{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/fr/asset/k1t/k1t2vvta3h.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k1t/k1t2vvta3h","kaltura_id":"1_t2vvta3h","title":"Ancient Trade Routes: The Journey of INS Kaundinya","clean_title":"Ancient Trade Routes: The Journey of INS Kaundinya","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1t/k1t2vvta3h","date":"2026-05-15T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-05-15T19:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"00:54:37","category":"Meetings & Events","body":null,"event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":null,"pv_symbol":null,"pv_part":null,"slug":"asset/k1t/k1t2vvta3h"},"metadata":{"summary":"The Permanent Missions of India and Oman are pleased to welcome sailors of INSV Kaundinya as well as experts, scholars from Oman and practitioners engaged in the maritime domain.","description":"INSV Kaundinya, a stitched-plank sailing vessel inspired by ancient Indian shipbuilding traditions, was proposed to retrace India's early maritime trade routes across the Indian Ocean. These routes connected the Indian subcontinent with Southeast Asia, East Asia, the Arabian Peninsula, and East Africa as early as the 1st millennium BCE. By sailing these routes, INSV Kaundinya symbolically highlighted the long-standing role of India and Oman as responsible maritime civilisations, comfortable operating far beyond coastal waters and engaging with what we now term areas beyond national jurisdiction. In 2010, the Jewel of Muscat—a sewn ship based on 9th-century engineering and constructed without the use of nails—successfully sailed from Oman through India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and onward to Singapore. Together, these journeys underscore the long-standing roles of India and Oman as seafaring civilizations, adept at navigating far beyond coastal waters and engaging in what are now described as areas beyond national jurisdiction. They stand as important milestones in understanding and celebrating our shared maritime legacy. A few leading questions are as follows: Whether the current maritime environment is feasible for seafarers that continue to rely on traditional sea-routes? How state parties can best cooperate and international mechanisms put in practice that underline the importance of safety and security of seafarers, sea lanes of communication and the environment? What are some best practices from our shared history of trade and communication which can be implemented in today's world that brings a focus towards sustainability?","categories":["Meetings & Events"],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":["MARITIME TRANSPORT","INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION","SHIPS"],"corporate_name":[],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"assemblyai-ae0717be-1bbb-4d8b-94ed-a429798a3759","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Good afternoon.","start":3.44,"end":4.159,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":3.44,"end":3.799},{"text":"afternoon.","start":3.799,"end":4.159}]},{"text":"The best way to start a Friday afternoon event is with technical 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now.","start":10.987,"end":14.222,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10.987,"end":11.347},{"text":"are","start":11.347,"end":11.706},{"text":"going","start":11.706,"end":12.066},{"text":"to","start":12.066,"end":12.425},{"text":"have","start":12.425,"end":12.784},{"text":"a","start":12.784,"end":13.144},{"text":"good","start":13.144,"end":13.503},{"text":"event","start":13.503,"end":13.863},{"text":"now.","start":13.863,"end":14.222}]},{"text":"Very good afternoon.","start":14.222,"end":15.3,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Very","start":14.222,"end":14.581},{"text":"good","start":14.581,"end":14.941},{"text":"afternoon.","start":14.941,"end":15.3}]},{"text":"Thank you so much Excellencies, dear colleagues for joining us for what is actually more than anything feel good journey that all of us are going to be taking today in the warm waters of Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean.","start":15.3,"end":30.036,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":15.3,"end":15.66},{"text":"you","start":15.66,"end":16.019},{"text":"so","start":16.019,"end":16.378},{"text":"much","start":16.378,"end":16.738},{"text":"Excellencies,","start":16.738,"end":17.097},{"text":"dear","start":17.097,"end":17.457},{"text":"colleagues","start":17.457,"end":17.816},{"text":"for","start":17.816,"end":18.175},{"text":"joining","start":18.175,"end":18.535},{"text":"us","start":18.535,"end":18.894},{"text":"for","start":18.894,"end":19.254},{"text":"what","start":19.254,"end":19.613},{"text":"is","start":19.613,"end":19.972},{"text":"actually","start":19.972,"end":20.332},{"text":"more","start":20.332,"end":20.691},{"text":"than","start":20.691,"end":21.051},{"text":"anything","start":21.051,"end":21.41},{"text":"feel","start":21.41,"end":21.769},{"text":"good","start":21.769,"end":22.129},{"text":"journey","start":22.129,"end":22.488},{"text":"that","start":22.488,"end":22.848},{"text":"all","start":22.848,"end":23.207},{"text":"of","start":23.207,"end":23.566},{"text":"us","start":23.566,"end":23.926},{"text":"are","start":23.926,"end":24.285},{"text":"going","start":24.285,"end":24.645},{"text":"to","start":24.645,"end":25.004},{"text":"be","start":25.004,"end":25.363},{"text":"taking","start":25.363,"end":25.723},{"text":"today","start":25.723,"end":26.082},{"text":"in","start":26.082,"end":26.442},{"text":"the","start":26.442,"end":26.801},{"text":"warm","start":26.801,"end":27.16},{"text":"waters","start":27.16,"end":27.52},{"text":"of","start":27.52,"end":27.879},{"text":"Arabian","start":27.879,"end":28.239},{"text":"Sea","start":28.239,"end":28.598},{"text":"and","start":28.598,"end":28.957},{"text":"the","start":28.957,"end":29.317},{"text":"Indian","start":29.317,"end":29.676},{"text":"Ocean.","start":29.676,"end":30.036}]},{"text":"That it comes on Friday as I just mentioned would hopefully set the tone for everyone to have a very great and as they say a chill weekend from the Indian 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have today with us the sailors who were on board the Insv Condy that sailed from India to Oman and back at the start of this 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would like to very warmly welcome Commodore Amit Srivastava, Commander Hemant Kumar and Commander Vikas Sharon.","start":51.599,"end":57.709,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":51.599,"end":51.959},{"text":"would","start":51.959,"end":52.318},{"text":"like","start":52.318,"end":52.678},{"text":"to","start":52.678,"end":53.037},{"text":"very","start":53.037,"end":53.396},{"text":"warmly","start":53.396,"end":53.756},{"text":"welcome","start":53.756,"end":54.115},{"text":"Commodore","start":54.115,"end":54.475},{"text":"Amit","start":54.475,"end":54.834},{"text":"Srivastava,","start":54.834,"end":55.193},{"text":"Commander","start":55.193,"end":55.553},{"text":"Hemant","start":55.553,"end":55.912},{"text":"Kumar","start":55.912,"end":56.272},{"text":"and","start":56.272,"end":56.631},{"text":"Commander","start":56.631,"end":56.99},{"text":"Vikas","start":56.99,"end":57.35},{"text":"Sharon.","start":57.35,"end":57.709}]},{"text":"Without taking any more time I would like to request the permanent representative of India, Ambassador P. Harish to kindly start the event with his opening remarks.","start":57.709,"end":67.413,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Without","start":57.709,"end":58.069},{"text":"taking","start":58.069,"end":58.428},{"text":"any","start":58.428,"end":58.787},{"text":"more","start":58.787,"end":59.147},{"text":"time","start":59.147,"end":59.506},{"text":"I","start":59.506,"end":59.866},{"text":"would","start":59.866,"end":60.225},{"text":"like","start":60.225,"end":60.584},{"text":"to","start":60.584,"end":60.944},{"text":"request","start":60.944,"end":61.303},{"text":"the","start":61.303,"end":61.663},{"text":"permanent","start":61.663,"end":62.022},{"text":"representative","start":62.022,"end":62.381},{"text":"of","start":62.381,"end":62.741},{"text":"India,","start":62.741,"end":63.1},{"text":"Ambassador","start":63.1,"end":63.46},{"text":"P.","start":63.46,"end":63.819},{"text":"Harish","start":63.819,"end":64.178},{"text":"to","start":64.178,"end":64.538},{"text":"kindly","start":64.538,"end":64.897},{"text":"start","start":64.897,"end":65.257},{"text":"the","start":65.257,"end":65.616},{"text":"event","start":65.616,"end":65.975},{"text":"with","start":65.975,"end":66.335},{"text":"his","start":66.335,"end":66.694},{"text":"opening","start":66.694,"end":67.054},{"text":"remarks.","start":67.054,"end":67.413}]},{"text":"Sir, the floor is yours.","start":67.413,"end":69.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Sir,","start":67.413,"end":67.772},{"text":"the","start":67.772,"end":68.132},{"text":"floor","start":68.132,"end":68.491},{"text":"is","start":68.491,"end":68.851},{"text":"yours.","start":68.851,"end":69.21}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Raghu","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":2,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you Raghu. Dear friends, Excellencies, distinguished guests.","start":71.69,"end":75.404,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":71.69,"end":72.154},{"text":"you","start":72.154,"end":72.618},{"text":"Raghu.","start":72.618,"end":73.083},{"text":"Dear","start":73.083,"end":73.547},{"text":"friends,","start":73.547,"end":74.011},{"text":"Excellencies,","start":74.011,"end":74.475},{"text":"distinguished","start":74.475,"end":74.94},{"text":"guests.","start":74.94,"end":75.404}]},{"text":"Big shout out to Commodore Amit Srivastava, Commander Kumar and Commander Shuran for your presence 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we also have centuries old traditions or maritime traditions of peaceful trade and commerce exchanges that have survived centuries and we have had and you will see a glimpse of what it means to revive these.","start":117.195,"end":132.27,"topics":[{"key":"indian-ocean-trade","label":"Indian Ocean Trade Networks","description":"Several statements focused on ancient maritime trade routes linking India, Oman, the Gulf, East Africa and Southeast Asia. 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not just a sailing achievement, but a reminder of what human beings are capable of when they look to the past for inspiration and act on it with 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Harish","affiliation":"IND","affiliation_full":"India","group":null,"function":"Permanent Representative"}},{"statement_number":3,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you so much, sir.","start":448.3,"end":450.052,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":448.3,"end":448.65},{"text":"you","start":448.65,"end":449.001},{"text":"so","start":449.001,"end":449.351},{"text":"much,","start":449.351,"end":449.701},{"text":"sir.","start":449.701,"end":450.052}]},{"text":"Now I would request the permanent representative of the Sultanate of Oman, His Excellency Omar Al Kathiri to kindly share some words with us.","start":450.052,"end":458.46,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":450.052,"end":450.402},{"text":"I","start":450.402,"end":450.752},{"text":"would","start":450.752,"end":451.103},{"text":"request","start":451.103,"end":451.453},{"text":"the","start":451.453,"end":451.803},{"text":"permanent","start":451.803,"end":452.154},{"text":"representative","start":452.154,"end":452.504},{"text":"of","start":452.504,"end":452.854},{"text":"the","start":452.854,"end":453.205},{"text":"Sultanate","start":453.205,"end":453.555},{"text":"of","start":453.555,"end":453.906},{"text":"Oman,","start":453.906,"end":454.256},{"text":"His","start":454.256,"end":454.606},{"text":"Excellency","start":454.606,"end":454.957},{"text":"Omar","start":454.957,"end":455.307},{"text":"Al","start":455.307,"end":455.657},{"text":"Kathiri","start":455.657,"end":456.008},{"text":"to","start":456.008,"end":456.358},{"text":"kindly","start":456.358,"end":456.708},{"text":"share","start":456.708,"end":457.059},{"text":"some","start":457.059,"end":457.409},{"text":"words","start":457.409,"end":457.759},{"text":"with","start":457.759,"end":458.11},{"text":"us.","start":458.11,"end":458.46}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Raghu","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":4,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":459.35,"end":460.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":459.35,"end":459.57},{"text":"you","start":459.57,"end":459.79},{"text":"very","start":459.79,"end":460.01},{"text":"much.","start":460.01,"end":460.23}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Dear brother Harish, thank you so much for this kind invitation to co host this very important side event with you.","start":462.15,"end":471.192,"topics":[{"key":"india-oman-partnership","label":"India–Oman Maritime Partnership","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted the long-standing relationship between India and Oman, rooted in centuries of seafaring contact and now expressed through contemporary diplomatic, cultural and strategic cooperation. 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These routes carried not only goods such as spices, textiles, copper and frankincense, but also ideas, knowledge and communities across the region."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1472.121,"end":1472.701},{"text":"first","start":1472.701,"end":1473.281},{"text":"leg","start":1473.281,"end":1473.861},{"text":"from","start":1473.861,"end":1474.441},{"text":"India","start":1474.441,"end":1475.021},{"text":"to","start":1475.021,"end":1475.601},{"text":"Oman","start":1475.601,"end":1476.181},{"text":"covered","start":1476.181,"end":1476.761},{"text":"836","start":1476.761,"end":1477.341},{"text":"nautical","start":1477.341,"end":1477.921},{"text":"miles","start":1477.921,"end":1478.502},{"text":"and","start":1478.502,"end":1479.082},{"text":"the","start":1479.082,"end":1479.662},{"text":"return","start":1479.662,"end":1480.242},{"text":"leg","start":1480.242,"end":1480.822},{"text":"to","start":1480.822,"end":1481.402},{"text":"Mumbai","start":1481.402,"end":1481.982},{"text":"spanned","start":1481.982,"end":1482.562},{"text":"979","start":1482.562,"end":1483.142},{"text":"nautical","start":1483.142,"end":1483.722},{"text":"miles.","start":1483.722,"end":1484.302}]},{"text":"Completing this 1,800 nautical mile circuit without modern propulsion demonstrates effectiveness of traditional maritime systems and confirms that these ancient engineering methods remain structurally sound for a trans oceanic transit.","start":1484.302,"end":1501.703,"topics":[{"key":"traditional-shipbuilding","label":"Traditional Shipbuilding and Maritime Knowledge","description":"A major theme was the revival and preservation of ancient shipbuilding methods, especially stitched-plank construction, natural materials and traditional sail systems. 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Speakers linked these concerns to SDG implementation and long-term stewardship of marine environments."},{"key":"blue-economy","label":"Blue Economy and Maritime Livelihoods","description":"The discussion also touched on the economic importance of the sea for fisheries, tourism, transport, trade routes and coastal livelihoods. Speakers stressed that these benefits depend on sustainable management of the Arabian Sea and wider Indian Ocean amid climate and environmental pressures."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2164.828,"end":2165.316},{"text":"area","start":2165.316,"end":2165.803},{"text":"supports","start":2165.803,"end":2166.29},{"text":"critical","start":2166.29,"end":2166.778},{"text":"global","start":2166.778,"end":2167.265},{"text":"trade","start":2167.265,"end":2167.753},{"text":"routes,","start":2167.753,"end":2168.24},{"text":"sustains","start":2168.24,"end":2168.727},{"text":"ocean","start":2168.727,"end":2169.215},{"text":"spaces,","start":2169.215,"end":2169.702},{"text":"rich","start":2169.702,"end":2170.19},{"text":"biodiversity","start":2170.19,"end":2170.677},{"text":"and","start":2170.677,"end":2171.164},{"text":"and","start":2171.164,"end":2171.652},{"text":"underpin","start":2171.652,"end":2172.139},{"text":"the","start":2172.139,"end":2172.627},{"text":"livelihood","start":2172.627,"end":2173.114},{"text":"of","start":2173.114,"end":2173.601},{"text":"millions.","start":2173.601,"end":2174.089}]},{"text":"At the same time, it faces mounting pressure from climate change, environmental degradation and increasing maritime activities.","start":2174.089,"end":2182.374,"topics":[{"key":"ocean-sustainability","label":"Ocean Sustainability and Pollution","description":"The proceedings addressed protecting ocean health through biodiversity conservation, sustainable resource use and action against marine pollution, including plastics and microplastics. Speakers linked these concerns to SDG implementation and long-term stewardship of marine environments."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":2174.089,"end":2174.576},{"text":"the","start":2174.576,"end":2175.063},{"text":"same","start":2175.063,"end":2175.551},{"text":"time,","start":2175.551,"end":2176.038},{"text":"it","start":2176.038,"end":2176.526},{"text":"faces","start":2176.526,"end":2177.013},{"text":"mounting","start":2177.013,"end":2177.5},{"text":"pressure","start":2177.5,"end":2177.988},{"text":"from","start":2177.988,"end":2178.475},{"text":"climate","start":2178.475,"end":2178.963},{"text":"change,","start":2178.963,"end":2179.45},{"text":"environmental","start":2179.45,"end":2179.937},{"text":"degradation","start":2179.937,"end":2180.425},{"text":"and","start":2180.425,"end":2180.912},{"text":"increasing","start":2180.912,"end":2181.4},{"text":"maritime","start":2181.4,"end":2181.887},{"text":"activities.","start":2181.887,"end":2182.374}]},{"text":"In this context, marine scientific research has become indispensable.","start":2182.374,"end":2186.761,"topics":[{"key":"marine-scientific-research","label":"Marine Scientific Research","description":"Multiple speakers emphasized joint scientific work between India and Oman, including oceanographic missions, data exchange and research on monsoons, cyclones and marine ecosystems. The Kaundinya project itself was also framed as a scientific effort to test and validate ancient maritime technologies."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2182.374,"end":2182.862},{"text":"this","start":2182.862,"end":2183.349},{"text":"context,","start":2183.349,"end":2183.836},{"text":"marine","start":2183.836,"end":2184.324},{"text":"scientific","start":2184.324,"end":2184.811},{"text":"research","start":2184.811,"end":2185.299},{"text":"has","start":2185.299,"end":2185.786},{"text":"become","start":2185.786,"end":2186.273},{"text":"indispensable.","start":2186.273,"end":2186.761}]},{"text":"It provide a foundation for evidence based policy making, enable systemal resource management and strengthen resilience to environmental and climatic change.","start":2186.761,"end":2196.996,"topics":[{"key":"marine-scientific-research","label":"Marine Scientific Research","description":"Multiple speakers emphasized joint scientific work between India and Oman, including oceanographic missions, data exchange and research on monsoons, cyclones and marine ecosystems. 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floor is all yours, Excellencies.","start":2710.274,"end":2712.702,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2710.274,"end":2710.679},{"text":"floor","start":2710.679,"end":2711.083},{"text":"is","start":2711.083,"end":2711.488},{"text":"all","start":2711.488,"end":2711.893},{"text":"yours,","start":2711.893,"end":2712.297},{"text":"Excellencies.","start":2712.297,"end":2712.702}]},{"text":"Dear colleagues, thank you.","start":2712.702,"end":2714.32,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Dear","start":2712.702,"end":2713.106},{"text":"colleagues,","start":2713.106,"end":2713.511},{"text":"thank","start":2713.511,"end":2713.915},{"text":"you.","start":2713.915,"end":2714.32}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Raghu","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":19,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Since Oman and India are neighbors across the oceans, I'm also a neighbor with Mozambique here, so I'll shift over to his 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Harish","affiliation":"IND","affiliation_full":"India","group":null,"function":"Permanent Representative"}},{"statement_number":21,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you for your question.","start":2886.23,"end":2888.307,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2886.23,"end":2886.645},{"text":"you","start":2886.645,"end":2887.061},{"text":"for","start":2887.061,"end":2887.476},{"text":"your","start":2887.476,"end":2887.892},{"text":"question.","start":2887.892,"end":2888.307}]},{"text":"Since you mentioned the issue for Blue economy, let me start by putting this statement.","start":2888.307,"end":2894.538,"topics":[{"key":"blue-economy","label":"Blue Economy and Maritime Livelihoods","description":"The discussion also touched on the economic importance of the sea for fisheries, tourism, transport, trade routes and coastal livelihoods. 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Harish","affiliation":"IND","affiliation_full":"India","group":null,"function":"Permanent Representative"}},{"statement_number":24,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":3131.53,"end":3133.12,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3131.53,"end":3131.928},{"text":"you","start":3131.928,"end":3132.325},{"text":"very","start":3132.325,"end":3132.723},{"text":"much.","start":3132.723,"end":3133.12}]},{"text":"Thank you for a wonderful presentation.","start":3133.12,"end":3135.506,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3133.12,"end":3133.518},{"text":"you","start":3133.518,"end":3133.916},{"text":"for","start":3133.916,"end":3134.313},{"text":"a","start":3134.313,"end":3134.711},{"text":"wonderful","start":3134.711,"end":3135.109},{"text":"presentation.","start":3135.109,"end":3135.506}]},{"text":"Honestly, I don't have a question.","start":3135.506,"end":3137.892,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Honestly,","start":3135.506,"end":3135.904},{"text":"I","start":3135.904,"end":3136.301},{"text":"don't","start":3136.301,"end":3136.699},{"text":"have","start":3136.699,"end":3137.097},{"text":"a","start":3137.097,"end":3137.494},{"text":"question.","start":3137.494,"end":3137.892}]},{"text":"I just want to say this reminded me of home.","start":3137.892,"end":3141.868,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3137.892,"end":3138.289},{"text":"just","start":3138.289,"end":3138.687},{"text":"want","start":3138.687,"end":3139.085},{"text":"to","start":3139.085,"end":3139.482},{"text":"say","start":3139.482,"end":3139.88},{"text":"this","start":3139.88,"end":3140.278},{"text":"reminded","start":3140.278,"end":3140.675},{"text":"me","start":3140.675,"end":3141.073},{"text":"of","start":3141.073,"end":3141.47},{"text":"home.","start":3141.47,"end":3141.868}]},{"text":"You know, for until mid 20th century, our national currency was the rupee.","start":3141.868,"end":3147.037,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":3141.868,"end":3142.266},{"text":"know,","start":3142.266,"end":3142.663},{"text":"for","start":3142.663,"end":3143.061},{"text":"until","start":3143.061,"end":3143.458},{"text":"mid","start":3143.458,"end":3143.856},{"text":"20th","start":3143.856,"end":3144.254},{"text":"century,","start":3144.254,"end":3144.651},{"text":"our","start":3144.651,"end":3145.049},{"text":"national","start":3145.049,"end":3145.447},{"text":"currency","start":3145.447,"end":3145.844},{"text":"was","start":3145.844,"end":3146.242},{"text":"the","start":3146.242,"end":3146.639},{"text":"rupee.","start":3146.639,"end":3147.037}]},{"text":"Because of the trade and the history that we've had with India and throughout the Gulf, all of us, the, the connection there and from us to the rest of the world, because the, the land route went from Kuwait to Syria and onto the Mediterranean from there.","start":3147.037,"end":3166.123,"topics":[{"key":"indian-ocean-trade","label":"Indian Ocean Trade Networks","description":"Several statements focused on ancient maritime trade routes linking India, Oman, the Gulf, East Africa and Southeast Asia. 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Harish","affiliation":"IND","affiliation_full":"India","group":null,"function":"Permanent Representative"}}],"topics":[{"key":"blue-economy","label":"Blue Economy and Maritime Livelihoods","description":"The discussion also touched on the economic importance of the sea for fisheries, tourism, transport, trade routes and coastal livelihoods. Speakers stressed that these benefits depend on sustainable management of the Arabian Sea and wider Indian Ocean amid climate and environmental pressures."},{"key":"indian-ocean-trade","label":"Indian Ocean Trade Networks","description":"Several statements focused on ancient maritime trade routes linking India, Oman, the Gulf, East Africa and Southeast Asia. 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