{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/fr/asset/k1m/k1mscnbdbu?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/fr/asset/k1m/k1mscnbdbu.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k1m/k1mscnbdbu","kaltura_id":"1_mscnbdbu","title":"Low Orbit Satellite Internet Systems in the Context of International Peace and Security: Challenges and Threats - First Committee Side Event, General Assembly, 80th session","clean_title":"Low Orbit Satellite Internet Systems in the Context of International Peace and Security: Challenges and Threats - First Committee Side Event, General Assembly, 80th session","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1m/k1mscnbdbu","date":"2025-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2025-10-13T14:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"01:05:24","category":"General Assembly","body":"First Committee","event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":"80th session","pv_symbol":null,"pv_part":null,"slug":"asset/k1m/k1mscnbdbu"},"metadata":{"summary":"Side event on the margins of the UNGA First Committee \"Low orbit satellite internet systems in the context of international peace and security: challenges and threats\" hosted by Russian Permanent Mission to the UN, Permanent Mission of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the UN and Permanent Mission of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela to the UN.","description":"Rapid technological advancement and unconstrained expansion of Low Earth orbit satellite Internet communications systems (LEO satellites) have led to the emergence of new challenges in the field of international peace and security. It is worth noting that LEO satellites have been used outside of their declared \"availability maps\", providing Internet access in circumvention of national laws and regulatory authorities. This has paved the way for malign activities against individual UN Member States aimed at interfering in their internal affairs and fueling socio-political destabilization from abroad. At the same time, recent armed conflicts have shown how this dual-use technology can be weaponized. LEO satellites have been leveraged to gather intelligence on sovereign territories, coordinate military operations, program precision strikes and organize terrorist attacks. Given the ever-growing number of these systems and the lack of effective international framework to control them, UN Member States will see their national security increasingly compromised. This issue, which is currently on the radar of the International Telecommunication Union, has been incorporated into the agenda of the World Radiocommunication Conference 2027, but concrete measures are yet to be defined.Objectives:The side event will represent an opportunity to discuss the treats arising from malicious use of LEO satellites and identify possible ways to address them.","categories":["Meetings & Events","General Assembly","80th Session","First Committee"],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":["COMMUNICATION SATELLITES","INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY","INTERNET","GENERAL ASSEMBLY"],"corporate_name":["FIRST COMMITTEE - DISARMAMENT AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY"],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[{"title":"First Committee website","url":"http://www.un.org/en/ga/first/"}]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"azure-llm-speech-0d283b60-ccd3-4f5c-a8b6-8d6ad75a744d","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":4.43,"pageUrl":"/fr/asset/k1m/k1mscnbdbu?lang=en&t=5","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Dear colleagues, guests, my name is Boris Vasiliev.","start":4.43,"end":9.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Dear","start":4.43,"end":4.75},{"text":"colleagues,","start":4.75,"end":5.23},{"text":"guests,","start":6.03,"end":6.59},{"text":"my","start":7.71,"end":7.87},{"text":"name","start":7.87,"end":8.07},{"text":"is","start":8.07,"end":8.19},{"text":"Boris","start":8.19,"end":8.51},{"text":"Vasiliev.","start":8.51,"end":9.07}]},{"text":"I'm head of division of the Department of International Information Security of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia.","start":9.31,"end":18.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'm","start":9.31,"end":9.63},{"text":"head","start":9.63,"end":9.87},{"text":"of","start":9.87,"end":10.03},{"text":"division","start":10.03,"end":10.67},{"text":"of","start":11.87,"end":12.11},{"text":"the","start":12.11,"end":12.31},{"text":"Department","start":12.31,"end":13.15},{"text":"of","start":13.91,"end":14.11},{"text":"International","start":14.19,"end":15.07},{"text":"Information","start":15.07,"end":15.63},{"text":"Security","start":15.63,"end":16.15},{"text":"of","start":16.15,"end":16.27},{"text":"the","start":16.27,"end":16.35},{"text":"Ministry","start":16.35,"end":16.79},{"text":"of","start":16.79,"end":16.87},{"text":"Foreign","start":16.87,"end":17.15},{"text":"Affairs","start":17.15,"end":17.51},{"text":"of","start":17.51,"end":17.63},{"text":"Russia.","start":17.63,"end":18.03}]},{"text":"And I'm glad to welcome all of you at our briefing on threats related to so-called low earth orbit satellite internet communication systems.","start":19.31,"end":29.39,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Orbital Congestion","description":"Participants warned that mega-constellations create risks beyond politics and security, including collisions, debris, harmful interference, and pressure on orbital and spectrum resources. 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are also called by professional community as non geostationary satellite communication systems.","start":29.95,"end":36.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"which","start":29.95,"end":30.23},{"text":"are","start":30.23,"end":30.39},{"text":"also","start":30.39,"end":30.87},{"text":"called","start":30.87,"end":31.35},{"text":"by","start":31.35,"end":31.59},{"text":"professional","start":31.59,"end":32.23},{"text":"community","start":32.23,"end":32.95},{"text":"as","start":33.35,"end":33.75},{"text":"non","start":33.75,"end":34.15},{"text":"geostationary","start":34.23,"end":35.11},{"text":"satellite","start":35.11,"end":35.67},{"text":"communication","start":35.67,"end":36.23},{"text":"systems.","start":36.23,"end":36.87}]},{"text":"We have guests in the hall from different UN missions and as far as formats of our briefing is hybrid, we also have listeners 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due to the technical rules of the United Nations, online participants can only listen and don't have right to intervene.","start":49.23,"end":56.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Unfortunately,","start":49.23,"end":49.91},{"text":"due","start":49.91,"end":50.15},{"text":"to","start":50.15,"end":50.31},{"text":"the","start":50.31,"end":50.51},{"text":"technical","start":50.51,"end":51.11},{"text":"rules","start":51.11,"end":51.47},{"text":"of","start":51.47,"end":51.59},{"text":"the","start":51.59,"end":51.67},{"text":"United","start":51.67,"end":52.07},{"text":"Nations,","start":52.07,"end":52.47},{"text":"online","start":52.47,"end":52.91},{"text":"participants","start":52.91,"end":53.67},{"text":"can","start":53.91,"end":54.15},{"text":"only","start":54.15,"end":54.47},{"text":"listen","start":54.47,"end":54.95},{"text":"and","start":54.95,"end":55.47},{"text":"don't","start":55.47,"end":55.75},{"text":"have","start":55.75,"end":55.87},{"text":"right","start":55.87,"end":56.19},{"text":"to","start":56.19,"end":56.31},{"text":"intervene.","start":56.31,"end":56.95}]},{"text":"But still, I hope that today's discussion will be interesting, especially taking into account that it is co-sponsored by our friends from Venezuela and Iran, and representatives of both of these states will make reports today as 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I will explain why it is important.","start":77.63,"end":80.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Later,","start":77.63,"end":78.35},{"text":"I","start":78.59,"end":78.75},{"text":"will","start":78.75,"end":78.91},{"text":"explain","start":78.91,"end":79.47},{"text":"why","start":79.47,"end":79.79},{"text":"it","start":79.79,"end":79.95},{"text":"is","start":79.95,"end":80.11},{"text":"important.","start":80.11,"end":80.75}]},{"text":"And we also have statements from our friends from Cuba and Nicaragua.","start":81.55,"end":86.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":81.55,"end":81.79},{"text":"we","start":81.79,"end":81.95},{"text":"also","start":81.95,"end":82.43},{"text":"have","start":82.43,"end":82.75},{"text":"statements","start":82.75,"end":83.47},{"text":"from","start":83.71,"end":84.03},{"text":"our","start":84.03,"end":84.43},{"text":"friends","start":84.43,"end":84.83},{"text":"from","start":84.83,"end":85.07},{"text":"Cuba","start":85.07,"end":85.51},{"text":"and","start":85.51,"end":85.63},{"text":"Nicaragua.","start":85.63,"end":86.27}]},{"text":"So let's begin.","start":86.91,"end":87.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":86.91,"end":87.11},{"text":"let's","start":87.11,"end":87.39},{"text":"begin.","start":87.39,"end":87.79}]},{"text":"We all use information and communication technologies, so-called ICTs, and become more and more dependent from such technologies.","start":89.55,"end":100.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":89.55,"end":89.79},{"text":"all","start":89.79,"end":90.11},{"text":"use","start":90.11,"end":90.43},{"text":"information","start":90.43,"end":91.11},{"text":"and","start":91.11,"end":91.23},{"text":"communication","start":91.23,"end":91.79},{"text":"technologies,","start":91.79,"end":92.59},{"text":"so-called","start":92.91,"end":93.55},{"text":"ICTs,","start":93.55,"end":94.35},{"text":"and","start":95.79,"end":96.19},{"text":"become","start":97.15,"end":97.99},{"text":"more","start":97.99,"end":98.27},{"text":"and","start":98.27,"end":98.43},{"text":"more","start":98.43,"end":98.75},{"text":"dependent","start":98.75,"end":99.39},{"text":"from","start":99.39,"end":99.63},{"text":"such","start":99.63,"end":99.87},{"text":"technologies.","start":99.87,"end":100.59}]},{"text":"All countries are focused on providing internet access to as many citizens as they can in order to allow everybody to use digital services, which are very useful and popular.","start":101.23,"end":114.83,"topics":[{"key":"connectivity-and-digital-divide","label":"Connectivity Benefits and the Digital Divide","description":"While the meeting focused on risks, several speakers also acknowledged the developmental advantages of satellite internet, such as broader coverage, lower latency, and access for remote areas. The tension between these benefits and the need for regulation was a consistent theme."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":101.23,"end":101.47},{"text":"countries","start":101.47,"end":102.03},{"text":"are","start":102.03,"end":102.27},{"text":"focused","start":102.27,"end":102.83},{"text":"on","start":103.03,"end":103.31},{"text":"providing","start":103.35,"end":103.87},{"text":"internet","start":103.87,"end":104.43},{"text":"access","start":104.43,"end":104.91},{"text":"to","start":105.23,"end":105.47},{"text":"as","start":105.47,"end":105.71},{"text":"many","start":105.71,"end":105.95},{"text":"citizens","start":105.95,"end":106.67},{"text":"as","start":106.99,"end":107.23},{"text":"they","start":107.23,"end":107.39},{"text":"can","start":107.39,"end":107.79},{"text":"in","start":108.99,"end":109.15},{"text":"order","start":109.15,"end":109.47},{"text":"to","start":109.47,"end":109.71},{"text":"allow","start":109.71,"end":110.11},{"text":"everybody","start":110.11,"end":110.71},{"text":"to","start":110.71,"end":110.87},{"text":"use","start":110.87,"end":111.11},{"text":"digital","start":111.11,"end":111.63},{"text":"services,","start":111.63,"end":112.35},{"text":"which","start":113.03,"end":113.31},{"text":"are","start":113.31,"end":113.47},{"text":"very","start":113.47,"end":113.71},{"text":"useful","start":113.71,"end":114.11},{"text":"and","start":114.11,"end":114.27},{"text":"popular.","start":114.27,"end":114.83}]},{"text":"And along with digital advantages go threats.","start":115.87,"end":119.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":115.87,"end":116.03},{"text":"along","start":116.03,"end":116.35},{"text":"with","start":116.43,"end":116.83},{"text":"digital","start":116.83,"end":117.31},{"text":"advantages","start":117.31,"end":118.11},{"text":"go","start":118.27,"end":118.59},{"text":"threats.","start":118.59,"end":119.15}]},{"text":"Let's ask the question, what will happen if such technologies stop working due to, for example, catastrophe or any other reason?","start":120.11,"end":131.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let's","start":120.11,"end":120.59},{"text":"ask","start":120.83,"end":121.19},{"text":"the","start":121.19,"end":121.31},{"text":"question,","start":121.31,"end":121.95},{"text":"what","start":122.51,"end":122.79},{"text":"will","start":122.79,"end":122.99},{"text":"happen","start":122.99,"end":123.47},{"text":"if","start":123.87,"end":124.03},{"text":"such","start":124.03,"end":124.35},{"text":"technologies","start":124.35,"end":125.07},{"text":"stop","start":125.23,"end":125.55},{"text":"working","start":125.55,"end":126.11},{"text":"due","start":126.43,"end":126.67},{"text":"to,","start":126.67,"end":126.99},{"text":"for","start":127.79,"end":128.03},{"text":"example,","start":128.03,"end":128.43},{"text":"catastrophe","start":128.43,"end":129.23},{"text":"or","start":130.11,"end":130.43},{"text":"any","start":130.43,"end":130.75},{"text":"other","start":130.75,"end":131.11},{"text":"reason?","start":131.11,"end":131.47}]},{"text":"We have a recent case in the Republic of Korea, very well known to everybody who watches the news.","start":132.27,"end":139.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":132.27,"end":132.39},{"text":"have","start":132.39,"end":132.67},{"text":"a","start":132.67,"end":132.71},{"text":"recent","start":132.71,"end":133.03},{"text":"case","start":133.03,"end":133.47},{"text":"in","start":133.47,"end":133.71},{"text":"the","start":133.71,"end":133.79},{"text":"Republic","start":133.79,"end":134.43},{"text":"of","start":134.43,"end":134.91},{"text":"Korea,","start":134.91,"end":135.23},{"text":"very","start":135.23,"end":135.47},{"text":"well","start":136.03,"end":136.59},{"text":"known","start":136.59,"end":136.91},{"text":"to","start":136.91,"end":137.07},{"text":"everybody","start":137.07,"end":137.71},{"text":"who","start":137.71,"end":137.79},{"text":"watches","start":137.79,"end":138.43},{"text":"the","start":138.43,"end":138.59},{"text":"news.","start":138.59,"end":139.07}]},{"text":"By the way, mass media calls this catastrophe as cyber apocalypse.","start":139.71,"end":144.35,"topics":[{"key":"digital-destabilization","label":"Cyber and Information Destabilization","description":"Speakers linked satellite connectivity to cyberattacks, disinformation campaigns, protest coordination, and alleged coup or election interference. The discussion emphasized how digital infrastructure can be used to manipulate political narratives and undermine institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"By","start":139.71,"end":139.95},{"text":"the","start":139.95,"end":140.07},{"text":"way,","start":140.07,"end":140.43},{"text":"mass","start":140.59,"end":140.91},{"text":"media","start":140.91,"end":141.15},{"text":"calls","start":141.15,"end":141.63},{"text":"this","start":141.79,"end":142.11},{"text":"catastrophe","start":142.11,"end":142.83},{"text":"as","start":142.83,"end":142.99},{"text":"cyber","start":142.99,"end":143.55},{"text":"apocalypse.","start":143.55,"end":144.35}]},{"text":"And this shows quite well how we are dependent from ICTs.","start":144.83,"end":149.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":144.83,"end":145.03},{"text":"this","start":145.03,"end":145.23},{"text":"shows","start":145.23,"end":145.71},{"text":"quite","start":146.03,"end":146.35},{"text":"well","start":146.35,"end":146.67},{"text":"how","start":146.67,"end":147.07},{"text":"we","start":147.07,"end":147.39},{"text":"are","start":147.39,"end":147.71},{"text":"dependent","start":147.71,"end":148.43},{"text":"from","start":148.59,"end":148.91},{"text":"ICTs.","start":148.91,"end":149.63}]},{"text":"Let's ask another question.","start":150.47,"end":152.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let's","start":150.47,"end":150.75},{"text":"ask","start":150.75,"end":151.07},{"text":"another","start":151.07,"end":151.47},{"text":"question.","start":151.47,"end":152.11}]},{"text":"Taking into account our dependency from ICTs, what if such technologies are used against the sovereignty of states in order to undermine internal political situation of the UN member states?","start":153.07,"end":168.51,"topics":[{"key":"state-sovereignty","label":"State Sovereignty and Non-Interference","description":"Multiple speakers argued that low Earth orbit satellite internet systems can be used to bypass national controls and interfere in domestic political processes. They framed this as a violation of sovereignty, non-intervention, and the UN Charter."},{"key":"digital-destabilization","label":"Cyber and Information Destabilization","description":"Speakers linked satellite connectivity to cyberattacks, disinformation campaigns, protest coordination, and alleged coup or election interference. The discussion emphasized how digital infrastructure can be used to manipulate political narratives and undermine institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"Taking","start":153.07,"end":153.47},{"text":"into","start":153.47,"end":153.75},{"text":"account","start":153.75,"end":154.27},{"text":"our","start":154.27,"end":154.51},{"text":"dependency","start":154.51,"end":155.39},{"text":"from","start":155.71,"end":156.03},{"text":"ICTs,","start":156.03,"end":156.83},{"text":"what","start":157.07,"end":157.47},{"text":"if","start":157.47,"end":157.71},{"text":"such","start":157.71,"end":158.03},{"text":"technologies","start":158.03,"end":158.83},{"text":"are","start":159.31,"end":159.55},{"text":"used","start":159.55,"end":159.95},{"text":"against","start":160.35,"end":160.91},{"text":"the","start":160.91,"end":161.15},{"text":"sovereignty","start":161.15,"end":161.79},{"text":"of","start":161.79,"end":161.95},{"text":"states","start":161.95,"end":162.51},{"text":"in","start":163.31,"end":163.47},{"text":"order","start":163.47,"end":163.71},{"text":"to","start":163.71,"end":164.11},{"text":"undermine","start":164.11,"end":164.91},{"text":"internal","start":164.99,"end":165.55},{"text":"political","start":165.55,"end":165.99},{"text":"situation","start":165.99,"end":166.67},{"text":"of","start":166.67,"end":166.99},{"text":"the","start":167.07,"end":167.27},{"text":"UN","start":167.27,"end":167.67},{"text":"member","start":167.67,"end":167.99},{"text":"states?","start":167.99,"end":168.51}]},{"text":"Nowadays, ICTs are widely used in anti-governmental protests, And recent cases of Nepal, Morocco, Madagascar, and many other states showed us that it is true.","start":169.31,"end":182.31,"topics":[{"key":"digital-destabilization","label":"Cyber and Information Destabilization","description":"Speakers linked satellite connectivity to cyberattacks, disinformation campaigns, protest coordination, and alleged coup or election interference. The discussion emphasized how digital infrastructure can be used to manipulate political narratives and undermine institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"Nowadays,","start":169.31,"end":170.03},{"text":"ICTs","start":170.19,"end":170.83},{"text":"are","start":170.83,"end":170.99},{"text":"widely","start":170.99,"end":171.39},{"text":"used","start":171.39,"end":171.79},{"text":"in","start":171.79,"end":172.11},{"text":"anti-governmental","start":172.83,"end":173.63},{"text":"protests,","start":173.63,"end":174.27},{"text":"And","start":174.79,"end":174.99},{"text":"recent","start":174.99,"end":175.83},{"text":"cases","start":175.83,"end":176.31},{"text":"of","start":176.31,"end":176.55},{"text":"Nepal,","start":176.55,"end":177.19},{"text":"Morocco,","start":177.19,"end":177.83},{"text":"Madagascar,","start":178.07,"end":178.87},{"text":"and","start":178.87,"end":179.11},{"text":"many","start":179.27,"end":179.67},{"text":"other","start":179.67,"end":179.99},{"text":"states","start":179.99,"end":180.39},{"text":"showed","start":180.63,"end":181.11},{"text":"us","start":181.11,"end":181.27},{"text":"that","start":181.35,"end":181.59},{"text":"it","start":181.59,"end":181.75},{"text":"is","start":181.75,"end":181.91},{"text":"true.","start":181.91,"end":182.31}]},{"text":"The ICTs are widely used in such protests.","start":182.71,"end":186.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":182.71,"end":182.83},{"text":"ICTs","start":182.83,"end":183.59},{"text":"are","start":183.99,"end":184.23},{"text":"widely","start":184.23,"end":184.63},{"text":"used","start":184.63,"end":185.03},{"text":"in","start":185.27,"end":185.51},{"text":"such","start":185.51,"end":186.15},{"text":"protests.","start":186.15,"end":186.79}]},{"text":"Same situation is with low earth orbit satellite internet communication systems.","start":188.71,"end":194.15,"topics":[{"key":"digital-destabilization","label":"Cyber and Information Destabilization","description":"Speakers linked satellite connectivity to cyberattacks, disinformation campaigns, protest coordination, and alleged coup or election interference. The discussion emphasized how digital infrastructure can be used to manipulate political narratives and undermine institutions."},{"key":"connectivity-and-digital-divide","label":"Connectivity Benefits and the Digital Divide","description":"While the meeting focused on risks, several speakers also acknowledged the developmental advantages of satellite internet, such as broader coverage, lower latency, and access for remote areas. The tension between these benefits and the need for regulation was a consistent theme."}],"words":[{"text":"Same","start":188.71,"end":189.03},{"text":"situation","start":189.03,"end":189.59},{"text":"is","start":189.59,"end":189.83},{"text":"with","start":189.83,"end":190.07},{"text":"low","start":190.47,"end":190.95},{"text":"earth","start":190.95,"end":191.35},{"text":"orbit","start":191.43,"end":191.91},{"text":"satellite","start":191.91,"end":192.55},{"text":"internet","start":192.55,"end":192.95},{"text":"communication","start":192.95,"end":193.59},{"text":"systems.","start":193.59,"end":194.15}]},{"text":"Let me bring some examples.","start":194.87,"end":196.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":194.87,"end":195.07},{"text":"me","start":195.07,"end":195.27},{"text":"bring","start":195.27,"end":195.59},{"text":"some","start":195.59,"end":195.91},{"text":"examples.","start":195.91,"end":196.71}]},{"text":"Fall 2022, Iran, anti-governmental protests.","start":197.19,"end":202.47,"topics":[{"key":"digital-destabilization","label":"Cyber and Information Destabilization","description":"Speakers linked satellite connectivity to cyberattacks, disinformation campaigns, protest coordination, and alleged coup or election interference. The discussion emphasized how digital infrastructure can be used to manipulate political narratives and undermine institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"Fall","start":197.19,"end":197.67},{"text":"2022,","start":198.15,"end":199.27},{"text":"Iran,","start":199.55,"end":199.99},{"text":"anti-governmental","start":200.87,"end":201.75},{"text":"protests.","start":201.75,"end":202.47}]},{"text":"And very important thing is that Starlink system terminals illegally imported to Iran were used during these protests.","start":203.31,"end":212.27,"topics":[{"key":"illegal-terminal-use","label":"Illegal Use of Satellite Terminals","description":"Several statements focused on the unauthorized importation and operation of terminals such as Starlink devices. This was presented as a breach of national licensing systems, spectrum control, and domestic telecommunications law."},{"key":"digital-destabilization","label":"Cyber and Information Destabilization","description":"Speakers linked satellite connectivity to cyberattacks, disinformation campaigns, protest coordination, and alleged coup or election interference. The discussion emphasized how digital infrastructure can be used to manipulate political narratives and undermine institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":203.31,"end":203.55},{"text":"very","start":203.55,"end":203.95},{"text":"important","start":203.95,"end":204.43},{"text":"thing","start":204.43,"end":204.67},{"text":"is","start":204.75,"end":204.99},{"text":"that","start":204.99,"end":205.31},{"text":"Starlink","start":205.31,"end":205.87},{"text":"system","start":205.87,"end":206.35},{"text":"terminals","start":206.35,"end":207.07},{"text":"illegally","start":207.55,"end":208.07},{"text":"imported","start":208.07,"end":208.83},{"text":"to","start":209.07,"end":209.31},{"text":"Iran","start":209.35,"end":209.79},{"text":"were","start":210.27,"end":210.59},{"text":"used","start":210.59,"end":210.99},{"text":"during","start":210.99,"end":211.39},{"text":"these","start":211.39,"end":211.63},{"text":"protests.","start":211.63,"end":212.27}]},{"text":"After that, Iran went to the Radio Regulation Board, RRB, of the International Telecommunication Union, ITU.","start":213.15,"end":223.07,"topics":[{"key":"leo-regulation","label":"Regulation of LEO Satellite Networks","description":"A central theme was the need for stronger international rules governing low Earth orbit satellite services. Speakers referred to the ITU, COPUOS, and the 2027 World Radiocommunication Conference as key venues for developing regulatory measures."}],"words":[{"text":"After","start":213.15,"end":213.91},{"text":"that,","start":214.11,"end":214.67},{"text":"Iran","start":215.15,"end":215.47},{"text":"went","start":215.95,"end":216.39},{"text":"to","start":216.39,"end":216.51},{"text":"the","start":216.51,"end":216.71},{"text":"Radio","start":216.75,"end":217.23},{"text":"Regulation","start":217.23,"end":217.79},{"text":"Board,","start":217.79,"end":218.27},{"text":"RRB,","start":218.51,"end":219.39},{"text":"of","start":219.99,"end":220.11},{"text":"the","start":220.11,"end":220.23},{"text":"International","start":220.23,"end":220.91},{"text":"Telecommunication","start":220.91,"end":221.71},{"text":"Union,","start":221.71,"end":222.19},{"text":"ITU.","start":222.43,"end":223.07}]},{"text":"And after long time deliberations, 94th meeting of the RRB proclaimed that this case was indirect contraversion of the provisions of the ITU regulations and resolutions.","start":223.87,"end":239.51,"topics":[{"key":"leo-regulation","label":"Regulation of LEO Satellite Networks","description":"A central theme was the need for stronger international rules governing low Earth orbit satellite services. Speakers referred to the ITU, COPUOS, and the 2027 World Radiocommunication Conference as key venues for developing regulatory measures."},{"key":"illegal-terminal-use","label":"Illegal Use of Satellite Terminals","description":"Several statements focused on the unauthorized importation and operation of terminals such as Starlink devices. This was presented as a breach of national licensing systems, spectrum control, and domestic telecommunications law."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":223.87,"end":224.15},{"text":"after","start":224.15,"end":224.51},{"text":"long","start":224.51,"end":224.75},{"text":"time","start":224.75,"end":225.07},{"text":"deliberations,","start":225.07,"end":225.95},{"text":"94th","start":227.79,"end":228.59},{"text":"meeting","start":228.59,"end":229.15},{"text":"of","start":229.23,"end":229.47},{"text":"the","start":229.47,"end":229.59},{"text":"RRB","start":229.59,"end":230.19},{"text":"proclaimed","start":230.59,"end":231.23},{"text":"that","start":231.63,"end":231.95},{"text":"this","start":231.95,"end":232.35},{"text":"case","start":232.35,"end":232.91},{"text":"was","start":233.39,"end":233.59},{"text":"indirect","start":233.67,"end":234.35},{"text":"contraversion","start":234.35,"end":235.19},{"text":"of","start":235.39,"end":235.59},{"text":"the","start":235.59,"end":235.67},{"text":"provisions","start":235.67,"end":236.31},{"text":"of","start":236.31,"end":236.47},{"text":"the","start":236.47,"end":236.59},{"text":"ITU","start":236.59,"end":237.11},{"text":"regulations","start":237.11,"end":237.99},{"text":"and","start":238.31,"end":238.55},{"text":"resolutions.","start":238.55,"end":239.51}]},{"text":"In this respect, telecommunication administrations of the states associated with Starlink were requested to take immediate actions to disable Starlink terminals operating within the territory of Iran.","start":240.39,"end":255.43,"topics":[{"key":"illegal-terminal-use","label":"Illegal Use of Satellite Terminals","description":"Several statements focused on the unauthorized importation and operation of terminals such as Starlink devices. This was presented as a breach of national licensing systems, spectrum control, and domestic telecommunications law."},{"key":"leo-regulation","label":"Regulation of LEO Satellite Networks","description":"A central theme was the need for stronger international rules governing low Earth orbit satellite services. Speakers referred to the ITU, COPUOS, and the 2027 World Radiocommunication Conference as key venues for developing regulatory measures."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":240.39,"end":240.55},{"text":"this","start":240.55,"end":240.79},{"text":"respect,","start":240.79,"end":241.35},{"text":"telecommunication","start":241.67,"end":242.55},{"text":"administrations","start":242.55,"end":243.51},{"text":"of","start":244.15,"end":244.31},{"text":"the","start":244.31,"end":244.43},{"text":"states","start":244.43,"end":244.87},{"text":"associated","start":245.03,"end":245.75},{"text":"with","start":245.75,"end":245.95},{"text":"Starlink","start":245.95,"end":246.71},{"text":"were","start":247.27,"end":247.59},{"text":"requested","start":247.59,"end":248.11},{"text":"to","start":248.11,"end":248.23},{"text":"take","start":248.47,"end":248.91},{"text":"immediate","start":248.91,"end":249.43},{"text":"actions","start":249.43,"end":249.99},{"text":"to","start":250.31,"end":250.43},{"text":"disable","start":250.43,"end":251.03},{"text":"Starlink","start":251.03,"end":251.87},{"text":"terminals","start":251.87,"end":252.63},{"text":"operating","start":253.07,"end":253.67},{"text":"within","start":253.67,"end":253.99},{"text":"the","start":253.99,"end":254.07},{"text":"territory","start":254.07,"end":254.91},{"text":"of","start":254.91,"end":254.99},{"text":"Iran.","start":254.99,"end":255.43}]},{"text":"It is very important because it was the first official confirmation of the use of low earth orbit satellite internet communication system in violation of the principle of non-interference into the state's affairs.","start":256.71,"end":271.35,"topics":[{"key":"state-sovereignty","label":"State Sovereignty and Non-Interference","description":"Multiple speakers argued that low Earth orbit satellite internet systems can be used to bypass national controls and interfere in domestic political processes. They framed this as a violation of sovereignty, non-intervention, and the UN Charter."},{"key":"digital-destabilization","label":"Cyber and Information Destabilization","description":"Speakers linked satellite connectivity to cyberattacks, disinformation campaigns, protest coordination, and alleged coup or election interference. The discussion emphasized how digital infrastructure can be used to manipulate political narratives and undermine institutions."},{"key":"illegal-terminal-use","label":"Illegal Use of Satellite Terminals","description":"Several statements focused on the unauthorized importation and operation of terminals such as Starlink devices. This was presented as a breach of national licensing systems, spectrum control, and domestic telecommunications law."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":256.71,"end":256.83},{"text":"is","start":256.83,"end":256.99},{"text":"very","start":256.99,"end":257.15},{"text":"important","start":257.15,"end":257.63},{"text":"because","start":257.63,"end":258.23},{"text":"it","start":258.23,"end":258.39},{"text":"was","start":258.39,"end":258.63},{"text":"the","start":258.63,"end":258.79},{"text":"first","start":258.79,"end":259.19},{"text":"official","start":259.19,"end":259.83},{"text":"confirmation","start":260.43,"end":261.19},{"text":"of","start":261.27,"end":261.51},{"text":"the","start":261.51,"end":261.59},{"text":"use","start":261.59,"end":261.91},{"text":"of","start":261.91,"end":262.07},{"text":"low","start":262.07,"end":262.47},{"text":"earth","start":262.47,"end":262.87},{"text":"orbit","start":263.11,"end":263.51},{"text":"satellite","start":263.51,"end":263.95},{"text":"internet","start":263.95,"end":264.39},{"text":"communication","start":264.39,"end":264.95},{"text":"system","start":264.95,"end":265.51},{"text":"in","start":266.23,"end":266.39},{"text":"violation","start":266.39,"end":267.11},{"text":"of","start":267.11,"end":267.27},{"text":"the","start":267.27,"end":267.39},{"text":"principle","start":267.39,"end":268.07},{"text":"of","start":268.31,"end":268.47},{"text":"non-interference","start":268.47,"end":269.51},{"text":"into","start":269.83,"end":270.15},{"text":"the","start":270.15,"end":270.27},{"text":"state's","start":270.27,"end":270.71},{"text":"affairs.","start":270.71,"end":271.35}]},{"text":"Completely same situation happened in Venezuela during protests before the presidential elections in this country.","start":272.23,"end":280.79,"topics":[{"key":"digital-destabilization","label":"Cyber and Information Destabilization","description":"Speakers linked satellite connectivity to cyberattacks, disinformation campaigns, protest coordination, and alleged coup or election interference. The discussion emphasized how digital infrastructure can be used to manipulate political narratives and undermine institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"Completely","start":272.23,"end":272.71},{"text":"same","start":272.71,"end":272.95},{"text":"situation","start":272.95,"end":273.51},{"text":"happened","start":273.51,"end":274.07},{"text":"in","start":274.15,"end":274.47},{"text":"Venezuela","start":274.47,"end":275.19},{"text":"during","start":275.83,"end":276.15},{"text":"protests","start":276.15,"end":276.79},{"text":"before","start":277.11,"end":277.75},{"text":"the","start":278.15,"end":278.43},{"text":"presidential","start":278.55,"end":279.27},{"text":"elections","start":279.27,"end":279.91},{"text":"in","start":279.99,"end":280.15},{"text":"this","start":280.15,"end":280.31},{"text":"country.","start":280.31,"end":280.79}]},{"text":"Again, Starlink terminals, again illegally imported terminals, and again they were used to coordinate protests.","start":281.63,"end":289.67,"topics":[{"key":"illegal-terminal-use","label":"Illegal Use of Satellite Terminals","description":"Several statements focused on the unauthorized importation and operation of terminals such as Starlink devices. This was presented as a breach of national licensing systems, spectrum control, and domestic telecommunications law."},{"key":"digital-destabilization","label":"Cyber and Information Destabilization","description":"Speakers linked satellite connectivity to cyberattacks, disinformation campaigns, protest coordination, and alleged coup or election interference. The discussion emphasized how digital infrastructure can be used to manipulate political narratives and undermine institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"Again,","start":281.63,"end":282.07},{"text":"Starlink","start":282.07,"end":282.55},{"text":"terminals,","start":282.55,"end":283.27},{"text":"again","start":283.67,"end":284.15},{"text":"illegally","start":284.15,"end":284.59},{"text":"imported","start":284.59,"end":285.07},{"text":"terminals,","start":285.07,"end":285.83},{"text":"and","start":286.23,"end":286.51},{"text":"again","start":286.51,"end":287.11},{"text":"they","start":287.43,"end":287.67},{"text":"were","start":287.67,"end":287.91},{"text":"used","start":287.91,"end":288.35},{"text":"to","start":288.35,"end":288.47},{"text":"coordinate","start":288.47,"end":289.03},{"text":"protests.","start":289.03,"end":289.67}]},{"text":"completely same as in Iran.","start":290.23,"end":291.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"completely","start":290.23,"end":290.67},{"text":"same","start":290.67,"end":290.95},{"text":"as","start":290.95,"end":291.19},{"text":"in","start":291.19,"end":291.35},{"text":"Iran.","start":291.35,"end":291.67}]},{"text":"As all of us know quite well from the media, that even the United States administration some time ago officially questioned the reliability of the Starlink system.","start":293.19,"end":307.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":293.19,"end":293.43},{"text":"all","start":293.43,"end":293.67},{"text":"of","start":293.67,"end":293.75},{"text":"us","start":293.75,"end":293.91},{"text":"know","start":293.91,"end":294.31},{"text":"quite","start":294.71,"end":295.03},{"text":"well","start":295.03,"end":295.27},{"text":"from","start":295.27,"end":295.51},{"text":"the","start":295.51,"end":295.63},{"text":"media,","start":295.63,"end":296.15},{"text":"that","start":297.75,"end":298.39},{"text":"even","start":299.03,"end":299.51},{"text":"the","start":299.51,"end":299.63},{"text":"United","start":299.63,"end":299.99},{"text":"States","start":299.99,"end":300.31},{"text":"administration","start":300.31,"end":301.27},{"text":"some","start":301.59,"end":301.83},{"text":"time","start":301.83,"end":302.07},{"text":"ago","start":302.07,"end":302.47},{"text":"officially","start":302.47,"end":302.95},{"text":"questioned","start":302.95,"end":303.51},{"text":"the","start":303.83,"end":304.03},{"text":"reliability","start":304.03,"end":305.83},{"text":"of","start":306.31,"end":306.39},{"text":"the","start":306.39,"end":306.51},{"text":"Starlink","start":306.51,"end":306.95},{"text":"system.","start":306.95,"end":307.43}]},{"text":"And of course, we are talking not only about Starlink, it is an example, don't get me wrong, there are a lot of such systems operating.","start":308.47,"end":316.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":308.47,"end":308.67},{"text":"of","start":308.67,"end":308.79},{"text":"course,","start":308.79,"end":309.19},{"text":"we","start":309.51,"end":309.67},{"text":"are","start":309.67,"end":309.75},{"text":"talking","start":309.75,"end":310.07},{"text":"not","start":310.07,"end":310.39},{"text":"only","start":310.39,"end":310.67},{"text":"about","start":310.67,"end":310.95},{"text":"Starlink,","start":310.95,"end":311.43},{"text":"it","start":311.43,"end":311.55},{"text":"is","start":311.55,"end":311.71},{"text":"an","start":311.71,"end":311.83},{"text":"example,","start":311.83,"end":312.39},{"text":"don't","start":312.79,"end":313.07},{"text":"get","start":313.07,"end":313.19},{"text":"me","start":313.19,"end":313.31},{"text":"wrong,","start":313.31,"end":313.67},{"text":"there","start":314.15,"end":314.35},{"text":"are","start":314.35,"end":314.43},{"text":"a","start":314.43,"end":314.47},{"text":"lot","start":314.47,"end":314.67},{"text":"of","start":314.67,"end":314.75},{"text":"such","start":314.75,"end":315.03},{"text":"systems","start":315.03,"end":315.51},{"text":"operating.","start":315.51,"end":316.23}]},{"text":"OneWeb, Amazon Kupier, and many, many others.","start":316.95,"end":320.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"OneWeb,","start":316.95,"end":317.43},{"text":"Amazon","start":317.75,"end":318.15},{"text":"Kupier,","start":318.15,"end":318.71},{"text":"and","start":318.71,"end":318.95},{"text":"many,","start":318.95,"end":319.19},{"text":"many","start":319.19,"end":319.59},{"text":"others.","start":319.59,"end":320.07}]},{"text":"So what are the risks of such systems?","start":320.79,"end":322.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":320.79,"end":320.95},{"text":"what","start":320.95,"end":321.19},{"text":"are","start":321.19,"end":321.27},{"text":"the","start":321.27,"end":321.39},{"text":"risks","start":321.39,"end":321.91},{"text":"of","start":321.91,"end":322.07},{"text":"such","start":322.07,"end":322.31},{"text":"systems?","start":322.31,"end":322.87}]},{"text":"Let's sum 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These concerns were tied to the long-term sustainability of outer space activities."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":575.83,"end":575.99},{"text":"example,","start":575.99,"end":576.63},{"text":"the","start":576.63,"end":576.75},{"text":"Russian","start":576.75,"end":577.07},{"text":"side","start":577.07,"end":577.35},{"text":"presented","start":577.35,"end":577.91},{"text":"working","start":577.91,"end":578.23},{"text":"document","start":578.23,"end":581.03},{"text":"A/AC.105/2024/CRP.20","start":581.31,"end":586.79},{"text":"at","start":586.79,"end":587.11},{"text":"this","start":587.59,"end":587.91},{"text":"international","start":587.91,"end":588.55},{"text":"forum,","start":588.55,"end":588.95},{"text":"which","start":589.35,"end":589.59},{"text":"is","start":589.59,"end":589.75},{"text":"called","start":589.75,"end":590.15},{"text":"Use","start":590.23,"end":590.71},{"text":"of","start":590.71,"end":591.03},{"text":"Mega","start":591.03,"end":591.43},{"text":"Constellations","start":591.43,"end":592.31},{"text":"of","start":592.59,"end":592.71},{"text":"Spacecraft,","start":592.71,"end":593.35},{"text":"Civil","start":593.35,"end":593.67},{"text":"Spacecraft","start":593.67,"end":594.47},{"text":"and","start":594.71,"end":594.95},{"text":"Systems","start":594.95,"end":595.51},{"text":"for","start":595.95,"end":596.27},{"text":"undeclared","start":596.39,"end":596.99},{"text":"purposes.","start":596.99,"end":597.71}]},{"text":"So let's unite our efforts in tackling the issues related to the space internet communication systems.","start":598.83,"end":607.63,"topics":[{"key":"leo-regulation","label":"Regulation of LEO Satellite Networks","description":"A central theme was the need for stronger international rules governing low Earth orbit satellite services. 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you so much.","start":638.79,"end":639.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":638.79,"end":639.03},{"text":"you","start":639.03,"end":639.11},{"text":"so","start":639.11,"end":639.27},{"text":"much.","start":639.27,"end":639.67}]},{"text":"And now I would like to give the floor to our esteemed friend, to our co-sponsor, to our very well-known friend, His Excellency, Permanent Representative of Venezuela, Samuel 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Moderator, The unchecked expansion and deployment of low earth orbit satellite internet systems is a troubling issue.","start":679.03,"end":688.79,"topics":[{"key":"leo-regulation","label":"Regulation of LEO Satellite Networks","description":"A central theme was the need for stronger international rules governing low Earth orbit satellite services. 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The discussion emphasized how digital infrastructure can be used to manipulate political narratives and undermine institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":874.99,"end":875.19},{"text":"left","start":875.19,"end":875.51},{"text":"unregulated,","start":875.51,"end":876.47},{"text":"the","start":876.71,"end":876.83},{"text":"use","start":876.87,"end":877.19},{"text":"of","start":877.23,"end":877.35},{"text":"low-orbit","start":877.35,"end":878.15},{"text":"satellite","start":878.15,"end":878.63},{"text":"internet","start":878.63,"end":879.07},{"text":"systems","start":879.07,"end":879.83},{"text":"as","start":880.07,"end":880.23},{"text":"tools","start":880.23,"end":880.67},{"text":"for","start":880.67,"end":880.79},{"text":"interference","start":880.79,"end":881.83},{"text":"could","start":882.15,"end":882.35},{"text":"become","start":882.35,"end":882.67},{"text":"a","start":882.67,"end":882.71},{"text":"new","start":882.71,"end":882.95},{"text":"arena","start":882.95,"end":883.59},{"text":"for","start":883.83,"end":884.15},{"text":"geopolitical","start":884.15,"end":884.87},{"text":"conflict","start":884.87,"end":885.59},{"text":"posing","start":886.11,"end":886.43},{"text":"a","start":886.43,"end":886.51},{"text":"threat","start":886.51,"end":886.99},{"text":"to","start":887.23,"end":887.35},{"text":"the","start":887.35,"end":887.43},{"text":"stability","start":887.43,"end":887.95},{"text":"of","start":887.95,"end":888.11},{"text":"all","start":888.11,"end":888.27},{"text":"nations,","start":888.27,"end":888.99},{"text":"especially","start":889.35,"end":890.11},{"text":"those","start":890.35,"end":890.83},{"text":"in","start":890.83,"end":891.07},{"text":"the","start":891.07,"end":891.43},{"text":"developing","start":891.55,"end":892.19},{"text":"world,","start":892.19,"end":892.59},{"text":"which","start":892.79,"end":893.15},{"text":"often","start":893.15,"end":893.59},{"text":"lacks","start":893.59,"end":893.91},{"text":"the","start":893.91,"end":893.99},{"text":"capacity","start":894.03,"end":894.67},{"text":"to","start":894.67,"end":894.83},{"text":"defend","start":894.83,"end":895.47},{"text":"against","start":895.47,"end":896.07},{"text":"these","start":896.07,"end":896.43},{"text":"assaults","start":896.43,"end":896.99},{"text":"on","start":896.99,"end":897.11},{"text":"their","start":897.11,"end":897.23},{"text":"institutions.","start":897.23,"end":898.11}]},{"text":"Such actions constitute a blatant violation of the Charter of the United Nations and undermine the principles of sovereign equality and non-intervention in the internal affairs of states.","start":899.79,"end":913.63,"topics":[{"key":"state-sovereignty","label":"State Sovereignty and Non-Interference","description":"Multiple speakers argued that low Earth orbit satellite internet systems can be used to bypass national controls and interfere in domestic political processes. They framed this as a violation of sovereignty, non-intervention, and the UN Charter."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":899.79,"end":900.07},{"text":"actions","start":900.11,"end":900.83},{"text":"constitute","start":901.31,"end":902.75},{"text":"a","start":903.15,"end":903.19},{"text":"blatant","start":903.19,"end":903.71},{"text":"violation","start":903.71,"end":904.51},{"text":"of","start":904.51,"end":904.59},{"text":"the","start":904.59,"end":904.71},{"text":"Charter","start":904.75,"end":905.39},{"text":"of","start":905.39,"end":905.47},{"text":"the","start":905.47,"end":905.55},{"text":"United","start":905.55,"end":905.95},{"text":"Nations","start":905.95,"end":906.67},{"text":"and","start":907.07,"end":907.23},{"text":"undermine","start":907.23,"end":907.79},{"text":"the","start":907.79,"end":907.87},{"text":"principles","start":907.87,"end":908.63},{"text":"of","start":908.63,"end":908.75},{"text":"sovereign","start":908.75,"end":909.19},{"text":"equality","start":909.19,"end":909.95},{"text":"and","start":910.19,"end":910.39},{"text":"non-intervention","start":910.39,"end":911.47},{"text":"in","start":911.79,"end":911.95},{"text":"the","start":911.95,"end":912.03},{"text":"internal","start":912.03,"end":912.51},{"text":"affairs","start":912.51,"end":912.91},{"text":"of","start":912.91,"end":912.99},{"text":"states.","start":912.99,"end":913.63}]},{"text":"When private corporations based in foreign territories and wielding the power of global satellite constellations provide connectivity beyond authorized jurisdictions, and that access is used to orchestrate destabilizing political maneuvers, we are not merely facing commercial actors.","start":915.03,"end":936.39,"topics":[{"key":"private-actor-accountability","label":"Accountability of Private Operators","description":"Speakers questioned how private satellite companies should be supervised when their systems affect international peace, armed conflict, or domestic stability. The debate highlighted possible state responsibility for commercial actors operating under their jurisdiction."},{"key":"digital-destabilization","label":"Cyber and Information Destabilization","description":"Speakers linked satellite connectivity to cyberattacks, disinformation campaigns, protest coordination, and alleged coup or election interference. The discussion emphasized how digital infrastructure can be used to manipulate political narratives and undermine institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":915.03,"end":915.35},{"text":"private","start":915.35,"end":915.71},{"text":"corporations","start":915.71,"end":916.71},{"text":"based","start":916.71,"end":917.27},{"text":"in","start":917.27,"end":917.43},{"text":"foreign","start":917.43,"end":917.83},{"text":"territories","start":917.83,"end":918.63},{"text":"and","start":918.95,"end":919.15},{"text":"wielding","start":919.15,"end":919.59},{"text":"the","start":919.59,"end":919.67},{"text":"power","start":919.67,"end":920.07},{"text":"of","start":920.07,"end":920.15},{"text":"global","start":920.15,"end":920.63},{"text":"satellite","start":920.63,"end":921.15},{"text":"constellations","start":921.15,"end":922.15},{"text":"provide","start":922.63,"end":923.03},{"text":"connectivity","start":923.03,"end":923.75},{"text":"beyond","start":923.75,"end":924.39},{"text":"authorized","start":924.39,"end":924.95},{"text":"jurisdictions,","start":924.95,"end":925.91},{"text":"and","start":926.31,"end":926.63},{"text":"that","start":926.63,"end":926.87},{"text":"access","start":926.87,"end":927.51},{"text":"is","start":927.59,"end":927.75},{"text":"used","start":927.75,"end":928.11},{"text":"to","start":928.11,"end":928.19},{"text":"orchestrate","start":928.19,"end":928.99},{"text":"destabilizing","start":928.99,"end":929.99},{"text":"political","start":929.99,"end":930.55},{"text":"maneuvers,","start":930.55,"end":931.27},{"text":"we","start":931.59,"end":931.83},{"text":"are","start":931.83,"end":931.91},{"text":"not","start":931.91,"end":932.31},{"text":"merely","start":932.31,"end":932.71},{"text":"facing","start":932.71,"end":934.15},{"text":"commercial","start":934.47,"end":935.43},{"text":"actors.","start":935.67,"end":936.39}]},{"text":"We confront the alarming weaponization of digital infrastructure, a force that drives chaos and incites civil unrest.","start":937.27,"end":947.03,"topics":[{"key":"digital-destabilization","label":"Cyber and Information Destabilization","description":"Speakers linked satellite connectivity to cyberattacks, disinformation campaigns, protest coordination, and alleged coup or election interference. The discussion emphasized how digital infrastructure can be used to manipulate political narratives and undermine institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":937.27,"end":937.43},{"text":"confront","start":937.43,"end":938.31},{"text":"the","start":938.39,"end":938.55},{"text":"alarming","start":938.55,"end":939.19},{"text":"weaponization","start":939.19,"end":940.31},{"text":"of","start":940.31,"end":940.63},{"text":"digital","start":940.71,"end":941.07},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":941.07,"end":941.99},{"text":"a","start":942.63,"end":942.67},{"text":"force","start":942.71,"end":943.23},{"text":"that","start":943.23,"end":943.35},{"text":"drives","start":943.35,"end":943.91},{"text":"chaos","start":943.91,"end":944.55},{"text":"and","start":944.71,"end":944.95},{"text":"incites","start":944.95,"end":945.75},{"text":"civil","start":945.99,"end":946.35},{"text":"unrest.","start":946.35,"end":947.03}]},{"text":"This case highlights the dangers posed by the privatization of outer space capabilities and the lack of international regulation.","start":948.31,"end":956.15,"topics":[{"key":"private-actor-accountability","label":"Accountability of Private Operators","description":"Speakers questioned how private satellite companies should be supervised when their systems affect international peace, armed conflict, or domestic stability. The debate highlighted possible state responsibility for commercial actors operating under their jurisdiction."},{"key":"leo-regulation","label":"Regulation of LEO Satellite Networks","description":"A central theme was the need for stronger international rules governing low Earth orbit satellite services. Speakers referred to the ITU, COPUOS, and the 2027 World Radiocommunication Conference as key venues for developing regulatory measures."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":948.31,"end":948.55},{"text":"case","start":948.55,"end":948.87},{"text":"highlights","start":948.87,"end":949.35},{"text":"the","start":949.35,"end":949.51},{"text":"dangers","start":949.51,"end":949.99},{"text":"posed","start":949.99,"end":950.35},{"text":"by","start":950.35,"end":950.55},{"text":"the","start":950.55,"end":950.67},{"text":"privatization","start":950.67,"end":951.67},{"text":"of","start":951.67,"end":951.75},{"text":"outer","start":951.75,"end":952.03},{"text":"space","start":952.03,"end":952.55},{"text":"capabilities","start":952.55,"end":953.51},{"text":"and","start":953.99,"end":954.19},{"text":"the","start":954.19,"end":954.27},{"text":"lack","start":954.27,"end":954.59},{"text":"of","start":954.59,"end":954.71},{"text":"international","start":954.71,"end":955.51},{"text":"regulation.","start":955.51,"end":956.15}]},{"text":"Our experience confirm that the same technologies which can facilitate communication between nations can also be used to undermine national security, bypass lawful oversight, and enable information warfare.","start":957.67,"end":973.35,"topics":[{"key":"illegal-terminal-use","label":"Illegal Use of Satellite Terminals","description":"Several statements focused on the unauthorized importation and operation of terminals such as Starlink devices. This was presented as a breach of national licensing systems, spectrum control, and domestic telecommunications law."},{"key":"digital-destabilization","label":"Cyber and Information Destabilization","description":"Speakers linked satellite connectivity to cyberattacks, disinformation campaigns, protest coordination, and alleged coup or election interference. The discussion emphasized how digital infrastructure can be used to manipulate political narratives and undermine institutions."},{"key":"state-sovereignty","label":"State Sovereignty and Non-Interference","description":"Multiple speakers argued that low Earth orbit satellite internet systems can be used to bypass national controls and interfere in domestic political processes. They framed this as a violation of sovereignty, non-intervention, and the UN Charter."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":957.67,"end":957.83},{"text":"experience","start":957.83,"end":958.71},{"text":"confirm","start":959.19,"end":959.99},{"text":"that","start":960.39,"end":960.71},{"text":"the","start":960.71,"end":960.91},{"text":"same","start":960.91,"end":961.35},{"text":"technologies","start":961.35,"end":962.03},{"text":"which","start":962.03,"end":962.31},{"text":"can","start":962.31,"end":962.55},{"text":"facilitate","start":962.55,"end":963.15},{"text":"communication","start":963.15,"end":964.07},{"text":"between","start":964.07,"end":964.43},{"text":"nations","start":964.43,"end":965.11},{"text":"can","start":965.35,"end":965.59},{"text":"also","start":965.59,"end":966.23},{"text":"be","start":966.47,"end":966.67},{"text":"used","start":966.67,"end":966.99},{"text":"to","start":966.99,"end":967.07},{"text":"undermine","start":967.07,"end":967.63},{"text":"national","start":967.63,"end":967.99},{"text":"security,","start":967.99,"end":968.71},{"text":"bypass","start":969.27,"end":969.83},{"text":"lawful","start":969.83,"end":970.31},{"text":"oversight,","start":970.31,"end":971.03},{"text":"and","start":971.43,"end":971.59},{"text":"enable","start":971.59,"end":972.07},{"text":"information","start":972.07,"end":972.75},{"text":"warfare.","start":972.75,"end":973.35}]},{"text":"In armed conflicts, these technologies have already been utilized to coordinate military operations and strikes.","start":975.07,"end":981.75,"topics":[{"key":"military-dual-use","label":"Military and Dual-Use Applications","description":"Another recurring issue was the use of ostensibly civilian satellite systems for military purposes. Speakers cited reconnaissance, drone control, communications in combat zones, and broader concerns about the weaponization of commercial space infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":975.07,"end":975.27},{"text":"armed","start":975.27,"end":975.59},{"text":"conflicts,","start":975.59,"end":976.39},{"text":"these","start":976.63,"end":976.87},{"text":"technologies","start":976.87,"end":977.43},{"text":"have","start":977.43,"end":977.59},{"text":"already","start":977.59,"end":977.95},{"text":"been","start":977.95,"end":978.23},{"text":"utilized","start":978.23,"end":978.83},{"text":"to","start":978.83,"end":978.95},{"text":"coordinate","start":978.95,"end":979.67},{"text":"military","start":979.67,"end":980.11},{"text":"operations","start":980.11,"end":980.87},{"text":"and","start":980.87,"end":981.07},{"text":"strikes.","start":981.07,"end":981.75}]},{"text":"In Venezuela, they were weaponized to attempt a coup d'etat through digital means.","start":982.31,"end":987.67,"topics":[{"key":"digital-destabilization","label":"Cyber and Information Destabilization","description":"Speakers linked satellite connectivity to cyberattacks, disinformation campaigns, protest coordination, and alleged coup or election interference. The discussion emphasized how digital infrastructure can be used to manipulate political narratives and undermine institutions."},{"key":"military-dual-use","label":"Military and Dual-Use Applications","description":"Another recurring issue was the use of ostensibly civilian satellite systems for military purposes. Speakers cited reconnaissance, drone control, communications in combat zones, and broader concerns about the weaponization of commercial space infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":982.31,"end":982.43},{"text":"Venezuela,","start":982.43,"end":983.19},{"text":"they","start":983.59,"end":983.75},{"text":"were","start":983.75,"end":983.99},{"text":"weaponized","start":983.99,"end":984.67},{"text":"to","start":984.67,"end":984.75},{"text":"attempt","start":984.75,"end":985.43},{"text":"a","start":985.43,"end":985.51},{"text":"coup","start":985.51,"end":985.75},{"text":"d'etat","start":985.75,"end":986.15},{"text":"through","start":986.15,"end":986.55},{"text":"digital","start":986.55,"end":987.03},{"text":"means.","start":987.03,"end":987.67}]},{"text":"Mr. Moderator, the international community cannot stay indifferent.","start":989.27,"end":993.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":989.27,"end":989.55},{"text":"Moderator,","start":989.55,"end":990.23},{"text":"the","start":991.03,"end":991.11},{"text":"international","start":991.11,"end":991.71},{"text":"community","start":991.71,"end":992.15},{"text":"cannot","start":992.15,"end":992.55},{"text":"stay","start":992.55,"end":992.83},{"text":"indifferent.","start":992.83,"end":993.75}]},{"text":"The principle of technological neutrality should not be used as a shield for impunity.","start":994.23,"end":999.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":994.23,"end":994.35},{"text":"principle","start":994.35,"end":995.35},{"text":"of","start":995.51,"end":995.63},{"text":"technological","start":995.63,"end":996.31},{"text":"neutrality","start":996.31,"end":997.27},{"text":"should","start":997.35,"end":997.71},{"text":"not","start":997.71,"end":997.83},{"text":"be","start":997.83,"end":997.99},{"text":"used","start":997.99,"end":998.31},{"text":"as","start":998.31,"end":998.39},{"text":"a","start":998.39,"end":998.47},{"text":"shield","start":998.47,"end":998.87},{"text":"for","start":998.87,"end":999.03},{"text":"impunity.","start":999.03,"end":999.91}]},{"text":"when digital tools are weaponized.","start":1000.39,"end":1002.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"when","start":1000.39,"end":1000.67},{"text":"digital","start":1000.67,"end":1001.07},{"text":"tools","start":1001.07,"end":1001.47},{"text":"are","start":1001.47,"end":1001.63},{"text":"weaponized.","start":1001.63,"end":1002.39}]},{"text":"Therefore, Venezuela calls upon the first committee and all UN member states to recognize cyber interventionism through satellite networks as a threat to international peace and security.","start":1003.55,"end":1017.31,"topics":[{"key":"digital-destabilization","label":"Cyber and Information Destabilization","description":"Speakers linked satellite connectivity to cyberattacks, disinformation campaigns, protest coordination, and alleged coup or election interference. The discussion emphasized how digital infrastructure can be used to manipulate political narratives and undermine institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":1003.55,"end":1003.99},{"text":"Venezuela","start":1003.99,"end":1004.51},{"text":"calls","start":1004.51,"end":1004.99},{"text":"upon","start":1004.99,"end":1005.31},{"text":"the","start":1005.31,"end":1005.39},{"text":"first","start":1005.39,"end":1005.67},{"text":"committee","start":1005.67,"end":1006.27},{"text":"and","start":1006.51,"end":1006.75},{"text":"all","start":1006.75,"end":1006.91},{"text":"UN","start":1006.91,"end":1007.15},{"text":"member","start":1007.15,"end":1007.47},{"text":"states","start":1007.47,"end":1007.87},{"text":"to","start":1007.87,"end":1008.35},{"text":"recognize","start":1009.39,"end":1010.19},{"text":"cyber","start":1010.27,"end":1010.79},{"text":"interventionism","start":1010.79,"end":1011.79},{"text":"through","start":1012.51,"end":1012.75},{"text":"satellite","start":1012.75,"end":1013.35},{"text":"networks","start":1013.35,"end":1014.03},{"text":"as","start":1014.27,"end":1014.51},{"text":"a","start":1014.75,"end":1014.79},{"text":"threat","start":1014.79,"end":1015.35},{"text":"to","start":1015.35,"end":1015.43},{"text":"international","start":1015.43,"end":1016.11},{"text":"peace","start":1016.11,"end":1016.43},{"text":"and","start":1016.43,"end":1016.55},{"text":"security.","start":1016.55,"end":1017.31}]},{"text":"Promote discussions including within the permanent mechanism on cyberspace to regulate extraterritorial operations of private satellite internet providers.","start":1018.19,"end":1028.51,"topics":[{"key":"leo-regulation","label":"Regulation of LEO Satellite Networks","description":"A central theme was the need for stronger international rules governing low Earth orbit satellite services. 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The debate highlighted possible state responsibility for commercial actors operating under their jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"Promote","start":1018.19,"end":1018.63},{"text":"discussions","start":1018.63,"end":1019.31},{"text":"including","start":1019.31,"end":1019.79},{"text":"within","start":1019.79,"end":1020.03},{"text":"the","start":1020.03,"end":1020.11},{"text":"permanent","start":1020.11,"end":1020.59},{"text":"mechanism","start":1020.59,"end":1021.11},{"text":"on","start":1021.11,"end":1021.23},{"text":"cyberspace","start":1021.23,"end":1022.59},{"text":"to","start":1023.15,"end":1023.23},{"text":"regulate","start":1023.23,"end":1023.87},{"text":"extraterritorial","start":1023.87,"end":1024.87},{"text":"operations","start":1024.87,"end":1025.79},{"text":"of","start":1026.19,"end":1026.35},{"text":"private","start":1026.35,"end":1026.79},{"text":"satellite","start":1026.79,"end":1027.23},{"text":"internet","start":1027.23,"end":1027.71},{"text":"providers.","start":1027.71,"end":1028.51}]},{"text":"ensure that space-based communications infrastructures respect the sovereignty and national law of all states.","start":1029.43,"end":1037.51,"topics":[{"key":"state-sovereignty","label":"State Sovereignty and Non-Interference","description":"Multiple speakers argued that low Earth orbit satellite internet systems can be used to bypass national controls and interfere in domestic political processes. They framed this as a violation of sovereignty, non-intervention, and the UN Charter."}],"words":[{"text":"ensure","start":1029.43,"end":1030.15},{"text":"that","start":1030.39,"end":1030.71},{"text":"space-based","start":1030.71,"end":1031.43},{"text":"communications","start":1031.43,"end":1032.31},{"text":"infrastructures","start":1032.31,"end":1033.35},{"text":"respect","start":1033.75,"end":1034.23},{"text":"the","start":1034.23,"end":1034.35},{"text":"sovereignty","start":1034.35,"end":1035.11},{"text":"and","start":1035.11,"end":1035.47},{"text":"national","start":1035.47,"end":1036.39},{"text":"law","start":1036.55,"end":1036.63},{"text":"of","start":1036.63,"end":1036.79},{"text":"all","start":1036.79,"end":1036.95},{"text":"states.","start":1036.95,"end":1037.51}]},{"text":"Mr. Moderator, Venezuela reaffirms its commitment to the principle of peace, non-aggression, and international cooperation.","start":1039.59,"end":1046.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":1039.59,"end":1039.91},{"text":"Moderator,","start":1039.91,"end":1040.63},{"text":"Venezuela","start":1040.87,"end":1041.35},{"text":"reaffirms","start":1041.35,"end":1042.03},{"text":"its","start":1042.03,"end":1042.15},{"text":"commitment","start":1042.15,"end":1042.83},{"text":"to","start":1042.83,"end":1042.91},{"text":"the","start":1042.95,"end":1043.07},{"text":"principle","start":1043.11,"end":1043.63},{"text":"of","start":1043.63,"end":1043.75},{"text":"peace,","start":1043.75,"end":1044.31},{"text":"non-aggression,","start":1044.31,"end":1045.11},{"text":"and","start":1045.11,"end":1045.27},{"text":"international","start":1045.27,"end":1045.91},{"text":"cooperation.","start":1045.91,"end":1046.87}]},{"text":"At the same time, we will combat new forms of digital colonialism that aim to undermine our democracies under the guise of connectivity and freedom.","start":1047.39,"end":1058.59,"topics":[{"key":"digital-destabilization","label":"Cyber and Information Destabilization","description":"Speakers linked satellite connectivity to cyberattacks, disinformation campaigns, protest coordination, and alleged coup or election interference. 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These concerns were tied to the long-term sustainability of outer space activities."}],"words":[{"text":"Unregulated","start":1073.19,"end":1073.83},{"text":"operations","start":1073.83,"end":1074.63},{"text":"of","start":1074.63,"end":1074.79},{"text":"mega","start":1074.79,"end":1075.03},{"text":"constellations","start":1075.03,"end":1076.07},{"text":"pose","start":1076.55,"end":1076.87},{"text":"a","start":1076.87,"end":1076.95},{"text":"risk","start":1076.95,"end":1077.31},{"text":"of","start":1077.31,"end":1077.43},{"text":"turning","start":1077.43,"end":1077.99},{"text":"the","start":1077.99,"end":1078.11},{"text":"shared","start":1078.11,"end":1078.63},{"text":"heritage","start":1078.63,"end":1079.07},{"text":"of","start":1079.07,"end":1079.19},{"text":"humanity","start":1079.19,"end":1079.91},{"text":"into","start":1080.23,"end":1080.51},{"text":"a","start":1080.51,"end":1080.55},{"text":"battleground","start":1080.55,"end":1081.23},{"text":"for","start":1081.23,"end":1081.43},{"text":"conflict,","start":1081.43,"end":1082.07},{"text":"pollution","start":1082.31,"end":1082.87},{"text":"and","start":1082.87,"end":1083.07},{"text":"domination.","start":1083.07,"end":1083.83}]},{"text":"Connectivity should not come at the cost of sovereignty.","start":1084.79,"end":1087.99,"topics":[{"key":"state-sovereignty","label":"State Sovereignty and Non-Interference","description":"Multiple speakers argued that low Earth orbit satellite internet systems can be used to bypass national controls and interfere in domestic political processes. They framed this as a violation of sovereignty, non-intervention, and the UN Charter."}],"words":[{"text":"Connectivity","start":1084.79,"end":1085.75},{"text":"should","start":1085.91,"end":1086.19},{"text":"not","start":1086.19,"end":1086.39},{"text":"come","start":1086.39,"end":1086.67},{"text":"at","start":1086.67,"end":1086.75},{"text":"the","start":1086.75,"end":1086.83},{"text":"cost","start":1086.87,"end":1087.19},{"text":"of","start":1087.19,"end":1087.27},{"text":"sovereignty.","start":1087.27,"end":1087.99}]},{"text":"peace or the collective security of nations.","start":1088.55,"end":1090.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"peace","start":1088.55,"end":1088.87},{"text":"or","start":1088.87,"end":1089.03},{"text":"the","start":1089.03,"end":1089.11},{"text":"collective","start":1089.11,"end":1089.51},{"text":"security","start":1089.51,"end":1090.03},{"text":"of","start":1090.03,"end":1090.15},{"text":"nations.","start":1090.15,"end":1090.79}]},{"text":"Therefore, let this meeting serve as a first step toward restoring balance and responsibility in governance of both outer space and cyberspace.","start":1091.43,"end":1101.91,"topics":[{"key":"leo-regulation","label":"Regulation of LEO Satellite Networks","description":"A central theme was the need for stronger international rules governing low Earth orbit satellite services. Speakers referred to the ITU, COPUOS, and the 2027 World Radiocommunication Conference as key venues for developing regulatory measures."},{"key":"private-actor-accountability","label":"Accountability of Private Operators","description":"Speakers questioned how private satellite companies should be supervised when their systems affect international peace, armed conflict, or domestic stability. 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They framed this as a violation of sovereignty, non-intervention, and the UN Charter."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1123.39,"end":1123.63},{"text":"by","start":1123.63,"end":1123.87},{"text":"the","start":1123.87,"end":1123.95},{"text":"way,","start":1123.95,"end":1124.07},{"text":"we","start":1124.07,"end":1124.35},{"text":"have","start":1125.31,"end":1125.63},{"text":"two","start":1125.63,"end":1125.87},{"text":"cases,","start":1125.87,"end":1126.27},{"text":"very","start":1126.27,"end":1126.55},{"text":"serious","start":1126.55,"end":1126.99},{"text":"cases,","start":1126.99,"end":1127.95},{"text":"in","start":1128.03,"end":1128.35},{"text":"Iran","start":1128.35,"end":1128.83},{"text":"and","start":1129.47,"end":1129.63},{"text":"in","start":1129.63,"end":1129.83},{"text":"Venezuela,","start":1129.83,"end":1130.51},{"text":"which","start":1131.19,"end":1131.55},{"text":"are","start":1131.55,"end":1132.03},{"text":"very,","start":1132.63,"end":1132.99},{"text":"you","start":1133.47,"end":1133.67},{"text":"see,","start":1133.67,"end":1133.95},{"text":"all","start":1136.03,"end":1136.23},{"text":"the","start":1136.23,"end":1136.31},{"text":"media","start":1136.31,"end":1136.75},{"text":"discuss","start":1137.07,"end":1137.71},{"text":"these","start":1137.87,"end":1138.11},{"text":"two","start":1138.11,"end":1138.31},{"text":"issues.","start":1138.31,"end":1138.67}]},{"text":"But after the issue in Venezuela in 2024, we decided to work with our partners to identify where in which countries such satellite systems are used illegally as well.","start":1139.19,"end":1157.19,"topics":[{"key":"illegal-terminal-use","label":"Illegal Use of Satellite Terminals","description":"Several statements focused on the unauthorized importation and operation of terminals such as Starlink devices. This was presented as a breach of national licensing systems, spectrum control, and domestic telecommunications law."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1139.19,"end":1139.59},{"text":"after","start":1140.07,"end":1140.55},{"text":"the","start":1140.87,"end":1140.99},{"text":"issue","start":1140.99,"end":1141.43},{"text":"in","start":1141.43,"end":1141.59},{"text":"Venezuela","start":1141.59,"end":1142.59},{"text":"in","start":1142.59,"end":1142.71},{"text":"2024,","start":1142.71,"end":1143.43},{"text":"we","start":1143.99,"end":1144.19},{"text":"decided","start":1144.19,"end":1144.71},{"text":"to","start":1145.11,"end":1145.99},{"text":"work","start":1145.99,"end":1146.27},{"text":"with","start":1146.27,"end":1146.47},{"text":"our","start":1146.47,"end":1146.71},{"text":"partners","start":1146.71,"end":1147.43},{"text":"to","start":1147.91,"end":1148.15},{"text":"identify","start":1148.15,"end":1149.27},{"text":"where","start":1149.95,"end":1150.47},{"text":"in","start":1150.87,"end":1151.03},{"text":"which","start":1151.03,"end":1151.27},{"text":"countries","start":1151.27,"end":1151.91},{"text":"such","start":1153.27,"end":1153.75},{"text":"satellite","start":1153.83,"end":1154.31},{"text":"systems","start":1154.31,"end":1154.95},{"text":"are","start":1155.35,"end":1155.59},{"text":"used","start":1155.59,"end":1155.99},{"text":"illegally","start":1156.15,"end":1156.71},{"text":"as","start":1156.71,"end":1156.95},{"text":"well.","start":1156.95,"end":1157.19}]},{"text":"And you will be very surprised.","start":1157.99,"end":1161.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1157.99,"end":1158.39},{"text":"you","start":1158.71,"end":1158.87},{"text":"will","start":1158.87,"end":1159.03},{"text":"be","start":1159.03,"end":1159.27},{"text":"very","start":1160.47,"end":1160.71},{"text":"surprised.","start":1160.71,"end":1161.39}]},{"text":"At least 10 countries confirmed us that They have cases of illegal use of such systems.","start":1161.51,"end":1171.75,"topics":[{"key":"illegal-terminal-use","label":"Illegal Use of Satellite Terminals","description":"Several statements focused on the unauthorized importation and operation of terminals such as Starlink devices. This was presented as a breach of national licensing systems, spectrum control, and domestic telecommunications law."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":1161.51,"end":1161.67},{"text":"least","start":1161.67,"end":1162.11},{"text":"10","start":1162.11,"end":1162.31},{"text":"countries","start":1162.31,"end":1162.95},{"text":"confirmed","start":1163.19,"end":1163.75},{"text":"us","start":1163.75,"end":1163.99},{"text":"that","start":1164.71,"end":1165.19},{"text":"They","start":1167.35,"end":1167.43},{"text":"have","start":1167.43,"end":1167.67},{"text":"cases","start":1167.67,"end":1168.95},{"text":"of","start":1169.27,"end":1169.51},{"text":"illegal","start":1169.51,"end":1169.91},{"text":"use","start":1169.91,"end":1170.39},{"text":"of","start":1170.79,"end":1170.95},{"text":"such","start":1170.95,"end":1171.19},{"text":"systems.","start":1171.19,"end":1171.75}]},{"text":"And next, I would like to give the floor to our next speaker, His Excellency Permanent Representative Jaime Castillo from Nicaragua.","start":1172.87,"end":1185.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1172.87,"end":1173.19},{"text":"next,","start":1173.59,"end":1173.91},{"text":"I","start":1173.91,"end":1173.95},{"text":"would","start":1173.95,"end":1174.07},{"text":"like","start":1174.07,"end":1174.23},{"text":"to","start":1174.39,"end":1174.79},{"text":"give","start":1174.79,"end":1174.99},{"text":"the","start":1174.99,"end":1175.11},{"text":"floor","start":1175.11,"end":1175.59},{"text":"to","start":1175.75,"end":1176.07},{"text":"our","start":1176.07,"end":1176.55},{"text":"next","start":1177.11,"end":1177.35},{"text":"speaker,","start":1177.35,"end":1177.83},{"text":"His","start":1178.55,"end":1178.79},{"text":"Excellency","start":1178.79,"end":1179.67},{"text":"Permanent","start":1180.03,"end":1180.59},{"text":"Representative","start":1180.59,"end":1181.35},{"text":"Jaime","start":1181.59,"end":1181.91},{"text":"Castillo","start":1181.91,"end":1182.55},{"text":"from","start":1183.27,"end":1183.75},{"text":"Nicaragua.","start":1184.47,"end":1185.19}]},{"text":"So what about Nicaragua?","start":1185.91,"end":1187.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1185.91,"end":1186.27},{"text":"what","start":1186.27,"end":1186.55},{"text":"about","start":1186.55,"end":1186.87},{"text":"Nicaragua?","start":1186.87,"end":1187.35}]},{"text":"So what is going on?","start":1187.35,"end":1188.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1187.35,"end":1187.51},{"text":"what","start":1187.51,"end":1187.79},{"text":"is","start":1187.79,"end":1187.91},{"text":"going","start":1187.91,"end":1188.15},{"text":"on?","start":1188.15,"end":1188.31}]},{"text":"So probably you also have cases of illegal use of such systems.","start":1188.31,"end":1192.31,"topics":[{"key":"illegal-terminal-use","label":"Illegal Use of Satellite Terminals","description":"Several statements focused on the unauthorized importation and operation of terminals such as Starlink devices. This was presented as a breach of national licensing systems, spectrum control, and domestic telecommunications law."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1188.31,"end":1188.47},{"text":"probably","start":1188.55,"end":1188.99},{"text":"you","start":1188.99,"end":1189.11},{"text":"also","start":1189.11,"end":1189.51},{"text":"have","start":1189.51,"end":1189.75},{"text":"cases","start":1189.75,"end":1190.47},{"text":"of","start":1190.63,"end":1190.79},{"text":"illegal","start":1190.79,"end":1191.19},{"text":"use","start":1191.19,"end":1191.43},{"text":"of","start":1191.43,"end":1191.55},{"text":"such","start":1191.55,"end":1191.75},{"text":"systems.","start":1191.75,"end":1192.31}]},{"text":"Thank you, sir.","start":1192.71,"end":1193.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1192.71,"end":1192.91},{"text":"you,","start":1192.91,"end":1193.03},{"text":"sir.","start":1193.03,"end":1193.35}]},{"text":"Floor is yours.","start":1193.39,"end":1194.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Floor","start":1193.39,"end":1193.67},{"text":"is","start":1193.75,"end":1193.99},{"text":"yours.","start":1193.99,"end":1194.19}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Boris Vasiliev","affiliation":"RUS","affiliation_full":"Russian Federation","group":null,"function":"Head of Division, Department of International Information Security"}},{"statement_number":4,"start":1199.27,"pageUrl":"/fr/asset/k1m/k1mscnbdbu?lang=en&t=1200","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Moderator, and good morning to all of you.","start":1199.27,"end":1204.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1199.27,"end":1199.51},{"text":"you,","start":1199.51,"end":1199.75},{"text":"Mr.","start":1200.23,"end":1200.95},{"text":"Moderator,","start":1201.11,"end":1201.91},{"text":"and","start":1202.03,"end":1202.31},{"text":"good","start":1202.55,"end":1202.75},{"text":"morning","start":1202.75,"end":1203.11},{"text":"to","start":1203.11,"end":1203.35},{"text":"all","start":1203.55,"end":1203.71},{"text":"of","start":1203.71,"end":1203.83},{"text":"you.","start":1203.83,"end":1204.15}]},{"text":"Of course, you know, Nicaragua has also had some cases on the 2018, which was the failed attempt of coup d'etat.","start":1204.87,"end":1213.71,"topics":[{"key":"digital-destabilization","label":"Cyber and Information Destabilization","description":"Speakers linked satellite connectivity to cyberattacks, disinformation campaigns, protest coordination, and alleged coup or election interference. 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The discussion emphasized how digital infrastructure can be used to manipulate political narratives and undermine institutions."},{"key":"state-sovereignty","label":"State Sovereignty and Non-Interference","description":"Multiple speakers argued that low Earth orbit satellite internet systems can be used to bypass national controls and interfere in domestic political processes. They framed this as a violation of sovereignty, non-intervention, and the UN Charter."},{"key":"leo-regulation","label":"Regulation of LEO Satellite Networks","description":"A central theme was the need for stronger international rules governing low Earth orbit satellite services. 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Speakers referred to the ITU, COPUOS, and the 2027 World Radiocommunication Conference as key venues for developing regulatory measures."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1248.95,"end":1249.11},{"text":"also","start":1249.11,"end":1249.43},{"text":"join","start":1249.51,"end":1249.91},{"text":"you","start":1249.91,"end":1250.23},{"text":"to","start":1251.19,"end":1251.35},{"text":"congratulate","start":1251.35,"end":1252.19},{"text":"China","start":1252.19,"end":1252.71},{"text":"for","start":1253.15,"end":1253.35},{"text":"the","start":1253.35,"end":1253.43},{"text":"holding","start":1253.43,"end":1254.07},{"text":"of","start":1254.43,"end":1254.51},{"text":"the","start":1254.55,"end":1254.75},{"text":"important","start":1254.75,"end":1255.39},{"text":"conference","start":1255.39,"end":1256.11},{"text":"in","start":1256.15,"end":1256.55},{"text":"2027.","start":1256.71,"end":1257.51}]},{"text":"Nicaragua observes that deep, with deep concern, the rise of the so-called low orbit satellite internet system platform that although the rise under the discourse of technological progress and universal connectivity pose substantive risk to national sovereignty, sociopolitical stability, and the international order based on mutual respect among states.","start":1258.79,"end":1285.71,"topics":[{"key":"state-sovereignty","label":"State Sovereignty and Non-Interference","description":"Multiple speakers argued that low Earth orbit satellite internet systems can be used to bypass national controls and interfere in domestic political processes. 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This was presented as a breach of national licensing systems, spectrum control, and domestic telecommunications law."}],"words":[{"text":"Nicaragua","start":1373.39,"end":1373.95},{"text":"recognize","start":1373.95,"end":1374.75},{"text":"that","start":1375.07,"end":1375.47},{"text":"the","start":1375.87,"end":1375.99},{"text":"prior","start":1376.03,"end":1376.59},{"text":"free","start":1376.59,"end":1376.91},{"text":"and","start":1376.91,"end":1377.07},{"text":"express","start":1377.07,"end":1377.51},{"text":"consent","start":1377.51,"end":1378.19},{"text":"of","start":1378.23,"end":1378.35},{"text":"the","start":1378.35,"end":1378.47},{"text":"state","start":1378.47,"end":1378.91},{"text":"is","start":1378.99,"end":1379.23},{"text":"an","start":1379.23,"end":1379.31},{"text":"indispensable","start":1379.31,"end":1380.19},{"text":"condition","start":1380.19,"end":1380.91},{"text":"for","start":1380.91,"end":1381.15},{"text":"any","start":1381.15,"end":1381.63},{"text":"provision","start":1381.63,"end":1382.31},{"text":"of","start":1382.31,"end":1382.39},{"text":"satellite","start":1382.39,"end":1382.95},{"text":"connectivity","start":1382.95,"end":1384.07},{"text":"in","start":1384.07,"end":1384.15},{"text":"its","start":1384.15,"end":1384.35},{"text":"territory.","start":1384.35,"end":1385.15}]},{"text":"We note that any operation must be in accordance with national law, licensing, and sovereign control of the spectrum.","start":1386.07,"end":1393.23,"topics":[{"key":"illegal-terminal-use","label":"Illegal Use of Satellite Terminals","description":"Several statements focused on the unauthorized importation and operation of terminals such as Starlink devices. This was presented as a breach of national licensing systems, spectrum control, and domestic telecommunications law."},{"key":"state-sovereignty","label":"State Sovereignty and Non-Interference","description":"Multiple speakers argued that low Earth orbit satellite internet systems can be used to bypass national controls and interfere in domestic political processes. They framed this as a violation of sovereignty, non-intervention, and the UN Charter."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1386.07,"end":1386.23},{"text":"note","start":1386.23,"end":1386.55},{"text":"that","start":1386.55,"end":1386.87},{"text":"any","start":1386.87,"end":1387.19},{"text":"operation","start":1387.19,"end":1387.95},{"text":"must","start":1387.95,"end":1388.11},{"text":"be","start":1388.11,"end":1388.27},{"text":"in","start":1388.27,"end":1388.39},{"text":"accordance","start":1388.39,"end":1389.03},{"text":"with","start":1389.11,"end":1389.31},{"text":"national","start":1389.31,"end":1389.83},{"text":"law,","start":1389.91,"end":1390.11},{"text":"licensing,","start":1390.63,"end":1391.43},{"text":"and","start":1391.43,"end":1391.63},{"text":"sovereign","start":1391.63,"end":1392.03},{"text":"control","start":1392.03,"end":1392.59},{"text":"of","start":1392.59,"end":1392.67},{"text":"the","start":1392.67,"end":1392.75},{"text":"spectrum.","start":1392.75,"end":1393.23}]},{"text":"Mr. Moderator, low orbit satellite internet system cannot become a technological shortcut to interfere in the internal affairs of state or to weaken their national security.","start":1394.39,"end":1407.91,"topics":[{"key":"state-sovereignty","label":"State Sovereignty and Non-Interference","description":"Multiple speakers argued that low Earth orbit satellite internet systems can be used to bypass national controls and interfere in domestic political processes. They framed this as a violation of sovereignty, non-intervention, and the UN Charter."},{"key":"digital-destabilization","label":"Cyber and Information Destabilization","description":"Speakers linked satellite connectivity to cyberattacks, disinformation campaigns, protest coordination, and alleged coup or election interference. The discussion emphasized how digital infrastructure can be used to manipulate political narratives and undermine institutions."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":1394.39,"end":1394.67},{"text":"Moderator,","start":1394.67,"end":1395.35},{"text":"low","start":1395.99,"end":1396.23},{"text":"orbit","start":1396.23,"end":1396.79},{"text":"satellite","start":1396.79,"end":1397.35},{"text":"internet","start":1397.35,"end":1397.91},{"text":"system","start":1397.91,"end":1398.47},{"text":"cannot","start":1398.87,"end":1399.27},{"text":"become","start":1399.27,"end":1399.83},{"text":"a","start":1399.91,"end":1399.95},{"text":"technological","start":1399.95,"end":1400.95},{"text":"shortcut","start":1401.03,"end":1401.71},{"text":"to","start":1401.71,"end":1401.83},{"text":"interfere","start":1401.83,"end":1402.79},{"text":"in","start":1403.11,"end":1403.35},{"text":"the","start":1403.35,"end":1403.47},{"text":"internal","start":1403.47,"end":1404.27},{"text":"affairs","start":1404.27,"end":1404.67},{"text":"of","start":1404.67,"end":1404.75},{"text":"state","start":1404.75,"end":1405.27},{"text":"or","start":1405.67,"end":1405.91},{"text":"to","start":1405.91,"end":1406.07},{"text":"weaken","start":1406.07,"end":1406.55},{"text":"their","start":1406.55,"end":1406.71},{"text":"national","start":1406.71,"end":1407.19},{"text":"security.","start":1407.19,"end":1407.91}]},{"text":"Nicaragua defend and promote innovation at the service of human development, and but not as an instrument of imperial domination.","start":1408.71,"end":1418.79,"topics":[{"key":"connectivity-and-digital-divide","label":"Connectivity Benefits and the Digital Divide","description":"While the meeting focused on risks, several speakers also acknowledged the developmental advantages of satellite internet, such as broader coverage, lower latency, and access for remote areas. The tension between these benefits and the need for regulation was a consistent theme."}],"words":[{"text":"Nicaragua","start":1408.71,"end":1409.43},{"text":"defend","start":1409.83,"end":1410.27},{"text":"and","start":1410.27,"end":1410.39},{"text":"promote","start":1410.39,"end":1410.79},{"text":"innovation","start":1410.79,"end":1411.59},{"text":"at","start":1411.99,"end":1412.11},{"text":"the","start":1412.11,"end":1412.27},{"text":"service","start":1412.27,"end":1412.79},{"text":"of","start":1412.79,"end":1412.87},{"text":"human","start":1412.87,"end":1413.27},{"text":"development,","start":1413.27,"end":1414.03},{"text":"and","start":1414.55,"end":1414.79},{"text":"but","start":1414.87,"end":1415.11},{"text":"not","start":1415.11,"end":1415.51},{"text":"as","start":1415.51,"end":1415.71},{"text":"an","start":1415.71,"end":1415.83},{"text":"instrument","start":1415.91,"end":1416.47},{"text":"of","start":1416.79,"end":1417.11},{"text":"imperial","start":1417.35,"end":1418.07},{"text":"domination.","start":1418.07,"end":1418.79}]},{"text":"We reaffirm our support for the development and connectivity without interference, the provision of technological cooperation in respect of sovereignty and for the promotion of digital progress in accordance with international law, the UN charter and the constitution of each of our respective countries.","start":1419.67,"end":1440.55,"topics":[{"key":"connectivity-and-digital-divide","label":"Connectivity Benefits and the Digital Divide","description":"While the meeting focused on risks, several speakers also acknowledged the developmental advantages of satellite internet, such as broader coverage, lower latency, and access for remote areas. 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They framed this as a violation of sovereignty, non-intervention, and the UN Charter."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1419.67,"end":1419.91},{"text":"reaffirm","start":1419.91,"end":1420.63},{"text":"our","start":1420.63,"end":1420.79},{"text":"support","start":1420.79,"end":1421.35},{"text":"for","start":1421.35,"end":1421.59},{"text":"the","start":1421.59,"end":1421.75},{"text":"development","start":1421.75,"end":1422.27},{"text":"and","start":1422.31,"end":1422.43},{"text":"connectivity","start":1422.43,"end":1423.27},{"text":"without","start":1423.27,"end":1423.67},{"text":"interference,","start":1423.67,"end":1424.55},{"text":"the","start":1425.03,"end":1425.19},{"text":"provision","start":1425.19,"end":1425.75},{"text":"of","start":1425.79,"end":1425.87},{"text":"technological","start":1425.87,"end":1426.63},{"text":"cooperation","start":1426.63,"end":1427.43},{"text":"in","start":1427.43,"end":1427.67},{"text":"respect","start":1427.67,"end":1428.31},{"text":"of","start":1428.31,"end":1428.55},{"text":"sovereignty","start":1428.55,"end":1429.35},{"text":"and","start":1429.83,"end":1430.15},{"text":"for","start":1430.15,"end":1430.39},{"text":"the","start":1430.39,"end":1430.51},{"text":"promotion","start":1430.51,"end":1431.11},{"text":"of","start":1431.15,"end":1431.27},{"text":"digital","start":1431.27,"end":1431.75},{"text":"progress","start":1431.75,"end":1432.31},{"text":"in","start":1432.63,"end":1432.87},{"text":"accordance","start":1432.87,"end":1433.43},{"text":"with","start":1433.43,"end":1433.63},{"text":"international","start":1433.67,"end":1434.91},{"text":"law,","start":1434.91,"end":1434.99},{"text":"the","start":1435.43,"end":1435.55},{"text":"UN","start":1435.59,"end":1436.07},{"text":"charter","start":1436.07,"end":1436.63},{"text":"and","start":1436.63,"end":1436.83},{"text":"the","start":1436.83,"end":1436.91},{"text":"constitution","start":1436.91,"end":1437.67},{"text":"of","start":1437.67,"end":1437.91},{"text":"each","start":1438.07,"end":1438.31},{"text":"of","start":1438.43,"end":1438.55},{"text":"our","start":1438.55,"end":1438.87},{"text":"respective","start":1439.51,"end":1440.03},{"text":"countries.","start":1440.03,"end":1440.55}]},{"text":"I thank you, sir.","start":1441.11,"end":1441.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1441.11,"end":1441.27},{"text":"thank","start":1441.27,"end":1441.51},{"text":"you,","start":1441.51,"end":1441.59},{"text":"sir.","start":1441.59,"end":1441.91}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Jaime Castillo","affiliation":"NIC","affiliation_full":"Nicaragua","group":null,"function":"Permanent Representative"}},{"statement_number":5,"start":1444.39,"pageUrl":"/fr/asset/k1m/k1mscnbdbu?lang=en&t=1445","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Excellency.","start":1444.39,"end":1445.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1444.39,"end":1444.51},{"text":"you,","start":1444.51,"end":1444.63},{"text":"Excellency.","start":1444.63,"end":1445.39}]},{"text":"I would like to echo all your words.","start":1446.99,"end":1449.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1446.99,"end":1447.07},{"text":"would","start":1447.07,"end":1447.23},{"text":"like","start":1447.23,"end":1447.39},{"text":"to","start":1447.39,"end":1447.55},{"text":"echo","start":1447.55,"end":1447.87},{"text":"all","start":1448.27,"end":1448.51},{"text":"your","start":1448.51,"end":1448.75},{"text":"words.","start":1448.75,"end":1449.15}]},{"text":"They are very important.","start":1450.51,"end":1451.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":1450.51,"end":1450.63},{"text":"are","start":1450.63,"end":1450.83},{"text":"very","start":1450.83,"end":1450.99},{"text":"important.","start":1450.99,"end":1451.63}]},{"text":"In order to continue this discussion, in order to hold World Radio Conference in 2027, to make joint efforts in order to limit illegal functioning of such systems, we completely agree that it is very important to work together.","start":1452.91,"end":1473.71,"topics":[{"key":"leo-regulation","label":"Regulation of LEO Satellite Networks","description":"A central theme was the need for stronger international rules governing low Earth orbit satellite services. Speakers referred to the ITU, COPUOS, and the 2027 World Radiocommunication Conference as key venues for developing regulatory measures."},{"key":"illegal-terminal-use","label":"Illegal Use of Satellite Terminals","description":"Several statements focused on the unauthorized importation and operation of terminals such as Starlink devices. This was presented as a breach of national licensing systems, spectrum control, and domestic telecommunications law."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1452.91,"end":1453.07},{"text":"order","start":1453.07,"end":1453.39},{"text":"to","start":1453.39,"end":1453.79},{"text":"continue","start":1453.95,"end":1454.51},{"text":"this","start":1454.59,"end":1454.83},{"text":"discussion,","start":1454.83,"end":1455.43},{"text":"in","start":1455.43,"end":1455.55},{"text":"order","start":1455.55,"end":1455.87},{"text":"to","start":1455.87,"end":1455.95},{"text":"hold","start":1455.95,"end":1456.35},{"text":"World","start":1456.75,"end":1457.19},{"text":"Radio","start":1457.19,"end":1457.39},{"text":"Conference","start":1457.39,"end":1458.11},{"text":"in","start":1458.11,"end":1458.27},{"text":"2027,","start":1458.27,"end":1459.55},{"text":"to","start":1460.19,"end":1460.59},{"text":"make","start":1460.99,"end":1461.55},{"text":"joint","start":1461.79,"end":1462.11},{"text":"efforts","start":1462.11,"end":1462.75},{"text":"in","start":1463.71,"end":1463.87},{"text":"order","start":1463.87,"end":1464.19},{"text":"to","start":1464.19,"end":1464.59},{"text":"limit","start":1465.31,"end":1465.95},{"text":"illegal","start":1466.51,"end":1466.99},{"text":"functioning","start":1467.23,"end":1467.79},{"text":"of","start":1467.79,"end":1467.95},{"text":"such","start":1467.95,"end":1468.19},{"text":"systems,","start":1468.19,"end":1468.83},{"text":"we","start":1469.47,"end":1469.71},{"text":"completely","start":1469.71,"end":1470.23},{"text":"agree","start":1470.23,"end":1470.59},{"text":"that","start":1470.59,"end":1470.99},{"text":"it","start":1471.31,"end":1471.39},{"text":"is","start":1471.39,"end":1471.55},{"text":"very","start":1471.55,"end":1471.71},{"text":"important","start":1471.71,"end":1472.23},{"text":"to","start":1472.23,"end":1472.51},{"text":"work","start":1472.99,"end":1473.23},{"text":"together.","start":1473.23,"end":1473.71}]},{"text":"Next speaker in my list is Mr. Carlos Prieto Lastra, Director General of Cuban Radio Spectrum Agency.","start":1475.39,"end":1485.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Next","start":1475.39,"end":1475.71},{"text":"speaker","start":1475.71,"end":1476.03},{"text":"in","start":1476.19,"end":1476.39},{"text":"my","start":1476.39,"end":1476.51},{"text":"list","start":1476.51,"end":1477.07},{"text":"is","start":1477.07,"end":1477.39},{"text":"Mr.","start":1477.55,"end":1478.11},{"text":"Carlos","start":1478.91,"end":1479.55},{"text":"Prieto","start":1480.03,"end":1480.47},{"text":"Lastra,","start":1480.99,"end":1481.87},{"text":"Director","start":1482.19,"end":1482.67},{"text":"General","start":1482.67,"end":1483.15},{"text":"of","start":1483.23,"end":1483.47},{"text":"Cuban","start":1483.47,"end":1483.95},{"text":"Radio","start":1483.95,"end":1484.43},{"text":"Spectrum","start":1484.43,"end":1485.07},{"text":"Agency.","start":1485.15,"end":1485.71}]},{"text":"We have pre-recorded statement.","start":1485.95,"end":1487.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1485.95,"end":1486.19},{"text":"have","start":1486.19,"end":1486.35},{"text":"pre-recorded","start":1486.35,"end":1487.15},{"text":"statement.","start":1487.15,"end":1487.79}]},{"text":"So please, could you please start the statement?","start":1488.43,"end":1492.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":1488.43,"end":1488.83},{"text":"please,","start":1488.83,"end":1489.31},{"text":"could","start":1490.19,"end":1490.39},{"text":"you","start":1490.39,"end":1490.47},{"text":"please","start":1490.47,"end":1490.75},{"text":"start","start":1490.75,"end":1490.99},{"text":"the","start":1491.11,"end":1491.19},{"text":"statement?","start":1491.31,"end":1492.11}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":1492.11,"end":1492.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1492.11,"end":1492.35},{"text":"you.","start":1492.35,"end":1492.43}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Boris Vasiliev","affiliation":"RUS","affiliation_full":"Russian Federation","group":null,"function":"Head of Division, Department of International Information Security"}},{"statement_number":6,"start":1501.82,"pageUrl":"/fr/asset/k1m/k1mscnbdbu?lang=en&t=1502","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. President, I convey a sincere gratitude to the delegation of the Federation of Russia by the invitation to this important parallel event in a context in which the dual use of low-orbit satellites represents a serious danger to the national security of states.","start":1501.82,"end":1522.07,"topics":[{"key":"military-dual-use","label":"Military and Dual-Use Applications","description":"Another recurring issue was the use of ostensibly civilian satellite systems for military purposes. Speakers cited reconnaissance, drone control, communications in combat zones, and broader concerns about the weaponization of commercial space infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":1501.82,"end":1502.3},{"text":"President,","start":1502.3,"end":1502.98},{"text":"I","start":1502.98,"end":1503.02},{"text":"convey","start":1503.62,"end":1504.42},{"text":"a","start":1504.42,"end":1504.46},{"text":"sincere","start":1504.46,"end":1505.18},{"text":"gratitude","start":1505.18,"end":1505.86},{"text":"to","start":1505.86,"end":1506.06},{"text":"the","start":1506.06,"end":1506.14},{"text":"delegation","start":1506.18,"end":1506.82},{"text":"of","start":1506.82,"end":1506.9},{"text":"the","start":1506.9,"end":1506.98},{"text":"Federation","start":1507.02,"end":1507.66},{"text":"of","start":1507.66,"end":1507.74},{"text":"Russia","start":1507.74,"end":1508.14},{"text":"by","start":1508.83,"end":1508.87},{"text":"the","start":1508.87,"end":1508.95},{"text":"invitation","start":1508.95,"end":1509.75},{"text":"to","start":1509.75,"end":1510.03},{"text":"this","start":1510.03,"end":1510.15},{"text":"important","start":1510.15,"end":1511.43},{"text":"parallel","start":1511.43,"end":1511.91},{"text":"event","start":1511.91,"end":1512.15},{"text":"in","start":1512.55,"end":1512.87},{"text":"a","start":1512.87,"end":1512.91},{"text":"context","start":1512.91,"end":1513.67},{"text":"in","start":1514.07,"end":1514.23},{"text":"which","start":1514.23,"end":1514.39},{"text":"the","start":1514.39,"end":1514.47},{"text":"dual","start":1514.55,"end":1514.91},{"text":"use","start":1514.91,"end":1515.19},{"text":"of","start":1515.19,"end":1515.27},{"text":"low-orbit","start":1515.27,"end":1515.91},{"text":"satellites","start":1515.91,"end":1517.19},{"text":"represents","start":1517.67,"end":1518.31},{"text":"a","start":1518.31,"end":1518.43},{"text":"serious","start":1518.43,"end":1519.51},{"text":"danger","start":1519.59,"end":1520.27},{"text":"to","start":1520.27,"end":1520.35},{"text":"the","start":1520.35,"end":1520.47},{"text":"national","start":1520.47,"end":1521.19},{"text":"security","start":1521.31,"end":1521.79},{"text":"of","start":1521.79,"end":1521.87},{"text":"states.","start":1521.87,"end":1522.07}]},{"text":"The technological advance and the possibilities of improvements in telecommunications provided by non-geostationary low-orbit satellite systems are unquestionable in terms of improvements de ancho de banda, velocidad de transmisión, baja latencia y cobertura mundial a bajo costo.","start":1523.07,"end":1546.11,"topics":[{"key":"connectivity-and-digital-divide","label":"Connectivity Benefits and the Digital Divide","description":"While the meeting focused on risks, several speakers also acknowledged the developmental advantages of satellite internet, such as broader coverage, lower latency, and access for remote areas. 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This was presented as a breach of national licensing systems, spectrum control, and domestic telecommunications law."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1607.55,"end":1607.67},{"text":"violates","start":1607.67,"end":1608.19},{"text":"our","start":1608.19,"end":1608.31},{"text":"national","start":1608.31,"end":1608.75},{"text":"sovereignty","start":1608.75,"end":1609.27},{"text":"and","start":1609.27,"end":1609.47},{"text":"violates","start":1609.47,"end":1609.95},{"text":"what","start":1610.51,"end":1610.99},{"text":"is","start":1610.99,"end":1611.07},{"text":"established","start":1611.07,"end":1611.51},{"text":"in","start":1611.51,"end":1611.63},{"text":"our","start":1611.67,"end":1611.91},{"text":"internal","start":1611.91,"end":1612.87},{"text":"regulations,","start":1612.87,"end":1613.75},{"text":"in","start":1614.07,"end":1614.27},{"text":"particular","start":1614.27,"end":1615.11},{"text":"Resolution","start":1615.51,"end":1616.47},{"text":"232","start":1616.47,"end":1617.55},{"text":"of","start":1617.55,"end":1617.75},{"text":"2015","start":1617.91,"end":1618.71},{"text":"of","start":1618.71,"end":1618.79},{"text":"the","start":1619.27,"end":1619.47},{"text":"Ministry","start":1619.59,"end":1620.39},{"text":"of","start":1620.75,"end":1620.87},{"text":"Communications.","start":1620.87,"end":1621.75}]},{"text":"Denunciamos esta operacion ilegal que representa una amenaza para nuestra seguridad nacional y afecta los servicios del unico operador cubano de telecomunicaciones, ETECSA.","start":1622.83,"end":1636.47,"topics":[{"key":"illegal-terminal-use","label":"Illegal Use of Satellite Terminals","description":"Several statements focused on the unauthorized importation and operation of terminals such as Starlink devices. 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participants.","start":1770.31,"end":1776.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"in","start":1770.31,"end":1770.55},{"text":"our","start":1770.55,"end":1770.95},{"text":"hall","start":1771.51,"end":1771.99},{"text":"and","start":1772.63,"end":1772.91},{"text":"then","start":1772.91,"end":1773.11},{"text":"we'll","start":1773.11,"end":1773.59},{"text":"give","start":1773.59,"end":1773.75},{"text":"the","start":1773.75,"end":1773.91},{"text":"floor","start":1773.91,"end":1774.47},{"text":"to","start":1774.47,"end":1774.71},{"text":"our","start":1774.71,"end":1775.19},{"text":"online","start":1775.19,"end":1775.51},{"text":"participants.","start":1775.51,"end":1776.31}]},{"text":"So the floor is yours, 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colleagues.","start":1780.87,"end":1783.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1780.87,"end":1781.19},{"text":"you,","start":1781.19,"end":1781.27},{"text":"Mr.","start":1781.27,"end":1781.91},{"text":"moderator,","start":1781.99,"end":1782.51},{"text":"and","start":1782.51,"end":1782.67},{"text":"good","start":1782.67,"end":1782.79},{"text":"morning,","start":1782.79,"end":1783.19},{"text":"all","start":1783.19,"end":1783.35},{"text":"colleagues.","start":1783.35,"end":1783.83}]},{"text":"I sincerely apologize that our panelist was unable to participate due to some technical problems.","start":1785.11,"end":1792.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1785.11,"end":1785.27},{"text":"sincerely","start":1785.35,"end":1785.95},{"text":"apologize","start":1785.95,"end":1786.47},{"text":"that","start":1786.47,"end":1786.79},{"text":"our","start":1786.79,"end":1787.03},{"text":"panelist","start":1787.03,"end":1787.59},{"text":"was","start":1787.91,"end":1788.15},{"text":"unable","start":1788.23,"end":1788.67},{"text":"to","start":1788.67,"end":1788.87},{"text":"participate","start":1788.87,"end":1789.47},{"text":"due","start":1789.47,"end":1789.83},{"text":"to","start":1789.83,"end":1790.15},{"text":"some","start":1790.23,"end":1790.51},{"text":"technical","start":1790.51,"end":1791.03},{"text":"problems.","start":1791.47,"end":1792.07}]},{"text":"However, I hope that he could join us a little later, but if you allow me, I'd be glad to explain this important issue.","start":1792.55,"end":1803.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":1792.55,"end":1792.99},{"text":"I","start":1794.07,"end":1794.15},{"text":"hope","start":1794.15,"end":1794.39},{"text":"that","start":1794.39,"end":1794.63},{"text":"he","start":1794.87,"end":1795.03},{"text":"could","start":1795.03,"end":1795.19},{"text":"join","start":1795.19,"end":1795.55},{"text":"us","start":1795.55,"end":1795.67},{"text":"a","start":1795.99,"end":1796.03},{"text":"little","start":1796.03,"end":1796.63},{"text":"later,","start":1796.91,"end":1797.43},{"text":"but","start":1797.75,"end":1798.07},{"text":"if","start":1798.63,"end":1798.79},{"text":"you","start":1798.79,"end":1799.03},{"text":"allow","start":1799.03,"end":1799.31},{"text":"me,","start":1799.31,"end":1799.67},{"text":"I'd","start":1799.99,"end":1800.39},{"text":"be","start":1800.95,"end":1801.35},{"text":"glad","start":1801.35,"end":1801.63},{"text":"to","start":1801.63,"end":1802.07},{"text":"explain","start":1802.23,"end":1802.79},{"text":"this","start":1802.79,"end":1802.95},{"text":"important","start":1802.95,"end":1803.43},{"text":"issue.","start":1803.43,"end":1803.83}]},{"text":"Mr. Moderator and distinguished colleagues, the rapid advancement of technology and the increasing reliance on space capabilities across various aspects of human life have driven a substantial rise in private actors participating in diverse space activities, including the deployment and operation of mega constellation in low orbit in low Earth orbit.","start":1804.95,"end":1830.03,"topics":[{"key":"private-actor-accountability","label":"Accountability of Private Operators","description":"Speakers questioned how private satellite companies should be supervised when their systems affect international peace, armed conflict, or domestic stability. 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The tension between these benefits and the need for regulation was a consistent theme."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":1804.95,"end":1805.23},{"text":"Moderator","start":1805.23,"end":1805.71},{"text":"and","start":1805.71,"end":1805.87},{"text":"distinguished","start":1805.87,"end":1806.47},{"text":"colleagues,","start":1806.47,"end":1806.95},{"text":"the","start":1807.11,"end":1807.27},{"text":"rapid","start":1807.27,"end":1807.67},{"text":"advancement","start":1807.67,"end":1808.31},{"text":"of","start":1808.31,"end":1808.47},{"text":"technology","start":1808.47,"end":1809.19},{"text":"and","start":1809.59,"end":1809.79},{"text":"the","start":1809.79,"end":1809.87},{"text":"increasing","start":1809.87,"end":1810.39},{"text":"reliance","start":1810.39,"end":1810.79},{"text":"on","start":1810.79,"end":1811.19},{"text":"space","start":1811.19,"end":1811.51},{"text":"capabilities","start":1811.51,"end":1812.31},{"text":"across","start":1812.31,"end":1812.79},{"text":"various","start":1812.79,"end":1813.11},{"text":"aspects","start":1813.11,"end":1813.67},{"text":"of","start":1813.67,"end":1813.91},{"text":"human","start":1813.91,"end":1814.31},{"text":"life","start":1814.31,"end":1814.63},{"text":"have","start":1815.03,"end":1815.27},{"text":"driven","start":1815.27,"end":1815.75},{"text":"a","start":1815.75,"end":1815.83},{"text":"substantial","start":1815.83,"end":1816.55},{"text":"rise","start":1816.55,"end":1817.19},{"text":"in","start":1817.19,"end":1817.31},{"text":"private","start":1817.31,"end":1817.75},{"text":"actors","start":1817.75,"end":1818.15},{"text":"participating","start":1818.15,"end":1818.95},{"text":"in","start":1819.43,"end":1819.75},{"text":"diverse","start":1820.31,"end":1820.99},{"text":"space","start":1820.99,"end":1821.27},{"text":"activities,","start":1821.27,"end":1821.99},{"text":"including","start":1822.31,"end":1822.91},{"text":"the","start":1822.91,"end":1822.99},{"text":"deployment","start":1822.99,"end":1823.91},{"text":"and","start":1823.91,"end":1824.15},{"text":"operation","start":1824.15,"end":1824.71},{"text":"of","start":1824.71,"end":1824.83},{"text":"mega","start":1824.83,"end":1825.11},{"text":"constellation","start":1825.11,"end":1825.83},{"text":"in","start":1825.83,"end":1826.07},{"text":"low","start":1826.07,"end":1826.31},{"text":"orbit","start":1826.31,"end":1826.71},{"text":"in","start":1828.91,"end":1829.15},{"text":"low","start":1829.15,"end":1829.39},{"text":"Earth","start":1829.39,"end":1829.59},{"text":"orbit.","start":1829.63,"end":1830.03}]},{"text":"Proliferation of this constellation has already created and will continue to create significant challenges and complex implications for both outer space security and outer space sustainability.","start":1831.39,"end":1844.19,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Orbital Congestion","description":"Participants warned that mega-constellations create risks beyond politics and security, including collisions, debris, harmful interference, and pressure on orbital and spectrum resources. These concerns were tied to the long-term sustainability of outer space activities."},{"key":"private-actor-accountability","label":"Accountability of Private Operators","description":"Speakers questioned how private satellite companies should be supervised when their systems affect international peace, armed conflict, or domestic stability. The debate highlighted possible state responsibility for commercial actors operating under their jurisdiction."}],"words":[{"text":"Proliferation","start":1831.39,"end":1832.19},{"text":"of","start":1832.19,"end":1832.43},{"text":"this","start":1832.43,"end":1832.67},{"text":"constellation","start":1832.83,"end":1833.63},{"text":"has","start":1833.63,"end":1833.79},{"text":"already","start":1833.79,"end":1834.27},{"text":"created","start":1834.27,"end":1834.91},{"text":"and","start":1834.91,"end":1835.19},{"text":"will","start":1835.19,"end":1835.31},{"text":"continue","start":1835.31,"end":1835.79},{"text":"to","start":1835.79,"end":1835.95},{"text":"create","start":1835.95,"end":1836.43},{"text":"significant","start":1836.67,"end":1837.43},{"text":"challenges","start":1837.43,"end":1837.95},{"text":"and","start":1837.95,"end":1838.11},{"text":"complex","start":1838.11,"end":1838.67},{"text":"implications","start":1838.67,"end":1839.47},{"text":"for","start":1839.47,"end":1839.63},{"text":"both","start":1839.63,"end":1839.99},{"text":"outer","start":1840.19,"end":1840.59},{"text":"space","start":1840.59,"end":1840.95},{"text":"security","start":1840.95,"end":1841.63},{"text":"and","start":1842.03,"end":1842.39},{"text":"outer","start":1842.67,"end":1842.99},{"text":"space","start":1842.99,"end":1843.27},{"text":"sustainability.","start":1843.27,"end":1844.19}]},{"text":"The growing congestion in low orbit has significantly increased the risk of collision between space objects, resulting increased debris and threatening access to safe launch windows.","start":1844.83,"end":1856.67,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Orbital Congestion","description":"Participants warned that mega-constellations create risks beyond politics and security, including collisions, debris, harmful interference, and pressure on orbital and spectrum resources. 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These concerns were tied to the long-term sustainability of outer space activities."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1857.23,"end":1857.43},{"text":"situation","start":1857.43,"end":1858.11},{"text":"directly","start":1858.11,"end":1858.59},{"text":"contradicts","start":1858.59,"end":1859.31},{"text":"the","start":1859.31,"end":1859.39},{"text":"principle","start":1859.39,"end":1859.99},{"text":"of","start":1859.99,"end":1860.11},{"text":"equitable","start":1860.15,"end":1860.83},{"text":"and","start":1861.23,"end":1861.47},{"text":"free","start":1861.47,"end":1861.71},{"text":"access","start":1861.71,"end":1862.11},{"text":"to","start":1862.11,"end":1862.35},{"text":"outer","start":1862.35,"end":1862.67},{"text":"space,","start":1862.67,"end":1863.15},{"text":"non-appropriation,","start":1863.23,"end":1864.83},{"text":"and","start":1864.83,"end":1865.19},{"text":"long-term","start":1865.19,"end":1865.67},{"text":"sustainability.","start":1865.67,"end":1866.51}]},{"text":"Moreover, mega-constellations disregard and infringe upon the sovereignty of states over their territories.","start":1867.15,"end":1874.83,"topics":[{"key":"state-sovereignty","label":"State Sovereignty and Non-Interference","description":"Multiple speakers argued that low Earth orbit satellite internet systems can be used to bypass national controls and interfere in domestic political processes. They framed this as a violation of sovereignty, non-intervention, and the UN Charter."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":1867.15,"end":1867.79},{"text":"mega-constellations","start":1867.87,"end":1869.07},{"text":"disregard","start":1869.07,"end":1869.71},{"text":"and","start":1869.71,"end":1869.95},{"text":"infringe","start":1869.95,"end":1870.43},{"text":"upon","start":1870.43,"end":1870.83},{"text":"the","start":1870.99,"end":1871.15},{"text":"sovereignty","start":1871.15,"end":1871.71},{"text":"of","start":1871.71,"end":1871.87},{"text":"states","start":1871.87,"end":1872.35},{"text":"over","start":1872.67,"end":1872.87},{"text":"their","start":1872.87,"end":1872.99},{"text":"territories.","start":1872.99,"end":1874.83}]},{"text":"In recent years, certain commercial space companies have rapidly developed actively engaging in interference in internal affairs, of other countries and military activities while expanding their civilian services.","start":1875.23,"end":1889.91,"topics":[{"key":"state-sovereignty","label":"State Sovereignty and Non-Interference","description":"Multiple speakers argued that low Earth orbit satellite internet systems can be used to bypass national controls and interfere in domestic political processes. 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They framed this as a violation of sovereignty, non-intervention, and the UN Charter."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1890.63,"end":1890.87},{"text":"involvement","start":1890.87,"end":1891.55},{"text":"complicates","start":1891.91,"end":1892.71},{"text":"outer","start":1892.71,"end":1893.03},{"text":"space","start":1893.03,"end":1893.31},{"text":"security","start":1893.31,"end":1894.07},{"text":"and","start":1894.15,"end":1894.35},{"text":"presents","start":1894.35,"end":1894.95},{"text":"new","start":1894.95,"end":1895.19},{"text":"challenges","start":1895.19,"end":1895.75},{"text":"to","start":1895.75,"end":1895.91},{"text":"Paris.","start":1895.91,"end":1896.47}]},{"text":"Addressing the impact of large constellation on the security of space activities is essential as their proliferation poses serious challenges beyond just increasing space debris and harmful radio frequency interference.","start":1897.19,"end":1912.23,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Orbital Congestion","description":"Participants warned that mega-constellations create risks beyond politics and security, including collisions, debris, harmful interference, and pressure on orbital and spectrum resources. 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Speakers referred to the ITU, COPUOS, and the 2027 World Radiocommunication Conference as key venues for developing regulatory measures."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1912.95,"end":1913.07},{"text":"light","start":1913.07,"end":1913.31},{"text":"of","start":1913.31,"end":1913.43},{"text":"these","start":1913.43,"end":1913.67},{"text":"developments,","start":1913.67,"end":1914.39},{"text":"Iran","start":1914.59,"end":1915.03},{"text":"has","start":1915.91,"end":1916.19},{"text":"proposed","start":1916.19,"end":1916.71},{"text":"adding","start":1916.71,"end":1917.07},{"text":"a","start":1917.07,"end":1917.11},{"text":"new","start":1917.11,"end":1917.43},{"text":"agenda","start":1917.43,"end":1917.91},{"text":"item","start":1917.91,"end":1918.23},{"text":"to","start":1918.23,"end":1918.39},{"text":"the","start":1918.39,"end":1918.47},{"text":"Scientific","start":1918.47,"end":1919.03},{"text":"and","start":1919.03,"end":1919.19},{"text":"Technical","start":1919.19,"end":1919.67},{"text":"Subcommittee","start":1919.67,"end":1920.31},{"text":"of","start":1920.31,"end":1920.51},{"text":"COPUOS","start":1920.51,"end":1921.67},{"text":"titled","start":1922.07,"end":1922.63},{"text":"Addressing","start":1922.63,"end":1923.27},{"text":"Emerging","start":1923.27,"end":1923.75},{"text":"Issues","start":1923.75,"end":1924.31},{"text":"of","start":1924.31,"end":1924.47},{"text":"Large","start":1924.47,"end":1924.87},{"text":"Constellations","start":1924.87,"end":1925.67},{"text":"to","start":1926.23,"end":1926.39},{"text":"facilitate","start":1926.39,"end":1926.99},{"text":"discussion","start":1926.99,"end":1927.75},{"text":"and","start":1927.75,"end":1927.91},{"text":"promote","start":1927.91,"end":1928.51},{"text":"urgent","start":1928.51,"end":1928.91},{"text":"action","start":1928.91,"end":1929.43},{"text":"on","start":1929.83,"end":1929.99},{"text":"this","start":1929.99,"end":1930.23},{"text":"matter.","start":1930.23,"end":1930.63}]},{"text":"This agenda item would provide a more structured framework for addressing various aspects of large constellations.","start":1931.19,"end":1938.15,"topics":[{"key":"leo-regulation","label":"Regulation of LEO Satellite Networks","description":"A central theme was the need for stronger international rules governing low Earth orbit satellite services. Speakers referred to the ITU, COPUOS, and the 2027 World Radiocommunication Conference as key venues for developing regulatory measures."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1931.19,"end":1931.43},{"text":"agenda","start":1931.43,"end":1931.91},{"text":"item","start":1931.91,"end":1932.23},{"text":"would","start":1932.23,"end":1932.43},{"text":"provide","start":1932.43,"end":1932.95},{"text":"a","start":1932.95,"end":1932.99},{"text":"more","start":1932.99,"end":1933.35},{"text":"structured","start":1933.35,"end":1934.27},{"text":"framework","start":1934.27,"end":1934.83},{"text":"for","start":1934.83,"end":1935.07},{"text":"addressing","start":1935.07,"end":1935.51},{"text":"various","start":1935.51,"end":1935.91},{"text":"aspects","start":1935.91,"end":1936.47},{"text":"of","start":1936.87,"end":1937.03},{"text":"large","start":1937.03,"end":1937.35},{"text":"constellations.","start":1937.35,"end":1938.15}]},{"text":"And as I said, I hope that our panelists are experts and now can join us and give more detailed explanation about this important new emerging challenge for outer 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thank you, Mr. Moderator.","start":1953.87,"end":1955.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1953.87,"end":1954.03},{"text":"thank","start":1954.03,"end":1954.27},{"text":"you,","start":1954.27,"end":1954.35},{"text":"Mr.","start":1954.35,"end":1954.67},{"text":"Moderator.","start":1954.67,"end":1955.07}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IRN","affiliation_full":"Iran (Islamic Republic of)","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":9,"start":1955.23,"pageUrl":"/fr/asset/k1m/k1mscnbdbu?lang=en&t=1956","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Yeah, thank you so much.","start":1955.23,"end":1956.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yeah,","start":1955.23,"end":1955.51},{"text":"thank","start":1955.55,"end":1955.75},{"text":"you","start":1955.75,"end":1955.83},{"text":"so","start":1955.83,"end":1955.95},{"text":"much.","start":1955.95,"end":1956.35}]},{"text":"And now we have a possibility to listen to our online Are you with us?","start":1956.35,"end":1964.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1956.35,"end":1956.63},{"text":"now","start":1956.63,"end":1956.83},{"text":"we","start":1956.83,"end":1957.31},{"text":"have","start":1957.47,"end":1957.87},{"text":"a","start":1958.99,"end":1959.03},{"text":"possibility","start":1959.03,"end":1959.71},{"text":"to","start":1959.75,"end":1960.11},{"text":"listen","start":1960.75,"end":1961.23},{"text":"to","start":1961.23,"end":1961.47},{"text":"our","start":1961.47,"end":1961.63},{"text":"online","start":1961.63,"end":1962.19},{"text":"Are","start":1962.57,"end":1962.69},{"text":"you","start":1963.25,"end":1963.49},{"text":"with","start":1964.13,"end":1964.37},{"text":"us?","start":1964.37,"end":1964.69}]},{"text":"Not yet.","start":1972.2,"end":1972.84,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Not","start":1972.2,"end":1972.52},{"text":"yet.","start":1972.52,"end":1972.84}]},{"text":"Yes, so we can start another part of our briefing.","start":1979.67,"end":1985.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yes,","start":1979.67,"end":1980.03},{"text":"so","start":1980.03,"end":1980.23},{"text":"we","start":1980.23,"end":1980.47},{"text":"can","start":1980.47,"end":1980.63},{"text":"start","start":1980.63,"end":1981.19},{"text":"another","start":1982.79,"end":1983.19},{"text":"part","start":1983.19,"end":1983.51},{"text":"of","start":1983.51,"end":1983.67},{"text":"our","start":1983.67,"end":1984.07},{"text":"briefing.","start":1984.55,"end":1985.03}]},{"text":"So as far as it is a briefing, we are just providing our 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answers.","start":1990.15,"end":1996.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":1990.15,"end":1990.31},{"text":"anyway,","start":1990.31,"end":1990.79},{"text":"we","start":1990.79,"end":1990.95},{"text":"have","start":1990.95,"end":1991.19},{"text":"some","start":1991.19,"end":1991.43},{"text":"time","start":1991.43,"end":1991.67},{"text":"for","start":1991.67,"end":1992.07},{"text":"Q&A,","start":1992.87,"end":1993.51},{"text":"for","start":1995.27,"end":1995.51},{"text":"questions","start":1995.51,"end":1996.15},{"text":"and","start":1996.15,"end":1996.39},{"text":"answers.","start":1996.39,"end":1996.95}]},{"text":"And as a moderator, I would like to again highlight the fact that Iran was the first state who applied to Radio Regulations Board of the ITU and got official decision, official confirmation of the fact of illegal use of Staling terminals.","start":1997.35,"end":2020.45,"topics":[{"key":"illegal-terminal-use","label":"Illegal Use of Satellite 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This was presented as a breach of national licensing systems, spectrum control, and domestic telecommunications law."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1997.35,"end":1997.59},{"text":"as","start":1997.59,"end":1997.83},{"text":"a","start":1997.83,"end":1997.87},{"text":"moderator,","start":1997.87,"end":1998.63},{"text":"I","start":1999.83,"end":1999.91},{"text":"would","start":1999.91,"end":2000.07},{"text":"like","start":2000.07,"end":2000.31},{"text":"to","start":2000.31,"end":2000.71},{"text":"again","start":2001.43,"end":2001.83},{"text":"highlight","start":2003.01,"end":2003.65},{"text":"the","start":2003.81,"end":2004.01},{"text":"fact","start":2004.01,"end":2004.37},{"text":"that","start":2004.45,"end":2004.93},{"text":"Iran","start":2004.97,"end":2005.33},{"text":"was","start":2005.41,"end":2005.65},{"text":"the","start":2005.65,"end":2005.81},{"text":"first","start":2005.81,"end":2006.29},{"text":"state","start":2006.45,"end":2007.01},{"text":"who","start":2007.89,"end":2008.13},{"text":"applied","start":2008.13,"end":2008.57},{"text":"to","start":2008.57,"end":2009.33},{"text":"Radio","start":2009.33,"end":2009.73},{"text":"Regulations","start":2009.73,"end":2010.45},{"text":"Board","start":2010.45,"end":2010.77},{"text":"of","start":2010.77,"end":2011.01},{"text":"the","start":2011.01,"end":2011.13},{"text":"ITU","start":2011.13,"end":2011.81},{"text":"and","start":2012.45,"end":2012.69},{"text":"got","start":2012.69,"end":2013.01},{"text":"official","start":2013.01,"end":2013.65},{"text":"decision,","start":2014.01,"end":2014.61},{"text":"official","start":2014.61,"end":2015.01},{"text":"confirmation","start":2015.01,"end":2015.89},{"text":"of","start":2016.49,"end":2016.69},{"text":"the","start":2016.77,"end":2016.93},{"text":"fact","start":2016.93,"end":2017.33},{"text":"of","start":2017.33,"end":2017.49},{"text":"illegal","start":2017.49,"end":2017.89},{"text":"use","start":2017.89,"end":2018.29},{"text":"of","start":2018.29,"end":2018.53},{"text":"Staling","start":2019.33,"end":2019.73},{"text":"terminals.","start":2019.73,"end":2020.45}]},{"text":"My question to the esteemed representative of Venezuela, to his Excellency, are you planning to go to the RRB as well?","start":2021.89,"end":2030.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":2021.89,"end":2022.13},{"text":"question","start":2022.13,"end":2022.53},{"text":"to","start":2022.53,"end":2022.93},{"text":"the","start":2022.93,"end":2023.05},{"text":"esteemed","start":2023.05,"end":2023.41},{"text":"representative","start":2023.41,"end":2024.09},{"text":"of","start":2024.09,"end":2024.25},{"text":"Venezuela,","start":2024.25,"end":2024.93},{"text":"to","start":2025.17,"end":2025.25},{"text":"his","start":2025.25,"end":2025.49},{"text":"Excellency,","start":2025.49,"end":2026.13},{"text":"are","start":2027.41,"end":2027.65},{"text":"you","start":2027.65,"end":2027.77},{"text":"planning","start":2027.77,"end":2028.29},{"text":"to","start":2028.29,"end":2028.41},{"text":"go","start":2028.41,"end":2028.61},{"text":"to","start":2028.61,"end":2028.85},{"text":"the","start":2028.93,"end":2029.13},{"text":"RRB","start":2029.13,"end":2029.73},{"text":"as","start":2029.73,"end":2029.97},{"text":"well?","start":2029.97,"end":2030.29}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":2031.57,"end":2031.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2031.57,"end":2031.73},{"text":"you.","start":2031.73,"end":2031.85}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Boris Vasiliev","affiliation":"RUS","affiliation_full":"Russian Federation","group":null,"function":"Head of Division, Department of International Information Security"}},{"statement_number":10,"start":2034.41,"pageUrl":"/fr/asset/k1m/k1mscnbdbu?lang=en&t=2035","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I sincerely have no idea.","start":2034.41,"end":2036.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2034.41,"end":2034.57},{"text":"sincerely","start":2034.57,"end":2035.37},{"text":"have","start":2035.37,"end":2035.57},{"text":"no","start":2035.57,"end":2035.73},{"text":"idea.","start":2035.73,"end":2036.17}]},{"text":"But what we are planning to do is to spread the news, to spread information to all countries around the world that this system is in place.","start":2036.73,"end":2044.73,"topics":[{"key":"digital-destabilization","label":"Cyber and Information Destabilization","description":"Speakers linked satellite connectivity to cyberattacks, disinformation campaigns, protest coordination, and alleged coup or election interference. 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The tension between these benefits and the need for regulation was a consistent theme."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2278.77,"end":2279.01},{"text":"have","start":2279.01,"end":2279.29},{"text":"a","start":2279.29,"end":2279.33},{"text":"very","start":2279.37,"end":2279.89},{"text":"open","start":2280.13,"end":2280.61},{"text":"access,","start":2280.61,"end":2281.41},{"text":"you","start":2281.65,"end":2281.73},{"text":"know,","start":2281.73,"end":2281.81},{"text":"for","start":2281.81,"end":2282.05},{"text":"the","start":2282.05,"end":2282.13},{"text":"population.","start":2282.13,"end":2282.93}]},{"text":"For example, in Nicaragua, all the public park do have internet provided, you know, by the government.","start":2283.41,"end":2290.65,"topics":[{"key":"connectivity-and-digital-divide","label":"Connectivity Benefits and the Digital Divide","description":"While the meeting focused on risks, several speakers also acknowledged the developmental advantages of satellite internet, such as broader coverage, lower latency, and access for remote areas. The tension between these benefits and the need for regulation was a consistent theme."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":2283.41,"end":2283.57},{"text":"example,","start":2283.57,"end":2284.05},{"text":"in","start":2284.05,"end":2284.13},{"text":"Nicaragua,","start":2284.13,"end":2284.85},{"text":"all","start":2284.85,"end":2285.01},{"text":"the","start":2285.01,"end":2285.13},{"text":"public","start":2285.13,"end":2285.57},{"text":"park","start":2285.57,"end":2286.05},{"text":"do","start":2286.85,"end":2287.09},{"text":"have","start":2287.09,"end":2287.33},{"text":"internet","start":2287.33,"end":2288.05},{"text":"provided,","start":2288.37,"end":2289.01},{"text":"you","start":2289.33,"end":2289.45},{"text":"know,","start":2289.45,"end":2289.57},{"text":"by","start":2289.57,"end":2289.89},{"text":"the","start":2289.89,"end":2290.01},{"text":"government.","start":2290.01,"end":2290.65}]},{"text":"So internally, the access is completely open and broad.","start":2290.93,"end":2294.69,"topics":[{"key":"connectivity-and-digital-divide","label":"Connectivity Benefits and the Digital Divide","description":"While the meeting focused on risks, several speakers also acknowledged the developmental advantages of satellite internet, such as broader coverage, lower latency, and access for remote areas. The tension between these benefits and the need for regulation was a consistent theme."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2290.93,"end":2291.33},{"text":"internally,","start":2291.33,"end":2292.25},{"text":"the","start":2292.25,"end":2292.33},{"text":"access","start":2292.33,"end":2292.61},{"text":"is","start":2292.61,"end":2292.77},{"text":"completely","start":2292.77,"end":2293.49},{"text":"open","start":2293.57,"end":2294.05},{"text":"and","start":2294.05,"end":2294.17},{"text":"broad.","start":2294.17,"end":2294.69}]},{"text":"So therefore, you know, the state has to have more responsibility in order to be able to regulate the inappropriate and the abuse of this technology.","start":2295.17,"end":2306.69,"topics":[{"key":"illegal-terminal-use","label":"Illegal Use of Satellite Terminals","description":"Several statements focused on the unauthorized importation and operation of terminals such as Starlink devices. 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This was presented as a breach of national licensing systems, spectrum control, and domestic telecommunications law."},{"key":"digital-destabilization","label":"Cyber and Information Destabilization","description":"Speakers linked satellite connectivity to cyberattacks, disinformation campaigns, protest coordination, and alleged coup or election interference. 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I think that we need some additional time in order to resolve the situation.","start":2588.45,"end":2593.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2588.45,"end":2588.69},{"text":"I","start":2588.69,"end":2588.77},{"text":"think","start":2588.77,"end":2589.01},{"text":"that","start":2589.01,"end":2589.21},{"text":"we","start":2589.21,"end":2589.29},{"text":"need","start":2589.29,"end":2589.49},{"text":"some","start":2589.49,"end":2589.73},{"text":"additional","start":2589.73,"end":2590.21},{"text":"time","start":2590.21,"end":2590.61},{"text":"in","start":2591.61,"end":2591.73},{"text":"order","start":2591.73,"end":2591.97},{"text":"to","start":2591.97,"end":2592.13},{"text":"resolve","start":2592.13,"end":2592.61},{"text":"the","start":2592.61,"end":2592.93},{"text":"situation.","start":2592.93,"end":2593.81}]},{"text":"So I have a proposal as far as we still have technical issues, we for just five, ten another minutes can continue the Q&A 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after we are done, we can again give a floor to our esteemed representative from Iran.","start":2705.01,"end":2712.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2705.01,"end":2705.33},{"text":"after","start":2705.49,"end":2706.13},{"text":"we","start":2706.61,"end":2706.81},{"text":"are","start":2706.81,"end":2706.89},{"text":"done,","start":2706.89,"end":2707.25},{"text":"we","start":2707.73,"end":2707.97},{"text":"can","start":2707.97,"end":2708.29},{"text":"again","start":2708.41,"end":2708.93},{"text":"give","start":2709.17,"end":2709.41},{"text":"a","start":2709.41,"end":2709.45},{"text":"floor","start":2709.45,"end":2709.89},{"text":"to","start":2709.97,"end":2710.13},{"text":"our","start":2710.13,"end":2710.61},{"text":"esteemed","start":2710.61,"end":2711.01},{"text":"representative","start":2711.01,"end":2711.65},{"text":"from","start":2711.65,"end":2711.93},{"text":"Iran.","start":2711.93,"end":2712.21}]},{"text":"So my questions are 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comment.","start":2728.21,"end":2729.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":2728.21,"end":2728.33},{"text":"are","start":2728.33,"end":2728.41},{"text":"free","start":2728.41,"end":2728.61},{"text":"to","start":2728.61,"end":2728.69},{"text":"comment.","start":2728.69,"end":2729.17}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":2729.17,"end":2729.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2729.17,"end":2729.41},{"text":"you.","start":2729.41,"end":2729.49}]},{"text":"Yeah, please China.","start":2732.53,"end":2733.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yeah,","start":2732.53,"end":2732.73},{"text":"please","start":2732.73,"end":2732.93},{"text":"China.","start":2732.93,"end":2733.33}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Boris Vasiliev","affiliation":"RUS","affiliation_full":"Russian Federation","group":null,"function":"Head of Division, Department of International Information Security"}},{"statement_number":14,"start":2740.21,"pageUrl":"/fr/asset/k1m/k1mscnbdbu?lang=en&t=2741","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":2740.21,"end":2740.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2740.21,"end":2740.45},{"text":"you.","start":2740.45,"end":2740.69}]},{"text":"Thank you for giving me the floor.","start":2740.85,"end":2742.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2740.85,"end":2741.05},{"text":"you","start":2741.05,"end":2741.13},{"text":"for","start":2741.13,"end":2741.25},{"text":"giving","start":2741.25,"end":2741.45},{"text":"me","start":2741.45,"end":2741.57},{"text":"the","start":2741.57,"end":2741.65},{"text":"floor.","start":2741.65,"end":2742.05}]},{"text":"Let me begin just thanking the delegations from Iran, Russia and Venezuela for organizing this event and to discuss the important issue related to the malicious use of LEO 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Speakers cited reconnaissance, drone control, communications in combat zones, and broader concerns about the weaponization of commercial space infrastructure."}],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":2742.61,"end":2742.73},{"text":"me","start":2742.73,"end":2742.89},{"text":"begin","start":2742.89,"end":2743.33},{"text":"just","start":2744.21,"end":2744.53},{"text":"thanking","start":2744.61,"end":2745.17},{"text":"the","start":2745.17,"end":2745.33},{"text":"delegations","start":2746.21,"end":2746.73},{"text":"from","start":2746.73,"end":2747.05},{"text":"Iran,","start":2747.05,"end":2747.21},{"text":"Russia","start":2747.21,"end":2747.77},{"text":"and","start":2747.89,"end":2748.13},{"text":"Venezuela","start":2748.49,"end":2749.13},{"text":"for","start":2749.13,"end":2749.37},{"text":"organizing","start":2749.37,"end":2750.01},{"text":"this","start":2750.01,"end":2750.25},{"text":"event","start":2750.25,"end":2750.65},{"text":"and","start":2751.21,"end":2751.33},{"text":"to","start":2751.33,"end":2751.41},{"text":"discuss","start":2751.41,"end":2751.93},{"text":"the","start":2751.93,"end":2752.01},{"text":"important","start":2752.01,"end":2752.53},{"text":"issue","start":2752.53,"end":2752.69},{"text":"related","start":2752.69,"end":2753.45},{"text":"to","start":2753.93,"end":2754.05},{"text":"the","start":2754.05,"end":2754.21},{"text":"malicious","start":2754.41,"end":2754.89},{"text":"use","start":2754.89,"end":2755.25},{"text":"of","start":2755.25,"end":2755.45},{"text":"LEO","start":2755.53,"end":2755.93},{"text":"satellites.","start":2755.93,"end":2756.65}]},{"text":"In recent years this issue has been raised frequently on different occasions and different forums including UN, ITU, just as many previous speakers mentioned WRC-27 which will be held in Shanghai and we welcome the discussions of all agenda items in 2027 in Shanghai and as well as relevant to UN process go beyond what we discussed here such as the GGE and OEWG of Paris, on Paris.","start":2757.33,"end":2795.25,"topics":[{"key":"leo-regulation","label":"Regulation of LEO Satellite Networks","description":"A central theme was the need for stronger international rules governing low Earth orbit satellite services. 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I'm not an expert in this field.","start":3134.41,"end":3136.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Unfortunately,","start":3134.41,"end":3134.89},{"text":"I'm","start":3134.89,"end":3135.09},{"text":"not","start":3135.09,"end":3135.21},{"text":"an","start":3135.21,"end":3135.29},{"text":"expert","start":3135.29,"end":3135.73},{"text":"in","start":3135.73,"end":3135.85},{"text":"this","start":3135.85,"end":3136.09},{"text":"field.","start":3136.09,"end":3136.37}]},{"text":"So we have experts watching us online.","start":3136.37,"end":3140.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3136.37,"end":3136.73},{"text":"we","start":3136.73,"end":3136.89},{"text":"have","start":3136.89,"end":3137.13},{"text":"experts","start":3137.45,"end":3138.89},{"text":"watching","start":3138.89,"end":3139.29},{"text":"us","start":3139.37,"end":3139.57},{"text":"online.","start":3139.57,"end":3140.17}]},{"text":"Unfortunately, they don't have possibility to intervene, but definitely it is a 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problems.","start":3147.85,"end":3149.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":3147.85,"end":3148.05},{"text":"are","start":3148.05,"end":3148.13},{"text":"a","start":3148.13,"end":3148.17},{"text":"lot","start":3148.17,"end":3148.37},{"text":"of","start":3148.37,"end":3148.49},{"text":"other","start":3148.49,"end":3148.77},{"text":"problems.","start":3148.77,"end":3149.37}]},{"text":"For example, there was an initiative of, there was a problem that scientists cannot use their equipment for astronomy because of the dozens of thousands of satellites on orbit.","start":3149.45,"end":3175.05,"topics":[{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Orbital Congestion","description":"Participants warned that mega-constellations create risks beyond politics and security, including collisions, debris, harmful interference, and pressure on orbital and spectrum resources. 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This was presented as a breach of national licensing systems, spectrum control, and domestic telecommunications law."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3559.81,"end":3560.17},{"text":"Venezuela","start":3560.17,"end":3560.69},{"text":"was","start":3560.69,"end":3561.09},{"text":"filled","start":3562.13,"end":3562.77},{"text":"with","start":3562.77,"end":3563.17},{"text":"thousands","start":3563.17,"end":3563.81},{"text":"of","start":3563.81,"end":3563.97},{"text":"Starlink","start":3563.97,"end":3564.61},{"text":"antennas,","start":3565.33,"end":3565.97},{"text":"and","start":3566.13,"end":3566.77},{"text":"we","start":3566.77,"end":3566.93},{"text":"couldn't","start":3566.93,"end":3567.37},{"text":"figure","start":3567.37,"end":3567.61},{"text":"out","start":3567.61,"end":3567.69},{"text":"at","start":3567.73,"end":3567.81},{"text":"the","start":3567.81,"end":3567.89},{"text":"beginning","start":3567.89,"end":3568.45},{"text":"what","start":3568.45,"end":3568.77},{"text":"was","start":3568.77,"end":3568.93},{"text":"the","start":3568.93,"end":3569.05},{"text":"purpose","start":3569.09,"end":3569.45},{"text":"of","start":3569.45,"end":3569.57},{"text":"it","start":3569.57,"end":3569.73},{"text":"until","start":3569.97,"end":3570.29},{"text":"we","start":3570.29,"end":3570.45},{"text":"found","start":3570.45,"end":3570.77},{"text":"out","start":3570.77,"end":3570.85},{"text":"later","start":3570.85,"end":3571.29},{"text":"on.","start":3571.29,"end":3571.49}]},{"text":"I mean, but to think that a private company like Starlink is apart or unconnected to the government that promotes it and allows it to grow and lends all the capabilities to have 4,500 satellites in outer space is ridiculous.","start":3572.37,"end":3595.45,"topics":[{"key":"private-actor-accountability","label":"Accountability of Private Operators","description":"Speakers questioned how private satellite companies should be supervised when their systems affect international peace, armed conflict, or domestic stability. 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unfortunately, we don't have sound.","start":3754.33,"end":3756.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3754.33,"end":3754.53},{"text":"unfortunately,","start":3754.53,"end":3755.05},{"text":"we","start":3755.05,"end":3755.13},{"text":"don't","start":3755.13,"end":3755.41},{"text":"have","start":3755.41,"end":3755.53},{"text":"sound.","start":3755.53,"end":3756.01}]},{"text":"So this is the that's the problem.","start":3756.73,"end":3760.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3756.73,"end":3757.05},{"text":"this","start":3757.77,"end":3758.01},{"text":"is","start":3758.01,"end":3758.09},{"text":"the","start":3758.09,"end":3758.49},{"text":"that's","start":3758.89,"end":3759.77},{"text":"the","start":3759.77,"end":3759.89},{"text":"problem.","start":3759.89,"end":3760.49}]},{"text":"Uh, actually, to, uh, listen, Iran was, to listen the intervention of Iran was personally was very important for us but unfortunately we have technical issues I don't know what to do probably as 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The tension between these benefits and the need for regulation was a consistent theme."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3846.37,"end":3846.61},{"text":"let's","start":3846.61,"end":3846.93},{"text":"work","start":3846.93,"end":3847.13},{"text":"together,","start":3847.13,"end":3847.73},{"text":"let's","start":3847.89,"end":3848.45},{"text":"unite","start":3848.61,"end":3849.09},{"text":"our","start":3849.09,"end":3849.41},{"text":"efforts","start":3849.41,"end":3849.97},{"text":"in","start":3850.77,"end":3850.93},{"text":"order","start":3850.93,"end":3851.25},{"text":"to","start":3851.25,"end":3851.73},{"text":"get","start":3852.61,"end":3852.93},{"text":"advantages","start":3852.93,"end":3853.89},{"text":"of","start":3854.49,"end":3854.69},{"text":"ICTs","start":3854.69,"end":3855.57},{"text":"and","start":3855.65,"end":3855.89},{"text":"especially","start":3855.89,"end":3856.41},{"text":"of","start":3856.41,"end":3856.53},{"text":"such","start":3856.53,"end":3856.77},{"text":"systems.","start":3856.77,"end":3857.41}]},{"text":"but at the same time to tackle the issues related to their use, their illegal use, their use in violation of the UN Charter, their use undermining the sovereignty of the UN member states.","start":3857.97,"end":3879.33,"topics":[{"key":"state-sovereignty","label":"State Sovereignty and Non-Interference","description":"Multiple speakers argued that low Earth orbit satellite internet systems can be used to bypass national controls and interfere in domestic political processes. 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This was presented as a breach of national licensing systems, spectrum control, and domestic telecommunications law."}],"words":[{"text":"but","start":3857.97,"end":3858.29},{"text":"at","start":3858.85,"end":3859.01},{"text":"the","start":3859.01,"end":3859.17},{"text":"same","start":3859.17,"end":3859.49},{"text":"time","start":3859.49,"end":3859.89},{"text":"to","start":3861.25,"end":3861.65},{"text":"tackle","start":3861.81,"end":3862.37},{"text":"the","start":3862.37,"end":3862.57},{"text":"issues","start":3862.57,"end":3863.25},{"text":"related","start":3863.33,"end":3863.97},{"text":"to","start":3864.69,"end":3864.85},{"text":"their","start":3864.85,"end":3865.33},{"text":"use,","start":3865.41,"end":3865.97},{"text":"their","start":3865.97,"end":3866.29},{"text":"illegal","start":3866.29,"end":3866.77},{"text":"use,","start":3866.77,"end":3867.09},{"text":"their","start":3867.09,"end":3867.41},{"text":"use","start":3867.41,"end":3867.73},{"text":"in","start":3867.73,"end":3868.13},{"text":"violation","start":3868.77,"end":3869.49},{"text":"of","start":3870.17,"end":3870.29},{"text":"the","start":3870.29,"end":3870.41},{"text":"UN","start":3870.41,"end":3870.61},{"text":"Charter,","start":3870.61,"end":3871.17},{"text":"their","start":3871.89,"end":3872.21},{"text":"use","start":3872.21,"end":3872.61},{"text":"undermining","start":3874.69,"end":3875.49},{"text":"the","start":3875.97,"end":3876.17},{"text":"sovereignty","start":3876.17,"end":3877.01},{"text":"of","start":3877.57,"end":3877.89},{"text":"the","start":3878.05,"end":3878.21},{"text":"UN","start":3878.21,"end":3878.45},{"text":"member","start":3878.45,"end":3878.73},{"text":"states.","start":3878.73,"end":3879.33}]},{"text":"So let's work together and see you.","start":3879.81,"end":3882.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3879.81,"end":3880.05},{"text":"let's","start":3880.05,"end":3880.37},{"text":"work","start":3880.37,"end":3880.57},{"text":"together","start":3880.57,"end":3881.17},{"text":"and","start":3881.49,"end":3881.81},{"text":"see","start":3882.13,"end":3882.45},{"text":"you.","start":3882.45,"end":3882.61}]},{"text":"next time during our next events dedicated to this very important issue.","start":3883.41,"end":3888.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"next","start":3883.41,"end":3883.77},{"text":"time","start":3883.77,"end":3884.13},{"text":"during","start":3884.13,"end":3884.53},{"text":"our","start":3884.53,"end":3884.85},{"text":"next","start":3885.01,"end":3885.45},{"text":"events","start":3885.45,"end":3885.89},{"text":"dedicated","start":3885.89,"end":3886.53},{"text":"to","start":3886.61,"end":3886.77},{"text":"this","start":3886.77,"end":3887.09},{"text":"very","start":3887.09,"end":3887.33},{"text":"important","start":3887.33,"end":3887.97},{"text":"issue.","start":3887.97,"end":3888.29}]},{"text":"Thank you all of you.","start":3888.69,"end":3889.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3888.69,"end":3888.93},{"text":"you","start":3888.93,"end":3889.09},{"text":"all","start":3889.09,"end":3889.29},{"text":"of","start":3889.29,"end":3889.41},{"text":"you.","start":3889.41,"end":3889.53}]},{"text":"Thank you offline participants, online participants, and of course thank you our speakers and co-sponsors.","start":3889.65,"end":3899.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3889.65,"end":3889.97},{"text":"you","start":3889.97,"end":3890.13},{"text":"offline","start":3891.81,"end":3892.21},{"text":"participants,","start":3892.21,"end":3893.01},{"text":"online","start":3893.17,"end":3893.49},{"text":"participants,","start":3893.49,"end":3894.21},{"text":"and","start":3894.21,"end":3894.41},{"text":"of","start":3894.41,"end":3894.53},{"text":"course","start":3894.53,"end":3894.77},{"text":"thank","start":3894.77,"end":3895.09},{"text":"you","start":3895.09,"end":3895.17},{"text":"our","start":3895.17,"end":3895.57},{"text":"speakers","start":3897.17,"end":3897.89},{"text":"and","start":3898.45,"end":3898.69},{"text":"co-sponsors.","start":3898.69,"end":3899.49}]},{"text":"Thank you so much.","start":3899.57,"end":3900.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3899.57,"end":3899.73},{"text":"you","start":3899.73,"end":3899.81},{"text":"so","start":3899.81,"end":3899.97},{"text":"much.","start":3899.97,"end":3900.29}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Boris Vasiliev","affiliation":"RUS","affiliation_full":"Russian Federation","group":null,"function":"Head of Division, Department of International Information Security"}}],"topics":[{"key":"leo-regulation","label":"Regulation of LEO Satellite Networks","description":"A central theme was the need for stronger international rules governing low Earth orbit satellite services. Speakers referred to the ITU, COPUOS, and the 2027 World Radiocommunication Conference as key venues for developing regulatory measures."},{"key":"military-dual-use","label":"Military and Dual-Use Applications","description":"Another recurring issue was the use of ostensibly civilian satellite systems for military purposes. Speakers cited reconnaissance, drone control, communications in combat zones, and broader concerns about the weaponization of commercial space infrastructure."},{"key":"state-sovereignty","label":"State Sovereignty and Non-Interference","description":"Multiple speakers argued that low Earth orbit satellite internet systems can be used to bypass national controls and interfere in domestic political processes. They framed this as a violation of sovereignty, non-intervention, and the UN Charter."},{"key":"illegal-terminal-use","label":"Illegal Use of Satellite Terminals","description":"Several statements focused on the unauthorized importation and operation of terminals such as Starlink devices. This was presented as a breach of national licensing systems, spectrum control, and domestic telecommunications law."},{"key":"space-sustainability","label":"Space Sustainability and Orbital Congestion","description":"Participants warned that mega-constellations create risks beyond politics and security, including collisions, debris, harmful interference, and pressure on orbital and spectrum resources. These concerns were tied to the long-term sustainability of outer space activities."},{"key":"digital-destabilization","label":"Cyber and Information Destabilization","description":"Speakers linked satellite connectivity to cyberattacks, disinformation campaigns, protest coordination, and alleged coup or election interference. The discussion emphasized how digital infrastructure can be used to manipulate political narratives and undermine institutions."},{"key":"private-actor-accountability","label":"Accountability of Private Operators","description":"Speakers questioned how private satellite companies should be supervised when their systems affect international peace, armed conflict, or domestic stability. The debate highlighted possible state responsibility for commercial actors operating under their jurisdiction."},{"key":"connectivity-and-digital-divide","label":"Connectivity Benefits and the Digital Divide","description":"While the meeting focused on risks, several speakers also acknowledged the developmental advantages of satellite internet, such as broader coverage, lower latency, and access for remote areas. The tension between these benefits and the need for regulation was a consistent theme."}]}}