{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k1f/k1fecznpig","kaltura_id":"1_fecznpig","title":"Sixième Commission, 24e séance plénière - Assemblée générale, 80e session","clean_title":"Sixième Commission, 24e séance plénière - Assemblée générale, 80e session","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1f/k1fecznpig","date":"2025-10-23T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2025-10-23T14:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"02:58:05","category":"Assemblée générale","body":"Sixth Committee","event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":"24th plenary meeting","pv_symbol":"A/C.6/80/SR.24","pv_part":1,"slug":"ga/c6/80/24"},"metadata":{"summary":"Legal Committee.","description":"The scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction - Item 85 - A/80/274\nDiplomatic protection - Item 82 - A/80/280","categories":["Meetings & Events","General Assembly","80th Session","Sixth 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principle of universal jurisdiction, following which it will undertake —begin its debate on Agenda Item 82, Diplomatic Protection, to be followed by consideration of Agenda Item 79, United Nations Program of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination, and Wider Appreciation of International 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delegates, let us therefore continue and conclude our debate on Agenda Item 85, the Scope and Application of the Principle of Universal 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draw your attention to the report of the Secretary-General on the item contained in document A/80/274.","start":54.647,"end":62.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":54.647,"end":54.679},{"text":"draw","start":54.728,"end":54.889},{"text":"your","start":54.954,"end":55.084},{"text":"attention","start":55.116,"end":55.537},{"text":"to","start":55.537,"end":55.634},{"text":"the","start":55.634,"end":55.683},{"text":"report","start":55.683,"end":56.087},{"text":"of","start":56.087,"end":56.168},{"text":"the","start":56.168,"end":56.249},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":56.249,"end":57.415},{"text":"on","start":57.544,"end":57.641},{"text":"the","start":57.641,"end":57.787},{"text":"item","start":57.803,"end":58.208},{"text":"contained","start":58.289,"end":58.694},{"text":"in","start":58.694,"end":58.742},{"text":"document","start":58.775,"end":59.487},{"text":"A/80/274.","start":59.892,"end":62.19}]},{"text":"The report is available on the website of the Sixth 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have the floor, sir.","start":75.51,"end":76.177,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":75.51,"end":75.592},{"text":"have","start":75.592,"end":75.705},{"text":"the","start":75.705,"end":75.787},{"text":"floor,","start":75.787,"end":76.014},{"text":"sir.","start":76.03,"end":76.177}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":2,"start":78.282,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=79","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair. The United Kingdom thanks the Secretary-General for his latest report on the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":78.282,"end":86.398,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction-scope","label":"Universal Jurisdiction Scope","description":"Delegations discussed how universal jurisdiction should be defined, what distinguishes it from other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and which crimes it should cover. Several speakers stressed the lack of common international understandings and the need for greater legal clarity."}],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":78.282,"end":78.475},{"text":"you,","start":78.475,"end":78.545},{"text":"Mr.","start":78.563,"end":78.791},{"text":"Chair.","start":78.879,"end":79.159},{"text":"The","start":80.084,"end":80.149},{"text":"United","start":80.149,"end":80.406},{"text":"Kingdom","start":80.406,"end":80.743},{"text":"thanks","start":80.791,"end":81.193},{"text":"the","start":81.193,"end":81.225},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":81.225,"end":81.819},{"text":"for","start":81.852,"end":81.996},{"text":"his","start":81.996,"end":82.06},{"text":"latest","start":82.157,"end":82.43},{"text":"report","start":82.43,"end":82.928},{"text":"on","start":83.137,"end":83.217},{"text":"the","start":83.217,"end":83.281},{"text":"scope","start":83.281,"end":83.619},{"text":"and","start":83.619,"end":83.747},{"text":"application","start":83.844,"end":84.374},{"text":"of","start":84.503,"end":84.583},{"text":"the","start":84.583,"end":84.663},{"text":"principle","start":84.727,"end":85.113},{"text":"of","start":85.306,"end":85.402},{"text":"universal","start":85.402,"end":85.868},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":85.868,"end":86.398}]},{"text":"The report constitutes a helpful contribution to the Committee's deliberations on this topic.","start":86.912,"end":91.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":86.912,"end":86.977},{"text":"report","start":86.977,"end":87.314},{"text":"constitutes","start":87.378,"end":87.941},{"text":"a","start":88.021,"end":88.037},{"text":"helpful","start":88.037,"end":88.391},{"text":"contribution","start":88.439,"end":88.969},{"text":"to","start":89.226,"end":89.29},{"text":"the","start":89.322,"end":89.403},{"text":"Committee's","start":89.403,"end":89.804},{"text":"deliberations","start":89.804,"end":90.495},{"text":"on","start":90.624,"end":90.704},{"text":"this","start":90.752,"end":90.817},{"text":"topic.","start":90.929,"end":91.25}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, universal jurisdiction can be a necessary and important tool to ensure that the perpetrators of the most serious international crimes do not evade justice.","start":92.134,"end":100.665,"topics":[{"key":"accountability-international-crimes","label":"Accountability for International Crimes","description":"A central theme was the fight against impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other serious violations of international humanitarian law. Speakers presented universal jurisdiction as an important tool to investigate and prosecute the gravest crimes when other avenues fail."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":92.134,"end":92.311},{"text":"Chair,","start":92.359,"end":92.696},{"text":"universal","start":92.921,"end":93.323},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":93.339,"end":93.885},{"text":"can","start":93.982,"end":94.207},{"text":"be","start":94.207,"end":94.255},{"text":"a","start":94.303,"end":94.319},{"text":"necessary","start":94.319,"end":94.913},{"text":"and","start":94.946,"end":95.01},{"text":"important","start":95.01,"end":95.508},{"text":"tool","start":95.508,"end":95.845},{"text":"to","start":95.926,"end":96.054},{"text":"ensure","start":96.054,"end":96.311},{"text":"that","start":96.311,"end":96.472},{"text":"the","start":96.472,"end":96.552},{"text":"perpetrators","start":96.552,"end":97.243},{"text":"of","start":97.339,"end":97.436},{"text":"the","start":97.436,"end":97.5},{"text":"most","start":97.5,"end":97.629},{"text":"serious","start":97.629,"end":98.03},{"text":"international","start":98.159,"end":98.769},{"text":"crimes","start":98.785,"end":99.171},{"text":"do","start":99.508,"end":99.605},{"text":"not","start":99.605,"end":99.798},{"text":"evade","start":99.926,"end":100.215},{"text":"justice.","start":100.247,"end":100.665}]},{"text":"However, the United Kingdom notes the continued lack of international consensus regarding the nature, scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":101.452,"end":109.177,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction-scope","label":"Universal Jurisdiction Scope","description":"Delegations discussed how universal jurisdiction should be defined, what distinguishes it from other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and which crimes it should cover. Several speakers stressed the lack of common international understandings and the need for greater legal clarity."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":101.452,"end":101.693},{"text":"the","start":101.709,"end":101.838},{"text":"United","start":101.838,"end":102.159},{"text":"Kingdom","start":102.159,"end":102.416},{"text":"notes","start":102.416,"end":102.754},{"text":"the","start":102.802,"end":102.898},{"text":"continued","start":102.898,"end":103.348},{"text":"lack","start":103.364,"end":103.637},{"text":"of","start":103.637,"end":103.718},{"text":"international","start":103.718,"end":104.344},{"text":"consensus","start":104.344,"end":104.875},{"text":"regarding","start":104.987,"end":105.357},{"text":"the","start":105.389,"end":105.485},{"text":"nature,","start":105.485,"end":105.951},{"text":"scope","start":106.08,"end":106.451},{"text":"and","start":106.515,"end":106.596},{"text":"application","start":106.596,"end":107.128},{"text":"of","start":107.402,"end":107.467},{"text":"the","start":107.467,"end":107.564},{"text":"principle","start":107.564,"end":108.112},{"text":"of","start":108.145,"end":108.274},{"text":"universal","start":108.274,"end":108.693},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":108.693,"end":109.177}]},{"text":"The United Kingdom's view is that the term universal jurisdiction refers to jurisdiction over a crime irrespective of the location of the alleged crime, the nationality of the alleged perpetrator, the nationality of the victim, or other links between the crime and the prosecuting state.","start":110.371,"end":126.424,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction-scope","label":"Universal Jurisdiction Scope","description":"Delegations discussed how universal jurisdiction should be defined, what distinguishes it from other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and which crimes it should cover. 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Several speakers stressed the lack of common international understandings and the need for greater legal clarity."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":127.15,"end":127.247},{"text":"is","start":127.247,"end":127.311},{"text":"distinct","start":127.311,"end":127.763},{"text":"both","start":127.876,"end":128.086},{"text":"from","start":128.199,"end":128.538},{"text":"the","start":128.538,"end":128.667},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":128.667,"end":129.167},{"text":"of","start":129.167,"end":129.248},{"text":"international","start":129.248,"end":129.812},{"text":"judicial","start":129.812,"end":130.2},{"text":"mechanisms","start":130.2,"end":130.829},{"text":"and","start":131.281,"end":131.394},{"text":"from","start":131.394,"end":131.588},{"text":"other","start":131.588,"end":131.749},{"text":"categories","start":131.749,"end":132.217},{"text":"boundaries","start":132.06,"end":132.381},{"text":"of","start":132.397,"end":132.461},{"text":"extraterritorial","start":132.573,"end":133.376},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":133.376,"end":133.906}]},{"text":"However, there is a significant overlap between universal jurisdiction on the one hand and extradite or prosecute regimes on the other.","start":134.885,"end":141.469,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction-scope","label":"Universal Jurisdiction Scope","description":"Delegations discussed how universal jurisdiction should be defined, what distinguishes it from other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and which crimes it should cover. 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Speakers also referred to requirements such as the presence of the accused, consultation with relevant states, and avoiding politicized or selective use."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":145.659,"end":145.708},{"text":"United","start":145.708,"end":145.981},{"text":"Kingdom","start":146.045,"end":146.366},{"text":"continues","start":146.639,"end":147.072},{"text":"to","start":147.105,"end":147.201},{"text":"note","start":147.201,"end":147.426},{"text":"the","start":147.426,"end":147.506},{"text":"practical","start":147.506,"end":147.891},{"text":"constraints","start":147.907,"end":148.55},{"text":"on","start":148.55,"end":148.598},{"text":"delivering","start":148.63,"end":149.015},{"text":"justice","start":149.096,"end":149.513},{"text":"through","start":149.513,"end":149.625},{"text":"the","start":149.674,"end":149.754},{"text":"exercise","start":149.834,"end":150.316},{"text":"of","start":150.332,"end":150.46},{"text":"universal","start":150.46,"end":150.878},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":150.878,"end":151.424}]},{"text":"The premise of the territorial approach to jurisdiction reflects the reality that the authorities of the state in whose territory an offence is committed are generally best placed to investigate and prosecute that offence, not least because of the obvious advantages in securing the evidence and witnesses necessary for a successful prosecution as part of a credible judicial process.","start":152.548,"end":171.39,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction-safeguards","label":"Universal Jurisdiction Safeguards","description":"Statements addressed the conditions and limits for exercising universal jurisdiction, including respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, immunities, and non-interference. 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Speakers presented universal jurisdiction as an important tool to investigate and prosecute the gravest crimes when other avenues fail."}],"words":[{"text":"Consequently,","start":172.449,"end":172.994},{"text":"there","start":173.813,"end":173.973},{"text":"are","start":173.973,"end":174.133},{"text":"only","start":174.133,"end":174.278},{"text":"a","start":174.294,"end":174.326},{"text":"small","start":174.326,"end":174.663},{"text":"number","start":174.711,"end":175.016},{"text":"of","start":175.016,"end":175.048},{"text":"offences","start":175.048,"end":175.481},{"text":"in","start":175.674,"end":175.722},{"text":"respect","start":175.818,"end":176.171},{"text":"of","start":176.171,"end":176.3},{"text":"which","start":176.3,"end":176.364},{"text":"courts","start":176.54,"end":176.797},{"text":"in","start":176.797,"end":176.845},{"text":"the","start":176.877,"end":176.958},{"text":"United","start":176.958,"end":177.343},{"text":"Kingdom","start":177.343,"end":177.616},{"text":"may","start":177.985,"end":178.145},{"text":"exercise","start":178.225,"end":178.691},{"text":"universal","start":178.723,"end":179.076},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":179.076,"end":179.573}]},{"text":"The UK continues to consider that questions as to whether universal jurisdiction should apply to a this particular crime are best approached collaboratively between states.","start":179.99,"end":188.444,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":179.99,"end":180.151},{"text":"UK","start":180.953,"end":181.274},{"text":"continues","start":181.274,"end":181.756},{"text":"to","start":181.756,"end":181.852},{"text":"consider","start":181.852,"end":182.189},{"text":"that","start":182.253,"end":182.397},{"text":"questions","start":182.397,"end":182.783},{"text":"as","start":182.879,"end":182.943},{"text":"to","start":182.975,"end":183.071},{"text":"whether","start":183.071,"end":183.296},{"text":"universal","start":183.296,"end":183.842},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":183.842,"end":184.403},{"text":"should","start":184.403,"end":184.58},{"text":"apply","start":184.58,"end":184.901},{"text":"to","start":184.901,"end":185.045},{"text":"a","start":185.045,"end":185.222},{"text":"this","start":185.19,"end":185.27},{"text":"particular","start":185.27,"end":185.529},{"text":"crime","start":185.529,"end":186.015},{"text":"are","start":186.339,"end":186.388},{"text":"best","start":186.42,"end":186.663},{"text":"approached","start":186.663,"end":187.003},{"text":"collaboratively","start":187.003,"end":187.65},{"text":"between","start":187.796,"end":188.071},{"text":"states.","start":188.071,"end":188.444}]},{"text":"The UK considers that this is generally best achieved by means of international agreements.","start":188.865,"end":192.507,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":188.865,"end":188.913},{"text":"UK","start":188.929,"end":189.269},{"text":"considers","start":189.269,"end":189.723},{"text":"that","start":189.739,"end":189.82},{"text":"this","start":189.82,"end":189.933},{"text":"is","start":189.933,"end":190.014},{"text":"generally","start":190.063,"end":190.403},{"text":"best","start":190.403,"end":190.645},{"text":"achieved","start":190.645,"end":191.018},{"text":"by","start":191.05,"end":191.277},{"text":"means","start":191.277,"end":191.39},{"text":"of","start":191.39,"end":191.471},{"text":"international","start":191.471,"end":192.021},{"text":"agreements.","start":192.021,"end":192.507}]},{"text":"Finally, Mr. Chair, the UK considers that there would be merit in seeking to reach shared views in respect of definitional issues.","start":193.35,"end":199.418,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction-scope","label":"Universal Jurisdiction Scope","description":"Delegations discussed how universal jurisdiction should be defined, what distinguishes it from other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and which crimes it should cover. Several speakers stressed the lack of common international understandings and the need for greater legal 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UK stands ready to contribute further to discussions in the CIT Committee to this end.","start":199.936,"end":203.6,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":199.936,"end":200.001},{"text":"UK","start":200.001,"end":200.276},{"text":"stands","start":200.276,"end":200.648},{"text":"ready","start":200.648,"end":200.842},{"text":"to","start":200.842,"end":200.972},{"text":"contribute","start":200.972,"end":201.409},{"text":"further","start":201.409,"end":201.7},{"text":"to","start":201.7,"end":201.797},{"text":"discussions","start":201.797,"end":202.268},{"text":"in","start":202.268,"end":202.35},{"text":"the","start":202.35,"end":202.433},{"text":"CIT","start":202.433,"end":202.679},{"text":"Committee","start":202.679,"end":202.992},{"text":"to","start":203.107,"end":203.206},{"text":"this","start":203.206,"end":203.321},{"text":"end.","start":203.419,"end":203.6}]},{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":204.011,"end":204.587,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":204.011,"end":204.176},{"text":"you,","start":204.176,"end":204.225},{"text":"Mr.","start":204.242,"end":204.439},{"text":"Chair.","start":204.505,"end":204.587}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"GBR","affiliation_full":"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":3,"start":206.766,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=207","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom for his 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Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":4,"start":220.07,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=221","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Muchas gracias.","start":220.07,"end":220.585,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Muchas","start":220.07,"end":220.311},{"text":"gracias.","start":220.311,"end":220.585}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much for giving me the floor, Mr. Chairman.","start":221.148,"end":223.289,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":221.148,"end":221.389},{"text":"you","start":221.389,"end":221.47},{"text":"very","start":221.47,"end":221.679},{"text":"much","start":221.695,"end":221.872},{"text":"for","start":221.872,"end":221.953},{"text":"giving","start":221.953,"end":222.162},{"text":"me","start":222.194,"end":222.275},{"text":"the","start":222.275,"end":222.355},{"text":"floor,","start":222.355,"end":222.629},{"text":"Mr.","start":222.693,"end":222.951},{"text":"Chairman.","start":222.999,"end":223.289}]},{"text":"My delegation aligns itself with the statement delivered by the African Group and the Non-Aligned Movement.","start":224.512,"end":229.68,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":224.512,"end":224.625},{"text":"delegation","start":224.625,"end":225.205},{"text":"aligns","start":225.253,"end":225.591},{"text":"itself","start":225.591,"end":226.058},{"text":"with","start":226.058,"end":226.17},{"text":"the","start":226.203,"end":226.315},{"text":"statement","start":226.315,"end":226.734},{"text":"delivered","start":226.766,"end":227.088},{"text":"by","start":227.088,"end":227.217},{"text":"the","start":227.281,"end":227.555},{"text":"African","start":227.587,"end":227.877},{"text":"Group","start":227.989,"end":228.311},{"text":"and","start":228.376,"end":228.505},{"text":"the","start":228.617,"end":228.81},{"text":"Non-Aligned","start":228.81,"end":229.229},{"text":"Movement.","start":229.277,"end":229.68}]},{"text":"In my national capacity, I'd like to make the following 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the extent that it constitutes the most appropriate and effective basis for the sovereign exercise of judicial 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system recognizes the concept of universal jurisdiction, albeit in a limited manner restricted to certain serious offenses, including those defined in international treaties that are duly ratified by my 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these legal instruments, such as the Geneva Convention on Genocide or the UN Treaties Against Torture, establish robust foundations for states to exercise universal jurisdiction, it's worth noting that this jurisdiction is mainly underpinned by specific international treaties, not customary law, which implies norms that are generally accepted and binding on all states.","start":292.235,"end":319.569,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"While","start":292.235,"end":292.475},{"text":"these","start":292.475,"end":292.684},{"text":"legal","start":292.716,"end":293.101},{"text":"instruments,","start":293.182,"end":293.727},{"text":"such","start":293.759,"end":293.968},{"text":"as","start":294.145,"end":294.289},{"text":"the","start":294.466,"end":294.562},{"text":"Geneva","start":294.562,"end":295.028},{"text":"Convention","start":295.028,"end":295.509},{"text":"on","start":295.509,"end":295.573},{"text":"Genocide","start":295.605,"end":296.376},{"text":"or","start":296.472,"end":296.713},{"text":"the","start":296.713,"end":296.873},{"text":"UN","start":296.889,"end":297.259},{"text":"Treaties","start":297.772,"end":298.141},{"text":"Against","start":298.19,"end":298.511},{"text":"Torture,","start":298.575,"end":299.217},{"text":"establish","start":299.714,"end":300.132},{"text":"robust","start":300.726,"end":301.207},{"text":"foundations","start":301.207,"end":301.833},{"text":"for","start":301.945,"end":302.106},{"text":"states","start":302.106,"end":302.507},{"text":"to","start":302.507,"end":302.668},{"text":"exercise","start":302.668,"end":303.278},{"text":"universal","start":303.294,"end":303.791},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":303.791,"end":304.465},{"text":"it's","start":305.156,"end":305.38},{"text":"worth","start":305.38,"end":305.605},{"text":"noting","start":305.637,"end":306.07},{"text":"that","start":306.119,"end":306.343},{"text":"this","start":306.343,"end":306.52},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":306.52,"end":307.371},{"text":"is","start":307.627,"end":307.932},{"text":"mainly","start":308.189,"end":308.574},{"text":"underpinned","start":308.831,"end":309.457},{"text":"by","start":309.489,"end":309.682},{"text":"specific","start":310.067,"end":310.645},{"text":"international","start":310.757,"end":311.496},{"text":"treaties,","start":311.496,"end":312.106},{"text":"not","start":312.234,"end":312.475},{"text":"customary","start":312.603,"end":313.149},{"text":"law,","start":313.245,"end":313.374},{"text":"which","start":314.224,"end":314.513},{"text":"implies","start":314.947,"end":315.557},{"text":"norms","start":315.91,"end":316.359},{"text":"that","start":316.391,"end":316.616},{"text":"are","start":316.696,"end":316.969},{"text":"generally","start":317.033,"end":317.402},{"text":"accepted","start":317.515,"end":318.157},{"text":"and","start":318.157,"end":318.317},{"text":"binding","start":318.317,"end":318.767},{"text":"on","start":318.879,"end":318.927},{"text":"all","start":319.104,"end":319.136},{"text":"states.","start":319.136,"end":319.569}]},{"text":"Equatorial Guinea acknowledges the importance of the principle of universal jurisdiction, since when it is correctly applied, it can be a powerful tool in fighting impunity for the most serious crimes against humanity and ensuring justice and redress for victims.","start":320.788,"end":336.406,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Equatorial","start":320.788,"end":321.253},{"text":"Guinea","start":321.365,"end":321.574},{"text":"acknowledges","start":321.606,"end":322.135},{"text":"the","start":322.231,"end":322.327},{"text":"importance","start":322.327,"end":322.808},{"text":"of","start":322.808,"end":322.873},{"text":"the","start":322.873,"end":322.969},{"text":"principle","start":322.969,"end":323.306},{"text":"of","start":323.306,"end":323.45},{"text":"universal","start":323.45,"end":324.236},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":324.236,"end":324.893},{"text":"since","start":324.989,"end":325.454},{"text":"when","start":325.615,"end":325.759},{"text":"it","start":325.759,"end":325.935},{"text":"is","start":326,"end":326.064},{"text":"correctly","start":326.32,"end":326.817},{"text":"applied,","start":326.881,"end":327.475},{"text":"it","start":327.603,"end":327.651},{"text":"can","start":327.763,"end":327.988},{"text":"be","start":328.02,"end":328.18},{"text":"a","start":328.18,"end":328.261},{"text":"powerful","start":328.261,"end":328.726},{"text":"tool","start":328.806,"end":329.014},{"text":"in","start":329.704,"end":329.752},{"text":"fighting","start":329.848,"end":330.313},{"text":"impunity","start":330.345,"end":330.954},{"text":"for","start":331.051,"end":331.211},{"text":"the","start":331.211,"end":331.291},{"text":"most","start":331.291,"end":331.564},{"text":"serious","start":331.564,"end":332.109},{"text":"crimes","start":332.109,"end":332.398},{"text":"against","start":332.51,"end":332.831},{"text":"humanity","start":332.831,"end":333.44},{"text":"and","start":333.697,"end":333.857},{"text":"ensuring","start":333.857,"end":334.242},{"text":"justice","start":334.354,"end":334.883},{"text":"and","start":335.14,"end":335.204},{"text":"redress","start":335.3,"end":335.717},{"text":"for","start":335.717,"end":335.797},{"text":"victims.","start":335.797,"end":336.406}]},{"text":"However, we are concerned that in some cases, particularly involving African states, this principle has been applied selectively abusively and with double standards.","start":337.337,"end":349.189,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":337.337,"end":337.962},{"text":"we","start":338.202,"end":338.443},{"text":"are","start":338.828,"end":339.068},{"text":"concerned","start":339.068,"end":339.934},{"text":"that","start":339.966,"end":340.175},{"text":"in","start":340.351,"end":340.496},{"text":"some","start":340.704,"end":340.993},{"text":"cases,","start":341.81,"end":342.259},{"text":"particularly","start":342.372,"end":342.837},{"text":"involving","start":342.837,"end":343.302},{"text":"African","start":343.334,"end":343.719},{"text":"states,","start":343.799,"end":344.2},{"text":"this","start":344.216,"end":344.456},{"text":"principle","start":344.456,"end":345.082},{"text":"has","start":345.082,"end":345.226},{"text":"been","start":345.258,"end":345.418},{"text":"applied","start":345.418,"end":345.883},{"text":"selectively","start":345.883,"end":346.589},{"text":"abusively","start":347.006,"end":347.632},{"text":"and","start":347.809,"end":348.13},{"text":"with","start":348.13,"end":348.306},{"text":"double","start":348.306,"end":348.595},{"text":"standards.","start":348.627,"end":349.189}]},{"text":"Such practices undermine its legitimate purpose and turn it into a tool of interference contrary to the fundamental principles enshrined in the UN Charter.","start":349.606,"end":358.097,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":349.606,"end":349.879},{"text":"practices","start":349.991,"end":350.521},{"text":"undermine","start":350.698,"end":351.243},{"text":"its","start":351.596,"end":351.917},{"text":"legitimate","start":351.917,"end":352.351},{"text":"purpose","start":352.399,"end":352.88},{"text":"and","start":352.88,"end":353.025},{"text":"turn","start":353.025,"end":353.217},{"text":"it","start":353.217,"end":353.346},{"text":"into","start":353.362,"end":353.635},{"text":"a","start":353.683,"end":353.699},{"text":"tool","start":353.699,"end":354.084},{"text":"of","start":354.084,"end":354.164},{"text":"interference","start":354.164,"end":354.951},{"text":"contrary","start":354.951,"end":355.288},{"text":"to","start":355.288,"end":355.384},{"text":"the","start":355.384,"end":355.529},{"text":"fundamental","start":355.529,"end":356.235},{"text":"principles","start":356.251,"end":356.748},{"text":"enshrined","start":356.813,"end":357.214},{"text":"in","start":357.214,"end":357.278},{"text":"the","start":357.294,"end":357.374},{"text":"UN","start":357.374,"end":357.583},{"text":"Charter.","start":357.615,"end":358.097}]},{"text":"Chairman, my delegation supports the continued exhaustive examination of this principle within the framework of the Sixth Committee, and we reiterate our observations as follows.","start":359.14,"end":369.38,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chairman,","start":359.14,"end":359.493},{"text":"my","start":359.605,"end":359.766},{"text":"delegation","start":359.766,"end":360.295},{"text":"supports","start":360.344,"end":360.793},{"text":"the","start":360.905,"end":361.162},{"text":"continued","start":361.21,"end":362.238},{"text":"exhaustive","start":362.494,"end":363.168},{"text":"examination","start":363.168,"end":363.843},{"text":"of","start":363.971,"end":364.051},{"text":"this","start":364.115,"end":364.276},{"text":"principle","start":364.276,"end":364.838},{"text":"within","start":364.838,"end":365.078},{"text":"the","start":365.078,"end":365.159},{"text":"framework","start":365.159,"end":365.656},{"text":"of","start":365.656,"end":365.785},{"text":"the","start":365.785,"end":365.817},{"text":"Sixth","start":365.817,"end":366.09},{"text":"Committee,","start":366.122,"end":366.571},{"text":"and","start":366.764,"end":366.892},{"text":"we","start":366.924,"end":367.149},{"text":"reiterate","start":367.149,"end":367.807},{"text":"our","start":367.807,"end":367.871},{"text":"observations","start":367.871,"end":368.738},{"text":"as","start":368.834,"end":368.898},{"text":"follows.","start":369.011,"end":369.38}]},{"text":"Firstly, it is essential to establish a precise definition of the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":369.974,"end":375.655,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Firstly,","start":369.974,"end":370.503},{"text":"it","start":371.338,"end":371.498},{"text":"is","start":371.498,"end":371.547},{"text":"essential","start":371.595,"end":372.205},{"text":"to","start":372.205,"end":372.317},{"text":"establish","start":372.365,"end":372.798},{"text":"a","start":372.927,"end":372.943},{"text":"precise","start":373.023,"end":373.473},{"text":"definition","start":373.505,"end":374.066},{"text":"of","start":374.066,"end":374.147},{"text":"the","start":374.147,"end":374.291},{"text":"principle","start":374.291,"end":374.724},{"text":"of","start":374.773,"end":374.837},{"text":"universal","start":374.853,"end":375.431},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":375.431,"end":375.655}]},{"text":"Jurisdiction and to clearly identify the offenses that might fall within its ambit.","start":375.834,"end":381.619,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Jurisdiction","start":375.834,"end":376.192},{"text":"and","start":376.225,"end":376.551},{"text":"to","start":376.551,"end":376.779},{"text":"clearly","start":376.795,"end":377.186},{"text":"identify","start":377.203,"end":377.903},{"text":"the","start":378.343,"end":378.604},{"text":"offenses","start":378.686,"end":379.305},{"text":"that","start":379.403,"end":379.468},{"text":"might","start":379.566,"end":379.712},{"text":"fall","start":379.745,"end":380.071},{"text":"within","start":380.071,"end":380.283},{"text":"its","start":380.381,"end":380.674},{"text":"ambit.","start":381.277,"end":381.619}]},{"text":"We believe that an overly broad interpretation could lead to jurisdictional conflicts between states and potentially affect fundamental guarantees and human rights enshrined in international law.","start":382.26,"end":394.632,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":382.26,"end":382.453},{"text":"believe","start":382.839,"end":383.21},{"text":"that","start":383.322,"end":383.757},{"text":"an","start":383.966,"end":384.031},{"text":"overly","start":384.369,"end":384.755},{"text":"broad","start":384.788,"end":385.11},{"text":"interpretation","start":385.11,"end":386.011},{"text":"could","start":386.076,"end":386.221},{"text":"lead","start":386.301,"end":386.607},{"text":"to","start":386.639,"end":386.897},{"text":"jurisdictional","start":386.945,"end":387.67},{"text":"conflicts","start":387.67,"end":388.25},{"text":"between","start":388.25,"end":388.62},{"text":"states","start":388.668,"end":389.216},{"text":"and","start":389.296,"end":389.361},{"text":"potentially","start":389.441,"end":389.989},{"text":"affect","start":390.021,"end":390.359},{"text":"fundamental","start":390.729,"end":391.132},{"text":"guarantees","start":391.213,"end":391.599},{"text":"and","start":391.792,"end":391.905},{"text":"human","start":391.938,"end":392.18},{"text":"rights","start":392.276,"end":392.551},{"text":"enshrined","start":392.744,"end":393.373},{"text":"in","start":393.486,"end":393.615},{"text":"international","start":393.631,"end":394.373},{"text":"law.","start":394.373,"end":394.632}]},{"text":"Secondly, the scope and application of this principle must be carried out in accordance with the principles of sovereign equality of states, non-interference in internal affairs, and territorial integrity as set out in the Charter.","start":396.487,"end":410.08,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Secondly,","start":396.487,"end":397.164},{"text":"the","start":398.326,"end":398.406},{"text":"scope","start":398.406,"end":398.793},{"text":"and","start":398.793,"end":398.874},{"text":"application","start":398.874,"end":399.455},{"text":"of","start":399.519,"end":399.584},{"text":"this","start":399.616,"end":399.89},{"text":"principle","start":399.923,"end":400.503},{"text":"must","start":400.503,"end":400.955},{"text":"be","start":401.052,"end":401.261},{"text":"carried","start":401.948,"end":402.286},{"text":"out","start":402.286,"end":402.527},{"text":"in","start":402.527,"end":402.608},{"text":"accordance","start":402.608,"end":403.091},{"text":"with","start":403.091,"end":403.236},{"text":"the","start":403.236,"end":403.284},{"text":"principles","start":403.333,"end":403.896},{"text":"of","start":403.896,"end":403.993},{"text":"sovereign","start":403.993,"end":404.331},{"text":"equality","start":404.363,"end":404.846},{"text":"of","start":404.846,"end":404.895},{"text":"states,","start":404.943,"end":405.426},{"text":"non-interference","start":405.523,"end":406.312},{"text":"in","start":406.312,"end":406.392},{"text":"internal","start":406.392,"end":406.811},{"text":"affairs,","start":406.811,"end":407.246},{"text":"and","start":407.294,"end":407.423},{"text":"territorial","start":407.423,"end":407.939},{"text":"integrity","start":407.939,"end":408.534},{"text":"as","start":408.647,"end":408.776},{"text":"set","start":408.985,"end":409.275},{"text":"out","start":409.275,"end":409.533},{"text":"in","start":409.533,"end":409.613},{"text":"the","start":409.613,"end":409.694},{"text":"Charter.","start":409.694,"end":410.08}]},{"text":"Furthermore, all other international legal obligations must be considered, including immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction for heads of state, governments, and other high officials in office.","start":412.43,"end":425.404,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":412.43,"end":412.801},{"text":"all","start":413.091,"end":413.14},{"text":"other","start":413.575,"end":413.817},{"text":"international","start":414.221,"end":414.834},{"text":"legal","start":414.947,"end":415.205},{"text":"obligations","start":415.205,"end":415.98},{"text":"must","start":416.077,"end":416.319},{"text":"be","start":416.335,"end":416.529},{"text":"considered,","start":416.561,"end":417.191},{"text":"including","start":417.368,"end":417.917},{"text":"immunity","start":418.03,"end":418.562},{"text":"from","start":418.611,"end":419.03},{"text":"foreign","start":419.079,"end":419.45},{"text":"criminal","start":419.886,"end":420.209},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":420.209,"end":420.903},{"text":"for","start":420.999,"end":421.209},{"text":"heads","start":421.241,"end":421.467},{"text":"of","start":421.5,"end":421.629},{"text":"state,","start":421.71,"end":421.983},{"text":"governments,","start":422.143,"end":422.657},{"text":"and","start":422.77,"end":422.882},{"text":"other","start":423.011,"end":423.236},{"text":"high","start":424.055,"end":424.28},{"text":"officials","start":424.296,"end":424.842},{"text":"in","start":425.019,"end":425.067},{"text":"office.","start":425.115,"end":425.404}]},{"text":"Third, it is crucial to respect the principle of complementarity, recognizing that universal jurisdiction is a complement to territorial and national-based jurisdictions.","start":426.802,"end":437.982,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":426.802,"end":427.172},{"text":"it","start":427.284,"end":427.429},{"text":"is","start":427.429,"end":427.493},{"text":"crucial","start":427.589,"end":427.959},{"text":"to","start":428.007,"end":428.232},{"text":"respect","start":428.232,"end":428.65},{"text":"the","start":428.65,"end":428.73},{"text":"principle","start":428.73,"end":429.356},{"text":"of","start":429.389,"end":429.469},{"text":"complementarity,","start":429.517,"end":430.545},{"text":"recognizing","start":430.658,"end":430.979},{"text":"that","start":430.979,"end":431.027},{"text":"universal","start":431.027,"end":431.22},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":431.22,"end":433.485},{"text":"is","start":433.346,"end":433.49},{"text":"a","start":433.587,"end":433.635},{"text":"complement","start":433.683,"end":434.469},{"text":"to","start":434.469,"end":434.742},{"text":"territorial","start":435.11,"end":435.977},{"text":"and","start":436.169,"end":436.394},{"text":"national-based","start":436.394,"end":437.196},{"text":"jurisdictions.","start":437.196,"end":437.982}]},{"text":"This means that universal jurisdiction should be used as a measure of last resort, exercised only when territorial or nationality-based states are unable or unwilling to fulfill their responsibilities under international 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conclusion, Chairman, we urge states to renew and expand their cooperation agreements with other states and with regional and international organizations in the field of criminal law, particularly with regard to mutual legal assistance and extradition.","start":453.894,"end":471.711,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":453.894,"end":454.023},{"text":"conclusion,","start":454.039,"end":454.584},{"text":"Chairman,","start":454.696,"end":455.065},{"text":"we","start":456.124,"end":456.284},{"text":"urge","start":456.445,"end":456.653},{"text":"states","start":456.701,"end":457.134},{"text":"to","start":457.183,"end":457.407},{"text":"renew","start":457.407,"end":457.792},{"text":"and","start":457.808,"end":457.904},{"text":"expand","start":457.904,"end":458.354},{"text":"their","start":458.386,"end":458.562},{"text":"cooperation","start":458.61,"end":459.22},{"text":"agreements","start":459.252,"end":459.829},{"text":"with","start":459.829,"end":460.07},{"text":"other","start":460.07,"end":460.23},{"text":"states","start":460.23,"end":460.663},{"text":"and","start":461.098,"end":461.276},{"text":"with","start":461.276,"end":461.485},{"text":"regional","start":461.501,"end":461.84},{"text":"and","start":461.84,"end":461.92},{"text":"international","start":461.92,"end":462.629},{"text":"organizations","start":462.709,"end":463.741},{"text":"in","start":463.773,"end":463.902},{"text":"the","start":463.934,"end":464.015},{"text":"field","start":464.015,"end":464.433},{"text":"of","start":464.433,"end":464.546},{"text":"criminal","start":464.885,"end":465.384},{"text":"law,","start":465.384,"end":465.497},{"text":"particularly","start":466.254,"end":466.963},{"text":"with","start":467.221,"end":467.414},{"text":"regard","start":467.414,"end":467.93},{"text":"to","start":468.026,"end":468.3},{"text":"mutual","start":468.687,"end":469.283},{"text":"legal","start":469.975,"end":470.216},{"text":"assistance","start":470.216,"end":470.859},{"text":"and","start":470.859,"end":470.956},{"text":"extradition.","start":470.956,"end":471.711}]},{"text":"In turn, we reaffirm our commitment to an international justice system that is above all fair, impartial, and 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Guinea.","start":482.22,"end":487.153,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":482.22,"end":482.333},{"text":"thank","start":482.333,"end":482.721},{"text":"the","start":482.721,"end":482.85},{"text":"Vice","start":483.141,"end":483.335},{"text":"Chair,","start":483.464,"end":483.658},{"text":"the","start":483.852,"end":483.949},{"text":"distinguished,","start":483.949,"end":484.886},{"text":"uh,","start":484.903,"end":485.08},{"text":"representative","start":485.145,"end":485.969},{"text":"of","start":485.969,"end":486.099},{"text":"Equatorial","start":486.307,"end":486.958},{"text":"Guinea.","start":486.958,"end":487.153}]},{"text":"I give the floor now to the distinguished representative of 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Chair, Vietnam believes that impunity for the most Serious international crimes must never be tolerated.","start":508.493,"end":516.341,"topics":[{"key":"accountability-international-crimes","label":"Accountability for International Crimes","description":"A central theme was the fight against impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other serious violations of international humanitarian law. 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Speakers also referred to requirements such as the presence of the accused, consultation with relevant states, and avoiding politicized or selective use."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":603.12,"end":603.265},{"text":"must","start":603.265,"end":603.522},{"text":"also","start":603.65,"end":603.907},{"text":"fully","start":603.907,"end":604.228},{"text":"respect","start":604.228,"end":604.71},{"text":"for","start":604.71,"end":604.902},{"text":"the","start":604.935,"end":605.031},{"text":"immunity","start":605.095,"end":605.561},{"text":"of","start":605.593,"end":605.689},{"text":"state","start":605.689,"end":606.01},{"text":"officials","start":606.058,"end":606.604},{"text":"performing","start":607.118,"end":607.648},{"text":"official","start":607.857,"end":608.403},{"text":"duty","start":608.403,"end":608.772},{"text":"from","start":608.804,"end":609.093},{"text":"foreign","start":609.27,"end":609.575},{"text":"criminal","start":609.768,"end":610.249},{"text":"jurisdictions","start":610.249,"end":610.94},{"text":"as","start":611.518,"end":611.582},{"text":"provided","start":611.759,"end":612.256},{"text":"for","start":612.256,"end":612.594},{"text":"under","start":613.461,"end":613.685},{"text":"international","start":613.701,"end":614.344},{"text":"law.","start":614.344,"end":614.424}]},{"text":"Second, The principle should apply only to the most serious crimes recognized under international law.","start":615.725,"end":623.226,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction-scope","label":"Universal Jurisdiction Scope","description":"Delegations discussed how universal jurisdiction should be defined, what distinguishes it from other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and which crimes it should cover. 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Speakers also referred to requirements such as the presence of the accused, consultation with relevant states, and avoiding politicized or selective use."}],"words":[{"text":"Extending","start":624.337,"end":624.932},{"text":"its","start":625.126,"end":625.271},{"text":"scope","start":625.271,"end":625.689},{"text":"beyond","start":625.689,"end":626.092},{"text":"this","start":626.092,"end":626.418},{"text":"category","start":626.418,"end":626.957},{"text":"would","start":627.381,"end":627.544},{"text":"affect","start":627.544,"end":627.936},{"text":"its","start":628.05,"end":628.311},{"text":"legitimacy","start":628.458,"end":629.159},{"text":"and","start":629.437,"end":629.665},{"text":"risk","start":629.665,"end":630.008},{"text":"politicization.","start":630.66,"end":631.639}]},{"text":"Third, universal jurisdiction should be exercised only as last resort, complementing other jurisdictions with a closer nexus to the crime.","start":634.22,"end":643.715,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction-safeguards","label":"Universal Jurisdiction Safeguards","description":"Statements addressed the conditions and limits for exercising universal jurisdiction, including respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, immunities, and non-interference. 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Cross welcomes the continued interest of the United Nations General Assembly in the principle of universal jurisdiction and takes note of the Secretary-General's most recent report on this 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principle of universal jurisdiction is one of the key tools for ensuring that serious violations of international humanitarian law are deterred, and when they do occur, are investigated and, if appropriate, prosecuted.","start":823.441,"end":837.737,"topics":[{"key":"accountability-international-crimes","label":"Accountability for International Crimes","description":"A central theme was the fight against impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other serious violations of international humanitarian law. 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Several speakers stressed the lack of common international understandings and the need for greater legal clarity."}],"words":[{"text":"Other","start":897.205,"end":897.445},{"text":"international","start":897.462,"end":898.04},{"text":"instruments","start":898.04,"end":898.778},{"text":"place","start":898.907,"end":899.244},{"text":"a","start":899.244,"end":899.26},{"text":"similar","start":899.308,"end":899.838},{"text":"obligation","start":899.854,"end":900.4},{"text":"on","start":900.496,"end":900.544},{"text":"states,","start":900.593,"end":901.155},{"text":"on","start":901.251,"end":901.379},{"text":"states","start":901.379,"end":901.7},{"text":"parties,","start":901.7,"end":902.086},{"text":"to","start":902.6,"end":902.696},{"text":"vest","start":902.744,"end":903.178},{"text":"some","start":903.547,"end":903.708},{"text":"form","start":903.804,"end":904.093},{"text":"of","start":904.125,"end":904.221},{"text":"universal","start":904.27,"end":904.767},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":904.767,"end":905.377},{"text":"in","start":905.65,"end":905.699},{"text":"their","start":905.811,"end":905.972},{"text":"courts","start":905.972,"end":906.389},{"text":"over","start":907.095,"end":907.256},{"text":"serious","start":907.256,"end":907.738},{"text":"violations","start":907.738,"end":908.428},{"text":"of","start":908.781,"end":908.878},{"text":"the","start":908.926,"end":909.087},{"text":"rules","start":909.087,"end":909.311},{"text":"contained","start":909.568,"end":910.114},{"text":"in","start":910.146,"end":910.194},{"text":"these","start":910.307,"end":910.516},{"text":"instruments.","start":910.628,"end":911.286}]},{"text":"These include, for example, the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and its Second Protocol, the 1984 Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, and the 2006 International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance.","start":912.297,"end":935.08,"topics":[{"key":"accountability-international-crimes","label":"Accountability for International Crimes","description":"A central theme was the fight against impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other serious violations of international humanitarian law. 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Several speakers stressed the lack of common international understandings and the need for greater legal clarity."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":936.363,"end":936.411},{"text":"addition,","start":936.459,"end":936.893},{"text":"State","start":937.486,"end":937.823},{"text":"practice","start":937.823,"end":938.304},{"text":"and","start":938.304,"end":938.4},{"text":"opinio","start":938.4,"end":938.769},{"text":"juris","start":938.785,"end":939.073},{"text":"have","start":939.506,"end":939.651},{"text":"crystallized","start":939.667,"end":940.549},{"text":"into","start":940.549,"end":940.789},{"text":"a","start":940.789,"end":940.933},{"text":"rule","start":940.949,"end":941.318},{"text":"of","start":941.414,"end":941.479},{"text":"customary","start":941.575,"end":942.04},{"text":"international","start":942.072,"end":942.793},{"text":"law","start":942.793,"end":942.874},{"text":"whereby","start":943.659,"end":943.932},{"text":"states","start":943.996,"end":944.557},{"text":"have","start":944.557,"end":944.717},{"text":"the","start":944.717,"end":944.878},{"text":"right","start":944.878,"end":945.279},{"text":"to","start":945.279,"end":945.423},{"text":"extend","start":945.423,"end":945.84},{"text":"universal","start":945.84,"end":946.401},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":946.401,"end":947.01},{"text":"to","start":947.443,"end":947.572},{"text":"other","start":947.748,"end":947.924},{"text":"serious","start":947.924,"end":948.469},{"text":"violations","start":948.469,"end":949.063},{"text":"of","start":949.191,"end":949.239},{"text":"IHL.","start":949.351,"end":949.608}]},{"text":"These include, in particular, serious violations of Article 3, common to the 4 Geneva Conventions of 1984 and of Additional Protocol II of 1977, as well as those listed in Article 8 of the 1998 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.","start":950.971,"end":969.733,"topics":[{"key":"accountability-international-crimes","label":"Accountability for International Crimes","description":"A central theme was the fight against impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other serious violations of international humanitarian law. Speakers presented universal jurisdiction as an important tool to investigate and prosecute the gravest crimes when other avenues fail."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":950.971,"end":951.179},{"text":"include,","start":951.211,"end":951.596},{"text":"in","start":951.612,"end":951.692},{"text":"particular,","start":951.692,"end":952.382},{"text":"serious","start":952.831,"end":953.28},{"text":"violations","start":953.296,"end":953.985},{"text":"of","start":954.097,"end":954.242},{"text":"Article","start":954.322,"end":954.643},{"text":"3,","start":954.739,"end":954.963},{"text":"common","start":955.364,"end":955.765},{"text":"to","start":955.765,"end":955.877},{"text":"the","start":955.877,"end":955.957},{"text":"4","start":956.006,"end":956.134},{"text":"Geneva","start":956.182,"end":956.567},{"text":"Conventions","start":956.567,"end":957.192},{"text":"of","start":957.24,"end":957.384},{"text":"1984","start":957.384,"end":958.443},{"text":"and","start":958.892,"end":959.004},{"text":"of","start":959.004,"end":959.148},{"text":"Additional","start":959.148,"end":959.597},{"text":"Protocol","start":959.613,"end":960.03},{"text":"II","start":960.03,"end":960.287},{"text":"of","start":960.591,"end":960.671},{"text":"1977,","start":960.688,"end":961.89},{"text":"as","start":962.676,"end":962.724},{"text":"well","start":962.9,"end":963.093},{"text":"as","start":963.093,"end":963.205},{"text":"those","start":963.237,"end":963.445},{"text":"listed","start":963.542,"end":963.926},{"text":"in","start":964.263,"end":964.311},{"text":"Article","start":964.423,"end":964.776},{"text":"8","start":964.921,"end":965.209},{"text":"of","start":965.546,"end":965.626},{"text":"the","start":965.626,"end":965.658},{"text":"1998","start":965.658,"end":966.926},{"text":"Rome","start":966.926,"end":967.102},{"text":"Statute","start":967.15,"end":967.744},{"text":"of","start":968.129,"end":968.225},{"text":"the","start":968.225,"end":968.289},{"text":"International","start":968.353,"end":968.931},{"text":"Criminal","start":968.931,"end":969.284},{"text":"Court.","start":969.396,"end":969.733}]},{"text":"Chair, states have responsibility to investigate war crimes over which they have jurisdiction and, if appropriate, prosecute, prosecute the suspects.","start":971.017,"end":981.172,"topics":[{"key":"accountability-international-crimes","label":"Accountability for International Crimes","description":"A central theme was the fight against impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other serious violations of international humanitarian law. Speakers presented universal jurisdiction as an important tool to investigate and prosecute the gravest crimes when other avenues fail."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":971.017,"end":971.209},{"text":"states","start":972.621,"end":973.022},{"text":"have","start":973.022,"end":973.134},{"text":"responsibility","start":973.198,"end":974.193},{"text":"to","start":974.369,"end":974.466},{"text":"investigate","start":974.466,"end":975.075},{"text":"war","start":975.107,"end":975.332},{"text":"crimes","start":975.332,"end":975.717},{"text":"over","start":975.99,"end":976.23},{"text":"which","start":976.23,"end":976.359},{"text":"they","start":976.471,"end":976.599},{"text":"have","start":976.615,"end":976.744},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":976.744,"end":977.466},{"text":"and,","start":978.059,"end":978.3},{"text":"if","start":978.316,"end":978.412},{"text":"appropriate,","start":978.412,"end":979.198},{"text":"prosecute,","start":979.423,"end":979.968},{"text":"prosecute","start":980.081,"end":980.546},{"text":"the","start":980.546,"end":980.594},{"text":"suspects.","start":980.626,"end":981.172}]},{"text":"In addition to jurisdiction over crimes committed on a state's own territory or by its own nationals, the exercise of universal jurisdiction over war crimes —no matter the perpetrator or location—can serve as an effective mechanism to ensure accountability and limit impunity.","start":982.327,"end":999.467,"topics":[{"key":"accountability-international-crimes","label":"Accountability for International Crimes","description":"A central theme was the fight against impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other serious violations of international humanitarian law. Speakers presented universal jurisdiction as an important tool to investigate and prosecute the gravest crimes when other avenues fail."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":982.327,"end":982.407},{"text":"addition","start":982.407,"end":982.776},{"text":"to","start":982.808,"end":982.952},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":982.952,"end":983.466},{"text":"over","start":983.514,"end":983.69},{"text":"crimes","start":983.754,"end":984.107},{"text":"committed","start":984.155,"end":984.637},{"text":"on","start":984.653,"end":984.701},{"text":"a","start":984.749,"end":984.813},{"text":"state's","start":984.813,"end":985.278},{"text":"own","start":985.359,"end":985.407},{"text":"territory","start":985.519,"end":986.065},{"text":"or","start":986.722,"end":986.803},{"text":"by","start":986.803,"end":986.915},{"text":"its","start":986.915,"end":987.027},{"text":"own","start":987.204,"end":987.268},{"text":"nationals,","start":987.3,"end":987.829},{"text":"the","start":988.407,"end":988.487},{"text":"exercise","start":988.567,"end":989.193},{"text":"of","start":989.305,"end":989.385},{"text":"universal","start":989.385,"end":989.931},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":989.931,"end":990.54},{"text":"over","start":990.733,"end":990.974},{"text":"war","start":990.974,"end":991.214},{"text":"crimes","start":991.214,"end":991.519},{"text":"—no","start":991.952,"end":992.097},{"text":"matter","start":992.097,"end":992.434},{"text":"the","start":992.498,"end":992.595},{"text":"perpetrator","start":992.595,"end":993.365},{"text":"or","start":993.414,"end":993.478},{"text":"location—can","start":993.478,"end":994.843},{"text":"serve","start":994.843,"end":995.292},{"text":"as","start":995.324,"end":995.421},{"text":"an","start":995.421,"end":995.549},{"text":"effective","start":995.549,"end":996.015},{"text":"mechanism","start":996.047,"end":996.657},{"text":"to","start":996.85,"end":996.978},{"text":"ensure","start":996.994,"end":997.283},{"text":"accountability","start":997.331,"end":998.182},{"text":"and","start":998.375,"end":998.439},{"text":"limit","start":998.6,"end":998.857},{"text":"impunity.","start":998.857,"end":999.467}]},{"text":"A growing number of states are using universal jurisdiction to effectively address prevailing impunity gaps and move towards accountability for serious violations of IHL perpetrated beyond their borders in past or ongoing armed conflicts.","start":1000.768,"end":1016.937,"topics":[{"key":"accountability-international-crimes","label":"Accountability for International Crimes","description":"A central theme was the fight against impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other serious violations of international humanitarian law. Speakers presented universal jurisdiction as an important tool to investigate and prosecute the gravest crimes when other avenues fail."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":1000.768,"end":1000.864},{"text":"growing","start":1000.864,"end":1001.217},{"text":"number","start":1001.265,"end":1001.57},{"text":"of","start":1001.586,"end":1001.715},{"text":"states","start":1001.747,"end":1002.245},{"text":"are","start":1002.614,"end":1002.662},{"text":"using","start":1002.71,"end":1002.999},{"text":"universal","start":1003.096,"end":1003.658},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1003.658,"end":1004.204},{"text":"to","start":1004.461,"end":1004.621},{"text":"effectively","start":1004.621,"end":1005.328},{"text":"address","start":1005.44,"end":1005.793},{"text":"prevailing","start":1006.082,"end":1006.644},{"text":"impunity","start":1006.644,"end":1007.206},{"text":"gaps","start":1007.206,"end":1007.559},{"text":"and","start":1008.089,"end":1008.154},{"text":"move","start":1008.25,"end":1008.555},{"text":"towards","start":1008.555,"end":1009.021},{"text":"accountability","start":1009.069,"end":1009.904},{"text":"for","start":1010.177,"end":1010.337},{"text":"serious","start":1010.337,"end":1010.819},{"text":"violations","start":1010.819,"end":1011.429},{"text":"of","start":1011.525,"end":1011.686},{"text":"IHL","start":1011.686,"end":1012.344},{"text":"perpetrated","start":1012.425,"end":1013.099},{"text":"beyond","start":1013.147,"end":1013.468},{"text":"their","start":1013.468,"end":1013.581},{"text":"borders","start":1013.629,"end":1014.078},{"text":"in","start":1014.592,"end":1014.721},{"text":"past","start":1014.753,"end":1015.251},{"text":"or","start":1015.395,"end":1015.443},{"text":"ongoing","start":1015.556,"end":1016.005},{"text":"armed","start":1016.198,"end":1016.423},{"text":"conflicts.","start":1016.423,"end":1016.937}]},{"text":"These efforts also send an important message to victims and survivors that accountability is not just an aspirational goal, but a tangible commitment made by the international community.","start":1017.97,"end":1031.138,"topics":[{"key":"accountability-international-crimes","label":"Accountability for International Crimes","description":"A central theme was the fight against impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other serious violations of international humanitarian law. Speakers presented universal jurisdiction as an important tool to investigate and prosecute the gravest crimes when other avenues fail."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":1017.97,"end":1018.181},{"text":"efforts","start":1018.278,"end":1018.812},{"text":"also","start":1019.087,"end":1019.281},{"text":"send","start":1019.281,"end":1019.718},{"text":"an","start":1019.751,"end":1019.799},{"text":"important","start":1019.897,"end":1020.544},{"text":"message","start":1020.544,"end":1021.013},{"text":"to","start":1021.434,"end":1021.531},{"text":"victims","start":1021.531,"end":1021.985},{"text":"and","start":1022.082,"end":1022.163},{"text":"survivors","start":1022.163,"end":1022.843},{"text":"that","start":1023.377,"end":1023.49},{"text":"accountability","start":1023.49,"end":1024.413},{"text":"is","start":1025.012,"end":1025.141},{"text":"not","start":1025.157,"end":1025.416},{"text":"just","start":1025.416,"end":1025.805},{"text":"an","start":1025.805,"end":1025.886},{"text":"aspirational","start":1025.886,"end":1026.603},{"text":"goal,","start":1026.62,"end":1026.897},{"text":"but","start":1027.37,"end":1027.598},{"text":"a","start":1027.598,"end":1027.615},{"text":"tangible","start":1027.696,"end":1028.316},{"text":"commitment","start":1028.332,"end":1029.05},{"text":"made","start":1029.392,"end":1029.621},{"text":"by","start":1029.653,"end":1029.816},{"text":"the","start":1029.816,"end":1029.898},{"text":"international","start":1029.98,"end":1030.616},{"text":"community.","start":1030.616,"end":1031.138}]},{"text":"The ICRC takes note, however, of the fact that universal jurisdiction is not currently being applied evenly across all armed conflicts.","start":1032.524,"end":1040.84,"topics":[{"key":"accountability-international-crimes","label":"Accountability for International Crimes","description":"A central theme was the fight against impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other serious violations of international humanitarian law. Speakers presented universal jurisdiction as an important tool to investigate and prosecute the gravest crimes when other avenues fail."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1032.524,"end":1032.75},{"text":"ICRC","start":1032.766,"end":1033.09},{"text":"takes","start":1033.09,"end":1033.494},{"text":"note,","start":1033.494,"end":1033.721},{"text":"however,","start":1033.737,"end":1034.206},{"text":"of","start":1034.611,"end":1034.659},{"text":"the","start":1034.724,"end":1034.837},{"text":"fact","start":1034.854,"end":1035.274},{"text":"that","start":1035.598,"end":1035.744},{"text":"universal","start":1035.744,"end":1036.245},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1036.245,"end":1036.844},{"text":"is","start":1036.892,"end":1037.022},{"text":"not","start":1037.038,"end":1037.378},{"text":"currently","start":1037.378,"end":1037.831},{"text":"being","start":1038.009,"end":1038.154},{"text":"applied","start":1038.251,"end":1038.64},{"text":"evenly","start":1038.753,"end":1039.093},{"text":"across","start":1039.336,"end":1039.611},{"text":"all","start":1039.869,"end":1039.918},{"text":"armed","start":1040.112,"end":1040.258},{"text":"conflicts.","start":1040.29,"end":1040.84}]},{"text":"Consistency in the application of universal jurisdiction is an important part of enforcing IHL and states exercising universal jurisdiction should pursue accountability universally, impartially, and without bias.","start":1042.53,"end":1055.868,"topics":[{"key":"accountability-international-crimes","label":"Accountability for International Crimes","description":"A central theme was the fight against impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other serious violations of international humanitarian law. Speakers presented universal jurisdiction as an important tool to investigate and prosecute the gravest crimes when other avenues fail."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction-safeguards","label":"Universal Jurisdiction Safeguards","description":"Statements addressed the conditions and limits for exercising universal jurisdiction, including respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, immunities, and non-interference. Speakers also referred to requirements such as the presence of the accused, consultation with relevant states, and avoiding politicized or selective use."}],"words":[{"text":"Consistency","start":1042.53,"end":1042.971},{"text":"in","start":1043.036,"end":1043.118},{"text":"the","start":1043.118,"end":1043.167},{"text":"application","start":1043.216,"end":1043.789},{"text":"of","start":1043.789,"end":1043.87},{"text":"universal","start":1043.87,"end":1044.41},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1044.443,"end":1045.048},{"text":"is","start":1045.097,"end":1045.26},{"text":"an","start":1045.26,"end":1045.358},{"text":"important","start":1045.358,"end":1045.865},{"text":"part","start":1045.914,"end":1046.307},{"text":"of","start":1046.339,"end":1046.421},{"text":"enforcing","start":1046.421,"end":1047.026},{"text":"IHL","start":1047.124,"end":1049.119},{"text":"and","start":1048.112,"end":1048.176},{"text":"states","start":1048.256,"end":1048.738},{"text":"exercising","start":1048.818,"end":1049.444},{"text":"universal","start":1049.541,"end":1050.039},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1050.039,"end":1050.569},{"text":"should","start":1050.681,"end":1050.97},{"text":"pursue","start":1051.002,"end":1051.42},{"text":"accountability","start":1051.564,"end":1052.415},{"text":"universally,","start":1053.01,"end":1053.78},{"text":"impartially,","start":1054.134,"end":1054.824},{"text":"and","start":1055.081,"end":1055.178},{"text":"without","start":1055.178,"end":1055.579},{"text":"bias.","start":1055.579,"end":1055.868}]},{"text":"Chair, the ICRC will continue to support states both in their efforts to strengthen their national criminal legislation and to establish universal jurisdiction over serious violations of IHL.","start":1057.249,"end":1069.005,"topics":[{"key":"accountability-international-crimes","label":"Accountability for International Crimes","description":"A central theme was the fight against impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other serious violations of international humanitarian law. Speakers presented universal jurisdiction as an important tool to investigate and prosecute the gravest crimes when other avenues fail."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":1057.249,"end":1057.603},{"text":"the","start":1058.55,"end":1058.695},{"text":"ICRC","start":1058.695,"end":1059.353},{"text":"will","start":1059.353,"end":1059.465},{"text":"continue","start":1059.514,"end":1059.995},{"text":"to","start":1059.995,"end":1060.092},{"text":"support","start":1060.092,"end":1060.477},{"text":"states","start":1060.477,"end":1060.895},{"text":"both","start":1061.505,"end":1061.73},{"text":"in","start":1061.762,"end":1061.842},{"text":"their","start":1061.842,"end":1062.067},{"text":"efforts","start":1062.067,"end":1062.404},{"text":"to","start":1062.404,"end":1062.501},{"text":"strengthen","start":1062.549,"end":1063.015},{"text":"their","start":1063.047,"end":1063.127},{"text":"national","start":1063.127,"end":1063.593},{"text":"criminal","start":1063.593,"end":1063.93},{"text":"legislation","start":1063.93,"end":1064.701},{"text":"and","start":1064.893,"end":1064.958},{"text":"to","start":1065.054,"end":1065.199},{"text":"establish","start":1065.199,"end":1065.729},{"text":"universal","start":1065.857,"end":1066.419},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1066.419,"end":1067.013},{"text":"over","start":1067.142,"end":1067.302},{"text":"serious","start":1067.302,"end":1067.704},{"text":"violations","start":1067.704,"end":1068.314},{"text":"of","start":1068.427,"end":1068.571},{"text":"IHL.","start":1068.571,"end":1069.005}]},{"text":"The ICRC continues to develop specialized tools to assist states to understand and implement their obligations under IHL.","start":1069.792,"end":1077.436,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1069.792,"end":1069.92},{"text":"ICRC","start":1069.936,"end":1070.595},{"text":"continues","start":1070.595,"end":1071.205},{"text":"to","start":1071.237,"end":1071.333},{"text":"develop","start":1071.333,"end":1071.735},{"text":"specialized","start":1071.735,"end":1072.425},{"text":"tools","start":1072.425,"end":1072.73},{"text":"to","start":1073.148,"end":1073.244},{"text":"assist","start":1073.244,"end":1073.678},{"text":"states","start":1073.678,"end":1073.983},{"text":"to","start":1074.031,"end":1074.176},{"text":"understand","start":1074.272,"end":1074.898},{"text":"and","start":1074.931,"end":1074.995},{"text":"implement","start":1075.155,"end":1075.798},{"text":"their","start":1075.798,"end":1075.974},{"text":"obligations","start":1075.974,"end":1076.665},{"text":"under","start":1076.777,"end":1077.002},{"text":"IHL.","start":1077.002,"end":1077.436}]},{"text":"These tools take the form of databases, reports, and technical documents, all of which are made available to states and to the general public.","start":1078.143,"end":1086.637,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":1078.143,"end":1078.352},{"text":"tools","start":1078.384,"end":1078.673},{"text":"take","start":1078.721,"end":1078.946},{"text":"the","start":1078.946,"end":1079.026},{"text":"form","start":1079.026,"end":1079.396},{"text":"of","start":1079.572,"end":1079.636},{"text":"databases,","start":1079.669,"end":1080.423},{"text":"reports,","start":1080.857,"end":1081.354},{"text":"and","start":1081.499,"end":1081.579},{"text":"technical","start":1081.595,"end":1082.173},{"text":"documents,","start":1082.221,"end":1082.88},{"text":"all","start":1083.361,"end":1083.458},{"text":"of","start":1083.458,"end":1083.57},{"text":"which","start":1083.666,"end":1083.811},{"text":"are","start":1084.084,"end":1084.116},{"text":"made","start":1084.116,"end":1084.405},{"text":"available","start":1084.405,"end":1084.887},{"text":"to","start":1084.887,"end":1085.031},{"text":"states","start":1085.031,"end":1085.432},{"text":"and","start":1085.448,"end":1085.513},{"text":"to","start":1085.529,"end":1085.657},{"text":"the","start":1085.689,"end":1085.77},{"text":"general","start":1085.77,"end":1086.235},{"text":"public.","start":1086.235,"end":1086.637}]},{"text":"The ICRC has also advised states during the drafting of the Ljubljana Hague Convention on Cooperation in the Investigation and Prosecution of the Crime of Genocide, Crimes Against Humanity, War Crimes, and Other International Crimes, which reaffirms once again that states have an obligation to enact universal jurisdiction.","start":1087.616,"end":1106.353,"topics":[{"key":"accountability-international-crimes","label":"Accountability for International Crimes","description":"A central theme was the fight against impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other serious violations of international humanitarian law. Speakers presented universal jurisdiction as an important tool to investigate and prosecute the gravest crimes when other avenues fail."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1087.616,"end":1087.664},{"text":"ICRC","start":1087.76,"end":1088.483},{"text":"has","start":1088.483,"end":1088.627},{"text":"also","start":1088.804,"end":1088.949},{"text":"advised","start":1088.981,"end":1089.414},{"text":"states","start":1089.414,"end":1089.735},{"text":"during","start":1089.848,"end":1090.056},{"text":"the","start":1090.105,"end":1090.249},{"text":"drafting","start":1090.249,"end":1090.634},{"text":"of","start":1090.683,"end":1090.763},{"text":"the","start":1090.811,"end":1090.907},{"text":"Ljubljana","start":1090.907,"end":1091.453},{"text":"Hague","start":1091.453,"end":1091.71},{"text":"Convention","start":1091.71,"end":1092.32},{"text":"on","start":1092.513,"end":1092.561},{"text":"Cooperation","start":1092.657,"end":1093.348},{"text":"in","start":1093.476,"end":1093.524},{"text":"the","start":1093.621,"end":1093.717},{"text":"Investigation","start":1093.717,"end":1094.52},{"text":"and","start":1094.52,"end":1094.6},{"text":"Prosecution","start":1094.6,"end":1095.29},{"text":"of","start":1095.563,"end":1095.644},{"text":"the","start":1095.644,"end":1095.724},{"text":"Crime","start":1095.724,"end":1095.933},{"text":"of","start":1095.981,"end":1096.093},{"text":"Genocide,","start":1096.125,"end":1096.687},{"text":"Crimes","start":1097.089,"end":1097.378},{"text":"Against","start":1097.426,"end":1097.683},{"text":"Humanity,","start":1097.715,"end":1098.213},{"text":"War","start":1098.678,"end":1098.855},{"text":"Crimes,","start":1098.855,"end":1099.224},{"text":"and","start":1099.24,"end":1099.336},{"text":"Other","start":1099.417,"end":1099.641},{"text":"International","start":1099.641,"end":1100.203},{"text":"Crimes,","start":1100.219,"end":1100.589},{"text":"which","start":1101.102,"end":1101.231},{"text":"reaffirms","start":1101.327,"end":1101.873},{"text":"once","start":1101.969,"end":1102.194},{"text":"again","start":1102.242,"end":1102.499},{"text":"that","start":1102.949,"end":1103.109},{"text":"states","start":1103.109,"end":1103.527},{"text":"have","start":1103.575,"end":1103.671},{"text":"an","start":1103.671,"end":1103.8},{"text":"obligation","start":1103.832,"end":1104.442},{"text":"to","start":1104.715,"end":1104.843},{"text":"enact","start":1104.859,"end":1105.261},{"text":"universal","start":1105.261,"end":1105.775},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":1105.823,"end":1106.353}]},{"text":"The ICRC recognizes that states may attach conditions to the application of universal jurisdiction to grave breaches or other serious violations of IHL, but those conditions must be intended to increase the effectiveness and predictability of universal jurisdiction and not to unnecessarily restrict the prospect for international justice.","start":1107.283,"end":1129.15,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction-safeguards","label":"Universal Jurisdiction Safeguards","description":"Statements addressed the conditions and limits for exercising universal jurisdiction, including respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, immunities, and non-interference. Speakers also referred to requirements such as the presence of the accused, consultation with relevant states, and avoiding politicized or selective use."},{"key":"accountability-international-crimes","label":"Accountability for International Crimes","description":"A central theme was the fight against impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other serious violations of international humanitarian law. Speakers presented universal jurisdiction as an important tool to investigate and prosecute the gravest crimes when other avenues fail."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1107.283,"end":1107.412},{"text":"ICRC","start":1107.428,"end":1108.888},{"text":"recognizes","start":1108.888,"end":1109.658},{"text":"that","start":1109.77,"end":1109.995},{"text":"states","start":1109.995,"end":1110.492},{"text":"may","start":1110.797,"end":1110.957},{"text":"attach","start":1110.957,"end":1111.182},{"text":"conditions","start":1111.294,"end":1111.904},{"text":"to","start":1112,"end":1112.096},{"text":"the","start":1112.096,"end":1112.241},{"text":"application","start":1112.241,"end":1112.818},{"text":"of","start":1112.818,"end":1112.898},{"text":"universal","start":1112.898,"end":1113.508},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1113.524,"end":1114.15},{"text":"to","start":1114.824,"end":1114.952},{"text":"grave","start":1114.984,"end":1115.273},{"text":"breaches","start":1115.305,"end":1115.754},{"text":"or","start":1115.786,"end":1115.931},{"text":"other","start":1116.027,"end":1116.203},{"text":"serious","start":1116.203,"end":1116.669},{"text":"violations","start":1116.669,"end":1117.23},{"text":"of","start":1117.23,"end":1117.374},{"text":"IHL,","start":1117.374,"end":1117.936},{"text":"but","start":1118.513,"end":1118.61},{"text":"those","start":1118.674,"end":1118.802},{"text":"conditions","start":1118.915,"end":1119.524},{"text":"must","start":1119.957,"end":1120.198},{"text":"be","start":1120.198,"end":1120.278},{"text":"intended","start":1120.278,"end":1120.776},{"text":"to","start":1120.824,"end":1120.92},{"text":"increase","start":1120.92,"end":1121.369},{"text":"the","start":1121.465,"end":1121.546},{"text":"effectiveness","start":1121.546,"end":1122.091},{"text":"and","start":1122.284,"end":1122.348},{"text":"predictability","start":1122.364,"end":1123.214},{"text":"of","start":1123.551,"end":1123.599},{"text":"universal","start":1123.631,"end":1124.129},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1124.129,"end":1124.738},{"text":"and","start":1125.171,"end":1125.236},{"text":"not","start":1125.252,"end":1125.492},{"text":"to","start":1125.492,"end":1125.621},{"text":"unnecessarily","start":1125.637,"end":1126.439},{"text":"restrict","start":1126.439,"end":1127.064},{"text":"the","start":1127.321,"end":1127.417},{"text":"prospect","start":1127.417,"end":1128.059},{"text":"for","start":1128.059,"end":1128.139},{"text":"international","start":1128.139,"end":1128.765},{"text":"justice.","start":1128.765,"end":1129.15}]},{"text":"Any conditions must not be used by states to bring political considerations into play, or as a way of evading their duties to search for and either prosecute or extradite an alleged offender.","start":1130.289,"end":1142.201,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction-safeguards","label":"Universal Jurisdiction Safeguards","description":"Statements addressed the conditions and limits for exercising universal jurisdiction, including respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, immunities, and non-interference. Speakers also referred to requirements such as the presence of the accused, consultation with relevant states, and avoiding politicized or selective use."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":1130.289,"end":1130.433},{"text":"conditions","start":1130.45,"end":1130.995},{"text":"must","start":1131.027,"end":1131.22},{"text":"not","start":1131.268,"end":1131.428},{"text":"be","start":1131.428,"end":1131.573},{"text":"used","start":1131.589,"end":1131.797},{"text":"by","start":1131.829,"end":1131.99},{"text":"states","start":1131.99,"end":1132.455},{"text":"to","start":1132.68,"end":1132.76},{"text":"bring","start":1132.792,"end":1132.92},{"text":"political","start":1133.033,"end":1133.643},{"text":"considerations","start":1133.659,"end":1134.414},{"text":"into","start":1134.462,"end":1134.654},{"text":"play,","start":1134.719,"end":1135.024},{"text":"or","start":1136.084,"end":1136.132},{"text":"as","start":1136.164,"end":1136.292},{"text":"a","start":1136.34,"end":1136.469},{"text":"way","start":1136.469,"end":1136.678},{"text":"of","start":1136.79,"end":1136.838},{"text":"evading","start":1136.886,"end":1137.336},{"text":"their","start":1137.368,"end":1137.529},{"text":"duties","start":1137.529,"end":1137.978},{"text":"to","start":1138.171,"end":1138.315},{"text":"search","start":1138.315,"end":1138.62},{"text":"for","start":1138.733,"end":1138.845},{"text":"and","start":1139.536,"end":1139.6},{"text":"either","start":1139.632,"end":1139.905},{"text":"prosecute","start":1139.937,"end":1140.483},{"text":"or","start":1140.515,"end":1140.595},{"text":"extradite","start":1140.66,"end":1141.27},{"text":"an","start":1141.302,"end":1141.398},{"text":"alleged","start":1141.398,"end":1141.784},{"text":"offender.","start":1141.784,"end":1142.201}]},{"text":"The ICRC reiterates its readiness to continue engaging with and supporting states' efforts to ensure greater respect for IHL in the area of universal jurisdiction and all other areas.","start":1143.309,"end":1156.042,"topics":[{"key":"accountability-international-crimes","label":"Accountability for International Crimes","description":"A central theme was the fight against impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other serious violations of international humanitarian law. Speakers presented universal jurisdiction as an important tool to investigate and prosecute the gravest crimes when other avenues fail."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1143.309,"end":1143.453},{"text":"ICRC","start":1143.453,"end":1144.176},{"text":"reiterates","start":1144.192,"end":1144.947},{"text":"its","start":1144.979,"end":1145.155},{"text":"readiness","start":1145.155,"end":1145.589},{"text":"to","start":1145.798,"end":1145.926},{"text":"continue","start":1145.942,"end":1146.424},{"text":"engaging","start":1146.44,"end":1146.97},{"text":"with","start":1147.066,"end":1147.355},{"text":"and","start":1147.484,"end":1147.548},{"text":"supporting","start":1147.564,"end":1148.174},{"text":"states'","start":1148.447,"end":1148.913},{"text":"efforts","start":1148.993,"end":1149.346},{"text":"to","start":1149.716,"end":1149.796},{"text":"ensure","start":1149.796,"end":1150.278},{"text":"greater","start":1150.278,"end":1150.695},{"text":"respect","start":1150.695,"end":1151.241},{"text":"for","start":1151.241,"end":1151.305},{"text":"IHL","start":1151.402,"end":1151.947},{"text":"in","start":1152.461,"end":1152.509},{"text":"the","start":1152.542,"end":1152.766},{"text":"area","start":1152.766,"end":1153.023},{"text":"of","start":1153.168,"end":1153.216},{"text":"universal","start":1153.248,"end":1153.81},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":1153.81,"end":1154.436},{"text":"and","start":1154.709,"end":1154.773},{"text":"all","start":1154.95,"end":1155.062},{"text":"other","start":1155.335,"end":1155.56},{"text":"areas.","start":1155.673,"end":1156.042}]},{"text":"I thank you, Chair.","start":1156.315,"end":1156.973,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1156.315,"end":1156.363},{"text":"thank","start":1156.475,"end":1156.716},{"text":"you,","start":1156.716,"end":1156.78},{"text":"Chair.","start":1156.797,"end":1156.973}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"ICRC","affiliation_full":"ICRC","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":9,"start":1159.49,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=1160","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of the ICRC for her statement.","start":1159.49,"end":1163.431,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1159.49,"end":1159.539},{"text":"thank","start":1159.653,"end":1159.897},{"text":"the","start":1159.897,"end":1160.027},{"text":"representative","start":1160.321,"end":1160.891},{"text":"of","start":1160.891,"end":1160.988},{"text":"the","start":1160.988,"end":1161.086},{"text":"ICRC","start":1161.119,"end":1161.949},{"text":"for","start":1161.949,"end":1162.764},{"text":"her","start":1162.764,"end":1162.926},{"text":"statement.","start":1162.926,"end":1163.431}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, the representative of the ICRC was the last speaker on the list for this agenda item, so we have therefore concluded our debate on Agenda Item 85, the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction.","start":1165.25,"end":1181.835,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":1165.25,"end":1165.556},{"text":"delegates,","start":1165.556,"end":1165.943},{"text":"the","start":1166.234,"end":1166.427},{"text":"representative","start":1166.734,"end":1167.476},{"text":"of","start":1167.476,"end":1167.589},{"text":"the","start":1167.686,"end":1167.879},{"text":"ICRC","start":1168.266,"end":1168.976},{"text":"was","start":1168.976,"end":1169.122},{"text":"the","start":1169.138,"end":1169.218},{"text":"last","start":1169.234,"end":1169.412},{"text":"speaker","start":1169.412,"end":1170.525},{"text":"on","start":1170.928,"end":1170.977},{"text":"the","start":1171.009,"end":1171.154},{"text":"list","start":1171.154,"end":1171.412},{"text":"for","start":1171.412,"end":1171.687},{"text":"this","start":1172.042,"end":1172.203},{"text":"agenda","start":1172.203,"end":1172.606},{"text":"item,","start":1172.606,"end":1172.961},{"text":"so","start":1173.365,"end":1173.59},{"text":"we","start":1173.59,"end":1173.736},{"text":"have","start":1173.736,"end":1174.042},{"text":"therefore","start":1174.155,"end":1174.51},{"text":"concluded","start":1174.558,"end":1174.962},{"text":"our","start":1174.978,"end":1175.124},{"text":"debate","start":1175.124,"end":1175.547},{"text":"on","start":1176.083,"end":1176.262},{"text":"Agenda","start":1176.262,"end":1176.652},{"text":"Item","start":1176.652,"end":1176.928},{"text":"85,","start":1176.977,"end":1177.61},{"text":"the","start":1177.805,"end":1177.903},{"text":"scope","start":1177.903,"end":1178.293},{"text":"and","start":1178.293,"end":1178.439},{"text":"application","start":1178.439,"end":1179.008},{"text":"of","start":1179.755,"end":1179.901},{"text":"the","start":1179.901,"end":1179.999},{"text":"principle","start":1179.999,"end":1180.502},{"text":"of","start":1180.567,"end":1180.665},{"text":"universal","start":1180.665,"end":1181.217},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":1181.217,"end":1181.835}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, I recall the working group under this agenda item is not scheduled to meet this 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this agenda item will be coordinated this year by Mr. Marvin Ikondere of 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agreed at our first meeting this year, we will provide coordinators assigned to each agenda item the opportunity to take the floor to give a brief indication of their plans and, if possible, to introduce the initial draft of their proposals for draft resolutions, if 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such, does Mr. Marvin Ikondera wish to take the floor on this agenda item?","start":1219.828,"end":1225.378,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":1219.828,"end":1220.054},{"text":"such,","start":1220.167,"end":1220.457},{"text":"does","start":1220.973,"end":1221.102},{"text":"Mr.","start":1221.215,"end":1221.538},{"text":"Marvin","start":1221.619,"end":1221.99},{"text":"Ikondera","start":1222.086,"end":1222.764},{"text":"wish","start":1223.07,"end":1223.233},{"text":"to","start":1223.233,"end":1223.381},{"text":"take","start":1223.381,"end":1223.563},{"text":"the","start":1223.563,"end":1223.711},{"text":"floor","start":1223.711,"end":1223.926},{"text":"on","start":1224.124,"end":1224.173},{"text":"this","start":1224.223,"end":1224.404},{"text":"agenda","start":1224.718,"end":1225.031},{"text":"item?","start":1225.048,"end":1225.378}]},{"text":"You have the floor, sir.","start":1225.79,"end":1226.533,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":1225.79,"end":1225.889},{"text":"have","start":1225.889,"end":1226.038},{"text":"the","start":1226.038,"end":1226.071},{"text":"floor,","start":1226.12,"end":1226.368},{"text":"sir.","start":1226.384,"end":1226.533}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":10,"start":1230.719,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=1231","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair. Mr. Chair, dear colleagues, I have followed with great interest the debate and the statements delivered by delegations.","start":1230.719,"end":1238.418,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1230.719,"end":1231.06},{"text":"you,","start":1231.06,"end":1231.239},{"text":"Chair.","start":1231.385,"end":1231.71},{"text":"Mr.","start":1232.279,"end":1232.555},{"text":"Chair,","start":1232.603,"end":1232.945},{"text":"dear","start":1233.01,"end":1233.253},{"text":"colleagues,","start":1233.253,"end":1233.627},{"text":"I","start":1234.471,"end":1234.536},{"text":"have","start":1234.553,"end":1234.699},{"text":"followed","start":1234.715,"end":1235.024},{"text":"with","start":1235.024,"end":1235.186},{"text":"great","start":1235.202,"end":1235.381},{"text":"interest","start":1235.381,"end":1235.852},{"text":"the","start":1235.852,"end":1235.933},{"text":"debate","start":1235.933,"end":1236.404},{"text":"and","start":1236.42,"end":1236.485},{"text":"the","start":1236.567,"end":1236.599},{"text":"statements","start":1236.599,"end":1237.233},{"text":"delivered","start":1237.233,"end":1237.606},{"text":"by","start":1237.704,"end":1237.834},{"text":"delegations.","start":1237.963,"end":1238.418}]},{"text":"As coordinator for the draft resolution on the scope and application of the principle of universal jurisdiction, I have the honor today to speak about the zero draft resolution on this item.","start":1239.323,"end":1248.717,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction-scope","label":"Universal Jurisdiction Scope","description":"Delegations discussed how universal jurisdiction should be defined, what distinguishes it from other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and which crimes it should cover. 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plan is to circulate a zero draft resolution today containing necessary technical updates.","start":1249.664,"end":1254.642,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1249.664,"end":1249.825},{"text":"plan","start":1249.921,"end":1250.13},{"text":"is","start":1250.323,"end":1250.371},{"text":"to","start":1250.467,"end":1250.548},{"text":"circulate","start":1250.548,"end":1250.981},{"text":"a","start":1250.981,"end":1250.997},{"text":"zero","start":1251.045,"end":1251.27},{"text":"draft","start":1251.286,"end":1251.527},{"text":"resolution","start":1251.527,"end":1252.057},{"text":"today","start":1252.089,"end":1252.362},{"text":"containing","start":1252.651,"end":1253.101},{"text":"necessary","start":1253.133,"end":1253.583},{"text":"technical","start":1253.679,"end":1254.177},{"text":"updates.","start":1254.177,"end":1254.642}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"The first round of informal consultations will take place on Friday, 24 October, at 1:15 PM here in the Trusteeship Council 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allow me to thank most sincerely the delegations in advance for their cooperation for your help and support on this 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draft resolution as early as possible, and then to submit it for processing in good 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delegates, the Sixth Committee will now commence consideration of Agenda Item 82, Diplomatic Protection.","start":1298.58,"end":1304.714,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":1298.58,"end":1298.806},{"text":"delegates,","start":1298.806,"end":1299.145},{"text":"the","start":1299.177,"end":1299.258},{"text":"Sixth","start":1299.258,"end":1299.564},{"text":"Committee","start":1299.564,"end":1299.839},{"text":"will","start":1299.903,"end":1300},{"text":"now","start":1300,"end":1300.178},{"text":"commence","start":1300.226,"end":1300.711},{"text":"consideration","start":1300.711,"end":1301.405},{"text":"of","start":1301.437,"end":1301.502},{"text":"Agenda","start":1301.534,"end":1301.921},{"text":"Item","start":1301.921,"end":1302.277},{"text":"82,","start":1302.39,"end":1302.906},{"text":"Diplomatic","start":1303.616,"end":1304.246},{"text":"Protection.","start":1304.246,"end":1304.714}]},{"text":"I draw your attention to the report of the Secretary-General contained in Document A/80/280, which is available on the website of the Sixth 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first speaker on my list is the distinguished representative of Brazil, speaking on behalf of a group of 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Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"Uncertainty","start":1488.511,"end":1489.137},{"text":"does","start":1489.249,"end":1489.377},{"text":"not","start":1489.506,"end":1489.746},{"text":"strengthen","start":1489.746,"end":1490.34},{"text":"the","start":1490.372,"end":1490.517},{"text":"rule","start":1490.517,"end":1490.645},{"text":"of","start":1490.709,"end":1490.822},{"text":"law.","start":1490.918,"end":1490.966}]},{"text":"It is the breeding ground for impunity for violations of international law.","start":1491.656,"end":1495.38,"topics":[{"key":"accountability-international-crimes","label":"Accountability for International Crimes","description":"A central theme was the fight against impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other serious violations of international humanitarian law. Speakers presented universal jurisdiction as an important tool to investigate and prosecute the gravest crimes when other avenues fail."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1491.656,"end":1491.737},{"text":"is","start":1491.753,"end":1491.865},{"text":"the","start":1491.897,"end":1491.977},{"text":"breeding","start":1492.042,"end":1492.346},{"text":"ground","start":1492.363,"end":1492.764},{"text":"for","start":1492.764,"end":1492.86},{"text":"impunity","start":1492.86,"end":1493.47},{"text":"for","start":1493.743,"end":1493.903},{"text":"violations","start":1493.903,"end":1494.513},{"text":"of","start":1494.545,"end":1494.642},{"text":"international","start":1494.642,"end":1495.252},{"text":"law.","start":1495.268,"end":1495.38}]},{"text":"Moreover, the draft articles contain important elements of progressive development, notably those concerning the protection of stateless persons and refugees.","start":1496.792,"end":1506.069,"topics":[{"key":"stateless-refugee-protection","label":"Protection of Stateless Persons and Refugees","description":"Several delegations highlighted the draft articles' treatment of stateless persons and refugees as an important issue in its own right. Some welcomed these provisions as progressive development that protects vulnerable people, while others questioned whether they reflect customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":1496.792,"end":1497.418},{"text":"the","start":1497.434,"end":1497.515},{"text":"draft","start":1497.515,"end":1497.9},{"text":"articles","start":1497.9,"end":1498.285},{"text":"contain","start":1498.381,"end":1498.766},{"text":"important","start":1498.879,"end":1499.489},{"text":"elements","start":1499.601,"end":1500.083},{"text":"of","start":1500.099,"end":1500.179},{"text":"progressive","start":1500.307,"end":1500.869},{"text":"development,","start":1500.869,"end":1501.399},{"text":"notably","start":1502.009,"end":1502.49},{"text":"those","start":1502.49,"end":1502.699},{"text":"concerning","start":1502.811,"end":1503.341},{"text":"the","start":1503.373,"end":1503.517},{"text":"protection","start":1503.517,"end":1503.902},{"text":"of","start":1503.951,"end":1504.031},{"text":"stateless","start":1504.079,"end":1504.609},{"text":"persons","start":1504.641,"end":1505.106},{"text":"and","start":1505.363,"end":1505.459},{"text":"refugees.","start":1505.459,"end":1506.069}]},{"text":"That protection can only be fully realized through a legally binding instrument.","start":1506.968,"end":1511.881,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":1506.968,"end":1507.065},{"text":"protection","start":1507.065,"end":1507.594},{"text":"can","start":1507.851,"end":1507.948},{"text":"only","start":1508.092,"end":1508.237},{"text":"be","start":1508.333,"end":1508.429},{"text":"fully","start":1508.429,"end":1508.718},{"text":"realized","start":1508.831,"end":1509.441},{"text":"through","start":1509.633,"end":1509.858},{"text":"a","start":1510.179,"end":1510.195},{"text":"legally","start":1510.195,"end":1510.613},{"text":"binding","start":1510.741,"end":1511.126},{"text":"instrument.","start":1511.319,"end":1511.881}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, our countries are mindful of the historical relationship between diplomatic protection and state responsibility, as both topics were initially part of the same study undertaken by the International Law Commission.","start":1513.085,"end":1526.137,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":1513.085,"end":1513.261},{"text":"Chair,","start":1513.31,"end":1513.663},{"text":"our","start":1513.743,"end":1513.888},{"text":"countries","start":1513.888,"end":1514.417},{"text":"are","start":1514.594,"end":1514.626},{"text":"mindful","start":1514.626,"end":1515.316},{"text":"of","start":1515.397,"end":1515.445},{"text":"the","start":1515.493,"end":1515.573},{"text":"historical","start":1515.573,"end":1516.199},{"text":"relationship","start":1516.199,"end":1516.858},{"text":"between","start":1516.858,"end":1517.147},{"text":"diplomatic","start":1517.179,"end":1517.724},{"text":"protection","start":1517.724,"end":1518.19},{"text":"and","start":1518.447,"end":1518.543},{"text":"state","start":1518.543,"end":1518.945},{"text":"responsibility,","start":1518.945,"end":1519.828},{"text":"as","start":1520.373,"end":1520.438},{"text":"both","start":1520.55,"end":1520.759},{"text":"topics","start":1520.887,"end":1521.433},{"text":"were","start":1521.433,"end":1521.545},{"text":"initially","start":1521.754,"end":1522.204},{"text":"part","start":1522.701,"end":1522.974},{"text":"of","start":1522.974,"end":1523.119},{"text":"the","start":1523.119,"end":1523.183},{"text":"same","start":1523.183,"end":1523.584},{"text":"study","start":1523.584,"end":1523.97},{"text":"undertaken","start":1524.146,"end":1524.628},{"text":"by","start":1524.724,"end":1524.885},{"text":"the","start":1524.885,"end":1525.045},{"text":"International","start":1525.045,"end":1525.575},{"text":"Law","start":1525.591,"end":1525.752},{"text":"Commission.","start":1525.752,"end":1526.137}]},{"text":"However, while they are related, they constitute distinct subjects developed through separate drafts and accompanied by different recommendations.","start":1526.956,"end":1535.444,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":1526.956,"end":1527.501},{"text":"while","start":1527.598,"end":1527.726},{"text":"they","start":1527.935,"end":1528.015},{"text":"are","start":1528.16,"end":1528.288},{"text":"related,","start":1528.32,"end":1528.866},{"text":"they","start":1528.978,"end":1529.139},{"text":"constitute","start":1529.139,"end":1529.926},{"text":"distinct","start":1529.942,"end":1530.52},{"text":"subjects","start":1530.52,"end":1531.258},{"text":"developed","start":1531.306,"end":1531.852},{"text":"through","start":1531.852,"end":1532.029},{"text":"separate","start":1532.029,"end":1532.51},{"text":"drafts","start":1532.51,"end":1533.04},{"text":"and","start":1532.992,"end":1533.056},{"text":"accompanied","start":1533.136,"end":1533.761},{"text":"by","start":1533.873,"end":1534.098},{"text":"different","start":1534.194,"end":1534.675},{"text":"recommendations.","start":1534.675,"end":1535.444}]},{"text":"On the one hand, the Commission's dual recommendation on state responsibility reflected concerns about maintaining the delicate balance of its 59 articles during potential negotiations.","start":1536.678,"end":1547.193,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":1536.678,"end":1536.742},{"text":"the","start":1536.742,"end":1536.807},{"text":"one","start":1536.823,"end":1536.951},{"text":"hand,","start":1537.063,"end":1537.48},{"text":"the","start":1537.56,"end":1537.64},{"text":"Commission's","start":1537.64,"end":1538.089},{"text":"dual","start":1538.265,"end":1538.49},{"text":"recommendation","start":1538.586,"end":1539.291},{"text":"on","start":1539.403,"end":1539.547},{"text":"state","start":1539.547,"end":1539.836},{"text":"responsibility","start":1539.884,"end":1540.653},{"text":"reflected","start":1540.75,"end":1541.214},{"text":"concerns","start":1541.247,"end":1541.775},{"text":"about","start":1541.888,"end":1542.144},{"text":"maintaining","start":1542.192,"end":1542.737},{"text":"the","start":1542.769,"end":1542.849},{"text":"delicate","start":1542.914,"end":1543.33},{"text":"balance","start":1543.33,"end":1543.811},{"text":"of","start":1544.116,"end":1544.164},{"text":"its","start":1544.212,"end":1544.324},{"text":"59","start":1544.372,"end":1544.981},{"text":"articles","start":1545.158,"end":1545.542},{"text":"during","start":1545.558,"end":1545.783},{"text":"potential","start":1545.895,"end":1546.392},{"text":"negotiations.","start":1546.392,"end":1547.193}]},{"text":"On the other hand, such concerns were never raised regarding the 19 articles on diplomatic protection.","start":1548.235,"end":1553.877,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":1548.235,"end":1548.299},{"text":"the","start":1548.299,"end":1548.443},{"text":"other","start":1548.443,"end":1548.62},{"text":"hand,","start":1548.62,"end":1548.828},{"text":"such","start":1548.956,"end":1549.229},{"text":"concerns","start":1549.325,"end":1549.95},{"text":"were","start":1549.982,"end":1550.062},{"text":"never","start":1550.062,"end":1550.367},{"text":"raised","start":1550.367,"end":1550.752},{"text":"regarding","start":1551.024,"end":1551.457},{"text":"the","start":1551.569,"end":1551.665},{"text":"19","start":1551.665,"end":1552.194},{"text":"articles","start":1552.29,"end":1552.675},{"text":"on","start":1552.707,"end":1552.755},{"text":"diplomatic","start":1552.851,"end":1553.364},{"text":"protection.","start":1553.428,"end":1553.877}]},{"text":"We believe that inaction under one agenda item should not justify inaction under another.","start":1555.095,"end":1560.449,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1555.095,"end":1555.192},{"text":"believe","start":1555.192,"end":1555.48},{"text":"that","start":1555.512,"end":1555.721},{"text":"inaction","start":1555.913,"end":1556.426},{"text":"under","start":1556.618,"end":1556.843},{"text":"one","start":1556.859,"end":1556.987},{"text":"agenda","start":1557.195,"end":1557.516},{"text":"item","start":1557.596,"end":1557.997},{"text":"should","start":1557.997,"end":1558.237},{"text":"not","start":1558.237,"end":1558.494},{"text":"justify","start":1558.494,"end":1559.103},{"text":"inaction","start":1559.119,"end":1559.567},{"text":"under","start":1559.76,"end":1560.064},{"text":"another.","start":1560.145,"end":1560.449}]},{"text":"Otherwise, we risk paralysis across multiple topics, regardless of their different natures.","start":1561.122,"end":1566.14,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. 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Brazil","function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":13,"start":1629.749,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=1630","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Brazil speaking on behalf of a group of 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Norway.","start":1647.837,"end":1659.057,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":1647.837,"end":1648.196},{"text":"I","start":1649.303,"end":1649.369},{"text":"have","start":1649.385,"end":1649.548},{"text":"the","start":1649.548,"end":1649.597},{"text":"honor","start":1649.711,"end":1649.955},{"text":"to","start":1649.955,"end":1650.15},{"text":"speak","start":1650.15,"end":1650.769},{"text":"on","start":1650.786,"end":1650.883},{"text":"behalf","start":1650.932,"end":1651.307},{"text":"of","start":1651.437,"end":1651.535},{"text":"the","start":1651.6,"end":1651.682},{"text":"Nordic","start":1651.682,"end":1652.105},{"text":"countries:","start":1652.252,"end":1652.708},{"text":"Denmark,","start":1653.457,"end":1653.897},{"text":"Finland,","start":1654.43,"end":1654.783},{"text":"Iceland,","start":1655.088,"end":1655.715},{"text":"Sweden,","start":1655.924,"end":1656.438},{"text":"and","start":1657.338,"end":1657.45},{"text":"my","start":1657.45,"end":1657.643},{"text":"own","start":1657.675,"end":1657.788},{"text":"country,","start":1657.916,"end":1658.286},{"text":"Norway.","start":1658.639,"end":1659.057}]},{"text":"The Nordic countries once again commend the International Law Commission and the Special Rapporteur, Mr. John Dugard, for the work that led to the adoption by the International Law Commission in 2006 of the draft articles on diplomatic protection.","start":1660.632,"end":1677.311,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. 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Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1697.593,"end":1697.641},{"text":"would","start":1697.674,"end":1697.803},{"text":"like","start":1697.82,"end":1697.998},{"text":"to","start":1697.998,"end":1698.209},{"text":"reiterate","start":1698.225,"end":1699.068},{"text":"that","start":1699.441,"end":1699.62},{"text":"the","start":1699.62,"end":1699.749},{"text":"articles","start":1699.782,"end":1700.236},{"text":"are","start":1700.349,"end":1700.479},{"text":"generally","start":1700.495,"end":1701.046},{"text":"satisfactory","start":1701.257,"end":1702.019},{"text":"to","start":1702.279,"end":1702.344},{"text":"the","start":1702.376,"end":1702.457},{"text":"Nordic","start":1702.457,"end":1702.765},{"text":"countries.","start":1702.765,"end":1703.073}]},{"text":"In our view, the articles make an important contribution to general international law in the field of diplomatic protection.","start":1704.622,"end":1711.974,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. 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Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":1726.968,"end":1726.984},{"text":"convention","start":1727.032,"end":1727.548},{"text":"on","start":1727.597,"end":1727.742},{"text":"diplomatic","start":1727.742,"end":1728.306},{"text":"protection","start":1728.306,"end":1728.774},{"text":"would,","start":1729.37,"end":1729.515},{"text":"in","start":1729.773,"end":1729.822},{"text":"this","start":1729.919,"end":1730.096},{"text":"case,","start":1730.096,"end":1730.305},{"text":"enhance","start":1730.821,"end":1731.37},{"text":"legal","start":1731.37,"end":1731.612},{"text":"clarity","start":1731.628,"end":1732.16},{"text":"and","start":1732.273,"end":1732.337},{"text":"predictability","start":1732.418,"end":1733.208},{"text":"in","start":1733.482,"end":1733.611},{"text":"this","start":1733.627,"end":1733.691},{"text":"important","start":1733.804,"end":1734.256},{"text":"field","start":1734.288,"end":1734.627},{"text":"of","start":1734.691,"end":1734.756},{"text":"law.","start":1734.756,"end":1734.852}]},{"text":"However, we note that there are diverging views between member states on the articles, including the question of whether they should be converted into a convention.","start":1736.684,"end":1747.197,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. 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Canada.","start":1845.133,"end":1851.518,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":1845.133,"end":1845.328},{"text":"Chair,","start":1845.377,"end":1845.718},{"text":"I","start":1846.595,"end":1846.66},{"text":"have","start":1846.66,"end":1846.807},{"text":"the","start":1846.839,"end":1846.953},{"text":"honor","start":1846.985,"end":1847.229},{"text":"to","start":1847.229,"end":1847.343},{"text":"speak","start":1847.343,"end":1847.57},{"text":"today","start":1847.57,"end":1847.814},{"text":"on","start":1847.895,"end":1847.993},{"text":"behalf","start":1848.058,"end":1848.366},{"text":"of","start":1848.464,"end":1848.545},{"text":"New","start":1848.545,"end":1848.643},{"text":"Zealand","start":1848.643,"end":1849.244},{"text":"and","start":1849.276,"end":1849.341},{"text":"Australia,","start":1849.422,"end":1849.91},{"text":"as","start":1849.926,"end":1850.024},{"text":"well","start":1850.072,"end":1850.137},{"text":"as","start":1850.235,"end":1850.381},{"text":"my","start":1850.413,"end":1850.543},{"text":"own","start":1850.576,"end":1850.625},{"text":"country,","start":1850.738,"end":1851.063},{"text":"Canada.","start":1851.128,"end":1851.518}]},{"text":"Canada's countries express once again their continued appreciation for the International Law Commission's contribution to the topic of diplomatic protection.","start":1852.626,"end":1860.306,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. 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Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"CANZ","start":1954.301,"end":1954.719},{"text":"members","start":1955.329,"end":1955.714},{"text":"continue","start":1955.811,"end":1956.309},{"text":"to","start":1956.309,"end":1956.421},{"text":"value","start":1956.469,"end":1956.807},{"text":"the","start":1956.807,"end":1956.951},{"text":"International","start":1956.951,"end":1957.577},{"text":"Law","start":1957.577,"end":1957.674},{"text":"Commission's","start":1957.674,"end":1958.236},{"text":"work","start":1958.236,"end":1958.413},{"text":"on","start":1959.119,"end":1959.184},{"text":"the","start":1959.184,"end":1959.248},{"text":"draft","start":1959.28,"end":1959.665},{"text":"articles","start":1959.681,"end":1960.131},{"text":"in","start":1960.404,"end":1960.452},{"text":"their","start":1960.484,"end":1960.613},{"text":"current","start":1960.709,"end":1960.966},{"text":"form","start":1960.966,"end":1961.336},{"text":"and","start":1961.85,"end":1961.914},{"text":"recognize","start":1961.994,"end":1962.54},{"text":"they","start":1962.669,"end":1962.813},{"text":"serve","start":1962.813,"end":1963.215},{"text":"a","start":1963.44,"end":1963.456},{"text":"useful","start":1963.52,"end":1963.825},{"text":"purpose","start":1963.857,"end":1964.339},{"text":"in","start":1964.403,"end":1964.451},{"text":"informing","start":1964.5,"end":1964.949},{"text":"state","start":1964.997,"end":1965.303},{"text":"practice","start":1965.303,"end":1965.865},{"text":"in","start":1966.09,"end":1966.138},{"text":"this","start":1966.17,"end":1966.282},{"text":"important","start":1966.346,"end":1966.812},{"text":"area","start":1966.828,"end":1967.214},{"text":"of","start":1967.23,"end":1967.278},{"text":"law.","start":1967.39,"end":1967.471}]},{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":1967.953,"end":1968.758,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1967.953,"end":1968.178},{"text":"you,","start":1968.178,"end":1968.211},{"text":"Mr.","start":1968.243,"end":1968.468},{"text":"Chair.","start":1968.516,"end":1968.758}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"CAN","affiliation_full":"Canada","group":"CANZ","function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":17,"start":1971.317,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=1972","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Canada speaking on behalf of the CANZ countries.","start":1971.317,"end":1975.808,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1971.317,"end":1971.414},{"text":"thank","start":1971.414,"end":1971.607},{"text":"the","start":1971.655,"end":1971.816},{"text":"distinguished","start":1971.816,"end":1972.299},{"text":"representative","start":1972.299,"end":1972.927},{"text":"of","start":1972.927,"end":1972.991},{"text":"Canada","start":1973.023,"end":1973.442},{"text":"speaking","start":1973.442,"end":1973.957},{"text":"on","start":1973.973,"end":1974.037},{"text":"behalf","start":1974.069,"end":1974.456},{"text":"of","start":1974.456,"end":1974.617},{"text":"the","start":1974.617,"end":1974.794},{"text":"CANZ","start":1974.794,"end":1975.357},{"text":"countries.","start":1975.357,"end":1975.808}]},{"text":"I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United States of America.","start":1977.5,"end":1981.353,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1977.5,"end":1977.516},{"text":"give","start":1977.516,"end":1977.613},{"text":"the","start":1977.613,"end":1977.76},{"text":"floor","start":1977.76,"end":1978.02},{"text":"to","start":1978.02,"end":1978.182},{"text":"the","start":1978.182,"end":1978.264},{"text":"distinguished","start":1978.264,"end":1978.833},{"text":"representative","start":1978.833,"end":1979.581},{"text":"of","start":1979.581,"end":1979.743},{"text":"the","start":1979.792,"end":1979.873},{"text":"United","start":1979.873,"end":1980.231},{"text":"States","start":1980.231,"end":1980.703},{"text":"of","start":1980.703,"end":1980.784},{"text":"America.","start":1980.784,"end":1981.353}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":18,"start":1982.638,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=1983","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr.","start":1982.638,"end":1983.011,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1982.638,"end":1982.768},{"text":"you,","start":1982.8,"end":1982.833},{"text":"Mr.","start":1982.849,"end":1983.011}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair. The United States thanks the Secretary-General for his report on this topic containing comments from governments, many of which reflect ongoing concerns about certain draft articles and the continued lack of consensus on this topic.","start":1983.06,"end":1996.495,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."},{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair.","start":1983.06,"end":1983.304},{"text":"The","start":1984.42,"end":1984.468},{"text":"United","start":1984.468,"end":1984.773},{"text":"States","start":1984.773,"end":1985.046},{"text":"thanks","start":1985.094,"end":1985.336},{"text":"the","start":1985.336,"end":1985.464},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":1985.464,"end":1986.316},{"text":"for","start":1986.38,"end":1986.525},{"text":"his","start":1986.541,"end":1986.718},{"text":"report","start":1986.766,"end":1987.103},{"text":"on","start":1987.103,"end":1987.168},{"text":"this","start":1987.168,"end":1987.28},{"text":"topic","start":1987.344,"end":1987.746},{"text":"containing","start":1987.746,"end":1988.196},{"text":"comments","start":1988.228,"end":1988.694},{"text":"from","start":1988.694,"end":1988.775},{"text":"governments,","start":1988.855,"end":1989.289},{"text":"many","start":1989.899,"end":1990.157},{"text":"of","start":1990.157,"end":1990.285},{"text":"which","start":1990.317,"end":1990.446},{"text":"reflect","start":1990.558,"end":1991.024},{"text":"ongoing","start":1991.105,"end":1991.474},{"text":"concerns","start":1991.523,"end":1992.133},{"text":"about","start":1992.246,"end":1992.439},{"text":"certain","start":1992.503,"end":1992.824},{"text":"draft","start":1992.872,"end":1993.146},{"text":"articles","start":1993.194,"end":1993.58},{"text":"and","start":1993.942,"end":1994.006},{"text":"the","start":1994.087,"end":1994.183},{"text":"continued","start":1994.183,"end":1994.665},{"text":"lack","start":1994.729,"end":1994.922},{"text":"of","start":1994.922,"end":1995.002},{"text":"consensus","start":1995.05,"end":1995.741},{"text":"on","start":1995.853,"end":1995.933},{"text":"this","start":1995.933,"end":1996.11},{"text":"topic.","start":1996.11,"end":1996.495}]},{"text":"As we have previously indicated, the United States shares the view that where the draft articles on diplomatic protection reflect state practice, they represent a substantial contribution to the law on the topic and are thus valuable to states in their current form.","start":1997.539,"end":2011.412,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."},{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. 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There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2012.391,"end":2012.472},{"text":"United","start":2012.472,"end":2012.793},{"text":"States","start":2012.793,"end":2013.05},{"text":"has","start":2013.05,"end":2013.226},{"text":"concerns,","start":2013.274,"end":2013.74},{"text":"however,","start":2013.756,"end":2014.093},{"text":"that","start":2014.318,"end":2014.43},{"text":"certain","start":2014.43,"end":2014.8},{"text":"draft","start":2014.8,"end":2015.073},{"text":"articles","start":2015.073,"end":2015.506},{"text":"are","start":2015.619,"end":2015.667},{"text":"inconsistent","start":2015.779,"end":2016.502},{"text":"with","start":2016.502,"end":2016.71},{"text":"well-settled","start":2016.727,"end":2017.353},{"text":"customary","start":2017.385,"end":2017.899},{"text":"international","start":2018.107,"end":2018.557},{"text":"law.","start":2018.605,"end":2018.75}]},{"text":"As one example of this inconsistency, draft Article 15 provides an exception to the requirement that local remedies be exhausted before a state may exercise diplomatic protection on behalf of its national, quote, where there is no reasonably available local remedy for effective redress, or the local remedies provide no reasonable possibility of such redress.","start":2019.793,"end":2039.887,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. 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Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2151.81,"end":2151.908},{"text":"Kingdom","start":2151.908,"end":2152.188},{"text":"of","start":2152.188,"end":2152.286},{"text":"the","start":2152.319,"end":2152.401},{"text":"Netherlands","start":2152.401,"end":2152.845},{"text":"considers","start":2152.993,"end":2153.502},{"text":"that","start":2153.568,"end":2153.815},{"text":"the","start":2153.815,"end":2153.897},{"text":"vast","start":2153.897,"end":2154.291},{"text":"majority","start":2154.291,"end":2154.85},{"text":"of","start":2154.883,"end":2155.014},{"text":"the","start":2155.047,"end":2155.129},{"text":"provisions","start":2155.129,"end":2155.59},{"text":"included","start":2155.932,"end":2156.478},{"text":"in","start":2156.478,"end":2156.542},{"text":"the","start":2156.574,"end":2156.639},{"text":"articles","start":2156.735,"end":2157.185},{"text":"on","start":2157.362,"end":2157.426},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2157.458,"end":2158.069},{"text":"protection","start":2158.085,"end":2158.632},{"text":"reflects","start":2159.29,"end":2159.708},{"text":"customary","start":2159.708,"end":2160.239},{"text":"international","start":2160.335,"end":2160.865},{"text":"law.","start":2160.898,"end":2160.946}]},{"text":"We therefore have no preliminary objections to initiating the process of concluding a treaty on diplomatic protection.","start":2162.264,"end":2169.037,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2162.264,"end":2162.36},{"text":"therefore","start":2162.36,"end":2162.746},{"text":"have","start":2162.746,"end":2162.906},{"text":"no","start":2162.922,"end":2163.244},{"text":"preliminary","start":2163.726,"end":2164.337},{"text":"objections","start":2164.369,"end":2164.899},{"text":"to","start":2165.239,"end":2165.32},{"text":"initiating","start":2165.337,"end":2165.953},{"text":"the","start":2165.986,"end":2166.132},{"text":"process","start":2166.132,"end":2166.667},{"text":"of","start":2166.814,"end":2166.895},{"text":"concluding","start":2166.943,"end":2167.349},{"text":"a","start":2167.382,"end":2167.398},{"text":"treaty","start":2167.511,"end":2167.82},{"text":"on","start":2167.998,"end":2168.047},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2168.096,"end":2168.566},{"text":"protection.","start":2168.566,"end":2169.037}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, if the process of concluding a treaty on diplomatic protection is initiated, the Kingdom of the Netherlands prefers a joint procedure for the articles on state responsibility and the articles on diplomatic protection.","start":2170.536,"end":2184.31,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."},{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":2170.536,"end":2170.745},{"text":"Chair,","start":2170.794,"end":2170.987},{"text":"if","start":2172.066,"end":2172.13},{"text":"the","start":2172.162,"end":2172.243},{"text":"process","start":2172.307,"end":2172.887},{"text":"of","start":2172.967,"end":2173.096},{"text":"concluding","start":2173.112,"end":2173.611},{"text":"a","start":2173.611,"end":2173.644},{"text":"treaty","start":2173.756,"end":2174.223},{"text":"on","start":2174.481,"end":2174.561},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2174.561,"end":2175.044},{"text":"protection","start":2175.044,"end":2175.543},{"text":"is","start":2175.543,"end":2175.592},{"text":"initiated,","start":2175.704,"end":2176.316},{"text":"the","start":2176.831,"end":2176.912},{"text":"Kingdom","start":2176.912,"end":2177.218},{"text":"of","start":2177.25,"end":2177.363},{"text":"the","start":2177.379,"end":2177.411},{"text":"Netherlands","start":2177.411,"end":2177.926},{"text":"prefers","start":2178.023,"end":2178.49},{"text":"a","start":2178.538,"end":2178.667},{"text":"joint","start":2178.667,"end":2178.989},{"text":"procedure","start":2178.989,"end":2179.536},{"text":"for","start":2179.794,"end":2179.923},{"text":"the","start":2179.955,"end":2180.036},{"text":"articles","start":2180.036,"end":2180.352},{"text":"on","start":2180.452,"end":2180.485},{"text":"state","start":2180.485,"end":2180.868},{"text":"responsibility","start":2180.868,"end":2181.649},{"text":"and","start":2182.173,"end":2182.269},{"text":"the","start":2182.269,"end":2182.366},{"text":"articles","start":2182.414,"end":2182.864},{"text":"on","start":2183.282,"end":2183.378},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2183.378,"end":2183.86},{"text":"protection.","start":2183.86,"end":2184.31}]},{"text":"We consider that diplomatic protection is intertwined with state responsibility to such an extent that a separate treaty would not be desirable.","start":2185.789,"end":2193.694,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."},{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2185.789,"end":2185.869},{"text":"consider","start":2185.869,"end":2186.415},{"text":"that","start":2186.415,"end":2186.576},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2186.576,"end":2187.074},{"text":"protection","start":2187.074,"end":2187.524},{"text":"is","start":2187.572,"end":2187.653},{"text":"intertwined","start":2187.797,"end":2188.488},{"text":"with","start":2188.521,"end":2188.681},{"text":"state","start":2188.681,"end":2188.97},{"text":"responsibility","start":2188.987,"end":2189.854},{"text":"to","start":2189.967,"end":2190.095},{"text":"such","start":2190.111,"end":2190.449},{"text":"an","start":2190.449,"end":2190.529},{"text":"extent","start":2190.529,"end":2191.06},{"text":"that","start":2191.415,"end":2191.561},{"text":"a","start":2191.561,"end":2191.593},{"text":"separate","start":2191.593,"end":2192.126},{"text":"treaty","start":2192.126,"end":2192.514},{"text":"would","start":2192.547,"end":2192.708},{"text":"not","start":2192.708,"end":2192.902},{"text":"be","start":2193.015,"end":2193.112},{"text":"desirable.","start":2193.112,"end":2193.694}]},{"text":"At the same time, it is important to note that there are differences between the two.","start":2195.602,"end":2199.352,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":2195.602,"end":2195.699},{"text":"the","start":2195.699,"end":2195.763},{"text":"same","start":2195.763,"end":2195.973},{"text":"time,","start":2196.086,"end":2196.297},{"text":"it","start":2196.733,"end":2196.814},{"text":"is","start":2196.814,"end":2196.862},{"text":"important","start":2196.911,"end":2197.396},{"text":"to","start":2197.396,"end":2197.493},{"text":"note","start":2197.493,"end":2197.816},{"text":"that","start":2197.816,"end":2198.01},{"text":"there","start":2198.026,"end":2198.107},{"text":"are","start":2198.107,"end":2198.155},{"text":"differences","start":2198.285,"end":2198.737},{"text":"between","start":2198.834,"end":2199.093},{"text":"the","start":2199.093,"end":2199.238},{"text":"two.","start":2199.238,"end":2199.352}]},{"text":"The fact that their fate should be joined is just not to be taken to imply the same considerations apply to both sets of articles.","start":2200.629,"end":2207.999,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2200.629,"end":2200.709},{"text":"fact","start":2200.709,"end":2200.92},{"text":"that","start":2200.92,"end":2201.032},{"text":"their","start":2201.032,"end":2201.145},{"text":"fate","start":2201.193,"end":2201.66},{"text":"should","start":2201.66,"end":2201.837},{"text":"be","start":2201.837,"end":2201.981},{"text":"joined","start":2201.981,"end":2202.368},{"text":"is","start":2202.464,"end":2202.528},{"text":"just","start":2202.561,"end":2202.738},{"text":"not","start":2202.738,"end":2203.027},{"text":"to","start":2203.027,"end":2203.124},{"text":"be","start":2203.124,"end":2203.269},{"text":"taken","start":2203.269,"end":2203.655},{"text":"to","start":2203.832,"end":2203.928},{"text":"imply","start":2203.928,"end":2204.282},{"text":"the","start":2204.797,"end":2204.878},{"text":"same","start":2204.878,"end":2205.215},{"text":"considerations","start":2205.215,"end":2205.956},{"text":"apply","start":2206.181,"end":2206.374},{"text":"to","start":2206.487,"end":2206.551},{"text":"both","start":2206.664,"end":2206.953},{"text":"sets","start":2207.146,"end":2207.549},{"text":"of","start":2207.565,"end":2207.661},{"text":"articles.","start":2207.774,"end":2207.999}]},{"text":"While the articles on state responsibility might benefit from further confirmation in state practice, the same does not necessarily apply to the articles on diplomatic protection.","start":2209.583,"end":2218.926,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":2209.583,"end":2209.695},{"text":"the","start":2209.744,"end":2209.872},{"text":"articles","start":2209.888,"end":2210.272},{"text":"on","start":2210.304,"end":2210.385},{"text":"state","start":2210.385,"end":2210.689},{"text":"responsibility","start":2210.705,"end":2211.554},{"text":"might","start":2211.811,"end":2212.051},{"text":"benefit","start":2212.051,"end":2212.516},{"text":"from","start":2212.532,"end":2212.676},{"text":"further","start":2212.772,"end":2213.189},{"text":"confirmation","start":2213.189,"end":2213.798},{"text":"in","start":2213.83,"end":2213.862},{"text":"state","start":2213.862,"end":2214.118},{"text":"practice,","start":2214.214,"end":2214.743},{"text":"the","start":2215.272,"end":2215.304},{"text":"same","start":2215.352,"end":2215.544},{"text":"does","start":2215.593,"end":2215.753},{"text":"not","start":2215.769,"end":2216.009},{"text":"necessarily","start":2216.009,"end":2216.698},{"text":"apply","start":2216.698,"end":2216.971},{"text":"to","start":2217.195,"end":2217.291},{"text":"the","start":2217.291,"end":2217.419},{"text":"articles","start":2217.435,"end":2217.804},{"text":"on","start":2217.836,"end":2217.884},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2217.916,"end":2218.477},{"text":"protection.","start":2218.477,"end":2218.926}]},{"text":"The Kingdom of the Netherlands considers that virtually all of the articles on diplomatic protection reflect customary international law.","start":2220.384,"end":2226.89,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2220.384,"end":2220.464},{"text":"Kingdom","start":2220.464,"end":2220.688},{"text":"of","start":2220.72,"end":2220.865},{"text":"the","start":2220.865,"end":2220.897},{"text":"Netherlands","start":2220.897,"end":2221.297},{"text":"considers","start":2221.361,"end":2221.89},{"text":"that","start":2222.387,"end":2222.531},{"text":"virtually","start":2222.547,"end":2222.932},{"text":"all","start":2223.108,"end":2223.156},{"text":"of","start":2223.22,"end":2223.332},{"text":"the","start":2223.348,"end":2223.445},{"text":"articles","start":2223.445,"end":2223.813},{"text":"on","start":2223.845,"end":2223.893},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2223.925,"end":2224.406},{"text":"protection","start":2224.406,"end":2224.855},{"text":"reflect","start":2225.127,"end":2225.528},{"text":"customary","start":2225.592,"end":2226.137},{"text":"international","start":2226.169,"end":2226.762},{"text":"law.","start":2226.81,"end":2226.89}]},{"text":"We hope, therefore, that the articles on diplomatic protections will continue to be relied on, as they should be, for the application of the law on diplomatic protection.","start":2228.316,"end":2236.824,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2228.316,"end":2228.396},{"text":"hope,","start":2228.396,"end":2228.637},{"text":"therefore,","start":2228.653,"end":2229.245},{"text":"that","start":2229.454,"end":2229.614},{"text":"the","start":2229.614,"end":2229.758},{"text":"articles","start":2229.758,"end":2230.143},{"text":"on","start":2230.175,"end":2230.223},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2230.255,"end":2230.8},{"text":"protections","start":2230.8,"end":2231.425},{"text":"will","start":2231.777,"end":2231.938},{"text":"continue","start":2231.938,"end":2232.418},{"text":"to","start":2232.418,"end":2232.547},{"text":"be","start":2232.579,"end":2232.643},{"text":"relied","start":2232.659,"end":2233.059},{"text":"on,","start":2233.059,"end":2233.172},{"text":"as","start":2233.54,"end":2233.62},{"text":"they","start":2233.62,"end":2233.78},{"text":"should","start":2233.78,"end":2234.069},{"text":"be,","start":2234.101,"end":2234.341},{"text":"for","start":2234.486,"end":2234.632},{"text":"the","start":2234.648,"end":2234.746},{"text":"application","start":2234.746,"end":2235.281},{"text":"of","start":2235.33,"end":2235.411},{"text":"the","start":2235.476,"end":2235.558},{"text":"law","start":2235.558,"end":2235.59},{"text":"on","start":2235.623,"end":2235.882},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2235.882,"end":2236.37},{"text":"protection.","start":2236.37,"end":2236.824}]},{"text":"I thank you, Chair.","start":2237.425,"end":2238.075,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2237.425,"end":2237.458},{"text":"thank","start":2237.506,"end":2237.75},{"text":"you,","start":2237.75,"end":2237.815},{"text":"Chair.","start":2237.831,"end":2238.075}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"NLD","affiliation_full":"Netherlands (Kingdom of the)","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":21,"start":2239.95,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=2240","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the Kingdom of the Netherlands for her statement.","start":2239.95,"end":2245.649,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2239.95,"end":2239.982},{"text":"thank","start":2240.046,"end":2240.239},{"text":"the","start":2240.304,"end":2240.545},{"text":"distinguished","start":2240.787,"end":2241.189},{"text":"representative","start":2241.189,"end":2241.898},{"text":"of","start":2241.994,"end":2242.139},{"text":"the","start":2242.139,"end":2242.332},{"text":"Kingdom","start":2242.638,"end":2242.96},{"text":"of","start":2242.96,"end":2243.057},{"text":"the","start":2243.057,"end":2243.202},{"text":"Netherlands","start":2243.202,"end":2243.701},{"text":"for","start":2243.846,"end":2244.006},{"text":"her","start":2244.006,"end":2244.264},{"text":"statement.","start":2245.133,"end":2245.649}]},{"text":"I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Sierra Leone.","start":2245.938,"end":2249.4,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2245.938,"end":2246.083},{"text":"give","start":2246.083,"end":2246.212},{"text":"the","start":2246.26,"end":2246.341},{"text":"floor","start":2246.341,"end":2246.598},{"text":"to","start":2246.727,"end":2247.001},{"text":"the","start":2247.065,"end":2247.146},{"text":"distinguished","start":2247.146,"end":2247.693},{"text":"representative","start":2247.693,"end":2248.418},{"text":"of","start":2248.498,"end":2248.643},{"text":"Sierra","start":2248.659,"end":2249.078},{"text":"Leone.","start":2249.078,"end":2249.4}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":22,"start":2252.007,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=2253","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":2252.007,"end":2254.709,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2252.007,"end":2252.249},{"text":"you.","start":2252.249,"end":2252.427},{"text":"Thank","start":2253.722,"end":2253.948},{"text":"you,","start":2253.948,"end":2254.029},{"text":"Mr.","start":2254.046,"end":2254.191},{"text":"Chair.","start":2254.288,"end":2254.709}]},{"text":"Sierra Leone thanks the Secretary-General for his report and acknowledges the valuable contribution, both in the convergence and divergence of views from member states on this important agenda.","start":2255.923,"end":2264.352,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Sierra","start":2255.923,"end":2256.165},{"text":"Leone","start":2256.165,"end":2256.36},{"text":"thanks","start":2256.392,"end":2256.683},{"text":"the","start":2256.716,"end":2256.796},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":2256.796,"end":2257.589},{"text":"for","start":2257.589,"end":2257.751},{"text":"his","start":2257.751,"end":2257.913},{"text":"report","start":2257.929,"end":2258.512},{"text":"and","start":2259.952,"end":2260.017},{"text":"acknowledges","start":2260.033,"end":2260.648},{"text":"the","start":2260.761,"end":2260.81},{"text":"valuable","start":2260.81,"end":2261.165},{"text":"contribution,","start":2261.165,"end":2261.78},{"text":"both","start":2261.829,"end":2261.942},{"text":"in","start":2261.99,"end":2262.023},{"text":"the","start":2262.055,"end":2262.088},{"text":"convergence","start":2262.088,"end":2262.314},{"text":"and","start":2262.314,"end":2262.46},{"text":"divergence","start":2262.46,"end":2262.751},{"text":"of","start":2262.767,"end":2262.848},{"text":"views","start":2262.848,"end":2262.993},{"text":"from","start":2262.993,"end":2263.091},{"text":"member","start":2263.091,"end":2263.188},{"text":"states","start":2263.188,"end":2263.349},{"text":"on","start":2263.349,"end":2263.398},{"text":"this","start":2263.43,"end":2263.511},{"text":"important","start":2263.511,"end":2263.997},{"text":"agenda.","start":2263.997,"end":2264.352}]},{"text":"Agenda item.","start":2266.37,"end":2266.918,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Agenda","start":2266.37,"end":2266.611},{"text":"item.","start":2266.644,"end":2266.918}]},{"text":"We commend the International Law Commission for its earlier work and recall General Assembly Resolution 77/105, which renewed discussion on possible future appropriate action concerning the draft articles on diplomatic protection.","start":2268.805,"end":2283.916,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2268.805,"end":2268.901},{"text":"commend","start":2268.966,"end":2269.337},{"text":"the","start":2269.385,"end":2269.546},{"text":"International","start":2269.627,"end":2270.175},{"text":"Law","start":2270.175,"end":2270.337},{"text":"Commission","start":2270.337,"end":2270.804},{"text":"for","start":2270.901,"end":2271.078},{"text":"its","start":2271.094,"end":2271.32},{"text":"earlier","start":2271.32,"end":2271.61},{"text":"work","start":2271.643,"end":2271.949},{"text":"and","start":2271.949,"end":2272.014},{"text":"recall","start":2272.046,"end":2272.53},{"text":"General","start":2272.53,"end":2272.868},{"text":"Assembly","start":2272.868,"end":2273.465},{"text":"Resolution","start":2273.497,"end":2273.884},{"text":"77/105,","start":2273.884,"end":2275.287},{"text":"which","start":2276.91,"end":2276.99},{"text":"renewed","start":2277.022,"end":2277.409},{"text":"discussion","start":2277.409,"end":2278.021},{"text":"on","start":2278.617,"end":2278.713},{"text":"possible","start":2278.713,"end":2279.374},{"text":"future","start":2279.438,"end":2279.76},{"text":"appropriate","start":2279.76,"end":2280.324},{"text":"action","start":2280.324,"end":2280.614},{"text":"concerning","start":2280.711,"end":2281.178},{"text":"the","start":2281.21,"end":2281.355},{"text":"draft","start":2281.355,"end":2281.677},{"text":"articles","start":2281.677,"end":2282.176},{"text":"on","start":2282.74,"end":2282.788},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2282.821,"end":2283.4},{"text":"protection.","start":2283.449,"end":2283.916}]},{"text":"Chair, Sierra Leone wishes to make the following 4 points.","start":2285.53,"end":2288.936,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":2285.53,"end":2285.738},{"text":"Sierra","start":2286.606,"end":2286.783},{"text":"Leone","start":2286.783,"end":2286.976},{"text":"wishes","start":2286.992,"end":2287.297},{"text":"to","start":2287.345,"end":2287.426},{"text":"make","start":2287.426,"end":2287.715},{"text":"the","start":2287.715,"end":2287.779},{"text":"following","start":2287.795,"end":2288.181},{"text":"4","start":2288.213,"end":2288.454},{"text":"points.","start":2288.454,"end":2288.936}]},{"text":"First, Sierra Leone reaffirms the enduring relevance of the draft articles on diplomatic protection.","start":2289.675,"end":2296.138,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":2289.675,"end":2290.222},{"text":"Sierra","start":2291.122,"end":2291.346},{"text":"Leone","start":2291.346,"end":2291.507},{"text":"reaffirms","start":2291.507,"end":2292.118},{"text":"the","start":2292.15,"end":2292.295},{"text":"enduring","start":2292.295,"end":2292.68},{"text":"relevance","start":2292.777,"end":2293.435},{"text":"of","start":2293.516,"end":2293.644},{"text":"the","start":2293.676,"end":2293.918},{"text":"draft","start":2294.094,"end":2294.384},{"text":"articles","start":2294.464,"end":2294.85},{"text":"on","start":2294.953,"end":2295.021},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2295.056,"end":2295.657},{"text":"protection.","start":2295.657,"end":2296.138}]},{"text":"Adopted by the International Law Commission and annexed to General Assembly Resolution 62/67.","start":2297.114,"end":2305.229,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Adopted","start":2297.114,"end":2297.63},{"text":"by","start":2297.678,"end":2297.92},{"text":"the","start":2297.92,"end":2298.179},{"text":"International","start":2298.308,"end":2298.808},{"text":"Law","start":2298.808,"end":2298.953},{"text":"Commission","start":2298.953,"end":2299.421},{"text":"and","start":2299.614,"end":2299.679},{"text":"annexed","start":2299.84,"end":2300.179},{"text":"to","start":2300.244,"end":2300.389},{"text":"General","start":2300.405,"end":2301.712},{"text":"Assembly","start":2301.712,"end":2302.196},{"text":"Resolution","start":2302.196,"end":2302.728},{"text":"62/67.","start":2302.825,"end":2305.229}]},{"text":"These articles provide a balanced framework for states to exercise diplomatic protection on behalf of their nationals while upholding procedural fairness and promoting justice in the international sphere.","start":2306.52,"end":2319.556,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":2306.52,"end":2306.568},{"text":"articles","start":2306.697,"end":2307.244},{"text":"provide","start":2307.599,"end":2308.018},{"text":"a","start":2308.018,"end":2308.13},{"text":"balanced","start":2308.163,"end":2308.549},{"text":"framework","start":2308.549,"end":2308.904},{"text":"for","start":2308.904,"end":2309.081},{"text":"states","start":2309.113,"end":2309.516},{"text":"to","start":2310.176,"end":2310.321},{"text":"exercise","start":2310.337,"end":2310.869},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2310.901,"end":2311.465},{"text":"protection","start":2311.465,"end":2311.996},{"text":"on","start":2312.19,"end":2312.335},{"text":"behalf","start":2312.335,"end":2312.544},{"text":"of","start":2312.657,"end":2312.705},{"text":"their","start":2312.753,"end":2312.85},{"text":"nationals","start":2312.85,"end":2313.365},{"text":"while","start":2314.606,"end":2314.864},{"text":"upholding","start":2314.864,"end":2315.379},{"text":"procedural","start":2315.46,"end":2315.98},{"text":"fairness","start":2315.98,"end":2316.484},{"text":"and","start":2317.037,"end":2317.102},{"text":"promoting","start":2317.183,"end":2317.573},{"text":"justice","start":2317.671,"end":2318.11},{"text":"in","start":2318.256,"end":2318.305},{"text":"the","start":2318.337,"end":2318.5},{"text":"international","start":2318.5,"end":2319.15},{"text":"sphere.","start":2319.15,"end":2319.556}]},{"text":"We are— we particularly value provisions that safeguard the rights of stateless persons and refugees, and those that preserve the principle of continuous nationality, as they offer balanced procedural safeguards and extend protection to the most vulnerable.","start":2321.272,"end":2337.48,"topics":[{"key":"stateless-refugee-protection","label":"Protection of Stateless Persons and Refugees","description":"Several delegations highlighted the draft articles' treatment of stateless persons and refugees as an important issue in its own right. Some welcomed these provisions as progressive development that protects vulnerable people, while others questioned whether they reflect customary international law."},{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2321.272,"end":2321.337},{"text":"are—","start":2321.353,"end":2321.547},{"text":"we","start":2321.676,"end":2321.773},{"text":"particularly","start":2321.918,"end":2322.483},{"text":"value","start":2322.483,"end":2322.935},{"text":"provisions","start":2322.951,"end":2323.5},{"text":"that","start":2323.532,"end":2323.758},{"text":"safeguard","start":2323.758,"end":2324.242},{"text":"the","start":2324.242,"end":2324.275},{"text":"rights","start":2324.275,"end":2324.662},{"text":"of","start":2324.662,"end":2324.71},{"text":"stateless","start":2324.727,"end":2325.227},{"text":"persons","start":2325.227,"end":2325.647},{"text":"and","start":2326.469,"end":2326.614},{"text":"refugees,","start":2326.647,"end":2327.178},{"text":"and","start":2327.436,"end":2327.597},{"text":"those","start":2327.597,"end":2327.823},{"text":"that","start":2327.871,"end":2328.08},{"text":"preserve","start":2328.08,"end":2328.564},{"text":"the","start":2328.741,"end":2328.886},{"text":"principle","start":2328.886,"end":2329.53},{"text":"of","start":2330.432,"end":2330.529},{"text":"continuous","start":2330.577,"end":2331.109},{"text":"nationality,","start":2331.238,"end":2331.93},{"text":"as","start":2332.752,"end":2332.816},{"text":"they","start":2332.849,"end":2332.913},{"text":"offer","start":2333.074,"end":2333.332},{"text":"balanced","start":2333.332,"end":2333.735},{"text":"procedural","start":2333.735,"end":2334.153},{"text":"safeguards","start":2334.153,"end":2334.75},{"text":"and","start":2335.011,"end":2335.076},{"text":"extend","start":2335.109,"end":2335.567},{"text":"protection","start":2335.6,"end":2336.221},{"text":"to","start":2336.499,"end":2336.646},{"text":"the","start":2336.646,"end":2336.711},{"text":"most","start":2336.711,"end":2336.957},{"text":"vulnerable.","start":2336.989,"end":2337.48}]},{"text":"Second, Sierra Leone acknowledges the diverse views expressed by States regarding the future forms of these articles.","start":2339.082,"end":2348.38,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":2339.082,"end":2339.533},{"text":"Sierra","start":2340.628,"end":2340.918},{"text":"Leone","start":2340.918,"end":2341.063},{"text":"acknowledges","start":2341.095,"end":2341.675},{"text":"the","start":2341.675,"end":2341.772},{"text":"diverse","start":2341.82,"end":2342.255},{"text":"views","start":2342.384,"end":2342.722},{"text":"expressed","start":2342.867,"end":2343.27},{"text":"by","start":2343.335,"end":2343.431},{"text":"States","start":2343.431,"end":2343.882},{"text":"regarding","start":2346.073,"end":2346.476},{"text":"the","start":2346.492,"end":2346.637},{"text":"future","start":2346.637,"end":2346.975},{"text":"forms","start":2347.04,"end":2347.458},{"text":"of","start":2347.603,"end":2347.668},{"text":"these","start":2347.716,"end":2347.926},{"text":"articles.","start":2347.926,"end":2348.38}]},{"text":"We align with the broad sentiment that any move towards a convention should be guided by consensus, and grounded in established customary international law.","start":2349.647,"end":2358.919,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. 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Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":2360.594,"end":2360.61},{"text":"treaty,","start":2360.659,"end":2361.11},{"text":"however,","start":2361.609,"end":2362.028},{"text":"could","start":2362.109,"end":2362.35},{"text":"enhance","start":2362.495,"end":2362.914},{"text":"legal","start":2363.075,"end":2363.317},{"text":"certainty","start":2363.317,"end":2363.929},{"text":"and","start":2364.513,"end":2364.611},{"text":"predictability,","start":2364.611,"end":2365.472},{"text":"but","start":2366.057,"end":2366.154},{"text":"only","start":2366.3,"end":2366.479},{"text":"if","start":2366.723,"end":2366.885},{"text":"accompanied","start":2366.885,"end":2367.373},{"text":"by","start":2367.373,"end":2367.519},{"text":"inclusive","start":2367.519,"end":2368.071},{"text":"consultations","start":2368.104,"end":2368.884},{"text":"and","start":2369.631,"end":2369.81},{"text":"the","start":2369.81,"end":2369.891},{"text":"preservation","start":2369.891,"end":2370.541},{"text":"of","start":2370.541,"end":2370.59},{"text":"state","start":2370.59,"end":2370.848},{"text":"consent.","start":2370.848,"end":2371.43}]},{"text":"On this basis, we therefore support in principle the re-establishment of a Sixth Committee Working Group to explore valuable options for codification or other appropriate actions.","start":2374.18,"end":2384.891,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":2374.18,"end":2374.261},{"text":"this","start":2374.261,"end":2374.503},{"text":"basis,","start":2374.503,"end":2374.811},{"text":"we","start":2375.15,"end":2375.199},{"text":"therefore","start":2375.231,"end":2375.587},{"text":"support","start":2375.587,"end":2376.185},{"text":"in","start":2376.201,"end":2376.25},{"text":"principle","start":2376.347,"end":2376.929},{"text":"the","start":2376.929,"end":2377.075},{"text":"re-establishment","start":2377.075,"end":2378.045},{"text":"of","start":2378.126,"end":2378.271},{"text":"a","start":2378.692,"end":2378.708},{"text":"Sixth","start":2378.708,"end":2378.999},{"text":"Committee","start":2379.015,"end":2379.371},{"text":"Working","start":2379.436,"end":2379.743},{"text":"Group","start":2379.759,"end":2380.083},{"text":"to","start":2380.579,"end":2380.661},{"text":"explore","start":2380.661,"end":2381.086},{"text":"valuable","start":2381.086,"end":2381.641},{"text":"options","start":2381.723,"end":2382.115},{"text":"for","start":2382.229,"end":2382.376},{"text":"codification","start":2382.392,"end":2383.16},{"text":"or","start":2383.552,"end":2383.683},{"text":"other","start":2383.683,"end":2383.846},{"text":"appropriate","start":2383.846,"end":2384.418},{"text":"actions.","start":2384.418,"end":2384.891}]},{"text":"Third, Sibylline underscores the link between diplomatic protection and the responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts.","start":2386.66,"end":2394.977,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":2386.66,"end":2387.512},{"text":"Sibylline","start":2387.834,"end":2388.333},{"text":"underscores","start":2388.461,"end":2388.992},{"text":"the","start":2389.025,"end":2389.169},{"text":"link","start":2389.169,"end":2389.491},{"text":"between","start":2389.507,"end":2389.829},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2389.829,"end":2390.408},{"text":"protection","start":2390.456,"end":2390.923},{"text":"and","start":2391.583,"end":2391.776},{"text":"the","start":2391.776,"end":2391.856},{"text":"responsibility","start":2391.856,"end":2392.548},{"text":"of","start":2392.548,"end":2392.596},{"text":"states","start":2392.628,"end":2393.047},{"text":"for","start":2393.047,"end":2393.127},{"text":"internationally","start":2393.127,"end":2393.98},{"text":"wrongful","start":2394.173,"end":2394.639},{"text":"acts.","start":2394.639,"end":2394.977}]},{"text":"The two regimes complement each other in promoting accountability and justice for individuals harmed by breaches of international law.","start":2396.04,"end":2404.35,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."},{"key":"accountability-international-crimes","label":"Accountability for International Crimes","description":"A central theme was the fight against impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other serious violations of international humanitarian law. Speakers presented universal jurisdiction as an important tool to investigate and prosecute the gravest crimes when other avenues fail."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2396.04,"end":2396.072},{"text":"two","start":2396.072,"end":2396.168},{"text":"regimes","start":2396.168,"end":2396.602},{"text":"complement","start":2396.699,"end":2397.277},{"text":"each","start":2397.277,"end":2397.406},{"text":"other","start":2397.502,"end":2397.792},{"text":"in","start":2398.322,"end":2398.37},{"text":"promoting","start":2398.402,"end":2398.853},{"text":"accountability","start":2398.901,"end":2399.737},{"text":"and","start":2400.331,"end":2400.476},{"text":"justice","start":2400.476,"end":2400.862},{"text":"for","start":2400.958,"end":2401.039},{"text":"individuals","start":2401.119,"end":2401.585},{"text":"harmed","start":2401.617,"end":2401.987},{"text":"by","start":2402.727,"end":2402.887},{"text":"breaches","start":2402.887,"end":2403.273},{"text":"of","start":2403.386,"end":2403.514},{"text":"international","start":2403.611,"end":2404.254},{"text":"law.","start":2404.254,"end":2404.35}]},{"text":"We welcome proposals encouraging coherence between these two sets of articles to ensure consistent interpretation and application.","start":2406.674,"end":2415.45,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2406.674,"end":2406.836},{"text":"welcome","start":2406.836,"end":2407.193},{"text":"proposals","start":2407.257,"end":2407.873},{"text":"encouraging","start":2408.132,"end":2408.65},{"text":"coherence","start":2408.715,"end":2409.233},{"text":"between","start":2409.848,"end":2410.172},{"text":"these","start":2410.172,"end":2410.302},{"text":"two","start":2410.415,"end":2410.577},{"text":"sets","start":2410.577,"end":2410.836},{"text":"of","start":2410.836,"end":2410.95},{"text":"articles","start":2411.047,"end":2411.597},{"text":"to","start":2411.63,"end":2411.759},{"text":"ensure","start":2411.857,"end":2412.326},{"text":"consistent","start":2412.342,"end":2413.104},{"text":"interpretation","start":2413.557,"end":2414.27},{"text":"and","start":2414.708,"end":2414.792},{"text":"application.","start":2414.809,"end":2415.45}]},{"text":"Finally, Sierra Leone reaffirms its commitment to the Vienna Conventions on Diplomatic and Consular Relations and to the protection, security, and dignity of all diplomatic and consular personnel and missions within its territory.","start":2418.026,"end":2433.228,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":2418.026,"end":2418.428},{"text":"Sierra","start":2419.103,"end":2419.392},{"text":"Leone","start":2419.392,"end":2419.601},{"text":"reaffirms","start":2419.794,"end":2420.356},{"text":"its","start":2420.356,"end":2420.469},{"text":"commitment","start":2420.517,"end":2421.08},{"text":"to","start":2421.08,"end":2421.176},{"text":"the","start":2421.176,"end":2421.256},{"text":"Vienna","start":2421.256,"end":2421.642},{"text":"Conventions","start":2421.642,"end":2422.317},{"text":"on","start":2422.687,"end":2422.783},{"text":"Diplomatic","start":2422.783,"end":2423.426},{"text":"and","start":2423.426,"end":2423.571},{"text":"Consular","start":2423.571,"end":2423.94},{"text":"Relations","start":2423.989,"end":2424.519},{"text":"and","start":2425.58,"end":2425.676},{"text":"to","start":2425.676,"end":2425.821},{"text":"the","start":2425.821,"end":2425.917},{"text":"protection,","start":2425.917,"end":2426.448},{"text":"security,","start":2426.85,"end":2427.495},{"text":"and","start":2427.592,"end":2427.689},{"text":"dignity","start":2427.754,"end":2428.222},{"text":"of","start":2428.254,"end":2428.384},{"text":"all","start":2428.561,"end":2428.626},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2429.304,"end":2430.015},{"text":"and","start":2430.095,"end":2430.257},{"text":"consular","start":2430.257,"end":2430.806},{"text":"personnel","start":2431.08,"end":2431.581},{"text":"and","start":2431.581,"end":2431.694},{"text":"missions","start":2431.71,"end":2432.098},{"text":"within","start":2432.211,"end":2432.598},{"text":"its","start":2432.598,"end":2432.711},{"text":"territory.","start":2432.76,"end":2433.228}]},{"text":"We call for reciprocal adherence by receiving States and stress that effective diplomatic protection must operate within the framework of transparency, due process, and respect for sovereignty.","start":2434.523,"end":2448.504,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."},{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction-safeguards","label":"Universal Jurisdiction Safeguards","description":"Statements addressed the conditions and limits for exercising universal jurisdiction, including respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, immunities, and non-interference. Speakers also referred to requirements such as the presence of the accused, consultation with relevant states, and avoiding politicized or selective use."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2434.523,"end":2434.685},{"text":"call","start":2434.749,"end":2434.895},{"text":"for","start":2435.008,"end":2435.235},{"text":"reciprocal","start":2435.235,"end":2436.076},{"text":"adherence","start":2436.221,"end":2436.868},{"text":"by","start":2437.272,"end":2437.499},{"text":"receiving","start":2437.499,"end":2437.871},{"text":"States","start":2437.871,"end":2438.437},{"text":"and","start":2438.954,"end":2439.003},{"text":"stress","start":2439.003,"end":2439.375},{"text":"that","start":2439.375,"end":2439.553},{"text":"effective","start":2439.553,"end":2440.151},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2440.2,"end":2440.814},{"text":"protection","start":2440.814,"end":2441.283},{"text":"must","start":2441.946,"end":2442.14},{"text":"operate","start":2442.14,"end":2442.593},{"text":"within","start":2442.593,"end":2442.82},{"text":"the","start":2442.82,"end":2442.917},{"text":"framework","start":2442.917,"end":2443.437},{"text":"of","start":2443.908,"end":2443.989},{"text":"transparency,","start":2444.054,"end":2444.736},{"text":"due","start":2445.597,"end":2445.743},{"text":"process,","start":2445.759,"end":2446.133},{"text":"and","start":2446.506,"end":2446.571},{"text":"respect","start":2446.669,"end":2447.286},{"text":"for","start":2447.741,"end":2447.887},{"text":"sovereignty.","start":2447.887,"end":2448.504}]},{"text":"We also encourage continued discussion on strengthening safeguards for refugees, stateless persons, and dual nationals.","start":2450.1,"end":2458.569,"topics":[{"key":"stateless-refugee-protection","label":"Protection of Stateless Persons and Refugees","description":"Several delegations highlighted the draft articles' treatment of stateless persons and refugees as an important issue in its own right. Some welcomed these provisions as progressive development that protects vulnerable people, while others questioned whether they reflect customary international law."},{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2450.1,"end":2450.196},{"text":"also","start":2450.196,"end":2450.454},{"text":"encourage","start":2450.454,"end":2451.067},{"text":"continued","start":2451.164,"end":2451.664},{"text":"discussion","start":2451.664,"end":2452.229},{"text":"on","start":2452.229,"end":2452.39},{"text":"strengthening","start":2452.39,"end":2454.697},{"text":"safeguards","start":2454.713,"end":2455.262},{"text":"for","start":2455.278,"end":2455.488},{"text":"refugees,","start":2455.488,"end":2455.826},{"text":"stateless","start":2456.585,"end":2457.036},{"text":"persons,","start":2457.149,"end":2457.601},{"text":"and","start":2457.859,"end":2457.94},{"text":"dual","start":2458.02,"end":2458.214},{"text":"nationals.","start":2458.262,"end":2458.569}]},{"text":"Whose protection remains a pressing humanitarian and legal concern.","start":2459.439,"end":2463.803,"topics":[{"key":"stateless-refugee-protection","label":"Protection of Stateless Persons and Refugees","description":"Several delegations highlighted the draft articles' treatment of stateless persons and refugees as an important issue in its own right. Some welcomed these provisions as progressive development that protects vulnerable people, while others questioned whether they reflect customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Whose","start":2459.439,"end":2459.602},{"text":"protection","start":2459.602,"end":2460.139},{"text":"remains","start":2460.742,"end":2461.116},{"text":"a","start":2461.165,"end":2461.295},{"text":"pressing","start":2461.295,"end":2461.653},{"text":"humanitarian","start":2461.653,"end":2462.484},{"text":"and","start":2462.94,"end":2463.005},{"text":"legal","start":2463.086,"end":2463.347},{"text":"concern.","start":2463.347,"end":2463.803}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, Sierra Leone remains open to constructive engagement on this item.","start":2465.34,"end":2471.378,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":2465.34,"end":2465.662},{"text":"Chair,","start":2465.967,"end":2466.917},{"text":"Sierra","start":2467.32,"end":2467.562},{"text":"Leone","start":2467.562,"end":2467.771},{"text":"remains","start":2467.771,"end":2468.077},{"text":"open","start":2468.254,"end":2468.479},{"text":"to","start":2468.656,"end":2468.721},{"text":"constructive","start":2468.817,"end":2469.606},{"text":"engagement","start":2470.122,"end":2470.701},{"text":"on","start":2470.701,"end":2470.782},{"text":"this","start":2470.83,"end":2471.007},{"text":"item.","start":2471.072,"end":2471.378}]},{"text":"We stand ready to participate actively in any renewed working group or intercessional dialogue aimed at building consensus towards practical outcomes that reinforce the rule of law, the rights of individuals, and the principles of sovereign equality among 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thank you.","start":2490.49,"end":2490.912,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2490.49,"end":2490.506},{"text":"thank","start":2490.571,"end":2490.815},{"text":"you.","start":2490.815,"end":2490.912}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"SLE","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":23,"start":2492.71,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=2493","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Sierra Leone for his statement.","start":2492.71,"end":2496.254,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2492.71,"end":2492.742},{"text":"thank","start":2492.824,"end":2493.071},{"text":"the","start":2493.071,"end":2493.333},{"text":"distinguished","start":2493.399,"end":2493.891},{"text":"representative","start":2493.891,"end":2494.531},{"text":"of","start":2494.531,"end":2494.629},{"text":"Sierra","start":2494.629,"end":2495.04},{"text":"Leone","start":2495.04,"end":2495.368},{"text":"for","start":2495.368,"end":2495.466},{"text":"his","start":2495.515,"end":2495.581},{"text":"statement.","start":2495.696,"end":2496.254}]},{"text":"I give the floor to our vice chair, the distinguished representative of Equatorial Guinea.","start":2497.45,"end":2502.055,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2497.45,"end":2497.482},{"text":"give","start":2497.482,"end":2497.596},{"text":"the","start":2497.645,"end":2497.694},{"text":"floor","start":2497.726,"end":2498.084},{"text":"to","start":2498.117,"end":2498.426},{"text":"our","start":2498.8,"end":2498.947},{"text":"vice","start":2498.947,"end":2499.272},{"text":"chair,","start":2499.272,"end":2499.663},{"text":"the","start":2499.679,"end":2499.76},{"text":"distinguished","start":2499.76,"end":2500.265},{"text":"representative","start":2500.265,"end":2500.981},{"text":"of","start":2500.981,"end":2501.209},{"text":"Equatorial","start":2501.209,"end":2501.762},{"text":"Guinea.","start":2501.86,"end":2502.055}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":24,"start":2507.57,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=2508","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Muchas gracias, señor presidente.","start":2507.57,"end":2508.903,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Muchas","start":2507.57,"end":2507.786},{"text":"gracias,","start":2507.786,"end":2508.036},{"text":"señor","start":2508.086,"end":2508.353},{"text":"presidente.","start":2508.353,"end":2508.903}]},{"text":"Thank you very much, Chairman.","start":2509.02,"end":2509.986,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2509.02,"end":2509.186},{"text":"you","start":2509.186,"end":2509.27},{"text":"very","start":2509.27,"end":2509.37},{"text":"much,","start":2509.37,"end":2509.653},{"text":"Chairman.","start":2509.686,"end":2509.986}]},{"text":"At the outset, we'd like to thank the Secretary General for the report on diplomatic protection contained in document A/AT/280, which reflects the observations received from member states in this respect.","start":2510.911,"end":2525.028,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":2510.911,"end":2511.007},{"text":"the","start":2511.007,"end":2511.088},{"text":"outset,","start":2511.088,"end":2511.474},{"text":"we'd","start":2511.571,"end":2511.732},{"text":"like","start":2511.732,"end":2511.957},{"text":"to","start":2511.957,"end":2512.07},{"text":"thank","start":2512.07,"end":2512.36},{"text":"the","start":2512.36,"end":2512.44},{"text":"Secretary","start":2512.44,"end":2512.827},{"text":"General","start":2512.843,"end":2513.181},{"text":"for","start":2513.181,"end":2513.599},{"text":"the","start":2513.825,"end":2513.986},{"text":"report","start":2513.986,"end":2514.565},{"text":"on","start":2514.565,"end":2514.646},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2514.71,"end":2515.274},{"text":"protection","start":2515.274,"end":2515.869},{"text":"contained","start":2516.063,"end":2516.481},{"text":"in","start":2516.481,"end":2516.529},{"text":"document","start":2516.562,"end":2517.109},{"text":"A/AT/280,","start":2517.19,"end":2518.059},{"text":"which","start":2520.63,"end":2520.727},{"text":"reflects","start":2520.727,"end":2521.309},{"text":"the","start":2521.309,"end":2521.454},{"text":"observations","start":2521.454,"end":2522.279},{"text":"received","start":2522.279,"end":2522.877},{"text":"from","start":2522.926,"end":2523.12},{"text":"member","start":2523.637,"end":2523.88},{"text":"states","start":2523.88,"end":2524.3},{"text":"in","start":2524.3,"end":2524.348},{"text":"this","start":2524.381,"end":2524.543},{"text":"respect.","start":2524.543,"end":2525.028}]},{"text":"We also express our thanks to the International Law Commission for the dedication and efforts that it has demonstrated in preparing the draft articles on diplomatic protection.","start":2525.82,"end":2536.056,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2525.82,"end":2525.901},{"text":"also","start":2525.982,"end":2526.273},{"text":"express","start":2526.645,"end":2527.113},{"text":"our","start":2527.113,"end":2527.291},{"text":"thanks","start":2527.291,"end":2527.841},{"text":"to","start":2527.841,"end":2528.116},{"text":"the","start":2528.181,"end":2528.375},{"text":"International","start":2528.407,"end":2528.941},{"text":"Law","start":2528.989,"end":2529.183},{"text":"Commission","start":2529.215,"end":2529.749},{"text":"for","start":2529.878,"end":2530.137},{"text":"the","start":2530.202,"end":2530.445},{"text":"dedication","start":2530.445,"end":2531.224},{"text":"and","start":2531.321,"end":2531.515},{"text":"efforts","start":2531.58,"end":2531.921},{"text":"that","start":2531.97,"end":2532.083},{"text":"it","start":2532.083,"end":2532.213},{"text":"has","start":2532.213,"end":2532.278},{"text":"demonstrated","start":2532.31,"end":2533.121},{"text":"in","start":2533.121,"end":2533.267},{"text":"preparing","start":2533.267,"end":2533.802},{"text":"the","start":2533.851,"end":2534.013},{"text":"draft","start":2534.013,"end":2534.402},{"text":"articles","start":2534.483,"end":2535.034},{"text":"on","start":2535.213,"end":2535.359},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2535.391,"end":2535.748},{"text":"protection.","start":2535.748,"end":2536.056}]},{"text":"Protection in 2006.","start":2536.19,"end":2539.226,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Protection","start":2536.19,"end":2536.591},{"text":"in","start":2538.069,"end":2538.118},{"text":"2006.","start":2538.214,"end":2539.226}]},{"text":"This important work represents a significant contribution to the codification and progressive development of international law in terms of the protection that states should give to the rights of their citizens, particularly when these are violated by internationally wrongful acts perpetrated by by third states.","start":2540.785,"end":2562.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2540.785,"end":2540.849},{"text":"important","start":2540.961,"end":2541.363},{"text":"work","start":2541.427,"end":2541.7},{"text":"represents","start":2541.749,"end":2542.327},{"text":"a","start":2542.327,"end":2542.343},{"text":"significant","start":2542.472,"end":2543.13},{"text":"contribution","start":2543.13,"end":2543.805},{"text":"to","start":2543.998,"end":2544.223},{"text":"the","start":2544.721,"end":2544.93},{"text":"codification","start":2545.042,"end":2545.83},{"text":"and","start":2546.007,"end":2546.121},{"text":"progressive","start":2546.185,"end":2546.589},{"text":"development","start":2546.589,"end":2547.091},{"text":"of","start":2547.091,"end":2547.155},{"text":"international","start":2547.155,"end":2547.802},{"text":"law","start":2547.802,"end":2547.996},{"text":"in","start":2548.594,"end":2548.691},{"text":"terms","start":2548.691,"end":2549.144},{"text":"of","start":2550.049,"end":2550.356},{"text":"the","start":2550.534,"end":2550.712},{"text":"protection","start":2550.712,"end":2551.278},{"text":"that","start":2551.278,"end":2551.423},{"text":"states","start":2551.423,"end":2551.957},{"text":"should","start":2551.989,"end":2552.151},{"text":"give","start":2552.167,"end":2552.377},{"text":"to","start":2552.555,"end":2552.991},{"text":"the","start":2555.797,"end":2555.894},{"text":"rights","start":2556.99,"end":2557.264},{"text":"of","start":2557.264,"end":2557.393},{"text":"their","start":2557.393,"end":2557.506},{"text":"citizens,","start":2557.506,"end":2557.86},{"text":"particularly","start":2557.893,"end":2558.344},{"text":"when","start":2558.36,"end":2558.424},{"text":"these","start":2558.537,"end":2558.747},{"text":"are","start":2558.924,"end":2559.037},{"text":"violated","start":2559.182,"end":2559.81},{"text":"by","start":2559.81,"end":2559.907},{"text":"internationally","start":2559.907,"end":2560.471},{"text":"wrongful","start":2560.536,"end":2561.148},{"text":"acts","start":2561.196,"end":2561.438},{"text":"perpetrated","start":2561.438,"end":2561.825},{"text":"by","start":2561.825,"end":2562.035},{"text":"by","start":2561.9,"end":2561.932},{"text":"third","start":2561.932,"end":2562.253},{"text":"states.","start":2562.253,"end":2562.75}]},{"text":"In this context, we welcome the recommendations of the ILC to consider these articles in a legally binding 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delegation believes that the draft substantively contributes to specifying the traditional requirements for diplomatic protection, particularly the exhaustion of local remedies and nationality, and also incorporating principles of equity and human rights that reflects contemporary developments in international law.","start":2573.489,"end":2594.067,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":2573.489,"end":2573.65},{"text":"delegation","start":2573.65,"end":2574.099},{"text":"believes","start":2574.131,"end":2574.5},{"text":"that","start":2574.517,"end":2574.757},{"text":"the","start":2574.757,"end":2574.918},{"text":"draft","start":2574.918,"end":2575.271},{"text":"substantively","start":2575.271,"end":2576.058},{"text":"contributes","start":2576.058,"end":2576.78},{"text":"to","start":2576.78,"end":2577.181},{"text":"specifying","start":2577.422,"end":2578.112},{"text":"the","start":2578.209,"end":2578.385},{"text":"traditional","start":2578.385,"end":2578.883},{"text":"requirements","start":2578.931,"end":2579.653},{"text":"for","start":2579.669,"end":2579.926},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2580.071,"end":2580.568},{"text":"protection,","start":2580.616,"end":2581.162},{"text":"particularly","start":2581.66,"end":2582.366},{"text":"the","start":2582.559,"end":2582.719},{"text":"exhaustion","start":2582.719,"end":2583.409},{"text":"of","start":2583.666,"end":2583.987},{"text":"local","start":2583.987,"end":2584.373},{"text":"remedies","start":2585.288,"end":2585.817},{"text":"and","start":2586.074,"end":2586.54},{"text":"nationality,","start":2587.214,"end":2587.904},{"text":"and","start":2588.241,"end":2588.386},{"text":"also","start":2588.402,"end":2588.658},{"text":"incorporating","start":2588.658,"end":2589.349},{"text":"principles","start":2589.59,"end":2589.766},{"text":"of","start":2589.766,"end":2589.846},{"text":"equity","start":2589.862,"end":2590.263},{"text":"and","start":2590.263,"end":2590.344},{"text":"human","start":2590.344,"end":2590.649},{"text":"rights","start":2590.665,"end":2590.986},{"text":"that","start":2590.986,"end":2591.13},{"text":"reflects","start":2591.13,"end":2591.611},{"text":"contemporary","start":2592.029,"end":2592.606},{"text":"developments","start":2592.606,"end":2593.152},{"text":"in","start":2593.152,"end":2593.232},{"text":"international","start":2593.232,"end":2593.826},{"text":"law.","start":2593.874,"end":2594.067}]},{"text":"We believe that the potential adoption of a convention on this matter could strengthen legal certainty, predictability in international 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could ensure a minimum standard for protection for persons from serious violations of their rights abroad and could favor greater consistency between diplomatic protection and other international protection mechanisms, including in human rights systems.","start":2605.187,"end":2620.323,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2605.187,"end":2605.251},{"text":"could","start":2605.251,"end":2605.412},{"text":"ensure","start":2605.492,"end":2606.006},{"text":"a","start":2606.054,"end":2606.15},{"text":"minimum","start":2606.15,"end":2606.599},{"text":"standard","start":2606.631,"end":2607.161},{"text":"for","start":2607.177,"end":2607.257},{"text":"protection","start":2607.257,"end":2607.723},{"text":"for","start":2607.835,"end":2607.995},{"text":"persons","start":2607.995,"end":2608.605},{"text":"from","start":2608.701,"end":2609.006},{"text":"serious","start":2609.054,"end":2609.52},{"text":"violations","start":2609.52,"end":2610.081},{"text":"of","start":2610.097,"end":2610.162},{"text":"their","start":2610.162,"end":2610.386},{"text":"rights","start":2610.386,"end":2610.836},{"text":"abroad","start":2610.9,"end":2611.494},{"text":"and","start":2611.831,"end":2611.959},{"text":"could","start":2612.007,"end":2612.216},{"text":"favor","start":2612.248,"end":2612.809},{"text":"greater","start":2612.874,"end":2613.291},{"text":"consistency","start":2613.291,"end":2614.061},{"text":"between","start":2614.093,"end":2614.414},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2614.414,"end":2615.04},{"text":"protection","start":2615.04,"end":2615.634},{"text":"and","start":2615.634,"end":2615.73},{"text":"other","start":2615.858,"end":2616.163},{"text":"international","start":2616.179,"end":2616.853},{"text":"protection","start":2616.95,"end":2617.287},{"text":"mechanisms,","start":2617.383,"end":2618.074},{"text":"including","start":2618.106,"end":2618.717},{"text":"in","start":2619.07,"end":2619.199},{"text":"human","start":2619.215,"end":2619.44},{"text":"rights","start":2619.472,"end":2619.793},{"text":"systems.","start":2619.793,"end":2620.323}]},{"text":"We recognize that other states share the same level of enthusiasm.","start":2621.159,"end":2627.842,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2621.159,"end":2621.319},{"text":"recognize","start":2621.383,"end":2622.09},{"text":"that","start":2623.552,"end":2623.633},{"text":"other","start":2623.713,"end":2623.874},{"text":"states","start":2623.874,"end":2625.143},{"text":"share","start":2625.721,"end":2625.994},{"text":"the","start":2626.123,"end":2626.332},{"text":"same","start":2626.38,"end":2626.765},{"text":"level","start":2626.846,"end":2627.087},{"text":"of","start":2627.087,"end":2627.119},{"text":"enthusiasm.","start":2627.119,"end":2627.842}]},{"text":"Therefore, we believe it's crucial to drive constructive, open dialogue between delegations so as to better understand the different perspectives, overcome discrepancies, and to advance together and in a consensus basis towards the preparation of a robust universal 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would also be helpful during debates to look at— to coordinate our work with the work on internationally wrongful acts given the links between both 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the international regime involves ensuring clear predictable rules.","start":2662.429,"end":2668.693,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Strengthening","start":2662.429,"end":2662.976},{"text":"the","start":2663.234,"end":2663.443},{"text":"international","start":2663.475,"end":2663.926},{"text":"regime","start":2663.975,"end":2664.458},{"text":"involves","start":2664.522,"end":2665.07},{"text":"ensuring","start":2665.972,"end":2666.519},{"text":"clear","start":2667.196,"end":2667.679},{"text":"predictable","start":2667.679,"end":2668.355},{"text":"rules.","start":2668.468,"end":2668.693}]},{"text":"The codification of diplomatic protection not only will benefit states but would also contribute to a positive image of this organization promoting justice, sovereign equality, and the dignity of the human 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to conclude, we therefore reiterate our full support for the efforts of the International Law Commission and our readiness to participate actively in future debates that would allow us to make a gradual consensus-based progress towards a possible convention on diplomatic 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Guinea.","start":2703.619,"end":2707.963,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2703.619,"end":2703.667},{"text":"thank","start":2703.716,"end":2704.039},{"text":"the","start":2704.039,"end":2704.281},{"text":"Vice","start":2704.426,"end":2704.636},{"text":"Chair,","start":2704.749,"end":2705.072},{"text":"the","start":2705.088,"end":2705.249},{"text":"distinguished","start":2705.249,"end":2705.798},{"text":"representative","start":2705.798,"end":2706.509},{"text":"of","start":2706.622,"end":2706.751},{"text":"Equatorial","start":2706.864,"end":2707.703},{"text":"Guinea.","start":2707.72,"end":2707.963}]},{"text":"I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Brazil.","start":2708.645,"end":2711.519,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2708.645,"end":2708.694},{"text":"give","start":2708.791,"end":2708.905},{"text":"the","start":2708.905,"end":2709.035},{"text":"floor","start":2709.035,"end":2709.246},{"text":"to","start":2709.375,"end":2709.522},{"text":"the","start":2709.522,"end":2709.7},{"text":"distinguished","start":2709.7,"end":2710.252},{"text":"representative","start":2710.252,"end":2711.064},{"text":"of","start":2711.064,"end":2711.113},{"text":"Brazil.","start":2711.226,"end":2711.519}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":26,"start":2713.12,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=2714","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":2713.12,"end":2713.971,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2713.12,"end":2713.232},{"text":"you,","start":2713.232,"end":2713.344},{"text":"Mr.","start":2713.393,"end":2713.65},{"text":"Chair.","start":2713.698,"end":2713.971}]},{"text":"Brazil welcomes the discussions on the draft articles on diplomatic protection.","start":2714.903,"end":2718.984,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. 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Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2719.643,"end":2719.723},{"text":"believe","start":2719.723,"end":2719.98},{"text":"that","start":2719.98,"end":2720.141},{"text":"the","start":2720.141,"end":2720.285},{"text":"draft","start":2720.285,"end":2720.623},{"text":"articles","start":2720.687,"end":2720.992},{"text":"represent","start":2721.089,"end":2721.442},{"text":"a","start":2721.523,"end":2721.539},{"text":"solid","start":2721.571,"end":2721.924},{"text":"basis","start":2721.989,"end":2722.406},{"text":"for","start":2722.535,"end":2722.68},{"text":"a","start":2722.68,"end":2722.714},{"text":"future","start":2722.714,"end":2723.122},{"text":"convention","start":2723.122,"end":2723.615},{"text":"on","start":2723.887,"end":2723.955},{"text":"the","start":2723.972,"end":2724.074},{"text":"topic.","start":2724.074,"end":2724.312}]},{"text":"Reflecting customary international law on the subject, the draft articles codify the established practice regarding the rules of continuous nationality and exhaustion of local remedies, while also acknowledging the discretionary character of diplomatic protection.","start":2725.318,"end":2739.662,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. 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There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":2770.665,"end":2770.793},{"text":"avoid","start":2770.842,"end":2771.195},{"text":"any","start":2771.371,"end":2771.484},{"text":"misconception","start":2771.484,"end":2772.318},{"text":"or","start":2772.495,"end":2772.591},{"text":"misuse","start":2772.591,"end":2773.137},{"text":"of","start":2773.137,"end":2773.217},{"text":"the","start":2773.217,"end":2773.297},{"text":"articles,","start":2773.377,"end":2773.762},{"text":"Article","start":2773.939,"end":2774.26},{"text":"1","start":2774.34,"end":2774.469},{"text":"could","start":2774.822,"end":2774.934},{"text":"explicitly","start":2774.934,"end":2775.688},{"text":"distinguish","start":2775.945,"end":2776.523},{"text":"between","start":2776.523,"end":2776.892},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2776.924,"end":2777.47},{"text":"protection","start":2777.47,"end":2777.935},{"text":"and","start":2778.432,"end":2778.513},{"text":"consular","start":2778.609,"end":2779.026},{"text":"assistance.","start":2779.026,"end":2779.379}]},{"text":"Citizens.","start":2779.46,"end":2779.668,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Citizens.","start":2779.46,"end":2779.668}]},{"text":"Although the difference between the two concepts is stark in theory, there may be cases where confusion between the two could arise.","start":2780.133,"end":2786.673,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Although","start":2780.133,"end":2780.341},{"text":"the","start":2780.357,"end":2780.453},{"text":"difference","start":2780.453,"end":2780.854},{"text":"between","start":2780.854,"end":2781.159},{"text":"the","start":2781.159,"end":2781.255},{"text":"two","start":2781.255,"end":2781.479},{"text":"concepts","start":2781.479,"end":2782.057},{"text":"is","start":2782.121,"end":2782.185},{"text":"stark","start":2782.217,"end":2783.018},{"text":"in","start":2783.018,"end":2783.066},{"text":"theory,","start":2783.163,"end":2783.467},{"text":"there","start":2783.82,"end":2783.916},{"text":"may","start":2783.916,"end":2784.06},{"text":"be","start":2784.141,"end":2784.285},{"text":"cases","start":2784.285,"end":2784.638},{"text":"where","start":2784.702,"end":2784.862},{"text":"confusion","start":2784.862,"end":2785.391},{"text":"between","start":2785.503,"end":2785.744},{"text":"the","start":2785.744,"end":2785.824},{"text":"two","start":2785.824,"end":2786},{"text":"could","start":2786.144,"end":2786.305},{"text":"arise.","start":2786.321,"end":2786.673}]},{"text":"Article 1 could also be improved by referring to the provisions of Article 8, since the definition of diplomatic protection Article 1 provides does not mention stateless persons and refugees.","start":2787.972,"end":2799.097,"topics":[{"key":"stateless-refugee-protection","label":"Protection of Stateless Persons and Refugees","description":"Several delegations highlighted the draft articles' treatment of stateless persons and refugees as an important issue in its own right. Some welcomed these provisions as progressive development that protects vulnerable people, while others questioned whether they reflect customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Article","start":2787.972,"end":2788.212},{"text":"1","start":2788.309,"end":2788.517},{"text":"could","start":2788.613,"end":2788.725},{"text":"also","start":2788.773,"end":2789.078},{"text":"be","start":2789.11,"end":2789.27},{"text":"improved","start":2789.27,"end":2789.719},{"text":"by","start":2789.751,"end":2789.864},{"text":"referring","start":2789.912,"end":2790.28},{"text":"to","start":2790.312,"end":2790.457},{"text":"the","start":2790.457,"end":2790.553},{"text":"provisions","start":2790.553,"end":2791.05},{"text":"of","start":2791.05,"end":2791.178},{"text":"Article","start":2791.178,"end":2791.483},{"text":"8,","start":2791.659,"end":2791.98},{"text":"since","start":2792.413,"end":2792.781},{"text":"the","start":2792.781,"end":2792.909},{"text":"definition","start":2792.958,"end":2793.438},{"text":"of","start":2793.438,"end":2793.583},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2793.839,"end":2794.32},{"text":"protection","start":2794.32,"end":2794.769},{"text":"Article","start":2794.945,"end":2795.25},{"text":"1","start":2795.282,"end":2795.41},{"text":"provides","start":2795.523,"end":2796.052},{"text":"does","start":2796.404,"end":2796.532},{"text":"not","start":2796.581,"end":2796.821},{"text":"mention","start":2796.821,"end":2797.174},{"text":"stateless","start":2797.222,"end":2797.767},{"text":"persons","start":2797.767,"end":2798.296},{"text":"and","start":2798.488,"end":2798.552},{"text":"refugees.","start":2798.568,"end":2799.097}]},{"text":"In Article 2, the draft could expand on the idea of diplomatic protection as a right by referring to the countervailing obligation incumbent upon other states to acknowledge the diplomatic protection invoked by the state that decides to exercise it.","start":2800.155,"end":2814.666,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2800.155,"end":2800.204},{"text":"Article","start":2800.236,"end":2800.54},{"text":"2,","start":2800.636,"end":2800.957},{"text":"the","start":2801.133,"end":2801.214},{"text":"draft","start":2801.278,"end":2801.694},{"text":"could","start":2801.759,"end":2801.983},{"text":"expand","start":2802.095,"end":2802.624},{"text":"on","start":2802.736,"end":2802.785},{"text":"the","start":2802.817,"end":2802.961},{"text":"idea","start":2802.977,"end":2803.378},{"text":"of","start":2803.378,"end":2803.426},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2803.522,"end":2804.003},{"text":"protection","start":2804.003,"end":2804.468},{"text":"as","start":2804.58,"end":2804.676},{"text":"a","start":2804.74,"end":2804.756},{"text":"right","start":2804.804,"end":2805.157},{"text":"by","start":2805.542,"end":2805.702},{"text":"referring","start":2805.702,"end":2806.071},{"text":"to","start":2806.167,"end":2806.263},{"text":"the","start":2806.263,"end":2806.424},{"text":"countervailing","start":2806.424,"end":2807.049},{"text":"obligation","start":2807.21,"end":2807.755},{"text":"incumbent","start":2807.867,"end":2808.508},{"text":"upon","start":2808.508,"end":2808.797},{"text":"other","start":2808.893,"end":2809.053},{"text":"states","start":2809.053,"end":2809.47},{"text":"to","start":2809.791,"end":2809.919},{"text":"acknowledge","start":2809.935,"end":2810.4},{"text":"the","start":2810.497,"end":2810.593},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2810.593,"end":2811.138},{"text":"protection","start":2811.138,"end":2811.603},{"text":"invoked","start":2811.715,"end":2812.276},{"text":"by","start":2812.276,"end":2812.357},{"text":"the","start":2812.357,"end":2812.453},{"text":"state","start":2812.453,"end":2812.902},{"text":"that","start":2813.158,"end":2813.335},{"text":"decides","start":2813.335,"end":2813.816},{"text":"to","start":2813.864,"end":2814.024},{"text":"exercise","start":2814.04,"end":2814.569},{"text":"it.","start":2814.601,"end":2814.666}]},{"text":"Article 6 allows for the possibility that two or more states of nationality may jointly exercise diplomatic protection in respect of a dual or multiple national.","start":2815.628,"end":2825.601,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"Article","start":2815.628,"end":2815.868},{"text":"6","start":2815.9,"end":2816.365},{"text":"allows","start":2816.445,"end":2816.734},{"text":"for","start":2816.83,"end":2816.91},{"text":"the","start":2816.91,"end":2817.007},{"text":"possibility","start":2817.007,"end":2817.568},{"text":"that","start":2817.568,"end":2817.792},{"text":"two","start":2817.792,"end":2818.017},{"text":"or","start":2818.273,"end":2818.305},{"text":"more","start":2818.305,"end":2818.562},{"text":"states","start":2818.61,"end":2819.155},{"text":"of","start":2819.235,"end":2819.3},{"text":"nationality","start":2819.332,"end":2819.909},{"text":"may","start":2819.989,"end":2820.085},{"text":"jointly","start":2820.278,"end":2820.743},{"text":"exercise","start":2820.775,"end":2821.304},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2821.753,"end":2822.298},{"text":"protection","start":2822.298,"end":2822.747},{"text":"in","start":2823.18,"end":2823.228},{"text":"respect","start":2823.26,"end":2823.757},{"text":"of","start":2823.805,"end":2823.853},{"text":"a","start":2823.901,"end":2823.982},{"text":"dual","start":2823.982,"end":2824.27},{"text":"or","start":2824.527,"end":2824.559},{"text":"multiple","start":2824.559,"end":2825.136},{"text":"national.","start":2825.168,"end":2825.601}]},{"text":"It fails to account, however, for the possible complications of this situation, such as the possibility that the states states involved may act autonomously or in any way disagree as to the preferred course of action.","start":2826.403,"end":2839.182,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2826.403,"end":2826.515},{"text":"fails","start":2826.547,"end":2826.836},{"text":"to","start":2826.868,"end":2826.996},{"text":"account,","start":2827.028,"end":2827.413},{"text":"however,","start":2827.429,"end":2827.766},{"text":"for","start":2827.814,"end":2828.006},{"text":"the","start":2828.006,"end":2828.151},{"text":"possible","start":2828.151,"end":2829.321},{"text":"complications","start":2829.433,"end":2830.251},{"text":"of","start":2830.7,"end":2830.764},{"text":"this","start":2830.796,"end":2830.957},{"text":"situation,","start":2830.957,"end":2831.486},{"text":"such","start":2831.582,"end":2831.806},{"text":"as","start":2831.983,"end":2832.047},{"text":"the","start":2832.159,"end":2832.32},{"text":"possibility","start":2832.32,"end":2832.961},{"text":"that","start":2832.961,"end":2833.057},{"text":"the","start":2833.057,"end":2833.137},{"text":"states","start":2833.137,"end":2835.158},{"text":"states","start":2833.25,"end":2833.442},{"text":"involved","start":2833.442,"end":2833.971},{"text":"may","start":2834.324,"end":2834.404},{"text":"act","start":2834.548,"end":2834.869},{"text":"autonomously","start":2834.885,"end":2835.575},{"text":"or","start":2836.152,"end":2836.312},{"text":"in","start":2836.312,"end":2836.36},{"text":"any","start":2836.472,"end":2836.617},{"text":"way","start":2836.633,"end":2836.729},{"text":"disagree","start":2836.873,"end":2837.402},{"text":"as","start":2837.595,"end":2837.659},{"text":"to","start":2837.755,"end":2837.867},{"text":"the","start":2837.867,"end":2838.012},{"text":"preferred","start":2838.012,"end":2838.381},{"text":"course","start":2838.493,"end":2838.813},{"text":"of","start":2838.813,"end":2838.894},{"text":"action.","start":2838.894,"end":2839.182}]},{"text":"This article could benefit from more detailed provisions in this regard.","start":2839.84,"end":2843.592,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2839.84,"end":2840.016},{"text":"article","start":2840.08,"end":2840.385},{"text":"could","start":2840.497,"end":2840.641},{"text":"benefit","start":2840.657,"end":2841.122},{"text":"from","start":2841.122,"end":2841.283},{"text":"more","start":2841.299,"end":2841.636},{"text":"detailed","start":2841.78,"end":2842.197},{"text":"provisions","start":2842.245,"end":2842.79},{"text":"in","start":2842.966,"end":2843.015},{"text":"this","start":2843.063,"end":2843.223},{"text":"regard.","start":2843.223,"end":2843.592}]},{"text":"In Article 7, greater clarity is needed as regards the concept of predominant nationality.","start":2844.522,"end":2849.813,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2844.522,"end":2844.714},{"text":"Article","start":2844.746,"end":2845.067},{"text":"7,","start":2845.067,"end":2845.42},{"text":"greater","start":2845.548,"end":2845.933},{"text":"clarity","start":2845.933,"end":2846.398},{"text":"is","start":2846.414,"end":2846.478},{"text":"needed","start":2846.51,"end":2846.799},{"text":"as","start":2846.991,"end":2847.039},{"text":"regards","start":2847.151,"end":2847.536},{"text":"the","start":2847.536,"end":2847.632},{"text":"concept","start":2847.632,"end":2848.178},{"text":"of","start":2848.194,"end":2848.322},{"text":"predominant","start":2848.498,"end":2849.156},{"text":"nationality.","start":2849.156,"end":2849.813}]},{"text":"If it refers to the theory of effective nationality as established by the ICJ, the text could be improved by including language outlining that theory and its application to the article.","start":2850.615,"end":2861.037,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":2850.615,"end":2850.695},{"text":"it","start":2850.695,"end":2850.791},{"text":"refers","start":2850.823,"end":2851.208},{"text":"to","start":2851.304,"end":2851.385},{"text":"the","start":2851.385,"end":2851.465},{"text":"theory","start":2851.465,"end":2851.689},{"text":"of","start":2851.866,"end":2851.946},{"text":"effective","start":2852.138,"end":2852.603},{"text":"nationality","start":2852.603,"end":2853.212},{"text":"as","start":2853.325,"end":2853.453},{"text":"established","start":2853.485,"end":2854.03},{"text":"by","start":2854.03,"end":2854.207},{"text":"the","start":2854.207,"end":2854.351},{"text":"ICJ,","start":2854.367,"end":2854.944},{"text":"the","start":2855.473,"end":2855.57},{"text":"text","start":2855.57,"end":2856.035},{"text":"could","start":2856.035,"end":2856.211},{"text":"be","start":2856.211,"end":2856.355},{"text":"improved","start":2856.355,"end":2856.932},{"text":"by","start":2856.932,"end":2857.093},{"text":"including","start":2857.093,"end":2857.542},{"text":"language","start":2857.574,"end":2857.959},{"text":"outlining","start":2858.119,"end":2858.584},{"text":"that","start":2858.616,"end":2858.728},{"text":"theory","start":2858.857,"end":2859.145},{"text":"and","start":2859.402,"end":2859.546},{"text":"its","start":2859.594,"end":2859.819},{"text":"application","start":2859.819,"end":2860.348},{"text":"to","start":2860.46,"end":2860.508},{"text":"the","start":2860.54,"end":2860.685},{"text":"article.","start":2860.685,"end":2861.037}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, we regret the lack of progress in the discussions on diplomatic protection due to hesitations regarding another product of the ILC, the draft articles on state responsibility.","start":2862.529,"end":2873.208,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":2862.529,"end":2862.721},{"text":"Chair,","start":2862.769,"end":2863.122},{"text":"we","start":2863.266,"end":2863.426},{"text":"regret","start":2863.426,"end":2863.924},{"text":"the","start":2864.052,"end":2864.132},{"text":"lack","start":2864.148,"end":2864.405},{"text":"of","start":2864.405,"end":2864.517},{"text":"progress","start":2864.549,"end":2864.998},{"text":"in","start":2865.19,"end":2865.238},{"text":"the","start":2865.271,"end":2865.351},{"text":"discussions","start":2865.351,"end":2865.96},{"text":"on","start":2865.976,"end":2866.024},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2866.072,"end":2866.634},{"text":"protection","start":2866.634,"end":2867.082},{"text":"due","start":2867.195,"end":2867.435},{"text":"to","start":2867.435,"end":2867.772},{"text":"hesitations","start":2867.82,"end":2868.526},{"text":"regarding","start":2868.622,"end":2869.007},{"text":"another","start":2869.119,"end":2869.52},{"text":"product","start":2869.52,"end":2869.953},{"text":"of","start":2870.001,"end":2870.145},{"text":"the","start":2870.145,"end":2870.225},{"text":"ILC,","start":2870.241,"end":2870.803},{"text":"the","start":2871.187,"end":2871.252},{"text":"draft","start":2871.268,"end":2871.588},{"text":"articles","start":2871.588,"end":2872.005},{"text":"on","start":2872.005,"end":2872.053},{"text":"state","start":2872.15,"end":2872.358},{"text":"responsibility.","start":2872.47,"end":2873.208}]},{"text":"While both are equally important and related topics, disagreement on one should not stall progress on the other.","start":2873.994,"end":2880.424,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":2873.994,"end":2874.122},{"text":"both","start":2874.25,"end":2874.459},{"text":"are","start":2874.635,"end":2874.779},{"text":"equally","start":2874.811,"end":2875.1},{"text":"important","start":2875.132,"end":2875.774},{"text":"and","start":2875.918,"end":2875.998},{"text":"related","start":2876.014,"end":2876.431},{"text":"topics,","start":2876.479,"end":2876.976},{"text":"disagreement","start":2877.377,"end":2878.002},{"text":"on","start":2878.002,"end":2878.067},{"text":"one","start":2878.163,"end":2878.307},{"text":"should","start":2878.419,"end":2878.676},{"text":"not","start":2878.676,"end":2878.884},{"text":"stall","start":2878.884,"end":2879.269},{"text":"progress","start":2879.381,"end":2879.943},{"text":"on","start":2880.023,"end":2880.103},{"text":"the","start":2880.103,"end":2880.247},{"text":"other.","start":2880.247,"end":2880.424}]},{"text":"This is especially true in light of the relevance of diplomatic protection as a means to advance the protection of the human person under international law.","start":2881.386,"end":2889.899,"topics":[{"key":"accountability-international-crimes","label":"Accountability for International Crimes","description":"A central theme was the fight against impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other serious violations of international humanitarian law. Speakers presented universal jurisdiction as an important tool to investigate and prosecute the gravest crimes when other avenues fail."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2881.386,"end":2881.546},{"text":"is","start":2881.546,"end":2881.674},{"text":"especially","start":2881.787,"end":2882.348},{"text":"true","start":2882.348,"end":2882.604},{"text":"in","start":2882.829,"end":2882.877},{"text":"light","start":2882.973,"end":2883.31},{"text":"of","start":2883.31,"end":2883.374},{"text":"the","start":2883.534,"end":2883.615},{"text":"relevance","start":2883.615,"end":2884.112},{"text":"of","start":2884.112,"end":2884.208},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2884.208,"end":2884.737},{"text":"protection","start":2884.737,"end":2885.202},{"text":"as","start":2885.459,"end":2885.523},{"text":"a","start":2885.555,"end":2885.571},{"text":"means","start":2885.571,"end":2886.004},{"text":"to","start":2886.1,"end":2886.212},{"text":"advance","start":2886.212,"end":2886.822},{"text":"the","start":2886.822,"end":2886.982},{"text":"protection","start":2886.982,"end":2887.367},{"text":"of","start":2887.463,"end":2887.527},{"text":"the","start":2887.559,"end":2887.639},{"text":"human","start":2887.639,"end":2887.96},{"text":"person","start":2888.04,"end":2888.489},{"text":"under","start":2888.829,"end":2889.072},{"text":"international","start":2889.153,"end":2889.802},{"text":"law.","start":2889.802,"end":2889.899}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":2890.548,"end":2890.953,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2890.548,"end":2890.58},{"text":"thank","start":2890.629,"end":2890.872},{"text":"you.","start":2890.872,"end":2890.953}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"BRA","affiliation_full":"Brazil","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":27,"start":2896.226,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=2897","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Brazil for her statement.","start":2896.226,"end":2900.279,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2896.226,"end":2896.242},{"text":"thank","start":2896.307,"end":2896.566},{"text":"the","start":2896.566,"end":2896.761},{"text":"distinguished","start":2896.809,"end":2897.442},{"text":"representative","start":2897.782,"end":2898.577},{"text":"of","start":2898.577,"end":2898.723},{"text":"Brazil","start":2899.323,"end":2899.598},{"text":"for","start":2899.647,"end":2899.777},{"text":"her","start":2899.777,"end":2899.825},{"text":"statement.","start":2899.825,"end":2900.279}]},{"text":"I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Mexico.","start":2900.36,"end":2902.955,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2900.36,"end":2900.441},{"text":"give","start":2900.441,"end":2900.555},{"text":"the","start":2900.555,"end":2900.685},{"text":"floor","start":2900.685,"end":2900.879},{"text":"to","start":2900.944,"end":2901.09},{"text":"the","start":2901.09,"end":2901.171},{"text":"distinguished","start":2901.171,"end":2901.674},{"text":"representative","start":2901.674,"end":2902.403},{"text":"of","start":2902.403,"end":2902.436},{"text":"Mexico.","start":2902.436,"end":2902.955}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":28,"start":2908.13,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=2909","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Muchas gracias.","start":2908.13,"end":2908.664,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Muchas","start":2908.13,"end":2908.213},{"text":"gracias.","start":2908.23,"end":2908.664}]},{"text":"Thank you very much, Chairman.","start":2908.997,"end":2910.383,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2908.997,"end":2909.314},{"text":"you","start":2909.314,"end":2909.498},{"text":"very","start":2909.498,"end":2909.632},{"text":"much,","start":2909.682,"end":2909.882},{"text":"Chairman.","start":2909.999,"end":2910.383}]},{"text":"Diplomatic protection is of particular importance both due to its legal dimension in defense of the rights of our nationals, as much as for its profound historic and political significance in the Latin American context.","start":2913.09,"end":2929.866,"topics":[{"key":"accountability-international-crimes","label":"Accountability for International Crimes","description":"A central theme was the fight against impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other serious violations of international humanitarian law. Speakers presented universal jurisdiction as an important tool to investigate and prosecute the gravest crimes when other avenues fail."}],"words":[{"text":"Diplomatic","start":2913.09,"end":2913.438},{"text":"protection","start":2913.438,"end":2914.053},{"text":"is","start":2914.435,"end":2914.751},{"text":"of","start":2914.934,"end":2915.083},{"text":"particular","start":2915.183,"end":2915.765},{"text":"importance","start":2915.781,"end":2918.24},{"text":"both","start":2916.592,"end":2916.804},{"text":"due","start":2917.389,"end":2917.633},{"text":"to","start":2917.633,"end":2917.796},{"text":"its","start":2917.878,"end":2918.122},{"text":"legal","start":2918.122,"end":2918.447},{"text":"dimension","start":2918.447,"end":2919.082},{"text":"in","start":2919.098,"end":2919.163},{"text":"defense","start":2919.196,"end":2919.619},{"text":"of","start":2919.619,"end":2919.716},{"text":"the","start":2919.749,"end":2919.83},{"text":"rights","start":2919.83,"end":2920.319},{"text":"of","start":2920.319,"end":2920.432},{"text":"our","start":2920.432,"end":2920.579},{"text":"nationals,","start":2920.579,"end":2921.572},{"text":"as","start":2923.918,"end":2924.064},{"text":"much","start":2924.161,"end":2924.307},{"text":"as","start":2924.42,"end":2924.55},{"text":"for","start":2924.663,"end":2924.923},{"text":"its","start":2925.214,"end":2925.555},{"text":"profound","start":2925.555,"end":2926.3},{"text":"historic","start":2926.349,"end":2926.851},{"text":"and","start":2926.851,"end":2926.997},{"text":"political","start":2926.997,"end":2927.5},{"text":"significance","start":2927.5,"end":2928.31},{"text":"in","start":2928.31,"end":2928.391},{"text":"the","start":2928.391,"end":2928.472},{"text":"Latin","start":2928.472,"end":2928.715},{"text":"American","start":2928.715,"end":2929.169},{"text":"context.","start":2929.202,"end":2929.866}]},{"text":"Mexico has, over the course of our history, developed a special position on diplomatic protection as a result of the experience that we built up during the 19th and beginning of the 20th century.","start":2931.14,"end":2944.217,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mexico","start":2931.14,"end":2931.495},{"text":"has,","start":2931.722,"end":2932.191},{"text":"over","start":2932.53,"end":2932.725},{"text":"the","start":2932.725,"end":2932.854},{"text":"course","start":2932.854,"end":2932.999},{"text":"of","start":2933.097,"end":2933.177},{"text":"our","start":2933.177,"end":2933.339},{"text":"history,","start":2933.339,"end":2933.889},{"text":"developed","start":2934.083,"end":2934.843},{"text":"a","start":2934.957,"end":2935.005},{"text":"special","start":2935.151,"end":2935.684},{"text":"position","start":2935.927,"end":2936.477},{"text":"on","start":2936.59,"end":2936.687},{"text":"diplomatic","start":2936.752,"end":2937.302},{"text":"protection","start":2937.302,"end":2937.933},{"text":"as","start":2938.434,"end":2938.499},{"text":"a","start":2938.596,"end":2938.612},{"text":"result","start":2938.612,"end":2939.178},{"text":"of","start":2939.243,"end":2939.323},{"text":"the","start":2939.566,"end":2939.841},{"text":"experience","start":2939.906,"end":2940.472},{"text":"that","start":2940.472,"end":2940.784},{"text":"we","start":2940.784,"end":2940.998},{"text":"built","start":2941.031,"end":2941.359},{"text":"up","start":2941.359,"end":2941.556},{"text":"during","start":2941.655,"end":2941.918},{"text":"the","start":2942.033,"end":2942.131},{"text":"19th","start":2942.131,"end":2942.854},{"text":"and","start":2942.854,"end":2942.92},{"text":"beginning","start":2942.936,"end":2943.314},{"text":"of","start":2943.33,"end":2943.413},{"text":"the","start":2943.413,"end":2943.495},{"text":"20th","start":2943.495,"end":2943.872},{"text":"century.","start":2943.872,"end":2944.217}]},{"text":"That experience led my country to taking a staunch position in defense of our domestic jurisdiction and the principle of sovereign equality of states, principles that today enjoy constitutional-level rank.","start":2945.313,"end":2961.345,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction-safeguards","label":"Universal Jurisdiction Safeguards","description":"Statements addressed the conditions and limits for exercising universal jurisdiction, including respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, immunities, and non-interference. Speakers also referred to requirements such as the presence of the accused, consultation with relevant states, and avoiding politicized or selective use."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":2945.313,"end":2945.475},{"text":"experience","start":2945.475,"end":2946.282},{"text":"led","start":2946.282,"end":2946.46},{"text":"my","start":2946.46,"end":2946.621},{"text":"country","start":2946.621,"end":2947.073},{"text":"to","start":2947.267,"end":2947.525},{"text":"taking","start":2947.735,"end":2948.107},{"text":"a","start":2948.3,"end":2948.317},{"text":"staunch","start":2948.397,"end":2949.092},{"text":"position","start":2949.205,"end":2949.818},{"text":"in","start":2950.077,"end":2950.141},{"text":"defense","start":2950.174,"end":2950.771},{"text":"of","start":2950.884,"end":2951.11},{"text":"our","start":2951.369,"end":2951.724},{"text":"domestic","start":2951.772,"end":2952.531},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2952.58,"end":2953.21},{"text":"and","start":2953.876,"end":2954.055},{"text":"the","start":2954.055,"end":2954.136},{"text":"principle","start":2954.136,"end":2954.591},{"text":"of","start":2954.624,"end":2954.754},{"text":"sovereign","start":2954.786,"end":2955.079},{"text":"equality","start":2955.111,"end":2955.664},{"text":"of","start":2955.664,"end":2955.729},{"text":"states,","start":2955.745,"end":2956.249},{"text":"principles","start":2956.802,"end":2957.436},{"text":"that","start":2957.939,"end":2958.313},{"text":"today","start":2958.442,"end":2958.797},{"text":"enjoy","start":2959.232,"end":2959.523},{"text":"constitutional-level","start":2959.652,"end":2960.925},{"text":"rank.","start":2961.038,"end":2961.345}]},{"text":"In line with this, my delegation firmly supports the ILC's recommendation to continue efforts to draft an international convention based on the draft articles adopted in 2006, recognizing the close connection of this topic with the articles on state responsibility for internationally wrongful acts, as is recalled in the Report A/80/280.","start":2964.03,"end":2991.422,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."},{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2964.03,"end":2964.078},{"text":"line","start":2964.078,"end":2964.29},{"text":"with","start":2964.306,"end":2964.485},{"text":"this,","start":2964.485,"end":2964.68},{"text":"my","start":2965.022,"end":2965.152},{"text":"delegation","start":2965.283,"end":2965.966},{"text":"firmly","start":2966.015,"end":2966.422},{"text":"supports","start":2966.422,"end":2967.056},{"text":"the","start":2967.056,"end":2967.187},{"text":"ILC's","start":2967.301,"end":2967.821},{"text":"recommendation","start":2967.87,"end":2968.651},{"text":"to","start":2968.765,"end":2968.814},{"text":"continue","start":2968.863,"end":2969.579},{"text":"efforts","start":2969.66,"end":2971.841},{"text":"to","start":2970.05,"end":2970.098},{"text":"draft","start":2970.147,"end":2970.571},{"text":"an","start":2970.571,"end":2970.702},{"text":"international","start":2970.8,"end":2971.534},{"text":"convention","start":2971.534,"end":2972.251},{"text":"based","start":2972.349,"end":2972.675},{"text":"on","start":2972.757,"end":2972.903},{"text":"the","start":2972.92,"end":2973.018},{"text":"draft","start":2973.018,"end":2973.409},{"text":"articles","start":2973.49,"end":2973.963},{"text":"adopted","start":2974.012,"end":2974.469},{"text":"in","start":2974.469,"end":2974.534},{"text":"2006,","start":2974.567,"end":2975.317},{"text":"recognizing","start":2976.386,"end":2977.159},{"text":"the","start":2977.433,"end":2977.642},{"text":"close","start":2977.674,"end":2977.899},{"text":"connection","start":2978.012,"end":2978.527},{"text":"of","start":2978.559,"end":2978.608},{"text":"this","start":2978.656,"end":2978.881},{"text":"topic","start":2978.881,"end":2979.252},{"text":"with","start":2979.381,"end":2979.606},{"text":"the","start":2979.606,"end":2979.751},{"text":"articles","start":2979.767,"end":2980.314},{"text":"on","start":2980.572,"end":2980.685},{"text":"state","start":2980.749,"end":2981.071},{"text":"responsibility","start":2981.071,"end":2982.005},{"text":"for","start":2982.117,"end":2982.391},{"text":"internationally","start":2982.6,"end":2983.373},{"text":"wrongful","start":2983.405,"end":2983.985},{"text":"acts,","start":2984.371,"end":2984.935},{"text":"as","start":2985.965,"end":2986.013},{"text":"is","start":2986.062,"end":2986.11},{"text":"recalled","start":2986.207,"end":2986.754},{"text":"in","start":2987.012,"end":2987.156},{"text":"the","start":2987.655,"end":2987.784},{"text":"Report","start":2988.154,"end":2988.718},{"text":"A/80/280.","start":2988.863,"end":2991.422}]},{"text":"This is another of the topics where we have seen an unacceptable deadlock for almost two decades.","start":2993.789,"end":3001.667,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2993.789,"end":2994.063},{"text":"is","start":2994.256,"end":2994.32},{"text":"another","start":2994.417,"end":2994.9},{"text":"of","start":2994.98,"end":2995.141},{"text":"the","start":2995.222,"end":2995.431},{"text":"topics","start":2995.463,"end":2995.93},{"text":"where","start":2996.786,"end":2997.124},{"text":"we","start":2998.397,"end":2998.622},{"text":"have","start":2998.622,"end":2998.735},{"text":"seen","start":2998.735,"end":2998.976},{"text":"an","start":2998.976,"end":2999.057},{"text":"unacceptable","start":2999.121,"end":2999.685},{"text":"deadlock","start":2999.685,"end":3000.249},{"text":"for","start":3000.249,"end":3000.604},{"text":"almost","start":3000.636,"end":3000.894},{"text":"two","start":3000.894,"end":3001.119},{"text":"decades.","start":3001.119,"end":3001.667}]},{"text":"Chairman, generally speaking, Mexico maintains that diplomatic protection is a state prerogative, not an individual right.","start":3003.87,"end":3012.647,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chairman,","start":3003.87,"end":3004.111},{"text":"generally","start":3004.384,"end":3004.722},{"text":"speaking,","start":3004.722,"end":3005.316},{"text":"Mexico","start":3005.911,"end":3006.345},{"text":"maintains","start":3006.49,"end":3007.246},{"text":"that","start":3007.422,"end":3007.551},{"text":"diplomatic","start":3007.68,"end":3008.5},{"text":"protection","start":3008.548,"end":3009.175},{"text":"is","start":3009.432,"end":3009.577},{"text":"a","start":3009.754,"end":3009.77},{"text":"state","start":3009.77,"end":3010.236},{"text":"prerogative,","start":3010.236,"end":3010.975},{"text":"not","start":3011.136,"end":3011.393},{"text":"an","start":3011.522,"end":3011.57},{"text":"individual","start":3011.699,"end":3012.278},{"text":"right.","start":3012.342,"end":3012.647}]},{"text":"It falls exclusively to the state to decide whether to exercise it or not in accordance with its sovereign discretion and as noted by the International Court of Justice in the Barcelona Traction case, we reaffirm that international claims can only be brought once local legal resources have been exhausted, in essence where there's been a denial of justice.","start":3014.174,"end":3043.104,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3014.174,"end":3014.287},{"text":"falls","start":3014.496,"end":3014.801},{"text":"exclusively","start":3014.898,"end":3015.557},{"text":"to","start":3015.557,"end":3015.653},{"text":"the","start":3015.717,"end":3015.814},{"text":"state","start":3015.814,"end":3016.424},{"text":"to","start":3016.424,"end":3016.521},{"text":"decide","start":3016.521,"end":3017.292},{"text":"whether","start":3017.55,"end":3017.935},{"text":"to","start":3018.353,"end":3018.514},{"text":"exercise","start":3018.514,"end":3019.044},{"text":"it","start":3019.093,"end":3019.141},{"text":"or","start":3019.318,"end":3019.35},{"text":"not","start":3019.35,"end":3019.896},{"text":"in","start":3020.362,"end":3020.411},{"text":"accordance","start":3020.459,"end":3020.957},{"text":"with","start":3021.005,"end":3021.07},{"text":"its","start":3021.087,"end":3021.208},{"text":"sovereign","start":3021.26,"end":3021.711},{"text":"discretion","start":3021.711,"end":3022.37},{"text":"and","start":3022.702,"end":3022.88},{"text":"as","start":3023.09,"end":3023.236},{"text":"noted","start":3023.511,"end":3023.932},{"text":"by","start":3023.996,"end":3024.158},{"text":"the","start":3024.158,"end":3024.239},{"text":"International","start":3024.239,"end":3024.805},{"text":"Court","start":3024.805,"end":3025.064},{"text":"of","start":3025.064,"end":3025.194},{"text":"Justice","start":3025.21,"end":3025.663},{"text":"in","start":3026.003,"end":3026.067},{"text":"the","start":3026.181,"end":3026.439},{"text":"Barcelona","start":3026.504,"end":3027.232},{"text":"Traction","start":3027.232,"end":3027.685},{"text":"case,","start":3027.782,"end":3028.025},{"text":"we","start":3029.578,"end":3029.821},{"text":"reaffirm","start":3029.821,"end":3030.501},{"text":"that","start":3031.342,"end":3031.65},{"text":"international","start":3031.65,"end":3032.283},{"text":"claims","start":3032.397,"end":3032.949},{"text":"can","start":3033.387,"end":3033.598},{"text":"only","start":3033.615,"end":3033.923},{"text":"be","start":3033.956,"end":3034.167},{"text":"brought","start":3034.183,"end":3034.784},{"text":"once","start":3035.904,"end":3036.343},{"text":"local","start":3037.025,"end":3037.626},{"text":"legal","start":3038.243,"end":3038.698},{"text":"resources","start":3038.746,"end":3039.298},{"text":"have","start":3039.298,"end":3039.493},{"text":"been","start":3039.575,"end":3039.753},{"text":"exhausted,","start":3039.802,"end":3040.655},{"text":"in","start":3041.316,"end":3041.413},{"text":"essence","start":3041.413,"end":3041.751},{"text":"where","start":3041.799,"end":3041.896},{"text":"there's","start":3041.896,"end":3042.025},{"text":"been","start":3042.057,"end":3042.202},{"text":"a","start":3042.202,"end":3042.218},{"text":"denial","start":3042.234,"end":3042.556},{"text":"of","start":3042.556,"end":3042.669},{"text":"justice.","start":3042.701,"end":3043.104}]},{"text":"In our view, mechanisms such as amnesty, pardon, or commutation of sentences handed down by the executive due to their political nature, don't represent adequate measures of redress because they lack the very elements of due process of a juristic— of a judicial proceeding.","start":3044.538,"end":3064.279,"topics":[{"key":"accountability-international-crimes","label":"Accountability for International Crimes","description":"A central theme was the fight against impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other serious violations of international humanitarian law. Speakers presented universal jurisdiction as an important tool to investigate and prosecute the gravest crimes when other avenues fail."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3044.538,"end":3044.634},{"text":"our","start":3044.634,"end":3044.876},{"text":"view,","start":3044.876,"end":3045.278},{"text":"mechanisms","start":3045.601,"end":3046.261},{"text":"such","start":3046.261,"end":3046.535},{"text":"as","start":3046.648,"end":3046.777},{"text":"amnesty,","start":3046.954,"end":3047.501},{"text":"pardon,","start":3047.695,"end":3048.307},{"text":"or","start":3048.484,"end":3048.71},{"text":"commutation","start":3048.71,"end":3049.452},{"text":"of","start":3049.716,"end":3049.865},{"text":"sentences","start":3049.881,"end":3050.525},{"text":"handed","start":3050.558,"end":3050.954},{"text":"down","start":3050.954,"end":3051.135},{"text":"by","start":3051.135,"end":3051.284},{"text":"the","start":3051.3,"end":3051.465},{"text":"executive","start":3051.465,"end":3052.175},{"text":"due","start":3052.713,"end":3052.954},{"text":"to","start":3052.954,"end":3053.051},{"text":"their","start":3053.051,"end":3053.276},{"text":"political","start":3053.276,"end":3053.838},{"text":"nature,","start":3053.838,"end":3054.417},{"text":"don't","start":3054.658,"end":3055.268},{"text":"represent","start":3055.268,"end":3055.879},{"text":"adequate","start":3056.875,"end":3057.453},{"text":"measures","start":3057.518,"end":3057.743},{"text":"of","start":3057.855,"end":3058.016},{"text":"redress","start":3058.016,"end":3058.466},{"text":"because","start":3058.578,"end":3058.948},{"text":"they","start":3058.98,"end":3059.205},{"text":"lack","start":3059.205,"end":3059.398},{"text":"the","start":3059.398,"end":3059.703},{"text":"very","start":3059.703,"end":3059.992},{"text":"elements","start":3060.169,"end":3060.731},{"text":"of","start":3060.731,"end":3060.795},{"text":"due","start":3060.828,"end":3061.133},{"text":"process","start":3061.133,"end":3061.679},{"text":"of","start":3061.857,"end":3061.955},{"text":"a","start":3061.955,"end":3062.036},{"text":"juristic—","start":3062.036,"end":3062.686},{"text":"of","start":3062.686,"end":3062.849},{"text":"a","start":3062.849,"end":3063.011},{"text":"judicial","start":3063.417,"end":3063.808},{"text":"proceeding.","start":3063.808,"end":3064.279}]},{"text":"Turning to the draft articles, Mexico acknowledges the customary nature of many of the articles, and we, generally speaking, believe this is an acceptable outcome of the ILC's work.","start":3065.595,"end":3077.912,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"Turning","start":3065.595,"end":3065.823},{"text":"to","start":3065.856,"end":3065.937},{"text":"the","start":3065.937,"end":3066.018},{"text":"draft","start":3066.018,"end":3066.424},{"text":"articles,","start":3066.489,"end":3066.847},{"text":"Mexico","start":3067.46,"end":3068.007},{"text":"acknowledges","start":3068.297,"end":3068.828},{"text":"the","start":3068.941,"end":3069.134},{"text":"customary","start":3069.166,"end":3069.875},{"text":"nature","start":3069.907,"end":3070.551},{"text":"of","start":3070.696,"end":3070.857},{"text":"many","start":3070.857,"end":3071.083},{"text":"of","start":3071.26,"end":3071.324},{"text":"the","start":3071.421,"end":3071.55},{"text":"articles,","start":3071.678,"end":3072.21},{"text":"and","start":3072.87,"end":3073.305},{"text":"we,","start":3073.434,"end":3073.627},{"text":"generally","start":3074.335,"end":3074.673},{"text":"speaking,","start":3074.673,"end":3075.253},{"text":"believe","start":3075.366,"end":3075.624},{"text":"this","start":3075.624,"end":3075.785},{"text":"is","start":3075.785,"end":3075.865},{"text":"an","start":3075.865,"end":3075.946},{"text":"acceptable","start":3075.946,"end":3076.541},{"text":"outcome","start":3076.574,"end":3076.913},{"text":"of","start":3076.913,"end":3076.998},{"text":"the","start":3076.998,"end":3077.083},{"text":"ILC's","start":3077.083,"end":3077.523},{"text":"work.","start":3077.59,"end":3077.912}]},{"text":"Nonetheless, we underscore that diplomatic protection measures don't represent interference in the internal affairs of the allegedly responsible state, as is made clear in the comments to the draft articles on diplomatic relations and immunities adopted by the ILC at its session in 1958, hence why this principle should be incorporated in the future convention.","start":3078.885,"end":3104.159,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction-safeguards","label":"Universal Jurisdiction Safeguards","description":"Statements addressed the conditions and limits for exercising universal jurisdiction, including respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, immunities, and non-interference. Speakers also referred to requirements such as the presence of the accused, consultation with relevant states, and avoiding politicized or selective use."}],"words":[{"text":"Nonetheless,","start":3078.885,"end":3079.415},{"text":"we","start":3079.608,"end":3079.753},{"text":"underscore","start":3079.753,"end":3080.508},{"text":"that","start":3080.652,"end":3080.974},{"text":"diplomatic","start":3080.974,"end":3081.6},{"text":"protection","start":3081.616,"end":3082.147},{"text":"measures","start":3082.259,"end":3082.709},{"text":"don't","start":3082.902,"end":3083.191},{"text":"represent","start":3083.223,"end":3083.994},{"text":"interference","start":3084.252,"end":3085.039},{"text":"in","start":3085.232,"end":3085.36},{"text":"the","start":3085.473,"end":3085.665},{"text":"internal","start":3085.714,"end":3086.212},{"text":"affairs","start":3086.212,"end":3086.726},{"text":"of","start":3086.903,"end":3087.047},{"text":"the","start":3087.063,"end":3087.192},{"text":"allegedly","start":3087.304,"end":3087.851},{"text":"responsible","start":3087.883,"end":3088.622},{"text":"state,","start":3088.622,"end":3089.232},{"text":"as","start":3089.634,"end":3089.779},{"text":"is","start":3089.811,"end":3089.859},{"text":"made","start":3089.956,"end":3090.1},{"text":"clear","start":3090.277,"end":3090.711},{"text":"in","start":3090.775,"end":3090.823},{"text":"the","start":3090.92,"end":3091.016},{"text":"comments","start":3091.016,"end":3091.61},{"text":"to","start":3091.659,"end":3091.803},{"text":"the","start":3091.803,"end":3091.9},{"text":"draft","start":3091.9,"end":3092.285},{"text":"articles","start":3092.366,"end":3092.912},{"text":"on","start":3093.089,"end":3093.201},{"text":"diplomatic","start":3093.33,"end":3094.133},{"text":"relations","start":3094.133,"end":3094.679},{"text":"and","start":3094.776,"end":3094.952},{"text":"immunities","start":3094.952,"end":3095.563},{"text":"adopted","start":3095.611,"end":3096.029},{"text":"by","start":3096.077,"end":3096.238},{"text":"the","start":3096.238,"end":3096.366},{"text":"ILC","start":3096.463,"end":3096.848},{"text":"at","start":3097.588,"end":3097.684},{"text":"its","start":3097.684,"end":3097.861},{"text":"session","start":3097.861,"end":3098.278},{"text":"in","start":3098.327,"end":3098.375},{"text":"1958,","start":3098.407,"end":3099.596},{"text":"hence","start":3099.853,"end":3100.19},{"text":"why","start":3100.239,"end":3100.415},{"text":"this","start":3100.415,"end":3100.544},{"text":"principle","start":3100.656,"end":3101.171},{"text":"should","start":3101.235,"end":3101.508},{"text":"be","start":3101.621,"end":3101.813},{"text":"incorporated","start":3101.942,"end":3102.826},{"text":"in","start":3102.89,"end":3103.034},{"text":"the","start":3103.211,"end":3103.308},{"text":"future","start":3103.308,"end":3103.629},{"text":"convention.","start":3103.629,"end":3104.159}]},{"text":"We further regret that Article 14 does not include the Calvo Clause.","start":3105.507,"end":3111.185,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3105.507,"end":3105.668},{"text":"further","start":3105.668,"end":3106.215},{"text":"regret","start":3106.215,"end":3106.729},{"text":"that","start":3106.858,"end":3107.115},{"text":"Article","start":3107.18,"end":3107.614},{"text":"14","start":3107.614,"end":3108.29},{"text":"does","start":3108.402,"end":3108.531},{"text":"not","start":3108.627,"end":3108.901},{"text":"include","start":3109.029,"end":3109.657},{"text":"the","start":3109.689,"end":3109.946},{"text":"Calvo","start":3110.171,"end":3110.734},{"text":"Clause.","start":3110.734,"end":3111.185}]},{"text":"No instrument on diplomatic protection can be deemed complete without addressing this principle, which is closely linked to state practice and to respect for national sovereignty.","start":3112.644,"end":3124.273,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"No","start":3112.644,"end":3112.676},{"text":"instrument","start":3112.676,"end":3113.271},{"text":"on","start":3113.335,"end":3113.431},{"text":"diplomatic","start":3113.496,"end":3114.138},{"text":"protection","start":3114.138,"end":3114.749},{"text":"can","start":3114.942,"end":3115.151},{"text":"be","start":3115.263,"end":3115.424},{"text":"deemed","start":3115.424,"end":3115.794},{"text":"complete","start":3115.826,"end":3116.629},{"text":"without","start":3116.629,"end":3117.031},{"text":"addressing","start":3117.031,"end":3117.481},{"text":"this","start":3117.593,"end":3117.722},{"text":"principle,","start":3117.899,"end":3118.59},{"text":"which","start":3119.104,"end":3119.361},{"text":"is","start":3119.361,"end":3119.49},{"text":"closely","start":3119.666,"end":3120.132},{"text":"linked","start":3120.149,"end":3120.486},{"text":"to","start":3120.486,"end":3120.663},{"text":"state","start":3120.663,"end":3121},{"text":"practice","start":3121.193,"end":3121.74},{"text":"and","start":3121.919,"end":3122.164},{"text":"to","start":3122.164,"end":3122.41},{"text":"respect","start":3122.426,"end":3122.851},{"text":"for","start":3122.965,"end":3123.031},{"text":"national","start":3123.031,"end":3123.505},{"text":"sovereignty.","start":3123.505,"end":3124.273}]},{"text":"Turning to the concept of national— nationality, Mexico maintains its preference for the term effective nationality, which more precisely reflects the link between the person and the state exercising the protection, as was stated by the International Court of Justice in the Notenbaum case.","start":3126.613,"end":3145.416,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"Turning","start":3126.613,"end":3126.744},{"text":"to","start":3126.744,"end":3126.939},{"text":"the","start":3126.939,"end":3127.134},{"text":"concept","start":3127.167,"end":3127.59},{"text":"of","start":3127.59,"end":3127.72},{"text":"national—","start":3127.736,"end":3128.501},{"text":"nationality,","start":3128.957,"end":3129.624},{"text":"Mexico","start":3129.64,"end":3130.08},{"text":"maintains","start":3130.556,"end":3130.974},{"text":"its","start":3130.99,"end":3131.086},{"text":"preference","start":3131.134,"end":3131.697},{"text":"for","start":3131.697,"end":3131.793},{"text":"the","start":3131.793,"end":3131.922},{"text":"term","start":3131.922,"end":3132.259},{"text":"effective","start":3132.356,"end":3132.886},{"text":"nationality,","start":3132.982,"end":3133.673},{"text":"which","start":3134.171,"end":3134.316},{"text":"more","start":3134.444,"end":3134.669},{"text":"precisely","start":3134.669,"end":3135.36},{"text":"reflects","start":3135.537,"end":3136.164},{"text":"the","start":3136.421,"end":3136.549},{"text":"link","start":3136.919,"end":3137.24},{"text":"between","start":3137.24,"end":3137.61},{"text":"the","start":3137.722,"end":3137.802},{"text":"person","start":3137.802,"end":3138.413},{"text":"and","start":3138.59,"end":3138.686},{"text":"the","start":3138.767,"end":3138.863},{"text":"state","start":3138.863,"end":3139.233},{"text":"exercising","start":3139.393,"end":3139.94},{"text":"the","start":3140.053,"end":3140.133},{"text":"protection,","start":3140.133,"end":3140.828},{"text":"as","start":3141.329,"end":3141.474},{"text":"was","start":3141.587,"end":3141.717},{"text":"stated","start":3141.733,"end":3142.153},{"text":"by","start":3142.153,"end":3142.298},{"text":"the","start":3142.298,"end":3142.363},{"text":"International","start":3142.379,"end":3142.799},{"text":"Court","start":3142.799,"end":3143.025},{"text":"of","start":3143.025,"end":3143.106},{"text":"Justice","start":3143.106,"end":3143.558},{"text":"in","start":3143.768,"end":3143.898},{"text":"the","start":3143.995,"end":3144.205},{"text":"Notenbaum","start":3144.512,"end":3145.142},{"text":"case.","start":3145.142,"end":3145.416}]},{"text":"Thus, we believe that the principle of predominant nationality in the terms of draft Article 7 does not enjoy sufficient grounds in state practice and could generate disputes.","start":3147.633,"end":3158.426,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"Thus,","start":3147.633,"end":3147.89},{"text":"we","start":3147.955,"end":3148.115},{"text":"believe","start":3148.115,"end":3148.565},{"text":"that","start":3148.582,"end":3148.791},{"text":"the","start":3148.839,"end":3148.919},{"text":"principle","start":3148.999,"end":3149.482},{"text":"of","start":3149.482,"end":3149.562},{"text":"predominant","start":3149.562,"end":3150.077},{"text":"nationality","start":3150.125,"end":3150.848},{"text":"in","start":3150.848,"end":3150.928},{"text":"the","start":3150.928,"end":3151.009},{"text":"terms","start":3151.009,"end":3151.491},{"text":"of","start":3151.571,"end":3151.7},{"text":"draft","start":3151.732,"end":3152.038},{"text":"Article","start":3152.038,"end":3152.311},{"text":"7","start":3152.311,"end":3152.825},{"text":"does","start":3153.404,"end":3153.549},{"text":"not","start":3153.565,"end":3153.725},{"text":"enjoy","start":3153.725,"end":3154.095},{"text":"sufficient","start":3154.24,"end":3154.931},{"text":"grounds","start":3154.947,"end":3155.397},{"text":"in","start":3155.429,"end":3155.478},{"text":"state","start":3155.526,"end":3155.912},{"text":"practice","start":3155.99,"end":3156.454},{"text":"and","start":3156.663,"end":3156.935},{"text":"could","start":3156.967,"end":3157.192},{"text":"generate","start":3157.224,"end":3157.801},{"text":"disputes.","start":3157.801,"end":3158.426}]},{"text":"Therefore, its recognition should be governed by bilateral agreements or lex specialis norms.","start":3159.291,"end":3166.248,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":3159.291,"end":3159.885},{"text":"its","start":3160.43,"end":3160.606},{"text":"recognition","start":3160.654,"end":3161.279},{"text":"should","start":3161.391,"end":3161.6},{"text":"be","start":3161.616,"end":3161.776},{"text":"governed","start":3161.776,"end":3162.129},{"text":"by","start":3162.193,"end":3162.433},{"text":"bilateral","start":3162.433,"end":3163.154},{"text":"agreements","start":3163.154,"end":3163.812},{"text":"or","start":3164.1,"end":3164.293},{"text":"lex","start":3164.998,"end":3165.222},{"text":"specialis","start":3165.222,"end":3165.847},{"text":"norms.","start":3165.96,"end":3166.248}]},{"text":"Furthermore, we view positively Article 8 on stateless persons and refugees as a good example of progressive development.","start":3167.402,"end":3178.222,"topics":[{"key":"stateless-refugee-protection","label":"Protection of Stateless Persons and Refugees","description":"Several delegations highlighted the draft articles' treatment of stateless persons and refugees as an important issue in its own right. Some welcomed these provisions as progressive development that protects vulnerable people, while others questioned whether they reflect customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":3167.402,"end":3168.22},{"text":"we","start":3169.23,"end":3169.422},{"text":"view","start":3169.887,"end":3170.095},{"text":"positively","start":3170.127,"end":3170.977},{"text":"Article","start":3171.233,"end":3171.602},{"text":"8","start":3171.874,"end":3172.211},{"text":"on","start":3172.435,"end":3172.74},{"text":"stateless","start":3172.788,"end":3173.638},{"text":"persons","start":3173.638,"end":3174.199},{"text":"and","start":3174.279,"end":3174.375},{"text":"refugees","start":3174.375,"end":3175.144},{"text":"as","start":3175.256,"end":3175.385},{"text":"a","start":3175.417,"end":3175.497},{"text":"good","start":3175.497,"end":3175.673},{"text":"example","start":3175.721,"end":3176.33},{"text":"of","start":3176.603,"end":3176.715},{"text":"progressive","start":3176.843,"end":3177.388},{"text":"development.","start":3177.42,"end":3178.222}]},{"text":"My delegation underscores that diplomatic protection can only be exercised in a context of a peaceful settlement of disputes.","start":3179.504,"end":3187.732,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction-safeguards","label":"Universal Jurisdiction Safeguards","description":"Statements addressed the conditions and limits for exercising universal jurisdiction, including respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, immunities, and non-interference. Speakers also referred to requirements such as the presence of the accused, consultation with relevant states, and avoiding politicized or selective use."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":3179.504,"end":3179.616},{"text":"delegation","start":3179.68,"end":3180.306},{"text":"underscores","start":3180.306,"end":3180.915},{"text":"that","start":3181.011,"end":3181.139},{"text":"diplomatic","start":3181.251,"end":3181.828},{"text":"protection","start":3181.828,"end":3182.357},{"text":"can","start":3182.55,"end":3182.838},{"text":"only","start":3182.934,"end":3183.175},{"text":"be","start":3183.175,"end":3183.351},{"text":"exercised","start":3183.56,"end":3184.126},{"text":"in","start":3184.304,"end":3184.449},{"text":"a","start":3184.708,"end":3184.756},{"text":"context","start":3184.87,"end":3185.711},{"text":"of","start":3185.775,"end":3185.921},{"text":"a","start":3185.921,"end":3186.083},{"text":"peaceful","start":3186.18,"end":3186.552},{"text":"settlement","start":3186.568,"end":3187.069},{"text":"of","start":3187.069,"end":3187.134},{"text":"disputes.","start":3187.15,"end":3187.732}]},{"text":"Consequently, the threat or use of force, as well as economic reprisals or sanctions, should not be and must not be considered lawful means of diplomatic protection.","start":3188.185,"end":3200.287,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction-safeguards","label":"Universal Jurisdiction Safeguards","description":"Statements addressed the conditions and limits for exercising universal jurisdiction, including respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, immunities, and non-interference. Speakers also referred to requirements such as the presence of the accused, consultation with relevant states, and avoiding politicized or selective use."}],"words":[{"text":"Consequently,","start":3188.185,"end":3188.994},{"text":"the","start":3189.01,"end":3189.091},{"text":"threat","start":3189.172,"end":3189.803},{"text":"or","start":3189.803,"end":3189.997},{"text":"use","start":3190.045,"end":3190.256},{"text":"of","start":3190.385,"end":3190.53},{"text":"force,","start":3190.547,"end":3191.113},{"text":"as","start":3191.258,"end":3191.323},{"text":"well","start":3191.436,"end":3191.711},{"text":"as","start":3192.067,"end":3192.293},{"text":"economic","start":3192.86,"end":3193.005},{"text":"reprisals","start":3193.005,"end":3193.667},{"text":"or","start":3193.844,"end":3193.877},{"text":"sanctions,","start":3193.877,"end":3194.555},{"text":"should","start":3194.975,"end":3195.201},{"text":"not","start":3195.395,"end":3195.734},{"text":"be","start":3195.879,"end":3196.121},{"text":"and","start":3196.347,"end":3196.444},{"text":"must","start":3196.444,"end":3196.622},{"text":"not","start":3196.67,"end":3196.735},{"text":"be","start":3196.848,"end":3197.074},{"text":"considered","start":3197.074,"end":3197.881},{"text":"lawful","start":3198.204,"end":3198.721},{"text":"means","start":3198.721,"end":3199.125},{"text":"of","start":3199.125,"end":3199.205},{"text":"diplomatic","start":3199.205,"end":3199.754},{"text":"protection.","start":3199.754,"end":3200.287}]},{"text":"Chairman, diplomatic protection and the international responsible— responsibility of the state are closely interconnected matters.","start":3202,"end":3211.56,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"Chairman,","start":3202,"end":3202.403},{"text":"diplomatic","start":3203.952,"end":3204.452},{"text":"protection","start":3204.452,"end":3205.033},{"text":"and","start":3205.324,"end":3205.953},{"text":"the","start":3206.292,"end":3206.389},{"text":"international","start":3206.389,"end":3206.873},{"text":"responsible—","start":3206.873,"end":3207.664},{"text":"responsibility","start":3207.664,"end":3208.487},{"text":"of","start":3208.487,"end":3208.568},{"text":"the","start":3208.568,"end":3208.648},{"text":"state","start":3208.648,"end":3209.132},{"text":"are","start":3209.407,"end":3209.599},{"text":"closely","start":3209.68,"end":3210.29},{"text":"interconnected","start":3210.306,"end":3211.11},{"text":"matters.","start":3211.11,"end":3211.56}]},{"text":"The first represents a procedural mechanism to enforce the second.","start":3212.074,"end":3216.493,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3212.074,"end":3212.122},{"text":"first","start":3212.154,"end":3212.508},{"text":"represents","start":3212.54,"end":3213.375},{"text":"a","start":3213.504,"end":3213.552},{"text":"procedural","start":3213.745,"end":3214.42},{"text":"mechanism","start":3214.42,"end":3215.095},{"text":"to","start":3215.207,"end":3215.368},{"text":"enforce","start":3215.368,"end":3215.834},{"text":"the","start":3215.834,"end":3215.914},{"text":"second.","start":3215.914,"end":3216.493}]},{"text":"Consequently, we reiterate that the codification of the state responsibility for internationally wrongful acts represents a fundamental step forward.","start":3217.055,"end":3228.19,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"Consequently,","start":3217.055,"end":3217.987},{"text":"we","start":3218.501,"end":3218.726},{"text":"reiterate","start":3218.726,"end":3219.626},{"text":"that","start":3219.626,"end":3220.14},{"text":"the","start":3220.253,"end":3220.349},{"text":"codification","start":3220.349,"end":3221.201},{"text":"of","start":3221.458,"end":3221.602},{"text":"the","start":3221.779,"end":3221.972},{"text":"state","start":3222.133,"end":3222.502},{"text":"responsibility","start":3222.502,"end":3223.209},{"text":"for","start":3223.241,"end":3223.386},{"text":"internationally","start":3223.386,"end":3223.964},{"text":"wrongful","start":3223.964,"end":3224.478},{"text":"acts","start":3224.511,"end":3224.848},{"text":"represents","start":3224.848,"end":3225.555},{"text":"a","start":3226.037,"end":3226.085},{"text":"fundamental","start":3226.439,"end":3227.258},{"text":"step","start":3227.258,"end":3227.515},{"text":"forward.","start":3227.66,"end":3228.19}]},{"text":"Hence, my delegation categorically supports its codification, particularly in light of the current context and jurisprudential progress.","start":3229.331,"end":3238.394,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"Hence,","start":3229.331,"end":3229.604},{"text":"my","start":3229.668,"end":3229.829},{"text":"delegation","start":3229.829,"end":3230.359},{"text":"categorically","start":3230.472,"end":3231.275},{"text":"supports","start":3231.275,"end":3231.773},{"text":"its","start":3231.838,"end":3231.95},{"text":"codification,","start":3231.998,"end":3232.77},{"text":"particularly","start":3232.882,"end":3233.493},{"text":"in","start":3233.766,"end":3233.894},{"text":"light","start":3234.007,"end":3234.409},{"text":"of","start":3234.409,"end":3234.537},{"text":"the","start":3234.569,"end":3234.73},{"text":"current","start":3234.73,"end":3235.067},{"text":"context","start":3235.1,"end":3235.871},{"text":"and","start":3235.919,"end":3236.144},{"text":"jurisprudential","start":3236.176,"end":3237.944},{"text":"progress.","start":3237.944,"end":3238.394}]},{"text":"Finally, on the consideration of the topic in the Sixth Committee and in light of the UN80 initiative, Mexico believes it's necessary to review the methods of work and to look closely at procedural options for the future of this and other ILC products and recommendations that remain on the Sixth Committee's agenda.","start":3239.214,"end":3259.767,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":3239.214,"end":3239.76},{"text":"on","start":3240.258,"end":3240.403},{"text":"the","start":3240.821,"end":3241.062},{"text":"consideration","start":3241.062,"end":3241.737},{"text":"of","start":3241.785,"end":3241.833},{"text":"the","start":3241.865,"end":3241.946},{"text":"topic","start":3241.946,"end":3242.235},{"text":"in","start":3242.299,"end":3242.364},{"text":"the","start":3242.364,"end":3242.444},{"text":"Sixth","start":3242.444,"end":3242.733},{"text":"Committee","start":3242.765,"end":3243.247},{"text":"and","start":3243.247,"end":3243.488},{"text":"in","start":3243.488,"end":3243.537},{"text":"light","start":3243.649,"end":3243.971},{"text":"of","start":3243.971,"end":3244.083},{"text":"the","start":3244.18,"end":3244.26},{"text":"UN80","start":3244.277,"end":3244.939},{"text":"initiative,","start":3244.939,"end":3245.489},{"text":"Mexico","start":3245.99,"end":3246.556},{"text":"believes","start":3246.556,"end":3246.977},{"text":"it's","start":3246.977,"end":3247.187},{"text":"necessary","start":3247.187,"end":3247.769},{"text":"to","start":3247.769,"end":3247.931},{"text":"review","start":3247.931,"end":3248.416},{"text":"the","start":3248.416,"end":3248.578},{"text":"methods","start":3248.578,"end":3248.949},{"text":"of","start":3249.063,"end":3249.127},{"text":"work","start":3249.289,"end":3249.774},{"text":"and","start":3249.774,"end":3250},{"text":"to","start":3250.033,"end":3250.259},{"text":"look","start":3250.259,"end":3250.421},{"text":"closely","start":3250.421,"end":3250.971},{"text":"at","start":3251.003,"end":3251.068},{"text":"procedural","start":3251.246,"end":3251.957},{"text":"options","start":3252.119,"end":3252.588},{"text":"for","start":3252.701,"end":3252.798},{"text":"the","start":3252.798,"end":3252.943},{"text":"future","start":3252.943,"end":3253.348},{"text":"of","start":3253.348,"end":3253.477},{"text":"this","start":3253.509,"end":3253.817},{"text":"and","start":3253.817,"end":3254.045},{"text":"other","start":3254.142,"end":3254.451},{"text":"ILC","start":3254.711,"end":3255.199},{"text":"products","start":3255.443,"end":3256.109},{"text":"and","start":3256.109,"end":3256.174},{"text":"recommendations","start":3256.256,"end":3257.215},{"text":"that","start":3257.328,"end":3257.442},{"text":"remain","start":3257.491,"end":3257.832},{"text":"on","start":3257.832,"end":3257.946},{"text":"the","start":3257.979,"end":3258.223},{"text":"Sixth","start":3258.401,"end":3258.759},{"text":"Committee's","start":3258.792,"end":3259.198},{"text":"agenda.","start":3259.198,"end":3259.767}]},{"text":"We need together to forge a strategy that efficiently manages the workload of the Sixth Committee and enables concrete progress.","start":3261.695,"end":3271.817,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3261.695,"end":3261.889},{"text":"need","start":3261.889,"end":3262.309},{"text":"together","start":3262.358,"end":3262.826},{"text":"to","start":3263.004,"end":3263.101},{"text":"forge","start":3263.149,"end":3263.618},{"text":"a","start":3263.795,"end":3263.812},{"text":"strategy","start":3263.812,"end":3264.587},{"text":"that","start":3264.959,"end":3265.395},{"text":"efficiently","start":3265.492,"end":3266.284},{"text":"manages","start":3266.316,"end":3266.93},{"text":"the","start":3267.14,"end":3267.366},{"text":"workload","start":3267.512,"end":3268.061},{"text":"of","start":3268.109,"end":3268.174},{"text":"the","start":3268.174,"end":3268.271},{"text":"Sixth","start":3268.271,"end":3268.578},{"text":"Committee","start":3268.594,"end":3269.03},{"text":"and","start":3269.288,"end":3269.594},{"text":"enables","start":3269.771,"end":3270.319},{"text":"concrete","start":3270.754,"end":3271.156},{"text":"progress.","start":3271.156,"end":3271.817}]},{"text":"Mexico reiterates its commitment to a serious consideration of this topic and to the codification and progressive development of international law.","start":3272.992,"end":3282.707,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"Mexico","start":3272.992,"end":3273.572},{"text":"reiterates","start":3273.572,"end":3274.313},{"text":"its","start":3274.313,"end":3274.426},{"text":"commitment","start":3274.458,"end":3274.974},{"text":"to","start":3275.119,"end":3275.425},{"text":"a","start":3275.811,"end":3275.94},{"text":"serious","start":3276.407,"end":3277.696},{"text":"consideration","start":3278.067,"end":3278.748},{"text":"of","start":3278.748,"end":3278.829},{"text":"this","start":3278.878,"end":3279.008},{"text":"topic","start":3279.057,"end":3279.576},{"text":"and","start":3279.689,"end":3279.819},{"text":"to","start":3279.868,"end":3280.03},{"text":"the","start":3280.095,"end":3280.257},{"text":"codification","start":3280.257,"end":3280.841},{"text":"and","start":3280.841,"end":3280.906},{"text":"progressive","start":3280.906,"end":3281.312},{"text":"development","start":3281.312,"end":3281.912},{"text":"of","start":3281.912,"end":3281.993},{"text":"international","start":3281.993,"end":3282.545},{"text":"law.","start":3282.545,"end":3282.707}]},{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":3283.34,"end":3284.054,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3283.34,"end":3283.583},{"text":"you","start":3283.583,"end":3283.616},{"text":"very","start":3283.616,"end":3283.778},{"text":"much.","start":3283.778,"end":3284.054}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"MEX","affiliation_full":"Mexico","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":29,"start":3285.85,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=3286","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Mexico for his statement.","start":3285.85,"end":3288.764,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3285.85,"end":3285.883},{"text":"thank","start":3285.915,"end":3286.161},{"text":"the","start":3286.161,"end":3286.325},{"text":"distinguished","start":3286.325,"end":3286.832},{"text":"representative","start":3286.881,"end":3287.569},{"text":"of","start":3287.569,"end":3287.634},{"text":"Mexico","start":3287.634,"end":3288.207},{"text":"for","start":3288.207,"end":3288.355},{"text":"his","start":3288.355,"end":3288.437},{"text":"statement.","start":3288.437,"end":3288.764}]},{"text":"I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Philippines.","start":3291.111,"end":3294.102,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3291.111,"end":3291.16},{"text":"give","start":3291.29,"end":3291.452},{"text":"the","start":3291.452,"end":3291.534},{"text":"floor","start":3291.534,"end":3291.875},{"text":"to","start":3291.875,"end":3291.989},{"text":"the","start":3292.005,"end":3292.103},{"text":"distinguished","start":3292.103,"end":3292.59},{"text":"representative","start":3292.59,"end":3293.256},{"text":"of","start":3293.256,"end":3293.37},{"text":"the","start":3293.387,"end":3293.582},{"text":"Philippines.","start":3293.582,"end":3294.102}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":30,"start":3296.6,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=3297","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. Chair, we thank the Secretary-General for his report on diplomatic protection containing comments and information received from governments as set out in A/80/100.","start":3296.6,"end":3308.323,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. 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it is a prerogative that must be exercised with prudence and responsibility.","start":3336.798,"end":3341.48,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-safeguards","label":"diplomatic-protection-safeguards","description":""}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":3336.798,"end":3337.199},{"text":"it","start":3337.455,"end":3337.551},{"text":"is","start":3337.551,"end":3337.664},{"text":"a","start":3337.696,"end":3337.712},{"text":"prerogative","start":3337.776,"end":3338.385},{"text":"that","start":3338.417,"end":3338.642},{"text":"must","start":3338.642,"end":3338.898},{"text":"be","start":3338.898,"end":3339.043},{"text":"exercised","start":3339.123,"end":3339.828},{"text":"with","start":3339.844,"end":3339.989},{"text":"prudence","start":3340.021,"end":3340.374},{"text":"and","start":3340.566,"end":3340.646},{"text":"responsibility.","start":3340.678,"end":3341.48}]},{"text":"The misuse of diplomatic protection in the past particularly when invoked as a pretext for intervention, reminds us of the delicate balance this matter 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protection must be exercised through peaceful means, including consular assistance, bilateral negotiation, or any other forms of dispute 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customary international law, two fundamental conditions must be met: the exhaustion of local remedies, and effective and continuous nationality.","start":3364.781,"end":3374.413,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"Under","start":3364.781,"end":3364.941},{"text":"customary","start":3365.005,"end":3365.55},{"text":"international","start":3365.662,"end":3366.367},{"text":"law,","start":3366.367,"end":3366.463},{"text":"two","start":3367.008,"end":3367.12},{"text":"fundamental","start":3367.12,"end":3367.793},{"text":"conditions","start":3367.825,"end":3368.354},{"text":"must","start":3368.546,"end":3368.739},{"text":"be","start":3368.787,"end":3368.883},{"text":"met:","start":3368.883,"end":3369.107},{"text":"the","start":3370.069,"end":3370.117},{"text":"exhaustion","start":3370.133,"end":3370.758},{"text":"of","start":3370.87,"end":3371.014},{"text":"local","start":3371.03,"end":3371.351},{"text":"remedies,","start":3371.351,"end":3371.799},{"text":"and","start":3372.296,"end":3372.457},{"text":"effective","start":3372.457,"end":3372.922},{"text":"and","start":3373.018,"end":3373.098},{"text":"continuous","start":3373.178,"end":3373.691},{"text":"nationality.","start":3373.772,"end":3374.413}]},{"text":"The Philippines supports the codification of these principles in the International Law Commission draft articles.","start":3375.503,"end":3381.982,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3375.503,"end":3375.568},{"text":"Philippines","start":3375.584,"end":3376.049},{"text":"supports","start":3376.305,"end":3376.738},{"text":"the","start":3376.738,"end":3376.882},{"text":"codification","start":3376.882,"end":3377.652},{"text":"of","start":3377.845,"end":3377.973},{"text":"these","start":3377.989,"end":3378.101},{"text":"principles","start":3378.165,"end":3378.694},{"text":"in","start":3379.127,"end":3379.176},{"text":"the","start":3379.272,"end":3379.368},{"text":"International","start":3379.368,"end":3380.074},{"text":"Law","start":3380.074,"end":3380.17},{"text":"Commission","start":3380.394,"end":3380.859},{"text":"draft","start":3381.196,"end":3381.421},{"text":"articles.","start":3381.517,"end":3381.982}]},{"text":"We stress the exceptions to the rule of exhaustion of local remedies must be interpreted stricto sensu juris to safeguard judicial independence and uphold the rule of law.","start":3383.12,"end":3393.912,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3383.12,"end":3383.201},{"text":"stress","start":3383.201,"end":3383.489},{"text":"the","start":3383.634,"end":3383.762},{"text":"exceptions","start":3383.762,"end":3384.307},{"text":"to","start":3384.339,"end":3384.499},{"text":"the","start":3384.499,"end":3384.58},{"text":"rule","start":3384.58,"end":3384.836},{"text":"of","start":3384.9,"end":3385.061},{"text":"exhaustion","start":3385.061,"end":3385.67},{"text":"of","start":3385.943,"end":3386.071},{"text":"local","start":3386.103,"end":3386.44},{"text":"remedies","start":3386.44,"end":3386.953},{"text":"must","start":3387.29,"end":3387.53},{"text":"be","start":3387.53,"end":3387.626},{"text":"interpreted","start":3387.626,"end":3388.236},{"text":"stricto","start":3388.364,"end":3388.845},{"text":"sensu","start":3389.551,"end":3390.577},{"text":"juris","start":3390.577,"end":3390.914},{"text":"to","start":3390.914,"end":3391.01},{"text":"safeguard","start":3391.01,"end":3391.555},{"text":"judicial","start":3391.555,"end":3392.02},{"text":"independence","start":3392.036,"end":3392.726},{"text":"and","start":3392.918,"end":3392.982},{"text":"uphold","start":3392.998,"end":3393.399},{"text":"the","start":3393.399,"end":3393.463},{"text":"rule","start":3393.463,"end":3393.656},{"text":"of","start":3393.656,"end":3393.768},{"text":"law.","start":3393.864,"end":3393.912}]},{"text":"On the question of nationality, the Noteboom case reminds us of the need for a genuine and effective link between the individual and the state exercising protection.","start":3395.388,"end":3405.163,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":3395.388,"end":3395.436},{"text":"the","start":3395.468,"end":3395.516},{"text":"question","start":3395.564,"end":3395.933},{"text":"of","start":3395.981,"end":3396.141},{"text":"nationality,","start":3396.141,"end":3396.815},{"text":"the","start":3397.168,"end":3397.248},{"text":"Noteboom","start":3397.248,"end":3397.777},{"text":"case","start":3397.889,"end":3398.242},{"text":"reminds","start":3398.274,"end":3398.691},{"text":"us","start":3398.691,"end":3398.739},{"text":"of","start":3399.108,"end":3399.189},{"text":"the","start":3399.237,"end":3399.333},{"text":"need","start":3399.333,"end":3399.654},{"text":"for","start":3399.654,"end":3399.799},{"text":"a","start":3399.815,"end":3399.959},{"text":"genuine","start":3399.959,"end":3400.345},{"text":"and","start":3400.457,"end":3400.618},{"text":"effective","start":3400.618,"end":3401.035},{"text":"link","start":3401.084,"end":3401.405},{"text":"between","start":3401.662,"end":3401.951},{"text":"the","start":3401.983,"end":3402.047},{"text":"individual","start":3402.063,"end":3402.738},{"text":"and","start":3403.348,"end":3403.412},{"text":"the","start":3403.444,"end":3403.525},{"text":"state","start":3403.525,"end":3403.926},{"text":"exercising","start":3404.055,"end":3404.681},{"text":"protection.","start":3404.713,"end":3405.163}]},{"text":"For the Philippines, this issue bears special relevance.","start":3406.544,"end":3409.371,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":3406.544,"end":3406.656},{"text":"the","start":3406.656,"end":3406.785},{"text":"Philippines,","start":3406.785,"end":3407.251},{"text":"this","start":3407.443,"end":3407.572},{"text":"issue","start":3407.748,"end":3407.973},{"text":"bears","start":3408.005,"end":3408.295},{"text":"special","start":3408.503,"end":3408.905},{"text":"relevance.","start":3408.905,"end":3409.371}]},{"text":"Our Dual Citizenship Law of 2003 affects nearly 10 million Filipinos overseas, many of whom now hold more than one nationality.","start":3410.013,"end":3418.203,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":3410.013,"end":3410.157},{"text":"Dual","start":3410.157,"end":3410.463},{"text":"Citizenship","start":3410.479,"end":3411.137},{"text":"Law","start":3411.137,"end":3411.298},{"text":"of","start":3411.298,"end":3411.426},{"text":"2003","start":3411.458,"end":3412.326},{"text":"affects","start":3412.583,"end":3412.968},{"text":"nearly","start":3412.968,"end":3413.193},{"text":"10","start":3413.289,"end":3413.434},{"text":"million","start":3413.466,"end":3413.739},{"text":"Filipinos","start":3413.787,"end":3414.285},{"text":"overseas,","start":3414.494,"end":3414.879},{"text":"many","start":3415.875,"end":3416.084},{"text":"of","start":3416.116,"end":3416.212},{"text":"whom","start":3416.276,"end":3416.485},{"text":"now","start":3416.581,"end":3416.63},{"text":"hold","start":3416.742,"end":3416.999},{"text":"more","start":3416.999,"end":3417.111},{"text":"than","start":3417.224,"end":3417.368},{"text":"one","start":3417.4,"end":3417.529},{"text":"nationality.","start":3417.625,"end":3418.203}]},{"text":"We therefore attach particular interest to the practical application of the concept of predominant nationality.","start":3419.006,"end":3425.559,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3419.006,"end":3419.151},{"text":"therefore","start":3419.167,"end":3419.553},{"text":"attach","start":3419.553,"end":3419.842},{"text":"particular","start":3420.532,"end":3421.078},{"text":"interest","start":3421.094,"end":3421.512},{"text":"to","start":3421.656,"end":3421.753},{"text":"the","start":3421.753,"end":3421.897},{"text":"practical","start":3421.897,"end":3422.395},{"text":"application","start":3422.524,"end":3423.07},{"text":"of","start":3423.262,"end":3423.359},{"text":"the","start":3423.359,"end":3423.503},{"text":"concept","start":3423.503,"end":3423.953},{"text":"of","start":3424.065,"end":3424.194},{"text":"predominant","start":3424.306,"end":3424.884},{"text":"nationality.","start":3424.949,"end":3425.559}]},{"text":"Under draft Article 7.","start":3426.298,"end":3427.534,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Under","start":3426.298,"end":3426.474},{"text":"draft","start":3426.539,"end":3426.86},{"text":"Article","start":3426.86,"end":3427.197},{"text":"7.","start":3427.197,"end":3427.534}]},{"text":"The Philippines also welcomes further elaboration on direct injury to shareholders under draft Article 12, and in order to better define the capacity of the state of nationality to exercise protection on behalf of judicial— juridical persons.","start":3428.963,"end":3446.757,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3428.963,"end":3429.044},{"text":"Philippines","start":3429.044,"end":3429.574},{"text":"also","start":3429.911,"end":3430.088},{"text":"welcomes","start":3430.088,"end":3430.537},{"text":"further","start":3430.569,"end":3430.939},{"text":"elaboration","start":3430.955,"end":3431.581},{"text":"on","start":3432.079,"end":3432.175},{"text":"direct","start":3432.175,"end":3432.561},{"text":"injury","start":3432.641,"end":3432.946},{"text":"to","start":3433.235,"end":3433.364},{"text":"shareholders","start":3433.364,"end":3433.91},{"text":"under","start":3434.022,"end":3434.263},{"text":"draft","start":3434.327,"end":3434.648},{"text":"Article","start":3434.648,"end":3434.986},{"text":"12,","start":3435.066,"end":3435.355},{"text":"and","start":3436.335,"end":3436.415},{"text":"in","start":3436.415,"end":3436.479},{"text":"order","start":3436.511,"end":3436.752},{"text":"to","start":3436.833,"end":3436.913},{"text":"better","start":3436.993,"end":3437.298},{"text":"define","start":3437.298,"end":3437.603},{"text":"the","start":3437.636,"end":3437.78},{"text":"capacity","start":3437.78,"end":3438.294},{"text":"of","start":3438.294,"end":3438.374},{"text":"the","start":3438.422,"end":3438.503},{"text":"state","start":3438.503,"end":3438.84},{"text":"of","start":3439.177,"end":3439.258},{"text":"nationality","start":3439.322,"end":3440.012},{"text":"to","start":3440.205,"end":3440.334},{"text":"exercise","start":3440.35,"end":3440.896},{"text":"protection","start":3441.008,"end":3441.618},{"text":"on","start":3441.955,"end":3442.004},{"text":"behalf","start":3442.116,"end":3442.63},{"text":"of","start":3442.694,"end":3442.823},{"text":"judicial—","start":3442.935,"end":3444.397},{"text":"juridical","start":3445.103,"end":3446.356},{"text":"persons.","start":3446.388,"end":3446.757}]},{"text":"Similarly, we value the clarification provided by the late Professor Ian Brownlee on situations where representations or delegation among states may give rise to a right of protection.","start":3447.673,"end":3458.322,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"Similarly,","start":3447.673,"end":3448.203},{"text":"we","start":3448.395,"end":3448.492},{"text":"value","start":3448.492,"end":3448.909},{"text":"the","start":3448.957,"end":3449.102},{"text":"clarification","start":3449.102,"end":3449.969},{"text":"provided","start":3450.162,"end":3450.692},{"text":"by","start":3450.965,"end":3451.109},{"text":"the","start":3451.109,"end":3451.206},{"text":"late","start":3451.206,"end":3451.431},{"text":"Professor","start":3451.431,"end":3451.912},{"text":"Ian","start":3451.993,"end":3452.217},{"text":"Brownlee","start":3452.233,"end":3452.603},{"text":"on","start":3452.958,"end":3453.007},{"text":"situations","start":3453.007,"end":3453.755},{"text":"where","start":3453.852,"end":3454.096},{"text":"representations","start":3454.096,"end":3454.974},{"text":"or","start":3455.169,"end":3455.25},{"text":"delegation","start":3455.331,"end":3455.835},{"text":"among","start":3455.884,"end":3456.03},{"text":"states","start":3456.079,"end":3456.518},{"text":"may","start":3456.55,"end":3456.713},{"text":"give","start":3456.713,"end":3456.892},{"text":"rise","start":3456.94,"end":3457.168},{"text":"to","start":3457.347,"end":3457.412},{"text":"a","start":3457.412,"end":3457.428},{"text":"right","start":3457.428,"end":3457.721},{"text":"of","start":3457.769,"end":3457.851},{"text":"protection.","start":3457.851,"end":3458.322}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, draft Article 18 is especially significant for the Philippines.","start":3460.02,"end":3463.965,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":3460.02,"end":3460.181},{"text":"Chair,","start":3460.245,"end":3460.454},{"text":"draft","start":3460.776,"end":3461.163},{"text":"Article","start":3461.163,"end":3461.581},{"text":"18","start":3461.581,"end":3461.936},{"text":"is","start":3462.145,"end":3462.193},{"text":"especially","start":3462.242,"end":3462.709},{"text":"significant","start":3462.709,"end":3463.337},{"text":"for","start":3463.337,"end":3463.433},{"text":"the","start":3463.433,"end":3463.514},{"text":"Philippines.","start":3463.514,"end":3463.965}]},{"text":"As one of the world's largest suppliers of seafarers, we recognize that the flag state may exercise diplomatic protection over them.","start":3464.963,"end":3472.835,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":3464.963,"end":3465.011},{"text":"one","start":3465.108,"end":3465.172},{"text":"of","start":3465.205,"end":3465.301},{"text":"the","start":3465.301,"end":3465.43},{"text":"world's","start":3465.43,"end":3465.994},{"text":"largest","start":3466.01,"end":3466.396},{"text":"suppliers","start":3466.396,"end":3466.783},{"text":"of","start":3466.896,"end":3467.024},{"text":"seafarers,","start":3467.04,"end":3467.588},{"text":"we","start":3468.18,"end":3468.228},{"text":"recognize","start":3468.228,"end":3468.824},{"text":"that","start":3468.856,"end":3469.001},{"text":"the","start":3469.001,"end":3469.082},{"text":"flag","start":3469.082,"end":3469.468},{"text":"state","start":3469.887,"end":3470.225},{"text":"may","start":3470.225,"end":3470.451},{"text":"exercise","start":3470.467,"end":3470.998},{"text":"diplomatic","start":3471.111,"end":3471.739},{"text":"protection","start":3471.739,"end":3472.207},{"text":"over","start":3472.48,"end":3472.722},{"text":"them.","start":3472.722,"end":3472.835}]},{"text":"However, we believe that such a prerogative should be complementary, not exclusive to that of the seafarer's state of nationality.","start":3474.156,"end":3482.484,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":3474.156,"end":3474.558},{"text":"we","start":3475.122,"end":3475.219},{"text":"believe","start":3475.219,"end":3475.557},{"text":"that","start":3475.605,"end":3475.718},{"text":"such","start":3475.718,"end":3475.992},{"text":"a","start":3476.04,"end":3476.056},{"text":"prerogative","start":3476.105,"end":3476.685},{"text":"should","start":3476.685,"end":3476.878},{"text":"be","start":3476.975,"end":3477.12},{"text":"complementary,","start":3477.12,"end":3477.774},{"text":"not","start":3477.929,"end":3478.24},{"text":"exclusive","start":3478.326,"end":3478.952},{"text":"to","start":3479.771,"end":3479.867},{"text":"that","start":3479.867,"end":3480.268},{"text":"of","start":3480.734,"end":3480.846},{"text":"the","start":3480.846,"end":3480.927},{"text":"seafarer's","start":3480.927,"end":3481.424},{"text":"state","start":3481.505,"end":3481.73},{"text":"of","start":3481.778,"end":3481.842},{"text":"nationality.","start":3481.874,"end":3482.484}]},{"text":"We also note that the draft articles do not specify the period within which diplomatic protection may be exercised.","start":3483.48,"end":3489.806,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3483.48,"end":3483.544},{"text":"also","start":3483.56,"end":3483.881},{"text":"note","start":3483.881,"end":3484.283},{"text":"that","start":3484.283,"end":3484.379},{"text":"the","start":3484.379,"end":3484.523},{"text":"draft","start":3484.523,"end":3484.909},{"text":"articles","start":3484.909,"end":3485.294},{"text":"do","start":3485.39,"end":3485.455},{"text":"not","start":3485.487,"end":3485.712},{"text":"specify","start":3485.712,"end":3486.354},{"text":"the","start":3486.354,"end":3486.53},{"text":"period","start":3486.53,"end":3486.868},{"text":"within","start":3486.932,"end":3487.141},{"text":"which","start":3487.253,"end":3487.381},{"text":"diplomatic","start":3487.574,"end":3488.136},{"text":"protection","start":3488.136,"end":3488.746},{"text":"may","start":3488.778,"end":3488.987},{"text":"be","start":3489.019,"end":3489.164},{"text":"exercised.","start":3489.244,"end":3489.806}]},{"text":"To promote legal stability, the Philippines suggests that consideration be given to the principles of prescription, estoppel, or laches, which help ensure predictability in both human and international relations.","start":3490.802,"end":3502.796,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":3490.802,"end":3490.914},{"text":"promote","start":3490.93,"end":3491.267},{"text":"legal","start":3491.267,"end":3491.508},{"text":"stability,","start":3491.508,"end":3492.038},{"text":"the","start":3492.391,"end":3492.471},{"text":"Philippines","start":3492.471,"end":3492.969},{"text":"suggests","start":3492.969,"end":3493.483},{"text":"that","start":3493.595,"end":3493.82},{"text":"consideration","start":3493.836,"end":3494.446},{"text":"be","start":3494.559,"end":3494.639},{"text":"given","start":3494.703,"end":3494.928},{"text":"to","start":3495.04,"end":3495.137},{"text":"the","start":3495.137,"end":3495.281},{"text":"principles","start":3495.281,"end":3495.731},{"text":"of","start":3495.908,"end":3495.956},{"text":"prescription,","start":3496.068,"end":3496.614},{"text":"estoppel,","start":3497.192,"end":3497.77},{"text":"or","start":3497.85,"end":3497.915},{"text":"laches,","start":3498.011,"end":3498.38},{"text":"which","start":3498.557,"end":3498.701},{"text":"help","start":3498.734,"end":3499.039},{"text":"ensure","start":3499.039,"end":3499.328},{"text":"predictability","start":3499.617,"end":3500.387},{"text":"in","start":3500.741,"end":3500.789},{"text":"both","start":3500.885,"end":3501.03},{"text":"human","start":3501.062,"end":3501.431},{"text":"and","start":3501.624,"end":3501.688},{"text":"international","start":3501.704,"end":3502.362},{"text":"relations.","start":3502.362,"end":3502.796}]},{"text":"Mister Chair, diplomatic protection remains one of the most rich, even if controversial, fields for the development of international law.","start":3505.235,"end":3511.648,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mister","start":3505.235,"end":3505.475},{"text":"Chair,","start":3505.475,"end":3505.667},{"text":"diplomatic","start":3506.02,"end":3506.517},{"text":"protection","start":3506.517,"end":3506.982},{"text":"remains","start":3506.982,"end":3507.287},{"text":"one","start":3507.383,"end":3507.479},{"text":"of","start":3507.479,"end":3507.56},{"text":"the","start":3507.56,"end":3507.64},{"text":"most","start":3507.64,"end":3507.88},{"text":"rich,","start":3507.88,"end":3508.089},{"text":"even","start":3508.361,"end":3508.554},{"text":"if","start":3508.762,"end":3508.842},{"text":"controversial,","start":3508.923,"end":3509.516},{"text":"fields","start":3509.564,"end":3509.853},{"text":"for","start":3509.949,"end":3510.029},{"text":"the","start":3510.045,"end":3510.125},{"text":"development","start":3510.125,"end":3510.831},{"text":"of","start":3510.831,"end":3510.879},{"text":"international","start":3510.943,"end":3511.536},{"text":"law.","start":3511.568,"end":3511.648}]},{"text":"The Philippines welcomes the International Law Commission's recommendation to elaborate a convention on diplomatic protection on the basis of the 2006 draft articles.","start":3512.851,"end":3523.242,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3512.851,"end":3512.931},{"text":"Philippines","start":3512.931,"end":3513.46},{"text":"welcomes","start":3513.637,"end":3513.99},{"text":"the","start":3513.99,"end":3514.054},{"text":"International","start":3514.054,"end":3514.887},{"text":"Law","start":3515.401,"end":3515.657},{"text":"Commission's","start":3515.657,"end":3516.138},{"text":"recommendation","start":3516.138,"end":3516.908},{"text":"to","start":3517.245,"end":3517.341},{"text":"elaborate","start":3517.341,"end":3517.838},{"text":"a","start":3517.886,"end":3517.966},{"text":"convention","start":3517.966,"end":3518.511},{"text":"on","start":3518.848,"end":3518.912},{"text":"diplomatic","start":3518.944,"end":3519.57},{"text":"protection","start":3519.57,"end":3520.195},{"text":"on","start":3520.227,"end":3520.275},{"text":"the","start":3520.371,"end":3520.452},{"text":"basis","start":3520.468,"end":3520.804},{"text":"of","start":3520.852,"end":3520.901},{"text":"the","start":3520.949,"end":3521.029},{"text":"2006","start":3521.109,"end":3521.959},{"text":"draft","start":3522.552,"end":3522.857},{"text":"articles.","start":3522.857,"end":3523.242}]},{"text":"We also acknowledge the close relationship between these principles and those embodied in the articles on state responsibility for international wrongful acts, which together, together strengthen the accountability and stability in international relations.","start":3524.156,"end":3539.583,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3524.156,"end":3524.22},{"text":"also","start":3524.236,"end":3524.46},{"text":"acknowledge","start":3524.476,"end":3525.005},{"text":"the","start":3525.519,"end":3525.695},{"text":"close","start":3525.695,"end":3525.919},{"text":"relationship","start":3525.919,"end":3526.481},{"text":"between","start":3526.545,"end":3526.93},{"text":"these","start":3527.186,"end":3527.33},{"text":"principles","start":3527.427,"end":3527.892},{"text":"and","start":3528.004,"end":3528.068},{"text":"those","start":3528.164,"end":3528.373},{"text":"embodied","start":3528.485,"end":3529.062},{"text":"in","start":3529.126,"end":3529.207},{"text":"the","start":3529.207,"end":3529.367},{"text":"articles","start":3529.367,"end":3529.816},{"text":"on","start":3530.008,"end":3530.056},{"text":"state","start":3530.104,"end":3530.473},{"text":"responsibility","start":3530.473,"end":3531.339},{"text":"for","start":3531.5,"end":3531.58},{"text":"international","start":3531.612,"end":3532.383},{"text":"wrongful","start":3532.399,"end":3533.203},{"text":"acts,","start":3533.203,"end":3533.54},{"text":"which","start":3534.344,"end":3534.472},{"text":"together,","start":3534.505,"end":3534.906},{"text":"together","start":3535.212,"end":3535.967},{"text":"strengthen","start":3535.967,"end":3536.513},{"text":"the","start":3536.513,"end":3536.594},{"text":"accountability","start":3536.594,"end":3537.397},{"text":"and","start":3537.478,"end":3537.542},{"text":"stability","start":3537.574,"end":3538.12},{"text":"in","start":3538.265,"end":3538.329},{"text":"international","start":3538.345,"end":3539.085},{"text":"relations.","start":3539.085,"end":3539.583}]},{"text":"In this regard, we will contribute constructively to efforts towards reaching a broad consensus on this.","start":3540.37,"end":3545.873,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3540.37,"end":3540.418},{"text":"this","start":3540.515,"end":3540.579},{"text":"regard,","start":3540.66,"end":3540.983},{"text":"we","start":3541.161,"end":3541.242},{"text":"will","start":3541.242,"end":3541.339},{"text":"contribute","start":3541.339,"end":3541.874},{"text":"constructively","start":3541.906,"end":3542.602},{"text":"to","start":3542.797,"end":3542.926},{"text":"efforts","start":3542.942,"end":3543.363},{"text":"towards","start":3543.363,"end":3543.752},{"text":"reaching","start":3543.752,"end":3544.06},{"text":"a","start":3544.335,"end":3544.351},{"text":"broad","start":3544.399,"end":3544.626},{"text":"consensus","start":3544.659,"end":3545.258},{"text":"on","start":3545.533,"end":3545.598},{"text":"this.","start":3545.63,"end":3545.873}]},{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":3546.197,"end":3546.86,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3546.197,"end":3546.375},{"text":"you,","start":3546.375,"end":3546.488},{"text":"Mr.","start":3546.504,"end":3546.634},{"text":"Chair.","start":3546.682,"end":3546.86}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"PHL","affiliation_full":"Philippines","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":31,"start":3548.68,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=3549","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the Philippines for his statement.","start":3548.68,"end":3552.926,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3548.68,"end":3548.696},{"text":"thank","start":3548.712,"end":3548.955},{"text":"the","start":3548.955,"end":3549.198},{"text":"distinguished","start":3549.344,"end":3549.765},{"text":"representative","start":3549.765,"end":3550.43},{"text":"of","start":3550.43,"end":3550.559},{"text":"the","start":3550.559,"end":3550.64},{"text":"Philippines","start":3550.64,"end":3551.191},{"text":"for","start":3551.305,"end":3551.402},{"text":"his","start":3551.467,"end":3551.597},{"text":"statement.","start":3552.342,"end":3552.926}]},{"text":"I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Portugal.","start":3553.412,"end":3556.458,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3553.412,"end":3553.428},{"text":"give","start":3553.493,"end":3553.671},{"text":"the","start":3553.72,"end":3553.801},{"text":"floor","start":3553.801,"end":3554.011},{"text":"to","start":3554.125,"end":3554.271},{"text":"the","start":3554.287,"end":3554.498},{"text":"distinguished","start":3554.546,"end":3555.097},{"text":"representative","start":3555.097,"end":3555.907},{"text":"of","start":3555.907,"end":3555.972},{"text":"Portugal.","start":3556.07,"end":3556.458}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":32,"start":3559.666,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=3560","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. Chair. Mr. Chair, less than 10 years after this topic was first identified as suitable for codification and progressive development, the International Law Commission completed in 2006 a set of 19 draft articles on diplomatic protection.","start":3559.666,"end":3575.918,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":3559.666,"end":3559.908},{"text":"Chair.","start":3559.989,"end":3561.299},{"text":"Mr.","start":3562.091,"end":3562.366},{"text":"Chair,","start":3562.414,"end":3562.608},{"text":"less","start":3562.98,"end":3563.223},{"text":"than","start":3563.223,"end":3563.433},{"text":"10","start":3563.449,"end":3563.692},{"text":"years","start":3563.692,"end":3563.918},{"text":"after","start":3564.096,"end":3564.371},{"text":"this","start":3564.371,"end":3564.484},{"text":"topic","start":3564.597,"end":3564.936},{"text":"was","start":3565.001,"end":3565.13},{"text":"first","start":3565.227,"end":3565.486},{"text":"identified","start":3565.486,"end":3566.1},{"text":"as","start":3566.197,"end":3566.262},{"text":"suitable","start":3566.31,"end":3566.747},{"text":"for","start":3566.844,"end":3566.99},{"text":"codification","start":3566.99,"end":3567.794},{"text":"and","start":3567.826,"end":3567.987},{"text":"progressive","start":3567.987,"end":3568.47},{"text":"development,","start":3568.47,"end":3569.177},{"text":"the","start":3569.596,"end":3569.66},{"text":"International","start":3569.66,"end":3570.191},{"text":"Law","start":3570.223,"end":3570.255},{"text":"Commission","start":3570.32,"end":3570.85},{"text":"completed","start":3570.866,"end":3571.51},{"text":"in","start":3571.526,"end":3571.574},{"text":"2006","start":3571.671,"end":3572.491},{"text":"a","start":3572.893,"end":3572.91},{"text":"set","start":3572.958,"end":3573.231},{"text":"of","start":3573.231,"end":3573.344},{"text":"19","start":3573.44,"end":3573.859},{"text":"draft","start":3573.859,"end":3574.18},{"text":"articles","start":3574.245,"end":3574.679},{"text":"on","start":3574.743,"end":3574.792},{"text":"diplomatic","start":3574.824,"end":3575.387},{"text":"protection.","start":3575.387,"end":3575.918}]},{"text":"This was a remarkable achievement, demonstrating that the topic was ripe for codification and that diplomatic protection continues to be a relevant and— useful concept in contemporary international relations.","start":3576.583,"end":3588.63,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3576.583,"end":3576.713},{"text":"was","start":3576.826,"end":3576.956},{"text":"a","start":3576.988,"end":3577.053},{"text":"remarkable","start":3577.053,"end":3577.604},{"text":"achievement,","start":3577.636,"end":3578.204},{"text":"demonstrating","start":3578.285,"end":3578.9},{"text":"that","start":3578.933,"end":3579.16},{"text":"the","start":3579.16,"end":3579.241},{"text":"topic","start":3579.241,"end":3579.662},{"text":"was","start":3579.662,"end":3579.84},{"text":"ripe","start":3579.889,"end":3580.132},{"text":"for","start":3580.132,"end":3580.294},{"text":"codification","start":3580.31,"end":3581.267},{"text":"and","start":3581.607,"end":3581.672},{"text":"that","start":3581.688,"end":3581.85},{"text":"diplomatic","start":3581.85,"end":3582.401},{"text":"protection","start":3582.401,"end":3582.871},{"text":"continues","start":3582.984,"end":3583.438},{"text":"to","start":3583.471,"end":3583.6},{"text":"be","start":3583.633,"end":3583.714},{"text":"a","start":3583.714,"end":3583.86},{"text":"relevant","start":3583.86,"end":3584.184},{"text":"and—","start":3584.184,"end":3584.82},{"text":"useful","start":3584.82,"end":3584.82},{"text":"concept","start":3584.82,"end":3585.4},{"text":"in","start":3585.4,"end":3585.94},{"text":"contemporary","start":3585.94,"end":3586.58},{"text":"international","start":3586.58,"end":3587.18},{"text":"relations.","start":3587.18,"end":3588.63}]},{"text":"Portugal welcomed this development and has consistently supported the recommendation of the Commission to the General Assembly for the elaboration of a convention on the basis of these draft articles.","start":3588.72,"end":3599,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"Portugal","start":3588.72,"end":3589.14},{"text":"welcomed","start":3589.14,"end":3589.64},{"text":"this","start":3589.64,"end":3589.88},{"text":"development","start":3589.88,"end":3590.42},{"text":"and","start":3590.42,"end":3590.72},{"text":"has","start":3590.72,"end":3590.96},{"text":"consistently","start":3590.96,"end":3591.5},{"text":"supported","start":3591.5,"end":3592.1},{"text":"the","start":3592.1,"end":3592.26},{"text":"recommendation","start":3592.26,"end":3592.8},{"text":"of","start":3592.8,"end":3593.48},{"text":"the","start":3593.48,"end":3593.6},{"text":"Commission","start":3593.6,"end":3593.92},{"text":"to","start":3593.92,"end":3594.12},{"text":"the","start":3594.12,"end":3594.3},{"text":"General","start":3594.3,"end":3594.56},{"text":"Assembly","start":3594.56,"end":3595},{"text":"for","start":3595,"end":3595.52},{"text":"the","start":3595.52,"end":3595.64},{"text":"elaboration","start":3595.66,"end":3596.26},{"text":"of","start":3596.26,"end":3596.5},{"text":"a","start":3596.5,"end":3596.58},{"text":"convention","start":3596.58,"end":3597.04},{"text":"on","start":3597.04,"end":3597.3},{"text":"the","start":3597.3,"end":3597.42},{"text":"basis","start":3597.42,"end":3597.7},{"text":"of","start":3597.7,"end":3597.94},{"text":"these","start":3597.94,"end":3598.16},{"text":"draft","start":3598.16,"end":3598.4},{"text":"articles.","start":3598.4,"end":3599}]},{"text":"We have also valued the subsequent debates in the Sixth Committee and the periodic reports of the Secretary-General, which have provided member states with an opportunity to exchange views and to contribute meaningfully to the collective reflection on this important matter.","start":3599.6,"end":3614.287,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. 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Chair, there is an identifiable trend of recognizing greater autonomy and capacity to individuals and groups of individuals to assure the protection of their own rights.","start":3615.633,"end":3624.559,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":3615.633,"end":3615.842},{"text":"Chair,","start":3615.89,"end":3616.146},{"text":"there","start":3616.675,"end":3616.739},{"text":"is","start":3616.771,"end":3616.819},{"text":"an","start":3616.931,"end":3616.979},{"text":"identifiable","start":3617.028,"end":3617.685},{"text":"trend","start":3617.733,"end":3618.053},{"text":"of","start":3618.053,"end":3618.197},{"text":"recognizing","start":3618.197,"end":3618.726},{"text":"greater","start":3618.758,"end":3619.063},{"text":"autonomy","start":3619.079,"end":3619.463},{"text":"and","start":3619.655,"end":3619.736},{"text":"capacity","start":3619.736,"end":3620.344},{"text":"to","start":3620.457,"end":3620.601},{"text":"individuals","start":3620.601,"end":3621.146},{"text":"and","start":3621.178,"end":3621.338},{"text":"groups","start":3621.338,"end":3621.594},{"text":"of","start":3621.594,"end":3621.722},{"text":"individuals","start":3621.722,"end":3622.267},{"text":"to","start":3622.716,"end":3622.812},{"text":"assure","start":3622.86,"end":3623.165},{"text":"the","start":3623.165,"end":3623.261},{"text":"protection","start":3623.261,"end":3623.741},{"text":"of","start":3623.741,"end":3623.838},{"text":"their","start":3623.838,"end":3623.95},{"text":"own","start":3624.126,"end":3624.19},{"text":"rights.","start":3624.222,"end":3624.559}]},{"text":"We are convinced that in international social relations, the self-emancipation of individuals is the path to be followed.","start":3625.184,"end":3631.689,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3625.184,"end":3625.328},{"text":"are","start":3625.328,"end":3625.424},{"text":"convinced","start":3625.424,"end":3625.985},{"text":"that","start":3625.985,"end":3626.209},{"text":"in","start":3626.289,"end":3626.369},{"text":"international","start":3626.626,"end":3627.187},{"text":"social","start":3627.187,"end":3627.523},{"text":"relations,","start":3627.571,"end":3628.116},{"text":"the","start":3628.613,"end":3628.645},{"text":"self-emancipation","start":3628.645,"end":3629.638},{"text":"of","start":3629.654,"end":3629.879},{"text":"individuals","start":3629.975,"end":3630.52},{"text":"is","start":3630.696,"end":3630.76},{"text":"the","start":3630.776,"end":3630.936},{"text":"path","start":3630.936,"end":3631.08},{"text":"to","start":3631.112,"end":3631.209},{"text":"be","start":3631.209,"end":3631.337},{"text":"followed.","start":3631.337,"end":3631.689}]},{"text":"However, this should not preclude us from admitting that diplomatic protection conducted by state remains an important remedy.","start":3632.474,"end":3639.093,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":3632.474,"end":3633.019},{"text":"this","start":3633.099,"end":3633.26},{"text":"should","start":3633.26,"end":3633.308},{"text":"not","start":3633.308,"end":3633.516},{"text":"preclude","start":3633.516,"end":3633.997},{"text":"us","start":3633.997,"end":3634.221},{"text":"from","start":3634.221,"end":3634.333},{"text":"admitting","start":3634.381,"end":3634.766},{"text":"that","start":3635.198,"end":3635.279},{"text":"diplomatic","start":3635.279,"end":3635.823},{"text":"protection","start":3635.823,"end":3636.288},{"text":"conducted","start":3636.4,"end":3636.881},{"text":"by","start":3636.881,"end":3637.137},{"text":"state","start":3637.25,"end":3637.522},{"text":"remains","start":3637.843,"end":3638.131},{"text":"an","start":3638.163,"end":3638.211},{"text":"important","start":3638.243,"end":3638.724},{"text":"remedy.","start":3638.724,"end":3639.093}]},{"text":"Diplomatic protection remains an essential subsidiary mechanism, a last resort to which a state may protect the human rights of its nationals.","start":3639.686,"end":3647.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Diplomatic","start":3639.686,"end":3640.231},{"text":"protection","start":3640.231,"end":3640.776},{"text":"remains","start":3640.953,"end":3641.289},{"text":"an","start":3641.289,"end":3641.337},{"text":"essential","start":3641.386,"end":3641.818},{"text":"subsidiary","start":3641.947,"end":3642.652},{"text":"mechanism,","start":3642.652,"end":3643.293},{"text":"a","start":3643.758,"end":3643.774},{"text":"last","start":3643.774,"end":3644.031},{"text":"resort","start":3644.079,"end":3644.576},{"text":"to","start":3644.576,"end":3644.672},{"text":"which","start":3644.72,"end":3644.864},{"text":"a","start":3644.912,"end":3644.928},{"text":"state","start":3644.993,"end":3645.522},{"text":"may","start":3645.522,"end":3645.618},{"text":"protect","start":3645.682,"end":3646.099},{"text":"the","start":3646.099,"end":3646.179},{"text":"human","start":3646.243,"end":3646.451},{"text":"rights","start":3646.5,"end":3646.804},{"text":"of","start":3646.804,"end":3646.852},{"text":"its","start":3646.9,"end":3647.013},{"text":"nationals.","start":3647.061,"end":3647.51}]},{"text":"As the ILC has underlined in its commentaries, diplomatic protection conducted by a state at an interstate level remains an important remedy for the protection of persons whose human rights have been violated abroad.","start":3648.407,"end":3661.136,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":3648.407,"end":3648.503},{"text":"the","start":3648.503,"end":3648.632},{"text":"ILC","start":3648.648,"end":3649.145},{"text":"has","start":3649.145,"end":3649.273},{"text":"underlined","start":3649.305,"end":3649.914},{"text":"in","start":3650.01,"end":3650.107},{"text":"its","start":3650.107,"end":3650.267},{"text":"commentaries,","start":3650.267,"end":3650.796},{"text":"diplomatic","start":3651.229,"end":3651.71},{"text":"protection","start":3651.71,"end":3652.239},{"text":"conducted","start":3652.271,"end":3652.768},{"text":"by","start":3652.816,"end":3652.88},{"text":"a","start":3652.896,"end":3652.992},{"text":"state","start":3652.992,"end":3653.457},{"text":"at","start":3653.874,"end":3654.066},{"text":"an","start":3654.179,"end":3654.323},{"text":"interstate","start":3654.355,"end":3654.98},{"text":"level","start":3654.98,"end":3655.205},{"text":"remains","start":3655.718,"end":3656.118},{"text":"an","start":3656.279,"end":3656.423},{"text":"important","start":3656.423,"end":3656.984},{"text":"remedy","start":3656.984,"end":3657.289},{"text":"for","start":3657.321,"end":3657.497},{"text":"the","start":3657.545,"end":3657.625},{"text":"protection","start":3657.625,"end":3658.01},{"text":"of","start":3658.106,"end":3658.25},{"text":"persons","start":3658.283,"end":3658.699},{"text":"whose","start":3659.148,"end":3659.292},{"text":"human","start":3659.309,"end":3659.565},{"text":"rights","start":3659.565,"end":3659.87},{"text":"have","start":3659.87,"end":3660.014},{"text":"been","start":3660.046,"end":3660.174},{"text":"violated","start":3660.286,"end":3660.767},{"text":"abroad.","start":3660.767,"end":3661.136}]},{"text":"Moreover, diplomatic of protection remains closely linked to one of the fundamental principles of international law, the sovereign equality of states.","start":3661.809,"end":3669.72,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":3661.809,"end":3662.37},{"text":"diplomatic","start":3662.435,"end":3662.948},{"text":"of","start":3662.9,"end":3662.948},{"text":"protection","start":3662.948,"end":3663.381},{"text":"remains","start":3663.493,"end":3663.862},{"text":"closely","start":3663.959,"end":3664.296},{"text":"linked","start":3664.296,"end":3664.697},{"text":"to","start":3664.697,"end":3664.825},{"text":"one","start":3664.857,"end":3665.034},{"text":"of","start":3665.082,"end":3665.146},{"text":"the","start":3665.178,"end":3665.21},{"text":"fundamental","start":3665.258,"end":3665.74},{"text":"principles","start":3665.804,"end":3666.35},{"text":"of","start":3666.799,"end":3666.879},{"text":"international","start":3666.927,"end":3667.489},{"text":"law,","start":3667.489,"end":3667.585},{"text":"the","start":3668.227,"end":3668.307},{"text":"sovereign","start":3668.307,"end":3668.66},{"text":"equality","start":3668.805,"end":3669.27},{"text":"of","start":3669.27,"end":3669.351},{"text":"states.","start":3669.351,"end":3669.72}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, Portugal wishes to thank the Secretary-General for his reports containing the comments and observations received from governments.","start":3670.618,"end":3677.968,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":3670.618,"end":3670.811},{"text":"Chair,","start":3670.875,"end":3671.276},{"text":"Portugal","start":3671.677,"end":3672.143},{"text":"wishes","start":3672.143,"end":3672.688},{"text":"to","start":3672.817,"end":3673.041},{"text":"thank","start":3673.041,"end":3673.266},{"text":"the","start":3673.266,"end":3673.346},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":3673.346,"end":3674.181},{"text":"for","start":3674.181,"end":3674.373},{"text":"his","start":3674.405,"end":3674.534},{"text":"reports","start":3674.646,"end":3675.047},{"text":"containing","start":3675.047,"end":3675.416},{"text":"the","start":3675.449,"end":3675.609},{"text":"comments","start":3675.609,"end":3676.01},{"text":"and","start":3676.09,"end":3676.171},{"text":"observations","start":3676.171,"end":3676.829},{"text":"received","start":3676.877,"end":3677.278},{"text":"from","start":3677.278,"end":3677.519},{"text":"governments.","start":3677.519,"end":3677.968}]},{"text":"We also acknowledge with appreciation the adoption of Resolution 77/105, which reaffirmed the importance of this topic and encouraged member states to continue substantive dialogue on an informal basis before the next session of the General Assembly.","start":3678.578,"end":3693.632,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3678.578,"end":3678.706},{"text":"also","start":3678.722,"end":3678.963},{"text":"acknowledge","start":3678.963,"end":3679.396},{"text":"with","start":3679.46,"end":3679.621},{"text":"appreciation","start":3679.621,"end":3680.231},{"text":"the","start":3680.279,"end":3680.407},{"text":"adoption","start":3680.407,"end":3680.792},{"text":"of","start":3680.824,"end":3680.921},{"text":"Resolution","start":3681.065,"end":3681.643},{"text":"77/105,","start":3682.044,"end":3684.082},{"text":"which","start":3684.579,"end":3684.724},{"text":"reaffirmed","start":3684.756,"end":3685.237},{"text":"the","start":3685.237,"end":3685.318},{"text":"importance","start":3685.318,"end":3685.879},{"text":"of","start":3685.879,"end":3685.976},{"text":"this","start":3686.024,"end":3686.136},{"text":"topic","start":3686.2,"end":3686.666},{"text":"and","start":3686.666,"end":3686.762},{"text":"encouraged","start":3686.762,"end":3687.243},{"text":"member","start":3687.243,"end":3687.5},{"text":"states","start":3687.5,"end":3687.965},{"text":"to","start":3688.302,"end":3688.415},{"text":"continue","start":3688.431,"end":3688.848},{"text":"substantive","start":3688.848,"end":3689.442},{"text":"dialogue","start":3689.49,"end":3689.987},{"text":"on","start":3690.052,"end":3690.1},{"text":"an","start":3690.196,"end":3690.228},{"text":"informal","start":3690.228,"end":3690.662},{"text":"basis","start":3690.694,"end":3691.031},{"text":"before","start":3691.641,"end":3691.914},{"text":"the","start":3691.962,"end":3692.011},{"text":"next","start":3692.011,"end":3692.219},{"text":"session","start":3692.219,"end":3692.621},{"text":"of","start":3692.621,"end":3692.717},{"text":"the","start":3692.717,"end":3692.845},{"text":"General","start":3692.845,"end":3693.167},{"text":"Assembly.","start":3693.167,"end":3693.632}]},{"text":"We note that, as reflected in the debates of previous sessions, member states continue to hold different views on the future of this topic.","start":3694.467,"end":3701.468,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3694.467,"end":3694.564},{"text":"note","start":3694.564,"end":3694.853},{"text":"that,","start":3694.853,"end":3695.093},{"text":"as","start":3695.174,"end":3695.238},{"text":"reflected","start":3695.35,"end":3695.928},{"text":"in","start":3695.993,"end":3696.041},{"text":"the","start":3696.073,"end":3696.153},{"text":"debates","start":3696.169,"end":3696.555},{"text":"of","start":3696.555,"end":3696.683},{"text":"previous","start":3696.715,"end":3697.004},{"text":"sessions,","start":3697.036,"end":3697.566},{"text":"member","start":3698.064,"end":3698.305},{"text":"states","start":3698.305,"end":3698.722},{"text":"continue","start":3698.722,"end":3699.108},{"text":"to","start":3699.108,"end":3699.204},{"text":"hold","start":3699.204,"end":3699.445},{"text":"different","start":3699.445,"end":3699.83},{"text":"views","start":3699.83,"end":3700.103},{"text":"on","start":3700.151,"end":3700.248},{"text":"the","start":3700.248,"end":3700.328},{"text":"future","start":3700.328,"end":3700.713},{"text":"of","start":3700.713,"end":3700.81},{"text":"this","start":3700.81,"end":3701.05},{"text":"topic.","start":3701.05,"end":3701.468}]},{"text":"We also acknowledge that some of the written comments and statements of member states at the Sixth Committee have pointed to a link between the topic of diplomatic protection and of the responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts.","start":3702.014,"end":3714.49,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3702.014,"end":3702.078},{"text":"also","start":3702.158,"end":3702.399},{"text":"acknowledge","start":3702.399,"end":3702.865},{"text":"that","start":3702.897,"end":3703.122},{"text":"some","start":3703.122,"end":3703.33},{"text":"of","start":3703.379,"end":3703.475},{"text":"the","start":3703.475,"end":3703.603},{"text":"written","start":3703.619,"end":3703.908},{"text":"comments","start":3703.925,"end":3704.342},{"text":"and","start":3704.422,"end":3704.567},{"text":"statements","start":3704.567,"end":3705.081},{"text":"of","start":3705.145,"end":3705.273},{"text":"member","start":3705.37,"end":3705.562},{"text":"states","start":3705.562,"end":3706.108},{"text":"at","start":3706.349,"end":3706.478},{"text":"the","start":3706.51,"end":3706.542},{"text":"Sixth","start":3706.59,"end":3706.911},{"text":"Committee","start":3706.911,"end":3707.28},{"text":"have","start":3707.698,"end":3707.842},{"text":"pointed","start":3707.939,"end":3708.276},{"text":"to","start":3708.276,"end":3708.404},{"text":"a","start":3708.436,"end":3708.452},{"text":"link","start":3708.452,"end":3708.742},{"text":"between","start":3708.742,"end":3708.966},{"text":"the","start":3708.998,"end":3709.143},{"text":"topic","start":3709.143,"end":3709.496},{"text":"of","start":3709.56,"end":3709.657},{"text":"diplomatic","start":3709.657,"end":3710.203},{"text":"protection","start":3710.203,"end":3710.813},{"text":"and","start":3711.246,"end":3711.407},{"text":"of","start":3711.471,"end":3711.535},{"text":"the","start":3711.567,"end":3711.648},{"text":"responsibility","start":3711.648,"end":3712.418},{"text":"of","start":3712.435,"end":3712.499},{"text":"states","start":3712.515,"end":3712.916},{"text":"for","start":3712.916,"end":3712.997},{"text":"internationally","start":3712.997,"end":3713.623},{"text":"wrongful","start":3713.655,"end":3714.137},{"text":"acts.","start":3714.137,"end":3714.49}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, Portugal would like to express again its agreement with the draft articles in general and our belief that they are suitable for being the basis of an international convention on diplomatic protection.","start":3715.55,"end":3726.227,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":3715.55,"end":3715.758},{"text":"Chair,","start":3715.822,"end":3716.176},{"text":"Portugal","start":3716.384,"end":3716.77},{"text":"would","start":3716.77,"end":3716.93},{"text":"like","start":3716.93,"end":3717.043},{"text":"to","start":3717.123,"end":3717.252},{"text":"express","start":3717.252,"end":3717.621},{"text":"again","start":3717.685,"end":3717.942},{"text":"its","start":3717.99,"end":3718.167},{"text":"agreement","start":3718.231,"end":3718.584},{"text":"with","start":3718.632,"end":3718.745},{"text":"the","start":3718.777,"end":3718.857},{"text":"draft","start":3718.857,"end":3719.162},{"text":"articles","start":3719.259,"end":3719.644},{"text":"in","start":3719.676,"end":3719.805},{"text":"general","start":3719.821,"end":3720.19},{"text":"and","start":3720.639,"end":3720.704},{"text":"our","start":3720.784,"end":3720.88},{"text":"belief","start":3720.88,"end":3721.217},{"text":"that","start":3721.217,"end":3721.426},{"text":"they","start":3721.426,"end":3721.507},{"text":"are","start":3721.507,"end":3721.603},{"text":"suitable","start":3721.603,"end":3722.101},{"text":"for","start":3722.149,"end":3722.293},{"text":"being","start":3722.406,"end":3722.534},{"text":"the","start":3722.566,"end":3722.727},{"text":"basis","start":3722.727,"end":3723.273},{"text":"of","start":3723.353,"end":3723.385},{"text":"an","start":3723.385,"end":3723.514},{"text":"international","start":3723.514,"end":3724.027},{"text":"convention","start":3724.076,"end":3724.605},{"text":"on","start":3725.119,"end":3725.183},{"text":"diplomatic","start":3725.216,"end":3725.762},{"text":"protection.","start":3725.762,"end":3726.227}]},{"text":"This conviction remains despite our disagreement with certain aspects of this outcome, such as those concerning the scope of certain draft articles and their content.","start":3726.982,"end":3736.054,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3726.982,"end":3727.207},{"text":"conviction","start":3727.207,"end":3727.64},{"text":"remains","start":3727.688,"end":3728.154},{"text":"despite","start":3728.186,"end":3728.652},{"text":"our","start":3728.652,"end":3728.828},{"text":"disagreement","start":3728.828,"end":3729.471},{"text":"with","start":3729.471,"end":3729.631},{"text":"certain","start":3729.647,"end":3730.049},{"text":"aspects","start":3730.177,"end":3730.546},{"text":"of","start":3730.675,"end":3730.819},{"text":"this","start":3730.819,"end":3731.06},{"text":"outcome,","start":3731.06,"end":3731.381},{"text":"such","start":3731.975,"end":3732.168},{"text":"as","start":3732.264,"end":3732.409},{"text":"those","start":3732.441,"end":3732.65},{"text":"concerning","start":3732.682,"end":3733.212},{"text":"the","start":3733.244,"end":3733.324},{"text":"scope","start":3733.324,"end":3733.726},{"text":"of","start":3733.806,"end":3733.902},{"text":"certain","start":3733.95,"end":3734.336},{"text":"draft","start":3734.352,"end":3734.625},{"text":"articles","start":3734.689,"end":3735.219},{"text":"and","start":3735.315,"end":3735.395},{"text":"their","start":3735.412,"end":3735.572},{"text":"content.","start":3735.572,"end":3736.054}]},{"text":"However, we believe these and other issues could be discussed in the context of a the negotiation of a convention.","start":3736.696,"end":3742.685,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":3736.696,"end":3737.162},{"text":"we","start":3737.258,"end":3737.419},{"text":"believe","start":3737.419,"end":3737.772},{"text":"these","start":3737.916,"end":3738.109},{"text":"and","start":3738.286,"end":3738.382},{"text":"other","start":3738.527,"end":3738.687},{"text":"issues","start":3738.783,"end":3739.072},{"text":"could","start":3739.249,"end":3739.345},{"text":"be","start":3739.345,"end":3739.49},{"text":"discussed","start":3739.49,"end":3740.068},{"text":"in","start":3740.068,"end":3740.148},{"text":"the","start":3740.148,"end":3740.309},{"text":"context","start":3740.309,"end":3740.855},{"text":"of","start":3740.871,"end":3741.031},{"text":"a","start":3741.031,"end":3741.176},{"text":"the","start":3741.336,"end":3741.369},{"text":"negotiation","start":3741.369,"end":3741.995},{"text":"of","start":3741.995,"end":3742.091},{"text":"a","start":3742.091,"end":3742.155},{"text":"convention.","start":3742.155,"end":3742.685}]},{"text":"To conclude, we thus continue hoping that these draft articles, together with those on responsibility of states, can soon be part of parallel convention, since they traditionally go hand in hand, as noted by the International Law Commission.","start":3743.761,"end":3757.457,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."},{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":3743.761,"end":3743.841},{"text":"conclude,","start":3743.841,"end":3744.291},{"text":"we","start":3744.644,"end":3744.789},{"text":"thus","start":3744.789,"end":3745.126},{"text":"continue","start":3745.126,"end":3745.527},{"text":"hoping","start":3745.527,"end":3745.896},{"text":"that","start":3745.993,"end":3746.137},{"text":"these","start":3746.169,"end":3746.298},{"text":"draft","start":3746.33,"end":3746.651},{"text":"articles,","start":3746.715,"end":3747.181},{"text":"together","start":3747.695,"end":3748.08},{"text":"with","start":3748.08,"end":3748.241},{"text":"those","start":3748.241,"end":3748.385},{"text":"on","start":3748.482,"end":3748.642},{"text":"responsibility","start":3748.642,"end":3749.317},{"text":"of","start":3749.317,"end":3749.397},{"text":"states,","start":3749.397,"end":3749.943},{"text":"can","start":3750.264,"end":3750.376},{"text":"soon","start":3750.424,"end":3750.794},{"text":"be","start":3750.906,"end":3751.067},{"text":"part","start":3751.067,"end":3751.372},{"text":"of","start":3751.388,"end":3751.516},{"text":"parallel","start":3751.548,"end":3751.95},{"text":"convention,","start":3751.95,"end":3752.48},{"text":"since","start":3753.01,"end":3753.299},{"text":"they","start":3753.299,"end":3753.395},{"text":"traditionally","start":3753.459,"end":3754.005},{"text":"go","start":3754.037,"end":3754.294},{"text":"hand","start":3754.342,"end":3754.487},{"text":"in","start":3754.519,"end":3754.663},{"text":"hand,","start":3754.663,"end":3754.888},{"text":"as","start":3755.161,"end":3755.209},{"text":"noted","start":3755.322,"end":3755.675},{"text":"by","start":3756.125,"end":3756.285},{"text":"the","start":3756.285,"end":3756.333},{"text":"International","start":3756.349,"end":3756.911},{"text":"Law","start":3756.911,"end":3756.959},{"text":"Commission.","start":3757.008,"end":3757.457}]},{"text":"This would represent a major step for the consolidation of the law on international responsibility.","start":3758.196,"end":3763.366,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3758.196,"end":3758.356},{"text":"would","start":3758.356,"end":3758.469},{"text":"represent","start":3758.533,"end":3759.031},{"text":"a","start":3759.031,"end":3759.095},{"text":"major","start":3759.095,"end":3759.432},{"text":"step","start":3759.432,"end":3759.818},{"text":"for","start":3759.818,"end":3759.978},{"text":"the","start":3759.978,"end":3760.058},{"text":"consolidation","start":3760.058,"end":3760.813},{"text":"of","start":3761.407,"end":3761.471},{"text":"the","start":3761.504,"end":3761.648},{"text":"law","start":3761.664,"end":3761.776},{"text":"on","start":3761.969,"end":3762.033},{"text":"international","start":3762.065,"end":3762.547},{"text":"responsibility.","start":3762.547,"end":3763.366}]},{"text":"Thank you, Mr.","start":3764.057,"end":3764.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3764.057,"end":3764.185},{"text":"you,","start":3764.233,"end":3764.281},{"text":"Mr.","start":3764.297,"end":3764.49}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair.","start":3764.554,"end":3764.827,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair.","start":3764.554,"end":3764.827}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"PRT","affiliation_full":"Portugal","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":33,"start":3766.788,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=3767","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank the distinguished representative of Portugal for her statement.","start":3766.788,"end":3770.048,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3766.788,"end":3767.031},{"text":"the","start":3767.031,"end":3767.21},{"text":"distinguished","start":3767.21,"end":3767.712},{"text":"representative","start":3767.712,"end":3768.426},{"text":"of","start":3768.426,"end":3768.523},{"text":"Portugal","start":3768.572,"end":3769.042},{"text":"for","start":3769.075,"end":3769.302},{"text":"her","start":3769.302,"end":3769.48},{"text":"statement.","start":3769.48,"end":3770.048}]},{"text":"I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Algeria.","start":3770.697,"end":3773.876,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3770.697,"end":3770.713},{"text":"give","start":3770.94,"end":3771.086},{"text":"the","start":3771.086,"end":3771.135},{"text":"floor","start":3771.183,"end":3771.378},{"text":"to","start":3771.427,"end":3771.638},{"text":"the","start":3771.654,"end":3771.751},{"text":"distinguished","start":3771.751,"end":3772.238},{"text":"representative","start":3772.238,"end":3773.114},{"text":"of","start":3773.114,"end":3773.26},{"text":"Algeria.","start":3773.438,"end":3773.876}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":34,"start":3778.47,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=3779","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Shukran. Thank you, Chair, for giving me the floor.","start":3778.47,"end":3782.007,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Shukran.","start":3778.47,"end":3779.452},{"text":"Thank","start":3780.042,"end":3780.287},{"text":"you,","start":3780.287,"end":3780.369},{"text":"Chair,","start":3780.385,"end":3780.86},{"text":"for","start":3780.877,"end":3781.008},{"text":"giving","start":3781.106,"end":3781.335},{"text":"me","start":3781.368,"end":3781.466},{"text":"the","start":3781.515,"end":3781.614},{"text":"floor.","start":3781.614,"end":3782.007}]},{"text":"We extend our thanks to the Secretary-General of the United Nations for his report on diplomatic protection contained in Document A/AT/280.","start":3785.836,"end":3797.898,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3785.836,"end":3785.997},{"text":"extend","start":3785.997,"end":3786.496},{"text":"our","start":3786.544,"end":3786.721},{"text":"thanks","start":3786.721,"end":3787.124},{"text":"to","start":3787.124,"end":3787.285},{"text":"the","start":3787.285,"end":3787.381},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":3787.381,"end":3788.589},{"text":"of","start":3788.653,"end":3788.782},{"text":"the","start":3788.798,"end":3788.895},{"text":"United","start":3788.895,"end":3789.346},{"text":"Nations","start":3789.378,"end":3789.909},{"text":"for","start":3790.247,"end":3790.376},{"text":"his","start":3790.489,"end":3790.682},{"text":"report","start":3790.682,"end":3791.246},{"text":"on","start":3791.536,"end":3791.6},{"text":"diplomatic","start":3791.729,"end":3792.502},{"text":"protection","start":3792.582,"end":3793.13},{"text":"contained","start":3793.526,"end":3794.072},{"text":"in","start":3794.105,"end":3794.153},{"text":"Document","start":3794.265,"end":3794.892},{"text":"A/AT/280.","start":3794.892,"end":3797.898}]},{"text":"We thank the ILC for its valuable work and for its draft article on diplomatic protection adopted in 2006, and of which the GA took note in Resolution 62/70.","start":3799.392,"end":3818.205,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3799.392,"end":3799.489},{"text":"thank","start":3799.489,"end":3799.971},{"text":"the","start":3800.212,"end":3800.405},{"text":"ILC","start":3800.759,"end":3801.418},{"text":"for","start":3801.418,"end":3801.643},{"text":"its","start":3801.643,"end":3801.884},{"text":"valuable","start":3801.884,"end":3802.366},{"text":"work","start":3802.366,"end":3802.77},{"text":"and","start":3804.302,"end":3804.561},{"text":"for","start":3804.577,"end":3804.948},{"text":"its","start":3804.948,"end":3805.077},{"text":"draft","start":3805.222,"end":3805.771},{"text":"article","start":3805.771,"end":3806.481},{"text":"on","start":3806.561,"end":3806.626},{"text":"diplomatic","start":3806.658,"end":3807.449},{"text":"protection","start":3807.449,"end":3808.062},{"text":"adopted","start":3809.223,"end":3809.933},{"text":"in","start":3810.046,"end":3810.095},{"text":"2006,","start":3810.466,"end":3811.66},{"text":"and","start":3813.57,"end":3813.683},{"text":"of","start":3813.683,"end":3813.814},{"text":"which","start":3813.927,"end":3814.22},{"text":"the","start":3814.497,"end":3814.724},{"text":"GA","start":3814.724,"end":3815.066},{"text":"took","start":3815.31,"end":3815.489},{"text":"note","start":3815.619,"end":3816.026},{"text":"in","start":3816.449,"end":3816.53},{"text":"Resolution","start":3816.595,"end":3817.295},{"text":"62/70.","start":3817.685,"end":3818.205}]},{"text":"We reiterate that diplomatic protection is of paramount importance in relations among states.","start":3823.162,"end":3829.038,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3823.162,"end":3823.339},{"text":"reiterate","start":3823.339,"end":3824.127},{"text":"that","start":3824.143,"end":3824.385},{"text":"diplomatic","start":3824.385,"end":3825.044},{"text":"protection","start":3825.108,"end":3825.72},{"text":"is","start":3825.897,"end":3826.009},{"text":"of","start":3826.009,"end":3826.154},{"text":"paramount","start":3826.218,"end":3826.717},{"text":"importance","start":3826.717,"end":3827.441},{"text":"in","start":3827.441,"end":3827.586},{"text":"relations","start":3827.586,"end":3828.134},{"text":"among","start":3828.231,"end":3828.457},{"text":"states.","start":3828.554,"end":3829.038}]},{"text":"It entrenches a fundamental international law principle, namely the state's protection of the rights of its nationals in the event of an injury caused by an internationally wrongful act in another state.","start":3829.522,"end":3842.034,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3829.522,"end":3829.683},{"text":"entrenches","start":3829.683,"end":3830.313},{"text":"a","start":3830.426,"end":3830.442},{"text":"fundamental","start":3830.442,"end":3831.361},{"text":"international","start":3831.394,"end":3832.233},{"text":"law","start":3832.265,"end":3832.475},{"text":"principle,","start":3832.507,"end":3833.185},{"text":"namely","start":3833.556,"end":3833.991},{"text":"the","start":3834.056,"end":3834.137},{"text":"state's","start":3834.137,"end":3834.492},{"text":"protection","start":3834.605,"end":3835.153},{"text":"of","start":3835.25,"end":3835.298},{"text":"the","start":3835.347,"end":3835.428},{"text":"rights","start":3835.492,"end":3835.831},{"text":"of","start":3835.831,"end":3835.928},{"text":"its","start":3836.008,"end":3836.234},{"text":"nationals","start":3836.234,"end":3836.847},{"text":"in","start":3836.96,"end":3837.041},{"text":"the","start":3837.041,"end":3837.106},{"text":"event","start":3837.106,"end":3837.508},{"text":"of","start":3837.508,"end":3837.685},{"text":"an","start":3837.685,"end":3837.846},{"text":"injury","start":3837.846,"end":3838.33},{"text":"caused","start":3838.33,"end":3838.781},{"text":"by","start":3838.877,"end":3839.006},{"text":"an","start":3839.054,"end":3839.103},{"text":"internationally","start":3839.216,"end":3839.94},{"text":"wrongful","start":3839.94,"end":3840.52},{"text":"act","start":3840.649,"end":3841.052},{"text":"in","start":3841.068,"end":3841.213},{"text":"another","start":3841.213,"end":3841.535},{"text":"state.","start":3841.535,"end":3842.034}]},{"text":"Within the limits of the international legal regime, in accordance with the principle of sovereign equality of states.","start":3842.92,"end":3850.008,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction-safeguards","label":"Universal Jurisdiction Safeguards","description":"Statements addressed the conditions and limits for exercising universal jurisdiction, including respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, immunities, and non-interference. Speakers also referred to requirements such as the presence of the accused, consultation with relevant states, and avoiding politicized or selective use."}],"words":[{"text":"Within","start":3842.92,"end":3843.129},{"text":"the","start":3843.242,"end":3843.387},{"text":"limits","start":3843.387,"end":3843.741},{"text":"of","start":3843.886,"end":3843.967},{"text":"the","start":3843.967,"end":3844.096},{"text":"international","start":3844.112,"end":3845.03},{"text":"legal","start":3845.094,"end":3845.481},{"text":"regime,","start":3845.481,"end":3846.061},{"text":"in","start":3846.473,"end":3846.569},{"text":"accordance","start":3846.569,"end":3847.196},{"text":"with","start":3847.196,"end":3847.357},{"text":"the","start":3847.357,"end":3847.517},{"text":"principle","start":3847.517,"end":3848.144},{"text":"of","start":3848.144,"end":3848.208},{"text":"sovereign","start":3848.24,"end":3848.674},{"text":"equality","start":3848.803,"end":3849.333},{"text":"of","start":3849.462,"end":3849.542},{"text":"states.","start":3849.542,"end":3850.008}]},{"text":"Chair, diplomatic protection must be aligned with international law and the Charter of the United Nations without politicization or selectivity.","start":3850.731,"end":3864.464,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction-safeguards","label":"Universal Jurisdiction Safeguards","description":"Statements addressed the conditions and limits for exercising universal jurisdiction, including respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, immunities, and non-interference. Speakers also referred to requirements such as the presence of the accused, consultation with relevant states, and avoiding politicized or selective use."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":3850.731,"end":3851.069},{"text":"diplomatic","start":3852.564,"end":3853.287},{"text":"protection","start":3853.287,"end":3853.994},{"text":"must","start":3854.412,"end":3854.653},{"text":"be","start":3854.669,"end":3854.733},{"text":"aligned","start":3854.813,"end":3855.312},{"text":"with","start":3855.312,"end":3855.538},{"text":"international","start":3855.538,"end":3856.444},{"text":"law","start":3856.444,"end":3856.541},{"text":"and","start":3858.853,"end":3858.95},{"text":"the","start":3858.95,"end":3859.095},{"text":"Charter","start":3859.095,"end":3859.581},{"text":"of","start":3859.678,"end":3859.823},{"text":"the","start":3859.823,"end":3859.904},{"text":"United","start":3859.904,"end":3860.405},{"text":"Nations","start":3860.405,"end":3860.939},{"text":"without","start":3861.537,"end":3862.2},{"text":"politicization","start":3862.265,"end":3863.364},{"text":"or","start":3863.558,"end":3863.655},{"text":"selectivity.","start":3863.736,"end":3864.464}]},{"text":"We regret some practices where diplomatic protection is instrumentalized to exert political pressure on other states, including arbitrary detention and politicized judgments.","start":3867.798,"end":3881.3,"topics":[{"key":"universal-jurisdiction-safeguards","label":"Universal Jurisdiction Safeguards","description":"Statements addressed the conditions and limits for exercising universal jurisdiction, including respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, immunities, and non-interference. Speakers also referred to requirements such as the presence of the accused, consultation with relevant states, and avoiding politicized or selective use."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3867.798,"end":3867.976},{"text":"regret","start":3867.976,"end":3868.479},{"text":"some","start":3868.625,"end":3868.868},{"text":"practices","start":3869.095,"end":3869.89},{"text":"where","start":3870.425,"end":3870.717},{"text":"diplomatic","start":3870.717,"end":3871.382},{"text":"protection","start":3871.382,"end":3871.999},{"text":"is","start":3872.193,"end":3872.242},{"text":"instrumentalized","start":3872.437,"end":3873.539},{"text":"to","start":3873.844,"end":3873.973},{"text":"exert","start":3874.07,"end":3874.491},{"text":"political","start":3874.572,"end":3875.186},{"text":"pressure","start":3875.202,"end":3875.477},{"text":"on","start":3875.704,"end":3875.752},{"text":"other","start":3875.93,"end":3876.108},{"text":"states,","start":3876.108,"end":3876.836},{"text":"including","start":3877.063,"end":3877.612},{"text":"arbitrary","start":3877.871,"end":3878.599},{"text":"detention","start":3878.599,"end":3879.198},{"text":"and","start":3879.408,"end":3879.602},{"text":"politicized","start":3879.667,"end":3880.556},{"text":"judgments.","start":3880.702,"end":3881.3}]},{"text":"These practices run counter to the spirit of justice and international law.","start":3881.915,"end":3886.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":3881.915,"end":3882.142},{"text":"practices","start":3882.239,"end":3882.87},{"text":"run","start":3883,"end":3883.178},{"text":"counter","start":3883.308,"end":3883.796},{"text":"to","start":3883.796,"end":3883.926},{"text":"the","start":3883.943,"end":3884.04},{"text":"spirit","start":3884.04,"end":3884.528},{"text":"of","start":3884.528,"end":3884.772},{"text":"justice","start":3884.772,"end":3885.146},{"text":"and","start":3885.406,"end":3885.569},{"text":"international","start":3885.569,"end":3886.316},{"text":"law.","start":3886.316,"end":3886.43}]},{"text":"Diplomatic protection is closely linked to the state's responsibility for internationally wrongful acts.","start":3890.356,"end":3896.865,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"Diplomatic","start":3890.356,"end":3891.081},{"text":"protection","start":3891.081,"end":3891.613},{"text":"is","start":3891.79,"end":3891.854},{"text":"closely","start":3891.951,"end":3892.499},{"text":"linked","start":3892.515,"end":3892.821},{"text":"to","start":3892.918,"end":3893.03},{"text":"the","start":3893.03,"end":3893.159},{"text":"state's","start":3893.159,"end":3893.643},{"text":"responsibility","start":3893.643,"end":3894.593},{"text":"for","start":3894.642,"end":3894.9},{"text":"internationally","start":3895.029,"end":3895.963},{"text":"wrongful","start":3895.995,"end":3896.543},{"text":"acts.","start":3896.543,"end":3896.865}]},{"text":"We call on the Sixth Committee to harmonize both sets of draft articles, thus contributing to the development and codification of international law.","start":3898.67,"end":3909.294,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3898.67,"end":3898.788},{"text":"call","start":3898.788,"end":3899.127},{"text":"on","start":3899.28,"end":3899.331},{"text":"the","start":3899.382,"end":3899.483},{"text":"Sixth","start":3899.483,"end":3900.026},{"text":"Committee","start":3900.127,"end":3900.449},{"text":"to","start":3900.866,"end":3901.011},{"text":"harmonize","start":3901.027,"end":3901.656},{"text":"both","start":3901.93,"end":3902.252},{"text":"sets","start":3902.397,"end":3902.8},{"text":"of","start":3902.8,"end":3902.945},{"text":"draft","start":3903.042,"end":3903.445},{"text":"articles,","start":3903.525,"end":3904.154},{"text":"thus","start":3904.766,"end":3905.024},{"text":"contributing","start":3905.072,"end":3905.846},{"text":"to","start":3905.975,"end":3906.088},{"text":"the","start":3906.12,"end":3906.281},{"text":"development","start":3906.281,"end":3907.071},{"text":"and","start":3907.151,"end":3907.296},{"text":"codification","start":3907.328,"end":3908.183},{"text":"of","start":3908.36,"end":3908.473},{"text":"international","start":3908.473,"end":3909.246},{"text":"law.","start":3909.246,"end":3909.294}]},{"text":"On the potential elaboration of a convention based on draft articles on diplomatic protection, despite the important codification and progressive development of international law, The adoption of this convention does not enjoy broad consensus at this stage.","start":3911.271,"end":3932.557,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. 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Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":4042.793,"end":4042.857},{"text":"many","start":4042.889,"end":4043.082},{"text":"other","start":4043.13,"end":4043.29},{"text":"delegations","start":4043.29,"end":4043.836},{"text":"have","start":4043.836,"end":4043.933},{"text":"noted,","start":4043.949,"end":4044.302},{"text":"this","start":4044.896,"end":4045.057},{"text":"topic","start":4045.057,"end":4045.394},{"text":"is","start":4045.394,"end":4045.506},{"text":"closely","start":4045.603,"end":4045.876},{"text":"tied","start":4045.94,"end":4046.181},{"text":"to","start":4046.181,"end":4046.277},{"text":"the","start":4046.277,"end":4046.421},{"text":"topic","start":4046.421,"end":4046.743},{"text":"of","start":4046.743,"end":4046.871},{"text":"State","start":4046.887,"end":4047.096},{"text":"responsibility","start":4047.144,"end":4048.075},{"text":"for","start":4048.188,"end":4048.348},{"text":"internationally","start":4048.348,"end":4049.039},{"text":"wrongful","start":4049.055,"end":4049.472},{"text":"acts.","start":4049.472,"end":4049.793}]},{"text":"There is therefore utility that any future action on this topic should track the developments on that topic.","start":4050.741,"end":4055.253,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. 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responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":4050.741,"end":4050.853},{"text":"is","start":4050.901,"end":4050.965},{"text":"therefore","start":4050.998,"end":4051.351},{"text":"utility","start":4051.383,"end":4051.865},{"text":"that","start":4051.865,"end":4051.977},{"text":"any","start":4052.041,"end":4052.25},{"text":"future","start":4052.266,"end":4052.523},{"text":"action","start":4052.587,"end":4052.844},{"text":"on","start":4052.844,"end":4052.892},{"text":"this","start":4052.924,"end":4053.085},{"text":"topic","start":4053.085,"end":4053.326},{"text":"should","start":4053.326,"end":4053.535},{"text":"track","start":4053.551,"end":4053.807},{"text":"the","start":4053.807,"end":4053.952},{"text":"developments","start":4053.952,"end":4054.45},{"text":"on","start":4054.45,"end":4054.498},{"text":"that","start":4054.61,"end":4054.771},{"text":"topic.","start":4054.771,"end":4055.253}]},{"text":"Thank you very much for your attention.","start":4056.039,"end":4057.019,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4056.039,"end":4056.152},{"text":"you","start":4056.152,"end":4056.216},{"text":"very","start":4056.216,"end":4056.328},{"text":"much","start":4056.328,"end":4056.505},{"text":"for","start":4056.537,"end":4056.682},{"text":"your","start":4056.682,"end":4056.762},{"text":"attention.","start":4056.762,"end":4057.019}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"SGP","affiliation_full":"Singapore","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":37,"start":4059.415,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=4060","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank the distinguished representative of Singapore for his statement.","start":4059.415,"end":4062.616,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4059.415,"end":4059.592},{"text":"the","start":4059.721,"end":4059.85},{"text":"distinguished","start":4059.978,"end":4060.461},{"text":"representative","start":4060.461,"end":4061.185},{"text":"of","start":4061.185,"end":4061.313},{"text":"Singapore","start":4061.33,"end":4061.893},{"text":"for","start":4061.893,"end":4062.005},{"text":"his","start":4062.005,"end":4062.118},{"text":"statement.","start":4062.15,"end":4062.616}]},{"text":"I call on the distinguished representative of Türkiye.","start":4062.729,"end":4065.48,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4062.729,"end":4062.777},{"text":"call","start":4062.777,"end":4062.97},{"text":"on","start":4063.035,"end":4063.18},{"text":"the","start":4063.18,"end":4063.356},{"text":"distinguished","start":4063.356,"end":4063.903},{"text":"representative","start":4063.903,"end":4064.643},{"text":"of","start":4064.643,"end":4064.772},{"text":"Türkiye.","start":4065.206,"end":4065.48}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":38,"start":4069.31,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=4070","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":4069.31,"end":4069.665,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4069.31,"end":4069.423},{"text":"you,","start":4069.423,"end":4069.471},{"text":"Chair.","start":4069.487,"end":4069.665}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"At the outset, we would like to thank the Secretary-General for the report on diplomatic protection, A/80/280, containing the comments and information received from the governments.","start":4070.78,"end":4082.965,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":4070.78,"end":4070.958},{"text":"the","start":4070.958,"end":4071.201},{"text":"outset,","start":4071.265,"end":4071.734},{"text":"we","start":4071.766,"end":4071.847},{"text":"would","start":4071.847,"end":4072.074},{"text":"like","start":4072.074,"end":4072.251},{"text":"to","start":4072.251,"end":4072.381},{"text":"thank","start":4072.413,"end":4072.72},{"text":"the","start":4072.72,"end":4072.833},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":4072.833,"end":4073.997},{"text":"for","start":4074.03,"end":4074.304},{"text":"the","start":4074.417,"end":4074.514},{"text":"report","start":4074.514,"end":4074.999},{"text":"on","start":4074.999,"end":4075.129},{"text":"diplomatic","start":4075.21,"end":4075.742},{"text":"protection,","start":4075.806,"end":4076.499},{"text":"A/80/280,","start":4077.08,"end":4079.321},{"text":"containing","start":4079.418,"end":4079.966},{"text":"the","start":4080.063,"end":4080.256},{"text":"comments","start":4080.401,"end":4080.756},{"text":"and","start":4080.869,"end":4080.95},{"text":"information","start":4081.046,"end":4081.723},{"text":"received","start":4081.756,"end":4082.239},{"text":"from","start":4082.239,"end":4082.497},{"text":"the","start":4082.497,"end":4082.578},{"text":"governments.","start":4082.578,"end":4082.965}]},{"text":"The Assembly has had this item on the agenda triennially since the—","start":4084.193,"end":4088.265,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4084.193,"end":4084.257},{"text":"Assembly","start":4084.274,"end":4084.791},{"text":"has","start":4084.839,"end":4084.985},{"text":"had","start":4085.098,"end":4085.276},{"text":"this","start":4085.405,"end":4085.647},{"text":"item","start":4085.647,"end":4085.987},{"text":"on","start":4085.987,"end":4086.116},{"text":"the","start":4086.148,"end":4086.213},{"text":"agenda","start":4086.213,"end":4086.794},{"text":"triennially","start":4086.794,"end":4087.489},{"text":"since","start":4087.699,"end":4088.087},{"text":"the—","start":4088.087,"end":4088.265}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"since the 62nd session.","start":4088.734,"end":4090.802,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"since","start":4088.734,"end":4089.041},{"text":"the","start":4089.041,"end":4089.138},{"text":"62nd","start":4089.461,"end":4090.204},{"text":"session.","start":4090.204,"end":4090.802}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"The diverging views between the states were reflected in the written comments by states as well as in the debates before the committee.","start":4091.416,"end":4099.168,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4091.416,"end":4091.497},{"text":"diverging","start":4091.545,"end":4092.095},{"text":"views","start":4092.127,"end":4092.418},{"text":"between","start":4092.772,"end":4093.142},{"text":"the","start":4093.238,"end":4093.27},{"text":"states","start":4093.27,"end":4093.817},{"text":"were","start":4093.817,"end":4093.961},{"text":"reflected","start":4093.978,"end":4094.556},{"text":"in","start":4094.604,"end":4094.701},{"text":"the","start":4094.701,"end":4094.781},{"text":"written","start":4094.781,"end":4095.151},{"text":"comments","start":4095.183,"end":4095.617},{"text":"by","start":4095.665,"end":4095.842},{"text":"states","start":4095.842,"end":4096.324},{"text":"as","start":4096.549,"end":4096.677},{"text":"well","start":4096.725,"end":4097.015},{"text":"as","start":4097.095,"end":4097.288},{"text":"in","start":4097.513,"end":4097.561},{"text":"the","start":4097.657,"end":4097.706},{"text":"debates","start":4097.738,"end":4098.236},{"text":"before","start":4098.236,"end":4098.509},{"text":"the","start":4098.557,"end":4098.702},{"text":"committee.","start":4098.702,"end":4099.168}]},{"text":"In this regard, we have taken note of various views expressed in the Secretary-General's most recent report.","start":4100.164,"end":4106.783,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4100.164,"end":4100.245},{"text":"this","start":4100.245,"end":4100.47},{"text":"regard,","start":4100.47,"end":4100.871},{"text":"we","start":4100.887,"end":4101.032},{"text":"have","start":4101.032,"end":4101.177},{"text":"taken","start":4101.209,"end":4101.578},{"text":"note","start":4101.595,"end":4101.852},{"text":"of","start":4101.852,"end":4101.983},{"text":"various","start":4102.081,"end":4102.522},{"text":"views","start":4102.913,"end":4103.207},{"text":"expressed","start":4103.322,"end":4103.877},{"text":"in","start":4103.959,"end":4104.056},{"text":"the","start":4104.056,"end":4104.138},{"text":"Secretary-General's","start":4104.22,"end":4105.51},{"text":"most","start":4105.51,"end":4105.722},{"text":"recent","start":4105.771,"end":4106.326},{"text":"report.","start":4106.326,"end":4106.783}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, Türkiye wishes to express its sincere appreciation to the International Law Commission for its contribution to international law.","start":4108.3,"end":4116.86,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":4108.3,"end":4108.498},{"text":"Chair,","start":4108.565,"end":4108.763},{"text":"Türkiye","start":4108.896,"end":4109.36},{"text":"wishes","start":4109.41,"end":4109.708},{"text":"to","start":4109.741,"end":4109.89},{"text":"express","start":4109.89,"end":4110.354},{"text":"its","start":4110.487,"end":4110.603},{"text":"sincere","start":4110.649,"end":4111.162},{"text":"appreciation","start":4111.162,"end":4111.932},{"text":"to","start":4112.045,"end":4112.173},{"text":"the","start":4112.189,"end":4112.446},{"text":"International","start":4112.542,"end":4113.249},{"text":"Law","start":4113.249,"end":4113.345},{"text":"Commission","start":4113.473,"end":4114.019},{"text":"for","start":4114.131,"end":4114.26},{"text":"its","start":4114.372,"end":4114.484},{"text":"contribution","start":4114.533,"end":4115.383},{"text":"to","start":4115.656,"end":4115.897},{"text":"international","start":4115.977,"end":4116.715},{"text":"law.","start":4116.715,"end":4116.86}]},{"text":"As regards the work on diplomatic protection, Türkiye noted the previous exchange of views as to overcome the challenges encountered and identifying any differences of opinion on the articles.","start":4117.823,"end":4130.872,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":4117.823,"end":4117.871},{"text":"regards","start":4117.967,"end":4118.352},{"text":"the","start":4118.465,"end":4118.625},{"text":"work","start":4118.625,"end":4118.946},{"text":"on","start":4119.011,"end":4119.155},{"text":"diplomatic","start":4119.412,"end":4120.054},{"text":"protection,","start":4120.07,"end":4120.84},{"text":"Türkiye","start":4121.274,"end":4121.691},{"text":"noted","start":4121.691,"end":4122.172},{"text":"the","start":4122.172,"end":4122.381},{"text":"previous","start":4122.381,"end":4122.798},{"text":"exchange","start":4122.798,"end":4123.28},{"text":"of","start":4123.28,"end":4123.408},{"text":"views","start":4123.601,"end":4123.729},{"text":"as","start":4123.986,"end":4124.05},{"text":"to","start":4124.147,"end":4124.211},{"text":"overcome","start":4124.307,"end":4124.772},{"text":"the","start":4124.885,"end":4124.917},{"text":"challenges","start":4125.029,"end":4125.575},{"text":"encountered","start":4125.768,"end":4126.474},{"text":"and","start":4126.49,"end":4126.554},{"text":"identifying","start":4126.795,"end":4127.902},{"text":"any","start":4128.32,"end":4128.496},{"text":"differences","start":4128.496,"end":4129.026},{"text":"of","start":4129.138,"end":4129.234},{"text":"opinion","start":4129.363,"end":4129.828},{"text":"on","start":4130.005,"end":4130.053},{"text":"the","start":4130.101,"end":4130.181},{"text":"articles.","start":4130.342,"end":4130.872}]},{"text":"Like others, Türkiye considers that the fate of the articles on diplomatic diplomatic protection is closely linked to the fate of the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts.","start":4132.172,"end":4145.175,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"Like","start":4132.172,"end":4132.412},{"text":"others,","start":4132.412,"end":4132.717},{"text":"Türkiye","start":4133.07,"end":4133.439},{"text":"considers","start":4133.456,"end":4134.001},{"text":"that","start":4134.033,"end":4134.21},{"text":"the","start":4134.258,"end":4134.354},{"text":"fate","start":4134.354,"end":4134.675},{"text":"of","start":4134.675,"end":4134.804},{"text":"the","start":4134.836,"end":4134.916},{"text":"articles","start":4134.98,"end":4135.446},{"text":"on","start":4135.542,"end":4135.59},{"text":"diplomatic","start":4135.703,"end":4136.441},{"text":"diplomatic","start":4136.33,"end":4136.554},{"text":"protection","start":4136.554,"end":4136.971},{"text":"is","start":4137.003,"end":4137.051},{"text":"closely","start":4137.163,"end":4137.644},{"text":"linked","start":4137.708,"end":4138.14},{"text":"to","start":4138.188,"end":4138.253},{"text":"the","start":4138.285,"end":4138.365},{"text":"fate","start":4138.429,"end":4138.685},{"text":"of","start":4138.685,"end":4138.813},{"text":"the","start":4139.823,"end":4139.903},{"text":"draft","start":4139.967,"end":4140.288},{"text":"articles","start":4140.288,"end":4140.736},{"text":"on","start":4140.929,"end":4141.137},{"text":"responsibility","start":4141.474,"end":4142.291},{"text":"of","start":4142.291,"end":4142.419},{"text":"states","start":4142.451,"end":4142.916},{"text":"for","start":4142.916,"end":4143.044},{"text":"internationally","start":4143.236,"end":4144.118},{"text":"wrongful","start":4144.294,"end":4144.759},{"text":"acts.","start":4144.839,"end":4145.175}]},{"text":"The close link between the articles was also acknowledged in the commentaries by the ILC on the diplomatic protection.","start":4145.896,"end":4155.127,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4145.896,"end":4145.977},{"text":"close","start":4146.057,"end":4146.345},{"text":"link","start":4146.441,"end":4146.858},{"text":"between","start":4146.858,"end":4147.195},{"text":"the","start":4147.483,"end":4147.627},{"text":"articles","start":4147.643,"end":4148.188},{"text":"was","start":4148.22,"end":4148.396},{"text":"also","start":4148.685,"end":4148.925},{"text":"acknowledged","start":4149.021,"end":4149.63},{"text":"in","start":4149.903,"end":4149.983},{"text":"the","start":4149.983,"end":4150.063},{"text":"commentaries","start":4150.063,"end":4150.592},{"text":"by","start":4151.585,"end":4151.81},{"text":"the","start":4151.81,"end":4151.89},{"text":"ILC","start":4151.97,"end":4152.531},{"text":"on","start":4152.691,"end":4152.835},{"text":"the","start":4152.867,"end":4153.124},{"text":"diplomatic","start":4153.893,"end":4154.406},{"text":"protection.","start":4154.454,"end":4155.127}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Due to this close link between these two topics, this delegation believes it's premature to discuss the articles related to diplomatic protection.","start":4156.553,"end":4167.533,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"Due","start":4156.553,"end":4156.794},{"text":"to","start":4156.794,"end":4157.05},{"text":"this","start":4157.499,"end":4157.627},{"text":"close","start":4157.739,"end":4157.963},{"text":"link","start":4158.076,"end":4158.38},{"text":"between","start":4158.781,"end":4159.085},{"text":"these","start":4159.117,"end":4159.245},{"text":"two","start":4159.422,"end":4159.678},{"text":"topics,","start":4159.678,"end":4160.239},{"text":"this","start":4160.624,"end":4160.688},{"text":"delegation","start":4160.784,"end":4161.329},{"text":"believes","start":4161.425,"end":4161.729},{"text":"it's","start":4161.987,"end":4162.116},{"text":"premature","start":4162.488,"end":4163.232},{"text":"to","start":4163.296,"end":4163.442},{"text":"discuss","start":4163.442,"end":4163.862},{"text":"the","start":4163.862,"end":4164.089},{"text":"articles","start":4164.105,"end":4164.557},{"text":"related","start":4164.671,"end":4165.123},{"text":"to","start":4166.126,"end":4166.255},{"text":"diplomatic","start":4166.288,"end":4166.87},{"text":"protection.","start":4166.918,"end":4167.533}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"In view of differences among the member states on the future of the draft articles and of the importance of reaching any decision on the basis of consensus, this delegation expresses its preference to continue the discussions at a later session.","start":4168.778,"end":4184.5,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. 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Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4168.778,"end":4168.842},{"text":"view","start":4168.875,"end":4169.004},{"text":"of","start":4169.117,"end":4169.327},{"text":"differences","start":4169.424,"end":4169.893},{"text":"among","start":4170.071,"end":4170.298},{"text":"the","start":4170.411,"end":4170.475},{"text":"member","start":4170.475,"end":4170.815},{"text":"states","start":4170.815,"end":4171.252},{"text":"on","start":4171.316,"end":4171.365},{"text":"the","start":4171.43,"end":4171.526},{"text":"future","start":4171.526,"end":4171.944},{"text":"of","start":4172.009,"end":4172.154},{"text":"the","start":4172.25,"end":4172.347},{"text":"draft","start":4172.347,"end":4172.749},{"text":"articles","start":4172.813,"end":4173.28},{"text":"and","start":4173.618,"end":4173.682},{"text":"of","start":4173.875,"end":4174.004},{"text":"the","start":4174.036,"end":4174.197},{"text":"importance","start":4174.197,"end":4174.954},{"text":"of","start":4175.147,"end":4175.227},{"text":"reaching","start":4175.324,"end":4175.613},{"text":"any","start":4175.807,"end":4175.967},{"text":"decision","start":4175.967,"end":4176.643},{"text":"on","start":4176.836,"end":4176.885},{"text":"the","start":4176.917,"end":4177.013},{"text":"basis","start":4177.013,"end":4177.48},{"text":"of","start":4177.48,"end":4177.625},{"text":"consensus,","start":4177.641,"end":4178.333},{"text":"this","start":4179.07,"end":4179.151},{"text":"delegation","start":4179.183,"end":4179.961},{"text":"expresses","start":4180.074,"end":4180.69},{"text":"its","start":4180.869,"end":4180.982},{"text":"preference","start":4181.047,"end":4181.728},{"text":"to","start":4181.776,"end":4181.858},{"text":"continue","start":4181.858,"end":4182.425},{"text":"the","start":4182.49,"end":4182.538},{"text":"discussions","start":4182.571,"end":4183.365},{"text":"at","start":4183.478,"end":4183.641},{"text":"a","start":4183.641,"end":4183.657},{"text":"later","start":4183.705,"end":4184.046},{"text":"session.","start":4184.046,"end":4184.5}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":4185.002,"end":4185.521,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4185.002,"end":4185.099},{"text":"thank","start":4185.099,"end":4185.343},{"text":"you.","start":4185.343,"end":4185.521}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"TUR","affiliation_full":"Türkiye","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":39,"start":4187.35,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=4188","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Türkiye for her statement.","start":4187.35,"end":4190.889,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4187.35,"end":4187.382},{"text":"thank","start":4187.463,"end":4187.706},{"text":"the","start":4187.706,"end":4187.901},{"text":"distinguished","start":4188.014,"end":4188.517},{"text":"representative","start":4188.517,"end":4189.246},{"text":"of","start":4189.246,"end":4189.327},{"text":"Türkiye","start":4189.408,"end":4189.895},{"text":"for","start":4189.959,"end":4190.105},{"text":"her","start":4190.138,"end":4190.397},{"text":"statement.","start":4190.63,"end":4190.889}]},{"text":"I call on the distinguished representative of the Russian Federation.","start":4191.539,"end":4195.207,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4191.539,"end":4191.717},{"text":"call","start":4192.123,"end":4192.318},{"text":"on","start":4192.431,"end":4192.496},{"text":"the","start":4192.529,"end":4192.626},{"text":"distinguished","start":4192.626,"end":4193.162},{"text":"representative","start":4193.162,"end":4193.811},{"text":"of","start":4193.892,"end":4193.957},{"text":"the","start":4194.071,"end":4194.314},{"text":"Russian","start":4194.379,"end":4194.607},{"text":"Federation.","start":4194.72,"end":4195.207}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":40,"start":4203.33,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=4204","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chairman.","start":4203.33,"end":4204.873,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4203.33,"end":4203.651},{"text":"you,","start":4203.651,"end":4203.796},{"text":"Mr.","start":4203.828,"end":4204.214},{"text":"Chairman.","start":4204.31,"end":4204.873}]},{"text":"We'd like to thank the Secretary-General for compiling the commentaries of states on the ILC draft articles on diplomatic protection and also any future measures regarding these articles particularly drafting a convention based on them.","start":4204.937,"end":4221.6,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"We'd","start":4204.937,"end":4205.098},{"text":"like","start":4205.098,"end":4205.21},{"text":"to","start":4205.21,"end":4205.355},{"text":"thank","start":4205.355,"end":4205.612},{"text":"the","start":4205.66,"end":4205.74},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":4205.74,"end":4206.576},{"text":"for","start":4207.042,"end":4207.46},{"text":"compiling","start":4207.508,"end":4208.054},{"text":"the","start":4208.086,"end":4208.167},{"text":"commentaries","start":4208.167,"end":4208.938},{"text":"of","start":4209.115,"end":4209.34},{"text":"states","start":4209.436,"end":4210.175},{"text":"on","start":4210.32,"end":4210.513},{"text":"the","start":4210.641,"end":4210.834},{"text":"ILC","start":4211.043,"end":4211.606},{"text":"draft","start":4211.606,"end":4211.944},{"text":"articles","start":4212.089,"end":4212.604},{"text":"on","start":4212.974,"end":4213.022},{"text":"diplomatic","start":4213.071,"end":4213.698},{"text":"protection","start":4213.698,"end":4214.487},{"text":"and","start":4215.147,"end":4215.292},{"text":"also","start":4215.324,"end":4215.614},{"text":"any","start":4215.63,"end":4215.791},{"text":"future","start":4215.791,"end":4216.21},{"text":"measures","start":4216.21,"end":4216.661},{"text":"regarding","start":4216.773,"end":4217.24},{"text":"these","start":4217.321,"end":4217.466},{"text":"articles","start":4217.643,"end":4218.11},{"text":"particularly","start":4218.583,"end":4219.112},{"text":"drafting","start":4219.546,"end":4219.947},{"text":"a","start":4220.091,"end":4220.107},{"text":"convention","start":4220.171,"end":4220.733},{"text":"based","start":4220.749,"end":4221.086},{"text":"on","start":4221.215,"end":4221.359},{"text":"them.","start":4221.391,"end":4221.6}]},{"text":"In the context of intensive global migration and increased tourism, the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of individuals and legal persons has become a matter of paramount importance for states.","start":4222.418,"end":4237.183,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4222.418,"end":4222.691},{"text":"the","start":4222.771,"end":4222.916},{"text":"context","start":4222.916,"end":4223.622},{"text":"of","start":4223.718,"end":4224.007},{"text":"intensive","start":4224.12,"end":4224.906},{"text":"global","start":4224.906,"end":4225.307},{"text":"migration","start":4225.307,"end":4226.045},{"text":"and","start":4226.045,"end":4226.254},{"text":"increased","start":4226.35,"end":4226.768},{"text":"tourism,","start":4226.832,"end":4227.458},{"text":"the","start":4227.891,"end":4228.035},{"text":"protection","start":4228.035,"end":4228.453},{"text":"of","start":4228.453,"end":4228.533},{"text":"the","start":4228.533,"end":4228.613},{"text":"legitimate","start":4228.613,"end":4229.063},{"text":"rights","start":4229.159,"end":4229.416},{"text":"and","start":4229.416,"end":4229.624},{"text":"interests","start":4229.64,"end":4230.042},{"text":"of","start":4230.042,"end":4230.122},{"text":"individuals","start":4230.122,"end":4230.668},{"text":"and","start":4230.764,"end":4230.86},{"text":"legal","start":4230.86,"end":4231.149},{"text":"persons","start":4231.245,"end":4231.791},{"text":"has","start":4232.224,"end":4232.433},{"text":"become","start":4232.449,"end":4232.979},{"text":"a","start":4233.171,"end":4233.3},{"text":"matter","start":4234.214,"end":4235.017},{"text":"of","start":4235.033,"end":4235.161},{"text":"paramount","start":4235.177,"end":4235.739},{"text":"importance","start":4235.739,"end":4236.397},{"text":"for","start":4236.397,"end":4236.558},{"text":"states.","start":4236.558,"end":4237.183}]},{"text":"An increasing number of individuals find themselves outside the state of their nationality for their studies, for employment, for medical treatment or other reasons.","start":4237.681,"end":4248.483,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"An","start":4237.681,"end":4237.761},{"text":"increasing","start":4237.761,"end":4238.211},{"text":"number","start":4238.323,"end":4238.564},{"text":"of","start":4238.564,"end":4238.708},{"text":"individuals","start":4238.708,"end":4239.414},{"text":"find","start":4239.527,"end":4239.687},{"text":"themselves","start":4239.687,"end":4240.136},{"text":"outside","start":4240.313,"end":4240.891},{"text":"the","start":4240.891,"end":4240.971},{"text":"state","start":4240.971,"end":4241.388},{"text":"of","start":4241.388,"end":4241.517},{"text":"their","start":4241.517,"end":4241.629},{"text":"nationality","start":4241.629,"end":4242.464},{"text":"for","start":4243.041,"end":4243.234},{"text":"their","start":4243.234,"end":4243.378},{"text":"studies,","start":4243.378,"end":4243.988},{"text":"for","start":4244.101,"end":4244.181},{"text":"employment,","start":4244.181,"end":4244.357},{"text":"for","start":4244.887,"end":4245.064},{"text":"medical","start":4245.064,"end":4245.722},{"text":"treatment","start":4245.947,"end":4246.412},{"text":"or","start":4246.412,"end":4246.605},{"text":"other","start":4246.653,"end":4246.894},{"text":"reasons.","start":4247.777,"end":4248.483}]},{"text":"Legal persons are furthermore active participants in international cooperation.","start":4249.141,"end":4253.781,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Legal","start":4249.141,"end":4249.462},{"text":"persons","start":4249.543,"end":4250.169},{"text":"are","start":4250.426,"end":4250.698},{"text":"furthermore","start":4250.747,"end":4251.341},{"text":"active","start":4251.389,"end":4251.646},{"text":"participants","start":4251.646,"end":4252.304},{"text":"in","start":4252.304,"end":4252.416},{"text":"international","start":4252.528,"end":4253.058},{"text":"cooperation.","start":4253.09,"end":4253.781}]},{"text":"The institution of diplomatic protection has a longstanding history.","start":4254.214,"end":4258.436,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4254.214,"end":4254.455},{"text":"institution","start":4254.455,"end":4255.306},{"text":"of","start":4255.402,"end":4255.514},{"text":"diplomatic","start":4255.514,"end":4256.156},{"text":"protection","start":4256.221,"end":4256.911},{"text":"has","start":4256.943,"end":4257.152},{"text":"a","start":4257.184,"end":4257.248},{"text":"longstanding","start":4257.264,"end":4257.938},{"text":"history.","start":4258.051,"end":4258.436}]},{"text":"To date, a substantial body of state practice has been accumulated in the area covered by the ILC articles.","start":4259.014,"end":4265.821,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":4259.014,"end":4259.174},{"text":"date,","start":4259.191,"end":4259.56},{"text":"a","start":4259.608,"end":4259.624},{"text":"substantial","start":4259.672,"end":4260.282},{"text":"body","start":4260.378,"end":4260.635},{"text":"of","start":4260.635,"end":4260.716},{"text":"state","start":4260.716,"end":4261.005},{"text":"practice","start":4261.101,"end":4261.663},{"text":"has","start":4261.984,"end":4262.144},{"text":"been","start":4262.144,"end":4262.209},{"text":"accumulated","start":4262.305,"end":4263.011},{"text":"in","start":4263.108,"end":4263.204},{"text":"the","start":4263.204,"end":4263.284},{"text":"area","start":4263.429,"end":4263.846},{"text":"covered","start":4263.846,"end":4264.135},{"text":"by","start":4264.167,"end":4264.328},{"text":"the","start":4264.328,"end":4264.472},{"text":"ILC","start":4264.809,"end":4265.018},{"text":"articles.","start":4265.355,"end":4265.821}]},{"text":"We're convinced that the Commission's product can make a valuable contribution to the codification and progressive development of international law.","start":4266.398,"end":4274.313,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"We're","start":4266.398,"end":4266.495},{"text":"convinced","start":4266.575,"end":4267.073},{"text":"that","start":4267.073,"end":4267.281},{"text":"the","start":4267.281,"end":4267.378},{"text":"Commission's","start":4267.378,"end":4267.923},{"text":"product","start":4268.325,"end":4268.967},{"text":"can","start":4268.967,"end":4269.384},{"text":"make","start":4269.384,"end":4269.641},{"text":"a","start":4269.641,"end":4269.657},{"text":"valuable","start":4269.705,"end":4270.107},{"text":"contribution","start":4270.107,"end":4270.877},{"text":"to","start":4270.893,"end":4271.006},{"text":"the","start":4271.006,"end":4271.134},{"text":"codification","start":4271.134,"end":4271.76},{"text":"and","start":4272.338,"end":4272.515},{"text":"progressive","start":4272.515,"end":4272.996},{"text":"development","start":4272.996,"end":4273.462},{"text":"of","start":4273.462,"end":4273.558},{"text":"international","start":4273.558,"end":4274.2},{"text":"law.","start":4274.2,"end":4274.313}]},{"text":"In the field of state protection of the legitimate rights of their nationals and legal persons, including with respect to claims for compensation for damage resulting from internationally wrongful acts by another state.","start":4274.858,"end":4287.634,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. 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like to underscore that in the framework of diplomatic protection, the state acts as an independent legal subject and not as a representative of a natural or legal 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state invokes this mechanism when it determines that the harm caused by these persons derives from damage inflicted upon the state 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ILC draft articles explain important legal matters related to the subjects of diplomatic protection, the objects of such protection, grounds for diplomatic protection, questions of nationality, the continuity of nationality, the exhaustion of local remedies for legal protection as well.","start":4310.99,"end":4332.343,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. 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then, this issue has seen no real progress in the committee.","start":4373.838,"end":4377.399,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":4373.838,"end":4374.207},{"text":"then,","start":4374.207,"end":4374.336},{"text":"this","start":4374.384,"end":4374.608},{"text":"issue","start":4374.688,"end":4375.073},{"text":"has","start":4375.089,"end":4375.154},{"text":"seen","start":4375.202,"end":4375.474},{"text":"no","start":4375.587,"end":4375.811},{"text":"real","start":4375.827,"end":4375.956},{"text":"progress","start":4376.068,"end":4376.661},{"text":"in","start":4376.71,"end":4376.79},{"text":"the","start":4376.79,"end":4376.934},{"text":"committee.","start":4376.934,"end":4377.399}]},{"text":"Given this, we'd like to remind you that during the last session, under the threat of undermining the longstanding practice of consensus, a decision was rammed through to draft a convention on crimes against humanity.","start":4377.993,"end":4392.911,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Given","start":4377.993,"end":4378.298},{"text":"this,","start":4378.298,"end":4378.442},{"text":"we'd","start":4378.554,"end":4378.747},{"text":"like","start":4378.779,"end":4379.1},{"text":"to","start":4379.1,"end":4379.276},{"text":"remind","start":4379.276,"end":4379.838},{"text":"you","start":4379.838,"end":4380.078},{"text":"that","start":4380.559,"end":4380.944},{"text":"during","start":4380.944,"end":4381.169},{"text":"the","start":4381.201,"end":4381.361},{"text":"last","start":4381.361,"end":4381.762},{"text":"session,","start":4381.762,"end":4382.131},{"text":"under","start":4382.564,"end":4382.805},{"text":"the","start":4382.869,"end":4382.965},{"text":"threat","start":4382.965,"end":4383.35},{"text":"of","start":4383.591,"end":4383.735},{"text":"undermining","start":4383.768,"end":4384.393},{"text":"the","start":4384.473,"end":4384.554},{"text":"longstanding","start":4384.57,"end":4385.34},{"text":"practice","start":4385.933,"end":4386.414},{"text":"of","start":4386.414,"end":4386.462},{"text":"consensus,","start":4386.559,"end":4387.361},{"text":"a","start":4387.698,"end":4387.778},{"text":"decision","start":4387.778,"end":4388.387},{"text":"was","start":4388.419,"end":4388.548},{"text":"rammed","start":4388.804,"end":4389.221},{"text":"through","start":4389.221,"end":4389.558},{"text":"to","start":4389.927,"end":4390.104},{"text":"draft","start":4390.104,"end":4390.521},{"text":"a","start":4390.521,"end":4390.585},{"text":"convention","start":4390.585,"end":4391.307},{"text":"on","start":4391.387,"end":4391.547},{"text":"crimes","start":4391.547,"end":4391.868},{"text":"against","start":4391.884,"end":4392.253},{"text":"humanity.","start":4392.253,"end":4392.911}]},{"text":"This is a new topic on which the ILC's ink was barely dry.","start":4393.377,"end":4400.012,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4393.377,"end":4393.667},{"text":"is","start":4393.715,"end":4393.844},{"text":"a","start":4393.86,"end":4393.956},{"text":"new","start":4393.956,"end":4394.134},{"text":"topic","start":4394.343,"end":4394.826},{"text":"on","start":4395.229,"end":4395.293},{"text":"which","start":4395.325,"end":4395.535},{"text":"the","start":4395.567,"end":4395.712},{"text":"ILC's","start":4395.873,"end":4396.678},{"text":"ink","start":4398.852,"end":4399.094},{"text":"was","start":4399.191,"end":4399.32},{"text":"barely","start":4399.416,"end":4399.754},{"text":"dry.","start":4399.754,"end":4400.012}]},{"text":"We would call for equal treatment on all ILC products, and we trust that the Sixth Committee will adopt in the forthcoming sessions a decision to develop a convention on diplomatic protection based on these draft 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statement.","start":4416.373,"end":4420.745,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4416.373,"end":4416.534},{"text":"thank","start":4416.534,"end":4416.792},{"text":"the","start":4416.792,"end":4417.034},{"text":"distinguished","start":4417.115,"end":4417.599},{"text":"representative","start":4417.599,"end":4418.406},{"text":"of","start":4418.406,"end":4418.567},{"text":"the","start":4418.567,"end":4418.648},{"text":"Russian","start":4418.809,"end":4419.099},{"text":"Federation","start":4419.196,"end":4419.825},{"text":"for","start":4419.922,"end":4420.003},{"text":"her","start":4420.003,"end":4420.051},{"text":"statement.","start":4420.099,"end":4420.745}]},{"text":"I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Malaysia.","start":4420.89,"end":4423.113,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4420.89,"end":4421.067},{"text":"give","start":4421.067,"end":4421.245},{"text":"the","start":4421.245,"end":4421.374},{"text":"floor","start":4421.39,"end":4421.616},{"text":"to","start":4421.616,"end":4421.683},{"text":"the","start":4421.782,"end":4421.982},{"text":"distinguished","start":4421.982,"end":4422.547},{"text":"representative","start":4422.547,"end":4422.947},{"text":"of","start":4422.947,"end":4422.996},{"text":"Malaysia.","start":4422.996,"end":4423.113}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":42,"start":4427.75,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=4428","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr.","start":4427.75,"end":4428.344,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4427.75,"end":4427.911},{"text":"you,","start":4427.911,"end":4427.943},{"text":"Mr.","start":4427.959,"end":4428.344}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair.","start":4428.714,"end":4428.971,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair.","start":4428.714,"end":4428.971}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. Chair, Malaysia thanks the Secretary-General for the report compiling written comments on the draft Articles on Diplomatic Protection and notes the continued interest of delegations in this agenda item.","start":4432.25,"end":4445.088,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":4432.25,"end":4432.378},{"text":"Chair,","start":4432.427,"end":4432.764},{"text":"Malaysia","start":4432.973,"end":4433.873},{"text":"thanks","start":4433.873,"end":4434.227},{"text":"the","start":4434.821,"end":4434.902},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":4434.902,"end":4435.641},{"text":"for","start":4435.641,"end":4435.77},{"text":"the","start":4435.77,"end":4435.818},{"text":"report","start":4435.818,"end":4436.399},{"text":"compiling","start":4436.432,"end":4436.9},{"text":"written","start":4436.932,"end":4437.158},{"text":"comments","start":4437.239,"end":4437.723},{"text":"on","start":4437.723,"end":4437.772},{"text":"the","start":4437.804,"end":4437.885},{"text":"draft","start":4437.885,"end":4438.208},{"text":"Articles","start":4438.208,"end":4438.676},{"text":"on","start":4439.338,"end":4439.435},{"text":"Diplomatic","start":4439.435,"end":4439.903},{"text":"Protection","start":4439.903,"end":4440.371},{"text":"and","start":4440.969,"end":4441.13},{"text":"notes","start":4441.13,"end":4441.453},{"text":"the","start":4441.453,"end":4441.598},{"text":"continued","start":4441.598,"end":4442.099},{"text":"interest","start":4442.099,"end":4442.551},{"text":"of","start":4443.149,"end":4443.229},{"text":"delegations","start":4443.229,"end":4443.924},{"text":"in","start":4444.36,"end":4444.424},{"text":"this","start":4444.424,"end":4444.57},{"text":"agenda","start":4444.57,"end":4444.829},{"text":"item.","start":4444.829,"end":4445.088}]},{"text":"We recall our consistent position in previous deliberations of this agenda item that diplomatic protection is and should remain a sovereign prerogative exercised at the discretion of the 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is no general obligation to espouse claims on behalf of individuals.","start":4460.097,"end":4464.729,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":4460.097,"end":4460.194},{"text":"is","start":4460.194,"end":4460.307},{"text":"no","start":4460.42,"end":4460.582},{"text":"general","start":4460.582,"end":4460.935},{"text":"obligation","start":4461.369,"end":4461.916},{"text":"to","start":4462.511,"end":4462.607},{"text":"espouse","start":4462.607,"end":4463.073},{"text":"claims","start":4463.073,"end":4463.443},{"text":"on","start":4463.556,"end":4463.604},{"text":"behalf","start":4463.636,"end":4464.134},{"text":"of","start":4464.134,"end":4464.215},{"text":"individuals.","start":4464.263,"end":4464.729}]},{"text":"Malaysia underlines the importance of the rule of exhaustion of local remedies.","start":4466.53,"end":4472.47,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":4466.53,"end":4466.98},{"text":"underlines","start":4466.996,"end":4467.543},{"text":"the","start":4467.736,"end":4467.816},{"text":"importance","start":4467.88,"end":4468.411},{"text":"of","start":4468.797,"end":4468.877},{"text":"the","start":4468.877,"end":4468.99},{"text":"rule","start":4468.99,"end":4469.151},{"text":"of","start":4470.301,"end":4470.365},{"text":"exhaustion","start":4471.126,"end":4471.66},{"text":"of","start":4471.677,"end":4471.838},{"text":"local","start":4471.838,"end":4472.097},{"text":"remedies.","start":4472.097,"end":4472.47}]},{"text":"Any exceptions must be narrowly defined to avoid uncertainty and to safeguard national judicial processes, because such exceptions could generate legal and practical challenges for States, and risk creating uncertainty in international economic relations.","start":4473.133,"end":4492.162,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":4473.133,"end":4473.279},{"text":"exceptions","start":4473.295,"end":4473.975},{"text":"must","start":4474.687,"end":4475.011},{"text":"be","start":4475.011,"end":4475.108},{"text":"narrowly","start":4475.108,"end":4475.545},{"text":"defined","start":4475.578,"end":4476.112},{"text":"to","start":4476.468,"end":4476.533},{"text":"avoid","start":4476.614,"end":4477.002},{"text":"uncertainty","start":4477.034,"end":4477.65},{"text":"and","start":4478.568,"end":4478.632},{"text":"to","start":4478.729,"end":4478.826},{"text":"safeguard","start":4478.826,"end":4479.472},{"text":"national","start":4479.472,"end":4480.054},{"text":"judicial","start":4480.102,"end":4480.57},{"text":"processes,","start":4480.57,"end":4481.119},{"text":"because","start":4481.555,"end":4481.846},{"text":"such","start":4482.04,"end":4482.25},{"text":"exceptions","start":4482.347,"end":4482.864},{"text":"could","start":4483.316,"end":4483.542},{"text":"generate","start":4483.639,"end":4484.075},{"text":"legal","start":4484.139,"end":4484.495},{"text":"and","start":4485.108,"end":4485.173},{"text":"practical","start":4485.27,"end":4485.722},{"text":"challenges","start":4485.77,"end":4486.287},{"text":"for","start":4486.465,"end":4486.53},{"text":"States,","start":4486.53,"end":4486.996},{"text":"and","start":4487.608,"end":4487.672},{"text":"risk","start":4487.833,"end":4488.348},{"text":"creating","start":4488.396,"end":4488.863},{"text":"uncertainty","start":4488.976,"end":4489.668},{"text":"in","start":4490.328,"end":4490.376},{"text":"international","start":4490.505,"end":4491.052},{"text":"economic","start":4491.245,"end":4491.712},{"text":"relations.","start":4491.712,"end":4492.162}]},{"text":"We remain cautious about progressive provisions that go beyond established practice or opinio juris, including on nationality continuity, protection for refugees and stateless persons, and shareholder-based claims, as these matters may have implications to domestic legal systems.","start":4493.782,"end":4515.102,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."},{"key":"stateless-refugee-protection","label":"Protection of Stateless Persons and Refugees","description":"Several delegations highlighted the draft articles' treatment of stateless persons and refugees as an important issue in its own right. Some welcomed these provisions as progressive development that protects vulnerable people, while others questioned whether they reflect customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4493.782,"end":4493.862},{"text":"remain","start":4493.927,"end":4494.233},{"text":"cautious","start":4494.265,"end":4494.781},{"text":"about","start":4495.007,"end":4495.297},{"text":"progressive","start":4495.297,"end":4495.845},{"text":"provisions","start":4496.425,"end":4496.941},{"text":"that","start":4497.086,"end":4497.311},{"text":"go","start":4497.327,"end":4497.617},{"text":"beyond","start":4497.634,"end":4498.101},{"text":"established","start":4498.214,"end":4498.842},{"text":"practice","start":4498.842,"end":4499.294},{"text":"or","start":4499.89,"end":4499.938},{"text":"opinio","start":4499.987,"end":4500.39},{"text":"juris,","start":4500.39,"end":4500.744},{"text":"including","start":4501.582,"end":4501.969},{"text":"on","start":4502.581,"end":4502.698},{"text":"nationality","start":4502.747,"end":4503.379},{"text":"continuity,","start":4503.412,"end":4504.077},{"text":"protection","start":4505.002,"end":4505.553},{"text":"for","start":4505.731,"end":4505.893},{"text":"refugees","start":4505.893,"end":4506.524},{"text":"and","start":4507.042,"end":4507.107},{"text":"stateless","start":4507.188,"end":4507.496},{"text":"persons,","start":4507.609,"end":4508.03},{"text":"and","start":4509.05,"end":4509.115},{"text":"shareholder-based","start":4509.616,"end":4510.685},{"text":"claims,","start":4510.685,"end":4511.057},{"text":"as","start":4511.171,"end":4511.219},{"text":"these","start":4511.332,"end":4511.543},{"text":"matters","start":4511.575,"end":4511.948},{"text":"may","start":4512.061,"end":4512.288},{"text":"have","start":4512.288,"end":4512.514},{"text":"implications","start":4512.644,"end":4513.405},{"text":"to","start":4513.761,"end":4513.81},{"text":"domestic","start":4513.81,"end":4514.407},{"text":"legal","start":4514.407,"end":4514.633},{"text":"systems.","start":4514.633,"end":4515.102}]},{"text":"Given the close conceptual link between diplomatic protection and the law of state responsibility, and noting the absence of clear consensus on the way forward in relation to the agenda item on responsibility of state in the Sixth Committee.","start":4516.668,"end":4533.725,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"Given","start":4516.668,"end":4516.975},{"text":"the","start":4516.975,"end":4517.072},{"text":"close","start":4517.072,"end":4517.46},{"text":"conceptual","start":4517.46,"end":4518.833},{"text":"link","start":4518.833,"end":4519.108},{"text":"between","start":4519.414,"end":4519.867},{"text":"diplomatic","start":4519.964,"end":4520.464},{"text":"protection","start":4520.464,"end":4520.917},{"text":"and","start":4521.272,"end":4521.337},{"text":"the","start":4521.353,"end":4521.498},{"text":"law","start":4521.514,"end":4521.627},{"text":"of","start":4521.837,"end":4521.934},{"text":"state","start":4521.934,"end":4522.467},{"text":"responsibility,","start":4522.467,"end":4523.259},{"text":"and","start":4524.646,"end":4525.035},{"text":"noting","start":4525.084,"end":4525.424},{"text":"the","start":4525.473,"end":4525.554},{"text":"absence","start":4525.635,"end":4526.057},{"text":"of","start":4526.187,"end":4526.333},{"text":"clear","start":4526.43,"end":4526.787},{"text":"consensus","start":4526.852,"end":4527.549},{"text":"on","start":4527.727,"end":4527.776},{"text":"the","start":4527.825,"end":4527.938},{"text":"way","start":4527.987,"end":4528.23},{"text":"forward","start":4528.23,"end":4528.619},{"text":"in","start":4528.733,"end":4528.798},{"text":"relation","start":4528.798,"end":4529.333},{"text":"to","start":4529.609,"end":4529.674},{"text":"the","start":4529.69,"end":4529.739},{"text":"agenda","start":4529.755,"end":4530.176},{"text":"item","start":4530.241,"end":4530.55},{"text":"on","start":4531.091,"end":4531.156},{"text":"responsibility","start":4531.188,"end":4532.018},{"text":"of","start":4532.083,"end":4532.18},{"text":"state","start":4532.18,"end":4532.603},{"text":"in","start":4532.733,"end":4532.782},{"text":"the","start":4532.814,"end":4532.912},{"text":"Sixth","start":4532.912,"end":4533.237},{"text":"Committee.","start":4533.286,"end":4533.725}]},{"text":"At this juncture, Malaysia considers it premature to elaborate a convention in this regard.","start":4534.749,"end":4541.457,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":4534.749,"end":4534.847},{"text":"this","start":4534.847,"end":4535.074},{"text":"juncture,","start":4535.09,"end":4535.546},{"text":"Malaysia","start":4536.43,"end":4536.802},{"text":"considers","start":4536.867,"end":4537.321},{"text":"it","start":4537.435,"end":4537.484},{"text":"premature","start":4537.84,"end":4538.44},{"text":"to","start":4538.667,"end":4538.765},{"text":"elaborate","start":4538.83,"end":4539.332},{"text":"a","start":4539.543,"end":4539.559},{"text":"convention","start":4539.689,"end":4540.484},{"text":"in","start":4540.678,"end":4540.727},{"text":"this","start":4540.84,"end":4541.067},{"text":"regard.","start":4541.067,"end":4541.457}]},{"text":"In any event, Malaysia supports the Committee's continued work to identify areas of common ground and drafting issues.","start":4543.55,"end":4551.699,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4543.55,"end":4543.598},{"text":"any","start":4543.646,"end":4543.792},{"text":"event,","start":4543.808,"end":4544.292},{"text":"Malaysia","start":4544.615,"end":4545.034},{"text":"supports","start":4545.034,"end":4545.615},{"text":"the","start":4546.002,"end":4546.148},{"text":"Committee's","start":4546.148,"end":4546.648},{"text":"continued","start":4546.648,"end":4547.181},{"text":"work","start":4547.277,"end":4547.471},{"text":"to","start":4548.181,"end":4548.31},{"text":"identify","start":4548.326,"end":4548.843},{"text":"areas","start":4549.133,"end":4549.521},{"text":"of","start":4549.65,"end":4549.763},{"text":"common","start":4549.795,"end":4550.053},{"text":"ground","start":4550.102,"end":4550.489},{"text":"and","start":4550.828,"end":4550.908},{"text":"drafting","start":4550.925,"end":4551.296},{"text":"issues.","start":4551.328,"end":4551.699}]},{"text":"We welcome further written comments from States and stand ready to engage constructively without prejudging the eventual form of any outcome.","start":4552.845,"end":4563.501,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4552.845,"end":4552.91},{"text":"welcome","start":4552.91,"end":4553.284},{"text":"further","start":4553.333,"end":4553.74},{"text":"written","start":4553.74,"end":4553.968},{"text":"comments","start":4554.066,"end":4554.603},{"text":"from","start":4554.636,"end":4554.766},{"text":"States","start":4554.815,"end":4555.385},{"text":"and","start":4555.955,"end":4556.02},{"text":"stand","start":4556.053,"end":4556.476},{"text":"ready","start":4556.509,"end":4556.737},{"text":"to","start":4556.932,"end":4557.079},{"text":"engage","start":4557.079,"end":4557.518},{"text":"constructively","start":4557.812,"end":4558.61},{"text":"without","start":4559.259,"end":4559.694},{"text":"prejudging","start":4560.081,"end":4560.694},{"text":"the","start":4560.888,"end":4561.049},{"text":"eventual","start":4561.049,"end":4561.501},{"text":"form","start":4561.614,"end":4561.984},{"text":"of","start":4562.646,"end":4562.726},{"text":"any","start":4562.984,"end":4563.21},{"text":"outcome.","start":4563.21,"end":4563.501}]},{"text":"I thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":4564.049,"end":4564.775,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4564.049,"end":4564.178},{"text":"thank","start":4564.178,"end":4564.355},{"text":"you,","start":4564.355,"end":4564.42},{"text":"Mr.","start":4564.436,"end":4564.597},{"text":"Chair.","start":4564.662,"end":4564.775}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"MYS","affiliation_full":"Malaysia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":43,"start":4566.75,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=4567","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Malaysia for his statement.","start":4566.75,"end":4570.971,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4566.75,"end":4566.782},{"text":"thank","start":4566.846,"end":4567.12},{"text":"the","start":4567.12,"end":4567.346},{"text":"distinguished","start":4567.491,"end":4567.926},{"text":"representative","start":4567.926,"end":4568.619},{"text":"of","start":4568.619,"end":4568.699},{"text":"Malaysia","start":4568.699,"end":4569.199},{"text":"for","start":4569.199,"end":4569.424},{"text":"his","start":4569.424,"end":4569.569},{"text":"statement.","start":4570.391,"end":4570.971}]},{"text":"I give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran.","start":4571.374,"end":4576.148,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4571.374,"end":4571.422},{"text":"give","start":4571.519,"end":4571.631},{"text":"the","start":4571.631,"end":4571.776},{"text":"floor","start":4571.776,"end":4571.97},{"text":"to","start":4572.099,"end":4572.308},{"text":"the","start":4572.34,"end":4572.534},{"text":"distinguished","start":4572.582,"end":4573.13},{"text":"representative","start":4573.13,"end":4573.887},{"text":"of","start":4573.887,"end":4574},{"text":"the","start":4574.097,"end":4574.29},{"text":"Islamic","start":4574.451,"end":4574.934},{"text":"Republic","start":4574.983,"end":4575.473},{"text":"of","start":4575.473,"end":4575.698},{"text":"Iran.","start":4575.733,"end":4576.148}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":44,"start":4582.11,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=4583","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":4582.11,"end":4584.976,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.","start":4582.11,"end":4584.122},{"text":"Thank","start":4584.203,"end":4584.396},{"text":"you,","start":4584.396,"end":4584.477},{"text":"Mr.","start":4584.493,"end":4584.718},{"text":"Chair.","start":4584.766,"end":4584.976}]},{"text":"I would like to reiterate the position of my delegation expressed in the previous meetings of the Sixth Committee under the present agenda item and touch upon a few points in this 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International Law Commission views diplomatic protection in its commentary on the respective draft articles as a procedure employed by a state of nationality of the injured person to obtain reparation.","start":4597.63,"end":4608.874,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4597.63,"end":4597.662},{"text":"International","start":4597.662,"end":4598.209},{"text":"Law","start":4598.209,"end":4598.306},{"text":"Commission","start":4598.386,"end":4598.918},{"text":"views","start":4598.95,"end":4599.24},{"text":"diplomatic","start":4599.272,"end":4599.755},{"text":"protection","start":4599.755,"end":4600.27},{"text":"in","start":4600.319,"end":4600.367},{"text":"its","start":4600.48,"end":4600.592},{"text":"commentary","start":4600.705,"end":4601.253},{"text":"on","start":4601.832,"end":4601.913},{"text":"the","start":4601.913,"end":4602.009},{"text":"respective","start":4602.009,"end":4602.525},{"text":"draft","start":4602.573,"end":4602.959},{"text":"articles","start":4602.976,"end":4603.426},{"text":"as","start":4603.781,"end":4603.861},{"text":"a","start":4603.861,"end":4603.942},{"text":"procedure","start":4603.942,"end":4604.554},{"text":"employed","start":4604.586,"end":4605.037},{"text":"by","start":4605.069,"end":4605.23},{"text":"a","start":4605.23,"end":4605.31},{"text":"state","start":4605.31,"end":4605.616},{"text":"of","start":4605.616,"end":4605.697},{"text":"nationality","start":4605.713,"end":4606.325},{"text":"of","start":4606.824,"end":4606.872},{"text":"the","start":4606.921,"end":4607.066},{"text":"injured","start":4607.066,"end":4607.381},{"text":"person","start":4607.414,"end":4607.796},{"text":"to","start":4607.912,"end":4608.011},{"text":"obtain","start":4608.011,"end":4608.277},{"text":"reparation.","start":4608.326,"end":4608.874}]},{"text":"Given the implication of state and individuals In this discussion, it is essential that any legal regime on diplomatic protection be based on a robust and clear understanding of, and a proper balance between, rights of individuals and those of the states.","start":4611.341,"end":4627.817,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Given","start":4611.341,"end":4611.541},{"text":"the","start":4611.591,"end":4611.657},{"text":"implication","start":4611.674,"end":4612.289},{"text":"of","start":4612.289,"end":4612.439},{"text":"state","start":4612.439,"end":4612.904},{"text":"and","start":4613.004,"end":4613.104},{"text":"individuals","start":4613.104,"end":4613.736},{"text":"In","start":4613.762,"end":4613.81},{"text":"this","start":4613.843,"end":4614.004},{"text":"discussion,","start":4614.004,"end":4614.602},{"text":"it","start":4614.99,"end":4615.136},{"text":"is","start":4615.136,"end":4615.233},{"text":"essential","start":4615.233,"end":4615.734},{"text":"that","start":4616.025,"end":4616.203},{"text":"any","start":4616.332,"end":4616.494},{"text":"legal","start":4616.494,"end":4616.849},{"text":"regime","start":4616.914,"end":4617.286},{"text":"on","start":4617.464,"end":4617.512},{"text":"diplomatic","start":4617.561,"end":4618.11},{"text":"protection","start":4618.11,"end":4618.579},{"text":"be","start":4619.339,"end":4619.565},{"text":"based","start":4619.565,"end":4619.872},{"text":"on","start":4619.905,"end":4619.969},{"text":"a","start":4620.05,"end":4620.131},{"text":"robust","start":4620.131,"end":4620.697},{"text":"and","start":4620.697,"end":4620.858},{"text":"clear","start":4620.858,"end":4621.263},{"text":"understanding","start":4621.263,"end":4621.974},{"text":"of,","start":4622.071,"end":4622.297},{"text":"and","start":4623.38,"end":4623.51},{"text":"a","start":4623.51,"end":4623.542},{"text":"proper","start":4623.542,"end":4623.945},{"text":"balance","start":4623.945,"end":4624.461},{"text":"between,","start":4624.51,"end":4624.72},{"text":"rights","start":4624.816,"end":4625.123},{"text":"of","start":4625.316,"end":4625.462},{"text":"individuals","start":4625.462,"end":4626.172},{"text":"and","start":4626.672,"end":4626.736},{"text":"those","start":4626.849,"end":4627.059},{"text":"of","start":4627.156,"end":4627.204},{"text":"the","start":4627.269,"end":4627.349},{"text":"states.","start":4627.349,"end":4627.817}]},{"text":"It is also of utmost, of utmost importance to distinguish as between primary and secondary rules of international law, bearing in mind that in view of the Commission, it does not seek to define or describe acts that give rise to responsibility.","start":4629.647,"end":4643.698,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":4629.647,"end":4629.727},{"text":"is","start":4629.727,"end":4629.953},{"text":"also","start":4630.13,"end":4630.436},{"text":"of","start":4630.532,"end":4630.645},{"text":"utmost,","start":4630.645,"end":4631.031},{"text":"of","start":4631.369,"end":4631.45},{"text":"utmost","start":4631.45,"end":4631.836},{"text":"importance","start":4631.836,"end":4632.287},{"text":"to","start":4632.335,"end":4632.48},{"text":"distinguish","start":4632.48,"end":4633.028},{"text":"as","start":4633.189,"end":4633.334},{"text":"between","start":4633.366,"end":4633.704},{"text":"primary","start":4633.768,"end":4634.235},{"text":"and","start":4634.251,"end":4634.332},{"text":"secondary","start":4634.332,"end":4634.928},{"text":"rules","start":4634.96,"end":4635.153},{"text":"of","start":4635.153,"end":4635.218},{"text":"international","start":4635.218,"end":4635.862},{"text":"law,","start":4635.862,"end":4635.974},{"text":"bearing","start":4636.103,"end":4636.473},{"text":"in","start":4636.522,"end":4636.57},{"text":"mind","start":4636.65,"end":4636.94},{"text":"that","start":4637.391,"end":4637.568},{"text":"in","start":4637.568,"end":4637.617},{"text":"view","start":4637.713,"end":4637.939},{"text":"of","start":4637.955,"end":4638.035},{"text":"the","start":4638.035,"end":4638.116},{"text":"Commission,","start":4638.116,"end":4638.631},{"text":"it","start":4638.679,"end":4638.84},{"text":"does","start":4638.84,"end":4638.953},{"text":"not","start":4639.05,"end":4639.234},{"text":"seek","start":4639.234,"end":4639.587},{"text":"to","start":4639.587,"end":4639.722},{"text":"define","start":4639.738,"end":4640.125},{"text":"or","start":4640.192,"end":4640.326},{"text":"describe","start":4640.326,"end":4640.83},{"text":"acts","start":4640.914,"end":4641.334},{"text":"that","start":4641.438,"end":4641.551},{"text":"give","start":4641.615,"end":4641.793},{"text":"rise","start":4641.841,"end":4642.229},{"text":"to","start":4642.665,"end":4642.826},{"text":"responsibility.","start":4642.826,"end":4643.698}]},{"text":"Nevertheless, it is doubtful if the draft articles has been able to have due regard to such proper balances, conditions, and understandings.","start":4644.667,"end":4653.208,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Nevertheless,","start":4644.667,"end":4645.248},{"text":"it","start":4645.345,"end":4645.474},{"text":"is","start":4645.474,"end":4645.538},{"text":"doubtful","start":4645.635,"end":4646.087},{"text":"if","start":4646.281,"end":4646.346},{"text":"the","start":4646.378,"end":4646.539},{"text":"draft","start":4646.539,"end":4646.959},{"text":"articles","start":4647.024,"end":4647.476},{"text":"has","start":4648.218,"end":4648.348},{"text":"been","start":4648.461,"end":4648.525},{"text":"able","start":4648.622,"end":4648.945},{"text":"to","start":4648.961,"end":4649.09},{"text":"have","start":4649.106,"end":4649.219},{"text":"due","start":4649.284,"end":4649.429},{"text":"regard","start":4649.445,"end":4649.768},{"text":"to","start":4649.768,"end":4649.913},{"text":"such","start":4649.913,"end":4650.156},{"text":"proper","start":4650.156,"end":4650.495},{"text":"balances,","start":4650.495,"end":4651.028},{"text":"conditions,","start":4651.286,"end":4651.835},{"text":"and","start":4652.336,"end":4652.498},{"text":"understandings.","start":4652.498,"end":4653.208}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, some of the draft articles on diplomatic protection could not be deemed as reflective of customary international law.","start":4655.502,"end":4663.354,"topics":[{"key":"stateless-refugee-protection","label":"Protection of Stateless Persons and Refugees","description":"Several delegations highlighted the draft articles' treatment of stateless persons and refugees as an important issue in its own right. Some welcomed these provisions as progressive development that protects vulnerable people, while others questioned whether they reflect customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":4655.502,"end":4655.744},{"text":"Chair,","start":4655.825,"end":4656.148},{"text":"some","start":4657.294,"end":4657.553},{"text":"of","start":4657.666,"end":4657.763},{"text":"the","start":4657.779,"end":4657.924},{"text":"draft","start":4657.924,"end":4658.215},{"text":"articles","start":4658.312,"end":4658.7},{"text":"on","start":4658.796,"end":4658.861},{"text":"diplomatic","start":4658.893,"end":4659.457},{"text":"protection","start":4659.457,"end":4659.972},{"text":"could","start":4660.02,"end":4660.197},{"text":"not","start":4660.197,"end":4660.375},{"text":"be","start":4660.504,"end":4660.584},{"text":"deemed","start":4660.648,"end":4660.955},{"text":"as","start":4661.132,"end":4661.196},{"text":"reflective","start":4661.293,"end":4661.937},{"text":"of","start":4662.018,"end":4662.163},{"text":"customary","start":4662.179,"end":4662.581},{"text":"international","start":4662.581,"end":4663.306},{"text":"law.","start":4663.306,"end":4663.354}]},{"text":"For instance, the draft article relating to diplomatic protection of stateless persons, or the one relating to individuals with multiple nationality, do not feature, among others, sufficient widespread and consistent practice of states accepted as opinio juris.","start":4664.192,"end":4679.827,"topics":[{"key":"stateless-refugee-protection","label":"Protection of Stateless Persons and Refugees","description":"Several delegations highlighted the draft articles' treatment of stateless persons and refugees as an important issue in its own right. Some welcomed these provisions as progressive development that protects vulnerable people, while others questioned whether they reflect customary international law."},{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":4664.192,"end":4664.273},{"text":"instance,","start":4664.273,"end":4664.659},{"text":"the","start":4664.917,"end":4665.014},{"text":"draft","start":4665.014,"end":4665.4},{"text":"article","start":4665.481,"end":4665.964},{"text":"relating","start":4665.964,"end":4666.35},{"text":"to","start":4666.383,"end":4666.463},{"text":"diplomatic","start":4666.463,"end":4666.962},{"text":"protection","start":4667.027,"end":4667.478},{"text":"of","start":4667.526,"end":4667.655},{"text":"stateless","start":4667.73,"end":4668.165},{"text":"persons,","start":4668.165,"end":4668.617},{"text":"or","start":4669.698,"end":4669.779},{"text":"the","start":4669.779,"end":4669.908},{"text":"one","start":4669.924,"end":4670.054},{"text":"relating","start":4670.167,"end":4670.554},{"text":"to","start":4670.586,"end":4670.667},{"text":"individuals","start":4670.667,"end":4671.28},{"text":"with","start":4671.312,"end":4671.441},{"text":"multiple","start":4671.538,"end":4671.942},{"text":"nationality,","start":4671.942,"end":4672.571},{"text":"do","start":4672.942,"end":4673.039},{"text":"not","start":4673.088,"end":4673.33},{"text":"feature,","start":4673.33,"end":4673.717},{"text":"among","start":4673.733,"end":4673.943},{"text":"others,","start":4674.121,"end":4674.347},{"text":"sufficient","start":4674.863,"end":4675.557},{"text":"widespread","start":4675.67,"end":4676.364},{"text":"and","start":4676.38,"end":4676.461},{"text":"consistent","start":4676.477,"end":4677.042},{"text":"practice","start":4677.042,"end":4677.444},{"text":"of","start":4677.444,"end":4677.541},{"text":"states","start":4677.541,"end":4678.088},{"text":"accepted","start":4678.41,"end":4678.91},{"text":"as","start":4679.038,"end":4679.103},{"text":"opinio","start":4679.216,"end":4679.57},{"text":"juris.","start":4679.57,"end":4679.827}]},{"text":"Eventually, the mere recourse of limited specific regional tribunals in certain case laws to such approaches could not have given rise to general practice accepted as law.","start":4681.389,"end":4691.626,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Eventually,","start":4681.389,"end":4681.856},{"text":"the","start":4682.436,"end":4682.533},{"text":"mere","start":4682.533,"end":4682.774},{"text":"recourse","start":4682.774,"end":4683.241},{"text":"of","start":4683.241,"end":4683.386},{"text":"limited","start":4683.386,"end":4683.789},{"text":"specific","start":4683.805,"end":4684.433},{"text":"regional","start":4684.433,"end":4684.771},{"text":"tribunals","start":4684.771,"end":4685.946},{"text":"in","start":4686.043,"end":4686.075},{"text":"certain","start":4686.075,"end":4686.43},{"text":"case","start":4686.43,"end":4686.69},{"text":"laws","start":4686.69,"end":4686.918},{"text":"to","start":4686.951,"end":4687.049},{"text":"such","start":4687.049,"end":4687.244},{"text":"approaches","start":4687.293,"end":4687.814},{"text":"could","start":4688.156,"end":4688.287},{"text":"not","start":4688.319,"end":4688.515},{"text":"have","start":4688.515,"end":4688.661},{"text":"given","start":4688.726,"end":4688.987},{"text":"rise","start":4688.987,"end":4689.362},{"text":"to","start":4689.622,"end":4689.671},{"text":"general","start":4689.72,"end":4690.111},{"text":"practice","start":4690.127,"end":4690.73},{"text":"accepted","start":4690.86,"end":4691.349},{"text":"as","start":4691.349,"end":4691.479},{"text":"law.","start":4691.577,"end":4691.626}]},{"text":"We took note that the Commission has opined in its commentary of Article 7 on the use of term predominant instead of dominant or effective nationality to convey element of relativity.","start":4695.839,"end":4707.841,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4695.839,"end":4695.999},{"text":"took","start":4695.999,"end":4696.24},{"text":"note","start":4696.256,"end":4696.64},{"text":"that","start":4696.64,"end":4696.801},{"text":"the","start":4696.801,"end":4696.881},{"text":"Commission","start":4696.881,"end":4697.297},{"text":"has","start":4697.297,"end":4697.426},{"text":"opined","start":4697.474,"end":4697.986},{"text":"in","start":4698.163,"end":4698.227},{"text":"its","start":4698.339,"end":4698.467},{"text":"commentary","start":4698.643,"end":4699.14},{"text":"of","start":4699.204,"end":4699.364},{"text":"Article","start":4699.38,"end":4699.893},{"text":"7","start":4700.037,"end":4700.47},{"text":"on","start":4700.806,"end":4700.854},{"text":"the","start":4700.903,"end":4700.983},{"text":"use","start":4701.047,"end":4701.223},{"text":"of","start":4701.223,"end":4701.351},{"text":"term","start":4701.527,"end":4701.992},{"text":"predominant","start":4702.264,"end":4703.034},{"text":"instead","start":4703.146,"end":4703.45},{"text":"of","start":4703.45,"end":4703.514},{"text":"dominant","start":4703.546,"end":4704.187},{"text":"or","start":4704.267,"end":4704.315},{"text":"effective","start":4704.428,"end":4704.844},{"text":"nationality","start":4704.844,"end":4705.437},{"text":"to","start":4706.046,"end":4706.158},{"text":"convey","start":4706.174,"end":4706.431},{"text":"element","start":4706.655,"end":4706.943},{"text":"of","start":4707.007,"end":4707.136},{"text":"relativity.","start":4707.136,"end":4707.841}]},{"text":"Nonetheless, it would be difficult to define a decisive and harmonized criterion to establish predominance of a nationality over another nationality.","start":4708.594,"end":4717.294,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"Nonetheless,","start":4708.594,"end":4709.074},{"text":"it","start":4709.154,"end":4709.299},{"text":"would","start":4709.299,"end":4709.411},{"text":"be","start":4709.475,"end":4709.635},{"text":"difficult","start":4709.635,"end":4710.116},{"text":"to","start":4710.116,"end":4710.26},{"text":"define","start":4710.26,"end":4710.548},{"text":"a","start":4710.613,"end":4710.661},{"text":"decisive","start":4710.661,"end":4711.286},{"text":"and","start":4711.398,"end":4711.462},{"text":"harmonized","start":4711.542,"end":4712.167},{"text":"criterion","start":4712.199,"end":4712.808},{"text":"to","start":4712.84,"end":4712.92},{"text":"establish","start":4712.92,"end":4713.481},{"text":"predominance","start":4713.481,"end":4714.074},{"text":"of","start":4714.282,"end":4714.378},{"text":"a","start":4714.378,"end":4714.394},{"text":"nationality","start":4714.394,"end":4715.131},{"text":"over","start":4715.484,"end":4715.692},{"text":"another","start":4715.788,"end":4716.237},{"text":"nationality.","start":4716.669,"end":4717.294}]},{"text":"This increases more uncertainty and ambiguity surrounding this topic.","start":4717.967,"end":4722.069,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4717.967,"end":4718.208},{"text":"increases","start":4718.208,"end":4718.816},{"text":"more","start":4718.913,"end":4719.105},{"text":"uncertainty","start":4719.313,"end":4719.938},{"text":"and","start":4720.05,"end":4720.114},{"text":"ambiguity","start":4720.13,"end":4720.819},{"text":"surrounding","start":4720.98,"end":4721.46},{"text":"this","start":4721.572,"end":4721.733},{"text":"topic.","start":4721.733,"end":4722.069}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, this delegation understands that the Commission has recognized the very fact that domestic laws may not allow for its nationals to become nationals of other states.","start":4723.335,"end":4733.59,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":4723.335,"end":4723.591},{"text":"Chair,","start":4723.639,"end":4723.832},{"text":"this","start":4724.857,"end":4725.098},{"text":"delegation","start":4725.098,"end":4725.546},{"text":"understands","start":4725.642,"end":4726.347},{"text":"that","start":4726.444,"end":4726.556},{"text":"the","start":4726.556,"end":4726.684},{"text":"Commission","start":4726.684,"end":4727.149},{"text":"has","start":4727.245,"end":4727.437},{"text":"recognized","start":4727.485,"end":4728.03},{"text":"the","start":4728.062,"end":4728.142},{"text":"very","start":4728.142,"end":4728.398},{"text":"fact","start":4728.446,"end":4728.815},{"text":"that","start":4728.863,"end":4729.023},{"text":"domestic","start":4729.023,"end":4729.52},{"text":"laws","start":4729.568,"end":4729.792},{"text":"may","start":4729.921,"end":4730.065},{"text":"not","start":4730.081,"end":4730.337},{"text":"allow","start":4730.53,"end":4730.722},{"text":"for","start":4730.866,"end":4731.058},{"text":"its","start":4731.186,"end":4731.299},{"text":"nationals","start":4731.363,"end":4731.875},{"text":"to","start":4731.908,"end":4732.068},{"text":"become","start":4732.068,"end":4732.276},{"text":"nationals","start":4732.308,"end":4732.789},{"text":"of","start":4732.789,"end":4732.869},{"text":"other","start":4732.869,"end":4733.125},{"text":"states.","start":4733.125,"end":4733.59}]},{"text":"This is a pertinent and important consideration, taking into account that the constitutions of certain states do not accept dual nationality or do not recognize its legal effects arising from secondary nationality of their citizens..","start":4734.471,"end":4749.28,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. 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Mr. Chairman, my delegation takes note of the report of the Secretary-General, Document A/80/280, observations on any future action that may be taken regarding the articles on diplomatic protection, which also follows General Assembly Resolution 77/0105, recalling the recommendation made by the International Law Commission concerning the drafting of a convention on diplomatic protection based on the draft articles adopted in 2006.","start":4802.9,"end":4849.304,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. 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There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4886.045,"end":4886.285},{"text":"is","start":4886.285,"end":4886.382},{"text":"particularly","start":4886.51,"end":4887.136},{"text":"pertinent","start":4887.232,"end":4887.858},{"text":"in","start":4887.955,"end":4888.003},{"text":"cases","start":4888.131,"end":4888.581},{"text":"involving","start":4889.094,"end":4889.527},{"text":"a","start":4889.576,"end":4889.592},{"text":"change","start":4889.656,"end":4889.977},{"text":"of","start":4889.977,"end":4890.073},{"text":"nationality,","start":4890.121,"end":4890.908},{"text":"as","start":4892.288,"end":4892.513},{"text":"provided","start":4892.85,"end":4893.315},{"text":"for","start":4893.331,"end":4893.652},{"text":"in","start":4893.652,"end":4893.733},{"text":"Article","start":4893.813,"end":4894.23},{"text":"15,","start":4894.23,"end":4894.856},{"text":"paragraph","start":4895.113,"end":4895.659},{"text":"2","start":4895.675,"end":4895.98},{"text":"of","start":4896.397,"end":4896.493},{"text":"the","start":4896.493,"end":4896.622},{"text":"Universal","start":4896.622,"end":4897.039},{"text":"Declaration","start":4897.039,"end":4897.729},{"text":"of","start":4897.938,"end":4898.05},{"text":"Human","start":4898.082,"end":4898.339},{"text":"Rights.","start":4898.387,"end":4898.788}]},{"text":"Secondly, my delegation recommends that Article 15 of the draft articles be redrafted to eliminate ambiguity.","start":4900.265,"end":4909.042,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"Secondly,","start":4900.265,"end":4900.778},{"text":"my","start":4901.517,"end":4901.613},{"text":"delegation","start":4901.95,"end":4902.624},{"text":"recommends","start":4902.801,"end":4903.266},{"text":"that","start":4903.282,"end":4903.443},{"text":"Article","start":4903.523,"end":4903.796},{"text":"15","start":4903.796,"end":4904.39},{"text":"of","start":4904.486,"end":4904.534},{"text":"the","start":4904.566,"end":4904.663},{"text":"draft","start":4904.663,"end":4904.984},{"text":"articles","start":4905.128,"end":4905.513},{"text":"be","start":4905.626,"end":4905.882},{"text":"redrafted","start":4906.653,"end":4907.439},{"text":"to","start":4907.616,"end":4907.856},{"text":"eliminate","start":4907.888,"end":4908.337},{"text":"ambiguity.","start":4908.577,"end":4909.042}]},{"text":"As it stands, it provides an exception to the rule of exhaustion of local remedies.","start":4909.138,"end":4913.691,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. 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There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."}],"words":[{"text":"Clarifying","start":4914.124,"end":4914.653},{"text":"this","start":4914.685,"end":4914.909},{"text":"provision","start":4914.909,"end":4915.294},{"text":"would","start":4915.791,"end":4915.951},{"text":"help","start":4915.951,"end":4916.127},{"text":"define","start":4916.127,"end":4916.432},{"text":"its","start":4916.432,"end":4916.512},{"text":"scope","start":4916.512,"end":4917.009},{"text":"and","start":4917.153,"end":4917.378},{"text":"reduce","start":4917.634,"end":4918.404},{"text":"potential","start":4918.852,"end":4919.526},{"text":"misuse","start":4919.734,"end":4920.519},{"text":"in","start":4920.936,"end":4921.016},{"text":"specific","start":4921.016,"end":4921.561},{"text":"cases.","start":4921.658,"end":4922.187}]},{"text":"Finally, all regarding this point, my delegation considers it both judicious and prudent that Article 5 apply solely to situations in which the individual held the nationality of the state at the time the harm occurred.","start":4922.86,"end":4939.108,"topics":[{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. 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Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."},{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. 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Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5007.201,"end":5007.345},{"text":"would","start":5007.441,"end":5007.827},{"text":"provide","start":5008.164,"end":5008.549},{"text":"a","start":5008.662,"end":5008.742},{"text":"clear","start":5008.742,"end":5008.983},{"text":"definition","start":5008.983,"end":5009.593},{"text":"of","start":5009.77,"end":5009.882},{"text":"effective","start":5009.946,"end":5010.476},{"text":"protection","start":5010.492,"end":5011.199},{"text":"and","start":5011.536,"end":5011.76},{"text":"enforcement","start":5011.809,"end":5012.483},{"text":"mechanisms,","start":5012.531,"end":5013.093},{"text":"as","start":5013.718,"end":5013.767},{"text":"well","start":5013.863,"end":5013.991},{"text":"as","start":5014.055,"end":5014.168},{"text":"appropriate","start":5014.665,"end":5015.259},{"text":"punishments","start":5015.708,"end":5016.222},{"text":"or","start":5016.222,"end":5016.286},{"text":"sanctions","start":5016.286,"end":5016.752},{"text":"of","start":5016.752,"end":5016.848},{"text":"violations,","start":5016.848,"end":5017.345},{"text":"thereby","start":5017.41,"end":5017.682},{"text":"strengthening","start":5017.731,"end":5018.356},{"text":"the","start":5018.774,"end":5018.854},{"text":"international","start":5018.854,"end":5019.223},{"text":"responsibility","start":5019.223,"end":5019.897},{"text":"of","start":5019.897,"end":5019.993},{"text":"states.","start":5019.993,"end":5020.459}]},{"text":"To this end, it is essential to take into account the diverse views of states while also opening the debate up to academic circles for their valuable input and to practitioners for their practical experience.","start":5020.94,"end":5033.892,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":5020.94,"end":5021.021},{"text":"this","start":5021.021,"end":5021.245},{"text":"end,","start":5021.325,"end":5021.438},{"text":"it","start":5021.502,"end":5021.598},{"text":"is","start":5021.598,"end":5021.679},{"text":"essential","start":5021.903,"end":5022.577},{"text":"to","start":5022.866,"end":5022.946},{"text":"take","start":5022.946,"end":5023.187},{"text":"into","start":5023.187,"end":5023.38},{"text":"account","start":5023.428,"end":5023.973},{"text":"the","start":5023.973,"end":5024.166},{"text":"diverse","start":5024.23,"end":5024.856},{"text":"views","start":5024.856,"end":5025.241},{"text":"of","start":5025.354,"end":5025.418},{"text":"states","start":5025.434,"end":5025.98},{"text":"while","start":5026.702,"end":5026.846},{"text":"also","start":5027.023,"end":5027.424},{"text":"opening","start":5027.584,"end":5027.809},{"text":"the","start":5027.905,"end":5027.986},{"text":"debate","start":5027.986,"end":5028.339},{"text":"up","start":5028.403,"end":5028.579},{"text":"to","start":5028.579,"end":5028.788},{"text":"academic","start":5028.804,"end":5029.302},{"text":"circles","start":5029.302,"end":5029.895},{"text":"for","start":5030.008,"end":5030.104},{"text":"their","start":5030.104,"end":5030.345},{"text":"valuable","start":5030.345,"end":5030.778},{"text":"input","start":5030.89,"end":5031.195},{"text":"and","start":5031.276,"end":5031.324},{"text":"to","start":5031.324,"end":5031.388},{"text":"practitioners","start":5031.388,"end":5032.062},{"text":"for","start":5032.656,"end":5032.816},{"text":"their","start":5032.816,"end":5032.929},{"text":"practical","start":5032.977,"end":5033.442},{"text":"experience.","start":5033.442,"end":5033.892}]},{"text":"My delegation supports initiatives aimed at ensuring that the draft articles discussions of the ILC on diplomatic protection result in a convention.","start":5033.94,"end":5043.473,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. 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this standpoint, my country reaffirms its commitment to cooperate fully in accordance with the provisions of the United Nations Charter and in the spirit of the draft articles on diplomatic 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Republic.","start":5078.947,"end":5087.626,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5078.947,"end":5079.092},{"text":"thank","start":5079.092,"end":5079.285},{"text":"the","start":5079.349,"end":5079.59},{"text":"distinguished","start":5079.59,"end":5080.201},{"text":"representative","start":5080.619,"end":5081.181},{"text":"of","start":5081.181,"end":5081.326},{"text":"Guinea","start":5081.358,"end":5081.599},{"text":"for","start":5081.599,"end":5081.841},{"text":"his","start":5081.841,"end":5081.969},{"text":"statement,","start":5082.05,"end":5082.49},{"text":"and","start":5083.289,"end":5083.533},{"text":"I","start":5083.533,"end":5083.631},{"text":"give","start":5083.631,"end":5083.859},{"text":"the","start":5083.859,"end":5083.941},{"text":"floor","start":5083.941,"end":5084.153},{"text":"to","start":5084.267,"end":5084.414},{"text":"the","start":5084.446,"end":5084.642},{"text":"distinguished","start":5084.691,"end":5085.457},{"text":"representative","start":5085.653,"end":5086.338},{"text":"of","start":5086.338,"end":5086.452},{"text":"the","start":5086.485,"end":5086.713},{"text":"Dominican","start":5086.713,"end":5087.202},{"text":"Republic.","start":5087.218,"end":5087.626}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th 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Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":5111.819,"end":5112.028},{"text":"delegation","start":5112.028,"end":5112.494},{"text":"welcomes","start":5112.606,"end":5113.136},{"text":"the","start":5113.409,"end":5113.586},{"text":"sustained","start":5113.586,"end":5114.052},{"text":"work","start":5114.052,"end":5114.454},{"text":"by","start":5114.534,"end":5114.727},{"text":"the","start":5114.855,"end":5115.209},{"text":"ILC","start":5115.659,"end":5116.028},{"text":"and","start":5116.301,"end":5116.382},{"text":"my","start":5116.382,"end":5116.462},{"text":"member","start":5116.462,"end":5116.703},{"text":"states","start":5116.703,"end":5117.185},{"text":"in","start":5117.185,"end":5117.265},{"text":"reviewing","start":5117.265,"end":5117.635},{"text":"this","start":5117.667,"end":5117.828},{"text":"topic,","start":5117.828,"end":5118.213},{"text":"which","start":5118.245,"end":5118.358},{"text":"reflects","start":5118.39,"end":5118.76},{"text":"a","start":5118.76,"end":5118.776},{"text":"balance","start":5118.776,"end":5118.894},{"text":"between","start":5118.894,"end":5119.045},{"text":"codification","start":5119.045,"end":5119.247},{"text":"and","start":5119.247,"end":5119.297},{"text":"the","start":5119.297,"end":5119.331},{"text":"progressive","start":5119.331,"end":5119.516},{"text":"development","start":5119.516,"end":5119.734},{"text":"of","start":5119.734,"end":5119.768},{"text":"international","start":5119.784,"end":5120.154},{"text":"International","start":5121.94,"end":5122.534},{"text":"Law.","start":5122.534,"end":5122.598}]},{"text":"Diplomatic protection, understood as the right of a state to invoke the responsibility of another for the harm done to its nationals as a consequence of an internationally wrongful act, represents an essential instrument to safeguard the rights of natural and legal persons at the international level.","start":5123.192,"end":5142.01,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"Diplomatic","start":5123.192,"end":5123.898},{"text":"protection,","start":5123.898,"end":5124.493},{"text":"understood","start":5124.605,"end":5125.151},{"text":"as","start":5125.327,"end":5125.472},{"text":"the","start":5125.568,"end":5125.649},{"text":"right","start":5125.649,"end":5125.986},{"text":"of","start":5126.05,"end":5126.098},{"text":"a","start":5126.291,"end":5126.307},{"text":"state","start":5126.323,"end":5126.692},{"text":"to","start":5126.708,"end":5126.869},{"text":"invoke","start":5126.869,"end":5127.254},{"text":"the","start":5127.254,"end":5127.335},{"text":"responsibility","start":5127.335,"end":5128.073},{"text":"of","start":5128.073,"end":5128.218},{"text":"another","start":5128.218,"end":5128.41},{"text":"for","start":5128.41,"end":5128.78},{"text":"the","start":5128.78,"end":5128.908},{"text":"harm","start":5128.94,"end":5129.197},{"text":"done","start":5129.197,"end":5129.406},{"text":"to","start":5129.438,"end":5129.599},{"text":"its","start":5129.599,"end":5129.775},{"text":"nationals","start":5129.775,"end":5130.321},{"text":"as","start":5130.321,"end":5130.417},{"text":"a","start":5130.417,"end":5130.482},{"text":"consequence","start":5130.482,"end":5131.268},{"text":"of","start":5131.349,"end":5131.525},{"text":"an","start":5131.525,"end":5131.606},{"text":"internationally","start":5131.606,"end":5132.457},{"text":"wrongful","start":5132.569,"end":5133.115},{"text":"act,","start":5133.195,"end":5133.548},{"text":"represents","start":5133.998,"end":5134.737},{"text":"an","start":5134.977,"end":5135.042},{"text":"essential","start":5135.122,"end":5135.78},{"text":"instrument","start":5135.78,"end":5136.374},{"text":"to","start":5136.423,"end":5136.679},{"text":"safeguard","start":5136.679,"end":5137.45},{"text":"the","start":5137.45,"end":5137.498},{"text":"rights","start":5137.547,"end":5138.012},{"text":"of","start":5138.092,"end":5138.446},{"text":"natural","start":5138.494,"end":5138.943},{"text":"and","start":5139.216,"end":5139.473},{"text":"legal","start":5139.473,"end":5139.875},{"text":"persons","start":5139.875,"end":5140.565},{"text":"at","start":5140.662,"end":5140.758},{"text":"the","start":5140.758,"end":5140.918},{"text":"international","start":5140.918,"end":5141.561},{"text":"level.","start":5141.561,"end":5142.01}]},{"text":"The systematic consideration that the Committee has given to this topic contributes to the consolidation of customary norms and to greater legal certainty in state practice.","start":5142.765,"end":5152.766,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5142.765,"end":5142.845},{"text":"systematic","start":5142.845,"end":5143.841},{"text":"consideration","start":5144.049,"end":5144.74},{"text":"that","start":5144.852,"end":5145.077},{"text":"the","start":5145.398,"end":5145.607},{"text":"Committee","start":5145.639,"end":5145.864},{"text":"has","start":5145.88,"end":5145.992},{"text":"given","start":5146.04,"end":5146.217},{"text":"to","start":5146.217,"end":5146.313},{"text":"this","start":5146.313,"end":5146.41},{"text":"topic","start":5146.458,"end":5146.779},{"text":"contributes","start":5146.779,"end":5147.775},{"text":"to","start":5147.47,"end":5147.758},{"text":"the","start":5148.208,"end":5148.368},{"text":"consolidation","start":5148.368,"end":5148.882},{"text":"of","start":5148.882,"end":5148.946},{"text":"customary","start":5148.946,"end":5149.428},{"text":"norms","start":5149.428,"end":5149.813},{"text":"and","start":5149.813,"end":5149.909},{"text":"to","start":5149.909,"end":5150.134},{"text":"greater","start":5150.134,"end":5150.631},{"text":"legal","start":5150.631,"end":5150.904},{"text":"certainty","start":5150.952,"end":5151.642},{"text":"in","start":5151.819,"end":5151.931},{"text":"state","start":5151.931,"end":5152.188},{"text":"practice.","start":5152.317,"end":5152.766}]},{"text":"The Dominican Republic notes with interest the opinions expressed by member states in the Secretary General's report.","start":5154.146,"end":5162.669,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5154.146,"end":5154.243},{"text":"Dominican","start":5154.243,"end":5154.756},{"text":"Republic","start":5154.804,"end":5155.478},{"text":"notes","start":5155.527,"end":5155.864},{"text":"with","start":5155.912,"end":5156.04},{"text":"interest","start":5156.169,"end":5156.987},{"text":"the","start":5157.035,"end":5157.228},{"text":"opinions","start":5157.854,"end":5158.464},{"text":"expressed","start":5158.496,"end":5159.122},{"text":"by","start":5159.122,"end":5159.25},{"text":"member","start":5159.523,"end":5159.86},{"text":"states","start":5159.86,"end":5160.502},{"text":"in","start":5160.502,"end":5160.63},{"text":"the","start":5160.743,"end":5160.935},{"text":"Secretary","start":5161.24,"end":5161.626},{"text":"General's","start":5161.626,"end":5162.027},{"text":"report.","start":5162.027,"end":5162.669}]},{"text":"We concur with the understanding that the articles on diplomatic protection are closely related to the articles on the responsibility of States for internationally wrongful acts.","start":5163.391,"end":5175.479,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5163.391,"end":5163.584},{"text":"concur","start":5163.696,"end":5164.306},{"text":"with","start":5165.076,"end":5165.446},{"text":"the","start":5165.558,"end":5165.799},{"text":"understanding","start":5166.039,"end":5166.81},{"text":"that","start":5167.083,"end":5167.42},{"text":"the","start":5167.468,"end":5167.548},{"text":"articles","start":5167.628,"end":5168.254},{"text":"on","start":5168.431,"end":5168.495},{"text":"diplomatic","start":5168.527,"end":5169.073},{"text":"protection","start":5169.073,"end":5169.618},{"text":"are","start":5169.635,"end":5169.795},{"text":"closely","start":5169.795,"end":5170.18},{"text":"related","start":5170.212,"end":5170.758},{"text":"to","start":5170.758,"end":5171.015},{"text":"the","start":5171.015,"end":5171.223},{"text":"articles","start":5171.32,"end":5171.785},{"text":"on","start":5171.962,"end":5172.042},{"text":"the","start":5172.042,"end":5172.122},{"text":"responsibility","start":5172.122,"end":5172.909},{"text":"of","start":5173.021,"end":5173.23},{"text":"States","start":5173.15,"end":5173.664},{"text":"for","start":5173.664,"end":5173.776},{"text":"internationally","start":5173.905,"end":5174.596},{"text":"wrongful","start":5174.692,"end":5174.997},{"text":"acts.","start":5175.174,"end":5175.479}]},{"text":"Hence why any progress towards the codification or preparation of a convention should be— remain consistent with that normative body.","start":5176.54,"end":5186.758,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."},{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"Hence","start":5176.54,"end":5176.893},{"text":"why","start":5177.263,"end":5177.391},{"text":"any","start":5177.664,"end":5177.809},{"text":"progress","start":5177.921,"end":5178.484},{"text":"towards","start":5178.484,"end":5178.934},{"text":"the","start":5178.95,"end":5179.046},{"text":"codification","start":5179.046,"end":5179.898},{"text":"or","start":5180.01,"end":5180.09},{"text":"preparation","start":5180.09,"end":5180.781},{"text":"of","start":5181.038,"end":5181.263},{"text":"a","start":5181.376,"end":5181.408},{"text":"convention","start":5182.404,"end":5183.031},{"text":"should","start":5183.127,"end":5183.432},{"text":"be—","start":5183.464,"end":5183.705},{"text":"remain","start":5184.171,"end":5184.396},{"text":"consistent","start":5184.91,"end":5185.489},{"text":"with","start":5185.489,"end":5185.633},{"text":"that","start":5185.633,"end":5185.746},{"text":"normative","start":5185.858,"end":5186.244},{"text":"body.","start":5186.501,"end":5186.758}]},{"text":"We take note of the positions expressed by various states which have shared valuable reflections on the content, scope, and potential future measures related to the articles.","start":5187.401,"end":5197.732,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5187.401,"end":5187.545},{"text":"take","start":5187.545,"end":5187.786},{"text":"note","start":5187.786,"end":5187.963},{"text":"of","start":5187.963,"end":5188.027},{"text":"the","start":5188.027,"end":5188.124},{"text":"positions","start":5188.124,"end":5188.622},{"text":"expressed","start":5188.622,"end":5189.088},{"text":"by","start":5189.088,"end":5189.265},{"text":"various","start":5189.265,"end":5189.666},{"text":"states","start":5189.666,"end":5190.213},{"text":"which","start":5191,"end":5191.16},{"text":"have","start":5191.16,"end":5191.305},{"text":"shared","start":5191.401,"end":5191.883},{"text":"valuable","start":5191.883,"end":5192.333},{"text":"reflections","start":5192.462,"end":5193.233},{"text":"on","start":5193.41,"end":5193.474},{"text":"the","start":5193.506,"end":5193.731},{"text":"content,","start":5193.731,"end":5194.229},{"text":"scope,","start":5194.245,"end":5194.727},{"text":"and","start":5194.856,"end":5195.033},{"text":"potential","start":5195.033,"end":5195.579},{"text":"future","start":5195.579,"end":5196.045},{"text":"measures","start":5196.141,"end":5196.527},{"text":"related","start":5196.623,"end":5196.961},{"text":"to","start":5196.961,"end":5197.121},{"text":"the","start":5197.121,"end":5197.25},{"text":"articles.","start":5197.266,"end":5197.732}]},{"text":"In particular, We highlight the appeals to continue to consider the item in order to garner consensus and, at the right time, evaluate the viability of a legally binding instrument to codify the applicable rules in diplomatic protection, guaranteeing a balance between state sovereignty and the effective protection of individual rights.","start":5198.632,"end":5220.966,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."},{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5198.632,"end":5198.696},{"text":"particular,","start":5198.808,"end":5199.499},{"text":"We","start":5200.077,"end":5200.286},{"text":"highlight","start":5200.318,"end":5200.976},{"text":"the","start":5200.976,"end":5201.233},{"text":"appeals","start":5202.004,"end":5202.47},{"text":"to","start":5202.502,"end":5202.598},{"text":"continue","start":5202.646,"end":5203.16},{"text":"to","start":5203.305,"end":5203.401},{"text":"consider","start":5203.449,"end":5203.947},{"text":"the","start":5204.123,"end":5204.3},{"text":"item","start":5204.412,"end":5204.685},{"text":"in","start":5204.685,"end":5204.814},{"text":"order","start":5204.814,"end":5204.91},{"text":"to","start":5204.91,"end":5205.151},{"text":"garner","start":5205.151,"end":5205.472},{"text":"consensus","start":5205.472,"end":5206.339},{"text":"and,","start":5206.419,"end":5206.692},{"text":"at","start":5206.757,"end":5206.901},{"text":"the","start":5206.901,"end":5206.997},{"text":"right","start":5207.062,"end":5207.319},{"text":"time,","start":5207.319,"end":5207.752},{"text":"evaluate","start":5207.897,"end":5208.523},{"text":"the","start":5208.523,"end":5208.619},{"text":"viability","start":5208.619,"end":5209.293},{"text":"of","start":5209.486,"end":5209.647},{"text":"a","start":5209.647,"end":5209.791},{"text":"legally","start":5209.791,"end":5210.177},{"text":"binding","start":5210.193,"end":5210.498},{"text":"instrument","start":5210.594,"end":5211.076},{"text":"to","start":5211.076,"end":5211.172},{"text":"codify","start":5211.172,"end":5211.686},{"text":"the","start":5211.814,"end":5211.911},{"text":"applicable","start":5211.911,"end":5212.424},{"text":"rules","start":5212.601,"end":5212.906},{"text":"in","start":5213.34,"end":5213.436},{"text":"diplomatic","start":5213.5,"end":5214.207},{"text":"protection,","start":5214.223,"end":5214.833},{"text":"guaranteeing","start":5214.945,"end":5215.716},{"text":"a","start":5215.892,"end":5215.941},{"text":"balance","start":5216.133,"end":5216.551},{"text":"between","start":5216.551,"end":5216.84},{"text":"state","start":5216.888,"end":5217.289},{"text":"sovereignty","start":5217.289,"end":5217.932},{"text":"and","start":5218.461,"end":5218.526},{"text":"the","start":5218.638,"end":5218.783},{"text":"effective","start":5218.783,"end":5219.184},{"text":"protection","start":5219.184,"end":5219.65},{"text":"of","start":5219.762,"end":5219.842},{"text":"individual","start":5219.842,"end":5220.436},{"text":"rights.","start":5220.485,"end":5220.966}]},{"text":"German.","start":5222.395,"end":5222.781,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"German.","start":5222.395,"end":5222.781}]},{"text":"The Dominican Republic believes that To the extent that the articles, to a large part, reflect customary international law, they are a useful reference to guide states' practice even before the possible adoption of a treaty.","start":5223.375,"end":5238.103,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5223.375,"end":5223.535},{"text":"Dominican","start":5223.535,"end":5224.049},{"text":"Republic","start":5224.081,"end":5224.579},{"text":"believes","start":5224.579,"end":5225.077},{"text":"that","start":5225.125,"end":5225.253},{"text":"To","start":5225.35,"end":5225.462},{"text":"the","start":5225.462,"end":5225.606},{"text":"extent","start":5225.606,"end":5226.168},{"text":"that","start":5226.168,"end":5226.328},{"text":"the","start":5226.328,"end":5226.472},{"text":"articles,","start":5226.569,"end":5227.114},{"text":"to","start":5227.628,"end":5227.756},{"text":"a","start":5227.788,"end":5227.932},{"text":"large","start":5227.932,"end":5228.157},{"text":"part,","start":5228.189,"end":5228.494},{"text":"reflect","start":5228.51,"end":5229.119},{"text":"customary","start":5229.312,"end":5229.681},{"text":"international","start":5229.697,"end":5230.307},{"text":"law,","start":5230.435,"end":5230.627},{"text":"they","start":5231.237,"end":5231.349},{"text":"are","start":5231.782,"end":5231.943},{"text":"a","start":5231.943,"end":5232.103},{"text":"useful","start":5232.103,"end":5232.585},{"text":"reference","start":5232.601,"end":5233.146},{"text":"to","start":5233.146,"end":5233.323},{"text":"guide","start":5233.323,"end":5233.804},{"text":"states'","start":5233.884,"end":5234.365},{"text":"practice","start":5234.365,"end":5234.895},{"text":"even","start":5235.232,"end":5235.456},{"text":"before","start":5235.889,"end":5236.387},{"text":"the","start":5236.451,"end":5236.611},{"text":"possible","start":5236.611,"end":5237.012},{"text":"adoption","start":5237.012,"end":5237.558},{"text":"of","start":5237.558,"end":5237.638},{"text":"a","start":5237.638,"end":5237.654},{"text":"treaty.","start":5237.654,"end":5238.103}]},{"text":"However, we recognize that certain aspects, such as the protection of stateless persons and refugees, the exhaustion of domestic remedies, or the concept of predominant nationality, warrant further analysis and greater conceptual precision, particularly in light of the implications that they might have for states in sovereignty and determination of nationality, as was noted in the observations made by various states.","start":5238.841,"end":5265.76,"topics":[{"key":"stateless-refugee-protection","label":"Protection of Stateless Persons and Refugees","description":"Several delegations highlighted the draft articles' treatment of stateless persons and refugees as an important issue in its own right. Some welcomed these provisions as progressive development that protects vulnerable people, while others questioned whether they reflect customary international law."},{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be 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delegation believes that the debate in the Sixth Committee provides a valuable opportunity to identify meeting points and potential differences of opinions in the application interpretation of the articles in order to build a gradual consensus towards the next 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in this sense, we are grateful to the Secretariat for collecting the written views of member states and for the committee to assess these in a balanced 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Dominican Republic reaffirms its commitment to strengthening the international rule of law, the responsibility of states, and the protection of human rights in all of their dimensions.","start":5295.604,"end":5306.099,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. 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have therefore concluded our debate on this item.","start":5334.232,"end":5337.645,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5334.232,"end":5334.378},{"text":"have","start":5334.378,"end":5334.492},{"text":"therefore","start":5334.492,"end":5334.915},{"text":"concluded","start":5335.028,"end":5335.597},{"text":"our","start":5335.597,"end":5335.76},{"text":"debate","start":5335.76,"end":5336.28},{"text":"on","start":5336.913,"end":5337.011},{"text":"this","start":5337.06,"end":5337.125},{"text":"item.","start":5337.303,"end":5337.645}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, I wish to inform you that the draft resolution for this agenda item will be coordinated this year by Mr. Cheikh Mohamadou Bamba Gaye of 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agreed at our first meeting this year, we will provide the coordinators assigned to each agenda item with the opportunity to take the the floor to give a brief indication of their plans and, if possible, to introduce the initial draft of their proposals for a draft resolution where 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such, does Mr. Galle wish to take the floor on this agenda item?","start":5371.601,"end":5375.944,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":5371.601,"end":5371.859},{"text":"such,","start":5371.859,"end":5372.229},{"text":"does","start":5372.502,"end":5372.711},{"text":"Mr.","start":5372.808,"end":5373.21},{"text":"Galle","start":5373.306,"end":5373.724},{"text":"wish","start":5373.95,"end":5374.062},{"text":"to","start":5374.126,"end":5374.287},{"text":"take","start":5374.287,"end":5374.513},{"text":"the","start":5374.513,"end":5374.593},{"text":"floor","start":5374.593,"end":5374.85},{"text":"on","start":5374.915,"end":5375.043},{"text":"this","start":5375.059,"end":5375.124},{"text":"agenda","start":5375.236,"end":5375.526},{"text":"item?","start":5375.622,"end":5375.944}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":50,"start":5381.342,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=5382","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Merci beaucoup, Monsieur le Président.","start":5381.342,"end":5382.417,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Merci","start":5381.342,"end":5381.739},{"text":"beaucoup,","start":5381.739,"end":5381.97},{"text":"Monsieur","start":5381.987,"end":5382.169},{"text":"le","start":5382.169,"end":5382.235},{"text":"Président.","start":5382.235,"end":5382.417}]},{"text":"Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman.","start":5382.566,"end":5383.856,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5382.566,"end":5382.797},{"text":"you","start":5382.797,"end":5382.83},{"text":"very","start":5382.83,"end":5382.996},{"text":"much,","start":5382.996,"end":5383.211},{"text":"Mr.","start":5383.227,"end":5383.492},{"text":"Chairman.","start":5383.542,"end":5383.856}]},{"text":"I'd like to begin by thanking the Bureau for the trust placed in me by naming me coordinator of the resolution on item 82 of our agenda entitled Diplomatic Protection.","start":5386.111,"end":5396.979,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"I'd","start":5386.111,"end":5386.207},{"text":"like","start":5386.207,"end":5386.4},{"text":"to","start":5386.4,"end":5386.464},{"text":"begin","start":5386.48,"end":5386.865},{"text":"by","start":5386.897,"end":5387.058},{"text":"thanking","start":5387.058,"end":5387.507},{"text":"the","start":5387.845,"end":5388.021},{"text":"Bureau","start":5388.021,"end":5388.358},{"text":"for","start":5388.358,"end":5388.84},{"text":"the","start":5388.84,"end":5389.065},{"text":"trust","start":5389.065,"end":5389.338},{"text":"placed","start":5389.386,"end":5389.787},{"text":"in","start":5389.787,"end":5389.915},{"text":"me","start":5389.948,"end":5390.188},{"text":"by","start":5390.253,"end":5390.509},{"text":"naming","start":5390.766,"end":5391.601},{"text":"me","start":5391.633,"end":5391.858},{"text":"coordinator","start":5391.858,"end":5392.596},{"text":"of","start":5392.596,"end":5392.725},{"text":"the","start":5392.741,"end":5392.901},{"text":"resolution","start":5392.901,"end":5393.511},{"text":"on","start":5393.784,"end":5393.929},{"text":"item","start":5394.121,"end":5394.523},{"text":"82","start":5394.523,"end":5395.004},{"text":"of","start":5395.004,"end":5395.165},{"text":"our","start":5395.165,"end":5395.229},{"text":"agenda","start":5395.229,"end":5395.727},{"text":"entitled","start":5395.727,"end":5396.112},{"text":"Diplomatic","start":5396.112,"end":5396.594},{"text":"Protection.","start":5396.594,"end":5396.979}]},{"text":"I have followed our debate with interest and taken note of the statements by delegations which reflect in many regards the rich history which links our committee to the draft articles prepared by the International Law Commission.","start":5397.171,"end":5407.815,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5397.171,"end":5397.252},{"text":"have","start":5397.252,"end":5397.332},{"text":"followed","start":5397.332,"end":5397.717},{"text":"our","start":5397.717,"end":5397.814},{"text":"debate","start":5397.814,"end":5398.279},{"text":"with","start":5398.279,"end":5398.408},{"text":"interest","start":5398.456,"end":5399.018},{"text":"and","start":5399.018,"end":5399.098},{"text":"taken","start":5399.098,"end":5399.419},{"text":"note","start":5399.419,"end":5399.66},{"text":"of","start":5399.66,"end":5399.788},{"text":"the","start":5399.804,"end":5399.917},{"text":"statements","start":5399.917,"end":5400.462},{"text":"by","start":5400.462,"end":5400.543},{"text":"delegations","start":5400.543,"end":5401.249},{"text":"which","start":5401.249,"end":5401.409},{"text":"reflect","start":5401.409,"end":5401.891},{"text":"in","start":5402.132,"end":5402.228},{"text":"many","start":5402.228,"end":5402.389},{"text":"regards","start":5402.389,"end":5402.758},{"text":"the","start":5402.854,"end":5402.999},{"text":"rich","start":5403.015,"end":5403.159},{"text":"history","start":5403.256,"end":5403.721},{"text":"which","start":5403.753,"end":5403.882},{"text":"links","start":5403.994,"end":5404.299},{"text":"our","start":5404.379,"end":5404.556},{"text":"committee","start":5404.877,"end":5405.326},{"text":"to","start":5405.359,"end":5405.519},{"text":"the","start":5405.519,"end":5405.599},{"text":"draft","start":5405.599,"end":5405.904},{"text":"articles","start":5405.904,"end":5406.193},{"text":"prepared","start":5406.193,"end":5406.546},{"text":"by","start":5406.546,"end":5406.643},{"text":"the","start":5406.643,"end":5406.723},{"text":"International","start":5406.723,"end":5407.189},{"text":"Law","start":5407.189,"end":5407.365},{"text":"Commission.","start":5407.365,"end":5407.815}]},{"text":"I'd also like to express my commitment to work with you for the diligent consensus base for adoption of the resolution this session.","start":5408.248,"end":5413.914,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."}],"words":[{"text":"I'd","start":5408.248,"end":5408.328},{"text":"also","start":5408.328,"end":5408.489},{"text":"like","start":5408.489,"end":5408.649},{"text":"to","start":5408.649,"end":5408.73},{"text":"express","start":5408.73,"end":5409.131},{"text":"my","start":5409.131,"end":5409.275},{"text":"commitment","start":5409.275,"end":5409.613},{"text":"to","start":5409.613,"end":5409.741},{"text":"work","start":5409.757,"end":5409.95},{"text":"with","start":5410.078,"end":5410.271},{"text":"you","start":5410.415,"end":5410.656},{"text":"for","start":5410.736,"end":5410.993},{"text":"the","start":5410.993,"end":5411.138},{"text":"diligent","start":5411.138,"end":5411.587},{"text":"consensus","start":5411.619,"end":5412.101},{"text":"base","start":5412.101,"end":5412.293},{"text":"for","start":5412.31,"end":5412.406},{"text":"adoption","start":5412.406,"end":5412.614},{"text":"of","start":5412.647,"end":5412.711},{"text":"the","start":5412.743,"end":5412.823},{"text":"resolution","start":5412.823,"end":5413.353},{"text":"this","start":5413.385,"end":5413.513},{"text":"session.","start":5413.545,"end":5413.914}]},{"text":"In this regard, informal consultations are planned for the 5th of November this year from 2:00 to 2:45 PM.","start":5414.332,"end":5422.148,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5414.332,"end":5414.364},{"text":"this","start":5414.364,"end":5414.573},{"text":"regard,","start":5414.573,"end":5414.877},{"text":"informal","start":5414.974,"end":5415.455},{"text":"consultations","start":5415.455,"end":5416.178},{"text":"are","start":5416.194,"end":5416.274},{"text":"planned","start":5416.274,"end":5416.547},{"text":"for","start":5416.579,"end":5416.691},{"text":"the","start":5416.691,"end":5416.82},{"text":"5th","start":5416.836,"end":5417.076},{"text":"of","start":5417.076,"end":5417.173},{"text":"November","start":5417.173,"end":5417.638},{"text":"this","start":5417.638,"end":5417.75},{"text":"year","start":5417.879,"end":5418.055},{"text":"from","start":5418.762,"end":5419.051},{"text":"2:00","start":5419.067,"end":5419.885},{"text":"to","start":5419.885,"end":5419.949},{"text":"2:45","start":5419.949,"end":5421.779},{"text":"PM.","start":5421.811,"end":5422.148}]},{"text":"In— with this in mind, the initial draft resolution will be distributed this afternoon with the support of the Secretariat.","start":5422.678,"end":5428.295,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In—","start":5422.678,"end":5422.726},{"text":"with","start":5423.095,"end":5423.256},{"text":"this","start":5423.256,"end":5423.368},{"text":"in","start":5423.416,"end":5423.545},{"text":"mind,","start":5423.561,"end":5423.882},{"text":"the","start":5423.898,"end":5424.026},{"text":"initial","start":5424.042,"end":5424.411},{"text":"draft","start":5424.443,"end":5424.7},{"text":"resolution","start":5424.7,"end":5425.149},{"text":"will","start":5425.262,"end":5425.39},{"text":"be","start":5425.487,"end":5425.647},{"text":"distributed","start":5425.647,"end":5426.369},{"text":"this","start":5426.369,"end":5426.53},{"text":"afternoon","start":5426.53,"end":5427.075},{"text":"with","start":5427.092,"end":5427.156},{"text":"the","start":5427.156,"end":5427.204},{"text":"support","start":5427.204,"end":5427.445},{"text":"of","start":5427.445,"end":5427.493},{"text":"the","start":5427.493,"end":5427.525},{"text":"Secretariat.","start":5427.525,"end":5428.295}]},{"text":"As you will see, this is a technical update of the resolution adopted at the 77th session of the General Assembly.","start":5428.472,"end":5434.619,"topics":[{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader 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circulated, delegations, so who are inclined will be able to submit their proposals for this draft 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full availability to work with you.","start":5442.771,"end":5446.445,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":5442.771,"end":5443.124},{"text":"I'd","start":5443.14,"end":5443.22},{"text":"like","start":5443.236,"end":5443.332},{"text":"to","start":5443.38,"end":5443.477},{"text":"reiterate","start":5443.477,"end":5444.022},{"text":"my","start":5444.022,"end":5444.198},{"text":"full","start":5444.198,"end":5444.391},{"text":"availability","start":5444.6,"end":5445.37},{"text":"to","start":5445.402,"end":5445.482},{"text":"work","start":5445.546,"end":5445.883},{"text":"with","start":5445.883,"end":5446.092},{"text":"you.","start":5446.188,"end":5446.445}]},{"text":"My contact details will also be shared with you.","start":5447.006,"end":5448.867,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":5447.006,"end":5447.102},{"text":"contact","start":5447.231,"end":5447.552},{"text":"details","start":5447.552,"end":5447.856},{"text":"will","start":5447.889,"end":5447.985},{"text":"also","start":5448.033,"end":5448.209},{"text":"be","start":5448.209,"end":5448.354},{"text":"shared","start":5448.354,"end":5448.578},{"text":"with","start":5448.675,"end":5448.803},{"text":"you.","start":5448.835,"end":5448.867}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Cheikh Mohamadou Bamba Gaye","affiliation":"SEN","affiliation_full":"Senegal","group":null,"function":"Coordinator"}},{"statement_number":51,"start":5448.931,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=5449","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very 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efforts.","start":5450.857,"end":5457.772,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5450.857,"end":5450.905},{"text":"thank","start":5451.001,"end":5451.178},{"text":"Mr.","start":5451.178,"end":5451.579},{"text":"Geyer","start":5451.819,"end":5452.14},{"text":"for","start":5452.14,"end":5452.285},{"text":"his","start":5452.285,"end":5452.349},{"text":"statement","start":5452.397,"end":5452.91},{"text":"and","start":5453.327,"end":5453.632},{"text":"for","start":5453.664,"end":5453.809},{"text":"the","start":5453.809,"end":5453.905},{"text":"information","start":5453.905,"end":5454.434},{"text":"provided,","start":5454.531,"end":5455.044},{"text":"and","start":5455.108,"end":5455.253},{"text":"of","start":5455.253,"end":5455.333},{"text":"course","start":5455.349,"end":5455.606},{"text":"I","start":5455.606,"end":5455.638},{"text":"wish","start":5455.67,"end":5455.846},{"text":"you","start":5455.894,"end":5455.927},{"text":"all","start":5456.536,"end":5456.584},{"text":"the","start":5456.697,"end":5456.793},{"text":"best","start":5456.793,"end":5457.114},{"text":"in","start":5457.114,"end":5457.178},{"text":"your","start":5457.178,"end":5457.306},{"text":"efforts.","start":5457.354,"end":5457.772}]},{"text":"I also wish to encourage the coordinator to use the e-sponsorship module in the eDelegate portal for the circulation of the draft resolution as soon as possible and to submit it for processing in good 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delegates, the Sixth Committee will now consider Agenda Item 79, United Nations Program of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination, and Wider Appreciation of International 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draw your attention to the report of the Secretary-General on this topic, which is contained in Document 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report is available on the website of the Sixth Committee.","start":5499.245,"end":5502.528,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5499.245,"end":5499.326},{"text":"report","start":5499.326,"end":5499.747},{"text":"is","start":5499.747,"end":5499.86},{"text":"available","start":5499.892,"end":5500.442},{"text":"on","start":5500.442,"end":5500.539},{"text":"the","start":5500.539,"end":5500.62},{"text":"website","start":5500.62,"end":5501.235},{"text":"of","start":5501.671,"end":5501.752},{"text":"the","start":5501.752,"end":5501.833},{"text":"Sixth","start":5501.833,"end":5502.124},{"text":"Committee.","start":5502.14,"end":5502.528}]},{"text":"I understand that the Advisory Committee on the Programme of Assistance, chaired by Mr. Hafiz Issahaku, Minister and Head of Chancery at the Permanent Mission of Ghana, had a successful meeting at its 60th session held on 7 October 2025, and I would like to remind delegations that a brief summary of that meeting is contained in the 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delegates, as you know, the Secretariat has traditionally provided information on the implementation of the activities under the Programme of 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therefore have with us today the Secretary of the Advisory Committee, Mr. Markus Pálec, who will provide an overview of the activities during the reporting 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also have with us Mr. Vladimir Harris, the Director of the Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, to address the Committee on the Hamilton Shirley Amerasinghe Memorial Fellowship on the Law of the 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the statement of the Chair of the Advisory Committee, I will invite the Secretary of the Advisory Committee and the Director of the Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea to make their 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of the Committee expressed the hope that voluntary contributions will continue to be made, while emphasizing the importance of regular budget funding for the Program of 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to its mandate, the Advisory Committee reviewed the activities undertaken during the reporting period and took note of proposed activities for the year 2026, including the resulting administrative and financial 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Programme of Assistance continues to enjoy the overwhelming support of all members of the Committee, who alluded to its intrinsic value to the realization of the principles and purposes of the United Nations Charter, as well as to its contribution to international peace and security and to promoting friendly relations and cooperation among 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my remarks to the Committee, I highlighted that we celebrate this year both the 80th anniversary of the United Nations in the 60th anniversary of the Programme of 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was pleased to note that the general view of the Committee that the Programme of Assistance remains a crucially important tool for enhancing the legal capacities of national experts, and more so for strengthening our collective commitment to Peace and 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was also noted that the Hamilton Shelley Amerasim Memorial Fellowship on the Law of the Sea was awarded in 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the meeting of the Advisory Committee, the Under-Secretary-General for Legal Affairs and United Nations Legal Council, presented her proposal already submitted to the Fifth Committee of the General Assembly as part of the revised estimates for the 2026 program budget of the organization to reduce the frequency of the training programs conducted under the program of assistance from an annual to a biannual 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this respect, I wish to reiterate the committee's appreciation for the contributions received from Austria, Burkina Faso, Cyprus, Czechia, Finland, the Philippines, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, and 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committee also acknowledged in-kind contributions of member states the African Union, the International Court of Justice, UN regional commissions, and the Hague Academy of International Law.","start":5854.135,"end":5863.875,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5854.135,"end":5854.215},{"text":"committee","start":5854.215,"end":5854.664},{"text":"also","start":5854.696,"end":5854.905},{"text":"acknowledged","start":5854.921,"end":5855.386},{"text":"in-kind","start":5855.482,"end":5855.963},{"text":"contributions","start":5855.963,"end":5856.588},{"text":"of","start":5856.636,"end":5856.764},{"text":"member","start":5856.78,"end":5857.021},{"text":"states","start":5857.021,"end":5857.293},{"text":"the","start":5857.743,"end":5857.807},{"text":"African","start":5857.807,"end":5858.224},{"text":"Union,","start":5858.224,"end":5858.674},{"text":"the","start":5858.802,"end":5858.931},{"text":"International","start":5858.931,"end":5859.492},{"text":"Court","start":5859.492,"end":5859.653},{"text":"of","start":5859.653,"end":5859.717},{"text":"Justice,","start":5859.814,"end":5860.119},{"text":"UN","start":5860.873,"end":5861.082},{"text":"regional","start":5861.114,"end":5861.499},{"text":"commissions,","start":5861.499,"end":5861.965},{"text":"and","start":5862.077,"end":5862.141},{"text":"the","start":5862.157,"end":5862.318},{"text":"Hague","start":5862.318,"end":5862.494},{"text":"Academy","start":5862.623,"end":5863.008},{"text":"of","start":5863.104,"end":5863.169},{"text":"International","start":5863.201,"end":5863.827},{"text":"Law.","start":5863.827,"end":5863.875}]},{"text":"The Committee is particularly grateful to the host countries of the training programs for their organizational support, which have always been vital to the success of the 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bringing my report to a close, allow me to reiterate Ghana's longstanding commitment to the realization of the objectives of the Programme of Assistance and our chairmanship of the Advisory 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highly value the support and cooperation demonstrated over the years by all member states and remain committed in our 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Kwesi Aduyobo, the legal advisor of the Permanent Mission of Ghana, will be introducing the zero draft at the close of the debate with the intention of undertaking in-person consultations at scheduled times to be indicated by the 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look forward to your distinguished participation in the consultations and count on your cooperation.","start":5907.539,"end":5912.126,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5907.539,"end":5907.635},{"text":"look","start":5907.699,"end":5907.812},{"text":"forward","start":5907.86,"end":5908.084},{"text":"to","start":5908.116,"end":5908.26},{"text":"your","start":5908.26,"end":5908.357},{"text":"distinguished","start":5908.357,"end":5908.95},{"text":"participation","start":5909.158,"end":5909.831},{"text":"in","start":5909.96,"end":5910.008},{"text":"the","start":5910.04,"end":5910.184},{"text":"consultations","start":5910.184,"end":5910.889},{"text":"and","start":5911.069,"end":5911.168},{"text":"count","start":5911.168,"end":5911.416},{"text":"on","start":5911.416,"end":5911.498},{"text":"your","start":5911.498,"end":5911.663},{"text":"cooperation.","start":5911.663,"end":5912.126}]},{"text":"I thank 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Pawlak.","start":5919.824,"end":5923.938,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5919.824,"end":5919.841},{"text":"now","start":5919.841,"end":5919.986},{"text":"give","start":5920.066,"end":5920.228},{"text":"the","start":5920.228,"end":5920.308},{"text":"floor","start":5920.308,"end":5920.631},{"text":"to","start":5920.631,"end":5920.76},{"text":"the","start":5920.776,"end":5920.857},{"text":"Secretary","start":5920.857,"end":5921.486},{"text":"of","start":5921.502,"end":5921.599},{"text":"the","start":5921.599,"end":5921.744},{"text":"Advisory","start":5921.76,"end":5922.325},{"text":"Committee,","start":5922.325,"end":5922.745},{"text":"Mr.","start":5922.809,"end":5923.083},{"text":"Markus","start":5923.132,"end":5923.616},{"text":"Pawlak.","start":5923.616,"end":5923.938}]},{"text":"You have the floor, sir.","start":5924.245,"end":5925.038,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":5924.245,"end":5924.31},{"text":"have","start":5924.31,"end":5924.5},{"text":"the","start":5924.5,"end":5924.587},{"text":"floor,","start":5924.587,"end":5924.847},{"text":"sir.","start":5924.864,"end":5925.038}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":54,"start":5928.51,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=5929","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Ambassador.","start":5928.51,"end":5929.427,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5928.51,"end":5928.797},{"text":"you,","start":5928.797,"end":5928.833},{"text":"Ambassador.","start":5928.851,"end":5929.427}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5931.969,"end":5932.164,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5931.969,"end":5932.164}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair, distinguished delegates, it is an honor for me to address you today in my capacity as Secretary of the Advisory Committee on the United Nations Programme of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law.","start":5932.213,"end":5947.995,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":5932.213,"end":5932.57},{"text":"distinguished","start":5933.366,"end":5933.999},{"text":"delegates,","start":5933.999,"end":5934.584},{"text":"it","start":5935.298,"end":5935.379},{"text":"is","start":5935.379,"end":5935.444},{"text":"an","start":5935.477,"end":5935.525},{"text":"honor","start":5935.623,"end":5935.802},{"text":"for","start":5935.802,"end":5935.931},{"text":"me","start":5935.931,"end":5936.159},{"text":"to","start":5936.191,"end":5936.337},{"text":"address","start":5936.37,"end":5936.581},{"text":"you","start":5936.695,"end":5936.841},{"text":"today","start":5936.841,"end":5937.101},{"text":"in","start":5937.101,"end":5937.133},{"text":"my","start":5937.133,"end":5937.344},{"text":"capacity","start":5937.344,"end":5937.912},{"text":"as","start":5937.912,"end":5937.945},{"text":"Secretary","start":5937.945,"end":5938.578},{"text":"of","start":5938.922,"end":5939.018},{"text":"the","start":5939.066,"end":5939.162},{"text":"Advisory","start":5939.162,"end":5939.611},{"text":"Committee","start":5939.707,"end":5940.172},{"text":"on","start":5940.685,"end":5940.733},{"text":"the","start":5940.765,"end":5940.845},{"text":"United","start":5940.845,"end":5941.23},{"text":"Nations","start":5941.23,"end":5941.583},{"text":"Programme","start":5941.647,"end":5941.935},{"text":"of","start":5941.967,"end":5942.064},{"text":"Assistance","start":5942.064,"end":5942.801},{"text":"in","start":5942.929,"end":5942.977},{"text":"the","start":5943.009,"end":5943.17},{"text":"Teaching,","start":5943.17,"end":5943.619},{"text":"Study,","start":5943.731,"end":5944.1},{"text":"Dissemination","start":5944.837,"end":5945.542},{"text":"and","start":5945.735,"end":5945.799},{"text":"Wider","start":5945.895,"end":5946.232},{"text":"Appreciation","start":5946.296,"end":5947.049},{"text":"of","start":5947.097,"end":5947.193},{"text":"International","start":5947.193,"end":5947.899},{"text":"Law.","start":5947.899,"end":5947.995}]},{"text":"The Programme of Assistance was established 60 years ago, but the need for training and educational materials in international law remains just as important today.","start":5949.406,"end":5959.601,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. 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Mr. Chair, ladies and gentlemen, distinguished delegates.","start":5975.14,"end":5979.905,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Monsieur","start":5975.14,"end":5975.242},{"text":"le","start":5975.242,"end":5975.283},{"text":"Président.","start":5975.283,"end":5975.467},{"text":"Mr.","start":5976.62,"end":5976.911},{"text":"Chair,","start":5976.976,"end":5977.396},{"text":"ladies","start":5977.785,"end":5978.157},{"text":"and","start":5978.27,"end":5978.335},{"text":"gentlemen,","start":5978.416,"end":5978.82},{"text":"distinguished","start":5978.837,"end":5979.322},{"text":"delegates.","start":5979.322,"end":5979.905}]},{"text":"It is a great honour for me to present to you a brief overview of the implementation of the Programme during the period under consideration, in particular regarding the training programs, the International Audiovisual Library, and the publications of the Office of Legal Affairs.","start":5980.924,"end":6001.175,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. 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Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":6095.197,"end":6095.47},{"text":"distinguished","start":6096.097,"end":6096.642},{"text":"delegates,","start":6096.642,"end":6097.301},{"text":"Among","start":6098.516,"end":6098.725},{"text":"the","start":6098.757,"end":6098.837},{"text":"95","start":6098.837,"end":6099.69},{"text":"participants","start":6099.722,"end":6100.462},{"text":"who","start":6100.51,"end":6100.575},{"text":"attended","start":6100.607,"end":6101.057},{"text":"the","start":6101.09,"end":6101.17},{"text":"training","start":6101.234,"end":6101.54},{"text":"programmes","start":6101.572,"end":6102.183},{"text":"in","start":6102.296,"end":6102.344},{"text":"the","start":6102.441,"end":6102.602},{"text":"period","start":6102.698,"end":6103.149},{"text":"under","start":6103.181,"end":6103.406},{"text":"review,","start":6103.406,"end":6103.76},{"text":"81","start":6104.532,"end":6105.143},{"text":"benefited","start":6105.578,"end":6106.125},{"text":"from","start":6106.865,"end":6107.01},{"text":"a","start":6107.026,"end":6107.042},{"text":"scholarship","start":6107.042,"end":6107.608},{"text":"covering","start":6107.673,"end":6107.98},{"text":"all","start":6108.158,"end":6108.223},{"text":"their","start":6108.401,"end":6108.627},{"text":"costs","start":6108.643,"end":6108.934},{"text":"and","start":6109.064,"end":6109.242},{"text":"14","start":6109.29,"end":6109.969},{"text":"attended","start":6110.439,"end":6110.891},{"text":"on","start":6111.166,"end":6111.215},{"text":"a","start":6111.263,"end":6111.328},{"text":"self-funded","start":6111.328,"end":6112.347},{"text":"basis.","start":6112.46,"end":6112.849}]},{"text":"These 95 participants came from 76 different states.","start":6114.37,"end":6119.809,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. 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Division remains available to address any questions in this regard.","start":7210.023,"end":7213.721,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7210.023,"end":7210.282},{"text":"Division","start":7210.347,"end":7210.704},{"text":"remains","start":7210.753,"end":7211.077},{"text":"available","start":7211.093,"end":7211.547},{"text":"to","start":7211.564,"end":7211.71},{"text":"address","start":7211.726,"end":7212.083},{"text":"any","start":7212.115,"end":7212.229},{"text":"questions","start":7212.277,"end":7212.78},{"text":"in","start":7213.007,"end":7213.121},{"text":"this","start":7213.121,"end":7213.332},{"text":"regard.","start":7213.332,"end":7213.721}]},{"text":"Thank you, Mr. President.","start":7214.159,"end":7215.035,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7214.159,"end":7214.386},{"text":"you,","start":7214.386,"end":7214.418},{"text":"Mr.","start":7214.434,"end":7214.597},{"text":"President.","start":7214.645,"end":7215.035}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Vladimir 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Agenda Item 79, United Nations Programme of Assistance in the Teaching study, dissemination, and wider appreciation of international law.","start":7253.136,"end":7263.562,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"Under","start":7253.136,"end":7253.378},{"text":"Agenda","start":7253.442,"end":7253.861},{"text":"Item","start":7254.022,"end":7254.392},{"text":"79,","start":7254.424,"end":7255.197},{"text":"United","start":7255.857,"end":7256.259},{"text":"Nations","start":7256.259,"end":7256.581},{"text":"Programme","start":7256.597,"end":7257.096},{"text":"of","start":7257.306,"end":7257.354},{"text":"Assistance","start":7257.418,"end":7258.143},{"text":"in","start":7258.272,"end":7258.352},{"text":"the","start":7258.368,"end":7258.529},{"text":"Teaching","start":7258.529,"end":7258.9},{"text":"study,","start":7259.27,"end":7259.671},{"text":"dissemination,","start":7260.105,"end":7260.877},{"text":"and","start":7261.054,"end":7261.215},{"text":"wider","start":7261.215,"end":7261.52},{"text":"appreciation","start":7261.568,"end":7262.244},{"text":"of","start":7262.742,"end":7262.79},{"text":"international","start":7262.838,"end":7263.481},{"text":"law.","start":7263.481,"end":7263.562}]},{"text":"The Group of 77 and China would like to thank the Secretary-General for his report A/80/437, which provides a detailed account of activities undertaken to implement the Programme of Assistance.","start":7264.993,"end":7280.092,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. 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you, Mr. Chair.","start":7651.238,"end":7652.219,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7651.238,"end":7651.431},{"text":"you,","start":7651.479,"end":7651.56},{"text":"Mr.","start":7651.801,"end":7651.978},{"text":"Chair.","start":7652.042,"end":7652.219}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IRQ","affiliation_full":"Iraq","group":"G77 + China","function":"Permanent Representative"}},{"statement_number":59,"start":7653.683,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=7654","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the Permanent Representative of Iraq for his statement on behalf of the G77 and 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Movement.","start":7660.613,"end":7666.354,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7660.613,"end":7660.629},{"text":"call","start":7660.694,"end":7661.049},{"text":"on","start":7661.082,"end":7661.146},{"text":"the","start":7661.26,"end":7661.421},{"text":"distinguished","start":7661.421,"end":7661.907},{"text":"representative","start":7661.907,"end":7662.812},{"text":"of","start":7662.861,"end":7663.055},{"text":"Iran","start":7663.055,"end":7663.411},{"text":"speaking","start":7663.912,"end":7664.3},{"text":"on","start":7664.397,"end":7664.494},{"text":"behalf","start":7664.494,"end":7664.979},{"text":"of","start":7664.979,"end":7665.109},{"text":"the","start":7665.141,"end":7665.335},{"text":"Non-Aligned","start":7665.448,"end":7665.982},{"text":"Movement.","start":7666.031,"end":7666.354}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":60,"start":7669.815,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=7670","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":7669.815,"end":7670.615,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7669.815,"end":7669.995},{"text":"you,","start":7670.044,"end":7670.077},{"text":"Mr.","start":7670.093,"end":7670.338},{"text":"Chair.","start":7670.387,"end":7670.615}]},{"text":"I have the honor to deliver this statement on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement.","start":7670.697,"end":7674.386,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7670.697,"end":7670.778},{"text":"have","start":7670.778,"end":7670.893},{"text":"the","start":7670.942,"end":7671.007},{"text":"honor","start":7671.105,"end":7671.35},{"text":"to","start":7671.35,"end":7671.513},{"text":"deliver","start":7671.513,"end":7671.921},{"text":"this","start":7671.921,"end":7672.166},{"text":"statement","start":7672.166,"end":7672.819},{"text":"on","start":7672.819,"end":7672.868},{"text":"behalf","start":7672.917,"end":7673.194},{"text":"of","start":7673.308,"end":7673.357},{"text":"the","start":7673.406,"end":7673.488},{"text":"Non-Aligned","start":7673.504,"end":7674.027},{"text":"Movement.","start":7674.059,"end":7674.386}]},{"text":"The Non-Aligned Movement extends its appreciation to the members of the advisory committee and the United Nations Programme of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination, and Wider Appreciation of International Law, and its Chair, the Permanent Representative of Ghana to the United Nations, as well as the Codification Division of the Office of Legal Affairs, for their continued commitment and support to the programme and its success.","start":7676.273,"end":7702.852,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7676.273,"end":7676.355},{"text":"Non-Aligned","start":7676.355,"end":7676.892},{"text":"Movement","start":7676.925,"end":7677.413},{"text":"extends","start":7677.413,"end":7677.869},{"text":"its","start":7677.967,"end":7678.146},{"text":"appreciation","start":7678.146,"end":7678.83},{"text":"to","start":7679.041,"end":7679.123},{"text":"the","start":7679.123,"end":7679.204},{"text":"members","start":7679.204,"end":7679.758},{"text":"of","start":7679.758,"end":7679.92},{"text":"the","start":7679.92,"end":7679.969},{"text":"advisory","start":7680.018,"end":7680.555},{"text":"committee","start":7680.572,"end":7680.816},{"text":"and","start":7681.217,"end":7681.281},{"text":"the","start":7681.297,"end":7681.378},{"text":"United","start":7681.378,"end":7681.86},{"text":"Nations","start":7681.86,"end":7682.165},{"text":"Programme","start":7682.197,"end":7682.631},{"text":"of","start":7682.824,"end":7682.937},{"text":"Assistance","start":7682.937,"end":7683.564},{"text":"in","start":7683.628,"end":7683.676},{"text":"the","start":7683.708,"end":7683.821},{"text":"Teaching,","start":7683.821,"end":7684.174},{"text":"Study,","start":7684.319,"end":7684.737},{"text":"Dissemination,","start":7684.849,"end":7685.38},{"text":"and","start":7686.135,"end":7686.2},{"text":"Wider","start":7686.28,"end":7686.698},{"text":"Appreciation","start":7686.698,"end":7687.421},{"text":"of","start":7687.421,"end":7687.582},{"text":"International","start":7687.582,"end":7688.289},{"text":"Law,","start":7688.289,"end":7688.337},{"text":"and","start":7689.494,"end":7689.72},{"text":"its","start":7689.752,"end":7689.864},{"text":"Chair,","start":7689.977,"end":7690.331},{"text":"the","start":7690.541,"end":7690.637},{"text":"Permanent","start":7690.637,"end":7691.104},{"text":"Representative","start":7691.104,"end":7691.91},{"text":"of","start":7691.91,"end":7692.006},{"text":"Ghana","start":7692.006,"end":7692.457},{"text":"to","start":7692.57,"end":7692.667},{"text":"the","start":7692.667,"end":7692.795},{"text":"United","start":7692.795,"end":7693.166},{"text":"Nations,","start":7693.214,"end":7693.585},{"text":"as","start":7694.486,"end":7694.551},{"text":"well","start":7694.647,"end":7694.744},{"text":"as","start":7694.744,"end":7694.873},{"text":"the","start":7694.905,"end":7694.986},{"text":"Codification","start":7694.986,"end":7695.598},{"text":"Division","start":7695.71,"end":7696.628},{"text":"of","start":7696.741,"end":7696.838},{"text":"the","start":7696.838,"end":7696.983},{"text":"Office","start":7696.983,"end":7697.256},{"text":"of","start":7697.256,"end":7697.385},{"text":"Legal","start":7697.385,"end":7697.659},{"text":"Affairs,","start":7697.707,"end":7698.013},{"text":"for","start":7698.126,"end":7698.255},{"text":"their","start":7698.351,"end":7698.464},{"text":"continued","start":7698.529,"end":7699.012},{"text":"commitment","start":7699.012,"end":7699.722},{"text":"and","start":7699.98,"end":7700.044},{"text":"support","start":7700.061,"end":7700.706},{"text":"to","start":7700.706,"end":7700.803},{"text":"the","start":7700.803,"end":7700.948},{"text":"programme","start":7700.948,"end":7701.432},{"text":"and","start":7701.981,"end":7702.206},{"text":"its","start":7702.319,"end":7702.448},{"text":"success.","start":7702.481,"end":7702.852}]},{"text":"The Programme of Assistance, as a means for promoting friendly relations and cooperation among States, is considered to be one of the most important activities of the United Nations, greatly contributing to the promotion of enhancing the knowledge of international law while establishing conditions enhancing respect to principles of the Charter of the United Nations.","start":7705.224,"end":7727.627,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. 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Many called for sustained regular-budget support, supplemented by voluntary contributions and practical partnerships, to preserve annual activities."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":7764.778,"end":7765.099},{"text":"placing","start":7765.099,"end":7765.484},{"text":"emphasis","start":7765.66,"end":7766.221},{"text":"on","start":7766.942,"end":7767.007},{"text":"the","start":7767.039,"end":7767.231},{"text":"strengthening","start":7767.375,"end":7768.049},{"text":"of","start":7768.225,"end":7768.289},{"text":"capacity","start":7768.321,"end":7768.882},{"text":"building","start":7768.946,"end":7769.251},{"text":"among","start":7769.363,"end":7769.571},{"text":"all","start":7769.748,"end":7769.924},{"text":"countries,","start":7769.924,"end":7770.373},{"text":"especially","start":7771.046,"end":7771.575},{"text":"within","start":7771.688,"end":7772.056},{"text":"developing","start":7772.088,"end":7772.521},{"text":"countries,","start":7772.569,"end":7772.938},{"text":"the","start":7773.996,"end":7774.028},{"text":"Nam","start":7774.028,"end":7774.284},{"text":"encourages","start":7774.397,"end":7774.942},{"text":"the","start":7775.038,"end":7775.118},{"text":"Codification","start":7775.118,"end":7775.775},{"text":"Division","start":7775.775,"end":7776.24},{"text":"to","start":7776.24,"end":7776.352},{"text":"also","start":7776.401,"end":7776.721},{"text":"continue","start":7776.721,"end":7777.266},{"text":"the","start":7777.282,"end":7777.378},{"text":"provision","start":7777.378,"end":7777.859},{"text":"of","start":7777.859,"end":7778.004},{"text":"as","start":7778.084,"end":7778.148},{"text":"much","start":7778.244,"end":7778.388},{"text":"free","start":7778.501,"end":7778.773},{"text":"and","start":7778.885,"end":7778.965},{"text":"high-quality","start":7778.981,"end":7779.703},{"text":"training","start":7779.703,"end":7780.152},{"text":"as","start":7780.328,"end":7780.472},{"text":"possible","start":7780.504,"end":7780.953},{"text":"to","start":7781.546,"end":7781.627},{"text":"a","start":7781.627,"end":7781.691},{"text":"larger","start":7781.707,"end":7782.252},{"text":"range","start":7782.252,"end":7782.508},{"text":"of","start":7782.733,"end":7782.893},{"text":"trainers","start":7783.005,"end":7783.518},{"text":"around","start":7783.711,"end":7784.031},{"text":"the","start":7784.031,"end":7784.159},{"text":"globe.","start":7784.191,"end":7784.352}]},{"text":"In order to obtain added tangible results from the programs It is recommended that the audience of the courses and fellowships should consist of future decision makers in their countries to the fullest extent possible as well.","start":7785.618,"end":7802.279,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7785.618,"end":7785.666},{"text":"order","start":7785.778,"end":7786.051},{"text":"to","start":7786.051,"end":7786.163},{"text":"obtain","start":7786.179,"end":7786.548},{"text":"added","start":7786.82,"end":7787.045},{"text":"tangible","start":7787.141,"end":7787.782},{"text":"results","start":7787.782,"end":7788.231},{"text":"from","start":7788.504,"end":7788.648},{"text":"the","start":7788.76,"end":7788.84},{"text":"programs","start":7788.84,"end":7789.369},{"text":"It","start":7790.03,"end":7790.127},{"text":"is","start":7790.127,"end":7790.256},{"text":"recommended","start":7790.273,"end":7790.934},{"text":"that","start":7791.418,"end":7791.564},{"text":"the","start":7791.564,"end":7791.644},{"text":"audience","start":7791.725,"end":7792.096},{"text":"of","start":7792.37,"end":7792.435},{"text":"the","start":7792.483,"end":7792.613},{"text":"courses","start":7792.613,"end":7793.097},{"text":"and","start":7793.597,"end":7793.662},{"text":"fellowships","start":7793.758,"end":7794.517},{"text":"should","start":7795.275,"end":7795.663},{"text":"consist","start":7795.759,"end":7796.405},{"text":"of","start":7796.486,"end":7796.582},{"text":"future","start":7796.582,"end":7797.05},{"text":"decision","start":7797.05,"end":7797.486},{"text":"makers","start":7797.486,"end":7797.922},{"text":"in","start":7798.6,"end":7798.648},{"text":"their","start":7798.68,"end":7798.793},{"text":"countries","start":7798.81,"end":7799.3},{"text":"to","start":7799.415,"end":7799.562},{"text":"the","start":7799.562,"end":7799.66},{"text":"fullest","start":7799.66,"end":7800.38},{"text":"extent","start":7800.56,"end":7801.1},{"text":"possible","start":7801.215,"end":7801.82},{"text":"as","start":7801.935,"end":7802.131},{"text":"well.","start":7802.18,"end":7802.279}]},{"text":"The NAM fully supports the continuous efforts of the Codification Division to increase the number of fellowship awards, either fully or partially funded, provided under the regular budget for the International Law Fellowship Program and regional courses, particularly for participants from developing countries.","start":7805.07,"end":7824.099,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. 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Many called for sustained regular-budget support, supplemented by voluntary contributions and practical partnerships, to preserve annual activities."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7805.07,"end":7805.134},{"text":"NAM","start":7805.134,"end":7805.263},{"text":"fully","start":7805.263,"end":7805.52},{"text":"supports","start":7805.52,"end":7806.068},{"text":"the","start":7806.068,"end":7806.213},{"text":"continuous","start":7806.213,"end":7806.68},{"text":"efforts","start":7806.857,"end":7807.13},{"text":"of","start":7807.259,"end":7807.404},{"text":"the","start":7807.436,"end":7807.581},{"text":"Codification","start":7807.581,"end":7808.241},{"text":"Division","start":7808.241,"end":7808.612},{"text":"to","start":7808.724,"end":7808.869},{"text":"increase","start":7808.869,"end":7809.207},{"text":"the","start":7809.207,"end":7809.32},{"text":"number","start":7809.32,"end":7809.658},{"text":"of","start":7809.674,"end":7809.723},{"text":"fellowship","start":7809.723,"end":7810.254},{"text":"awards,","start":7810.318,"end":7810.785},{"text":"either","start":7811.22,"end":7811.494},{"text":"fully","start":7812.009,"end":7812.283},{"text":"or","start":7812.363,"end":7812.444},{"text":"partially","start":7812.508,"end":7812.975},{"text":"funded,","start":7812.975,"end":7813.394},{"text":"provided","start":7813.716,"end":7814.263},{"text":"under","start":7814.344,"end":7814.537},{"text":"the","start":7814.537,"end":7814.65},{"text":"regular","start":7814.65,"end":7815.031},{"text":"budget","start":7815.031,"end":7815.759},{"text":"for","start":7815.718,"end":7815.879},{"text":"the","start":7815.879,"end":7815.976},{"text":"International","start":7815.976,"end":7817.753},{"text":"Law","start":7817.753,"end":7817.833},{"text":"Fellowship","start":7817.914,"end":7818.463},{"text":"Program","start":7818.641,"end":7819.061},{"text":"and","start":7819.125,"end":7819.222},{"text":"regional","start":7819.271,"end":7819.626},{"text":"courses,","start":7819.69,"end":7820.062},{"text":"particularly","start":7820.724,"end":7821.354},{"text":"for","start":7821.402,"end":7821.644},{"text":"participants","start":7821.709,"end":7822.597},{"text":"from","start":7822.904,"end":7823.13},{"text":"developing","start":7823.162,"end":7823.615},{"text":"countries.","start":7823.712,"end":7824.099}]},{"text":"Noting the liquidity crisis currently faced by the United Nations, admission of participants from developing countries that are willing to bear the entire cost of the participation should be facilitated as one of the cost-saving measures.","start":7826.78,"end":7840.718,"topics":[{"key":"programme-funding","label":"Programme Funding and Liquidity","description":"Delegations expressed concern that the UN liquidity crisis and budget constraints could reduce or delay training programmes and fellowships. Many called for sustained regular-budget support, supplemented by voluntary contributions and practical partnerships, to preserve annual activities."}],"words":[{"text":"Noting","start":7826.78,"end":7827.087},{"text":"the","start":7827.2,"end":7827.427},{"text":"liquidity","start":7827.427,"end":7827.928},{"text":"crisis","start":7827.928,"end":7828.478},{"text":"currently","start":7828.478,"end":7828.899},{"text":"faced","start":7828.899,"end":7829.271},{"text":"by","start":7829.303,"end":7829.465},{"text":"the","start":7829.465,"end":7829.513},{"text":"United","start":7829.513,"end":7829.998},{"text":"Nations,","start":7830.031,"end":7830.403},{"text":"admission","start":7830.775,"end":7831.276},{"text":"of","start":7831.389,"end":7831.486},{"text":"participants","start":7831.551,"end":7832.295},{"text":"from","start":7832.295,"end":7832.473},{"text":"developing","start":7832.537,"end":7833.023},{"text":"countries","start":7833.087,"end":7833.556},{"text":"that","start":7833.75,"end":7833.928},{"text":"are","start":7833.928,"end":7834.009},{"text":"willing","start":7834.074,"end":7834.365},{"text":"to","start":7834.397,"end":7834.527},{"text":"bear","start":7834.559,"end":7834.737},{"text":"the","start":7834.866,"end":7834.963},{"text":"entire","start":7834.963,"end":7835.368},{"text":"cost","start":7835.368,"end":7835.691},{"text":"of","start":7835.691,"end":7835.74},{"text":"the","start":7835.74,"end":7835.837},{"text":"participation","start":7835.837,"end":7836.637},{"text":"should","start":7837.225,"end":7837.47},{"text":"be","start":7837.47,"end":7837.633},{"text":"facilitated","start":7837.633,"end":7838.433},{"text":"as","start":7838.955,"end":7839.004},{"text":"one","start":7839.118,"end":7839.233},{"text":"of","start":7839.265,"end":7839.379},{"text":"the","start":7839.379,"end":7839.51},{"text":"cost-saving","start":7839.51,"end":7840.391},{"text":"measures.","start":7840.424,"end":7840.718}]},{"text":"The Codification Division should continue to enhance the content of the audiovisual library, which is an invaluable training resource for individuals and institutions around the world.","start":7843.025,"end":7853.044,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7843.025,"end":7843.17},{"text":"Codification","start":7843.17,"end":7843.715},{"text":"Division","start":7843.747,"end":7844.083},{"text":"should","start":7844.083,"end":7844.292},{"text":"continue","start":7844.308,"end":7844.708},{"text":"to","start":7844.708,"end":7844.789},{"text":"enhance","start":7844.789,"end":7845.253},{"text":"the","start":7845.253,"end":7845.35},{"text":"content","start":7845.35,"end":7845.831},{"text":"of","start":7845.895,"end":7846.007},{"text":"the","start":7846.007,"end":7846.215},{"text":"audiovisual","start":7846.295,"end":7846.937},{"text":"library,","start":7846.937,"end":7847.482},{"text":"which","start":7847.834,"end":7847.962},{"text":"is","start":7848.011,"end":7848.123},{"text":"an","start":7848.379,"end":7848.443},{"text":"invaluable","start":7848.556,"end":7849.261},{"text":"training","start":7849.277,"end":7849.565},{"text":"resource","start":7849.662,"end":7850.11},{"text":"for","start":7850.399,"end":7850.575},{"text":"individuals","start":7850.623,"end":7851.249},{"text":"and","start":7851.361,"end":7851.425},{"text":"institutions","start":7851.441,"end":7852.098},{"text":"around","start":7852.258,"end":7852.563},{"text":"the","start":7852.563,"end":7852.675},{"text":"world.","start":7852.707,"end":7853.044}]},{"text":"In this regard, the Nam welcomes the initiative of conducting off-site recording sessions and suggests that the suitable presentations made by the Special Rapporteurs of the International Law Commission to the Committee be uploaded to the library.","start":7853.845,"end":7867.775,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7853.845,"end":7853.894},{"text":"this","start":7853.99,"end":7854.118},{"text":"regard,","start":7854.23,"end":7854.551},{"text":"the","start":7854.567,"end":7854.663},{"text":"Nam","start":7854.663,"end":7854.919},{"text":"welcomes","start":7855.032,"end":7855.577},{"text":"the","start":7855.769,"end":7855.913},{"text":"initiative","start":7855.929,"end":7856.458},{"text":"of","start":7856.571,"end":7856.699},{"text":"conducting","start":7856.891,"end":7857.42},{"text":"off-site","start":7857.677,"end":7858.157},{"text":"recording","start":7858.157,"end":7858.542},{"text":"sessions","start":7858.574,"end":7859.023},{"text":"and","start":7859.055,"end":7859.151},{"text":"suggests","start":7859.151,"end":7859.793},{"text":"that","start":7860.241,"end":7860.338},{"text":"the","start":7860.338,"end":7860.418},{"text":"suitable","start":7860.418,"end":7860.963},{"text":"presentations","start":7860.963,"end":7861.748},{"text":"made","start":7862.165,"end":7862.389},{"text":"by","start":7862.421,"end":7862.582},{"text":"the","start":7862.582,"end":7862.678},{"text":"Special","start":7862.678,"end":7863.047},{"text":"Rapporteurs","start":7863.047,"end":7863.656},{"text":"of","start":7863.784,"end":7863.88},{"text":"the","start":7863.88,"end":7863.944},{"text":"International","start":7863.944,"end":7864.473},{"text":"Law","start":7864.585,"end":7864.666},{"text":"Commission","start":7864.746,"end":7865.114},{"text":"to","start":7865.227,"end":7865.323},{"text":"the","start":7865.323,"end":7865.531},{"text":"Committee","start":7865.627,"end":7865.996},{"text":"be","start":7866.429,"end":7866.525},{"text":"uploaded","start":7866.669,"end":7867.166},{"text":"to","start":7867.23,"end":7867.327},{"text":"the","start":7867.327,"end":7867.455},{"text":"library.","start":7867.455,"end":7867.775}]},{"text":"In addition, adding lectures in more languages would be another way to enrich the content of the library.","start":7868.996,"end":7875.9,"topics":[{"key":"multilingual-access","label":"Multilingual and Inclusive Access","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for better linguistic diversity, wider geographic representation, and stronger accessibility in international law training materials. This included support for more content in additional UN languages, digital access tools, and accommodations for persons with disabilities."},{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7868.996,"end":7869.076},{"text":"addition,","start":7869.076,"end":7869.445},{"text":"adding","start":7870.585,"end":7870.73},{"text":"lectures","start":7870.842,"end":7871.452},{"text":"in","start":7871.725,"end":7871.773},{"text":"more","start":7871.821,"end":7871.998},{"text":"languages","start":7872.046,"end":7872.576},{"text":"would","start":7872.929,"end":7873.106},{"text":"be","start":7873.106,"end":7873.25},{"text":"another","start":7873.25,"end":7873.62},{"text":"way","start":7873.652,"end":7873.909},{"text":"to","start":7873.957,"end":7874.037},{"text":"enrich","start":7874.037,"end":7874.342},{"text":"the","start":7874.374,"end":7874.519},{"text":"content","start":7874.519,"end":7874.952},{"text":"of","start":7875.161,"end":7875.273},{"text":"the","start":7875.273,"end":7875.402},{"text":"library.","start":7875.418,"end":7875.9}]},{"text":"The Nam is of the view that geographical diversity among lecturers represented in the library and at the regional courses should be increased.","start":7877.184,"end":7887.316,"topics":[{"key":"multilingual-access","label":"Multilingual and Inclusive Access","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for better linguistic diversity, wider geographic representation, and stronger accessibility in international law training materials. This included support for more content in additional UN languages, digital access tools, and accommodations for persons with disabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7877.184,"end":7877.248},{"text":"Nam","start":7877.248,"end":7877.586},{"text":"is","start":7877.602,"end":7877.714},{"text":"of","start":7877.826,"end":7877.955},{"text":"the","start":7877.987,"end":7878.067},{"text":"view","start":7878.067,"end":7878.324},{"text":"that","start":7878.469,"end":7878.629},{"text":"geographical","start":7878.629,"end":7879.271},{"text":"diversity","start":7879.271,"end":7879.962},{"text":"among","start":7880.395,"end":7880.588},{"text":"lecturers","start":7880.716,"end":7881.246},{"text":"represented","start":7882.322,"end":7882.932},{"text":"in","start":7883.045,"end":7883.093},{"text":"the","start":7883.125,"end":7883.269},{"text":"library","start":7883.269,"end":7883.655},{"text":"and","start":7884.072,"end":7884.152},{"text":"at","start":7884.313,"end":7884.474},{"text":"the","start":7884.474,"end":7884.73},{"text":"regional","start":7884.811,"end":7885.26},{"text":"courses","start":7885.935,"end":7886.384},{"text":"should","start":7886.481,"end":7886.673},{"text":"be","start":7886.721,"end":7886.802},{"text":"increased.","start":7886.802,"end":7887.316}]},{"text":"Furthermore, lecturers should be representatives of all principal legal systems of the world.","start":7887.605,"end":7893.497,"topics":[{"key":"multilingual-access","label":"Multilingual and Inclusive Access","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for better linguistic diversity, wider geographic representation, and stronger accessibility in international law training materials. This included support for more content in additional UN languages, digital access tools, and accommodations for persons with disabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":7887.605,"end":7888.263},{"text":"lecturers","start":7888.343,"end":7888.873},{"text":"should","start":7889.066,"end":7889.258},{"text":"be","start":7889.306,"end":7889.451},{"text":"representatives","start":7889.451,"end":7890.318},{"text":"of","start":7890.655,"end":7890.752},{"text":"all","start":7890.896,"end":7890.944},{"text":"principal","start":7891.137,"end":7891.747},{"text":"legal","start":7891.795,"end":7892.116},{"text":"systems","start":7892.116,"end":7892.566},{"text":"of","start":7892.983,"end":7893.096},{"text":"the","start":7893.096,"end":7893.208},{"text":"world.","start":7893.224,"end":7893.497}]},{"text":"Regarding the curriculum of courses, while the needs of each region should be addressed during courses, the synergies between international law and international relations could be included as a topic.","start":7895.805,"end":7906.124,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Regarding","start":7895.805,"end":7896.173},{"text":"the","start":7896.205,"end":7896.285},{"text":"curriculum","start":7896.285,"end":7896.942},{"text":"of","start":7897.087,"end":7897.215},{"text":"courses,","start":7897.247,"end":7897.615},{"text":"while","start":7897.792,"end":7897.984},{"text":"the","start":7898.048,"end":7898.128},{"text":"needs","start":7898.128,"end":7898.657},{"text":"of","start":7898.833,"end":7898.977},{"text":"each","start":7899.154,"end":7899.218},{"text":"region","start":7899.33,"end":7899.618},{"text":"should","start":7899.73,"end":7899.939},{"text":"be","start":7899.971,"end":7900.051},{"text":"addressed","start":7900.067,"end":7900.451},{"text":"during","start":7900.451,"end":7900.66},{"text":"courses,","start":7900.756,"end":7901.14},{"text":"the","start":7901.317,"end":7901.397},{"text":"synergies","start":7901.397,"end":7902.022},{"text":"between","start":7902.198,"end":7902.422},{"text":"international","start":7902.47,"end":7903.143},{"text":"law","start":7903.175,"end":7903.368},{"text":"and","start":7903.4,"end":7903.496},{"text":"international","start":7903.496,"end":7904.121},{"text":"relations","start":7904.121,"end":7904.585},{"text":"could","start":7904.778,"end":7904.906},{"text":"be","start":7905.002,"end":7905.034},{"text":"included","start":7905.034,"end":7905.563},{"text":"as","start":7905.579,"end":7905.675},{"text":"a","start":7905.675,"end":7905.819},{"text":"topic.","start":7905.819,"end":7906.124}]},{"text":"Furthermore, under this topic, lecturers should elaborate on the development of international relations and theories on the basis of international law.","start":7907.245,"end":7915.064,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":7907.245,"end":7907.806},{"text":"under","start":7907.822,"end":7908.142},{"text":"this","start":7908.142,"end":7908.255},{"text":"topic,","start":7908.303,"end":7908.767},{"text":"lecturers","start":7908.783,"end":7909.232},{"text":"should","start":7909.488,"end":7909.681},{"text":"elaborate","start":7909.729,"end":7910.29},{"text":"on","start":7910.29,"end":7910.354},{"text":"the","start":7910.37,"end":7910.45},{"text":"development","start":7910.466,"end":7910.979},{"text":"of","start":7911.027,"end":7911.123},{"text":"international","start":7911.123,"end":7911.748},{"text":"relations","start":7911.748,"end":7912.244},{"text":"and","start":7912.389,"end":7912.453},{"text":"theories","start":7912.549,"end":7912.917},{"text":"on","start":7913.414,"end":7913.574},{"text":"the","start":7913.574,"end":7913.654},{"text":"basis","start":7913.67,"end":7914.135},{"text":"of","start":7914.151,"end":7914.215},{"text":"international","start":7914.311,"end":7914.92},{"text":"law.","start":7915.032,"end":7915.064}]},{"text":"Denam would also like to highlight the role of the United Nations Information Centers in member states.","start":7916.555,"end":7922.118,"topics":[{"key":"multilingual-access","label":"Multilingual and Inclusive Access","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for better linguistic diversity, wider geographic representation, and stronger accessibility in international law training materials. This included support for more content in additional UN languages, digital access tools, and accommodations for persons with disabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"Denam","start":7916.555,"end":7916.923},{"text":"would","start":7917.019,"end":7917.196},{"text":"also","start":7917.196,"end":7917.372},{"text":"like","start":7917.42,"end":7917.66},{"text":"to","start":7917.66,"end":7917.724},{"text":"highlight","start":7917.756,"end":7918.301},{"text":"the","start":7918.718,"end":7918.782},{"text":"role","start":7918.782,"end":7919.054},{"text":"of","start":7919.102,"end":7919.198},{"text":"the","start":7919.198,"end":7919.279},{"text":"United","start":7919.279,"end":7919.679},{"text":"Nations","start":7919.679,"end":7920.128},{"text":"Information","start":7920.224,"end":7920.689},{"text":"Centers","start":7920.785,"end":7921.249},{"text":"in","start":7921.362,"end":7921.41},{"text":"member","start":7921.507,"end":7921.78},{"text":"states.","start":7921.78,"end":7922.118}]},{"text":"These centers are fundamental tools for disseminating international law and provide access in multiple languages to resources such as the United Nations Digital Library and the Yearbook of the United Nations.","start":7923.358,"end":7935.516,"topics":[{"key":"multilingual-access","label":"Multilingual and Inclusive Access","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for better linguistic diversity, wider geographic representation, and stronger accessibility in international law training materials. This included support for more content in additional UN languages, digital access tools, and accommodations for persons with disabilities."},{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":7923.358,"end":7923.503},{"text":"centers","start":7923.712,"end":7924.227},{"text":"are","start":7924.404,"end":7924.485},{"text":"fundamental","start":7924.485,"end":7925.064},{"text":"tools","start":7925.064,"end":7925.354},{"text":"for","start":7925.386,"end":7925.611},{"text":"disseminating","start":7925.611,"end":7926.239},{"text":"international","start":7926.288,"end":7926.915},{"text":"law","start":7926.915,"end":7927.028},{"text":"and","start":7927.157,"end":7927.286},{"text":"provide","start":7927.318,"end":7927.801},{"text":"access","start":7927.865,"end":7928.155},{"text":"in","start":7928.364,"end":7928.412},{"text":"multiple","start":7928.509,"end":7929.008},{"text":"languages","start":7929.008,"end":7929.539},{"text":"to","start":7930.135,"end":7930.231},{"text":"resources","start":7930.231,"end":7930.795},{"text":"such","start":7930.795,"end":7930.988},{"text":"as","start":7931.085,"end":7931.149},{"text":"the","start":7931.23,"end":7931.262},{"text":"United","start":7931.262,"end":7931.666},{"text":"Nations","start":7931.666,"end":7932.038},{"text":"Digital","start":7932.135,"end":7932.556},{"text":"Library","start":7932.556,"end":7933.009},{"text":"and","start":7933.591,"end":7933.672},{"text":"the","start":7933.688,"end":7933.915},{"text":"Yearbook","start":7933.915,"end":7934.416},{"text":"of","start":7934.497,"end":7934.627},{"text":"the","start":7934.643,"end":7934.74},{"text":"United","start":7934.74,"end":7935.144},{"text":"Nations.","start":7935.144,"end":7935.516}]},{"text":"In conclusion, the Nam reaffirms its commitment to the Programme of Assistance and urges all member states to ensure that the Programme's activities are well-funded.","start":7936.908,"end":7947.508,"topics":[{"key":"programme-funding","label":"Programme Funding and Liquidity","description":"Delegations expressed concern that the UN liquidity crisis and budget constraints could reduce or delay training programmes and fellowships. 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Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8075.876,"end":8075.956},{"text":"African","start":8075.956,"end":8076.261},{"text":"Group","start":8076.293,"end":8076.422},{"text":"notes","start":8076.454,"end":8076.759},{"text":"that","start":8076.775,"end":8076.983},{"text":"the","start":8077.015,"end":8077.176},{"text":"duration","start":8077.176,"end":8077.641},{"text":"of","start":8077.641,"end":8077.705},{"text":"the","start":8077.737,"end":8077.817},{"text":"Regional","start":8077.817,"end":8078.267},{"text":"Course","start":8078.283,"end":8078.604},{"text":"in","start":8078.604,"end":8078.668},{"text":"International","start":8078.684,"end":8079.181},{"text":"Law","start":8079.181,"end":8079.342},{"text":"for","start":8079.342,"end":8079.502},{"text":"Africa","start":8079.502,"end":8079.983},{"text":"in","start":8079.983,"end":8080.031},{"text":"2025","start":8080.144,"end":8081.074},{"text":"remains","start":8081.187,"end":8081.588},{"text":"consistent","start":8081.668,"end":8082.438},{"text":"with","start":8082.871,"end":8082.967},{"text":"the","start":8082.967,"end":8083.096},{"text":"previous","start":8083.096,"end":8083.481},{"text":"year,","start":8083.657,"end":8083.93},{"text":"spanning","start":8084.299,"end":8084.764},{"text":"slightly","start":8084.861,"end":8085.406},{"text":"over","start":8085.534,"end":8085.775},{"text":"3","start":8085.775,"end":8086.064},{"text":"weeks,","start":8086.064,"end":8086.433},{"text":"notwithstanding","start":8087.508,"end":8088.294},{"text":"the","start":8088.326,"end":8088.486},{"text":"Group's","start":8088.486,"end":8088.936},{"text":"earlier","start":8088.936,"end":8089.176},{"text":"call","start":8089.192,"end":8089.545},{"text":"for","start":8089.914,"end":8090.107},{"text":"an","start":8090.171,"end":8090.299},{"text":"extension","start":8090.396,"end":8091.005},{"text":"to","start":8091.118,"end":8091.214},{"text":"4","start":8091.214,"end":8091.454},{"text":"weeks.","start":8091.454,"end":8091.856}]},{"text":"Nevertheless, the Group welcomes several important developments in 2025.","start":8092.353,"end":8097.535,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"Nevertheless,","start":8092.353,"end":8092.866},{"text":"the","start":8093.604,"end":8093.701},{"text":"Group","start":8093.701,"end":8093.877},{"text":"welcomes","start":8093.925,"end":8094.294},{"text":"several","start":8094.294,"end":8094.84},{"text":"important","start":8094.84,"end":8095.353},{"text":"developments","start":8095.385,"end":8096.316},{"text":"in","start":8096.428,"end":8096.476},{"text":"2025.","start":8096.588,"end":8097.535}]},{"text":"These developments reflect both the strong demand for and the growing relevance of the training program.","start":8098.754,"end":8104.963,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":8098.754,"end":8098.963},{"text":"developments","start":8098.979,"end":8099.556},{"text":"reflect","start":8099.556,"end":8100.166},{"text":"both","start":8100.198,"end":8100.407},{"text":"the","start":8100.455,"end":8100.583},{"text":"strong","start":8100.583,"end":8100.968},{"text":"demand","start":8101,"end":8101.369},{"text":"for","start":8101.45,"end":8101.706},{"text":"and","start":8101.786,"end":8101.931},{"text":"the","start":8102.524,"end":8102.685},{"text":"growing","start":8102.749,"end":8103.134},{"text":"relevance","start":8103.31,"end":8103.92},{"text":"of","start":8103.968,"end":8104.065},{"text":"the","start":8104.065,"end":8104.193},{"text":"training","start":8104.193,"end":8104.498},{"text":"program.","start":8104.61,"end":8104.963}]},{"text":"Notably, the 2025 regional course included for the first time a visually impaired participant who successfully completed the program with the support of supervisors and lecturers who adapted their delivery to accommodate his disability.","start":8105.877,"end":8119.498,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. 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This included support for more content in additional UN languages, digital access tools, and accommodations for persons with disabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"Notably,","start":8105.877,"end":8106.343},{"text":"the","start":8106.856,"end":8106.936},{"text":"2025","start":8106.936,"end":8107.658},{"text":"regional","start":8107.658,"end":8108.027},{"text":"course","start":8108.059,"end":8108.188},{"text":"included","start":8108.3,"end":8108.701},{"text":"for","start":8108.765,"end":8108.845},{"text":"the","start":8108.845,"end":8108.942},{"text":"first","start":8108.942,"end":8109.262},{"text":"time","start":8109.262,"end":8109.599},{"text":"a","start":8109.599,"end":8109.744},{"text":"visually","start":8109.744,"end":8110.113},{"text":"impaired","start":8110.225,"end":8110.594},{"text":"participant","start":8110.61,"end":8111.316},{"text":"who","start":8111.332,"end":8111.412},{"text":"successfully","start":8111.412,"end":8112.118},{"text":"completed","start":8112.15,"end":8112.615},{"text":"the","start":8112.615,"end":8112.712},{"text":"program","start":8112.712,"end":8113.081},{"text":"with","start":8113.738,"end":8113.867},{"text":"the","start":8113.899,"end":8113.995},{"text":"support","start":8113.995,"end":8114.332},{"text":"of","start":8114.396,"end":8114.525},{"text":"supervisors","start":8114.541,"end":8115.327},{"text":"and","start":8115.423,"end":8115.487},{"text":"lecturers","start":8115.583,"end":8115.888},{"text":"who","start":8115.968,"end":8116.001},{"text":"adapted","start":8116.241,"end":8116.739},{"text":"their","start":8116.787,"end":8116.947},{"text":"delivery","start":8117.027,"end":8117.444},{"text":"to","start":8117.509,"end":8117.605},{"text":"accommodate","start":8117.669,"end":8118.391},{"text":"his","start":8118.391,"end":8118.535},{"text":"disability.","start":8118.808,"end":8119.498}]},{"text":"In this regard, the African Group emphasized that while the audiovisual library constitutes a cost-effective means of expanding access Access to international law training.","start":8120.172,"end":8128.963,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. 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Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8201.06,"end":8201.381},{"text":"compares","start":8201.381,"end":8201.83},{"text":"with","start":8201.846,"end":8202.055},{"text":"2024","start":8202.263,"end":8203.98},{"text":"opportunities","start":8204.445,"end":8205.199},{"text":"2024,","start":8205.424,"end":8206.5},{"text":"when","start":8206.58,"end":8206.773},{"text":"905","start":8207.158,"end":8208.089},{"text":"applications","start":8208.202,"end":8208.892},{"text":"were","start":8208.908,"end":8209.005},{"text":"received","start":8209.005,"end":8209.486},{"text":"globally,","start":8209.486,"end":8210.016},{"text":"but","start":8210.53,"end":8210.691},{"text":"with","start":8210.691,"end":8210.851},{"text":"a","start":8210.851,"end":8210.867},{"text":"smaller","start":8210.867,"end":8211.333},{"text":"share","start":8211.333,"end":8211.59},{"text":"from","start":8211.59,"end":8211.831},{"text":"Africa.","start":8211.831,"end":8212.377}]},{"text":"The 2025 outcome demonstrates the rising priority that African professionals attach to this training.","start":8212.858,"end":8218.976,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8212.858,"end":8212.955},{"text":"2025","start":8212.955,"end":8213.757},{"text":"outcome","start":8213.886,"end":8214.191},{"text":"demonstrates","start":8214.303,"end":8214.93},{"text":"the","start":8214.93,"end":8215.026},{"text":"rising","start":8215.026,"end":8215.475},{"text":"priority","start":8215.508,"end":8216.07},{"text":"that","start":8216.07,"end":8216.214},{"text":"African","start":8216.31,"end":8216.712},{"text":"professionals","start":8216.712,"end":8217.161},{"text":"attach","start":8217.274,"end":8217.563},{"text":"to","start":8218.317,"end":8218.462},{"text":"this","start":8218.462,"end":8218.526},{"text":"training.","start":8218.639,"end":8218.976}]},{"text":"Chair, the statistics contained in the Secretary-General's report reveal that a significant majority of applicants, over 4/5, originate from the African continent.","start":8219.827,"end":8230.52,"topics":[{"key":"multilingual-access","label":"Multilingual and Inclusive Access","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for better linguistic diversity, wider geographic representation, and stronger accessibility in international law training materials. 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Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8368.79,"end":8368.81},{"text":"also","start":8368.81,"end":8369.21},{"text":"note","start":8369.21,"end":8369.43},{"text":"the","start":8369.43,"end":8369.55},{"text":"contribution","start":8369.55,"end":8370.17},{"text":"of","start":8370.17,"end":8370.63},{"text":"the","start":8370.63,"end":8370.71},{"text":"Government","start":8370.71,"end":8371.11},{"text":"of","start":8371.11,"end":8371.33},{"text":"Chile","start":8371.33,"end":8372.01},{"text":"and","start":8372.01,"end":8372.93},{"text":"ECLAC","start":8372.93,"end":8373.33},{"text":"for","start":8373.33,"end":8374.03},{"text":"the","start":8374.03,"end":8374.19},{"text":"Latin","start":8374.19,"end":8374.49},{"text":"American","start":8374.49,"end":8375.03},{"text":"and","start":8375.03,"end":8375.17},{"text":"Caribbean","start":8375.17,"end":8375.65},{"text":"course,","start":8375.65,"end":8376.37},{"text":"as","start":8376.37,"end":8376.45},{"text":"well","start":8376.45,"end":8376.65},{"text":"as","start":8376.65,"end":8376.83},{"text":"Thailand","start":8376.83,"end":8377.27},{"text":"and","start":8377.27,"end":8378.03},{"text":"ESCAP","start":8378.03,"end":8378.43},{"text":"for","start":8378.43,"end":8378.83},{"text":"the","start":8378.83,"end":8378.99},{"text":"Asia-Pacific","start":8378.99,"end":8380.29},{"text":"course.","start":8380.29,"end":8381.17}]},{"text":"We note with satisfaction that the 2025 course in Santiago was conducted in full with 27 participants compared to 19 the year before.","start":8381.17,"end":8391.26,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8381.17,"end":8381.29},{"text":"note","start":8381.29,"end":8381.57},{"text":"with","start":8381.57,"end":8381.71},{"text":"satisfaction","start":8381.71,"end":8382.31},{"text":"that","start":8382.31,"end":8382.83},{"text":"the","start":8382.83,"end":8382.99},{"text":"2025","start":8382.99,"end":8383.69},{"text":"course","start":8383.71,"end":8384.13},{"text":"in","start":8384.13,"end":8384.31},{"text":"Santiago","start":8384.31,"end":8384.71},{"text":"was","start":8384.71,"end":8384.97},{"text":"conducted","start":8384.97,"end":8385.47},{"text":"in","start":8385.47,"end":8385.89},{"text":"full","start":8385.89,"end":8386.17},{"text":"with","start":8386.492,"end":8386.766},{"text":"27","start":8386.798,"end":8387.41},{"text":"participants","start":8387.458,"end":8388.264},{"text":"compared","start":8388.264,"end":8389.198},{"text":"to","start":8389.553,"end":8389.649},{"text":"19","start":8389.649,"end":8390.245},{"text":"the","start":8390.358,"end":8390.567},{"text":"year","start":8390.584,"end":8390.761},{"text":"before.","start":8390.761,"end":8391.26}]},{"text":"The African Group further welcomed the voluntary financial contributions that have supported African participation in the Programme of Assistance during the 2025 reporting period.","start":8391.808,"end":8401.708,"topics":[{"key":"programme-funding","label":"Programme Funding and Liquidity","description":"Delegations expressed concern that the UN liquidity crisis and budget constraints could reduce or delay training programmes and fellowships. Many called for sustained regular-budget support, supplemented by voluntary contributions and practical partnerships, to preserve annual activities."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8391.808,"end":8391.872},{"text":"African","start":8391.953,"end":8392.291},{"text":"Group","start":8392.291,"end":8392.452},{"text":"further","start":8392.452,"end":8392.774},{"text":"welcomed","start":8392.774,"end":8393.193},{"text":"the","start":8393.193,"end":8393.274},{"text":"voluntary","start":8393.274,"end":8393.741},{"text":"financial","start":8393.741,"end":8394.305},{"text":"contributions","start":8394.305,"end":8394.997},{"text":"that","start":8395.03,"end":8395.142},{"text":"have","start":8395.159,"end":8395.32},{"text":"supported","start":8395.336,"end":8395.886},{"text":"African","start":8395.999,"end":8396.404},{"text":"participation","start":8396.404,"end":8397.099},{"text":"in","start":8397.229,"end":8397.293},{"text":"the","start":8397.358,"end":8397.455},{"text":"Programme","start":8397.455,"end":8397.859},{"text":"of","start":8397.94,"end":8398.037},{"text":"Assistance","start":8398.037,"end":8398.571},{"text":"during","start":8399.218,"end":8399.363},{"text":"the","start":8399.396,"end":8399.46},{"text":"2025","start":8399.46,"end":8400.544},{"text":"reporting","start":8400.754,"end":8401.223},{"text":"period.","start":8401.336,"end":8401.708}]},{"text":"We also acknowledge with gratitude the contribution by the Philippines for the Hamilton Shelley Amerasinghe Memorial Fellowship on the Law of which in 2025 was awarded to Miss Virginie Corinne Gemche of Cameroon, an achievement of particular significance for our continent.","start":8403.379,"end":8422.205,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8403.379,"end":8403.411},{"text":"also","start":8403.411,"end":8403.701},{"text":"acknowledge","start":8403.733,"end":8404.104},{"text":"with","start":8404.2,"end":8404.297},{"text":"gratitude","start":8404.361,"end":8404.861},{"text":"the","start":8404.861,"end":8405.006},{"text":"contribution","start":8405.006,"end":8405.554},{"text":"by","start":8405.666,"end":8405.828},{"text":"the","start":8405.828,"end":8405.908},{"text":"Philippines","start":8405.908,"end":8406.923},{"text":"for","start":8407.342,"end":8407.439},{"text":"the","start":8407.439,"end":8407.568},{"text":"Hamilton","start":8407.584,"end":8408.164},{"text":"Shelley","start":8408.164,"end":8408.695},{"text":"Amerasinghe","start":8409.211,"end":8409.968},{"text":"Memorial","start":8410.001,"end":8410.5},{"text":"Fellowship","start":8410.5,"end":8411.306},{"text":"on","start":8411.306,"end":8411.402},{"text":"the","start":8411.451,"end":8411.628},{"text":"Law","start":8411.628,"end":8411.853},{"text":"of","start":8411.886,"end":8411.998},{"text":"which","start":8413.069,"end":8413.198},{"text":"in","start":8413.406,"end":8413.455},{"text":"2025","start":8413.567,"end":8414.546},{"text":"was","start":8414.595,"end":8414.739},{"text":"awarded","start":8414.852,"end":8415.221},{"text":"to","start":8415.333,"end":8415.478},{"text":"Miss","start":8415.478,"end":8415.735},{"text":"Virginie","start":8415.799,"end":8416.265},{"text":"Corinne","start":8416.521,"end":8416.826},{"text":"Gemche","start":8416.859,"end":8417.148},{"text":"of","start":8417.34,"end":8417.469},{"text":"Cameroon,","start":8417.501,"end":8417.934},{"text":"an","start":8418.545,"end":8418.625},{"text":"achievement","start":8418.625,"end":8419.187},{"text":"of","start":8419.251,"end":8419.396},{"text":"particular","start":8419.412,"end":8419.829},{"text":"significance","start":8419.909,"end":8421.065},{"text":"for","start":8421.258,"end":8421.403},{"text":"our","start":8421.515,"end":8421.724},{"text":"continent.","start":8421.74,"end":8422.205}]},{"text":"Tchè!","start":8422.559,"end":8423.217,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Tchè!","start":8422.559,"end":8423.217}]},{"text":"The African Group acknowledged the organization by the UN Treaty Section in collaboration with Ethiopia, the Economic Commission for Africa, and the African Union of the first UN Treaty Section regional workshop for African on treaty law and practice, the first in more than a decade, which took place from 2022 May to 2025, gathering 25 African participants.","start":8423.988,"end":8451.448,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. 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you so much, Mr.","start":8537.682,"end":8539.693,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8537.682,"end":8537.989},{"text":"you","start":8537.989,"end":8538.07},{"text":"so","start":8538.07,"end":8538.167},{"text":"much,","start":8538.2,"end":8538.394},{"text":"Mr.","start":8539.434,"end":8539.693}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":64,"start":8539.758,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=8540","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair, Madam Chair.","start":8539.758,"end":8540.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":8539.758,"end":8540.051},{"text":"Madam","start":8540.343,"end":8540.651},{"text":"Chair.","start":8540.651,"end":8540.83}]},{"text":"I have the honor to speak on behalf of the 33 members of the community of Latin American and Caribbean States, 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the Latin American and the Caribbean states have continually participated and contributed to the progress development of international law, as well as to the establishment and operation of numerous organizations dealing with international law, with a view to strengthening international peace and security and to promoting friendly relations and cooperation among 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Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9389.36,"end":9389.505},{"text":"Programme","start":9389.505,"end":9389.955},{"text":"of","start":9390.083,"end":9390.196},{"text":"Assistance","start":9390.228,"end":9390.742},{"text":"contributes","start":9391.112,"end":9391.819},{"text":"to","start":9391.819,"end":9391.899},{"text":"a","start":9391.98,"end":9391.996},{"text":"better","start":9391.996,"end":9392.317},{"text":"understanding","start":9392.397,"end":9393.008},{"text":"of","start":9393.185,"end":9393.249},{"text":"international","start":9393.33,"end":9393.978},{"text":"law.","start":9394.075,"end":9394.173}]},{"text":"It enhances respect of the Charter and promotes rule of law at the national and international levels.","start":9394.659,"end":9400.707,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":9394.659,"end":9394.805},{"text":"enhances","start":9394.805,"end":9395.437},{"text":"respect","start":9395.535,"end":9396.021},{"text":"of","start":9396.021,"end":9396.07},{"text":"the","start":9396.118,"end":9396.264},{"text":"Charter","start":9396.264,"end":9396.751},{"text":"and","start":9397.075,"end":9397.221},{"text":"promotes","start":9397.254,"end":9397.821},{"text":"rule","start":9397.821,"end":9398.048},{"text":"of","start":9398.048,"end":9398.113},{"text":"law","start":9398.21,"end":9398.34},{"text":"at","start":9398.551,"end":9398.632},{"text":"the","start":9398.632,"end":9398.729},{"text":"national","start":9398.729,"end":9399.345},{"text":"and","start":9399.426,"end":9399.507},{"text":"international","start":9399.605,"end":9400.286},{"text":"levels.","start":9400.318,"end":9400.707}]},{"text":"The 60th anniversary of the Programme is a testament to its vitality, continuous relevance, and renewed role in promoting and disseminating international law.","start":9403.55,"end":9414.748,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9403.55,"end":9403.663},{"text":"60th","start":9403.663,"end":9404.2},{"text":"anniversary","start":9404.396,"end":9405.095},{"text":"of","start":9405.193,"end":9405.258},{"text":"the","start":9405.29,"end":9405.372},{"text":"Programme","start":9405.372,"end":9405.827},{"text":"is","start":9406.511,"end":9406.608},{"text":"a","start":9406.608,"end":9406.625},{"text":"testament","start":9406.673,"end":9407.373},{"text":"to","start":9407.633,"end":9407.747},{"text":"its","start":9407.747,"end":9407.894},{"text":"vitality,","start":9407.894,"end":9408.675},{"text":"continuous","start":9409.016,"end":9411.441},{"text":"relevance,","start":9409.978,"end":9410.595},{"text":"and","start":9410.935,"end":9411.163},{"text":"renewed","start":9411.163,"end":9411.666},{"text":"role","start":9411.666,"end":9411.974},{"text":"in","start":9412.055,"end":9412.104},{"text":"promoting","start":9412.217,"end":9412.769},{"text":"and","start":9412.964,"end":9413.029},{"text":"disseminating","start":9413.126,"end":9413.824},{"text":"international","start":9413.937,"end":9414.651},{"text":"law.","start":9414.651,"end":9414.748}]},{"text":"The Arab Group has taken note of the three regional courses in international law for Africa, Asia and the Pacific, and Latin America and the Caribbean, and the International Law Fellowship Program.","start":9416.761,"end":9432.503,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9416.761,"end":9416.907},{"text":"Arab","start":9416.923,"end":9417.183},{"text":"Group","start":9417.248,"end":9417.605},{"text":"has","start":9417.735,"end":9417.881},{"text":"taken","start":9417.979,"end":9418.368},{"text":"note","start":9418.401,"end":9418.807},{"text":"of","start":9418.823,"end":9418.904},{"text":"the","start":9418.969,"end":9419.115},{"text":"three","start":9419.115,"end":9419.473},{"text":"regional","start":9419.619,"end":9420.155},{"text":"courses","start":9420.187,"end":9420.642},{"text":"in","start":9420.756,"end":9420.804},{"text":"international","start":9420.902,"end":9421.6},{"text":"law","start":9421.649,"end":9421.746},{"text":"for","start":9423.013,"end":9423.143},{"text":"Africa,","start":9423.256,"end":9423.841},{"text":"Asia","start":9424.312,"end":9424.539},{"text":"and","start":9424.572,"end":9424.718},{"text":"the","start":9424.718,"end":9424.815},{"text":"Pacific,","start":9424.879,"end":9425.397},{"text":"and","start":9425.931,"end":9426.093},{"text":"Latin","start":9426.109,"end":9426.481},{"text":"America","start":9426.498,"end":9426.999},{"text":"and","start":9426.999,"end":9427.145},{"text":"the","start":9427.145,"end":9427.242},{"text":"Caribbean,","start":9427.242,"end":9427.776},{"text":"and","start":9430.019,"end":9430.116},{"text":"the","start":9430.116,"end":9430.213},{"text":"International","start":9430.277,"end":9431.229},{"text":"Law","start":9431.229,"end":9431.277},{"text":"Fellowship","start":9431.406,"end":9432.051},{"text":"Program.","start":9432.051,"end":9432.503}]},{"text":"We underscore the importance of a balanced representation of all legal systems, including multilingualism.","start":9433.809,"end":9443.891,"topics":[{"key":"multilingual-access","label":"Multilingual and Inclusive Access","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for better linguistic diversity, wider geographic representation, and stronger accessibility in international law training materials. This included support for more content in additional UN languages, digital access tools, and accommodations for persons with disabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9433.809,"end":9433.89},{"text":"underscore","start":9433.971,"end":9434.567},{"text":"the","start":9435.407,"end":9435.505},{"text":"importance","start":9435.505,"end":9436.418},{"text":"of","start":9436.972,"end":9437.102},{"text":"a","start":9437.2,"end":9437.281},{"text":"balanced","start":9437.298,"end":9437.933},{"text":"representation","start":9437.966,"end":9438.895},{"text":"of","start":9439.09,"end":9439.221},{"text":"all","start":9439.4,"end":9439.645},{"text":"legal","start":9439.808,"end":9440.15},{"text":"systems,","start":9440.15,"end":9440.688},{"text":"including","start":9442.423,"end":9442.633},{"text":"multilingualism.","start":9442.907,"end":9443.891}]},{"text":"Multilingualism is not only a fundamental UN principle but a fundamental value.","start":9444.745,"end":9450.436,"topics":[{"key":"multilingual-access","label":"Multilingual and Inclusive Access","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for better linguistic diversity, wider geographic representation, and stronger accessibility in international law training materials. This included support for more content in additional UN languages, digital access tools, and accommodations for persons with disabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"Multilingualism","start":9444.745,"end":9445.777},{"text":"is","start":9445.906,"end":9446.019},{"text":"not","start":9446.051,"end":9446.358},{"text":"only","start":9446.358,"end":9446.503},{"text":"a","start":9446.551,"end":9446.567},{"text":"fundamental","start":9446.696,"end":9447.503},{"text":"UN","start":9447.503,"end":9447.712},{"text":"principle","start":9447.825,"end":9448.567},{"text":"but","start":9448.874,"end":9449.099},{"text":"a","start":9449.099,"end":9449.115},{"text":"fundamental","start":9449.132,"end":9449.954},{"text":"value.","start":9450.082,"end":9450.436}]},{"text":"Regional courses must also address topics of interest to concerned regions in addition to other fundamental international law issues.","start":9452.669,"end":9462.054,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"Regional","start":9452.669,"end":9453.216},{"text":"courses","start":9453.216,"end":9453.746},{"text":"must","start":9454.662,"end":9454.903},{"text":"also","start":9454.967,"end":9455.272},{"text":"address","start":9455.304,"end":9455.819},{"text":"topics","start":9455.867,"end":9456.333},{"text":"of","start":9456.413,"end":9456.477},{"text":"interest","start":9456.59,"end":9457.008},{"text":"to","start":9457.056,"end":9457.12},{"text":"concerned","start":9457.152,"end":9457.763},{"text":"regions","start":9457.859,"end":9458.325},{"text":"in","start":9458.823,"end":9458.871},{"text":"addition","start":9458.92,"end":9459.37},{"text":"to","start":9459.468,"end":9459.534},{"text":"other","start":9459.649,"end":9459.814},{"text":"fundamental","start":9459.979,"end":9460.737},{"text":"international","start":9460.786,"end":9461.609},{"text":"law","start":9461.609,"end":9461.708},{"text":"issues.","start":9461.807,"end":9462.054}]},{"text":"Since the International Law Seminar for Arab States held in Cairo in 2015 within the program of assistance, no training sessions in Arabic have been conducted since then for the benefit of Arab states.","start":9468.419,"end":9485.038,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."},{"key":"multilingual-access","label":"Multilingual and Inclusive Access","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for better linguistic diversity, wider geographic representation, and stronger accessibility in international law training materials. This included support for more content in additional UN languages, digital access tools, and accommodations for persons with disabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"Since","start":9468.419,"end":9468.837},{"text":"the","start":9468.949,"end":9469.046},{"text":"International","start":9469.046,"end":9469.993},{"text":"Law","start":9469.993,"end":9470.089},{"text":"Seminar","start":9470.17,"end":9470.908},{"text":"for","start":9470.956,"end":9471.197},{"text":"Arab","start":9471.358,"end":9471.599},{"text":"States","start":9471.599,"end":9472.177},{"text":"held","start":9472.321,"end":9472.642},{"text":"in","start":9472.658,"end":9472.787},{"text":"Cairo","start":9472.819,"end":9473.301},{"text":"in","start":9473.381,"end":9473.429},{"text":"2015","start":9473.525,"end":9474.393},{"text":"within","start":9475.051,"end":9475.276},{"text":"the","start":9475.308,"end":9475.468},{"text":"program","start":9475.468,"end":9476.095},{"text":"of","start":9476.111,"end":9476.207},{"text":"assistance,","start":9476.207,"end":9476.801},{"text":"no","start":9477.957,"end":9478.086},{"text":"training","start":9478.198,"end":9478.648},{"text":"sessions","start":9478.76,"end":9479.29},{"text":"in","start":9479.402,"end":9479.45},{"text":"Arabic","start":9479.627,"end":9480.109},{"text":"have","start":9480.35,"end":9481.233},{"text":"been","start":9481.329,"end":9481.441},{"text":"conducted","start":9481.57,"end":9482.292},{"text":"since","start":9482.437,"end":9482.742},{"text":"then","start":9482.935,"end":9483.143},{"text":"for","start":9483.32,"end":9483.641},{"text":"the","start":9483.641,"end":9483.737},{"text":"benefit","start":9483.737,"end":9484.219},{"text":"of","start":9484.219,"end":9484.348},{"text":"Arab","start":9484.38,"end":9484.685},{"text":"states.","start":9484.685,"end":9485.038}]},{"text":"The program of assistance activities are of paramount importance for the Arab Group to build national capacities.","start":9490.749,"end":9499.163,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9490.749,"end":9490.911},{"text":"program","start":9490.911,"end":9491.431},{"text":"of","start":9491.593,"end":9491.706},{"text":"assistance","start":9491.804,"end":9492.55},{"text":"activities","start":9492.55,"end":9493.248},{"text":"are","start":9493.913,"end":9494.091},{"text":"of","start":9494.091,"end":9494.221},{"text":"paramount","start":9494.254,"end":9494.821},{"text":"importance","start":9494.821,"end":9495.552},{"text":"for","start":9495.552,"end":9495.779},{"text":"the","start":9495.779,"end":9495.86},{"text":"Arab","start":9495.941,"end":9496.184},{"text":"Group","start":9496.201,"end":9496.622},{"text":"to","start":9497.417,"end":9497.547},{"text":"build","start":9497.644,"end":9497.985},{"text":"national","start":9497.985,"end":9498.44},{"text":"capacities.","start":9498.44,"end":9499.163}]},{"text":"These activities have gained growing interest from diplomats, lawyers, judges, civil servants, and law researchers.","start":9499.982,"end":9508.674,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":9499.982,"end":9500.207},{"text":"activities","start":9500.304,"end":9500.931},{"text":"have","start":9501.043,"end":9501.252},{"text":"gained","start":9501.349,"end":9501.734},{"text":"growing","start":9501.831,"end":9502.2},{"text":"interest","start":9502.313,"end":9502.956},{"text":"from","start":9502.956,"end":9503.277},{"text":"diplomats,","start":9503.293,"end":9503.936},{"text":"lawyers,","start":9504.161,"end":9504.627},{"text":"judges,","start":9504.965,"end":9505.334},{"text":"civil","start":9505.64,"end":9505.961},{"text":"servants,","start":9506.009,"end":9506.572},{"text":"and","start":9507.054,"end":9507.458},{"text":"law","start":9507.458,"end":9507.557},{"text":"researchers.","start":9507.557,"end":9508.674}]},{"text":"For international law to be integrated into the teaching of legal specializations in all Arab universities, We encourage the Codification Division of the Office of Legal Affairs to organize regional international law courses in Arabic for the Arab region.","start":9511.937,"end":9531.296,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."},{"key":"multilingual-access","label":"Multilingual and Inclusive Access","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for better linguistic diversity, wider geographic representation, and stronger accessibility in international law training materials. This included support for more content in additional UN languages, digital access tools, and accommodations for persons with disabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":9511.937,"end":9512.198},{"text":"international","start":9512.198,"end":9512.995},{"text":"law","start":9512.995,"end":9513.028},{"text":"to","start":9513.321,"end":9513.386},{"text":"be","start":9513.484,"end":9513.565},{"text":"integrated","start":9513.646,"end":9514.444},{"text":"into","start":9514.477,"end":9514.77},{"text":"the","start":9514.786,"end":9514.883},{"text":"teaching","start":9514.883,"end":9515.307},{"text":"of","start":9515.453,"end":9515.518},{"text":"legal","start":9515.616,"end":9516.023},{"text":"specializations","start":9516.023,"end":9516.886},{"text":"in","start":9516.918,"end":9516.983},{"text":"all","start":9516.983,"end":9517.016},{"text":"Arab","start":9517.016,"end":9517.13},{"text":"universities,","start":9517.13,"end":9517.618},{"text":"We","start":9519.485,"end":9519.63},{"text":"encourage","start":9519.727,"end":9521.015},{"text":"the","start":9521.434,"end":9521.643},{"text":"Codification","start":9521.643,"end":9522.513},{"text":"Division","start":9522.609,"end":9522.996},{"text":"of","start":9523.092,"end":9523.205},{"text":"the","start":9523.205,"end":9523.334},{"text":"Office","start":9523.43,"end":9523.704},{"text":"of","start":9523.849,"end":9523.914},{"text":"Legal","start":9524.01,"end":9524.332},{"text":"Affairs","start":9524.397,"end":9524.847},{"text":"to","start":9525.266,"end":9525.331},{"text":"organize","start":9525.443,"end":9525.975},{"text":"regional","start":9526.168,"end":9526.667},{"text":"international","start":9526.796,"end":9527.617},{"text":"law","start":9527.617,"end":9527.73},{"text":"courses","start":9527.859,"end":9528.342},{"text":"in","start":9528.342,"end":9528.39},{"text":"Arabic","start":9528.568,"end":9530.134},{"text":"for","start":9530.344,"end":9530.521},{"text":"the","start":9530.521,"end":9530.602},{"text":"Arab","start":9530.667,"end":9530.941},{"text":"region.","start":9530.941,"end":9531.296}]},{"text":"These courses must accommodate the specificities and interests of the Arab region as a distinct cross-regional geographical region.","start":9531.99,"end":9539.868,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":9531.99,"end":9532.184},{"text":"courses","start":9532.297,"end":9532.749},{"text":"must","start":9532.846,"end":9533.169},{"text":"accommodate","start":9533.185,"end":9533.815},{"text":"the","start":9533.815,"end":9533.912},{"text":"specificities","start":9533.912,"end":9535.009},{"text":"and","start":9535.106,"end":9535.348},{"text":"interests","start":9535.364,"end":9535.833},{"text":"of","start":9535.849,"end":9535.93},{"text":"the","start":9535.93,"end":9536.075},{"text":"Arab","start":9536.156,"end":9536.43},{"text":"region","start":9536.478,"end":9536.785},{"text":"as","start":9536.979,"end":9537.076},{"text":"a","start":9537.076,"end":9537.14},{"text":"distinct","start":9537.27,"end":9537.714},{"text":"cross-regional","start":9537.714,"end":9538.585},{"text":"geographical","start":9538.602,"end":9539.424},{"text":"region.","start":9539.424,"end":9539.868}]},{"text":"The International Law Fellowship Program hosted in The Hague since 2010, offers comprehensive training by highly competent jurists and international law professionals representing different regions and legal systems.","start":9541.65,"end":9557.106,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9541.65,"end":9541.747},{"text":"International","start":9541.747,"end":9542.641},{"text":"Law","start":9542.641,"end":9542.739},{"text":"Fellowship","start":9542.902,"end":9543.617},{"text":"Program","start":9543.617,"end":9544.17},{"text":"hosted","start":9544.365,"end":9544.837},{"text":"in","start":9544.853,"end":9544.902},{"text":"The","start":9544.934,"end":9545.048},{"text":"Hague","start":9545.081,"end":9545.422},{"text":"since","start":9545.522,"end":9545.909},{"text":"2010,","start":9545.909,"end":9546.779},{"text":"offers","start":9547.44,"end":9547.746},{"text":"comprehensive","start":9547.859,"end":9548.632},{"text":"training","start":9548.729,"end":9549.18},{"text":"by","start":9549.776,"end":9549.905},{"text":"highly","start":9550.018,"end":9550.405},{"text":"competent","start":9550.421,"end":9550.985},{"text":"jurists","start":9550.985,"end":9551.549},{"text":"and","start":9551.629,"end":9551.774},{"text":"international","start":9551.806,"end":9552.709},{"text":"law","start":9552.757,"end":9552.854},{"text":"professionals","start":9553.176,"end":9553.95},{"text":"representing","start":9554.225,"end":9554.921},{"text":"different","start":9555.034,"end":9555.439},{"text":"regions","start":9555.455,"end":9555.892},{"text":"and","start":9556.005,"end":9556.183},{"text":"legal","start":9556.232,"end":9556.588},{"text":"systems.","start":9556.588,"end":9557.106}]},{"text":"On this, we call on the Codification Division to increase the geographic diversity of lecturers by ensuring the widest participation possible of professors, experts, and specialists from Arab universities and institutes.","start":9557.867,"end":9575.994,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."},{"key":"multilingual-access","label":"Multilingual and Inclusive Access","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for better linguistic diversity, wider geographic representation, and stronger accessibility in international law training materials. This included support for more content in additional UN languages, digital access tools, and accommodations for persons with disabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":9557.867,"end":9557.915},{"text":"this,","start":9558.029,"end":9558.223},{"text":"we","start":9558.676,"end":9558.838},{"text":"call","start":9558.838,"end":9559.178},{"text":"on","start":9559.307,"end":9559.372},{"text":"the","start":9559.404,"end":9559.485},{"text":"Codification","start":9559.631,"end":9560.424},{"text":"Division","start":9560.683,"end":9560.991},{"text":"to","start":9561.59,"end":9561.703},{"text":"increase","start":9561.816,"end":9562.415},{"text":"the","start":9562.48,"end":9562.561},{"text":"geographic","start":9562.61,"end":9563.159},{"text":"diversity","start":9563.272,"end":9563.984},{"text":"of","start":9564.016,"end":9564.146},{"text":"lecturers","start":9564.243,"end":9564.954},{"text":"by","start":9567.008,"end":9567.105},{"text":"ensuring","start":9567.315,"end":9567.865},{"text":"the","start":9568.123,"end":9568.301},{"text":"widest","start":9568.301,"end":9568.835},{"text":"participation","start":9568.932,"end":9569.918},{"text":"possible","start":9569.918,"end":9570.549},{"text":"of","start":9570.63,"end":9570.694},{"text":"professors,","start":9570.791,"end":9571.503},{"text":"experts,","start":9571.697,"end":9572.117},{"text":"and","start":9572.283,"end":9572.446},{"text":"specialists","start":9572.446,"end":9573.065},{"text":"from","start":9573.162,"end":9573.374},{"text":"Arab","start":9573.569,"end":9573.927},{"text":"universities","start":9574.302,"end":9575.181},{"text":"and","start":9575.213,"end":9575.278},{"text":"institutes.","start":9575.457,"end":9575.994}]},{"text":"We commend the efforts of the Office of Legal Affairs to increase the number of lecturers from Arab countries.","start":9579.21,"end":9586.65,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."},{"key":"multilingual-access","label":"Multilingual and Inclusive Access","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for better linguistic diversity, wider geographic representation, and stronger accessibility in international law training materials. This included support for more content in additional UN languages, digital access tools, and accommodations for persons with disabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9579.21,"end":9579.242},{"text":"commend","start":9579.307,"end":9579.857},{"text":"the","start":9579.97,"end":9580.115},{"text":"efforts","start":9580.196,"end":9580.698},{"text":"of","start":9580.779,"end":9580.908},{"text":"the","start":9580.924,"end":9581.086},{"text":"Office","start":9581.167,"end":9581.458},{"text":"of","start":9581.587,"end":9581.684},{"text":"Legal","start":9581.749,"end":9582.089},{"text":"Affairs","start":9582.153,"end":9582.687},{"text":"to","start":9583.35,"end":9583.512},{"text":"increase","start":9583.512,"end":9583.9},{"text":"the","start":9584.094,"end":9584.192},{"text":"number","start":9584.192,"end":9584.612},{"text":"of","start":9584.644,"end":9584.79},{"text":"lecturers","start":9584.822,"end":9585.518},{"text":"from","start":9585.615,"end":9585.825},{"text":"Arab","start":9585.938,"end":9586.262},{"text":"countries.","start":9586.262,"end":9586.65}]},{"text":"We continue to encourage these efforts that enhance the inclusion and equal— equitable geographical representation of all legal systems.","start":9587.572,"end":9597.428,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."},{"key":"multilingual-access","label":"Multilingual and Inclusive Access","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for better linguistic diversity, wider geographic representation, and stronger accessibility in international law training materials. This included support for more content in additional UN languages, digital access tools, and accommodations for persons with disabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9587.572,"end":9587.718},{"text":"continue","start":9587.718,"end":9588.349},{"text":"to","start":9588.365,"end":9588.43},{"text":"encourage","start":9588.43,"end":9588.944},{"text":"these","start":9589.088,"end":9589.313},{"text":"efforts","start":9589.41,"end":9590.02},{"text":"that","start":9590.39,"end":9590.631},{"text":"enhance","start":9590.631,"end":9591.306},{"text":"the","start":9591.435,"end":9591.515},{"text":"inclusion","start":9591.595,"end":9592.206},{"text":"and","start":9592.624,"end":9592.849},{"text":"equal—","start":9592.945,"end":9593.299},{"text":"equitable","start":9593.668,"end":9594.343},{"text":"geographical","start":9594.568,"end":9595.259},{"text":"representation","start":9595.291,"end":9596.191},{"text":"of","start":9596.255,"end":9596.448},{"text":"all","start":9596.48,"end":9596.577},{"text":"legal","start":9596.577,"end":9596.898},{"text":"systems.","start":9596.898,"end":9597.428}]},{"text":"In light of the current financial crisis and the existing constraints as part of UN Haiti Initiative, we express our concern over the biannual nature of training activities.","start":9600.015,"end":9612.578,"topics":[{"key":"programme-funding","label":"Programme Funding and Liquidity","description":"Delegations expressed concern that the UN liquidity crisis and budget constraints could reduce or delay training programmes and fellowships. Many called for sustained regular-budget support, supplemented by voluntary contributions and practical partnerships, to preserve annual activities."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9600.015,"end":9600.063},{"text":"light","start":9600.175,"end":9600.577},{"text":"of","start":9600.641,"end":9600.69},{"text":"the","start":9600.754,"end":9600.899},{"text":"current","start":9600.899,"end":9601.284},{"text":"financial","start":9601.284,"end":9601.863},{"text":"crisis","start":9601.863,"end":9602.522},{"text":"and","start":9602.666,"end":9602.73},{"text":"the","start":9602.827,"end":9602.907},{"text":"existing","start":9602.907,"end":9603.437},{"text":"constraints","start":9603.534,"end":9604.193},{"text":"as","start":9604.257,"end":9604.321},{"text":"part","start":9604.498,"end":9604.819},{"text":"of","start":9604.835,"end":9604.9},{"text":"UN","start":9604.996,"end":9605.285},{"text":"Haiti","start":9605.366,"end":9605.639},{"text":"Initiative,","start":9605.719,"end":9606.25},{"text":"we","start":9606.844,"end":9606.908},{"text":"express","start":9606.989,"end":9607.519},{"text":"our","start":9607.631,"end":9607.905},{"text":"concern","start":9608.049,"end":9608.563},{"text":"over","start":9608.676,"end":9609.015},{"text":"the","start":9609.015,"end":9609.095},{"text":"biannual","start":9609.16,"end":9610.063},{"text":"nature","start":9610.305,"end":9611.095},{"text":"of","start":9611.111,"end":9611.24},{"text":"training","start":9611.417,"end":9611.804},{"text":"activities.","start":9611.917,"end":9612.578}]},{"text":"These activity— this must remain a temporary, not permanent measure.","start":9613.11,"end":9617.173,"topics":[{"key":"programme-funding","label":"Programme Funding and Liquidity","description":"Delegations expressed concern that the UN liquidity crisis and budget constraints could reduce or delay training programmes and fellowships. Many called for sustained regular-budget support, supplemented by voluntary contributions and practical partnerships, to preserve annual activities."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":9613.11,"end":9613.255},{"text":"activity—","start":9613.432,"end":9614.077},{"text":"this","start":9614.093,"end":9614.335},{"text":"must","start":9614.335,"end":9614.529},{"text":"remain","start":9614.642,"end":9614.948},{"text":"a","start":9615.125,"end":9615.141},{"text":"temporary,","start":9615.141,"end":9615.835},{"text":"not","start":9615.883,"end":9616.189},{"text":"permanent","start":9616.189,"end":9616.818},{"text":"measure.","start":9616.818,"end":9617.173}]},{"text":"We commend the Secretary General's efforts to enhance training activities for the dissemination of international law mainly the establishment of the alumni network of participants of the training program organized under the Program of Assistance.","start":9618.888,"end":9635.06,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9618.888,"end":9619.033},{"text":"commend","start":9619.033,"end":9619.745},{"text":"the","start":9619.745,"end":9619.858},{"text":"Secretary","start":9619.858,"end":9620.537},{"text":"General's","start":9620.569,"end":9621.07},{"text":"efforts","start":9621.2,"end":9621.701},{"text":"to","start":9622.024,"end":9622.121},{"text":"enhance","start":9622.186,"end":9622.768},{"text":"training","start":9622.832,"end":9623.204},{"text":"activities","start":9623.382,"end":9624.093},{"text":"for","start":9624.125,"end":9624.255},{"text":"the","start":9624.352,"end":9624.449},{"text":"dissemination","start":9624.449,"end":9625.225},{"text":"of","start":9625.402,"end":9625.564},{"text":"international","start":9625.564,"end":9626.389},{"text":"law","start":9626.389,"end":9626.469},{"text":"mainly","start":9627.049,"end":9627.517},{"text":"the","start":9627.549,"end":9627.614},{"text":"establishment","start":9627.63,"end":9628.583},{"text":"of","start":9628.615,"end":9628.696},{"text":"the","start":9628.745,"end":9628.874},{"text":"alumni","start":9628.922,"end":9629.407},{"text":"network","start":9629.423,"end":9630.037},{"text":"of","start":9630.117,"end":9630.166},{"text":"participants","start":9630.311,"end":9631.086},{"text":"of","start":9631.119,"end":9631.199},{"text":"the","start":9631.248,"end":9631.345},{"text":"training","start":9631.345,"end":9631.797},{"text":"program","start":9631.894,"end":9632.411},{"text":"organized","start":9632.782,"end":9633.348},{"text":"under","start":9633.428,"end":9633.687},{"text":"the","start":9633.687,"end":9633.767},{"text":"Program","start":9633.767,"end":9634.204},{"text":"of","start":9634.268,"end":9634.414},{"text":"Assistance.","start":9634.414,"end":9635.06}]},{"text":"We commend the gradual updating of UN electronic publications.","start":9638.39,"end":9642.73,"topics":[{"key":"multilingual-access","label":"Multilingual and Inclusive Access","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for better linguistic diversity, wider geographic representation, and stronger accessibility in international law training materials. This included support for more content in additional UN languages, digital access tools, and accommodations for persons with disabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9638.39,"end":9638.568},{"text":"commend","start":9638.632,"end":9639.181},{"text":"the","start":9639.213,"end":9639.358},{"text":"gradual","start":9639.358,"end":9640.004},{"text":"updating","start":9640.004,"end":9640.472},{"text":"of","start":9640.665,"end":9640.73},{"text":"UN","start":9640.826,"end":9641.101},{"text":"electronic","start":9641.23,"end":9641.859},{"text":"publications.","start":9641.875,"end":9642.73}]},{"text":"This is an effective tool by the Codification Division to promote the culture of international law.","start":9643.311,"end":9649.166,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9643.311,"end":9643.505},{"text":"is","start":9643.505,"end":9643.698},{"text":"an","start":9643.73,"end":9643.827},{"text":"effective","start":9643.827,"end":9644.344},{"text":"tool","start":9644.376,"end":9644.715},{"text":"by","start":9644.779,"end":9644.94},{"text":"the","start":9644.94,"end":9645.166},{"text":"Codification","start":9645.166,"end":9646.36},{"text":"Division","start":9646.473,"end":9646.828},{"text":"to","start":9647.038,"end":9647.167},{"text":"promote","start":9647.183,"end":9647.522},{"text":"the","start":9647.522,"end":9647.667},{"text":"culture","start":9647.667,"end":9648.005},{"text":"of","start":9648.15,"end":9648.311},{"text":"international","start":9648.328,"end":9649.117},{"text":"law.","start":9649.117,"end":9649.166}]},{"text":"We encourage the Division to ensure equality among all official languages to the best of its capacity, mainly Arabic, in the development of the audiovisual library as a main contribution to the teaching and dissemination of international law across the world.","start":9650.358,"end":9669.283,"topics":[{"key":"multilingual-access","label":"Multilingual and Inclusive Access","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for better linguistic diversity, wider geographic representation, and stronger accessibility in international law training materials. This included support for more content in additional UN languages, digital access tools, and accommodations for persons with disabilities."},{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9650.358,"end":9650.487},{"text":"encourage","start":9650.568,"end":9651.067},{"text":"the","start":9651.293,"end":9651.389},{"text":"Division","start":9651.389,"end":9651.825},{"text":"to","start":9652.211,"end":9652.324},{"text":"ensure","start":9652.34,"end":9652.791},{"text":"equality","start":9652.985,"end":9653.613},{"text":"among","start":9653.791,"end":9654.016},{"text":"all","start":9654.274,"end":9654.596},{"text":"official","start":9654.613,"end":9655.273},{"text":"languages","start":9655.322,"end":9655.87},{"text":"to","start":9656.116,"end":9656.181},{"text":"the","start":9656.213,"end":9656.293},{"text":"best","start":9656.374,"end":9656.696},{"text":"of","start":9656.712,"end":9656.825},{"text":"its","start":9656.873,"end":9657.098},{"text":"capacity,","start":9657.098,"end":9657.71},{"text":"mainly","start":9658.065,"end":9658.435},{"text":"Arabic,","start":9658.693,"end":9659.176},{"text":"in","start":9659.433,"end":9659.482},{"text":"the","start":9659.594,"end":9659.675},{"text":"development","start":9659.675,"end":9660.464},{"text":"of","start":9660.496,"end":9660.577},{"text":"the","start":9660.641,"end":9660.882},{"text":"audiovisual","start":9660.947,"end":9661.752},{"text":"library","start":9661.752,"end":9662.3},{"text":"as","start":9663.539,"end":9663.588},{"text":"a","start":9663.7,"end":9663.717},{"text":"main","start":9663.733,"end":9664.071},{"text":"contribution","start":9664.103,"end":9664.94},{"text":"to","start":9665.327,"end":9665.44},{"text":"the","start":9665.44,"end":9665.554},{"text":"teaching","start":9665.554,"end":9666.012},{"text":"and","start":9666.192,"end":9666.257},{"text":"dissemination","start":9666.29,"end":9667.141},{"text":"of","start":9667.255,"end":9667.435},{"text":"international","start":9667.435,"end":9668.253},{"text":"law","start":9668.253,"end":9668.335},{"text":"across","start":9668.564,"end":9668.842},{"text":"the","start":9668.907,"end":9669.054},{"text":"world.","start":9669.054,"end":9669.283}]},{"text":"On the desk— desktop publishing by the Codification Division, mainly the publishing of summaries of judgments, advisory opinions, and orders of the ICJ in English and French.","start":9671.22,"end":9682.737,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"On","start":9671.22,"end":9671.268},{"text":"the","start":9671.333,"end":9671.43},{"text":"desk—","start":9671.43,"end":9672.141},{"text":"desktop","start":9672.141,"end":9672.788},{"text":"publishing","start":9672.788,"end":9673.321},{"text":"by","start":9673.434,"end":9673.515},{"text":"the","start":9673.596,"end":9673.758},{"text":"Codification","start":9673.758,"end":9674.598},{"text":"Division,","start":9674.809,"end":9675.18},{"text":"mainly","start":9675.714,"end":9676.15},{"text":"the","start":9676.167,"end":9676.328},{"text":"publishing","start":9676.328,"end":9676.797},{"text":"of","start":9676.991,"end":9677.088},{"text":"summaries","start":9677.088,"end":9677.654},{"text":"of","start":9677.783,"end":9677.848},{"text":"judgments,","start":9677.961,"end":9678.672},{"text":"advisory","start":9678.753,"end":9679.351},{"text":"opinions,","start":9679.416,"end":9679.917},{"text":"and","start":9680.047,"end":9680.24},{"text":"orders","start":9680.37,"end":9680.79},{"text":"of","start":9680.855,"end":9680.903},{"text":"the","start":9680.92,"end":9681.151},{"text":"ICJ","start":9681.283,"end":9681.514},{"text":"in","start":9681.861,"end":9681.911},{"text":"English","start":9682.175,"end":9682.522},{"text":"and","start":9682.522,"end":9682.572},{"text":"French.","start":9682.572,"end":9682.737}]},{"text":"French, the two working languages of the ICJ.","start":9683.38,"end":9687.735,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"French,","start":9683.38,"end":9684.344},{"text":"the","start":9684.44,"end":9684.617},{"text":"two","start":9684.617,"end":9684.794},{"text":"working","start":9685.806,"end":9686.111},{"text":"languages","start":9686.208,"end":9686.754},{"text":"of","start":9686.931,"end":9687.092},{"text":"the","start":9687.092,"end":9687.252},{"text":"ICJ.","start":9687.268,"end":9687.735}]},{"text":"Out of fairness, we believe that these summaries should have been published in the official languages of the UN, even if they are not working languages of the ICJ.","start":9689.342,"end":9701.411,"topics":[{"key":"multilingual-access","label":"Multilingual and Inclusive Access","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for better linguistic diversity, wider geographic representation, and stronger accessibility in international law training materials. This included support for more content in additional UN languages, digital access tools, and accommodations for persons with disabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"Out","start":9689.342,"end":9689.599},{"text":"of","start":9689.599,"end":9689.727},{"text":"fairness,","start":9689.743,"end":9690.354},{"text":"we","start":9691.607,"end":9691.688},{"text":"believe","start":9691.768,"end":9692.186},{"text":"that","start":9692.347,"end":9692.54},{"text":"these","start":9692.54,"end":9692.749},{"text":"summaries","start":9692.91,"end":9693.425},{"text":"should","start":9693.618,"end":9693.924},{"text":"have","start":9693.924,"end":9694.15},{"text":"been","start":9694.182,"end":9694.311},{"text":"published","start":9694.488,"end":9695.067},{"text":"in","start":9695.132,"end":9695.196},{"text":"the","start":9695.228,"end":9695.373},{"text":"official","start":9695.405,"end":9695.888},{"text":"languages","start":9696.017,"end":9696.645},{"text":"of","start":9696.838,"end":9696.935},{"text":"the","start":9696.935,"end":9697.032},{"text":"UN,","start":9697.08,"end":9697.434},{"text":"even","start":9698.126,"end":9698.4},{"text":"if","start":9698.529,"end":9698.69},{"text":"they","start":9698.69,"end":9698.771},{"text":"are","start":9698.932,"end":9699.109},{"text":"not","start":9699.109,"end":9699.495},{"text":"working","start":9699.576,"end":9699.946},{"text":"languages","start":9700.059,"end":9700.509},{"text":"of","start":9700.687,"end":9700.751},{"text":"the","start":9700.783,"end":9700.928},{"text":"ICJ.","start":9700.944,"end":9701.411}]},{"text":"More often than not, they are the only reference on the ICJ's jurisprudence for teachers researchers, and university students.","start":9702.12,"end":9711.393,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"More","start":9702.12,"end":9702.266},{"text":"often","start":9702.461,"end":9702.77},{"text":"than","start":9702.802,"end":9702.932},{"text":"not,","start":9703.046,"end":9703.371},{"text":"they","start":9703.68,"end":9703.842},{"text":"are","start":9703.923,"end":9704.086},{"text":"the","start":9704.086,"end":9704.248},{"text":"only","start":9704.33,"end":9704.557},{"text":"reference","start":9704.736,"end":9705.321},{"text":"on","start":9705.467,"end":9705.532},{"text":"the","start":9705.565,"end":9705.678},{"text":"ICJ's","start":9705.808,"end":9706.54},{"text":"jurisprudence","start":9706.686,"end":9707.661},{"text":"for","start":9707.921,"end":9708.083},{"text":"teachers","start":9708.083,"end":9708.62},{"text":"researchers,","start":9709.01,"end":9709.749},{"text":"and","start":9710.094,"end":9710.193},{"text":"university","start":9710.193,"end":9710.867},{"text":"students.","start":9710.867,"end":9711.393}]},{"text":"The UN Juridical Yearbook must be published in Arabic since it contains documents of legal nature published by the UN and international organization— governmental organizations.","start":9716.013,"end":9732.169,"topics":[{"key":"multilingual-access","label":"Multilingual and Inclusive Access","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for better linguistic diversity, wider geographic representation, and stronger accessibility in international law training materials. This included support for more content in additional UN languages, digital access tools, and accommodations for persons with disabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9716.013,"end":9716.174},{"text":"UN","start":9716.174,"end":9716.449},{"text":"Juridical","start":9716.755,"end":9717.627},{"text":"Yearbook","start":9717.691,"end":9718.208},{"text":"must","start":9718.837,"end":9719.111},{"text":"be","start":9719.144,"end":9719.24},{"text":"published","start":9719.321,"end":9719.87},{"text":"in","start":9719.886,"end":9720.015},{"text":"Arabic","start":9720.047,"end":9720.515},{"text":"since","start":9721.354,"end":9721.839},{"text":"it","start":9721.839,"end":9722.048},{"text":"contains","start":9722.048,"end":9722.678},{"text":"documents","start":9723.259,"end":9723.84},{"text":"of","start":9723.904,"end":9724.05},{"text":"legal","start":9724.05,"end":9724.324},{"text":"nature","start":9724.324,"end":9724.986},{"text":"published","start":9725.292,"end":9725.744},{"text":"by","start":9725.777,"end":9725.922},{"text":"the","start":9725.922,"end":9726.083},{"text":"UN","start":9726.083,"end":9726.374},{"text":"and","start":9726.81,"end":9727.052},{"text":"international","start":9727.052,"end":9727.843},{"text":"organization—","start":9727.956,"end":9728.811},{"text":"governmental","start":9730.603,"end":9731.249},{"text":"organizations.","start":9731.265,"end":9732.169}]},{"text":"This will help Arab specialists and legal researchers to benefit from this yearbook.","start":9732.54,"end":9738.764,"topics":[{"key":"multilingual-access","label":"Multilingual and Inclusive Access","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for better linguistic diversity, wider geographic representation, and stronger accessibility in international law training materials. This included support for more content in additional UN languages, digital access tools, and accommodations for persons with disabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9732.54,"end":9732.653},{"text":"will","start":9732.717,"end":9732.895},{"text":"help","start":9732.943,"end":9733.202},{"text":"Arab","start":9733.202,"end":9733.448},{"text":"specialists","start":9733.448,"end":9734.104},{"text":"and","start":9734.251,"end":9734.333},{"text":"legal","start":9734.497,"end":9734.89},{"text":"researchers","start":9735.021,"end":9735.873},{"text":"to","start":9736.797,"end":9737.027},{"text":"benefit","start":9737.289,"end":9737.797},{"text":"from","start":9737.863,"end":9738.027},{"text":"this","start":9738.043,"end":9738.174},{"text":"yearbook.","start":9738.289,"end":9738.764}]},{"text":"The Arab Group is keen to preserve the effectiveness and efficiency of the UN program of assistance so that it can increase awareness and knowledge of international law rules.","start":9742.661,"end":9755.401,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. 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therefore condemn the appointment of Israel, the occupying power, as a member of the advisory 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repeated violations of international law and international 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targets UN staff and criminalizes UN agencies, mainly UNRWA.","start":9795.369,"end":9800.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Israel","start":9795.369,"end":9795.802},{"text":"targets","start":9795.866,"end":9796.411},{"text":"UN","start":9796.411,"end":9796.62},{"text":"staff","start":9796.668,"end":9797.149},{"text":"and","start":9797.293,"end":9797.453},{"text":"criminalizes","start":9797.453,"end":9798.239},{"text":"UN","start":9798.271,"end":9798.543},{"text":"agencies,","start":9798.736,"end":9799.361},{"text":"mainly","start":9799.409,"end":9799.73},{"text":"UNRWA.","start":9799.858,"end":9800.13}]},{"text":"As such, Israel has no place in the Advisory Committee and the 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conclusion, Mr. Chair, we express our gratitude to member states that have made voluntary monetary and in-kind contributions to provide for additional fellowships.","start":9819.967,"end":9831.294,"topics":[{"key":"programme-funding","label":"Programme Funding and Liquidity","description":"Delegations expressed concern that the UN liquidity crisis and budget constraints could reduce or delay training programmes and fellowships. Many called for sustained regular-budget support, supplemented by voluntary contributions and practical partnerships, to preserve annual activities."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9819.967,"end":9820.032},{"text":"conclusion,","start":9820.113,"end":9820.726},{"text":"Mr.","start":9820.758,"end":9821.097},{"text":"Chair,","start":9821.161,"end":9821.565},{"text":"we","start":9822.113,"end":9822.194},{"text":"express","start":9822.226,"end":9822.775},{"text":"our","start":9822.775,"end":9822.904},{"text":"gratitude","start":9823.017,"end":9823.646},{"text":"to","start":9823.646,"end":9823.792},{"text":"member","start":9823.824,"end":9824.146},{"text":"states","start":9824.146,"end":9824.566},{"text":"that","start":9824.872,"end":9825.098},{"text":"have","start":9825.098,"end":9825.276},{"text":"made","start":9825.276,"end":9825.615},{"text":"voluntary","start":9825.986,"end":9826.647},{"text":"monetary","start":9826.647,"end":9827.196},{"text":"and","start":9827.276,"end":9827.357},{"text":"in-kind","start":9827.454,"end":9827.938},{"text":"contributions","start":9828.002,"end":9828.793},{"text":"to","start":9829.132,"end":9829.228},{"text":"provide","start":9829.228,"end":9829.712},{"text":"for","start":9829.712,"end":9829.954},{"text":"additional","start":9829.954,"end":9830.535},{"text":"fellowships.","start":9830.68,"end":9831.294}]},{"text":"We underscore the importance of funding the program activities from the regular budget of the UN.","start":9831.89,"end":9837.107,"topics":[{"key":"programme-funding","label":"Programme Funding and Liquidity","description":"Delegations expressed concern that the UN liquidity crisis and budget constraints could reduce or delay training programmes and fellowships. Many called for sustained regular-budget support, supplemented by voluntary contributions and practical partnerships, to preserve annual 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Group","function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":69,"start":9837.302,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=9838","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":9837.302,"end":9837.74,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9837.302,"end":9837.546},{"text":"you.","start":9837.546,"end":9837.74}]},{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Oman speaking on behalf of the Arab 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Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":70,"start":9859.68,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=9860","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Mr. Chair.","start":9859.68,"end":9861.568,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9859.68,"end":9859.873},{"text":"you","start":9859.873,"end":9859.954},{"text":"very","start":9859.954,"end":9860.131},{"text":"much,","start":9860.131,"end":9860.406},{"text":"Mr.","start":9861.067,"end":9861.261},{"text":"Chair.","start":9861.309,"end":9861.568}]},{"text":"Let me say how delighted I am to see you chairing this very important committee, especially since you are also part of our community of ASEAN countries.","start":9861.648,"end":9872.782,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":9861.648,"end":9861.713},{"text":"me","start":9861.713,"end":9861.826},{"text":"say","start":9861.826,"end":9862.116},{"text":"how","start":9862.116,"end":9862.31},{"text":"delighted","start":9862.31,"end":9862.843},{"text":"I","start":9862.843,"end":9862.923},{"text":"am","start":9863.004,"end":9863.181},{"text":"to","start":9863.181,"end":9863.327},{"text":"see","start":9863.327,"end":9863.585},{"text":"you","start":9863.585,"end":9863.762},{"text":"chairing","start":9864.537,"end":9864.844},{"text":"this","start":9864.957,"end":9865.199},{"text":"very","start":9865.199,"end":9865.376},{"text":"important","start":9865.376,"end":9865.893},{"text":"committee,","start":9865.925,"end":9866.377},{"text":"especially","start":9866.909,"end":9867.458},{"text":"since","start":9867.458,"end":9867.748},{"text":"you","start":9867.861,"end":9868.104},{"text":"are","start":9868.104,"end":9868.346},{"text":"also","start":9868.346,"end":9868.814},{"text":"part","start":9869.71,"end":9869.984},{"text":"of","start":9869.984,"end":9870.081},{"text":"our","start":9870.081,"end":9870.308},{"text":"community","start":9870.308,"end":9870.922},{"text":"of","start":9871.262,"end":9871.408},{"text":"ASEAN","start":9871.586,"end":9872.33},{"text":"countries.","start":9872.33,"end":9872.782}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, I am pleased to speak on behalf of the 10 member states of ASEAN, namely Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.","start":9873.688,"end":9887.269,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":9873.688,"end":9873.85},{"text":"Chair,","start":9873.931,"end":9874.06},{"text":"I","start":9874.109,"end":9874.189},{"text":"am","start":9874.189,"end":9874.335},{"text":"pleased","start":9874.335,"end":9874.594},{"text":"to","start":9874.594,"end":9874.755},{"text":"speak","start":9874.755,"end":9875.176},{"text":"on","start":9875.225,"end":9875.289},{"text":"behalf","start":9875.322,"end":9875.791},{"text":"of","start":9875.791,"end":9875.855},{"text":"the","start":9875.888,"end":9875.968},{"text":"10","start":9875.968,"end":9876.163},{"text":"member","start":9876.535,"end":9876.777},{"text":"states","start":9876.777,"end":9877.262},{"text":"of","start":9877.262,"end":9877.376},{"text":"ASEAN,","start":9877.57,"end":9878.071},{"text":"namely","start":9878.47,"end":9878.63},{"text":"Brunei","start":9878.663,"end":9879.049},{"text":"Darussalam,","start":9879.049,"end":9879.676},{"text":"Cambodia,","start":9879.853,"end":9880.528},{"text":"Indonesia,","start":9880.593,"end":9881.22},{"text":"Laos","start":9881.88,"end":9882.089},{"text":"PDR,","start":9882.201,"end":9882.7},{"text":"Malaysia,","start":9882.941,"end":9883.359},{"text":"Myanmar,","start":9883.408,"end":9884.051},{"text":"the","start":9884.212,"end":9884.292},{"text":"Philippines,","start":9884.357,"end":9884.904},{"text":"Singapore,","start":9885,"end":9885.579},{"text":"Thailand,","start":9886.062,"end":9886.512},{"text":"and","start":9886.625,"end":9886.689},{"text":"Vietnam.","start":9886.786,"end":9887.269}]},{"text":"ASEAN would like to extend its sincere appreciation to the Secretary-General for his report contained in Document A/AT/430, 3.7, which covers the implementation of the UN Programme of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law and activities planned for 2026.","start":9888.379,"end":9907.414,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"ASEAN","start":9888.379,"end":9888.605},{"text":"would","start":9888.637,"end":9888.782},{"text":"like","start":9888.798,"end":9889.055},{"text":"to","start":9889.055,"end":9889.184},{"text":"extend","start":9889.2,"end":9889.635},{"text":"its","start":9889.683,"end":9889.828},{"text":"sincere","start":9889.828,"end":9890.246},{"text":"appreciation","start":9890.246,"end":9890.858},{"text":"to","start":9890.89,"end":9890.971},{"text":"the","start":9890.971,"end":9891.035},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":9891.035,"end":9891.84},{"text":"for","start":9891.856,"end":9891.904},{"text":"his","start":9891.904,"end":9892.065},{"text":"report","start":9892.097,"end":9892.484},{"text":"contained","start":9892.5,"end":9893.047},{"text":"in","start":9893.047,"end":9893.095},{"text":"Document","start":9893.144,"end":9893.691},{"text":"A/AT/430,","start":9893.771,"end":9894.158},{"text":"3.7,","start":9895.42,"end":9895.901},{"text":"which","start":9896.8,"end":9896.945},{"text":"covers","start":9897.041,"end":9897.266},{"text":"the","start":9897.378,"end":9897.443},{"text":"implementation","start":9897.443,"end":9898.149},{"text":"of","start":9898.245,"end":9898.342},{"text":"the","start":9898.342,"end":9898.422},{"text":"UN","start":9898.422,"end":9898.631},{"text":"Programme","start":9898.743,"end":9899.096},{"text":"of","start":9899.161,"end":9899.305},{"text":"Assistance","start":9899.305,"end":9899.947},{"text":"in","start":9899.947,"end":9900.028},{"text":"the","start":9900.028,"end":9900.108},{"text":"Teaching,","start":9900.188,"end":9900.477},{"text":"Study,","start":9900.574,"end":9900.959},{"text":"Dissemination","start":9901.055,"end":9901.842},{"text":"and","start":9902.035,"end":9902.099},{"text":"Wider","start":9902.195,"end":9902.436},{"text":"Appreciation","start":9902.5,"end":9903.127},{"text":"of","start":9903.223,"end":9903.319},{"text":"International","start":9903.319,"end":9903.946},{"text":"Law","start":9903.946,"end":9904.042},{"text":"and","start":9904.845,"end":9904.909},{"text":"activities","start":9904.989,"end":9905.535},{"text":"planned","start":9905.728,"end":9905.985},{"text":"for","start":9906.049,"end":9906.274},{"text":"2026.","start":9906.274,"end":9907.414}]},{"text":"ASEAN also commends the efforts of the Advisory Committee and the Office of Legal Affairs, in particular the Codification Division, in conducting activities under the Programme of Assistance.","start":9908.538,"end":9919.296,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"ASEAN","start":9908.538,"end":9908.811},{"text":"also","start":9908.859,"end":9909.116},{"text":"commends","start":9909.18,"end":9909.597},{"text":"the","start":9909.662,"end":9909.806},{"text":"efforts","start":9909.887,"end":9910.159},{"text":"of","start":9910.208,"end":9910.304},{"text":"the","start":9910.304,"end":9910.448},{"text":"Advisory","start":9910.448,"end":9910.914},{"text":"Committee","start":9910.946,"end":9911.316},{"text":"and","start":9911.572,"end":9911.653},{"text":"the","start":9911.653,"end":9911.733},{"text":"Office","start":9911.813,"end":9912.15},{"text":"of","start":9912.15,"end":9912.215},{"text":"Legal","start":9912.295,"end":9912.552},{"text":"Affairs,","start":9912.552,"end":9912.841},{"text":"in","start":9913.114,"end":9913.162},{"text":"particular","start":9913.274,"end":9913.756},{"text":"the","start":9913.756,"end":9913.917},{"text":"Codification","start":9913.917,"end":9914.591},{"text":"Division,","start":9914.639,"end":9914.928},{"text":"in","start":9915.747,"end":9915.892},{"text":"conducting","start":9915.988,"end":9916.454},{"text":"activities","start":9916.646,"end":9917.256},{"text":"under","start":9917.449,"end":9917.546},{"text":"the","start":9917.61,"end":9917.706},{"text":"Programme","start":9917.706,"end":9918.22},{"text":"of","start":9918.477,"end":9918.637},{"text":"Assistance.","start":9918.637,"end":9919.296}]},{"text":"We note that the three UN Regional Centres in International Law for Africa, Asia-Pacific, and Latin America and the Caribbean were held in person, as well as the International Law Fellowship Programme.","start":9921.062,"end":9933.013,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. 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Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"ASEAN","start":9934.28,"end":9934.569},{"text":"greatly","start":9934.858,"end":9935.227},{"text":"appreciates","start":9935.243,"end":9935.901},{"text":"in-person","start":9936.125,"end":9936.59},{"text":"courses,","start":9936.687,"end":9937.072},{"text":"which","start":9937.569,"end":9937.681},{"text":"affords","start":9937.745,"end":9938.114},{"text":"the","start":9938.211,"end":9938.355},{"text":"opportunity","start":9938.371,"end":9938.949},{"text":"for","start":9938.949,"end":9939.269},{"text":"in-depth","start":9939.269,"end":9939.719},{"text":"discussions","start":9939.767,"end":9940.44},{"text":"and","start":9940.713,"end":9940.777},{"text":"interactions","start":9940.809,"end":9941.563},{"text":"between","start":9942.398,"end":9942.686},{"text":"participants","start":9942.718,"end":9943.52},{"text":"and","start":9943.745,"end":9943.841},{"text":"their","start":9943.841,"end":9944.098},{"text":"instructors,","start":9944.098,"end":9944.611},{"text":"and","start":9944.948,"end":9945.012},{"text":"looks","start":9945.044,"end":9945.269},{"text":"forward","start":9945.269,"end":9945.574},{"text":"to","start":9945.622,"end":9945.702},{"text":"the","start":9945.702,"end":9945.831},{"text":"convening","start":9945.831,"end":9946.296},{"text":"of","start":9946.392,"end":9946.536},{"text":"the","start":9946.633,"end":9946.713},{"text":"UN","start":9946.729,"end":9947.018},{"text":"Regional","start":9947.05,"end":9947.387},{"text":"Course","start":9947.435,"end":9948.06},{"text":"in","start":9948.34,"end":9948.389},{"text":"International","start":9948.502,"end":9949.07},{"text":"Law","start":9949.07,"end":9949.232},{"text":"for","start":9949.313,"end":9949.589},{"text":"Asia-Pacific","start":9949.703,"end":9950.303},{"text":"to","start":9950.303,"end":9950.433},{"text":"be","start":9950.433,"end":9950.514},{"text":"held","start":9950.514,"end":9950.839},{"text":"in","start":9950.839,"end":9950.904},{"text":"Thailand","start":9950.936,"end":9951.423},{"text":"in","start":9951.423,"end":9951.553},{"text":"November-December.","start":9951.585,"end":9951.958}]},{"text":"ASEAN also takes note of the increasing demand for the Programme's courses as reflected in the Secretary-General's report.","start":9954.632,"end":9961.23,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"ASEAN","start":9954.632,"end":9954.925},{"text":"also","start":9955.103,"end":9955.38},{"text":"takes","start":9955.38,"end":9955.688},{"text":"note","start":9955.688,"end":9955.948},{"text":"of","start":9955.948,"end":9956.078},{"text":"the","start":9956.078,"end":9956.176},{"text":"increasing","start":9956.176,"end":9956.631},{"text":"demand","start":9956.728,"end":9957.135},{"text":"for","start":9957.135,"end":9957.232},{"text":"the","start":9957.232,"end":9957.313},{"text":"Programme's","start":9957.378,"end":9957.996},{"text":"courses","start":9958.028,"end":9958.418},{"text":"as","start":9958.76,"end":9958.825},{"text":"reflected","start":9958.922,"end":9959.442},{"text":"in","start":9959.491,"end":9959.54},{"text":"the","start":9959.572,"end":9959.653},{"text":"Secretary-General's","start":9959.653,"end":9960.758},{"text":"report.","start":9960.791,"end":9961.23}]},{"text":"The applications for the Asia-Pacific Regional Course grew by twofold in the past year, with 184 candidates competing for 24 places.","start":9962.16,"end":9972.696,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9962.16,"end":9962.256},{"text":"applications","start":9962.337,"end":9962.966},{"text":"for","start":9962.983,"end":9963.079},{"text":"the","start":9963.079,"end":9963.225},{"text":"Asia-Pacific","start":9963.305,"end":9963.951},{"text":"Regional","start":9963.951,"end":9964.371},{"text":"Course","start":9964.371,"end":9964.742},{"text":"grew","start":9965.097,"end":9965.274},{"text":"by","start":9965.581,"end":9965.823},{"text":"twofold","start":9965.823,"end":9966.453},{"text":"in","start":9966.469,"end":9966.517},{"text":"the","start":9966.549,"end":9966.63},{"text":"past","start":9966.63,"end":9967.017},{"text":"year,","start":9967.017,"end":9967.292},{"text":"with","start":9967.518,"end":9967.808},{"text":"184","start":9968.002,"end":9969.535},{"text":"candidates","start":9969.535,"end":9970.213},{"text":"competing","start":9970.729,"end":9971.278},{"text":"for","start":9971.31,"end":9971.473},{"text":"24","start":9971.473,"end":9972.177},{"text":"places.","start":9972.227,"end":9972.696}]},{"text":"This reflects the strong interest in capacity building in international law and underscores the Programme's great value to our region.","start":9974.184,"end":9980.806,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9974.184,"end":9974.296},{"text":"reflects","start":9974.408,"end":9974.889},{"text":"the","start":9974.889,"end":9974.969},{"text":"strong","start":9974.969,"end":9975.194},{"text":"interest","start":9975.386,"end":9975.787},{"text":"in","start":9975.787,"end":9975.835},{"text":"capacity","start":9975.948,"end":9976.413},{"text":"building","start":9976.429,"end":9976.717},{"text":"in","start":9976.749,"end":9976.797},{"text":"international","start":9976.894,"end":9977.503},{"text":"law","start":9977.535,"end":9977.792},{"text":"and","start":9977.952,"end":9978.016},{"text":"underscores","start":9978.096,"end":9978.561},{"text":"the","start":9978.658,"end":9978.754},{"text":"Programme's","start":9978.754,"end":9979.299},{"text":"great","start":9979.299,"end":9979.524},{"text":"value","start":9979.556,"end":9979.989},{"text":"to","start":9980.037,"end":9980.165},{"text":"our","start":9980.181,"end":9980.422},{"text":"region.","start":9980.422,"end":9980.806}]},{"text":"ASEAN expresses concern that due to the liquidity situation of the Organization, the Office of Legal Affairs has proposed that the Programme's courses will be conducted on a biennial basis for the next 2 years as a temporary measure.","start":9981.865,"end":9996.442,"topics":[{"key":"programme-funding","label":"Programme Funding and Liquidity","description":"Delegations expressed concern that the UN liquidity crisis and budget constraints could reduce or delay training programmes and fellowships. 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Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"ASEAN","start":10056.455,"end":10056.76},{"text":"notes","start":10056.792,"end":10057.113},{"text":"the","start":10057.113,"end":10057.193},{"text":"Secretary-General's","start":10057.193,"end":10057.996},{"text":"report,","start":10057.996,"end":10058.558},{"text":"which","start":10058.782,"end":10058.959},{"text":"recognized","start":10059.039,"end":10059.73},{"text":"the","start":10059.762,"end":10059.842},{"text":"contribution","start":10059.842,"end":10060.372},{"text":"of","start":10060.484,"end":10060.532},{"text":"the","start":10060.565,"end":10060.709},{"text":"Programme","start":10060.709,"end":10061.014},{"text":"of","start":10061.11,"end":10061.223},{"text":"Assistance","start":10061.223,"end":10061.849},{"text":"to","start":10061.849,"end":10061.993},{"text":"full,","start":10061.993,"end":10062.202},{"text":"equal","start":10062.796,"end":10063.181},{"text":"and","start":10063.519,"end":10063.743},{"text":"equitable","start":10064.08,"end":10064.498},{"text":"participation","start":10064.498,"end":10065.269},{"text":"at","start":10065.782,"end":10065.927},{"text":"all","start":10066.007,"end":10066.184},{"text":"levels","start":10066.184,"end":10066.553},{"text":"in","start":10066.746,"end":10066.794},{"text":"the","start":10066.826,"end":10066.89},{"text":"international","start":10066.89,"end":10067.468},{"text":"legal","start":10067.468,"end":10067.789},{"text":"system.","start":10067.789,"end":10068.206}]},{"text":"ASEAN takes note of the work undertaken by the Codification Division in supporting the alumni network by continuing to update a shared online repository of international law materials and publication.","start":10069.7,"end":10081.083,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."},{"key":"multilingual-access","label":"Multilingual and Inclusive Access","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for better linguistic diversity, wider geographic representation, and stronger accessibility in international law training materials. 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Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."},{"key":"programme-funding","label":"Programme Funding and Liquidity","description":"Delegations expressed concern that the UN liquidity crisis and budget constraints could reduce or delay training programmes and fellowships. Many called for sustained regular-budget support, supplemented by voluntary contributions and practical partnerships, to preserve annual activities."}],"words":[{"text":"ASEAN","start":10082.304,"end":10082.512},{"text":"encourages","start":10082.625,"end":10083.171},{"text":"the","start":10083.203,"end":10083.3},{"text":"Division","start":10083.348,"end":10083.653},{"text":"to","start":10083.765,"end":10083.894},{"text":"provide","start":10083.91,"end":10084.264},{"text":"online","start":10084.472,"end":10084.922},{"text":"interactive","start":10085.195,"end":10085.741},{"text":"sessions","start":10085.774,"end":10087.027},{"text":"for","start":10087.541,"end":10087.701},{"text":"the","start":10087.701,"end":10087.846},{"text":"alumni","start":10087.862,"end":10088.183},{"text":"network,","start":10088.199,"end":10088.746},{"text":"as","start":10088.906,"end":10089.003},{"text":"it","start":10089.083,"end":10089.163},{"text":"has","start":10089.163,"end":10089.292},{"text":"done","start":10089.388,"end":10089.501},{"text":"in","start":10089.613,"end":10089.677},{"text":"the","start":10089.709,"end":10089.79},{"text":"past,","start":10089.79,"end":10090.24},{"text":"and","start":10090.738,"end":10090.818},{"text":"suggests","start":10090.85,"end":10091.316},{"text":"that","start":10091.316,"end":10091.525},{"text":"these","start":10091.557,"end":10091.766},{"text":"events","start":10091.878,"end":10092.264},{"text":"can","start":10092.264,"end":10092.408},{"text":"be","start":10092.44,"end":10092.585},{"text":"driven","start":10092.585,"end":10092.826},{"text":"by","start":10093.003,"end":10093.195},{"text":"alumni","start":10093.244,"end":10093.581},{"text":"to","start":10093.902,"end":10094.047},{"text":"minimise","start":10094.047,"end":10094.497},{"text":"costs.","start":10094.673,"end":10095.011}]},{"text":"We remain convinced that this platform will serve as a helpful tool for participants of the training programmes.","start":10096.36,"end":10101.967,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10096.36,"end":10096.456},{"text":"remain","start":10096.456,"end":10096.746},{"text":"convinced","start":10096.858,"end":10097.581},{"text":"that","start":10097.661,"end":10097.902},{"text":"this","start":10097.902,"end":10098.143},{"text":"platform","start":10098.143,"end":10098.593},{"text":"will","start":10098.706,"end":10098.866},{"text":"serve","start":10098.866,"end":10099.075},{"text":"as","start":10099.171,"end":10099.236},{"text":"a","start":10099.348,"end":10099.364},{"text":"helpful","start":10099.412,"end":10099.894},{"text":"tool","start":10099.894,"end":10100.135},{"text":"for","start":10100.135,"end":10100.312},{"text":"participants","start":10100.312,"end":10100.874},{"text":"of","start":10100.874,"end":10100.955},{"text":"the","start":10100.955,"end":10101.035},{"text":"training","start":10101.035,"end":10101.324},{"text":"programmes.","start":10101.436,"end":10101.967}]},{"text":"ASEAN also appreciates the work undertaken by the Codification Division to further develop the Audiovisual Library of International Law, and strongly supports its continued development.","start":10103.027,"end":10113.685,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"ASEAN","start":10103.027,"end":10103.316},{"text":"also","start":10103.364,"end":10103.669},{"text":"appreciates","start":10103.669,"end":10104.167},{"text":"the","start":10104.167,"end":10104.264},{"text":"work","start":10104.328,"end":10104.553},{"text":"undertaken","start":10104.633,"end":10105.083},{"text":"by","start":10105.131,"end":10105.292},{"text":"the","start":10105.292,"end":10105.437},{"text":"Codification","start":10105.437,"end":10106.063},{"text":"Division","start":10106.176,"end":10106.529},{"text":"to","start":10106.674,"end":10106.802},{"text":"further","start":10106.802,"end":10107.139},{"text":"develop","start":10107.284,"end":10107.798},{"text":"the","start":10107.67,"end":10107.88},{"text":"Audiovisual","start":10107.944,"end":10108.672},{"text":"Library","start":10108.672,"end":10109.125},{"text":"of","start":10109.384,"end":10109.481},{"text":"International","start":10109.481,"end":10110.03},{"text":"Law,","start":10110.111,"end":10110.208},{"text":"and","start":10111.243,"end":10111.324},{"text":"strongly","start":10111.34,"end":10111.68},{"text":"supports","start":10111.68,"end":10112.294},{"text":"its","start":10112.375,"end":10112.44},{"text":"continued","start":10112.537,"end":10113.087},{"text":"development.","start":10113.184,"end":10113.685}]},{"text":"The Audiovisual Library has been an important resource for ASEAN and other developing countries.","start":10114.574,"end":10119.835,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10114.574,"end":10114.704},{"text":"Audiovisual","start":10114.736,"end":10115.302},{"text":"Library","start":10115.302,"end":10115.674},{"text":"has","start":10115.852,"end":10115.998},{"text":"been","start":10116.175,"end":10116.24},{"text":"an","start":10116.499,"end":10116.564},{"text":"important","start":10116.661,"end":10117.146},{"text":"resource","start":10117.146,"end":10117.645},{"text":"for","start":10117.645,"end":10117.87},{"text":"ASEAN","start":10117.87,"end":10118.257},{"text":"and","start":10118.45,"end":10118.514},{"text":"other","start":10118.611,"end":10118.949},{"text":"developing","start":10119.03,"end":10119.432},{"text":"countries.","start":10119.481,"end":10119.835}]},{"text":"We applaud the Division's use of artificial intelligence to generate transcripts of lectures, which has served to improve the accessibility of the Audiovisual Library.","start":10121.751,"end":10131.801,"topics":[{"key":"multilingual-access","label":"Multilingual and Inclusive Access","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for better linguistic diversity, wider geographic representation, and stronger accessibility in international law training materials. This included support for more content in additional UN languages, digital access tools, and accommodations for persons with disabilities."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10121.751,"end":10121.896},{"text":"applaud","start":10121.896,"end":10122.299},{"text":"the","start":10122.299,"end":10122.396},{"text":"Division's","start":10122.396,"end":10122.943},{"text":"use","start":10122.943,"end":10123.233},{"text":"of","start":10123.265,"end":10123.41},{"text":"artificial","start":10123.587,"end":10124.103},{"text":"intelligence","start":10124.103,"end":10124.779},{"text":"to","start":10124.972,"end":10125.117},{"text":"generate","start":10125.117,"end":10125.488},{"text":"transcripts","start":10125.616,"end":10126.406},{"text":"of","start":10126.406,"end":10126.502},{"text":"lectures,","start":10126.502,"end":10126.873},{"text":"which","start":10127.549,"end":10127.678},{"text":"has","start":10127.726,"end":10127.823},{"text":"served","start":10127.823,"end":10128.451},{"text":"to","start":10128.515,"end":10128.66},{"text":"improve","start":10128.66,"end":10129.127},{"text":"the","start":10129.16,"end":10129.288},{"text":"accessibility","start":10129.305,"end":10130.094},{"text":"of","start":10130.368,"end":10130.464},{"text":"the","start":10130.512,"end":10130.593},{"text":"Audiovisual","start":10130.674,"end":10131.366},{"text":"Library.","start":10131.398,"end":10131.801}]},{"text":"We urge the Division to continue exploring ways to use emerging technology to enhance the user-friendliness of the audiovisual library while maintaining cost efficiency.","start":10132.542,"end":10143.117,"topics":[{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. 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Many called for sustained regular-budget support, supplemented by voluntary contributions and practical partnerships, to preserve annual activities."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10132.542,"end":10132.687},{"text":"urge","start":10132.767,"end":10132.912},{"text":"the","start":10133.089,"end":10133.186},{"text":"Division","start":10133.186,"end":10133.556},{"text":"to","start":10133.75,"end":10133.83},{"text":"continue","start":10133.83,"end":10134.233},{"text":"exploring","start":10134.233,"end":10134.716},{"text":"ways","start":10134.796,"end":10135.086},{"text":"to","start":10135.199,"end":10135.36},{"text":"use","start":10135.36,"end":10135.603},{"text":"emerging","start":10135.603,"end":10135.984},{"text":"technology","start":10136.083,"end":10136.73},{"text":"to","start":10137.373,"end":10137.517},{"text":"enhance","start":10137.533,"end":10138.159},{"text":"the","start":10138.159,"end":10138.255},{"text":"user-friendliness","start":10138.319,"end":10139.218},{"text":"of","start":10139.218,"end":10139.314},{"text":"the","start":10139.314,"end":10139.443},{"text":"audiovisual","start":10139.523,"end":10140.084},{"text":"library","start":10140.084,"end":10140.469},{"text":"while","start":10141.063,"end":10141.175},{"text":"maintaining","start":10141.223,"end":10141.913},{"text":"cost","start":10142.01,"end":10142.523},{"text":"efficiency.","start":10142.571,"end":10143.117}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, ASEAN strongly supports the funding of activities of the Programme from the regular budget of the United Nations.","start":10144.432,"end":10150.818,"topics":[{"key":"programme-funding","label":"Programme Funding and Liquidity","description":"Delegations expressed concern that the UN liquidity crisis and budget constraints could reduce or delay training programmes and fellowships. Many called for sustained regular-budget support, supplemented by voluntary contributions and practical partnerships, to preserve annual activities."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":10144.432,"end":10144.609},{"text":"Chair,","start":10144.657,"end":10145.01},{"text":"ASEAN","start":10145.459,"end":10145.684},{"text":"strongly","start":10145.716,"end":10146.117},{"text":"supports","start":10146.117,"end":10146.678},{"text":"the","start":10146.678,"end":10146.759},{"text":"funding","start":10146.823,"end":10147.176},{"text":"of","start":10147.24,"end":10147.384},{"text":"activities","start":10147.384,"end":10147.93},{"text":"of","start":10148.042,"end":10148.186},{"text":"the","start":10148.186,"end":10148.283},{"text":"Programme","start":10148.283,"end":10148.764},{"text":"from","start":10148.764,"end":10148.925},{"text":"the","start":10148.925,"end":10149.069},{"text":"regular","start":10149.069,"end":10149.406},{"text":"budget","start":10149.406,"end":10149.807},{"text":"of","start":10149.807,"end":10149.903},{"text":"the","start":10149.951,"end":10150.032},{"text":"United","start":10150.032,"end":10150.368},{"text":"Nations.","start":10150.368,"end":10150.818}]},{"text":"We encourage voluntary contributions to further expand and enhance these activities.","start":10151.636,"end":10156.593,"topics":[{"key":"programme-funding","label":"Programme Funding and Liquidity","description":"Delegations expressed concern that the UN liquidity crisis and budget constraints could reduce or delay training programmes and fellowships. Many called for sustained regular-budget support, supplemented by voluntary contributions and practical partnerships, to preserve annual activities."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10151.636,"end":10151.684},{"text":"encourage","start":10151.732,"end":10152.278},{"text":"voluntary","start":10152.294,"end":10152.679},{"text":"contributions","start":10152.679,"end":10153.385},{"text":"to","start":10153.481,"end":10153.577},{"text":"further","start":10153.577,"end":10153.962},{"text":"expand","start":10153.962,"end":10154.588},{"text":"and","start":10154.7,"end":10154.764},{"text":"enhance","start":10154.845,"end":10155.454},{"text":"these","start":10155.743,"end":10155.952},{"text":"activities.","start":10156.048,"end":10156.593}]},{"text":"This is all the more important in the light of the ongoing liquidity crisis, which is poised to affect the regular conduct of vital capacity-building initiatives under the Programme.","start":10157.428,"end":10167.676,"topics":[{"key":"programme-funding","label":"Programme Funding and Liquidity","description":"Delegations expressed concern that the UN liquidity crisis and budget constraints could reduce or delay training programmes and fellowships. 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wishes to take this opportunity to thank all member countries who have made their continued contribution to the Programme of 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you very much, Mr.","start":10189.602,"end":10190.729,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10189.602,"end":10189.847},{"text":"you","start":10189.847,"end":10190.011},{"text":"very","start":10190.011,"end":10190.207},{"text":"much,","start":10190.207,"end":10190.468},{"text":"Mr.","start":10190.566,"end":10190.729}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair.","start":10190.811,"end":10191.138,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair.","start":10190.811,"end":10191.138}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"SGP","affiliation_full":"Singapore","group":"ASEAN","function":"Permanent Representative"}},{"statement_number":71,"start":10193.88,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=10194","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished Permanent Representative of Singapore for his statement on behalf of 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will have the floor in the afternoon session to begin it.","start":10212.215,"end":10215.776,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":10212.215,"end":10212.28},{"text":"will","start":10212.313,"end":10212.428},{"text":"have","start":10212.462,"end":10212.66},{"text":"the","start":10212.66,"end":10212.792},{"text":"floor","start":10212.792,"end":10213.008},{"text":"in","start":10213.471,"end":10213.52},{"text":"the","start":10213.554,"end":10213.702},{"text":"afternoon","start":10213.702,"end":10216.068},{"text":"session","start":10214.186,"end":10214.559},{"text":"to","start":10215.322,"end":10215.419},{"text":"begin","start":10215.419,"end":10215.727},{"text":"it.","start":10215.727,"end":10215.776}]},{"text":"So I give the floor to the PR of El 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Chairman.","start":10221.726,"end":10223.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10221.726,"end":10222.048},{"text":"you","start":10222.048,"end":10222.193},{"text":"very","start":10222.193,"end":10222.338},{"text":"much,","start":10222.387,"end":10222.58},{"text":"Mr.","start":10222.757,"end":10222.967},{"text":"Chairman.","start":10223.015,"end":10223.45}]},{"text":"The Republic of El Salvador wishes to align itself with the statement delivered by Iraq on behalf of the G77 and China, by Colombia on behalf of CELAC, and by Chile that will give its statement on behalf of a group of 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you very much, Chair.","start":10573.308,"end":10574.271,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10573.308,"end":10573.533},{"text":"you","start":10573.533,"end":10573.565},{"text":"very","start":10573.613,"end":10573.757},{"text":"much,","start":10573.789,"end":10573.837},{"text":"Chair.","start":10574.03,"end":10574.271}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"SLV","affiliation_full":"El Salvador","group":null,"function":"Permanent Representative"}},{"statement_number":73,"start":10575.475,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/80/24?lang=en&t=10576","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the Permanent Representative of El Salvador for his statement, and also again to to thank the representatives of Chile and Moldova for their 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distinguished Permanent Representative of El Salvador was the last speaker for this agenda item for this 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will continue and conclude our debate on this agenda item 79, UN Program of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination, and Wider Appreciation of International Law, We'll continue this at our meeting this 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are also reminded that, as was decided at the first meeting of our committee, the deadline to inscribe for the debate on the agenda item to be considered by plenary next week, namely Agenda Item 80, Report of the International Law Commission on the Work of its 76th Session, is tomorrow, 24 October, 2025 at 5 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informal consultations on Agenda Item 146, Administration of Justice at the UN, will take place from 1:15 to 2 PM, uh, this afternoon, followed by consultations on Agenda Item 76, Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, from 2 PM 2:45 PM in this 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is adjourned.","start":10662.654,"end":10663.383,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Meeting","start":10662.654,"end":10662.865},{"text":"is","start":10662.913,"end":10663.027},{"text":"adjourned.","start":10663.059,"end":10663.383}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"6th Committee","affiliation_full":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair"}}],"topics":[{"key":"programme-funding","label":"Programme Funding and Liquidity","description":"Delegations expressed concern that the UN liquidity crisis and budget constraints could reduce or delay training programmes and fellowships. Many called for sustained regular-budget support, supplemented by voluntary contributions and practical partnerships, to preserve annual activities."},{"key":"multilingual-access","label":"Multilingual and Inclusive Access","description":"Speakers repeatedly called for better linguistic diversity, wider geographic representation, and stronger accessibility in international law training materials. This included support for more content in additional UN languages, digital access tools, and accommodations for persons with disabilities."},{"key":"state-responsibility-link","label":"Link to State Responsibility","description":"Numerous statements emphasized the close relationship between diplomatic protection and the draft articles on responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts. Delegations differed on whether progress on diplomatic protection should move in parallel with, or independently from, work on state responsibility."},{"key":"international-law-training","label":"International Law Training and Capacity-Building","description":"A major topic was the value of fellowships, regional courses, seminars, and the audiovisual library in strengthening knowledge of international law. Many speakers stressed that these programmes are especially important for developing countries and for wider participation in multilateral legal processes."},{"key":"nationality-local-remedies","label":"Nationality and Local Remedies","description":"Speakers examined key doctrinal rules governing diplomatic protection, especially continuous or effective nationality, dual or multiple nationality, shareholder claims, and the requirement to exhaust local remedies. There was repeated debate over how strictly these rules and their exceptions should be framed."},{"key":"stateless-refugee-protection","label":"Protection of Stateless Persons and Refugees","description":"Several delegations highlighted the draft articles' treatment of stateless persons and refugees as an important issue in its own right. Some welcomed these provisions as progressive development that protects vulnerable people, while others questioned whether they reflect customary international law."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction-scope","label":"Universal Jurisdiction Scope","description":"Delegations discussed how universal jurisdiction should be defined, what distinguishes it from other forms of extraterritorial jurisdiction, and which crimes it should cover. Several speakers stressed the lack of common international understandings and the need for greater legal clarity."},{"key":"diplomatic-protection-convention","label":"Diplomatic Protection Convention","description":"Many delegations debated whether the International Law Commission's draft articles on diplomatic protection should be transformed into a binding convention or remain as non-binding guidance. Views diverged between those seeking codification for legal certainty and those warning that negotiations are premature without broader consensus."},{"key":"universal-jurisdiction-safeguards","label":"Universal Jurisdiction Safeguards","description":"Statements addressed the conditions and limits for exercising universal jurisdiction, including respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, immunities, and non-interference. Speakers also referred to requirements such as the presence of the accused, consultation with relevant states, and avoiding politicized or selective use."},{"key":"accountability-international-crimes","label":"Accountability for International Crimes","description":"A central theme was the fight against impunity for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture, and other serious violations of international humanitarian law. Speakers presented universal jurisdiction as an important tool to investigate and prosecute the gravest crimes when other avenues fail."}]}}