},{"text":"au","start":1925.74,"end":1925.84},{"text":"programme","start":1925.84,"end":1926.28},{"text":"du","start":1926.29,"end":1926.4},{"text":"travail","start":1926.42,"end":1926.79},{"text":"à","start":1926.8,"end":1926.9},{"text":"long","start":1926.9,"end":1927.11},{"text":"terme","start":1927.11,"end":1927.42},{"text":"de","start":1927.42,"end":1927.51},{"text":"la","start":1927.51,"end":1927.62},{"text":"Commission","start":1927.65,"end":1928.25}]},{"text":"Étroitement lié à l'égalité souveraine des États et à leur indépendance politique, ce ce principe revêt une importance particulière pour les pour les petits États.","start":1928.91,"end":1938.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Étroitement","start":1928.91,"end":1929.62},{"text":"lié","start":1929.62,"end":1929.87},{"text":"à","start":1929.89,"end":1929.98},{"text":"l'égalité","start":1929.98,"end":1930.54},{"text":"souveraine","start":1930.54,"end":1931.05},{"text":"des","start":1931.05,"end":1931.25},{"text":"États","start":1931.26,"end":1931.66},{"text":"et","start":1931.98,"end":1932.13},{"text":"à","start":1932.13,"end":1932.22},{"text":"leur","start":1932.22,"end":1932.43},{"text":"indépendance","start":1932.43,"end":1933.1},{"text":"politique","start":1933.1,"end":1933.72},{"text":"ce","start":1933.78,"end":1933.98},{"text":"ce","start":1934.38,"end":1934.58},{"text":"principe","start":1934.59,"end":1935.15},{"text":"revêt","start":1935.17,"end":1935.45},{"text":"une","start":1935.45,"end":1935.6},{"text":"importance","start":1935.6,"end":1936.13},{"text":"particulière","start":1936.13,"end":1936.86},{"text":"pour","start":1936.86,"end":1937.05},{"text":"les","start":1937.07,"end":1937.16},{"text":"pour","start":1937.65,"end":1937.91},{"text":"les","start":1937.91,"end":1938.01},{"text":"petits","start":1938.02,"end":1938.44},{"text":"États","start":1938.44,"end":1938.75}]},{"text":"Le respect des règles et principes du droit international demeure essentiel à la préservation d'un ordre dans lequel les rapports de puissance ne sauraient se substituer au droit.","start":1939.53,"end":1949.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Le","start":1939.53,"end":1939.71},{"text":"respect","start":1939.75,"end":1940.17},{"text":"des","start":1940.17,"end":1940.32},{"text":"règles","start":1940.32,"end":1940.64},{"text":"et","start":1940.64,"end":1940.76},{"text":"principes","start":1940.76,"end":1941.22},{"text":"du","start":1941.22,"end":1941.34},{"text":"droit","start":1941.34,"end":1941.54},{"text":"international","start":1941.55,"end":1942.32},{"text":"demeure","start":1942.32,"end":1942.8},{"text":"essentiel","start":1942.8,"end":1943.54},{"text":"à","start":1943.54,"end":1943.61},{"text":"la","start":1943.61,"end":1943.73},{"text":"préservation","start":1943.73,"end":1944.45},{"text":"d'un","start":1944.46,"end":1944.64},{"text":"ordre","start":1944.64,"end":1944.94},{"text":"dans","start":1944.94,"end":1945.11},{"text":"lequel","start":1945.14,"end":1945.59},{"text":"les","start":1945.97,"end":1946.2},{"text":"rapports","start":1946.2,"end":1946.56},{"text":"de","start":1946.57,"end":1946.69},{"text":"puissance","start":1946.7,"end":1947.36},{"text":"ne","start":1947.6,"end":1947.76},{"text":"sauraient","start":1947.76,"end":1948.08},{"text":"se","start":1948.08,"end":1948.24},{"text":"substituer","start":1948.26,"end":1948.99},{"text":"au","start":1949,"end":1949.12},{"text":"droit","start":1949.14,"end":1949.45}]},{"text":"Le Liban souligne l'importance de préserver dans cette réflexion la distinction entre les différentes catégories juridiques tout en tenant compte de leur contribution commune à un ordre international fondé sur le droit dans lequel tous les États, quelle que soit leur puissance, doivent pouvoir bénéficier de la protection des règles internationales.","start":1950.7,"end":1972.2,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Le","start":1950.7,"end":1950.91},{"text":"Liban","start":1950.91,"end":1951.24},{"text":"souligne","start":1951.24,"end":1951.74},{"text":"l'importance","start":1951.74,"end":1952.44},{"text":"de","start":1952.44,"end":1952.56},{"text":"préserver","start":1952.56,"end":1953.15},{"text":"dans","start":1953.15,"end":1953.38},{"text":"cette","start":1953.38,"end":1953.6},{"text":"réflexion","start":1953.91,"end":1954.63},{"text":"la","start":1955.11,"end":1955.27},{"text":"distinction","start":1955.28,"end":1955.89},{"text":"entre","start":1955.9,"end":1956.13},{"text":"les","start":1956.13,"end":1956.25},{"text":"différentes","start":1956.25,"end":1956.7},{"text":"catégories","start":1956.7,"end":1957.59},{"text":"juridiques","start":1957.62,"end":1958.22},{"text":"tout","start":1958.23,"end":1958.46},{"text":"en","start":1958.48,"end":1958.62},{"text":"tenant","start":1958.63,"end":1959.1},{"text":"compte","start":1959.38,"end":1959.66},{"text":"de","start":1959.66,"end":1959.78},{"text":"leur","start":1959.78,"end":1959.96},{"text":"contribution","start":1959.96,"end":1960.66},{"text":"commune","start":1960.66,"end":1961.19},{"text":"à","start":1961.44,"end":1961.65},{"text":"un","start":1961.66,"end":1961.8},{"text":"ordre","start":1961.8,"end":1962.08},{"text":"international","start":1962.08,"end":1962.83},{"text":"fondé","start":1962.83,"end":1963.19},{"text":"sur","start":1963.19,"end":1963.42},{"text":"le","start":1963.42,"end":1963.54},{"text":"droit","start":1963.54,"end":1963.92},{"text":"dans","start":1964.4,"end":1964.62},{"text":"lequel","start":1964.62,"end":1965.01},{"text":"tous","start":1965.01,"end":1965.25},{"text":"les","start":1965.25,"end":1965.43},{"text":"États","start":1965.43,"end":1965.78},{"text":"quelle","start":1966.48,"end":1966.72},{"text":"que","start":1966.73,"end":1966.87},{"text":"soit","start":1966.87,"end":1967.1},{"text":"leur","start":1967.1,"end":1967.28},{"text":"puissance","start":1967.28,"end":1968.1},{"text":"doivent","start":1968.11,"end":1968.44},{"text":"pouvoir","start":1968.44,"end":1968.89},{"text":"bénéficier","start":1968.89,"end":1969.5},{"text":"de","start":1969.5,"end":1969.61},{"text":"la","start":1969.61,"end":1969.73},{"text":"protection","start":1969.73,"end":1970.84},{"text":"des","start":1970.84,"end":1971.01},{"text":"règles","start":1971.01,"end":1971.33},{"text":"internationales","start":1971.35,"end":1972.2}]},{"text":"Mesdames et Messieurs, la qualité du droit international dépend également de la prise en considération de la diversité des traditions juridiques et des expériences nationales.","start":1973.56,"end":1983.74,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mesdames","start":1973.56,"end":1973.99},{"text":"et","start":1973.99,"end":1974.06},{"text":"Messieurs","start":1974.06,"end":1974.22},{"text":"la","start":1975.18,"end":1975.33},{"text":"qualité","start":1975.33,"end":1975.82},{"text":"du","start":1975.82,"end":1975.96},{"text":"droit","start":1975.96,"end":1976.2},{"text":"international","start":1976.21,"end":1977.26},{"text":"dépend","start":1977.3,"end":1977.9},{"text":"également","start":1977.9,"end":1978.45},{"text":"de","start":1978.45,"end":1978.56},{"text":"la","start":1978.56,"end":1978.68},{"text":"prise","start":1978.68,"end":1978.98},{"text":"en","start":1978.98,"end":1979.09},{"text":"considération","start":1979.09,"end":1979.94},{"text":"de","start":1979.94,"end":1980.04},{"text":"la","start":1980.04,"end":1980.16},{"text":"diversité","start":1980.17,"end":1980.75},{"text":"des","start":1980.76,"end":1980.9},{"text":"traditions","start":1980.9,"end":1981.46},{"text":"juridiques","start":1981.46,"end":1982.09},{"text":"et","start":1982.09,"end":1982.22},{"text":"des","start":1982.22,"end":1982.45},{"text":"expériences","start":1982.45,"end":1983.1},{"text":"nationales","start":1983.14,"end":1983.74}]},{"text":"Le français n'est pas seulement l'une des langues officielles de l'Organisation des Nations unies, il est aussi le véhicule d'une tradition juridique et doctrinale riche qui a contribué au développement de la pensée du droit international.","start":1984.84,"end":1997.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Le","start":1984.84,"end":1984.96},{"text":"français","start":1984.97,"end":1985.61},{"text":"n'est","start":1985.62,"end":1985.78},{"text":"pas","start":1985.78,"end":1985.99},{"text":"seulement","start":1985.99,"end":1986.55},{"text":"l'une","start":1986.59,"end":1987.03},{"text":"des","start":1987.04,"end":1987.2},{"text":"langues","start":1987.2,"end":1987.47},{"text":"officielles","start":1987.47,"end":1987.93},{"text":"de","start":1987.93,"end":1988.04},{"text":"l'Organisation","start":1988.04,"end":1988.76},{"text":"des","start":1988.77,"end":1988.88},{"text":"Nations","start":1988.88,"end":1989.34},{"text":"unies","start":1989.34,"end":1989.75},{"text":"il","start":1989.77,"end":1989.97},{"text":"est","start":1989.97,"end":1990.15},{"text":"aussi","start":1990.15,"end":1990.5},{"text":"le","start":1990.5,"end":1990.61},{"text":"véhicule","start":1990.61,"end":1991.11},{"text":"d'une","start":1991.11,"end":1991.26},{"text":"tradition","start":1991.26,"end":1991.77},{"text":"juridique","start":1991.77,"end":1992.37},{"text":"et","start":1992.37,"end":1992.5},{"text":"doctrinale","start":1992.5,"end":1993.17},{"text":"riche","start":1993.17,"end":1993.55},{"text":"qui","start":1994.01,"end":1994.18},{"text":"a","start":1994.18,"end":1994.25},{"text":"contribué","start":1994.25,"end":1994.95},{"text":"au","start":1994.95,"end":1995.1},{"text":"développement","start":1995.53,"end":1995.69},{"text":"de","start":1995.7,"end":1995.81},{"text":"la","start":1995.81,"end":1995.92},{"text":"pensée","start":1995.92,"end":1996.29},{"text":"du","start":1996.29,"end":1996.43},{"text":"droit","start":1996.43,"end":1996.64},{"text":"international","start":1996.64,"end":1997.47}]},{"text":"Valoriser cette tradition ne signifie nullement opposer une langue à une autre ou une culture juridique juridique à une autre.","start":1998.28,"end":2005.18,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Valoriser","start":1998.28,"end":1998.99},{"text":"cette","start":1999.01,"end":1999.21},{"text":"tradition","start":1999.21,"end":1999.75},{"text":"ne","start":1999.75,"end":1999.85},{"text":"signifie","start":2000.04,"end":2000.18},{"text":"nullement","start":2000.32,"end":2000.86},{"text":"opposer","start":2000.87,"end":2001.33},{"text":"une","start":2001.34,"end":2001.53},{"text":"langue","start":2001.53,"end":2001.81},{"text":"à","start":2001.81,"end":2001.91},{"text":"une","start":2001.91,"end":2002.11},{"text":"autre","start":2002.11,"end":2002.43},{"text":"ou","start":2002.75,"end":2002.96},{"text":"une","start":2002.97,"end":2003.14},{"text":"culture","start":2003.14,"end":2003.57},{"text":"juridique","start":2003.57,"end":2003.99},{"text":"juridique","start":2003.99,"end":2004.59},{"text":"à","start":2004.59,"end":2004.71},{"text":"une","start":2004.71,"end":2004.88},{"text":"autre","start":2004.89,"end":2005.18}]},{"text":"Il s'agit de reconnaître que que le pluralisme linguistique et juridique enrichit l'analyse et favorise l'élaboration de solutions susceptibles de recueillir une adhésion aussi large que possible.","start":2005.67,"end":2018,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Il","start":2005.67,"end":2005.85},{"text":"s'agit","start":2005.85,"end":2006.22},{"text":"de","start":2006.22,"end":2006.34},{"text":"reconnaître","start":2006.34,"end":2006.92},{"text":"que","start":2006.93,"end":2007.07},{"text":"que","start":2007.34,"end":2007.49},{"text":"le","start":2007.49,"end":2007.57},{"text":"pluralisme","start":2007.57,"end":2008.2},{"text":"linguistique","start":2008.21,"end":2008.91},{"text":"et","start":2008.91,"end":2008.99},{"text":"juridique","start":2008.99,"end":2009.63},{"text":"enrichit","start":2009.66,"end":2010.17},{"text":"l'analyse","start":2010.17,"end":2010.8},{"text":"et","start":2010.8,"end":2010.93},{"text":"favorise","start":2010.93,"end":2011.49},{"text":"l'élaboration","start":2011.49,"end":2012.39},{"text":"de","start":2012.79,"end":2012.93},{"text":"solutions","start":2012.93,"end":2013.49},{"text":"susceptibles","start":2013.49,"end":2014.31},{"text":"de","start":2014.31,"end":2014.46},{"text":"recueillir","start":2014.47,"end":2015.21},{"text":"une","start":2015.69,"end":2015.89},{"text":"adhésion","start":2015.89,"end":2016.43},{"text":"aussi","start":2016.43,"end":2016.81},{"text":"large","start":2016.81,"end":2017.23},{"text":"que","start":2017.23,"end":2017.4},{"text":"possible","start":2017.42,"end":2018}]},{"text":"Le Liban, situé au carrefour de plusieurs espaces culturels et juridiques, demeure profondément attaché au dialogue au multilatéralisme et à la coexistence.","start":2019.44,"end":2028.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Le","start":2019.44,"end":2019.58},{"text":"Liban","start":2019.59,"end":2020.08},{"text":"situé","start":2020.37,"end":2020.85},{"text":"au","start":2020.85,"end":2020.97},{"text":"carrefour","start":2020.97,"end":2021.42},{"text":"de","start":2021.42,"end":2021.52},{"text":"plusieurs","start":2021.52,"end":2021.95},{"text":"espaces","start":2021.95,"end":2022.34},{"text":"culturels","start":2022.34,"end":2022.92},{"text":"et","start":2022.92,"end":2023.01},{"text":"juridiques","start":2023.03,"end":2023.69},{"text":"demeure","start":2023.7,"end":2024.12},{"text":"profondément","start":2024.13,"end":2024.89},{"text":"attaché","start":2024.89,"end":2025.37},{"text":"au","start":2025.37,"end":2025.49},{"text":"dialogue","start":2025.49,"end":2026.07},{"text":"au","start":2026.46,"end":2026.61},{"text":"multilatéralisme","start":2026.61,"end":2027.72},{"text":"et","start":2027.72,"end":2027.82},{"text":"à","start":2027.82,"end":2027.91},{"text":"la","start":2027.91,"end":2028.01},{"text":"coexistence","start":2028.02,"end":2028.95}]},{"text":"La diversité des expériences nationales doit être considérée non non pas comme une contrainte mais comme une ressource au service de la qualité et de la légitimité des travaux de la Commission.","start":2030.1,"end":2041.06,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"La","start":2030.1,"end":2030.26},{"text":"diversité","start":2030.26,"end":2030.87},{"text":"des","start":2030.88,"end":2031.1},{"text":"expériences","start":2031.1,"end":2031.91},{"text":"nationales","start":2031.96,"end":2032.75},{"text":"doit","start":2032.79,"end":2033.06},{"text":"être","start":2033.06,"end":2033.26},{"text":"considérée","start":2033.27,"end":2033.86},{"text":"non","start":2033.87,"end":2034.08},{"text":"non","start":2034.4,"end":2034.66},{"text":"pas","start":2034.66,"end":2034.85},{"text":"comme","start":2034.85,"end":2035.05},{"text":"une","start":2035.05,"end":2035.19},{"text":"contrainte","start":2035.19,"end":2035.83},{"text":"mais","start":2036.11,"end":2036.27},{"text":"comme","start":2036.27,"end":2036.47},{"text":"une","start":2036.48,"end":2036.59},{"text":"ressource","start":2036.63,"end":2037.15},{"text":"au","start":2037.15,"end":2037.29},{"text":"service","start":2037.3,"end":2037.71},{"text":"de","start":2037.71,"end":2037.84},{"text":"la","start":2037.84,"end":2037.96},{"text":"qualité","start":2037.96,"end":2038.59},{"text":"et","start":2038.59,"end":2038.71},{"text":"de","start":2038.71,"end":2038.84},{"text":"la","start":2038.84,"end":2038.98},{"text":"légitimité","start":2038.98,"end":2039.7},{"text":"des","start":2039.7,"end":2039.84},{"text":"travaux","start":2039.84,"end":2040.22},{"text":"de","start":2040.22,"end":2040.35},{"text":"la","start":2040.36,"end":2040.47},{"text":"Commission","start":2040.47,"end":2041.06}]},{"text":"Madame la Présidente, la réflexion sur les fondements du droit international ne peut être dissociée de sa dimension humaine.","start":2041.91,"end":2050.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madame","start":2041.91,"end":2042.25},{"text":"la","start":2042.25,"end":2042.35},{"text":"Présidente","start":2042.35,"end":2043.05},{"text":"la","start":2044.33,"end":2044.48},{"text":"réflexion","start":2044.48,"end":2045.11},{"text":"sur","start":2045.12,"end":2045.33},{"text":"les","start":2045.33,"end":2045.48},{"text":"fondements","start":2045.48,"end":2045.99},{"text":"du","start":2046.01,"end":2046.13},{"text":"droit","start":2046.13,"end":2046.33},{"text":"international","start":2046.33,"end":2047.21},{"text":"ne","start":2047.21,"end":2047.45},{"text":"peut","start":2047.45,"end":2047.63},{"text":"être","start":2047.63,"end":2048.09},{"text":"dissociée","start":2048.22,"end":2048.84},{"text":"de","start":2048.84,"end":2048.95},{"text":"sa","start":2048.95,"end":2049.13},{"text":"dimension","start":2049.13,"end":2049.93},{"text":"humaine","start":2050.17,"end":2050.67}]},{"text":"Une approche humaniste du droit international ne ne diminue en rien de sa rigueur juridique.","start":2051.35,"end":2057.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Une","start":2051.35,"end":2051.52},{"text":"approche","start":2051.52,"end":2051.97},{"text":"humaniste","start":2051.97,"end":2052.59},{"text":"du","start":2052.59,"end":2052.75},{"text":"droit","start":2052.75,"end":2052.95},{"text":"international","start":2052.95,"end":2053.87},{"text":"ne","start":2053.9,"end":2054.05},{"text":"ne","start":2054.31,"end":2054.5},{"text":"diminue","start":2054.5,"end":2055.14},{"text":"en","start":2055.14,"end":2055.32},{"text":"rien","start":2055.32,"end":2055.71},{"text":"de","start":2055.72,"end":2055.86},{"text":"sa","start":2056.77,"end":2056.91},{"text":"rigueur","start":2056.91,"end":2057.25},{"text":"juridique","start":2057.25,"end":2057.85}]},{"text":"Elle rappelle au contraire que les règles juridiques ne ne constituent pas une fin abstraite.","start":2058.56,"end":2064.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Elle","start":2058.56,"end":2058.79},{"text":"rappelle","start":2058.79,"end":2059.39},{"text":"au","start":2059.7,"end":2059.88},{"text":"contraire","start":2059.88,"end":2060.4},{"text":"que","start":2060.4,"end":2060.53},{"text":"les","start":2060.53,"end":2060.68},{"text":"règles","start":2060.68,"end":2060.98},{"text":"juridiques","start":2060.98,"end":2061.49},{"text":"ne","start":2062.11,"end":2062.27},{"text":"ne","start":2062.27,"end":2062.27},{"text":"constituent","start":2062.27,"end":2062.79},{"text":"pas","start":2062.79,"end":2063.08},{"text":"une","start":2063.08,"end":2063.23},{"text":"fin","start":2063.23,"end":2063.46},{"text":"abstraite","start":2063.46,"end":2064.11}]},{"text":"Elles sont indispensables à la préservation d'un ordre international dans lequel chaque État est tenu de respecter le droit international, indépendamment de sa puissance.","start":2064.64,"end":2073.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Elles","start":2064.64,"end":2064.83},{"text":"sont","start":2064.83,"end":2065.04},{"text":"indispensables","start":2065.06,"end":2065.9},{"text":"à","start":2065.9,"end":2065.98},{"text":"la","start":2065.98,"end":2066.09},{"text":"préservation","start":2066.09,"end":2066.81},{"text":"d'un","start":2066.81,"end":2066.99},{"text":"ordre","start":2066.99,"end":2067.22},{"text":"international","start":2067.22,"end":2068.15},{"text":"dans","start":2068.54,"end":2068.76},{"text":"lequel","start":2068.76,"end":2069.18},{"text":"chaque","start":2069.18,"end":2069.51},{"text":"État","start":2069.54,"end":2069.86},{"text":"est","start":2069.87,"end":2070},{"text":"tenu","start":2070,"end":2070.29},{"text":"de","start":2070.29,"end":2070.41},{"text":"respecter","start":2070.41,"end":2070.92},{"text":"le","start":2070.92,"end":2071.03},{"text":"droit","start":2071.03,"end":2071.25},{"text":"international","start":2071.25,"end":2072.1},{"text":"indépendamment","start":2072.19,"end":2073.1},{"text":"de","start":2073.1,"end":2073.21},{"text":"sa","start":2073.21,"end":2073.37},{"text":"puissance","start":2073.37,"end":2073.99}]},{"text":"C'est dans cet esprit que le Liban réaffirme l'importance de la mission de la commission du droit international.","start":2075.22,"end":2080.6,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"C'est","start":2075.22,"end":2075.41},{"text":"dans","start":2075.41,"end":2075.58},{"text":"cet","start":2075.58,"end":2075.79},{"text":"esprit","start":2075.8,"end":2076.19},{"text":"que","start":2076.19,"end":2076.35},{"text":"le","start":2076.35,"end":2076.46},{"text":"Liban","start":2076.46,"end":2076.78},{"text":"réaffirme","start":2076.78,"end":2077.48},{"text":"l'importance","start":2077.54,"end":2078.08},{"text":"de","start":2078.22,"end":2078.32},{"text":"la","start":2078.32,"end":2078.42},{"text":"mission","start":2078.42,"end":2078.83},{"text":"de","start":2078.83,"end":2078.94},{"text":"la","start":2078.94,"end":2079.04},{"text":"commission","start":2079.04,"end":2079.49},{"text":"du","start":2079.49,"end":2079.62},{"text":"droit","start":2079.62,"end":2079.78},{"text":"international","start":2079.78,"end":2080.6}]},{"text":"La codification et le développement progressif doivent continuer à s'appuyer sur la rigueur scientifique, le dialogue avec les États et le respect de la diversité des traditions juridiques, tout en demeurant demeurant attentifs aux besoins de la communauté internationale.","start":2081.21,"end":2096.89,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international 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responsabilité collective est de veiller à ce que le droit international demeure un ordre juridique fondé sur des règles et des principes applicables à tous les États, auxquels chacun puisse contribuer et dont chacun puisse revendiquer la 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They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":2185.12,"end":2185.21},{"text":"este","start":2185.21,"end":2185.51},{"text":"respecto","start":2185.51,"end":2186.26},{"text":"no","start":2186.26,"end":2186.61},{"text":"está","start":2186.65,"end":2186.97},{"text":"de","start":2186.97,"end":2187.07},{"text":"acuerdo","start":2187.08,"end":2187.45},{"text":"en","start":2187.45,"end":2187.53},{"text":"garantizar","start":2187.53,"end":2188.21},{"text":"dicha","start":2188.21,"end":2188.49},{"text":"estabilidad","start":2188.49,"end":2189.17},{"text":"únicamente","start":2189.29,"end":2190.24},{"text":"conforme","start":2190.24,"end":2190.86},{"text":"a","start":2190.86,"end":2190.91},{"text":"la","start":2190.93,"end":2191.05},{"text":"convención","start":2191.05,"end":2191.74},{"text":"de","start":2191.74,"end":2191.82},{"text":"Naciones","start":2191.83,"end":2192.33},{"text":"Unidas","start":2192.33,"end":2192.79},{"text":"sobre","start":2193.12,"end":2193.57},{"text":"el","start":2193.57,"end":2193.68},{"text":"derecho","start":2193.68,"end":2194.12},{"text":"del","start":2194.13,"end":2194.3},{"text":"mar","start":2194.3,"end":2194.61}]},{"text":"Si bien ese instrumento constituye el marco aplicable para sus estados parte, para aquellos estados que no lo son como El Salvador, la estabilidad de las zonas marítimas debe entenderse a la luz de la práctica estatal, el marco normativo nacional y del derecho internacional consuetudinario.","start":2195.63,"end":2215.35,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. 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They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"En","start":2218.36,"end":2218.51},{"text":"consecuencia","start":2218.51,"end":2219.5},{"text":"El","start":2219.55,"end":2219.68},{"text":"Salvador","start":2219.69,"end":2220.2},{"text":"declara","start":2220.2,"end":2220.74},{"text":"que","start":2220.74,"end":2220.86},{"text":"la","start":2220.89,"end":2221.01},{"text":"estabilidad","start":2221.01,"end":2221.67},{"text":"de","start":2221.67,"end":2221.77},{"text":"las","start":2221.77,"end":2221.92},{"text":"zonas","start":2221.92,"end":2222.23},{"text":"marítimas","start":2222.23,"end":2222.9},{"text":"bajo","start":2222.9,"end":2223.2},{"text":"su","start":2223.2,"end":2223.48},{"text":"soberanía","start":2223.48,"end":2224.36},{"text":"responde","start":2224.75,"end":2225.32},{"text":"a","start":2225.32,"end":2225.36},{"text":"lo","start":2225.36,"end":2225.46},{"text":"establecido","start":2225.46,"end":2226.34},{"text":"en","start":2226.35,"end":2226.5},{"text":"el","start":2226.5,"end":2226.62},{"text":"artículo","start":2226.62,"end":2227.04},{"text":"84","start":2227.04,"end":2227.96},{"text":"de","start":2227.98,"end":2228.07},{"text":"su","start":2228.07,"end":2228.23},{"text":"constitución","start":2228.23,"end":2228.98},{"text":"de","start":2228.98,"end":2229.08},{"text":"la","start":2229.08,"end":2229.2},{"text":"república","start":2229.2,"end":2229.95},{"text":"disposición","start":2230.36,"end":2231.16},{"text":"que","start":2231.16,"end":2231.32},{"text":"ha","start":2231.32,"end":2231.56},{"text":"orientado","start":2231.56,"end":2232.31},{"text":"de","start":2232.31,"end":2232.43},{"text":"manera","start":2232.43,"end":2232.89},{"text":"constante","start":2232.89,"end":2233.79},{"text":"la","start":2234.02,"end":2234.2},{"text":"práctica","start":2234.2,"end":2234.8},{"text":"del","start":2234.8,"end":2234.98},{"text":"estado","start":2234.98,"end":2235.42},{"text":"salvadoreño","start":2235.42,"end":2236.25},{"text":"en","start":2236.5,"end":2236.74},{"text":"armonía","start":2236.74,"end":2237.38},{"text":"con","start":2237.38,"end":2237.6},{"text":"el","start":2237.6,"end":2237.73},{"text":"derecho","start":2237.73,"end":2238.15},{"text":"internacional","start":2238.15,"end":2239.02},{"text":"consuetudinario","start":2239.27,"end":2240.47}]},{"text":"Mi delegación espera que el examen ulterior de esta cuestión particularmente durante la reunión de alto nivel mandatada para el 84 periodo de sesiones, permite identificar mayores áreas de convergencia y fortalecer los mecanismos de cooperación internacional necesarios para la implementación efectiva de estos importantes elementos jurídicos.","start":2241.62,"end":2265.67,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"Mi","start":2241.62,"end":2241.76},{"text":"delegación","start":2241.78,"end":2242.42},{"text":"espera","start":2242.42,"end":2242.84},{"text":"que","start":2242.84,"end":2242.98},{"text":"el","start":2242.99,"end":2243.12},{"text":"examen","start":2243.12,"end":2243.62},{"text":"ulterior","start":2243.62,"end":2244.29},{"text":"de","start":2244.29,"end":2244.43},{"text":"esta","start":2244.43,"end":2244.71},{"text":"cuestión","start":2244.71,"end":2245.25},{"text":"particularmente","start":2245.25,"end":2246.42},{"text":"durante","start":2246.68,"end":2247.09},{"text":"la","start":2247.09,"end":2247.21},{"text":"reunión","start":2247.21,"end":2247.74},{"text":"de","start":2247.76,"end":2247.9},{"text":"alto","start":2247.9,"end":2248.22},{"text":"nivel","start":2248.22,"end":2248.6},{"text":"mandatada","start":2248.6,"end":2249.32},{"text":"para","start":2249.32,"end":2249.6},{"text":"el","start":2249.6,"end":2249.72},{"text":"84","start":2249.72,"end":2250.88},{"text":"periodo","start":2250.91,"end":2251.28},{"text":"de","start":2251.28,"end":2251.48},{"text":"sesiones","start":2251.48,"end":2252.08},{"text":"permite","start":2252.36,"end":2252.85},{"text":"identificar","start":2252.87,"end":2253.62},{"text":"mayores","start":2253.63,"end":2254.21},{"text":"áreas","start":2254.32,"end":2254.64},{"text":"de","start":2254.65,"end":2254.74},{"text":"convergencia","start":2254.74,"end":2255.71},{"text":"y","start":2255.72,"end":2255.82},{"text":"fortalecer","start":2255.83,"end":2256.63},{"text":"los","start":2256.89,"end":2257.1},{"text":"mecanismos","start":2257.11,"end":2257.73},{"text":"de","start":2257.74,"end":2257.84},{"text":"cooperación","start":2257.84,"end":2258.76},{"text":"internacional","start":2258.76,"end":2259.64},{"text":"necesarios","start":2259.66,"end":2260.46},{"text":"para","start":2260.7,"end":2260.95},{"text":"la","start":2260.95,"end":2261.02},{"text":"implementación","start":2261.02,"end":2261.78},{"text":"efectiva","start":2261.78,"end":2262.54},{"text":"de","start":2262.55,"end":2262.71},{"text":"estos","start":2262.71,"end":2263.07},{"text":"importantes","start":2263.08,"end":2263.92},{"text":"elementos","start":2264.26,"end":2264.96},{"text":"jurídicos","start":2264.96,"end":2265.67}]},{"text":"Ahora señora presidenta, permítame referirme al capítulo 4.º del informe titulado inmunidad de jurisdicción penal extranjera de los funcionarios del estado.","start":2267.71,"end":2277.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ahora","start":2267.71,"end":2268.09},{"text":"señora","start":2268.1,"end":2268.48},{"text":"presidenta","start":2268.48,"end":2269.23},{"text":"permítame","start":2269.23,"end":2269.91},{"text":"referirme","start":2269.94,"end":2270.88},{"text":"al","start":2270.94,"end":2271.1},{"text":"capítulo","start":2271.1,"end":2271.7},{"text":"4.º","start":2271.7,"end":2272.28},{"text":"del","start":2272.28,"end":2272.46},{"text":"informe","start":2272.46,"end":2272.79},{"text":"titulado","start":2273.12,"end":2273.72},{"text":"inmunidad","start":2273.72,"end":2274.25},{"text":"de","start":2274.25,"end":2274.35},{"text":"jurisdicción","start":2274.35,"end":2275.01},{"text":"penal","start":2275.02,"end":2275.4},{"text":"extranjera","start":2275.4,"end":2276.25},{"text":"de","start":2276.25,"end":2276.4},{"text":"los","start":2276.4,"end":2276.58},{"text":"funcionarios","start":2276.58,"end":2277.1},{"text":"del","start":2277.1,"end":2277.24},{"text":"estado","start":2277.24,"end":2277.73}]},{"text":"En primer lugar mi delegación desea agradecer la valiosa labor y contribución del relator especial señor Claudio Grossman Guilof quien ha dado continuidad a una labor ampliamente desarrollada y fundamentada por la señora Concepción Escobar Hernández cuya memoria mi delegación honra, y recuerda con profundo respeto y reconocimiento.","start":2279.52,"end":2302.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"En","start":2279.52,"end":2279.7},{"text":"primer","start":2279.7,"end":2280},{"text":"lugar","start":2280,"end":2280.4},{"text":"mi","start":2280.4,"end":2280.53},{"text":"delegación","start":2280.53,"end":2281.2},{"text":"desea","start":2281.2,"end":2281.51},{"text":"agradecer","start":2281.55,"end":2282.34},{"text":"la","start":2282.34,"end":2282.46},{"text":"valiosa","start":2282.46,"end":2282.99},{"text":"labor","start":2282.99,"end":2283.45},{"text":"y","start":2283.45,"end":2283.53},{"text":"contribución","start":2283.53,"end":2284.39},{"text":"del","start":2284.4,"end":2284.56},{"text":"relator","start":2284.56,"end":2285.07},{"text":"especial","start":2285.07,"end":2285.76},{"text":"señor","start":2285.76,"end":2286.14},{"text":"Claudio","start":2286.14,"end":2286.76},{"text":"Grossman","start":2286.76,"end":2287.27},{"text":"Guilof","start":2287.27,"end":2287.71},{"text":"quien","start":2288.01,"end":2288.25},{"text":"ha","start":2288.26,"end":2288.34},{"text":"dado","start":2288.35,"end":2288.6},{"text":"continuidad","start":2288.6,"end":2289.56},{"text":"a","start":2289.56,"end":2289.63},{"text":"una","start":2289.63,"end":2289.89},{"text":"labor","start":2289.89,"end":2290.35},{"text":"ampliamente","start":2290.35,"end":2291.19},{"text":"desarrollada","start":2291.23,"end":2292.05},{"text":"y","start":2292.35,"end":2292.48},{"text":"fundamentada","start":2292.5,"end":2293.36},{"text":"por","start":2293.36,"end":2293.55},{"text":"la","start":2293.55,"end":2293.7},{"text":"señora","start":2293.7,"end":2294.13},{"text":"Concepción","start":2294.13,"end":2294.98},{"text":"Escobar","start":2294.99,"end":2295.49},{"text":"Hernández","start":2295.51,"end":2296.2},{"text":"cuya","start":2296.63,"end":2296.93},{"text":"memoria","start":2296.94,"end":2297.51},{"text":"mi","start":2297.51,"end":2297.67},{"text":"delegación","start":2297.67,"end":2298.58},{"text":"honra","start":2298.58,"end":2298.76},{"text":"y","start":2299.17,"end":2299.3},{"text":"recuerda","start":2299.32,"end":2299.99},{"text":"con","start":2300.01,"end":2300.18},{"text":"profundo","start":2300.19,"end":2300.74},{"text":"respeto","start":2300.74,"end":2301.5},{"text":"y","start":2301.53,"end":2301.65},{"text":"reconocimiento","start":2301.65,"end":2302.69}]},{"text":"Así mismo acogemos con beneplácito la recomendación formulada por la comisión de derecho internacional de que de conformidad con el artículo 23 de su estatuto, la asamblea general en el momento oportuno convenga una conferencia internacional de plenipotenciarios y considere la elaboración de una convención basada en el proyecto de artículos.","start":2305.45,"end":2329.8,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Así","start":2305.45,"end":2305.83},{"text":"mismo","start":2305.83,"end":2306.45},{"text":"acogemos","start":2306.46,"end":2307.24},{"text":"con","start":2307.24,"end":2307.44},{"text":"beneplácito","start":2307.45,"end":2308.34},{"text":"la","start":2308.35,"end":2308.46},{"text":"recomendación","start":2308.47,"end":2309.38},{"text":"formulada","start":2309.38,"end":2310.09},{"text":"por","start":2310.09,"end":2310.26},{"text":"la","start":2310.26,"end":2310.38},{"text":"comisión","start":2310.4,"end":2310.93},{"text":"de","start":2310.97,"end":2311.08},{"text":"derecho","start":2311.08,"end":2311.48},{"text":"internacional","start":2311.48,"end":2312.35},{"text":"de","start":2312.81,"end":2312.99},{"text":"que","start":2312.99,"end":2313.32},{"text":"de","start":2313.4,"end":2313.59},{"text":"conformidad","start":2313.63,"end":2314.39},{"text":"con","start":2314.39,"end":2314.63},{"text":"el","start":2314.63,"end":2314.7},{"text":"artículo","start":2314.7,"end":2315.3},{"text":"23","start":2315.6,"end":2315.88},{"text":"de","start":2315.88,"end":2315.99},{"text":"su","start":2315.99,"end":2316.15},{"text":"estatuto","start":2316.15,"end":2316.98},{"text":"la","start":2316.99,"end":2317.19},{"text":"asamblea","start":2317.19,"end":2317.81},{"text":"general","start":2317.81,"end":2318.49},{"text":"en","start":2318.87,"end":2319.14},{"text":"el","start":2319.14,"end":2319.24},{"text":"momento","start":2319.24,"end":2319.74},{"text":"oportuno","start":2319.75,"end":2320.52},{"text":"convenga","start":2320.67,"end":2321.21},{"text":"una","start":2321.23,"end":2321.39},{"text":"conferencia","start":2321.39,"end":2322},{"text":"internacional","start":2322,"end":2322.8},{"text":"de","start":2322.8,"end":2322.92},{"text":"plenipotenciarios","start":2322.92,"end":2324.2},{"text":"y","start":2325.01,"end":2325.21},{"text":"considere","start":2325.21,"end":2325.91},{"text":"la","start":2325.91,"end":2326.05},{"text":"elaboración","start":2326.06,"end":2326.77},{"text":"de","start":2326.77,"end":2326.85},{"text":"una","start":2326.86,"end":2327.04},{"text":"convención","start":2327.04,"end":2327.73},{"text":"basada","start":2327.73,"end":2328.29},{"text":"en","start":2328.29,"end":2328.45},{"text":"el","start":2328.45,"end":2328.57},{"text":"proyecto","start":2328.57,"end":2329.07},{"text":"de","start":2329.08,"end":2329.17},{"text":"artículos","start":2329.17,"end":2329.8}]},{"text":"Consideramos que alcanzar esta recomendación constituye un logro significativo de la comisión Particularmente por haber logrado un equilibrio adecuado entre distintos elementos jurídicos relevantes para garantizar el respeto del principio de igualdad soberana de los estados fue fundamento mismo de la inmunidad de los funcionarios de estado frente a la jurisdicción penal extranjera.","start":2332.13,"end":2357.36,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Consideramos","start":2332.13,"end":2332.85},{"text":"que","start":2332.85,"end":2332.93},{"text":"alcanzar","start":2332.94,"end":2333.6},{"text":"esta","start":2333.61,"end":2333.85},{"text":"recomendación","start":2333.86,"end":2334.74},{"text":"constituye","start":2334.75,"end":2335.45},{"text":"un","start":2335.46,"end":2335.61},{"text":"logro","start":2335.61,"end":2336.09},{"text":"significativo","start":2336.09,"end":2337.01},{"text":"de","start":2337.01,"end":2337.15},{"text":"la","start":2337.15,"end":2337.27},{"text":"comisión","start":2337.27,"end":2337.7},{"text":"Particularmente","start":2338.82,"end":2339.79},{"text":"por","start":2339.79,"end":2339.99},{"text":"haber","start":2339.99,"end":2340.23},{"text":"logrado","start":2340.24,"end":2340.61},{"text":"un","start":2340.61,"end":2340.72},{"text":"equilibrio","start":2340.72,"end":2341.31},{"text":"adecuado","start":2341.33,"end":2341.91},{"text":"entre","start":2341.91,"end":2342.2},{"text":"distintos","start":2342.2,"end":2342.79},{"text":"elementos","start":2342.79,"end":2343.39},{"text":"jurídicos","start":2343.39,"end":2344.11},{"text":"relevantes","start":2344.11,"end":2344.93},{"text":"para","start":2344.93,"end":2345.17},{"text":"garantizar","start":2345.18,"end":2346.03},{"text":"el","start":2346.34,"end":2346.55},{"text":"respeto","start":2346.58,"end":2347.23},{"text":"del","start":2347.23,"end":2347.38},{"text":"principio","start":2347.38,"end":2348},{"text":"de","start":2348.01,"end":2348.08},{"text":"igualdad","start":2348.08,"end":2348.55},{"text":"soberana","start":2348.56,"end":2349.17},{"text":"de","start":2349.17,"end":2349.28},{"text":"los","start":2349.29,"end":2349.58},{"text":"estados","start":2349.58,"end":2350.23},{"text":"fue","start":2350.59,"end":2350.68},{"text":"fundamento","start":2350.68,"end":2351.29},{"text":"mismo","start":2351.29,"end":2351.79},{"text":"de","start":2351.79,"end":2351.9},{"text":"la","start":2351.9,"end":2352},{"text":"inmunidad","start":2352,"end":2352.5},{"text":"de","start":2352.5,"end":2352.63},{"text":"los","start":2352.63,"end":2352.84},{"text":"funcionarios","start":2352.84,"end":2353.49},{"text":"de","start":2353.49,"end":2353.57},{"text":"estado","start":2353.57,"end":2354.01},{"text":"frente","start":2354.01,"end":2354.61},{"text":"a","start":2354.77,"end":2354.99},{"text":"la","start":2354.99,"end":2355.14},{"text":"jurisdicción","start":2355.14,"end":2355.92},{"text":"penal","start":2356.21,"end":2356.65},{"text":"extranjera.","start":2356.66,"end":2357.36}]},{"text":"la inmunidad reconocida a los funcionarios del estado en virtud del derecho internacional tiene por finalidad proteger los derechos e intereses del estado como ha señalado la Corte Internacional de Justicia, dichas inmunidades no se conceden en beneficio personal de los funcionarios, sino para asegurar su capacidad de representar a su estado y desempeñar las funciones que les corresponden.","start":2359.5,"end":2385.35,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"la","start":2359.5,"end":2359.68},{"text":"inmunidad","start":2359.69,"end":2360.27},{"text":"reconocida","start":2360.27,"end":2360.93},{"text":"a","start":2360.95,"end":2360.97},{"text":"los","start":2360.97,"end":2361.18},{"text":"funcionarios","start":2361.18,"end":2361.8},{"text":"del","start":2361.81,"end":2361.97},{"text":"estado","start":2361.97,"end":2362.53},{"text":"en","start":2362.56,"end":2362.71},{"text":"virtud","start":2362.71,"end":2363.13},{"text":"del","start":2363.13,"end":2363.29},{"text":"derecho","start":2363.29,"end":2363.66},{"text":"internacional","start":2363.68,"end":2364.64},{"text":"tiene","start":2364.64,"end":2365.11},{"text":"por","start":2365.11,"end":2365.32},{"text":"finalidad","start":2365.34,"end":2366.04},{"text":"proteger","start":2366.04,"end":2366.85},{"text":"los","start":2366.85,"end":2367.08},{"text":"derechos","start":2367.22,"end":2367.71},{"text":"e","start":2367.72,"end":2367.92},{"text":"intereses","start":2367.92,"end":2368.64},{"text":"del","start":2368.68,"end":2368.96},{"text":"estado","start":2369.01,"end":2369.44},{"text":"como","start":2369.96,"end":2370.23},{"text":"ha","start":2370.24,"end":2370.35},{"text":"señalado","start":2370.35,"end":2370.84},{"text":"la","start":2370.84,"end":2370.99},{"text":"Corte","start":2370.99,"end":2371.35},{"text":"Internacional","start":2371.35,"end":2372.03},{"text":"de","start":2372.03,"end":2372.11},{"text":"Justicia","start":2372.11,"end":2372.79},{"text":"dichas","start":2372.8,"end":2373.27},{"text":"inmunidades","start":2373.27,"end":2374.03},{"text":"no","start":2374.04,"end":2374.32},{"text":"se","start":2374.32,"end":2374.49},{"text":"conceden","start":2374.49,"end":2375.14},{"text":"en","start":2375.14,"end":2375.24},{"text":"beneficio","start":2375.24,"end":2375.82},{"text":"personal","start":2375.83,"end":2376.43},{"text":"de","start":2376.43,"end":2376.51},{"text":"los","start":2376.52,"end":2376.66},{"text":"funcionarios","start":2376.68,"end":2377.43},{"text":"sino","start":2377.7,"end":2378.06},{"text":"para","start":2378.06,"end":2378.3},{"text":"asegurar","start":2378.31,"end":2378.97},{"text":"su","start":2378.97,"end":2379.14},{"text":"capacidad","start":2379.14,"end":2379.84},{"text":"de","start":2379.84,"end":2379.98},{"text":"representar","start":2379.98,"end":2380.88},{"text":"a","start":2380.9,"end":2380.98},{"text":"su","start":2380.98,"end":2381.16},{"text":"estado","start":2381.16,"end":2381.74},{"text":"y","start":2382.06,"end":2382.18},{"text":"desempeñar","start":2382.2,"end":2383.04},{"text":"las","start":2383.04,"end":2383.32},{"text":"funciones","start":2383.32,"end":2383.98},{"text":"que","start":2384.26,"end":2384.42},{"text":"les","start":2384.42,"end":2384.6},{"text":"corresponden","start":2384.61,"end":2385.35}]},{"text":"No obstante, observamos con preocupación la divergencia que se centró en la lista de crímenes respecto de los cuales la inmunidad razón ración en materie no resultaría aplicable.","start":2386.13,"end":2398.75,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"No","start":2386.13,"end":2386.3},{"text":"obstante","start":2386.3,"end":2386.94},{"text":"observamos","start":2386.94,"end":2387.88},{"text":"con","start":2388.19,"end":2388.21},{"text":"preocupación","start":2388.21,"end":2389.38},{"text":"la","start":2389.81,"end":2390.04},{"text":"divergencia","start":2390.04,"end":2390.8},{"text":"que","start":2390.8,"end":2390.94},{"text":"se","start":2390.95,"end":2391.09},{"text":"centró","start":2391.09,"end":2391.6},{"text":"en","start":2391.6,"end":2391.7},{"text":"la","start":2391.7,"end":2391.84},{"text":"lista","start":2391.84,"end":2392.23},{"text":"de","start":2392.23,"end":2392.34},{"text":"crímenes","start":2392.34,"end":2392.9},{"text":"respecto","start":2392.9,"end":2393.54},{"text":"de","start":2393.54,"end":2393.61},{"text":"los","start":2393.61,"end":2393.8},{"text":"cuales","start":2393.8,"end":2394.28},{"text":"la","start":2394.28,"end":2394.36},{"text":"inmunidad","start":2394.38,"end":2394.97},{"text":"razón","start":2395.28,"end":2395.3},{"text":"ración","start":2395.3,"end":2396.43},{"text":"en","start":2396.43,"end":2396.52},{"text":"materie","start":2396.52,"end":2397.2},{"text":"no","start":2397.2,"end":2397.44},{"text":"resultaría","start":2397.44,"end":2398.08},{"text":"aplicable","start":2398.08,"end":2398.75}]},{"text":"Si bien esa circunstancia tuvo lugar durante las deliberaciones celebradas en abril de 20 26, mi delegación aprecia los esfuerzos realizados posteriormente por la comisión para alcanzar el texto que hoy se presenta.","start":2400.06,"end":2414.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Si","start":2400.06,"end":2400.24},{"text":"bien","start":2400.24,"end":2400.48},{"text":"esa","start":2400.48,"end":2400.68},{"text":"circunstancia","start":2400.68,"end":2401.52},{"text":"tuvo","start":2401.55,"end":2401.81},{"text":"lugar","start":2401.83,"end":2402.2},{"text":"durante","start":2402.2,"end":2402.59},{"text":"las","start":2402.59,"end":2402.77},{"text":"deliberaciones","start":2402.78,"end":2403.66},{"text":"celebradas","start":2403.66,"end":2404.37},{"text":"en","start":2404.37,"end":2404.5},{"text":"abril","start":2404.5,"end":2404.85},{"text":"de","start":2404.85,"end":2404.97},{"text":"20","start":2404.97,"end":2405.3},{"text":"26","start":2405.63,"end":2406.06},{"text":"mi","start":2406.47,"end":2406.61},{"text":"delegación","start":2406.62,"end":2407.32},{"text":"aprecia","start":2407.32,"end":2407.86},{"text":"los","start":2407.86,"end":2408.09},{"text":"esfuerzos","start":2408.09,"end":2408.7},{"text":"realizados","start":2408.93,"end":2409.79},{"text":"posteriormente","start":2409.79,"end":2410.64},{"text":"por","start":2410.64,"end":2410.85},{"text":"la","start":2410.85,"end":2410.98},{"text":"comisión","start":2410.98,"end":2411.62},{"text":"para","start":2411.87,"end":2412.1},{"text":"alcanzar","start":2412.1,"end":2412.68},{"text":"el","start":2412.68,"end":2412.78},{"text":"texto","start":2412.78,"end":2413.34},{"text":"que","start":2413.36,"end":2413.59},{"text":"hoy","start":2413.62,"end":2413.84},{"text":"se","start":2413.85,"end":2413.98},{"text":"presenta","start":2413.98,"end":2414.63}]},{"text":"Como lo mencionó el profesor Grossman aprobado en íntegramente en sus comentarios sin observaciones y por consenso.","start":2415.26,"end":2424.26,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Como","start":2415.26,"end":2415.53},{"text":"lo","start":2415.53,"end":2415.67},{"text":"mencionó","start":2415.67,"end":2416.35},{"text":"el","start":2416.35,"end":2416.44},{"text":"profesor","start":2416.45,"end":2417.21},{"text":"Grossman","start":2417.44,"end":2418.07},{"text":"aprobado","start":2418.36,"end":2419.17},{"text":"en","start":2419.53,"end":2419.74},{"text":"íntegramente","start":2420.04,"end":2420.83},{"text":"en","start":2420.83,"end":2420.9},{"text":"sus","start":2420.9,"end":2421.11},{"text":"comentarios","start":2421.11,"end":2421.96},{"text":"sin","start":2421.96,"end":2422.3},{"text":"observaciones","start":2422.3,"end":2423.2},{"text":"y","start":2423.22,"end":2423.36},{"text":"por","start":2423.36,"end":2423.6},{"text":"consenso","start":2423.6,"end":2424.26}]},{"text":"En este contexto aunque subsisten diferencias de opinión entre quienes favorecen una lista cerrada de crímenes y quienes prefieren un enfoque basado en criterios generales.","start":2425.62,"end":2436.78,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"En","start":2425.62,"end":2425.76},{"text":"este","start":2425.76,"end":2426.04},{"text":"contexto","start":2426.04,"end":2426.87},{"text":"aunque","start":2426.96,"end":2427.32},{"text":"subsisten","start":2427.32,"end":2428.12},{"text":"diferencias","start":2428.13,"end":2428.86},{"text":"de","start":2428.86,"end":2428.93},{"text":"opinión","start":2428.93,"end":2429.53},{"text":"entre","start":2429.64,"end":2430.03},{"text":"quienes","start":2430.05,"end":2430.38},{"text":"favorecen","start":2430.38,"end":2431.02},{"text":"una","start":2431.04,"end":2431.29},{"text":"lista","start":2431.29,"end":2431.7},{"text":"cerrada","start":2431.7,"end":2432.15},{"text":"de","start":2432.18,"end":2432.3},{"text":"crímenes","start":2432.3,"end":2433.02},{"text":"y","start":2433.02,"end":2433.02},{"text":"quienes","start":2433.02,"end":2433.54},{"text":"prefieren","start":2433.55,"end":2434.18},{"text":"un","start":2434.18,"end":2434.31},{"text":"enfoque","start":2434.31,"end":2434.8},{"text":"basado","start":2434.8,"end":2435.38},{"text":"en","start":2435.38,"end":2435.55},{"text":"criterios","start":2435.55,"end":2436.08},{"text":"generales","start":2436.08,"end":2436.78}]},{"text":"Mi delegación valora la seguridad y la certeza jurídica que aporta una enumeración claramente definida sin que ello excluya el desarrollo progresivo del derecho internacional.","start":2437.26,"end":2450.96,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Mi","start":2437.26,"end":2437.4},{"text":"delegación","start":2437.4,"end":2438.02},{"text":"valora","start":2438.02,"end":2438.56},{"text":"la","start":2438.56,"end":2438.73},{"text":"seguridad","start":2438.73,"end":2439.64},{"text":"y","start":2439.64,"end":2439.72},{"text":"la","start":2439.74,"end":2439.86},{"text":"certeza","start":2439.86,"end":2440.5},{"text":"jurídica","start":2440.53,"end":2441.27},{"text":"que","start":2441.28,"end":2441.45},{"text":"aporta","start":2441.46,"end":2442.18},{"text":"una","start":2442.41,"end":2442.82},{"text":"enumeración","start":2442.82,"end":2443.56},{"text":"claramente","start":2443.56,"end":2444.25},{"text":"definida","start":2444.25,"end":2444.93},{"text":"sin","start":2445.29,"end":2445.53},{"text":"que","start":2445.53,"end":2445.69},{"text":"ello","start":2445.69,"end":2446.01},{"text":"excluya","start":2446.65,"end":2447.3},{"text":"el","start":2447.31,"end":2447.39},{"text":"desarrollo","start":2447.4,"end":2448.01},{"text":"progresivo","start":2448.01,"end":2448.87},{"text":"del","start":2449.13,"end":2449.34},{"text":"derecho","start":2449.36,"end":2450.05},{"text":"internacional","start":2450.09,"end":2450.96}]},{"text":"Asimismo consideramos la insufici que la insuficiencia de práctica estatal existente, no debe interpretarse necesariamente como un obstáculo para que una disposición de esta naturaleza pueda consolidarse progresivamente mediante una práctica acompañada de opinio iuris generando eventualmente efectos jurídicos vinculantes.","start":2452.85,"end":2477.31,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Asimismo","start":2452.85,"end":2453.53},{"text":"consideramos","start":2453.53,"end":2454.43},{"text":"la","start":2454.44,"end":2454.54},{"text":"insufici","start":2454.55,"end":2455.19},{"text":"que","start":2455.21,"end":2455.38},{"text":"la","start":2455.38,"end":2455.6},{"text":"insuficiencia","start":2455.61,"end":2456.53},{"text":"de","start":2456.54,"end":2456.66},{"text":"práctica","start":2456.66,"end":2457.27},{"text":"estatal","start":2457.27,"end":2457.76},{"text":"existente","start":2457.79,"end":2458.59},{"text":"no","start":2458.99,"end":2459.31},{"text":"debe","start":2459.31,"end":2459.71},{"text":"interpretarse","start":2459.71,"end":2460.49},{"text":"necesariamente","start":2460.49,"end":2461.42},{"text":"como","start":2461.42,"end":2461.71},{"text":"un","start":2461.72,"end":2461.96},{"text":"obstáculo","start":2461.99,"end":2462.76},{"text":"para","start":2462.77,"end":2463.04},{"text":"que","start":2463.04,"end":2463.24},{"text":"una","start":2463.24,"end":2463.59},{"text":"disposición","start":2463.59,"end":2464.45},{"text":"de","start":2464.71,"end":2464.88},{"text":"esta","start":2464.88,"end":2465.31},{"text":"naturaleza","start":2465.34,"end":2466.19},{"text":"pueda","start":2466.43,"end":2466.93},{"text":"consolidarse","start":2466.93,"end":2467.53},{"text":"progresivamente","start":2467.82,"end":2469},{"text":"mediante","start":2469.25,"end":2470.07},{"text":"una","start":2470.07,"end":2470.49},{"text":"práctica","start":2470.49,"end":2471.09},{"text":"acompañada","start":2471.12,"end":2471.83},{"text":"de","start":2471.83,"end":2471.94},{"text":"opinio","start":2471.94,"end":2472.38},{"text":"iuris","start":2472.38,"end":2472.84},{"text":"generando","start":2473.13,"end":2473.73},{"text":"eventualmente","start":2473.75,"end":2474.7},{"text":"efectos","start":2474.75,"end":2475.41},{"text":"jurídicos","start":2475.43,"end":2476.13},{"text":"vinculantes","start":2476.37,"end":2477.31}]},{"text":"En cuanto a las salvaguardias procesales acogemos con satisfacción el fortalecimiento equilibrado de diversos elementos y destacamos en particular el artículo nueve párrafo tres, cuya referencia a cualquiera de las vías de comunicación aceptadas por los estados interesados, ofrece una formulación suficientemente amplia y flexible, permitiendo que los estados determinen caso por caso los mecanismos más apropiados de comunicación ya sea en el marco de tratados generales o mediante acuerdos específicos entre los estados involucrados.","start":2478.61,"end":2514.51,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"En","start":2478.61,"end":2478.8},{"text":"cuanto","start":2478.8,"end":2479.12},{"text":"a","start":2479.12,"end":2479.16},{"text":"las","start":2479.16,"end":2479.37},{"text":"salvaguardias","start":2479.41,"end":2480.22},{"text":"procesales","start":2480.22,"end":2480.5},{"text":"acogemos","start":2481.15,"end":2481.81},{"text":"con","start":2481.81,"end":2481.99},{"text":"satisfacción","start":2481.99,"end":2482.85},{"text":"el","start":2482.85,"end":2482.95},{"text":"fortalecimiento","start":2482.95,"end":2483.86},{"text":"equilibrado","start":2483.87,"end":2484.55},{"text":"de","start":2484.55,"end":2484.68},{"text":"diversos","start":2484.68,"end":2485.23},{"text":"elementos","start":2485.23,"end":2485.95},{"text":"y","start":2486.43,"end":2486.55},{"text":"destacamos","start":2486.55,"end":2487.28},{"text":"en","start":2487.28,"end":2487.39},{"text":"particular","start":2487.39,"end":2488.16},{"text":"el","start":2488.16,"end":2488.3},{"text":"artículo","start":2488.3,"end":2488.81},{"text":"nueve","start":2488.81,"end":2489.31},{"text":"párrafo","start":2489.31,"end":2489.85},{"text":"tres","start":2489.85,"end":2490.33},{"text":"cuya","start":2490.72,"end":2491},{"text":"referencia","start":2491,"end":2491.67},{"text":"a","start":2491.67,"end":2491.71},{"text":"cualquiera","start":2491.71,"end":2492.32},{"text":"de","start":2492.32,"end":2492.45},{"text":"las","start":2492.45,"end":2492.69},{"text":"vías","start":2492.69,"end":2493.04},{"text":"de","start":2493.06,"end":2493.11},{"text":"comunicación","start":2493.12,"end":2493.48},{"text":"aceptadas","start":2493.93,"end":2494.71},{"text":"por","start":2494.71,"end":2494.93},{"text":"los","start":2494.93,"end":2495.18},{"text":"estados","start":2495.18,"end":2495.65},{"text":"interesados","start":2495.67,"end":2496.47},{"text":"ofrece","start":2496.82,"end":2497.37},{"text":"una","start":2497.37,"end":2497.53},{"text":"formulación","start":2497.53,"end":2498.28},{"text":"suficientemente","start":2498.28,"end":2499.26},{"text":"amplia","start":2499.27,"end":2499.81},{"text":"y","start":2500.05,"end":2500.23},{"text":"flexible","start":2500.24,"end":2500.97},{"text":"permitiendo","start":2500.97,"end":2501.64},{"text":"que","start":2501.65,"end":2501.77},{"text":"los","start":2501.77,"end":2501.97},{"text":"estados","start":2501.97,"end":2502.45},{"text":"determinen","start":2502.45,"end":2503.14},{"text":"caso","start":2503.38,"end":2503.77},{"text":"por","start":2503.77,"end":2503.98},{"text":"caso","start":2504.01,"end":2504.39},{"text":"los","start":2504.4,"end":2504.59},{"text":"mecanismos","start":2504.59,"end":2505.3},{"text":"más","start":2505.61,"end":2506.05},{"text":"apropiados","start":2506.05,"end":2506.47},{"text":"de","start":2506.75,"end":2506.83},{"text":"comunicación","start":2506.83,"end":2507.66},{"text":"ya","start":2508.23,"end":2508.4},{"text":"sea","start":2508.4,"end":2508.61},{"text":"en","start":2508.61,"end":2508.71},{"text":"el","start":2508.71,"end":2508.79},{"text":"marco","start":2508.8,"end":2509.16},{"text":"de","start":2509.16,"end":2509.24},{"text":"tratados","start":2509.24,"end":2509.75},{"text":"generales","start":2509.77,"end":2510.37},{"text":"o","start":2510.37,"end":2510.45},{"text":"mediante","start":2510.45,"end":2510.87},{"text":"acuerdos","start":2510.87,"end":2511.31},{"text":"específicos","start":2511.31,"end":2512.14},{"text":"entre","start":2512.39,"end":2512.78},{"text":"los","start":2512.78,"end":2513.01},{"text":"estados","start":2513.01,"end":2513.59},{"text":"involucrados","start":2513.63,"end":2514.51}]},{"text":"Por otra parte es preciso reconocer que la 6.ª comisión requerirá un proceso de diálogo estructurado para examinar adecuadamente la recomendación formulada por la comisión.","start":2516.31,"end":2528.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Por","start":2516.31,"end":2516.47},{"text":"otra","start":2516.47,"end":2516.71},{"text":"parte","start":2516.71,"end":2517.04},{"text":"es","start":2517.04,"end":2517.16},{"text":"preciso","start":2517.16,"end":2517.63},{"text":"reconocer","start":2517.63,"end":2518.35},{"text":"que","start":2518.35,"end":2518.5},{"text":"la","start":2518.5,"end":2518.6},{"text":"6.ª","start":2518.6,"end":2519.11},{"text":"comisión","start":2519.12,"end":2519.43},{"text":"requerirá","start":2519.8,"end":2520.54},{"text":"un","start":2520.55,"end":2520.78},{"text":"proceso","start":2520.79,"end":2521.42},{"text":"de","start":2521.44,"end":2521.57},{"text":"diálogo","start":2521.57,"end":2522.22},{"text":"estructurado","start":2522.26,"end":2523.53},{"text":"para","start":2523.82,"end":2524.09},{"text":"examinar","start":2524.09,"end":2524.8},{"text":"adecuadamente","start":2524.83,"end":2526.02},{"text":"la","start":2526.06,"end":2526.19},{"text":"recomendación","start":2526.19,"end":2527.12},{"text":"formulada","start":2527.13,"end":2527.69},{"text":"por","start":2527.69,"end":2527.86},{"text":"la","start":2527.86,"end":2527.98},{"text":"comisión","start":2527.99,"end":2528.59}]},{"text":"Y considerar en el momento oportuno la posible utilización de este proyecto de artículos como base para un instrumento futuro.","start":2529.12,"end":2537.16,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Y","start":2529.12,"end":2529.26},{"text":"considerar","start":2529.26,"end":2530.16},{"text":"en","start":2530.16,"end":2530.37},{"text":"el","start":2530.37,"end":2530.48},{"text":"momento","start":2530.48,"end":2530.96},{"text":"oportuno","start":2531.54,"end":2531.59},{"text":"la","start":2531.6,"end":2531.74},{"text":"posible","start":2531.74,"end":2532.18},{"text":"utilización","start":2532.18,"end":2532.95},{"text":"de","start":2532.95,"end":2533.06},{"text":"este","start":2533.06,"end":2533.28},{"text":"proyecto","start":2533.28,"end":2533.68},{"text":"de","start":2533.7,"end":2533.76},{"text":"artículos","start":2533.76,"end":2534.38},{"text":"como","start":2534.69,"end":2535.01},{"text":"base","start":2535.01,"end":2535.38},{"text":"para","start":2535.38,"end":2535.64},{"text":"un","start":2535.65,"end":2535.9},{"text":"instrumento","start":2535.92,"end":2536.64},{"text":"futuro","start":2536.64,"end":2537.16}]},{"text":"En el emprendimiento de este proceso podría resultar útil que las delegaciones continúen examinando con mayor detalle los procedimientos de las salvaguardias procesales por ejemplo reflejando las aclaraciones contenidas en los comentarios al proyecto de artículo 10.","start":2537.9,"end":2554.69,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"En","start":2537.9,"end":2538.1},{"text":"el","start":2538.1,"end":2538.22},{"text":"emprendimiento","start":2538.22,"end":2539.09},{"text":"de","start":2539.09,"end":2539.16},{"text":"este","start":2539.16,"end":2539.38},{"text":"proceso","start":2539.38,"end":2540},{"text":"podría","start":2540,"end":2540.61},{"text":"resultar","start":2540.61,"end":2541.14},{"text":"útil","start":2541.14,"end":2541.44},{"text":"que","start":2541.45,"end":2541.58},{"text":"las","start":2541.58,"end":2541.75},{"text":"delegaciones","start":2541.75,"end":2542.48},{"text":"continúen","start":2542.48,"end":2543.2},{"text":"examinando","start":2543.21,"end":2543.96},{"text":"con","start":2543.96,"end":2544.12},{"text":"mayor","start":2544.15,"end":2544.48},{"text":"detalle","start":2544.49,"end":2545.03},{"text":"los","start":2545.25,"end":2545.41},{"text":"procedimientos","start":2545.43,"end":2546.18},{"text":"de","start":2546.18,"end":2546.27},{"text":"las","start":2546.27,"end":2546.38},{"text":"salvaguardias","start":2546.38,"end":2547.07},{"text":"procesales","start":2547.07,"end":2547.82},{"text":"por","start":2548.52,"end":2548.72},{"text":"ejemplo","start":2548.73,"end":2549.29},{"text":"reflejando","start":2549.29,"end":2549.91},{"text":"las","start":2549.92,"end":2550.13},{"text":"aclaraciones","start":2550.13,"end":2550.92},{"text":"contenidas","start":2550.92,"end":2551.53},{"text":"en","start":2551.53,"end":2551.62},{"text":"los","start":2551.64,"end":2551.81},{"text":"comentarios","start":2551.81,"end":2552.48},{"text":"al","start":2552.48,"end":2552.61},{"text":"proyecto","start":2552.61,"end":2553.23},{"text":"de","start":2553.55,"end":2553.69},{"text":"artículo","start":2553.69,"end":2554.25},{"text":"10","start":2554.27,"end":2554.69}]},{"text":"Finalmente, como ocurre con todo proyecto de instrumento jurídico internacional, mi delegación considera importante que la difusión de estos artículos vaya acompañada de iniciativas de creación y fortalecimiento de capacidades que faciliten su comprensión e implementación.","start":2556.91,"end":2575.28,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Finalmente","start":2556.91,"end":2557.75},{"text":"como","start":2558.07,"end":2558.39},{"text":"ocurre","start":2558.39,"end":2558.7},{"text":"con","start":2558.71,"end":2558.91},{"text":"todo","start":2558.93,"end":2559.39},{"text":"proyecto","start":2559.4,"end":2559.93},{"text":"de","start":2559.96,"end":2560},{"text":"instrumento","start":2560,"end":2560.6},{"text":"jurídico","start":2560.6,"end":2561.07},{"text":"internacional","start":2561.07,"end":2561.92},{"text":"mi","start":2562.32,"end":2562.46},{"text":"delegación","start":2562.47,"end":2563.12},{"text":"considera","start":2563.12,"end":2563.68},{"text":"importante","start":2563.7,"end":2564.32},{"text":"que","start":2564.32,"end":2564.45},{"text":"la","start":2564.45,"end":2564.58},{"text":"difusión","start":2564.59,"end":2565.26},{"text":"de","start":2565.28,"end":2565.36},{"text":"estos","start":2565.36,"end":2565.68},{"text":"artículos","start":2565.68,"end":2566.38},{"text":"vaya","start":2566.72,"end":2567.08},{"text":"acompañada","start":2567.08,"end":2567.8},{"text":"de","start":2567.8,"end":2567.92},{"text":"iniciativas","start":2567.92,"end":2568.68},{"text":"de","start":2568.68,"end":2568.78},{"text":"creación","start":2568.78,"end":2569.48},{"text":"y","start":2569.48,"end":2569.59},{"text":"fortalecimiento","start":2569.59,"end":2570.56},{"text":"de","start":2570.56,"end":2570.68},{"text":"capacidades","start":2570.68,"end":2571.38},{"text":"que","start":2571.84,"end":2572.02},{"text":"faciliten","start":2572.02,"end":2572.7},{"text":"su","start":2572.71,"end":2572.85},{"text":"comprensión","start":2572.85,"end":2573.6},{"text":"e","start":2574.14,"end":2574.32},{"text":"implementación","start":2574.33,"end":2575.28}]},{"text":"Señora presidenta, sobre los principios generales del derecho mi delegación acoge con especial satisfacción la aprobación en segunda lectura del proyecto de conclusiones y desea expresar su reconocimiento al relator especial señor Marcelo Vázquez Bermúdez por su notable contribución.","start":2577.14,"end":2595.34,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Señora","start":2577.14,"end":2577.5},{"text":"presidenta","start":2577.5,"end":2578.23},{"text":"sobre","start":2578.23,"end":2578.52},{"text":"los","start":2578.53,"end":2578.7},{"text":"principios","start":2578.7,"end":2579.25},{"text":"generales","start":2579.25,"end":2579.82},{"text":"del","start":2579.82,"end":2579.98},{"text":"derecho","start":2579.98,"end":2580.42},{"text":"mi","start":2581.01,"end":2581.16},{"text":"delegación","start":2581.17,"end":2581.9},{"text":"acoge","start":2581.9,"end":2582.31},{"text":"con","start":2582.31,"end":2582.49},{"text":"especial","start":2582.49,"end":2583},{"text":"satisfacción","start":2583,"end":2583.82},{"text":"la","start":2583.82,"end":2583.93},{"text":"aprobación","start":2583.93,"end":2584.36},{"text":"en","start":2584.69,"end":2584.89},{"text":"segunda","start":2584.89,"end":2585.27},{"text":"lectura","start":2585.29,"end":2585.74},{"text":"del","start":2585.74,"end":2585.86},{"text":"proyecto","start":2585.86,"end":2586.36},{"text":"de","start":2586.36,"end":2586.43},{"text":"conclusiones","start":2586.43,"end":2587.27},{"text":"y","start":2587.69,"end":2587.82},{"text":"desea","start":2587.83,"end":2588.18},{"text":"expresar","start":2588.18,"end":2588.89},{"text":"su","start":2589.01,"end":2589.18},{"text":"reconocimiento","start":2589.18,"end":2589.99},{"text":"al","start":2590,"end":2590.1},{"text":"relator","start":2590.1,"end":2590.61},{"text":"especial","start":2590.64,"end":2591.17},{"text":"señor","start":2591.17,"end":2591.66},{"text":"Marcelo","start":2591.87,"end":2592.42},{"text":"Vázquez","start":2592.43,"end":2592.88},{"text":"Bermúdez","start":2592.89,"end":2593.51},{"text":"por","start":2593.81,"end":2593.99},{"text":"su","start":2593.99,"end":2594.11},{"text":"notable","start":2594.11,"end":2594.61},{"text":"contribución","start":2594.61,"end":2595.34}]},{"text":"Valoramos particularmente la sustitución de la anacrónica referencia a las naciones civilizadas por la noción de comunidad internacional, lo que reafirma que todos los estados participan en pie de igualdad en la formación de estos principios conforme el principio de igualdad soberana consagrado en el artículo dos párrafo uno de la carta de las Naciones Unidas.","start":2596.08,"end":2618.15,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Valoramos","start":2596.08,"end":2596.68},{"text":"particularmente","start":2596.68,"end":2597.33},{"text":"la","start":2597.75,"end":2597.87},{"text":"sustitución","start":2597.87,"end":2598.66},{"text":"de","start":2598.66,"end":2598.76},{"text":"la","start":2598.76,"end":2598.89},{"text":"anacrónica","start":2598.89,"end":2599.52},{"text":"referencia","start":2599.52,"end":2600.23},{"text":"a","start":2600.23,"end":2600.37},{"text":"las","start":2600.37,"end":2600.59},{"text":"naciones","start":2600.59,"end":2601.03},{"text":"civilizadas","start":2601.03,"end":2601.88},{"text":"por","start":2602.11,"end":2602.27},{"text":"la","start":2602.27,"end":2602.37},{"text":"noción","start":2602.37,"end":2602.78},{"text":"de","start":2602.79,"end":2602.94},{"text":"comunidad","start":2602.94,"end":2603.51},{"text":"internacional","start":2603.53,"end":2604.3},{"text":"lo","start":2604.67,"end":2604.78},{"text":"que","start":2604.79,"end":2604.9},{"text":"reafirma","start":2604.9,"end":2605.46},{"text":"que","start":2605.46,"end":2605.6},{"text":"todos","start":2605.6,"end":2606.08},{"text":"los","start":2606.08,"end":2606.27},{"text":"estados","start":2606.27,"end":2606.73},{"text":"participan","start":2606.75,"end":2607.38},{"text":"en","start":2607.38,"end":2607.51},{"text":"pie","start":2607.51,"end":2607.81},{"text":"de","start":2607.81,"end":2607.89},{"text":"igualdad","start":2607.89,"end":2608.39},{"text":"en","start":2608.63,"end":2608.81},{"text":"la","start":2608.81,"end":2608.92},{"text":"formación","start":2608.92,"end":2609.72},{"text":"de","start":2609.72,"end":2609.81},{"text":"estos","start":2609.81,"end":2610.08},{"text":"principios","start":2610.08,"end":2610.74},{"text":"conforme","start":2610.98,"end":2611.45},{"text":"el","start":2611.45,"end":2611.55},{"text":"principio","start":2611.55,"end":2612.05},{"text":"de","start":2612.05,"end":2612.09},{"text":"igualdad","start":2612.09,"end":2612.49},{"text":"soberana","start":2612.49,"end":2613.06},{"text":"consagrado","start":2613.06,"end":2613.69},{"text":"en","start":2613.69,"end":2613.78},{"text":"el","start":2613.78,"end":2613.85},{"text":"artículo","start":2613.85,"end":2614.45},{"text":"dos","start":2614.45,"end":2614.8},{"text":"párrafo","start":2615.13,"end":2615.71},{"text":"uno","start":2615.73,"end":2616.12},{"text":"de","start":2616.12,"end":2616.22},{"text":"la","start":2616.22,"end":2616.35},{"text":"carta","start":2616.35,"end":2616.77},{"text":"de","start":2616.77,"end":2616.87},{"text":"las","start":2616.88,"end":2617.07},{"text":"Naciones","start":2617.07,"end":2617.63},{"text":"Unidas","start":2617.63,"end":2618.15}]},{"text":"Consideramos igualmente positivo que este enfoque inclusivo se refleja en la metodología propuesta mediante la exigencia de un análisis comparativo amplio y representativo que tome en consideración las distintas regiones y tradiciones jurídicas del mundo.","start":2619.41,"end":2635.28,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Consideramos","start":2619.41,"end":2620.16},{"text":"igualmente","start":2620.16,"end":2620.7},{"text":"positivo","start":2620.7,"end":2621.4},{"text":"que","start":2621.4,"end":2621.53},{"text":"este","start":2621.53,"end":2621.73},{"text":"enfoque","start":2621.73,"end":2622.13},{"text":"inclusivo","start":2622.13,"end":2622.77},{"text":"se","start":2622.77,"end":2622.91},{"text":"refleja","start":2622.91,"end":2623.31},{"text":"en","start":2623.61,"end":2623.64},{"text":"la","start":2623.64,"end":2623.79},{"text":"metodología","start":2623.79,"end":2624.55},{"text":"propuesta","start":2624.55,"end":2625.23},{"text":"mediante","start":2625.52,"end":2626.05},{"text":"la","start":2626.05,"end":2626.12},{"text":"exigencia","start":2626.12,"end":2626.76},{"text":"de","start":2626.76,"end":2626.86},{"text":"un","start":2626.86,"end":2626.96},{"text":"análisis","start":2626.96,"end":2627.48},{"text":"comparativo","start":2627.49,"end":2628.27},{"text":"amplio","start":2628.29,"end":2628.84},{"text":"y","start":2629.11,"end":2629.29},{"text":"representativo","start":2629.29,"end":2630.42},{"text":"que","start":2630.83,"end":2631},{"text":"tome","start":2631,"end":2631.34},{"text":"en","start":2631.34,"end":2631.42},{"text":"consideración","start":2631.42,"end":2632.27},{"text":"las","start":2632.27,"end":2632.46},{"text":"distintas","start":2632.47,"end":2632.99},{"text":"regiones","start":2633.02,"end":2633.58},{"text":"y","start":2633.58,"end":2633.64},{"text":"tradiciones","start":2633.64,"end":2634.23},{"text":"jurídicas","start":2634.23,"end":2634.76},{"text":"del","start":2634.76,"end":2634.89},{"text":"mundo","start":2634.92,"end":2635.28}]},{"text":"Así mismo reconocemos el valor del tratamiento otorgado a los principios generales que pueden formarse dentro del propio sistema jurídico internacional acompañado de las salvaguardias pertinentes, a así como la clarificación de que su función contribuye a la coherencia de dicho sistema y que su relación no es jerárquica respecto a los tratados y el derecho internacional consultenario.","start":2636.95,"end":2661.83,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. 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estas razones mi delegación apoya plenamente la recomendación formulada por la comisión en esta materia.","start":2662.22,"end":2669.22,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Por","start":2662.22,"end":2662.41},{"text":"estas","start":2662.41,"end":2662.72},{"text":"razones","start":2662.72,"end":2663.29},{"text":"mi","start":2663.34,"end":2663.48},{"text":"delegación","start":2663.48,"end":2664.08},{"text":"apoya","start":2664.08,"end":2664.46},{"text":"plenamente","start":2664.46,"end":2665.08},{"text":"la","start":2665.1,"end":2665.21},{"text":"recomendación","start":2665.21,"end":2666},{"text":"formulada","start":2666,"end":2666.65},{"text":"por","start":2666.86,"end":2667.06},{"text":"la","start":2667.08,"end":2667.19},{"text":"comisión","start":2667.19,"end":2667.79},{"text":"en","start":2667.82,"end":2668.06},{"text":"esta","start":2668.06,"end":2668.54},{"text":"materia","start":2668.7,"end":2669.22}]},{"text":"Señora presidenta, para concluir respecto al programa de trabajo a largo plazo, tomamos debida nota de los temas incluidos en el anexo uno.","start":2670.9,"end":2679.92,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Señora","start":2670.9,"end":2671.3},{"text":"presidenta","start":2671.3,"end":2672},{"text":"para","start":2672.01,"end":2672.26},{"text":"concluir","start":2672.26,"end":2672.9},{"text":"respecto","start":2672.9,"end":2673.46},{"text":"al","start":2673.46,"end":2673.54},{"text":"programa","start":2673.54,"end":2674.06},{"text":"de","start":2674.06,"end":2674.18},{"text":"trabajo","start":2674.2,"end":2674.76},{"text":"a","start":2674.76,"end":2674.82},{"text":"largo","start":2674.82,"end":2675.19},{"text":"plazo","start":2675.19,"end":2675.71},{"text":"tomamos","start":2676.24,"end":2676.73},{"text":"debida","start":2676.73,"end":2677.06},{"text":"nota","start":2677.06,"end":2677.47},{"text":"de","start":2677.47,"end":2677.57},{"text":"los","start":2677.57,"end":2677.73},{"text":"temas","start":2677.73,"end":2678.14},{"text":"incluidos","start":2678.15,"end":2678.7},{"text":"en","start":2678.7,"end":2678.79},{"text":"el","start":2678.8,"end":2678.92},{"text":"anexo","start":2678.92,"end":2679.48},{"text":"uno","start":2679.52,"end":2679.92}]},{"text":"Sin embargo, mi delegación desea reiterar la importancia de que la comisión continúe desarrollando una labor que responda a las necesidades emergentes y a los desafíos que enfrentan los estados miembros en el contexto del derecho internacional.","start":2681.01,"end":2696.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Sin","start":2681.01,"end":2681.23},{"text":"embargo","start":2681.23,"end":2681.66},{"text":"mi","start":2681.66,"end":2681.81},{"text":"delegación","start":2681.81,"end":2682.5},{"text":"desea","start":2682.5,"end":2682.84},{"text":"reiterar","start":2682.84,"end":2683.34},{"text":"la","start":2683.34,"end":2683.44},{"text":"importancia","start":2683.44,"end":2684.18},{"text":"de","start":2684.18,"end":2684.29},{"text":"que","start":2684.29,"end":2684.42},{"text":"la","start":2684.42,"end":2684.56},{"text":"comisión","start":2684.56,"end":2685.19},{"text":"continúe","start":2685.19,"end":2686.19},{"text":"desarrollando","start":2686.29,"end":2687.01},{"text":"una","start":2687.04,"end":2687.18},{"text":"labor","start":2687.18,"end":2687.75},{"text":"que","start":2687.88,"end":2688.05},{"text":"responda","start":2688.09,"end":2688.79},{"text":"a","start":2688.79,"end":2688.83},{"text":"las","start":2688.83,"end":2689.02},{"text":"necesidades","start":2689.02,"end":2689.74},{"text":"emergentes","start":2689.74,"end":2690.69},{"text":"y","start":2690.91,"end":2691.04},{"text":"a","start":2691.04,"end":2691.08},{"text":"los","start":2691.09,"end":2691.2},{"text":"desafíos","start":2691.21,"end":2691.95},{"text":"que","start":2691.95,"end":2692.06},{"text":"enfrentan","start":2692.06,"end":2692.62},{"text":"los","start":2692.63,"end":2692.81},{"text":"estados","start":2692.81,"end":2693.35},{"text":"miembros","start":2693.35,"end":2693.92},{"text":"en","start":2694.13,"end":2694.32},{"text":"el","start":2694.32,"end":2694.44},{"text":"contexto","start":2694.44,"end":2695.08},{"text":"del","start":2695.1,"end":2695.24},{"text":"derecho","start":2695.24,"end":2695.62},{"text":"internacional","start":2695.62,"end":2696.45}]},{"text":"En ese sentido podrían explorarse vías mediante las cuales la comisión contribuye a enriquecer las discusiones multilaterales existentes sobre cuestiones como la aplicabilidad del derecho internacional en el ciberespacio, cuba, cuya relevancia estratégica continúa creciendo Muchas gracias señora presidenta","start":2698.16,"end":2720.5,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"En","start":2698.16,"end":2698.33},{"text":"ese","start":2698.33,"end":2698.59},{"text":"sentido","start":2698.59,"end":2699.29},{"text":"podrían","start":2699.3,"end":2699.82},{"text":"explorarse","start":2699.82,"end":2700.56},{"text":"vías","start":2700.56,"end":2701.11},{"text":"mediante","start":2701.16,"end":2701.7},{"text":"las","start":2701.7,"end":2701.91},{"text":"cuales","start":2701.91,"end":2702.36},{"text":"la","start":2702.37,"end":2702.49},{"text":"comisión","start":2702.49,"end":2703.12},{"text":"contribuye","start":2703.12,"end":2703.92},{"text":"a","start":2703.92,"end":2704.01},{"text":"enriquecer","start":2704.01,"end":2704.77},{"text":"las","start":2704.77,"end":2704.96},{"text":"discusiones","start":2705,"end":2705.74},{"text":"multilaterales","start":2705.98,"end":2707.15},{"text":"existentes","start":2707.15,"end":2708.11},{"text":"sobre","start":2708.38,"end":2708.72},{"text":"cuestiones","start":2708.72,"end":2709.49},{"text":"como","start":2709.6,"end":2710.12},{"text":"la","start":2710.12,"end":2710.24},{"text":"aplicabilidad","start":2710.24,"end":2711.1},{"text":"del","start":2711.1,"end":2711.28},{"text":"derecho","start":2711.28,"end":2711.65},{"text":"internacional","start":2711.65,"end":2712.44},{"text":"en","start":2712.44,"end":2712.57},{"text":"el","start":2712.57,"end":2712.69},{"text":"ciberespacio","start":2712.7,"end":2713.72},{"text":"cuba","start":2714.01,"end":2714.17},{"text":"cuya","start":2714.17,"end":2714.44},{"text":"relevancia","start":2714.47,"end":2715.18},{"text":"estratégica","start":2715.21,"end":2716.02},{"text":"continúa","start":2716.02,"end":2716.03},{"text":"creciendo","start":2717.09,"end":2717.82},{"text":"Muchas","start":2718.83,"end":2719.21},{"text":"gracias","start":2719.21,"end":2719.58},{"text":"señora","start":2719.58,"end":2719.91},{"text":"presidenta","start":2719.92,"end":2720.5}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"SLV","group":null,"function":"Representante","affiliation_full":"El Salvador"}},{"statement_number":11,"start":2726.16,"pageUrl":"/es/ga/c6/81/31?lang=floor&t=45:27","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of El Salvador for his statement and now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Saudi 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convention."}],"words":[{"text":"وفيما","start":2840.79,"end":2841.12},{"text":"يتعلق","start":2841.12,"end":2841.6},{"text":"بحصانة","start":2841.62,"end":2842.14},{"text":"مسؤولية","start":2842.18,"end":2842.64},{"text":"دول","start":2842.64,"end":2842.94},{"text":"من","start":2842.94,"end":2843.12},{"text":"الولاية","start":2843.12,"end":2843.47},{"text":"القضائية","start":2843.47,"end":2843.94},{"text":"الجنائية","start":2843.95,"end":2844.41},{"text":"الأجنبية","start":2844.41,"end":2845.04},{"text":"يحيط","start":2845.48,"end":2845.83},{"text":"وفد","start":2845.83,"end":2846.06},{"text":"المملكة","start":2846.06,"end":2846.53},{"text":"علما","start":2846.53,"end":2846.88},{"text":"باعتماد","start":2847.19,"end":2847.66},{"text":"اللجنة","start":2847.66,"end":2847.93},{"text":"السبعة","start":2847.93,"end":2848.36},{"text":"عشر","start":2848.36,"end":2848.68},{"text":"مشروع","start":2848.68,"end":2849.08},{"text":"مادة","start":2849.1,"end":2849.53},{"text":"وشروحها","start":2849.85,"end":2850.45},{"text":"في","start":2850.45,"end":2850.55},{"text":"القراءة","start":2850.55,"end":2850.88},{"text":"الثانية","start":2850.88,"end":2851.32},{"text":"ومن","start":2851.62,"end":2851.92},{"text":"ذلك","start":2851.92,"end":2852.36},{"text":"فإن","start":2852.62,"end":2852.93},{"text":"وفد","start":2852.93,"end":2853.2},{"text":"المملكة","start":2853.24,"end":2853.71},{"text":"لا","start":2853.71,"end":2853.84},{"text":"يؤيد","start":2853.84,"end":2854.32},{"text":"مخرجات","start":2854.32,"end":2854.82},{"text":"اللجنة","start":2854.84,"end":2855.16},{"text":"في","start":2855.16,"end":2855.29},{"text":"هذا","start":2855.3,"end":2855.53},{"text":"الموضوع","start":2855.58,"end":2855.97},{"text":"بصيغتها","start":2856.28,"end":2856.82},{"text":"الحالية","start":2856.83,"end":2856.97},{"text":"لما","start":2857.9,"end":2858.14},{"text":"تثير","start":2858.14,"end":2858.53},{"text":"من","start":2858.54,"end":2858.68},{"text":"اشكالات","start":2858.68,"end":2859.26},{"text":"قانونية","start":2859.26,"end":2859.86},{"text":"جوهرية","start":2860.3,"end":2860.91},{"text":"تتعلق","start":2860.91,"end":2861.45},{"text":"بمبدأ","start":2861.45,"end":2861.78},{"text":"المساواة","start":2861.78,"end":2862.38},{"text":"في","start":2862.38,"end":2862.5},{"text":"السيادة","start":2862.5,"end":2862.94},{"text":"بين","start":2862.94,"end":2863.19},{"text":"الدول","start":2863.19,"end":2863.55},{"text":"ومدى","start":2864.03,"end":2864.38},{"text":"استناد","start":2864.38,"end":2864.78},{"text":"بعض","start":2864.78,"end":2865.06},{"text":"الأحكام","start":2865.06,"end":2865.42},{"text":"المقترحة","start":2865.42,"end":2866.11},{"text":"الى","start":2866.11,"end":2866.31},{"text":"قواعد","start":2866.31,"end":2866.7},{"text":"مستقرة","start":2866.7,"end":2867.14},{"text":"في","start":2867.14,"end":2867.22},{"text":"القانون","start":2867.25,"end":2867.65},{"text":"الدولي","start":2867.65,"end":2867.98},{"text":"العرفي","start":2867.98,"end":2868.38},{"text":"وترى","start":2868.78,"end":2869.13},{"text":"المملكة","start":2869.13,"end":2869.61},{"text":"ان","start":2869.62,"end":2869.82},{"text":"حصانة","start":2869.82,"end":2870.3},{"text":"مسؤولي","start":2870.31,"end":2870.69},{"text":"الدول","start":2870.72,"end":2871.08},{"text":"ليست","start":2871.38,"end":2871.78},{"text":"مجرد","start":2871.78,"end":2872.25},{"text":"مسألة","start":2872.25,"end":2872.64},{"text":"إجرائية","start":2872.64,"end":2873.24},{"text":"بحتة","start":2873.29,"end":2873.64},{"text":"كما","start":2874.2,"end":2874.5},{"text":"يرى","start":2874.5,"end":2874.72},{"text":"وفد","start":2874.72,"end":2874.96},{"text":"بلادي","start":2874.96,"end":2875.41},{"text":"عدم","start":2875.42,"end":2875.68},{"text":"مناسبة","start":2875.68,"end":2876.26},{"text":"حصر","start":2876.26,"end":2876.57},{"text":"الحصانة","start":2876.57,"end":2877.01},{"text":"الشخصية","start":2877.01,"end":2877.56},{"text":"في","start":2877.88,"end":2878.01},{"text":"مناصب","start":2878.02,"end":2878.51},{"text":"رؤساء","start":2878.51,"end":2878.92},{"text":"الدول","start":2878.93,"end":2879.36},{"text":"ورؤساء","start":2879.4,"end":2879.92},{"text":"الحكومات","start":2879.93,"end":2880.62},{"text":"ووزراء","start":2880.87,"end":2881.37},{"text":"الخارجية","start":2881.37,"end":2881.96},{"text":"فقط","start":2881.96,"end":2882.4},{"text":"ونرى","start":2882.79,"end":2883.15},{"text":"الحصانة","start":2883.15,"end":2883.63},{"text":"الشخصية","start":2883.63,"end":2884.19},{"text":"يجب","start":2884.43,"end":2884.74},{"text":"أن","start":2884.74,"end":2884.85},{"text":"تمتد","start":2884.86,"end":2885.27},{"text":"لأصحاب","start":2885.27,"end":2885.75},{"text":"المناصب","start":2885.75,"end":2886.29},{"text":"الرفيعة","start":2886.29,"end":2886.71},{"text":"في","start":2886.71,"end":2886.81},{"text":"الدول","start":2886.83,"end":2887.15},{"text":"وأن","start":2887.51,"end":2887.83},{"text":"الحصر","start":2887.83,"end":2888.27},{"text":"لا","start":2888.58,"end":2888.75},{"text":"يراعي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المملكة أهمية تعزيز الضمانات الإجرائية بما في ذلك الإشعار المسبق للدول المسؤولة وعدم اعتبار التأخر في التمسك بالحصانة تنازل عنها وضرورة التشاور مع دولة المسؤول قبل اتخاذ تدابير قصرية تمس حرمته.","start":2927.81,"end":2944.11,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"وتؤكد","start":2927.81,"end":2928.36},{"text":"المملكة","start":2928.38,"end":2928.85},{"text":"أهمية","start":2928.86,"end":2929.3},{"text":"تعزيز","start":2929.3,"end":2929.71},{"text":"الضمانات","start":2929.71,"end":2930.24},{"text":"الإجرائية","start":2930.24,"end":2930.86},{"text":"بما","start":2931.08,"end":2931.3},{"text":"في","start":2931.3,"end":2931.43},{"text":"ذلك","start":2931.45,"end":2931.78},{"text":"الإشعار","start":2931.78,"end":2932.23},{"text":"المسبق","start":2932.23,"end":2932.76},{"text":"للدول","start":2932.99,"end":2933.41},{"text":"المسؤولة","start":2933.89,"end":2934.52},{"text":"وعدم","start":2934.95,"end":2935.35},{"text":"اعتبار","start":2935.35,"end":2935.72},{"text":"التأخر","start":2935.73,"end":2936.19},{"text":"في","start":2936.19,"end":2936.27},{"text":"التمسك","start":2936.28,"end":2936.72},{"text":"بالحصانة","start":2936.75,"end":2937.33},{"text":"تنازل","start":2937.59,"end":2938.16},{"text":"عنها","start":2938.16,"end":2938.44},{"text":"وضرورة","start":2938.73,"end":2939.31},{"text":"التشاور","start":2939.31,"end":2939.93},{"text":"مع","start":2939.93,"end":2940.11},{"text":"دولة","start":2940.11,"end":2940.5},{"text":"المسؤول","start":2940.5,"end":2941},{"text":"قبل","start":2941.31,"end":2941.6},{"text":"اتخاذ","start":2941.61,"end":2942.03},{"text":"تدابير","start":2942.11,"end":2942.5},{"text":"قصرية","start":2942.5,"end":2943.02},{"text":"تمس","start":2943.23,"end":2943.62},{"text":"حرمته.","start":2943.62,"end":2944.11}]},{"text":"كما تشدد المملكة على أن اختصاص المحاكم الدولية يجب أن يستند إلى رضى الدول، وتبدي قلقها إزاء إحالة مسائل خلافية جوهرية إلى شروح مشاريع المواد بدلا من حسمها في النصوص ذاتها.","start":2944.67,"end":2957.54,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"كما","start":2944.67,"end":2944.91},{"text":"تشدد","start":2944.91,"end":2945.35},{"text":"المملكة","start":2945.35,"end":2945.85},{"text":"على","start":2945.85,"end":2946.05},{"text":"أن","start":2946.05,"end":2946.22},{"text":"اختصاص","start":2946.22,"end":2946.69},{"text":"المحاكم","start":2946.7,"end":2947.21},{"text":"الدولية","start":2947.23,"end":2947.75},{"text":"يجب","start":2948.05,"end":2948.39},{"text":"أن","start":2948.39,"end":2948.49},{"text":"يستند","start":2948.49,"end":2948.97},{"text":"إلى","start":2948.97,"end":2949.19},{"text":"رضى","start":2949.19,"end":2949.41},{"text":"الدول","start":2949.41,"end":2949.77},{"text":"وتبدي","start":2950.14,"end":2950.61},{"text":"قلقها","start":2950.61,"end":2951.17},{"text":"إزاء","start":2951.19,"end":2951.48},{"text":"إحالة","start":2951.49,"end":2951.99},{"text":"مسائل","start":2951.99,"end":2952.41},{"text":"خلافية","start":2952.41,"end":2952.97},{"text":"جوهرية","start":2952.97,"end":2953.53},{"text":"إلى","start":2953.81,"end":2954.04},{"text":"شروح","start":2954.05,"end":2954.38},{"text":"مشاريع","start":2954.38,"end":2954.88},{"text":"المواد","start":2954.88,"end":2955.36},{"text":"بدلا","start":2955.65,"end":2955.97},{"text":"من","start":2955.97,"end":2956.1},{"text":"حسمها","start":2956.1,"end":2956.57},{"text":"في","start":2956.58,"end":2956.69},{"text":"النصوص","start":2956.7,"end":2957.15},{"text":"ذاتها.","start":2957.15,"end":2957.54}]},{"text":"وعليه لا ترى المملكة أن مشاريع المواد بصيغتها الحالية تشكل اساسا ملائما للمضي نحو ابرام اتفاقية دولية وتؤكد ضرورة مواصلة النظر فيها بترو وحذر، وأن يستند اي قرار بشأنها الى توافق بين الدول.","start":2958.17,"end":2973.69,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. 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topics concern some of the most sensitive issues of contemporary international law.","start":3068.77,"end":3073.08,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Those","start":3068.77,"end":3069},{"text":"topics","start":3069,"end":3069.29},{"text":"concern","start":3069.29,"end":3069.74},{"text":"some","start":3069.74,"end":3070.05},{"text":"of","start":3070.05,"end":3070.15},{"text":"the","start":3070.15,"end":3070.25},{"text":"most","start":3070.26,"end":3070.58},{"text":"sensitive","start":3070.58,"end":3071.07},{"text":"issues","start":3071.07,"end":3071.42},{"text":"of","start":3071.43,"end":3071.53},{"text":"contemporary","start":3071.53,"end":3072.18},{"text":"international","start":3072.19,"end":3072.81},{"text":"law","start":3072.85,"end":3073.08}]},{"text":"With regard to the immunity of state officials from foreign criminal jurisdictions jurisdiction.","start":3074.25,"end":3078,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"With","start":3074.25,"end":3074.42},{"text":"regard","start":3074.43,"end":3074.8},{"text":"to","start":3074.81,"end":3074.95},{"text":"the","start":3074.95,"end":3075.04},{"text":"immunity","start":3075.04,"end":3075.53},{"text":"of","start":3075.53,"end":3075.61},{"text":"state","start":3075.63,"end":3075.63},{"text":"officials","start":3075.91,"end":3076.37},{"text":"from","start":3076.39,"end":3076.59},{"text":"foreign","start":3076.6,"end":3076.87},{"text":"criminal","start":3076.9,"end":3077.27},{"text":"jurisdictions","start":3077.29,"end":3077.67},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3077.67,"end":3078}]},{"text":"The International Law Commission has completed the second reading.","start":3078.13,"end":3081.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3078.13,"end":3078.23},{"text":"International","start":3078.23,"end":3078.79},{"text":"Law","start":3078.79,"end":3078.96},{"text":"Commission","start":3078.96,"end":3079.4},{"text":"has","start":3079.4,"end":3079.62},{"text":"completed","start":3079.62,"end":3080.11},{"text":"the","start":3080.11,"end":3080.17},{"text":"second","start":3080.19,"end":3080.55},{"text":"reading","start":3080.55,"end":3081.03}]},{"text":"Nevertheless, certain issues remain controversial among states.","start":3081.61,"end":3084.92,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Nevertheless","start":3081.61,"end":3082.27},{"text":"certain","start":3082.39,"end":3082.75},{"text":"issues","start":3082.75,"end":3083.07},{"text":"remain","start":3083.07,"end":3083.43},{"text":"controversial","start":3083.43,"end":3084.11},{"text":"among","start":3084.11,"end":3084.38},{"text":"states","start":3084.4,"end":3084.92}]},{"text":"Draft Article seven concerning crimes under international law in respect to which immunity ratione materiae shall not apply, is particularly contentious and appears to reflect reflect progressive development of international law, rather than a codification of existing customary rules.","start":3085.48,"end":3104.58,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Draft","start":3085.48,"end":3085.83},{"text":"Article","start":3085.87,"end":3086.35},{"text":"seven","start":3086.35,"end":3086.82},{"text":"concerning","start":3087.59,"end":3088.09},{"text":"crimes","start":3088.1,"end":3088.55},{"text":"under","start":3088.55,"end":3088.8},{"text":"international","start":3088.8,"end":3089.38},{"text":"law","start":3089.39,"end":3089.61},{"text":"in","start":3089.61,"end":3089.79},{"text":"respect","start":3089.79,"end":3090.53},{"text":"to","start":3090.54,"end":3090.65},{"text":"which","start":3090.66,"end":3090.93},{"text":"immunity","start":3090.93,"end":3091.38},{"text":"ratione","start":3091.38,"end":3091.85},{"text":"materiae","start":3091.85,"end":3092.47},{"text":"shall","start":3092.9,"end":3093.17},{"text":"not","start":3093.21,"end":3093.51},{"text":"apply","start":3093.53,"end":3094.07},{"text":"is","start":3094.63,"end":3094.89},{"text":"particularly","start":3094.92,"end":3095.74},{"text":"contentious","start":3095.74,"end":3096.51},{"text":"and","start":3096.51,"end":3096.64},{"text":"appears","start":3096.64,"end":3097.01},{"text":"to","start":3097.01,"end":3097.1},{"text":"reflect","start":3097.1,"end":3097.54},{"text":"reflect","start":3098.43,"end":3098.43},{"text":"progressive","start":3098.43,"end":3098.95},{"text":"development","start":3098.97,"end":3099.52},{"text":"of","start":3099.52,"end":3099.66},{"text":"international","start":3099.66,"end":3100.25},{"text":"law","start":3100.25,"end":3100.37},{"text":"rather","start":3101.01,"end":3101.39},{"text":"than","start":3101.39,"end":3101.68},{"text":"a","start":3101.81,"end":3101.87},{"text":"codification","start":3101.87,"end":3102.67},{"text":"of","start":3102.68,"end":3102.85},{"text":"existing","start":3102.85,"end":3103.29},{"text":"customary","start":3103.45,"end":3104.04},{"text":"rules","start":3104.07,"end":3104.58}]},{"text":"Given the sensitive nature of this topic topic and the possibility that the proposed draft articles incorporate elements of progressive development, the Republic of Serbia considers that it is that an international conference of plenipotentiaries would provide an appropriate forum for further consideration of the draft articles, and for the thorough reassessment of certain key aspects of immunity of state officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction.","start":3105.95,"end":3134.8,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Given","start":3105.95,"end":3106.21},{"text":"the","start":3106.23,"end":3106.31},{"text":"sensitive","start":3106.31,"end":3106.79},{"text":"nature","start":3106.79,"end":3107.23},{"text":"of","start":3107.23,"end":3107.34},{"text":"this","start":3107.34,"end":3107.53},{"text":"topic","start":3107.53,"end":3108.17},{"text":"topic","start":3108.27,"end":3108.81},{"text":"and","start":3109.11,"end":3109.26},{"text":"the","start":3109.27,"end":3109.34},{"text":"possibility","start":3109.34,"end":3110.04},{"text":"that","start":3110.07,"end":3110.47},{"text":"the","start":3110.71,"end":3110.83},{"text":"proposed","start":3110.83,"end":3111.33},{"text":"draft","start":3111.35,"end":3111.67},{"text":"articles","start":3111.67,"end":3112.19},{"text":"incorporate","start":3112.2,"end":3112.79},{"text":"elements","start":3112.83,"end":3113.28},{"text":"of","start":3113.28,"end":3113.35},{"text":"progressive","start":3113.37,"end":3113.88},{"text":"development","start":3113.88,"end":3114.52},{"text":"the","start":3114.97,"end":3115.07},{"text":"Republic","start":3115.09,"end":3115.52},{"text":"of","start":3115.52,"end":3115.61},{"text":"Serbia","start":3115.61,"end":3116.03},{"text":"considers","start":3116.04,"end":3116.6},{"text":"that","start":3116.6,"end":3116.81},{"text":"it","start":3116.81,"end":3116.96},{"text":"is","start":3116.96,"end":3117.14},{"text":"that","start":3117.65,"end":3117.97},{"text":"an","start":3118.14,"end":3118.34},{"text":"international","start":3118.35,"end":3118.97},{"text":"conference","start":3118.97,"end":3119.64},{"text":"of","start":3119.66,"end":3119.82},{"text":"plenipotentiaries","start":3119.82,"end":3120.86},{"text":"would","start":3121.39,"end":3121.59},{"text":"provide","start":3121.61,"end":3122.1},{"text":"an","start":3122.14,"end":3122.26},{"text":"appropriate","start":3122.27,"end":3122.87},{"text":"forum","start":3122.88,"end":3123.35},{"text":"for","start":3123.36,"end":3123.59},{"text":"further","start":3123.62,"end":3123.95},{"text":"consideration","start":3123.95,"end":3124.77},{"text":"of","start":3124.77,"end":3124.86},{"text":"the","start":3124.86,"end":3124.98},{"text":"draft","start":3124.98,"end":3125.31},{"text":"articles","start":3125.32,"end":3125.87},{"text":"and","start":3126.25,"end":3126.51},{"text":"for","start":3126.51,"end":3126.69},{"text":"the","start":3126.7,"end":3126.95},{"text":"thorough","start":3127.76,"end":3128.16},{"text":"reassessment","start":3128.19,"end":3129.58},{"text":"of","start":3129.96,"end":3130.05},{"text":"certain","start":3130.05,"end":3130.52},{"text":"key","start":3130.54,"end":3130.84},{"text":"aspects","start":3130.86,"end":3131.53},{"text":"of","start":3131.54,"end":3131.71},{"text":"immunity","start":3131.72,"end":3132.28},{"text":"of","start":3132.28,"end":3132.38},{"text":"state","start":3132.4,"end":3132.4},{"text":"officials","start":3132.69,"end":3133.13},{"text":"from","start":3133.14,"end":3133.33},{"text":"foreign","start":3133.36,"end":3133.64},{"text":"criminal","start":3133.65,"end":3134.08},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3134.08,"end":3134.8}]},{"text":"Such a convention could also address the question of immunity before international courts and tribunals, by ensuring that any general rules adopted in this regard would be without prejudice to the specific legal regime established by the, for example, Rome Statute concerning the bilateral concerning relations between its state parties.","start":3135.87,"end":3156.78,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. 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They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3214.99,"end":3215.11},{"text":"second","start":3215.12,"end":3215.48},{"text":"category","start":3215.48,"end":3216},{"text":"comprising","start":3216.01,"end":3216.61},{"text":"principles","start":3216.62,"end":3217.21},{"text":"that","start":3217.23,"end":3217.41},{"text":"may","start":3217.45,"end":3217.62},{"text":"be","start":3217.62,"end":3217.75},{"text":"formed","start":3217.75,"end":3218.09},{"text":"within","start":3218.13,"end":3218.47},{"text":"the","start":3218.49,"end":3218.65},{"text":"international","start":3218.89,"end":3219.65},{"text":"legal","start":3219.65,"end":3219.94},{"text":"system","start":3219.96,"end":3220.45},{"text":"remain","start":3220.77,"end":3221.21},{"text":"contested","start":3221.21,"end":3221.9}]},{"text":"While while some states accept the existence of this second category, the other continue to express serious reservations.","start":3222.83,"end":3232.29,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":3222.83,"end":3223.11},{"text":"while","start":3223.37,"end":3223.64},{"text":"some","start":3223.64,"end":3223.95},{"text":"states","start":3223.95,"end":3224.43},{"text":"accept","start":3224.45,"end":3225.03},{"text":"the","start":3225.35,"end":3225.51},{"text":"existence","start":3225.51,"end":3226.07},{"text":"of","start":3226.07,"end":3226.19},{"text":"this","start":3226.19,"end":3226.43},{"text":"second","start":3226.43,"end":3226.83},{"text":"category","start":3226.83,"end":3227.44},{"text":"the","start":3227.95,"end":3228.11},{"text":"other","start":3228.12,"end":3228.38},{"text":"continue","start":3229.4,"end":3229.96},{"text":"to","start":3229.96,"end":3230.09},{"text":"express","start":3230.09,"end":3230.58},{"text":"serious","start":3230.64,"end":3231.22},{"text":"reservations","start":3231.32,"end":3232.29}]},{"text":"As I emphasized during the previous session, it is important to distinguish between general principles of law as a former source of international law and the principles of international law that derive from treaties customer international law, or general principles of law recognized as a source under article 38 of the statute of the international court of justice.","start":3233.21,"end":3255.14,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":3233.21,"end":3233.42},{"text":"I","start":3233.43,"end":3233.55},{"text":"emphasized","start":3233.56,"end":3234.21},{"text":"during","start":3234.21,"end":3234.64},{"text":"the","start":3234.64,"end":3234.74},{"text":"previous","start":3234.74,"end":3235.13},{"text":"session","start":3235.13,"end":3235.61},{"text":"it","start":3236.01,"end":3236.23},{"text":"is","start":3236.23,"end":3236.37},{"text":"important","start":3236.37,"end":3236.93},{"text":"to","start":3236.97,"end":3237.1},{"text":"distinguish","start":3237.11,"end":3237.76},{"text":"between","start":3237.76,"end":3238.2},{"text":"general","start":3238.21,"end":3238.61},{"text":"principles","start":3238.61,"end":3239.21},{"text":"of","start":3239.21,"end":3239.36},{"text":"law","start":3239.36,"end":3239.58},{"text":"as","start":3239.99,"end":3240.16},{"text":"a","start":3240.16,"end":3240.19},{"text":"former","start":3240.21,"end":3240.61},{"text":"source","start":3240.62,"end":3241},{"text":"of","start":3241,"end":3241.13},{"text":"international","start":3241.16,"end":3241.73},{"text":"law","start":3241.73,"end":3242.05},{"text":"and","start":3242.42,"end":3242.62},{"text":"the","start":3242.62,"end":3242.71},{"text":"principles","start":3242.72,"end":3243.34},{"text":"of","start":3243.41,"end":3243.65},{"text":"international","start":3243.67,"end":3244.36},{"text":"law","start":3244.37,"end":3244.62},{"text":"that","start":3244.63,"end":3244.85},{"text":"derive","start":3244.94,"end":3245.49},{"text":"from","start":3245.49,"end":3245.81},{"text":"treaties","start":3245.89,"end":3246.42},{"text":"customer","start":3246.56,"end":3247.15},{"text":"international","start":3247.18,"end":3247.8},{"text":"law","start":3247.8,"end":3248.03},{"text":"or","start":3248.27,"end":3248.6},{"text":"general","start":3248.6,"end":3248.99},{"text":"principles","start":3249,"end":3249.62},{"text":"of","start":3249.62,"end":3249.76},{"text":"law","start":3249.76,"end":3249.95},{"text":"recognized","start":3249.95,"end":3250.58},{"text":"as","start":3250.59,"end":3250.73},{"text":"a","start":3250.74,"end":3250.78},{"text":"source","start":3250.79,"end":3251.23},{"text":"under","start":3251.23,"end":3251.47},{"text":"article","start":3251.47,"end":3251.99},{"text":"38","start":3252.25,"end":3252.96},{"text":"of","start":3252.96,"end":3253.06},{"text":"the","start":3253.07,"end":3253.16},{"text":"statute","start":3253.16,"end":3253.6},{"text":"of","start":3253.6,"end":3253.7},{"text":"the","start":3253.7,"end":3253.79},{"text":"international","start":3253.79,"end":3254.28},{"text":"court","start":3254.28,"end":3254.53},{"text":"of","start":3254.53,"end":3254.61},{"text":"justice","start":3254.62,"end":3255.14}]},{"text":"Such principles may be understood as principles inherent in law as a social phenomenon existing in both national and international legal system.","start":3255.91,"end":3266.53,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":3255.91,"end":3256.19},{"text":"principles","start":3256.19,"end":3256.97},{"text":"may","start":3257.44,"end":3257.73},{"text":"be","start":3257.73,"end":3257.91},{"text":"understood","start":3257.91,"end":3258.63},{"text":"as","start":3258.92,"end":3259.09},{"text":"principles","start":3259.1,"end":3259.4},{"text":"inherent","start":3259.78,"end":3260.52},{"text":"in","start":3260.58,"end":3260.78},{"text":"law","start":3260.78,"end":3261.1},{"text":"as","start":3261.16,"end":3261.35},{"text":"a","start":3261.36,"end":3261.38},{"text":"social","start":3261.39,"end":3261.91},{"text":"phenomenon","start":3261.91,"end":3262.61},{"text":"existing","start":3263.06,"end":3263.66},{"text":"in","start":3263.7,"end":3263.86},{"text":"both","start":3263.86,"end":3264.22},{"text":"national","start":3264.24,"end":3264.82},{"text":"and","start":3264.86,"end":3264.86},{"text":"international","start":3264.86,"end":3265.77},{"text":"legal","start":3265.78,"end":3266.03},{"text":"system","start":3266.05,"end":3266.53}]},{"text":"In this sense, they form an integral integral part of law and tend to reflect its more enduring and conservative features.","start":3266.98,"end":3275.95,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3266.98,"end":3267.13},{"text":"this","start":3267.14,"end":3267.34},{"text":"sense","start":3267.38,"end":3267.87},{"text":"they","start":3268.13,"end":3268.34},{"text":"form","start":3268.34,"end":3268.75},{"text":"an","start":3268.82,"end":3269.01},{"text":"integral","start":3269.01,"end":3269.5},{"text":"integral","start":3269.62,"end":3270.09},{"text":"part","start":3270.09,"end":3270.51},{"text":"of","start":3270.55,"end":3270.77},{"text":"law","start":3270.77,"end":3271.03},{"text":"and","start":3271.35,"end":3271.5},{"text":"tend","start":3271.5,"end":3271.76},{"text":"to","start":3271.78,"end":3271.9},{"text":"reflect","start":3271.92,"end":3272.39},{"text":"its","start":3272.64,"end":3272.86},{"text":"more","start":3272.88,"end":3273.24},{"text":"enduring","start":3273.36,"end":3274.03},{"text":"and","start":3274.05,"end":3274.34},{"text":"conservative","start":3274.35,"end":3275.09},{"text":"features","start":3275.25,"end":3275.95}]},{"text":"What is described as the second category in the Commission's work should not in our view be treated as an independent source of international law.","start":3277.36,"end":3286.03,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"What","start":3277.36,"end":3277.59},{"text":"is","start":3277.59,"end":3277.68},{"text":"described","start":3277.68,"end":3278.36},{"text":"as","start":3278.42,"end":3278.53},{"text":"the","start":3278.55,"end":3278.63},{"text":"second","start":3278.63,"end":3279.01},{"text":"category","start":3279.01,"end":3279.56},{"text":"in","start":3279.62,"end":3279.73},{"text":"the","start":3279.73,"end":3279.82},{"text":"Commission's","start":3279.82,"end":3280.36},{"text":"work","start":3280.36,"end":3280.76},{"text":"should","start":3281.11,"end":3281.38},{"text":"not","start":3281.38,"end":3281.66},{"text":"in","start":3281.66,"end":3281.8},{"text":"our","start":3281.8,"end":3282.26},{"text":"view","start":3282.36,"end":3282.65},{"text":"be","start":3282.65,"end":3282.83},{"text":"treated","start":3282.83,"end":3283.33},{"text":"as","start":3283.36,"end":3283.55},{"text":"an","start":3283.55,"end":3283.64},{"text":"independent","start":3283.68,"end":3284.4},{"text":"source","start":3284.4,"end":3284.82},{"text":"of","start":3284.88,"end":3285.13},{"text":"international","start":3285.17,"end":3285.82},{"text":"law","start":3285.82,"end":3286.03}]},{"text":"Such principles may constitute principles of international law, but that does not necessarily mean that they can be qualified as a separate source soil formal source within the meaning of Article 38.","start":3286.69,"end":3302.15,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":3286.69,"end":3286.94},{"text":"principles","start":3286.96,"end":3287.6},{"text":"may","start":3287.6,"end":3287.78},{"text":"constitute","start":3287.79,"end":3288.3},{"text":"principles","start":3288.34,"end":3288.98},{"text":"of","start":3289.02,"end":3289.26},{"text":"international","start":3289.3,"end":3290.08},{"text":"law","start":3290.08,"end":3290.31},{"text":"but","start":3291.1,"end":3291.54},{"text":"that","start":3291.95,"end":3292.29},{"text":"does","start":3292.3,"end":3292.65},{"text":"not","start":3292.65,"end":3292.87},{"text":"necessarily","start":3292.88,"end":3293.49},{"text":"mean","start":3293.49,"end":3293.77},{"text":"that","start":3294.07,"end":3294.26},{"text":"they","start":3294.74,"end":3295.11},{"text":"can","start":3296.22,"end":3296.47},{"text":"be","start":3296.47,"end":3296.6},{"text":"qualified","start":3296.6,"end":3297.31},{"text":"as","start":3297.38,"end":3297.57},{"text":"a","start":3297.57,"end":3297.61},{"text":"separate","start":3297.61,"end":3298.14},{"text":"source","start":3298.14,"end":3298.35},{"text":"soil","start":3298.35,"end":3298.52},{"text":"formal","start":3298.56,"end":3298.96},{"text":"source","start":3298.96,"end":3299.37},{"text":"within","start":3299.62,"end":3299.97},{"text":"the","start":3299.97,"end":3300.05},{"text":"meaning","start":3300.05,"end":3300.46},{"text":"of","start":3300.46,"end":3300.7},{"text":"Article","start":3300.72,"end":3301.21},{"text":"38","start":3301.76,"end":3302.15}]},{"text":"Rather, they may derive their legal force from other sources of international law.","start":3302.8,"end":3308.76,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Rather","start":3302.8,"end":3303.31},{"text":"they","start":3303.68,"end":3303.92},{"text":"may","start":3303.92,"end":3304.22},{"text":"derive","start":3305.08,"end":3305.62},{"text":"their","start":3305.68,"end":3305.84},{"text":"legal","start":3305.84,"end":3306.26},{"text":"force","start":3306.26,"end":3306.69},{"text":"from","start":3306.71,"end":3306.96},{"text":"other","start":3307.04,"end":3307.28},{"text":"sources","start":3307.28,"end":3307.81},{"text":"of","start":3307.81,"end":3307.94},{"text":"international","start":3307.94,"end":3308.56},{"text":"law","start":3308.56,"end":3308.76}]},{"text":"Time constraints do not permit me to examine comprehensively all the examples discussed in the commentaries to the relevant draft conclusions.","start":3309.66,"end":3318.22,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Time","start":3309.66,"end":3309.92},{"text":"constraints","start":3309.93,"end":3310.74},{"text":"do","start":3310.76,"end":3310.95},{"text":"not","start":3310.96,"end":3311.16},{"text":"permit","start":3311.18,"end":3311.64},{"text":"me","start":3311.65,"end":3311.82},{"text":"to","start":3311.82,"end":3311.97},{"text":"examine","start":3311.97,"end":3312.41},{"text":"comprehensively","start":3312.42,"end":3313.54},{"text":"all","start":3313.58,"end":3313.8},{"text":"the","start":3313.83,"end":3313.98},{"text":"examples","start":3314.19,"end":3314.91},{"text":"discussed","start":3314.94,"end":3315.47},{"text":"in","start":3315.47,"end":3315.55},{"text":"the","start":3315.56,"end":3315.64},{"text":"commentaries","start":3315.66,"end":3316.39},{"text":"to","start":3316.39,"end":3316.51},{"text":"the","start":3316.51,"end":3316.58},{"text":"relevant","start":3316.62,"end":3317.17},{"text":"draft","start":3317.19,"end":3317.49},{"text":"conclusions","start":3317.51,"end":3318.22}]},{"text":"Nevertheless, I would like to emphasise the principle described as intrinsic to the international legal system.","start":3318.6,"end":3324.33,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. 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know we are very pressed for time and eh we've dispensed with the full statement I also have dispensed with some of the diplomatic 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what I think I will do is to acknowledge particularly the hard work of the chair of the commission, special rapporteurs, and the members of the commission and indeed our substantive comment will be included in our long 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madam chair, Sierra Leone aligns itself with a statement delivered by Cameroon on behalf of the African 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members of the International Law Commission and legal advisors from capital to New 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congratulate Ambassador Andreas Mavouyiannis.","start":3515.23,"end":3518.08,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3515.23,"end":3515.36},{"text":"congratulate","start":3515.37,"end":3515.91},{"text":"Ambassador","start":3515.95,"end":3516.39},{"text":"Andreas","start":3516.39,"end":3516.99},{"text":"Mavouyiannis","start":3517.31,"end":3518.08}]},{"text":"It's good to see you in New York, Ambassador.","start":3518.43,"end":3519.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":3518.43,"end":3518.57},{"text":"good","start":3518.58,"end":3518.71},{"text":"to","start":3518.71,"end":3518.82},{"text":"see","start":3518.82,"end":3518.99},{"text":"you","start":3518.99,"end":3519.04},{"text":"in","start":3519.09,"end":3519.18},{"text":"New","start":3519.2,"end":3519.27},{"text":"York","start":3519.27,"end":3519.46},{"text":"Ambassador","start":3519.46,"end":3519.97}]},{"text":"On your leadership of the 77 session of the Commission, we thank the bureau, the special rapporteurs, and the 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session.","start":3520.65,"end":3532.56,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"On","start":3520.65,"end":3520.86},{"text":"your","start":3520.87,"end":3520.99},{"text":"leadership","start":3520.99,"end":3521.48},{"text":"of","start":3521.48,"end":3521.58},{"text":"the","start":3521.58,"end":3521.68},{"text":"77","start":3521.94,"end":3522.27},{"text":"session","start":3522.27,"end":3522.77},{"text":"of","start":3522.79,"end":3522.96},{"text":"the","start":3522.97,"end":3523.03},{"text":"Commission","start":3523.03,"end":3523.57},{"text":"we","start":3524.24,"end":3524.5},{"text":"thank","start":3524.5,"end":3524.8},{"text":"the","start":3524.81,"end":3524.9},{"text":"bureau","start":3524.9,"end":3525.37},{"text":"the","start":3525.57,"end":3525.68},{"text":"special","start":3525.7,"end":3526.01},{"text":"rapporteurs","start":3526.02,"end":3526.71},{"text":"and","start":3527.31,"end":3527.43},{"text":"the","start":3527.43,"end":3527.51},{"text":"codification","start":3527.52,"end":3528.02},{"text":"division","start":3528.76,"end":3529.25},{"text":"for","start":3529.25,"end":3529.69},{"text":"a","start":3529.96,"end":3529.99},{"text":"demanding","start":3529.99,"end":3530.53},{"text":"yet","start":3530.53,"end":3530.85},{"text":"very","start":3530.97,"end":3531.24},{"text":"productive","start":3531.25,"end":3531.93},{"text":"session","start":3532.11,"end":3532.56}]},{"text":"CLR reiterates its call for the restoration of the commission's full session.","start":3533.62,"end":3537.04,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"CLR","start":3533.62,"end":3533.91},{"text":"reiterates","start":3533.91,"end":3534.31},{"text":"its","start":3534.31,"end":3534.45},{"text":"call","start":3534.45,"end":3534.73},{"text":"for","start":3534.73,"end":3534.85},{"text":"the","start":3534.87,"end":3534.95},{"text":"restoration","start":3534.95,"end":3535.62},{"text":"of","start":3535.63,"end":3535.76},{"text":"the","start":3535.77,"end":3535.84},{"text":"commission's","start":3535.84,"end":3536.4},{"text":"full","start":3536.4,"end":3536.63},{"text":"session","start":3536.63,"end":3537.04}]},{"text":"The commission completed two second readings this year.","start":3537.98,"end":3540.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3537.98,"end":3538.07},{"text":"commission","start":3538.08,"end":3538.46},{"text":"completed","start":3538.47,"end":3538.97},{"text":"two","start":3538.98,"end":3539.39},{"text":"second","start":3539.56,"end":3539.89},{"text":"readings","start":3539.89,"end":3540.32},{"text":"this","start":3540.35,"end":3540.54},{"text":"year","start":3540.54,"end":3540.77}]},{"text":"And that achievement should not mask the cost of compressed calendars for careful consideration.","start":3541.51,"end":3548.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3541.51,"end":3541.62},{"text":"that","start":3541.62,"end":3541.79},{"text":"achievement","start":3541.8,"end":3542.51},{"text":"should","start":3542.55,"end":3542.75},{"text":"not","start":3542.79,"end":3543},{"text":"mask","start":3543.03,"end":3543.47},{"text":"the","start":3543.51,"end":3543.59},{"text":"cost","start":3543.59,"end":3544.07},{"text":"of","start":3544.65,"end":3544.83},{"text":"compressed","start":3544.84,"end":3545.41},{"text":"calendars","start":3545.42,"end":3546.05},{"text":"for","start":3547.06,"end":3547.27},{"text":"careful","start":3547.29,"end":3547.29},{"text":"consideration","start":3548.09,"end":3548.87}]},{"text":"We welcome the election to the commission of Doctor Orufemi Elias from Nigeria, an international jurist of high appeal repute and 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Leone also takes particular pride in the work of its national, professor Doctor Charles Cherno Jalo, a special rapporteur on subsidy means for the determination of rules of international 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steered the adoption this year on first reading of 13 draft conclusion with commentaries.","start":3572.79,"end":3577.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"He","start":3572.79,"end":3572.89},{"text":"steered","start":3572.9,"end":3573.22},{"text":"the","start":3573.22,"end":3573.32},{"text":"adoption","start":3573.32,"end":3573.78},{"text":"this","start":3573.79,"end":3574.03},{"text":"year","start":3574.03,"end":3574.27},{"text":"on","start":3574.75,"end":3574.86},{"text":"first","start":3574.87,"end":3575.2},{"text":"reading","start":3575.21,"end":3575.51},{"text":"of","start":3575.51,"end":3575.64},{"text":"13","start":3575.65,"end":3576.13},{"text":"draft","start":3576.13,"end":3576.52},{"text":"conclusion","start":3576.52,"end":3577.12},{"text":"with","start":3577.12,"end":3577.26},{"text":"commentaries","start":3577.27,"end":3577.87}]},{"text":"Professor Jalo also chaired the working group on matters of work and 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handbook.","start":3588.32,"end":3594.44,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Skelon","start":3588.32,"end":3588.72},{"text":"welcomes","start":3588.93,"end":3589.45},{"text":"the","start":3589.45,"end":3589.56},{"text":"excellent","start":3589.6,"end":3589.97},{"text":"progress","start":3589.97,"end":3590.41},{"text":"made","start":3590.41,"end":3590.68},{"text":"by","start":3590.68,"end":3590.87},{"text":"the","start":3590.88,"end":3590.95},{"text":"working","start":3590.96,"end":3591.28},{"text":"group","start":3591.28,"end":3591.61},{"text":"on","start":3591.64,"end":3591.79},{"text":"methods","start":3591.8,"end":3592.16},{"text":"of","start":3592.16,"end":3592.28},{"text":"work","start":3592.28,"end":3592.57},{"text":"in","start":3593.32,"end":3593.45},{"text":"preparing","start":3593.46,"end":3593.93},{"text":"the","start":3593.94,"end":3594.01},{"text":"handbook","start":3594.01,"end":3594.44}]},{"text":"In view of the conclusion of the current members mandate next year, Sierra Leone encourages the commission to allocate sufficient time for the working group to complete it work.","start":3595.64,"end":3606.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3595.64,"end":3595.8},{"text":"view","start":3595.81,"end":3596.18},{"text":"of","start":3596.18,"end":3596.26},{"text":"the","start":3596.26,"end":3596.33},{"text":"conclusion","start":3596.33,"end":3596.89},{"text":"of","start":3596.9,"end":3597},{"text":"the","start":3597,"end":3597.07},{"text":"current","start":3597.07,"end":3597.48},{"text":"members","start":3597.89,"end":3598.5},{"text":"mandate","start":3598.54,"end":3599.14},{"text":"next","start":3599.29,"end":3599.55},{"text":"year","start":3599.55,"end":3599.8},{"text":"Sierra","start":3600.55,"end":3600.75},{"text":"Leone","start":3600.75,"end":3600.9},{"text":"encourages","start":3600.9,"end":3601.38},{"text":"the","start":3601.41,"end":3601.45},{"text":"commission","start":3601.46,"end":3602},{"text":"to","start":3602,"end":3602.19},{"text":"allocate","start":3602.34,"end":3602.78},{"text":"sufficient","start":3602.86,"end":3603.22},{"text":"time","start":3603.22,"end":3603.65},{"text":"for","start":3603.71,"end":3603.98},{"text":"the","start":3603.98,"end":3604.06},{"text":"working","start":3604.06,"end":3604.35},{"text":"group","start":3604.35,"end":3604.69},{"text":"to","start":3605.22,"end":3605.34},{"text":"complete","start":3605.34,"end":3605.81},{"text":"it","start":3605.86,"end":3605.98},{"text":"work","start":3605.98,"end":3606.33}]},{"text":"Thereby ensuring that the incoming members in 20 2028 and indeed the delegations in the sixth committee can benefit from this valuable institutional resource.","start":3607.19,"end":3616.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thereby","start":3607.19,"end":3607.47},{"text":"ensuring","start":3607.47,"end":3608.13},{"text":"that","start":3608.14,"end":3608.3},{"text":"the","start":3608.3,"end":3608.4},{"text":"incoming","start":3608.42,"end":3608.83},{"text":"members","start":3608.83,"end":3609.35},{"text":"in","start":3609.35,"end":3609.47},{"text":"20","start":3609.48,"end":3609.91},{"text":"2028","start":3609.95,"end":3610.7},{"text":"and","start":3610.72,"end":3610.87},{"text":"indeed","start":3610.88,"end":3611.28},{"text":"the","start":3611.32,"end":3611.41},{"text":"delegations","start":3611.42,"end":3612.03},{"text":"in","start":3612.03,"end":3612.12},{"text":"the","start":3612.12,"end":3612.17},{"text":"sixth","start":3612.18,"end":3612.44},{"text":"committee","start":3612.44,"end":3612.96},{"text":"can","start":3613.6,"end":3613.84},{"text":"benefit","start":3613.86,"end":3614.54},{"text":"from","start":3614.64,"end":3614.85},{"text":"this","start":3614.87,"end":3615.07},{"text":"valuable","start":3615.08,"end":3615.6},{"text":"institutional","start":3615.62,"end":3616.21},{"text":"resource","start":3616.24,"end":3616.75}]},{"text":"Today in acknowledging his stellar contribution to the work of the commission, we are pleased to further state that professor Jalo is Sierra Leone's candidate for the position of judge of the international court of justice.","start":3618.2,"end":3629.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Today","start":3618.2,"end":3618.57},{"text":"in","start":3618.6,"end":3618.77},{"text":"acknowledging","start":3618.77,"end":3619.36},{"text":"his","start":3619.38,"end":3619.5},{"text":"stellar","start":3619.5,"end":3619.72},{"text":"contribution","start":3619.72,"end":3620.36},{"text":"to","start":3620.37,"end":3620.47},{"text":"the","start":3620.48,"end":3620.56},{"text":"work","start":3620.56,"end":3620.77},{"text":"of","start":3620.77,"end":3620.87},{"text":"the","start":3620.88,"end":3620.94},{"text":"commission","start":3620.94,"end":3621.48},{"text":"we","start":3622.22,"end":3622.39},{"text":"are","start":3622.39,"end":3622.45},{"text":"pleased","start":3622.46,"end":3622.89},{"text":"to","start":3622.89,"end":3622.97},{"text":"further","start":3622.99,"end":3623.22},{"text":"state","start":3623.22,"end":3623.51},{"text":"that","start":3623.52,"end":3623.64},{"text":"professor","start":3623.66,"end":3624.04},{"text":"Jalo","start":3624.04,"end":3624.54},{"text":"is","start":3624.55,"end":3624.66},{"text":"Sierra","start":3624.67,"end":3624.87},{"text":"Leone's","start":3624.89,"end":3625.12},{"text":"candidate","start":3625.12,"end":3625.7},{"text":"for","start":3626.15,"end":3626.28},{"text":"the","start":3626.29,"end":3626.36},{"text":"position","start":3626.36,"end":3626.77},{"text":"of","start":3626.77,"end":3626.89},{"text":"judge","start":3626.9,"end":3627.34},{"text":"of","start":3627.34,"end":3627.46},{"text":"the","start":3627.46,"end":3627.56},{"text":"international","start":3627.57,"end":3628.18},{"text":"court","start":3628.18,"end":3628.42},{"text":"of","start":3628.42,"end":3628.53},{"text":"justice","start":3628.54,"end":3629.11}]},{"text":"Endorsed by the economic community of West African state, the African union, and the organization of Islamic cooperation.","start":3629.85,"end":3636.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Endorsed","start":3629.85,"end":3630.37},{"text":"by","start":3630.38,"end":3630.53},{"text":"the","start":3630.53,"end":3630.62},{"text":"economic","start":3630.62,"end":3630.97},{"text":"community","start":3630.98,"end":3631.37},{"text":"of","start":3631.37,"end":3631.46},{"text":"West","start":3631.47,"end":3631.5},{"text":"African","start":3631.5,"end":3632.04},{"text":"state","start":3632.04,"end":3632.46},{"text":"the","start":3633.06,"end":3633.3},{"text":"African","start":3633.34,"end":3633.82},{"text":"union","start":3633.86,"end":3634.4},{"text":"and","start":3634.73,"end":3634.86},{"text":"the","start":3634.86,"end":3634.94},{"text":"organization","start":3634.94,"end":3635.54},{"text":"of","start":3635.54,"end":3635.66},{"text":"Islamic","start":3635.66,"end":3635.87},{"text":"cooperation","start":3636.02,"end":3636.61}]},{"text":"We are also grateful to the 12 other national groups and their government for co-nomination of Professor Jalo.","start":3637.81,"end":3643.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3637.81,"end":3637.89},{"text":"are","start":3637.89,"end":3637.95},{"text":"also","start":3637.95,"end":3638.23},{"text":"grateful","start":3638.23,"end":3638.68},{"text":"to","start":3638.69,"end":3638.8},{"text":"the","start":3638.8,"end":3638.89},{"text":"12","start":3638.89,"end":3639.34},{"text":"other","start":3639.37,"end":3639.59},{"text":"national","start":3639.61,"end":3639.96},{"text":"groups","start":3639.96,"end":3640.47},{"text":"and","start":3640.52,"end":3640.62},{"text":"their","start":3640.62,"end":3640.73},{"text":"government","start":3640.73,"end":3641.33},{"text":"for","start":3641.37,"end":3641.58},{"text":"co-nomination","start":3641.6,"end":3642.4},{"text":"of","start":3642.43,"end":3642.43},{"text":"Professor","start":3642.43,"end":3642.81},{"text":"Jalo","start":3642.81,"end":3643.21}]},{"text":"His record of service to the commission is we believe the best testimony to the contribution he would make to the court.","start":3644.08,"end":3651.38,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"His","start":3644.08,"end":3644.23},{"text":"record","start":3644.23,"end":3644.49},{"text":"of","start":3644.49,"end":3644.57},{"text":"service","start":3644.57,"end":3645.05},{"text":"to","start":3645.05,"end":3645.17},{"text":"the","start":3645.17,"end":3645.23},{"text":"commission","start":3645.24,"end":3645.77},{"text":"is","start":3645.85,"end":3646.11},{"text":"we","start":3646.12,"end":3646.21},{"text":"believe","start":3646.22,"end":3646.76},{"text":"the","start":3647.16,"end":3647.28},{"text":"best","start":3647.29,"end":3647.59},{"text":"testimony","start":3647.6,"end":3648.31},{"text":"to","start":3648.83,"end":3649},{"text":"the","start":3649,"end":3649.08},{"text":"contribution","start":3649.08,"end":3649.92},{"text":"he","start":3650.11,"end":3650.2},{"text":"would","start":3650.2,"end":3650.31},{"text":"make","start":3650.31,"end":3650.64},{"text":"to","start":3650.82,"end":3650.95},{"text":"the","start":3650.95,"end":3651.03},{"text":"court","start":3651.03,"end":3651.38}]},{"text":"On the topics for consideration in cluster one, allow me first to address sea level rise in relation to international law.","start":3652.9,"end":3658.81,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":3652.9,"end":3653},{"text":"the","start":3653,"end":3653.06},{"text":"topics","start":3653.07,"end":3653.44},{"text":"for","start":3653.44,"end":3653.52},{"text":"consideration","start":3653.52,"end":3654.14},{"text":"in","start":3654.14,"end":3654.22},{"text":"cluster","start":3654.22,"end":3654.51},{"text":"one","start":3654.51,"end":3654.83},{"text":"allow","start":3655.64,"end":3655.87},{"text":"me","start":3655.87,"end":3656},{"text":"first","start":3656.01,"end":3656.23},{"text":"to","start":3656.23,"end":3656.36},{"text":"address","start":3656.36,"end":3656.61},{"text":"sea","start":3656.63,"end":3656.79},{"text":"level","start":3656.79,"end":3657.07},{"text":"rise","start":3657.07,"end":3657.38},{"text":"in","start":3657.39,"end":3657.5},{"text":"relation","start":3657.5,"end":3657.81},{"text":"to","start":3657.81,"end":3658.04},{"text":"international","start":3658.04,"end":3658.55},{"text":"law","start":3658.55,"end":3658.81}]},{"text":"As a coastal state in West Africa, Serena has low lying communities, islands, and a coastal and a coastline under growing pressure from rising seas.","start":3659.72,"end":3670.3,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":3659.72,"end":3659.96},{"text":"a","start":3659.96,"end":3659.99},{"text":"coastal","start":3660,"end":3660.44},{"text":"state","start":3660.44,"end":3660.78},{"text":"in","start":3660.79,"end":3660.87},{"text":"West","start":3660.87,"end":3661.09},{"text":"Africa","start":3661.09,"end":3661.55},{"text":"Serena","start":3662.33,"end":3662.67},{"text":"has","start":3662.67,"end":3662.89},{"text":"low","start":3662.89,"end":3663.22},{"text":"lying","start":3663.23,"end":3663.55},{"text":"communities","start":3663.56,"end":3664.39},{"text":"islands","start":3664.57,"end":3665.21},{"text":"and","start":3665.23,"end":3665.35},{"text":"a","start":3665.35,"end":3665.41},{"text":"coastal","start":3665.41,"end":3666.05},{"text":"and","start":3666.33,"end":3666.47},{"text":"a","start":3666.47,"end":3666.54},{"text":"coastline","start":3666.54,"end":3667.11},{"text":"under","start":3667.76,"end":3668.06},{"text":"growing","start":3668.06,"end":3668.41},{"text":"pressure","start":3668.41,"end":3668.92},{"text":"from","start":3669.21,"end":3669.49},{"text":"rising","start":3669.5,"end":3669.88},{"text":"seas","start":3669.88,"end":3670.3}]},{"text":"We therefore welcome the final report of the study group and some support its central legal findings.","start":3671.33,"end":3677.01,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3671.33,"end":3671.41},{"text":"therefore","start":3671.42,"end":3671.73},{"text":"welcome","start":3671.73,"end":3672.26},{"text":"the","start":3672.29,"end":3672.38},{"text":"final","start":3672.38,"end":3672.7},{"text":"report","start":3672.71,"end":3673.12},{"text":"of","start":3673.12,"end":3673.19},{"text":"the","start":3673.2,"end":3673.27},{"text":"study","start":3673.27,"end":3673.52},{"text":"group","start":3673.53,"end":3673.92},{"text":"and","start":3674.55,"end":3674.69},{"text":"some","start":3674.69,"end":3674.83},{"text":"support","start":3674.83,"end":3675.27},{"text":"its","start":3675.44,"end":3675.59},{"text":"central","start":3675.59,"end":3676.07},{"text":"legal","start":3676.07,"end":3676.36},{"text":"findings","start":3676.37,"end":3677.01}]},{"text":"We congratulate and commend the co-chairs and members of the study group and indeed represented by Professor Nolifar Oral on the podium.","start":3677.87,"end":3686.38,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3677.87,"end":3677.99},{"text":"congratulate","start":3677.99,"end":3678.63},{"text":"and","start":3678.63,"end":3678.7},{"text":"commend","start":3678.7,"end":3679.27},{"text":"the","start":3679.46,"end":3679.53},{"text":"co-chairs","start":3679.54,"end":3680.22},{"text":"and","start":3680.23,"end":3680.3},{"text":"members","start":3680.31,"end":3680.71},{"text":"of","start":3680.71,"end":3680.8},{"text":"the","start":3680.81,"end":3680.87},{"text":"study","start":3680.87,"end":3681.12},{"text":"group","start":3681.12,"end":3681.45},{"text":"and","start":3681.89,"end":3682},{"text":"indeed","start":3682.11,"end":3682.41},{"text":"represented","start":3682.47,"end":3683.02},{"text":"by","start":3683.03,"end":3683.23},{"text":"Professor","start":3683.24,"end":3683.75},{"text":"Nolifar","start":3684.96,"end":3685.35},{"text":"Oral","start":3685.36,"end":3685.75},{"text":"on","start":3685.75,"end":3685.86},{"text":"the","start":3685.86,"end":3685.92},{"text":"podium","start":3685.92,"end":3686.38}]},{"text":"Congratulations and thank you for your.","start":3686.39,"end":3687.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Congratulations","start":3686.39,"end":3687.1},{"text":"and","start":3687.1,"end":3687.21},{"text":"thank","start":3687.21,"end":3687.42},{"text":"you","start":3687.42,"end":3687.48},{"text":"for","start":3687.48,"end":3687.59},{"text":"your","start":3687.6,"end":3687.71}]},{"text":"work.","start":3687.71,"end":3688,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"work","start":3687.71,"end":3688}]},{"text":"In this regards, welcomes also the adoption by consensus on 24th September 2026 during the high level week of the 84th session of the political declaration of the high level meeting to address the existential threat posed by sea level rise.","start":3689.73,"end":3703.68,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal 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declaration also takes note of the advisory opinion of the court, ICJ, and the final report of the study 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legal analysis of the commission the jurisprudence of the court, and the political will of member states now point in the same 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task is to consolidate that convergence into sector law and to give practical effect to the declarations committed commitment on science, adaptation, finance, and the protection of affected persons.","start":3719.98,"end":3732.68,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":3719.98,"end":3720.14},{"text":"task","start":3720.15,"end":3720.69},{"text":"is","start":3720.88,"end":3721},{"text":"to","start":3721,"end":3721.09},{"text":"consolidate","start":3721.1,"end":3721.74},{"text":"that","start":3721.74,"end":3721.91},{"text":"convergence","start":3721.93,"end":3722.62},{"text":"into","start":3722.66,"end":3722.86},{"text":"sector","start":3722.86,"end":3723.15},{"text":"law","start":3723.16,"end":3723.38},{"text":"and","start":3724.02,"end":3724.13},{"text":"to","start":3724.14,"end":3724.24},{"text":"give","start":3724.26,"end":3724.53},{"text":"practical","start":3724.55,"end":3725.06},{"text":"effect","start":3725.06,"end":3725.5},{"text":"to","start":3725.61,"end":3725.76},{"text":"the","start":3725.76,"end":3725.85},{"text":"declarations","start":3725.9,"end":3726.48},{"text":"committed","start":3726.49,"end":3726.74},{"text":"commitment","start":3726.74,"end":3727.13},{"text":"on","start":3727.61,"end":3727.79},{"text":"science","start":3727.8,"end":3728.52},{"text":"adaptation","start":3728.67,"end":3729.41},{"text":"finance","start":3729.8,"end":3730.52},{"text":"and","start":3730.89,"end":3731},{"text":"the","start":3731,"end":3731.08},{"text":"protection","start":3731.08,"end":3731.58},{"text":"of","start":3731.58,"end":3731.7},{"text":"affected","start":3731.72,"end":3732.12},{"text":"persons","start":3732.12,"end":3732.68}]},{"text":"On general principles of law, Cirleone welcomes the adoption on second reading of the 12th draft conclusions and commentaries.","start":3733.96,"end":3740.96,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":3733.96,"end":3734.11},{"text":"general","start":3734.12,"end":3734.4},{"text":"principles","start":3734.41,"end":3734.9},{"text":"of","start":3734.9,"end":3735.05},{"text":"law","start":3735.05,"end":3735.4},{"text":"Cirleone","start":3735.86,"end":3735.86},{"text":"welcomes","start":3735.86,"end":3736.32},{"text":"the","start":3736.32,"end":3736.38},{"text":"adoption","start":3736.38,"end":3736.85},{"text":"on","start":3736.85,"end":3736.94},{"text":"second","start":3736.94,"end":3737.24},{"text":"reading","start":3737.24,"end":3737.83},{"text":"of","start":3737.88,"end":3738.01},{"text":"the","start":3738.01,"end":3738.09},{"text":"12th","start":3738.1,"end":3738.52},{"text":"draft","start":3739.23,"end":3739.59},{"text":"conclusions","start":3739.59,"end":3740.24},{"text":"and","start":3740.24,"end":3740.32},{"text":"commentaries","start":3740.34,"end":3740.96}]},{"text":"We commend the special rapporteur, Mister Marcelo Vasquez Bermudez, and supports the commission's recommendation that the general assembly take note of the conclusions, annex them to a resolution and commend them to state and to all who may be call upon to apply them.","start":3741.96,"end":3757.12,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3741.96,"end":3742.06},{"text":"commend","start":3742.07,"end":3742.44},{"text":"the","start":3742.45,"end":3742.52},{"text":"special","start":3742.54,"end":3742.86},{"text":"rapporteur","start":3742.9,"end":3743.47},{"text":"Mister","start":3743.62,"end":3743.92},{"text":"Marcelo","start":3743.92,"end":3744.58},{"text":"Vasquez","start":3744.98,"end":3745.38},{"text":"Bermudez","start":3745.4,"end":3746.04},{"text":"and","start":3746.58,"end":3746.73},{"text":"supports","start":3746.73,"end":3747.24},{"text":"the","start":3747.25,"end":3747.32},{"text":"commission's","start":3747.32,"end":3747.87},{"text":"recommendation","start":3747.88,"end":3748.66},{"text":"that","start":3749.3,"end":3749.38},{"text":"the","start":3749.4,"end":3749.46},{"text":"general","start":3749.46,"end":3749.75},{"text":"assembly","start":3749.75,"end":3750.12},{"text":"take","start":3750.15,"end":3750.34},{"text":"note","start":3750.35,"end":3750.65},{"text":"of","start":3750.65,"end":3750.73},{"text":"the","start":3750.73,"end":3750.79},{"text":"conclusions","start":3750.8,"end":3751.58},{"text":"annex","start":3752.1,"end":3752.44},{"text":"them","start":3752.45,"end":3752.69},{"text":"to","start":3752.69,"end":3752.87},{"text":"a","start":3752.87,"end":3752.9},{"text":"resolution","start":3752.97,"end":3753.56},{"text":"and","start":3753.57,"end":3753.67},{"text":"commend","start":3753.68,"end":3753.99},{"text":"them","start":3753.99,"end":3754.17},{"text":"to","start":3754.17,"end":3754.28},{"text":"state","start":3754.28,"end":3754.66},{"text":"and","start":3754.99,"end":3755.11},{"text":"to","start":3755.11,"end":3755.26},{"text":"all","start":3755.26,"end":3755.53},{"text":"who","start":3755.53,"end":3755.65},{"text":"may","start":3755.66,"end":3755.76},{"text":"be","start":3755.76,"end":3755.87},{"text":"call","start":3755.87,"end":3756.04},{"text":"upon","start":3756.04,"end":3756.42},{"text":"to","start":3756.43,"end":3756.56},{"text":"apply","start":3756.56,"end":3756.92},{"text":"them","start":3756.92,"end":3757.12}]},{"text":"Sierra Leone has had the opportunity to address the draft conclusions as as adopted on first reading.","start":3758.48,"end":3763.87,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Sierra","start":3758.48,"end":3758.64},{"text":"Leone","start":3758.65,"end":3758.9},{"text":"has","start":3759,"end":3759.15},{"text":"had","start":3759.16,"end":3759.32},{"text":"the","start":3759.33,"end":3759.4},{"text":"opportunity","start":3759.4,"end":3759.91},{"text":"to","start":3759.92,"end":3760.04},{"text":"address","start":3760.04,"end":3760.47},{"text":"the","start":3760.52,"end":3760.58},{"text":"draft","start":3760.59,"end":3760.8},{"text":"conclusions","start":3760.83,"end":3761.46},{"text":"as","start":3761.57,"end":3761.57},{"text":"as","start":3762.01,"end":3762.19},{"text":"adopted","start":3762.2,"end":3762.73},{"text":"on","start":3763.12,"end":3763.24},{"text":"first","start":3763.24,"end":3763.52},{"text":"reading","start":3763.53,"end":3763.87}]},{"text":"Our detailed comments are in our longer version of our statement.","start":3764.86,"end":3768.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":3764.86,"end":3765.02},{"text":"detailed","start":3765.02,"end":3765.34},{"text":"comments","start":3765.34,"end":3765.69},{"text":"are","start":3766.07,"end":3766.31},{"text":"in","start":3766.34,"end":3766.47},{"text":"our","start":3766.48,"end":3766.59},{"text":"longer","start":3766.59,"end":3766.86},{"text":"version","start":3766.86,"end":3767.26},{"text":"of","start":3767.26,"end":3767.38},{"text":"our","start":3767.38,"end":3767.45},{"text":"statement","start":3767.45,"end":3768.05}]},{"text":"With respect to the new draft conclusion 12 on general principles with a limited scope of application.","start":3768.86,"end":3774.89,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"With","start":3768.86,"end":3769},{"text":"respect","start":3769,"end":3769.41},{"text":"to","start":3769.41,"end":3769.5},{"text":"the","start":3769.51,"end":3769.62},{"text":"new","start":3769.62,"end":3769.96},{"text":"draft","start":3769.98,"end":3770.22},{"text":"conclusion","start":3770.25,"end":3770.69},{"text":"12","start":3770.7,"end":3771.2},{"text":"on","start":3771.22,"end":3771.36},{"text":"general","start":3771.38,"end":3771.68},{"text":"principles","start":3771.69,"end":3772.39},{"text":"with","start":3773.27,"end":3773.45},{"text":"a","start":3773.45,"end":3773.49},{"text":"limited","start":3773.49,"end":3773.86},{"text":"scope","start":3773.86,"end":3774.13},{"text":"of","start":3774.13,"end":3774.25},{"text":"application","start":3774.25,"end":3774.89}]},{"text":"It recognizes that regional legal orders including our own continental system, may give rise to such principles.","start":3776.03,"end":3783.64,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3776.03,"end":3776.12},{"text":"recognizes","start":3776.14,"end":3776.77},{"text":"that","start":3776.78,"end":3777.02},{"text":"regional","start":3777.06,"end":3777.55},{"text":"legal","start":3777.73,"end":3778.11},{"text":"orders","start":3778.11,"end":3778.64},{"text":"including","start":3779.01,"end":3779.54},{"text":"our","start":3779.6,"end":3779.8},{"text":"own","start":3779.84,"end":3780.13},{"text":"continental","start":3780.15,"end":3780.73},{"text":"system","start":3780.73,"end":3781.2},{"text":"may","start":3781.88,"end":3782.01},{"text":"give","start":3782.01,"end":3782.3},{"text":"rise","start":3782.3,"end":3782.52},{"text":"to","start":3782.52,"end":3782.64},{"text":"such","start":3782.64,"end":3782.93},{"text":"principles","start":3782.94,"end":3783.64}]},{"text":"We note the coherence between draft conclusions eight and nine on decisions of courts and teachings, and the commission's spiral work on subsidiary means.","start":3785.2,"end":3793.8,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3785.2,"end":3785.35},{"text":"note","start":3785.35,"end":3785.68},{"text":"the","start":3785.85,"end":3785.92},{"text":"coherence","start":3785.92,"end":3786.4},{"text":"between","start":3786.41,"end":3786.75},{"text":"draft","start":3786.75,"end":3787},{"text":"conclusions","start":3787,"end":3787.6},{"text":"eight","start":3787.66,"end":3787.9},{"text":"and","start":3787.9,"end":3787.98},{"text":"nine","start":3787.99,"end":3788.47},{"text":"on","start":3788.53,"end":3788.69},{"text":"decisions","start":3788.69,"end":3789.31},{"text":"of","start":3789.34,"end":3789.61},{"text":"courts","start":3789.68,"end":3790.01},{"text":"and","start":3790.01,"end":3790.12},{"text":"teachings","start":3790.12,"end":3790.69},{"text":"and","start":3791.36,"end":3791.47},{"text":"the","start":3791.47,"end":3791.54},{"text":"commission's","start":3791.55,"end":3792.12},{"text":"spiral","start":3792.12,"end":3792.51},{"text":"work","start":3792.51,"end":3792.82},{"text":"on","start":3792.82,"end":3792.91},{"text":"subsidiary","start":3792.91,"end":3793.37},{"text":"means","start":3793.38,"end":3793.8}]},{"text":"To ensure harmonization for the users of the commission's work.","start":3794.7,"end":3797.8,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":3794.7,"end":3794.89},{"text":"ensure","start":3794.89,"end":3795.3},{"text":"harmonization","start":3795.31,"end":3796.16},{"text":"for","start":3796.19,"end":3796.35},{"text":"the","start":3796.36,"end":3796.43},{"text":"users","start":3796.43,"end":3796.88},{"text":"of","start":3796.88,"end":3796.97},{"text":"the","start":3796.97,"end":3797.04},{"text":"commission's","start":3797.04,"end":3797.51},{"text":"work","start":3797.51,"end":3797.8}]},{"text":"Sierra Leone would have preferred a closer alignment between the conclusions and teachings and decisions under the topic of general principles of law and those adopted by the commission on subsidy agreements.","start":3798.55,"end":3808.89,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Sierra","start":3798.55,"end":3798.75},{"text":"Leone","start":3798.75,"end":3798.95},{"text":"would","start":3798.95,"end":3799.06},{"text":"have","start":3799.06,"end":3799.12},{"text":"preferred","start":3799.15,"end":3799.67},{"text":"a","start":3799.67,"end":3799.73},{"text":"closer","start":3799.73,"end":3800.08},{"text":"alignment","start":3800.11,"end":3800.67},{"text":"between","start":3800.69,"end":3800.95},{"text":"the","start":3800.95,"end":3801},{"text":"conclusions","start":3801.01,"end":3801.66},{"text":"and","start":3801.66,"end":3801.77},{"text":"teachings","start":3801.77,"end":3802.26},{"text":"and","start":3802.26,"end":3802.33},{"text":"decisions","start":3802.35,"end":3802.95},{"text":"under","start":3802.99,"end":3803.14},{"text":"the","start":3803.14,"end":3803.23},{"text":"topic","start":3803.23,"end":3803.62},{"text":"of","start":3803.62,"end":3803.69},{"text":"general","start":3803.71,"end":3803.92},{"text":"principles","start":3803.93,"end":3804.59},{"text":"of","start":3805.05,"end":3805.22},{"text":"law","start":3805.25,"end":3805.51},{"text":"and","start":3806.13,"end":3806.29},{"text":"those","start":3806.29,"end":3806.51},{"text":"adopted","start":3806.51,"end":3806.92},{"text":"by","start":3806.93,"end":3807.05},{"text":"the","start":3807.05,"end":3807.13},{"text":"commission","start":3807.13,"end":3807.71},{"text":"on","start":3807.74,"end":3807.89},{"text":"subsidy","start":3807.89,"end":3808.29},{"text":"agreements","start":3808.34,"end":3808.89}]},{"text":"We however understand that the decisions taken by the commission this year in the general principle of law topic carried no implication implications for the equivalent conclusions on subsidiary means.","start":3809.61,"end":3820.58,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3809.61,"end":3809.78},{"text":"however","start":3809.78,"end":3810.19},{"text":"understand","start":3810.2,"end":3810.77},{"text":"that","start":3810.96,"end":3811.09},{"text":"the","start":3811.09,"end":3811.17},{"text":"decisions","start":3811.17,"end":3811.88},{"text":"taken","start":3811.88,"end":3812.23},{"text":"by","start":3812.24,"end":3812.33},{"text":"the","start":3812.34,"end":3812.42},{"text":"commission","start":3812.42,"end":3812.87},{"text":"this","start":3812.88,"end":3813.07},{"text":"year","start":3813.07,"end":3813.31},{"text":"in","start":3813.84,"end":3813.93},{"text":"the","start":3813.93,"end":3814},{"text":"general","start":3814,"end":3814.33},{"text":"principle","start":3814.34,"end":3814.66},{"text":"of","start":3814.69,"end":3814.81},{"text":"law","start":3814.82,"end":3815.17},{"text":"topic","start":3815.21,"end":3815.68},{"text":"carried","start":3816.16,"end":3816.59},{"text":"no","start":3816.87,"end":3817.09},{"text":"implication","start":3817.1,"end":3817.62},{"text":"implications","start":3817.62,"end":3817.87},{"text":"for","start":3817.87,"end":3817.97},{"text":"the","start":3817.98,"end":3818.05},{"text":"equivalent","start":3818.05,"end":3818.68},{"text":"conclusions","start":3818.69,"end":3819.47},{"text":"on","start":3819.53,"end":3819.67},{"text":"subsidiary","start":3819.67,"end":3820.13},{"text":"means","start":3820.15,"end":3820.58}]},{"text":"Turning to immunity of state officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction, so I don't congratulate the special rapporteur, professor Claudio Grossman, on the adoption of 17 draft articles with commentaries on second reading.","start":3821.79,"end":3834.65,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Turning","start":3821.79,"end":3822.07},{"text":"to","start":3822.09,"end":3822.21},{"text":"immunity","start":3822.21,"end":3822.68},{"text":"of","start":3822.68,"end":3822.76},{"text":"state","start":3822.79,"end":3822.79},{"text":"officials","start":3823.03,"end":3823.6},{"text":"from","start":3823.6,"end":3823.91},{"text":"foreign","start":3824.03,"end":3824.37},{"text":"criminal","start":3824.37,"end":3824.67},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":3824.67,"end":3825.37},{"text":"so","start":3826.13,"end":3826.23},{"text":"I","start":3826.23,"end":3826.28},{"text":"don't","start":3826.29,"end":3826.41},{"text":"congratulate","start":3826.41,"end":3826.95},{"text":"the","start":3827.2,"end":3827.27},{"text":"special","start":3827.28,"end":3827.59},{"text":"rapporteur","start":3827.6,"end":3828.11},{"text":"professor","start":3829.23,"end":3829.23},{"text":"Claudio","start":3829.23,"end":3829.55},{"text":"Grossman","start":3829.55,"end":3830.14},{"text":"on","start":3830.9,"end":3831.02},{"text":"the","start":3831.03,"end":3831.11},{"text":"adoption","start":3831.11,"end":3831.57},{"text":"of","start":3831.57,"end":3831.65},{"text":"17","start":3831.97,"end":3832.17},{"text":"draft","start":3832.18,"end":3832.49},{"text":"articles","start":3832.49,"end":3833.05},{"text":"with","start":3833.05,"end":3833.14},{"text":"commentaries","start":3833.16,"end":3833.86},{"text":"on","start":3833.86,"end":3833.97},{"text":"second","start":3833.97,"end":3834.29},{"text":"reading","start":3834.31,"end":3834.65}]},{"text":"We honor the memory of Professor Concepcion Escobar Hernandez whose foundational work made the outcome possible.","start":3835.52,"end":3843.58,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3835.52,"end":3835.64},{"text":"honor","start":3835.69,"end":3836.09},{"text":"the","start":3836.33,"end":3836.43},{"text":"memory","start":3836.43,"end":3837.01},{"text":"of","start":3837.52,"end":3837.66},{"text":"Professor","start":3837.66,"end":3838.27},{"text":"Concepcion","start":3838.57,"end":3839.41},{"text":"Escobar","start":3839.45,"end":3839.87},{"text":"Hernandez","start":3839.89,"end":3840.5},{"text":"whose","start":3841.05,"end":3841.27},{"text":"foundational","start":3841.27,"end":3841.89},{"text":"work","start":3841.89,"end":3842.24},{"text":"made","start":3842.41,"end":3842.61},{"text":"the","start":3842.62,"end":3842.73},{"text":"outcome","start":3842.75,"end":3843.17},{"text":"possible","start":3843.21,"end":3843.58}]},{"text":"Sierra Leone's position on this topic is shaped by our history.","start":3844.79,"end":3847.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Sierra","start":3844.79,"end":3845.02},{"text":"Leone's","start":3845.02,"end":3845.22},{"text":"position","start":3845.22,"end":3845.55},{"text":"on","start":3845.55,"end":3845.63},{"text":"this","start":3845.63,"end":3845.79},{"text":"topic","start":3845.79,"end":3846.12},{"text":"is","start":3846.13,"end":3846.19},{"text":"shaped","start":3846.19,"end":3846.47},{"text":"by","start":3846.47,"end":3846.6},{"text":"our","start":3846.6,"end":3846.69},{"text":"history","start":3846.71,"end":3847.15}]},{"text":"Through the special court for Sierra Leone, our country demonstrated that official position even at the highest level is no bow to accountability for the grievous crimes.","start":3847.72,"end":3856.93,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Through","start":3847.72,"end":3847.88},{"text":"the","start":3847.89,"end":3847.96},{"text":"special","start":3847.96,"end":3848.32},{"text":"court","start":3848.32,"end":3848.51},{"text":"for","start":3848.54,"end":3848.64},{"text":"Sierra","start":3848.65,"end":3848.88},{"text":"Leone","start":3848.88,"end":3849.15},{"text":"our","start":3849.97,"end":3850.09},{"text":"country","start":3850.1,"end":3850.42},{"text":"demonstrated","start":3850.43,"end":3850.99},{"text":"that","start":3850.99,"end":3851.15},{"text":"official","start":3851.15,"end":3851.53},{"text":"position","start":3851.53,"end":3852.19},{"text":"even","start":3852.26,"end":3852.58},{"text":"at","start":3852.59,"end":3852.68},{"text":"the","start":3852.68,"end":3852.75},{"text":"highest","start":3852.76,"end":3853.23},{"text":"level","start":3853.23,"end":3853.63},{"text":"is","start":3854.04,"end":3854.17},{"text":"no","start":3854.19,"end":3854.35},{"text":"bow","start":3854.35,"end":3854.62},{"text":"to","start":3854.63,"end":3854.75},{"text":"accountability","start":3854.75,"end":3855.58},{"text":"for","start":3855.59,"end":3855.74},{"text":"the","start":3855.75,"end":3855.82},{"text":"grievous","start":3855.82,"end":3856.35},{"text":"crimes","start":3856.38,"end":3856.93}]},{"text":"Immunity in our view is procedural.","start":3857.7,"end":3859.93,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Immunity","start":3857.7,"end":3858.27},{"text":"in","start":3858.32,"end":3858.43},{"text":"our","start":3858.43,"end":3858.56},{"text":"view","start":3858.56,"end":3859.04},{"text":"is","start":3859.1,"end":3859.24},{"text":"procedural","start":3859.25,"end":3859.93}]},{"text":"It is not impunity.","start":3860.49,"end":3861.96,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3860.49,"end":3860.61},{"text":"is","start":3860.61,"end":3860.76},{"text":"not","start":3860.78,"end":3861.12},{"text":"impunity","start":3861.21,"end":3861.96}]},{"text":"We therefore welcome draft article six and the commission's decision to retain it.","start":3862.51,"end":3867.7,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3862.51,"end":3862.62},{"text":"therefore","start":3862.62,"end":3862.91},{"text":"welcome","start":3862.91,"end":3863.5},{"text":"draft","start":3864.1,"end":3864.42},{"text":"article","start":3864.49,"end":3864.96},{"text":"six","start":3864.98,"end":3865.43},{"text":"and","start":3865.78,"end":3865.9},{"text":"the","start":3865.91,"end":3865.97},{"text":"commission's","start":3865.97,"end":3866.43},{"text":"decision","start":3866.46,"end":3866.94},{"text":"to","start":3866.98,"end":3867.1},{"text":"retain","start":3867.1,"end":3867.45},{"text":"it","start":3867.45,"end":3867.7}]},{"text":"We particularly welcome the inclusion on second reading of slavery and the slave trade.","start":3868.5,"end":3872.37,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3868.5,"end":3868.58},{"text":"particularly","start":3868.58,"end":3868.98},{"text":"welcome","start":3868.98,"end":3869.35},{"text":"the","start":3869.38,"end":3869.48},{"text":"inclusion","start":3869.48,"end":3869.98},{"text":"on","start":3869.98,"end":3870.07},{"text":"second","start":3870.08,"end":3870.36},{"text":"reading","start":3870.37,"end":3870.84},{"text":"of","start":3870.88,"end":3871.01},{"text":"slavery","start":3871.01,"end":3871.52},{"text":"and","start":3871.52,"end":3871.64},{"text":"the","start":3871.64,"end":3871.68},{"text":"slave","start":3871.68,"end":3871.98},{"text":"trade","start":3871.99,"end":3872.37}]},{"text":"Sierra Leone proposes its inclusion in its written comment to the commission.","start":3873.57,"end":3877.71,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Sierra","start":3873.57,"end":3873.78},{"text":"Leone","start":3873.8,"end":3873.96},{"text":"proposes","start":3873.96,"end":3874.59},{"text":"its","start":3874.76,"end":3874.96},{"text":"inclusion","start":3874.96,"end":3875.64},{"text":"in","start":3875.93,"end":3876.18},{"text":"its","start":3876.2,"end":3876.35},{"text":"written","start":3876.36,"end":3876.63},{"text":"comment","start":3876.63,"end":3877},{"text":"to","start":3877,"end":3877.1},{"text":"the","start":3877.11,"end":3877.18},{"text":"commission","start":3877.18,"end":3877.71}]},{"text":"Sierra Leone likewise supported the inclusion of the crime of aggression, and welcome its addition to the list.","start":3878.7,"end":3884.55,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Sierra","start":3878.7,"end":3878.88},{"text":"Leone","start":3878.88,"end":3879.04},{"text":"likewise","start":3879.04,"end":3879.4},{"text":"supported","start":3879.52,"end":3879.8},{"text":"the","start":3879.82,"end":3879.89},{"text":"inclusion","start":3879.91,"end":3880.53},{"text":"of","start":3880.72,"end":3880.88},{"text":"the","start":3880.91,"end":3880.97},{"text":"crime","start":3880.98,"end":3881.27},{"text":"of","start":3881.27,"end":3881.39},{"text":"aggression","start":3881.4,"end":3881.96},{"text":"and","start":3882.55,"end":3882.66},{"text":"welcome","start":3882.68,"end":3883.17},{"text":"its","start":3883.2,"end":3883.39},{"text":"addition","start":3883.4,"end":3883.93},{"text":"to","start":3883.94,"end":3884.12},{"text":"the","start":3884.12,"end":3884.22},{"text":"list","start":3884.22,"end":3884.55}]},{"text":"On chapter 13, Sierra Leone welcomed the inclusion of the topic identification and legal consequences of obligations, economic in international law, and the program of work and the appointment of professor Masahiko Asada, a special reporter.","start":3891.64,"end":3905.86,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, state responsibility and countermeasures in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":3891.64,"end":3891.85},{"text":"chapter","start":3891.86,"end":3892.39},{"text":"13","start":3892.62,"end":3893.1},{"text":"Sierra","start":3893.25,"end":3893.45},{"text":"Leone","start":3893.45,"end":3893.6},{"text":"welcomed","start":3893.61,"end":3894.02},{"text":"the","start":3894.02,"end":3894.09},{"text":"inclusion","start":3894.09,"end":3894.52},{"text":"of","start":3894.53,"end":3894.62},{"text":"the","start":3894.64,"end":3894.7},{"text":"topic","start":3894.7,"end":3895.16},{"text":"identification","start":3895.57,"end":3896.46},{"text":"and","start":3896.48,"end":3896.58},{"text":"legal","start":3896.58,"end":3896.85},{"text":"consequences","start":3896.86,"end":3897.47},{"text":"of","start":3897.47,"end":3897.59},{"text":"obligations","start":3897.59,"end":3898.33},{"text":"economic","start":3898.33,"end":3899.09},{"text":"in","start":3899.12,"end":3899.28},{"text":"international","start":3899.34,"end":3899.8},{"text":"law","start":3899.8,"end":3900.05},{"text":"and","start":3900.56,"end":3900.7},{"text":"the","start":3900.7,"end":3900.77},{"text":"program","start":3900.77,"end":3901.14},{"text":"of","start":3901.14,"end":3901.24},{"text":"work","start":3901.24,"end":3901.57},{"text":"and","start":3901.57,"end":3901.68},{"text":"the","start":3901.68,"end":3901.76},{"text":"appointment","start":3901.76,"end":3902.37},{"text":"of","start":3902.37,"end":3902.52},{"text":"professor","start":3902.52,"end":3903.1},{"text":"Masahiko","start":3903.7,"end":3904.31},{"text":"Asada","start":3904.32,"end":3904.86},{"text":"a","start":3904.91,"end":3905},{"text":"special","start":3905,"end":3905.33},{"text":"reporter","start":3905.36,"end":3905.86}]},{"text":"We also welcome the inclusion of the right to regulate international investment law in a long term program of work.","start":3906.53,"end":3912.77,"topics":[{"key":"investment-regulatory-rights","label":"Right to Regulate in International Investment Law","description":"Several delegations supported examining states’ right to regulate under international investment law. The proposed work would clarify legal uncertainties and the balance between investment protection, economic sovereignty and sustainable development."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3906.53,"end":3906.66},{"text":"also","start":3906.66,"end":3906.89},{"text":"welcome","start":3906.89,"end":3907.32},{"text":"the","start":3907.36,"end":3907.44},{"text":"inclusion","start":3907.44,"end":3908.19},{"text":"of","start":3908.28,"end":3908.41},{"text":"the","start":3908.42,"end":3908.48},{"text":"right","start":3908.52,"end":3908.72},{"text":"to","start":3908.74,"end":3908.86},{"text":"regulate","start":3908.9,"end":3909.39},{"text":"international","start":3909.43,"end":3910.02},{"text":"investment","start":3910.02,"end":3910.52},{"text":"law","start":3910.54,"end":3910.8},{"text":"in","start":3911.36,"end":3911.44},{"text":"a","start":3911.46,"end":3911.53},{"text":"long","start":3911.53,"end":3911.77},{"text":"term","start":3911.78,"end":3911.99},{"text":"program","start":3911.99,"end":3912.33},{"text":"of","start":3912.33,"end":3912.46},{"text":"work","start":3912.46,"end":3912.77}]},{"text":"This topic should be immediately added to the current program of work of the commission.","start":3913.51,"end":3917.87,"topics":[{"key":"investment-regulatory-rights","label":"Right to Regulate in International Investment Law","description":"Several delegations supported examining states’ right to regulate under international investment law. The proposed work would clarify legal uncertainties and the balance between investment protection, economic sovereignty and sustainable development."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3913.51,"end":3913.72},{"text":"topic","start":3913.72,"end":3914.24},{"text":"should","start":3914.25,"end":3914.39},{"text":"be","start":3914.4,"end":3914.54},{"text":"immediately","start":3914.54,"end":3915.1},{"text":"added","start":3915.12,"end":3915.49},{"text":"to","start":3915.67,"end":3915.81},{"text":"the","start":3915.82,"end":3915.88},{"text":"current","start":3915.89,"end":3915.9},{"text":"program","start":3915.9,"end":3916.65},{"text":"of","start":3916.65,"end":3916.78},{"text":"work","start":3916.8,"end":3917.1},{"text":"of","start":3917.17,"end":3917.3},{"text":"the","start":3917.3,"end":3917.37},{"text":"commission","start":3917.37,"end":3917.87}]},{"text":"Given its relevance to state and to achieving sustainable development.","start":3918.46,"end":3922.37,"topics":[{"key":"investment-regulatory-rights","label":"Right to Regulate in International Investment Law","description":"Several delegations supported examining states’ right to regulate under international investment law. The proposed work would clarify legal uncertainties and the balance between investment protection, economic sovereignty and sustainable development."}],"words":[{"text":"Given","start":3918.46,"end":3918.7},{"text":"its","start":3918.7,"end":3918.85},{"text":"relevance","start":3918.89,"end":3919.34},{"text":"to","start":3919.34,"end":3919.44},{"text":"state","start":3919.44,"end":3919.94},{"text":"and","start":3920.35,"end":3920.46},{"text":"to","start":3920.46,"end":3920.58},{"text":"achieving","start":3920.59,"end":3921.15},{"text":"sustainable","start":3921.15,"end":3921.47},{"text":"development","start":3921.66,"end":3922.37}]},{"text":"Finally, we affirm our support for the international law seminar and for the trust fund assisting special rapporteurs and we encourage contributions to both.","start":3923.04,"end":3932.14,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Finally","start":3923.04,"end":3923.61},{"text":"we","start":3924.08,"end":3924.29},{"text":"affirm","start":3924.32,"end":3924.73},{"text":"our","start":3924.73,"end":3924.8},{"text":"support","start":3924.8,"end":3925.41},{"text":"for","start":3925.48,"end":3925.65},{"text":"the","start":3925.66,"end":3925.74},{"text":"international","start":3925.74,"end":3926.28},{"text":"law","start":3926.28,"end":3926.48},{"text":"seminar","start":3926.48,"end":3926.92},{"text":"and","start":3927.44,"end":3927.57},{"text":"for","start":3927.58,"end":3927.68},{"text":"the","start":3927.7,"end":3927.78},{"text":"trust","start":3927.8,"end":3928.13},{"text":"fund","start":3928.13,"end":3928.41},{"text":"assisting","start":3928.41,"end":3928.94},{"text":"special","start":3928.96,"end":3929.32},{"text":"rapporteurs","start":3929.32,"end":3929.99},{"text":"and","start":3930.48,"end":3930.58},{"text":"we","start":3930.59,"end":3930.69},{"text":"encourage","start":3930.69,"end":3931.08},{"text":"contributions","start":3931.08,"end":3931.7},{"text":"to","start":3931.7,"end":3931.8},{"text":"both","start":3931.81,"end":3932.14}]},{"text":"Both are essential to both broadening the participation of developing countries and of Africa in particular in the progressive development and codification of international law.","start":3933.05,"end":3942.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Both","start":3933.05,"end":3933.35},{"text":"are","start":3933.35,"end":3933.43},{"text":"essential","start":3933.44,"end":3934.14},{"text":"to","start":3934.14,"end":3934.3},{"text":"both","start":3934.31,"end":3934.45},{"text":"broadening","start":3934.45,"end":3934.79},{"text":"the","start":3934.79,"end":3934.86},{"text":"participation","start":3934.9,"end":3935.49},{"text":"of","start":3935.49,"end":3935.56},{"text":"developing","start":3935.56,"end":3936.01},{"text":"countries","start":3936.03,"end":3936.59},{"text":"and","start":3937.23,"end":3937.41},{"text":"of","start":3937.41,"end":3937.65},{"text":"Africa","start":3937.75,"end":3938.13},{"text":"in","start":3938.13,"end":3938.21},{"text":"particular","start":3938.24,"end":3938.86},{"text":"in","start":3939.42,"end":3939.52},{"text":"the","start":3939.52,"end":3939.59},{"text":"progressive","start":3939.59,"end":3940.11},{"text":"development","start":3940.14,"end":3940.88},{"text":"and","start":3941.02,"end":3941.18},{"text":"codification","start":3941.19,"end":3941.89},{"text":"of","start":3941.89,"end":3942.01},{"text":"international","start":3942.03,"end":3942.59},{"text":"law","start":3942.59,"end":3942.75}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":3943.17,"end":3943.6,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3943.17,"end":3943.26},{"text":"thank","start":3943.26,"end":3943.47},{"text":"you","start":3943.47,"end":3943.6}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"SLE","group":null,"function":"Permanent Representative","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone"}},{"statement_number":17,"start":3945.95,"pageUrl":"/es/ga/c6/81/31?lang=floor&t=1:05:46","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I think the distinguished permanent representative of Sierra Leone for his statement.","start":3945.95,"end":3951,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3945.95,"end":3946.08},{"text":"think","start":3946.09,"end":3946.63},{"text":"the","start":3946.94,"end":3947.28},{"text":"distinguished","start":3947.34,"end":3947.91},{"text":"permanent","start":3947.92,"end":3948.3},{"text":"representative","start":3948.3,"end":3949.03},{"text":"of","start":3949.03,"end":3949.13},{"text":"Sierra","start":3949.14,"end":3949.46},{"text":"Leone","start":3949.46,"end":3949.81},{"text":"for","start":3949.85,"end":3950.05},{"text":"his","start":3950.05,"end":3950.21},{"text":"statement","start":3950.21,"end":3951}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Czechia.","start":3951.46,"end":3954.9,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3951.46,"end":3951.57},{"text":"now","start":3951.57,"end":3951.76},{"text":"give","start":3951.77,"end":3951.99},{"text":"the","start":3951.99,"end":3952.1},{"text":"floor","start":3952.1,"end":3952.43},{"text":"to","start":3952.43,"end":3952.85},{"text":"the","start":3952.88,"end":3952.99},{"text":"distinguished","start":3953,"end":3953.53},{"text":"representative","start":3953.55,"end":3954.25},{"text":"of","start":3954.25,"end":3954.4},{"text":"Czechia","start":3954.45,"end":3954.9}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":3955.33,"end":3956.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":3955.33,"end":3955.45},{"text":"have","start":3955.45,"end":3955.63},{"text":"the","start":3955.65,"end":3955.73},{"text":"floor","start":3955.74,"end":3956.01}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":18,"start":3958.31,"pageUrl":"/es/ga/c6/81/31?lang=floor&t=1:05:59","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Madam chair, allow me to begin by extending our congratulations to the newly elected chair of the International Law Commission, Mr. Andreas Mavroyiannis.","start":3958.31,"end":3966.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":3958.31,"end":3958.57},{"text":"chair","start":3958.57,"end":3958.83},{"text":"allow","start":3959.57,"end":3959.74},{"text":"me","start":3959.74,"end":3959.86},{"text":"to","start":3959.86,"end":3959.97},{"text":"begin","start":3959.98,"end":3960.36},{"text":"by","start":3960.47,"end":3960.67},{"text":"extending","start":3960.67,"end":3961.19},{"text":"our","start":3961.2,"end":3961.37},{"text":"congratulations","start":3961.39,"end":3962.26},{"text":"to","start":3962.53,"end":3962.65},{"text":"the","start":3962.65,"end":3962.76},{"text":"newly","start":3962.76,"end":3963.02},{"text":"elected","start":3963.03,"end":3963.35},{"text":"chair","start":3963.35,"end":3963.61},{"text":"of","start":3963.61,"end":3963.7},{"text":"the","start":3963.7,"end":3963.84},{"text":"International","start":3963.85,"end":3964.33},{"text":"Law","start":3964.35,"end":3964.49},{"text":"Commission","start":3964.49,"end":3964.99},{"text":"Mr","start":3965.31,"end":3965.54},{"text":"Andreas","start":3965.56,"end":3965.99},{"text":"Mavroyiannis","start":3965.99,"end":3966.67}]},{"text":"We'd like to thank him for introducing the commission's the commission's report and for his able and dedicated leadership of the commission's commission throughout its session.","start":3967.26,"end":3976.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We'd","start":3967.26,"end":3967.43},{"text":"like","start":3967.43,"end":3967.55},{"text":"to","start":3967.59,"end":3967.68},{"text":"thank","start":3967.68,"end":3967.93},{"text":"him","start":3967.93,"end":3968.15},{"text":"for","start":3968.15,"end":3968.47},{"text":"introducing","start":3968.47,"end":3969.1},{"text":"the","start":3969.18,"end":3969.31},{"text":"commission's","start":3969.31,"end":3969.75},{"text":"the","start":3970.11,"end":3970.18},{"text":"commission's","start":3970.19,"end":3970.55},{"text":"report","start":3970.58,"end":3971.07},{"text":"and","start":3971.28,"end":3971.4},{"text":"for","start":3971.4,"end":3971.55},{"text":"his","start":3971.55,"end":3971.65},{"text":"able","start":3971.71,"end":3972.03},{"text":"and","start":3972.15,"end":3972.3},{"text":"dedicated","start":3972.3,"end":3972.73},{"text":"leadership","start":3972.76,"end":3973.26},{"text":"of","start":3973.29,"end":3973.4},{"text":"the","start":3973.4,"end":3973.45},{"text":"commission's","start":3973.46,"end":3974.01},{"text":"commission","start":3974.58,"end":3974.94},{"text":"throughout","start":3974.94,"end":3975.42},{"text":"its","start":3975.45,"end":3975.61},{"text":"session","start":3975.68,"end":3976.03}]},{"text":"At the outset, the Czech Republic would like to briefly comment on the topic sea level rise in relation to international law.","start":3977.01,"end":3982.33,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":3977.01,"end":3977.09},{"text":"the","start":3977.1,"end":3977.19},{"text":"outset","start":3977.2,"end":3977.53},{"text":"the","start":3977.57,"end":3977.67},{"text":"Czech","start":3977.69,"end":3977.88},{"text":"Republic","start":3977.88,"end":3978.17},{"text":"would","start":3978.17,"end":3978.29},{"text":"like","start":3978.29,"end":3978.45},{"text":"to","start":3978.45,"end":3978.57},{"text":"briefly","start":3978.57,"end":3978.87},{"text":"comment","start":3978.87,"end":3979.29},{"text":"on","start":3979.41,"end":3979.53},{"text":"the","start":3979.54,"end":3979.61},{"text":"topic","start":3979.61,"end":3980},{"text":"sea","start":3980.09,"end":3980.3},{"text":"level","start":3980.33,"end":3980.54},{"text":"rise","start":3980.54,"end":3980.92},{"text":"in","start":3980.97,"end":3981.06},{"text":"relation","start":3981.09,"end":3981.48},{"text":"to","start":3981.5,"end":3981.65},{"text":"international","start":3981.69,"end":3982.17},{"text":"law","start":3982.17,"end":3982.33}]},{"text":"We welcome the development following the completion of the commission's work on the topic, including the adoption of the high level declaration during the opening of the current session of the general assembly.","start":3983.34,"end":3992.31,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3983.34,"end":3983.46},{"text":"welcome","start":3983.46,"end":3983.79},{"text":"the","start":3983.8,"end":3983.86},{"text":"development","start":3983.86,"end":3984.29},{"text":"following","start":3984.33,"end":3984.68},{"text":"the","start":3984.69,"end":3984.75},{"text":"completion","start":3984.77,"end":3985.39},{"text":"of","start":3985.53,"end":3985.63},{"text":"the","start":3985.65,"end":3985.71},{"text":"commission's","start":3985.73,"end":3986.17},{"text":"work","start":3986.17,"end":3986.37},{"text":"on","start":3986.47,"end":3986.6},{"text":"the","start":3986.6,"end":3986.67},{"text":"topic","start":3986.68,"end":3987.1},{"text":"including","start":3987.35,"end":3987.83},{"text":"the","start":3987.83,"end":3987.98},{"text":"adoption","start":3987.98,"end":3988.36},{"text":"of","start":3988.37,"end":3988.47},{"text":"the","start":3988.47,"end":3988.57},{"text":"high","start":3988.57,"end":3988.78},{"text":"level","start":3988.78,"end":3988.95},{"text":"declaration","start":3988.96,"end":3989.64},{"text":"during","start":3989.8,"end":3990.08},{"text":"the","start":3990.08,"end":3990.21},{"text":"opening","start":3990.23,"end":3990.66},{"text":"of","start":3990.66,"end":3990.75},{"text":"the","start":3990.76,"end":3990.83},{"text":"current","start":3990.83,"end":3991.11},{"text":"session","start":3991.11,"end":3991.45},{"text":"of","start":3991.45,"end":3991.53},{"text":"the","start":3991.54,"end":3991.63},{"text":"general","start":3991.63,"end":3991.91},{"text":"assembly","start":3991.94,"end":3992.31}]},{"text":"We appreciate that the last year's advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the on the obligations of states in respect of climate change, provided authoritative guidance on the applicable rules of international law and clarified a number of outstanding legal questions.","start":3993.37,"end":4008.65,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3993.37,"end":3993.47},{"text":"appreciate","start":3993.47,"end":3994.08},{"text":"that","start":3994.27,"end":3994.39},{"text":"the","start":3994.4,"end":3994.5},{"text":"last","start":3994.51,"end":3994.85},{"text":"year's","start":3994.86,"end":3995.11},{"text":"advisory","start":3995.18,"end":3995.67},{"text":"opinion","start":3995.67,"end":3996.18},{"text":"of","start":3996.21,"end":3996.36},{"text":"the","start":3996.36,"end":3996.47},{"text":"International","start":3996.47,"end":3996.97},{"text":"Court","start":3996.98,"end":3997.23},{"text":"of","start":3997.23,"end":3997.31},{"text":"Justice","start":3997.31,"end":3997.79},{"text":"on","start":3998.19,"end":3998.32},{"text":"the","start":3998.33,"end":3998.43},{"text":"on","start":3998.59,"end":3998.69},{"text":"the","start":3998.7,"end":3998.7},{"text":"obligations","start":3998.7,"end":3999.36},{"text":"of","start":3999.37,"end":3999.47},{"text":"states","start":3999.47,"end":3999.9},{"text":"in","start":3999.97,"end":4000.03},{"text":"respect","start":4000.05,"end":4000.41},{"text":"of","start":4000.41,"end":4000.51},{"text":"climate","start":4000.51,"end":4000.82},{"text":"change","start":4000.85,"end":4001.3},{"text":"provided","start":4001.57,"end":4002.1},{"text":"authoritative","start":4002.18,"end":4002.85},{"text":"guidance","start":4002.85,"end":4003.41},{"text":"on","start":4003.45,"end":4003.61},{"text":"the","start":4003.61,"end":4003.73},{"text":"applicable","start":4003.74,"end":4004.17},{"text":"rules","start":4004.17,"end":4004.46},{"text":"of","start":4004.47,"end":4004.58},{"text":"international","start":4004.58,"end":4005.05},{"text":"law","start":4005.05,"end":4005.29},{"text":"and","start":4005.79,"end":4005.96},{"text":"clarified","start":4005.96,"end":4006.56},{"text":"a","start":4006.85,"end":4006.93},{"text":"number","start":4006.93,"end":4007.17},{"text":"of","start":4007.17,"end":4007.31},{"text":"outstanding","start":4007.32,"end":4007.77},{"text":"legal","start":4007.77,"end":4008.07},{"text":"questions","start":4008.09,"end":4008.65}]},{"text":"In our view, these developments now provide a comprehensive base basis for addressing the legal dimensions of sea level rise.","start":4009.43,"end":4016.1,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4009.43,"end":4009.55},{"text":"our","start":4009.55,"end":4009.69},{"text":"view","start":4009.7,"end":4010.03},{"text":"these","start":4010.25,"end":4010.43},{"text":"developments","start":4010.43,"end":4010.99},{"text":"now","start":4010.99,"end":4011.17},{"text":"provide","start":4011.17,"end":4011.57},{"text":"a","start":4011.59,"end":4011.65},{"text":"comprehensive","start":4011.66,"end":4012.21},{"text":"base","start":4012.21,"end":4012.34},{"text":"basis","start":4012.34,"end":4012.75},{"text":"for","start":4013.32,"end":4013.52},{"text":"addressing","start":4013.52,"end":4014},{"text":"the","start":4014.01,"end":4014.11},{"text":"legal","start":4014.11,"end":4014.34},{"text":"dimensions","start":4014.34,"end":4015.06},{"text":"of","start":4015.16,"end":4015.32},{"text":"sea","start":4015.32,"end":4015.52},{"text":"level","start":4015.52,"end":4015.73},{"text":"rise","start":4015.76,"end":4016.1}]},{"text":"Madam chair, allow me now to turn to the topic immunity of state officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction.","start":4017.32,"end":4022.88,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":4017.32,"end":4017.5},{"text":"chair","start":4017.52,"end":4017.76},{"text":"allow","start":4018.22,"end":4018.35},{"text":"me","start":4018.36,"end":4018.46},{"text":"now","start":4018.5,"end":4018.67},{"text":"to","start":4018.71,"end":4018.8},{"text":"turn","start":4018.81,"end":4019.09},{"text":"to","start":4019.09,"end":4019.18},{"text":"the","start":4019.18,"end":4019.28},{"text":"topic","start":4019.28,"end":4019.65},{"text":"immunity","start":4019.88,"end":4020.28},{"text":"of","start":4020.28,"end":4020.36},{"text":"state","start":4020.36,"end":4020.72},{"text":"officials","start":4020.73,"end":4021.28},{"text":"from","start":4021.32,"end":4021.52},{"text":"foreign","start":4021.52,"end":4021.86},{"text":"criminal","start":4021.87,"end":4022.24},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4022.28,"end":4022.88}]},{"text":"The Czech Republic welcomes that the Commission adopted the entire set of draft articles on the topic.","start":4023.78,"end":4028.83,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4023.78,"end":4023.86},{"text":"Czech","start":4023.86,"end":4024.03},{"text":"Republic","start":4024.11,"end":4024.34},{"text":"welcomes","start":4024.35,"end":4024.84},{"text":"that","start":4024.97,"end":4025.12},{"text":"the","start":4025.12,"end":4025.21},{"text":"Commission","start":4025.22,"end":4025.66},{"text":"adopted","start":4025.71,"end":4026.26},{"text":"the","start":4026.36,"end":4026.54},{"text":"entire","start":4026.54,"end":4026.9},{"text":"set","start":4026.91,"end":4027.13},{"text":"of","start":4027.14,"end":4027.26},{"text":"draft","start":4027.29,"end":4027.62},{"text":"articles","start":4027.64,"end":4028.21},{"text":"on","start":4028.26,"end":4028.38},{"text":"the","start":4028.38,"end":4028.46},{"text":"topic","start":4028.49,"end":4028.83}]},{"text":"We would like to express our appreciation to the Commission and the special rapporteur, Mr. Claudio Grossman-Gvilov, for their work and the completion on the second reading.","start":4029.74,"end":4038.3,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4029.74,"end":4029.82},{"text":"would","start":4029.82,"end":4029.91},{"text":"like","start":4029.91,"end":4030.02},{"text":"to","start":4030.03,"end":4030.14},{"text":"express","start":4030.15,"end":4030.49},{"text":"our","start":4030.5,"end":4030.62},{"text":"appreciation","start":4030.63,"end":4031.38},{"text":"to","start":4031.52,"end":4031.67},{"text":"the","start":4031.68,"end":4031.74},{"text":"Commission","start":4031.75,"end":4032.26},{"text":"and","start":4032.3,"end":4032.45},{"text":"the","start":4032.45,"end":4032.52},{"text":"special","start":4032.53,"end":4032.86},{"text":"rapporteur","start":4032.88,"end":4033.46},{"text":"Mr","start":4033.82,"end":4034.02},{"text":"Claudio","start":4034.05,"end":4034.39},{"text":"Grossman-Gvilov","start":4034.41,"end":4035.14},{"text":"for","start":4035.66,"end":4035.86},{"text":"their","start":4035.86,"end":4036.01},{"text":"work","start":4036.02,"end":4036.34},{"text":"and","start":4036.54,"end":4036.65},{"text":"the","start":4036.65,"end":4036.71},{"text":"completion","start":4036.71,"end":4037.34},{"text":"on","start":4037.5,"end":4037.64},{"text":"the","start":4037.64,"end":4037.7},{"text":"second","start":4037.7,"end":4037.97},{"text":"reading","start":4037.97,"end":4038.3}]},{"text":"We also appreciate substantial contributions of previous special rapporteurs, Mr. Roman Kolotkin and Mrs. Concepcion Escobar Hernandez.","start":4039.2,"end":4046.35,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4039.2,"end":4039.31},{"text":"also","start":4039.31,"end":4039.51},{"text":"appreciate","start":4039.52,"end":4039.99},{"text":"substantial","start":4040,"end":4040.45},{"text":"contributions","start":4040.45,"end":4041.08},{"text":"of","start":4041.08,"end":4041.17},{"text":"previous","start":4041.2,"end":4041.76},{"text":"special","start":4041.76,"end":4042.05},{"text":"rapporteurs","start":4042.07,"end":4042.71},{"text":"Mr","start":4043.04,"end":4043.27},{"text":"Roman","start":4043.4,"end":4043.55},{"text":"Kolotkin","start":4043.56,"end":4044.08},{"text":"and","start":4044.32,"end":4044.52},{"text":"Mrs","start":4044.6,"end":4044.83},{"text":"Concepcion","start":4044.84,"end":4045.41},{"text":"Escobar","start":4045.43,"end":4045.78},{"text":"Hernandez","start":4045.81,"end":4046.35}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, there is no doubt that the draft articles substantially clarify the legal concepts concerning the immunity of state officials, both ratione personae and ratione materie, from foreign criminal jurisdiction and their status in respect of other related concepts of international law.","start":4047.72,"end":4064.27,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a 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the same time, the adopted set of draft articles will surely be the subject of further study and discussions on intergovernmental as well as academic 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draft articles provide a substantial thought out and elaborate basis for such discussions.","start":4075.2,"end":4080.06,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4075.2,"end":4075.28},{"text":"draft","start":4075.29,"end":4075.56},{"text":"articles","start":4075.56,"end":4075.99},{"text":"provide","start":4075.99,"end":4076.28},{"text":"a","start":4076.28,"end":4076.32},{"text":"substantial","start":4076.34,"end":4076.97},{"text":"thought","start":4077.28,"end":4077.61},{"text":"out","start":4077.61,"end":4077.9},{"text":"and","start":4077.98,"end":4078.14},{"text":"elaborate","start":4078.18,"end":4078.54},{"text":"basis","start":4078.55,"end":4079.01},{"text":"for","start":4079.17,"end":4079.33},{"text":"such","start":4079.33,"end":4079.5},{"text":"discussions","start":4079.5,"end":4080.06}]},{"text":"The Czech Republic expressed its positions on certain aspects of the draft articles in its previous statements.","start":4081.07,"end":4085.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4081.07,"end":4081.14},{"text":"Czech","start":4081.15,"end":4081.3},{"text":"Republic","start":4081.38,"end":4081.65},{"text":"expressed","start":4081.66,"end":4082.08},{"text":"its","start":4082.11,"end":4082.24},{"text":"positions","start":4082.25,"end":4082.74},{"text":"on","start":4082.77,"end":4082.9},{"text":"certain","start":4082.9,"end":4083.22},{"text":"aspects","start":4083.27,"end":4083.64},{"text":"of","start":4083.64,"end":4083.71},{"text":"the","start":4083.72,"end":4083.8},{"text":"draft","start":4083.81,"end":4084.13},{"text":"articles","start":4084.14,"end":4084.62},{"text":"in","start":4084.67,"end":4084.75},{"text":"its","start":4084.75,"end":4084.86},{"text":"previous","start":4084.87,"end":4085.26},{"text":"statements","start":4085.26,"end":4085.83}]},{"text":"We appreciate that the Commission confirmed the inclusion of draft Article 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Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4086.3,"end":4086.45},{"text":"appreciate","start":4086.45,"end":4086.91},{"text":"that","start":4086.92,"end":4087.02},{"text":"the","start":4087.03,"end":4087.11},{"text":"Commission","start":4087.11,"end":4087.52},{"text":"confirmed","start":4087.54,"end":4088.18},{"text":"the","start":4088.49,"end":4088.6},{"text":"inclusion","start":4088.6,"end":4089.04},{"text":"of","start":4089.06,"end":4089.16},{"text":"draft","start":4089.17,"end":4089.48},{"text":"Article","start":4089.48,"end":4089.82},{"text":"six","start":4089.82,"end":4090.2}]},{"text":"with an expanded list of crimes in respect of which immunity, ratione, materia shall not apply.","start":4090.61,"end":4095.68,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. 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Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4129.55,"end":4129.73},{"text":"connection","start":4129.73,"end":4130.19},{"text":"between","start":4130.3,"end":4130.62},{"text":"a","start":4130.62,"end":4130.67},{"text":"crime","start":4130.67,"end":4130.99},{"text":"of","start":4131.01,"end":4131.11},{"text":"an","start":4131.11,"end":4131.22},{"text":"individual","start":4131.23,"end":4131.72},{"text":"and","start":4132.05,"end":4132.21},{"text":"an","start":4132.23,"end":4132.35},{"text":"act","start":4132.35,"end":4132.6},{"text":"of","start":4132.68,"end":4132.79},{"text":"a","start":4132.79,"end":4132.86},{"text":"state","start":4132.86,"end":4133.27},{"text":"can","start":4133.7,"end":4133.86},{"text":"be","start":4133.86,"end":4133.95},{"text":"reflected","start":4133.95,"end":4134.5},{"text":"by","start":4134.51,"end":4134.71},{"text":"making","start":4134.71,"end":4135.04},{"text":"the","start":4135.04,"end":4135.13},{"text":"prosecution","start":4135.14,"end":4135.76},{"text":"of","start":4135.79,"end":4135.87},{"text":"the","start":4135.91,"end":4135.97},{"text":"crime","start":4135.97,"end":4136.28},{"text":"of","start":4136.28,"end":4136.39},{"text":"aggression","start":4136.41,"end":4136.86},{"text":"in","start":4136.97,"end":4137.1},{"text":"third","start":4137.11,"end":4137.31},{"text":"states","start":4137.31,"end":4137.71},{"text":"dependent","start":4137.75,"end":4138.38},{"text":"on","start":4138.71,"end":4138.86},{"text":"prior","start":4138.86,"end":4139.27},{"text":"determination","start":4139.29,"end":4140.11},{"text":"of","start":4140.14,"end":4140.27},{"text":"an","start":4140.27,"end":4140.39},{"text":"act","start":4140.42,"end":4140.56},{"text":"of","start":4140.57,"end":4140.66},{"text":"aggression","start":4140.67,"end":4141.14},{"text":"by","start":4141.33,"end":4141.57},{"text":"the","start":4141.57,"end":4141.67},{"text":"United","start":4141.67,"end":4142.07}]},{"text":"Nations Security Council or the United Nations General Assembly, as the case may be.","start":4142.09,"end":4146.4,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. 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Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":4147.89,"end":4148.11},{"text":"chair","start":4148.11,"end":4148.38},{"text":"finally","start":4148.57,"end":4149.11},{"text":"we","start":4149.17,"end":4149.27},{"text":"would","start":4149.27,"end":4149.35},{"text":"like","start":4149.35,"end":4149.49},{"text":"to","start":4149.49,"end":4149.6},{"text":"turn","start":4149.61,"end":4149.96},{"text":"to","start":4149.97,"end":4150.08},{"text":"the","start":4150.09,"end":4150.17},{"text":"draft","start":4150.18,"end":4150.52},{"text":"procedural","start":4150.52,"end":4150.99},{"text":"provisions","start":4150.99,"end":4151.58},{"text":"and","start":4151.65,"end":4151.77},{"text":"safeguards","start":4151.77,"end":4152.37},{"text":"in","start":4152.41,"end":4152.51},{"text":"part","start":4152.53,"end":4152.74},{"text":"four","start":4152.74,"end":4153.09},{"text":"which","start":4153.72,"end":4153.88},{"text":"we","start":4153.89,"end":4154.01},{"text":"commented","start":4154.01,"end":4154.56},{"text":"on","start":4154.65,"end":4154.95},{"text":"in","start":4155.08,"end":4155.24},{"text":"our","start":4155.28,"end":4155.42},{"text":"previous","start":4155.44,"end":4155.77},{"text":"statements","start":4155.77,"end":4156.34}]},{"text":"We appreciate the focus on and elaboration of certain aspects of procedure in these cases, including the emphasis on examination of immunity by the forum state, communication and consultation between the states concerned and the importance of fair treatment in the proceedings against foreign state officials.","start":4157,"end":4174.29,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4157,"end":4157.12},{"text":"appreciate","start":4157.13,"end":4157.68},{"text":"the","start":4157.68,"end":4157.78},{"text":"focus","start":4157.79,"end":4158.18},{"text":"on","start":4158.21,"end":4158.52},{"text":"and","start":4158.72,"end":4158.92},{"text":"elaboration","start":4158.96,"end":4159.48},{"text":"of","start":4159.52,"end":4159.78},{"text":"certain","start":4159.92,"end":4160.32},{"text":"aspects","start":4160.32,"end":4160.74},{"text":"of","start":4160.76,"end":4160.85},{"text":"procedure","start":4160.88,"end":4161.38},{"text":"in","start":4161.44,"end":4161.6},{"text":"these","start":4161.6,"end":4161.77},{"text":"cases","start":4161.77,"end":4162.25},{"text":"including","start":4162.8,"end":4163.27},{"text":"the","start":4163.29,"end":4163.43},{"text":"emphasis","start":4163.44,"end":4164},{"text":"on","start":4164.11,"end":4164.34},{"text":"examination","start":4164.41,"end":4165},{"text":"of","start":4165,"end":4165.11},{"text":"immunity","start":4165.12,"end":4165.51},{"text":"by","start":4165.52,"end":4165.69},{"text":"the","start":4165.69,"end":4165.78},{"text":"forum","start":4165.79,"end":4166.05},{"text":"state","start":4166.05,"end":4166.44},{"text":"communication","start":4166.83,"end":4167.55},{"text":"and","start":4167.55,"end":4167.67},{"text":"consultation","start":4167.68,"end":4168.13},{"text":"between","start":4168.3,"end":4168.61},{"text":"the","start":4168.61,"end":4168.66},{"text":"states","start":4168.68,"end":4168.96},{"text":"concerned","start":4168.97,"end":4169.5},{"text":"and","start":4170.14,"end":4170.29},{"text":"the","start":4170.29,"end":4170.42},{"text":"importance","start":4170.42,"end":4171.12},{"text":"of","start":4171.18,"end":4171.3},{"text":"fair","start":4171.31,"end":4171.5},{"text":"treatment","start":4171.54,"end":4172.14},{"text":"in","start":4172.26,"end":4172.36},{"text":"the","start":4172.37,"end":4172.43},{"text":"proceedings","start":4172.44,"end":4173.02},{"text":"against","start":4173.02,"end":4173.32},{"text":"foreign","start":4173.34,"end":4173.57},{"text":"state","start":4173.57,"end":4173.78},{"text":"officials","start":4173.78,"end":4174.29}]},{"text":"On the other hand, we took note of diverging diverging views on certain draft procedure articles expressed in previous discussions by the Commission and the sixth committee.","start":4175.27,"end":4184.32,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":4175.27,"end":4175.4},{"text":"the","start":4175.4,"end":4175.49},{"text":"other","start":4175.49,"end":4175.66},{"text":"hand","start":4175.66,"end":4175.94},{"text":"we","start":4176.08,"end":4176.18},{"text":"took","start":4176.18,"end":4176.35},{"text":"note","start":4176.35,"end":4176.63},{"text":"of","start":4176.66,"end":4176.78},{"text":"diverging","start":4176.81,"end":4177.38},{"text":"diverging","start":4177.38,"end":4177.97},{"text":"views","start":4177.98,"end":4178.42},{"text":"on","start":4178.67,"end":4178.79},{"text":"certain","start":4178.79,"end":4179.16},{"text":"draft","start":4179.17,"end":4179.43},{"text":"procedure","start":4179.43,"end":4179.79},{"text":"articles","start":4179.8,"end":4180.49},{"text":"expressed","start":4180.78,"end":4181.1},{"text":"in","start":4181.28,"end":4181.44},{"text":"previous","start":4181.44,"end":4181.8},{"text":"discussions","start":4181.81,"end":4182.46},{"text":"by","start":4182.5,"end":4182.7},{"text":"the","start":4182.7,"end":4182.78},{"text":"Commission","start":4182.78,"end":4183.28},{"text":"and","start":4183.42,"end":4183.55},{"text":"the","start":4183.55,"end":4183.64},{"text":"sixth","start":4183.64,"end":4183.91},{"text":"committee","start":4183.91,"end":4184.32}]},{"text":"We would also like to refer to our concerns with respect to this part of draft articles what we formulated in previous years.","start":4185.39,"end":4193.11,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4185.39,"end":4185.45},{"text":"would","start":4185.45,"end":4185.68},{"text":"also","start":4185.7,"end":4186.1},{"text":"like","start":4186.12,"end":4186.34},{"text":"to","start":4186.36,"end":4186.44},{"text":"refer","start":4186.44,"end":4186.81},{"text":"to","start":4186.82,"end":4187},{"text":"our","start":4187.03,"end":4187.19},{"text":"concerns","start":4187.2,"end":4187.78},{"text":"with","start":4187.78,"end":4187.9},{"text":"respect","start":4187.9,"end":4188.25},{"text":"to","start":4188.25,"end":4188.4},{"text":"this","start":4188.4,"end":4188.56},{"text":"part","start":4188.56,"end":4188.84},{"text":"of","start":4188.87,"end":4188.96},{"text":"draft","start":4188.96,"end":4189.26},{"text":"articles","start":4189.26,"end":4189.86},{"text":"what","start":4191.56,"end":4191.75},{"text":"we","start":4191.75,"end":4191.84},{"text":"formulated","start":4191.84,"end":4192.3},{"text":"in","start":4192.31,"end":4192.39},{"text":"previous","start":4192.4,"end":4192.73},{"text":"years","start":4192.73,"end":4193.11}]},{"text":"The existing practice in this area is based on national laws on criminal procedure and treaties on international judicial cooperation in criminal matters, which provide for the prosecution of crimes committed by state officials.","start":4193.9,"end":4205.4,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4193.9,"end":4194.02},{"text":"existing","start":4194.02,"end":4194.42},{"text":"practice","start":4194.44,"end":4194.9},{"text":"in","start":4194.93,"end":4195.05},{"text":"this","start":4195.05,"end":4195.22},{"text":"area","start":4195.22,"end":4195.58},{"text":"is","start":4195.74,"end":4195.94},{"text":"based","start":4195.94,"end":4196.34},{"text":"on","start":4196.42,"end":4196.58},{"text":"national","start":4196.58,"end":4196.9},{"text":"laws","start":4196.9,"end":4197.27},{"text":"on","start":4197.31,"end":4197.42},{"text":"criminal","start":4197.42,"end":4197.71},{"text":"procedure","start":4197.72,"end":4198.26},{"text":"and","start":4198.34,"end":4198.49},{"text":"treaties","start":4198.49,"end":4198.94},{"text":"on","start":4198.98,"end":4199.17},{"text":"international","start":4199.22,"end":4199.71},{"text":"judicial","start":4199.71,"end":4200},{"text":"cooperation","start":4200.01,"end":4200.67},{"text":"in","start":4200.7,"end":4200.8},{"text":"criminal","start":4200.82,"end":4201.08},{"text":"matters","start":4201.1,"end":4201.49},{"text":"which","start":4201.94,"end":4202.14},{"text":"provide","start":4202.14,"end":4202.62},{"text":"for","start":4202.62,"end":4202.88},{"text":"the","start":4202.88,"end":4202.97},{"text":"prosecution","start":4202.98,"end":4203.57},{"text":"of","start":4203.57,"end":4203.67},{"text":"crimes","start":4203.68,"end":4204.1},{"text":"committed","start":4204.13,"end":4204.49},{"text":"by","start":4204.5,"end":4204.68},{"text":"state","start":4204.69,"end":4204.94},{"text":"officials","start":4204.94,"end":4205.4}]},{"text":"In our opinion, the relationship of draft procedural provisions to those treaties is not clarified enough and requires further consideration.","start":4206.14,"end":4213.91,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4206.14,"end":4206.24},{"text":"our","start":4206.24,"end":4206.34},{"text":"opinion","start":4206.34,"end":4206.89},{"text":"the","start":4207.16,"end":4207.26},{"text":"relationship","start":4207.6,"end":4207.82},{"text":"of","start":4207.84,"end":4207.96},{"text":"draft","start":4207.96,"end":4208.28},{"text":"procedural","start":4208.32,"end":4208.73},{"text":"provisions","start":4208.73,"end":4209.3},{"text":"to","start":4209.34,"end":4209.46},{"text":"those","start":4209.46,"end":4209.64},{"text":"treaties","start":4209.65,"end":4210.22},{"text":"is","start":4210.56,"end":4210.69},{"text":"not","start":4210.7,"end":4210.88},{"text":"clarified","start":4210.88,"end":4211.37},{"text":"enough","start":4211.4,"end":4211.81},{"text":"and","start":4212.22,"end":4212.35},{"text":"requires","start":4212.35,"end":4212.81},{"text":"further","start":4212.81,"end":4213.12},{"text":"consideration","start":4213.12,"end":4213.91}]},{"text":"Therefore, at least at this stage, we maintain our view that the draft articles, namely procedural, provisions in part four should rather remain in their non-binding form.","start":4214.68,"end":4224.09,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore","start":4214.68,"end":4215.12},{"text":"at","start":4215.38,"end":4215.53},{"text":"least","start":4215.53,"end":4215.73},{"text":"at","start":4215.74,"end":4215.84},{"text":"this","start":4215.85,"end":4216},{"text":"stage","start":4216,"end":4216.43},{"text":"we","start":4216.82,"end":4216.96},{"text":"maintain","start":4216.96,"end":4217.35},{"text":"our","start":4217.36,"end":4217.53},{"text":"view","start":4217.53,"end":4217.85},{"text":"that","start":4218.08,"end":4218.16},{"text":"the","start":4218.2,"end":4218.28},{"text":"draft","start":4218.29,"end":4218.61},{"text":"articles","start":4218.61,"end":4219.18},{"text":"namely","start":4219.34,"end":4219.64},{"text":"procedural","start":4219.65,"end":4220.05},{"text":"provisions","start":4220.15,"end":4220.57},{"text":"in","start":4220.58,"end":4220.68},{"text":"part","start":4220.7,"end":4220.9},{"text":"four","start":4220.9,"end":4221.23},{"text":"should","start":4221.59,"end":4221.81},{"text":"rather","start":4221.81,"end":4222.1},{"text":"remain","start":4222.14,"end":4222.51},{"text":"in","start":4222.64,"end":4222.75},{"text":"their","start":4222.76,"end":4223.04},{"text":"non-binding","start":4223.13,"end":4223.72},{"text":"form","start":4223.74,"end":4224.09}]},{"text":"Madam chair, now I would like to present our observations on the topic general principles of law.","start":4225.34,"end":4230.14,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":4225.34,"end":4225.54},{"text":"chair","start":4225.54,"end":4225.83},{"text":"now","start":4226.26,"end":4226.49},{"text":"I","start":4226.5,"end":4226.61},{"text":"would","start":4226.61,"end":4226.73},{"text":"like","start":4226.74,"end":4226.87},{"text":"to","start":4226.9,"end":4226.98},{"text":"present","start":4226.99,"end":4227.37},{"text":"our","start":4227.42,"end":4227.54},{"text":"observations","start":4227.54,"end":4228.28},{"text":"on","start":4228.36,"end":4228.47},{"text":"the","start":4228.47,"end":4228.55},{"text":"topic","start":4228.55,"end":4228.93},{"text":"general","start":4228.98,"end":4229.29},{"text":"principles","start":4229.3,"end":4229.77},{"text":"of","start":4229.8,"end":4229.9},{"text":"law","start":4229.9,"end":4230.14}]},{"text":"The Czech Republic welcomes the adoption of draft conclusions by the Commission on second reading and expresses its appreciation and gratitude to Commission and the special rapporteur, Mr. Marcelo Vasquez Bermudes, for their work over several years.","start":4231.05,"end":4243.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4231.05,"end":4231.14},{"text":"Czech","start":4231.14,"end":4231.32},{"text":"Republic","start":4231.37,"end":4231.64},{"text":"welcomes","start":4231.65,"end":4232.09},{"text":"the","start":4232.11,"end":4232.22},{"text":"adoption","start":4232.22,"end":4232.58},{"text":"of","start":4232.62,"end":4232.74},{"text":"draft","start":4232.74,"end":4233},{"text":"conclusions","start":4233,"end":4233.59},{"text":"by","start":4233.65,"end":4233.84},{"text":"the","start":4233.85,"end":4233.93},{"text":"Commission","start":4233.93,"end":4234.42},{"text":"on","start":4234.82,"end":4234.94},{"text":"second","start":4234.94,"end":4235.27},{"text":"reading","start":4235.27,"end":4235.69},{"text":"and","start":4235.77,"end":4235.9},{"text":"expresses","start":4235.9,"end":4236.37},{"text":"its","start":4236.39,"end":4236.4},{"text":"appreciation","start":4236.4,"end":4237.19},{"text":"and","start":4237.21,"end":4237.35},{"text":"gratitude","start":4237.35,"end":4237.9},{"text":"to","start":4238.25,"end":4238.36},{"text":"Commission","start":4238.37,"end":4238.8},{"text":"and","start":4238.83,"end":4238.96},{"text":"the","start":4238.96,"end":4239.03},{"text":"special","start":4239.05,"end":4239.33},{"text":"rapporteur","start":4239.33,"end":4239.93},{"text":"Mr","start":4240.25,"end":4240.51},{"text":"Marcelo","start":4240.51,"end":4240.88},{"text":"Vasquez","start":4240.88,"end":4241.2},{"text":"Bermudes","start":4241.21,"end":4241.75},{"text":"for","start":4242.2,"end":4242.35},{"text":"their","start":4242.37,"end":4242.53},{"text":"work","start":4242.53,"end":4242.81},{"text":"over","start":4242.85,"end":4243.1},{"text":"several","start":4243.1,"end":4243.41},{"text":"years","start":4243.41,"end":4243.77}]},{"text":"The Czech Republic considers general principles of law to be an established source of international law within the meaning of Article 38, paragraph 1C of the statute of the International Court of Justice.","start":4244.7,"end":4254.91,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4244.7,"end":4244.8},{"text":"Czech","start":4244.82,"end":4244.99},{"text":"Republic","start":4245.1,"end":4245.33},{"text":"considers","start":4245.33,"end":4245.73},{"text":"general","start":4245.73,"end":4246.01},{"text":"principles","start":4246.02,"end":4246.47},{"text":"of","start":4246.47,"end":4246.57},{"text":"law","start":4246.59,"end":4246.8},{"text":"to","start":4246.81,"end":4246.96},{"text":"be","start":4246.96,"end":4247.1},{"text":"an","start":4247.1,"end":4247.19},{"text":"established","start":4247.27,"end":4247.8},{"text":"source","start":4247.8,"end":4248.25},{"text":"of","start":4248.51,"end":4248.67},{"text":"international","start":4248.71,"end":4249.27},{"text":"law","start":4249.27,"end":4249.53},{"text":"within","start":4249.55,"end":4249.79},{"text":"the","start":4249.83,"end":4249.9},{"text":"meaning","start":4249.9,"end":4250.25},{"text":"of","start":4250.25,"end":4250.38},{"text":"Article","start":4250.39,"end":4250.71},{"text":"38","start":4251.03,"end":4251.32},{"text":"paragraph","start":4251.55,"end":4251.99},{"text":"1C","start":4251.99,"end":4252.51},{"text":"of","start":4252.63,"end":4252.79},{"text":"the","start":4252.81,"end":4252.88},{"text":"statute","start":4252.89,"end":4253.31},{"text":"of","start":4253.35,"end":4253.45},{"text":"the","start":4253.45,"end":4253.58},{"text":"International","start":4253.6,"end":4254.08},{"text":"Court","start":4254.08,"end":4254.31},{"text":"of","start":4254.31,"end":4254.39},{"text":"Justice","start":4254.4,"end":4254.91}]},{"text":"We therefore welcome the Commission's effort to clarify the methodology for the identification and application.","start":4255.75,"end":4262.18,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4255.75,"end":4255.88},{"text":"therefore","start":4255.88,"end":4256.19},{"text":"welcome","start":4256.21,"end":4256.67},{"text":"the","start":4256.79,"end":4256.91},{"text":"Commission's","start":4256.91,"end":4257.35},{"text":"effort","start":4257.44,"end":4257.76},{"text":"to","start":4257.79,"end":4257.88},{"text":"clarify","start":4257.91,"end":4258.58},{"text":"the","start":4258.84,"end":4258.95},{"text":"methodology","start":4258.97,"end":4259.57},{"text":"for","start":4259.57,"end":4259.84},{"text":"the","start":4259.85,"end":4260.01},{"text":"identification","start":4260.07,"end":4261.24},{"text":"and","start":4261.45,"end":4261.6},{"text":"application","start":4261.61,"end":4262.18}]},{"text":"In particular, we support the commission's confirmation that the identification of general principles of law derived from national legal systems requires first, the ascertainment of a principle coming to the various legal systems of the world, and second, an assessment of its applicability within the international legal system.","start":4263.13,"end":4282.9,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4263.13,"end":4263.22},{"text":"particular","start":4263.22,"end":4263.81},{"text":"we","start":4264.24,"end":4264.34},{"text":"support","start":4264.34,"end":4264.77},{"text":"the","start":4264.81,"end":4264.89},{"text":"commission's","start":4264.89,"end":4265.29},{"text":"confirmation","start":4265.3,"end":4266.09},{"text":"that","start":4266.29,"end":4266.43},{"text":"the","start":4266.43,"end":4266.57},{"text":"identification","start":4266.65,"end":4267.45},{"text":"of","start":4267.45,"end":4267.57},{"text":"general","start":4267.59,"end":4267.86},{"text":"principles","start":4267.89,"end":4268.4},{"text":"of","start":4268.41,"end":4268.51},{"text":"law","start":4268.51,"end":4268.76},{"text":"derived","start":4269.33,"end":4269.78},{"text":"from","start":4269.78,"end":4270.01},{"text":"national","start":4270.03,"end":4270.04},{"text":"legal","start":4270.04,"end":4270.56},{"text":"systems","start":4270.57,"end":4271.17},{"text":"requires","start":4271.49,"end":4271.98},{"text":"first","start":4272.32,"end":4272.71},{"text":"the","start":4272.91,"end":4273.06},{"text":"ascertainment","start":4273.07,"end":4273.83},{"text":"of","start":4273.88,"end":4273.99},{"text":"a","start":4273.99,"end":4274.04},{"text":"principle","start":4274.05,"end":4274.48},{"text":"coming","start":4274.51,"end":4274.82},{"text":"to","start":4274.83,"end":4274.92},{"text":"the","start":4274.93,"end":4275.03},{"text":"various","start":4275.04,"end":4275.42},{"text":"legal","start":4275.42,"end":4275.63},{"text":"systems","start":4275.63,"end":4276.03},{"text":"of","start":4276.04,"end":4276.15},{"text":"the","start":4276.16,"end":4276.25},{"text":"world","start":4276.25,"end":4276.5},{"text":"and","start":4277.2,"end":4277.47},{"text":"second","start":4277.67,"end":4278.18},{"text":"an","start":4278.64,"end":4278.75},{"text":"assessment","start":4278.75,"end":4279.39},{"text":"of","start":4279.74,"end":4279.86},{"text":"its","start":4279.86,"end":4280.02},{"text":"applicability","start":4280.03,"end":4280.76},{"text":"within","start":4281.08,"end":4281.33},{"text":"the","start":4281.35,"end":4281.43},{"text":"international","start":4281.45,"end":4282.11},{"text":"legal","start":4282.23,"end":4282.51},{"text":"system","start":4282.51,"end":4282.9}]},{"text":"This two step approach reflects the traditional understanding of general principles of law and provides useful guidance for practice.","start":4283.67,"end":4290.79,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4283.67,"end":4283.86},{"text":"two","start":4283.87,"end":4284.01},{"text":"step","start":4284.01,"end":4284.24},{"text":"approach","start":4284.25,"end":4284.78},{"text":"reflects","start":4285.03,"end":4285.41},{"text":"the","start":4285.41,"end":4285.51},{"text":"traditional","start":4285.51,"end":4286.04},{"text":"understanding","start":4286.04,"end":4286.74},{"text":"of","start":4286.85,"end":4286.98},{"text":"general","start":4286.98,"end":4287.25},{"text":"principles","start":4287.26,"end":4287.74},{"text":"of","start":4287.74,"end":4287.88},{"text":"law","start":4287.88,"end":4288.11},{"text":"and","start":4288.56,"end":4288.67},{"text":"provides","start":4288.68,"end":4289.25},{"text":"useful","start":4289.3,"end":4289.65},{"text":"guidance","start":4289.65,"end":4290.11},{"text":"for","start":4290.14,"end":4290.29},{"text":"practice","start":4290.31,"end":4290.79}]},{"text":"At the same time, the Czech Republic would like to reiterate certain observations that it has made throughout the Commission's consideration of this topic first with regard to draft conclusion five we remain unconvinced that a wide and representative comparative analysis should be regarded as a necessary requirement in every case.","start":4291.73,"end":4310.91,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":4291.73,"end":4291.83},{"text":"the","start":4291.83,"end":4291.9},{"text":"same","start":4291.9,"end":4292.09},{"text":"time","start":4292.12,"end":4292.44},{"text":"the","start":4292.54,"end":4292.65},{"text":"Czech","start":4292.67,"end":4292.83},{"text":"Republic","start":4292.93,"end":4293.17},{"text":"would","start":4293.18,"end":4293.29},{"text":"like","start":4293.29,"end":4293.45},{"text":"to","start":4293.48,"end":4293.57},{"text":"reiterate","start":4293.61,"end":4294.28},{"text":"certain","start":4294.41,"end":4294.81},{"text":"observations","start":4294.81,"end":4295.6},{"text":"that","start":4295.93,"end":4296.08},{"text":"it","start":4296.13,"end":4296.21},{"text":"has","start":4296.21,"end":4296.36},{"text":"made","start":4296.37,"end":4296.6},{"text":"throughout","start":4296.6,"end":4297.01},{"text":"the","start":4297.04,"end":4297.13},{"text":"Commission's","start":4297.13,"end":4297.57},{"text":"consideration","start":4297.58,"end":4298.31},{"text":"of","start":4298.35,"end":4298.47},{"text":"this","start":4298.47,"end":4298.63},{"text":"topic","start":4298.63,"end":4299.01},{"text":"first","start":4299.93,"end":4300.38},{"text":"with","start":4300.75,"end":4300.9},{"text":"regard","start":4300.9,"end":4301.24},{"text":"to","start":4301.27,"end":4301.4},{"text":"draft","start":4301.43,"end":4301.73},{"text":"conclusion","start":4301.73,"end":4302.16},{"text":"five","start":4302.17,"end":4302.61},{"text":"we","start":4303.23,"end":4303.35},{"text":"remain","start":4303.36,"end":4303.72},{"text":"unconvinced","start":4303.91,"end":4304.67},{"text":"that","start":4305.05,"end":4305.22},{"text":"a","start":4305.23,"end":4305.31},{"text":"wide","start":4305.31,"end":4305.65},{"text":"and","start":4305.65,"end":4305.85},{"text":"representative","start":4305.85,"end":4306.47},{"text":"comparative","start":4306.5,"end":4306.96},{"text":"analysis","start":4306.99,"end":4307.59},{"text":"should","start":4307.95,"end":4308.11},{"text":"be","start":4308.12,"end":4308.26},{"text":"regarded","start":4308.26,"end":4308.77},{"text":"as","start":4308.83,"end":4308.98},{"text":"a","start":4308.98,"end":4309.02},{"text":"necessary","start":4309.03,"end":4309.47},{"text":"requirement","start":4309.51,"end":4310.07},{"text":"in","start":4310.15,"end":4310.31},{"text":"every","start":4310.31,"end":4310.55},{"text":"case","start":4310.56,"end":4310.91}]},{"text":"A number of well-established principles of law have long been recognized in international legal practice and jurisprudence.","start":4311.9,"end":4318.79,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":4311.9,"end":4311.99},{"text":"number","start":4312.02,"end":4312.35},{"text":"of","start":4312.38,"end":4312.64},{"text":"well-established","start":4312.66,"end":4313.34},{"text":"principles","start":4313.34,"end":4314.1},{"text":"of","start":4314.11,"end":4314.23},{"text":"law","start":4314.24,"end":4314.49},{"text":"have","start":4314.96,"end":4315.14},{"text":"long","start":4315.16,"end":4315.4},{"text":"been","start":4315.4,"end":4315.7},{"text":"recognized","start":4315.78,"end":4316.42},{"text":"in","start":4316.5,"end":4316.64},{"text":"international","start":4316.66,"end":4317.22},{"text":"legal","start":4317.22,"end":4317.44},{"text":"practice","start":4317.44,"end":4317.89},{"text":"and","start":4317.9,"end":4318.03},{"text":"jurisprudence","start":4318.03,"end":4318.79}]},{"text":"Their identification is not necessarily the result of an ad hoc comparative exercise but rather of a long and well established legal development.","start":4319.49,"end":4327.36,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Their","start":4319.49,"end":4319.68},{"text":"identification","start":4319.89,"end":4320.59},{"text":"is","start":4320.8,"end":4320.96},{"text":"not","start":4320.97,"end":4321.16},{"text":"necessarily","start":4321.17,"end":4321.75},{"text":"the","start":4321.79,"end":4321.86},{"text":"result","start":4321.91,"end":4322.27},{"text":"of","start":4322.34,"end":4322.46},{"text":"an","start":4322.46,"end":4322.59},{"text":"ad","start":4322.6,"end":4322.81},{"text":"hoc","start":4322.82,"end":4322.91},{"text":"comparative","start":4322.92,"end":4323.4},{"text":"exercise","start":4323.4,"end":4323.91},{"text":"but","start":4324.42,"end":4324.6},{"text":"rather","start":4324.6,"end":4324.91},{"text":"of","start":4324.96,"end":4325.1},{"text":"a","start":4325.1,"end":4325.15},{"text":"long","start":4325.16,"end":4325.43},{"text":"and","start":4325.55,"end":4325.68},{"text":"well","start":4325.68,"end":4325.86},{"text":"established","start":4325.86,"end":4326.4},{"text":"legal","start":4326.44,"end":4326.78},{"text":"development","start":4326.82,"end":4327.36}]},{"text":"Second, we note that the Commission has retained the category of general principles of law that may be formed within the international legal system.","start":4328.64,"end":4336.76,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Second","start":4328.64,"end":4329.11},{"text":"we","start":4329.55,"end":4329.65},{"text":"note","start":4329.65,"end":4329.96},{"text":"that","start":4330.04,"end":4330.16},{"text":"the","start":4330.18,"end":4330.28},{"text":"Commission","start":4330.28,"end":4330.68},{"text":"has","start":4330.68,"end":4330.83},{"text":"retained","start":4330.84,"end":4331.44},{"text":"the","start":4331.71,"end":4331.83},{"text":"category","start":4331.84,"end":4332.31},{"text":"of","start":4332.32,"end":4332.45},{"text":"general","start":4332.45,"end":4332.73},{"text":"principles","start":4332.76,"end":4333.22},{"text":"of","start":4333.22,"end":4333.38},{"text":"law","start":4333.39,"end":4333.65},{"text":"that","start":4334.01,"end":4334.16},{"text":"may","start":4334.16,"end":4334.29},{"text":"be","start":4334.29,"end":4334.43},{"text":"formed","start":4334.44,"end":4334.81},{"text":"within","start":4334.84,"end":4335.09},{"text":"the","start":4335.1,"end":4335.24},{"text":"international","start":4335.28,"end":4335.96},{"text":"legal","start":4336.07,"end":4336.34},{"text":"system","start":4336.34,"end":4336.76}]},{"text":"While we while we acknowledge the commission's effort to clarify this concept, the Czech Republic continues to hold the view that general principles of law within the meaning of Article 38 paragraph one c derive from national legal systems.","start":4337.46,"end":4349.87,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":4337.46,"end":4337.62},{"text":"we","start":4337.62,"end":4337.74},{"text":"while","start":4338.14,"end":4338.36},{"text":"we","start":4338.36,"end":4338.49},{"text":"acknowledge","start":4338.49,"end":4339.01},{"text":"the","start":4339.14,"end":4339.23},{"text":"commission's","start":4339.23,"end":4339.66},{"text":"effort","start":4339.7,"end":4340},{"text":"to","start":4340.06,"end":4340.18},{"text":"clarify","start":4340.18,"end":4340.71},{"text":"this","start":4340.71,"end":4340.86},{"text":"concept","start":4340.86,"end":4341.34},{"text":"the","start":4341.78,"end":4341.9},{"text":"Czech","start":4341.9,"end":4342.09},{"text":"Republic","start":4342.16,"end":4342.4},{"text":"continues","start":4342.42,"end":4342.89},{"text":"to","start":4342.89,"end":4342.98},{"text":"hold","start":4343.01,"end":4343.26},{"text":"the","start":4343.26,"end":4343.32},{"text":"view","start":4343.32,"end":4343.63},{"text":"that","start":4344.02,"end":4344.14},{"text":"general","start":4344.17,"end":4344.43},{"text":"principles","start":4344.44,"end":4344.9},{"text":"of","start":4344.91,"end":4345.03},{"text":"law","start":4345.03,"end":4345.22},{"text":"within","start":4345.25,"end":4345.5},{"text":"the","start":4345.52,"end":4345.58},{"text":"meaning","start":4345.58,"end":4345.9},{"text":"of","start":4345.92,"end":4346.05},{"text":"Article","start":4346.06,"end":4346.42},{"text":"38","start":4346.78,"end":4347},{"text":"paragraph","start":4347.02,"end":4347.42},{"text":"one","start":4347.42,"end":4347.59},{"text":"c","start":4347.59,"end":4347.91},{"text":"derive","start":4348.38,"end":4348.71},{"text":"from","start":4348.74,"end":4348.9},{"text":"national","start":4348.93,"end":4349.27},{"text":"legal","start":4349.28,"end":4349.46},{"text":"systems","start":4349.47,"end":4349.87}]},{"text":"and are subsequently transposed to the international legal order.","start":4350.31,"end":4353.6,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":4350.31,"end":4350.43},{"text":"are","start":4350.44,"end":4350.56},{"text":"subsequently","start":4350.58,"end":4351.17},{"text":"transposed","start":4351.18,"end":4351.81},{"text":"to","start":4352.09,"end":4352.2},{"text":"the","start":4352.22,"end":4352.35},{"text":"international","start":4352.36,"end":4352.96},{"text":"legal","start":4353.05,"end":4353.28},{"text":"order","start":4353.3,"end":4353.6}]},{"text":"In our view, sufficient state practice, jurisprudence and doctrinal support haven't been demonstrated to establish the existence of general principles of law formed within the international legal system.","start":4354.59,"end":4365.37,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4354.59,"end":4354.67},{"text":"our","start":4354.68,"end":4354.76},{"text":"view","start":4354.76,"end":4355.22},{"text":"sufficient","start":4355.62,"end":4356.08},{"text":"state","start":4356.08,"end":4356.33},{"text":"practice","start":4356.36,"end":4356.91},{"text":"jurisprudence","start":4357.03,"end":4357.87},{"text":"and","start":4358.05,"end":4358.18},{"text":"doctrinal","start":4358.2,"end":4358.56},{"text":"support","start":4358.58,"end":4359.12},{"text":"haven't","start":4359.47,"end":4359.68},{"text":"been","start":4359.69,"end":4359.88},{"text":"demonstrated","start":4359.88,"end":4360.72},{"text":"to","start":4361.02,"end":4361.16},{"text":"establish","start":4361.16,"end":4361.58},{"text":"the","start":4361.6,"end":4361.72},{"text":"existence","start":4361.73,"end":4362.26},{"text":"of","start":4362.28,"end":4362.4},{"text":"general","start":4362.4,"end":4362.61},{"text":"principles","start":4362.62,"end":4363.09},{"text":"of","start":4363.1,"end":4363.23},{"text":"law","start":4363.23,"end":4363.38},{"text":"formed","start":4363.38,"end":4363.83},{"text":"within","start":4363.9,"end":4364.14},{"text":"the","start":4364.15,"end":4364.26},{"text":"international","start":4364.3,"end":4364.81},{"text":"legal","start":4364.81,"end":4364.98},{"text":"system","start":4364.98,"end":4365.37}]},{"text":"We also remain concerned that such an approach may blur the distinction between general principles of law and other sources of international law, in particular customer international.","start":4366.39,"end":4375.89,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. 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They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4396.03,"end":4396.19},{"text":"follows","start":4396.2,"end":4396.48},{"text":"from","start":4396.5,"end":4396.66},{"text":"highly","start":4396.67,"end":4396.94},{"text":"general","start":4396.94,"end":4397.32},{"text":"and","start":4397.43,"end":4397.58},{"text":"abstract","start":4397.59,"end":4397.99},{"text":"level","start":4397.99,"end":4398.22},{"text":"of","start":4398.27,"end":4398.39},{"text":"their","start":4398.39,"end":4398.54},{"text":"content","start":4398.55,"end":4399.05},{"text":"which","start":4399.37,"end":4399.54},{"text":"also","start":4399.55,"end":4399.84},{"text":"means","start":4399.84,"end":4400.23},{"text":"that","start":4400.41,"end":4400.56},{"text":"their","start":4400.56,"end":4400.69},{"text":"primary","start":4400.71,"end":4401.08},{"text":"function","start":4401.08,"end":4401.51},{"text":"is","start":4401.59,"end":4401.72},{"text":"filling","start":4401.73,"end":4401.97},{"text":"possible","start":4401.98,"end":4402.37},{"text":"gaps","start":4402.37,"end":4402.79},{"text":"in","start":4403.03,"end":4403.15},{"text":"international","start":4403.17,"end":4403.69},{"text":"law","start":4403.69,"end":4403.88}]},{"text":"The Czech Republic supports the recommendation of the international law commission that the general assembly take note of the draft conclusions and ensure their widest possible dissemination.","start":4404.9,"end":4413.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4404.9,"end":4404.99},{"text":"Czech","start":4404.99,"end":4405.15},{"text":"Republic","start":4405.23,"end":4405.45},{"text":"supports","start":4405.45,"end":4405.93},{"text":"the","start":4405.93,"end":4405.97},{"text":"recommendation","start":4405.97,"end":4406.73},{"text":"of","start":4406.81,"end":4406.89},{"text":"the","start":4406.91,"end":4407.07},{"text":"international","start":4407.07,"end":4407.58},{"text":"law","start":4407.58,"end":4407.7},{"text":"commission","start":4407.7,"end":4408.27},{"text":"that","start":4408.54,"end":4408.68},{"text":"the","start":4408.68,"end":4408.75},{"text":"general","start":4408.77,"end":4409.04},{"text":"assembly","start":4409.05,"end":4409.37},{"text":"take","start":4409.43,"end":4409.64},{"text":"note","start":4409.64,"end":4409.97},{"text":"of","start":4410.23,"end":4410.33},{"text":"the","start":4410.33,"end":4410.41},{"text":"draft","start":4410.42,"end":4410.69},{"text":"conclusions","start":4410.7,"end":4411.37},{"text":"and","start":4411.41,"end":4411.58},{"text":"ensure","start":4411.65,"end":4412.04},{"text":"their","start":4412.05,"end":4412.25},{"text":"widest","start":4412.27,"end":4412.69},{"text":"possible","start":4412.71,"end":4413.09},{"text":"dissemination","start":4413.1,"end":4413.73}]},{"text":"At the same time, we consider it appropriate to continue the scholarly and intergovernmental discussion on certain aspects of the draft conclusions, in particular with regard to the identification of general principles of law that may be formed within the international legal system and their distinction from other sources of international law.","start":4414.45,"end":4432.11,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. 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chair, finally, we would like also to comment briefly on other decisions and conclusions of the commission.","start":4433.29,"end":4438.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":4433.29,"end":4433.49},{"text":"chair","start":4433.49,"end":4433.77},{"text":"finally","start":4434.17,"end":4434.65},{"text":"we","start":4434.9,"end":4435.01},{"text":"would","start":4435.01,"end":4435.13},{"text":"like","start":4435.14,"end":4435.33},{"text":"also","start":4435.35,"end":4435.81},{"text":"to","start":4435.89,"end":4436.02},{"text":"comment","start":4436.05,"end":4436.31},{"text":"briefly","start":4436.31,"end":4436.65},{"text":"on","start":4436.69,"end":4436.86},{"text":"other","start":4436.93,"end":4437.1},{"text":"decisions","start":4437.13,"end":4437.59},{"text":"and","start":4437.66,"end":4437.77},{"text":"conclusions","start":4437.78,"end":4438.29},{"text":"of","start":4438.29,"end":4438.38},{"text":"the","start":4438.39,"end":4438.46},{"text":"commission","start":4438.46,"end":4438.93}]},{"text":"We note with satisfaction that the Commission decided to include the topic identification and legal consequences of obligations erga omnis in international law and its programme of work, and congratulate Mr. Masahiko Asada for his appointment as special rapporteur.","start":4439.77,"end":4454.42,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4439.77,"end":4439.89},{"text":"note","start":4439.89,"end":4440.05},{"text":"with","start":4440.05,"end":4440.2},{"text":"satisfaction","start":4440.21,"end":4440.74},{"text":"that","start":4441.12,"end":4441.23},{"text":"the","start":4441.23,"end":4441.29},{"text":"Commission","start":4441.29,"end":4441.66},{"text":"decided","start":4441.67,"end":4442.08},{"text":"to","start":4442.1,"end":4442.21},{"text":"include","start":4442.23,"end":4442.63},{"text":"the","start":4442.84,"end":4442.95},{"text":"topic","start":4442.96,"end":4443.35},{"text":"identification","start":4443.49,"end":4444.29},{"text":"and","start":4444.31,"end":4444.47},{"text":"legal","start":4444.47,"end":4444.75},{"text":"consequences","start":4444.75,"end":4445.55},{"text":"of","start":4445.81,"end":4445.95},{"text":"obligations","start":4445.95,"end":4446.51},{"text":"erga","start":4446.55,"end":4446.82},{"text":"omnis","start":4446.83,"end":4447.15},{"text":"in","start":4447.19,"end":4447.39},{"text":"international","start":4447.39,"end":4447.87},{"text":"law","start":4447.88,"end":4448.14},{"text":"and","start":4448.51,"end":4448.61},{"text":"its","start":4448.61,"end":4448.71},{"text":"programme","start":4448.72,"end":4449.07},{"text":"of","start":4449.1,"end":4449.22},{"text":"work","start":4449.26,"end":4449.59},{"text":"and","start":4450.16,"end":4450.27},{"text":"congratulate","start":4450.47,"end":4451.09},{"text":"Mr","start":4451.11,"end":4451.35},{"text":"Masahiko","start":4451.35,"end":4451.79},{"text":"Asada","start":4451.79,"end":4452.2},{"text":"for","start":4452.47,"end":4452.66},{"text":"his","start":4452.67,"end":4452.79},{"text":"appointment","start":4452.79,"end":4453.4},{"text":"as","start":4453.41,"end":4453.58},{"text":"special","start":4453.58,"end":4453.86},{"text":"rapporteur","start":4453.88,"end":4454.42}]},{"text":"This topic is becoming a subject of increased relevance in the practice of states and in case law of international 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believe that consideration of this topic will clarify the nature and legal consequences of of such obligations, including the relationship with ius cogens and with obligations erga omnis partis.","start":4462.06,"end":4473.07,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. 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The proposed work would clarify legal uncertainties and the balance between investment protection, economic sovereignty and sustainable development."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4489.17,"end":4489.3},{"text":"inclusion","start":4489.3,"end":4489.74},{"text":"of","start":4489.74,"end":4489.83},{"text":"this","start":4489.83,"end":4489.97},{"text":"topic","start":4489.97,"end":4490.34},{"text":"reflects","start":4490.34,"end":4490.73},{"text":"the","start":4490.74,"end":4490.82},{"text":"dynamic","start":4490.83,"end":4491.3},{"text":"evolution","start":4491.3,"end":4491.79},{"text":"of","start":4491.82,"end":4491.93},{"text":"the","start":4491.94,"end":4492.03},{"text":"law","start":4492.04,"end":4492.22},{"text":"and","start":4492.24,"end":4492.37},{"text":"practice","start":4492.37,"end":4492.67},{"text":"in","start":4492.96,"end":4493.1},{"text":"international","start":4493.14,"end":4493.68},{"text":"investment","start":4493.68,"end":4494.13},{"text":"law","start":4494.13,"end":4494.39},{"text":"and","start":4494.69,"end":4494.84},{"text":"possible","start":4494.84,"end":4495.21},{"text":"imbalances","start":4495.24,"end":4496.03},{"text":"caused","start":4496.16,"end":4496.44},{"text":"by","start":4496.48,"end":4496.64},{"text":"these","start":4496.65,"end":4496.82},{"text":"developments","start":4496.82,"end":4497.43}]},{"text":"Consideration of this topic in the future should clarify uncertainties in the international investment law and provide guidance on how to balance investment protection on one hand and state economic sovereignty on the other.","start":4498.21,"end":4509.51,"topics":[{"key":"investment-regulatory-rights","label":"Right to Regulate in International Investment Law","description":"Several delegations supported examining states’ right to regulate under international investment law. 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know that suggested scope of questions and issues the and issues the Commission might address is rather extensive and could be further specified if the Commission decides to include these topics in its program of 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you Madam Chair.","start":4521.62,"end":4522.28,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4521.62,"end":4521.82},{"text":"you","start":4521.82,"end":4521.89},{"text":"Madam","start":4521.89,"end":4522.09},{"text":"Chair","start":4522.09,"end":4522.28}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"CZE","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Czechia"}},{"statement_number":19,"start":4524.62,"pageUrl":"/es/ga/c6/81/31?lang=floor&t=1:15:25","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I think the distinguished representative of Czechia for his statement.","start":4524.62,"end":4528.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4524.62,"end":4524.78},{"text":"think","start":4524.78,"end":4525.07},{"text":"the","start":4525.08,"end":4525.2},{"text":"distinguished","start":4525.2,"end":4525.68},{"text":"representative","start":4525.7,"end":4526.45},{"text":"of","start":4526.45,"end":4526.6},{"text":"Czechia","start":4526.63,"end":4527.11},{"text":"for","start":4527.11,"end":4527.3},{"text":"his","start":4527.3,"end":4527.48},{"text":"statement","start":4527.55,"end":4528.31}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Bangladesh.","start":4528.64,"end":4531.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4528.64,"end":4528.76},{"text":"now","start":4528.76,"end":4528.96},{"text":"give","start":4528.96,"end":4529.18},{"text":"the","start":4529.2,"end":4529.28},{"text":"floor","start":4529.28,"end":4529.52},{"text":"to","start":4529.52,"end":4529.64},{"text":"the","start":4529.66,"end":4529.75},{"text":"distinguished","start":4529.75,"end":4530.28},{"text":"representative","start":4530.29,"end":4531},{"text":"of","start":4531,"end":4531.16},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":4531.16,"end":4531.61}]},{"text":"You have to close up.","start":4532.63,"end":4533.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":4532.63,"end":4532.72},{"text":"have","start":4532.73,"end":4532.89},{"text":"to","start":4532.91,"end":4533.02},{"text":"close","start":4533.03,"end":4533.35},{"text":"up","start":4533.37,"end":4533.51}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":20,"start":4535.83,"pageUrl":"/es/ga/c6/81/31?lang=floor&t=1:15:36","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Thank you madam chair.","start":4535.83,"end":4538.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Bismillahirrahmanirrahim","start":4535.83,"end":4536.87},{"text":"Thank","start":4537.85,"end":4538.05},{"text":"you","start":4538.06,"end":4538.11},{"text":"madam","start":4538.13,"end":4538.34},{"text":"chair","start":4538.35,"end":4538.59}]},{"text":"We thank the chair of the International Law Commission, Mr. Andreas Mavroyiannis, for introducing the report and every member of the commission for a year of rare achievement.","start":4539.38,"end":4550.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4539.38,"end":4539.49},{"text":"thank","start":4539.49,"end":4539.69},{"text":"the","start":4539.7,"end":4539.79},{"text":"chair","start":4539.79,"end":4540.06},{"text":"of","start":4540.07,"end":4540.18},{"text":"the","start":4540.18,"end":4540.26},{"text":"International","start":4540.26,"end":4540.71},{"text":"Law","start":4540.73,"end":4540.86},{"text":"Commission","start":4540.86,"end":4541.32},{"text":"Mr","start":4541.87,"end":4542.15},{"text":"Andreas","start":4542.15,"end":4542.8},{"text":"Mavroyiannis","start":4543.63,"end":4544.45},{"text":"for","start":4544.48,"end":4544.95},{"text":"introducing","start":4545.09,"end":4545.65},{"text":"the","start":4545.66,"end":4545.73},{"text":"report","start":4545.74,"end":4546.19},{"text":"and","start":4546.72,"end":4546.84},{"text":"every","start":4546.86,"end":4547.14},{"text":"member","start":4547.15,"end":4547.49},{"text":"of","start":4547.49,"end":4547.6},{"text":"the","start":4547.6,"end":4547.69},{"text":"commission","start":4547.69,"end":4548.17},{"text":"for","start":4548.59,"end":4548.75},{"text":"a","start":4548.75,"end":4548.78},{"text":"year","start":4548.78,"end":4549.18},{"text":"of","start":4549.28,"end":4549.45},{"text":"rare","start":4549.46,"end":4549.74},{"text":"achievement","start":4549.75,"end":4550.29}]},{"text":"Madam chair, I begin with sea level rise because for Bangladesh it is not an abstract topic.","start":4551.06,"end":4556.31,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":4551.06,"end":4551.39},{"text":"chair","start":4551.39,"end":4551.69},{"text":"I","start":4551.71,"end":4551.83},{"text":"begin","start":4551.84,"end":4552.13},{"text":"with","start":4552.13,"end":4552.25},{"text":"sea","start":4552.29,"end":4552.45},{"text":"level","start":4552.48,"end":4552.77},{"text":"rise","start":4552.77,"end":4553.12},{"text":"because","start":4553.61,"end":4553.9},{"text":"for","start":4553.91,"end":4554.03},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":4554.03,"end":4554.62},{"text":"it","start":4555.09,"end":4555.21},{"text":"is","start":4555.21,"end":4555.32},{"text":"not","start":4555.33,"end":4555.52},{"text":"an","start":4555.52,"end":4555.61},{"text":"abstract","start":4555.61,"end":4555.97},{"text":"topic","start":4555.97,"end":4556.31}]},{"text":"The debate on sea level rise has rightly been led by small island states, but the final report of the study group also speaks of low lying coastal states, and Bangladesh is one of them.","start":4557.12,"end":4568.98,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4557.12,"end":4557.21},{"text":"debate","start":4557.21,"end":4557.56},{"text":"on","start":4557.56,"end":4557.66},{"text":"sea","start":4557.67,"end":4557.85},{"text":"level","start":4557.87,"end":4558.11},{"text":"rise","start":4558.11,"end":4558.51},{"text":"has","start":4559.31,"end":4559.54},{"text":"rightly","start":4559.99,"end":4560.48},{"text":"been","start":4560.5,"end":4560.71},{"text":"led","start":4560.72,"end":4560.92},{"text":"by","start":4560.92,"end":4561.23},{"text":"small","start":4561.31,"end":4561.59},{"text":"island","start":4561.6,"end":4561.86},{"text":"states","start":4561.86,"end":4562.39},{"text":"but","start":4563.15,"end":4563.31},{"text":"the","start":4563.31,"end":4563.4},{"text":"final","start":4563.41,"end":4563.76},{"text":"report","start":4563.76,"end":4564.1},{"text":"of","start":4564.1,"end":4564.18},{"text":"the","start":4564.19,"end":4564.3},{"text":"study","start":4564.3,"end":4564.62},{"text":"group","start":4564.62,"end":4564.91},{"text":"also","start":4565.39,"end":4565.7},{"text":"speaks","start":4565.7,"end":4566.09},{"text":"of","start":4566.1,"end":4566.23},{"text":"low","start":4566.25,"end":4566.43},{"text":"lying","start":4566.44,"end":4566.7},{"text":"coastal","start":4566.7,"end":4567.07},{"text":"states","start":4567.09,"end":4567.57},{"text":"and","start":4567.83,"end":4567.95},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":4567.95,"end":4568.41},{"text":"is","start":4568.41,"end":4568.51},{"text":"one","start":4568.51,"end":4568.67},{"text":"of","start":4568.67,"end":4568.76},{"text":"them","start":4568.76,"end":4568.98}]},{"text":"Our concern is why what will happen to people who live on land that may become uninhabitable long before it disappears.","start":4569.71,"end":4576.05,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":4569.71,"end":4569.89},{"text":"concern","start":4569.89,"end":4570.34},{"text":"is","start":4570.34,"end":4570.47},{"text":"why","start":4570.47,"end":4570.56},{"text":"what","start":4570.56,"end":4570.65},{"text":"will","start":4570.65,"end":4570.83},{"text":"happen","start":4570.83,"end":4571.14},{"text":"to","start":4571.14,"end":4571.25},{"text":"people","start":4571.25,"end":4571.71},{"text":"who","start":4571.81,"end":4571.9},{"text":"live","start":4571.9,"end":4572.13},{"text":"on","start":4572.13,"end":4572.25},{"text":"land","start":4572.28,"end":4572.63},{"text":"that","start":4573.01,"end":4573.17},{"text":"may","start":4573.18,"end":4573.29},{"text":"become","start":4573.29,"end":4573.59},{"text":"uninhabitable","start":4573.65,"end":4574.44},{"text":"long","start":4574.79,"end":4575.01},{"text":"before","start":4575.01,"end":4575.29},{"text":"it","start":4575.31,"end":4575.37},{"text":"disappears","start":4575.38,"end":4576.05}]},{"text":"Last month on 24th September, all member states agreed the first United Nations declaration on sea level rise.","start":4576.78,"end":4584.16,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Last","start":4576.78,"end":4577.09},{"text":"month","start":4577.11,"end":4577.38},{"text":"on","start":4577.38,"end":4577.5},{"text":"24th","start":4577.89,"end":4577.9},{"text":"September","start":4577.9,"end":4578.48},{"text":"all","start":4578.87,"end":4579.05},{"text":"member","start":4579.05,"end":4579.34},{"text":"states","start":4579.34,"end":4579.72},{"text":"agreed","start":4579.72,"end":4580.1},{"text":"the","start":4580.63,"end":4580.74},{"text":"first","start":4580.74,"end":4581.2},{"text":"United","start":4581.37,"end":4581.73},{"text":"Nations","start":4581.74,"end":4582.28},{"text":"declaration","start":4582.64,"end":4583.2},{"text":"on","start":4583.2,"end":4583.3},{"text":"sea","start":4583.31,"end":4583.51},{"text":"level","start":4583.51,"end":4583.76},{"text":"rise","start":4583.78,"end":4584.16}]},{"text":"It recognizes that sea level rise imperils people living in low lying deltas as so many Bangladeshis do, and it affirms the presumption in favor of continued statehood and the stability of maritime zones.","start":4585.14,"end":4598.14,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":4585.14,"end":4585.23},{"text":"recognizes","start":4585.25,"end":4585.9},{"text":"that","start":4585.91,"end":4586.11},{"text":"sea","start":4586.35,"end":4586.55},{"text":"level","start":4586.56,"end":4586.83},{"text":"rise","start":4586.84,"end":4587.21},{"text":"imperils","start":4587.27,"end":4587.79},{"text":"people","start":4587.79,"end":4588.11},{"text":"living","start":4588.11,"end":4588.44},{"text":"in","start":4588.44,"end":4588.55},{"text":"low","start":4588.57,"end":4588.75},{"text":"lying","start":4588.75,"end":4589.02},{"text":"deltas","start":4589.04,"end":4589.56},{"text":"as","start":4589.99,"end":4590.11},{"text":"so","start":4590.11,"end":4590.27},{"text":"many","start":4590.27,"end":4590.43},{"text":"Bangladeshis","start":4590.44,"end":4591.06},{"text":"do","start":4591.07,"end":4591.29},{"text":"and","start":4591.96,"end":4592.07},{"text":"it","start":4592.07,"end":4592.19},{"text":"affirms","start":4592.19,"end":4592.62},{"text":"the","start":4592.62,"end":4592.82},{"text":"presumption","start":4592.84,"end":4593.48},{"text":"in","start":4593.91,"end":4594.03},{"text":"favor","start":4594.03,"end":4594.4},{"text":"of","start":4594.43,"end":4594.62},{"text":"continued","start":4594.63,"end":4595.19},{"text":"statehood","start":4595.19,"end":4595.78},{"text":"and","start":4596.21,"end":4596.32},{"text":"the","start":4596.32,"end":4596.43},{"text":"stability","start":4596.43,"end":4597.01},{"text":"of","start":4597.01,"end":4597.17},{"text":"maritime","start":4597.17,"end":4597.68},{"text":"zones","start":4597.68,"end":4598.14}]},{"text":"Bangladesh welcomes it.","start":4598.51,"end":4599.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":4598.51,"end":4599.02},{"text":"welcomes","start":4599.05,"end":4599.47},{"text":"it","start":4599.47,"end":4599.57}]},{"text":"As the secretary general told that meeting around 770 million people lives less than five meters above the high tide line.","start":4600.85,"end":4609.87,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":4600.85,"end":4601.01},{"text":"the","start":4601.03,"end":4601.12},{"text":"secretary","start":4601.13,"end":4601.61},{"text":"general","start":4601.62,"end":4601.98},{"text":"told","start":4601.98,"end":4602.27},{"text":"that","start":4602.29,"end":4602.53},{"text":"meeting","start":4602.54,"end":4603.01},{"text":"around","start":4603.34,"end":4603.59},{"text":"770","start":4603.61,"end":4604.64},{"text":"million","start":4604.64,"end":4604.96},{"text":"people","start":4604.96,"end":4605.37},{"text":"lives","start":4605.38,"end":4605.71},{"text":"less","start":4606.15,"end":4606.41},{"text":"than","start":4606.43,"end":4606.6},{"text":"five","start":4606.61,"end":4606.85},{"text":"meters","start":4606.87,"end":4607.21},{"text":"above","start":4607.22,"end":4607.5},{"text":"the","start":4607.5,"end":4607.72},{"text":"high","start":4608.93,"end":4609.18},{"text":"tide","start":4609.18,"end":4609.5},{"text":"line","start":4609.5,"end":4609.87}]},{"text":"We support the study group's conclusion that once states have duly deposited their baselines and their outer and the outer limits of their maritime zones, they are under no obligation to update the same as the sea rises.","start":4610.34,"end":4625.1,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4610.34,"end":4610.49},{"text":"support","start":4610.49,"end":4610.85},{"text":"the","start":4610.86,"end":4610.98},{"text":"study","start":4610.98,"end":4611.28},{"text":"group's","start":4611.28,"end":4611.57},{"text":"conclusion","start":4611.58,"end":4612.08},{"text":"that","start":4612.12,"end":4612.32},{"text":"once","start":4612.88,"end":4613.24},{"text":"states","start":4613.28,"end":4613.7},{"text":"have","start":4613.71,"end":4613.85},{"text":"duly","start":4613.85,"end":4614.17},{"text":"deposited","start":4614.18,"end":4614.68},{"text":"their","start":4614.72,"end":4614.89},{"text":"baselines","start":4614.92,"end":4615.53},{"text":"and","start":4615.92,"end":4616.07},{"text":"their","start":4616.07,"end":4616.22},{"text":"outer","start":4616.23,"end":4616.53},{"text":"and","start":4616.68,"end":4616.88},{"text":"the","start":4616.88,"end":4617.11},{"text":"outer","start":4617.11,"end":4617.37},{"text":"limits","start":4617.37,"end":4617.78},{"text":"of","start":4617.78,"end":4617.9},{"text":"their","start":4617.93,"end":4618.16},{"text":"maritime","start":4618.16,"end":4618.6},{"text":"zones","start":4618.6,"end":4619.04},{"text":"they","start":4619.53,"end":4619.67},{"text":"are","start":4619.68,"end":4619.74},{"text":"under","start":4619.74,"end":4619.91},{"text":"no","start":4619.92,"end":4620.12},{"text":"obligation","start":4620.12,"end":4620.68},{"text":"to","start":4620.7,"end":4620.82},{"text":"update","start":4620.82,"end":4621.16},{"text":"the","start":4621.18,"end":4621.28},{"text":"same","start":4621.28,"end":4621.65},{"text":"as","start":4623.78,"end":4624},{"text":"the","start":4624,"end":4624.11},{"text":"sea","start":4624.11,"end":4624.45},{"text":"rises","start":4624.46,"end":4625.1}]},{"text":"The International Court of Justice reached the same view last year in its advisory opinion on climate change.","start":4625.74,"end":4631.9,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4625.74,"end":4625.84},{"text":"International","start":4625.84,"end":4626.37},{"text":"Court","start":4626.37,"end":4626.58},{"text":"of","start":4626.58,"end":4626.67},{"text":"Justice","start":4626.67,"end":4627.23},{"text":"reached","start":4627.6,"end":4627.88},{"text":"the","start":4627.9,"end":4627.99},{"text":"same","start":4628,"end":4628.38},{"text":"view","start":4628.54,"end":4628.79},{"text":"last","start":4628.79,"end":4629.13},{"text":"year","start":4629.13,"end":4629.34},{"text":"in","start":4629.75,"end":4629.86},{"text":"its","start":4629.86,"end":4630.01},{"text":"advisory","start":4630.01,"end":4630.51},{"text":"opinion","start":4630.51,"end":4630.97},{"text":"on","start":4630.98,"end":4631.14},{"text":"climate","start":4631.14,"end":4631.46},{"text":"change","start":4631.46,"end":4631.9}]},{"text":"The part of the study group's work that most concerns Bangladesh is the protection of persons, this protection of persons.","start":4633.02,"end":4639.91,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4633.02,"end":4633.09},{"text":"part","start":4633.09,"end":4633.37},{"text":"of","start":4633.37,"end":4633.46},{"text":"the","start":4633.46,"end":4633.58},{"text":"study","start":4633.58,"end":4633.88},{"text":"group's","start":4633.88,"end":4634.14},{"text":"work","start":4634.17,"end":4634.55},{"text":"that","start":4634.64,"end":4634.82},{"text":"most","start":4634.87,"end":4635.15},{"text":"concerns","start":4635.15,"end":4635.47},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":4635.59,"end":4636.17},{"text":"is","start":4636.62,"end":4636.73},{"text":"the","start":4636.73,"end":4636.82},{"text":"protection","start":4636.82,"end":4637.29},{"text":"of","start":4637.29,"end":4637.4},{"text":"persons","start":4637.4,"end":4638.04},{"text":"this","start":4638.51,"end":4638.77},{"text":"protection","start":4638.96,"end":4639.37},{"text":"of","start":4639.38,"end":4639.46},{"text":"persons","start":4639.48,"end":4639.91}]},{"text":"The study group found that there is no dedicated legal framework and that solutions are needed for those who remain in situ and those who are internally or externally displaced.","start":4639.92,"end":4651.3,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4639.92,"end":4640.01},{"text":"study","start":4640.01,"end":4640.31},{"text":"group","start":4640.32,"end":4640.52},{"text":"found","start":4640.56,"end":4640.98},{"text":"that","start":4641.52,"end":4641.64},{"text":"there","start":4641.67,"end":4641.8},{"text":"is","start":4641.8,"end":4641.96},{"text":"no","start":4641.96,"end":4642.3},{"text":"dedicated","start":4642.37,"end":4643.04},{"text":"legal","start":4643.12,"end":4643.48},{"text":"framework","start":4643.48,"end":4644.09},{"text":"and","start":4644.5,"end":4644.67},{"text":"that","start":4644.67,"end":4644.8},{"text":"solutions","start":4644.81,"end":4645.41},{"text":"are","start":4645.41,"end":4645.46},{"text":"needed","start":4645.46,"end":4645.84},{"text":"for","start":4645.85,"end":4646.04},{"text":"those","start":4646.08,"end":4646.44},{"text":"who","start":4646.75,"end":4646.91},{"text":"remain","start":4646.91,"end":4647.32},{"text":"in","start":4647.36,"end":4647.52},{"text":"situ","start":4647.52,"end":4648.1},{"text":"and","start":4648.49,"end":4648.63},{"text":"those","start":4648.64,"end":4648.98},{"text":"who","start":4649.02,"end":4649.14},{"text":"are","start":4649.14,"end":4649.27},{"text":"internally","start":4649.3,"end":4649.97},{"text":"or","start":4649.98,"end":4650.09},{"text":"externally","start":4650.09,"end":4650.66},{"text":"displaced","start":4650.66,"end":4651.3}]},{"text":"For a country like ours, those affected will not cross a border.","start":4652.42,"end":4655.6,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":4652.42,"end":4652.59},{"text":"a","start":4652.59,"end":4652.63},{"text":"country","start":4652.63,"end":4652.94},{"text":"like","start":4652.94,"end":4653.16},{"text":"ours","start":4653.16,"end":4653.6},{"text":"those","start":4653.83,"end":4654.05},{"text":"affected","start":4654.05,"end":4654.48},{"text":"will","start":4654.5,"end":4654.65},{"text":"not","start":4654.65,"end":4654.86},{"text":"cross","start":4654.86,"end":4655.16},{"text":"a","start":4655.16,"end":4655.19},{"text":"border","start":4655.19,"end":4655.6}]},{"text":"They will move within it.","start":4656.38,"end":4657.62,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":4656.38,"end":4656.57},{"text":"will","start":4656.57,"end":4656.74},{"text":"move","start":4656.74,"end":4656.98},{"text":"within","start":4657.02,"end":4657.38},{"text":"it","start":4657.38,"end":4657.62}]},{"text":"The declaration speaks of mobility with dignity, we ask that the protection of persons, including the internally displaced, now receive the same legal attention that the commission and this assembly have given to maritime zones and state food.","start":4658.22,"end":4673.91,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal 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law is not starting from nothing.","start":4675.3,"end":4677.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4675.3,"end":4675.39},{"text":"law","start":4675.39,"end":4675.63},{"text":"is","start":4675.66,"end":4675.82},{"text":"not","start":4675.82,"end":4676.02},{"text":"starting","start":4676.1,"end":4676.53},{"text":"from","start":4676.53,"end":4676.7},{"text":"nothing","start":4676.72,"end":4677.11}]},{"text":"The guiding principles of internal displacement and the African Union's Kampala Convention already addresses persons displaced by disasters including those linked to climate 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January, the conference of plenipotentiaries on the protection of persons in the event of disasters will open.","start":4691.1,"end":4698.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4691.1,"end":4691.22},{"text":"January","start":4691.25,"end":4691.88},{"text":"the","start":4692.42,"end":4692.53},{"text":"conference","start":4692.53,"end":4693.17},{"text":"of","start":4693.19,"end":4693.49},{"text":"plenipotentiaries","start":4693.77,"end":4694.8},{"text":"on","start":4695.33,"end":4695.47},{"text":"the","start":4695.48,"end":4695.57},{"text":"protection","start":4695.57,"end":4696.05},{"text":"of","start":4696.05,"end":4696.15},{"text":"persons","start":4696.17,"end":4696.77},{"text":"in","start":4697.08,"end":4697.2},{"text":"the","start":4697.2,"end":4697.29},{"text":"event","start":4697.29,"end":4697.64},{"text":"of","start":4697.64,"end":4697.73},{"text":"disasters","start":4697.73,"end":4698.31},{"text":"will","start":4698.33,"end":4698.45},{"text":"open","start":4698.45,"end":4698.81}]},{"text":"As we were reminded that the work reaches slow onset disasters.","start":4699.62,"end":4703.98,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":4699.62,"end":4699.86},{"text":"we","start":4699.87,"end":4700.01},{"text":"were","start":4700.02,"end":4700.16},{"text":"reminded","start":4700.17,"end":4700.82},{"text":"that","start":4701.23,"end":4701.39},{"text":"the","start":4701.39,"end":4701.52},{"text":"work","start":4701.52,"end":4701.91},{"text":"reaches","start":4701.91,"end":4702.33},{"text":"slow","start":4702.34,"end":4702.8},{"text":"onset","start":4702.83,"end":4703.23},{"text":"disasters","start":4703.23,"end":4703.98}]},{"text":"Bangladesh will seek to ensure that the new convention clearly covers them, so that people displaced by the rising sea do not fall between two regimes.","start":4704.57,"end":4714.45,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":4704.57,"end":4705.15},{"text":"will","start":4705.16,"end":4705.31},{"text":"seek","start":4705.31,"end":4705.73},{"text":"to","start":4706,"end":4706.15},{"text":"ensure","start":4706.15,"end":4706.54},{"text":"that","start":4706.55,"end":4706.85},{"text":"the","start":4707.19,"end":4707.27},{"text":"new","start":4707.27,"end":4707.48},{"text":"convention","start":4707.48,"end":4708.05},{"text":"clearly","start":4708.05,"end":4708.49},{"text":"covers","start":4708.49,"end":4708.87},{"text":"them","start":4708.88,"end":4709.03},{"text":"so","start":4709.68,"end":4709.95},{"text":"that","start":4709.95,"end":4710.19},{"text":"people","start":4710.27,"end":4710.64},{"text":"displaced","start":4710.64,"end":4711.28},{"text":"by","start":4711.3,"end":4711.43},{"text":"the","start":4711.44,"end":4711.53},{"text":"rising","start":4711.55,"end":4711.98},{"text":"sea","start":4711.98,"end":4712.33},{"text":"do","start":4712.71,"end":4712.83},{"text":"not","start":4712.83,"end":4713.06},{"text":"fall","start":4713.07,"end":4713.35},{"text":"between","start":4713.37,"end":4713.7},{"text":"two","start":4713.71,"end":4713.86},{"text":"regimes","start":4713.86,"end":4714.45}]},{"text":"Bangladesh as a low lying coastal state stands ready to work with the small island developing states as they take the protection of persons forward next year.","start":4714.93,"end":4724.83,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":4714.93,"end":4715.45},{"text":"as","start":4715.45,"end":4715.59},{"text":"a","start":4715.59,"end":4715.64},{"text":"low","start":4715.64,"end":4715.89},{"text":"lying","start":4715.89,"end":4716.17},{"text":"coastal","start":4716.17,"end":4716.55},{"text":"state","start":4716.57,"end":4716.93},{"text":"stands","start":4717.35,"end":4717.76},{"text":"ready","start":4717.76,"end":4718.02},{"text":"to","start":4718.02,"end":4718.17},{"text":"work","start":4718.17,"end":4718.5},{"text":"with","start":4718.57,"end":4718.77},{"text":"the","start":4718.77,"end":4718.91},{"text":"small","start":4718.91,"end":4719.22},{"text":"island","start":4719.29,"end":4719.57},{"text":"developing","start":4720.61,"end":4721.11},{"text":"states","start":4721.11,"end":4721.56},{"text":"as","start":4721.68,"end":4721.89},{"text":"they","start":4721.9,"end":4722.01},{"text":"take","start":4722.01,"end":4722.3},{"text":"the","start":4722.32,"end":4722.41},{"text":"protection","start":4722.41,"end":4722.87},{"text":"of","start":4722.87,"end":4722.97},{"text":"persons","start":4723.01,"end":4723.57},{"text":"forward","start":4723.92,"end":4724.35},{"text":"next","start":4724.37,"end":4724.67},{"text":"year","start":4724.67,"end":4724.83}]},{"text":"And we support keeping sea level rise on the agenda of this committee.","start":4725.7,"end":4729.47,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations discussed preserving statehood and maritime zones despite rising seas, alongside legal protection for affected populations, including displaced persons. They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4725.7,"end":4725.87},{"text":"we","start":4725.87,"end":4725.97},{"text":"support","start":4725.97,"end":4726.34},{"text":"keeping","start":4726.41,"end":4726.93},{"text":"sea","start":4726.93,"end":4727.12},{"text":"level","start":4727.15,"end":4727.43},{"text":"rise","start":4727.43,"end":4727.82},{"text":"on","start":4728.04,"end":4728.14},{"text":"the","start":4728.15,"end":4728.23},{"text":"agenda","start":4728.24,"end":4728.67},{"text":"of","start":4728.68,"end":4728.84},{"text":"this","start":4728.84,"end":4729.02},{"text":"committee","start":4729.04,"end":4729.47}]},{"text":"Madam chair, the next issue I draw your attention to is the immunity of state officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction.","start":4730.71,"end":4736.51,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":4730.71,"end":4730.98},{"text":"chair","start":4730.98,"end":4731.28},{"text":"the","start":4731.43,"end":4731.5},{"text":"next","start":4731.51,"end":4731.79},{"text":"issue","start":4731.8,"end":4732},{"text":"I","start":4732,"end":4732.08},{"text":"draw","start":4732.08,"end":4732.25},{"text":"your","start":4732.25,"end":4732.39},{"text":"attention","start":4732.39,"end":4732.78},{"text":"to","start":4732.79,"end":4732.94},{"text":"is","start":4732.95,"end":4733.09},{"text":"the","start":4733.12,"end":4733.2},{"text":"immunity","start":4733.2,"end":4733.59},{"text":"of","start":4733.59,"end":4733.71},{"text":"state","start":4733.71,"end":4734.01},{"text":"officials","start":4734.01,"end":4734.54},{"text":"from","start":4734.97,"end":4735.2},{"text":"foreign","start":4735.21,"end":4735.54},{"text":"criminal","start":4735.54,"end":4735.87},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4735.87,"end":4736.51}]},{"text":"We congratulate the special rapporteur, Mr. Claudio Grossman Gioff and his predecessors on the completion of 17 draft articles on second reading.","start":4737.44,"end":4748.19,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4737.44,"end":4737.58},{"text":"congratulate","start":4737.58,"end":4738.2},{"text":"the","start":4738.23,"end":4738.34},{"text":"special","start":4738.35,"end":4738.71},{"text":"rapporteur","start":4738.71,"end":4739.15},{"text":"Mr","start":4739.17,"end":4739.47},{"text":"Claudio","start":4739.48,"end":4740.01},{"text":"Grossman","start":4740.46,"end":4741.14},{"text":"Gioff","start":4741.6,"end":4742.09},{"text":"and","start":4743.2,"end":4743.49},{"text":"his","start":4743.49,"end":4743.71},{"text":"predecessors","start":4743.71,"end":4744.45},{"text":"on","start":4744.46,"end":4744.61},{"text":"the","start":4744.62,"end":4744.7},{"text":"completion","start":4744.7,"end":4745.31},{"text":"of","start":4745.33,"end":4745.65},{"text":"17","start":4745.65,"end":4746.23},{"text":"draft","start":4746.25,"end":4746.58},{"text":"articles","start":4746.59,"end":4747.14},{"text":"on","start":4747.39,"end":4747.5},{"text":"second","start":4747.5,"end":4747.84},{"text":"reading","start":4747.84,"end":4748.19}]},{"text":"Bangladesh knows from its own history that crimes against humanity are almost often committed by those who hold the power of the state.","start":4748.85,"end":4757.19,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":4748.85,"end":4749.43},{"text":"knows","start":4749.46,"end":4749.73},{"text":"from","start":4749.73,"end":4749.91},{"text":"its","start":4749.91,"end":4750.08},{"text":"own","start":4750.08,"end":4750.24},{"text":"history","start":4750.24,"end":4750.74},{"text":"that","start":4751.52,"end":4751.69},{"text":"crimes","start":4751.69,"end":4752.05},{"text":"against","start":4752.07,"end":4752.3},{"text":"humanity","start":4752.34,"end":4752.96},{"text":"are","start":4753.03,"end":4753.19},{"text":"almost","start":4753.23,"end":4753.75},{"text":"often","start":4753.83,"end":4754.29},{"text":"committed","start":4754.71,"end":4755.15},{"text":"by","start":4755.15,"end":4755.36},{"text":"those","start":4755.36,"end":4755.74},{"text":"who","start":4755.74,"end":4755.86},{"text":"hold","start":4755.87,"end":4756.15},{"text":"the","start":4756.15,"end":4756.24},{"text":"power","start":4756.24,"end":4756.64},{"text":"of","start":4756.64,"end":4756.75},{"text":"the","start":4756.75,"end":4756.87},{"text":"state","start":4756.87,"end":4757.19}]},{"text":"Immunity must never become their shield.","start":4757.97,"end":4760.35,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Immunity","start":4757.97,"end":4758.52},{"text":"must","start":4758.53,"end":4758.94},{"text":"never","start":4758.99,"end":4759.35},{"text":"become","start":4759.35,"end":4759.72},{"text":"their","start":4759.72,"end":4759.88},{"text":"shield","start":4759.9,"end":4760.35}]},{"text":"We therefore support the principle of draft article six that immunity ratione materiae shall not apply to most serious crimes under international law.","start":4760.83,"end":4772.12,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4760.83,"end":4760.98},{"text":"therefore","start":4760.99,"end":4761.36},{"text":"support","start":4761.36,"end":4761.75},{"text":"the","start":4761.75,"end":4761.85},{"text":"principle","start":4761.87,"end":4762.34},{"text":"of","start":4762.34,"end":4762.45},{"text":"draft","start":4762.47,"end":4762.89},{"text":"article","start":4762.93,"end":4763.41},{"text":"six","start":4764.11,"end":4764.67},{"text":"that","start":4765.18,"end":4765.28},{"text":"immunity","start":4765.46,"end":4766.18},{"text":"ratione","start":4766.24,"end":4766.87},{"text":"materiae","start":4766.9,"end":4767.51},{"text":"shall","start":4767.95,"end":4768.23},{"text":"not","start":4768.23,"end":4768.65},{"text":"apply","start":4768.82,"end":4769.26},{"text":"to","start":4769.26,"end":4769.62},{"text":"most","start":4769.7,"end":4770.06},{"text":"serious","start":4770.1,"end":4770.62},{"text":"crimes","start":4770.64,"end":4771.02},{"text":"under","start":4771.03,"end":4771.24},{"text":"international","start":4771.24,"end":4771.86},{"text":"law","start":4771.86,"end":4772.12}]},{"text":"We also agree with the delegation delegations that ask asked for a clear line between the law as it stands and the law as it is being developed.","start":4773.24,"end":4783.39,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4773.24,"end":4773.38},{"text":"also","start":4773.38,"end":4773.93},{"text":"agree","start":4774.01,"end":4774.4},{"text":"with","start":4774.42,"end":4774.58},{"text":"the","start":4774.62,"end":4774.83},{"text":"delegation","start":4775.1,"end":4775.83},{"text":"delegations","start":4776.74,"end":4777.54},{"text":"that","start":4777.74,"end":4777.98},{"text":"ask","start":4778.02,"end":4778.27},{"text":"asked","start":4778.27,"end":4778.5},{"text":"for","start":4778.52,"end":4778.69},{"text":"a","start":4778.69,"end":4778.75},{"text":"clear","start":4778.75,"end":4779.06},{"text":"line","start":4779.06,"end":4779.37},{"text":"between","start":4779.38,"end":4779.71},{"text":"the","start":4779.71,"end":4779.81},{"text":"law","start":4779.81,"end":4780.08},{"text":"as","start":4780.08,"end":4780.24},{"text":"it","start":4780.25,"end":4780.36},{"text":"stands","start":4780.36,"end":4780.91},{"text":"and","start":4781.36,"end":4781.48},{"text":"the","start":4781.49,"end":4781.59},{"text":"law","start":4781.6,"end":4781.96},{"text":"as","start":4782.2,"end":4782.44},{"text":"it","start":4782.44,"end":4782.54},{"text":"is","start":4782.55,"end":4782.68},{"text":"being","start":4782.68,"end":4782.84},{"text":"developed","start":4782.86,"end":4783.39}]},{"text":"It has been observed that for some of the crimes listed, the exception rests on established practice, while for others, the commission has relied on coherence with peremptory norms.","start":4784.02,"end":4798.98,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":4784.02,"end":4784.13},{"text":"has","start":4784.13,"end":4784.27},{"text":"been","start":4784.28,"end":4784.43},{"text":"observed","start":4784.43,"end":4784.87},{"text":"that","start":4784.89,"end":4785.08},{"text":"for","start":4785.8,"end":4786.02},{"text":"some","start":4786.04,"end":4786.36},{"text":"of","start":4786.36,"end":4786.49},{"text":"the","start":4786.49,"end":4786.61},{"text":"crimes","start":4786.62,"end":4787.03},{"text":"listed","start":4787.04,"end":4787.57},{"text":"the","start":4788.28,"end":4788.45},{"text":"exception","start":4788.45,"end":4789.14},{"text":"rests","start":4789.77,"end":4790.4},{"text":"on","start":4790.75,"end":4790.93},{"text":"established","start":4790.95,"end":4791.57},{"text":"practice","start":4791.62,"end":4792.26},{"text":"while","start":4792.91,"end":4793.37},{"text":"for","start":4794.54,"end":4794.74},{"text":"others","start":4794.74,"end":4795.19},{"text":"the","start":4795.52,"end":4795.61},{"text":"commission","start":4795.61,"end":4796.04},{"text":"has","start":4796.07,"end":4796.25},{"text":"relied","start":4796.25,"end":4796.65},{"text":"on","start":4796.65,"end":4796.76},{"text":"coherence","start":4796.77,"end":4797.4},{"text":"with","start":4797.79,"end":4797.96},{"text":"peremptory","start":4797.98,"end":4798.52},{"text":"norms","start":4798.52,"end":4798.98}]},{"text":"Clarity on that point is what will allow states to build on the commission's work including in the negotiations on a convention on crimes against humanity which begins in 2028.","start":4799.59,"end":4812.31,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Clarity","start":4799.59,"end":4800.07},{"text":"on","start":4800.09,"end":4800.21},{"text":"that","start":4800.21,"end":4800.38},{"text":"point","start":4800.44,"end":4800.87},{"text":"is","start":4801.24,"end":4801.4},{"text":"what","start":4801.41,"end":4801.62},{"text":"will","start":4801.63,"end":4801.85},{"text":"allow","start":4801.86,"end":4802.19},{"text":"states","start":4802.2,"end":4802.82},{"text":"to","start":4803.34,"end":4803.46},{"text":"build","start":4803.49,"end":4803.83},{"text":"on","start":4803.83,"end":4803.94},{"text":"the","start":4803.94,"end":4804.02},{"text":"commission's","start":4804.02,"end":4804.49},{"text":"work","start":4804.52,"end":4804.86},{"text":"including","start":4805.32,"end":4806.01},{"text":"in","start":4806.51,"end":4806.6},{"text":"the","start":4806.61,"end":4806.68},{"text":"negotiations","start":4806.69,"end":4807.47},{"text":"on","start":4807.47,"end":4807.56},{"text":"a","start":4807.56,"end":4807.61},{"text":"convention","start":4807.61,"end":4808.27},{"text":"on","start":4808.28,"end":4808.39},{"text":"crimes","start":4808.39,"end":4808.92},{"text":"against","start":4809.15,"end":4809.47},{"text":"humanity","start":4809.49,"end":4810.06},{"text":"which","start":4810.55,"end":4810.75},{"text":"begins","start":4810.76,"end":4811.17},{"text":"in","start":4811.17,"end":4811.27},{"text":"2028","start":4811.28,"end":4812.31}]},{"text":"We value the procedural safeguards in part four which protect smaller states against prosecutions driven by politics rather than law.","start":4812.88,"end":4820.86,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4812.88,"end":4813.08},{"text":"value","start":4813.09,"end":4813.48},{"text":"the","start":4813.51,"end":4813.6},{"text":"procedural","start":4813.62,"end":4814.18},{"text":"safeguards","start":4814.18,"end":4814.71},{"text":"in","start":4814.72,"end":4814.8},{"text":"part","start":4814.8,"end":4815.05},{"text":"four","start":4815.07,"end":4815.42},{"text":"which","start":4815.91,"end":4816.09},{"text":"protect","start":4816.1,"end":4816.44},{"text":"smaller","start":4816.44,"end":4816.83},{"text":"states","start":4816.84,"end":4817.21},{"text":"against","start":4817.28,"end":4817.65},{"text":"prosecutions","start":4817.66,"end":4818.39},{"text":"driven","start":4818.39,"end":4818.79},{"text":"by","start":4818.79,"end":4819.06},{"text":"politics","start":4819.42,"end":4820.06},{"text":"rather","start":4820.08,"end":4820.38},{"text":"than","start":4820.38,"end":4820.58},{"text":"law","start":4820.59,"end":4820.86}]},{"text":"And we are open to considering the commission's recommendation that a convention on the immunity of state officials be elaborated at an appropriate time Madam chair then we need to focus on general principles of law Bangladesh warmly congratulates the special rapporteur Mr. Marcelo Vasquez Bermudes when the article 38 of the statute was drafted in 1920, Lord Fillmore, one of the one of its drafters, gave as examples of general principles.","start":4822.01,"end":4853.79,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."},{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4822.01,"end":4822.29},{"text":"we","start":4822.3,"end":4822.49},{"text":"are","start":4822.49,"end":4822.6},{"text":"open","start":4822.66,"end":4822.97},{"text":"to","start":4822.98,"end":4823.09},{"text":"considering","start":4823.09,"end":4823.75},{"text":"the","start":4824.15,"end":4824.25},{"text":"commission's","start":4824.25,"end":4824.78},{"text":"recommendation","start":4824.81,"end":4825.58},{"text":"that","start":4826.03,"end":4826.24},{"text":"a","start":4826.24,"end":4826.29},{"text":"convention","start":4826.29,"end":4826.96},{"text":"on","start":4826.98,"end":4827.1},{"text":"the","start":4827.11,"end":4827.18},{"text":"immunity","start":4827.18,"end":4827.61},{"text":"of","start":4827.62,"end":4827.72},{"text":"state","start":4827.74,"end":4828.03},{"text":"officials","start":4828.03,"end":4828.59},{"text":"be","start":4828.98,"end":4829.17},{"text":"elaborated","start":4829.17,"end":4829.87},{"text":"at","start":4829.9,"end":4830.13},{"text":"an","start":4830.13,"end":4830.23},{"text":"appropriate","start":4830.25,"end":4830.73},{"text":"time","start":4830.77,"end":4831.08},{"text":"Madam","start":4832.04,"end":4832.33},{"text":"chair","start":4832.34,"end":4832.65},{"text":"then","start":4833.4,"end":4833.57},{"text":"we","start":4833.58,"end":4833.67},{"text":"need","start":4833.67,"end":4833.82},{"text":"to","start":4833.85,"end":4833.98},{"text":"focus","start":4833.98,"end":4834.37},{"text":"on","start":4834.37,"end":4834.46},{"text":"general","start":4834.47,"end":4834.47},{"text":"principles","start":4834.47,"end":4835.23},{"text":"of","start":4835.23,"end":4835.34},{"text":"law","start":4835.34,"end":4835.59},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":4836.03,"end":4836.67},{"text":"warmly","start":4836.69,"end":4837.13},{"text":"congratulates","start":4837.13,"end":4837.81},{"text":"the","start":4837.81,"end":4837.91},{"text":"special","start":4837.91,"end":4838.24},{"text":"rapporteur","start":4838.25,"end":4838.73},{"text":"Mr","start":4839.25,"end":4839.49},{"text":"Marcelo","start":4839.49,"end":4840.13},{"text":"Vasquez","start":4840.53,"end":4841.05},{"text":"Bermudes","start":4841.07,"end":4841.67},{"text":"when","start":4842.55,"end":4842.69},{"text":"the","start":4842.69,"end":4842.83},{"text":"article","start":4842.83,"end":4843.18},{"text":"38","start":4843.51,"end":4843.69},{"text":"of","start":4843.69,"end":4843.79},{"text":"the","start":4843.79,"end":4843.95},{"text":"statute","start":4843.95,"end":4844.66},{"text":"was","start":4845.32,"end":4845.53},{"text":"drafted","start":4845.53,"end":4846.01},{"text":"in","start":4846.01,"end":4846.1},{"text":"1920","start":4846.47,"end":4846.92},{"text":"Lord","start":4847.67,"end":4847.99},{"text":"Fillmore","start":4847.99,"end":4848.51},{"text":"one","start":4849.03,"end":4849.23},{"text":"of","start":4849.23,"end":4849.35},{"text":"the","start":4849.39,"end":4849.51},{"text":"one","start":4849.72,"end":4849.91},{"text":"of","start":4849.91,"end":4850.02},{"text":"its","start":4850.03,"end":4850.23},{"text":"drafters","start":4850.24,"end":4850.9},{"text":"gave","start":4851.47,"end":4851.84},{"text":"as","start":4851.87,"end":4852.05},{"text":"examples","start":4852.05,"end":4852.68},{"text":"of","start":4852.69,"end":4852.79},{"text":"general","start":4852.79,"end":4853.12},{"text":"principles","start":4853.12,"end":4853.79}]},{"text":"He talked about certain principles of procedure, the principle of good faith, and the principles of res judicata.","start":4854.86,"end":4861.1,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"He","start":4854.86,"end":4854.99},{"text":"talked","start":4855.03,"end":4855.35},{"text":"about","start":4855.35,"end":4855.59},{"text":"certain","start":4855.59,"end":4855.94},{"text":"principles","start":4855.94,"end":4856.41},{"text":"of","start":4856.42,"end":4856.49},{"text":"procedure","start":4856.49,"end":4857.05},{"text":"the","start":4857.57,"end":4857.71},{"text":"principle","start":4857.73,"end":4858.41},{"text":"of","start":4858.53,"end":4858.79},{"text":"good","start":4858.81,"end":4859.01},{"text":"faith","start":4859.01,"end":4859.39},{"text":"and","start":4859.42,"end":4859.53},{"text":"the","start":4859.54,"end":4859.63},{"text":"principles","start":4859.63,"end":4860.24},{"text":"of","start":4860.24,"end":4860.33},{"text":"res","start":4860.33,"end":4860.53},{"text":"judicata","start":4860.53,"end":4861.1}]},{"text":"The examples have not changed, but the community of nations has.","start":4861.9,"end":4865.83,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4861.9,"end":4861.99},{"text":"examples","start":4861.99,"end":4862.75},{"text":"have","start":4862.81,"end":4863.05},{"text":"not","start":4863.05,"end":4863.25},{"text":"changed","start":4863.29,"end":4863.77},{"text":"but","start":4864.2,"end":4864.32},{"text":"the","start":4864.33,"end":4864.41},{"text":"community","start":4864.41,"end":4864.91},{"text":"of","start":4864.92,"end":4865.01},{"text":"nations","start":4865.01,"end":4865.46},{"text":"has","start":4865.46,"end":4865.83}]},{"text":"Today, a principle can be called general, only if it is found across legal systems of the world community of nations, including systems like ours.","start":4866.63,"end":4876.92,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Today","start":4866.63,"end":4867},{"text":"a","start":4867.01,"end":4867.09},{"text":"principle","start":4867.11,"end":4867.55},{"text":"can","start":4867.57,"end":4867.72},{"text":"be","start":4867.73,"end":4867.81},{"text":"called","start":4867.81,"end":4868.05},{"text":"general","start":4868.05,"end":4868.54},{"text":"only","start":4868.94,"end":4869.14},{"text":"if","start":4869.3,"end":4869.44},{"text":"it","start":4869.45,"end":4869.55},{"text":"is","start":4869.55,"end":4869.72},{"text":"found","start":4869.97,"end":4870.41},{"text":"across","start":4870.47,"end":4871},{"text":"legal","start":4871.43,"end":4871.73},{"text":"systems","start":4871.73,"end":4872.2},{"text":"of","start":4872.21,"end":4872.31},{"text":"the","start":4872.32,"end":4872.43},{"text":"world","start":4872.43,"end":4872.81},{"text":"community","start":4873.28,"end":4873.88},{"text":"of","start":4873.99,"end":4874.13},{"text":"nations","start":4874.15,"end":4874.71},{"text":"including","start":4875.39,"end":4875.87},{"text":"systems","start":4875.88,"end":4876.28},{"text":"like","start":4876.28,"end":4876.51},{"text":"ours","start":4876.51,"end":4876.92}]},{"text":"Daft conclusion five requires that comparative analysis of national legal systems be wide and representative, including the different regions of the world.","start":4877.39,"end":4887.09,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Daft","start":4877.39,"end":4877.61},{"text":"conclusion","start":4877.62,"end":4878.17},{"text":"five","start":4878.19,"end":4878.66},{"text":"requires","start":4879.11,"end":4879.64},{"text":"that","start":4879.67,"end":4879.91},{"text":"comparative","start":4879.91,"end":4880.57},{"text":"analysis","start":4880.57,"end":4881.17},{"text":"of","start":4881.17,"end":4881.31},{"text":"national","start":4881.31,"end":4881.71},{"text":"legal","start":4881.71,"end":4882},{"text":"systems","start":4882.01,"end":4882.6},{"text":"be","start":4883.02,"end":4883.17},{"text":"wide","start":4883.17,"end":4883.57},{"text":"and","start":4883.57,"end":4883.69},{"text":"representative","start":4883.69,"end":4884.51},{"text":"including","start":4884.89,"end":4885.52},{"text":"the","start":4885.54,"end":4885.65},{"text":"different","start":4885.65,"end":4886.1},{"text":"regions","start":4886.13,"end":4886.53},{"text":"of","start":4886.53,"end":4886.62},{"text":"the","start":4886.63,"end":4886.72},{"text":"world","start":4886.72,"end":4887.09}]},{"text":"Bangladesh's own legal order draws on the common law, on religious personal laws, and on long traditions of community mediation known in our villages as Shalish.","start":4887.77,"end":4899.59,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh's","start":4887.77,"end":4888.57},{"text":"own","start":4888.65,"end":4888.93},{"text":"legal","start":4888.97,"end":4889.45},{"text":"order","start":4889.45,"end":4889.9},{"text":"draws","start":4890.29,"end":4890.61},{"text":"on","start":4890.61,"end":4890.73},{"text":"the","start":4890.73,"end":4890.82},{"text":"common","start":4890.82,"end":4891.16},{"text":"law","start":4891.16,"end":4891.4},{"text":"on","start":4891.89,"end":4892.05},{"text":"religious","start":4892.06,"end":4892.58},{"text":"personal","start":4892.59,"end":4893.05},{"text":"laws","start":4893.05,"end":4893.41},{"text":"and","start":4893.86,"end":4894.14},{"text":"on","start":4894.19,"end":4894.38},{"text":"long","start":4894.4,"end":4894.72},{"text":"traditions","start":4894.72,"end":4895.09},{"text":"of","start":4895.32,"end":4895.41},{"text":"community","start":4895.43,"end":4895.9},{"text":"mediation","start":4895.9,"end":4896.54},{"text":"known","start":4896.98,"end":4897.41},{"text":"in","start":4897.47,"end":4897.66},{"text":"our","start":4897.66,"end":4897.9},{"text":"villages","start":4897.9,"end":4898.5},{"text":"as","start":4898.79,"end":4899},{"text":"Shalish","start":4899.07,"end":4899.59}]},{"text":"System like ours are rich in principle but poor in translation.","start":4900.31,"end":4904.29,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"System","start":4900.31,"end":4900.83},{"text":"like","start":4900.83,"end":4901.05},{"text":"ours","start":4901.05,"end":4901.55},{"text":"are","start":4901.63,"end":4901.73},{"text":"rich","start":4901.73,"end":4901.98},{"text":"in","start":4901.98,"end":4902.09},{"text":"principle","start":4902.09,"end":4902.64},{"text":"but","start":4903.09,"end":4903.24},{"text":"poor","start":4903.24,"end":4903.51},{"text":"in","start":4903.51,"end":4903.65},{"text":"translation","start":4903.67,"end":4904.29}]},{"text":"We encourage the secretariat and the commission to make the materials of such systems more accessible so that so that the analysis is representative in fact and not only in form.","start":4905.17,"end":4916.46,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. 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They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4917.1,"end":4917.24},{"text":"also","start":4917.24,"end":4917.52},{"text":"note","start":4917.54,"end":4917.78},{"text":"with","start":4917.82,"end":4918},{"text":"care","start":4918,"end":4918.3},{"text":"note","start":4918.42,"end":4918.73},{"text":"the","start":4918.74,"end":4918.86},{"text":"care","start":4918.86,"end":4919.32},{"text":"the","start":4919.81,"end":4919.91},{"text":"commission","start":4919.91,"end":4920.35},{"text":"has","start":4920.37,"end":4920.55},{"text":"taken","start":4920.55,"end":4921.02},{"text":"with","start":4921.44,"end":4921.6},{"text":"the","start":4921.61,"end":4921.76},{"text":"questions","start":4921.76,"end":4922.6},{"text":"that","start":4922.96,"end":4923.15},{"text":"have","start":4923.15,"end":4923.25},{"text":"divided","start":4923.25,"end":4923.8},{"text":"opinion","start":4923.8,"end":4924.36},{"text":"in","start":4924.72,"end":4924.85},{"text":"this","start":4924.88,"end":4925.07},{"text":"room","start":4925.08,"end":4925.36}]},{"text":"On transposition, draft conclusion six reflects the warning of Judge Sir Arnold McNair that principles of national law cannot be imported lock, stock and barrel.","start":4926.09,"end":4937.81,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":4926.09,"end":4926.26},{"text":"transposition","start":4926.27,"end":4927.11},{"text":"draft","start":4927.56,"end":4927.82},{"text":"conclusion","start":4927.84,"end":4928.4},{"text":"six","start":4928.4,"end":4928.94},{"text":"reflects","start":4928.98,"end":4929.52},{"text":"the","start":4929.54,"end":4929.65},{"text":"warning","start":4929.68,"end":4930.12},{"text":"of","start":4930.58,"end":4930.78},{"text":"Judge","start":4930.8,"end":4931.16},{"text":"Sir","start":4931.18,"end":4931.51},{"text":"Arnold","start":4931.51,"end":4931.85},{"text":"McNair","start":4931.87,"end":4932.45},{"text":"that","start":4933.08,"end":4933.35},{"text":"principles","start":4933.37,"end":4934.05},{"text":"of","start":4934.08,"end":4934.2},{"text":"national","start":4934.21,"end":4934.66},{"text":"law","start":4934.66,"end":4934.98},{"text":"cannot","start":4935.34,"end":4935.63},{"text":"be","start":4935.66,"end":4935.8},{"text":"imported","start":4935.8,"end":4936.4},{"text":"lock","start":4936.71,"end":4937.01},{"text":"stock","start":4937.03,"end":4937.37},{"text":"and","start":4937.37,"end":4937.46},{"text":"barrel","start":4937.48,"end":4937.81}]},{"text":"On principles formed within the international legal system, the commission chose the word may and set a demanding test.","start":4938.34,"end":4947.03,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":4938.34,"end":4938.5},{"text":"principles","start":4938.51,"end":4939.18},{"text":"formed","start":4939.54,"end":4939.88},{"text":"within","start":4939.89,"end":4940.18},{"text":"the","start":4940.19,"end":4940.26},{"text":"international","start":4940.26,"end":4940.84},{"text":"legal","start":4940.84,"end":4941.13},{"text":"system","start":4941.13,"end":4941.63},{"text":"the","start":4942.09,"end":4942.19},{"text":"commission","start":4942.19,"end":4942.65},{"text":"chose","start":4942.66,"end":4943.09},{"text":"the","start":4943.14,"end":4943.22},{"text":"word","start":4943.22,"end":4943.58},{"text":"may","start":4943.86,"end":4944.34},{"text":"and","start":4944.9,"end":4945.06},{"text":"set","start":4945.06,"end":4945.51},{"text":"a","start":4946.02,"end":4946.1},{"text":"demanding","start":4946.12,"end":4946.69},{"text":"test","start":4946.7,"end":4947.03}]},{"text":"the community of nations must have recognized the principles as intrinsic to that system.","start":4947.54,"end":4953.83,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. 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task now is to make sure that what it has finished is used appropriately in international regime.","start":5001.66,"end":5008.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":5001.66,"end":5001.9},{"text":"task","start":5001.9,"end":5002.33},{"text":"now","start":5002.33,"end":5002.6},{"text":"is","start":5003,"end":5003.15},{"text":"to","start":5003.16,"end":5003.24},{"text":"make","start":5003.25,"end":5003.47},{"text":"sure","start":5003.47,"end":5003.73},{"text":"that","start":5003.76,"end":5004},{"text":"what","start":5004.33,"end":5004.52},{"text":"it","start":5004.52,"end":5004.65},{"text":"has","start":5004.65,"end":5004.81},{"text":"finished","start":5004.81,"end":5005.32},{"text":"is","start":5005.57,"end":5005.57},{"text":"used","start":5005.57,"end":5006.66},{"text":"appropriately","start":5006.69,"end":5007.39},{"text":"in","start":5007.42,"end":5007.54},{"text":"international","start":5007.55,"end":5008.15},{"text":"regime","start":5008.15,"end":5008.45}]},{"text":"I thank you madam chair.","start":5008.8,"end":5009.68,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5008.8,"end":5008.9},{"text":"thank","start":5008.91,"end":5009.12},{"text":"you","start":5009.12,"end":5009.2},{"text":"madam","start":5009.2,"end":5009.44},{"text":"chair","start":5009.44,"end":5009.68}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"BGD","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Bangladesh"}},{"statement_number":21,"start":5012.78,"pageUrl":"/es/ga/c6/81/31?lang=floor&t=1:23:33","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Bangladesh for his 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will continue the discussion on the first cluster of topics tomorrow afternoon at 3 p.m. following which we will attend to the second cluster of 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adjourning, I wish to remind those delegations that have not yet submitted their list of participants in this year's session of the sixth committee that they should register the names of their representatives, alternate representatives, and advisers through the E list of participants module on the E delegate portal at their earliest 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secretariat will be circulating a draft of this year's list of participants next week.","start":5076.65,"end":5081.98,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5076.65,"end":5076.73},{"text":"secretariat","start":5076.74,"end":5077.36},{"text":"will","start":5077.37,"end":5077.53},{"text":"be","start":5077.53,"end":5077.64},{"text":"circulating","start":5077.65,"end":5078.43},{"text":"a","start":5078.46,"end":5078.58},{"text":"draft","start":5078.58,"end":5079.13},{"text":"of","start":5079.18,"end":5079.34},{"text":"this","start":5079.34,"end":5079.58},{"text":"year's","start":5079.59,"end":5079.92},{"text":"list","start":5079.92,"end":5080.21},{"text":"of","start":5080.21,"end":5080.3},{"text":"participants","start":5080.34,"end":5081.17},{"text":"next","start":5081.32,"end":5081.69},{"text":"week","start":5081.69,"end":5081.98}]},{"text":"The meeting is 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They also addressed international cooperation and the need to clarify outstanding legal questions."},{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, state responsibility and countermeasures in the collective interest."},{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations examined immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, especially exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on whether the draft articles reflect customary law and whether they should form the basis of a convention."},{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law are identified through representative comparisons of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."},{"key":"investment-regulatory-rights","label":"Right to Regulate in International Investment Law","description":"Several delegations supported examining states’ right to regulate under international investment law. The proposed work would clarify legal uncertainties and the balance between investment protection, economic sovereignty and sustainable development."}]}}