{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/fr/asset/k12/k12yn1jav9?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/fr/asset/k12/k12yn1jav9.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k12/k12yn1jav9","kaltura_id":"1_2yn1jav9","title":"Outer Space: Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Legal Subcommittee, 64th session, 1076th meeting","clean_title":"Outer Space: Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Legal Subcommittee, 64th session, 1076th meeting","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k12/k12yn1jav9","date":"2025-05-06T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2025-05-06T08:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"04:22:43","category":"General Assembly","body":"General Assembly","event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":"64th session","pv_symbol":null,"pv_part":null,"slug":"asset/k12/k12yn1jav9"},"metadata":{"summary":"Outer Space: Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Legal Subcommittee, 64th session","description":null,"categories":["Meetings & Events","General Assembly","Subsidiary organs of the General Assembly","Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space"],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":[],"corporate_name":["UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS - UNOOSA"],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[{"title":"United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs","url":"https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/copuos/lsc/2025/index.html"}]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"assemblyai-universal-3-5-pro-b4ff9460-f5fd-4462-863a-528f5f67a4cb","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":1716.099,"pageUrl":"/fr/asset/k12/k12yn1jav9?lang=en&t=1717","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Good morning, distinguished delegates.","start":1716.099,"end":1717.668,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":1716.099,"end":1716.229},{"text":"morning,","start":1716.277,"end":1716.568},{"text":"distinguished","start":1716.746,"end":1717.247},{"text":"delegates.","start":1717.247,"end":1717.668}]},{"text":"I now declare open the 1076th meeting of the Legal Subcommittee of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer 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delegates, this morning we will continue our consideration of agenda item 3, General Exchange of 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we will continue and hopefully conclude our consideration of agenda item 4, and that is information on the activities of international intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations relating to space 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will then continue our consideration of agenda item 5, status and application of the 5 United Nations treaties on outer space and ways and means, including capacity building, to promote their 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that, we will adjourn the plenary meeting so that the working group on the Status and Application of the 5 United Nations Treaties on Outer Space can hold its first 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it will be holding its first meeting.","start":1805.96,"end":1807.937,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1805.96,"end":1806.141},{"text":"it","start":1806.157,"end":1806.24},{"text":"will","start":1806.24,"end":1806.372},{"text":"be","start":1806.404,"end":1806.503},{"text":"holding","start":1806.553,"end":1806.784},{"text":"its","start":1806.833,"end":1806.998},{"text":"first","start":1807.047,"end":1807.64},{"text":"meeting.","start":1807.706,"end":1807.937}]},{"text":"We will have 4 technical presentations this morning.","start":1809.672,"end":1812.291,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1809.672,"end":1809.752},{"text":"will","start":1809.752,"end":1809.881},{"text":"have","start":1809.897,"end":1809.993},{"text":"4","start":1809.993,"end":1810.266},{"text":"technical","start":1810.395,"end":1810.877},{"text":"presentations","start":1810.941,"end":1811.648},{"text":"this","start":1811.744,"end":1811.857},{"text":"morning.","start":1811.985,"end":1812.291}]},{"text":"And once again, I would like to recall that the schedule of technical presentations is available on the session's 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well as in the Daily Journal.","start":1821.074,"end":1822.279,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":1821.074,"end":1821.175},{"text":"well","start":1821.175,"end":1821.342},{"text":"as","start":1821.342,"end":1821.442},{"text":"in","start":1821.493,"end":1821.576},{"text":"the","start":1821.576,"end":1821.626},{"text":"Daily","start":1821.677,"end":1821.928},{"text":"Journal.","start":1821.928,"end":1822.279}]},{"text":"Are there any questions or any comments on this proposed schedule?","start":1824.582,"end":1827.344,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Are","start":1824.582,"end":1824.664},{"text":"there","start":1824.664,"end":1824.811},{"text":"any","start":1824.811,"end":1824.958},{"text":"questions","start":1824.974,"end":1825.448},{"text":"or","start":1825.481,"end":1825.563},{"text":"any","start":1825.563,"end":1825.726},{"text":"comments","start":1825.726,"end":1826.282},{"text":"on","start":1826.282,"end":1826.38},{"text":"this","start":1826.38,"end":1826.478},{"text":"proposed","start":1826.527,"end":1826.968},{"text":"schedule?","start":1826.968,"end":1827.344}]},{"text":"I see none.","start":1832.108,"end":1832.639,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1832.108,"end":1832.125},{"text":"see","start":1832.125,"end":1832.357},{"text":"none.","start":1832.357,"end":1832.639}]},{"text":"And so we can now take up the first of our items for today, which is the General Exchange of Views, Agenda Item 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first speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of the United States.","start":1855.942,"end":1861.647,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1855.942,"end":1856.087},{"text":"first","start":1856.087,"end":1856.281},{"text":"speaker","start":1856.281,"end":1856.782},{"text":"on","start":1856.831,"end":1856.879},{"text":"my","start":1856.88,"end":1857.057},{"text":"list","start":1857.057,"end":1857.411},{"text":"is","start":1858.828,"end":1859.054},{"text":"the","start":1859.263,"end":1859.505},{"text":"distinguished","start":1859.634,"end":1860.036},{"text":"representative","start":1860.036,"end":1860.648},{"text":"of","start":1860.696,"end":1860.825},{"text":"the","start":1860.841,"end":1860.922},{"text":"United","start":1860.922,"end":1861.244},{"text":"States.","start":1861.244,"end":1861.647}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"You have the 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of you in this room to ensure a successful session over the next 2 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thank Director Artie Hawamani and the UN Office for Outer Space Affairs for their work preparing this 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also like to welcome Djibouti and Latvia as the newest UN COPUSS member states.","start":1883.783,"end":1888.642,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We'd","start":1883.783,"end":1883.928},{"text":"also","start":1883.944,"end":1884.12},{"text":"like","start":1884.12,"end":1884.28},{"text":"to","start":1884.28,"end":1884.377},{"text":"welcome","start":1884.826,"end":1885.098},{"text":"Djibouti","start":1885.162,"end":1885.531},{"text":"and","start":1885.868,"end":1885.964},{"text":"Latvia","start":1885.964,"end":1886.622},{"text":"as","start":1886.766,"end":1886.814},{"text":"the","start":1886.91,"end":1886.943},{"text":"newest","start":1886.943,"end":1887.327},{"text":"UN","start":1887.472,"end":1887.664},{"text":"COPUSS","start":1887.712,"end":1888.049},{"text":"member","start":1888.049,"end":1888.29},{"text":"states.","start":1888.29,"end":1888.642}]},{"text":"And as we think ahead to the important discussions that we will have about the future of space resource activities, we'd like to express our sincere condolences to the delegation of Poland for the loss of Ambassador Andrzej Midzdal.","start":1889.396,"end":1902.017,"topics":[{"key":"space-resources","label":"Space Resources","description":"Several statements focused on the legal and policy framework for space resource activities, especially on the Moon. 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Chair.","start":2144.74,"end":2145.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2144.74,"end":2145.258},{"text":"you,","start":2145.258,"end":2145.342},{"text":"Chair.","start":2145.358,"end":2145.71}]},{"text":"Good morning, everyone.","start":2145.777,"end":2146.513,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":2145.777,"end":2145.877},{"text":"morning,","start":2145.877,"end":2146.078},{"text":"everyone.","start":2146.111,"end":2146.513}]},{"text":"Chair, distinguished delegates, Japan looks forward to collaborating with member states and supporting your leadership, Chair, to ensure productive and meaningful sessions.","start":2148.438,"end":2160.568,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":2148.438,"end":2148.79},{"text":"distinguished","start":2149.015,"end":2149.559},{"text":"delegates,","start":2149.559,"end":2150.248},{"text":"Japan","start":2150.617,"end":2151.146},{"text":"looks","start":2151.178,"end":2151.482},{"text":"forward","start":2151.482,"end":2152.043},{"text":"to","start":2152.043,"end":2152.347},{"text":"collaborating","start":2152.363,"end":2152.956},{"text":"with","start":2153.085,"end":2153.197},{"text":"member","start":2153.245,"end":2153.501},{"text":"states","start":2153.501,"end":2153.854},{"text":"and","start":2154.847,"end":2154.959},{"text":"supporting","start":2154.959,"end":2155.456},{"text":"your","start":2155.52,"end":2155.728},{"text":"leadership,","start":2155.728,"end":2156.209},{"text":"Chair,","start":2156.225,"end":2156.562},{"text":"to","start":2157.09,"end":2157.251},{"text":"ensure","start":2157.331,"end":2158.004},{"text":"productive","start":2158.533,"end":2159.158},{"text":"and","start":2159.334,"end":2159.51},{"text":"meaningful","start":2159.51,"end":2160.007},{"text":"sessions.","start":2160.007,"end":2160.568}]},{"text":"Chair, to ensure the safety, security, sustainability, and stability of outer space activities, new technologies are essential.","start":2161.898,"end":2173.723,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-security","label":"Peaceful Use and Security","description":"Several statements focused on preserving outer space for peaceful purposes and preventing an arms race or other destabilizing military developments. Speakers referred to keeping space free of nuclear weapons, concerns about militarization, and the importance of governance that supports peace and international security."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":2161.898,"end":2162.25},{"text":"to","start":2162.795,"end":2163.019},{"text":"ensure","start":2163.115,"end":2163.548},{"text":"the","start":2163.66,"end":2163.724},{"text":"safety,","start":2163.724,"end":2164.173},{"text":"security,","start":2164.798,"end":2165.407},{"text":"sustainability,","start":2166.416,"end":2167.298},{"text":"and","start":2168.387,"end":2168.499},{"text":"stability","start":2168.563,"end":2169.252},{"text":"of","start":2169.541,"end":2169.653},{"text":"outer","start":2169.845,"end":2170.086},{"text":"space","start":2170.086,"end":2170.358},{"text":"activities,","start":2170.422,"end":2171.095},{"text":"new","start":2171.752,"end":2171.864},{"text":"technologies","start":2171.993,"end":2172.778},{"text":"are","start":2173.034,"end":2173.21},{"text":"essential.","start":2173.21,"end":2173.723}]},{"text":"However, progress can be hindered by the lack of international norms that facilitate these emerging technologies.","start":2174.912,"end":2183.805,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":2174.912,"end":2175.491},{"text":"progress","start":2176.102,"end":2176.552},{"text":"can","start":2177.067,"end":2177.308},{"text":"be","start":2177.308,"end":2177.469},{"text":"hindered","start":2177.469,"end":2178.177},{"text":"by","start":2178.756,"end":2178.917},{"text":"the","start":2178.917,"end":2178.997},{"text":"lack","start":2178.997,"end":2179.19},{"text":"of","start":2179.238,"end":2179.287},{"text":"international","start":2179.319,"end":2179.817},{"text":"norms","start":2179.817,"end":2180.428},{"text":"that","start":2180.766,"end":2181.088},{"text":"facilitate","start":2181.088,"end":2181.876},{"text":"these","start":2182.23,"end":2182.519},{"text":"emerging","start":2182.6,"end":2182.985},{"text":"technologies.","start":2183.114,"end":2183.805}]},{"text":"The current legal framework has gaps that need to be filled to accommodate the rapid advancement in space technology.","start":2185.363,"end":2195.108,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2185.363,"end":2185.443},{"text":"current","start":2185.588,"end":2185.99},{"text":"legal","start":2185.99,"end":2186.311},{"text":"framework","start":2186.311,"end":2187.114},{"text":"has","start":2187.13,"end":2187.259},{"text":"gaps","start":2187.436,"end":2189.412},{"text":"that","start":2189.701,"end":2189.862},{"text":"need","start":2189.926,"end":2190.264},{"text":"to","start":2190.264,"end":2190.344},{"text":"be","start":2190.344,"end":2190.424},{"text":"filled","start":2190.424,"end":2190.954},{"text":"to","start":2191.131,"end":2191.228},{"text":"accommodate","start":2191.453,"end":2192.274},{"text":"the","start":2192.274,"end":2192.356},{"text":"rapid","start":2192.438,"end":2192.946},{"text":"advancement","start":2193.159,"end":2193.961},{"text":"in","start":2194.076,"end":2194.174},{"text":"space","start":2194.174,"end":2194.486},{"text":"technology.","start":2194.486,"end":2195.108}]},{"text":"Although legal binding agreement may be difficult to reach today, Japan believes that certain international norms and guidelines are essential to effectively and transparently make best use of new 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Japan works to fill these gaps, it is also crucial that new rules and regulations promote the use Implementations, operations, and the commercializations of technologies designed to solve space debris issues in manner that does not impede progress.","start":2216.918,"end":2239.089,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris-remediation","label":"Space Debris Remediation","description":"Delegations repeatedly raised the urgency of tackling space debris through mitigation, remediation, and active debris removal. 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Delegations discussed how licensing, supervision, and international rules should enable commercial innovation while ensuring compliance with states' legal obligations and maintaining safety and predictability."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":2216.918,"end":2217.064},{"text":"Japan","start":2217.08,"end":2217.582},{"text":"works","start":2217.582,"end":2217.987},{"text":"to","start":2217.987,"end":2218.132},{"text":"fill","start":2218.148,"end":2218.472},{"text":"these","start":2218.472,"end":2218.682},{"text":"gaps,","start":2218.796,"end":2219.297},{"text":"it","start":2219.864,"end":2219.945},{"text":"is","start":2219.945,"end":2220.058},{"text":"also","start":2220.155,"end":2220.657},{"text":"crucial","start":2220.722,"end":2221.256},{"text":"that","start":2221.288,"end":2221.563},{"text":"new","start":2221.628,"end":2221.871},{"text":"rules","start":2221.871,"end":2222.372},{"text":"and","start":2222.923,"end":2223.02},{"text":"regulations","start":2223.068,"end":2224.104},{"text":"promote","start":2224.379,"end":2224.978},{"text":"the","start":2225.01,"end":2225.172},{"text":"use","start":2225.172,"end":2225.528},{"text":"Implementations,","start":2227.09,"end":2227.735},{"text":"operations,","start":2228.154,"end":2228.863},{"text":"and","start":2229.928,"end":2230.073},{"text":"the","start":2230.105,"end":2230.186},{"text":"commercializations","start":2230.25,"end":2231.283},{"text":"of","start":2231.541,"end":2231.734},{"text":"technologies","start":2231.783,"end":2232.573},{"text":"designed","start":2232.847,"end":2233.379},{"text":"to","start":2233.411,"end":2233.508},{"text":"solve","start":2233.637,"end":2234.105},{"text":"space","start":2234.524,"end":2234.847},{"text":"debris","start":2234.927,"end":2235.185},{"text":"issues","start":2235.331,"end":2235.718},{"text":"in","start":2236.379,"end":2236.411},{"text":"manner","start":2236.411,"end":2236.96},{"text":"that","start":2237.04,"end":2237.395},{"text":"does","start":2237.444,"end":2237.605},{"text":"not","start":2237.621,"end":2238.089},{"text":"impede","start":2238.105,"end":2238.622},{"text":"progress.","start":2238.718,"end":2239.089}]},{"text":"Japan has already taken steps to lay the ground framework, groundwork for the establishment of such norms at national level.","start":2240.67,"end":2249.031,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Japan","start":2240.67,"end":2240.993},{"text":"has","start":2240.993,"end":2241.122},{"text":"already","start":2241.316,"end":2241.606},{"text":"taken","start":2241.638,"end":2241.945},{"text":"steps","start":2241.945,"end":2242.171},{"text":"to","start":2242.187,"end":2242.413},{"text":"lay","start":2242.51,"end":2242.703},{"text":"the","start":2242.832,"end":2242.913},{"text":"ground","start":2242.913,"end":2243.22},{"text":"framework,","start":2243.22,"end":2243.799},{"text":"groundwork","start":2243.88,"end":2244.797},{"text":"for","start":2244.862,"end":2245.731},{"text":"the","start":2245.731,"end":2245.763},{"text":"establishment","start":2245.763,"end":2246.761},{"text":"of","start":2247.099,"end":2247.212},{"text":"such","start":2247.212,"end":2247.486},{"text":"norms","start":2247.598,"end":2248.049},{"text":"at","start":2248.259,"end":2248.403},{"text":"national","start":2248.403,"end":2248.806},{"text":"level.","start":2248.806,"end":2249.031}]},{"text":"In 2021, the government of Japan.","start":2250.561,"end":2252.798,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2250.561,"end":2250.609},{"text":"2021,","start":2250.657,"end":2251.672},{"text":"the","start":2251.881,"end":2252.026},{"text":"government","start":2252.026,"end":2252.444},{"text":"of","start":2252.444,"end":2252.589},{"text":"Japan.","start":2252.589,"end":2252.798}]},{"text":"Developed the Space Resources Act and the guidelines for licensing on orbit serving with these principles in mind.","start":2253.51,"end":2264.02,"topics":[{"key":"space-resources","label":"Space Resources","description":"Several statements focused on the legal and policy framework for space resource activities, especially on the Moon. Speakers referred to the working group on space resources, national legislation, Artemis-related cooperation, and the need for principles that support responsible future utilization."},{"key":"commercial-space-actors","label":"Commercial Space Actors","description":"The growing role of private companies and other non-state actors was highlighted across the debate. Delegations discussed how licensing, supervision, and international rules should enable commercial innovation while ensuring compliance with states' legal obligations and maintaining safety and predictability."}],"words":[{"text":"Developed","start":2253.51,"end":2253.995},{"text":"the","start":2254.027,"end":2254.108},{"text":"Space","start":2254.108,"end":2254.626},{"text":"Resources","start":2255.645,"end":2256.179},{"text":"Act","start":2256.357,"end":2256.81},{"text":"and","start":2257.571,"end":2257.652},{"text":"the","start":2257.668,"end":2257.749},{"text":"guidelines","start":2257.813,"end":2258.444},{"text":"for","start":2258.542,"end":2258.736},{"text":"licensing","start":2258.736,"end":2259.415},{"text":"on","start":2259.836,"end":2259.982},{"text":"orbit","start":2260.402,"end":2260.92},{"text":"serving","start":2260.969,"end":2261.357},{"text":"with","start":2261.535,"end":2261.81},{"text":"these","start":2261.956,"end":2262.328},{"text":"principles","start":2262.602,"end":2263.214},{"text":"in","start":2263.311,"end":2263.343},{"text":"mind.","start":2263.343,"end":2264.02}]},{"text":"Earlier this year, in February, Japan enacted new guidelines on collision avoidance.","start":2265.888,"end":2273.37,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"A major recurring topic was the need for international rules and coordination mechanisms to manage growing traffic in orbit. Delegations highlighted legal and policy work on space traffic management, collision avoidance, and the supporting role of space situational awareness systems and data-sharing."}],"words":[{"text":"Earlier","start":2265.888,"end":2266.145},{"text":"this","start":2266.145,"end":2266.339},{"text":"year,","start":2266.532,"end":2266.725},{"text":"in","start":2267.015,"end":2267.112},{"text":"February,","start":2267.112,"end":2267.643},{"text":"Japan","start":2268.545,"end":2269.012},{"text":"enacted","start":2269.769,"end":2270.381},{"text":"new","start":2270.88,"end":2270.993},{"text":"guidelines","start":2271.122,"end":2271.67},{"text":"on","start":2271.848,"end":2271.912},{"text":"collision","start":2272.01,"end":2272.755},{"text":"avoidance.","start":2272.836,"end":2273.37}]},{"text":"We encourage the government of member states to establish similar kind of guidelines to ensure the space activities are conducted in a safe and sustainable manner while advancing innovations.","start":2275.249,"end":2291.948,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"A major recurring topic was the need for international rules and coordination mechanisms to manage growing traffic in orbit. Delegations highlighted legal and policy work on space traffic management, collision avoidance, and the supporting role of space situational awareness systems and data-sharing."},{"key":"commercial-space-actors","label":"Commercial Space Actors","description":"The growing role of private companies and other non-state actors was highlighted across the debate. 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Examples included regional initiatives, advisory missions, academic programs, and public outreach on space law."}],"words":[{"text":"Japan","start":2308.422,"end":2309},{"text":"is","start":2309.225,"end":2309.29},{"text":"committed","start":2309.386,"end":2309.852},{"text":"to","start":2310.189,"end":2310.35},{"text":"this","start":2310.35,"end":2310.591},{"text":"journey","start":2310.591,"end":2310.977},{"text":"through","start":2311.25,"end":2311.7},{"text":"capacity","start":2311.716,"end":2312.182},{"text":"building","start":2312.214,"end":2312.583},{"text":"initiative","start":2312.857,"end":2313.548},{"text":"and","start":2314.528,"end":2314.753},{"text":"technical","start":2315.427,"end":2316.086},{"text":"advisory","start":2316.134,"end":2316.6},{"text":"missions","start":2316.649,"end":2317.597},{"text":"such","start":2317.597,"end":2317.821},{"text":"as","start":2317.918,"end":2318.046},{"text":"Space","start":2318.32,"end":2318.689},{"text":"Law","start":2318.786,"end":2318.882},{"text":"for","start":2319.203,"end":2319.492},{"text":"New","start":2319.509,"end":2319.685},{"text":"Space","start":2319.685,"end":2320.151},{"text":"Actors","start":2320.151,"end":2320.698},{"text":"program.","start":2320.73,"end":2321.212}]},{"text":"Therein, Japan supports emerging spacefaring nations in crafting their own special laws and policies.","start":2321.854,"end":2331.061,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building","description":"Many speakers emphasized education, training, and technical assistance to help emerging space actors implement international law and develop national space legislation. Examples included regional initiatives, advisory missions, academic programs, and public outreach on space law."}],"words":[{"text":"Therein,","start":2321.854,"end":2322.385},{"text":"Japan","start":2323.22,"end":2323.622},{"text":"supports","start":2323.622,"end":2324.361},{"text":"emerging","start":2324.489,"end":2324.955},{"text":"spacefaring","start":2325.936,"end":2326.659},{"text":"nations","start":2326.659,"end":2327.125},{"text":"in","start":2327.783,"end":2327.848},{"text":"crafting","start":2328.121,"end":2328.571},{"text":"their","start":2328.763,"end":2328.956},{"text":"own","start":2329.149,"end":2329.262},{"text":"special","start":2329.262,"end":2329.663},{"text":"laws","start":2329.792,"end":2330.097},{"text":"and","start":2330.29,"end":2330.451},{"text":"policies.","start":2330.531,"end":2331.061}]},{"text":"Likewise, The National Space Legislation Initiative, which called NSLI, under the Pacific— under the Asian-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum, APRSAF, continues to foster regional cooperation and enhance capacity since 2019, helping Asian-Pacific countries and others draft and implement their national space legislation and/or policies in line with international norms.","start":2332.218,"end":2367.102,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building","description":"Many speakers emphasized education, training, and technical assistance to help emerging space actors implement international law and develop national space legislation. 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Speakers discussed wider ratification, national implementation, possible legal gaps, and the continued development of norms within a rules-based framework."}],"words":[{"text":"Likewise,","start":2332.218,"end":2332.909},{"text":"The","start":2333.086,"end":2333.183},{"text":"National","start":2333.183,"end":2333.753},{"text":"Space","start":2333.753,"end":2334.111},{"text":"Legislation","start":2334.225,"end":2335.087},{"text":"Initiative,","start":2335.38,"end":2336.095},{"text":"which","start":2336.844,"end":2336.974},{"text":"called","start":2337.072,"end":2337.381},{"text":"NSLI,","start":2337.495,"end":2338.389},{"text":"under","start":2342.666,"end":2342.746},{"text":"the","start":2342.746,"end":2342.794},{"text":"Pacific—","start":2342.794,"end":2342.939},{"text":"under","start":2342.939,"end":2343.228},{"text":"the","start":2343.228,"end":2343.308},{"text":"Asian-Pacific","start":2343.308,"end":2344.112},{"text":"Regional","start":2344.128,"end":2344.546},{"text":"Space","start":2344.835,"end":2345.269},{"text":"Agency","start":2345.317,"end":2345.735},{"text":"Forum,","start":2345.799,"end":2346.393},{"text":"APRSAF,","start":2347.181,"end":2347.727},{"text":"continues","start":2348.788,"end":2349.221},{"text":"to","start":2349.221,"end":2349.286},{"text":"foster","start":2349.43,"end":2349.993},{"text":"regional","start":2350.153,"end":2350.475},{"text":"cooperation","start":2350.475,"end":2351.326},{"text":"and","start":2351.905,"end":2352.017},{"text":"enhance","start":2352.147,"end":2352.633},{"text":"capacity","start":2352.633,"end":2353.103},{"text":"since","start":2353.621,"end":2354.042},{"text":"2019,","start":2354.107,"end":2355.047},{"text":"helping","start":2355.63,"end":2356.181},{"text":"Asian-Pacific","start":2356.359,"end":2357.088},{"text":"countries","start":2357.088,"end":2357.558},{"text":"and","start":2357.737,"end":2357.818},{"text":"others","start":2357.915,"end":2358.45},{"text":"draft","start":2358.6,"end":2359.037},{"text":"and","start":2359.183,"end":2359.361},{"text":"implement","start":2359.523,"end":2360.122},{"text":"their","start":2360.478,"end":2360.591},{"text":"national","start":2360.591,"end":2361.158},{"text":"space","start":2361.158,"end":2361.563},{"text":"legislation","start":2361.563,"end":2362.324},{"text":"and/or","start":2362.988,"end":2364.235},{"text":"policies","start":2364.624,"end":2365.077},{"text":"in","start":2365.353,"end":2365.482},{"text":"line","start":2365.515,"end":2365.887},{"text":"with","start":2366,"end":2366.114},{"text":"international","start":2366.162,"end":2366.664},{"text":"norms.","start":2366.664,"end":2367.102}]},{"text":"Upholding the rule of law in outer space is not optional.","start":2369.3,"end":2373.384,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-law","label":"International Space Law","description":"Many delegations stressed the central role of the Outer Space Treaty and the other UN space treaties as the legal foundation for activities in outer space. 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Speakers referred to the working group on space resources, national legislation, Artemis-related cooperation, and the need for principles that support responsible future utilization."}],"words":[{"text":"Japanese","start":2464.518,"end":2464.907},{"text":"government","start":2465.004,"end":2465.603},{"text":"and","start":2465.652,"end":2465.943},{"text":"Japan","start":2466.64,"end":2467.174},{"text":"supports","start":2467.627,"end":2468.291},{"text":"Artemis","start":2468.583,"end":2468.939},{"text":"Accord","start":2469.052,"end":2469.894},{"text":"and","start":2470.024,"end":2470.251},{"text":"would","start":2471.238,"end":2471.335},{"text":"like","start":2471.335,"end":2471.546},{"text":"to","start":2471.578,"end":2471.676},{"text":"echo","start":2471.74,"end":2472.161},{"text":"the","start":2472.776,"end":2472.97},{"text":"notion","start":2473.923,"end":2474.359},{"text":"expressed","start":2474.553,"end":2474.973},{"text":"by","start":2474.973,"end":2475.215},{"text":"our","start":2475.845,"end":2476.088},{"text":"colleague","start":2476.088,"end":2476.604},{"text":"of","start":2476.814,"end":2476.911},{"text":"the","start":2476.911,"end":2476.976},{"text":"United","start":2476.976,"end":2477.331},{"text":"States","start":2477.331,"end":2477.816},{"text":"on","start":2478.446,"end":2478.575},{"text":"this","start":2478.607,"end":2478.785},{"text":"accord.","start":2479.011,"end":2479.496}]},{"text":"Before I conclude, allow me to underline one final point.","start":2482.463,"end":2486.566,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Before","start":2482.463,"end":2482.723},{"text":"I","start":2482.723,"end":2482.837},{"text":"conclude,","start":2482.951,"end":2483.342},{"text":"allow","start":2484.172,"end":2484.286},{"text":"me","start":2484.368,"end":2484.514},{"text":"to","start":2484.514,"end":2484.824},{"text":"underline","start":2484.905,"end":2485.524},{"text":"one","start":2485.572,"end":2485.735},{"text":"final","start":2485.735,"end":2486.224},{"text":"point.","start":2486.224,"end":2486.566}]},{"text":"Japan highlights urgent needs of international norms for space debris remediation.","start":2487.808,"end":2493.977,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris-remediation","label":"Space Debris Remediation","description":"Delegations repeatedly raised the urgency of tackling space debris through mitigation, remediation, and active debris removal. The discussion covered new technologies, licensing approaches, zero-debris commitments, and legal arrangements for in-orbit servicing and debris-removal missions."}],"words":[{"text":"Japan","start":2487.808,"end":2488.354},{"text":"highlights","start":2488.788,"end":2489.415},{"text":"urgent","start":2489.897,"end":2490.25},{"text":"needs","start":2490.25,"end":2490.845},{"text":"of","start":2491.198,"end":2491.278},{"text":"international","start":2491.278,"end":2491.76},{"text":"norms","start":2491.76,"end":2492.162},{"text":"for","start":2492.226,"end":2492.339},{"text":"space","start":2492.339,"end":2492.596},{"text":"debris","start":2492.708,"end":2493.126},{"text":"remediation.","start":2493.206,"end":2493.977}]},{"text":"As a leading country in outer space activities, Japan is advancing research and the development of remediation technology and is, and is ready to lead in shaping international norms for remediation by sharing the knowledge it has gained and by fostering collaboration.","start":2495.118,"end":2516.938,"topics":[{"key":"space-debris-remediation","label":"Space Debris Remediation","description":"Delegations repeatedly raised the urgency of tackling space debris through mitigation, remediation, and active debris removal. 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Chair.","start":2539.702,"end":2541.404,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2539.702,"end":2540.585},{"text":"you,","start":2540.585,"end":2540.665},{"text":"Mr.","start":2540.682,"end":2540.987},{"text":"Chair.","start":2541.051,"end":2541.404}]},{"text":"Good morning.","start":2541.613,"end":2542.079,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":2541.613,"end":2541.79},{"text":"morning.","start":2541.79,"end":2542.079}]},{"text":"Finland aligns itself with the statement made by the European Union and would like to make the following remarks in its national 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rules-based international system is important in maintaining the peaceful nature of outer space and in assuring space activities are carried out in a safe and sustainable manner.","start":2552.148,"end":2562.987,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-security","label":"Peaceful Use and Security","description":"Several statements focused on preserving outer space for peaceful purposes and preventing an arms race or other destabilizing military developments. 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Speakers discussed wider ratification, national implementation, possible legal gaps, and the continued development of norms within a rules-based framework."}],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":2781.957,"end":2782.31},{"text":"Mr.","start":2782.326,"end":2782.614},{"text":"Chair,","start":2782.678,"end":2783.111},{"text":"we","start":2783.496,"end":2783.72},{"text":"acknowledge","start":2783.736,"end":2784.265},{"text":"the","start":2784.362,"end":2784.522},{"text":"Legal","start":2784.522,"end":2784.81},{"text":"Subcommittee","start":2784.81,"end":2785.66},{"text":"as","start":2785.74,"end":2785.868},{"text":"the","start":2785.9,"end":2785.981},{"text":"primary","start":2786.045,"end":2786.59},{"text":"forum","start":2786.606,"end":2786.99},{"text":"for","start":2787.247,"end":2787.375},{"text":"ensuring","start":2787.423,"end":2787.872},{"text":"that","start":2787.968,"end":2788.129},{"text":"space","start":2788.129,"end":2788.465},{"text":"activities","start":2788.465,"end":2789.074},{"text":"and","start":2789.331,"end":2789.491},{"text":"related","start":2789.491,"end":2790.132},{"text":"regulatory","start":2790.132,"end":2790.677},{"text":"developments","start":2790.773,"end":2791.511},{"text":"are","start":2791.575,"end":2791.671},{"text":"carried","start":2791.671,"end":2792.12},{"text":"out","start":2792.216,"end":2792.457},{"text":"in","start":2792.537,"end":2792.585},{"text":"accordance","start":2792.633,"end":2793.098},{"text":"with","start":2793.114,"end":2793.258},{"text":"international","start":2793.258,"end":2793.979},{"text":"law.","start":2793.979,"end":2794.108}]},{"text":"Finland reiterates the role of the United Nations Treaties on Outer Space, together with the related UN General Assembly resolutions and sets of principles, as the cornerstones, stones of international space law.","start":2795.021,"end":2808.005,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-law","label":"International Space Law","description":"Many delegations stressed the central role of the Outer Space Treaty and the other UN space treaties as the legal foundation for activities in outer space. 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you, Mr.","start":2820.239,"end":2820.839,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2820.239,"end":2820.482},{"text":"you,","start":2820.482,"end":2820.563},{"text":"Mr.","start":2820.58,"end":2820.839}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair.","start":2820.888,"end":2821.213,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair.","start":2820.888,"end":2821.213}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"FIN","affiliation_full":"Finland","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":9,"start":2826.549,"pageUrl":"/fr/asset/k12/k12yn1jav9?lang=en&t=2827","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Finland for her 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Subcommittee.","start":2842.855,"end":2847.971,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Norway","start":2842.855,"end":2843.144},{"text":"wishes","start":2843.144,"end":2843.402},{"text":"to","start":2843.402,"end":2843.498},{"text":"thank","start":2843.547,"end":2843.868},{"text":"you","start":2843.868,"end":2843.965},{"text":"for","start":2843.965,"end":2844.158},{"text":"chairing","start":2844.448,"end":2844.818},{"text":"this","start":2844.85,"end":2845.011},{"text":"64th","start":2845.011,"end":2845.96},{"text":"session","start":2845.992,"end":2846.378},{"text":"of","start":2846.378,"end":2846.523},{"text":"the","start":2846.523,"end":2846.603},{"text":"Legal","start":2846.603,"end":2847.054},{"text":"Subcommittee.","start":2847.327,"end":2847.971}]},{"text":"Please rest assured of Norway's 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Latvia.","start":2862.191,"end":2867.402,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2862.191,"end":2862.24},{"text":"that","start":2862.272,"end":2862.45},{"text":"respect,","start":2862.45,"end":2862.984},{"text":"my","start":2863.243,"end":2863.389},{"text":"delegation","start":2863.389,"end":2863.89},{"text":"welcomes","start":2863.89,"end":2864.344},{"text":"the","start":2864.376,"end":2864.473},{"text":"new","start":2864.473,"end":2864.683},{"text":"members","start":2864.683,"end":2864.991},{"text":"to","start":2865.023,"end":2865.12},{"text":"the","start":2865.12,"end":2865.185},{"text":"committee,","start":2865.185,"end":2865.557},{"text":"Djibouti","start":2865.897,"end":2866.253},{"text":"and","start":2866.545,"end":2866.771},{"text":"Latvia.","start":2866.965,"end":2867.402}]},{"text":"Norway continues to condemn Russia's illegal full-scale war against Ukraine.","start":2869.41,"end":2873.291,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-security","label":"Peaceful Use and 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Speakers referred to keeping space free of nuclear weapons, concerns about militarization, and the importance of governance that supports peace and international security."}],"words":[{"text":"Norway","start":2869.41,"end":2869.523},{"text":"continues","start":2869.523,"end":2869.976},{"text":"to","start":2870.073,"end":2870.218},{"text":"condemn","start":2870.234,"end":2870.525},{"text":"Russia's","start":2870.962,"end":2871.253},{"text":"illegal","start":2871.383,"end":2871.738},{"text":"full-scale","start":2871.771,"end":2872.272},{"text":"war","start":2872.272,"end":2872.515},{"text":"against","start":2872.515,"end":2872.838},{"text":"Ukraine.","start":2872.838,"end":2873.291}]},{"text":"Norway calls for Russia to cease hostilities and unconditionally withdraw all forces and military equipment from within Ukraine's internationally recognized borders.","start":2873.889,"end":2882.896,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-security","label":"Peaceful Use and Security","description":"Several statements focused on preserving outer space for peaceful purposes and preventing an arms race or other destabilizing military developments. Speakers referred to keeping space free of nuclear weapons, concerns about militarization, and the importance of governance that supports peace and international security."}],"words":[{"text":"Norway","start":2873.889,"end":2874.132},{"text":"calls","start":2874.197,"end":2874.423},{"text":"for","start":2874.52,"end":2874.633},{"text":"Russia","start":2874.682,"end":2874.973},{"text":"to","start":2875.264,"end":2875.409},{"text":"cease","start":2875.409,"end":2875.733},{"text":"hostilities","start":2875.733,"end":2876.283},{"text":"and","start":2876.703,"end":2876.8},{"text":"unconditionally","start":2876.8,"end":2877.447},{"text":"withdraw","start":2877.512,"end":2877.738},{"text":"all","start":2877.754,"end":2877.803},{"text":"forces","start":2878.078,"end":2878.466},{"text":"and","start":2878.66,"end":2878.79},{"text":"military","start":2878.79,"end":2879.112},{"text":"equipment","start":2879.144,"end":2879.869},{"text":"from","start":2880.336,"end":2880.464},{"text":"within","start":2880.497,"end":2880.706},{"text":"Ukraine's","start":2880.738,"end":2881.334},{"text":"internationally","start":2881.382,"end":2882.011},{"text":"recognized","start":2882.027,"end":2882.494},{"text":"borders.","start":2882.59,"end":2882.896}]},{"text":"Chair, There is a vast and evolving potential for activities in outer space.","start":2884.7,"end":2889.424,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":2884.7,"end":2884.877},{"text":"There","start":2886.026,"end":2886.138},{"text":"is","start":2886.17,"end":2886.235},{"text":"a","start":2886.283,"end":2886.299},{"text":"vast","start":2886.299,"end":2886.847},{"text":"and","start":2886.992,"end":2887.056},{"text":"evolving","start":2887.089,"end":2887.443},{"text":"potential","start":2887.54,"end":2888.023},{"text":"for","start":2888.039,"end":2888.184},{"text":"activities","start":2888.184,"end":2888.732},{"text":"in","start":2888.828,"end":2888.877},{"text":"outer","start":2888.909,"end":2889.086},{"text":"space.","start":2889.086,"end":2889.424}]},{"text":"The pace of progress reminds us of the importance of the multilateral efforts to COPUS to develop norms and guidelines for the exploration and peaceful uses of outer space.","start":2890.278,"end":2899.179,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-law","label":"International Space Law","description":"Many delegations stressed the central role of the Outer Space Treaty and the other UN space treaties as the legal foundation for activities in outer space. Speakers discussed wider ratification, national implementation, possible legal gaps, and the continued development of norms within a rules-based framework."},{"key":"peaceful-use-security","label":"Peaceful Use and Security","description":"Several statements focused on preserving outer space for peaceful purposes and preventing an arms race or other destabilizing military developments. Speakers referred to keeping space free of nuclear weapons, concerns about militarization, and the importance of governance that supports peace and international security."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2890.278,"end":2890.359},{"text":"pace","start":2890.359,"end":2890.616},{"text":"of","start":2890.616,"end":2890.681},{"text":"progress","start":2890.697,"end":2891.132},{"text":"reminds","start":2891.325,"end":2891.712},{"text":"us","start":2891.744,"end":2891.841},{"text":"of","start":2891.969,"end":2892.034},{"text":"the","start":2892.13,"end":2892.163},{"text":"importance","start":2892.163,"end":2892.726},{"text":"of","start":2893.274,"end":2893.355},{"text":"the","start":2893.355,"end":2893.435},{"text":"multilateral","start":2893.435,"end":2894.031},{"text":"efforts","start":2894.08,"end":2894.402},{"text":"to","start":2894.402,"end":2894.53},{"text":"COPUS","start":2894.546,"end":2894.916},{"text":"to","start":2895.126,"end":2895.27},{"text":"develop","start":2895.27,"end":2895.608},{"text":"norms","start":2895.624,"end":2895.978},{"text":"and","start":2896.091,"end":2896.155},{"text":"guidelines","start":2896.171,"end":2896.734},{"text":"for","start":2896.975,"end":2897.072},{"text":"the","start":2897.072,"end":2897.201},{"text":"exploration","start":2897.201,"end":2897.731},{"text":"and","start":2897.764,"end":2897.86},{"text":"peaceful","start":2897.86,"end":2898.246},{"text":"uses","start":2898.246,"end":2898.552},{"text":"of","start":2898.6,"end":2898.729},{"text":"outer","start":2898.729,"end":2898.906},{"text":"space.","start":2898.906,"end":2899.179}]},{"text":"Norway remains committed to the work of COPUS and its subcommittees.","start":2900.418,"end":2903.699,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Norway","start":2900.418,"end":2900.595},{"text":"remains","start":2900.611,"end":2901.045},{"text":"committed","start":2901.141,"end":2901.528},{"text":"to","start":2901.801,"end":2901.962},{"text":"the","start":2901.962,"end":2902.042},{"text":"work","start":2902.042,"end":2902.3},{"text":"of","start":2902.3,"end":2902.412},{"text":"COPUS","start":2902.428,"end":2902.798},{"text":"and","start":2902.991,"end":2903.072},{"text":"its","start":2903.088,"end":2903.2},{"text":"subcommittees.","start":2903.233,"end":2903.699}]},{"text":"Our priorities in COPUS have not changed.","start":2905.63,"end":2907.742,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":2905.63,"end":2905.662},{"text":"priorities","start":2905.662,"end":2906.194},{"text":"in","start":2906.226,"end":2906.274},{"text":"COPUS","start":2906.371,"end":2906.806},{"text":"have","start":2906.935,"end":2907.016},{"text":"not","start":2907.016,"end":2907.193},{"text":"changed.","start":2907.193,"end":2907.742}]},{"text":"The Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities The Working Group on Long-Term Sustainability, Space as an Asset to Combat Climate Change, the Space 2030 Agenda, and Space Traffic Management are still among our priorities.","start":2908.08,"end":2920.049,"topics":[{"key":"space-resources","label":"Space Resources","description":"Several statements focused on the legal and policy framework for space resource activities, especially on the Moon. Speakers referred to the working group on space resources, national legislation, Artemis-related cooperation, and the need for principles that support responsible future utilization."},{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"A major recurring topic was the need for international rules and coordination mechanisms to manage growing traffic in orbit. Delegations highlighted legal and policy work on space traffic management, collision avoidance, and the supporting role of space situational awareness systems and data-sharing."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2908.08,"end":2908.225},{"text":"Working","start":2908.225,"end":2908.451},{"text":"Group","start":2908.467,"end":2908.709},{"text":"on","start":2908.709,"end":2908.806},{"text":"Legal","start":2908.806,"end":2909.031},{"text":"Aspects","start":2909.031,"end":2909.596},{"text":"of","start":2909.596,"end":2909.628},{"text":"Space","start":2909.628,"end":2909.999},{"text":"Resource","start":2909.999,"end":2910.418},{"text":"Activities","start":2910.418,"end":2910.87},{"text":"The","start":2911.199,"end":2911.302},{"text":"Working","start":2911.302,"end":2911.558},{"text":"Group","start":2911.558,"end":2911.798},{"text":"on","start":2911.798,"end":2911.866},{"text":"Long-Term","start":2911.866,"end":2912.311},{"text":"Sustainability,","start":2912.311,"end":2912.755},{"text":"Space","start":2913.852,"end":2913.949},{"text":"as","start":2913.949,"end":2914.095},{"text":"an","start":2914.095,"end":2914.24},{"text":"Asset","start":2914.24,"end":2914.726},{"text":"to","start":2914.726,"end":2914.871},{"text":"Combat","start":2914.887,"end":2915.211},{"text":"Climate","start":2915.211,"end":2915.535},{"text":"Change,","start":2915.535,"end":2915.923},{"text":"the","start":2916.117,"end":2916.182},{"text":"Space","start":2916.182,"end":2916.441},{"text":"2030","start":2916.441,"end":2916.894},{"text":"Agenda,","start":2916.91,"end":2917.25},{"text":"and","start":2917.492,"end":2917.589},{"text":"Space","start":2917.589,"end":2917.783},{"text":"Traffic","start":2917.881,"end":2918.139},{"text":"Management","start":2918.139,"end":2918.867},{"text":"are","start":2918.932,"end":2918.965},{"text":"still","start":2918.965,"end":2919.207},{"text":"among","start":2919.207,"end":2919.401},{"text":"our","start":2919.498,"end":2919.579},{"text":"priorities.","start":2919.579,"end":2920.049}]},{"text":"Regarding space resources, Norway congratulates the Vice Chair, Professor Stephen Freeland, on delivering an initial set of draft recommended principles on space resources.","start":2921.992,"end":2931.152,"topics":[{"key":"space-resources","label":"Space Resources","description":"Several statements focused on the legal and policy framework for space resource activities, especially on the Moon. Speakers referred to the working group on space resources, national legislation, Artemis-related cooperation, and the need for principles that support responsible future utilization."}],"words":[{"text":"Regarding","start":2921.992,"end":2922.185},{"text":"space","start":2922.185,"end":2922.395},{"text":"resources,","start":2922.395,"end":2922.926},{"text":"Norway","start":2923.426,"end":2923.668},{"text":"congratulates","start":2923.668,"end":2924.425},{"text":"the","start":2924.489,"end":2924.634},{"text":"Vice","start":2924.634,"end":2924.876},{"text":"Chair,","start":2924.876,"end":2925.086},{"text":"Professor","start":2925.215,"end":2925.617},{"text":"Stephen","start":2925.617,"end":2925.956},{"text":"Freeland,","start":2926.004,"end":2926.391},{"text":"on","start":2926.665,"end":2926.729},{"text":"delivering","start":2926.745,"end":2927.197},{"text":"an","start":2927.454,"end":2927.551},{"text":"initial","start":2927.551,"end":2927.857},{"text":"set","start":2927.857,"end":2928.196},{"text":"of","start":2928.276,"end":2928.405},{"text":"draft","start":2928.437,"end":2928.84},{"text":"recommended","start":2928.84,"end":2929.292},{"text":"principles","start":2929.308,"end":2929.856},{"text":"on","start":2930.355,"end":2930.42},{"text":"space","start":2930.42,"end":2930.696},{"text":"resources.","start":2930.696,"end":2931.152}]},{"text":"We will deliver a separate statement regarding space resources under Agenda Item 8.","start":2932.243,"end":2936.166,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2932.243,"end":2932.275},{"text":"will","start":2932.324,"end":2932.471},{"text":"deliver","start":2932.471,"end":2932.812},{"text":"a","start":2932.812,"end":2932.829},{"text":"separate","start":2932.829,"end":2933.203},{"text":"statement","start":2933.203,"end":2933.708},{"text":"regarding","start":2933.708,"end":2934.049},{"text":"space","start":2934.049,"end":2934.424},{"text":"resources","start":2934.424,"end":2934.945},{"text":"under","start":2935.173,"end":2935.352},{"text":"Agenda","start":2935.352,"end":2935.726},{"text":"Item","start":2935.726,"end":2935.921},{"text":"8.","start":2935.97,"end":2936.166}]},{"text":"My delegation also wishes to express our condolences to the Polish delegation on the passing away of Ambassador Misztal.","start":2937.454,"end":2943.949,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":2937.454,"end":2937.551},{"text":"delegation","start":2937.551,"end":2938.103},{"text":"also","start":2938.103,"end":2938.298},{"text":"wishes","start":2938.347,"end":2938.607},{"text":"to","start":2938.607,"end":2938.753},{"text":"express","start":2938.753,"end":2939.175},{"text":"our","start":2939.175,"end":2939.256},{"text":"condolences","start":2939.256,"end":2939.954},{"text":"to","start":2940.149,"end":2940.247},{"text":"the","start":2940.247,"end":2940.377},{"text":"Polish","start":2940.377,"end":2940.653},{"text":"delegation","start":2940.701,"end":2941.335},{"text":"on","start":2941.529,"end":2941.594},{"text":"the","start":2941.594,"end":2941.692},{"text":"passing","start":2941.692,"end":2942.065},{"text":"away","start":2942.098,"end":2942.422},{"text":"of","start":2942.991,"end":2943.039},{"text":"Ambassador","start":2943.056,"end":2943.494},{"text":"Misztal.","start":2943.494,"end":2943.949}]},{"text":"NORIS is also pleased with the progress made on the draft final report and annex to the final report made during the informal meetings of the Working Group on Long-Term Sustainability in April.","start":2946.19,"end":2955.059,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"NORIS","start":2946.19,"end":2946.464},{"text":"is","start":2946.464,"end":2946.545},{"text":"also","start":2946.545,"end":2946.739},{"text":"pleased","start":2946.868,"end":2947.256},{"text":"with","start":2947.256,"end":2947.337},{"text":"the","start":2947.337,"end":2947.417},{"text":"progress","start":2947.417,"end":2947.837},{"text":"made","start":2947.837,"end":2948.144},{"text":"on","start":2948.144,"end":2948.225},{"text":"the","start":2948.225,"end":2948.322},{"text":"draft","start":2948.322,"end":2948.629},{"text":"final","start":2948.629,"end":2948.887},{"text":"report","start":2948.887,"end":2949.372},{"text":"and","start":2949.372,"end":2949.517},{"text":"annex","start":2949.517,"end":2949.938},{"text":"to","start":2949.938,"end":2950.083},{"text":"the","start":2950.083,"end":2950.164},{"text":"final","start":2950.164,"end":2950.438},{"text":"report","start":2950.438,"end":2950.891},{"text":"made","start":2950.891,"end":2951.133},{"text":"during","start":2951.133,"end":2951.343},{"text":"the","start":2951.391,"end":2951.472},{"text":"informal","start":2951.472,"end":2952.038},{"text":"meetings","start":2952.038,"end":2952.49},{"text":"of","start":2952.619,"end":2952.7},{"text":"the","start":2952.7,"end":2952.829},{"text":"Working","start":2952.829,"end":2953.072},{"text":"Group","start":2953.072,"end":2953.33},{"text":"on","start":2953.33,"end":2953.475},{"text":"Long-Term","start":2953.475,"end":2953.879},{"text":"Sustainability","start":2953.879,"end":2954.59},{"text":"in","start":2954.606,"end":2954.719},{"text":"April.","start":2954.768,"end":2955.059}]},{"text":"NORIS welcomes further discussions in the Working Group during the meeting of the Main Committee in June.","start":2956.01,"end":2960.615,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"NORIS","start":2956.01,"end":2956.172},{"text":"welcomes","start":2956.204,"end":2956.577},{"text":"further","start":2956.674,"end":2956.918},{"text":"discussions","start":2956.918,"end":2957.55},{"text":"in","start":2957.729,"end":2957.826},{"text":"the","start":2957.826,"end":2957.875},{"text":"Working","start":2957.907,"end":2958.15},{"text":"Group","start":2958.15,"end":2958.539},{"text":"during","start":2958.718,"end":2958.929},{"text":"the","start":2958.961,"end":2959.026},{"text":"meeting","start":2959.026,"end":2959.415},{"text":"of","start":2959.61,"end":2959.675},{"text":"the","start":2959.691,"end":2959.756},{"text":"Main","start":2959.756,"end":2959.999},{"text":"Committee","start":2959.999,"end":2960.307},{"text":"in","start":2960.323,"end":2960.372},{"text":"June.","start":2960.421,"end":2960.615}]},{"text":"As for the Space 23 agenda, Norway has submitted its report for the midterm review of the Space 2030 agenda.","start":2961.945,"end":2967.543,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":2961.945,"end":2962.01},{"text":"for","start":2962.107,"end":2962.205},{"text":"the","start":2962.205,"end":2962.269},{"text":"Space","start":2962.269,"end":2962.529},{"text":"23","start":2962.529,"end":2962.999},{"text":"agenda,","start":2963.032,"end":2963.405},{"text":"Norway","start":2963.626,"end":2963.871},{"text":"has","start":2963.887,"end":2964.018},{"text":"submitted","start":2964.05,"end":2964.442},{"text":"its","start":2964.442,"end":2964.605},{"text":"report","start":2964.605,"end":2965.029},{"text":"for","start":2965.029,"end":2965.144},{"text":"the","start":2965.144,"end":2965.209},{"text":"midterm","start":2965.209,"end":2965.535},{"text":"review","start":2965.535,"end":2965.911},{"text":"of","start":2966.172,"end":2966.253},{"text":"the","start":2966.253,"end":2966.335},{"text":"Space","start":2966.335,"end":2966.58},{"text":"2030","start":2966.58,"end":2967.053},{"text":"agenda.","start":2967.086,"end":2967.543}]},{"text":"Norway also supports the holding of a Unispace 4 conference in 2027.","start":2969.41,"end":2973.78,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Norway","start":2969.41,"end":2969.523},{"text":"also","start":2969.523,"end":2969.749},{"text":"supports","start":2969.749,"end":2970.365},{"text":"the","start":2971.125,"end":2971.206},{"text":"holding","start":2971.206,"end":2971.465},{"text":"of","start":2971.53,"end":2971.644},{"text":"a","start":2971.644,"end":2971.692},{"text":"Unispace","start":2971.692,"end":2972.194},{"text":"4","start":2972.194,"end":2972.421},{"text":"conference","start":2972.421,"end":2972.858},{"text":"in","start":2972.922,"end":2973.003},{"text":"2027.","start":2973.003,"end":2973.78}]},{"text":"When it comes to space traffic management, this topic is gaining increased importance as the number of objects and activities in space continue to grow.","start":2976.306,"end":2983.868,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"A major recurring topic was the need for international rules and coordination mechanisms to manage growing traffic in orbit. Delegations highlighted legal and policy work on space traffic management, collision avoidance, and the supporting role of space situational awareness systems and data-sharing."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":2976.306,"end":2976.403},{"text":"it","start":2976.403,"end":2976.468},{"text":"comes","start":2976.468,"end":2976.694},{"text":"to","start":2976.727,"end":2976.808},{"text":"space","start":2976.808,"end":2977.131},{"text":"traffic","start":2977.131,"end":2977.52},{"text":"management,","start":2977.52,"end":2977.957},{"text":"this","start":2978.31,"end":2978.974},{"text":"topic","start":2978.974,"end":2979.266},{"text":"is","start":2979.314,"end":2979.395},{"text":"gaining","start":2979.46,"end":2979.768},{"text":"increased","start":2979.8,"end":2980.206},{"text":"importance","start":2980.206,"end":2980.724},{"text":"as","start":2980.838,"end":2980.902},{"text":"the","start":2981,"end":2981.097},{"text":"number","start":2981.097,"end":2981.34},{"text":"of","start":2981.34,"end":2981.486},{"text":"objects","start":2981.486,"end":2981.858},{"text":"and","start":2981.907,"end":2982.053},{"text":"activities","start":2982.053,"end":2982.604},{"text":"in","start":2982.782,"end":2982.879},{"text":"space","start":2982.879,"end":2983.155},{"text":"continue","start":2983.268,"end":2983.609},{"text":"to","start":2983.609,"end":2983.706},{"text":"grow.","start":2983.706,"end":2983.868}]},{"text":"We believe the suggestion made by Germany during last year's session of the Legal Subcommittee, to give a mandate to a study group of experts to come up with a proposal on how to move forward on space traffic management is very positive.","start":2984.946,"end":2996.358,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"A major recurring topic was the need for international rules and coordination mechanisms to manage growing traffic in orbit. 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you may rest assured of Luxembourg's support in your leading of our work in a constructive and fruitful 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Speakers discussed wider ratification, national implementation, possible legal gaps, and the continued development of norms within a rules-based framework."}],"words":[{"text":"the","start":3651.78,"end":3652.093},{"text":"Outer","start":3652.291,"end":3652.39},{"text":"Space","start":3652.39,"end":3652.803},{"text":"Treaty","start":3652.803,"end":3653.15},{"text":"during","start":3653.299,"end":3653.513},{"text":"the","start":3653.53,"end":3653.612},{"text":"last","start":3653.612,"end":3653.86},{"text":"session","start":3653.86,"end":3654.108},{"text":"of","start":3654.108,"end":3654.157},{"text":"the","start":3654.19,"end":3654.372},{"text":"Legal","start":3654.372,"end":3654.57},{"text":"Subcommittee.","start":3654.603,"end":3654.917}]},{"text":"The Pact for the Future reiterates the importance of the broadest possible adhesion to the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, and it also emphasizes the essential role of the safe and sustainable use of outer space for implementation of Agenda 2030.","start":3657.769,"end":3674.428,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-law","label":"International Space Law","description":"Many delegations stressed the central role of the Outer Space Treaty and the other UN space treaties as the legal foundation for activities in outer space. 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this backdrop, Luxembourg hopes that the committee will come to agreement on the goals, location, organization, and funding of the Unispace 4 conference in 2027.","start":3675.106,"end":3685.942,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Against","start":3675.106,"end":3675.72},{"text":"this","start":3675.72,"end":3675.979},{"text":"backdrop,","start":3675.979,"end":3676.547},{"text":"Luxembourg","start":3677.213,"end":3677.668},{"text":"hopes","start":3677.684,"end":3678.122},{"text":"that","start":3678.187,"end":3678.35},{"text":"the","start":3678.35,"end":3678.431},{"text":"committee","start":3678.431,"end":3678.723},{"text":"will","start":3678.755,"end":3678.902},{"text":"come","start":3678.918,"end":3679.048},{"text":"to","start":3679.226,"end":3679.47},{"text":"agreement","start":3679.502,"end":3681.791},{"text":"on","start":3680.033,"end":3680.114},{"text":"the","start":3680.114,"end":3680.357},{"text":"goals,","start":3680.357,"end":3680.81},{"text":"location,","start":3680.842,"end":3681.377},{"text":"organization,","start":3681.814,"end":3682.461},{"text":"and","start":3682.542,"end":3682.672},{"text":"funding","start":3682.688,"end":3683.044},{"text":"of","start":3683.109,"end":3683.238},{"text":"the","start":3683.271,"end":3683.352},{"text":"Unispace","start":3683.352,"end":3683.821},{"text":"4","start":3683.918,"end":3684.113},{"text":"conference","start":3684.242,"end":3684.809},{"text":"in","start":3684.873,"end":3684.938},{"text":"2027.","start":3684.971,"end":3685.942}]},{"text":"Thank you for your attention.","start":3686.816,"end":3687.545,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3686.816,"end":3687.059},{"text":"you","start":3687.059,"end":3687.124},{"text":"for","start":3687.14,"end":3687.221},{"text":"your","start":3687.221,"end":3687.383},{"text":"attention.","start":3687.383,"end":3687.545}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"LUX","affiliation_full":"Luxembourg","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":15,"start":3689.852,"pageUrl":"/fr/asset/k12/k12yn1jav9?lang=en&t=3690","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Muchas gracias, distinguido representante.","start":3689.852,"end":3691.149,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Muchas","start":3689.852,"end":3690.063},{"text":"gracias,","start":3690.095,"end":3690.566},{"text":"distinguido","start":3690.582,"end":3690.857},{"text":"representante.","start":3690.857,"end":3691.149}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, distinguished representative of Luxembourg, for your statement.","start":3691.312,"end":3694.198,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3691.312,"end":3691.539},{"text":"you","start":3691.539,"end":3691.604},{"text":"very","start":3691.62,"end":3691.733},{"text":"much,","start":3691.733,"end":3691.928},{"text":"distinguished","start":3691.96,"end":3692.431},{"text":"representative","start":3692.431,"end":3692.998},{"text":"of","start":3692.998,"end":3693.096},{"text":"Luxembourg,","start":3693.16,"end":3693.663},{"text":"for","start":3693.728,"end":3693.89},{"text":"your","start":3693.89,"end":3693.939},{"text":"statement.","start":3693.939,"end":3694.198}]},{"text":"The following speaker is the distinguished representative of Austria.","start":3695.86,"end":3699.662,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3695.86,"end":3695.892},{"text":"following","start":3695.892,"end":3696.22},{"text":"speaker","start":3696.22,"end":3696.728},{"text":"is","start":3696.876,"end":3697.007},{"text":"the","start":3697.04,"end":3697.187},{"text":"distinguished","start":3697.187,"end":3697.548},{"text":"representative","start":3697.548,"end":3698.236},{"text":"of","start":3699.007,"end":3699.138},{"text":"Austria.","start":3699.154,"end":3699.662}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":16,"start":3703.858,"pageUrl":"/fr/asset/k12/k12yn1jav9?lang=en&t=3704","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":3703.858,"end":3704.522,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3703.858,"end":3704.02},{"text":"you,","start":3704.036,"end":3704.166},{"text":"Chair.","start":3704.182,"end":3704.522}]},{"text":"As this is the first time that Austria takes the floor, I would like to thank you, Chair, for your excellent chairmanship.","start":3705.088,"end":3710.385,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":3705.088,"end":3705.169},{"text":"this","start":3705.169,"end":3705.396},{"text":"is","start":3705.396,"end":3705.493},{"text":"the","start":3705.493,"end":3705.574},{"text":"first","start":3705.574,"end":3705.849},{"text":"time","start":3705.881,"end":3706.059},{"text":"that","start":3706.059,"end":3706.221},{"text":"Austria","start":3706.286,"end":3706.561},{"text":"takes","start":3706.561,"end":3706.868},{"text":"the","start":3706.884,"end":3706.965},{"text":"floor,","start":3707.014,"end":3707.289},{"text":"I","start":3707.338,"end":3707.354},{"text":"would","start":3707.37,"end":3707.596},{"text":"like","start":3707.596,"end":3707.758},{"text":"to","start":3707.758,"end":3707.888},{"text":"thank","start":3707.904,"end":3708.244},{"text":"you,","start":3708.244,"end":3708.406},{"text":"Chair,","start":3708.47,"end":3708.826},{"text":"for","start":3709.166,"end":3709.23},{"text":"your","start":3709.23,"end":3709.407},{"text":"excellent","start":3709.407,"end":3709.76},{"text":"chairmanship.","start":3709.808,"end":3710.385}]},{"text":"We are confident that our work during this session of the subcommittee will greatly benefit from your skills and experience.","start":3710.786,"end":3716.658,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3710.786,"end":3710.851},{"text":"are","start":3710.851,"end":3710.931},{"text":"confident","start":3710.931,"end":3711.412},{"text":"that","start":3711.412,"end":3711.573},{"text":"our","start":3711.573,"end":3711.733},{"text":"work","start":3711.749,"end":3711.909},{"text":"during","start":3711.909,"end":3712.23},{"text":"this","start":3712.23,"end":3712.343},{"text":"session","start":3712.391,"end":3712.744},{"text":"of","start":3712.776,"end":3712.872},{"text":"the","start":3712.872,"end":3712.952},{"text":"subcommittee","start":3712.952,"end":3713.77},{"text":"will","start":3714.236,"end":3714.38},{"text":"greatly","start":3714.38,"end":3714.765},{"text":"benefit","start":3714.797,"end":3715.198},{"text":"from","start":3715.198,"end":3715.343},{"text":"your","start":3715.439,"end":3715.535},{"text":"skills","start":3715.535,"end":3715.888},{"text":"and","start":3715.984,"end":3716.081},{"text":"experience.","start":3716.081,"end":3716.658}]},{"text":"I would also like to express our gratitude to the Director of the Office of Outer Space Affairs, Mrs. Arti Hollamäini, and her able and dedicated team for the preparation of this session.","start":3716.899,"end":3726.878,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3716.899,"end":3716.947},{"text":"would","start":3717.589,"end":3717.685},{"text":"also","start":3717.685,"end":3717.862},{"text":"like","start":3717.926,"end":3718.102},{"text":"to","start":3718.15,"end":3718.215},{"text":"express","start":3718.231,"end":3718.519},{"text":"our","start":3718.632,"end":3718.792},{"text":"gratitude","start":3718.792,"end":3719.209},{"text":"to","start":3719.209,"end":3719.338},{"text":"the","start":3719.37,"end":3719.418},{"text":"Director","start":3719.434,"end":3719.739},{"text":"of","start":3719.739,"end":3719.787},{"text":"the","start":3719.835,"end":3719.995},{"text":"Office","start":3719.995,"end":3720.284},{"text":"of","start":3720.83,"end":3720.958},{"text":"Outer","start":3720.958,"end":3721.15},{"text":"Space","start":3721.15,"end":3721.519},{"text":"Affairs,","start":3721.519,"end":3721.744},{"text":"Mrs.","start":3721.872,"end":3722.113},{"text":"Arti","start":3722.241,"end":3722.498},{"text":"Hollamäini,","start":3722.498,"end":3723.108},{"text":"and","start":3723.541,"end":3723.605},{"text":"her","start":3723.605,"end":3723.766},{"text":"able","start":3723.782,"end":3724.022},{"text":"and","start":3724.022,"end":3724.167},{"text":"dedicated","start":3724.167,"end":3724.728},{"text":"team","start":3724.728,"end":3725.001},{"text":"for","start":3725.45,"end":3725.546},{"text":"the","start":3725.546,"end":3725.691},{"text":"preparation","start":3725.691,"end":3726.268},{"text":"of","start":3726.268,"end":3726.397},{"text":"this","start":3726.413,"end":3726.509},{"text":"session.","start":3726.509,"end":3726.878}]},{"text":"At the outset, let me welcome the 2 most recent members of COPOS, Djibouti and Latvia.","start":3728.049,"end":3733.087,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":3728.049,"end":3728.129},{"text":"the","start":3728.129,"end":3728.258},{"text":"outset,","start":3728.258,"end":3728.755},{"text":"let","start":3729.156,"end":3729.317},{"text":"me","start":3729.317,"end":3729.445},{"text":"welcome","start":3729.461,"end":3729.878},{"text":"the","start":3729.878,"end":3730.023},{"text":"2","start":3730.023,"end":3730.183},{"text":"most","start":3730.183,"end":3730.584},{"text":"recent","start":3730.584,"end":3730.921},{"text":"members","start":3730.921,"end":3731.21},{"text":"of","start":3731.242,"end":3731.37},{"text":"COPOS,","start":3731.386,"end":3731.771},{"text":"Djibouti","start":3731.868,"end":3732.413},{"text":"and","start":3732.509,"end":3732.606},{"text":"Latvia.","start":3732.606,"end":3733.087}]},{"text":"Let me also express our deepest condolences on the passing of Ambassador 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Austria wishes to express its gratitude to the Secretariat and all contributing member states that ensured the success of last year's Summit of the 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Grand Pact for the Future contains a clear message that the work of COPUOS will be crucial for advancing the interests and development of 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this respect, we welcome the mandate to hold a 4th UNISPACE Conference.","start":3882.22,"end":3886.155,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3882.22,"end":3882.3},{"text":"this","start":3882.3,"end":3882.525},{"text":"respect,","start":3882.525,"end":3883.007},{"text":"we","start":3883.103,"end":3883.184},{"text":"welcome","start":3883.248,"end":3883.537},{"text":"the","start":3883.585,"end":3883.666},{"text":"mandate","start":3883.666,"end":3884.147},{"text":"to","start":3884.147,"end":3884.292},{"text":"hold","start":3884.292,"end":3884.549},{"text":"a","start":3884.549,"end":3884.613},{"text":"4th","start":3884.613,"end":3884.918},{"text":"UNISPACE","start":3885.015,"end":3885.513},{"text":"Conference.","start":3885.513,"end":3886.155}]},{"text":"In light of the success of previous UNISPACE Conferences, which have all been held in Vienna, we are looking forward to the Committee agreeing on the programme of work and venue of this 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Austria wants to emphasize the need for new initiatives to advance work on concrete measures regarding the issue of space traffic management in COPUOS.","start":3898.364,"end":3907.57,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"A major recurring topic was the need for international rules and coordination mechanisms to manage growing traffic in orbit. Delegations highlighted legal and policy work on space traffic management, collision avoidance, and the supporting role of space situational awareness systems and data-sharing."}],"words":[{"text":"Additionally,","start":3898.364,"end":3898.974},{"text":"Austria","start":3899.472,"end":3899.729},{"text":"wants","start":3899.793,"end":3899.97},{"text":"to","start":3899.97,"end":3900.115},{"text":"emphasize","start":3900.131,"end":3900.581},{"text":"the","start":3900.613,"end":3900.709},{"text":"need","start":3900.709,"end":3900.982},{"text":"for","start":3900.998,"end":3901.288},{"text":"new","start":3901.657,"end":3901.882},{"text":"initiatives","start":3901.978,"end":3902.509},{"text":"to","start":3902.605,"end":3902.653},{"text":"advance","start":3902.685,"end":3903.183},{"text":"work","start":3903.248,"end":3903.489},{"text":"on","start":3903.89,"end":3903.971},{"text":"concrete","start":3903.971,"end":3904.372},{"text":"measures","start":3904.372,"end":3904.758},{"text":"regarding","start":3904.79,"end":3905.208},{"text":"the","start":3905.272,"end":3905.336},{"text":"issue","start":3905.433,"end":3905.658},{"text":"of","start":3905.658,"end":3905.722},{"text":"space","start":3905.738,"end":3906.059},{"text":"traffic","start":3906.075,"end":3906.477},{"text":"management","start":3906.477,"end":3907.023},{"text":"in","start":3907.023,"end":3907.12},{"text":"COPUOS.","start":3907.12,"end":3907.57}]},{"text":"In this context, we support the proposal made by Germany to establish a study group on this issue.","start":3908.405,"end":3913.562,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"A major recurring topic was the need for international rules and coordination mechanisms to manage growing traffic in orbit. Delegations highlighted legal and policy work on space traffic management, collision avoidance, and the supporting role of space situational awareness systems and data-sharing."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3908.405,"end":3908.517},{"text":"this","start":3908.55,"end":3908.807},{"text":"context,","start":3908.807,"end":3909.192},{"text":"we","start":3909.208,"end":3909.24},{"text":"support","start":3909.289,"end":3909.835},{"text":"the","start":3909.931,"end":3910.076},{"text":"proposal","start":3910.076,"end":3910.494},{"text":"made","start":3910.494,"end":3910.702},{"text":"by","start":3910.735,"end":3910.815},{"text":"Germany","start":3910.815,"end":3911.345},{"text":"to","start":3911.779,"end":3911.843},{"text":"establish","start":3911.843,"end":3912.245},{"text":"a","start":3912.245,"end":3912.261},{"text":"study","start":3912.261,"end":3912.63},{"text":"group","start":3912.663,"end":3912.904},{"text":"on","start":3912.904,"end":3912.984},{"text":"this","start":3912.984,"end":3913.112},{"text":"issue.","start":3913.209,"end":3913.562}]},{"text":"We also welcome the complementary proposal from the United Arab Emirates on space situational awareness.","start":3914.494,"end":3919.892,"topics":[{"key":"space-traffic-management","label":"Space Traffic Management","description":"A major recurring topic was the need for international rules and coordination mechanisms to manage growing traffic in orbit. 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Since the delegation of Ukraine takes the floor for the first time, I would like to express our gratitude to you and the Secretariat for the effective leadership Thank you for this meeting.","start":4065.096,"end":4077.642,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair.","start":4065.096,"end":4065.419},{"text":"Since","start":4066.258,"end":4066.549},{"text":"the","start":4066.549,"end":4066.71},{"text":"delegation","start":4066.71,"end":4067.388},{"text":"of","start":4067.437,"end":4067.534},{"text":"Ukraine","start":4067.534,"end":4067.905},{"text":"takes","start":4068.018,"end":4068.325},{"text":"the","start":4068.325,"end":4068.421},{"text":"floor","start":4068.421,"end":4068.809},{"text":"for","start":4068.809,"end":4068.986},{"text":"the","start":4068.986,"end":4069.067},{"text":"first","start":4069.067,"end":4069.471},{"text":"time,","start":4069.471,"end":4069.842},{"text":"I","start":4070.343,"end":4070.423},{"text":"would","start":4070.423,"end":4070.601},{"text":"like","start":4070.601,"end":4070.843},{"text":"to","start":4070.843,"end":4070.988},{"text":"express","start":4070.988,"end":4071.376},{"text":"our","start":4071.553,"end":4071.731},{"text":"gratitude","start":4071.812,"end":4072.457},{"text":"to","start":4072.457,"end":4072.587},{"text":"you","start":4072.7,"end":4072.796},{"text":"and","start":4072.926,"end":4072.992},{"text":"the","start":4073.107,"end":4073.353},{"text":"Secretariat","start":4073.846,"end":4074.667},{"text":"for","start":4074.667,"end":4074.897},{"text":"the","start":4074.897,"end":4075.094},{"text":"effective","start":4075.8,"end":4076.277},{"text":"leadership","start":4076.31,"end":4076.983},{"text":"Thank","start":4077,"end":4077.096},{"text":"you","start":4077.112,"end":4077.144},{"text":"for","start":4077.192,"end":4077.256},{"text":"this","start":4077.256,"end":4077.353},{"text":"meeting.","start":4077.353,"end":4077.642}]},{"text":"Distinguished Chair, distinguished delegates, Ukraine welcomes the opportunity to contribute to this important discussion and reaffirm its unwavering commitment to the principles of transparency, cooperation, and capacity building in the peaceful exploration and use of outer space.","start":4078.46,"end":4095.028,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building","description":"Many speakers emphasized education, training, and technical assistance to help emerging space actors implement international law and develop national space legislation. Examples included regional initiatives, advisory missions, academic programs, and public outreach on space law."}],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":4078.46,"end":4078.958},{"text":"Chair,","start":4078.958,"end":4079.07},{"text":"distinguished","start":4079.456,"end":4080.226},{"text":"delegates,","start":4080.226,"end":4080.917},{"text":"Ukraine","start":4081.19,"end":4081.912},{"text":"welcomes","start":4081.912,"end":4082.297},{"text":"the","start":4082.313,"end":4082.378},{"text":"opportunity","start":4082.394,"end":4083.132},{"text":"to","start":4083.196,"end":4083.293},{"text":"contribute","start":4083.293,"end":4083.806},{"text":"to","start":4083.839,"end":4083.887},{"text":"this","start":4083.935,"end":4084.176},{"text":"important","start":4084.176,"end":4084.657},{"text":"discussion","start":4084.657,"end":4085.267},{"text":"and","start":4085.685,"end":4085.749},{"text":"reaffirm","start":4085.861,"end":4086.52},{"text":"its","start":4086.52,"end":4086.937},{"text":"unwavering","start":4086.969,"end":4087.515},{"text":"commitment","start":4087.627,"end":4088.205},{"text":"to","start":4088.205,"end":4088.286},{"text":"the","start":4088.334,"end":4088.494},{"text":"principles","start":4088.494,"end":4089.04},{"text":"of","start":4089.136,"end":4089.281},{"text":"transparency,","start":4089.313,"end":4090.084},{"text":"cooperation,","start":4090.18,"end":4090.902},{"text":"and","start":4090.918,"end":4091.047},{"text":"capacity","start":4091.079,"end":4091.625},{"text":"building","start":4091.705,"end":4092.01},{"text":"in","start":4092.106,"end":4092.251},{"text":"the","start":4092.283,"end":4092.46},{"text":"peaceful","start":4092.46,"end":4092.797},{"text":"exploration","start":4092.845,"end":4093.696},{"text":"and","start":4093.728,"end":4093.824},{"text":"use","start":4093.872,"end":4094.065},{"text":"of","start":4094.065,"end":4094.209},{"text":"outer","start":4094.209,"end":4094.531},{"text":"space.","start":4094.531,"end":4095.028}]},{"text":"We believe these principles are best advanced through sustained multilateral dialogue and both intergovernmental and and governmental levels.","start":4095.911,"end":4104.852,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4095.911,"end":4096.056},{"text":"believe","start":4096.056,"end":4096.425},{"text":"these","start":4096.537,"end":4096.666},{"text":"principles","start":4096.939,"end":4097.468},{"text":"are","start":4097.725,"end":4097.854},{"text":"best","start":4097.902,"end":4098.255},{"text":"advanced","start":4098.303,"end":4098.801},{"text":"through","start":4098.849,"end":4099.138},{"text":"sustained","start":4099.202,"end":4099.909},{"text":"multilateral","start":4099.909,"end":4100.792},{"text":"dialogue","start":4100.792,"end":4101.691},{"text":"and","start":4101.98,"end":4102.124},{"text":"both","start":4102.156,"end":4102.317},{"text":"intergovernmental","start":4102.542,"end":4103.537},{"text":"and","start":4103.585,"end":4103.73},{"text":"and","start":4103.729,"end":4103.905},{"text":"governmental","start":4103.905,"end":4104.547},{"text":"levels.","start":4104.547,"end":4104.852}]},{"text":"In this spirit, Ukraine is actively exploring avenues for deeper international engagement, particularly in the development of legal framework governing emerging areas of space activity.","start":4105.606,"end":4116.937,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-law","label":"International Space Law","description":"Many delegations stressed the central role of the Outer Space Treaty and the other UN space treaties as the legal foundation for activities in outer space. 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Delegations discussed how licensing, supervision, and international rules should enable commercial innovation while ensuring compliance with states' legal obligations and maintaining safety and predictability."}],"words":[{"text":"Ukraine","start":4169.956,"end":4170.453},{"text":"also","start":4170.501,"end":4170.854},{"text":"strongly","start":4170.854,"end":4171.4},{"text":"supports","start":4171.4,"end":4172.089},{"text":"the","start":4172.105,"end":4172.298},{"text":"inclusion","start":4172.362,"end":4172.811},{"text":"of","start":4173.003,"end":4173.212},{"text":"non-state","start":4173.244,"end":4173.853},{"text":"actors,","start":4173.949,"end":4174.334},{"text":"particularly","start":4174.447,"end":4175.136},{"text":"the","start":4175.248,"end":4175.409},{"text":"private","start":4175.649,"end":4176.147},{"text":"sector,","start":4176.147,"end":4176.547},{"text":"civil","start":4176.692,"end":4177.173},{"text":"society,","start":4177.173,"end":4177.782},{"text":"and","start":4177.959,"end":4178.199},{"text":"other","start":4178.199,"end":4178.392},{"text":"stakeholders","start":4178.392,"end":4179.226},{"text":"in","start":4179.723,"end":4179.787},{"text":"intergovernmental","start":4179.899,"end":4180.781},{"text":"processes","start":4180.781,"end":4181.198},{"text":"related","start":4181.326,"end":4181.759},{"text":"to","start":4181.759,"end":4181.888},{"text":"space","start":4181.888,"end":4182.225},{"text":"sustainability","start":4182.225,"end":4183.171},{"text":"and","start":4183.187,"end":4183.363},{"text":"legal","start":4183.427,"end":4183.7},{"text":"government.","start":4184.245,"end":4185.111}]},{"text":"In this context, allow me to briefly highlight the activity of the Ukrainian Association of High-Tech Enterprises and Organization Cosmos.","start":4186.138,"end":4195.349,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4186.138,"end":4186.202},{"text":"this","start":4186.218,"end":4186.475},{"text":"context,","start":4186.475,"end":4187.037},{"text":"allow","start":4187.261,"end":4187.438},{"text":"me","start":4187.518,"end":4187.679},{"text":"to","start":4187.679,"end":4187.775},{"text":"briefly","start":4187.919,"end":4188.385},{"text":"highlight","start":4188.385,"end":4188.93},{"text":"the","start":4189.267,"end":4189.331},{"text":"activity","start":4189.331,"end":4189.813},{"text":"of","start":4189.829,"end":4189.909},{"text":"the","start":4190.07,"end":4190.15},{"text":"Ukrainian","start":4190.15,"end":4190.615},{"text":"Association","start":4190.711,"end":4191.369},{"text":"of","start":4191.369,"end":4191.578},{"text":"High-Tech","start":4191.594,"end":4192.236},{"text":"Enterprises","start":4192.894,"end":4193.744},{"text":"and","start":4193.937,"end":4194.065},{"text":"Organization","start":4194.161,"end":4194.867},{"text":"Cosmos.","start":4194.964,"end":4195.349}]},{"text":"The association was established to pursue these objectives by cooperating with state and local authorities on the regulatory and legal framework governing the market of space-related goods and services, providing monitoring and expert evaluation of draft legal and regulatory acts, participation in the development of state programs, national legal and regulatory frameworks for space activities, fostering cooperation with International Space Organization-related associations, alliances, unions in this space domain.","start":4196.007,"end":4227.921,"topics":[{"key":"commercial-space-actors","label":"Commercial Space Actors","description":"The growing role of private companies and other non-state actors was highlighted across the debate. 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you for your attention.","start":4286.607,"end":4287.955,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4286.607,"end":4286.928},{"text":"you","start":4286.928,"end":4287.024},{"text":"for","start":4287.024,"end":4287.185},{"text":"your","start":4287.185,"end":4287.329},{"text":"attention.","start":4287.329,"end":4287.955}]},{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":4288.212,"end":4289.126,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4288.212,"end":4288.404},{"text":"you,","start":4288.404,"end":4288.468},{"text":"Mr.","start":4288.484,"end":4288.725},{"text":"Chair.","start":4288.789,"end":4289.126}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"UKR","affiliation_full":"Ukraine","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":19,"start":4295.2,"pageUrl":"/fr/asset/k12/k12yn1jav9?lang=en&t=4296","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much to the distinguished representative of Ukraine for her 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that such organizations should once again be invited to report to the subcommittee at its next session on their activities relating to space 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see no objections, and it is so agreed.","start":4365.322,"end":4369.385,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4365.322,"end":4365.355},{"text":"see","start":4365.355,"end":4365.727},{"text":"no","start":4365.727,"end":4365.905},{"text":"objections,","start":4365.905,"end":4366.601},{"text":"and","start":4368.155,"end":4368.252},{"text":"it","start":4368.268,"end":4368.349},{"text":"is","start":4368.349,"end":4368.43},{"text":"so","start":4368.43,"end":4368.641},{"text":"agreed.","start":4368.916,"end":4369.385}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":4369.45,"end":4369.806,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4369.45,"end":4369.709},{"text":"you.","start":4369.709,"end":4369.806}]},{"text":"We have concluded our consideration of agenda item four, information on the activities of international, intergovernmental, and non-governmental organizations relating to space 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Nations treaties on outer space, and ways and means, including capacity building, to promote their implementation.","start":4396.217,"end":4405.176,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"United","start":4396.217,"end":4396.644},{"text":"Nations","start":4396.644,"end":4397.038},{"text":"treaties","start":4397.104,"end":4397.498},{"text":"on","start":4397.597,"end":4397.646},{"text":"outer","start":4397.696,"end":4397.926},{"text":"space,","start":4397.926,"end":4398.304},{"text":"and","start":4400.12,"end":4400.297},{"text":"ways","start":4400.297,"end":4400.523},{"text":"and","start":4400.62,"end":4400.717},{"text":"means,","start":4400.717,"end":4401.089},{"text":"including","start":4401.283,"end":4401.816},{"text":"capacity","start":4401.832,"end":4402.333},{"text":"building,","start":4402.333,"end":4402.672},{"text":"to","start":4403.609,"end":4403.722},{"text":"promote","start":4403.77,"end":4404.19},{"text":"their","start":4404.19,"end":4404.352},{"text":"implementation.","start":4404.433,"end":4405.176}]},{"text":"I now turn to the list of speakers, and the first speaker on my list is 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the General Assembly for ratification.","start":4422.86,"end":4435.561,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-law","label":"International Space Law","description":"Many delegations stressed the central role of the Outer Space Treaty and the other UN space treaties as the legal foundation for activities in outer space. 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Examples included regional initiatives, advisory missions, academic programs, and public outreach on space law."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4452.23,"end":4452.327},{"text":"thank","start":4452.327,"end":4452.65},{"text":"UNOSA","start":4452.65,"end":4453.135},{"text":"for","start":4453.135,"end":4453.41},{"text":"information","start":4453.507,"end":4454.154},{"text":"on","start":4454.154,"end":4454.219},{"text":"the","start":4454.251,"end":4454.316},{"text":"status","start":4454.316,"end":4454.688},{"text":"of","start":4454.753,"end":4454.866},{"text":"these","start":4454.898,"end":4455.028},{"text":"agreements","start":4455.076,"end":4455.707},{"text":"and","start":4456.111,"end":4456.176},{"text":"its","start":4456.208,"end":4456.419},{"text":"efforts","start":4456.419,"end":4456.71},{"text":"to","start":4456.823,"end":4456.92},{"text":"raise","start":4456.92,"end":4457.05},{"text":"awareness","start":4457.05,"end":4457.583},{"text":"and","start":4457.81,"end":4457.874},{"text":"build","start":4457.89,"end":4458.133},{"text":"capacity","start":4458.133,"end":4458.683},{"text":"on","start":4458.699,"end":4458.748},{"text":"space","start":4458.78,"end":4459.168},{"text":"law","start":4459.168,"end":4459.265},{"text":"around","start":4459.443,"end":4459.718},{"text":"the","start":4459.75,"end":4459.896},{"text":"world.","start":4459.896,"end":4460.074}]},{"text":"We appreciate the Space Law for New Space Actors project and are pleased to contribute with experts to technical advisory missions.","start":4461.028,"end":4468.56,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building","description":"Many speakers emphasized education, training, and technical assistance to help emerging space actors implement international law and develop national space legislation. 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States discussed national registries, UN notifications, and transparency tools to improve accountability, confidence, and coordination in space activities."}],"words":[{"text":"2025","start":4494.459,"end":4495.406},{"text":"also","start":4495.503,"end":4495.728},{"text":"marks","start":4495.728,"end":4495.952},{"text":"the","start":4496.065,"end":4496.145},{"text":"50th","start":4496.145,"end":4496.643},{"text":"anniversary","start":4496.643,"end":4497.173},{"text":"of","start":4497.205,"end":4497.349},{"text":"the","start":4497.349,"end":4497.43},{"text":"Registration","start":4497.446,"end":4498.04},{"text":"Convention.","start":4498.088,"end":4498.554}]},{"text":"Registration of space objects is a fundamental pillar of space law, a mechanism for information exchange and transparency, and the legal basis for allocation of jurisdiction and control over objects in space.","start":4499.436,"end":4511.967,"topics":[{"key":"registration-transparency","label":"Registration and Transparency","description":"A common theme was the registration of space objects and broader information-sharing under Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty. States discussed national registries, UN notifications, and transparency tools to improve accountability, confidence, and coordination in space activities."}],"words":[{"text":"Registration","start":4499.436,"end":4500.046},{"text":"of","start":4500.078,"end":4500.11},{"text":"space","start":4500.11,"end":4500.527},{"text":"objects","start":4500.559,"end":4501.089},{"text":"is","start":4501.153,"end":4501.298},{"text":"a","start":4501.298,"end":4501.314},{"text":"fundamental","start":4501.362,"end":4501.923},{"text":"pillar","start":4502.003,"end":4502.324},{"text":"of","start":4502.324,"end":4502.388},{"text":"space","start":4502.421,"end":4502.741},{"text":"law,","start":4502.741,"end":4502.838},{"text":"a","start":4503.463,"end":4503.479},{"text":"mechanism","start":4503.608,"end":4504.041},{"text":"for","start":4504.105,"end":4504.282},{"text":"information","start":4504.282,"end":4504.907},{"text":"exchange","start":4504.907,"end":4505.437},{"text":"and","start":4505.533,"end":4505.613},{"text":"transparency,","start":4505.629,"end":4506.319},{"text":"and","start":4507.073,"end":4507.137},{"text":"the","start":4507.218,"end":4507.314},{"text":"legal","start":4507.314,"end":4507.539},{"text":"basis","start":4507.619,"end":4508.068},{"text":"for","start":4508.662,"end":4508.838},{"text":"allocation","start":4508.838,"end":4509.319},{"text":"of","start":4509.319,"end":4509.448},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4509.48,"end":4510.041},{"text":"and","start":4510.041,"end":4510.122},{"text":"control","start":4510.122,"end":4510.571},{"text":"over","start":4510.828,"end":4510.956},{"text":"objects","start":4511.084,"end":4511.405},{"text":"in","start":4511.405,"end":4511.501},{"text":"space.","start":4511.501,"end":4511.967}]},{"text":"Since the last subcommittee session, 34 space objects have been added to the German Space Object Register.","start":4513.314,"end":4520.069,"topics":[{"key":"registration-transparency","label":"Registration and Transparency","description":"A common theme was the registration of space objects and broader information-sharing under Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty. States discussed national registries, UN notifications, and transparency tools to improve accountability, confidence, and coordination in space activities."}],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":4513.314,"end":4513.651},{"text":"the","start":4513.715,"end":4513.796},{"text":"last","start":4513.796,"end":4514.181},{"text":"subcommittee","start":4514.197,"end":4514.774},{"text":"session,","start":4514.855,"end":4515.304},{"text":"34","start":4515.881,"end":4516.395},{"text":"space","start":4516.395,"end":4516.732},{"text":"objects","start":4516.94,"end":4517.341},{"text":"have","start":4517.422,"end":4517.63},{"text":"been","start":4517.662,"end":4517.791},{"text":"added","start":4517.887,"end":4518.112},{"text":"to","start":4518.208,"end":4518.384},{"text":"the","start":4518.384,"end":4518.529},{"text":"German","start":4518.529,"end":4518.801},{"text":"Space","start":4518.801,"end":4519.219},{"text":"Object","start":4519.283,"end":4519.539},{"text":"Register.","start":4519.652,"end":4520.069}]},{"text":"Sharing best practices and discussing legal issues related to registration is important for developing the legal regime governing outer space.","start":4521.031,"end":4529.221,"topics":[{"key":"registration-transparency","label":"Registration and Transparency","description":"A common theme was the registration of space objects and broader information-sharing under Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty. States discussed national registries, UN notifications, and transparency tools to improve accountability, confidence, and coordination in space activities."}],"words":[{"text":"Sharing","start":4521.031,"end":4521.336},{"text":"best","start":4521.433,"end":4521.625},{"text":"practices","start":4521.673,"end":4522.122},{"text":"and","start":4522.219,"end":4522.315},{"text":"discussing","start":4522.315,"end":4522.844},{"text":"legal","start":4522.877,"end":4523.181},{"text":"issues","start":4523.181,"end":4523.486},{"text":"related","start":4523.599,"end":4523.984},{"text":"to","start":4523.984,"end":4524.032},{"text":"registration","start":4524.064,"end":4524.69},{"text":"is","start":4525.22,"end":4525.316},{"text":"important","start":4525.364,"end":4525.975},{"text":"for","start":4526.168,"end":4526.393},{"text":"developing","start":4526.393,"end":4526.939},{"text":"the","start":4527.373,"end":4527.469},{"text":"legal","start":4527.469,"end":4527.759},{"text":"regime","start":4527.759,"end":4528.176},{"text":"governing","start":4528.176,"end":4528.466},{"text":"outer","start":4528.658,"end":4528.835},{"text":"space.","start":4528.883,"end":4529.221}]},{"text":"We recommend UNOSA for undertaking the registration project together with the United Kingdom and are pleased to contribute to next week's meeting of national focal points.","start":4530.185,"end":4540.13,"topics":[{"key":"registration-transparency","label":"Registration and Transparency","description":"A common theme was the registration of space objects and broader information-sharing under Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty. States discussed national registries, UN notifications, and transparency tools to improve accountability, confidence, and coordination in space activities."},{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building","description":"Many speakers emphasized education, training, and technical assistance to help emerging space actors implement international law and develop national space legislation. 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States discussed national registries, UN notifications, and transparency tools to improve accountability, confidence, and coordination in space activities."},{"key":"international-space-law","label":"International Space Law","description":"Many delegations stressed the central role of the Outer Space Treaty and the other UN space treaties as the legal foundation for activities in outer space. Speakers discussed wider ratification, national implementation, possible legal gaps, and the continued development of norms within a rules-based framework."}],"words":[{"text":"Honorable","start":4542.682,"end":4542.844},{"text":"Chair,","start":4542.844,"end":4543.233},{"text":"distinguished","start":4543.33,"end":4543.735},{"text":"delegates,","start":4543.735,"end":4544.303},{"text":"registration","start":4545.421,"end":4545.972},{"text":"of","start":4545.988,"end":4546.021},{"text":"space","start":4546.021,"end":4546.442},{"text":"objects","start":4546.491,"end":4546.896},{"text":"can","start":4546.896,"end":4547.058},{"text":"be","start":4547.123,"end":4547.285},{"text":"considered","start":4547.285,"end":4547.771},{"text":"a","start":4547.771,"end":4547.788},{"text":"means","start":4547.804,"end":4548.128},{"text":"of","start":4548.128,"end":4548.274},{"text":"implementing","start":4548.29,"end":4548.89},{"text":"Article","start":4549.003,"end":4549.408},{"text":"11","start":4549.408,"end":4549.83},{"text":"of","start":4549.895,"end":4550.024},{"text":"the","start":4550.122,"end":4550.267},{"text":"Outer","start":4550.284,"end":4550.332},{"text":"Space","start":4550.332,"end":4552.293},{"text":"Space","start":4550.46,"end":4550.716},{"text":"Treaty,","start":4550.716,"end":4551.102},{"text":"by","start":4552.001,"end":4552.065},{"text":"which","start":4552.097,"end":4552.226},{"text":"state","start":4552.258,"end":4552.643},{"text":"parties","start":4552.643,"end":4553.029},{"text":"agree","start":4553.077,"end":4553.366},{"text":"to","start":4553.366,"end":4553.462},{"text":"share","start":4553.462,"end":4553.655},{"text":"information","start":4553.703,"end":4554.409},{"text":"on","start":4554.409,"end":4554.49},{"text":"their","start":4554.49,"end":4554.554},{"text":"space","start":4554.586,"end":4554.923},{"text":"activities.","start":4554.923,"end":4555.437}]},{"text":"We thank the Secretariat for the background paper on synergies between registration and Article 11.","start":4556.834,"end":4561.587,"topics":[{"key":"registration-transparency","label":"Registration and Transparency","description":"A common theme was the registration of space objects and broader information-sharing under Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty. States discussed national registries, UN notifications, and transparency tools to improve accountability, confidence, and coordination in space activities."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4556.834,"end":4556.914},{"text":"thank","start":4556.914,"end":4557.219},{"text":"the","start":4557.219,"end":4557.251},{"text":"Secretariat","start":4557.251,"end":4557.942},{"text":"for","start":4557.942,"end":4558.135},{"text":"the","start":4558.183,"end":4558.263},{"text":"background","start":4558.263,"end":4558.648},{"text":"paper","start":4558.68,"end":4558.97},{"text":"on","start":4558.986,"end":4559.162},{"text":"synergies","start":4559.162,"end":4559.612},{"text":"between","start":4559.724,"end":4559.981},{"text":"registration","start":4560.045,"end":4560.72},{"text":"and","start":4560.752,"end":4560.848},{"text":"Article","start":4560.848,"end":4561.169},{"text":"11.","start":4561.169,"end":4561.587}]},{"text":"Concerning the template under discussion at the working group under this agenda item, it would be valuable to identify the most relevant purposes for sharing information under Article 11 and how this might complement information on registered space object.","start":4562.679,"end":4576.993,"topics":[{"key":"registration-transparency","label":"Registration and Transparency","description":"A common theme was the registration of space objects and broader information-sharing under Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty. States discussed national registries, UN notifications, and transparency tools to improve accountability, confidence, and coordination in space activities."}],"words":[{"text":"Concerning","start":4562.679,"end":4563.096},{"text":"the","start":4563.176,"end":4563.321},{"text":"template","start":4563.321,"end":4563.899},{"text":"under","start":4563.963,"end":4564.236},{"text":"discussion","start":4564.236,"end":4564.718},{"text":"at","start":4564.718,"end":4564.798},{"text":"the","start":4564.846,"end":4564.91},{"text":"working","start":4564.927,"end":4565.232},{"text":"group","start":4565.264,"end":4565.585},{"text":"under","start":4565.649,"end":4565.826},{"text":"this","start":4565.89,"end":4565.954},{"text":"agenda","start":4566.002,"end":4566.372},{"text":"item,","start":4566.372,"end":4566.789},{"text":"it","start":4567.287,"end":4567.415},{"text":"would","start":4567.431,"end":4567.656},{"text":"be","start":4567.656,"end":4567.833},{"text":"valuable","start":4567.833,"end":4568.282},{"text":"to","start":4568.395,"end":4568.539},{"text":"identify","start":4568.555,"end":4569.182},{"text":"the","start":4569.182,"end":4569.262},{"text":"most","start":4569.262,"end":4569.551},{"text":"relevant","start":4569.599,"end":4570},{"text":"purposes","start":4570,"end":4570.53},{"text":"for","start":4570.803,"end":4570.964},{"text":"sharing","start":4570.964,"end":4571.253},{"text":"information","start":4571.285,"end":4571.847},{"text":"under","start":4571.847,"end":4572.007},{"text":"Article","start":4572.007,"end":4572.409},{"text":"11","start":4572.409,"end":4572.778},{"text":"and","start":4573.372,"end":4573.533},{"text":"how","start":4573.533,"end":4573.645},{"text":"this","start":4573.758,"end":4573.822},{"text":"might","start":4573.934,"end":4574.239},{"text":"complement","start":4574.239,"end":4574.721},{"text":"information","start":4574.721,"end":4575.267},{"text":"on","start":4575.54,"end":4575.684},{"text":"registered","start":4575.684,"end":4575.99},{"text":"space","start":4576.038,"end":4576.524},{"text":"object.","start":4576.588,"end":4576.993}]},{"text":"It could be considered to use Article 11 notifications for novel space missions involving more than one space object, for example, prior to conducting rendezvous or proximity operations, on-orbit servicing missions, or active debris removal procedures, as these activities warrant specific transparency and confidence-building.","start":4578.546,"end":4599.031,"topics":[{"key":"registration-transparency","label":"Registration and Transparency","description":"A common theme was the registration of space objects and broader information-sharing under Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty. 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States discussed national registries, UN notifications, and transparency tools to improve accountability, confidence, and coordination in space activities."},{"key":"space-resources","label":"Space Resources","description":"Several statements focused on the legal and policy framework for space resource activities, especially on the Moon. Speakers referred to the working group on space resources, national legislation, Artemis-related cooperation, and the need for principles that support responsible future utilization."}],"words":[{"text":"Article","start":4600.756,"end":4601.094},{"text":"11","start":4601.094,"end":4601.449},{"text":"is","start":4601.778,"end":4601.891},{"text":"also","start":4602.069,"end":4602.263},{"text":"of","start":4602.312,"end":4602.473},{"text":"interest","start":4602.473,"end":4602.958},{"text":"for","start":4602.958,"end":4603.136},{"text":"the","start":4603.136,"end":4603.282},{"text":"coordination","start":4603.282,"end":4603.864},{"text":"and","start":4603.864,"end":4604.009},{"text":"cooperation","start":4604.009,"end":4604.591},{"text":"on","start":4604.591,"end":4604.802},{"text":"lunar","start":4604.834,"end":4605.141},{"text":"missions","start":4605.141,"end":4605.61},{"text":"as","start":4606.273,"end":4606.418},{"text":"developed","start":4606.451,"end":4607.081},{"text":"among","start":4607.081,"end":4607.308},{"text":"Artemis","start":4607.582,"end":4607.906},{"text":"Accords","start":4607.906,"end":4608.229},{"text":"signatories.","start":4608.229,"end":4608.924}]},{"text":"As provided for in the NPS principles, Article 11 could also be used to disseminate information on safety assessments prior to the launch of space objects.","start":4610.43,"end":4619.698,"topics":[{"key":"registration-transparency","label":"Registration and Transparency","description":"A common theme was the registration of space objects and broader information-sharing under Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty. 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Speakers discussed wider ratification, national implementation, possible legal gaps, and the continued development of norms within a rules-based framework."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4777.648,"end":4777.906},{"text":"support","start":4778.035,"end":4778.793},{"text":"initiatives","start":4778.842,"end":4779.406},{"text":"in","start":4779.406,"end":4779.471},{"text":"favor","start":4779.583,"end":4779.954},{"text":"of","start":4780.067,"end":4780.277},{"text":"broad-based","start":4780.309,"end":4780.874},{"text":"adhesion","start":4780.874,"end":4781.261},{"text":"to","start":4781.261,"end":4781.406},{"text":"the","start":4781.422,"end":4781.487},{"text":"5","start":4781.503,"end":4781.825},{"text":"UN","start":4781.825,"end":4782.067},{"text":"treaties","start":4782.067,"end":4782.422},{"text":"on","start":4782.47,"end":4782.551},{"text":"outer","start":4782.551,"end":4782.728},{"text":"space,","start":4782.728,"end":4783.132},{"text":"which","start":4783.615,"end":4783.841},{"text":"are","start":4784.002,"end":4784.196},{"text":"the","start":4784.277,"end":4784.502},{"text":"foundation","start":4784.4,"end":4784.801},{"text":"of","start":4784.977,"end":4785.202},{"text":"space","start":4785.315,"end":4785.812},{"text":"safe—","start":4786.037,"end":4786.486},{"text":"rather,","start":4787.161,"end":4787.385},{"text":"safe","start":4787.402,"end":4787.787},{"text":"space","start":4787.787,"end":4788.156},{"text":"operations.","start":4788.365,"end":4788.975}]},{"text":"We believe the status of the 5 UN treaties on outer space is beyond question.","start":4789.649,"end":4794.882,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-law","label":"International Space Law","description":"Many delegations stressed the central role of the Outer Space Treaty and the other UN space treaties as the legal foundation for activities in outer space. Speakers discussed wider ratification, national implementation, possible legal gaps, and the continued development of norms within a rules-based framework."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4789.649,"end":4789.81},{"text":"believe","start":4789.81,"end":4790.227},{"text":"the","start":4790.227,"end":4790.452},{"text":"status","start":4790.452,"end":4790.917},{"text":"of","start":4790.917,"end":4791.078},{"text":"the","start":4791.078,"end":4791.158},{"text":"5","start":4791.158,"end":4791.559},{"text":"UN","start":4791.559,"end":4791.864},{"text":"treaties","start":4792.282,"end":4792.587},{"text":"on","start":4792.683,"end":4792.731},{"text":"outer","start":4793.165,"end":4793.341},{"text":"space","start":4793.341,"end":4793.695},{"text":"is","start":4793.903,"end":4794.112},{"text":"beyond","start":4794.224,"end":4794.529},{"text":"question.","start":4794.529,"end":4794.882}]},{"text":"However, future scientific breakthroughs and technical developments will require their enhancement.","start":4794.931,"end":4801.256,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-law","label":"International Space Law","description":"Many delegations stressed the central role of the Outer Space Treaty and the other UN space treaties as the legal foundation for activities in outer space. Speakers discussed wider ratification, national implementation, possible legal gaps, and the continued development of norms within a rules-based framework."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":4794.931,"end":4795.332},{"text":"future","start":4795.348,"end":4795.846},{"text":"scientific","start":4795.846,"end":4796.392},{"text":"breakthroughs","start":4796.392,"end":4796.921},{"text":"and","start":4797.178,"end":4797.451},{"text":"technical","start":4797.515,"end":4797.981},{"text":"developments","start":4797.981,"end":4798.559},{"text":"will","start":4799.121,"end":4799.281},{"text":"require","start":4799.345,"end":4799.763},{"text":"their","start":4799.763,"end":4800.485},{"text":"enhancement.","start":4800.565,"end":4801.256}]},{"text":"For the 5 treaties to remain relevant, the subcommittee should consider the need to amend them or even draft additional treaties and to facilitate broader adhesion to the body of law governing space activities.","start":4802.717,"end":4821.258,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-law","label":"International Space Law","description":"Many delegations stressed the central role of the Outer Space Treaty and the other UN space treaties as the legal foundation for activities in outer space. 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Examples included regional initiatives, advisory missions, academic programs, and public outreach on space law."}],"words":[{"text":"Japan","start":5356.312,"end":5356.732},{"text":"is","start":5356.924,"end":5356.994},{"text":"committed","start":5357.274,"end":5357.554},{"text":"to","start":5357.76,"end":5357.954},{"text":"continuing","start":5357.954,"end":5358.697},{"text":"its","start":5358.843,"end":5359.069},{"text":"capacity-building","start":5359.069,"end":5360.153},{"text":"efforts","start":5360.282,"end":5360.864},{"text":"in","start":5361.576,"end":5361.641},{"text":"collaboration","start":5361.738,"end":5362.449},{"text":"with","start":5362.546,"end":5362.756},{"text":"UNOUSA","start":5363.031,"end":5363.759},{"text":"and","start":5363.921,"end":5364.163},{"text":"other—","start":5364.244,"end":5364.584},{"text":"our","start":5365.295,"end":5365.554},{"text":"partners.","start":5365.554,"end":5366.168}]},{"text":"Thank you for your kind 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Philippines.","start":5377.78,"end":5381.491,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5377.78,"end":5377.86},{"text":"following","start":5377.876,"end":5378.134},{"text":"speaker","start":5378.134,"end":5378.522},{"text":"on","start":5378.538,"end":5378.57},{"text":"my","start":5378.57,"end":5378.715},{"text":"list","start":5378.764,"end":5379.183},{"text":"is","start":5379.506,"end":5379.554},{"text":"the","start":5379.667,"end":5379.813},{"text":"representative","start":5379.813,"end":5380.523},{"text":"of","start":5380.878,"end":5381.007},{"text":"the","start":5381.039,"end":5381.071},{"text":"Philippines.","start":5381.12,"end":5381.491}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":5381.62,"end":5382.185,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":5381.62,"end":5381.749},{"text":"have","start":5381.749,"end":5381.862},{"text":"the","start":5381.862,"end":5381.975},{"text":"floor.","start":5381.991,"end":5382.185}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":28,"start":5383.29,"pageUrl":"/fr/asset/k12/k12yn1jav9?lang=en&t=5384","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":5383.29,"end":5384.551,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5383.29,"end":5383.872},{"text":"you,","start":5383.872,"end":5384.034},{"text":"Mr.","start":5384.05,"end":5384.244},{"text":"Chair.","start":5384.292,"end":5384.551}]},{"text":"Since this is our first intervention, we wish to take the opportunity to extend our condolences for the passing of Ambassador Andrei Mishtal and recall his important contributions to the work of the committee and its subsidiary 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also wish to welcome Djibouti and Latvia to the committee.","start":5399.79,"end":5402.773,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5399.79,"end":5399.822},{"text":"also","start":5399.822,"end":5400.003},{"text":"wish","start":5400.068,"end":5400.199},{"text":"to","start":5400.38,"end":5400.462},{"text":"welcome","start":5400.462,"end":5400.773},{"text":"Djibouti","start":5400.871,"end":5401.265},{"text":"and","start":5401.445,"end":5401.543},{"text":"Latvia","start":5401.543,"end":5402.133},{"text":"to","start":5402.199,"end":5402.232},{"text":"the","start":5402.281,"end":5402.363},{"text":"committee.","start":5402.363,"end":5402.773}]},{"text":"Chair, since our last meeting, we have worked tirelessly to complete our ratification process of the Registration Convention.","start":5405.626,"end":5413.688,"topics":[{"key":"registration-transparency","label":"Registration and Transparency","description":"A common theme was the registration of space objects and broader information-sharing under Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty. States discussed national registries, UN notifications, and transparency tools to improve accountability, confidence, and coordination in space activities."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":5405.626,"end":5405.872},{"text":"since","start":5405.954,"end":5406.266},{"text":"our","start":5406.266,"end":5406.348},{"text":"last","start":5406.348,"end":5406.725},{"text":"meeting,","start":5407.004,"end":5407.365},{"text":"we","start":5408.414,"end":5408.578},{"text":"have","start":5408.578,"end":5408.791},{"text":"worked","start":5408.824,"end":5409.087},{"text":"tirelessly","start":5409.103,"end":5409.579},{"text":"to","start":5409.916,"end":5410.012},{"text":"complete","start":5410.012,"end":5410.429},{"text":"our","start":5410.429,"end":5410.638},{"text":"ratification","start":5410.638,"end":5411.312},{"text":"process","start":5411.376,"end":5411.97},{"text":"of","start":5412.083,"end":5412.147},{"text":"the","start":5412.179,"end":5412.259},{"text":"Registration","start":5412.259,"end":5413.03},{"text":"Convention.","start":5413.062,"end":5413.688}]},{"text":"And we are pleased to report that in May of last year, the Philippines formally acceded to the Registration Convention.","start":5414.427,"end":5421.298,"topics":[{"key":"registration-transparency","label":"Registration and Transparency","description":"A common theme was the registration of space objects and broader information-sharing under Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty. States discussed national registries, UN notifications, and transparency tools to improve accountability, confidence, and coordination in space activities."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5414.427,"end":5414.571},{"text":"we","start":5414.571,"end":5414.652},{"text":"are","start":5414.668,"end":5414.748},{"text":"pleased","start":5414.748,"end":5415.069},{"text":"to","start":5415.069,"end":5415.117},{"text":"report","start":5415.149,"end":5415.679},{"text":"that","start":5415.791,"end":5416},{"text":"in","start":5416.209,"end":5416.289},{"text":"May","start":5416.353,"end":5416.45},{"text":"of","start":5416.755,"end":5416.899},{"text":"last","start":5416.915,"end":5417.252},{"text":"year,","start":5417.252,"end":5417.573},{"text":"the","start":5417.943,"end":5418.023},{"text":"Philippines","start":5418.023,"end":5418.488},{"text":"formally","start":5418.745,"end":5419.131},{"text":"acceded","start":5419.163,"end":5419.725},{"text":"to","start":5419.725,"end":5419.869},{"text":"the","start":5419.869,"end":5419.965},{"text":"Registration","start":5419.965,"end":5420.656},{"text":"Convention.","start":5420.688,"end":5421.298}]},{"text":"To mark this milestone, the Philippines hosted a forum during Philippine Space Week in August of last year, focusing on the domestic implementation of the convention in a whole-of-society approach.","start":5422.374,"end":5433.981,"topics":[{"key":"registration-transparency","label":"Registration and Transparency","description":"A common theme was the registration of space objects and broader information-sharing under Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty. 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Examples included regional initiatives, advisory missions, academic programs, and public outreach on space law."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5435.056,"end":5435.169},{"text":"event","start":5435.233,"end":5435.714},{"text":"brought","start":5435.843,"end":5436.003},{"text":"together","start":5436.003,"end":5436.501},{"text":"key","start":5436.742,"end":5436.967},{"text":"government","start":5436.967,"end":5437.625},{"text":"and","start":5437.625,"end":5437.721},{"text":"private","start":5437.786,"end":5438.171},{"text":"stakeholders","start":5438.171,"end":5438.877},{"text":"to","start":5439.455,"end":5439.616},{"text":"deepen","start":5439.616,"end":5439.921},{"text":"understanding","start":5440.098,"end":5440.724},{"text":"of","start":5440.836,"end":5440.997},{"text":"international","start":5440.997,"end":5441.784},{"text":"legal","start":5441.784,"end":5442.121},{"text":"frameworks","start":5442.121,"end":5442.843},{"text":"and","start":5443.165,"end":5443.229},{"text":"their","start":5443.309,"end":5443.47},{"text":"impact","start":5443.47,"end":5443.967},{"text":"on","start":5443.967,"end":5444.08},{"text":"national","start":5444.128,"end":5444.481},{"text":"space","start":5444.513,"end":5444.947},{"text":"policy","start":5444.995,"end":5445.461},{"text":"and","start":5445.573,"end":5445.798},{"text":"industry.","start":5445.798,"end":5446.263}]},{"text":"The Philippines is also in the process of setting up a website to serve as the official Philippine registry of space objects, which we will launch during Philippine Space Week in August of this year.","start":5447.403,"end":5461.003,"topics":[{"key":"registration-transparency","label":"Registration and Transparency","description":"A common theme was the registration of space objects and broader information-sharing under Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty. States discussed national registries, UN notifications, and transparency tools to improve accountability, confidence, and coordination in space activities."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5447.403,"end":5447.484},{"text":"Philippines","start":5447.484,"end":5447.917},{"text":"is","start":5447.917,"end":5448.03},{"text":"also","start":5448.206,"end":5448.544},{"text":"in","start":5448.544,"end":5448.624},{"text":"the","start":5448.624,"end":5448.704},{"text":"process","start":5448.704,"end":5449.282},{"text":"of","start":5449.411,"end":5449.587},{"text":"setting","start":5449.587,"end":5449.956},{"text":"up","start":5450.053,"end":5450.326},{"text":"a","start":5450.39,"end":5450.406},{"text":"website","start":5450.454,"end":5451.032},{"text":"to","start":5451.032,"end":5452.574},{"text":"serve","start":5452.574,"end":5453.023},{"text":"as","start":5453.023,"end":5453.088},{"text":"the","start":5453.425,"end":5453.633},{"text":"official","start":5453.826,"end":5454.195},{"text":"Philippine","start":5454.228,"end":5454.629},{"text":"registry","start":5454.645,"end":5455.175},{"text":"of","start":5455.191,"end":5455.287},{"text":"space","start":5455.287,"end":5455.56},{"text":"objects,","start":5455.753,"end":5456.347},{"text":"which","start":5456.957,"end":5457.102},{"text":"we","start":5457.278,"end":5457.375},{"text":"will","start":5457.375,"end":5457.519},{"text":"launch","start":5457.519,"end":5457.872},{"text":"during","start":5458.161,"end":5458.386},{"text":"Philippine","start":5458.499,"end":5458.9},{"text":"Space","start":5458.9,"end":5459.317},{"text":"Week","start":5459.366,"end":5459.687},{"text":"in","start":5459.687,"end":5459.735},{"text":"August","start":5459.847,"end":5460.265},{"text":"of","start":5460.329,"end":5460.49},{"text":"this","start":5460.49,"end":5460.602},{"text":"year.","start":5460.666,"end":5461.003}]},{"text":"In line with Article 2 of the convention, we will be sending formal communication to the United Nations in this regard.","start":5462.5,"end":5468.126,"topics":[{"key":"registration-transparency","label":"Registration and Transparency","description":"A common theme was the registration of space objects and broader information-sharing under Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty. States discussed national registries, UN notifications, and transparency tools to improve accountability, confidence, and coordination in space activities."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5462.5,"end":5462.565},{"text":"line","start":5462.597,"end":5462.792},{"text":"with","start":5462.84,"end":5463.003},{"text":"Article","start":5463.003,"end":5463.294},{"text":"2","start":5463.392,"end":5463.538},{"text":"of","start":5463.554,"end":5463.635},{"text":"the","start":5463.635,"end":5463.716},{"text":"convention,","start":5463.716,"end":5464.283},{"text":"we","start":5464.365,"end":5464.413},{"text":"will","start":5464.462,"end":5464.575},{"text":"be","start":5464.689,"end":5464.721},{"text":"sending","start":5464.721,"end":5465.159},{"text":"formal","start":5465.272,"end":5465.678},{"text":"communication","start":5465.678,"end":5466.359},{"text":"to","start":5466.488,"end":5466.618},{"text":"the","start":5466.634,"end":5466.699},{"text":"United","start":5466.715,"end":5466.991},{"text":"Nations","start":5466.991,"end":5467.429},{"text":"in","start":5467.461,"end":5467.526},{"text":"this","start":5467.526,"end":5467.688},{"text":"regard.","start":5467.688,"end":5468.126}]},{"text":"We note, Mr. Chair, that even prior to accession, the Philippines has been submitting updates on Philippine space objects, and we will continue to do so in the spirit of transparency and cooperation.","start":5469.02,"end":5481.309,"topics":[{"key":"registration-transparency","label":"Registration and Transparency","description":"A common theme was the registration of space objects and broader information-sharing under Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty. 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Chair, we share that tala is the Filipino word for star.","start":5548.684,"end":5552.731,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5548.684,"end":5548.877},{"text":"Chair,","start":5548.925,"end":5549.182},{"text":"we","start":5549.567,"end":5549.648},{"text":"share","start":5549.648,"end":5549.905},{"text":"that","start":5550.033,"end":5550.306},{"text":"tala","start":5550.483,"end":5550.932},{"text":"is","start":5550.932,"end":5551.061},{"text":"the","start":5551.077,"end":5551.173},{"text":"Filipino","start":5551.173,"end":5551.671},{"text":"word","start":5551.8,"end":5552.073},{"text":"for","start":5552.282,"end":5552.426},{"text":"star.","start":5552.442,"end":5552.731}]},{"text":"We will launch this book at a side event on the 14th of May, next week, from 1 PM to 1:45 PM at Conference Room M5, and we warmly invite all delegates to attend and receive a copy of this 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closing, Mr. Chair, allow us to reaffirm that the Philippines continues to pursue ratification of the UN space treaties and to build international partnerships as part of our sincere commitment to becoming a responsible spacefaring nation.","start":5570.142,"end":5585.421,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-law","label":"International Space Law","description":"Many delegations stressed the central role of the Outer Space Treaty and the other UN space treaties as the legal foundation for activities in outer space. 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you, Mr.","start":5585.762,"end":5586.217,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5585.762,"end":5585.941},{"text":"you,","start":5585.941,"end":5586.006},{"text":"Mr.","start":5586.022,"end":5586.217}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair.","start":5586.266,"end":5586.493,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair.","start":5586.266,"end":5586.493}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"PHL","affiliation_full":"Philippines","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":29,"start":5590.885,"pageUrl":"/fr/asset/k12/k12yn1jav9?lang=en&t=5591","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I would like to thank the distinguished representative of the Philippines for her 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item.","start":5605.918,"end":5611.399,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ecuador","start":5605.918,"end":5606.272},{"text":"will","start":5608.078,"end":5608.158},{"text":"make","start":5608.158,"end":5608.416},{"text":"the","start":5608.416,"end":5608.497},{"text":"following","start":5608.497,"end":5608.868},{"text":"comments","start":5608.965,"end":5609.4},{"text":"regarding","start":5609.706,"end":5610.077},{"text":"this","start":5610.109,"end":5610.238},{"text":"current","start":5610.431,"end":5610.689},{"text":"agenda","start":5610.689,"end":5611.044},{"text":"item.","start":5611.06,"end":5611.399}]},{"text":"Chair, in keeping with its commitment to the primacy of international law, Ecuador is of the view that adherence to United Nations legal instruments on space matters promotes and significantly contributes to the establishment of a safe and sustainable environment for the development of activities in outer space.","start":5613.13,"end":5632.992,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-law","label":"International Space Law","description":"Many delegations stressed the central role of the Outer Space Treaty and the other UN space treaties as the legal foundation for activities in outer space. Speakers discussed wider ratification, national implementation, possible legal gaps, and the continued development of norms within a rules-based framework."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":5613.13,"end":5614.176},{"text":"in","start":5614.611,"end":5614.691},{"text":"keeping","start":5614.691,"end":5614.981},{"text":"with","start":5615.078,"end":5615.19},{"text":"its","start":5615.19,"end":5615.303},{"text":"commitment","start":5615.335,"end":5615.882},{"text":"to","start":5615.882,"end":5616.027},{"text":"the","start":5616.043,"end":5616.14},{"text":"primacy","start":5616.204,"end":5616.687},{"text":"of","start":5616.687,"end":5616.768},{"text":"international","start":5616.768,"end":5617.428},{"text":"law,","start":5617.428,"end":5617.541},{"text":"Ecuador","start":5618.539,"end":5619.134},{"text":"is","start":5619.537,"end":5619.65},{"text":"of","start":5619.682,"end":5619.827},{"text":"the","start":5619.827,"end":5619.923},{"text":"view","start":5619.923,"end":5620.1},{"text":"that","start":5620.1,"end":5620.261},{"text":"adherence","start":5620.261,"end":5620.744},{"text":"to","start":5620.809,"end":5620.986},{"text":"United","start":5621.276,"end":5621.678},{"text":"Nations","start":5621.678,"end":5622.016},{"text":"legal","start":5622.097,"end":5622.322},{"text":"instruments","start":5622.403,"end":5622.87},{"text":"on","start":5622.984,"end":5623.131},{"text":"space","start":5623.131,"end":5623.555},{"text":"matters","start":5623.555,"end":5624.012},{"text":"promotes","start":5624.616,"end":5625.187},{"text":"and","start":5625.187,"end":5625.285},{"text":"significantly","start":5625.285,"end":5625.987},{"text":"contributes","start":5625.987,"end":5626.591},{"text":"to","start":5626.656,"end":5626.787},{"text":"the","start":5626.82,"end":5626.868},{"text":"establishment","start":5626.885,"end":5627.652},{"text":"of","start":5627.701,"end":5627.799},{"text":"a","start":5627.799,"end":5627.978},{"text":"safe","start":5627.94,"end":5628.28},{"text":"and","start":5628.361,"end":5628.442},{"text":"sustainable","start":5628.442,"end":5629.251},{"text":"environment","start":5629.267,"end":5630.012},{"text":"for","start":5630.547,"end":5630.676},{"text":"the","start":5630.741,"end":5630.871},{"text":"development","start":5630.871,"end":5631.502},{"text":"of","start":5631.551,"end":5631.697},{"text":"activities","start":5631.697,"end":5632.296},{"text":"in","start":5632.344,"end":5632.49},{"text":"outer","start":5632.49,"end":5632.668},{"text":"space.","start":5632.668,"end":5632.992}]},{"text":"Moreover, for my country, adherence to and the implementation of these instruments strengthens the effectiveness of COPUOS as the leading multilateral forum to address space matters that are of interest to all of humankind without exclusion, in addition to promoting cooperation and the development of international space Chair, in line with this approach, Ecuador is satisfied following its adherence to the Convention on the Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space.","start":5635.979,"end":5669.024,"topics":[{"key":"registration-transparency","label":"Registration and Transparency","description":"A common theme was the registration of space objects and broader information-sharing under Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty. States discussed national registries, UN notifications, and transparency tools to improve accountability, confidence, and coordination in space activities."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":5635.979,"end":5636.302},{"text":"for","start":5636.318,"end":5636.448},{"text":"my","start":5636.48,"end":5636.642},{"text":"country,","start":5636.642,"end":5637.03},{"text":"adherence","start":5637.127,"end":5637.628},{"text":"to","start":5637.628,"end":5637.758},{"text":"and","start":5637.855,"end":5637.952},{"text":"the","start":5637.952,"end":5638.033},{"text":"implementation","start":5638.033,"end":5638.696},{"text":"of","start":5638.696,"end":5638.777},{"text":"these","start":5638.825,"end":5638.971},{"text":"instruments","start":5639.003,"end":5639.521},{"text":"strengthens","start":5640.216,"end":5640.798},{"text":"the","start":5640.928,"end":5641.025},{"text":"effectiveness","start":5641.025,"end":5641.672},{"text":"of","start":5641.672,"end":5641.753},{"text":"COPUOS","start":5641.753,"end":5642.286},{"text":"as","start":5642.626,"end":5642.691},{"text":"the","start":5642.901,"end":5643.047},{"text":"leading","start":5643.047,"end":5643.386},{"text":"multilateral","start":5643.435,"end":5644.308},{"text":"forum","start":5644.34,"end":5644.696},{"text":"to","start":5644.89,"end":5645.036},{"text":"address","start":5645.052,"end":5645.28},{"text":"space","start":5645.28,"end":5645.525},{"text":"matters","start":5645.656,"end":5646.016},{"text":"that","start":5646.065,"end":5646.212},{"text":"are","start":5646.212,"end":5646.294},{"text":"of","start":5646.294,"end":5646.458},{"text":"interest","start":5646.458,"end":5646.834},{"text":"to","start":5646.867,"end":5647.014},{"text":"all","start":5647.178,"end":5647.227},{"text":"of","start":5647.522,"end":5647.636},{"text":"humankind","start":5647.669,"end":5648.258},{"text":"without","start":5648.258,"end":5648.749},{"text":"exclusion,","start":5648.749,"end":5649.257},{"text":"in","start":5650.56,"end":5650.592},{"text":"addition","start":5650.592,"end":5651.048},{"text":"to","start":5651.081,"end":5651.211},{"text":"promoting","start":5651.244,"end":5651.781},{"text":"cooperation","start":5651.879,"end":5652.742},{"text":"and","start":5653.101,"end":5653.248},{"text":"the","start":5653.28,"end":5653.362},{"text":"development","start":5653.362,"end":5654.095},{"text":"of","start":5654.095,"end":5654.176},{"text":"international","start":5654.176,"end":5654.763},{"text":"space","start":5654.763,"end":5655.04},{"text":"Chair,","start":5659.195,"end":5659.453},{"text":"in","start":5659.599,"end":5659.761},{"text":"line","start":5659.761,"end":5659.971},{"text":"with","start":5660.004,"end":5660.165},{"text":"this","start":5660.165,"end":5660.327},{"text":"approach,","start":5660.327,"end":5660.699},{"text":"Ecuador","start":5660.893,"end":5661.33},{"text":"is","start":5661.476,"end":5661.541},{"text":"satisfied","start":5661.541,"end":5662.301},{"text":"following","start":5663.952,"end":5664.663},{"text":"its","start":5664.761,"end":5664.922},{"text":"adherence","start":5664.922,"end":5665.327},{"text":"to","start":5665.327,"end":5665.424},{"text":"the","start":5665.424,"end":5665.456},{"text":"Convention","start":5665.505,"end":5665.909},{"text":"on","start":5665.909,"end":5665.99},{"text":"the","start":5665.99,"end":5666.071},{"text":"Registration","start":5666.071,"end":5666.735},{"text":"of","start":5666.735,"end":5666.848},{"text":"Objects","start":5667.026,"end":5667.511},{"text":"Launched","start":5667.511,"end":5667.916},{"text":"into","start":5667.916,"end":5668.237},{"text":"Outer","start":5668.398,"end":5668.639},{"text":"Space.","start":5668.639,"end":5669.024}]},{"text":"This act represents a solid and concrete step forward in our commitment to the observance, promotion, and further strengthening of international space law.","start":5671.049,"end":5679.581,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-law","label":"International Space Law","description":"Many delegations stressed the central role of the Outer Space Treaty and the other UN space treaties as the legal foundation for activities in outer space. Speakers discussed wider ratification, national implementation, possible legal gaps, and the continued development of norms within a rules-based framework."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5671.049,"end":5671.29},{"text":"act","start":5671.37,"end":5671.724},{"text":"represents","start":5671.788,"end":5672.607},{"text":"a","start":5673.057,"end":5673.073},{"text":"solid","start":5673.073,"end":5673.636},{"text":"and","start":5673.636,"end":5673.78},{"text":"concrete","start":5673.78,"end":5674.198},{"text":"step","start":5674.198,"end":5674.455},{"text":"forward","start":5674.519,"end":5674.905},{"text":"in","start":5674.905,"end":5674.985},{"text":"our","start":5674.985,"end":5675.13},{"text":"commitment","start":5675.162,"end":5675.708},{"text":"to","start":5675.708,"end":5675.821},{"text":"the","start":5675.821,"end":5675.965},{"text":"observance,","start":5675.965,"end":5676.592},{"text":"promotion,","start":5676.608,"end":5677.058},{"text":"and","start":5677.235,"end":5677.46},{"text":"further","start":5677.46,"end":5677.657},{"text":"strengthening","start":5677.657,"end":5678.249},{"text":"of","start":5678.249,"end":5678.397},{"text":"international","start":5678.397,"end":5679.022},{"text":"space","start":5679.055,"end":5679.334},{"text":"law.","start":5679.532,"end":5679.581}]},{"text":"In keeping with the principles set forth in the Outer Space Treaty.","start":5680.764,"end":5683.851,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-law","label":"International Space Law","description":"Many delegations stressed the central role of the Outer Space Treaty and the other UN space treaties as the legal foundation for activities in outer space. 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Speakers referred to keeping space free of nuclear weapons, concerns about militarization, and the importance of governance that supports peace and international security."}],"words":[{"text":"Governing","start":5733.326,"end":5733.712},{"text":"the","start":5733.824,"end":5734.017},{"text":"peaceful","start":5734.226,"end":5734.66},{"text":"and","start":5734.853,"end":5735.013},{"text":"responsible","start":5735.013,"end":5735.736},{"text":"use","start":5735.736,"end":5735.929},{"text":"of","start":5735.929,"end":5736.058},{"text":"outer","start":5736.058,"end":5736.25},{"text":"space.","start":5736.25,"end":5736.524}]},{"text":"Through this act of adherence, my country has become a state party to 4 of the 5 core treaties that govern space law, thus strengthening its vocation of peace, scientific and technological cooperation, and responsible use of outer space.","start":5737.825,"end":5752.997,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-law","label":"International Space Law","description":"Many delegations stressed the central role of the Outer Space Treaty and the other UN space treaties as the legal foundation for activities in outer space. 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States discussed national registries, UN notifications, and transparency tools to improve accountability, confidence, and coordination in space activities."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5755.112,"end":5755.209},{"text":"Registration","start":5755.209,"end":5755.97},{"text":"Convention","start":5756.019,"end":5756.716},{"text":"entered","start":5757.623,"end":5757.866},{"text":"into","start":5757.866,"end":5757.995},{"text":"force","start":5758.044,"end":5758.336},{"text":"in","start":5758.433,"end":5758.498},{"text":"Ecuador","start":5758.53,"end":5758.886},{"text":"in","start":5759.097,"end":5759.243},{"text":"March","start":5759.243,"end":5759.47},{"text":"2025.","start":5759.518,"end":5760.555}]},{"text":"However, A number of months earlier, we had already started working internally to ensure normative alignment to guarantee effective compliance with the commitments made in coordination with the institutions operating in space sector management.","start":5760.62,"end":5774.697,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-law","label":"International Space Law","description":"Many delegations stressed the central role of the Outer Space Treaty and the other UN space treaties as the legal foundation for activities in outer space. 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you very much.","start":5798.47,"end":5798.929,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5798.47,"end":5798.572},{"text":"you","start":5798.572,"end":5798.606},{"text":"very","start":5798.606,"end":5798.674},{"text":"much.","start":5798.674,"end":5798.929}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"ECU","affiliation_full":"Ecuador","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":31,"start":5803.241,"pageUrl":"/fr/asset/k12/k12yn1jav9?lang=en&t=5804","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Ecuador for her 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Colombia.","start":5812.45,"end":5816.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5812.45,"end":5812.484},{"text":"following","start":5812.484,"end":5812.794},{"text":"speaker","start":5812.845,"end":5813.327},{"text":"is","start":5813.658,"end":5813.74},{"text":"the","start":5813.74,"end":5813.87},{"text":"distinguished","start":5813.87,"end":5814.276},{"text":"representative","start":5814.276,"end":5814.91},{"text":"of","start":5815.836,"end":5815.933},{"text":"Colombia.","start":5815.933,"end":5816.47}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COPUOS","affiliation_full":"COPUOS","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":32,"start":5819.93,"pageUrl":"/fr/asset/k12/k12yn1jav9?lang=en&t=5820","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair, distinguished colleagues, good day.","start":5819.93,"end":5822.713,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":5819.93,"end":5820.205},{"text":"distinguished","start":5820.528,"end":5820.998},{"text":"colleagues,","start":5820.998,"end":5821.386},{"text":"good","start":5822.389,"end":5822.503},{"text":"day.","start":5822.535,"end":5822.713}]},{"text":"Before beginning, and as this is the first statement delivered by my country, I would like to restate our condolences to Poland following the sad passing of Ambassador Andrzej Misztal, who, through his leadership of the Working Group on the Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities, has left COPUS with an invaluable legacy.","start":5823.846,"end":5845.766,"topics":[{"key":"space-resources","label":"Space Resources","description":"Several statements focused on the legal and policy framework for space resource activities, especially on the Moon. Speakers referred to the working group on space resources, national legislation, Artemis-related cooperation, and the need for principles that support responsible future 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my delegation wishes you the best of success in the development of this legal subcommittee and would like to thank the Director of UNOSA and the Secretariat for the actions undertaken in order to carry out this 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to Agenda Item 5 on the status and application of the 5 United Nations Treaties on outer space, Colombia aligns itself with the declaration delivered by the G77 and China, and in its national capacity wishes to state the following: Colombia acknowledges the importance of the international legal framework established under the United Nations to ensure the peaceful use of outer space, and as such, we restate our commitment to the promotion of respect.","start":5863.927,"end":5896.174,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-law","label":"International Space Law","description":"Many delegations stressed the central role of the Outer Space Treaty and the other UN space treaties as the legal foundation for activities in outer space. 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Speakers discussed wider ratification, national implementation, possible legal gaps, and the continued development of norms within a rules-based framework."}],"words":[{"text":"Respect","start":5896.26,"end":5896.596},{"text":"for","start":5896.612,"end":5896.805},{"text":"and","start":5897.077,"end":5897.142},{"text":"further","start":5897.174,"end":5897.43},{"text":"strengthening","start":5897.478,"end":5898.024},{"text":"of","start":5898.601,"end":5898.745},{"text":"the","start":5899.018,"end":5899.258},{"text":"existing","start":5899.499,"end":5899.884},{"text":"legal","start":5899.964,"end":5900.172},{"text":"regime","start":5900.205,"end":5900.557},{"text":"in","start":5900.557,"end":5900.638},{"text":"this","start":5900.686,"end":5900.926},{"text":"area.","start":5900.926,"end":5901.279}]},{"text":"Colombia expresses its resolve to continue progressing towards a harmonious and coherent normative integration with our national space development.","start":5902.706,"end":5911.334,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-law","label":"International Space Law","description":"Many delegations stressed the central role of the Outer Space Treaty and the other UN space treaties as the legal foundation for activities in outer space. Speakers discussed wider ratification, national implementation, possible legal gaps, and the continued development of norms within a rules-based framework."}],"words":[{"text":"Colombia","start":5902.706,"end":5902.995},{"text":"expresses","start":5903.011,"end":5903.588},{"text":"its","start":5903.652,"end":5903.781},{"text":"resolve","start":5904.069,"end":5904.518},{"text":"to","start":5904.55,"end":5904.631},{"text":"continue","start":5904.631,"end":5905.112},{"text":"progressing","start":5905.112,"end":5905.641},{"text":"towards","start":5905.753,"end":5906.234},{"text":"a","start":5906.234,"end":5906.363},{"text":"harmonious","start":5906.379,"end":5907.004},{"text":"and","start":5907.261,"end":5907.421},{"text":"coherent","start":5907.421,"end":5908.079},{"text":"normative","start":5908.079,"end":5908.544},{"text":"integration","start":5908.544,"end":5909.249},{"text":"with","start":5909.522,"end":5909.746},{"text":"our","start":5909.746,"end":5909.859},{"text":"national","start":5909.859,"end":5910.324},{"text":"space","start":5910.324,"end":5910.596},{"text":"development.","start":5910.644,"end":5911.334}]},{"text":"We believe that the ongoing exchange of information among states and monitoring the status of ratification of treaties and of domestic regulations in states on matters pertaining to outer space are key tools in order to promote the harmonious application of iuris spatialis internationalis.","start":5912.248,"end":5932.025,"topics":[{"key":"registration-transparency","label":"Registration and Transparency","description":"A common theme was the registration of space objects and broader information-sharing under Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty. States discussed national registries, UN notifications, and transparency tools to improve accountability, confidence, and coordination in space activities."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5912.248,"end":5912.408},{"text":"believe","start":5912.408,"end":5912.745},{"text":"that","start":5912.809,"end":5913.018},{"text":"the","start":5913.114,"end":5913.307},{"text":"ongoing","start":5913.435,"end":5913.9},{"text":"exchange","start":5913.916,"end":5914.349},{"text":"of","start":5914.349,"end":5914.429},{"text":"information","start":5914.429,"end":5915.087},{"text":"among","start":5915.151,"end":5915.423},{"text":"states","start":5915.536,"end":5916.177},{"text":"and","start":5917.604,"end":5917.989},{"text":"monitoring","start":5918.085,"end":5918.615},{"text":"the","start":5918.663,"end":5918.807},{"text":"status","start":5918.807,"end":5919.24},{"text":"of","start":5919.24,"end":5919.368},{"text":"ratification","start":5919.368,"end":5920.074},{"text":"of","start":5920.17,"end":5920.234},{"text":"treaties","start":5920.266,"end":5920.876},{"text":"and","start":5921.052,"end":5921.213},{"text":"of","start":5921.213,"end":5921.373},{"text":"domestic","start":5921.373,"end":5921.934},{"text":"regulations","start":5921.934,"end":5922.399},{"text":"in","start":5922.819,"end":5922.868},{"text":"states","start":5922.981,"end":5923.369},{"text":"on","start":5923.547,"end":5923.595},{"text":"matters","start":5923.789,"end":5924.097},{"text":"pertaining","start":5924.129,"end":5924.501},{"text":"to","start":5924.533,"end":5924.679},{"text":"outer","start":5924.76,"end":5924.921},{"text":"space","start":5924.921,"end":5925.342},{"text":"are","start":5925.665,"end":5925.811},{"text":"key","start":5925.811,"end":5925.924},{"text":"tools","start":5926.053,"end":5926.409},{"text":"in","start":5926.457,"end":5926.506},{"text":"order","start":5926.635,"end":5926.862},{"text":"to","start":5926.862,"end":5927.007},{"text":"promote","start":5927.023,"end":5927.508},{"text":"the","start":5927.508,"end":5927.654},{"text":"harmonious","start":5927.67,"end":5928.333},{"text":"application","start":5928.333,"end":5928.948},{"text":"of","start":5929.772,"end":5929.999},{"text":"iuris","start":5930.08,"end":5930.306},{"text":"spatialis","start":5930.452,"end":5931.133},{"text":"internationalis.","start":5931.263,"end":5932.025}]},{"text":"In the same vein, we underscore the need to further develop ways and means for the application and implementation of the treaties, including capacity building.","start":5933.743,"end":5941.956,"topics":[{"key":"capacity-building","label":"Capacity Building","description":"Many speakers emphasized education, training, and technical assistance to help emerging space actors implement international law and develop national space legislation. Examples included regional initiatives, advisory missions, academic programs, and public outreach on space law."},{"key":"international-space-law","label":"International Space Law","description":"Many delegations stressed the central role of the Outer Space Treaty and the other UN space treaties as the legal foundation for activities in outer space. Speakers discussed wider ratification, national implementation, possible legal gaps, and the continued development of norms within a rules-based framework."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5933.743,"end":5933.792},{"text":"the","start":5933.825,"end":5933.857},{"text":"same","start":5933.857,"end":5934.149},{"text":"vein,","start":5934.149,"end":5934.392},{"text":"we","start":5934.473,"end":5934.587},{"text":"underscore","start":5934.716,"end":5935.17},{"text":"the","start":5935.948,"end":5936.192},{"text":"need","start":5936.256,"end":5936.532},{"text":"to","start":5936.743,"end":5936.97},{"text":"further","start":5937.262,"end":5937.553},{"text":"develop","start":5937.553,"end":5937.878},{"text":"ways","start":5937.878,"end":5938.024},{"text":"and","start":5938.056,"end":5938.137},{"text":"means","start":5938.137,"end":5938.348},{"text":"for","start":5938.445,"end":5938.575},{"text":"the","start":5938.607,"end":5938.737},{"text":"application","start":5938.867,"end":5939.24},{"text":"and","start":5939.24,"end":5939.337},{"text":"implementation","start":5939.337,"end":5939.951},{"text":"of","start":5940,"end":5940.08},{"text":"the","start":5940.08,"end":5940.161},{"text":"treaties,","start":5940.161,"end":5940.533},{"text":"including","start":5940.646,"end":5941.099},{"text":"capacity","start":5941.115,"end":5941.617},{"text":"building.","start":5941.617,"end":5941.956}]},{"text":"Turning to the status of the treaties in Colombia, we highlight the following.","start":5943.153,"end":5947.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Turning","start":5943.153,"end":5943.476},{"text":"to","start":5943.557,"end":5943.735},{"text":"the","start":5944.042,"end":5944.285},{"text":"status","start":5944.544,"end":5945.077},{"text":"of","start":5945.11,"end":5945.223},{"text":"the","start":5945.239,"end":5945.336},{"text":"treaties","start":5945.336,"end":5945.789},{"text":"in","start":5945.821,"end":5945.902},{"text":"Colombia,","start":5945.902,"end":5946.371},{"text":"we","start":5946.452,"end":5946.549},{"text":"highlight","start":5946.614,"end":5946.937},{"text":"the","start":5946.937,"end":5947.002},{"text":"following.","start":5947.018,"end":5947.39}]},{"text":"In 2024, Colombia ratified the Treaty on the Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies.","start":5948.01,"end":5959.753,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-law","label":"International Space Law","description":"Many delegations stressed the central role of the Outer Space Treaty and the other UN space treaties as the legal foundation for activities in outer space. Speakers discussed wider ratification, national implementation, possible legal gaps, and the continued development of norms within a rules-based framework."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5948.01,"end":5948.106},{"text":"2024,","start":5948.106,"end":5949.185},{"text":"Colombia","start":5949.314,"end":5949.878},{"text":"ratified","start":5949.894,"end":5950.522},{"text":"the","start":5950.522,"end":5950.683},{"text":"Treaty","start":5950.683,"end":5951.07},{"text":"on","start":5951.166,"end":5951.231},{"text":"the","start":5951.263,"end":5951.505},{"text":"Principles","start":5951.746,"end":5952.31},{"text":"Governing","start":5952.31,"end":5952.761},{"text":"the","start":5953.18,"end":5953.244},{"text":"Activities","start":5953.26,"end":5953.808},{"text":"of","start":5953.92,"end":5954.017},{"text":"States","start":5954.017,"end":5954.5},{"text":"in","start":5954.5,"end":5954.565},{"text":"the","start":5954.565,"end":5954.71},{"text":"Exploration","start":5954.726,"end":5955.338},{"text":"and","start":5955.596,"end":5955.757},{"text":"Use","start":5955.757,"end":5956.014},{"text":"of","start":5956.014,"end":5956.143},{"text":"Outer","start":5956.24,"end":5956.417},{"text":"Space,","start":5956.417,"end":5956.852},{"text":"including","start":5957.45,"end":5957.943},{"text":"the","start":5957.992,"end":5958.075},{"text":"Moon","start":5958.075,"end":5958.354},{"text":"and","start":5958.552,"end":5958.716},{"text":"Other","start":5958.782,"end":5958.848},{"text":"Celestial","start":5958.881,"end":5959.44},{"text":"Bodies.","start":5959.44,"end":5959.753}]},{"text":"This treaty is considered to be the keystone of modern international space law, whereby its ratification was deemed sufficiently broad in order to underscore Colombia's support for internationally agreed principles governing the activities of states in the exploration and use of outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies.","start":5961.53,"end":5984.417,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-law","label":"International Space Law","description":"Many delegations stressed the central role of the Outer Space Treaty and the other UN space treaties as the legal foundation for activities in outer space. Speakers discussed wider ratification, national implementation, possible legal gaps, and the continued development of norms within a rules-based framework."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5961.53,"end":5961.594},{"text":"treaty","start":5961.723,"end":5962.094},{"text":"is","start":5962.191,"end":5962.256},{"text":"considered","start":5962.288,"end":5962.675},{"text":"to","start":5962.675,"end":5962.772},{"text":"be","start":5962.772,"end":5962.933},{"text":"the","start":5962.933,"end":5963.078},{"text":"keystone","start":5963.078,"end":5963.611},{"text":"of","start":5963.885,"end":5964.111},{"text":"modern","start":5964.159,"end":5964.498},{"text":"international","start":5964.547,"end":5965.127},{"text":"space","start":5965.127,"end":5965.579},{"text":"law,","start":5965.579,"end":5965.676},{"text":"whereby","start":5966.886,"end":5967.225},{"text":"its","start":5967.386,"end":5967.531},{"text":"ratification","start":5967.531,"end":5968.29},{"text":"was","start":5968.338,"end":5968.467},{"text":"deemed","start":5968.58,"end":5969.032},{"text":"sufficiently","start":5969.387,"end":5970.081},{"text":"broad","start":5970.194,"end":5970.597},{"text":"in","start":5970.597,"end":5970.645},{"text":"order","start":5970.904,"end":5971.13},{"text":"to","start":5971.13,"end":5971.381},{"text":"underscore","start":5971.482,"end":5972.018},{"text":"Colombia's","start":5972.253,"end":5972.756},{"text":"support","start":5972.756,"end":5975.154},{"text":"for","start":5973.636,"end":5973.748},{"text":"internationally","start":5973.797,"end":5974.504},{"text":"agreed","start":5974.552,"end":5974.986},{"text":"principles","start":5975.018,"end":5975.629},{"text":"governing","start":5975.806,"end":5976.192},{"text":"the","start":5976.224,"end":5976.369},{"text":"activities","start":5976.369,"end":5976.996},{"text":"of","start":5977.108,"end":5977.253},{"text":"states","start":5977.253,"end":5977.639},{"text":"in","start":5978.233,"end":5978.33},{"text":"the","start":5978.539,"end":5978.699},{"text":"exploration","start":5978.732,"end":5979.487},{"text":"and","start":5979.664,"end":5979.841},{"text":"use","start":5979.841,"end":5980.082},{"text":"of","start":5980.082,"end":5980.211},{"text":"outer","start":5980.307,"end":5980.484},{"text":"space,","start":5980.484,"end":5980.805},{"text":"including","start":5980.886,"end":5981.416},{"text":"the","start":5982.027,"end":5982.172},{"text":"Moon","start":5982.172,"end":5982.465},{"text":"and","start":5982.969,"end":5983.197},{"text":"other","start":5983.295,"end":5983.49},{"text":"celestial","start":5983.49,"end":5984.043},{"text":"bodies.","start":5984.043,"end":5984.417}]},{"text":"Furthermore, the Convention on the International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects, adopted in 1972, entered into force in Colombia on the 2nd of July, 2014.","start":5987.96,"end":5999.134,"topics":[{"key":"registration-transparency","label":"Registration and Transparency","description":"A common theme was the registration of space objects and broader information-sharing under Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty. States discussed national registries, UN notifications, and transparency tools to improve accountability, confidence, and coordination in space activities."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":5987.96,"end":5988.35},{"text":"the","start":5988.464,"end":5988.561},{"text":"Convention","start":5988.561,"end":5989.081},{"text":"on","start":5989.195,"end":5989.26},{"text":"the","start":5989.293,"end":5989.374},{"text":"International","start":5989.374,"end":5990.008},{"text":"Liability","start":5990.008,"end":5990.61},{"text":"for","start":5991.325,"end":5991.504},{"text":"Damage","start":5991.553,"end":5991.862},{"text":"Caused","start":5991.894,"end":5992.187},{"text":"by","start":5992.219,"end":5992.382},{"text":"Space","start":5992.382,"end":5992.788},{"text":"Objects,","start":5992.87,"end":5993.39},{"text":"adopted","start":5993.536,"end":5994.073},{"text":"in","start":5994.073,"end":5994.138},{"text":"1972,","start":5994.17,"end":5994.837},{"text":"entered","start":5995.624,"end":5995.951},{"text":"into","start":5995.951,"end":5996.146},{"text":"force","start":5996.195,"end":5996.538},{"text":"in","start":5996.538,"end":5996.685},{"text":"Colombia","start":5996.685,"end":5997.191},{"text":"on","start":5997.191,"end":5997.289},{"text":"the","start":5997.289,"end":5997.371},{"text":"2nd","start":5997.371,"end":5997.779},{"text":"of","start":5997.779,"end":5997.893},{"text":"July,","start":5997.91,"end":5998.204},{"text":"2014.","start":5998.416,"end":5999.134}]},{"text":"Furthermore, the Convention on the Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space, which was adopted in 1975, entered into force in Colombia on the 10th of January, 2014.","start":5999.958,"end":6008.982,"topics":[{"key":"registration-transparency","label":"Registration and Transparency","description":"A common theme was the registration of space objects and broader information-sharing under Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty. States discussed national registries, UN notifications, and transparency tools to improve accountability, confidence, and coordination in space activities."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":5999.958,"end":6000.327},{"text":"the","start":6000.392,"end":6000.52},{"text":"Convention","start":6000.52,"end":6000.922},{"text":"on","start":6000.922,"end":6000.954},{"text":"the","start":6000.954,"end":6001.082},{"text":"Registration","start":6001.082,"end":6001.644},{"text":"of","start":6001.644,"end":6001.805},{"text":"Objects","start":6001.821,"end":6002.286},{"text":"Launched","start":6002.286,"end":6002.688},{"text":"into","start":6002.688,"end":6002.896},{"text":"Outer","start":6003.009,"end":6003.137},{"text":"Space,","start":6003.185,"end":6003.475},{"text":"which","start":6003.587,"end":6003.715},{"text":"was","start":6003.731,"end":6003.828},{"text":"adopted","start":6003.844,"end":6004.229},{"text":"in","start":6004.229,"end":6004.309},{"text":"1975,","start":6004.309,"end":6005.321},{"text":"entered","start":6005.417,"end":6005.835},{"text":"into","start":6005.835,"end":6006.011},{"text":"force","start":6006.06,"end":6006.397},{"text":"in","start":6006.397,"end":6006.461},{"text":"Colombia","start":6006.461,"end":6007.055},{"text":"on","start":6007.28,"end":6007.328},{"text":"the","start":6007.36,"end":6007.44},{"text":"10th","start":6007.44,"end":6007.762},{"text":"of","start":6007.762,"end":6007.826},{"text":"January,","start":6007.826,"end":6008.147},{"text":"2014.","start":6008.163,"end":6008.982}]},{"text":"In this regard, the Colombian Airspace Force has promoted internal provisions in order to establish norms and procedures for the registration of objects launched into outer space, as well as the single Colombian register for objects launched into space.","start":6009.351,"end":6024.38,"topics":[{"key":"registration-transparency","label":"Registration and Transparency","description":"A common theme was the registration of space objects and broader information-sharing under Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty. States discussed national registries, UN notifications, and transparency tools to improve accountability, confidence, and coordination in space activities."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6009.351,"end":6009.399},{"text":"this","start":6009.432,"end":6009.608},{"text":"regard,","start":6009.608,"end":6009.913},{"text":"the","start":6009.929,"end":6010.01},{"text":"Colombian","start":6010.01,"end":6010.459},{"text":"Airspace","start":6010.636,"end":6011.117},{"text":"Force","start":6011.134,"end":6011.358},{"text":"has","start":6011.439,"end":6011.583},{"text":"promoted","start":6011.679,"end":6012.193},{"text":"internal","start":6012.723,"end":6013.141},{"text":"provisions","start":6013.141,"end":6013.799},{"text":"in","start":6013.943,"end":6013.992},{"text":"order","start":6014.168,"end":6014.329},{"text":"to","start":6014.329,"end":6014.425},{"text":"establish","start":6014.425,"end":6014.907},{"text":"norms","start":6014.907,"end":6015.276},{"text":"and","start":6015.308,"end":6015.389},{"text":"procedures","start":6015.389,"end":6015.918},{"text":"for","start":6016.095,"end":6016.272},{"text":"the","start":6016.272,"end":6016.352},{"text":"registration","start":6016.352,"end":6016.994},{"text":"of","start":6016.994,"end":6017.123},{"text":"objects","start":6017.155,"end":6017.701},{"text":"launched","start":6017.701,"end":6018.038},{"text":"into","start":6018.038,"end":6018.279},{"text":"outer","start":6018.279,"end":6018.455},{"text":"space,","start":6018.455,"end":6018.793},{"text":"as","start":6019.467,"end":6019.531},{"text":"well","start":6019.563,"end":6019.804},{"text":"as","start":6019.804,"end":6019.933},{"text":"the","start":6020.205,"end":6020.398},{"text":"single","start":6021.153,"end":6021.458},{"text":"Colombian","start":6021.57,"end":6022.02},{"text":"register","start":6022.197,"end":6022.678},{"text":"for","start":6022.678,"end":6022.823},{"text":"objects","start":6022.855,"end":6023.353},{"text":"launched","start":6023.353,"end":6023.674},{"text":"into","start":6023.674,"end":6023.899},{"text":"space.","start":6023.899,"end":6024.38}]},{"text":"The 2023 Law 2302, referring to the registration obligation in Article 4, establishes the following: that prior to the launch of any space object from Colombian territory or on behalf of the Colombian state, this object must be registered in keeping with the Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space, which was ratified by Colombia.","start":6026.21,"end":6049.481,"topics":[{"key":"registration-transparency","label":"Registration and Transparency","description":"A common theme was the registration of space objects and broader information-sharing under Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty. States discussed national registries, UN notifications, and transparency tools to improve accountability, confidence, and coordination in space activities."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6026.21,"end":6026.419},{"text":"2023","start":6027.751,"end":6028.794},{"text":"Law","start":6028.794,"end":6028.986},{"text":"2302,","start":6029.179,"end":6030.174},{"text":"referring","start":6030.399,"end":6030.768},{"text":"to","start":6030.816,"end":6030.944},{"text":"the","start":6031.041,"end":6031.362},{"text":"registration","start":6031.763,"end":6032.373},{"text":"obligation","start":6032.485,"end":6033.047},{"text":"in","start":6033.047,"end":6033.175},{"text":"Article","start":6033.288,"end":6033.593},{"text":"4,","start":6033.609,"end":6033.865},{"text":"establishes","start":6033.93,"end":6034.539},{"text":"the","start":6034.957,"end":6035.005},{"text":"following:","start":6035.037,"end":6035.422},{"text":"that","start":6035.454,"end":6035.615},{"text":"prior","start":6035.615,"end":6036.08},{"text":"to","start":6036.08,"end":6036.241},{"text":"the","start":6036.241,"end":6036.337},{"text":"launch","start":6036.337,"end":6036.658},{"text":"of","start":6036.658,"end":6036.786},{"text":"any","start":6036.883,"end":6037.027},{"text":"space","start":6037.059,"end":6037.46},{"text":"object","start":6037.541,"end":6038.086},{"text":"from","start":6038.086,"end":6038.311},{"text":"Colombian","start":6038.488,"end":6038.873},{"text":"territory","start":6038.969,"end":6039.515},{"text":"or","start":6039.932,"end":6039.98},{"text":"on","start":6040.092,"end":6040.157},{"text":"behalf","start":6040.189,"end":6040.59},{"text":"of","start":6040.59,"end":6040.67},{"text":"the","start":6040.67,"end":6040.75},{"text":"Colombian","start":6040.75,"end":6041.232},{"text":"state,","start":6041.232,"end":6041.633},{"text":"this","start":6041.697,"end":6041.874},{"text":"object","start":6041.938,"end":6042.227},{"text":"must","start":6042.259,"end":6042.468},{"text":"be","start":6042.516,"end":6042.66},{"text":"registered","start":6042.66,"end":6043.174},{"text":"in","start":6043.174,"end":6043.254},{"text":"keeping","start":6043.318,"end":6043.671},{"text":"with","start":6043.72,"end":6043.864},{"text":"the","start":6043.864,"end":6043.96},{"text":"Convention","start":6043.96,"end":6044.57},{"text":"on","start":6044.666,"end":6044.715},{"text":"Registration","start":6044.827,"end":6045.34},{"text":"of","start":6045.34,"end":6045.421},{"text":"Objects","start":6045.485,"end":6045.87},{"text":"Launched","start":6045.87,"end":6046.191},{"text":"into","start":6046.191,"end":6046.319},{"text":"Outer","start":6046.368,"end":6046.544},{"text":"Space,","start":6046.544,"end":6046.817},{"text":"which","start":6047.892,"end":6048.021},{"text":"was","start":6048.293,"end":6048.422},{"text":"ratified","start":6048.454,"end":6048.919},{"text":"by","start":6048.919,"end":6049.016},{"text":"Colombia.","start":6049.016,"end":6049.481}]},{"text":"These launches must be aligned with the precepts of the Ministry of National Defense and the Colombian Air Force in order to thus ensure the monitoring, supervision, and regulation of such objects, ensuring that they do not pose a risk to national security, defense, air or space operations, or national sovereignty.","start":6050.059,"end":6068.363,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-security","label":"Peaceful Use and Security","description":"Several statements focused on preserving outer space for peaceful purposes and preventing an arms race or other destabilizing military developments. Speakers referred to keeping space free of nuclear weapons, concerns about militarization, and the importance of governance that supports peace and international security."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":6050.059,"end":6050.268},{"text":"launches","start":6050.364,"end":6050.91},{"text":"must","start":6051.568,"end":6051.889},{"text":"be","start":6051.889,"end":6051.969},{"text":"aligned","start":6052.05,"end":6052.612},{"text":"with","start":6052.692,"end":6052.965},{"text":"the","start":6053.029,"end":6053.591},{"text":"precepts","start":6053.591,"end":6054.137},{"text":"of","start":6054.137,"end":6054.217},{"text":"the","start":6054.217,"end":6054.314},{"text":"Ministry","start":6054.314,"end":6054.731},{"text":"of","start":6054.731,"end":6054.811},{"text":"National","start":6054.811,"end":6055.197},{"text":"Defense","start":6055.197,"end":6055.598},{"text":"and","start":6055.598,"end":6055.694},{"text":"the","start":6055.694,"end":6055.775},{"text":"Colombian","start":6055.775,"end":6056.208},{"text":"Air","start":6056.24,"end":6056.385},{"text":"Force","start":6056.385,"end":6056.738},{"text":"in","start":6056.738,"end":6056.85},{"text":"order","start":6057.027,"end":6057.477},{"text":"to","start":6057.669,"end":6057.83},{"text":"thus","start":6057.83,"end":6057.974},{"text":"ensure","start":6058.167,"end":6058.52},{"text":"the","start":6058.793,"end":6058.986},{"text":"monitoring,","start":6059.066,"end":6059.564},{"text":"supervision,","start":6059.612,"end":6060.19},{"text":"and","start":6060.319,"end":6060.415},{"text":"regulation","start":6060.415,"end":6061.025},{"text":"of","start":6061.202,"end":6061.266},{"text":"such","start":6061.282,"end":6061.475},{"text":"objects,","start":6061.619,"end":6062.117},{"text":"ensuring","start":6062.181,"end":6062.502},{"text":"that","start":6062.502,"end":6062.663},{"text":"they","start":6062.663,"end":6062.824},{"text":"do","start":6062.824,"end":6062.92},{"text":"not","start":6062.92,"end":6063.08},{"text":"pose","start":6063.145,"end":6063.353},{"text":"a","start":6063.385,"end":6063.45},{"text":"risk","start":6063.45,"end":6063.707},{"text":"to","start":6064.044,"end":6064.204},{"text":"national","start":6064.204,"end":6064.622},{"text":"security,","start":6064.654,"end":6065.152},{"text":"defense,","start":6065.216,"end":6065.585},{"text":"air","start":6066.115,"end":6066.228},{"text":"or","start":6066.276,"end":6066.372},{"text":"space","start":6066.372,"end":6066.741},{"text":"operations,","start":6066.741,"end":6067.287},{"text":"or","start":6067.4,"end":6067.448},{"text":"national","start":6067.48,"end":6067.865},{"text":"sovereignty.","start":6067.865,"end":6068.363}]},{"text":"Chair, on this item, Colombia equally wishes to express its concern regarding the threat posed by military activity in space.","start":6069.07,"end":6076.311,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-security","label":"Peaceful Use and Security","description":"Several statements focused on preserving outer space for peaceful purposes and preventing an arms race or other destabilizing military developments. Speakers referred to keeping space free of nuclear weapons, concerns about militarization, and the importance of governance that supports peace and international security."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":6069.07,"end":6069.198},{"text":"on","start":6069.326,"end":6069.375},{"text":"this","start":6069.423,"end":6069.712},{"text":"item,","start":6069.712,"end":6069.937},{"text":"Colombia","start":6069.969,"end":6070.37},{"text":"equally","start":6070.37,"end":6070.659},{"text":"wishes","start":6070.691,"end":6070.98},{"text":"to","start":6071.077,"end":6071.221},{"text":"express","start":6071.253,"end":6071.542},{"text":"its","start":6071.671,"end":6071.815},{"text":"concern","start":6071.815,"end":6072.329},{"text":"regarding","start":6072.377,"end":6072.827},{"text":"the","start":6072.923,"end":6073.036},{"text":"threat","start":6073.036,"end":6073.469},{"text":"posed","start":6073.822,"end":6074.304},{"text":"by","start":6074.545,"end":6074.721},{"text":"military","start":6074.721,"end":6075.316},{"text":"activity","start":6075.428,"end":6075.958},{"text":"in","start":6076.15,"end":6076.183},{"text":"space.","start":6076.183,"end":6076.311}]},{"text":"Space and restate its request to those countries with advanced space programs and weapons of mass destruction to refrain from an arms race in outer space.","start":6076.44,"end":6086.692,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-security","label":"Peaceful Use and Security","description":"Several statements focused on preserving outer space for peaceful purposes and preventing an arms race or other destabilizing military developments. Speakers referred to keeping space free of nuclear weapons, concerns about militarization, and the importance of governance that supports peace and international security."}],"words":[{"text":"Space","start":6076.44,"end":6076.746},{"text":"and","start":6077.182,"end":6077.262},{"text":"restate","start":6077.359,"end":6077.988},{"text":"its","start":6078.069,"end":6078.198},{"text":"request","start":6078.311,"end":6078.86},{"text":"to","start":6078.956,"end":6079.134},{"text":"those","start":6079.134,"end":6079.424},{"text":"countries","start":6079.44,"end":6079.876},{"text":"with","start":6079.94,"end":6080.118},{"text":"advanced","start":6080.118,"end":6080.505},{"text":"space","start":6080.505,"end":6080.892},{"text":"programs","start":6080.892,"end":6081.36},{"text":"and","start":6081.538,"end":6081.651},{"text":"weapons","start":6081.715,"end":6082.006},{"text":"of","start":6082.054,"end":6082.167},{"text":"mass","start":6082.199,"end":6082.441},{"text":"destruction","start":6082.441,"end":6083.054},{"text":"to","start":6083.49,"end":6083.603},{"text":"refrain","start":6083.716,"end":6084.264},{"text":"from","start":6084.377,"end":6084.684},{"text":"an","start":6084.797,"end":6084.877},{"text":"arms","start":6085.41,"end":6085.684},{"text":"race","start":6085.732,"end":6086.007},{"text":"in","start":6086.007,"end":6086.087},{"text":"outer","start":6086.12,"end":6086.254},{"text":"space.","start":6086.254,"end":6086.692}]},{"text":"The militarization of space not only represents a direct threat to global security, but equally jeopardizes the scientific and technological progress that all of humankind stand to benefit from.","start":6089.24,"end":6099.804,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-security","label":"Peaceful Use and Security","description":"Several statements focused on preserving outer space for peaceful purposes and preventing an arms race or other destabilizing military developments. Speakers referred to keeping space free of nuclear weapons, concerns about militarization, and the importance of governance that supports peace and international security."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6089.24,"end":6089.288},{"text":"militarization","start":6089.288,"end":6090.157},{"text":"of","start":6090.157,"end":6090.222},{"text":"space","start":6090.222,"end":6090.592},{"text":"not","start":6090.721,"end":6090.946},{"text":"only","start":6090.946,"end":6091.172},{"text":"represents","start":6091.188,"end":6091.703},{"text":"a","start":6091.703,"end":6091.768},{"text":"direct","start":6091.768,"end":6092.203},{"text":"threat","start":6092.251,"end":6092.525},{"text":"to","start":6092.637,"end":6092.798},{"text":"global","start":6092.895,"end":6093.281},{"text":"security,","start":6093.281,"end":6093.797},{"text":"but","start":6093.861,"end":6094.038},{"text":"equally","start":6094.103,"end":6094.473},{"text":"jeopardizes","start":6094.505,"end":6095.278},{"text":"the","start":6095.649,"end":6095.729},{"text":"scientific","start":6095.729,"end":6096.293},{"text":"and","start":6096.293,"end":6096.438},{"text":"technological","start":6096.438,"end":6097.05},{"text":"progress","start":6097.146,"end":6097.646},{"text":"that","start":6097.646,"end":6097.807},{"text":"all","start":6097.871,"end":6098.032},{"text":"of","start":6098.032,"end":6098.08},{"text":"humankind","start":6098.129,"end":6098.676},{"text":"stand","start":6098.759,"end":6099.037},{"text":"to","start":6099.102,"end":6099.184},{"text":"benefit","start":6099.184,"end":6099.559},{"text":"from.","start":6099.576,"end":6099.804}]},{"text":"Equally, we recall that matters pertaining to international peace and security fall under the United Nations General Assembly First Committee.","start":6100.817,"end":6107.805,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-security","label":"Peaceful Use and Security","description":"Several statements focused on preserving outer space for peaceful purposes and preventing an arms race or other destabilizing military developments. Speakers referred to keeping space free of nuclear weapons, concerns about militarization, and the importance of governance that supports peace and international security."}],"words":[{"text":"Equally,","start":6100.817,"end":6101.193},{"text":"we","start":6101.291,"end":6101.34},{"text":"recall","start":6101.454,"end":6101.748},{"text":"that","start":6102.042,"end":6102.222},{"text":"matters","start":6102.222,"end":6102.499},{"text":"pertaining","start":6102.912,"end":6103.313},{"text":"to","start":6103.313,"end":6103.409},{"text":"international","start":6103.409,"end":6103.939},{"text":"peace","start":6103.939,"end":6104.196},{"text":"and","start":6104.196,"end":6104.26},{"text":"security","start":6104.26,"end":6104.966},{"text":"fall","start":6105.062,"end":6105.303},{"text":"under","start":6105.303,"end":6105.559},{"text":"the","start":6105.623,"end":6105.784},{"text":"United","start":6105.784,"end":6106.121},{"text":"Nations","start":6106.121,"end":6106.442},{"text":"General","start":6106.442,"end":6106.73},{"text":"Assembly","start":6106.73,"end":6107.083},{"text":"First","start":6107.083,"end":6107.42},{"text":"Committee.","start":6107.468,"end":6107.805}]},{"text":"Chair, to conclude, my delegation wishes to restate its readiness to continue cooperation here in COPUOS in order to further strengthen the international legal regime on outer space, to guarantee that the exploration and use thereof is carried out in a peaceful, sustainable, and equitable manner for the benefit of all of humankind without leaving anyone behind.","start":6108.592,"end":6129.807,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-law","label":"International Space Law","description":"Many delegations stressed the central role of the Outer Space Treaty and the other UN space treaties as the legal foundation for activities in outer space. Speakers discussed wider ratification, national implementation, possible legal gaps, and the continued development of norms within a rules-based framework."},{"key":"peaceful-use-security","label":"Peaceful Use and Security","description":"Several statements focused on preserving outer space for peaceful purposes and preventing an arms race or other destabilizing military developments. 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to that end, I would like to ask the following three questions.","start":6303.23,"end":6308.469,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6303.23,"end":6303.294},{"text":"to","start":6303.342,"end":6303.52},{"text":"that","start":6303.52,"end":6303.81},{"text":"end,","start":6303.89,"end":6304.197},{"text":"I","start":6305.664,"end":6305.68},{"text":"would","start":6305.68,"end":6305.841},{"text":"like","start":6305.841,"end":6306.018},{"text":"to","start":6306.067,"end":6306.212},{"text":"ask","start":6306.309,"end":6306.663},{"text":"the","start":6307.05,"end":6307.131},{"text":"following","start":6307.131,"end":6307.582},{"text":"three","start":6307.711,"end":6308.018},{"text":"questions.","start":6308.082,"end":6308.469}]},{"text":"And propose that we come back to this tomorrow morning, Wednesday, 7th of May, to agree on the way forward so that what is agreed will be reflected in the report.","start":6311.539,"end":6325.489,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6311.539,"end":6311.765},{"text":"propose","start":6311.797,"end":6312.248},{"text":"that","start":6314.133,"end":6314.294},{"text":"we","start":6314.294,"end":6314.439},{"text":"come","start":6314.439,"end":6314.6},{"text":"back","start":6314.616,"end":6314.793},{"text":"to","start":6314.841,"end":6315.002},{"text":"this","start":6315.002,"end":6315.26},{"text":"tomorrow","start":6315.421,"end":6315.84},{"text":"morning,","start":6315.84,"end":6316.259},{"text":"Wednesday,","start":6316.871,"end":6317.274},{"text":"7th","start":6317.29,"end":6317.741},{"text":"of","start":6317.741,"end":6317.854},{"text":"May,","start":6317.854,"end":6318.095},{"text":"to","start":6320.056,"end":6320.233},{"text":"agree","start":6320.233,"end":6320.636},{"text":"on","start":6320.701,"end":6320.749},{"text":"the","start":6320.781,"end":6320.91},{"text":"way","start":6320.926,"end":6321.039},{"text":"forward","start":6321.039,"end":6321.652},{"text":"so","start":6322.458,"end":6322.619},{"text":"that","start":6322.619,"end":6322.732},{"text":"what","start":6322.78,"end":6322.974},{"text":"is","start":6322.974,"end":6323.119},{"text":"agreed","start":6323.119,"end":6323.57},{"text":"will","start":6324.183,"end":6324.328},{"text":"be","start":6324.328,"end":6324.408},{"text":"reflected","start":6324.473,"end":6324.957},{"text":"in","start":6324.957,"end":6325.021},{"text":"the","start":6325.037,"end":6325.118},{"text":"report.","start":6325.118,"end":6325.489}]},{"text":"So these are the 3 questions now, and then tomorrow morning we will answer those 3 questions.","start":6327.55,"end":6334.046,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":6327.55,"end":6327.907},{"text":"these","start":6327.972,"end":6328.085},{"text":"are","start":6328.15,"end":6328.215},{"text":"the","start":6328.215,"end":6328.313},{"text":"3","start":6328.313,"end":6328.54},{"text":"questions","start":6328.54,"end":6329.092},{"text":"now,","start":6329.125,"end":6329.239},{"text":"and","start":6330.733,"end":6330.879},{"text":"then","start":6330.911,"end":6331.122},{"text":"tomorrow","start":6331.236,"end":6331.496},{"text":"morning","start":6331.496,"end":6331.772},{"text":"we","start":6331.967,"end":6332.129},{"text":"will","start":6332.129,"end":6332.259},{"text":"answer","start":6333.088,"end":6333.429},{"text":"those","start":6333.429,"end":6333.64},{"text":"3","start":6333.672,"end":6333.9},{"text":"questions.","start":6333.9,"end":6334.046}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":6334.111,"end":6334.224,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6334.111,"end":6334.176},{"text":"you.","start":6334.176,"end":6334.224}]},{"text":"So that we can agree on the way forward and that what is agreed is reflected in the report.","start":6337.867,"end":6341.857,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":6337.867,"end":6337.997},{"text":"that","start":6338.03,"end":6338.159},{"text":"we","start":6338.192,"end":6338.354},{"text":"can","start":6338.354,"end":6338.484},{"text":"agree","start":6338.516,"end":6338.824},{"text":"on","start":6338.824,"end":6338.873},{"text":"the","start":6338.905,"end":6338.986},{"text":"way","start":6338.986,"end":6339.084},{"text":"forward","start":6339.084,"end":6339.7},{"text":"and","start":6340.04,"end":6340.122},{"text":"that","start":6340.122,"end":6340.235},{"text":"what","start":6340.235,"end":6340.397},{"text":"is","start":6340.397,"end":6340.543},{"text":"agreed","start":6340.543,"end":6340.803},{"text":"is","start":6340.803,"end":6340.868},{"text":"reflected","start":6340.932,"end":6341.354},{"text":"in","start":6341.354,"end":6341.435},{"text":"the","start":6341.435,"end":6341.516},{"text":"report.","start":6341.516,"end":6341.857}]},{"text":"The first question is on educational opportunities.","start":6342.068,"end":6344.776,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6342.068,"end":6342.165},{"text":"first","start":6342.165,"end":6342.522},{"text":"question","start":6342.57,"end":6343.106},{"text":"is","start":6343.284,"end":6343.349},{"text":"on","start":6343.381,"end":6343.511},{"text":"educational","start":6343.527,"end":6344.127},{"text":"opportunities.","start":6344.192,"end":6344.776}]},{"text":"Given the importance of updating the Directory of Educational Opportunities and Space Law, I would like to know whether the subcommittee agrees that the office should conduct continue to update the directory and that member states are encouraged and invited to report to the subcommittee at its next session on their contributions at the national level for the future updating of this directory.","start":6347.521,"end":6387.584,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Given","start":6347.521,"end":6347.827},{"text":"the","start":6347.859,"end":6348.036},{"text":"importance","start":6348.085,"end":6348.584},{"text":"of","start":6348.584,"end":6348.729},{"text":"updating","start":6348.745,"end":6349.357},{"text":"the","start":6349.389,"end":6349.47},{"text":"Directory","start":6349.47,"end":6350.082},{"text":"of","start":6350.339,"end":6350.581},{"text":"Educational","start":6350.581,"end":6351.354},{"text":"Opportunities","start":6351.564,"end":6352.176},{"text":"and","start":6352.288,"end":6352.353},{"text":"Space","start":6352.433,"end":6352.884},{"text":"Law,","start":6352.916,"end":6353.013},{"text":"I","start":6355.091,"end":6355.107},{"text":"would","start":6355.107,"end":6355.268},{"text":"like","start":6355.268,"end":6355.493},{"text":"to","start":6355.493,"end":6355.59},{"text":"know","start":6355.59,"end":6355.8},{"text":"whether","start":6355.8,"end":6356.061},{"text":"the","start":6356.077,"end":6356.176},{"text":"subcommittee","start":6356.176,"end":6356.96},{"text":"agrees","start":6356.96,"end":6357.353},{"text":"that","start":6359.266,"end":6359.462},{"text":"the","start":6359.577,"end":6359.707},{"text":"office","start":6359.822,"end":6360.231},{"text":"should","start":6360.231,"end":6360.296},{"text":"conduct","start":6360.296,"end":6362.34},{"text":"continue","start":6360.48,"end":6360.882},{"text":"to","start":6361.783,"end":6361.976},{"text":"update","start":6361.976,"end":6362.314},{"text":"the","start":6362.363,"end":6362.443},{"text":"directory","start":6362.443,"end":6362.974},{"text":"and","start":6364.761,"end":6364.938},{"text":"that","start":6364.938,"end":6365.276},{"text":"member","start":6365.325,"end":6365.598},{"text":"states","start":6365.598,"end":6366.049},{"text":"are","start":6366.049,"end":6366.097},{"text":"encouraged","start":6366.145,"end":6366.854},{"text":"and","start":6368.831,"end":6369.314},{"text":"invited","start":6369.33,"end":6370.023},{"text":"to","start":6370.152,"end":6370.264},{"text":"report","start":6370.361,"end":6370.957},{"text":"to","start":6375.514,"end":6375.626},{"text":"the","start":6375.626,"end":6375.803},{"text":"subcommittee","start":6375.82,"end":6376.417},{"text":"at","start":6378.338,"end":6378.435},{"text":"its","start":6378.435,"end":6378.612},{"text":"next","start":6378.612,"end":6378.838},{"text":"session","start":6378.838,"end":6379.21},{"text":"on","start":6379.242,"end":6379.323},{"text":"their","start":6379.323,"end":6379.549},{"text":"contributions","start":6379.549,"end":6380.227},{"text":"at","start":6380.356,"end":6380.453},{"text":"the","start":6380.453,"end":6380.534},{"text":"national","start":6380.534,"end":6381.082},{"text":"level","start":6381.082,"end":6381.454},{"text":"for","start":6383.52,"end":6383.682},{"text":"the","start":6383.682,"end":6383.779},{"text":"future","start":6383.779,"end":6384.231},{"text":"updating","start":6384.311,"end":6384.78},{"text":"of","start":6386.043,"end":6386.258},{"text":"this","start":6386.623,"end":6386.904},{"text":"directory.","start":6386.954,"end":6387.584}]},{"text":"So that was the first question.","start":6391.23,"end":6392.855,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":6391.23,"end":6391.343},{"text":"that","start":6391.343,"end":6391.603},{"text":"was","start":6391.668,"end":6391.798},{"text":"the","start":6391.912,"end":6392.075},{"text":"first","start":6392.075,"end":6392.481},{"text":"question.","start":6392.497,"end":6392.855}]},{"text":"And the first question once again concerns educational opportunities and the need to continue updating this directory, whether the Office should continue these efforts of updating the directory And whether member states should continue encouraging the office to do so and continue reporting to the subcommittee on this at each session on contributions made at the national level for this ongoing updating of the 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second question.","start":6437.94,"end":6438.799,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6437.94,"end":6438.021},{"text":"second","start":6438.021,"end":6438.41},{"text":"question.","start":6438.426,"end":6438.799}]},{"text":"Is on the information on capacity building.","start":6439.566,"end":6441.826,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Is","start":6439.566,"end":6439.631},{"text":"on","start":6439.729,"end":6439.794},{"text":"the","start":6439.826,"end":6439.94},{"text":"information","start":6439.989,"end":6440.591},{"text":"on","start":6440.704,"end":6440.769},{"text":"capacity","start":6440.883,"end":6441.501},{"text":"building.","start":6441.534,"end":6441.826}]},{"text":"Similarly, given the importance emphasized by many delegates on capacity building and space law, I would like to see whether the subcommittee agrees that states member and permanent observers of the committee should continue informing the subcommittee at its next session of any action taken or planned at the national, regional, or international levels to build capacity In space law, and the third question is on the information on national space legislation and regulation adopted 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the importance of information exchange on developments in the area of national space-related regulatory frameworks, I would like to know whether the 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I'm honored and humbled to be taking to be talking with you today about space resources through this presentation, Fostering International Cooperation Through Space Resources: The Moon as a Blueprint.","start":8816.187,"end":8828.327,"topics":[{"key":"space-resources","label":"Space Resources","description":"Several statements focused on the legal and policy framework for space resource activities, especially on the Moon. 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the complexity of the issues, it made sense to start start with 2 countries.","start":9619.477,"end":9622.753,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Given","start":9619.477,"end":9619.734},{"text":"the","start":9619.734,"end":9619.814},{"text":"complexity","start":9619.814,"end":9620.376},{"text":"of","start":9620.376,"end":9620.521},{"text":"the","start":9620.521,"end":9620.617},{"text":"issues,","start":9620.617,"end":9620.906},{"text":"it","start":9621.035,"end":9621.099},{"text":"made","start":9621.099,"end":9621.436},{"text":"sense","start":9621.436,"end":9621.613},{"text":"to","start":9621.613,"end":9621.661},{"text":"start","start":9621.661,"end":9622.062},{"text":"start","start":9621.87,"end":9622.046},{"text":"with","start":9622.046,"end":9622.126},{"text":"2","start":9622.142,"end":9622.303},{"text":"countries.","start":9622.303,"end":9622.753}]},{"text":"However, we hope to be able to expand this out to include more in the 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Delegations discussed how licensing, supervision, and international rules should enable commercial innovation while ensuring compliance with states' legal obligations and maintaining safety and predictability."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9747.172,"end":9747.286},{"text":"involves","start":9747.35,"end":9747.707},{"text":"chunking","start":9747.74,"end":9748.145},{"text":"liability","start":9748.145,"end":9748.843},{"text":"to","start":9748.875,"end":9749.005},{"text":"apportion","start":9749.038,"end":9749.427},{"text":"liability","start":9749.443,"end":9750.011},{"text":"to","start":9750.011,"end":9750.124},{"text":"those","start":9750.09,"end":9750.25},{"text":"who","start":9750.346,"end":9750.427},{"text":"are","start":9750.427,"end":9750.507},{"text":"directly","start":9750.507,"end":9751.005},{"text":"involved","start":9751.005,"end":9751.374},{"text":"with","start":9751.711,"end":9751.984},{"text":"interacting","start":9752.048,"end":9752.578},{"text":"with","start":9752.594,"end":9752.691},{"text":"the","start":9752.691,"end":9752.755},{"text":"satellite.","start":9752.755,"end":9753.317}]},{"text":"If a country's only involvement is with regards to the launch phase of the servicing satellite, we propose that their liability ends when the servicing satellite is placed into the agreed orbit, dealt with in the commercial arrangements that sit under this arrangement.","start":9754.136,"end":9766.58,"topics":[{"key":"commercial-space-actors","label":"Commercial Space Actors","description":"The growing role of private companies and other non-state actors was highlighted across the debate. 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Delegations discussed how licensing, supervision, and international rules should enable commercial innovation while ensuring compliance with states' legal obligations and maintaining safety and predictability."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9777.964,"end":9778.124},{"text":"would","start":9778.124,"end":9778.221},{"text":"be","start":9778.221,"end":9778.365},{"text":"subject","start":9778.365,"end":9778.863},{"text":"again","start":9778.863,"end":9779.072},{"text":"to","start":9779.104,"end":9779.216},{"text":"individual","start":9779.264,"end":9779.714},{"text":"mission","start":9779.73,"end":9779.987},{"text":"agreements,","start":9779.987,"end":9780.404},{"text":"which","start":9780.453,"end":9780.565},{"text":"would","start":9780.565,"end":9780.726},{"text":"also","start":9780.726,"end":9780.966},{"text":"set","start":9780.966,"end":9781.239},{"text":"out","start":9781.271,"end":9781.512},{"text":"those","start":9781.512,"end":9781.721},{"text":"start","start":9781.994,"end":9782.283},{"text":"and","start":9782.315,"end":9782.46},{"text":"end","start":9782.46,"end":9782.556},{"text":"points","start":9782.556,"end":9783.038},{"text":"for","start":9783.84,"end":9783.985},{"text":"each","start":9784.065,"end":9784.21},{"text":"operation","start":9784.724,"end":9785.334},{"text":"to","start":9785.446,"end":9785.542},{"text":"make","start":9785.542,"end":9785.687},{"text":"sure","start":9785.687,"end":9785.944},{"text":"that","start":9785.944,"end":9786.072},{"text":"each","start":9786.153,"end":9786.281},{"text":"respective","start":9786.634,"end":9787.18},{"text":"client","start":9787.212,"end":9788.417},{"text":"was","start":9788.417,"end":9788.545},{"text":"only","start":9788.657,"end":9788.898},{"text":"liable","start":9788.898,"end":9789.428},{"text":"for","start":9789.846,"end":9790.022},{"text":"its—","start":9790.022,"end":9790.376},{"text":"for","start":9790.584,"end":9790.921},{"text":"the","start":9790.986,"end":9791.21},{"text":"duration","start":9791.21,"end":9791.628},{"text":"of","start":9791.628,"end":9791.724},{"text":"its","start":9791.772,"end":9791.869},{"text":"relevant","start":9791.869,"end":9792.254},{"text":"operation.","start":9792.254,"end":9792.8}]},{"text":"We would also seek agreement from the territory and facility of launch of the client objects if that was that country's only involvement.","start":9794.197,"end":9801.085,"topics":[{"key":"commercial-space-actors","label":"Commercial Space Actors","description":"The growing role of private companies and other non-state actors was highlighted across the debate. Delegations discussed how licensing, supervision, and international rules should enable commercial innovation while ensuring compliance with states' legal obligations and maintaining safety and predictability."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9794.197,"end":9794.342},{"text":"would","start":9794.342,"end":9794.422},{"text":"also","start":9794.422,"end":9794.679},{"text":"seek","start":9794.679,"end":9795.144},{"text":"agreement","start":9795.225,"end":9795.706},{"text":"from","start":9795.706,"end":9795.883},{"text":"the","start":9796.365,"end":9796.445},{"text":"territory","start":9796.445,"end":9796.975},{"text":"and","start":9797.248,"end":9797.36},{"text":"facility","start":9797.392,"end":9797.938},{"text":"of","start":9797.954,"end":9798.051},{"text":"launch","start":9798.051,"end":9798.307},{"text":"of","start":9798.307,"end":9798.372},{"text":"the","start":9798.372,"end":9798.516},{"text":"client","start":9798.516,"end":9798.741},{"text":"objects","start":9798.773,"end":9799.399},{"text":"if","start":9799.431,"end":9799.56},{"text":"that","start":9799.56,"end":9799.688},{"text":"was","start":9799.737,"end":9799.865},{"text":"that","start":9799.897,"end":9800.058},{"text":"country's","start":9800.058,"end":9800.523},{"text":"only","start":9800.523,"end":9800.764},{"text":"involvement.","start":9800.764,"end":9801.085}]},{"text":"and assume that their liability has also ended.","start":9801.487,"end":9803.606,"topics":[{"key":"commercial-space-actors","label":"Commercial Space Actors","description":"The growing role of private companies and other non-state actors was highlighted across the debate. Delegations discussed how licensing, supervision, and international rules should enable commercial innovation while ensuring compliance with states' legal obligations and maintaining safety and predictability."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":9801.487,"end":9801.567},{"text":"assume","start":9801.583,"end":9801.904},{"text":"that","start":9801.904,"end":9802.065},{"text":"their","start":9802.129,"end":9802.306},{"text":"liability","start":9802.306,"end":9802.868},{"text":"has","start":9802.868,"end":9803.028},{"text":"also","start":9803.028,"end":9803.269},{"text":"ended.","start":9803.349,"end":9803.606}]},{"text":"We would manage these arrangements of liability in accordance with the Liability Convention, so using cross-waivers to constrain liability to each separate activity.","start":9804.714,"end":9813.754,"topics":[{"key":"commercial-space-actors","label":"Commercial Space Actors","description":"The growing role of private companies and other non-state actors was highlighted across the debate. Delegations discussed how licensing, supervision, and international rules should enable commercial innovation while ensuring compliance with states' legal obligations and maintaining safety and predictability."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9804.714,"end":9804.859},{"text":"would","start":9804.859,"end":9805.035},{"text":"manage","start":9805.035,"end":9805.292},{"text":"these","start":9805.356,"end":9805.485},{"text":"arrangements","start":9805.581,"end":9806.015},{"text":"of","start":9806.015,"end":9806.159},{"text":"liability","start":9806.159,"end":9806.769},{"text":"in","start":9807.026,"end":9807.123},{"text":"accordance","start":9807.123,"end":9807.588},{"text":"with","start":9807.588,"end":9807.685},{"text":"the","start":9807.685,"end":9807.765},{"text":"Liability","start":9807.765,"end":9808.295},{"text":"Convention,","start":9808.327,"end":9809.098},{"text":"so","start":9809.387,"end":9809.483},{"text":"using","start":9809.515,"end":9809.74},{"text":"cross-waivers","start":9809.772,"end":9810.462},{"text":"to","start":9810.816,"end":9810.96},{"text":"constrain","start":9810.96,"end":9811.586},{"text":"liability","start":9811.763,"end":9812.341},{"text":"to","start":9812.341,"end":9812.566},{"text":"each","start":9812.566,"end":9812.63},{"text":"separate","start":9812.726,"end":9813.144},{"text":"activity.","start":9813.144,"end":9813.754}]},{"text":"We didn't think it would enable activity if the servicing satellite took on all the liability for the duration of its mission due to the potential risk posed by clients, but ultimately that's a commercial decision that, that we're not going to kind of dictate on.","start":9815.055,"end":9830.068,"topics":[{"key":"commercial-space-actors","label":"Commercial Space Actors","description":"The growing role of private companies and other non-state actors was highlighted across the debate. 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Delegations discussed how licensing, supervision, and international rules should enable commercial innovation while ensuring compliance with states' legal obligations and maintaining safety and predictability."}],"words":[{"text":"We're","start":9830.164,"end":9830.406},{"text":"happy","start":9830.487,"end":9830.745},{"text":"to","start":9830.745,"end":9830.842},{"text":"let","start":9830.89,"end":9830.971},{"text":"our","start":9830.971,"end":9831.148},{"text":"commercial","start":9831.148,"end":9831.632},{"text":"operators","start":9831.632,"end":9832.165},{"text":"make","start":9832.262,"end":9832.423},{"text":"their","start":9832.423,"end":9832.536},{"text":"own","start":9832.584,"end":9832.633},{"text":"decisions","start":9832.665,"end":9833.133},{"text":"there.","start":9833.149,"end":9833.326}]},{"text":"Um, our final key outcome is transparency.","start":9835.24,"end":9836.946,"topics":[{"key":"registration-transparency","label":"Registration and Transparency","description":"A common theme was the registration of space objects and broader information-sharing under Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty. States discussed national registries, UN notifications, and transparency tools to improve accountability, confidence, and coordination in space activities."}],"words":[{"text":"Um,","start":9835.24,"end":9835.272},{"text":"our","start":9835.288,"end":9835.337},{"text":"final","start":9835.337,"end":9835.581},{"text":"key","start":9835.581,"end":9835.678},{"text":"outcome","start":9835.76,"end":9836.052},{"text":"is","start":9836.085,"end":9836.215},{"text":"transparency.","start":9836.231,"end":9836.946}]},{"text":"Um, so transparency is key to building confidence in these type of operations.","start":9837.613,"end":9840.928,"topics":[{"key":"registration-transparency","label":"Registration and Transparency","description":"A common theme was the registration of space objects and broader information-sharing under Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty. 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Delegations discussed how licensing, supervision, and international rules should enable commercial innovation while ensuring compliance with states' legal obligations and maintaining safety and predictability."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10047.253,"end":10047.334},{"text":"support","start":10047.334,"end":10047.815},{"text":"the","start":10047.815,"end":10047.96},{"text":"working","start":10047.96,"end":10048.265},{"text":"group","start":10048.297,"end":10048.618},{"text":"on","start":10048.618,"end":10048.698},{"text":"the","start":10048.698,"end":10048.859},{"text":"legal","start":10048.859,"end":10049.18},{"text":"aspects","start":10049.18,"end":10049.549},{"text":"of","start":10049.646,"end":10049.79},{"text":"space","start":10049.806,"end":10050.127},{"text":"resource","start":10050.127,"end":10050.416},{"text":"activity","start":10050.529,"end":10050.994},{"text":"and","start":10051.974,"end":10052.054},{"text":"the","start":10052.07,"end":10052.167},{"text":"newly","start":10052.167,"end":10052.536},{"text":"formed","start":10052.536,"end":10053.018},{"text":"action","start":10053.018,"end":10053.323},{"text":"team","start":10053.419,"end":10053.676},{"text":"on","start":10053.676,"end":10053.724},{"text":"lunar","start":10053.836,"end":10054.125},{"text":"activity","start":10054.142,"end":10054.575},{"text":"consultation","start":10054.575,"end":10055.442},{"text":"and","start":10055.442,"end":10055.587},{"text":"applaud","start":10055.587,"end":10056.1},{"text":"their","start":10056.566,"end":10056.887},{"text":"willingness","start":10056.887,"end":10057.529},{"text":"to","start":10057.529,"end":10057.658},{"text":"facilitate","start":10057.69,"end":10058.493},{"text":"private","start":10058.493,"end":10058.975},{"text":"activity","start":10058.975,"end":10059.456},{"text":"in","start":10059.456,"end":10059.537},{"text":"outer","start":10059.537,"end":10059.793},{"text":"space","start":10059.793,"end":10060.211},{"text":"and","start":10060.323,"end":10060.42},{"text":"to","start":10060.42,"end":10060.58},{"text":"engage","start":10060.66,"end":10061.11},{"text":"with","start":10061.062,"end":10061.19},{"text":"the","start":10061.222,"end":10061.302},{"text":"private","start":10061.302,"end":10061.784},{"text":"sector","start":10061.784,"end":10062.281},{"text":"in","start":10062.329,"end":10062.393},{"text":"their","start":10062.426,"end":10062.666},{"text":"work.","start":10062.666,"end":10062.971}]},{"text":"Since becoming an official observer, SRI has submitted written comments to the legal subcommittee.","start":10063.773,"end":10069.726,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":10063.773,"end":10064.03},{"text":"becoming","start":10064.03,"end":10064.463},{"text":"an","start":10064.511,"end":10064.559},{"text":"official","start":10064.656,"end":10065.073},{"text":"observer,","start":10065.073,"end":10065.618},{"text":"SRI","start":10065.731,"end":10066.035},{"text":"has","start":10066.276,"end":10066.404},{"text":"submitted","start":10066.437,"end":10067.191},{"text":"written","start":10067.223,"end":10067.56},{"text":"comments","start":10067.56,"end":10067.961},{"text":"to","start":10067.961,"end":10068.073},{"text":"the","start":10068.121,"end":10068.362},{"text":"legal","start":10068.747,"end":10069.068},{"text":"subcommittee.","start":10069.068,"end":10069.726}]},{"text":"We acknowledge that the Outer Space Treaty of 1967 is the international agreement with the broadest support.","start":10070.191,"end":10077.763,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-law","label":"International Space Law","description":"Many delegations stressed the central role of the Outer Space Treaty and the other UN space treaties as the legal foundation for activities in outer space. 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Speakers discussed wider ratification, national implementation, possible legal gaps, and the continued development of norms within a rules-based framework."}],"words":[{"text":"Yes,","start":10232.43,"end":10232.543},{"text":"the","start":10232.624,"end":10232.705},{"text":"fourth","start":10232.705,"end":10232.964},{"text":"clarification","start":10232.964,"end":10233.807},{"text":"concerns","start":10233.839,"end":10234.293},{"text":"the","start":10234.39,"end":10234.488},{"text":"concept","start":10234.488,"end":10235.039},{"text":"of","start":10235.039,"end":10235.201},{"text":"due","start":10235.201,"end":10235.395},{"text":"regard","start":10235.395,"end":10236.043},{"text":"for","start":10236.189,"end":10236.449},{"text":"the","start":10236.513,"end":10236.757},{"text":"interests","start":10236.757,"end":10237.243},{"text":"of","start":10237.243,"end":10237.372},{"text":"others","start":10237.551,"end":10237.826},{"text":"as","start":10238.361,"end":10238.426},{"text":"required","start":10238.523,"end":10238.977},{"text":"by","start":10239.09,"end":10239.252},{"text":"Article","start":10239.414,"end":10240.046},{"text":"9","start":10240.079,"end":10240.29},{"text":"of","start":10240.412,"end":10240.556},{"text":"the","start":10240.556,"end":10240.636},{"text":"Outer","start":10240.716,"end":10240.925},{"text":"Space","start":10240.973,"end":10241.374},{"text":"Treaty.","start":10241.374,"end":10241.743}]},{"text":"SRI believes that Article 9 focus on consultation requires registration of all planned activities on the Moon and other celestial bodies.","start":10242.737,"end":10252.006,"topics":[{"key":"registration-transparency","label":"Registration and Transparency","description":"A common theme was the registration of space objects and broader information-sharing under Article 11 of the Outer Space Treaty. States discussed national registries, UN notifications, and transparency tools to improve accountability, confidence, and coordination in space activities."},{"key":"international-space-law","label":"International Space Law","description":"Many delegations stressed the central role of the Outer Space Treaty and the other UN space treaties as the legal foundation for activities in outer space. Speakers discussed wider ratification, national implementation, possible legal gaps, and the continued development of norms within a rules-based framework."}],"words":[{"text":"SRI","start":10242.737,"end":10243.138},{"text":"believes","start":10243.138,"end":10243.507},{"text":"that","start":10243.603,"end":10243.875},{"text":"Article","start":10244.004,"end":10244.517},{"text":"9","start":10244.838,"end":10245.271},{"text":"focus","start":10245.527,"end":10245.896},{"text":"on","start":10246.024,"end":10246.153},{"text":"consultation","start":10246.185,"end":10246.922},{"text":"requires","start":10246.922,"end":10247.355},{"text":"registration","start":10247.468,"end":10248.27},{"text":"of","start":10248.27,"end":10248.494},{"text":"all","start":10248.494,"end":10248.654},{"text":"planned","start":10248.67,"end":10248.927},{"text":"activities","start":10248.927,"end":10249.649},{"text":"on","start":10249.697,"end":10249.761},{"text":"the","start":10249.793,"end":10249.889},{"text":"Moon","start":10249.889,"end":10250.082},{"text":"and","start":10250.595,"end":10250.659},{"text":"other","start":10250.819,"end":10251.012},{"text":"celestial","start":10251.012,"end":10251.589},{"text":"bodies.","start":10251.637,"end":10252.006}]},{"text":"Similarly, we believe that Article 9's mandate to avoid harmful contamination requires all countries to conduct an environmental impact assessment for all planned activities.","start":10253.065,"end":10262.751,"topics":[{"key":"international-space-law","label":"International Space Law","description":"Many delegations stressed the central role of the Outer Space Treaty and the other UN space treaties as the legal foundation for activities in outer space. 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Delegations discussed how licensing, supervision, and international rules should enable commercial innovation while ensuring compliance with states' legal obligations and maintaining safety and predictability."}],"words":[{"text":"Space","start":10281.241,"end":10281.53},{"text":"Renaissance","start":10281.53,"end":10281.851},{"text":"International","start":10281.851,"end":10282.508},{"text":"is","start":10282.508,"end":10282.637},{"text":"based","start":10282.749,"end":10283.054},{"text":"on","start":10283.15,"end":10283.262},{"text":"a","start":10283.294,"end":10283.31},{"text":"fundamental","start":10283.326,"end":10284.032},{"text":"belief","start":10284.032,"end":10284.417},{"text":"that","start":10284.433,"end":10284.529},{"text":"supporting","start":10284.529,"end":10285.106},{"text":"private","start":10285.154,"end":10286.036},{"text":"activity","start":10286.036,"end":10286.437},{"text":"in","start":10286.437,"end":10286.534},{"text":"outer","start":10286.582,"end":10286.822},{"text":"space","start":10286.822,"end":10287.143},{"text":"will","start":10287.159,"end":10287.287},{"text":"benefit","start":10287.319,"end":10287.784},{"text":"the","start":10287.8,"end":10287.993},{"text":"Earth","start":10288.025,"end":10288.266},{"text":"and","start":10288.266,"end":10288.378},{"text":"its","start":10288.378,"end":10288.634},{"text":"people.","start":10288.666,"end":10289.019}]},{"text":"Clarifying these 4 ambiguities will give all interested stakeholders, including companies, investors, and future settlers, certainly they need to be part of a sustainable human presence in outer space.","start":10289.709,"end":10303.139,"topics":[{"key":"commercial-space-actors","label":"Commercial Space Actors","description":"The growing role of private companies and other non-state actors was highlighted across the debate. Delegations discussed how licensing, supervision, and international rules should enable commercial innovation while ensuring compliance with states' legal obligations and maintaining safety and predictability."},{"key":"space-resources","label":"Space Resources","description":"Several statements focused on the legal and policy framework for space resource activities, especially on the Moon. Speakers referred to the working group on space resources, national legislation, Artemis-related cooperation, and the need for principles that support responsible future utilization."}],"words":[{"text":"Clarifying","start":10289.709,"end":10290.174},{"text":"these","start":10290.286,"end":10290.495},{"text":"4","start":10290.591,"end":10290.799},{"text":"ambiguities","start":10290.928,"end":10291.457},{"text":"will","start":10291.553,"end":10291.697},{"text":"give","start":10291.73,"end":10292.018},{"text":"all","start":10292.114,"end":10292.275},{"text":"interested","start":10292.275,"end":10292.692},{"text":"stakeholders,","start":10293.1,"end":10293.584},{"text":"including","start":10293.68,"end":10294.068},{"text":"companies,","start":10294.084,"end":10294.632},{"text":"investors,","start":10294.665,"end":10295.278},{"text":"and","start":10295.472,"end":10295.633},{"text":"future","start":10295.697,"end":10296.214},{"text":"settlers,","start":10296.214,"end":10296.779},{"text":"certainly","start":10297.327,"end":10298.102},{"text":"they","start":10298.441,"end":10298.554},{"text":"need","start":10298.699,"end":10299.231},{"text":"to","start":10299.506,"end":10299.635},{"text":"be","start":10299.732,"end":10299.828},{"text":"part","start":10299.99,"end":10300.329},{"text":"of","start":10300.458,"end":10300.651},{"text":"a","start":10300.651,"end":10300.716},{"text":"sustainable","start":10300.716,"end":10301.458},{"text":"human","start":10301.458,"end":10301.797},{"text":"presence","start":10301.91,"end":10302.41},{"text":"in","start":10302.41,"end":10302.539},{"text":"outer","start":10302.54,"end":10302.694},{"text":"space.","start":10302.745,"end":10303.139}]},{"text":"This last point highlights the unique role of Space Unite International as an official COPOS observer.","start":10306.174,"end":10311.317,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":10306.174,"end":10306.399},{"text":"last","start":10306.415,"end":10306.721},{"text":"point","start":10306.721,"end":10307.026},{"text":"highlights","start":10307.026,"end":10307.573},{"text":"the","start":10307.605,"end":10307.653},{"text":"unique","start":10307.781,"end":10308.087},{"text":"role","start":10308.103,"end":10308.248},{"text":"of","start":10308.328,"end":10308.392},{"text":"Space","start":10308.424,"end":10308.665},{"text":"Unite","start":10308.665,"end":10308.987},{"text":"International","start":10308.987,"end":10309.614},{"text":"as","start":10309.614,"end":10309.758},{"text":"an","start":10309.855,"end":10309.903},{"text":"official","start":10309.951,"end":10310.417},{"text":"COPOS","start":10310.433,"end":10310.755},{"text":"observer.","start":10310.835,"end":10311.317}]},{"text":"We speak for the settlers.","start":10311.382,"end":10312.652,"topics":[{"key":"space-resources","label":"Space Resources","description":"Several statements focused on the legal and policy framework for space resource activities, especially on the Moon. Speakers referred to the working group on space resources, national legislation, Artemis-related cooperation, and the need for principles that support responsible future utilization."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10311.382,"end":10311.414},{"text":"speak","start":10311.414,"end":10311.719},{"text":"for","start":10311.719,"end":10311.912},{"text":"the","start":10311.96,"end":10312.041},{"text":"settlers.","start":10312.041,"end":10312.652}]},{"text":"We speak for those who feel compelled to establish a human presence beyond our home planet.","start":10312.989,"end":10318.219,"topics":[{"key":"space-resources","label":"Space Resources","description":"Several statements focused on the legal and policy framework for space resource activities, especially on the Moon. Speakers referred to the working group on space resources, national legislation, Artemis-related cooperation, and the need for principles that support responsible future 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to consider the interests of outer space settlers and settlements, just as Article 9 considers the interests of all member states.","start":10319.314,"end":10329.087,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":10319.314,"end":10319.411},{"text":"is","start":10319.411,"end":10319.523},{"text":"not","start":10319.555,"end":10319.796},{"text":"too","start":10319.796,"end":10319.924},{"text":"early","start":10319.956,"end":10320.245},{"text":"to","start":10320.277,"end":10320.422},{"text":"begin","start":10320.422,"end":10320.727},{"text":"to","start":10320.759,"end":10320.855},{"text":"consider","start":10320.903,"end":10321.401},{"text":"the","start":10321.401,"end":10321.465},{"text":"interests","start":10321.545,"end":10322.042},{"text":"of","start":10322.042,"end":10322.187},{"text":"outer","start":10322.187,"end":10322.46},{"text":"space","start":10322.524,"end":10322.861},{"text":"settlers","start":10322.861,"end":10323.374},{"text":"and","start":10323.711,"end":10323.856},{"text":"settlements,","start":10323.888,"end":10324.578},{"text":"just","start":10324.995,"end":10325.332},{"text":"as","start":10325.332,"end":10325.38},{"text":"Article","start":10325.637,"end":10326.022},{"text":"9","start":10326.135,"end":10326.504},{"text":"considers","start":10326.6,"end":10327.065},{"text":"the","start":10327.113,"end":10327.178},{"text":"interests","start":10327.322,"end":10327.82},{"text":"of","start":10327.884,"end":10327.948},{"text":"all","start":10328.124,"end":10328.205},{"text":"member","start":10328.205,"end":10328.542},{"text":"states.","start":10328.542,"end":10329.087}]},{"text":"To this end, we ask the Legal Subcommittee to acknowledge the Declaration of the Right to Development adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1986.","start":10329.504,"end":10338.314,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":10329.504,"end":10329.649},{"text":"this","start":10329.649,"end":10329.89},{"text":"end,","start":10329.89,"end":10330.211},{"text":"we","start":10330.227,"end":10330.387},{"text":"ask","start":10330.387,"end":10330.548},{"text":"the","start":10330.612,"end":10330.708},{"text":"Legal","start":10330.708,"end":10330.965},{"text":"Subcommittee","start":10330.965,"end":10331.591},{"text":"to","start":10331.655,"end":10331.815},{"text":"acknowledge","start":10331.815,"end":10332.441},{"text":"the","start":10332.457,"end":10332.505},{"text":"Declaration","start":10332.553,"end":10333.195},{"text":"of","start":10333.195,"end":10333.324},{"text":"the","start":10333.356,"end":10333.5},{"text":"Right","start":10333.516,"end":10333.757},{"text":"to","start":10333.757,"end":10333.885},{"text":"Development","start":10333.918,"end":10334.624},{"text":"adopted","start":10334.704,"end":10335.169},{"text":"by","start":10335.201,"end":10335.314},{"text":"the","start":10335.362,"end":10335.506},{"text":"UN","start":10335.506,"end":10335.891},{"text":"General","start":10335.923,"end":10336.405},{"text":"Assembly","start":10336.405,"end":10336.774},{"text":"in","start":10336.806,"end":10336.886},{"text":"1986.","start":10336.886,"end":10338.314}]},{"text":"Article 1 of the Declaration states that the right to development is an inalienable human right by virtue of which every human person and all peoples are entitled to participate in, contribute to, and enjoy economic, social, cultural, and political development in which all human rights and fundamental freedoms can be fully realized.","start":10338.908,"end":10362.035,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Article","start":10338.908,"end":10339.358},{"text":"1","start":10339.358,"end":10339.582},{"text":"of","start":10339.679,"end":10339.791},{"text":"the","start":10339.791,"end":10339.919},{"text":"Declaration","start":10339.935,"end":10340.657},{"text":"states","start":10340.657,"end":10341.059},{"text":"that","start":10341.139,"end":10341.524},{"text":"the","start":10341.524,"end":10341.684},{"text":"right","start":10341.684,"end":10342.005},{"text":"to","start":10342.005,"end":10342.102},{"text":"development","start":10342.102,"end":10342.84},{"text":"is","start":10343.209,"end":10343.273},{"text":"an","start":10343.385,"end":10343.578},{"text":"inalienable","start":10343.771,"end":10344.685},{"text":"human","start":10344.685,"end":10345.038},{"text":"right","start":10345.086,"end":10345.439},{"text":"by","start":10345.44,"end":10345.584},{"text":"virtue","start":10345.632,"end":10346.065},{"text":"of","start":10346.114,"end":10346.338},{"text":"which","start":10346.338,"end":10346.659},{"text":"every","start":10346.659,"end":10346.884},{"text":"human","start":10346.9,"end":10347.125},{"text":"person","start":10347.237,"end":10347.686},{"text":"and","start":10347.799,"end":10347.927},{"text":"all","start":10347.959,"end":10348.168},{"text":"peoples","start":10348.2,"end":10348.537},{"text":"are","start":10348.601,"end":10348.858},{"text":"entitled","start":10349.869,"end":10350.543},{"text":"to","start":10350.543,"end":10350.64},{"text":"participate","start":10350.672,"end":10351.474},{"text":"in,","start":10351.506,"end":10351.619},{"text":"contribute","start":10351.891,"end":10352.517},{"text":"to,","start":10352.517,"end":10352.726},{"text":"and","start":10353.159,"end":10353.224},{"text":"enjoy","start":10353.32,"end":10353.609},{"text":"economic,","start":10354.219,"end":10354.748},{"text":"social,","start":10354.78,"end":10355.246},{"text":"cultural,","start":10355.262,"end":10355.743},{"text":"and","start":10355.808,"end":10355.904},{"text":"political","start":10355.904,"end":10356.466},{"text":"development","start":10356.466,"end":10357.429},{"text":"in","start":10357.493,"end":10357.557},{"text":"which","start":10357.669,"end":10357.958},{"text":"all","start":10358.456,"end":10358.504},{"text":"human","start":10358.712,"end":10359.001},{"text":"rights","start":10359.033,"end":10359.435},{"text":"and","start":10359.435,"end":10359.579},{"text":"fundamental","start":10359.579,"end":10360.157},{"text":"freedoms","start":10360.157,"end":10360.638},{"text":"can","start":10360.703,"end":10360.815},{"text":"be","start":10360.863,"end":10360.927},{"text":"fully","start":10360.959,"end":10361.425},{"text":"realized.","start":10361.425,"end":10362.035}]},{"text":"We also ask the Legal Subcommittee to acknowledge the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 and its applicability to individuals Working and living in outer 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these rights will benefit both the people of Earth and those who settle elsewhere.","start":10373.723,"end":10378.968,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Acknowledging","start":10373.723,"end":10374.354},{"text":"these","start":10374.387,"end":10374.516},{"text":"rights","start":10374.629,"end":10375.018},{"text":"will","start":10375.018,"end":10375.18},{"text":"benefit","start":10375.18,"end":10375.601},{"text":"both","start":10375.601,"end":10375.892},{"text":"the","start":10375.908,"end":10376.005},{"text":"people","start":10376.005,"end":10376.297},{"text":"of","start":10376.329,"end":10376.459},{"text":"Earth","start":10376.669,"end":10376.782},{"text":"and","start":10377.138,"end":10377.203},{"text":"those","start":10377.3,"end":10377.511},{"text":"who","start":10377.608,"end":10377.786},{"text":"settle","start":10377.786,"end":10378.45},{"text":"elsewhere.","start":10378.66,"end":10378.968}]},{"text":"At the very least, any new agreement or principle should include the statement that nothing in the agreement or principles shall be interpreted as constraining the rights of settlers or settlements under customary international 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is facing a historical crisis when just a slight shift can cause massive changes that can last for decades and even 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closest parallel occurred 5 centuries ago when the Age of Exploration became the Age of 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to control the resources of new worlds, creating a legacy of war, suffering, and neglect that is still being felt today.","start":10416.511,"end":10427.429,"topics":[{"key":"space-resources","label":"Space Resources","description":"Several statements focused on the legal and policy framework for space resource activities, especially on the Moon. 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Speakers referred to keeping space free of nuclear weapons, concerns about militarization, and the importance of governance that supports peace and international security."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":10458.318,"end":10458.446},{"text":"that","start":10458.478,"end":10458.878},{"text":"has","start":10458.878,"end":10459.007},{"text":"now","start":10459.103,"end":10459.199},{"text":"been","start":10459.359,"end":10459.487},{"text":"added","start":10459.584,"end":10460},{"text":"the","start":10460,"end":10460.16},{"text":"threat","start":10460.16,"end":10460.545},{"text":"of","start":10460.545,"end":10460.593},{"text":"conflict","start":10460.705,"end":10461.362},{"text":"in","start":10461.426,"end":10461.571},{"text":"outer","start":10461.603,"end":10461.843},{"text":"space.","start":10461.859,"end":10462.404}]},{"text":"The people of Earth have begun to lose faith in their governments, their private institutions, even humanity itself.","start":10462.484,"end":10469.022,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10462.484,"end":10462.628},{"text":"people","start":10462.628,"end":10462.901},{"text":"of","start":10462.901,"end":10463.093},{"text":"Earth","start":10463.189,"end":10463.446},{"text":"have","start":10463.75,"end":10463.862},{"text":"begun","start":10463.926,"end":10464.215},{"text":"to","start":10464.327,"end":10464.455},{"text":"lose","start":10464.487,"end":10464.695},{"text":"faith","start":10464.792,"end":10465.128},{"text":"in","start":10465.144,"end":10465.256},{"text":"their","start":10465.288,"end":10465.465},{"text":"governments,","start":10465.529,"end":10466.042},{"text":"their","start":10466.33,"end":10466.506},{"text":"private","start":10466.57,"end":10466.987},{"text":"institutions,","start":10466.987,"end":10467.692},{"text":"even","start":10467.836,"end":10468.013},{"text":"humanity","start":10468.013,"end":10468.59},{"text":"itself.","start":10468.59,"end":10469.022}]},{"text":"They are beginning to lose hope.","start":10469.07,"end":10470.593,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":10469.07,"end":10469.279},{"text":"are","start":10469.279,"end":10469.375},{"text":"beginning","start":10469.375,"end":10469.823},{"text":"to","start":10469.855,"end":10469.952},{"text":"lose","start":10469.952,"end":10470.144},{"text":"hope.","start":10470.24,"end":10470.593}]},{"text":"Our duty is nothing less than to restore that hope.","start":10471.041,"end":10473.397,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":10471.041,"end":10471.282},{"text":"duty","start":10471.282,"end":10471.666},{"text":"is","start":10471.762,"end":10471.81},{"text":"nothing","start":10471.923,"end":10472.195},{"text":"less","start":10472.259,"end":10472.468},{"text":"than","start":10472.58,"end":10472.868},{"text":"to","start":10472.884,"end":10473.044},{"text":"restore","start":10473.044,"end":10473.157},{"text":"that","start":10473.157,"end":10473.349},{"text":"hope.","start":10473.349,"end":10473.397}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":10473.461,"end":10473.653,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10473.461,"end":10473.621},{"text":"you.","start":10473.621,"end":10473.653}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"hope, to counter the despair of war and violence and neglect, to give the people of our planet a future that can be lived in, we should do everything within our collective power to promote peace and prosperity in outer space, as it may be the best way to promote peace and prosperity on Earth.","start":10473.75,"end":10492.391,"topics":[{"key":"peaceful-use-security","label":"Peaceful Use and Security","description":"Several statements focused on preserving outer space for peaceful purposes and preventing an arms race or other destabilizing military developments. 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you very much for your time and attention.","start":10492.555,"end":10494.927,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10492.555,"end":10492.802},{"text":"you","start":10492.802,"end":10492.901},{"text":"very","start":10492.901,"end":10493.148},{"text":"much","start":10493.148,"end":10493.28},{"text":"for","start":10493.395,"end":10493.56},{"text":"your","start":10493.56,"end":10493.807},{"text":"time","start":10493.807,"end":10494.12},{"text":"and","start":10494.466,"end":10494.532},{"text":"attention.","start":10494.565,"end":10494.927}]},{"text":"Muchas gracias.","start":10498.229,"end":10498.824,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Muchas","start":10498.229,"end":10498.501},{"text":"gracias.","start":10498.501,"end":10498.824}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Adriano Autino","affiliation":"SRI","affiliation_full":"SRI","group":null,"function":"CEO and founder"}},{"statement_number":39,"start":10499.28,"pageUrl":"/fr/asset/k12/k12yn1jav9?lang=en&t=10500","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much for your valuable presentation.","start":10499.28,"end":10502.684,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10499.28,"end":10499.456},{"text":"you","start":10499.456,"end":10499.488},{"text":"very","start":10499.536,"end":10499.729},{"text":"much","start":10499.729,"end":10499.922},{"text":"for","start":10501.303,"end":10501.399},{"text":"your","start":10501.399,"end":10501.56},{"text":"valuable","start":10501.56,"end":10501.945},{"text":"presentation.","start":10501.945,"end":10502.684}]},{"text":"The 4th presentation on my list is on the 3rd International Moon Day, Results and Outlook for 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delivered by the observer for the Moon Village Association.","start":10512.253,"end":10515.898,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10512.253,"end":10512.35},{"text":"this","start":10512.35,"end":10512.462},{"text":"will","start":10512.462,"end":10512.558},{"text":"be","start":10512.558,"end":10512.703},{"text":"delivered","start":10512.703,"end":10513.056},{"text":"by","start":10513.104,"end":10513.201},{"text":"the","start":10513.201,"end":10513.329},{"text":"observer","start":10513.345,"end":10513.747},{"text":"for","start":10513.747,"end":10513.939},{"text":"the","start":10513.939,"end":10514.052},{"text":"Moon","start":10514.052,"end":10514.357},{"text":"Village","start":10514.405,"end":10514.742},{"text":"Association.","start":10515.208,"end":10515.898}]},{"text":"You have the 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name is Nasser Sahaf, Chair of the International Moon Day Group.","start":10546.662,"end":10550.371,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":10546.662,"end":10546.758},{"text":"name","start":10546.758,"end":10546.983},{"text":"is","start":10546.999,"end":10547.047},{"text":"Nasser","start":10547.16,"end":10547.481},{"text":"Sahaf,","start":10547.481,"end":10548.139},{"text":"Chair","start":10548.685,"end":10548.878},{"text":"of","start":10548.926,"end":10549.022},{"text":"the","start":10549.022,"end":10549.086},{"text":"International","start":10549.086,"end":10549.664},{"text":"Moon","start":10549.664,"end":10549.889},{"text":"Day","start":10549.889,"end":10550.001},{"text":"Group.","start":10550.114,"end":10550.371}]},{"text":"And this is a brief about the origins of the International Moon Day, its goals, themes, previous events, as well as our plans for the 4th IMD main event later this 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2021, the Moon Village Association, an NGO, non-governmental organization, proposed to the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Use of Outer Space the creation of the International Moon Day to commemorate lunar exploration missions of the past and humanity's planned return to the lunar surface this 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proposal was endorsed by COPOS and subsequently was declared by the United Nations General Assembly in December 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as International Moon Day, to be observed on the 20th of July annually.","start":10604.041,"end":10610.364,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Officially","start":10604.041,"end":10604.557},{"text":"as","start":10604.815,"end":10604.96},{"text":"International","start":10605.057,"end":10605.831},{"text":"Moon","start":10605.944,"end":10606.09},{"text":"Day,","start":10606.122,"end":10606.299},{"text":"to","start":10606.525,"end":10606.67},{"text":"be","start":10606.67,"end":10606.831},{"text":"observed","start":10606.831,"end":10607.46},{"text":"on","start":10607.96,"end":10608.025},{"text":"the","start":10608.122,"end":10608.219},{"text":"20th","start":10608.219,"end":10608.831},{"text":"of","start":10608.96,"end":10609.073},{"text":"July","start":10609.106,"end":10609.38},{"text":"annually.","start":10610.057,"end":10610.364}]},{"text":"The goals of the IMD are mainly to promote public awareness involving different countries, including industry, academia, and space agencies, with special emphasis on the sustainability of lunar exploration utilization, while at the same time fostering global cooperation in the process.","start":10615.17,"end":10637.103,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10615.17,"end":10615.202},{"text":"goals","start":10615.202,"end":10615.492},{"text":"of","start":10615.541,"end":10615.654},{"text":"the","start":10615.67,"end":10615.831},{"text":"IMD","start":10615.831,"end":10616.428},{"text":"are","start":10616.509,"end":10616.622},{"text":"mainly","start":10616.654,"end":10617.025},{"text":"to","start":10617.122,"end":10617.219},{"text":"promote","start":10617.219,"end":10617.654},{"text":"public","start":10617.767,"end":10618.106},{"text":"awareness","start":10618.106,"end":10618.606},{"text":"involving","start":10619.236,"end":10619.833},{"text":"different","start":10620.268,"end":10620.607},{"text":"countries,","start":10620.607,"end":10621.22},{"text":"including","start":10621.882,"end":10622.35},{"text":"industry,","start":10622.447,"end":10623.076},{"text":"academia,","start":10623.108,"end":10623.85},{"text":"and","start":10624.625,"end":10624.69},{"text":"space","start":10624.69,"end":10624.851},{"text":"agencies,","start":10625.028,"end":10625.737},{"text":"with","start":10626.172,"end":10626.333},{"text":"special","start":10626.333,"end":10626.816},{"text":"emphasis","start":10626.816,"end":10627.283},{"text":"on","start":10628.008,"end":10628.089},{"text":"the","start":10628.089,"end":10628.17},{"text":"sustainability","start":10628.17,"end":10629.04},{"text":"of","start":10629.217,"end":10629.362},{"text":"lunar","start":10629.378,"end":10629.716},{"text":"exploration","start":10629.716,"end":10630.49},{"text":"utilization,","start":10631.89,"end":10632.507},{"text":"while","start":10632.815,"end":10632.994},{"text":"at","start":10632.994,"end":10633.124},{"text":"the","start":10633.124,"end":10633.205},{"text":"same","start":10633.205,"end":10633.433},{"text":"time","start":10633.465,"end":10633.709},{"text":"fostering","start":10633.725,"end":10634.326},{"text":"global","start":10634.358,"end":10634.927},{"text":"cooperation","start":10634.927,"end":10635.706},{"text":"in","start":10636.47,"end":10636.519},{"text":"the","start":10636.551,"end":10636.632},{"text":"process.","start":10636.697,"end":10637.103}]},{"text":"The IMD impact can only be understood when we look at the benefits it bestows upon space exploration stakeholders all over the 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are all invited to organize global events on this day July 20th, to create awareness and foster cooperation in sustainable lunar activity and achieve optimal solutions towards a balanced approach for the next generation of human presence on the Moon.","start":10653.147,"end":10673.694,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":10653.147,"end":10653.227},{"text":"are","start":10653.227,"end":10653.388},{"text":"all","start":10653.388,"end":10653.501},{"text":"invited","start":10653.533,"end":10654.097},{"text":"to","start":10654.097,"end":10654.193},{"text":"organize","start":10654.193,"end":10654.725},{"text":"global","start":10654.757,"end":10655.159},{"text":"events","start":10655.159,"end":10655.739},{"text":"on","start":10656.367,"end":10656.496},{"text":"this","start":10656.528,"end":10656.64},{"text":"day","start":10656.769,"end":10657.011},{"text":"July","start":10657.387,"end":10657.727},{"text":"20th,","start":10657.727,"end":10658.342},{"text":"to","start":10659.167,"end":10659.264},{"text":"create","start":10659.264,"end":10659.75},{"text":"awareness","start":10659.75,"end":10660.349},{"text":"and","start":10660.721,"end":10660.786},{"text":"foster","start":10660.802,"end":10661.271},{"text":"cooperation","start":10661.271,"end":10661.984},{"text":"in","start":10662.744,"end":10662.793},{"text":"sustainable","start":10662.842,"end":10663.635},{"text":"lunar","start":10663.635,"end":10664.023},{"text":"activity","start":10664.023,"end":10664.655},{"text":"and","start":10665.561,"end":10665.658},{"text":"achieve","start":10665.658,"end":10666.063},{"text":"optimal","start":10666.063,"end":10666.451},{"text":"solutions","start":10666.451,"end":10667.243},{"text":"towards","start":10668.068,"end":10668.375},{"text":"a","start":10668.488,"end":10668.504},{"text":"balanced","start":10668.569,"end":10669.215},{"text":"approach","start":10669.215,"end":10669.749},{"text":"for","start":10670.186,"end":10670.283},{"text":"the","start":10670.283,"end":10670.363},{"text":"next","start":10670.363,"end":10670.654},{"text":"generation","start":10670.654,"end":10671.285},{"text":"of","start":10672.11,"end":10672.158},{"text":"human","start":10672.207,"end":10672.578},{"text":"presence","start":10672.611,"end":10673.209},{"text":"on","start":10673.257,"end":10673.387},{"text":"the","start":10673.403,"end":10673.5},{"text":"Moon.","start":10673.5,"end":10673.694}]},{"text":"An essential part of the IMD work model is to be globally inclusive by utilizing gig economy platforms and reach out through a more refined lunar base knowledge and contemporary knowledge management by employing modern techniques.","start":10675.521,"end":10693.403,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"An","start":10675.521,"end":10675.57},{"text":"essential","start":10675.57,"end":10675.892},{"text":"part","start":10675.924,"end":10676.327},{"text":"of","start":10676.327,"end":10676.408},{"text":"the","start":10676.408,"end":10676.488},{"text":"IMD","start":10676.553,"end":10676.972},{"text":"work","start":10677.037,"end":10677.294},{"text":"model","start":10677.359,"end":10677.843},{"text":"is","start":10678.584,"end":10678.633},{"text":"to","start":10678.729,"end":10678.826},{"text":"be","start":10678.826,"end":10678.987},{"text":"globally","start":10678.987,"end":10679.519},{"text":"inclusive","start":10679.551,"end":10680.164},{"text":"by","start":10681.164,"end":10681.341},{"text":"utilizing","start":10681.389,"end":10682.018},{"text":"gig","start":10682.05,"end":10682.357},{"text":"economy","start":10682.357,"end":10682.792},{"text":"platforms","start":10682.921,"end":10683.55},{"text":"and","start":10684.297,"end":10684.378},{"text":"reach","start":10684.458,"end":10684.779},{"text":"out","start":10684.779,"end":10685.069},{"text":"through","start":10685.101,"end":10685.213},{"text":"a","start":10685.342,"end":10685.374},{"text":"more","start":10685.374,"end":10685.632},{"text":"refined","start":10685.696,"end":10686.467},{"text":"lunar","start":10686.467,"end":10686.789},{"text":"base","start":10686.805,"end":10687.159},{"text":"knowledge","start":10687.593,"end":10687.963},{"text":"and","start":10688.718,"end":10688.799},{"text":"contemporary","start":10688.879,"end":10689.554},{"text":"knowledge","start":10689.554,"end":10690.069},{"text":"management","start":10690.262,"end":10690.921},{"text":"by","start":10691.612,"end":10691.741},{"text":"employing","start":10691.773,"end":10692.239},{"text":"modern","start":10692.32,"end":10692.643},{"text":"techniques.","start":10692.74,"end":10693.403}]},{"text":"IMD will emerge as a platform by itself to foster new lunar science and technology.","start":10695.344,"end":10702.414,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"IMD","start":10695.344,"end":10695.927},{"text":"will","start":10696.557,"end":10696.8},{"text":"emerge","start":10696.8,"end":10697.221},{"text":"as","start":10697.528,"end":10697.577},{"text":"a","start":10697.625,"end":10697.69},{"text":"platform","start":10697.69,"end":10698.321},{"text":"by","start":10698.337,"end":10698.531},{"text":"itself","start":10698.563,"end":10699.162},{"text":"to","start":10699.615,"end":10699.679},{"text":"foster","start":10699.712,"end":10700.116},{"text":"new","start":10700.116,"end":10700.456},{"text":"lunar","start":10700.52,"end":10700.828},{"text":"science","start":10700.828,"end":10701.378},{"text":"and","start":10701.721,"end":10701.804},{"text":"technology.","start":10701.804,"end":10702.414}]},{"text":"From the outset of its inaugural year, Adoption of a theme has become an integral part of the International Moon 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example, in 2022, its theme was Lunar Exploration, Coordination, and Sustainability, thus reflecting the trend by various stakeholders in the early years of the decade, and was hosted at the Drake State Community and Technical College in Huntsville, 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2023, the theme was Beginning the New Lunar Journey for Humanity.","start":10741.69,"end":10747.717,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10741.69,"end":10741.722},{"text":"2023,","start":10741.722,"end":10742.813},{"text":"the","start":10743.986,"end":10744.084},{"text":"theme","start":10744.084,"end":10744.296},{"text":"was","start":10744.394,"end":10744.54},{"text":"Beginning","start":10745.306,"end":10745.664},{"text":"the","start":10745.729,"end":10745.811},{"text":"New","start":10745.811,"end":10745.99},{"text":"Lunar","start":10746.185,"end":10746.511},{"text":"Journey","start":10746.511,"end":10746.87},{"text":"for","start":10746.87,"end":10747.098},{"text":"Humanity.","start":10747.098,"end":10747.717}]},{"text":"This was a clear signal of the multiple missions planned globally and launched in 2023 and was hosted by the Science Museum in Gwacheon, South 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2024, the theme was Illuminating the Shadows, a literal metaphor for illuminating the Moon's deep craters as well as all planned exploration missions on the lunar surface by many global 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3rd main event was jointly hosted by the Harbin Institute of Technology and the Chinese Society of Astronautics in Harbin, 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next slide shows the geographical spread of IMD 2024 global events.","start":10794.811,"end":10801.408,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":10794.811,"end":10795.054},{"text":"next","start":10795.054,"end":10795.199},{"text":"slide","start":10795.199,"end":10795.652},{"text":"shows","start":10795.7,"end":10796.153},{"text":"the","start":10796.185,"end":10796.428},{"text":"geographical","start":10796.428,"end":10797.172},{"text":"spread","start":10797.172,"end":10797.689},{"text":"of","start":10798.352,"end":10798.514},{"text":"IMD","start":10798.53,"end":10799.112},{"text":"2024","start":10799.807,"end":10800.664},{"text":"global","start":10800.793,"end":10801.084},{"text":"events.","start":10801.117,"end":10801.408}]},{"text":"As you can see, we have more than 46 global events in 41 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visit our website to upload your Global Event and share with the world your celebration of the International Moon Day in your part of the world from your own cultural perspective to add a unique flavor reflecting your traditions and/or your 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you for allowing us this opportunity to celebrate man's return to the Moon.","start":11044.769,"end":11049.74,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":11044.769,"end":11045.013},{"text":"you","start":11045.013,"end":11045.208},{"text":"for","start":11045.322,"end":11045.468},{"text":"allowing","start":11045.565,"end":11045.955},{"text":"us","start":11045.988,"end":11046.264},{"text":"this","start":11046.719,"end":11046.849},{"text":"opportunity","start":11046.946,"end":11047.58},{"text":"to","start":11047.677,"end":11047.775},{"text":"celebrate","start":11047.775,"end":11048.425},{"text":"man's","start":11048.425,"end":11048.75},{"text":"return","start":11048.75,"end":11049.123},{"text":"to","start":11049.465,"end":11049.53},{"text":"the","start":11049.53,"end":11049.627},{"text":"Moon.","start":11049.627,"end":11049.74}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Nasser Sahaf","affiliation":"MVA","affiliation_full":"MVA","group":null,"function":"Chair, International Moon Day 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will then continue our consideration of agenda item 5, status and application of the 5 United Nations treaties on outer space and ways and means including capacity building to promote their 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