{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/fr/ga/c6/81/31?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/81/31.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k14/k14s9lih0a","kaltura_id":"1_4s9lih0a","title":"Sixième Commission, 31e séance plénière - Assemblée générale, 81e session","clean_title":"Sixième Commission, 31e séance plénière - Assemblée générale, 81e session","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k14/k14s9lih0a","date":"2026-10-28T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-10-28T19:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"01:24:50","category":"Assemblée générale","body":"Sixth Committee","event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":"31st plenary meeting","pv_symbol":"A/C.6/81/SR.31","pv_part":1,"slug":"ga/c6/81/31"},"metadata":{"summary":null,"description":null,"categories":[],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":[],"corporate_name":[],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"azure-llm-speech-79f83095-c419-41d5-8603-89d09b4cd121","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":1.07,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/81/31?lang=en&t=0:02","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Good afternoon, colleagues.","start":1.07,"end":2.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":1.07,"end":1.27},{"text":"afternoon,","start":1.27,"end":1.71},{"text":"colleagues.","start":1.71,"end":2.19}]},{"text":"I call to order the 31st meeting of the Sixth Committee for the 81st session of the General Assembly.","start":3.55,"end":9.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3.55,"end":3.63},{"text":"call","start":3.63,"end":3.95},{"text":"to","start":3.95,"end":4.03},{"text":"order","start":4.03,"end":4.51},{"text":"the","start":4.83,"end":4.95},{"text":"31st","start":4.95,"end":5.47},{"text":"meeting","start":5.47,"end":5.83},{"text":"of","start":5.83,"end":5.95},{"text":"the","start":5.95,"end":6.03},{"text":"Sixth","start":6.03,"end":6.31},{"text":"Committee","start":6.31,"end":6.83},{"text":"for","start":6.83,"end":6.99},{"text":"the","start":6.99,"end":7.07},{"text":"81st","start":7.07,"end":7.59},{"text":"session","start":7.59,"end":7.95},{"text":"of","start":7.95,"end":8.11},{"text":"the","start":8.11,"end":8.19},{"text":"General","start":8.19,"end":8.59},{"text":"Assembly.","start":8.59,"end":9.23}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegates, let us now continue with the debate on the first cluster of topics concerning agenda item 78, report of the International Law Commission on the work of its 76th and 77th sessions, after which we will turn to the second cluster of topics.","start":10.23,"end":28.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":10.23,"end":10.71},{"text":"delegates,","start":10.71,"end":11.47},{"text":"let","start":11.63,"end":11.79},{"text":"us","start":11.79,"end":11.95},{"text":"now","start":11.95,"end":12.19},{"text":"continue","start":12.19,"end":12.75},{"text":"with","start":12.75,"end":12.87},{"text":"the","start":12.87,"end":12.95},{"text":"debate","start":12.95,"end":13.51},{"text":"on","start":13.51,"end":13.63},{"text":"the","start":13.63,"end":13.71},{"text":"first","start":13.71,"end":14.03},{"text":"cluster","start":14.03,"end":14.47},{"text":"of","start":14.47,"end":14.59},{"text":"topics","start":14.59,"end":15.07},{"text":"concerning","start":15.07,"end":15.79},{"text":"agenda","start":15.79,"end":16.23},{"text":"item","start":16.23,"end":16.75},{"text":"78,","start":16.75,"end":17.79},{"text":"report","start":18.27,"end":18.63},{"text":"of","start":18.63,"end":18.75},{"text":"the","start":18.75,"end":18.83},{"text":"International","start":18.83,"end":19.59},{"text":"Law","start":19.59,"end":19.71},{"text":"Commission","start":19.71,"end":20.35},{"text":"on","start":20.83,"end":20.95},{"text":"the","start":20.95,"end":21.07},{"text":"work","start":21.07,"end":21.31},{"text":"of","start":21.31,"end":21.47},{"text":"its","start":21.47,"end":21.75},{"text":"76th","start":21.75,"end":22.71},{"text":"and","start":22.99,"end":23.23},{"text":"77th","start":23.23,"end":24.19},{"text":"sessions,","start":24.35,"end":25.15},{"text":"after","start":25.55,"end":25.83},{"text":"which","start":25.83,"end":26.11},{"text":"we","start":26.11,"end":26.23},{"text":"will","start":26.23,"end":26.43},{"text":"turn","start":26.43,"end":26.67},{"text":"to","start":26.67,"end":26.75},{"text":"the","start":26.75,"end":26.91},{"text":"second","start":26.91,"end":27.47},{"text":"cluster","start":27.47,"end":27.95},{"text":"of","start":27.95,"end":28.11},{"text":"topics.","start":28.11,"end":28.83}]},{"text":"The report of the Commission on the work of its 77th session is contained in document A/81/10, which is available 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resolution 80/164, the Sixth Committee will also continue its consideration of chapter IV of the Commission's 2025 report on the topic of sea-level rise in relation to international law, as contained in document A/80/10, which is also available online.","start":43.59,"end":68.95,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. 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wish to recall that this meeting will end at approximately 4:30 PM this afternoon and will be followed by the annual interactive dialogue.","start":70.39,"end":79.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":70.39,"end":70.47},{"text":"wish","start":70.47,"end":70.63},{"text":"to","start":70.63,"end":70.75},{"text":"recall","start":70.75,"end":71.11},{"text":"that","start":71.11,"end":71.27},{"text":"this","start":71.27,"end":71.51},{"text":"meeting","start":71.51,"end":71.83},{"text":"will","start":71.83,"end":72.07},{"text":"end","start":72.07,"end":72.31},{"text":"at","start":72.31,"end":72.43},{"text":"approximately","start":72.43,"end":74.07},{"text":"4:30","start":74.07,"end":74.11},{"text":"PM","start":74.15,"end":74.71},{"text":"this","start":74.87,"end":75.19},{"text":"afternoon","start":75.19,"end":75.83},{"text":"and","start":76.23,"end":76.47},{"text":"will","start":76.47,"end":76.59},{"text":"be","start":76.59,"end":76.71},{"text":"followed","start":76.71,"end":77.19},{"text":"by","start":77.19,"end":77.43},{"text":"the","start":77.43,"end":77.55},{"text":"annual","start":77.55,"end":78.15},{"text":"interactive","start":78.23,"end":79.03},{"text":"dialogue.","start":79.03,"end":79.39}]},{"text":"Before proceeding, I wish to recall the Bureau’s recommendation that national statements should be limited to seven minutes and group statements to 12 minutes.","start":80.07,"end":90.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Before","start":80.07,"end":80.35},{"text":"proceeding,","start":80.35,"end":81.11},{"text":"I","start":81.51,"end":81.59},{"text":"wish","start":81.59,"end":81.83},{"text":"to","start":81.83,"end":81.95},{"text":"recall","start":81.95,"end":82.39},{"text":"the","start":82.39,"end":82.51},{"text":"Bureau’s","start":82.51,"end":82.95},{"text":"recommendation","start":82.95,"end":83.79},{"text":"that","start":83.79,"end":83.99},{"text":"national","start":83.99,"end":84.39},{"text":"statements","start":84.39,"end":85.27},{"text":"should","start":85.67,"end":85.91},{"text":"be","start":85.91,"end":86.07},{"text":"limited","start":86.07,"end":86.55},{"text":"to","start":86.55,"end":86.83},{"text":"seven","start":86.83,"end":87.27},{"text":"minutes","start":87.27,"end":87.91},{"text":"and","start":88.23,"end":88.43},{"text":"group","start":88.43,"end":88.71},{"text":"statements","start":88.71,"end":89.59},{"text":"to","start":89.59,"end":89.87},{"text":"12","start":89.87,"end":90.15},{"text":"minutes.","start":90.15,"end":90.63}]},{"text":"Delegations are strongly encouraged to keep their statements within these time limits, and where possible, deliver abridged versions of their statements while providing the full statements for posting on e-statements and on the website of the Sixth Committee.","start":90.95,"end":107.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Delegations","start":90.95,"end":91.59},{"text":"are","start":91.59,"end":91.67},{"text":"strongly","start":91.67,"end":92.15},{"text":"encouraged","start":92.15,"end":92.95},{"text":"to","start":93.43,"end":93.55},{"text":"keep","start":93.59,"end":93.79},{"text":"their","start":93.79,"end":93.95},{"text":"statements","start":93.95,"end":94.55},{"text":"within","start":94.55,"end":94.87},{"text":"these","start":94.87,"end":95.11},{"text":"time","start":95.11,"end":95.43},{"text":"limits,","start":95.43,"end":95.99},{"text":"and","start":96.39,"end":96.63},{"text":"where","start":96.63,"end":96.83},{"text":"possible,","start":96.83,"end":97.51},{"text":"deliver","start":97.83,"end":98.39},{"text":"abridged","start":98.39,"end":98.95},{"text":"versions","start":98.95,"end":99.59},{"text":"of","start":99.91,"end":100.07},{"text":"their","start":100.07,"end":100.23},{"text":"statements","start":100.23,"end":101.03},{"text":"while","start":101.15,"end":101.43},{"text":"providing","start":101.43,"end":102.03},{"text":"the","start":102.03,"end":102.15},{"text":"full","start":102.15,"end":102.39},{"text":"statements","start":102.39,"end":103.03},{"text":"for","start":103.03,"end":103.19},{"text":"posting","start":103.19,"end":103.83},{"text":"on","start":104.23,"end":104.39},{"text":"e-statements","start":104.39,"end":105.35},{"text":"and","start":105.67,"end":105.91},{"text":"on","start":105.91,"end":105.99},{"text":"the","start":105.99,"end":106.15},{"text":"website","start":106.15,"end":106.79},{"text":"of","start":106.79,"end":106.95},{"text":"the","start":106.95,"end":107.07},{"text":"Sixth","start":107.07,"end":107.43},{"text":"Committee.","start":107.43,"end":107.99}]},{"text":"This will enable all delegations to deliver their statements within the schedule.","start":109.19,"end":113.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":109.19,"end":109.43},{"text":"will","start":109.43,"end":109.59},{"text":"enable","start":109.59,"end":109.99},{"text":"all","start":109.99,"end":110.23},{"text":"delegations","start":110.23,"end":110.87},{"text":"to","start":110.87,"end":110.99},{"text":"deliver","start":110.99,"end":111.35},{"text":"their","start":111.35,"end":111.55},{"text":"statements","start":111.55,"end":112.31},{"text":"within","start":112.31,"end":112.95},{"text":"the","start":113.11,"end":113.23},{"text":"schedule.","start":113.23,"end":113.75}]},{"text":"The first speaker on my list for this afternoon is a distinguished representative of Singapore.","start":114.67,"end":120.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":114.67,"end":114.79},{"text":"first","start":114.79,"end":114.99},{"text":"speaker","start":114.99,"end":115.63},{"text":"on","start":116.11,"end":116.23},{"text":"my","start":116.23,"end":116.43},{"text":"list","start":116.43,"end":116.75},{"text":"for","start":116.75,"end":116.91},{"text":"this","start":116.91,"end":117.15},{"text":"afternoon","start":117.15,"end":117.71},{"text":"is","start":117.71,"end":117.95},{"text":"a","start":118.03,"end":118.07},{"text":"distinguished","start":118.07,"end":118.67},{"text":"representative","start":118.67,"end":119.47},{"text":"of","start":119.47,"end":119.59},{"text":"Singapore.","start":119.59,"end":120.43}]},{"text":"You have the floor, sir.","start":121.31,"end":122.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":121.31,"end":121.47},{"text":"have","start":121.47,"end":121.63},{"text":"the","start":121.63,"end":121.75},{"text":"floor,","start":121.79,"end":122.03},{"text":"sir.","start":122.03,"end":122.27}]},{"text":"Ma'am, sorry.","start":123.55,"end":124.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ma'am,","start":123.55,"end":123.79},{"text":"sorry.","start":123.95,"end":124.23}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":2,"start":125.63,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/81/31?lang=en&t=2:06","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Madam Chair, thank you for giving me the floor.","start":125.63,"end":128.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":125.63,"end":125.95},{"text":"Chair,","start":125.95,"end":126.35},{"text":"thank","start":126.87,"end":127.11},{"text":"you","start":127.11,"end":127.23},{"text":"for","start":127.23,"end":127.39},{"text":"giving","start":127.39,"end":127.79},{"text":"me","start":127.79,"end":127.95},{"text":"the","start":127.95,"end":128.11},{"text":"floor.","start":128.11,"end":128.43}]},{"text":"I'm pleased to address the chapters in Cluster 1.","start":129.03,"end":131.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'm","start":129.03,"end":129.23},{"text":"pleased","start":129.23,"end":129.55},{"text":"to","start":129.55,"end":129.67},{"text":"address","start":129.67,"end":130.03},{"text":"the","start":130.03,"end":130.11},{"text":"chapters","start":130.11,"end":130.67},{"text":"in","start":130.67,"end":130.91},{"text":"Cluster","start":130.91,"end":131.31},{"text":"1.","start":131.31,"end":131.63}]},{"text":"In the interest of time, I will focus on a few key points.","start":132.11,"end":135.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":132.11,"end":132.23},{"text":"the","start":132.23,"end":132.31},{"text":"interest","start":132.31,"end":132.71},{"text":"of","start":132.71,"end":132.83},{"text":"time,","start":132.83,"end":133.23},{"text":"I","start":133.63,"end":133.71},{"text":"will","start":133.75,"end":133.95},{"text":"focus","start":133.95,"end":134.51},{"text":"on","start":134.51,"end":134.67},{"text":"a","start":134.67,"end":134.75},{"text":"few","start":134.75,"end":135.07},{"text":"key","start":135.07,"end":135.31},{"text":"points.","start":135.31,"end":135.87}]},{"text":"My full statement will be made available online.","start":136.35,"end":139.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":136.35,"end":136.43},{"text":"full","start":136.43,"end":136.75},{"text":"statement","start":136.75,"end":137.39},{"text":"will","start":137.39,"end":137.55},{"text":"be","start":137.55,"end":137.67},{"text":"made","start":137.71,"end":138.03},{"text":"available","start":138.03,"end":138.75},{"text":"online.","start":138.75,"end":139.23}]},{"text":"I begin with sea level rise in relation to international law.","start":139.79,"end":143.51,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":139.79,"end":139.95},{"text":"begin","start":139.95,"end":140.35},{"text":"with","start":140.35,"end":140.51},{"text":"sea","start":140.51,"end":140.83},{"text":"level","start":140.83,"end":141.11},{"text":"rise","start":141.11,"end":141.55},{"text":"in","start":141.55,"end":141.71},{"text":"relation","start":141.71,"end":142.27},{"text":"to","start":142.27,"end":142.43},{"text":"international","start":142.43,"end":143.43},{"text":"law.","start":143.43,"end":143.51}]},{"text":"Allow me to express Singapore’s further views on the subtopic of the protection of persons affected by sea level rise.","start":144.07,"end":151.99,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"Allow","start":144.07,"end":144.35},{"text":"me","start":144.35,"end":144.63},{"text":"to","start":144.63,"end":144.75},{"text":"express","start":144.75,"end":145.39},{"text":"Singapore’s","start":145.39,"end":146.07},{"text":"further","start":146.07,"end":146.47},{"text":"views","start":146.47,"end":146.95},{"text":"on","start":147.11,"end":147.27},{"text":"the","start":147.27,"end":147.35},{"text":"subtopic","start":147.35,"end":148.07},{"text":"of","start":148.55,"end":148.71},{"text":"the","start":148.71,"end":148.83},{"text":"protection","start":148.83,"end":149.39},{"text":"of","start":149.39,"end":149.51},{"text":"persons","start":149.51,"end":150.15},{"text":"affected","start":150.15,"end":150.75},{"text":"by","start":150.91,"end":151.03},{"text":"sea","start":151.03,"end":151.27},{"text":"level","start":151.27,"end":151.59},{"text":"rise.","start":151.59,"end":151.99}]},{"text":"Singapore joins other small island states in emphasising the severity of the dangers posed to our populations by sea level rise.","start":152.79,"end":161.51,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"Singapore","start":152.79,"end":153.35},{"text":"joins","start":153.35,"end":153.91},{"text":"other","start":153.91,"end":154.15},{"text":"small","start":154.15,"end":154.47},{"text":"island","start":154.47,"end":154.79},{"text":"states","start":154.79,"end":155.35},{"text":"in","start":155.75,"end":155.91},{"text":"emphasising","start":155.91,"end":156.79},{"text":"the","start":156.79,"end":156.95},{"text":"severity","start":156.95,"end":157.83},{"text":"of","start":158.15,"end":158.31},{"text":"the","start":158.31,"end":158.47},{"text":"dangers","start":158.47,"end":158.95},{"text":"posed","start":159.03,"end":159.39},{"text":"to","start":159.39,"end":159.47},{"text":"our","start":159.47,"end":159.55},{"text":"populations","start":159.55,"end":160.47},{"text":"by","start":160.47,"end":160.59},{"text":"sea","start":160.59,"end":160.79},{"text":"level","start":160.79,"end":161.11},{"text":"rise.","start":161.11,"end":161.51}]},{"text":"We note the ILC Study Group’s conclusion that there is currently no dedicated framework applicable to the protection of persons affected by sea level rise.","start":162.31,"end":173.35,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":162.31,"end":162.47},{"text":"note","start":162.47,"end":162.95},{"text":"the","start":162.99,"end":163.07},{"text":"ILC","start":163.11,"end":163.91},{"text":"Study","start":163.91,"end":164.39},{"text":"Group’s","start":164.39,"end":164.71},{"text":"conclusion","start":164.71,"end":165.51},{"text":"that","start":165.99,"end":166.27},{"text":"there","start":166.27,"end":166.47},{"text":"is","start":166.47,"end":166.63},{"text":"currently","start":166.63,"end":167.27},{"text":"no","start":167.27,"end":167.59},{"text":"dedicated","start":167.59,"end":168.31},{"text":"framework","start":168.31,"end":168.83},{"text":"applicable","start":169.23,"end":169.91},{"text":"to","start":169.91,"end":170.03},{"text":"the","start":170.03,"end":170.15},{"text":"protection","start":170.55,"end":171.07},{"text":"of","start":171.07,"end":171.19},{"text":"persons","start":171.19,"end":171.75},{"text":"affected","start":171.75,"end":172.31},{"text":"by","start":172.31,"end":172.43},{"text":"sea","start":172.43,"end":172.63},{"text":"level","start":172.63,"end":172.95},{"text":"rise.","start":172.95,"end":173.35}]},{"text":"The effective protection of such persons will require solutions that are specific to each unique context.","start":174.31,"end":181.51,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":174.31,"end":174.43},{"text":"effective","start":174.43,"end":174.95},{"text":"protection","start":174.95,"end":175.51},{"text":"of","start":175.51,"end":175.59},{"text":"such","start":175.59,"end":175.99},{"text":"persons","start":176.07,"end":176.79},{"text":"will","start":177.11,"end":177.27},{"text":"require","start":177.27,"end":177.91},{"text":"solutions","start":177.91,"end":178.63},{"text":"that","start":178.63,"end":178.79},{"text":"are","start":178.79,"end":178.87},{"text":"specific","start":178.87,"end":179.47},{"text":"to","start":179.47,"end":179.67},{"text":"each","start":179.75,"end":180.07},{"text":"unique","start":180.15,"end":180.67},{"text":"context.","start":180.79,"end":181.51}]},{"text":"We look forward to considering with other delegations the possible ways forward presented by the ILC study group, such as developing international instruments and mechanisms specific to climate change-related sea level rise.","start":182.79,"end":199.27,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":182.79,"end":182.95},{"text":"look","start":182.95,"end":183.15},{"text":"forward","start":183.15,"end":183.51},{"text":"to","start":183.51,"end":183.67},{"text":"considering","start":183.67,"end":184.31},{"text":"with","start":184.31,"end":184.47},{"text":"other","start":184.55,"end":184.87},{"text":"delegations","start":184.87,"end":185.75},{"text":"the","start":186.07,"end":186.23},{"text":"possible","start":186.23,"end":186.79},{"text":"ways","start":186.79,"end":187.19},{"text":"forward","start":187.19,"end":187.75},{"text":"presented","start":187.99,"end":188.63},{"text":"by","start":188.63,"end":188.79},{"text":"the","start":188.79,"end":188.91},{"text":"ILC","start":189.27,"end":189.83},{"text":"study","start":189.83,"end":190.23},{"text":"group,","start":190.23,"end":190.51},{"text":"such","start":190.95,"end":191.35},{"text":"as","start":191.35,"end":191.67},{"text":"developing","start":191.67,"end":192.47},{"text":"international","start":192.55,"end":193.19},{"text":"instruments","start":193.19,"end":193.99},{"text":"and","start":194.39,"end":194.55},{"text":"mechanisms","start":194.55,"end":195.35},{"text":"specific","start":195.43,"end":196.03},{"text":"to","start":196.03,"end":196.23},{"text":"climate","start":196.23,"end":197.11},{"text":"change-related","start":197.43,"end":198.19},{"text":"sea","start":198.19,"end":198.55},{"text":"level","start":198.55,"end":198.79},{"text":"rise.","start":198.79,"end":199.27}]},{"text":"At the same time, such discussions should not delay practical action and must proceed in parallel with concrete efforts to protect persons affected by sea level rise.","start":199.79,"end":211.07,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":199.79,"end":199.91},{"text":"the","start":199.91,"end":199.99},{"text":"same","start":199.99,"end":200.19},{"text":"time,","start":200.19,"end":200.67},{"text":"such","start":201.07,"end":201.47},{"text":"discussions","start":201.47,"end":202.19},{"text":"should","start":202.19,"end":202.43},{"text":"not","start":202.43,"end":202.95},{"text":"delay","start":202.95,"end":203.31},{"text":"practical","start":203.31,"end":203.95},{"text":"action","start":203.95,"end":204.51},{"text":"and","start":204.87,"end":204.99},{"text":"must","start":204.99,"end":205.43},{"text":"proceed","start":205.43,"end":205.95},{"text":"in","start":205.95,"end":206.11},{"text":"parallel","start":206.11,"end":206.75},{"text":"with","start":206.99,"end":207.11},{"text":"concrete","start":207.15,"end":207.79},{"text":"efforts","start":207.79,"end":208.27},{"text":"to","start":208.27,"end":208.43},{"text":"protect","start":208.43,"end":208.91},{"text":"persons","start":208.91,"end":209.47},{"text":"affected","start":209.55,"end":210.03},{"text":"by","start":210.03,"end":210.15},{"text":"sea","start":210.15,"end":210.35},{"text":"level","start":210.35,"end":210.67},{"text":"rise.","start":210.67,"end":211.07}]},{"text":"Two principles must guide international action to protect persons affected by sea level rise.","start":211.95,"end":217.71,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"Two","start":211.95,"end":212.19},{"text":"principles","start":212.19,"end":212.83},{"text":"must","start":212.83,"end":213.11},{"text":"guide","start":213.11,"end":213.47},{"text":"international","start":213.55,"end":214.19},{"text":"action","start":214.19,"end":214.75},{"text":"to","start":215.07,"end":215.23},{"text":"protect","start":215.23,"end":215.63},{"text":"persons","start":215.63,"end":216.19},{"text":"affected","start":216.19,"end":216.71},{"text":"by","start":216.71,"end":216.79},{"text":"sea","start":216.79,"end":216.99},{"text":"level","start":216.99,"end":217.31},{"text":"rise.","start":217.31,"end":217.71}]},{"text":"First, the duty to cooperate.","start":218.35,"end":220.59,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":218.35,"end":218.91},{"text":"the","start":219.07,"end":219.19},{"text":"duty","start":219.19,"end":219.63},{"text":"to","start":219.63,"end":219.87},{"text":"cooperate.","start":219.87,"end":220.59}]},{"text":"As the ICJ noted in its advisory opinion, Cooperation in addressing sea level rise is not a matter of choice for states, but a legal obligation.","start":221.23,"end":232.35,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":221.23,"end":221.47},{"text":"the","start":221.47,"end":221.63},{"text":"ICJ","start":221.79,"end":222.35},{"text":"noted","start":222.35,"end":222.99},{"text":"in","start":222.99,"end":223.15},{"text":"its","start":223.15,"end":223.47},{"text":"advisory","start":223.47,"end":224.11},{"text":"opinion,","start":224.11,"end":224.75},{"text":"Cooperation","start":225.31,"end":226.03},{"text":"in","start":226.03,"end":226.23},{"text":"addressing","start":226.23,"end":226.75},{"text":"sea","start":226.75,"end":226.99},{"text":"level","start":226.99,"end":227.27},{"text":"rise","start":227.27,"end":227.71},{"text":"is","start":227.71,"end":227.95},{"text":"not","start":227.95,"end":228.35},{"text":"a","start":228.43,"end":228.51},{"text":"matter","start":228.51,"end":228.83},{"text":"of","start":228.83,"end":228.91},{"text":"choice","start":228.91,"end":229.39},{"text":"for","start":229.39,"end":229.55},{"text":"states,","start":229.55,"end":230.11},{"text":"but","start":230.51,"end":230.83},{"text":"a","start":230.83,"end":230.91},{"text":"legal","start":230.91,"end":231.47},{"text":"obligation.","start":231.55,"end":232.35}]},{"text":"This requires states, in the context of sea level rise, to work together with a view to achieving equitable solutions.","start":232.99,"end":240.83,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":232.99,"end":233.31},{"text":"requires","start":233.31,"end":233.87},{"text":"states,","start":233.87,"end":234.43},{"text":"in","start":234.67,"end":234.83},{"text":"the","start":234.83,"end":234.91},{"text":"context","start":234.91,"end":235.47},{"text":"of","start":235.47,"end":235.55},{"text":"sea","start":235.55,"end":235.79},{"text":"level","start":235.79,"end":236.03},{"text":"rise,","start":236.03,"end":236.51},{"text":"to","start":236.83,"end":236.99},{"text":"work","start":236.99,"end":237.23},{"text":"together","start":237.23,"end":237.79},{"text":"with","start":237.79,"end":237.91},{"text":"a","start":237.95,"end":237.99},{"text":"view","start":237.99,"end":238.35},{"text":"to","start":238.35,"end":238.51},{"text":"achieving","start":238.51,"end":239.07},{"text":"equitable","start":239.39,"end":240.03},{"text":"solutions.","start":240.03,"end":240.83}]},{"text":"Second, the duty to cooperate is subject to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances.","start":241.79,"end":254.27,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":241.79,"end":242.23},{"text":"the","start":242.75,"end":242.91},{"text":"duty","start":242.91,"end":243.31},{"text":"to","start":243.31,"end":243.43},{"text":"cooperate","start":243.43,"end":243.95},{"text":"is","start":243.95,"end":244.11},{"text":"subject","start":244.11,"end":244.63},{"text":"to","start":244.63,"end":244.71},{"text":"the","start":244.71,"end":244.83},{"text":"principle","start":244.83,"end":245.47},{"text":"of","start":245.47,"end":245.63},{"text":"common","start":245.71,"end":246.19},{"text":"but","start":246.43,"end":246.63},{"text":"differentiated","start":246.63,"end":247.43},{"text":"responsibilities","start":247.43,"end":248.51},{"text":"and","start":248.91,"end":249.03},{"text":"respective","start":249.03,"end":249.79},{"text":"capabilities,","start":249.95,"end":250.91},{"text":"in","start":251.31,"end":251.43},{"text":"the","start":251.43,"end":251.51},{"text":"light","start":251.51,"end":251.95},{"text":"of","start":251.95,"end":252.11},{"text":"different","start":252.11,"end":252.71},{"text":"national","start":252.71,"end":253.27},{"text":"circumstances.","start":253.31,"end":254.27}]},{"text":"States disproportionately affected by sea level rise should not be left to shoulder the burden of protecting their populations from its adverse effects without international assistance.","start":254.95,"end":266.95,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"States","start":254.95,"end":255.51},{"text":"disproportionately","start":255.51,"end":256.71},{"text":"affected","start":256.71,"end":257.27},{"text":"by","start":257.27,"end":257.39},{"text":"sea","start":257.39,"end":257.67},{"text":"level","start":257.67,"end":257.91},{"text":"rise","start":257.91,"end":258.39},{"text":"should","start":258.55,"end":258.83},{"text":"not","start":258.87,"end":259.43},{"text":"be","start":259.43,"end":259.51},{"text":"left","start":259.51,"end":259.87},{"text":"to","start":259.87,"end":259.95},{"text":"shoulder","start":259.95,"end":260.39},{"text":"the","start":260.39,"end":260.47},{"text":"burden","start":260.47,"end":260.87},{"text":"of","start":260.87,"end":261.07},{"text":"protecting","start":261.07,"end":261.59},{"text":"their","start":261.59,"end":261.75},{"text":"populations","start":261.75,"end":262.63},{"text":"from","start":263.11,"end":263.43},{"text":"its","start":263.43,"end":263.75},{"text":"adverse","start":263.75,"end":264.31},{"text":"effects","start":264.39,"end":264.95},{"text":"without","start":264.95,"end":265.43},{"text":"international","start":265.43,"end":266.19},{"text":"assistance.","start":266.19,"end":266.95}]},{"text":"I now turn to immunity of state officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction.","start":267.75,"end":272.79,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":267.75,"end":267.83},{"text":"now","start":267.83,"end":268.07},{"text":"turn","start":268.07,"end":268.39},{"text":"to","start":268.39,"end":268.59},{"text":"immunity","start":268.59,"end":269.11},{"text":"of","start":269.11,"end":269.27},{"text":"state","start":269.27,"end":269.67},{"text":"officials","start":269.67,"end":270.31},{"text":"from","start":270.55,"end":270.83},{"text":"foreign","start":270.83,"end":271.43},{"text":"criminal","start":271.51,"end":271.99},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":271.99,"end":272.79}]},{"text":"Singapore expresses its appreciation to the Commission for completing its work on the topic.","start":273.51,"end":279.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Singapore","start":273.51,"end":274.11},{"text":"expresses","start":274.11,"end":274.87},{"text":"its","start":274.87,"end":275.11},{"text":"appreciation","start":275.19,"end":275.99},{"text":"to","start":275.99,"end":276.15},{"text":"the","start":276.15,"end":276.23},{"text":"Commission","start":276.23,"end":276.87},{"text":"for","start":277.11,"end":277.31},{"text":"completing","start":277.31,"end":277.91},{"text":"its","start":277.91,"end":278.15},{"text":"work","start":278.15,"end":278.47},{"text":"on","start":278.47,"end":278.63},{"text":"the","start":278.63,"end":278.75},{"text":"topic.","start":278.75,"end":279.19}]},{"text":"The draft articles continue to raise concerns for us.","start":279.91,"end":283.83,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":279.91,"end":280.03},{"text":"draft","start":280.03,"end":280.43},{"text":"articles","start":280.43,"end":281.03},{"text":"continue","start":281.03,"end":281.67},{"text":"to","start":281.67,"end":282.11},{"text":"raise","start":282.11,"end":282.47},{"text":"concerns","start":282.47,"end":283.27},{"text":"for","start":283.27,"end":283.55},{"text":"us.","start":283.55,"end":283.83}]},{"text":"We previously emphasised that the implementation of these draft articles will need to take into consideration practical realities and challenges faced by competent authorities in the exercise of their criminal jurisdiction.","start":284.59,"end":302.11,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":284.59,"end":284.75},{"text":"previously","start":284.75,"end":285.47},{"text":"emphasised","start":285.47,"end":286.31},{"text":"that","start":286.31,"end":286.99},{"text":"the","start":289.23,"end":289.35},{"text":"implementation","start":289.39,"end":290.35},{"text":"of","start":290.35,"end":290.51},{"text":"these","start":290.51,"end":290.91},{"text":"draft","start":290.91,"end":291.27},{"text":"articles","start":291.27,"end":291.87},{"text":"will","start":292.19,"end":292.35},{"text":"need","start":292.35,"end":292.63},{"text":"to","start":292.63,"end":292.75},{"text":"take","start":292.79,"end":292.99},{"text":"into","start":292.99,"end":293.23},{"text":"consideration","start":293.23,"end":294.11},{"text":"practical","start":294.43,"end":295.07},{"text":"realities","start":295.07,"end":295.91},{"text":"and","start":295.91,"end":296.11},{"text":"challenges","start":296.11,"end":296.83},{"text":"faced","start":297.23,"end":297.63},{"text":"by","start":297.63,"end":297.71},{"text":"competent","start":297.71,"end":298.39},{"text":"authorities","start":298.39,"end":299.15},{"text":"in","start":299.47,"end":299.63},{"text":"the","start":299.63,"end":299.71},{"text":"exercise","start":299.71,"end":300.43},{"text":"of","start":300.43,"end":300.55},{"text":"their","start":300.55,"end":300.67},{"text":"criminal","start":300.67,"end":301.23},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":301.31,"end":302.11}]},{"text":"This concern runs through a few of the draft articles.","start":303.47,"end":306.99,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":303.47,"end":303.71},{"text":"concern","start":303.71,"end":304.35},{"text":"runs","start":304.35,"end":304.75},{"text":"through","start":304.79,"end":305.15},{"text":"a","start":305.15,"end":305.23},{"text":"few","start":305.23,"end":305.63},{"text":"of","start":305.63,"end":305.79},{"text":"the","start":305.79,"end":305.87},{"text":"draft","start":305.87,"end":306.31},{"text":"articles.","start":306.31,"end":306.99}]},{"text":"For instance, in draft Article 9, the Commission identified only two scenarios in which a foreign state need not notify the state of the official before initiating criminal proceedings or taking coercive measures, i.e., when doing so would jeopardize the confidentiality of an ongoing investigation or the proper conduct of criminal proceedings.","start":307.63,"end":332.91,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":307.63,"end":307.79},{"text":"instance,","start":307.79,"end":308.43},{"text":"in","start":308.75,"end":308.91},{"text":"draft","start":308.91,"end":309.27},{"text":"Article","start":309.27,"end":309.63},{"text":"9,","start":309.63,"end":310.03},{"text":"the","start":310.43,"end":310.51},{"text":"Commission","start":310.51,"end":311.07},{"text":"identified","start":311.15,"end":311.87},{"text":"only","start":311.87,"end":312.11},{"text":"two","start":312.11,"end":312.43},{"text":"scenarios","start":312.43,"end":313.07},{"text":"in","start":313.39,"end":313.55},{"text":"which","start":313.55,"end":313.79},{"text":"a","start":313.87,"end":313.91},{"text":"foreign","start":313.91,"end":314.35},{"text":"state","start":314.67,"end":315.15},{"text":"need","start":315.15,"end":315.35},{"text":"not","start":315.35,"end":315.63},{"text":"notify","start":315.71,"end":316.27},{"text":"the","start":316.27,"end":316.39},{"text":"state","start":316.39,"end":316.83},{"text":"of","start":316.83,"end":316.95},{"text":"the","start":316.95,"end":317.03},{"text":"official","start":317.03,"end":317.63},{"text":"before","start":318.03,"end":318.51},{"text":"initiating","start":318.51,"end":319.39},{"text":"criminal","start":319.39,"end":319.87},{"text":"proceedings","start":319.87,"end":320.67},{"text":"or","start":320.99,"end":321.15},{"text":"taking","start":321.15,"end":321.55},{"text":"coercive","start":321.55,"end":322.19},{"text":"measures,","start":322.19,"end":322.83},{"text":"i.e.,","start":324.19,"end":324.67},{"text":"when","start":324.91,"end":325.15},{"text":"doing","start":325.15,"end":325.39},{"text":"so","start":325.39,"end":325.63},{"text":"would","start":325.63,"end":325.95},{"text":"jeopardize","start":326.11,"end":326.75},{"text":"the","start":326.75,"end":326.83},{"text":"confidentiality","start":326.83,"end":327.83},{"text":"of","start":327.83,"end":328.03},{"text":"an","start":328.11,"end":328.27},{"text":"ongoing","start":328.27,"end":328.99},{"text":"investigation","start":329.15,"end":330.19},{"text":"or","start":330.51,"end":330.67},{"text":"the","start":330.67,"end":330.79},{"text":"proper","start":330.79,"end":331.15},{"text":"conduct","start":331.15,"end":331.63},{"text":"of","start":331.63,"end":331.79},{"text":"criminal","start":331.79,"end":332.23},{"text":"proceedings.","start":332.23,"end":332.91}]},{"text":"We further note with some concern that divergences on draft Article 6, previously draft Article 7, remain within the Commission.","start":333.63,"end":343.31,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":333.63,"end":333.79},{"text":"further","start":333.79,"end":334.11},{"text":"note","start":334.11,"end":334.51},{"text":"with","start":334.51,"end":334.63},{"text":"some","start":334.63,"end":334.91},{"text":"concern","start":334.91,"end":335.55},{"text":"that","start":335.95,"end":336.39},{"text":"divergences","start":336.39,"end":337.31},{"text":"on","start":337.31,"end":337.55},{"text":"draft","start":337.55,"end":337.95},{"text":"Article","start":337.95,"end":338.35},{"text":"6,","start":338.35,"end":338.91},{"text":"previously","start":339.31,"end":339.95},{"text":"draft","start":339.95,"end":340.27},{"text":"Article","start":340.27,"end":340.67},{"text":"7,","start":340.67,"end":341.23},{"text":"remain","start":341.55,"end":342.11},{"text":"within","start":342.11,"end":342.55},{"text":"the","start":342.55,"end":342.67},{"text":"Commission.","start":342.67,"end":343.31}]},{"text":"In particular, the provisional adoption of draft Article 6 was put to a vote, and members of the drafting committee in delivering their explanations of vote, had expressed strong reservations on this draft article in plenary, both in terms of its customary status and to its inclusion.","start":343.87,"end":365.31,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. 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Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Against","start":365.87,"end":366.39},{"text":"this","start":366.39,"end":366.59},{"text":"backdrop,","start":366.59,"end":367.07},{"text":"draft","start":367.47,"end":367.91},{"text":"Article","start":367.91,"end":368.35},{"text":"6","start":368.35,"end":368.83},{"text":"should","start":368.91,"end":369.23},{"text":"not","start":369.23,"end":369.79},{"text":"be","start":369.79,"end":369.91},{"text":"included.","start":369.91,"end":370.43}]},{"text":"I now turn to general principles of law.","start":371.23,"end":374.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":371.23,"end":371.31},{"text":"now","start":371.31,"end":371.55},{"text":"turn","start":371.55,"end":371.87},{"text":"to","start":371.87,"end":372.03},{"text":"general","start":372.19,"end":372.67},{"text":"principles","start":372.99,"end":373.63},{"text":"of","start":373.63,"end":373.79},{"text":"law.","start":373.79,"end":374.03}]},{"text":"Singapore wishes to share its views on four of the draft conclusions as adopted on second reading.","start":374.75,"end":380.83,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Singapore","start":374.75,"end":375.23},{"text":"wishes","start":375.23,"end":375.71},{"text":"to","start":375.71,"end":375.79},{"text":"share","start":375.79,"end":376.03},{"text":"its","start":376.03,"end":376.27},{"text":"views","start":376.27,"end":376.67},{"text":"on","start":376.75,"end":376.91},{"text":"four","start":376.91,"end":377.15},{"text":"of","start":377.15,"end":377.27},{"text":"the","start":377.27,"end":377.35},{"text":"draft","start":377.35,"end":377.75},{"text":"conclusions","start":377.75,"end":378.51},{"text":"as","start":378.75,"end":379.07},{"text":"adopted","start":379.07,"end":379.71},{"text":"on","start":379.71,"end":379.87},{"text":"second","start":379.87,"end":380.35},{"text":"reading.","start":380.35,"end":380.83}]},{"text":"First, on draft conclusion 7, we are pleased to note that the corresponding commentary refines the methodology for identifying in general principles of law formed within the international legal system.","start":381.99,"end":397.03,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":381.99,"end":382.31},{"text":"on","start":382.63,"end":382.79},{"text":"draft","start":382.79,"end":383.35},{"text":"conclusion","start":384.19,"end":385.27},{"text":"7,","start":385.27,"end":385.75},{"text":"we","start":386.15,"end":386.27},{"text":"are","start":386.27,"end":386.35},{"text":"pleased","start":386.35,"end":386.75},{"text":"to","start":386.75,"end":386.87},{"text":"note","start":386.87,"end":387.27},{"text":"that","start":387.35,"end":387.51},{"text":"the","start":387.51,"end":387.59},{"text":"corresponding","start":387.59,"end":388.31},{"text":"commentary","start":388.31,"end":389.03},{"text":"refines","start":389.35,"end":389.91},{"text":"the","start":389.91,"end":389.99},{"text":"methodology","start":389.99,"end":390.87},{"text":"for","start":390.87,"end":391.11},{"text":"identifying","start":391.35,"end":392.15},{"text":"in","start":392.23,"end":392.47},{"text":"general","start":392.47,"end":392.87},{"text":"principles","start":392.87,"end":393.47},{"text":"of","start":393.47,"end":393.67},{"text":"law","start":393.67,"end":393.99},{"text":"formed","start":394.39,"end":394.87},{"text":"within","start":394.87,"end":395.35},{"text":"the","start":395.35,"end":395.47},{"text":"international","start":395.47,"end":396.27},{"text":"legal","start":396.27,"end":396.51},{"text":"system.","start":396.51,"end":397.03}]},{"text":"In particular, we support the clarification that recognition by the community of nations should be wide and representative, and include the different regions of the world.","start":397.59,"end":408.19,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":397.59,"end":397.75},{"text":"particular,","start":397.75,"end":398.39},{"text":"we","start":398.71,"end":398.87},{"text":"support","start":398.87,"end":399.43},{"text":"the","start":399.43,"end":399.59},{"text":"clarification","start":399.59,"end":400.55},{"text":"that","start":400.79,"end":400.95},{"text":"recognition","start":400.95,"end":401.67},{"text":"by","start":401.67,"end":401.83},{"text":"the","start":401.83,"end":401.91},{"text":"community","start":401.91,"end":402.59},{"text":"of","start":402.59,"end":402.71},{"text":"nations","start":402.71,"end":403.27},{"text":"should","start":403.43,"end":403.71},{"text":"be","start":403.71,"end":403.83},{"text":"wide","start":403.83,"end":404.39},{"text":"and","start":404.43,"end":404.55},{"text":"representative,","start":404.55,"end":405.35},{"text":"and","start":405.75,"end":405.95},{"text":"include","start":405.95,"end":406.55},{"text":"the","start":406.55,"end":406.63},{"text":"different","start":406.63,"end":407.07},{"text":"regions","start":407.07,"end":407.59},{"text":"of","start":407.63,"end":407.75},{"text":"the","start":407.75,"end":407.83},{"text":"world.","start":407.83,"end":408.19}]},{"text":"However, we reiterate that there remains some difficulty with the term “intrinsic” as defined in the commentary to draft conclusion 7.","start":408.79,"end":419.15,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":408.79,"end":409.43},{"text":"we","start":409.83,"end":409.99},{"text":"reiterate","start":409.99,"end":410.79},{"text":"that","start":411.39,"end":411.75},{"text":"there","start":411.75,"end":411.99},{"text":"remains","start":411.99,"end":412.43},{"text":"some","start":412.43,"end":412.75},{"text":"difficulty","start":412.75,"end":413.55},{"text":"with","start":413.71,"end":413.95},{"text":"the","start":413.95,"end":414.03},{"text":"term","start":414.03,"end":414.35},{"text":"“intrinsic”","start":414.43,"end":415.23},{"text":"as","start":415.87,"end":416.19},{"text":"defined","start":416.19,"end":416.67},{"text":"in","start":416.75,"end":416.87},{"text":"the","start":416.87,"end":416.95},{"text":"commentary","start":416.95,"end":417.55},{"text":"to","start":417.55,"end":417.75},{"text":"draft","start":417.75,"end":418.07},{"text":"conclusion","start":418.07,"end":418.67},{"text":"7.","start":418.67,"end":419.15}]},{"text":"It remains unclear how the examples other than sovereign equality reflect or regulate the basic features of the international legal system, even if they may enjoy a degree of recognition as a general principle of law.","start":419.71,"end":435.39,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":419.71,"end":419.83},{"text":"remains","start":419.83,"end":420.43},{"text":"unclear","start":420.43,"end":421.15},{"text":"how","start":421.55,"end":421.87},{"text":"the","start":421.87,"end":421.99},{"text":"examples","start":421.99,"end":422.83},{"text":"other","start":422.83,"end":423.11},{"text":"than","start":423.11,"end":423.39},{"text":"sovereign","start":423.39,"end":423.87},{"text":"equality","start":423.87,"end":424.67},{"text":"reflect","start":425.07,"end":425.71},{"text":"or","start":425.71,"end":425.91},{"text":"regulate","start":425.91,"end":426.51},{"text":"the","start":426.51,"end":426.63},{"text":"basic","start":426.63,"end":427.07},{"text":"features","start":427.07,"end":427.71},{"text":"of","start":427.75,"end":427.87},{"text":"the","start":427.87,"end":427.95},{"text":"international","start":427.95,"end":428.67},{"text":"legal","start":428.67,"end":428.91},{"text":"system,","start":428.91,"end":429.39},{"text":"even","start":429.95,"end":430.35},{"text":"if","start":430.35,"end":430.51},{"text":"they","start":430.51,"end":430.67},{"text":"may","start":430.67,"end":430.83},{"text":"enjoy","start":430.83,"end":431.39},{"text":"a","start":431.71,"end":431.79},{"text":"degree","start":431.79,"end":432.19},{"text":"of","start":432.19,"end":432.35},{"text":"recognition","start":432.35,"end":433.07},{"text":"as","start":433.39,"end":433.51},{"text":"a","start":433.55,"end":433.63},{"text":"general","start":433.95,"end":434.43},{"text":"principle","start":434.43,"end":435.03},{"text":"of","start":435.03,"end":435.15},{"text":"law.","start":435.15,"end":435.39}]},{"text":"We caution against conflating the recognition of a principle’s existence with recognition of it as being intrinsic to the international legal system.","start":435.95,"end":446.03,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":435.95,"end":436.11},{"text":"caution","start":436.11,"end":436.63},{"text":"against","start":436.63,"end":437.07},{"text":"conflating","start":437.07,"end":437.75},{"text":"the","start":437.75,"end":437.87},{"text":"recognition","start":437.87,"end":438.59},{"text":"of","start":438.59,"end":438.75},{"text":"a","start":438.75,"end":438.79},{"text":"principle’s","start":438.79,"end":439.47},{"text":"existence","start":439.47,"end":440.27},{"text":"with","start":440.83,"end":440.99},{"text":"recognition","start":441.07,"end":441.87},{"text":"of","start":442.11,"end":442.35},{"text":"it","start":442.43,"end":442.75},{"text":"as","start":442.75,"end":442.91},{"text":"being","start":442.91,"end":443.23},{"text":"intrinsic","start":443.31,"end":444.03},{"text":"to","start":444.27,"end":444.43},{"text":"the","start":444.43,"end":444.51},{"text":"international","start":444.51,"end":445.27},{"text":"legal","start":445.27,"end":445.55},{"text":"system.","start":445.55,"end":446.03}]},{"text":"Second, on draft conclusion 10, we support its updated commentary, which provides greater clarity on the examples cited without definitively asserting whether they are indeed general principles of law.","start":446.99,"end":460.83,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. 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They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":461.59,"end":461.95},{"text":"on","start":462.19,"end":462.35},{"text":"draft","start":462.35,"end":462.71},{"text":"conclusion","start":462.71,"end":463.23},{"text":"11,","start":463.23,"end":463.79},{"text":"we","start":464.11,"end":464.23},{"text":"appreciate","start":464.23,"end":464.87},{"text":"the","start":464.87,"end":464.99},{"text":"Committee’s","start":464.99,"end":465.63},{"text":"The","start":466.11,"end":466.19},{"text":"Commission's","start":466.19,"end":466.83},{"text":"work","start":466.83,"end":467.15},{"text":"in","start":467.23,"end":467.47},{"text":"updating","start":467.47,"end":468.07},{"text":"the","start":468.07,"end":468.19},{"text":"Commentary","start":468.19,"end":468.83},{"text":"to","start":469.31,"end":469.51},{"text":"delineate","start":469.71,"end":470.51},{"text":"the","start":470.51,"end":470.59},{"text":"distinction","start":470.59,"end":471.23},{"text":"between","start":471.23,"end":471.71},{"text":"general","start":471.71,"end":472.23},{"text":"principles","start":472.23,"end":472.79},{"text":"of","start":472.79,"end":472.91},{"text":"law","start":472.91,"end":473.31},{"text":"and","start":473.63,"end":473.79},{"text":"customary","start":473.79,"end":474.51},{"text":"international","start":474.51,"end":475.35},{"text":"law,","start":475.35,"end":475.43},{"text":"and","start":475.87,"end":476.11},{"text":"also","start":476.27,"end":476.59},{"text":"articulate","start":476.59,"end":477.31},{"text":"the","start":477.31,"end":477.39},{"text":"relationship","start":477.39,"end":478.03},{"text":"between","start":478.03,"end":478.43},{"text":"them.","start":478.43,"end":478.75}]},{"text":"Finally, on draft conclusion 12, we remain concerned.","start":479.23,"end":482.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":479.23,"end":479.87},{"text":"on","start":479.87,"end":480.03},{"text":"draft","start":480.03,"end":480.31},{"text":"conclusion","start":480.31,"end":480.91},{"text":"12,","start":480.91,"end":481.31},{"text":"we","start":481.71,"end":481.83},{"text":"remain","start":481.83,"end":482.27},{"text":"concerned.","start":482.27,"end":482.91}]},{"text":"It should be made clear that this is an area in which the law is still developing.","start":483.39,"end":488.83,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":483.39,"end":483.47},{"text":"should","start":483.47,"end":483.75},{"text":"be","start":483.79,"end":483.95},{"text":"made","start":483.95,"end":484.23},{"text":"clear","start":484.23,"end":484.67},{"text":"that","start":484.99,"end":485.19},{"text":"this","start":485.19,"end":485.39},{"text":"is","start":485.39,"end":485.51},{"text":"an","start":485.51,"end":485.71},{"text":"area","start":485.71,"end":486.07},{"text":"in","start":486.07,"end":486.27},{"text":"which","start":486.27,"end":486.59},{"text":"the","start":486.59,"end":486.67},{"text":"law","start":486.67,"end":486.99},{"text":"is","start":486.99,"end":487.11},{"text":"still","start":487.11,"end":487.63},{"text":"developing.","start":488.03,"end":488.83}]},{"text":"We reiterate that creating this new category, which would appear to contradict draft conclusion 5, requiring the general principles be common to the various legal systems of the world.","start":489.35,"end":501.91,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":489.35,"end":489.59},{"text":"reiterate","start":489.59,"end":490.31},{"text":"that","start":490.31,"end":490.47},{"text":"creating","start":490.47,"end":491.11},{"text":"this","start":491.11,"end":491.35},{"text":"new","start":491.35,"end":491.59},{"text":"category,","start":491.59,"end":492.23},{"text":"which","start":492.51,"end":492.87},{"text":"would","start":493.03,"end":493.23},{"text":"appear","start":493.23,"end":493.67},{"text":"to","start":493.67,"end":493.83},{"text":"contradict","start":493.83,"end":494.47},{"text":"draft","start":494.55,"end":494.99},{"text":"conclusion","start":494.99,"end":495.51},{"text":"5,","start":495.51,"end":495.99},{"text":"requiring","start":496.47,"end":497.03},{"text":"the","start":497.03,"end":497.19},{"text":"general","start":497.59,"end":497.99},{"text":"principles","start":497.99,"end":498.71},{"text":"be","start":498.71,"end":498.83},{"text":"common","start":498.83,"end":499.35},{"text":"to","start":499.59,"end":499.75},{"text":"the","start":499.75,"end":499.87},{"text":"various","start":499.87,"end":500.39},{"text":"legal","start":500.39,"end":500.71},{"text":"systems","start":500.71,"end":501.27},{"text":"of","start":501.27,"end":501.43},{"text":"the","start":501.43,"end":501.55},{"text":"world.","start":501.55,"end":501.91}]},{"text":"I turn finally to other decisions and conclusions of the Commission.","start":502.55,"end":506.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":502.55,"end":502.71},{"text":"turn","start":502.71,"end":503.03},{"text":"finally","start":503.03,"end":503.51},{"text":"to","start":503.51,"end":503.71},{"text":"other","start":503.71,"end":503.99},{"text":"decisions","start":503.99,"end":504.63},{"text":"and","start":504.67,"end":505.03},{"text":"conclusions","start":505.27,"end":506.03},{"text":"of","start":506.03,"end":506.15},{"text":"the","start":506.15,"end":506.23},{"text":"Commission.","start":506.23,"end":506.79}]},{"text":"Singapore notes with interest that the topic, the right to regulate in international investment law, has been included in the Commission's long-term programme of work.","start":507.19,"end":516.03,"topics":[{"key":"investment-regulatory-rights","label":"Right to Regulate in International Investment Law","description":"Delegations supported examining States’ right to regulate under international investment law to clarify legal uncertainties. 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encourage the Working Group to finalise both its handbook and report at the 78th session of the 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Chair.","start":543.27,"end":544.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":543.27,"end":543.51},{"text":"you,","start":543.51,"end":543.59},{"text":"Madam","start":543.63,"end":543.91},{"text":"Chair.","start":543.91,"end":544.23}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"SGP","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Singapore"}},{"statement_number":3,"start":546.55,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/81/31?lang=en&t=9:07","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Singapore for his 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a time when the international community is living through difficult challenges, the necessity of upholding the rule of law is greater than 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stance is resolute and unshakable.","start":596.07,"end":599.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Japan's","start":596.07,"end":596.59},{"text":"stance","start":596.59,"end":597.03},{"text":"is","start":597.03,"end":597.19},{"text":"resolute","start":597.19,"end":597.91},{"text":"and","start":597.91,"end":598.23},{"text":"unshakable.","start":598.23,"end":599.11}]},{"text":"Establishing the rule of law is of great importance in achieving and maintaining international peace and security, prosperity.","start":599.75,"end":607.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Establishing","start":599.75,"end":600.43},{"text":"the","start":600.43,"end":600.51},{"text":"rule","start":600.51,"end":600.79},{"text":"of","start":600.79,"end":600.91},{"text":"law","start":600.91,"end":601.23},{"text":"is","start":601.23,"end":601.47},{"text":"of","start":601.47,"end":601.63},{"text":"great","start":601.63,"end":601.99},{"text":"importance","start":601.99,"end":602.83},{"text":"in","start":603.07,"end":603.35},{"text":"achieving","start":603.35,"end":603.95},{"text":"and","start":604.19,"end":604.59},{"text":"maintaining","start":604.59,"end":605.23},{"text":"international","start":605.23,"end":605.99},{"text":"peace","start":605.99,"end":606.27},{"text":"and","start":606.27,"end":606.43},{"text":"security,","start":606.43,"end":606.99},{"text":"prosperity.","start":607.07,"end":607.87}]},{"text":"Before moving on to specific topics, Japan welcomes the Commission's decision to include the identification and its legal consequence of obligations erga omnes in international law in its program of work, and to appoint Dr. Asada Masahiko as the Special Rapporteur, which we believe was done in a timely manner.","start":608.67,"end":631.39,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Several delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, State responsibility, and countermeasures taken in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"Before","start":608.67,"end":609.31},{"text":"moving","start":609.55,"end":610.19},{"text":"on","start":610.19,"end":610.43},{"text":"to","start":610.43,"end":610.55},{"text":"specific","start":610.55,"end":611.15},{"text":"topics,","start":611.15,"end":611.87},{"text":"Japan","start":612.19,"end":612.67},{"text":"welcomes","start":612.67,"end":613.31},{"text":"the","start":613.31,"end":613.47},{"text":"Commission's","start":613.47,"end":614.03},{"text":"decision","start":614.03,"end":614.75},{"text":"to","start":614.75,"end":614.87},{"text":"include","start":614.87,"end":615.47},{"text":"the","start":615.63,"end":615.75},{"text":"identification","start":615.75,"end":616.83},{"text":"and","start":616.83,"end":617.03},{"text":"its","start":617.03,"end":617.23},{"text":"legal","start":617.23,"end":617.59},{"text":"consequence","start":617.59,"end":618.35},{"text":"of","start":618.35,"end":618.43},{"text":"obligations","start":618.43,"end":619.39},{"text":"erga","start":619.39,"end":619.79},{"text":"omnes","start":619.79,"end":620.43},{"text":"in","start":620.51,"end":620.75},{"text":"international","start":620.75,"end":621.83},{"text":"law","start":621.83,"end":621.91},{"text":"in","start":622.35,"end":622.55},{"text":"its","start":622.55,"end":622.75},{"text":"program","start":622.75,"end":623.31},{"text":"of","start":623.31,"end":623.39},{"text":"work,","start":623.39,"end":623.87},{"text":"and","start":624.27,"end":624.55},{"text":"to","start":624.55,"end":624.63},{"text":"appoint","start":624.63,"end":625.03},{"text":"Dr.","start":625.03,"end":625.51},{"text":"Asada","start":625.51,"end":625.87},{"text":"Masahiko","start":625.87,"end":626.67},{"text":"as","start":626.67,"end":626.87},{"text":"the","start":626.87,"end":626.99},{"text":"Special","start":626.99,"end":627.51},{"text":"Rapporteur,","start":627.51,"end":628.19},{"text":"which","start":628.63,"end":628.91},{"text":"we","start":628.91,"end":629.07},{"text":"believe","start":629.07,"end":629.59},{"text":"was","start":629.71,"end":629.95},{"text":"done","start":629.95,"end":630.27},{"text":"in","start":630.27,"end":630.43},{"text":"a","start":630.43,"end":630.47},{"text":"timely","start":630.47,"end":630.95},{"text":"manner.","start":630.95,"end":631.39}]},{"text":"Japan hopes that the Commission will have in-depth discussions on this issue and give awaited clarifications.","start":632.03,"end":638.91,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Several delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, State responsibility, and countermeasures taken in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"Japan","start":632.03,"end":632.51},{"text":"hopes","start":632.51,"end":632.99},{"text":"that","start":633.23,"end":633.51},{"text":"the","start":633.51,"end":633.63},{"text":"Commission","start":633.63,"end":634.19},{"text":"will","start":634.19,"end":634.35},{"text":"have","start":634.35,"end":634.59},{"text":"in-depth","start":634.59,"end":635.19},{"text":"discussions","start":635.23,"end":635.87},{"text":"on","start":635.87,"end":635.99},{"text":"this","start":635.99,"end":636.27},{"text":"issue","start":636.27,"end":636.75},{"text":"and","start":636.75,"end":636.99},{"text":"give","start":636.99,"end":637.23},{"text":"awaited","start":637.23,"end":637.79},{"text":"clarifications.","start":637.79,"end":638.91}]},{"text":"Now, I would like to turn to immunity of state officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction.","start":640.07,"end":645.91,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Now,","start":640.07,"end":640.71},{"text":"I","start":640.71,"end":640.87},{"text":"would","start":640.87,"end":641.07},{"text":"like","start":641.07,"end":641.31},{"text":"to","start":641.31,"end":641.43},{"text":"turn","start":641.43,"end":641.83},{"text":"to","start":641.83,"end":642.15},{"text":"immunity","start":642.15,"end":642.83},{"text":"of","start":642.83,"end":642.95},{"text":"state","start":642.95,"end":643.27},{"text":"officials","start":643.27,"end":644.07},{"text":"from","start":644.07,"end":644.31},{"text":"foreign","start":644.31,"end":644.71},{"text":"criminal","start":644.71,"end":645.19},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":645.19,"end":645.91}]},{"text":"Japan welcomes the Commission's completion of the second reading with the draft articles adopted.","start":646.71,"end":652.71,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Japan","start":646.71,"end":647.19},{"text":"welcomes","start":647.19,"end":647.83},{"text":"the","start":647.83,"end":647.95},{"text":"Commission's","start":647.95,"end":648.55},{"text":"completion","start":648.55,"end":649.27},{"text":"of","start":649.27,"end":649.43},{"text":"the","start":649.43,"end":649.51},{"text":"second","start":649.51,"end":649.99},{"text":"reading","start":649.99,"end":650.47},{"text":"with","start":650.47,"end":650.67},{"text":"the","start":650.67,"end":650.79},{"text":"draft","start":650.79,"end":651.35},{"text":"articles","start":651.35,"end":651.91},{"text":"adopted.","start":651.91,"end":652.71}]},{"text":"We express our deep respect for the tireless efforts of the Commission, particularly the Special Rapporteur, in reaching this stage.","start":653.43,"end":662.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":653.43,"end":653.71},{"text":"express","start":653.71,"end":654.39},{"text":"our","start":654.39,"end":654.63},{"text":"deep","start":654.63,"end":654.95},{"text":"respect","start":654.95,"end":655.43},{"text":"for","start":655.43,"end":655.59},{"text":"the","start":655.59,"end":655.75},{"text":"tireless","start":655.75,"end":656.31},{"text":"efforts","start":656.31,"end":656.79},{"text":"of","start":656.79,"end":656.87},{"text":"the","start":656.87,"end":656.99},{"text":"Commission,","start":656.99,"end":657.75},{"text":"particularly","start":658.15,"end":658.87},{"text":"the","start":658.87,"end":659.03},{"text":"Special","start":659.03,"end":659.55},{"text":"Rapporteur,","start":659.55,"end":660.31},{"text":"in","start":660.47,"end":660.71},{"text":"reaching","start":660.71,"end":661.35},{"text":"this","start":661.35,"end":661.87},{"text":"stage.","start":661.87,"end":662.47}]},{"text":"Achieving a common understanding of immunity in international law is extremely important.","start":662.87,"end":668.55,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Achieving","start":662.87,"end":663.51},{"text":"a","start":663.51,"end":663.55},{"text":"common","start":663.55,"end":664.07},{"text":"understanding","start":664.07,"end":664.91},{"text":"of","start":664.91,"end":665.03},{"text":"immunity","start":665.03,"end":665.71},{"text":"in","start":665.71,"end":665.83},{"text":"international","start":665.83,"end":666.87},{"text":"law","start":666.87,"end":666.95},{"text":"is","start":666.95,"end":667.19},{"text":"extremely","start":667.19,"end":667.87},{"text":"important.","start":667.87,"end":668.55}]},{"text":"And the Commission has played a significant role to this end.","start":668.99,"end":672.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":668.99,"end":669.23},{"text":"the","start":669.23,"end":669.31},{"text":"Commission","start":669.31,"end":669.95},{"text":"has","start":669.95,"end":670.19},{"text":"played","start":670.19,"end":670.59},{"text":"a","start":670.59,"end":670.63},{"text":"significant","start":670.63,"end":671.47},{"text":"role","start":671.47,"end":671.79},{"text":"to","start":671.79,"end":671.95},{"text":"this","start":671.95,"end":672.19},{"text":"end.","start":672.19,"end":672.59}]},{"text":"Regarding the exceptions to immunity ratione materiae, this remains one of the most highly debated issues, drawing significant interest and concern from the international community.","start":673.31,"end":685.47,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. 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Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":725.03,"end":725.83},{"text":"Japan","start":726.15,"end":726.79},{"text":"underscores","start":726.83,"end":727.59},{"text":"the","start":727.59,"end":727.71},{"text":"importance","start":727.71,"end":728.35},{"text":"of","start":728.35,"end":728.43},{"text":"Part","start":728.43,"end":729.31},{"text":"IV","start":729.31,"end":729.39},{"text":"of","start":729.39,"end":729.51},{"text":"the","start":729.51,"end":729.63},{"text":"draft","start":729.63,"end":730.07},{"text":"articles,","start":730.07,"end":730.79},{"text":"which","start":731.11,"end":731.43},{"text":"addresses","start":731.43,"end":732.23},{"text":"procedural","start":732.31,"end":733.03},{"text":"provisions","start":733.03,"end":733.75},{"text":"and","start":733.75,"end":733.95},{"text":"safeguards.","start":733.95,"end":734.71}]},{"text":"It is a fundamental principle of international law that immunity, particularly that of the troika, inherently exists and should be respected even without being explicitly invoked by the State concerned.","start":735.19,"end":748.87,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. 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Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":749.51,"end":750.31},{"text":"The","start":750.83,"end":750.99},{"text":"judicial","start":750.99,"end":751.51},{"text":"procedures","start":751.51,"end":752.11},{"text":"to","start":752.11,"end":752.27},{"text":"be","start":752.27,"end":752.43},{"text":"followed","start":752.43,"end":752.99},{"text":"when","start":752.99,"end":753.31},{"text":"such","start":753.31,"end":753.63},{"text":"exceptions","start":753.63,"end":754.27},{"text":"are","start":754.27,"end":754.47},{"text":"applied,","start":754.47,"end":755.07},{"text":"as","start":755.39,"end":755.63},{"text":"well","start":755.63,"end":755.79},{"text":"as","start":755.79,"end":755.95},{"text":"the","start":755.95,"end":756.11},{"text":"specific","start":756.11,"end":756.75},{"text":"processes","start":756.75,"end":757.39},{"text":"for","start":757.39,"end":757.63},{"text":"waivers,","start":757.63,"end":758.35},{"text":"must","start":758.59,"end":758.91},{"text":"be","start":758.91,"end":759.07},{"text":"clearly","start":759.07,"end":759.79},{"text":"and","start":759.79,"end":759.99},{"text":"precisely","start":759.99,"end":760.71},{"text":"defined","start":760.71,"end":761.27},{"text":"to","start":761.27,"end":761.35},{"text":"ensure","start":761.35,"end":761.79},{"text":"legal","start":761.79,"end":762.19},{"text":"certainty","start":762.19,"end":762.99},{"text":"and","start":763.23,"end":763.51},{"text":"prevent","start":763.51,"end":764.03},{"text":"political","start":764.03,"end":764.55},{"text":"abuse.","start":764.55,"end":765.15}]},{"text":"Lastly, we have witnessed state practice which may indicate states' current understanding of immunity ratione personae and immunity ratione materiae.","start":765.71,"end":777.63,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Lastly,","start":765.71,"end":766.59},{"text":"we","start":766.83,"end":767.07},{"text":"have","start":767.07,"end":767.23},{"text":"witnessed","start":767.23,"end":767.79},{"text":"state","start":767.79,"end":768.27},{"text":"practice","start":768.27,"end":768.79},{"text":"which","start":768.79,"end":769.07},{"text":"may","start":769.07,"end":769.27},{"text":"indicate","start":769.27,"end":769.79},{"text":"states'","start":769.79,"end":770.27},{"text":"current","start":770.27,"end":770.79},{"text":"understanding","start":770.79,"end":771.63},{"text":"of","start":771.63,"end":771.79},{"text":"immunity","start":771.79,"end":772.51},{"text":"ratione","start":772.51,"end":773.71},{"text":"personae","start":774.43,"end":775.15},{"text":"and","start":775.55,"end":775.75},{"text":"immunity","start":775.75,"end":776.35},{"text":"ratione","start":776.35,"end":776.91},{"text":"materiae.","start":776.91,"end":777.63}]},{"text":"Japan stresses the need to search for relevant state practice and jurisprudence relating to the immunity of state officials.","start":778.27,"end":785.87,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Japan","start":778.27,"end":778.75},{"text":"stresses","start":778.75,"end":779.39},{"text":"the","start":779.39,"end":779.47},{"text":"need","start":779.47,"end":780.03},{"text":"to","start":780.03,"end":780.19},{"text":"search","start":780.19,"end":780.75},{"text":"for","start":780.75,"end":780.95},{"text":"relevant","start":780.95,"end":781.39},{"text":"state","start":781.39,"end":781.71},{"text":"practice","start":781.71,"end":782.35},{"text":"and","start":782.39,"end":782.59},{"text":"jurisprudence","start":782.59,"end":783.47},{"text":"relating","start":783.47,"end":783.95},{"text":"to","start":783.95,"end":784.11},{"text":"the","start":784.11,"end":784.23},{"text":"immunity","start":784.23,"end":784.75},{"text":"of","start":784.75,"end":784.83},{"text":"state","start":784.83,"end":785.15},{"text":"officials.","start":785.15,"end":785.87}]},{"text":"Japan expresses its commitment to further efforts to combat impunity for the most serious crimes of concern to the international community, and to strengthen the rule of law through building consensus as much as possible.","start":786.83,"end":801.15,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Japan","start":786.83,"end":787.27},{"text":"expresses","start":787.27,"end":787.99},{"text":"its","start":787.99,"end":788.19},{"text":"commitment","start":788.19,"end":788.95},{"text":"to","start":788.95,"end":789.07},{"text":"further","start":789.07,"end":789.79},{"text":"efforts","start":789.79,"end":790.35},{"text":"to","start":790.35,"end":790.51},{"text":"combat","start":790.51,"end":791.07},{"text":"impunity","start":791.07,"end":791.87},{"text":"for","start":792.11,"end":792.35},{"text":"the","start":792.35,"end":792.43},{"text":"most","start":792.43,"end":792.87},{"text":"serious","start":792.87,"end":793.23},{"text":"crimes","start":793.23,"end":793.67},{"text":"of","start":793.67,"end":793.79},{"text":"concern","start":793.79,"end":794.39},{"text":"to","start":794.39,"end":794.51},{"text":"the","start":794.51,"end":794.59},{"text":"international","start":794.59,"end":795.39},{"text":"community,","start":795.39,"end":796.03},{"text":"and","start":796.51,"end":796.75},{"text":"to","start":796.75,"end":796.83},{"text":"strengthen","start":796.83,"end":797.51},{"text":"the","start":797.51,"end":797.63},{"text":"rule","start":797.63,"end":797.91},{"text":"of","start":797.91,"end":798.03},{"text":"law","start":798.03,"end":798.35},{"text":"through","start":798.43,"end":798.75},{"text":"building","start":798.75,"end":799.15},{"text":"consensus","start":799.15,"end":799.87},{"text":"as","start":799.87,"end":800.03},{"text":"much","start":800.03,"end":800.31},{"text":"as","start":800.31,"end":800.43},{"text":"possible.","start":800.43,"end":801.15}]},{"text":"To this end, Japan remains fully committed to actively participating in relevant discussions to ensure balanced, stable, and effective framework that can enjoy the widest possible support among states.","start":801.75,"end":815.27,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":801.75,"end":801.99},{"text":"this","start":801.99,"end":802.23},{"text":"end,","start":802.23,"end":802.63},{"text":"Japan","start":802.95,"end":803.43},{"text":"remains","start":803.43,"end":803.91},{"text":"fully","start":803.91,"end":804.23},{"text":"committed","start":804.23,"end":804.67},{"text":"to","start":804.67,"end":804.83},{"text":"actively","start":804.87,"end":805.51},{"text":"participating","start":805.51,"end":806.43},{"text":"in","start":806.43,"end":806.63},{"text":"relevant","start":806.63,"end":807.07},{"text":"discussions","start":807.07,"end":807.67},{"text":"to","start":807.67,"end":807.83},{"text":"ensure","start":807.83,"end":808.23},{"text":"balanced,","start":808.23,"end":809.03},{"text":"stable,","start":809.27,"end":810.07},{"text":"and","start":810.39,"end":810.59},{"text":"effective","start":810.59,"end":811.15},{"text":"framework","start":811.15,"end":811.67},{"text":"that","start":811.67,"end":811.87},{"text":"can","start":811.87,"end":812.23},{"text":"enjoy","start":812.23,"end":812.63},{"text":"the","start":812.63,"end":812.79},{"text":"widest","start":812.79,"end":813.31},{"text":"possible","start":813.31,"end":813.83},{"text":"support","start":813.83,"end":814.39},{"text":"among","start":814.39,"end":814.63},{"text":"states.","start":814.63,"end":815.27}]},{"text":"As for general principles of law, Japan takes note of the adoption of the entire set of draft conclusions and commentaries thereto.","start":816.31,"end":825.11,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":816.31,"end":816.63},{"text":"for","start":816.63,"end":816.87},{"text":"general","start":816.87,"end":817.43},{"text":"principles","start":817.43,"end":818.03},{"text":"of","start":818.03,"end":818.15},{"text":"law,","start":818.15,"end":818.59},{"text":"Japan","start":819.03,"end":819.51},{"text":"takes","start":819.51,"end":819.91},{"text":"note","start":819.91,"end":820.31},{"text":"of","start":820.31,"end":820.47},{"text":"the","start":820.47,"end":820.59},{"text":"adoption","start":820.59,"end":821.15},{"text":"of","start":821.15,"end":821.27},{"text":"the","start":821.27,"end":821.39},{"text":"entire","start":821.43,"end":821.99},{"text":"set","start":821.99,"end":822.31},{"text":"of","start":822.31,"end":822.39},{"text":"draft","start":822.39,"end":822.75},{"text":"conclusions","start":822.75,"end":823.59},{"text":"and","start":823.59,"end":823.75},{"text":"commentaries","start":823.75,"end":824.55},{"text":"thereto.","start":824.55,"end":825.11}]},{"text":"Japan highlights the relevance of the draft conclusion 2 and the second commentary to draft conclusion 6.","start":825.91,"end":832.71,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Japan","start":825.91,"end":826.39},{"text":"highlights","start":826.39,"end":826.95},{"text":"the","start":826.95,"end":827.03},{"text":"relevance","start":827.03,"end":827.59},{"text":"of","start":827.59,"end":827.67},{"text":"the","start":827.67,"end":827.83},{"text":"draft","start":827.83,"end":828.19},{"text":"conclusion","start":828.19,"end":828.87},{"text":"2","start":828.87,"end":829.35},{"text":"and","start":829.51,"end":829.71},{"text":"the","start":829.71,"end":829.83},{"text":"second","start":829.83,"end":830.31},{"text":"commentary","start":830.31,"end":831.03},{"text":"to","start":831.03,"end":831.19},{"text":"draft","start":831.19,"end":831.63},{"text":"conclusion","start":831.63,"end":832.23},{"text":"6.","start":832.23,"end":832.71}]},{"text":"The former states that for a general principle of law to exist, it must be recognized by the community of nations, and the latter states that transposition does not occur in an automatic fashion.","start":833.43,"end":846.79,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":833.43,"end":833.59},{"text":"former","start":833.59,"end":833.99},{"text":"states","start":833.99,"end":834.63},{"text":"that","start":835.03,"end":835.43},{"text":"for","start":835.59,"end":835.95},{"text":"a","start":835.95,"end":835.99},{"text":"general","start":835.99,"end":836.43},{"text":"principle","start":836.43,"end":836.99},{"text":"of","start":836.99,"end":837.11},{"text":"law","start":837.11,"end":837.27},{"text":"to","start":837.27,"end":837.47},{"text":"exist,","start":837.47,"end":837.99},{"text":"it","start":838.07,"end":838.31},{"text":"must","start":838.31,"end":838.63},{"text":"be","start":838.63,"end":838.79},{"text":"recognized","start":838.79,"end":839.51},{"text":"by","start":839.51,"end":839.75},{"text":"the","start":839.75,"end":839.87},{"text":"community","start":839.87,"end":840.47},{"text":"of","start":840.47,"end":840.63},{"text":"nations,","start":840.63,"end":841.43},{"text":"and","start":841.67,"end":841.87},{"text":"the","start":841.87,"end":841.99},{"text":"latter","start":841.99,"end":842.47},{"text":"states","start":842.47,"end":843.03},{"text":"that","start":843.11,"end":843.39},{"text":"transposition","start":843.39,"end":844.19},{"text":"does","start":844.19,"end":844.39},{"text":"not","start":844.39,"end":844.63},{"text":"occur","start":844.63,"end":845.19},{"text":"in","start":845.19,"end":845.51},{"text":"an","start":845.51,"end":845.63},{"text":"automatic","start":845.63,"end":846.23},{"text":"fashion.","start":846.23,"end":846.79}]},{"text":"With regard to the second category of general principles of law that may be formed within the international legal system, Japan notes the divergence of views in quite a few respects among the members of the Commission or States, as well as the opaque distinction between general principles of law and customary international law, while the wording of draft conclusion 3 seemingly differentiates the legal character of the two categories.","start":847.51,"end":876.35,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"With","start":847.51,"end":847.75},{"text":"regard","start":847.75,"end":848.27},{"text":"to","start":848.27,"end":848.39},{"text":"the","start":848.39,"end":848.51},{"text":"second","start":848.51,"end":848.95},{"text":"category","start":848.95,"end":849.55},{"text":"of","start":849.55,"end":849.67},{"text":"general","start":849.67,"end":850.15},{"text":"principles","start":850.15,"end":850.75},{"text":"of","start":850.75,"end":850.87},{"text":"law","start":850.87,"end":851.11},{"text":"that","start":851.11,"end":851.35},{"text":"may","start":851.35,"end":851.59},{"text":"be","start":851.59,"end":851.75},{"text":"formed","start":851.75,"end":852.31},{"text":"within","start":852.39,"end":852.79},{"text":"the","start":852.79,"end":852.87},{"text":"international","start":852.87,"end":853.63},{"text":"legal","start":853.63,"end":853.95},{"text":"system,","start":853.95,"end":854.55},{"text":"Japan","start":855.07,"end":855.51},{"text":"notes","start":855.51,"end":855.95},{"text":"the","start":855.95,"end":856.11},{"text":"divergence","start":856.11,"end":856.87},{"text":"of","start":856.87,"end":857.03},{"text":"views","start":857.03,"end":857.39},{"text":"in","start":857.39,"end":857.63},{"text":"quite","start":857.63,"end":857.99},{"text":"a","start":857.99,"end":858.03},{"text":"few","start":858.03,"end":858.35},{"text":"respects","start":858.35,"end":859.15},{"text":"among","start":859.15,"end":859.47},{"text":"the","start":859.47,"end":859.63},{"text":"members","start":859.63,"end":860.15},{"text":"of","start":860.15,"end":860.23},{"text":"the","start":860.23,"end":860.35},{"text":"Commission","start":860.35,"end":860.99},{"text":"or","start":861.23,"end":861.39},{"text":"States,","start":861.39,"end":862.03},{"text":"as","start":862.27,"end":862.51},{"text":"well","start":862.51,"end":862.67},{"text":"as","start":862.67,"end":862.83},{"text":"the","start":862.83,"end":862.95},{"text":"opaque","start":863.07,"end":863.55},{"text":"distinction","start":863.55,"end":864.27},{"text":"between","start":864.27,"end":864.67},{"text":"general","start":864.67,"end":865.07},{"text":"principles","start":865.07,"end":865.75},{"text":"of","start":865.75,"end":865.87},{"text":"law","start":865.87,"end":866.27},{"text":"and","start":866.51,"end":866.67},{"text":"customary","start":866.67,"end":867.39},{"text":"international","start":867.39,"end":868.31},{"text":"law,","start":868.31,"end":868.39},{"text":"while","start":868.75,"end":869.15},{"text":"the","start":869.15,"end":869.31},{"text":"wording","start":869.31,"end":869.95},{"text":"of","start":869.95,"end":870.07},{"text":"draft","start":870.11,"end":870.51},{"text":"conclusion","start":870.51,"end":871.15},{"text":"3","start":871.15,"end":871.39},{"text":"seemingly","start":871.39,"end":872.11},{"text":"differentiates","start":872.11,"end":873.07},{"text":"the","start":873.07,"end":873.23},{"text":"legal","start":873.23,"end":873.63},{"text":"character","start":873.63,"end":874.35},{"text":"of","start":874.83,"end":875.07},{"text":"the","start":875.07,"end":875.15},{"text":"two","start":875.15,"end":875.47},{"text":"categories.","start":875.47,"end":876.35}]},{"text":"Lastly, I would like to address sea level rise in relation to international law.","start":877.07,"end":882.07,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. 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The Kingdom of the Netherlands would like to sincerely thank the International Law Commission for this year's 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the difficulties encountered last year by the Commission due to the liquidity crisis that led to a reduced annual session, the Commission made substantial progress on a lot of topics this 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progress is particularly noticeable with the completion of two topics on first and second readings.","start":1004.43,"end":1011.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1004.43,"end":1004.59},{"text":"progress","start":1004.59,"end":1005.15},{"text":"is","start":1005.15,"end":1005.27},{"text":"particularly","start":1005.27,"end":1005.95},{"text":"noticeable","start":1005.95,"end":1007.27},{"text":"with","start":1007.27,"end":1007.43},{"text":"the","start":1007.43,"end":1007.51},{"text":"completion","start":1007.79,"end":1008.35},{"text":"of","start":1008.35,"end":1008.51},{"text":"two","start":1008.51,"end":1008.75},{"text":"topics","start":1008.75,"end":1009.39},{"text":"on","start":1009.39,"end":1009.47},{"text":"first","start":1009.47,"end":1010.39},{"text":"and","start":1010.39,"end":1010.59},{"text":"second","start":1010.67,"end":1011.23},{"text":"readings.","start":1011.23,"end":1011.79}]},{"text":"progress that is necessary for the encouragement of the codification and progressive development of international law.","start":1012.19,"end":1018.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"progress","start":1012.19,"end":1012.71},{"text":"that","start":1012.71,"end":1012.87},{"text":"is","start":1012.87,"end":1012.95},{"text":"necessary","start":1012.95,"end":1013.75},{"text":"for","start":1013.91,"end":1014.15},{"text":"the","start":1014.15,"end":1014.23},{"text":"encouragement","start":1014.23,"end":1014.95},{"text":"of","start":1014.95,"end":1015.03},{"text":"the","start":1015.03,"end":1015.15},{"text":"codification","start":1015.15,"end":1016.07},{"text":"and","start":1016.07,"end":1016.23},{"text":"progressive","start":1016.23,"end":1016.71},{"text":"development","start":1016.71,"end":1017.35},{"text":"of","start":1017.59,"end":1017.75},{"text":"international","start":1017.75,"end":1018.71},{"text":"law.","start":1018.71,"end":1018.79}]},{"text":"My Government wishes to encourage others to submit or continue submitting relevant information that will serve as input for the work of the Commission.","start":1019.83,"end":1030.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1019.83,"end":1020.23},{"text":"Government","start":1020.23,"end":1020.87},{"text":"wishes","start":1020.87,"end":1021.19},{"text":"to","start":1021.19,"end":1021.31},{"text":"encourage","start":1021.31,"end":1021.91},{"text":"others","start":1021.99,"end":1022.55},{"text":"to","start":1022.71,"end":1023.91},{"text":"submit","start":1024.63,"end":1025.19},{"text":"or","start":1025.19,"end":1025.35},{"text":"continue","start":1025.35,"end":1025.83},{"text":"submitting","start":1025.83,"end":1026.31},{"text":"relevant","start":1026.31,"end":1026.71},{"text":"information","start":1026.71,"end":1027.43},{"text":"that","start":1027.83,"end":1028.07},{"text":"will","start":1028.07,"end":1028.23},{"text":"serve","start":1028.23,"end":1028.63},{"text":"as","start":1028.63,"end":1028.79},{"text":"input","start":1028.79,"end":1029.27},{"text":"for","start":1029.27,"end":1029.39},{"text":"the","start":1029.39,"end":1029.47},{"text":"work","start":1029.47,"end":1029.71},{"text":"of","start":1029.71,"end":1029.83},{"text":"the","start":1029.83,"end":1029.95},{"text":"Commission.","start":1029.95,"end":1030.55}]},{"text":"The studies of the Commission greatly benefit from a geographically diverse range of practices, perspectives, and positions from States from different parts of this world.","start":1030.87,"end":1041.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1030.87,"end":1030.95},{"text":"studies","start":1030.95,"end":1031.47},{"text":"of","start":1031.47,"end":1031.59},{"text":"the","start":1031.59,"end":1031.71},{"text":"Commission","start":1031.71,"end":1032.19},{"text":"greatly","start":1032.19,"end":1032.63},{"text":"benefit","start":1032.63,"end":1033.19},{"text":"from","start":1033.59,"end":1033.83},{"text":"a","start":1033.99,"end":1034.07},{"text":"geographically","start":1034.07,"end":1034.95},{"text":"diverse","start":1034.95,"end":1035.51},{"text":"range","start":1035.51,"end":1035.83},{"text":"of","start":1035.83,"end":1035.99},{"text":"practices,","start":1035.99,"end":1037.11},{"text":"perspectives,","start":1037.11,"end":1037.91},{"text":"and","start":1037.91,"end":1038.07},{"text":"positions","start":1038.07,"end":1038.63},{"text":"from","start":1038.63,"end":1038.87},{"text":"States","start":1038.87,"end":1039.35},{"text":"from","start":1039.59,"end":1039.83},{"text":"different","start":1039.83,"end":1040.23},{"text":"parts","start":1040.23,"end":1040.59},{"text":"of","start":1040.59,"end":1040.71},{"text":"this","start":1040.71,"end":1040.95},{"text":"world.","start":1040.95,"end":1041.23}]},{"text":"This is also in line with this year's message, as delivered by the UN Secretary-General to the International Law Commission when he said that, and I quote, \"The world needs rigorous legal thinking, drawing on different legal traditions, diverse points of view, and backgrounds.\"","start":1042.19,"end":1057.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1042.19,"end":1042.43},{"text":"is","start":1042.43,"end":1042.59},{"text":"also","start":1042.59,"end":1042.83},{"text":"in","start":1042.83,"end":1042.95},{"text":"line","start":1042.95,"end":1043.27},{"text":"with","start":1043.27,"end":1043.43},{"text":"this","start":1043.47,"end":1043.63},{"text":"year's","start":1043.63,"end":1043.95},{"text":"message,","start":1043.95,"end":1044.43},{"text":"as","start":1044.43,"end":1044.63},{"text":"delivered","start":1044.63,"end":1045.07},{"text":"by","start":1045.07,"end":1045.19},{"text":"the","start":1045.19,"end":1045.27},{"text":"UN","start":1045.27,"end":1045.63},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":1045.63,"end":1046.67},{"text":"to","start":1046.91,"end":1047.07},{"text":"the","start":1047.07,"end":1047.15},{"text":"International","start":1047.15,"end":1047.75},{"text":"Law","start":1047.75,"end":1047.87},{"text":"Commission","start":1047.87,"end":1048.43},{"text":"when","start":1048.43,"end":1048.59},{"text":"he","start":1048.59,"end":1048.67},{"text":"said","start":1048.67,"end":1049.03},{"text":"that,","start":1049.03,"end":1049.27},{"text":"and","start":1049.27,"end":1049.39},{"text":"I","start":1049.39,"end":1049.47},{"text":"quote,","start":1049.47,"end":1049.95},{"text":"\"The","start":1050.35,"end":1050.43},{"text":"world","start":1050.43,"end":1050.79},{"text":"needs","start":1050.79,"end":1051.07},{"text":"rigorous","start":1051.07,"end":1051.63},{"text":"legal","start":1051.63,"end":1051.95},{"text":"thinking,","start":1051.95,"end":1052.51},{"text":"drawing","start":1052.59,"end":1052.99},{"text":"on","start":1052.99,"end":1053.15},{"text":"different","start":1053.15,"end":1053.55},{"text":"legal","start":1053.55,"end":1053.87},{"text":"traditions,","start":1053.87,"end":1054.59},{"text":"diverse","start":1054.59,"end":1055.07},{"text":"points","start":1055.07,"end":1055.51},{"text":"of","start":1055.51,"end":1055.67},{"text":"view,","start":1055.67,"end":1056.03},{"text":"and","start":1056.27,"end":1056.47},{"text":"backgrounds.\"","start":1056.47,"end":1057.15}]},{"text":"Chair, please allow me now to turn to the topic immunity of state officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction.","start":1058.67,"end":1064.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":1058.67,"end":1058.99},{"text":"please","start":1058.99,"end":1059.27},{"text":"allow","start":1059.27,"end":1059.43},{"text":"me","start":1059.43,"end":1059.63},{"text":"now","start":1059.63,"end":1059.87},{"text":"to","start":1059.87,"end":1060.03},{"text":"turn","start":1060.07,"end":1060.31},{"text":"to","start":1060.31,"end":1060.39},{"text":"the","start":1060.39,"end":1060.47},{"text":"topic","start":1060.47,"end":1060.91},{"text":"immunity","start":1060.91,"end":1061.47},{"text":"of","start":1061.47,"end":1061.55},{"text":"state","start":1061.55,"end":1061.83},{"text":"officials","start":1061.83,"end":1062.35},{"text":"from","start":1062.35,"end":1062.59},{"text":"foreign","start":1062.59,"end":1062.99},{"text":"criminal","start":1062.99,"end":1063.43},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":1063.43,"end":1064.27}]},{"text":"The Kingdom of the Netherlands would like to take this opportunity to congratulate the Special Rapporteur with the adoption by the Commission of the entire set of draft articles on second reading.","start":1064.67,"end":1074.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1064.67,"end":1064.79},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1064.83,"end":1065.15},{"text":"of","start":1065.15,"end":1065.27},{"text":"the","start":1065.27,"end":1065.35},{"text":"Netherlands","start":1065.35,"end":1065.79},{"text":"would","start":1065.79,"end":1065.95},{"text":"like","start":1065.95,"end":1066.19},{"text":"to","start":1066.19,"end":1066.31},{"text":"take","start":1066.43,"end":1066.75},{"text":"this","start":1066.75,"end":1066.95},{"text":"opportunity","start":1066.95,"end":1067.63},{"text":"to","start":1067.63,"end":1067.75},{"text":"congratulate","start":1067.75,"end":1068.47},{"text":"the","start":1068.47,"end":1068.55},{"text":"Special","start":1068.55,"end":1068.91},{"text":"Rapporteur","start":1068.91,"end":1069.63},{"text":"with","start":1069.87,"end":1070.07},{"text":"the","start":1070.07,"end":1070.15},{"text":"adoption","start":1070.15,"end":1070.59},{"text":"by","start":1070.59,"end":1070.75},{"text":"the","start":1070.75,"end":1070.83},{"text":"Commission","start":1070.83,"end":1071.39},{"text":"of","start":1071.39,"end":1071.55},{"text":"the","start":1071.59,"end":1071.67},{"text":"entire","start":1071.67,"end":1072.03},{"text":"set","start":1072.03,"end":1072.31},{"text":"of","start":1072.31,"end":1072.43},{"text":"draft","start":1072.43,"end":1072.75},{"text":"articles","start":1072.75,"end":1073.23},{"text":"on","start":1073.23,"end":1073.39},{"text":"second","start":1073.39,"end":1073.71},{"text":"reading.","start":1073.71,"end":1074.11}]},{"text":"This also includes the commentaries to the draft articles.","start":1074.67,"end":1077.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1074.67,"end":1074.91},{"text":"also","start":1074.91,"end":1075.15},{"text":"includes","start":1075.15,"end":1075.71},{"text":"the","start":1075.71,"end":1075.79},{"text":"commentaries","start":1075.79,"end":1076.43},{"text":"to","start":1076.43,"end":1076.55},{"text":"the","start":1076.55,"end":1076.63},{"text":"draft","start":1076.63,"end":1076.99},{"text":"articles.","start":1076.99,"end":1077.63}]},{"text":"The adoption is an important step, and my government would like to express its appreciation to the Commission for its work.","start":1078.03,"end":1084.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1078.03,"end":1078.15},{"text":"adoption","start":1078.15,"end":1078.67},{"text":"is","start":1078.67,"end":1078.79},{"text":"an","start":1078.79,"end":1078.87},{"text":"important","start":1078.87,"end":1079.35},{"text":"step,","start":1079.35,"end":1079.71},{"text":"and","start":1079.71,"end":1079.87},{"text":"my","start":1079.87,"end":1080.11},{"text":"government","start":1080.11,"end":1080.67},{"text":"would","start":1080.67,"end":1080.83},{"text":"like","start":1080.83,"end":1081.03},{"text":"to","start":1081.03,"end":1081.11},{"text":"express","start":1081.11,"end":1081.63},{"text":"its","start":1081.63,"end":1081.79},{"text":"appreciation","start":1081.79,"end":1082.51},{"text":"to","start":1082.51,"end":1082.67},{"text":"the","start":1082.67,"end":1082.75},{"text":"Commission","start":1082.75,"end":1083.23},{"text":"for","start":1083.55,"end":1083.79},{"text":"its","start":1083.79,"end":1083.99},{"text":"work.","start":1083.99,"end":1084.23}]},{"text":"My government is of the view that the second reading of the topic of immunity of state officials addresses the comments and observations made by states to a large extent.","start":1084.83,"end":1093.55,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1084.83,"end":1084.99},{"text":"government","start":1084.99,"end":1085.51},{"text":"is","start":1085.51,"end":1085.63},{"text":"of","start":1085.63,"end":1085.75},{"text":"the","start":1085.75,"end":1085.87},{"text":"view","start":1085.87,"end":1086.19},{"text":"that","start":1086.19,"end":1086.35},{"text":"the","start":1086.35,"end":1086.43},{"text":"second","start":1086.43,"end":1086.83},{"text":"reading","start":1086.83,"end":1087.19},{"text":"of","start":1087.19,"end":1087.31},{"text":"the","start":1087.31,"end":1087.39},{"text":"topic","start":1087.39,"end":1087.83},{"text":"of","start":1087.83,"end":1087.95},{"text":"immunity","start":1087.95,"end":1088.43},{"text":"of","start":1088.43,"end":1088.51},{"text":"state","start":1088.51,"end":1088.79},{"text":"officials","start":1088.79,"end":1089.39},{"text":"addresses","start":1089.71,"end":1090.31},{"text":"the","start":1090.31,"end":1090.43},{"text":"comments","start":1090.43,"end":1090.87},{"text":"and","start":1090.87,"end":1090.99},{"text":"observations","start":1090.99,"end":1091.63},{"text":"made","start":1091.63,"end":1091.87},{"text":"by","start":1091.87,"end":1092.03},{"text":"states","start":1092.03,"end":1092.47},{"text":"to","start":1092.47,"end":1092.59},{"text":"a","start":1092.59,"end":1092.67},{"text":"large","start":1092.67,"end":1092.99},{"text":"extent.","start":1092.99,"end":1093.55}]},{"text":"My Government notes that some of these comments and observations have been addressed through clarifications in the commentaries instead of modifications of the text of the draft articles themselves.","start":1093.95,"end":1105.67,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1093.95,"end":1094.07},{"text":"Government","start":1094.07,"end":1094.59},{"text":"notes","start":1094.59,"end":1094.95},{"text":"that","start":1094.95,"end":1095.19},{"text":"some","start":1095.19,"end":1095.43},{"text":"of","start":1095.43,"end":1095.55},{"text":"these","start":1095.55,"end":1095.75},{"text":"comments","start":1095.75,"end":1096.15},{"text":"and","start":1096.15,"end":1096.27},{"text":"observations","start":1096.27,"end":1097.03},{"text":"have","start":1097.27,"end":1097.47},{"text":"been","start":1097.47,"end":1097.67},{"text":"addressed","start":1097.67,"end":1098.11},{"text":"through","start":1098.11,"end":1098.39},{"text":"clarifications","start":1098.47,"end":1099.35},{"text":"in","start":1099.35,"end":1099.47},{"text":"the","start":1099.47,"end":1099.55},{"text":"commentaries","start":1099.55,"end":1100.39},{"text":"instead","start":1100.63,"end":1101.03},{"text":"of","start":1101.03,"end":1101.11},{"text":"modifications","start":1101.11,"end":1102.31},{"text":"of","start":1102.31,"end":1102.63},{"text":"the","start":1103.19,"end":1103.27},{"text":"text","start":1103.35,"end":1103.87},{"text":"of","start":1103.87,"end":1103.99},{"text":"the","start":1103.99,"end":1104.11},{"text":"draft","start":1104.11,"end":1104.51},{"text":"articles","start":1104.51,"end":1104.95},{"text":"themselves.","start":1104.95,"end":1105.67}]},{"text":"This also relates to Part IV of the draft articles.","start":1106.07,"end":1108.95,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1106.07,"end":1106.31},{"text":"also","start":1106.31,"end":1106.63},{"text":"relates","start":1106.63,"end":1106.99},{"text":"to","start":1106.99,"end":1107.11},{"text":"Part","start":1107.11,"end":1107.43},{"text":"IV","start":1107.43,"end":1107.51},{"text":"of","start":1107.51,"end":1107.91},{"text":"the","start":1107.91,"end":1107.99},{"text":"draft","start":1107.99,"end":1108.31},{"text":"articles.","start":1108.31,"end":1108.95}]},{"text":"My Government’s concerns with the procedural provisions and safeguards contained in Part IV of the draft articles remain.","start":1109.19,"end":1115.71,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1109.19,"end":1109.35},{"text":"Government’s","start":1109.35,"end":1109.87},{"text":"concerns","start":1109.87,"end":1110.47},{"text":"with","start":1110.47,"end":1110.67},{"text":"the","start":1110.67,"end":1110.79},{"text":"procedural","start":1110.79,"end":1111.27},{"text":"provisions","start":1111.27,"end":1111.95},{"text":"and","start":1111.95,"end":1112.11},{"text":"safeguards","start":1112.11,"end":1112.63},{"text":"contained","start":1112.63,"end":1113.15},{"text":"in","start":1113.15,"end":1113.35},{"text":"Part","start":1113.59,"end":1113.91},{"text":"IV","start":1113.91,"end":1113.99},{"text":"of","start":1113.99,"end":1114.31},{"text":"the","start":1114.31,"end":1114.39},{"text":"draft","start":1114.39,"end":1114.71},{"text":"articles","start":1114.71,"end":1115.27},{"text":"remain.","start":1115.27,"end":1115.71}]},{"text":"We continue to consider that they do not reflect existing State practice.","start":1116.23,"end":1120.23,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1116.23,"end":1116.39},{"text":"continue","start":1116.39,"end":1116.83},{"text":"to","start":1116.83,"end":1116.95},{"text":"consider","start":1116.95,"end":1117.43},{"text":"that","start":1117.43,"end":1117.59},{"text":"they","start":1117.59,"end":1117.75},{"text":"do","start":1117.75,"end":1117.91},{"text":"not","start":1117.91,"end":1118.23},{"text":"reflect","start":1118.23,"end":1118.67},{"text":"existing","start":1118.79,"end":1119.31},{"text":"State","start":1119.31,"end":1119.55},{"text":"practice.","start":1119.55,"end":1120.23}]},{"text":"Chair, with regard to draft article 6, my Government notes that the draft article includes an explicit list of crimes under international law to which immunity rationis materiae shall not apply.","start":1120.95,"end":1133.03,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":1120.95,"end":1121.31},{"text":"with","start":1121.31,"end":1121.51},{"text":"regard","start":1121.51,"end":1121.87},{"text":"to","start":1121.87,"end":1122.07},{"text":"draft","start":1122.07,"end":1122.39},{"text":"article","start":1122.39,"end":1122.71},{"text":"6,","start":1122.71,"end":1123.19},{"text":"my","start":1123.19,"end":1123.43},{"text":"Government","start":1123.43,"end":1123.91},{"text":"notes","start":1123.91,"end":1124.31},{"text":"that","start":1124.31,"end":1124.51},{"text":"the","start":1124.51,"end":1124.59},{"text":"draft","start":1124.59,"end":1124.95},{"text":"article","start":1124.95,"end":1125.35},{"text":"includes","start":1125.35,"end":1125.79},{"text":"an","start":1125.79,"end":1125.91},{"text":"explicit","start":1125.91,"end":1126.43},{"text":"list","start":1126.43,"end":1126.75},{"text":"of","start":1126.75,"end":1126.87},{"text":"crimes","start":1126.87,"end":1127.35},{"text":"under","start":1127.79,"end":1128.03},{"text":"international","start":1128.03,"end":1128.95},{"text":"law","start":1128.95,"end":1129.03},{"text":"to","start":1129.35,"end":1129.43},{"text":"which","start":1129.43,"end":1129.67},{"text":"immunity","start":1129.67,"end":1130.47},{"text":"rationis","start":1130.47,"end":1131.11},{"text":"materiae","start":1131.11,"end":1131.83},{"text":"shall","start":1132.15,"end":1132.39},{"text":"not","start":1132.39,"end":1132.55},{"text":"apply.","start":1132.55,"end":1133.03}]},{"text":"The draft article does not include a mere, more general reference to crimes under international law to which immunity rationis materiae does not apply.","start":1133.27,"end":1142.55,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1133.27,"end":1133.43},{"text":"draft","start":1133.43,"end":1133.75},{"text":"article","start":1133.75,"end":1134.15},{"text":"does","start":1134.15,"end":1134.39},{"text":"not","start":1134.39,"end":1134.71},{"text":"include","start":1134.71,"end":1135.19},{"text":"a","start":1135.19,"end":1135.27},{"text":"mere,","start":1135.27,"end":1135.67},{"text":"more","start":1136.31,"end":1136.63},{"text":"general","start":1136.63,"end":1137.03},{"text":"reference","start":1137.03,"end":1137.51},{"text":"to","start":1137.51,"end":1137.67},{"text":"crimes","start":1137.67,"end":1138.07},{"text":"under","start":1138.07,"end":1138.31},{"text":"international","start":1138.31,"end":1139.23},{"text":"law","start":1139.23,"end":1139.31},{"text":"to","start":1139.51,"end":1139.63},{"text":"which","start":1139.63,"end":1139.83},{"text":"immunity","start":1139.83,"end":1140.47},{"text":"rationis","start":1140.47,"end":1141.07},{"text":"materiae","start":1141.11,"end":1141.67},{"text":"does","start":1141.67,"end":1141.91},{"text":"not","start":1141.91,"end":1142.07},{"text":"apply.","start":1142.07,"end":1142.55}]},{"text":"Draft article 6 therefore appears to contain an exhaustive list of crimes.","start":1142.87,"end":1147.19,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Draft","start":1142.87,"end":1143.27},{"text":"article","start":1143.27,"end":1143.67},{"text":"6","start":1143.67,"end":1143.95},{"text":"therefore","start":1143.95,"end":1144.31},{"text":"appears","start":1144.31,"end":1144.67},{"text":"to","start":1144.67,"end":1144.79},{"text":"contain","start":1144.79,"end":1145.43},{"text":"an","start":1145.43,"end":1145.51},{"text":"exhaustive","start":1145.51,"end":1146.23},{"text":"list","start":1146.23,"end":1146.51},{"text":"of","start":1146.51,"end":1146.63},{"text":"crimes.","start":1146.63,"end":1147.19}]},{"text":"However, with the enumeration in the commentaries of the criteria used by the Commission to include specific crimes in draft article 6, the possibility is left open that the application of these criteria may lead to the identification of further crimes to which immunity ratione materiae would not apply.","start":1147.87,"end":1165.99,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. 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Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1166.39,"end":1166.55},{"text":"government","start":1166.55,"end":1167.11},{"text":"welcomes","start":1167.19,"end":1167.71},{"text":"such","start":1167.71,"end":1168.07},{"text":"a","start":1168.15,"end":1168.19},{"text":"non-exhaustive","start":1168.19,"end":1169.03},{"text":"approach.","start":1169.03,"end":1169.51}]},{"text":"With regard to draft article 9, my government regrets that the notification to the State of the official It's included as an obligation for the forum state in the event that criminal proceedings are initiated or coercive measures are taken.","start":1171.11,"end":1184.91,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. 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Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1185.55,"end":1185.79},{"text":"our","start":1185.79,"end":1186.03},{"text":"view,","start":1186.03,"end":1186.51},{"text":"this","start":1186.51,"end":1186.75},{"text":"does","start":1186.75,"end":1186.91},{"text":"not","start":1186.91,"end":1187.15},{"text":"reflect","start":1187.15,"end":1187.51},{"text":"state","start":1187.51,"end":1187.75},{"text":"practice","start":1187.75,"end":1188.43},{"text":"and","start":1188.67,"end":1188.83},{"text":"is","start":1188.83,"end":1188.95},{"text":"conceptually","start":1188.95,"end":1189.87},{"text":"undesirable.","start":1189.87,"end":1190.83}]},{"text":"Nevertheless, it is noted that there is some flexibility for the forum state by providing for the exception of not having to notify the state of the official.","start":1191.31,"end":1200.19,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Nevertheless,","start":1191.31,"end":1192.03},{"text":"it","start":1192.03,"end":1192.19},{"text":"is","start":1192.19,"end":1192.35},{"text":"noted","start":1192.35,"end":1192.75},{"text":"that","start":1192.75,"end":1192.95},{"text":"there","start":1192.95,"end":1193.15},{"text":"is","start":1193.15,"end":1193.23},{"text":"some","start":1193.23,"end":1193.43},{"text":"flexibility","start":1193.43,"end":1194.35},{"text":"for","start":1194.43,"end":1194.63},{"text":"the","start":1194.63,"end":1194.71},{"text":"forum","start":1194.71,"end":1195.07},{"text":"state","start":1195.07,"end":1195.47},{"text":"by","start":1195.87,"end":1196.11},{"text":"providing","start":1196.11,"end":1196.75},{"text":"for","start":1196.75,"end":1196.91},{"text":"the","start":1196.91,"end":1196.99},{"text":"exception","start":1196.99,"end":1197.67},{"text":"of","start":1197.67,"end":1197.79},{"text":"not","start":1197.79,"end":1197.95},{"text":"having","start":1197.95,"end":1198.27},{"text":"to","start":1198.27,"end":1198.39},{"text":"notify","start":1198.39,"end":1198.99},{"text":"the","start":1198.99,"end":1199.07},{"text":"state","start":1199.07,"end":1199.39},{"text":"of","start":1199.39,"end":1199.55},{"text":"the","start":1199.55,"end":1199.67},{"text":"official.","start":1199.67,"end":1200.19}]},{"text":"This flexibility exists when such notification would jeopardize the confidentiality of an ongoing investigation or the proper conduct of criminal proceedings.","start":1200.83,"end":1210.83,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1200.83,"end":1201.27},{"text":"flexibility","start":1201.27,"end":1202.11},{"text":"exists","start":1202.11,"end":1202.63},{"text":"when","start":1202.63,"end":1202.83},{"text":"such","start":1202.83,"end":1203.15},{"text":"notification","start":1203.15,"end":1203.95},{"text":"would","start":1203.95,"end":1204.11},{"text":"jeopardize","start":1204.11,"end":1204.75},{"text":"the","start":1204.75,"end":1204.83},{"text":"confidentiality","start":1204.83,"end":1205.87},{"text":"of","start":1205.87,"end":1206.03},{"text":"an","start":1206.07,"end":1206.19},{"text":"ongoing","start":1206.19,"end":1206.67},{"text":"investigation","start":1206.67,"end":1207.63},{"text":"or","start":1207.95,"end":1208.15},{"text":"the","start":1208.15,"end":1208.27},{"text":"proper","start":1208.27,"end":1208.59},{"text":"conduct","start":1208.59,"end":1209.15},{"text":"of","start":1209.15,"end":1209.47},{"text":"criminal","start":1209.47,"end":1209.95},{"text":"proceedings.","start":1210.03,"end":1210.83}]},{"text":"At this point, the Kingdom of the Netherlands reiterates its position that provisions on the procedural rights of the state official as contained in draft article 15 should not have been included in these draft articles since they are separate from the issue of immunity.","start":1211.47,"end":1226.03,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. 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once again, my government wishes to thank the Commission for completing this topic and takes note of the Commission's recommendation of the draft articles to the General 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also takes note of the Commission's recommendation of the elaboration at an appropriate time of a convention on the basis of the draft 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Kingdom of the Netherlands can support a discussion of the topic in the Sixth Committee of the General Assembly during the 82nd session in 2027.","start":1246.19,"end":1256.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1246.19,"end":1246.31},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1246.35,"end":1246.67},{"text":"of","start":1246.67,"end":1246.75},{"text":"the","start":1246.75,"end":1246.87},{"text":"Netherlands","start":1246.87,"end":1247.31},{"text":"can","start":1247.31,"end":1247.47},{"text":"support","start":1247.47,"end":1248.03},{"text":"a","start":1248.19,"end":1248.23},{"text":"discussion","start":1248.23,"end":1248.87},{"text":"of","start":1248.87,"end":1248.99},{"text":"the","start":1248.99,"end":1249.07},{"text":"topic","start":1249.07,"end":1249.47},{"text":"in","start":1249.47,"end":1249.55},{"text":"the","start":1249.55,"end":1249.63},{"text":"Sixth","start":1249.63,"end":1249.95},{"text":"Committee","start":1249.95,"end":1250.39},{"text":"of","start":1250.39,"end":1250.51},{"text":"the","start":1250.51,"end":1250.63},{"text":"General","start":1250.63,"end":1250.95},{"text":"Assembly","start":1250.95,"end":1251.47},{"text":"during","start":1251.87,"end":1252.35},{"text":"the","start":1252.43,"end":1252.55},{"text":"82nd","start":1252.91,"end":1254.11},{"text":"session","start":1254.27,"end":1254.91},{"text":"in","start":1254.91,"end":1255.07},{"text":"2027.","start":1255.07,"end":1256.11}]},{"text":"while we note that there should be sufficient room for adjustments of the draft articles if it is decided to take this topic 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for the topic general principles of law, the Kingdom of the Netherlands would like to congratulate the Special Rapporteur and the Commission for the conclusion of the work on this topic.","start":1266.51,"end":1276.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":1266.51,"end":1266.83},{"text":"for","start":1266.83,"end":1267.07},{"text":"the","start":1267.07,"end":1267.15},{"text":"topic","start":1267.15,"end":1267.63},{"text":"general","start":1267.63,"end":1267.95},{"text":"principles","start":1267.95,"end":1268.43},{"text":"of","start":1268.43,"end":1268.59},{"text":"law,","start":1269.23,"end":1269.71},{"text":"the","start":1269.71,"end":1269.87},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1269.87,"end":1270.35},{"text":"of","start":1270.43,"end":1270.67},{"text":"the","start":1270.67,"end":1270.83},{"text":"Netherlands","start":1270.83,"end":1271.31},{"text":"would","start":1271.31,"end":1271.47},{"text":"like","start":1271.47,"end":1271.63},{"text":"to","start":1271.63,"end":1271.75},{"text":"congratulate","start":1271.75,"end":1272.51},{"text":"the","start":1272.51,"end":1272.59},{"text":"Special","start":1272.59,"end":1272.99},{"text":"Rapporteur","start":1272.99,"end":1273.63},{"text":"and","start":1273.63,"end":1273.75},{"text":"the","start":1273.75,"end":1273.83},{"text":"Commission","start":1273.83,"end":1274.35},{"text":"for","start":1274.35,"end":1274.47},{"text":"the","start":1274.47,"end":1274.55},{"text":"conclusion","start":1274.55,"end":1275.23},{"text":"of","start":1275.23,"end":1275.39},{"text":"the","start":1275.39,"end":1275.47},{"text":"work","start":1275.47,"end":1275.71},{"text":"on","start":1275.71,"end":1275.83},{"text":"this","start":1275.83,"end":1276.03},{"text":"topic.","start":1276.03,"end":1276.43}]},{"text":"My delegation welcomes the adoption by the Commission of the 12 draft conclusions, together with the commentaries thereto, on second reading.","start":1276.99,"end":1284.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1276.99,"end":1277.15},{"text":"delegation","start":1277.15,"end":1277.87},{"text":"welcomes","start":1277.87,"end":1278.35},{"text":"the","start":1278.39,"end":1278.47},{"text":"adoption","start":1278.47,"end":1278.91},{"text":"by","start":1278.91,"end":1279.03},{"text":"the","start":1279.03,"end":1279.11},{"text":"Commission","start":1279.15,"end":1279.67},{"text":"of","start":1279.67,"end":1279.79},{"text":"the","start":1279.79,"end":1279.91},{"text":"12","start":1279.91,"end":1280.27},{"text":"draft","start":1280.27,"end":1280.59},{"text":"conclusions,","start":1280.59,"end":1281.31},{"text":"together","start":1281.63,"end":1282.03},{"text":"with","start":1282.03,"end":1282.23},{"text":"the","start":1282.23,"end":1282.35},{"text":"commentaries","start":1282.35,"end":1283.03},{"text":"thereto,","start":1283.03,"end":1283.55},{"text":"on","start":1283.79,"end":1283.95},{"text":"second","start":1283.95,"end":1284.35},{"text":"reading.","start":1284.35,"end":1284.83}]},{"text":"We also take note of the Commission’s recommendation that the General Assembly takes note of the draft conclusions in a resolution, ensure their widest dissemination, and commend the draft conclusions.","start":1285.19,"end":1297.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1285.19,"end":1285.51},{"text":"also","start":1285.51,"end":1286.07},{"text":"take","start":1286.07,"end":1286.31},{"text":"note","start":1286.31,"end":1286.59},{"text":"of","start":1286.59,"end":1286.71},{"text":"the","start":1286.71,"end":1286.79},{"text":"Commission’s","start":1286.79,"end":1287.35},{"text":"recommendation","start":1287.35,"end":1288.15},{"text":"that","start":1288.15,"end":1288.39},{"text":"the","start":1288.39,"end":1288.47},{"text":"General","start":1288.47,"end":1288.83},{"text":"Assembly","start":1288.83,"end":1289.27},{"text":"takes","start":1289.27,"end":1289.75},{"text":"note","start":1289.91,"end":1290.27},{"text":"of","start":1290.27,"end":1290.39},{"text":"the","start":1290.39,"end":1290.51},{"text":"draft","start":1290.51,"end":1290.79},{"text":"conclusions","start":1290.79,"end":1291.43},{"text":"in","start":1291.67,"end":1291.83},{"text":"a","start":1291.91,"end":1291.95},{"text":"resolution,","start":1291.95,"end":1292.71},{"text":"ensure","start":1293.07,"end":1293.51},{"text":"their","start":1293.51,"end":1293.67},{"text":"widest","start":1293.67,"end":1294.11},{"text":"dissemination,","start":1294.11,"end":1295.03},{"text":"and","start":1295.27,"end":1295.43},{"text":"commend","start":1295.43,"end":1295.87},{"text":"the","start":1295.87,"end":1295.99},{"text":"draft","start":1295.99,"end":1297.15},{"text":"conclusions.","start":1297.15,"end":1297.91}]},{"text":"My delegation appreciates the extensive range of examples of general principles of law provided in the commentaries.","start":1299.03,"end":1305.19,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1299.03,"end":1299.27},{"text":"delegation","start":1299.27,"end":1299.95},{"text":"appreciates","start":1299.95,"end":1300.59},{"text":"the","start":1300.59,"end":1300.67},{"text":"extensive","start":1300.67,"end":1301.27},{"text":"range","start":1301.27,"end":1301.55},{"text":"of","start":1301.55,"end":1301.63},{"text":"examples","start":1301.63,"end":1302.15},{"text":"of","start":1302.15,"end":1302.23},{"text":"general","start":1302.23,"end":1302.55},{"text":"principles","start":1302.55,"end":1303.11},{"text":"of","start":1303.11,"end":1303.27},{"text":"law","start":1303.27,"end":1303.59},{"text":"provided","start":1303.59,"end":1304.15},{"text":"in","start":1304.15,"end":1304.27},{"text":"the","start":1304.27,"end":1304.35},{"text":"commentaries.","start":1304.35,"end":1305.19}]},{"text":"However, we would have welcomed further clarification on a number of issues.","start":1305.39,"end":1309.75,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":1305.39,"end":1305.95},{"text":"we","start":1305.95,"end":1306.07},{"text":"would","start":1306.07,"end":1306.19},{"text":"have","start":1306.19,"end":1306.39},{"text":"welcomed","start":1306.39,"end":1306.83},{"text":"further","start":1306.83,"end":1307.15},{"text":"clarification","start":1307.15,"end":1308.07},{"text":"on","start":1308.43,"end":1308.51},{"text":"a","start":1308.51,"end":1308.55},{"text":"number","start":1308.55,"end":1308.99},{"text":"of","start":1308.99,"end":1309.15},{"text":"issues.","start":1309.15,"end":1309.75}]},{"text":"This includes the methodology, on the identification of principles as general principles of law formed within the international legal system.","start":1310.31,"end":1319.07,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1310.31,"end":1310.55},{"text":"includes","start":1310.55,"end":1311.11},{"text":"the","start":1311.11,"end":1311.19},{"text":"methodology,","start":1311.19,"end":1312.07},{"text":"on","start":1312.59,"end":1312.71},{"text":"the","start":1312.71,"end":1312.79},{"text":"identification","start":1312.79,"end":1313.71},{"text":"of","start":1313.71,"end":1313.79},{"text":"principles","start":1313.79,"end":1314.51},{"text":"as","start":1314.51,"end":1314.99},{"text":"general","start":1314.99,"end":1315.39},{"text":"principles","start":1315.39,"end":1316.03},{"text":"of","start":1316.03,"end":1316.19},{"text":"law","start":1316.19,"end":1316.43},{"text":"formed","start":1316.43,"end":1316.91},{"text":"within","start":1316.91,"end":1317.39},{"text":"the","start":1317.39,"end":1317.47},{"text":"international","start":1317.47,"end":1318.15},{"text":"legal","start":1318.15,"end":1318.43},{"text":"system.","start":1318.43,"end":1319.07}]},{"text":"In particular, we note the use of the term \"intrinsic\" in the Commentary to Conclusion 7.","start":1320.43,"end":1326.27,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1320.43,"end":1320.59},{"text":"particular,","start":1320.59,"end":1321.35},{"text":"we","start":1321.35,"end":1321.47},{"text":"note","start":1321.47,"end":1321.95},{"text":"the","start":1321.95,"end":1322.07},{"text":"use","start":1322.07,"end":1322.43},{"text":"of","start":1322.43,"end":1322.59},{"text":"the","start":1322.59,"end":1322.67},{"text":"term","start":1322.67,"end":1323.23},{"text":"\"intrinsic\"","start":1323.47,"end":1324.19},{"text":"in","start":1324.19,"end":1324.35},{"text":"the","start":1324.35,"end":1324.43},{"text":"Commentary","start":1324.43,"end":1324.99},{"text":"to","start":1324.99,"end":1325.15},{"text":"Conclusion","start":1325.15,"end":1325.71},{"text":"7.","start":1325.71,"end":1326.27}]},{"text":"My Government understands that the term conveys that the principle reflects and regulates the basic features of the international legal system.","start":1326.83,"end":1334.43,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1326.83,"end":1327.07},{"text":"Government","start":1327.07,"end":1327.59},{"text":"understands","start":1327.59,"end":1328.19},{"text":"that","start":1328.19,"end":1328.51},{"text":"the","start":1328.51,"end":1328.59},{"text":"term","start":1328.59,"end":1328.91},{"text":"conveys","start":1328.91,"end":1329.47},{"text":"that","start":1329.47,"end":1329.71},{"text":"the","start":1329.71,"end":1329.79},{"text":"principle","start":1329.79,"end":1330.35},{"text":"reflects","start":1330.35,"end":1330.91},{"text":"and","start":1330.91,"end":1331.07},{"text":"regulates","start":1331.07,"end":1331.63},{"text":"the","start":1331.63,"end":1331.71},{"text":"basic","start":1331.71,"end":1332.19},{"text":"features","start":1332.19,"end":1332.75},{"text":"of","start":1332.75,"end":1332.91},{"text":"the","start":1332.91,"end":1332.99},{"text":"international","start":1332.99,"end":1333.67},{"text":"legal","start":1333.67,"end":1333.95},{"text":"system.","start":1333.95,"end":1334.43}]},{"text":"Still, it remains somewhat unclear what its precise meaning is and why it would be of decisive significance in the methodology of identifying general principles of international law formed within the international legal system.","start":1334.95,"end":1350.39,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Still,","start":1334.95,"end":1335.43},{"text":"it","start":1335.43,"end":1335.59},{"text":"remains","start":1335.59,"end":1336.11},{"text":"somewhat","start":1336.11,"end":1336.67},{"text":"unclear","start":1336.67,"end":1337.43},{"text":"what","start":1337.75,"end":1338.07},{"text":"its","start":1338.07,"end":1338.31},{"text":"precise","start":1338.31,"end":1338.87},{"text":"meaning","start":1338.87,"end":1339.27},{"text":"is","start":1339.27,"end":1339.59},{"text":"and","start":1339.67,"end":1340.07},{"text":"why","start":1340.07,"end":1340.43},{"text":"it","start":1340.43,"end":1340.55},{"text":"would","start":1340.55,"end":1340.79},{"text":"be","start":1340.79,"end":1340.99},{"text":"of","start":1340.99,"end":1341.11},{"text":"decisive","start":1341.11,"end":1341.95},{"text":"significance","start":1341.95,"end":1342.79},{"text":"in","start":1343.19,"end":1343.39},{"text":"the","start":1343.39,"end":1343.47},{"text":"methodology","start":1343.47,"end":1344.31},{"text":"of","start":1344.31,"end":1344.39},{"text":"identifying","start":1344.39,"end":1345.27},{"text":"general","start":1345.51,"end":1345.87},{"text":"principles","start":1345.87,"end":1346.47},{"text":"of","start":1346.47,"end":1346.63},{"text":"international","start":1346.63,"end":1347.51},{"text":"law","start":1347.51,"end":1347.59},{"text":"formed","start":1347.59,"end":1348.07},{"text":"within","start":1348.07,"end":1348.55},{"text":"the","start":1348.55,"end":1348.67},{"text":"international","start":1348.71,"end":1349.67},{"text":"legal","start":1349.67,"end":1349.91},{"text":"system.","start":1349.91,"end":1350.39}]},{"text":"This question is particularly relevant in relation to the examples of thematic or subject-specific principles discussed in the Commentary.","start":1351.19,"end":1359.03,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1351.19,"end":1351.35},{"text":"question","start":1351.35,"end":1351.83},{"text":"is","start":1351.83,"end":1351.99},{"text":"particularly","start":1351.99,"end":1352.63},{"text":"relevant","start":1352.63,"end":1353.27},{"text":"in","start":1353.27,"end":1353.35},{"text":"relation","start":1353.35,"end":1353.91},{"text":"to","start":1353.91,"end":1353.99},{"text":"the","start":1353.99,"end":1354.07},{"text":"examples","start":1354.07,"end":1354.71},{"text":"of","start":1354.71,"end":1354.95},{"text":"thematic","start":1355.39,"end":1355.91},{"text":"or","start":1355.91,"end":1356.07},{"text":"subject-specific","start":1356.07,"end":1357.11},{"text":"principles","start":1357.11,"end":1357.71},{"text":"discussed","start":1357.71,"end":1358.19},{"text":"in","start":1358.19,"end":1358.31},{"text":"the","start":1358.31,"end":1358.39},{"text":"Commentary.","start":1358.39,"end":1359.03}]},{"text":"Principles such as sustainable development and intergenerational equity are closely associated with the field of international environmental law, for which they are important.","start":1359.59,"end":1369.91,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Principles","start":1359.59,"end":1360.27},{"text":"such","start":1360.27,"end":1360.67},{"text":"as","start":1360.67,"end":1360.75},{"text":"sustainable","start":1360.75,"end":1361.39},{"text":"development","start":1361.39,"end":1362.15},{"text":"and","start":1362.15,"end":1362.39},{"text":"intergenerational","start":1362.39,"end":1363.35},{"text":"equity","start":1363.35,"end":1363.99},{"text":"are","start":1364.63,"end":1364.79},{"text":"closely","start":1364.79,"end":1365.31},{"text":"associated","start":1365.31,"end":1366.11},{"text":"with","start":1366.11,"end":1366.27},{"text":"the","start":1366.27,"end":1366.39},{"text":"field","start":1366.39,"end":1366.75},{"text":"of","start":1366.75,"end":1366.87},{"text":"international","start":1366.87,"end":1367.51},{"text":"environmental","start":1367.51,"end":1368.35},{"text":"law,","start":1368.35,"end":1368.43},{"text":"for","start":1368.43,"end":1368.67},{"text":"which","start":1368.67,"end":1368.87},{"text":"they","start":1368.87,"end":1369.11},{"text":"are","start":1369.11,"end":1369.27},{"text":"important.","start":1369.27,"end":1369.91}]},{"text":"The Kingdom of the Netherlands would therefore have appreciated further clarification as to why it is concluded that such principles reflect or regulate the basic features of the international legal system as a whole, rather than primarily reflecting the particular characteristics and objectives of a specific branch of international law.","start":1370.47,"end":1389.87,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1370.47,"end":1370.59},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1370.59,"end":1370.95},{"text":"of","start":1370.95,"end":1371.03},{"text":"the","start":1371.03,"end":1371.11},{"text":"Netherlands","start":1371.11,"end":1371.55},{"text":"would","start":1371.55,"end":1371.71},{"text":"therefore","start":1371.71,"end":1372.07},{"text":"have","start":1372.07,"end":1372.31},{"text":"appreciated","start":1372.31,"end":1372.95},{"text":"further","start":1372.95,"end":1373.27},{"text":"clarification","start":1373.27,"end":1374.23},{"text":"as","start":1374.71,"end":1374.99},{"text":"to","start":1375.03,"end":1375.27},{"text":"why","start":1375.27,"end":1375.59},{"text":"it","start":1375.59,"end":1375.71},{"text":"is","start":1375.71,"end":1375.83},{"text":"concluded","start":1375.83,"end":1376.47},{"text":"that","start":1376.47,"end":1376.63},{"text":"such","start":1376.63,"end":1377.11},{"text":"principles","start":1377.19,"end":1377.83},{"text":"reflect","start":1377.83,"end":1378.39},{"text":"or","start":1378.39,"end":1378.51},{"text":"regulate","start":1378.51,"end":1379.19},{"text":"the","start":1379.51,"end":1379.59},{"text":"basic","start":1379.59,"end":1380.03},{"text":"features","start":1380.03,"end":1380.47},{"text":"of","start":1380.47,"end":1380.63},{"text":"the","start":1380.63,"end":1380.71},{"text":"international","start":1380.71,"end":1381.39},{"text":"legal","start":1381.39,"end":1381.67},{"text":"system","start":1381.67,"end":1382.07},{"text":"as","start":1382.07,"end":1382.23},{"text":"a","start":1382.23,"end":1382.31},{"text":"whole,","start":1382.31,"end":1382.79},{"text":"rather","start":1383.11,"end":1383.51},{"text":"than","start":1383.51,"end":1383.67},{"text":"primarily","start":1383.67,"end":1384.47},{"text":"reflecting","start":1384.47,"end":1385.11},{"text":"the","start":1385.11,"end":1385.19},{"text":"particular","start":1385.19,"end":1385.83},{"text":"characteristics","start":1385.83,"end":1386.79},{"text":"and","start":1386.79,"end":1386.91},{"text":"objectives","start":1386.91,"end":1387.51},{"text":"of","start":1387.51,"end":1387.67},{"text":"a","start":1387.67,"end":1387.75},{"text":"specific","start":1387.75,"end":1388.31},{"text":"branch","start":1388.39,"end":1388.79},{"text":"of","start":1388.79,"end":1388.95},{"text":"international","start":1388.95,"end":1389.79},{"text":"law.","start":1389.79,"end":1389.87}]},{"text":"My delegation is further of the view that such thematic or subject-specific principles may indeed constitute an important and established part of the law applicable within particular branches of international law.","start":1390.71,"end":1403.43,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1390.71,"end":1390.95},{"text":"delegation","start":1390.95,"end":1391.59},{"text":"is","start":1391.59,"end":1391.83},{"text":"further","start":1391.83,"end":1392.19},{"text":"of","start":1392.19,"end":1392.31},{"text":"the","start":1392.31,"end":1392.39},{"text":"view","start":1392.39,"end":1392.79},{"text":"that","start":1392.79,"end":1392.95},{"text":"such","start":1392.95,"end":1393.35},{"text":"thematic","start":1393.47,"end":1393.95},{"text":"or","start":1393.95,"end":1394.07},{"text":"subject-specific","start":1394.07,"end":1395.27},{"text":"principles","start":1395.27,"end":1395.91},{"text":"may","start":1396.23,"end":1396.55},{"text":"indeed","start":1396.55,"end":1396.87},{"text":"constitute","start":1396.87,"end":1397.55},{"text":"an","start":1397.55,"end":1397.67},{"text":"important","start":1397.67,"end":1398.31},{"text":"and","start":1398.31,"end":1398.51},{"text":"established","start":1398.51,"end":1399.03},{"text":"part","start":1399.03,"end":1399.31},{"text":"of","start":1399.31,"end":1399.43},{"text":"the","start":1399.43,"end":1399.51},{"text":"law","start":1399.51,"end":1399.91},{"text":"applicable","start":1400.15,"end":1400.79},{"text":"within","start":1400.79,"end":1401.27},{"text":"particular","start":1401.27,"end":1401.79},{"text":"branches","start":1401.79,"end":1402.31},{"text":"of","start":1402.31,"end":1402.55},{"text":"international","start":1402.55,"end":1403.31},{"text":"law.","start":1403.31,"end":1403.43}]},{"text":"As a seafaring nation with a long-standing maritime tradition, my Government considers freedom of navigation to be an established general principle of the law of the sea.","start":1404.95,"end":1415.23,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":1404.95,"end":1405.11},{"text":"a","start":1405.11,"end":1405.15},{"text":"seafaring","start":1405.15,"end":1405.83},{"text":"nation","start":1405.83,"end":1406.47},{"text":"with","start":1406.79,"end":1407.03},{"text":"a","start":1407.03,"end":1407.11},{"text":"long-standing","start":1407.11,"end":1408.07},{"text":"maritime","start":1408.07,"end":1408.55},{"text":"tradition,","start":1408.55,"end":1409.27},{"text":"my","start":1409.27,"end":1409.51},{"text":"Government","start":1409.51,"end":1410.03},{"text":"considers","start":1410.03,"end":1410.55},{"text":"freedom","start":1410.55,"end":1410.87},{"text":"of","start":1410.87,"end":1411.03},{"text":"navigation","start":1411.03,"end":1411.83},{"text":"to","start":1412.15,"end":1412.27},{"text":"be","start":1412.27,"end":1412.43},{"text":"an","start":1412.43,"end":1412.55},{"text":"established","start":1412.55,"end":1413.11},{"text":"general","start":1413.11,"end":1413.51},{"text":"principle","start":1413.51,"end":1414.03},{"text":"of","start":1414.03,"end":1414.15},{"text":"the","start":1414.15,"end":1414.23},{"text":"law","start":1414.23,"end":1414.59},{"text":"of","start":1414.59,"end":1414.71},{"text":"the","start":1414.71,"end":1414.83},{"text":"sea.","start":1414.83,"end":1415.23}]},{"text":"a few that we have applied in practice and highlighted in our submissions to the Commission.","start":1415.55,"end":1420.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"a","start":1415.55,"end":1415.63},{"text":"few","start":1415.63,"end":1416.03},{"text":"that","start":1416.03,"end":1416.27},{"text":"we","start":1416.27,"end":1416.39},{"text":"have","start":1416.39,"end":1416.59},{"text":"applied","start":1416.59,"end":1417.15},{"text":"in","start":1417.15,"end":1417.27},{"text":"practice","start":1417.27,"end":1417.83},{"text":"and","start":1417.83,"end":1417.99},{"text":"highlighted","start":1417.99,"end":1418.63},{"text":"in","start":1418.63,"end":1418.75},{"text":"our","start":1418.75,"end":1418.99},{"text":"submissions","start":1418.99,"end":1419.79},{"text":"to","start":1419.95,"end":1420.19},{"text":"the","start":1420.27,"end":1420.39},{"text":"Commission.","start":1420.43,"end":1420.99}]},{"text":"The Kingdom of the Netherlands looks forward to seeing how the ILC's conclusions and commentaries thereto will influence and contribute to the application of the general principles in the practice of states and by international courts and tribunals.","start":1421.55,"end":1435.39,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1421.55,"end":1421.63},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1421.63,"end":1421.95},{"text":"of","start":1421.95,"end":1422.03},{"text":"the","start":1422.03,"end":1422.11},{"text":"Netherlands","start":1422.11,"end":1422.67},{"text":"looks","start":1422.67,"end":1422.91},{"text":"forward","start":1422.91,"end":1423.47},{"text":"to","start":1423.87,"end":1424.03},{"text":"seeing","start":1424.03,"end":1424.43},{"text":"how","start":1424.43,"end":1424.67},{"text":"the","start":1424.71,"end":1424.79},{"text":"ILC's","start":1424.79,"end":1425.43},{"text":"conclusions","start":1425.43,"end":1426.03},{"text":"and","start":1426.03,"end":1426.15},{"text":"commentaries","start":1426.15,"end":1426.75},{"text":"thereto","start":1426.75,"end":1427.31},{"text":"will","start":1427.31,"end":1427.55},{"text":"influence","start":1427.55,"end":1428.15},{"text":"and","start":1428.15,"end":1428.27},{"text":"contribute","start":1428.27,"end":1428.87},{"text":"to","start":1428.87,"end":1428.99},{"text":"the","start":1428.99,"end":1429.11},{"text":"application","start":1429.11,"end":1429.79},{"text":"of","start":1429.79,"end":1429.87},{"text":"the","start":1429.87,"end":1429.99},{"text":"general","start":1429.99,"end":1430.35},{"text":"principles","start":1430.35,"end":1430.99},{"text":"in","start":1431.63,"end":1431.83},{"text":"the","start":1431.83,"end":1431.91},{"text":"practice","start":1431.91,"end":1432.35},{"text":"of","start":1432.35,"end":1432.43},{"text":"states","start":1432.43,"end":1432.99},{"text":"and","start":1432.99,"end":1433.23},{"text":"by","start":1433.23,"end":1433.39},{"text":"international","start":1433.39,"end":1434.03},{"text":"courts","start":1434.03,"end":1434.43},{"text":"and","start":1434.43,"end":1434.67},{"text":"tribunals.","start":1434.67,"end":1435.39}]},{"text":"Chair, I will now turn to the topic \"Other decisions and conclusions\".","start":1436.27,"end":1440.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":1436.27,"end":1436.75},{"text":"I","start":1436.75,"end":1436.83},{"text":"will","start":1436.83,"end":1436.99},{"text":"now","start":1436.99,"end":1437.15},{"text":"turn","start":1437.15,"end":1437.47},{"text":"to","start":1437.47,"end":1437.59},{"text":"the","start":1437.59,"end":1437.67},{"text":"topic","start":1437.67,"end":1438.11},{"text":"\"Other","start":1438.11,"end":1438.39},{"text":"decisions","start":1438.39,"end":1438.99},{"text":"and","start":1438.99,"end":1439.19},{"text":"conclusions\".","start":1439.19,"end":1440.19}]},{"text":"My Government welcomes the decision to take up the topic of identification and legal consequences of obligations erga omnes in international law.","start":1440.59,"end":1448.55,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Several delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, State responsibility, and countermeasures taken in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1440.59,"end":1440.75},{"text":"Government","start":1440.75,"end":1441.23},{"text":"welcomes","start":1441.23,"end":1441.75},{"text":"the","start":1441.75,"end":1441.87},{"text":"decision","start":1441.87,"end":1442.35},{"text":"to","start":1442.35,"end":1442.55},{"text":"take","start":1442.55,"end":1442.75},{"text":"up","start":1442.75,"end":1442.91},{"text":"the","start":1442.91,"end":1443.03},{"text":"topic","start":1443.03,"end":1443.43},{"text":"of","start":1443.43,"end":1443.55},{"text":"identification","start":1443.55,"end":1444.43},{"text":"and","start":1444.43,"end":1444.59},{"text":"legal","start":1444.59,"end":1444.83},{"text":"consequences","start":1444.83,"end":1445.71},{"text":"of","start":1445.71,"end":1445.87},{"text":"obligations","start":1445.87,"end":1446.59},{"text":"erga","start":1446.59,"end":1446.83},{"text":"omnes","start":1446.83,"end":1447.39},{"text":"in","start":1447.39,"end":1447.51},{"text":"international","start":1447.51,"end":1448.47},{"text":"law.","start":1448.47,"end":1448.55}]},{"text":"For consideration by the Commission, we would like to make some preliminary comments on this topic.","start":1449.07,"end":1454.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":1449.07,"end":1449.31},{"text":"consideration","start":1449.31,"end":1450.11},{"text":"by","start":1450.11,"end":1450.27},{"text":"the","start":1450.27,"end":1450.35},{"text":"Commission,","start":1450.35,"end":1450.99},{"text":"we","start":1451.31,"end":1451.43},{"text":"would","start":1451.43,"end":1451.59},{"text":"like","start":1451.59,"end":1451.79},{"text":"to","start":1451.79,"end":1451.91},{"text":"make","start":1451.91,"end":1452.11},{"text":"some","start":1452.11,"end":1452.35},{"text":"preliminary","start":1452.35,"end":1452.91},{"text":"comments","start":1452.91,"end":1453.39},{"text":"on","start":1453.39,"end":1453.55},{"text":"this","start":1453.55,"end":1453.71},{"text":"topic.","start":1453.71,"end":1454.27}]},{"text":"First, my Government considers it important to distinguish between the normative hierarchical status of a norm and the scope ratione personae of the norm's application.","start":1454.59,"end":1466.19,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Several delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, State responsibility, and countermeasures taken in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":1454.59,"end":1454.99},{"text":"my","start":1454.99,"end":1455.15},{"text":"Government","start":1455.15,"end":1455.63},{"text":"considers","start":1455.63,"end":1456.35},{"text":"it","start":1456.67,"end":1456.83},{"text":"important","start":1456.83,"end":1457.43},{"text":"to","start":1457.43,"end":1457.51},{"text":"distinguish","start":1457.51,"end":1458.15},{"text":"between","start":1458.15,"end":1458.91},{"text":"the","start":1458.91,"end":1458.99},{"text":"normative","start":1459.23,"end":1459.79},{"text":"hierarchical","start":1459.79,"end":1460.59},{"text":"status","start":1460.83,"end":1461.35},{"text":"of","start":1461.35,"end":1461.47},{"text":"a","start":1461.47,"end":1461.55},{"text":"norm","start":1461.55,"end":1461.87},{"text":"and","start":1461.87,"end":1462.03},{"text":"the","start":1462.03,"end":1462.11},{"text":"scope","start":1462.11,"end":1462.47},{"text":"ratione","start":1462.47,"end":1463.07},{"text":"personae","start":1463.07,"end":1463.87},{"text":"of","start":1464.43,"end":1464.59},{"text":"the","start":1464.59,"end":1464.75},{"text":"norm's","start":1464.91,"end":1465.31},{"text":"application.","start":1465.31,"end":1466.19}]},{"text":"While all peremptory norms apply erga omnes, not all obligations erga omnes are peremptory norms.","start":1466.55,"end":1473.71,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Several delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, State responsibility, and countermeasures taken in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":1466.55,"end":1466.83},{"text":"all","start":1466.87,"end":1467.07},{"text":"peremptory","start":1467.07,"end":1467.67},{"text":"norms","start":1467.67,"end":1468.43},{"text":"apply","start":1468.55,"end":1469.15},{"text":"erga","start":1469.15,"end":1469.39},{"text":"omnes,","start":1469.39,"end":1470.03},{"text":"not","start":1470.27,"end":1470.51},{"text":"all","start":1470.51,"end":1470.79},{"text":"obligations","start":1470.79,"end":1471.47},{"text":"erga","start":1471.55,"end":1471.71},{"text":"omnes","start":1471.71,"end":1472.27},{"text":"are","start":1472.27,"end":1472.51},{"text":"peremptory","start":1472.51,"end":1473.07},{"text":"norms.","start":1473.07,"end":1473.71}]},{"text":"The legal consequences applicable to breaches of peremptory norms can therefore not be equated to the legal consequences of obligations erga omnes.","start":1474.11,"end":1482.43,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Several delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, State responsibility, and countermeasures taken in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1474.11,"end":1474.23},{"text":"legal","start":1474.23,"end":1474.51},{"text":"consequences","start":1474.51,"end":1475.31},{"text":"applicable","start":1475.35,"end":1475.87},{"text":"to","start":1475.87,"end":1476.03},{"text":"breaches","start":1476.03,"end":1476.43},{"text":"of","start":1476.43,"end":1476.51},{"text":"peremptory","start":1476.51,"end":1477.07},{"text":"norms","start":1477.07,"end":1477.55},{"text":"can","start":1477.55,"end":1477.71},{"text":"therefore","start":1477.71,"end":1478.11},{"text":"not","start":1478.11,"end":1478.27},{"text":"be","start":1478.27,"end":1478.47},{"text":"equated","start":1478.47,"end":1479.03},{"text":"to","start":1479.31,"end":1479.47},{"text":"the","start":1479.47,"end":1479.55},{"text":"legal","start":1479.55,"end":1479.87},{"text":"consequences","start":1479.87,"end":1480.67},{"text":"of","start":1480.67,"end":1480.83},{"text":"obligations","start":1480.83,"end":1481.55},{"text":"erga","start":1481.63,"end":1481.79},{"text":"omnes.","start":1481.79,"end":1482.43}]},{"text":"Those legal consequences are different in important ways, most pertinently with respect to obligations as a consequence of a breach.","start":1482.75,"end":1490.99,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Several delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, State responsibility, and countermeasures taken in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"Those","start":1482.75,"end":1483.07},{"text":"legal","start":1483.07,"end":1483.31},{"text":"consequences","start":1483.31,"end":1484.07},{"text":"are","start":1484.07,"end":1484.19},{"text":"different","start":1484.19,"end":1484.67},{"text":"in","start":1484.67,"end":1484.79},{"text":"important","start":1484.79,"end":1485.35},{"text":"ways,","start":1485.35,"end":1485.87},{"text":"most","start":1486.27,"end":1486.55},{"text":"pertinently","start":1486.55,"end":1487.31},{"text":"with","start":1487.31,"end":1487.51},{"text":"respect","start":1487.51,"end":1487.99},{"text":"to","start":1487.99,"end":1488.07},{"text":"obligations","start":1488.07,"end":1488.91},{"text":"as","start":1489.23,"end":1489.39},{"text":"a","start":1489.39,"end":1489.47},{"text":"consequence","start":1489.47,"end":1490.15},{"text":"of","start":1490.23,"end":1490.35},{"text":"a","start":1490.35,"end":1490.43},{"text":"breach.","start":1490.43,"end":1490.99}]},{"text":"In this sense, Article 41 of the Articles on State Responsibility prescribes the legal consequences of serious breaches of a peremptory norm.","start":1491.83,"end":1500.79,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Several delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, State responsibility, and countermeasures taken in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1491.83,"end":1491.99},{"text":"this","start":1491.99,"end":1492.27},{"text":"sense,","start":1492.27,"end":1492.71},{"text":"Article","start":1492.71,"end":1493.19},{"text":"41","start":1493.19,"end":1493.83},{"text":"of","start":1493.83,"end":1493.99},{"text":"the","start":1493.99,"end":1494.11},{"text":"Articles","start":1494.15,"end":1494.71},{"text":"on","start":1494.71,"end":1494.79},{"text":"State","start":1494.79,"end":1495.11},{"text":"Responsibility","start":1495.11,"end":1496.15},{"text":"prescribes","start":1496.55,"end":1497.23},{"text":"the","start":1497.27,"end":1497.35},{"text":"legal","start":1497.35,"end":1497.71},{"text":"consequences","start":1497.71,"end":1498.43},{"text":"of","start":1498.43,"end":1498.55},{"text":"serious","start":1498.55,"end":1499.03},{"text":"breaches","start":1499.03,"end":1499.43},{"text":"of","start":1499.47,"end":1499.59},{"text":"a","start":1499.59,"end":1499.67},{"text":"peremptory","start":1499.67,"end":1500.31},{"text":"norm.","start":1500.31,"end":1500.79}]},{"text":"These consequences follow from the peremptory nature of the norm breached, not because it applies erga omnes.","start":1501.19,"end":1507.51,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Several delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, State responsibility, and countermeasures taken in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":1501.19,"end":1501.51},{"text":"consequences","start":1501.51,"end":1502.31},{"text":"follow","start":1502.31,"end":1502.63},{"text":"from","start":1502.63,"end":1502.87},{"text":"the","start":1502.87,"end":1502.95},{"text":"peremptory","start":1502.95,"end":1503.55},{"text":"nature","start":1503.55,"end":1504.03},{"text":"of","start":1504.03,"end":1504.19},{"text":"the","start":1504.19,"end":1504.27},{"text":"norm","start":1504.27,"end":1504.59},{"text":"breached,","start":1504.59,"end":1505.03},{"text":"not","start":1505.35,"end":1505.59},{"text":"because","start":1505.59,"end":1505.95},{"text":"it","start":1505.95,"end":1506.15},{"text":"applies","start":1506.15,"end":1506.63},{"text":"erga","start":1506.63,"end":1506.87},{"text":"omnes.","start":1506.87,"end":1507.51}]},{"text":"The erga omnes application entitles rather than obliges States to act, whereas the peremptory norm nature of the norm obliges States to act.","start":1507.83,"end":1517.35,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Several delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, State responsibility, and countermeasures taken in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1507.83,"end":1508.03},{"text":"erga","start":1508.07,"end":1508.31},{"text":"omnes","start":1508.31,"end":1508.75},{"text":"application","start":1508.75,"end":1509.59},{"text":"entitles","start":1509.87,"end":1510.71},{"text":"rather","start":1510.71,"end":1511.03},{"text":"than","start":1511.03,"end":1511.27},{"text":"obliges","start":1511.27,"end":1511.95},{"text":"States","start":1511.95,"end":1512.31},{"text":"to","start":1512.31,"end":1512.47},{"text":"act,","start":1512.47,"end":1512.79},{"text":"whereas","start":1512.79,"end":1513.15},{"text":"the","start":1513.15,"end":1513.23},{"text":"peremptory","start":1513.23,"end":1513.91},{"text":"norm","start":1513.91,"end":1514.19},{"text":"nature","start":1514.19,"end":1514.63},{"text":"of","start":1514.63,"end":1514.79},{"text":"the","start":1514.79,"end":1514.87},{"text":"norm","start":1514.87,"end":1515.27},{"text":"obliges","start":1515.75,"end":1516.43},{"text":"States","start":1516.43,"end":1516.87},{"text":"to","start":1516.87,"end":1517.03},{"text":"act.","start":1517.11,"end":1517.35}]},{"text":"Chair, one of the entitlements flowing from erga omnes obligation is the right to take countermeasures in the collective interest.","start":1518.19,"end":1525.39,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Several delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, State responsibility, and countermeasures taken in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":1518.19,"end":1518.51},{"text":"one","start":1518.51,"end":1518.71},{"text":"of","start":1518.71,"end":1518.83},{"text":"the","start":1518.83,"end":1518.95},{"text":"entitlements","start":1519.27,"end":1520.19},{"text":"flowing","start":1520.19,"end":1520.59},{"text":"from","start":1520.59,"end":1520.91},{"text":"erga","start":1521.15,"end":1521.31},{"text":"omnes","start":1521.31,"end":1521.63},{"text":"obligation","start":1521.63,"end":1522.43},{"text":"is","start":1522.43,"end":1522.59},{"text":"the","start":1522.59,"end":1522.67},{"text":"right","start":1522.67,"end":1522.95},{"text":"to","start":1522.95,"end":1523.03},{"text":"take","start":1523.03,"end":1523.27},{"text":"countermeasures","start":1523.27,"end":1524.03},{"text":"in","start":1524.03,"end":1524.19},{"text":"the","start":1524.19,"end":1524.31},{"text":"collective","start":1524.31,"end":1524.83},{"text":"interest.","start":1524.83,"end":1525.39}]},{"text":"For my government, it is important for the Commission not to adopt an approach that is too narrow.","start":1525.79,"end":1530.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":1525.79,"end":1525.99},{"text":"my","start":1525.99,"end":1526.11},{"text":"government,","start":1526.11,"end":1526.67},{"text":"it","start":1526.67,"end":1526.75},{"text":"is","start":1526.75,"end":1526.91},{"text":"important","start":1526.91,"end":1527.47},{"text":"for","start":1527.47,"end":1527.63},{"text":"the","start":1527.63,"end":1527.71},{"text":"Commission","start":1527.71,"end":1528.39},{"text":"not","start":1528.39,"end":1528.59},{"text":"to","start":1528.59,"end":1528.67},{"text":"adopt","start":1528.67,"end":1529.07},{"text":"an","start":1529.07,"end":1529.15},{"text":"approach","start":1529.15,"end":1529.63},{"text":"that","start":1529.63,"end":1529.79},{"text":"is","start":1529.79,"end":1529.95},{"text":"too","start":1529.95,"end":1530.11},{"text":"narrow.","start":1530.11,"end":1530.51}]},{"text":"In particular, my government would like to see the inclusion of the topic of countermeasures in the general interest in the work of the Commission.","start":1530.99,"end":1538.43,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Several delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, State responsibility, and countermeasures taken in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1530.99,"end":1531.15},{"text":"particular,","start":1531.15,"end":1531.79},{"text":"my","start":1531.79,"end":1531.87},{"text":"government","start":1531.87,"end":1532.43},{"text":"would","start":1532.43,"end":1532.55},{"text":"like","start":1532.55,"end":1532.83},{"text":"to","start":1532.83,"end":1532.95},{"text":"see","start":1532.95,"end":1533.31},{"text":"the","start":1533.31,"end":1533.39},{"text":"inclusion","start":1533.39,"end":1534.03},{"text":"of","start":1534.03,"end":1534.19},{"text":"the","start":1534.19,"end":1534.27},{"text":"topic","start":1534.27,"end":1534.63},{"text":"of","start":1534.63,"end":1534.75},{"text":"countermeasures","start":1534.75,"end":1535.55},{"text":"in","start":1535.79,"end":1536.03},{"text":"the","start":1536.03,"end":1536.11},{"text":"general","start":1536.11,"end":1536.51},{"text":"interest","start":1536.51,"end":1537.03},{"text":"in","start":1537.03,"end":1537.23},{"text":"the","start":1537.23,"end":1537.35},{"text":"work","start":1537.35,"end":1537.63},{"text":"of","start":1537.63,"end":1537.75},{"text":"the","start":1537.75,"end":1537.87},{"text":"Commission.","start":1537.87,"end":1538.43}]},{"text":"It is a topic that presently is very much debated, and the views of the Commission would therefore be welcome.","start":1539.31,"end":1544.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1539.31,"end":1539.51},{"text":"is","start":1539.51,"end":1539.63},{"text":"a","start":1539.63,"end":1539.71},{"text":"topic","start":1539.71,"end":1540.11},{"text":"that","start":1540.11,"end":1540.23},{"text":"presently","start":1540.23,"end":1540.99},{"text":"is","start":1540.99,"end":1541.23},{"text":"very","start":1541.23,"end":1541.47},{"text":"much","start":1541.47,"end":1541.71},{"text":"debated,","start":1541.71,"end":1542.27},{"text":"and","start":1542.35,"end":1542.51},{"text":"the","start":1542.51,"end":1542.59},{"text":"views","start":1542.59,"end":1542.95},{"text":"of","start":1542.95,"end":1543.07},{"text":"the","start":1543.07,"end":1543.15},{"text":"Commission","start":1543.15,"end":1543.71},{"text":"would","start":1543.71,"end":1543.87},{"text":"therefore","start":1543.87,"end":1544.31},{"text":"be","start":1544.31,"end":1544.43},{"text":"welcome.","start":1544.43,"end":1544.99}]},{"text":"In the view of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, it is the erga omnes nature of an obligation that triggers the right to take countermeasures in the general interest.","start":1545.43,"end":1553.47,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Several delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, State responsibility, and countermeasures taken in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1545.43,"end":1545.59},{"text":"the","start":1545.59,"end":1545.67},{"text":"view","start":1545.67,"end":1545.95},{"text":"of","start":1545.95,"end":1546.07},{"text":"the","start":1546.07,"end":1546.19},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1546.19,"end":1546.55},{"text":"of","start":1546.55,"end":1546.71},{"text":"the","start":1546.71,"end":1546.79},{"text":"Netherlands,","start":1546.79,"end":1547.35},{"text":"it","start":1547.35,"end":1547.51},{"text":"is","start":1547.51,"end":1547.67},{"text":"the","start":1547.67,"end":1547.79},{"text":"erga","start":1547.91,"end":1548.07},{"text":"omnes","start":1548.07,"end":1548.47},{"text":"nature","start":1548.47,"end":1548.87},{"text":"of","start":1548.87,"end":1548.99},{"text":"an","start":1548.99,"end":1549.11},{"text":"obligation","start":1549.11,"end":1549.83},{"text":"that","start":1550.15,"end":1550.35},{"text":"triggers","start":1550.35,"end":1550.71},{"text":"the","start":1550.71,"end":1550.79},{"text":"right","start":1550.79,"end":1551.07},{"text":"to","start":1551.07,"end":1551.15},{"text":"take","start":1551.15,"end":1551.47},{"text":"countermeasures","start":1551.47,"end":1552.31},{"text":"in","start":1552.31,"end":1552.47},{"text":"the","start":1552.47,"end":1552.59},{"text":"general","start":1552.59,"end":1552.95},{"text":"interest.","start":1552.95,"end":1553.47}]},{"text":"The Kingdom of the Netherlands further notes that the topic, the right to regulate in international investment law, is included in the long-term programme of work, which my government welcomes.","start":1554.95,"end":1565.51,"topics":[{"key":"investment-regulatory-rights","label":"Right to Regulate in International Investment Law","description":"Delegations supported examining States’ right to regulate under international investment law to clarify legal uncertainties. Speakers highlighted the balance between investment protection, economic sovereignty, and sustainable development."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1554.95,"end":1555.03},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1555.03,"end":1555.35},{"text":"of","start":1555.35,"end":1555.47},{"text":"the","start":1555.47,"end":1555.55},{"text":"Netherlands","start":1555.55,"end":1555.99},{"text":"further","start":1555.99,"end":1556.31},{"text":"notes","start":1556.31,"end":1556.63},{"text":"that","start":1556.63,"end":1556.83},{"text":"the","start":1556.83,"end":1556.91},{"text":"topic,","start":1556.91,"end":1557.43},{"text":"the","start":1557.67,"end":1557.79},{"text":"right","start":1557.79,"end":1558.19},{"text":"to","start":1558.19,"end":1558.27},{"text":"regulate","start":1558.27,"end":1558.95},{"text":"in","start":1558.95,"end":1559.27},{"text":"international","start":1559.83,"end":1560.55},{"text":"investment","start":1560.55,"end":1561.03},{"text":"law,","start":1561.03,"end":1561.27},{"text":"is","start":1561.51,"end":1561.75},{"text":"included","start":1561.75,"end":1562.31},{"text":"in","start":1562.31,"end":1562.43},{"text":"the","start":1562.43,"end":1562.51},{"text":"long-term","start":1562.51,"end":1563.11},{"text":"programme","start":1563.11,"end":1563.51},{"text":"of","start":1563.55,"end":1563.67},{"text":"work,","start":1563.67,"end":1563.95},{"text":"which","start":1563.95,"end":1564.23},{"text":"my","start":1564.23,"end":1564.39},{"text":"government","start":1564.39,"end":1564.87},{"text":"welcomes.","start":1564.87,"end":1565.51}]},{"text":"Lastly, on possible topics for the Commission to consider, the Kingdom of the Netherlands would like to reiterate its call for an international discussion on the implications under international law of possessing dual nationality and the inability under certain jurisdictions to renounce a second nationality.","start":1565.99,"end":1584.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Lastly,","start":1565.99,"end":1566.55},{"text":"on","start":1566.55,"end":1566.71},{"text":"possible","start":1566.71,"end":1567.27},{"text":"topics","start":1567.27,"end":1567.75},{"text":"for","start":1567.75,"end":1567.95},{"text":"the","start":1567.95,"end":1568.03},{"text":"Commission","start":1568.03,"end":1568.55},{"text":"to","start":1568.55,"end":1568.67},{"text":"consider,","start":1568.67,"end":1569.19},{"text":"the","start":1569.59,"end":1569.67},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1569.67,"end":1570.07},{"text":"of","start":1570.07,"end":1570.15},{"text":"the","start":1570.15,"end":1570.27},{"text":"Netherlands","start":1570.27,"end":1570.67},{"text":"would","start":1570.67,"end":1570.83},{"text":"like","start":1570.83,"end":1571.03},{"text":"to","start":1571.03,"end":1571.19},{"text":"reiterate","start":1571.19,"end":1571.99},{"text":"its","start":1571.99,"end":1572.15},{"text":"call","start":1572.15,"end":1572.47},{"text":"for","start":1572.47,"end":1572.63},{"text":"an","start":1572.63,"end":1572.71},{"text":"international","start":1572.71,"end":1573.39},{"text":"discussion","start":1573.39,"end":1574.07},{"text":"on","start":1574.39,"end":1574.51},{"text":"the","start":1574.51,"end":1574.59},{"text":"implications","start":1574.59,"end":1575.51},{"text":"under","start":1575.51,"end":1575.79},{"text":"international","start":1575.79,"end":1576.79},{"text":"law","start":1577.07,"end":1577.15},{"text":"of","start":1577.15,"end":1577.23},{"text":"possessing","start":1577.23,"end":1577.75},{"text":"dual","start":1577.75,"end":1578.07},{"text":"nationality","start":1578.07,"end":1579.03},{"text":"and","start":1579.27,"end":1579.55},{"text":"the","start":1579.55,"end":1579.63},{"text":"inability","start":1579.67,"end":1580.55},{"text":"under","start":1580.55,"end":1580.79},{"text":"certain","start":1580.79,"end":1581.19},{"text":"jurisdictions","start":1581.19,"end":1581.99},{"text":"to","start":1581.99,"end":1582.11},{"text":"renounce","start":1582.11,"end":1582.95},{"text":"a","start":1582.95,"end":1582.99},{"text":"second","start":1582.99,"end":1583.19},{"text":"nationality.","start":1583.19,"end":1584.07}]},{"text":"This also relates to the exercise of diplomatic protection, the provision of consular assistance, and the difficulties encountered when it comes to dual nationals.","start":1584.79,"end":1594.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1584.79,"end":1585.03},{"text":"also","start":1585.03,"end":1585.35},{"text":"relates","start":1585.35,"end":1585.83},{"text":"to","start":1585.83,"end":1585.99},{"text":"the","start":1585.99,"end":1586.11},{"text":"exercise","start":1586.15,"end":1586.83},{"text":"of","start":1586.83,"end":1586.95},{"text":"diplomatic","start":1586.95,"end":1587.55},{"text":"protection,","start":1587.55,"end":1588.31},{"text":"the","start":1588.55,"end":1588.63},{"text":"provision","start":1588.63,"end":1589.15},{"text":"of","start":1589.15,"end":1589.27},{"text":"consular","start":1589.27,"end":1590.39},{"text":"assistance,","start":1590.39,"end":1591.11},{"text":"and","start":1591.43,"end":1591.55},{"text":"the","start":1591.55,"end":1591.63},{"text":"difficulties","start":1591.63,"end":1592.31},{"text":"encountered","start":1592.31,"end":1592.87},{"text":"when","start":1592.87,"end":1593.07},{"text":"it","start":1593.07,"end":1593.19},{"text":"comes","start":1593.19,"end":1593.43},{"text":"to","start":1593.43,"end":1593.59},{"text":"dual","start":1593.59,"end":1593.83},{"text":"nationals.","start":1593.83,"end":1594.55}]},{"text":"My Government is of the view that the ILC is well equipped to examine issues related to dual nationals and to renunciation of a second nationality, including the scope of the right to nationality.","start":1595.15,"end":1606.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1595.15,"end":1595.31},{"text":"Government","start":1595.31,"end":1595.95},{"text":"is","start":1595.95,"end":1596.07},{"text":"of","start":1596.07,"end":1596.19},{"text":"the","start":1596.19,"end":1596.31},{"text":"view","start":1596.31,"end":1596.59},{"text":"that","start":1596.59,"end":1596.79},{"text":"the","start":1596.79,"end":1596.87},{"text":"ILC","start":1596.87,"end":1597.47},{"text":"is","start":1597.47,"end":1597.63},{"text":"well","start":1597.63,"end":1597.87},{"text":"equipped","start":1597.87,"end":1598.39},{"text":"to","start":1598.39,"end":1598.47},{"text":"examine","start":1598.47,"end":1598.99},{"text":"issues","start":1598.99,"end":1599.39},{"text":"related","start":1599.39,"end":1599.83},{"text":"to","start":1599.83,"end":1599.99},{"text":"dual","start":1599.99,"end":1600.27},{"text":"nationals","start":1600.27,"end":1600.99},{"text":"and","start":1601.23,"end":1601.47},{"text":"to","start":1601.47,"end":1601.59},{"text":"renunciation","start":1601.59,"end":1602.67},{"text":"of","start":1602.67,"end":1602.75},{"text":"a","start":1602.75,"end":1602.83},{"text":"second","start":1602.83,"end":1603.15},{"text":"nationality,","start":1603.15,"end":1603.95},{"text":"including","start":1604.43,"end":1604.99},{"text":"the","start":1604.99,"end":1605.07},{"text":"scope","start":1605.07,"end":1605.47},{"text":"of","start":1605.47,"end":1605.63},{"text":"the","start":1605.63,"end":1605.71},{"text":"right","start":1605.71,"end":1605.99},{"text":"to","start":1605.99,"end":1606.07},{"text":"nationality.","start":1606.07,"end":1606.91}]},{"text":"In light of these considerations, we would like to recall our previous invitation to the Commission to include this topic in its programme of work.","start":1607.31,"end":1615.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1607.31,"end":1607.39},{"text":"light","start":1607.39,"end":1607.71},{"text":"of","start":1607.71,"end":1607.79},{"text":"these","start":1607.79,"end":1608.03},{"text":"considerations,","start":1608.03,"end":1609.03},{"text":"we","start":1609.03,"end":1609.15},{"text":"would","start":1609.15,"end":1609.31},{"text":"like","start":1609.31,"end":1609.47},{"text":"to","start":1609.47,"end":1609.63},{"text":"recall","start":1609.63,"end":1610.27},{"text":"our","start":1610.27,"end":1610.51},{"text":"previous","start":1610.51,"end":1610.99},{"text":"invitation","start":1610.99,"end":1611.71},{"text":"to","start":1611.71,"end":1611.87},{"text":"the","start":1611.87,"end":1611.95},{"text":"Commission","start":1611.95,"end":1612.51},{"text":"to","start":1612.91,"end":1613.07},{"text":"include","start":1613.07,"end":1613.55},{"text":"this","start":1613.55,"end":1613.71},{"text":"topic","start":1613.71,"end":1614.11},{"text":"in","start":1614.11,"end":1614.27},{"text":"its","start":1614.27,"end":1614.43},{"text":"programme","start":1614.43,"end":1614.91},{"text":"of","start":1614.91,"end":1615.03},{"text":"work.","start":1615.03,"end":1615.39}]},{"text":"Chair, let me conclude this statement with the topic sea-level rise in relation to international law.","start":1615.95,"end":1621.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":1615.95,"end":1616.43},{"text":"let","start":1616.51,"end":1616.71},{"text":"me","start":1616.71,"end":1616.91},{"text":"conclude","start":1616.91,"end":1617.39},{"text":"this","start":1617.39,"end":1617.51},{"text":"statement","start":1617.51,"end":1618.03},{"text":"with","start":1618.03,"end":1618.23},{"text":"the","start":1618.23,"end":1618.31},{"text":"topic","start":1618.31,"end":1618.67},{"text":"sea-level","start":1618.67,"end":1619.15},{"text":"rise","start":1619.15,"end":1619.47},{"text":"in","start":1619.47,"end":1619.59},{"text":"relation","start":1619.59,"end":1620.03},{"text":"to","start":1620.03,"end":1620.15},{"text":"international","start":1620.15,"end":1621.03},{"text":"law.","start":1621.03,"end":1621.11}]},{"text":"As emphasized by the Kingdom of the Netherlands before numerous courts and tribunals, as well as in other fora, a significant part of our population has lived below sea level for centuries.","start":1621.75,"end":1632.71,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":1621.75,"end":1621.99},{"text":"emphasized","start":1621.99,"end":1622.59},{"text":"by","start":1622.59,"end":1622.71},{"text":"the","start":1622.71,"end":1622.79},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1622.79,"end":1623.15},{"text":"of","start":1623.15,"end":1623.27},{"text":"the","start":1623.27,"end":1623.35},{"text":"Netherlands","start":1623.35,"end":1623.79},{"text":"before","start":1623.79,"end":1624.15},{"text":"numerous","start":1624.15,"end":1624.63},{"text":"courts","start":1624.63,"end":1624.99},{"text":"and","start":1624.99,"end":1625.15},{"text":"tribunals,","start":1625.15,"end":1625.67},{"text":"as","start":1625.67,"end":1625.91},{"text":"well","start":1625.91,"end":1626.07},{"text":"as","start":1626.07,"end":1626.23},{"text":"in","start":1626.23,"end":1626.31},{"text":"other","start":1626.31,"end":1626.47},{"text":"fora,","start":1626.47,"end":1627.03},{"text":"a","start":1627.59,"end":1627.63},{"text":"significant","start":1627.63,"end":1628.27},{"text":"part","start":1628.27,"end":1628.59},{"text":"of","start":1628.59,"end":1628.71},{"text":"our","start":1628.71,"end":1628.95},{"text":"population","start":1628.95,"end":1629.67},{"text":"has","start":1629.67,"end":1629.91},{"text":"lived","start":1629.91,"end":1630.31},{"text":"below","start":1630.31,"end":1630.71},{"text":"sea","start":1631.15,"end":1631.51},{"text":"level","start":1631.51,"end":1631.83},{"text":"for","start":1631.83,"end":1631.99},{"text":"centuries.","start":1631.99,"end":1632.71}]},{"text":"The Kingdom of the Netherlands is not alone in this.","start":1633.11,"end":1635.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1633.11,"end":1633.23},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1633.27,"end":1633.63},{"text":"of","start":1633.63,"end":1633.75},{"text":"the","start":1633.75,"end":1633.83},{"text":"Netherlands","start":1633.83,"end":1634.27},{"text":"is","start":1634.27,"end":1634.39},{"text":"not","start":1634.39,"end":1634.55},{"text":"alone","start":1634.55,"end":1634.95},{"text":"in","start":1634.95,"end":1635.11},{"text":"this.","start":1635.11,"end":1635.51}]},{"text":"Millions of people all over the world are living below or just above sea level.","start":1635.83,"end":1640.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Millions","start":1635.83,"end":1636.31},{"text":"of","start":1636.31,"end":1636.39},{"text":"people","start":1636.39,"end":1636.87},{"text":"all","start":1636.87,"end":1636.95},{"text":"over","start":1636.95,"end":1637.47},{"text":"the","start":1637.47,"end":1637.55},{"text":"world","start":1637.55,"end":1637.91},{"text":"are","start":1637.91,"end":1638.07},{"text":"living","start":1638.07,"end":1638.47},{"text":"below","start":1638.47,"end":1638.87},{"text":"or","start":1638.87,"end":1639.11},{"text":"just","start":1639.11,"end":1639.43},{"text":"above","start":1639.43,"end":1639.71},{"text":"sea","start":1639.71,"end":1639.99},{"text":"level.","start":1639.99,"end":1640.39}]},{"text":"With a rising sea level, threats are multiplied and the implications thereof will become more and more visible.","start":1640.79,"end":1647.19,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"With","start":1640.79,"end":1640.99},{"text":"a","start":1641.11,"end":1641.15},{"text":"rising","start":1641.15,"end":1641.55},{"text":"sea","start":1641.55,"end":1641.83},{"text":"level,","start":1641.83,"end":1642.23},{"text":"threats","start":1642.23,"end":1642.71},{"text":"are","start":1642.71,"end":1642.79},{"text":"multiplied","start":1642.79,"end":1643.59},{"text":"and","start":1643.59,"end":1643.75},{"text":"the","start":1643.75,"end":1643.83},{"text":"implications","start":1643.83,"end":1644.55},{"text":"thereof","start":1644.55,"end":1645.03},{"text":"will","start":1645.35,"end":1645.59},{"text":"become","start":1645.59,"end":1646.03},{"text":"more","start":1646.03,"end":1646.31},{"text":"and","start":1646.31,"end":1646.43},{"text":"more","start":1646.43,"end":1646.63},{"text":"visible.","start":1646.63,"end":1647.19}]},{"text":"In our statement last year, my Government noted the progress made on the topic of sea level rise by the Commission.","start":1647.71,"end":1653.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1647.71,"end":1647.95},{"text":"our","start":1647.95,"end":1648.19},{"text":"statement","start":1648.19,"end":1648.67},{"text":"last","start":1648.67,"end":1648.99},{"text":"year,","start":1648.99,"end":1649.31},{"text":"my","start":1649.31,"end":1649.47},{"text":"Government","start":1649.47,"end":1649.99},{"text":"noted","start":1649.99,"end":1650.39},{"text":"the","start":1650.39,"end":1650.47},{"text":"progress","start":1650.47,"end":1650.91},{"text":"made","start":1650.91,"end":1651.23},{"text":"on","start":1651.23,"end":1651.31},{"text":"the","start":1651.31,"end":1651.39},{"text":"topic","start":1651.39,"end":1651.79},{"text":"of","start":1651.79,"end":1651.87},{"text":"sea","start":1651.87,"end":1652.03},{"text":"level","start":1652.03,"end":1652.35},{"text":"rise","start":1652.35,"end":1652.63},{"text":"by","start":1652.63,"end":1652.79},{"text":"the","start":1652.79,"end":1652.87},{"text":"Commission.","start":1652.87,"end":1653.47}]},{"text":"However, we also highlighted that several fundamental questions remained unanswered.","start":1653.87,"end":1659.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":1653.87,"end":1654.55},{"text":"we","start":1654.55,"end":1654.75},{"text":"also","start":1654.75,"end":1655.07},{"text":"highlighted","start":1655.07,"end":1655.71},{"text":"that","start":1655.71,"end":1655.87},{"text":"several","start":1655.87,"end":1656.43},{"text":"fundamental","start":1656.43,"end":1657.03},{"text":"questions","start":1657.03,"end":1657.63},{"text":"remained","start":1657.79,"end":1658.35},{"text":"unanswered.","start":1658.35,"end":1659.31}]},{"text":"My Government therefore encouraged all those involved to further deepen the understanding of these topics through, for example, advancing discussions in the Sixth Committee.","start":1659.95,"end":1668.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1659.95,"end":1660.03},{"text":"Government","start":1660.03,"end":1660.47},{"text":"therefore","start":1660.47,"end":1660.91},{"text":"encouraged","start":1660.91,"end":1661.59},{"text":"all","start":1661.63,"end":1661.87},{"text":"those","start":1661.87,"end":1662.15},{"text":"involved","start":1662.15,"end":1662.83},{"text":"to","start":1663.15,"end":1663.27},{"text":"further","start":1663.27,"end":1663.67},{"text":"deepen","start":1663.67,"end":1664.07},{"text":"the","start":1664.07,"end":1664.15},{"text":"understanding","start":1664.15,"end":1664.83},{"text":"of","start":1664.83,"end":1664.99},{"text":"these","start":1664.99,"end":1665.23},{"text":"topics","start":1665.23,"end":1665.75},{"text":"through,","start":1665.75,"end":1666.03},{"text":"for","start":1666.03,"end":1666.31},{"text":"example,","start":1666.31,"end":1666.83},{"text":"advancing","start":1666.83,"end":1667.43},{"text":"discussions","start":1667.43,"end":1668.07},{"text":"in","start":1668.07,"end":1668.19},{"text":"the","start":1668.19,"end":1668.27},{"text":"Sixth","start":1668.27,"end":1668.55},{"text":"Committee.","start":1668.55,"end":1668.99}]},{"text":"The Kingdom of the Netherlands therefore supports those who have proposed to continue discussions on sea level rise, including more focused discussions on the outstanding legal issues and questions.","start":1669.67,"end":1680.31,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1669.67,"end":1669.75},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1669.75,"end":1670.07},{"text":"of","start":1670.07,"end":1670.15},{"text":"the","start":1670.15,"end":1670.23},{"text":"Netherlands","start":1670.23,"end":1670.63},{"text":"therefore","start":1670.63,"end":1671.03},{"text":"supports","start":1671.03,"end":1671.75},{"text":"those","start":1671.99,"end":1672.35},{"text":"who","start":1672.35,"end":1672.47},{"text":"have","start":1672.47,"end":1672.63},{"text":"proposed","start":1672.63,"end":1673.19},{"text":"to","start":1673.19,"end":1673.27},{"text":"continue","start":1673.27,"end":1673.83},{"text":"discussions","start":1673.83,"end":1674.43},{"text":"on","start":1674.43,"end":1674.51},{"text":"sea","start":1674.51,"end":1674.79},{"text":"level","start":1674.79,"end":1675.03},{"text":"rise,","start":1675.03,"end":1675.43},{"text":"including","start":1675.43,"end":1676.15},{"text":"more","start":1676.39,"end":1676.71},{"text":"focused","start":1676.71,"end":1677.15},{"text":"discussions","start":1677.15,"end":1677.79},{"text":"on","start":1677.79,"end":1677.91},{"text":"the","start":1677.95,"end":1678.03},{"text":"outstanding","start":1678.03,"end":1678.63},{"text":"legal","start":1678.63,"end":1678.95},{"text":"issues","start":1678.95,"end":1679.43},{"text":"and","start":1679.43,"end":1679.59},{"text":"questions.","start":1679.59,"end":1680.31}]},{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair.","start":1680.63,"end":1681.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1680.63,"end":1680.87},{"text":"you,","start":1680.87,"end":1681.03},{"text":"Madam","start":1681.11,"end":1681.43},{"text":"Chair.","start":1681.43,"end":1681.75}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"NLD","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Netherlands (Kingdom of the)"}},{"statement_number":7,"start":1683.67,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/81/31?lang=en&t=28:04","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the Kingdom of the Netherlands for his statement.","start":1683.67,"end":1688.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1683.67,"end":1683.83},{"text":"thank","start":1683.83,"end":1684.07},{"text":"the","start":1684.07,"end":1684.19},{"text":"distinguished","start":1684.19,"end":1684.79},{"text":"representative","start":1684.79,"end":1685.59},{"text":"of","start":1685.59,"end":1685.83},{"text":"the","start":1685.83,"end":1685.91},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1685.91,"end":1686.39},{"text":"of","start":1686.39,"end":1686.47},{"text":"the","start":1686.47,"end":1686.59},{"text":"Netherlands","start":1686.63,"end":1687.35},{"text":"for","start":1687.59,"end":1687.79},{"text":"his","start":1687.79,"end":1687.99},{"text":"statement.","start":1687.99,"end":1688.79}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Lebanon.","start":1689.27,"end":1692.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1689.27,"end":1689.35},{"text":"now","start":1689.35,"end":1689.59},{"text":"give","start":1689.59,"end":1689.83},{"text":"the","start":1689.83,"end":1689.91},{"text":"floor","start":1689.91,"end":1690.23},{"text":"to","start":1690.23,"end":1690.31},{"text":"the","start":1690.31,"end":1690.43},{"text":"distinguished","start":1690.43,"end":1691.03},{"text":"representative","start":1691.03,"end":1691.79},{"text":"of","start":1691.79,"end":1691.91},{"text":"Lebanon.","start":1691.91,"end":1692.39}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":8,"start":1706.11,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/81/31?lang=en&t=28:27","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam Chair.","start":1706.11,"end":1708.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1706.11,"end":1706.43},{"text":"you,","start":1706.43,"end":1706.59},{"text":"Madam","start":1707.07,"end":1707.55},{"text":"Chair.","start":1707.79,"end":1708.03}]},{"text":"Ladies and gentlemen, representatives, the work of the International Law Commission on the general principles of law are of particular importance for the understanding of the foundations and the functioning of the international legal order.","start":1708.03,"end":1721.95,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Ladies","start":1708.03,"end":1708.31},{"text":"and","start":1708.31,"end":1708.43},{"text":"gentlemen,","start":1708.43,"end":1708.83},{"text":"representatives,","start":1708.83,"end":1709.55},{"text":"the","start":1710.51,"end":1710.71},{"text":"work","start":1710.71,"end":1711.15},{"text":"of","start":1711.15,"end":1711.23},{"text":"the","start":1711.23,"end":1711.35},{"text":"International","start":1711.35,"end":1712.51},{"text":"Law","start":1712.79,"end":1712.99},{"text":"Commission","start":1712.99,"end":1713.47},{"text":"on","start":1713.47,"end":1713.63},{"text":"the","start":1713.63,"end":1713.71},{"text":"general","start":1713.71,"end":1714.03},{"text":"principles","start":1714.03,"end":1714.83},{"text":"of","start":1714.83,"end":1714.99},{"text":"law","start":1714.99,"end":1715.27},{"text":"are","start":1715.27,"end":1715.39},{"text":"of","start":1715.99,"end":1716.11},{"text":"particular","start":1716.11,"end":1716.71},{"text":"importance","start":1716.71,"end":1717.23},{"text":"for","start":1717.23,"end":1717.47},{"text":"the","start":1717.47,"end":1717.67},{"text":"understanding","start":1717.67,"end":1718.23},{"text":"of","start":1718.23,"end":1718.31},{"text":"the","start":1718.31,"end":1718.39},{"text":"foundations","start":1718.39,"end":1719.03},{"text":"and","start":1719.03,"end":1719.15},{"text":"the","start":1719.15,"end":1719.23},{"text":"functioning","start":1719.23,"end":1719.79},{"text":"of","start":1719.87,"end":1719.99},{"text":"the","start":1719.99,"end":1720.07},{"text":"international","start":1720.07,"end":1721.03},{"text":"legal","start":1721.03,"end":1721.39},{"text":"order.","start":1721.47,"end":1721.95}]},{"text":"The adoption in second reading of the 12 draft conclusions, together with their comments, is an important step in clarification of this source of international law that is explicitly recognized in Article 38, paragraph 1, of the Statute of the International Court of Justice.","start":1723.59,"end":1740.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1723.59,"end":1723.71},{"text":"adoption","start":1723.71,"end":1724.79},{"text":"in","start":1724.79,"end":1725.03},{"text":"second","start":1725.19,"end":1725.67},{"text":"reading","start":1725.67,"end":1725.99},{"text":"of","start":1725.99,"end":1726.07},{"text":"the","start":1726.07,"end":1726.19},{"text":"12","start":1726.19,"end":1726.59},{"text":"draft","start":1726.59,"end":1726.99},{"text":"conclusions,","start":1726.99,"end":1727.75},{"text":"together","start":1727.75,"end":1728.11},{"text":"with","start":1728.11,"end":1728.43},{"text":"their","start":1728.43,"end":1728.59},{"text":"comments,","start":1728.59,"end":1729.27},{"text":"is","start":1729.51,"end":1729.67},{"text":"an","start":1729.67,"end":1729.75},{"text":"important","start":1729.75,"end":1730.23},{"text":"step","start":1730.23,"end":1730.59},{"text":"in","start":1730.59,"end":1730.79},{"text":"clarification","start":1730.79,"end":1731.87},{"text":"of","start":1731.87,"end":1731.95},{"text":"this","start":1731.95,"end":1732.15},{"text":"source","start":1732.39,"end":1732.87},{"text":"of","start":1732.87,"end":1732.95},{"text":"international","start":1732.95,"end":1734.39},{"text":"law","start":1734.39,"end":1734.47},{"text":"that","start":1734.79,"end":1734.91},{"text":"is","start":1734.91,"end":1734.99},{"text":"explicitly","start":1734.99,"end":1735.67},{"text":"recognized","start":1735.67,"end":1736.39},{"text":"in","start":1736.39,"end":1736.47},{"text":"Article","start":1736.47,"end":1736.83},{"text":"38,","start":1736.83,"end":1737.35},{"text":"paragraph","start":1737.35,"end":1737.75},{"text":"1,","start":1737.75,"end":1738.15},{"text":"of","start":1738.15,"end":1738.39},{"text":"the","start":1738.39,"end":1738.51},{"text":"Statute","start":1738.51,"end":1739.03},{"text":"of","start":1739.03,"end":1739.11},{"text":"the","start":1739.11,"end":1739.23},{"text":"International","start":1739.23,"end":1739.83},{"text":"Court","start":1739.83,"end":1740.03},{"text":"of","start":1740.03,"end":1740.15},{"text":"Justice.","start":1740.15,"end":1740.71}]},{"text":"Lebanon applauds this contribution to the clarification of the methods for the identification of general principles of law and the understanding of their relationship with international, with treaties and international customary law.","start":1741.79,"end":1754.59,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. 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work clearly illustrates the added value of the Commission to clarify essential notions, systematize rules, and offer to States and international jurisdictions useful references for the identification and the application of international 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considers that this contribution is part of a broader mission to make the international legal order more coherent, more intelligible, and more predictable, but through the codification and progressive development of international 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Chair.","start":1786.59,"end":1787.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":1786.59,"end":1786.91},{"text":"Chair.","start":1786.91,"end":1787.23}]},{"text":"This same requirement of clarification can be found in the work of the Commission on the Peremptory Norms of General International Law, the Jus 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2022, the Commission adopted in the second reading its draft conclusions on the identification and legal consequence of these 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work contributed to clarifying criteria, making it possible to identify, as well as the legal consequences of their peremptory character.","start":1807.19,"end":1817.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1807.19,"end":1807.35},{"text":"work","start":1807.35,"end":1807.75},{"text":"contributed","start":1807.83,"end":1808.55},{"text":"to","start":1808.71,"end":1809.19},{"text":"clarifying","start":1809.19,"end":1809.75},{"text":"criteria,","start":1809.75,"end":1810.47},{"text":"making","start":1810.63,"end":1810.95},{"text":"it","start":1810.95,"end":1811.03},{"text":"possible","start":1811.03,"end":1811.51},{"text":"to","start":1811.51,"end":1811.63},{"text":"identify,","start":1811.63,"end":1812.55},{"text":"as","start":1812.71,"end":1812.87},{"text":"well","start":1812.87,"end":1813.19},{"text":"as","start":1813.19,"end":1813.35},{"text":"the","start":1813.35,"end":1813.47},{"text":"legal","start":1813.67,"end":1813.99},{"text":"consequences","start":1813.99,"end":1814.79},{"text":"of","start":1814.79,"end":1815.03},{"text":"their","start":1815.35,"end":1815.83},{"text":"peremptory","start":1815.83,"end":1816.63},{"text":"character.","start":1816.95,"end":1817.51}]},{"text":"The general principles of law and jus cogens are different legal categories.","start":1817.83,"end":1823.43,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. 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They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1840.83,"end":1840.99},{"text":"clarification","start":1840.99,"end":1841.95},{"text":"of","start":1842.19,"end":1842.27},{"text":"these","start":1842.27,"end":1842.51},{"text":"notions","start":1842.51,"end":1843.23},{"text":"represents","start":1844.35,"end":1845.23},{"text":"an","start":1845.23,"end":1845.31},{"text":"interest","start":1846.03,"end":1846.55},{"text":"that","start":1846.55,"end":1846.67},{"text":"goes","start":1846.67,"end":1846.91},{"text":"beyond","start":1846.91,"end":1847.71},{"text":"doctrinal","start":1848.35,"end":1848.99},{"text":"systematization.","start":1848.99,"end":1850.11}]},{"text":"It contributes to the legal security of states, the predictability of their relationship, and the understanding of their obligations that provide structure to the international community.","start":1850.11,"end":1858.43,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. 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They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":1888.35,"end":1888.51},{"text":"small","start":1888.51,"end":1888.91},{"text":"island","start":1888.99,"end":1889.39},{"text":"states","start":1889.39,"end":1889.87},{"text":"and","start":1890.19,"end":1890.67},{"text":"coastal","start":1890.67,"end":1891.15},{"text":"states","start":1891.15,"end":1891.43},{"text":"that","start":1891.43,"end":1891.55},{"text":"are","start":1891.55,"end":1891.63},{"text":"the","start":1891.63,"end":1891.71},{"text":"most","start":1891.71,"end":1891.91},{"text":"exposed,","start":1891.91,"end":1892.59},{"text":"the","start":1892.91,"end":1893.03},{"text":"rise","start":1893.03,"end":1893.35},{"text":"of","start":1893.35,"end":1893.47},{"text":"the","start":1893.47,"end":1893.55},{"text":"sea","start":1893.55,"end":1893.87},{"text":"level","start":1893.87,"end":1894.35},{"text":"raises","start":1894.59,"end":1895.31},{"text":"existential","start":1895.31,"end":1896.51},{"text":"challenges","start":1896.83,"end":1897.55},{"text":"with","start":1897.55,"end":1897.71},{"text":"regard","start":1897.71,"end":1898.11},{"text":"to","start":1898.11,"end":1898.27},{"text":"maritime","start":1898.59,"end":1899.31},{"text":"areas,","start":1899.31,"end":1899.79},{"text":"preservation","start":1899.79,"end":1900.67},{"text":"of","start":1900.67,"end":1900.83},{"text":"the","start":1900.83,"end":1900.95},{"text":"legal","start":1901.31,"end":1901.79},{"text":"status","start":1901.79,"end":1902.19},{"text":"of","start":1902.19,"end":1902.27},{"text":"a","start":1902.27,"end":1902.35},{"text":"state,","start":1902.35,"end":1902.75},{"text":"and","start":1902.75,"end":1902.91},{"text":"protection","start":1902.91,"end":1903.43},{"text":"of","start":1903.43,"end":1903.63},{"text":"its","start":1903.63,"end":1903.79},{"text":"population.","start":1903.79,"end":1904.47}]},{"text":"The final report is a valuable contribution to the clarification of these issues, Lebanon encourages the continuation of dialogue among States on legal aspects in the framework of the work of the General Assembly.","start":1906.19,"end":1919.91,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. 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linked to sovereign equality of States and their political independence, this principle is of particular importance for small 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for rules and principles of international law is essential for the preservation of an order in which the balance of power should not be a substitute for law.","start":1940.83,"end":1952.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Respect","start":1940.83,"end":1941.35},{"text":"for","start":1941.35,"end":1941.79},{"text":"rules","start":1942.67,"end":1943.03},{"text":"and","start":1943.03,"end":1943.15},{"text":"principles","start":1943.15,"end":1943.63},{"text":"of","start":1943.63,"end":1943.71},{"text":"international","start":1943.71,"end":1944.31},{"text":"law","start":1944.31,"end":1944.51},{"text":"is","start":1944.51,"end":1944.67},{"text":"essential","start":1944.67,"end":1945.15},{"text":"for","start":1945.15,"end":1945.27},{"text":"the","start":1945.27,"end":1945.39},{"text":"preservation","start":1945.39,"end":1946.07},{"text":"of","start":1946.07,"end":1946.15},{"text":"an","start":1946.15,"end":1946.27},{"text":"order","start":1946.27,"end":1946.67},{"text":"in","start":1946.99,"end":1947.11},{"text":"which","start":1947.11,"end":1947.35},{"text":"the","start":1947.39,"end":1947.55},{"text":"balance","start":1947.55,"end":1948.03},{"text":"of","start":1948.07,"end":1948.19},{"text":"power","start":1948.27,"end":1948.91},{"text":"should","start":1949.83,"end":1950.15},{"text":"not","start":1950.15,"end":1950.55},{"text":"be","start":1950.71,"end":1950.91},{"text":"a","start":1950.91,"end":1950.95},{"text":"substitute","start":1950.95,"end":1951.67},{"text":"for","start":1951.67,"end":1951.83},{"text":"law.","start":1951.83,"end":1952.15}]},{"text":"Lebanon underscores the importance of preserving, as part of this reflection, the distinction between different legal categories, while taking into account their joint contribution to an international order based on law in which all States, no matter how powerful they are, should be able to benefit from the protection of international 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and gentlemen, the quality of international law also depends on taking into consideration the diversity of legal traditions and national experiences.","start":1974.31,"end":1985.35,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. 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Chair, reflection on the foundations of international law cannot be disassociated from its human dimension.","start":2043.83,"end":2052.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":2043.83,"end":2044.31},{"text":"Chair,","start":2046.07,"end":2046.31},{"text":"reflection","start":2046.87,"end":2047.51},{"text":"on","start":2047.51,"end":2047.67},{"text":"the","start":2047.67,"end":2047.75},{"text":"foundations","start":2047.75,"end":2048.35},{"text":"of","start":2048.35,"end":2048.43},{"text":"international","start":2048.43,"end":2049.15},{"text":"law","start":2049.15,"end":2049.23},{"text":"cannot","start":2049.23,"end":2049.55},{"text":"be","start":2049.55,"end":2049.71},{"text":"disassociated","start":2049.71,"end":2050.55},{"text":"from","start":2050.55,"end":2050.87},{"text":"its","start":2050.87,"end":2050.99},{"text":"human","start":2050.99,"end":2051.59},{"text":"dimension.","start":2051.91,"end":2052.55}]},{"text":"A humanist approach to international law in no way 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in this spirit that Lebanon reaffirms the importance of the mission of the International Law Commission.","start":2076.67,"end":2081.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":2076.67,"end":2076.91},{"text":"in","start":2076.91,"end":2077.03},{"text":"this","start":2077.03,"end":2077.19},{"text":"spirit","start":2077.19,"end":2077.59},{"text":"that","start":2077.59,"end":2077.71},{"text":"Lebanon","start":2077.71,"end":2078.19},{"text":"reaffirms","start":2078.19,"end":2078.87},{"text":"the","start":2078.87,"end":2078.95},{"text":"importance","start":2078.95,"end":2079.43},{"text":"of","start":2079.43,"end":2079.51},{"text":"the","start":2079.51,"end":2079.59},{"text":"mission","start":2079.63,"end":2080.11},{"text":"of","start":2080.11,"end":2080.27},{"text":"the","start":2080.27,"end":2080.35},{"text":"International","start":2080.35,"end":2080.95},{"text":"Law","start":2080.95,"end":2081.07},{"text":"Commission.","start":2081.07,"end":2081.63}]},{"text":"The codification and the progressive development must continue to be based on scientific rigor, dialogue with states, and respect for the diversity of legal traditions, while remaining attentive to the needs of the international 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collective responsibility is to ensure that international law remains a legal order based on rules and principles that are applicable to all states, to which each state can contribute and for which each can claim protection.","start":2098.91,"end":2117.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":2098.91,"end":2099.15},{"text":"collective","start":2099.15,"end":2099.79},{"text":"responsibility","start":2099.79,"end":2100.83},{"text":"is","start":2101.31,"end":2101.55},{"text":"to","start":2101.55,"end":2101.75},{"text":"ensure","start":2101.79,"end":2102.43},{"text":"that","start":2102.43,"end":2102.75},{"text":"international","start":2102.75,"end":2103.59},{"text":"law","start":2103.59,"end":2103.87},{"text":"remains","start":2104.75,"end":2105.31},{"text":"a","start":2105.31,"end":2105.35},{"text":"legal","start":2105.35,"end":2105.79},{"text":"order","start":2105.79,"end":2106.19},{"text":"based","start":2106.19,"end":2106.59},{"text":"on","start":2106.59,"end":2107.07},{"text":"rules","start":2107.47,"end":2107.87},{"text":"and","start":2107.87,"end":2108.03},{"text":"principles","start":2108.03,"end":2108.51},{"text":"that","start":2108.51,"end":2108.63},{"text":"are","start":2108.63,"end":2108.71},{"text":"applicable","start":2108.71,"end":2109.15},{"text":"to","start":2109.15,"end":2109.23},{"text":"all","start":2109.23,"end":2109.47},{"text":"states,","start":2109.47,"end":2110.03},{"text":"to","start":2110.91,"end":2111.03},{"text":"which","start":2111.03,"end":2111.39},{"text":"each","start":2111.39,"end":2111.79},{"text":"state","start":2112.19,"end":2112.51},{"text":"can","start":2112.51,"end":2112.71},{"text":"contribute","start":2112.71,"end":2113.47},{"text":"and","start":2114.31,"end":2114.79},{"text":"for","start":2115.59,"end":2115.75},{"text":"which","start":2115.75,"end":2116.07},{"text":"each","start":2116.07,"end":2116.39},{"text":"can","start":2116.39,"end":2116.79},{"text":"claim","start":2116.79,"end":2117.11},{"text":"protection.","start":2117.11,"end":2117.59}]},{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":2117.59,"end":2118.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2117.59,"end":2117.79},{"text":"you","start":2117.79,"end":2117.87},{"text":"very","start":2117.87,"end":2118.03},{"text":"much.","start":2118.03,"end":2118.31}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"LBN","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Lebanon"}},{"statement_number":9,"start":2119.75,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/81/31?lang=en&t=35:20","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Lebanon for his statement.","start":2119.75,"end":2124.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2119.75,"end":2119.91},{"text":"thank","start":2119.91,"end":2120.19},{"text":"the","start":2120.19,"end":2120.27},{"text":"distinguished","start":2120.27,"end":2120.79},{"text":"representative","start":2120.79,"end":2121.51},{"text":"of","start":2121.63,"end":2121.75},{"text":"Lebanon","start":2122.79,"end":2123.43},{"text":"for","start":2123.51,"end":2123.63},{"text":"his","start":2123.63,"end":2123.79},{"text":"statement.","start":2123.79,"end":2124.43}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of El Salvador.","start":2124.43,"end":2127.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2124.43,"end":2124.47},{"text":"now","start":2124.47,"end":2124.71},{"text":"give","start":2124.71,"end":2124.95},{"text":"the","start":2124.95,"end":2125.07},{"text":"floor","start":2125.07,"end":2125.35},{"text":"to","start":2125.35,"end":2125.43},{"text":"the","start":2125.43,"end":2125.51},{"text":"distinguished","start":2125.51,"end":2126.07},{"text":"representative","start":2126.07,"end":2126.79},{"text":"of","start":2126.79,"end":2127.03},{"text":"El","start":2127.11,"end":2127.27},{"text":"Salvador.","start":2127.27,"end":2127.91}]},{"text":"You have the floor, ma'am.","start":2128.39,"end":2129.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":2128.39,"end":2128.51},{"text":"have","start":2128.51,"end":2128.71},{"text":"the","start":2128.71,"end":2128.79},{"text":"floor,","start":2128.79,"end":2129.03},{"text":"ma'am.","start":2129.03,"end":2129.27}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":10,"start":2130.99,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/81/31?lang=en&t=35:31","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank.","start":2130.99,"end":2131.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank.","start":2130.99,"end":2131.35}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"You very much, Madam Chair.","start":2131.91,"end":2133.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":2131.91,"end":2132.03},{"text":"very","start":2132.03,"end":2132.23},{"text":"much,","start":2132.23,"end":2132.55},{"text":"Madam","start":2132.55,"end":2132.79},{"text":"Chair.","start":2132.79,"end":2133.11}]},{"text":"Madam, all protocols observed, and to save time, my delegation would like to make the following comments on cluster 1 of the report from the ILC.","start":2133.59,"end":2146.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam,","start":2133.59,"end":2133.91},{"text":"all","start":2134.55,"end":2134.63},{"text":"protocols","start":2135.03,"end":2135.67},{"text":"observed,","start":2135.67,"end":2136.31},{"text":"and","start":2136.35,"end":2136.67},{"text":"to","start":2136.79,"end":2136.95},{"text":"save","start":2137.03,"end":2137.27},{"text":"time,","start":2137.27,"end":2137.71},{"text":"my","start":2137.71,"end":2137.83},{"text":"delegation","start":2137.83,"end":2138.47},{"text":"would","start":2138.47,"end":2138.59},{"text":"like","start":2138.59,"end":2138.83},{"text":"to","start":2138.83,"end":2139.11},{"text":"make","start":2139.91,"end":2140.31},{"text":"the","start":2140.31,"end":2140.51},{"text":"following","start":2140.55,"end":2140.91},{"text":"comments","start":2140.91,"end":2141.67},{"text":"on","start":2141.67,"end":2141.99},{"text":"cluster","start":2142.07,"end":2142.63},{"text":"1","start":2142.63,"end":2143.19},{"text":"of","start":2143.87,"end":2143.99},{"text":"the","start":2144.15,"end":2144.35},{"text":"report","start":2144.71,"end":2145.43},{"text":"from","start":2145.43,"end":2145.67},{"text":"the","start":2145.67,"end":2145.79},{"text":"ILC.","start":2145.83,"end":2146.71}]},{"text":"On sea level rise, firstly, and in addition to the remarks made by my delegation in previous sessions, the Republic of El Salvador would like to reiterate once again how important it is to maintain statehood, and here our explanation of our position regarding the stability of maritime zones.","start":2147.99,"end":2171.83,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. 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They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":2172.83,"end":2173.15},{"text":"delegation","start":2173.15,"end":2174.03},{"text":"states","start":2174.03,"end":2174.59},{"text":"that","start":2174.59,"end":2174.75},{"text":"neither","start":2174.75,"end":2175.23},{"text":"the","start":2175.23,"end":2175.35},{"text":"stability","start":2175.39,"end":2176.27},{"text":"of","start":2176.59,"end":2176.99},{"text":"the","start":2176.99,"end":2177.11},{"text":"maritime","start":2177.15,"end":2177.71},{"text":"zones","start":2177.71,"end":2178.03},{"text":"of","start":2178.03,"end":2178.11},{"text":"states","start":2178.11,"end":2178.59},{"text":"nor","start":2178.59,"end":2179.23},{"text":"statehood","start":2179.47,"end":2180.51},{"text":"as","start":2181.23,"end":2181.43},{"text":"such","start":2181.43,"end":2182.11},{"text":"should","start":2182.43,"end":2182.91},{"text":"be","start":2182.91,"end":2183.23},{"text":"affected","start":2183.23,"end":2184.11},{"text":"by","start":2184.11,"end":2184.43},{"text":"sea","start":2184.47,"end":2184.75},{"text":"level","start":2184.75,"end":2184.95},{"text":"rise.","start":2184.95,"end":2185.55}]},{"text":"Here, we do not agree with ensuring this stability is only pursuant to UNCLOS.","start":2186.11,"end":2195.75,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. 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I would now like to refer to Chapter 4 of the report entitled \"Immunity of State Officials from Foreign Criminal Justice Jurisdiction\" rather.","start":2268.51,"end":2281.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam,","start":2268.51,"end":2268.87},{"text":"I","start":2270.11,"end":2270.27},{"text":"would","start":2270.27,"end":2270.43},{"text":"now","start":2270.43,"end":2270.59},{"text":"like","start":2270.59,"end":2270.87},{"text":"to","start":2270.87,"end":2271.07},{"text":"refer","start":2271.07,"end":2271.47},{"text":"to","start":2272.11,"end":2272.27},{"text":"Chapter","start":2272.27,"end":2272.75},{"text":"4","start":2272.91,"end":2273.39},{"text":"of","start":2273.39,"end":2273.47},{"text":"the","start":2273.47,"end":2273.59},{"text":"report","start":2273.59,"end":2274.07},{"text":"entitled","start":2274.07,"end":2274.91},{"text":"\"Immunity","start":2275.55,"end":2276.27},{"text":"of","start":2276.27,"end":2276.35},{"text":"State","start":2276.35,"end":2276.67},{"text":"Officials","start":2276.67,"end":2277.23},{"text":"from","start":2277.23,"end":2277.55},{"text":"Foreign","start":2277.95,"end":2278.43},{"text":"Criminal","start":2278.91,"end":2279.39},{"text":"Justice","start":2279.63,"end":2280.27},{"text":"Jurisdiction\"","start":2280.59,"end":2281.31},{"text":"rather.","start":2281.35,"end":2281.55}]},{"text":"Firstly, I would like to express my thanks for the valuable work and contribution of the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Claudio Grossman-Guloff, who followed on the extensive and well-reasoned work of Senora Concepción Escobar Hernández, whose memory my delegation recalls with deep respect and gratitude.","start":2282.39,"end":2305.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Firstly,","start":2282.39,"end":2282.87},{"text":"I","start":2283.35,"end":2283.59},{"text":"would","start":2283.59,"end":2283.79},{"text":"like","start":2283.79,"end":2284.07},{"text":"to","start":2284.07,"end":2284.39},{"text":"express","start":2284.43,"end":2284.79},{"text":"my","start":2284.79,"end":2284.95},{"text":"thanks","start":2284.95,"end":2285.51},{"text":"for","start":2285.59,"end":2286.03},{"text":"the","start":2286.03,"end":2286.23},{"text":"valuable","start":2286.23,"end":2286.95},{"text":"work","start":2286.95,"end":2287.51},{"text":"and","start":2288.07,"end":2288.39},{"text":"contribution","start":2288.63,"end":2289.43},{"text":"of","start":2289.43,"end":2289.59},{"text":"the","start":2289.59,"end":2289.75},{"text":"Special","start":2289.75,"end":2290.27},{"text":"Rapporteur,","start":2290.27,"end":2291.03},{"text":"Mr.","start":2291.51,"end":2292.79},{"text":"Claudio","start":2292.79,"end":2293.11},{"text":"Grossman-Guloff,","start":2293.11,"end":2293.83},{"text":"who","start":2294.23,"end":2294.55},{"text":"followed","start":2294.55,"end":2295.11},{"text":"on","start":2295.11,"end":2295.51},{"text":"the","start":2295.91,"end":2296.11},{"text":"extensive","start":2296.11,"end":2297.11},{"text":"and","start":2297.11,"end":2297.27},{"text":"well-reasoned","start":2297.27,"end":2298.11},{"text":"work","start":2298.11,"end":2298.63},{"text":"of","start":2298.63,"end":2298.87},{"text":"Senora","start":2299.67,"end":2300.15},{"text":"Concepción","start":2300.15,"end":2300.75},{"text":"Escobar","start":2300.75,"end":2301.15},{"text":"Hernández,","start":2301.15,"end":2301.91},{"text":"whose","start":2302.15,"end":2302.39},{"text":"memory","start":2302.39,"end":2302.95},{"text":"my","start":2302.95,"end":2303.19},{"text":"delegation","start":2303.19,"end":2303.75},{"text":"recalls","start":2303.75,"end":2304.11},{"text":"with","start":2304.11,"end":2304.23},{"text":"deep","start":2304.23,"end":2304.47},{"text":"respect","start":2304.47,"end":2304.83},{"text":"and","start":2304.83,"end":2304.95},{"text":"gratitude.","start":2304.95,"end":2305.59}]},{"text":"Likewise, we welcome the recommendation made by the ILC to the effect that, in accordance with article 23 of its Statute, the General Assembly, at an appropriate time, should convene an international conference of plenipotentiaries and consider drawing up a convention based on draft articles.","start":2307.75,"end":2332.47,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Likewise,","start":2307.75,"end":2308.55},{"text":"we","start":2308.55,"end":2308.79},{"text":"welcome","start":2308.79,"end":2309.27},{"text":"the","start":2309.27,"end":2309.43},{"text":"recommendation","start":2309.43,"end":2310.55},{"text":"made","start":2310.55,"end":2310.87},{"text":"by","start":2310.87,"end":2311.11},{"text":"the","start":2311.11,"end":2311.23},{"text":"ILC","start":2311.27,"end":2312.39},{"text":"to","start":2314.47,"end":2314.59},{"text":"the","start":2314.59,"end":2314.67},{"text":"effect","start":2314.67,"end":2315.03},{"text":"that,","start":2315.03,"end":2315.35},{"text":"in","start":2315.59,"end":2315.79},{"text":"accordance","start":2315.79,"end":2316.31},{"text":"with","start":2316.31,"end":2316.55},{"text":"article","start":2316.55,"end":2317.19},{"text":"23","start":2317.19,"end":2317.91},{"text":"of","start":2317.91,"end":2318.07},{"text":"its","start":2318.07,"end":2318.59},{"text":"Statute,","start":2318.59,"end":2319.07},{"text":"the","start":2319.07,"end":2319.19},{"text":"General","start":2319.19,"end":2319.59},{"text":"Assembly,","start":2319.59,"end":2320.39},{"text":"at","start":2321.51,"end":2321.83},{"text":"an","start":2321.87,"end":2321.99},{"text":"appropriate","start":2321.99,"end":2322.59},{"text":"time,","start":2322.59,"end":2322.95},{"text":"should","start":2322.95,"end":2323.23},{"text":"convene","start":2323.23,"end":2323.91},{"text":"an","start":2324.19,"end":2324.39},{"text":"international","start":2324.39,"end":2324.87},{"text":"conference","start":2324.87,"end":2325.51},{"text":"of","start":2325.51,"end":2325.67},{"text":"plenipotentiaries","start":2325.67,"end":2327.75},{"text":"and","start":2328.15,"end":2328.55},{"text":"consider","start":2328.95,"end":2329.83},{"text":"drawing","start":2329.83,"end":2330.15},{"text":"up","start":2330.15,"end":2330.27},{"text":"a","start":2330.27,"end":2330.31},{"text":"convention","start":2330.31,"end":2330.79},{"text":"based","start":2330.79,"end":2331.27},{"text":"on","start":2331.27,"end":2331.51},{"text":"draft","start":2331.51,"end":2331.91},{"text":"articles.","start":2331.91,"end":2332.47}]},{"text":"We believe that arriving at this recommendation is a significant step forward for the Commission, particularly as it achieved an appropriate balance between the various relevant legal elements in order to ensure the respect of the principle of sovereign equality of states, which lies at the very basis of the immunity of state officials when it comes to foreign criminal jurisdiction.","start":2333.63,"end":2360.35,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2333.63,"end":2333.87},{"text":"believe","start":2333.87,"end":2334.51},{"text":"that","start":2334.51,"end":2334.83},{"text":"arriving","start":2334.83,"end":2335.55},{"text":"at","start":2335.55,"end":2335.71},{"text":"this","start":2335.71,"end":2335.95},{"text":"recommendation","start":2335.95,"end":2336.99},{"text":"is","start":2337.39,"end":2337.67},{"text":"a","start":2337.67,"end":2337.71},{"text":"significant","start":2337.71,"end":2339.23},{"text":"step","start":2339.23,"end":2339.63},{"text":"forward","start":2339.63,"end":2340.27},{"text":"for","start":2340.27,"end":2340.51},{"text":"the","start":2340.51,"end":2340.59},{"text":"Commission,","start":2340.59,"end":2341.15},{"text":"particularly","start":2341.31,"end":2342.27},{"text":"as","start":2342.51,"end":2342.99},{"text":"it","start":2342.99,"end":2343.47},{"text":"achieved","start":2343.47,"end":2344.35},{"text":"an","start":2344.39,"end":2344.51},{"text":"appropriate","start":2344.51,"end":2345.03},{"text":"balance","start":2345.03,"end":2345.55},{"text":"between","start":2345.55,"end":2346.03},{"text":"the","start":2346.03,"end":2346.15},{"text":"various","start":2346.15,"end":2346.75},{"text":"relevant","start":2346.75,"end":2347.31},{"text":"legal","start":2347.31,"end":2347.63},{"text":"elements","start":2347.63,"end":2348.11},{"text":"in","start":2348.11,"end":2348.43},{"text":"order","start":2348.43,"end":2348.67},{"text":"to","start":2348.67,"end":2348.79},{"text":"ensure","start":2348.79,"end":2349.39},{"text":"the","start":2349.55,"end":2349.71},{"text":"respect","start":2349.71,"end":2350.23},{"text":"of","start":2350.23,"end":2350.35},{"text":"the","start":2350.35,"end":2350.43},{"text":"principle","start":2350.43,"end":2350.91},{"text":"of","start":2350.91,"end":2350.99},{"text":"sovereign","start":2350.99,"end":2351.35},{"text":"equality","start":2351.35,"end":2351.87},{"text":"of","start":2351.87,"end":2351.95},{"text":"states,","start":2351.95,"end":2352.51},{"text":"which","start":2352.83,"end":2353.07},{"text":"lies","start":2353.07,"end":2353.39},{"text":"at","start":2353.39,"end":2353.47},{"text":"the","start":2353.47,"end":2353.59},{"text":"very","start":2353.59,"end":2353.79},{"text":"basis","start":2353.79,"end":2354.51},{"text":"of","start":2354.51,"end":2354.83},{"text":"the","start":2354.83,"end":2355.19},{"text":"immunity","start":2355.19,"end":2355.95},{"text":"of","start":2355.95,"end":2356.03},{"text":"state","start":2356.03,"end":2356.35},{"text":"officials","start":2356.35,"end":2356.87},{"text":"when","start":2356.87,"end":2357.07},{"text":"it","start":2357.07,"end":2357.23},{"text":"comes","start":2357.23,"end":2357.71},{"text":"to","start":2357.71,"end":2357.95},{"text":"foreign","start":2358.19,"end":2358.67},{"text":"criminal","start":2359.15,"end":2359.55},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":2359.55,"end":2360.35}]},{"text":"The immunity recognized for state officials pursuant to international law is intended to protect the rights and interests of the state.","start":2361.43,"end":2371.27,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2361.43,"end":2361.71},{"text":"immunity","start":2361.71,"end":2363.11},{"text":"recognized","start":2363.35,"end":2364.47},{"text":"for","start":2364.63,"end":2365.19},{"text":"state","start":2365.27,"end":2365.59},{"text":"officials","start":2365.59,"end":2366.15},{"text":"pursuant","start":2366.15,"end":2366.59},{"text":"to","start":2366.59,"end":2366.67},{"text":"international","start":2366.67,"end":2367.59},{"text":"law","start":2367.59,"end":2367.67},{"text":"is","start":2367.99,"end":2368.15},{"text":"intended","start":2368.15,"end":2368.63},{"text":"to","start":2368.63,"end":2368.71},{"text":"protect","start":2368.71,"end":2369.35},{"text":"the","start":2369.35,"end":2369.47},{"text":"rights","start":2369.51,"end":2369.95},{"text":"and","start":2369.95,"end":2370.15},{"text":"interests","start":2370.15,"end":2370.63},{"text":"of","start":2370.63,"end":2370.71},{"text":"the","start":2370.71,"end":2370.79},{"text":"state.","start":2370.79,"end":2371.27}]},{"text":"As the ICJ indicated, such immunity is not granted ab personam, but rather to ensure the ability to represent the state and discharge state functions.","start":2371.75,"end":2387.99,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":2371.75,"end":2372.15},{"text":"the","start":2372.31,"end":2372.59},{"text":"ICJ","start":2372.79,"end":2373.59},{"text":"indicated,","start":2373.59,"end":2374.39},{"text":"such","start":2375.11,"end":2375.51},{"text":"immunity","start":2375.51,"end":2376.03},{"text":"is","start":2376.03,"end":2376.31},{"text":"not","start":2376.31,"end":2376.71},{"text":"granted","start":2376.87,"end":2377.67},{"text":"ab","start":2378.31,"end":2378.79},{"text":"personam,","start":2378.79,"end":2379.99},{"text":"but","start":2380.31,"end":2380.55},{"text":"rather","start":2380.55,"end":2381.11},{"text":"to","start":2381.11,"end":2381.51},{"text":"ensure","start":2381.59,"end":2382.31},{"text":"the","start":2382.87,"end":2383.07},{"text":"ability","start":2383.51,"end":2384.07},{"text":"to","start":2384.07,"end":2384.19},{"text":"represent","start":2384.19,"end":2384.79},{"text":"the","start":2384.79,"end":2384.87},{"text":"state","start":2384.87,"end":2385.43},{"text":"and","start":2385.43,"end":2385.75},{"text":"discharge","start":2385.83,"end":2386.63},{"text":"state","start":2386.91,"end":2387.27},{"text":"functions.","start":2387.27,"end":2387.99}]},{"text":"However, we are concerned at the difference based on the list of crimes regarding which immunity ratione materiae would not be applicable.","start":2388.71,"end":2400.55,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":2388.71,"end":2389.31},{"text":"we","start":2389.43,"end":2389.59},{"text":"are","start":2389.59,"end":2389.75},{"text":"concerned","start":2389.75,"end":2390.63},{"text":"at","start":2391.03,"end":2391.27},{"text":"the","start":2391.27,"end":2391.51},{"text":"difference","start":2391.67,"end":2392.71},{"text":"based","start":2393.35,"end":2393.79},{"text":"on","start":2393.79,"end":2393.91},{"text":"the","start":2393.91,"end":2394.07},{"text":"list","start":2394.07,"end":2394.47},{"text":"of","start":2395.07,"end":2395.27},{"text":"crimes","start":2395.35,"end":2395.99},{"text":"regarding","start":2396.87,"end":2397.43},{"text":"which","start":2397.43,"end":2397.83},{"text":"immunity","start":2397.83,"end":2398.55},{"text":"ratione","start":2398.55,"end":2398.95},{"text":"materiae","start":2398.95,"end":2399.43},{"text":"would","start":2399.43,"end":2399.59},{"text":"not","start":2399.59,"end":2399.83},{"text":"be","start":2399.83,"end":2399.95},{"text":"applicable.","start":2399.95,"end":2400.55}]},{"text":"Although this happened during the discussions in April 2026, my delegation appreciates the endeavours carried out subsequently by the IOC to arrive at the text presented today.","start":2401.63,"end":2417.03,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. 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Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2428.63,"end":2428.79},{"text":"was","start":2428.79,"end":2428.91},{"text":"approved","start":2428.91,"end":2429.27},{"text":"by","start":2429.27,"end":2429.51},{"text":"consensus.","start":2429.51,"end":2430.39}]},{"text":"In this context, although there are still differences of opinion amongst those who favour a closed list of crimes and those preferring an approach based on general criteria, my delegation prizes the security and legal certainty that would come from a clearly defined list, without this excluding the continuing development of international law.","start":2431.03,"end":2452.87,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. 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Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":2481.87,"end":2482.07},{"text":"it","start":2482.07,"end":2482.15},{"text":"comes","start":2482.15,"end":2482.47},{"text":"to","start":2482.47,"end":2482.55},{"text":"procedural","start":2482.55,"end":2483.19},{"text":"safeguards,","start":2483.19,"end":2484.03},{"text":"we","start":2484.55,"end":2485.03},{"text":"welcome","start":2485.27,"end":2485.67},{"text":"the","start":2485.91,"end":2486.19},{"text":"balanced","start":2488.15,"end":2488.95},{"text":"strengthening","start":2489.03,"end":2489.91},{"text":"of","start":2489.95,"end":2490.11},{"text":"various","start":2490.11,"end":2490.47},{"text":"elements","start":2490.47,"end":2490.95},{"text":"here.","start":2490.95,"end":2491.07}]},{"text":"In particular, we would highlight Article 9, paragraph 3, where there is a reference to channels of communication accepted by states involved.","start":2491.07,"end":2500.59,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. 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would be possible to explore paths whereby the Commission would contribute to enriching existing multilateral discussions on issues such as the applicability of international law to 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strategic relevance of this continues to increase.","start":2715.43,"end":2719.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2715.43,"end":2715.71},{"text":"strategic","start":2715.71,"end":2716.47},{"text":"relevance","start":2716.47,"end":2717.31},{"text":"of","start":2717.31,"end":2717.43},{"text":"this","start":2717.43,"end":2717.67},{"text":"continues","start":2717.91,"end":2718.47},{"text":"to","start":2718.47,"end":2718.63},{"text":"increase.","start":2718.63,"end":2719.19}]},{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":2719.67,"end":2720.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2719.67,"end":2719.99},{"text":"you","start":2719.99,"end":2720.07},{"text":"very","start":2720.07,"end":2720.23},{"text":"much.","start":2720.23,"end":2720.71}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"SLV","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"El Salvador"}},{"statement_number":11,"start":2726.23,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/81/31?lang=en&t=45:27","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of El Salvador for his statement.","start":2726.23,"end":2730.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2726.23,"end":2726.31},{"text":"thank","start":2726.31,"end":2726.55},{"text":"the","start":2726.55,"end":2726.67},{"text":"distinguished","start":2726.67,"end":2727.27},{"text":"representative","start":2727.27,"end":2727.99},{"text":"of","start":2727.99,"end":2728.15},{"text":"El","start":2728.31,"end":2728.43},{"text":"Salvador","start":2728.47,"end":2729.11},{"text":"for","start":2729.11,"end":2729.27},{"text":"his","start":2729.27,"end":2729.47},{"text":"statement.","start":2729.47,"end":2730.15}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Saudi 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underscore the importance of established international law rules.","start":2748.55,"end":2752.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2748.55,"end":2748.71},{"text":"underscore","start":2748.71,"end":2749.27},{"text":"the","start":2749.27,"end":2749.35},{"text":"importance","start":2749.35,"end":2749.99},{"text":"of","start":2749.99,"end":2750.15},{"text":"established","start":2750.15,"end":2750.75},{"text":"international","start":2750.75,"end":2751.55},{"text":"law","start":2751.55,"end":2751.67},{"text":"rules.","start":2751.67,"end":2752.31}]},{"text":"and state practices in order to promote legal certainty and stability of international 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sea level rise in relation to international law, we have taken note of the study group.","start":2769.39,"end":2775.07,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. 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They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":2781.39,"end":2781.63},{"text":"also","start":2781.63,"end":2781.95},{"text":"important","start":2781.95,"end":2782.55},{"text":"to","start":2782.55,"end":2782.63},{"text":"make","start":2782.63,"end":2782.91},{"text":"a","start":2782.91,"end":2782.95},{"text":"distinction","start":2782.95,"end":2783.47},{"text":"between","start":2783.47,"end":2783.79},{"text":"established","start":2783.79,"end":2784.43},{"text":"legal","start":2784.43,"end":2784.75},{"text":"rules","start":2784.75,"end":2785.07},{"text":"and","start":2785.07,"end":2785.23},{"text":"proposals","start":2785.23,"end":2785.79},{"text":"that","start":2785.79,"end":2786.03},{"text":"require","start":2786.03,"end":2786.51},{"text":"further","start":2786.51,"end":2786.91},{"text":"state","start":2786.91,"end":2787.19},{"text":"practices","start":2787.19,"end":2787.71},{"text":"to","start":2787.71,"end":2787.87},{"text":"be","start":2787.87,"end":2787.99},{"text":"accepted","start":2787.99,"end":2788.59},{"text":"as","start":2788.63,"end":2788.71},{"text":"a","start":2788.71,"end":2788.75},{"text":"rule","start":2788.75,"end":2788.95},{"text":"of","start":2788.95,"end":2789.07},{"text":"law.","start":2789.11,"end":2789.31}]},{"text":"We underscore that international response to climate change must be grounded in the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement.","start":2790.35,"end":2798.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2790.35,"end":2790.51},{"text":"underscore","start":2790.51,"end":2791.23},{"text":"that","start":2791.23,"end":2791.55},{"text":"international","start":2791.55,"end":2792.15},{"text":"response","start":2792.15,"end":2792.67},{"text":"to","start":2792.67,"end":2792.83},{"text":"climate","start":2792.83,"end":2793.23},{"text":"change","start":2793.23,"end":2793.55},{"text":"must","start":2793.63,"end":2793.91},{"text":"be","start":2793.91,"end":2794.03},{"text":"grounded","start":2794.03,"end":2794.67},{"text":"in","start":2794.67,"end":2794.99},{"text":"the","start":2795.07,"end":2795.27},{"text":"UNFCCC","start":2795.31,"end":2796.67},{"text":"and","start":2797.07,"end":2797.35},{"text":"the","start":2797.35,"end":2797.59},{"text":"Paris","start":2797.63,"end":2798.15},{"text":"Agreement.","start":2798.15,"end":2798.83}]},{"text":"in accordance with the principles of equity and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities in light of different national circumstances.","start":2800.11,"end":2811.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"in","start":2800.11,"end":2800.27},{"text":"accordance","start":2800.27,"end":2800.91},{"text":"with","start":2800.91,"end":2801.03},{"text":"the","start":2801.03,"end":2801.15},{"text":"principles","start":2801.15,"end":2801.95},{"text":"of","start":2802.11,"end":2802.59},{"text":"equity","start":2802.59,"end":2803.23},{"text":"and","start":2803.47,"end":2803.75},{"text":"the","start":2803.75,"end":2803.87},{"text":"principle","start":2803.87,"end":2804.43},{"text":"of","start":2804.43,"end":2804.67},{"text":"common","start":2804.67,"end":2804.91},{"text":"but","start":2804.91,"end":2805.11},{"text":"differentiated","start":2805.11,"end":2805.87},{"text":"responsibilities","start":2805.87,"end":2806.75},{"text":"and","start":2806.75,"end":2806.91},{"text":"respective","start":2806.91,"end":2807.63},{"text":"capabilities","start":2807.79,"end":2808.63},{"text":"in","start":2808.75,"end":2808.95},{"text":"light","start":2808.95,"end":2809.19},{"text":"of","start":2809.19,"end":2809.31},{"text":"different","start":2809.31,"end":2809.75},{"text":"national","start":2809.75,"end":2810.19},{"text":"circumstances.","start":2810.19,"end":2811.07}]},{"text":"The study group had a clear mandate to look into legal issues linked to the law of the sea and the continuity of statehood and protection of persons.","start":2811.31,"end":2819.39,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2811.31,"end":2811.47},{"text":"study","start":2811.47,"end":2811.79},{"text":"group","start":2811.79,"end":2812.11},{"text":"had","start":2812.11,"end":2812.43},{"text":"a","start":2812.67,"end":2812.71},{"text":"clear","start":2812.71,"end":2813.07},{"text":"mandate","start":2813.07,"end":2813.63},{"text":"to","start":2813.79,"end":2814.03},{"text":"look","start":2814.03,"end":2814.19},{"text":"into","start":2814.19,"end":2814.51},{"text":"legal","start":2814.51,"end":2814.83},{"text":"issues","start":2814.83,"end":2815.15},{"text":"linked","start":2815.15,"end":2815.47},{"text":"to","start":2815.47,"end":2815.55},{"text":"the","start":2815.55,"end":2815.71},{"text":"law","start":2815.71,"end":2815.91},{"text":"of","start":2815.91,"end":2816.03},{"text":"the","start":2816.03,"end":2816.15},{"text":"sea","start":2816.15,"end":2816.51},{"text":"and","start":2816.51,"end":2816.71},{"text":"the","start":2816.71,"end":2816.79},{"text":"continuity","start":2816.79,"end":2817.39},{"text":"of","start":2817.39,"end":2817.51},{"text":"statehood","start":2817.51,"end":2818.03},{"text":"and","start":2818.03,"end":2818.23},{"text":"protection","start":2818.23,"end":2818.75},{"text":"of","start":2818.75,"end":2818.91},{"text":"persons.","start":2818.91,"end":2819.39}]},{"text":"The mandate did not include climate change, causality, or legal responsibility or liability or responsibility of states.","start":2819.55,"end":2827.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2819.55,"end":2819.75},{"text":"mandate","start":2819.75,"end":2820.15},{"text":"did","start":2820.15,"end":2820.31},{"text":"not","start":2820.31,"end":2820.55},{"text":"include","start":2820.55,"end":2820.99},{"text":"climate","start":2820.99,"end":2821.47},{"text":"change,","start":2821.47,"end":2821.87},{"text":"causality,","start":2822.03,"end":2822.75},{"text":"or","start":2822.83,"end":2823.23},{"text":"legal","start":2823.27,"end":2823.59},{"text":"responsibility","start":2823.59,"end":2824.51},{"text":"or","start":2824.51,"end":2824.91},{"text":"liability","start":2824.91,"end":2825.63},{"text":"or","start":2825.63,"end":2825.83},{"text":"responsibility","start":2825.83,"end":2826.55},{"text":"of","start":2826.55,"end":2826.67},{"text":"states.","start":2826.67,"end":2827.07}]},{"text":"The report cannot be used as a basis to interpret existing obligations under international agreements on climate change, or to create new primary obligations, or to create obligations to compensation, or to change treaties.","start":2827.39,"end":2842.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2827.39,"end":2827.59},{"text":"report","start":2827.59,"end":2828.03},{"text":"cannot","start":2828.03,"end":2828.43},{"text":"be","start":2828.43,"end":2828.59},{"text":"used","start":2828.59,"end":2828.83},{"text":"as","start":2828.83,"end":2828.99},{"text":"a","start":2828.99,"end":2829.07},{"text":"basis","start":2829.07,"end":2829.55},{"text":"to","start":2829.55,"end":2829.67},{"text":"interpret","start":2830.07,"end":2830.59},{"text":"existing","start":2830.59,"end":2831.03},{"text":"obligations","start":2831.95,"end":2832.63},{"text":"under","start":2832.63,"end":2832.99},{"text":"international","start":2832.99,"end":2833.63},{"text":"agreements","start":2833.63,"end":2834.11},{"text":"on","start":2834.11,"end":2834.27},{"text":"climate","start":2834.27,"end":2834.71},{"text":"change,","start":2834.71,"end":2834.99},{"text":"or","start":2835.31,"end":2835.43},{"text":"to","start":2835.43,"end":2835.71},{"text":"create","start":2835.71,"end":2836.19},{"text":"new","start":2836.27,"end":2836.67},{"text":"primary","start":2836.83,"end":2837.39},{"text":"obligations,","start":2837.39,"end":2838.19},{"text":"or","start":2838.43,"end":2838.75},{"text":"to","start":2838.75,"end":2838.95},{"text":"create","start":2838.95,"end":2839.31},{"text":"obligations","start":2839.31,"end":2840.11},{"text":"to","start":2840.11,"end":2840.35},{"text":"compensation,","start":2840.35,"end":2841.15},{"text":"or","start":2841.15,"end":2841.47},{"text":"to","start":2841.47,"end":2841.63},{"text":"change","start":2841.63,"end":2842.11},{"text":"treaties.","start":2842.27,"end":2842.91}]},{"text":"On immunity of state officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction, we have taken note of the ILC's adoption of 17 draft articles and the commentaries thereto on second reading.","start":2843.71,"end":2853.87,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":2843.71,"end":2843.91},{"text":"immunity","start":2843.91,"end":2844.43},{"text":"of","start":2844.47,"end":2844.59},{"text":"state","start":2844.59,"end":2844.91},{"text":"officials","start":2844.91,"end":2845.39},{"text":"from","start":2845.39,"end":2845.63},{"text":"foreign","start":2845.63,"end":2845.95},{"text":"criminal","start":2845.95,"end":2846.43},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":2846.43,"end":2847.15},{"text":"we","start":2847.39,"end":2847.51},{"text":"have","start":2847.51,"end":2847.71},{"text":"taken","start":2847.71,"end":2848.07},{"text":"note","start":2848.07,"end":2848.39},{"text":"of","start":2848.39,"end":2848.47},{"text":"the","start":2848.47,"end":2848.55},{"text":"ILC's","start":2848.59,"end":2849.27},{"text":"adoption","start":2849.27,"end":2849.79},{"text":"of","start":2849.79,"end":2849.87},{"text":"17","start":2849.87,"end":2850.43},{"text":"draft","start":2850.43,"end":2850.83},{"text":"articles","start":2850.83,"end":2851.35},{"text":"and","start":2851.35,"end":2851.51},{"text":"the","start":2851.51,"end":2851.59},{"text":"commentaries","start":2851.59,"end":2852.27},{"text":"thereto","start":2852.35,"end":2852.83},{"text":"on","start":2852.83,"end":2853.07},{"text":"second","start":2853.07,"end":2853.47},{"text":"reading.","start":2853.47,"end":2853.87}]},{"text":"We do not support the outcome of the ILC in its current form.","start":2854.11,"end":2857.87,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2854.11,"end":2854.35},{"text":"do","start":2854.35,"end":2854.43},{"text":"not","start":2854.43,"end":2854.63},{"text":"support","start":2854.63,"end":2855.23},{"text":"the","start":2855.23,"end":2855.35},{"text":"outcome","start":2855.35,"end":2855.79},{"text":"of","start":2855.79,"end":2855.95},{"text":"the","start":2855.95,"end":2856.07},{"text":"ILC","start":2856.11,"end":2856.67},{"text":"in","start":2856.91,"end":2857.07},{"text":"its","start":2857.07,"end":2857.23},{"text":"current","start":2857.23,"end":2857.55},{"text":"form.","start":2857.55,"end":2857.87}]},{"text":"because this is legally problematic with respect to the principle of sovereign equality.","start":2858.39,"end":2864.31,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"because","start":2858.39,"end":2858.79},{"text":"this","start":2858.87,"end":2859.19},{"text":"is","start":2859.19,"end":2859.51},{"text":"legally","start":2859.99,"end":2860.47},{"text":"problematic","start":2860.47,"end":2861.43},{"text":"with","start":2861.59,"end":2861.83},{"text":"respect","start":2861.83,"end":2862.27},{"text":"to","start":2862.27,"end":2862.39},{"text":"the","start":2862.39,"end":2862.47},{"text":"principle","start":2862.47,"end":2863.03},{"text":"of","start":2863.03,"end":2863.19},{"text":"sovereign","start":2863.19,"end":2863.59},{"text":"equality.","start":2863.59,"end":2864.31}]},{"text":"We question the extent to which some provisions are grounded in established rules of customary international law.","start":2865.19,"end":2871.35,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2865.19,"end":2865.35},{"text":"question","start":2865.35,"end":2865.75},{"text":"the","start":2865.75,"end":2865.87},{"text":"extent","start":2865.87,"end":2866.27},{"text":"to","start":2866.27,"end":2866.35},{"text":"which","start":2866.35,"end":2866.79},{"text":"some","start":2866.79,"end":2867.11},{"text":"provisions","start":2867.11,"end":2867.79},{"text":"are","start":2867.79,"end":2867.99},{"text":"grounded","start":2867.99,"end":2868.47},{"text":"in","start":2868.47,"end":2868.63},{"text":"established","start":2868.63,"end":2869.27},{"text":"rules","start":2869.27,"end":2869.67},{"text":"of","start":2869.67,"end":2869.83},{"text":"customary","start":2869.83,"end":2870.43},{"text":"international","start":2870.43,"end":2871.15},{"text":"law.","start":2871.15,"end":2871.35}]},{"text":"The immunity of state officials is not a mere procedural issue.","start":2871.67,"end":2875.35,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2871.67,"end":2871.87},{"text":"immunity","start":2871.87,"end":2872.39},{"text":"of","start":2872.39,"end":2872.55},{"text":"state","start":2872.55,"end":2872.87},{"text":"officials","start":2872.87,"end":2873.43},{"text":"is","start":2873.43,"end":2873.55},{"text":"not","start":2873.55,"end":2873.87},{"text":"a","start":2873.87,"end":2873.91},{"text":"mere","start":2873.91,"end":2874.31},{"text":"procedural","start":2874.31,"end":2875.03},{"text":"issue.","start":2875.03,"end":2875.35}]},{"text":"In addition, it's not appropriate to limit immunity ratione personae to the position of the Troika.","start":2875.75,"end":2880.95,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2875.75,"end":2875.95},{"text":"addition,","start":2875.95,"end":2876.27},{"text":"it's","start":2876.27,"end":2876.55},{"text":"not","start":2876.55,"end":2876.79},{"text":"appropriate","start":2876.79,"end":2877.43},{"text":"to","start":2877.43,"end":2877.51},{"text":"limit","start":2877.51,"end":2877.91},{"text":"immunity","start":2877.91,"end":2878.47},{"text":"ratione","start":2878.47,"end":2878.87},{"text":"personae","start":2878.95,"end":2879.43},{"text":"to","start":2879.43,"end":2879.67},{"text":"the","start":2879.67,"end":2879.75},{"text":"position","start":2879.75,"end":2880.23},{"text":"of","start":2880.23,"end":2880.35},{"text":"the","start":2880.35,"end":2880.47},{"text":"Troika.","start":2880.47,"end":2880.95}]},{"text":"immunity ratione personae must also be extended to cover senior officials.","start":2885.35,"end":2890.15,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"immunity","start":2885.35,"end":2885.99},{"text":"ratione","start":2885.99,"end":2886.47},{"text":"personae","start":2886.47,"end":2887.03},{"text":"must","start":2887.03,"end":2887.35},{"text":"also","start":2887.35,"end":2887.75},{"text":"be","start":2887.91,"end":2888.23},{"text":"extended","start":2888.23,"end":2888.71},{"text":"to","start":2888.71,"end":2888.87},{"text":"cover","start":2888.87,"end":2889.19},{"text":"senior","start":2889.19,"end":2889.59},{"text":"officials.","start":2889.59,"end":2890.15}]},{"text":"This inclusion does not take into consideration the sovereign and representative nature of functions performed by other senior officials.","start":2890.31,"end":2897.19,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2890.31,"end":2890.55},{"text":"inclusion","start":2890.55,"end":2891.27},{"text":"does","start":2891.27,"end":2891.43},{"text":"not","start":2891.43,"end":2891.63},{"text":"take","start":2891.63,"end":2891.83},{"text":"into","start":2891.83,"end":2892.07},{"text":"consideration","start":2892.07,"end":2892.79},{"text":"the","start":2892.79,"end":2892.91},{"text":"sovereign","start":2892.91,"end":2893.35},{"text":"and","start":2893.35,"end":2893.55},{"text":"representative","start":2893.55,"end":2894.31},{"text":"nature","start":2894.31,"end":2894.71},{"text":"of","start":2894.71,"end":2894.83},{"text":"functions","start":2894.83,"end":2895.27},{"text":"performed","start":2895.27,"end":2895.75},{"text":"by","start":2895.75,"end":2895.91},{"text":"other","start":2895.99,"end":2896.23},{"text":"senior","start":2896.23,"end":2896.63},{"text":"officials.","start":2896.63,"end":2897.19}]},{"text":"We express our reservation over draft Article 6 on international crimes to which immunity ratione materiae does not apply.","start":2897.43,"end":2904.23,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2897.43,"end":2897.55},{"text":"express","start":2897.55,"end":2897.99},{"text":"our","start":2897.99,"end":2898.11},{"text":"reservation","start":2898.15,"end":2898.87},{"text":"over","start":2898.87,"end":2899.11},{"text":"draft","start":2899.11,"end":2899.51},{"text":"Article","start":2899.51,"end":2899.95},{"text":"6","start":2899.99,"end":2900.27},{"text":"on","start":2900.47,"end":2900.63},{"text":"international","start":2900.63,"end":2901.27},{"text":"crimes","start":2901.27,"end":2901.67},{"text":"to","start":2901.67,"end":2901.79},{"text":"which","start":2901.79,"end":2902.07},{"text":"immunity","start":2902.07,"end":2902.55},{"text":"ratione","start":2902.55,"end":2902.95},{"text":"materiae","start":2902.95,"end":2903.43},{"text":"does","start":2903.43,"end":2903.67},{"text":"not","start":2903.67,"end":2903.87},{"text":"apply.","start":2903.87,"end":2904.23}]},{"text":"Gravity of crimes does not suffice to prove an exception from immunity under international customary law.","start":2904.63,"end":2911.39,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Gravity","start":2904.63,"end":2905.11},{"text":"of","start":2905.11,"end":2905.27},{"text":"crimes","start":2905.27,"end":2905.63},{"text":"does","start":2905.63,"end":2905.79},{"text":"not","start":2905.79,"end":2905.99},{"text":"suffice","start":2905.99,"end":2906.47},{"text":"to","start":2906.47,"end":2906.55},{"text":"prove","start":2906.55,"end":2907.03},{"text":"an","start":2907.83,"end":2907.95},{"text":"exception","start":2907.95,"end":2908.67},{"text":"from","start":2908.67,"end":2909.07},{"text":"immunity","start":2909.07,"end":2909.63},{"text":"under","start":2909.63,"end":2910.03},{"text":"international","start":2910.03,"end":2910.67},{"text":"customary","start":2910.67,"end":2911.23},{"text":"law.","start":2911.23,"end":2911.39}]},{"text":"The list of crimes proposed is problematic too, in light of limited international practice, the non-universality of some instruments reference, and the risk of politicizing the exercise of foreign criminal jurisdiction, mainly with respect to crime of aggression.","start":2911.87,"end":2927.39,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2911.87,"end":2911.99},{"text":"list","start":2912.03,"end":2912.27},{"text":"of","start":2912.27,"end":2912.43},{"text":"crimes","start":2912.43,"end":2912.87},{"text":"proposed","start":2912.87,"end":2913.47},{"text":"is","start":2913.47,"end":2913.63},{"text":"problematic","start":2913.63,"end":2914.35},{"text":"too,","start":2914.35,"end":2914.67},{"text":"in","start":2914.99,"end":2915.15},{"text":"light","start":2915.15,"end":2915.43},{"text":"of","start":2915.43,"end":2915.55},{"text":"limited","start":2915.55,"end":2915.99},{"text":"international","start":2915.99,"end":2916.67},{"text":"practice,","start":2916.67,"end":2917.23},{"text":"the","start":2917.39,"end":2917.63},{"text":"non-universality","start":2917.63,"end":2918.75},{"text":"of","start":2918.75,"end":2918.91},{"text":"some","start":2918.91,"end":2919.23},{"text":"instruments","start":2919.23,"end":2919.87},{"text":"reference,","start":2919.87,"end":2920.43},{"text":"and","start":2920.75,"end":2920.95},{"text":"the","start":2920.95,"end":2921.03},{"text":"risk","start":2921.03,"end":2921.35},{"text":"of","start":2921.35,"end":2921.47},{"text":"politicizing","start":2921.47,"end":2922.27},{"text":"the","start":2922.27,"end":2922.39},{"text":"exercise","start":2922.39,"end":2923.07},{"text":"of","start":2923.07,"end":2923.19},{"text":"foreign","start":2923.19,"end":2923.55},{"text":"criminal","start":2923.55,"end":2924.03},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":2924.03,"end":2924.91},{"text":"mainly","start":2925.15,"end":2925.47},{"text":"with","start":2925.47,"end":2925.63},{"text":"respect","start":2925.63,"end":2926.15},{"text":"to","start":2926.15,"end":2926.23},{"text":"crime","start":2926.23,"end":2926.59},{"text":"of","start":2926.59,"end":2926.75},{"text":"aggression.","start":2926.79,"end":2927.39}]},{"text":"We underscore the importance of strengthening procedural safeguards, including the prior notification to the state of official.","start":2928.63,"end":2936.59,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2928.63,"end":2928.75},{"text":"underscore","start":2928.75,"end":2929.31},{"text":"the","start":2929.31,"end":2929.39},{"text":"importance","start":2929.39,"end":2929.99},{"text":"of","start":2929.99,"end":2930.07},{"text":"strengthening","start":2930.07,"end":2930.63},{"text":"procedural","start":2930.63,"end":2931.31},{"text":"safeguards,","start":2931.35,"end":2931.91},{"text":"including","start":2931.91,"end":2932.63},{"text":"the","start":2932.79,"end":2933.07},{"text":"prior","start":2933.11,"end":2933.47},{"text":"notification","start":2933.47,"end":2935.23},{"text":"to","start":2935.23,"end":2935.43},{"text":"the","start":2935.43,"end":2935.55},{"text":"state","start":2935.55,"end":2935.91},{"text":"of","start":2935.91,"end":2936.07},{"text":"official.","start":2936.07,"end":2936.59}]},{"text":"Any delay invoking immunity must not be construed to mean a waiver.","start":2936.87,"end":2941.75,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":2936.87,"end":2937.15},{"text":"delay","start":2937.15,"end":2937.43},{"text":"invoking","start":2937.43,"end":2938.15},{"text":"immunity","start":2938.15,"end":2938.87},{"text":"must","start":2938.87,"end":2939.11},{"text":"not","start":2939.11,"end":2939.35},{"text":"be","start":2939.35,"end":2939.67},{"text":"construed","start":2939.83,"end":2940.35},{"text":"to","start":2940.35,"end":2940.47},{"text":"mean","start":2940.47,"end":2940.87},{"text":"a","start":2940.87,"end":2940.91},{"text":"waiver.","start":2940.91,"end":2941.75}]},{"text":"The state of official must be consulted with before a coercive measure is taken.","start":2941.91,"end":2946.87,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2941.91,"end":2942.11},{"text":"state","start":2942.11,"end":2942.43},{"text":"of","start":2942.43,"end":2942.55},{"text":"official","start":2942.55,"end":2942.99},{"text":"must","start":2942.99,"end":2943.19},{"text":"be","start":2943.19,"end":2943.39},{"text":"consulted","start":2943.39,"end":2944.63},{"text":"with","start":2944.63,"end":2944.87},{"text":"before","start":2944.87,"end":2945.27},{"text":"a","start":2945.43,"end":2945.47},{"text":"coercive","start":2945.47,"end":2945.91},{"text":"measure","start":2945.91,"end":2946.23},{"text":"is","start":2946.23,"end":2946.43},{"text":"taken.","start":2946.43,"end":2946.87}]},{"text":"We underscore that the jurisdiction of international courts must be grounded in state consent.","start":2947.03,"end":2951.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2947.03,"end":2947.23},{"text":"underscore","start":2947.23,"end":2947.83},{"text":"that","start":2947.83,"end":2947.99},{"text":"the","start":2947.99,"end":2948.15},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":2948.15,"end":2948.87},{"text":"of","start":2948.87,"end":2949.03},{"text":"international","start":2949.03,"end":2949.75},{"text":"courts","start":2949.75,"end":2949.99},{"text":"must","start":2949.99,"end":2950.23},{"text":"be","start":2950.23,"end":2950.31},{"text":"grounded","start":2950.31,"end":2950.79},{"text":"in","start":2950.79,"end":2950.95},{"text":"state","start":2950.95,"end":2951.51},{"text":"consent.","start":2951.51,"end":2951.99}]},{"text":"We express our concern because some contentious issues are referred to the commentaries instead of being settled.","start":2952.15,"end":2958.51,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2952.15,"end":2952.27},{"text":"express","start":2952.27,"end":2952.79},{"text":"our","start":2952.79,"end":2953.03},{"text":"concern","start":2953.03,"end":2953.51},{"text":"because","start":2953.51,"end":2953.91},{"text":"some","start":2953.91,"end":2954.15},{"text":"contentious","start":2954.15,"end":2954.67},{"text":"issues","start":2954.71,"end":2955.11},{"text":"are","start":2955.27,"end":2955.63},{"text":"referred","start":2955.63,"end":2956.07},{"text":"to","start":2956.23,"end":2956.35},{"text":"the","start":2956.39,"end":2956.51},{"text":"commentaries","start":2956.51,"end":2957.27},{"text":"instead","start":2957.31,"end":2957.71},{"text":"of","start":2957.71,"end":2957.83},{"text":"being","start":2957.83,"end":2958.07},{"text":"settled.","start":2958.07,"end":2958.51}]},{"text":"in these articles themselves.","start":2958.71,"end":2960.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"in","start":2958.71,"end":2958.87},{"text":"these","start":2958.87,"end":2959.11},{"text":"articles","start":2959.27,"end":2959.79},{"text":"themselves.","start":2959.79,"end":2960.31}]},{"text":"We do not believe that the current draft articles are an appropriate foundation to adopt an international convention.","start":2960.47,"end":2967.91,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2960.47,"end":2960.63},{"text":"do","start":2960.63,"end":2960.79},{"text":"not","start":2960.79,"end":2960.95},{"text":"believe","start":2960.95,"end":2961.35},{"text":"that","start":2961.35,"end":2961.47},{"text":"the","start":2961.47,"end":2961.55},{"text":"current","start":2961.59,"end":2962.15},{"text":"draft","start":2962.15,"end":2962.55},{"text":"articles","start":2962.55,"end":2963.11},{"text":"are","start":2963.35,"end":2963.63},{"text":"an","start":2963.63,"end":2963.75},{"text":"appropriate","start":2963.75,"end":2964.47},{"text":"foundation","start":2964.47,"end":2965.27},{"text":"to","start":2965.27,"end":2965.51},{"text":"adopt","start":2965.51,"end":2966.15},{"text":"an","start":2966.19,"end":2966.27},{"text":"international","start":2966.47,"end":2967.31},{"text":"convention.","start":2967.31,"end":2967.91}]},{"text":"We must further consider these draft articles in full caution.","start":2968.23,"end":2972.55,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2968.23,"end":2968.39},{"text":"must","start":2968.39,"end":2968.79},{"text":"further","start":2968.79,"end":2969.19},{"text":"consider","start":2969.19,"end":2969.91},{"text":"these","start":2969.91,"end":2970.39},{"text":"draft","start":2970.55,"end":2971.03},{"text":"articles","start":2971.03,"end":2971.63},{"text":"in","start":2971.63,"end":2971.83},{"text":"full","start":2971.83,"end":2971.99},{"text":"caution.","start":2971.99,"end":2972.55}]},{"text":"Any such decision must be grounded on consensus among countries.","start":2972.63,"end":2976.07,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":2972.63,"end":2972.95},{"text":"such","start":2972.95,"end":2973.19},{"text":"decision","start":2973.19,"end":2973.67},{"text":"must","start":2973.67,"end":2973.91},{"text":"be","start":2973.91,"end":2974.07},{"text":"grounded","start":2974.07,"end":2974.55},{"text":"on","start":2974.55,"end":2974.71},{"text":"consensus","start":2974.71,"end":2975.27},{"text":"among","start":2975.27,"end":2975.59},{"text":"countries.","start":2975.59,"end":2976.07}]},{"text":"On the general principles of law, we welcome the adoption of the community of nations instead of civilized nations.","start":2976.35,"end":2983.27,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":2976.35,"end":2976.47},{"text":"the","start":2976.47,"end":2976.59},{"text":"general","start":2976.59,"end":2977.03},{"text":"principles","start":2977.03,"end":2977.59},{"text":"of","start":2977.59,"end":2977.75},{"text":"law,","start":2977.75,"end":2977.99},{"text":"we","start":2978.15,"end":2978.31},{"text":"welcome","start":2978.35,"end":2978.71},{"text":"the","start":2978.71,"end":2978.83},{"text":"adoption","start":2978.87,"end":2979.51},{"text":"of","start":2979.51,"end":2979.75},{"text":"the","start":2979.83,"end":2979.99},{"text":"community","start":2979.99,"end":2980.59},{"text":"of","start":2980.59,"end":2980.71},{"text":"nations","start":2980.71,"end":2981.27},{"text":"instead","start":2981.27,"end":2981.83},{"text":"of","start":2981.83,"end":2982.15},{"text":"civilized","start":2982.23,"end":2982.79},{"text":"nations.","start":2982.79,"end":2983.27}]},{"text":"There must be a broad and representative comparative analysis of all legal regimes when identifying and determining general principles of law.","start":2983.51,"end":2991.75,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":2983.51,"end":2983.75},{"text":"must","start":2983.75,"end":2984.15},{"text":"be","start":2984.15,"end":2984.47},{"text":"a","start":2984.71,"end":2984.75},{"text":"broad","start":2984.75,"end":2985.19},{"text":"and","start":2985.19,"end":2985.43},{"text":"representative","start":2985.43,"end":2986.31},{"text":"comparative","start":2986.39,"end":2986.95},{"text":"analysis","start":2986.95,"end":2987.55},{"text":"of","start":2987.63,"end":2987.75},{"text":"all","start":2987.83,"end":2987.95},{"text":"legal","start":2987.95,"end":2988.27},{"text":"regimes","start":2988.27,"end":2988.51},{"text":"when","start":2988.75,"end":2989.03},{"text":"identifying","start":2989.03,"end":2989.67},{"text":"and","start":2989.67,"end":2989.87},{"text":"determining","start":2989.87,"end":2990.47},{"text":"general","start":2990.47,"end":2990.79},{"text":"principles","start":2990.79,"end":2991.35},{"text":"of","start":2991.35,"end":2991.43},{"text":"law.","start":2991.59,"end":2991.75}]},{"text":"In addition, we must underscore the importance of the transposition to the legal international system.","start":2991.99,"end":2998.55,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2991.99,"end":2992.19},{"text":"addition,","start":2992.19,"end":2992.71},{"text":"we","start":2992.79,"end":2992.95},{"text":"must","start":2992.95,"end":2993.35},{"text":"underscore","start":2993.75,"end":2994.31},{"text":"the","start":2994.31,"end":2994.39},{"text":"importance","start":2994.39,"end":2994.95},{"text":"of","start":2994.95,"end":2995.15},{"text":"the","start":2995.15,"end":2995.23},{"text":"transposition","start":2995.27,"end":2996.31},{"text":"to","start":2996.63,"end":2996.79},{"text":"the","start":2996.79,"end":2996.91},{"text":"legal","start":2996.91,"end":2997.27},{"text":"international","start":2997.27,"end":2998.19},{"text":"system.","start":2998.19,"end":2998.55}]},{"text":"We must continue to make a distinction between the sources of international law, and the commentaries must be clear and consistent, and they must not be used in order to create new legal obligations without recognized basis.","start":2998.79,"end":3013.67,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. 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Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, State responsibility, and countermeasures taken in the collective 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must not be new obligations without any applicable legal basis.","start":3029.39,"end":3033.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":3029.39,"end":3029.55},{"text":"must","start":3029.55,"end":3029.75},{"text":"not","start":3029.75,"end":3030.03},{"text":"be","start":3030.03,"end":3030.27},{"text":"new","start":3030.35,"end":3030.75},{"text":"obligations","start":3030.75,"end":3031.43},{"text":"without","start":3031.43,"end":3031.87},{"text":"any","start":3031.87,"end":3032.07},{"text":"applicable","start":3032.07,"end":3032.63},{"text":"legal","start":3032.63,"end":3032.91},{"text":"basis.","start":3032.91,"end":3033.35}]},{"text":"In conclusion, Madam Chair, we underscore the importance of pursuing dialogue between the ILC and Member 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topics concern some of the most sensitive issues of contemporary international law.","start":3068.79,"end":3073.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Those","start":3068.79,"end":3069.11},{"text":"topics","start":3069.11,"end":3069.47},{"text":"concern","start":3069.47,"end":3069.83},{"text":"some","start":3069.83,"end":3070.15},{"text":"of","start":3070.15,"end":3070.23},{"text":"the","start":3070.23,"end":3070.35},{"text":"most","start":3070.35,"end":3070.75},{"text":"sensitive","start":3070.75,"end":3071.19},{"text":"issues","start":3071.19,"end":3071.51},{"text":"of","start":3071.51,"end":3071.59},{"text":"contemporary","start":3071.59,"end":3072.27},{"text":"international","start":3072.27,"end":3073.15},{"text":"law.","start":3073.15,"end":3073.23}]},{"text":"With regard to the immunity of state officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction, the International Law Commission has completed the second 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They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3162.79,"end":3162.95},{"text":"remains","start":3162.95,"end":3163.35},{"text":"necessary","start":3163.35,"end":3163.83},{"text":"to","start":3163.83,"end":3163.99},{"text":"clarify","start":3163.99,"end":3164.47},{"text":"whether","start":3164.47,"end":3164.79},{"text":"International","start":3164.79,"end":3165.47},{"text":"Law","start":3165.47,"end":3165.59},{"text":"Commission's","start":3165.59,"end":3166.23},{"text":"work","start":3166.23,"end":3166.63},{"text":"in","start":3166.95,"end":3167.07},{"text":"this","start":3167.07,"end":3167.35},{"text":"area","start":3167.35,"end":3167.67},{"text":"constitutes","start":3167.67,"end":3168.23},{"text":"a","start":3168.23,"end":3168.31},{"text":"codification","start":3168.31,"end":3169.11},{"text":"of","start":3169.11,"end":3169.23},{"text":"existing","start":3169.23,"end":3169.75},{"text":"international","start":3169.75,"end":3170.71},{"text":"law","start":3170.71,"end":3170.79},{"text":"or","start":3171.03,"end":3171.27},{"text":"also","start":3171.27,"end":3171.71},{"text":"involve","start":3171.71,"end":3172.15},{"text":"its","start":3172.39,"end":3172.63},{"text":"progressive","start":3172.63,"end":3173.19},{"text":"development.","start":3173.19,"end":3173.99}]},{"text":"The Commission has completed the second reading of the relevant conclusions, yet certain question remains unresolved and have not been or have not been sufficiently addressed in the commentaries.","start":3174.55,"end":3187.43,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. 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They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3188.19,"end":3188.31},{"text":"is","start":3188.31,"end":3188.43},{"text":"particularly","start":3188.43,"end":3189.07},{"text":"significant,","start":3189.07,"end":3189.79},{"text":"given","start":3189.79,"end":3190.11},{"text":"that","start":3190.11,"end":3190.27},{"text":"the","start":3190.27,"end":3190.39},{"text":"general","start":3190.59,"end":3190.99},{"text":"principles","start":3190.99,"end":3191.55},{"text":"of","start":3191.55,"end":3191.71},{"text":"law","start":3191.71,"end":3191.87},{"text":"constitute","start":3191.87,"end":3192.43},{"text":"a","start":3192.43,"end":3192.51},{"text":"source","start":3192.51,"end":3192.91},{"text":"of","start":3192.91,"end":3193.07},{"text":"international","start":3193.07,"end":3193.87},{"text":"law","start":3193.87,"end":3193.95},{"text":"whose","start":3194.19,"end":3194.47},{"text":"precise","start":3194.47,"end":3194.99},{"text":"nature","start":3194.99,"end":3195.39},{"text":"and","start":3195.39,"end":3195.55},{"text":"scope","start":3195.55,"end":3195.95},{"text":"have","start":3195.95,"end":3196.11},{"text":"long","start":3196.11,"end":3196.35},{"text":"been","start":3196.35,"end":3196.59},{"text":"the","start":3196.59,"end":3196.67},{"text":"subject","start":3196.67,"end":3197.11},{"text":"of","start":3197.11,"end":3197.23},{"text":"debate.","start":3197.23,"end":3197.95}]},{"text":"One of the most controversial issues concerns draft conclusion 3, which distinguishes between two categories of general principles of law.","start":3198.67,"end":3207.75,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. 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They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":3255.95,"end":3256.27},{"text":"principles","start":3256.27,"end":3257.15},{"text":"may","start":3257.67,"end":3257.83},{"text":"be","start":3257.83,"end":3258.07},{"text":"understood","start":3258.07,"end":3258.71},{"text":"as","start":3258.95,"end":3259.19},{"text":"principles","start":3259.19,"end":3259.83},{"text":"inherent","start":3259.83,"end":3260.63},{"text":"in","start":3260.63,"end":3260.87},{"text":"law","start":3260.87,"end":3261.19},{"text":"as","start":3261.19,"end":3261.43},{"text":"a","start":3261.43,"end":3261.51},{"text":"social","start":3261.51,"end":3261.99},{"text":"phenomenon,","start":3261.99,"end":3262.71},{"text":"existing","start":3263.11,"end":3263.75},{"text":"in","start":3263.75,"end":3263.99},{"text":"both","start":3263.99,"end":3264.31},{"text":"national","start":3264.31,"end":3264.95},{"text":"and","start":3264.95,"end":3265.19},{"text":"international","start":3265.19,"end":3265.87},{"text":"legal","start":3265.87,"end":3266.15},{"text":"system.","start":3266.15,"end":3266.63}]},{"text":"In this sense, they form an integral part of law and tend to reflect its more enduring and conservative features.","start":3267.03,"end":3276.07,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3267.03,"end":3267.19},{"text":"this","start":3267.19,"end":3267.47},{"text":"sense,","start":3267.47,"end":3267.99},{"text":"they","start":3268.15,"end":3268.47},{"text":"form","start":3268.47,"end":3268.87},{"text":"an","start":3268.91,"end":3269.27},{"text":"integral","start":3269.67,"end":3270.23},{"text":"part","start":3270.23,"end":3270.63},{"text":"of","start":3270.63,"end":3270.87},{"text":"law","start":3270.87,"end":3271.19},{"text":"and","start":3271.43,"end":3271.63},{"text":"tend","start":3271.63,"end":3271.87},{"text":"to","start":3271.87,"end":3271.99},{"text":"reflect","start":3271.99,"end":3272.71},{"text":"its","start":3272.71,"end":3272.95},{"text":"more","start":3272.95,"end":3273.35},{"text":"enduring","start":3273.51,"end":3274.07},{"text":"and","start":3274.15,"end":3274.43},{"text":"conservative","start":3274.43,"end":3275.19},{"text":"features.","start":3275.27,"end":3276.07}]},{"text":"What is described as the second category in the Commission's work should not, in our view, be treated as an independent source of international law.","start":3277.39,"end":3286.19,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. 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They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":3286.91,"end":3287.07},{"text":"principles","start":3287.07,"end":3287.71},{"text":"may","start":3287.71,"end":3287.87},{"text":"constitute","start":3287.87,"end":3288.43},{"text":"principles","start":3288.43,"end":3289.07},{"text":"of","start":3289.07,"end":3289.31},{"text":"international","start":3289.31,"end":3290.35},{"text":"law,","start":3290.35,"end":3290.43},{"text":"but","start":3291.15,"end":3291.55},{"text":"that","start":3291.95,"end":3292.35},{"text":"does","start":3292.35,"end":3292.75},{"text":"not","start":3292.75,"end":3292.99},{"text":"necessarily","start":3292.99,"end":3293.55},{"text":"mean","start":3293.55,"end":3293.95},{"text":"that","start":3294.11,"end":3294.43},{"text":"they","start":3294.83,"end":3295.23},{"text":"can","start":3296.27,"end":3296.51},{"text":"be","start":3296.51,"end":3296.71},{"text":"qualified","start":3296.71,"end":3297.39},{"text":"as","start":3297.39,"end":3297.67},{"text":"a","start":3297.67,"end":3297.71},{"text":"separate","start":3297.71,"end":3298.67},{"text":"formal","start":3298.67,"end":3299.07},{"text":"source","start":3299.07,"end":3299.47},{"text":"within","start":3299.71,"end":3300.03},{"text":"the","start":3300.03,"end":3300.15},{"text":"meaning","start":3300.15,"end":3300.51},{"text":"of","start":3300.59,"end":3300.75},{"text":"Article","start":3300.75,"end":3301.39},{"text":"38.","start":3301.47,"end":3302.27}]},{"text":"Rather, they may derive their legal force from other sources of international law.","start":3302.91,"end":3308.87,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Rather,","start":3302.91,"end":3303.47},{"text":"they","start":3303.71,"end":3304.03},{"text":"may","start":3304.03,"end":3304.27},{"text":"derive","start":3305.15,"end":3305.71},{"text":"their","start":3305.71,"end":3305.95},{"text":"legal","start":3305.95,"end":3306.35},{"text":"force","start":3306.35,"end":3306.79},{"text":"from","start":3306.79,"end":3307.07},{"text":"other","start":3307.07,"end":3307.39},{"text":"sources","start":3307.39,"end":3307.87},{"text":"of","start":3307.87,"end":3308.03},{"text":"international","start":3308.03,"end":3308.79},{"text":"law.","start":3308.79,"end":3308.87}]},{"text":"Time constraints do not permit me to examine comprehensively all the examples discussed in the commentaries to the relevant draft conclusions.","start":3309.83,"end":3318.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Time","start":3309.83,"end":3310.03},{"text":"constraints","start":3310.03,"end":3310.83},{"text":"do","start":3310.83,"end":3311.07},{"text":"not","start":3311.07,"end":3311.23},{"text":"permit","start":3311.23,"end":3311.67},{"text":"me","start":3311.67,"end":3311.87},{"text":"to","start":3311.87,"end":3312.03},{"text":"examine","start":3312.03,"end":3312.51},{"text":"comprehensively","start":3312.51,"end":3313.63},{"text":"all","start":3313.63,"end":3313.95},{"text":"the","start":3313.95,"end":3314.03},{"text":"examples","start":3314.19,"end":3314.99},{"text":"discussed","start":3314.99,"end":3315.55},{"text":"in","start":3315.55,"end":3315.63},{"text":"the","start":3315.63,"end":3315.71},{"text":"commentaries","start":3315.71,"end":3316.43},{"text":"to","start":3316.43,"end":3316.59},{"text":"the","start":3316.59,"end":3316.67},{"text":"relevant","start":3316.67,"end":3317.23},{"text":"draft","start":3317.23,"end":3317.55},{"text":"conclusions.","start":3317.55,"end":3318.35}]},{"text":"Nevertheless, I would like to emphasize that principles described as intrinsic to the international legal system may indeed be principles of international law without necessarily constituting independent source of law under Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice.","start":3318.67,"end":3336.99,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. 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And I must admit that it's really good to see you leading the work of the Committee at this point in time and chairing these 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know we are very pressed for time.","start":3474.47,"end":3476.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3474.47,"end":3474.63},{"text":"know","start":3474.63,"end":3474.95},{"text":"we","start":3474.95,"end":3475.19},{"text":"are","start":3475.19,"end":3475.27},{"text":"very","start":3475.27,"end":3475.59},{"text":"pressed","start":3475.59,"end":3475.87},{"text":"for","start":3475.87,"end":3475.99},{"text":"time.","start":3475.99,"end":3476.47}]},{"text":"and we've dispensed with the full statement.","start":3477.19,"end":3480.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"and","start":3477.19,"end":3477.43},{"text":"we've","start":3477.51,"end":3477.79},{"text":"dispensed","start":3477.79,"end":3478.39},{"text":"with","start":3478.39,"end":3478.63},{"text":"the","start":3479.03,"end":3479.15},{"text":"full","start":3479.51,"end":3479.83},{"text":"statement.","start":3479.83,"end":3480.55}]},{"text":"I also have dispensed with some of the diplomatic protocols, but what I think I will do is to acknowledge, particularly the hard work of the Chair of the Commission, Special Rapporteurs, and the members of the Commission, and indeed our substantive comments will be included in our long 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Madam Chair, Sierra Leone aligns itself with the statement delivered by Cameroon on behalf of the African 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the members of the International Law Commission and legal advisers from capitals to New 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congratulate Ambassador Andreas Mavroyiannis, it's good to see you in New York, Ambassador, on your leadership of the 77th session of the 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thank the Bureau, the Special Rapporteurs, and the Codification Division for a demanding yet very productive 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consideration.","start":3537.99,"end":3549.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3537.99,"end":3538.11},{"text":"Commission","start":3538.15,"end":3538.55},{"text":"completed","start":3538.55,"end":3539.03},{"text":"two","start":3539.03,"end":3539.51},{"text":"second","start":3539.59,"end":3539.99},{"text":"readings","start":3539.99,"end":3540.39},{"text":"this","start":3540.39,"end":3540.63},{"text":"year,","start":3540.63,"end":3540.87},{"text":"and","start":3541.55,"end":3541.71},{"text":"that","start":3541.71,"end":3541.91},{"text":"achievement","start":3541.91,"end":3542.63},{"text":"should","start":3542.63,"end":3542.87},{"text":"not","start":3542.87,"end":3543.11},{"text":"mask","start":3543.11,"end":3543.55},{"text":"the","start":3543.55,"end":3543.63},{"text":"cost","start":3543.67,"end":3544.23},{"text":"of","start":3544.75,"end":3544.87},{"text":"compressed","start":3544.87,"end":3545.51},{"text":"calendars","start":3545.51,"end":3546.15},{"text":"for","start":3547.11,"end":3547.35},{"text":"careful","start":3547.35,"end":3548.07},{"text":"consideration.","start":3548.23,"end":3549.03}]},{"text":"We welcome the election to the Commission of Dr. Olufemi Elias of Nigeria, an international jurist of high repute and distinction.","start":3550.31,"end":3559.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3550.31,"end":3550.63},{"text":"welcome","start":3550.63,"end":3550.95},{"text":"the","start":3550.95,"end":3551.03},{"text":"election","start":3551.03,"end":3551.67},{"text":"to","start":3551.99,"end":3552.15},{"text":"the","start":3552.15,"end":3552.23},{"text":"Commission","start":3552.23,"end":3552.87},{"text":"of","start":3552.87,"end":3553.19},{"text":"Dr.","start":3553.19,"end":3553.55},{"text":"Olufemi","start":3553.55,"end":3554.15},{"text":"Elias","start":3554.15,"end":3554.59},{"text":"of","start":3554.59,"end":3554.67},{"text":"Nigeria,","start":3554.67,"end":3555.35},{"text":"an","start":3556.15,"end":3556.27},{"text":"international","start":3556.27,"end":3556.83},{"text":"jurist","start":3556.83,"end":3557.27},{"text":"of","start":3557.27,"end":3557.39},{"text":"high","start":3557.39,"end":3557.59},{"text":"repute","start":3557.59,"end":3558.15},{"text":"and","start":3558.31,"end":3558.51},{"text":"distinction.","start":3558.51,"end":3559.27}]},{"text":"Sri Lanka also takes particular pride in the work of its national, Professor Dr. Charles Chayano-Jalloh, a Special Rapporteur on Subsidiary Means for the Determination of Rules of International Law.","start":3560.39,"end":3572.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Sri","start":3560.39,"end":3560.59},{"text":"Lanka","start":3560.59,"end":3560.79},{"text":"also","start":3560.79,"end":3560.95},{"text":"takes","start":3560.95,"end":3561.27},{"text":"particular","start":3561.35,"end":3561.91},{"text":"pride","start":3561.91,"end":3562.39},{"text":"in","start":3562.63,"end":3562.79},{"text":"the","start":3562.79,"end":3562.87},{"text":"work","start":3562.87,"end":3563.11},{"text":"of","start":3563.11,"end":3563.27},{"text":"its","start":3563.27,"end":3563.51},{"text":"national,","start":3563.51,"end":3564.07},{"text":"Professor","start":3564.75,"end":3565.19},{"text":"Dr.","start":3565.19,"end":3565.51},{"text":"Charles","start":3565.51,"end":3566.15},{"text":"Chayano-Jalloh,","start":3566.15,"end":3566.95},{"text":"a","start":3567.91,"end":3567.99},{"text":"Special","start":3567.99,"end":3568.39},{"text":"Rapporteur","start":3568.39,"end":3568.95},{"text":"on","start":3568.95,"end":3569.11},{"text":"Subsidiary","start":3569.11,"end":3569.59},{"text":"Means","start":3569.59,"end":3569.87},{"text":"for","start":3569.87,"end":3569.99},{"text":"the","start":3569.99,"end":3570.07},{"text":"Determination","start":3570.07,"end":3570.75},{"text":"of","start":3570.75,"end":3570.91},{"text":"Rules","start":3570.91,"end":3571.19},{"text":"of","start":3571.19,"end":3571.35},{"text":"International","start":3571.35,"end":3572.11},{"text":"Law.","start":3572.11,"end":3572.19}]},{"text":"He steered the adoption this year on first reading of 13 draft conclusions with commentaries.","start":3572.79,"end":3577.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"He","start":3572.79,"end":3572.95},{"text":"steered","start":3572.95,"end":3573.31},{"text":"the","start":3573.31,"end":3573.39},{"text":"adoption","start":3573.39,"end":3573.87},{"text":"this","start":3573.87,"end":3574.11},{"text":"year","start":3574.11,"end":3574.39},{"text":"on","start":3574.83,"end":3574.95},{"text":"first","start":3574.95,"end":3575.27},{"text":"reading","start":3575.27,"end":3575.59},{"text":"of","start":3575.59,"end":3575.75},{"text":"13","start":3575.79,"end":3576.23},{"text":"draft","start":3576.23,"end":3576.59},{"text":"conclusions","start":3576.59,"end":3577.23},{"text":"with","start":3577.23,"end":3577.35},{"text":"commentaries.","start":3577.35,"end":3577.99}]},{"text":"Professor Jalloh also chaired the Working Group on Methods of Work and Procedures.","start":3579.07,"end":3582.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Professor","start":3579.07,"end":3579.39},{"text":"Jalloh","start":3579.39,"end":3579.71},{"text":"also","start":3579.71,"end":3579.99},{"text":"chaired","start":3579.99,"end":3580.27},{"text":"the","start":3580.27,"end":3580.35},{"text":"Working","start":3580.35,"end":3580.63},{"text":"Group","start":3580.63,"end":3580.83},{"text":"on","start":3580.83,"end":3580.95},{"text":"Methods","start":3580.95,"end":3581.31},{"text":"of","start":3581.31,"end":3581.43},{"text":"Work","start":3581.43,"end":3581.67},{"text":"and","start":3581.67,"end":3581.83},{"text":"Procedures.","start":3581.83,"end":3582.63}]},{"text":"We will comment in detail on subsidiary means in the appropriate cluster.","start":3583.51,"end":3587.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3583.51,"end":3583.63},{"text":"will","start":3583.63,"end":3583.75},{"text":"comment","start":3583.75,"end":3584.15},{"text":"in","start":3584.15,"end":3584.31},{"text":"detail","start":3584.31,"end":3584.95},{"text":"on","start":3584.95,"end":3585.11},{"text":"subsidiary","start":3585.11,"end":3585.59},{"text":"means","start":3585.59,"end":3585.95},{"text":"in","start":3586.15,"end":3586.27},{"text":"the","start":3586.27,"end":3586.35},{"text":"appropriate","start":3586.35,"end":3586.79},{"text":"cluster.","start":3586.79,"end":3587.19}]},{"text":"Sierra Leone welcomes the excellent progress made by the Working Group on Methods of Work in preparing the Handbook.","start":3588.43,"end":3594.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Sierra","start":3588.43,"end":3588.59},{"text":"Leone","start":3588.59,"end":3588.83},{"text":"welcomes","start":3588.95,"end":3589.51},{"text":"the","start":3589.51,"end":3589.63},{"text":"excellent","start":3589.67,"end":3590.07},{"text":"progress","start":3590.07,"end":3590.47},{"text":"made","start":3590.47,"end":3590.79},{"text":"by","start":3590.79,"end":3590.95},{"text":"the","start":3590.95,"end":3591.03},{"text":"Working","start":3591.03,"end":3591.35},{"text":"Group","start":3591.35,"end":3591.67},{"text":"on","start":3591.71,"end":3591.87},{"text":"Methods","start":3591.87,"end":3592.23},{"text":"of","start":3592.23,"end":3592.31},{"text":"Work","start":3592.31,"end":3592.71},{"text":"in","start":3593.35,"end":3593.51},{"text":"preparing","start":3593.51,"end":3593.99},{"text":"the","start":3593.99,"end":3594.11},{"text":"Handbook.","start":3594.11,"end":3594.55}]},{"text":"In view of the conclusion of the current members’ mandate next year, Sierra Leone encourages the Commission to allocate sufficient time for the Working Group to complete its work, thereby ensuring that the incoming members in 2028 and indeed the delegations in the Sixth Committee can benefit from this valuable institutional resource.","start":3595.67,"end":3616.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3595.67,"end":3595.91},{"text":"view","start":3595.91,"end":3596.23},{"text":"of","start":3596.23,"end":3596.31},{"text":"the","start":3596.31,"end":3596.39},{"text":"conclusion","start":3596.39,"end":3596.95},{"text":"of","start":3596.95,"end":3597.07},{"text":"the","start":3597.07,"end":3597.15},{"text":"current","start":3597.15,"end":3597.59},{"text":"members’","start":3597.91,"end":3598.63},{"text":"mandate","start":3598.63,"end":3599.19},{"text":"next","start":3599.35,"end":3599.67},{"text":"year,","start":3599.67,"end":3599.91},{"text":"Sierra","start":3600.55,"end":3600.79},{"text":"Leone","start":3600.79,"end":3600.99},{"text":"encourages","start":3600.99,"end":3601.43},{"text":"the","start":3601.43,"end":3601.51},{"text":"Commission","start":3601.51,"end":3602.07},{"text":"to","start":3602.07,"end":3602.31},{"text":"allocate","start":3602.39,"end":3602.87},{"text":"sufficient","start":3602.87,"end":3603.39},{"text":"time","start":3603.39,"end":3603.75},{"text":"for","start":3603.75,"end":3604.07},{"text":"the","start":3604.07,"end":3604.15},{"text":"Working","start":3604.15,"end":3604.47},{"text":"Group","start":3604.47,"end":3604.79},{"text":"to","start":3605.27,"end":3605.43},{"text":"complete","start":3605.43,"end":3605.91},{"text":"its","start":3605.91,"end":3606.11},{"text":"work,","start":3606.11,"end":3606.39},{"text":"thereby","start":3607.19,"end":3607.55},{"text":"ensuring","start":3607.55,"end":3608.19},{"text":"that","start":3608.19,"end":3608.31},{"text":"the","start":3608.31,"end":3608.39},{"text":"incoming","start":3608.39,"end":3608.91},{"text":"members","start":3608.91,"end":3609.43},{"text":"in","start":3609.43,"end":3609.59},{"text":"2028","start":3609.59,"end":3610.79},{"text":"and","start":3610.79,"end":3610.95},{"text":"indeed","start":3610.95,"end":3611.39},{"text":"the","start":3611.39,"end":3611.47},{"text":"delegations","start":3611.47,"end":3612.07},{"text":"in","start":3612.07,"end":3612.19},{"text":"the","start":3612.19,"end":3612.27},{"text":"Sixth","start":3612.27,"end":3612.51},{"text":"Committee","start":3612.51,"end":3613.11},{"text":"can","start":3613.67,"end":3613.91},{"text":"benefit","start":3613.91,"end":3614.47},{"text":"from","start":3614.71,"end":3614.91},{"text":"this","start":3614.91,"end":3615.11},{"text":"valuable","start":3615.11,"end":3615.67},{"text":"institutional","start":3615.67,"end":3616.31},{"text":"resource.","start":3616.31,"end":3616.87}]},{"text":"Today, in acknowledging his stellar contribution to the work of the Commission, we are pleased to further state that Professor Jalloh is Sierra Leone's candidate for the position of Judge of the International Court of Justice, endorsed by the Economic Community of West African States, the African Union, and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation.","start":3618.35,"end":3636.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Today,","start":3618.35,"end":3618.67},{"text":"in","start":3618.67,"end":3618.83},{"text":"acknowledging","start":3618.83,"end":3619.43},{"text":"his","start":3619.43,"end":3619.55},{"text":"stellar","start":3619.55,"end":3619.83},{"text":"contribution","start":3619.83,"end":3620.43},{"text":"to","start":3620.43,"end":3620.55},{"text":"the","start":3620.55,"end":3620.63},{"text":"work","start":3620.63,"end":3620.83},{"text":"of","start":3620.83,"end":3620.91},{"text":"the","start":3620.91,"end":3620.99},{"text":"Commission,","start":3620.99,"end":3621.63},{"text":"we","start":3622.19,"end":3622.43},{"text":"are","start":3622.43,"end":3622.51},{"text":"pleased","start":3622.51,"end":3622.95},{"text":"to","start":3622.95,"end":3623.07},{"text":"further","start":3623.07,"end":3623.31},{"text":"state","start":3623.31,"end":3623.59},{"text":"that","start":3623.59,"end":3623.71},{"text":"Professor","start":3623.71,"end":3624.11},{"text":"Jalloh","start":3624.11,"end":3624.55},{"text":"is","start":3624.55,"end":3624.63},{"text":"Sierra","start":3624.63,"end":3624.83},{"text":"Leone's","start":3624.83,"end":3625.23},{"text":"candidate","start":3625.23,"end":3625.79},{"text":"for","start":3626.19,"end":3626.35},{"text":"the","start":3626.35,"end":3626.43},{"text":"position","start":3626.43,"end":3626.83},{"text":"of","start":3626.83,"end":3626.99},{"text":"Judge","start":3626.99,"end":3627.39},{"text":"of","start":3627.39,"end":3627.55},{"text":"the","start":3627.55,"end":3627.63},{"text":"International","start":3627.63,"end":3628.27},{"text":"Court","start":3628.27,"end":3628.51},{"text":"of","start":3628.51,"end":3628.59},{"text":"Justice,","start":3628.59,"end":3629.23},{"text":"endorsed","start":3629.87,"end":3630.43},{"text":"by","start":3630.43,"end":3630.59},{"text":"the","start":3630.59,"end":3630.67},{"text":"Economic","start":3630.67,"end":3631.07},{"text":"Community","start":3631.07,"end":3631.43},{"text":"of","start":3631.43,"end":3631.55},{"text":"West","start":3631.55,"end":3631.79},{"text":"African","start":3631.79,"end":3632.11},{"text":"States,","start":3632.11,"end":3632.67},{"text":"the","start":3633.07,"end":3633.23},{"text":"African","start":3633.31,"end":3633.95},{"text":"Union,","start":3633.95,"end":3634.51},{"text":"and","start":3634.75,"end":3634.95},{"text":"the","start":3634.95,"end":3635.03},{"text":"Organization","start":3635.03,"end":3635.59},{"text":"of","start":3635.59,"end":3635.71},{"text":"Islamic","start":3635.71,"end":3636.15},{"text":"Cooperation.","start":3636.15,"end":3636.75}]},{"text":"We are also grateful to the 12 other national groups and their governments for co-nomination of Professor Jalloh.","start":3637.87,"end":3643.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3637.87,"end":3637.99},{"text":"are","start":3637.99,"end":3638.07},{"text":"also","start":3638.07,"end":3638.27},{"text":"grateful","start":3638.27,"end":3638.75},{"text":"to","start":3638.75,"end":3638.91},{"text":"the","start":3638.91,"end":3638.99},{"text":"12","start":3638.99,"end":3639.39},{"text":"other","start":3639.47,"end":3639.67},{"text":"national","start":3639.67,"end":3640.03},{"text":"groups","start":3640.03,"end":3640.59},{"text":"and","start":3640.59,"end":3640.71},{"text":"their","start":3640.71,"end":3640.83},{"text":"governments","start":3640.83,"end":3641.43},{"text":"for","start":3641.43,"end":3641.63},{"text":"co-nomination","start":3641.63,"end":3642.47},{"text":"of","start":3642.47,"end":3642.55},{"text":"Professor","start":3642.55,"end":3642.91},{"text":"Jalloh.","start":3642.91,"end":3643.39}]},{"text":"His record of service to the Commission is, we believe, the best testimony to the contribution he would make to the court.","start":3644.11,"end":3651.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"His","start":3644.11,"end":3644.35},{"text":"record","start":3644.35,"end":3644.59},{"text":"of","start":3644.59,"end":3644.67},{"text":"service","start":3644.67,"end":3645.15},{"text":"to","start":3645.15,"end":3645.23},{"text":"the","start":3645.23,"end":3645.31},{"text":"Commission","start":3645.31,"end":3645.87},{"text":"is,","start":3645.87,"end":3646.19},{"text":"we","start":3646.19,"end":3646.31},{"text":"believe,","start":3646.31,"end":3646.83},{"text":"the","start":3647.35,"end":3647.43},{"text":"best","start":3647.43,"end":3647.71},{"text":"testimony","start":3647.71,"end":3648.47},{"text":"to","start":3648.95,"end":3649.11},{"text":"the","start":3649.11,"end":3649.19},{"text":"contribution","start":3649.19,"end":3650.15},{"text":"he","start":3650.15,"end":3650.27},{"text":"would","start":3650.27,"end":3650.47},{"text":"make","start":3650.47,"end":3650.79},{"text":"to","start":3650.87,"end":3651.03},{"text":"the","start":3651.03,"end":3651.11},{"text":"court.","start":3651.11,"end":3651.51}]},{"text":"On the topics for consideration in cluster one, allow me first to address sea level rise in relation to international law.","start":3652.95,"end":3659.03,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":3652.95,"end":3653.11},{"text":"the","start":3653.11,"end":3653.19},{"text":"topics","start":3653.19,"end":3653.51},{"text":"for","start":3653.51,"end":3653.63},{"text":"consideration","start":3653.63,"end":3654.23},{"text":"in","start":3654.23,"end":3654.31},{"text":"cluster","start":3654.31,"end":3654.63},{"text":"one,","start":3654.63,"end":3655.03},{"text":"allow","start":3655.75,"end":3655.87},{"text":"me","start":3655.87,"end":3656.11},{"text":"first","start":3656.11,"end":3656.35},{"text":"to","start":3656.35,"end":3656.43},{"text":"address","start":3656.43,"end":3656.67},{"text":"sea","start":3656.67,"end":3656.87},{"text":"level","start":3656.87,"end":3657.15},{"text":"rise","start":3657.15,"end":3657.51},{"text":"in","start":3657.51,"end":3657.59},{"text":"relation","start":3657.59,"end":3657.91},{"text":"to","start":3657.91,"end":3658.07},{"text":"international","start":3658.07,"end":3658.95},{"text":"law.","start":3658.95,"end":3659.03}]},{"text":"As a coastal state in West Africa, Sierra Leone has low-lying communities, islands, and a coastline undergoing pressure from rising seas.","start":3659.83,"end":3670.47,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":3659.83,"end":3660.07},{"text":"a","start":3660.07,"end":3660.11},{"text":"coastal","start":3660.11,"end":3660.55},{"text":"state","start":3660.55,"end":3660.87},{"text":"in","start":3660.87,"end":3660.95},{"text":"West","start":3660.95,"end":3661.19},{"text":"Africa,","start":3661.19,"end":3661.75},{"text":"Sierra","start":3662.39,"end":3662.63},{"text":"Leone","start":3662.63,"end":3662.83},{"text":"has","start":3662.83,"end":3662.95},{"text":"low-lying","start":3662.95,"end":3663.67},{"text":"communities,","start":3663.67,"end":3664.55},{"text":"islands,","start":3664.63,"end":3665.35},{"text":"and","start":3665.35,"end":3665.47},{"text":"a","start":3665.47,"end":3665.51},{"text":"coastline","start":3665.51,"end":3667.27},{"text":"undergoing","start":3667.91,"end":3668.55},{"text":"pressure","start":3668.55,"end":3669.11},{"text":"from","start":3669.27,"end":3669.59},{"text":"rising","start":3669.59,"end":3669.99},{"text":"seas.","start":3669.99,"end":3670.47}]},{"text":"We therefore welcome the final report of the study group and support its central legal findings.","start":3671.35,"end":3677.19,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. 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They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Sierra","start":3758.59,"end":3758.75},{"text":"Leone","start":3758.75,"end":3759.03},{"text":"has","start":3759.03,"end":3759.23},{"text":"had","start":3759.23,"end":3759.39},{"text":"the","start":3759.39,"end":3759.47},{"text":"opportunity","start":3759.47,"end":3759.99},{"text":"to","start":3759.99,"end":3760.15},{"text":"address","start":3760.15,"end":3760.55},{"text":"the","start":3760.55,"end":3760.67},{"text":"draft","start":3760.67,"end":3760.87},{"text":"conclusions","start":3760.87,"end":3761.83},{"text":"as","start":3762.07,"end":3762.23},{"text":"adopted","start":3762.23,"end":3762.87},{"text":"on","start":3763.19,"end":3763.35},{"text":"first","start":3763.35,"end":3763.59},{"text":"reading.","start":3763.59,"end":3763.99}]},{"text":"Our detailed comments are in a longer version of our statement.","start":3764.95,"end":3768.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":3764.95,"end":3765.11},{"text":"detailed","start":3765.11,"end":3765.43},{"text":"comments","start":3765.43,"end":3766.07},{"text":"are","start":3766.15,"end":3766.39},{"text":"in","start":3766.39,"end":3766.59},{"text":"a","start":3766.59,"end":3766.63},{"text":"longer","start":3766.63,"end":3766.99},{"text":"version","start":3766.99,"end":3767.31},{"text":"of","start":3767.31,"end":3767.43},{"text":"our","start":3767.43,"end":3767.51},{"text":"statement.","start":3767.51,"end":3768.15}]},{"text":"With respect to the new draft conclusion 12 on general principles, with a limited scope of application, it recognizes that regional legal orders, including our own continental system, may give rise to such principles.","start":3768.87,"end":3783.75,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. 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They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3785.35,"end":3785.43},{"text":"note","start":3785.43,"end":3785.91},{"text":"the","start":3785.91,"end":3785.99},{"text":"coherence","start":3785.99,"end":3786.47},{"text":"between","start":3786.47,"end":3786.83},{"text":"draft","start":3786.83,"end":3787.07},{"text":"conclusions","start":3787.07,"end":3787.67},{"text":"8","start":3787.67,"end":3787.95},{"text":"and","start":3787.95,"end":3788.11},{"text":"9","start":3788.11,"end":3788.55},{"text":"on","start":3788.55,"end":3788.79},{"text":"decisions","start":3788.79,"end":3789.43},{"text":"of","start":3789.43,"end":3789.75},{"text":"courts","start":3789.75,"end":3790.11},{"text":"and","start":3790.11,"end":3790.23},{"text":"teachings,","start":3790.23,"end":3790.79},{"text":"and","start":3791.43,"end":3791.55},{"text":"the","start":3791.55,"end":3791.63},{"text":"Commission's","start":3791.63,"end":3792.27},{"text":"parallel","start":3792.27,"end":3792.63},{"text":"work","start":3792.63,"end":3792.87},{"text":"on","start":3792.87,"end":3792.99},{"text":"subsidiary","start":3792.99,"end":3793.43},{"text":"means.","start":3793.43,"end":3793.99}]},{"text":"To ensure harmonization for the users of the Commission's work, Sierra Leone would have preferred a closer alignment between the conclusions and teachings and decisions under the topic of general principles of law and those adopted by the Commission on subsidiary means.","start":3794.79,"end":3809.03,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":3794.79,"end":3794.95},{"text":"ensure","start":3794.95,"end":3795.31},{"text":"harmonization","start":3795.31,"end":3796.31},{"text":"for","start":3796.31,"end":3796.47},{"text":"the","start":3796.47,"end":3796.55},{"text":"users","start":3796.55,"end":3796.95},{"text":"of","start":3796.95,"end":3797.03},{"text":"the","start":3797.03,"end":3797.11},{"text":"Commission's","start":3797.11,"end":3797.63},{"text":"work,","start":3797.63,"end":3797.91},{"text":"Sierra","start":3798.55,"end":3798.83},{"text":"Leone","start":3798.83,"end":3799.03},{"text":"would","start":3799.03,"end":3799.15},{"text":"have","start":3799.15,"end":3799.27},{"text":"preferred","start":3799.27,"end":3799.75},{"text":"a","start":3799.75,"end":3799.83},{"text":"closer","start":3799.83,"end":3800.19},{"text":"alignment","start":3800.19,"end":3800.79},{"text":"between","start":3800.79,"end":3801.03},{"text":"the","start":3801.03,"end":3801.11},{"text":"conclusions","start":3801.11,"end":3801.71},{"text":"and","start":3801.71,"end":3801.87},{"text":"teachings","start":3801.87,"end":3802.31},{"text":"and","start":3802.31,"end":3802.43},{"text":"decisions","start":3802.43,"end":3803.03},{"text":"under","start":3803.03,"end":3803.31},{"text":"the","start":3803.31,"end":3803.39},{"text":"topic","start":3803.39,"end":3803.67},{"text":"of","start":3803.67,"end":3803.75},{"text":"general","start":3803.75,"end":3804.03},{"text":"principles","start":3804.03,"end":3804.71},{"text":"of","start":3805.11,"end":3805.27},{"text":"law","start":3805.27,"end":3805.67},{"text":"and","start":3806.19,"end":3806.35},{"text":"those","start":3806.35,"end":3806.55},{"text":"adopted","start":3806.55,"end":3807.03},{"text":"by","start":3807.03,"end":3807.11},{"text":"the","start":3807.11,"end":3807.19},{"text":"Commission","start":3807.19,"end":3807.83},{"text":"on","start":3807.83,"end":3807.99},{"text":"subsidiary","start":3807.99,"end":3808.55},{"text":"means.","start":3808.55,"end":3809.03}]},{"text":"We, however, understand that the decisions taken by the Commission this year in the general principle of law topic carried no implications for the equivalent conclusions on subsidiary means.","start":3809.75,"end":3820.71,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"We,","start":3809.75,"end":3809.83},{"text":"however,","start":3809.83,"end":3810.27},{"text":"understand","start":3810.27,"end":3810.87},{"text":"that","start":3810.87,"end":3810.99},{"text":"the","start":3810.99,"end":3811.11},{"text":"decisions","start":3811.11,"end":3811.91},{"text":"taken","start":3811.99,"end":3812.31},{"text":"by","start":3812.31,"end":3812.43},{"text":"the","start":3812.43,"end":3812.51},{"text":"Commission","start":3812.51,"end":3812.95},{"text":"this","start":3812.95,"end":3813.15},{"text":"year","start":3813.15,"end":3813.43},{"text":"in","start":3813.91,"end":3813.99},{"text":"the","start":3813.99,"end":3814.07},{"text":"general","start":3814.07,"end":3814.43},{"text":"principle","start":3814.43,"end":3815.07},{"text":"of","start":3815.07,"end":3815.15},{"text":"law","start":3815.15,"end":3815.27},{"text":"topic","start":3815.27,"end":3815.75},{"text":"carried","start":3816.23,"end":3816.63},{"text":"no","start":3816.87,"end":3817.15},{"text":"implications","start":3817.15,"end":3817.91},{"text":"for","start":3817.91,"end":3818.03},{"text":"the","start":3818.03,"end":3818.11},{"text":"equivalent","start":3818.11,"end":3818.79},{"text":"conclusions","start":3818.79,"end":3819.59},{"text":"on","start":3819.59,"end":3819.75},{"text":"subsidiary","start":3819.75,"end":3820.23},{"text":"means.","start":3820.23,"end":3820.71}]},{"text":"Turning to immunity of state officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction, Sweden congratulates the Special Rapporteur, Professor Claudio Grossman, on the adoption of 17 draft articles with commentaries on second reading.","start":3821.83,"end":3834.79,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Turning","start":3821.83,"end":3822.15},{"text":"to","start":3822.15,"end":3822.27},{"text":"immunity","start":3822.27,"end":3822.75},{"text":"of","start":3822.75,"end":3822.83},{"text":"state","start":3822.83,"end":3823.11},{"text":"officials","start":3823.11,"end":3823.67},{"text":"from","start":3823.67,"end":3823.99},{"text":"foreign","start":3824.07,"end":3824.47},{"text":"criminal","start":3824.47,"end":3824.79},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":3824.79,"end":3825.51},{"text":"Sweden","start":3826.15,"end":3826.47},{"text":"congratulates","start":3826.47,"end":3827.27},{"text":"the","start":3827.27,"end":3827.35},{"text":"Special","start":3827.35,"end":3827.67},{"text":"Rapporteur,","start":3827.67,"end":3828.23},{"text":"Professor","start":3828.75,"end":3829.27},{"text":"Claudio","start":3829.27,"end":3829.63},{"text":"Grossman,","start":3829.63,"end":3830.31},{"text":"on","start":3830.95,"end":3831.11},{"text":"the","start":3831.11,"end":3831.19},{"text":"adoption","start":3831.19,"end":3831.67},{"text":"of","start":3831.67,"end":3831.75},{"text":"17","start":3831.75,"end":3832.23},{"text":"draft","start":3832.23,"end":3832.55},{"text":"articles","start":3832.55,"end":3833.11},{"text":"with","start":3833.11,"end":3833.23},{"text":"commentaries","start":3833.23,"end":3833.91},{"text":"on","start":3833.91,"end":3834.07},{"text":"second","start":3834.07,"end":3834.39},{"text":"reading.","start":3834.39,"end":3834.79}]},{"text":"We honour the memory of Professor Concepción Escobar Hernández, whose foundational work made the outcome possible.","start":3835.51,"end":3843.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3835.51,"end":3835.75},{"text":"honour","start":3835.75,"end":3836.23},{"text":"the","start":3836.39,"end":3836.51},{"text":"memory","start":3836.51,"end":3837.19},{"text":"of","start":3837.59,"end":3837.75},{"text":"Professor","start":3837.75,"end":3838.39},{"text":"Concepción","start":3838.83,"end":3839.55},{"text":"Escobar","start":3839.55,"end":3839.95},{"text":"Hernández,","start":3839.95,"end":3840.67},{"text":"whose","start":3841.07,"end":3841.39},{"text":"foundational","start":3841.39,"end":3842.03},{"text":"work","start":3842.03,"end":3842.35},{"text":"made","start":3842.51,"end":3842.79},{"text":"the","start":3842.79,"end":3842.87},{"text":"outcome","start":3842.87,"end":3843.31},{"text":"possible.","start":3843.31,"end":3843.95}]},{"text":"Sierra Leone’s position on this topic is shaped by our history.","start":3844.83,"end":3847.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Sierra","start":3844.83,"end":3845.11},{"text":"Leone’s","start":3845.11,"end":3845.35},{"text":"position","start":3845.35,"end":3845.67},{"text":"on","start":3845.67,"end":3845.75},{"text":"this","start":3845.75,"end":3845.91},{"text":"topic","start":3845.91,"end":3846.23},{"text":"is","start":3846.23,"end":3846.31},{"text":"shaped","start":3846.31,"end":3846.55},{"text":"by","start":3846.55,"end":3846.63},{"text":"our","start":3846.63,"end":3846.75},{"text":"history.","start":3846.75,"end":3847.31}]},{"text":"Through the Special Court for Sierra Leone, our country demonstrated that official position, even at the highest level, is no bar to accountability for the gravest crimes.","start":3847.83,"end":3856.91,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Through","start":3847.83,"end":3847.95},{"text":"the","start":3847.95,"end":3848.03},{"text":"Special","start":3848.03,"end":3848.43},{"text":"Court","start":3848.43,"end":3848.63},{"text":"for","start":3848.63,"end":3848.75},{"text":"Sierra","start":3848.75,"end":3848.99},{"text":"Leone,","start":3848.99,"end":3849.31},{"text":"our","start":3850.03,"end":3850.15},{"text":"country","start":3850.19,"end":3850.51},{"text":"demonstrated","start":3850.51,"end":3851.07},{"text":"that","start":3851.07,"end":3851.23},{"text":"official","start":3851.23,"end":3851.63},{"text":"position,","start":3851.63,"end":3852.27},{"text":"even","start":3852.27,"end":3852.67},{"text":"at","start":3852.67,"end":3852.79},{"text":"the","start":3852.79,"end":3852.87},{"text":"highest","start":3852.87,"end":3853.31},{"text":"level,","start":3853.31,"end":3853.79},{"text":"is","start":3854.11,"end":3854.27},{"text":"no","start":3854.27,"end":3854.47},{"text":"bar","start":3854.47,"end":3854.75},{"text":"to","start":3854.75,"end":3854.87},{"text":"accountability","start":3854.87,"end":3855.71},{"text":"for","start":3855.71,"end":3855.83},{"text":"the","start":3855.83,"end":3855.91},{"text":"gravest","start":3855.91,"end":3856.47},{"text":"crimes.","start":3856.47,"end":3856.91}]},{"text":"Immunity, in our view, is procedural; it is not impunity.","start":3857.79,"end":3862.11,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Immunity,","start":3857.79,"end":3858.39},{"text":"in","start":3858.39,"end":3858.51},{"text":"our","start":3858.51,"end":3858.63},{"text":"view,","start":3858.63,"end":3859.15},{"text":"is","start":3859.15,"end":3859.31},{"text":"procedural;","start":3859.31,"end":3860.11},{"text":"it","start":3860.59,"end":3860.67},{"text":"is","start":3860.67,"end":3860.91},{"text":"not","start":3860.91,"end":3861.23},{"text":"impunity.","start":3861.23,"end":3862.11}]},{"text":"We therefore welcome draft article 6 and the Commission’s decision to retain it.","start":3862.51,"end":3867.79,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3862.51,"end":3862.71},{"text":"therefore","start":3862.71,"end":3862.99},{"text":"welcome","start":3862.99,"end":3863.63},{"text":"draft","start":3864.19,"end":3864.51},{"text":"article","start":3864.51,"end":3865.07},{"text":"6","start":3865.07,"end":3865.55},{"text":"and","start":3865.87,"end":3865.99},{"text":"the","start":3865.99,"end":3866.07},{"text":"Commission’s","start":3866.07,"end":3866.51},{"text":"decision","start":3866.51,"end":3867.07},{"text":"to","start":3867.07,"end":3867.19},{"text":"retain","start":3867.19,"end":3867.55},{"text":"it.","start":3867.55,"end":3867.79}]},{"text":"We particularly welcome the inclusion on second reading of slavery and the slave trade.","start":3868.63,"end":3872.51,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3868.63,"end":3868.67},{"text":"particularly","start":3868.67,"end":3869.19},{"text":"welcome","start":3869.19,"end":3869.47},{"text":"the","start":3869.47,"end":3869.55},{"text":"inclusion","start":3869.55,"end":3870.11},{"text":"on","start":3870.11,"end":3870.19},{"text":"second","start":3870.19,"end":3870.51},{"text":"reading","start":3870.51,"end":3870.99},{"text":"of","start":3870.99,"end":3871.15},{"text":"slavery","start":3871.15,"end":3871.63},{"text":"and","start":3871.63,"end":3871.75},{"text":"the","start":3871.75,"end":3871.83},{"text":"slave","start":3871.83,"end":3872.11},{"text":"trade.","start":3872.11,"end":3872.51}]},{"text":"Sierra Leone proposes its inclusion in its written comment to the Commission.","start":3873.63,"end":3877.87,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Sierra","start":3873.63,"end":3873.87},{"text":"Leone","start":3873.87,"end":3874.07},{"text":"proposes","start":3874.07,"end":3874.75},{"text":"its","start":3874.83,"end":3875.07},{"text":"inclusion","start":3875.07,"end":3875.87},{"text":"in","start":3876.03,"end":3876.27},{"text":"its","start":3876.27,"end":3876.47},{"text":"written","start":3876.47,"end":3876.75},{"text":"comment","start":3876.75,"end":3877.11},{"text":"to","start":3877.11,"end":3877.19},{"text":"the","start":3877.19,"end":3877.27},{"text":"Commission.","start":3877.27,"end":3877.87}]},{"text":"Sierra Leone likewise supported the inclusion of the crime of aggression and welcome its addition to the list.","start":3878.75,"end":3884.67,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Sierra","start":3878.75,"end":3878.99},{"text":"Leone","start":3878.99,"end":3879.19},{"text":"likewise","start":3879.19,"end":3879.51},{"text":"supported","start":3879.51,"end":3879.91},{"text":"the","start":3879.91,"end":3879.99},{"text":"inclusion","start":3879.99,"end":3880.67},{"text":"of","start":3880.75,"end":3880.99},{"text":"the","start":3880.99,"end":3881.07},{"text":"crime","start":3881.07,"end":3881.39},{"text":"of","start":3881.39,"end":3881.47},{"text":"aggression","start":3881.47,"end":3882.19},{"text":"and","start":3882.59,"end":3882.75},{"text":"welcome","start":3882.75,"end":3883.23},{"text":"its","start":3883.23,"end":3883.47},{"text":"addition","start":3883.47,"end":3884.11},{"text":"to","start":3884.11,"end":3884.27},{"text":"the","start":3884.27,"end":3884.35},{"text":"list.","start":3884.35,"end":3884.67}]},{"text":"On chapter 13, Sierra Leone welcomed the inclusion of the topic, identification and legal consequences of obligations and their onus in international law, in the program of work and the appointment of Professor Masahiko Asada as special rapporteur.","start":3891.75,"end":3906.03,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Several delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. Discussion included their relationship with peremptory norms, State responsibility, and countermeasures taken in the collective interest."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":3891.75,"end":3891.95},{"text":"chapter","start":3891.95,"end":3892.75},{"text":"13,","start":3892.75,"end":3893.23},{"text":"Sierra","start":3893.31,"end":3893.51},{"text":"Leone","start":3893.51,"end":3893.71},{"text":"welcomed","start":3893.71,"end":3894.07},{"text":"the","start":3894.07,"end":3894.15},{"text":"inclusion","start":3894.15,"end":3894.59},{"text":"of","start":3894.59,"end":3894.71},{"text":"the","start":3894.71,"end":3894.79},{"text":"topic,","start":3894.79,"end":3895.31},{"text":"identification","start":3895.63,"end":3896.55},{"text":"and","start":3896.55,"end":3896.71},{"text":"legal","start":3896.71,"end":3896.91},{"text":"consequences","start":3896.91,"end":3897.55},{"text":"of","start":3897.55,"end":3897.67},{"text":"obligations","start":3897.67,"end":3898.43},{"text":"and","start":3898.43,"end":3898.55},{"text":"their","start":3898.55,"end":3898.67},{"text":"onus","start":3898.67,"end":3899.15},{"text":"in","start":3899.15,"end":3899.35},{"text":"international","start":3899.35,"end":3900.15},{"text":"law,","start":3900.15,"end":3900.23},{"text":"in","start":3900.59,"end":3900.75},{"text":"the","start":3900.75,"end":3900.83},{"text":"program","start":3900.83,"end":3901.19},{"text":"of","start":3901.19,"end":3901.31},{"text":"work","start":3901.31,"end":3901.63},{"text":"and","start":3901.63,"end":3901.75},{"text":"the","start":3901.75,"end":3901.83},{"text":"appointment","start":3901.83,"end":3902.43},{"text":"of","start":3902.43,"end":3902.59},{"text":"Professor","start":3902.59,"end":3903.23},{"text":"Masahiko","start":3903.75,"end":3904.35},{"text":"Asada","start":3904.39,"end":3904.79},{"text":"as","start":3904.79,"end":3905.07},{"text":"special","start":3905.07,"end":3905.47},{"text":"rapporteur.","start":3905.47,"end":3906.03}]},{"text":"We also welcome the inclusion of the right to regulate international investment law in a long-term program of work.","start":3906.59,"end":3912.83,"topics":[{"key":"investment-regulatory-rights","label":"Right to Regulate in International Investment Law","description":"Delegations supported examining States’ right to regulate under international investment law to clarify legal uncertainties. Speakers highlighted the balance between investment protection, economic sovereignty, and sustainable development."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3906.59,"end":3906.75},{"text":"also","start":3906.75,"end":3906.99},{"text":"welcome","start":3906.99,"end":3907.39},{"text":"the","start":3907.39,"end":3907.47},{"text":"inclusion","start":3907.47,"end":3908.27},{"text":"of","start":3908.27,"end":3908.51},{"text":"the","start":3908.51,"end":3908.63},{"text":"right","start":3908.63,"end":3908.87},{"text":"to","start":3908.87,"end":3908.95},{"text":"regulate","start":3908.95,"end":3909.47},{"text":"international","start":3909.47,"end":3910.11},{"text":"investment","start":3910.11,"end":3910.59},{"text":"law","start":3910.59,"end":3910.99},{"text":"in","start":3911.39,"end":3911.59},{"text":"a","start":3911.59,"end":3911.63},{"text":"long-term","start":3911.63,"end":3912.07},{"text":"program","start":3912.07,"end":3912.39},{"text":"of","start":3912.39,"end":3912.51},{"text":"work.","start":3912.51,"end":3912.83}]},{"text":"This topic should be immediately added to the current program of work of the commission.","start":3913.55,"end":3918.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3913.55,"end":3913.79},{"text":"topic","start":3913.79,"end":3914.35},{"text":"should","start":3914.35,"end":3914.47},{"text":"be","start":3914.47,"end":3914.71},{"text":"immediately","start":3914.71,"end":3915.23},{"text":"added","start":3915.23,"end":3915.63},{"text":"to","start":3915.71,"end":3915.87},{"text":"the","start":3915.87,"end":3915.95},{"text":"current","start":3915.95,"end":3916.35},{"text":"program","start":3916.35,"end":3916.75},{"text":"of","start":3916.75,"end":3916.83},{"text":"work","start":3916.83,"end":3917.15},{"text":"of","start":3917.27,"end":3917.39},{"text":"the","start":3917.39,"end":3917.47},{"text":"commission.","start":3917.47,"end":3918.03}]},{"text":"giving its relevance to States and to achieving sustainable development.","start":3918.59,"end":3922.43,"topics":[{"key":"investment-regulatory-rights","label":"Right to Regulate in International Investment Law","description":"Delegations supported examining States’ right to regulate under international investment law to clarify legal uncertainties. Speakers highlighted the balance between investment protection, economic sovereignty, and sustainable development."}],"words":[{"text":"giving","start":3918.59,"end":3918.79},{"text":"its","start":3918.79,"end":3918.95},{"text":"relevance","start":3918.95,"end":3919.43},{"text":"to","start":3919.43,"end":3919.55},{"text":"States","start":3919.55,"end":3920.19},{"text":"and","start":3920.39,"end":3920.55},{"text":"to","start":3920.55,"end":3920.67},{"text":"achieving","start":3920.67,"end":3921.23},{"text":"sustainable","start":3921.23,"end":3921.75},{"text":"development.","start":3921.75,"end":3922.43}]},{"text":"Finally, we affirm our support for the International Law Seminar and for the Trust Fund assisting Special Rapporteurs, and we encourage contributions to 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are essential to broadening the participation of developing countries, and of Africa in particular, in the progressive development and codification of international 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thank you.","start":3943.23,"end":3943.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3943.23,"end":3943.31},{"text":"thank","start":3943.31,"end":3943.55},{"text":"you.","start":3943.55,"end":3943.67}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"SLE","group":null,"function":"Permanent Representative","affiliation_full":"Sierra Leone"}},{"statement_number":17,"start":3946.19,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/81/31?lang=en&t=1:05:47","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished Permanent Representative of Sierra Leone for his statement.","start":3946.19,"end":3951.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3946.19,"end":3946.2},{"text":"thank","start":3946.19,"end":3946.63},{"text":"the","start":3946.99,"end":3947.11},{"text":"distinguished","start":3947.39,"end":3948.03},{"text":"Permanent","start":3948.03,"end":3948.39},{"text":"Representative","start":3948.39,"end":3949.07},{"text":"of","start":3949.07,"end":3949.23},{"text":"Sierra","start":3949.23,"end":3949.55},{"text":"Leone","start":3949.55,"end":3949.95},{"text":"for","start":3949.95,"end":3950.11},{"text":"his","start":3950.11,"end":3950.31},{"text":"statement.","start":3950.31,"end":3951.07}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of 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Committee"}},{"statement_number":18,"start":3958.35,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/81/31?lang=en&t=1:05:59","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Madam Chair, allow me to begin by extending our congratulations to the newly elected Chair of the International Law Commission, Mr. Andreas 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like to thank him for introducing the Commission's report and for his able and dedicated leadership of the Commission's Commission throughout its 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the outset, the Czech Republic would like to briefly comment on the topic sea level rise in relation to international 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welcome the development following the completion of the Commission's work on the topic, including the adoption of the high-level declaration during the opening of the current session of the General Assembly.","start":3983.43,"end":3992.47,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3983.43,"end":3983.59},{"text":"welcome","start":3983.59,"end":3983.87},{"text":"the","start":3983.87,"end":3983.95},{"text":"development","start":3983.95,"end":3984.39},{"text":"following","start":3984.39,"end":3984.79},{"text":"the","start":3984.79,"end":3984.87},{"text":"completion","start":3984.87,"end":3985.51},{"text":"of","start":3985.59,"end":3985.75},{"text":"the","start":3985.75,"end":3985.83},{"text":"Commission's","start":3985.83,"end":3986.31},{"text":"work","start":3986.31,"end":3986.55},{"text":"on","start":3986.55,"end":3986.71},{"text":"the","start":3986.71,"end":3986.79},{"text":"topic,","start":3986.79,"end":3987.19},{"text":"including","start":3987.43,"end":3987.99},{"text":"the","start":3987.99,"end":3988.11},{"text":"adoption","start":3988.11,"end":3988.47},{"text":"of","start":3988.47,"end":3988.55},{"text":"the","start":3988.55,"end":3988.67},{"text":"high-level","start":3988.67,"end":3989.07},{"text":"declaration","start":3989.07,"end":3989.83},{"text":"during","start":3989.91,"end":3990.19},{"text":"the","start":3990.19,"end":3990.27},{"text":"opening","start":3990.31,"end":3990.75},{"text":"of","start":3990.75,"end":3990.87},{"text":"the","start":3990.87,"end":3990.95},{"text":"current","start":3990.95,"end":3991.27},{"text":"session","start":3991.27,"end":3991.55},{"text":"of","start":3991.55,"end":3991.67},{"text":"the","start":3991.67,"end":3991.75},{"text":"General","start":3991.75,"end":3992.07},{"text":"Assembly.","start":3992.07,"end":3992.47}]},{"text":"We appreciate that the last year's advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the obligations of states in respect of climate change provided authoritative guidance on the applicable rules of international law and clarified a number of outstanding legal questions.","start":3993.43,"end":4008.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3993.43,"end":3993.59},{"text":"appreciate","start":3993.59,"end":3994.23},{"text":"that","start":3994.31,"end":3994.51},{"text":"the","start":3994.51,"end":3994.63},{"text":"last","start":3994.63,"end":3994.95},{"text":"year's","start":3994.95,"end":3995.27},{"text":"advisory","start":3995.27,"end":3995.79},{"text":"opinion","start":3995.79,"end":3996.31},{"text":"of","start":3996.31,"end":3996.47},{"text":"the","start":3996.47,"end":3996.55},{"text":"International","start":3996.55,"end":3997.11},{"text":"Court","start":3997.11,"end":3997.31},{"text":"of","start":3997.31,"end":3997.43},{"text":"Justice","start":3997.43,"end":3997.91},{"text":"on","start":3998.63,"end":3998.79},{"text":"the","start":3998.79,"end":3998.91},{"text":"obligations","start":3998.91,"end":3999.51},{"text":"of","start":3999.51,"end":3999.59},{"text":"states","start":3999.59,"end":3999.99},{"text":"in","start":4000.03,"end":4000.15},{"text":"respect","start":4000.15,"end":4000.51},{"text":"of","start":4000.51,"end":4000.63},{"text":"climate","start":4000.63,"end":4000.99},{"text":"change","start":4000.99,"end":4001.43},{"text":"provided","start":4001.75,"end":4002.19},{"text":"authoritative","start":4002.27,"end":4002.91},{"text":"guidance","start":4002.91,"end":4003.55},{"text":"on","start":4003.55,"end":4003.71},{"text":"the","start":4003.71,"end":4003.83},{"text":"applicable","start":4003.83,"end":4004.27},{"text":"rules","start":4004.27,"end":4004.55},{"text":"of","start":4004.55,"end":4004.63},{"text":"international","start":4004.63,"end":4005.43},{"text":"law","start":4005.43,"end":4005.51},{"text":"and","start":4005.87,"end":4006.03},{"text":"clarified","start":4006.03,"end":4006.67},{"text":"a","start":4006.99,"end":4007.03},{"text":"number","start":4007.03,"end":4007.31},{"text":"of","start":4007.31,"end":4007.39},{"text":"outstanding","start":4007.39,"end":4007.87},{"text":"legal","start":4007.87,"end":4008.19},{"text":"questions.","start":4008.19,"end":4008.83}]},{"text":"In our view, these developments now provide a comprehensive basis for addressing the legal dimensions of sea level rise.","start":4009.47,"end":4016.19,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. 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protection."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4009.47,"end":4009.63},{"text":"our","start":4009.63,"end":4009.79},{"text":"view,","start":4009.79,"end":4010.19},{"text":"these","start":4010.27,"end":4010.51},{"text":"developments","start":4010.51,"end":4011.07},{"text":"now","start":4011.07,"end":4011.23},{"text":"provide","start":4011.23,"end":4011.67},{"text":"a","start":4011.67,"end":4011.71},{"text":"comprehensive","start":4011.71,"end":4012.35},{"text":"basis","start":4012.35,"end":4012.91},{"text":"for","start":4013.39,"end":4013.63},{"text":"addressing","start":4013.63,"end":4014.11},{"text":"the","start":4014.11,"end":4014.19},{"text":"legal","start":4014.19,"end":4014.43},{"text":"dimensions","start":4014.43,"end":4015.23},{"text":"of","start":4015.23,"end":4015.39},{"text":"sea","start":4015.39,"end":4015.63},{"text":"level","start":4015.63,"end":4015.83},{"text":"rise.","start":4015.83,"end":4016.19}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, allow me now to turn to the topic immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction.","start":4017.39,"end":4023.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":4017.39,"end":4017.63},{"text":"Chair,","start":4017.63,"end":4017.95},{"text":"allow","start":4018.27,"end":4018.39},{"text":"me","start":4018.39,"end":4018.55},{"text":"now","start":4018.55,"end":4018.75},{"text":"to","start":4018.75,"end":4018.83},{"text":"turn","start":4018.83,"end":4019.15},{"text":"to","start":4019.15,"end":4019.31},{"text":"the","start":4019.31,"end":4019.39},{"text":"topic","start":4019.39,"end":4019.79},{"text":"immunity","start":4019.95,"end":4020.35},{"text":"of","start":4020.35,"end":4020.43},{"text":"State","start":4020.43,"end":4020.83},{"text":"officials","start":4020.83,"end":4021.39},{"text":"from","start":4021.39,"end":4021.63},{"text":"foreign","start":4021.63,"end":4021.95},{"text":"criminal","start":4021.95,"end":4022.35},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":4022.35,"end":4023.07}]},{"text":"The Czech Republic welcomes that the Commission adopted the entire set of draft articles on the topic.","start":4023.87,"end":4028.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4023.87,"end":4023.95},{"text":"Czech","start":4023.95,"end":4024.11},{"text":"Republic","start":4024.11,"end":4024.43},{"text":"welcomes","start":4024.43,"end":4024.99},{"text":"that","start":4024.99,"end":4025.23},{"text":"the","start":4025.23,"end":4025.31},{"text":"Commission","start":4025.31,"end":4025.79},{"text":"adopted","start":4025.79,"end":4026.35},{"text":"the","start":4026.43,"end":4026.63},{"text":"entire","start":4026.63,"end":4026.99},{"text":"set","start":4026.99,"end":4027.23},{"text":"of","start":4027.23,"end":4027.39},{"text":"draft","start":4027.39,"end":4027.71},{"text":"articles","start":4027.71,"end":4028.35},{"text":"on","start":4028.35,"end":4028.43},{"text":"the","start":4028.43,"end":4028.59},{"text":"topic.","start":4028.59,"end":4028.99}]},{"text":"We would like to express our appreciation to the Commission and the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Claudio Grossman-Guilof, for their work and the completion on the second reading.","start":4029.79,"end":4038.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4029.79,"end":4029.87},{"text":"would","start":4029.87,"end":4029.99},{"text":"like","start":4029.99,"end":4030.15},{"text":"to","start":4030.15,"end":4030.27},{"text":"express","start":4030.27,"end":4030.59},{"text":"our","start":4030.59,"end":4030.75},{"text":"appreciation","start":4030.75,"end":4031.59},{"text":"to","start":4031.67,"end":4031.75},{"text":"the","start":4031.75,"end":4031.87},{"text":"Commission","start":4031.87,"end":4032.39},{"text":"and","start":4032.39,"end":4032.55},{"text":"the","start":4032.55,"end":4032.63},{"text":"Special","start":4032.63,"end":4032.95},{"text":"Rapporteur,","start":4032.95,"end":4033.67},{"text":"Mr.","start":4033.87,"end":4034.15},{"text":"Claudio","start":4034.15,"end":4034.47},{"text":"Grossman-Guilof,","start":4034.47,"end":4035.27},{"text":"for","start":4035.75,"end":4035.95},{"text":"their","start":4035.95,"end":4036.11},{"text":"work","start":4036.11,"end":4036.47},{"text":"and","start":4036.63,"end":4036.75},{"text":"the","start":4036.75,"end":4036.83},{"text":"completion","start":4036.83,"end":4037.51},{"text":"on","start":4037.59,"end":4037.71},{"text":"the","start":4037.71,"end":4037.79},{"text":"second","start":4037.79,"end":4038.03},{"text":"reading.","start":4038.03,"end":4038.47}]},{"text":"We also appreciate substantial contributions of previous Special Rapporteurs, Mr. Roman Kolotkin and Mrs. Concepción Escobar Hernández.","start":4039.27,"end":4046.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4039.27,"end":4039.35},{"text":"also","start":4039.35,"end":4039.59},{"text":"appreciate","start":4039.59,"end":4040.07},{"text":"substantial","start":4040.07,"end":4040.55},{"text":"contributions","start":4040.55,"end":4041.19},{"text":"of","start":4041.19,"end":4041.27},{"text":"previous","start":4041.27,"end":4041.87},{"text":"Special","start":4041.87,"end":4042.15},{"text":"Rapporteurs,","start":4042.15,"end":4042.87},{"text":"Mr.","start":4043.11,"end":4043.39},{"text":"Roman","start":4043.39,"end":4043.67},{"text":"Kolotkin","start":4043.67,"end":4044.23},{"text":"and","start":4044.39,"end":4044.63},{"text":"Mrs.","start":4044.63,"end":4044.91},{"text":"Concepción","start":4044.91,"end":4045.51},{"text":"Escobar","start":4045.51,"end":4045.91},{"text":"Hernández.","start":4045.91,"end":4046.47}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, there is no doubt that the draft articles substantially clarify the legal concepts concerning the immunity of State officials, both ratione personae and ratione materiae, from foreign criminal jurisdiction, and their status in respect of other related concepts of international law.","start":4047.87,"end":4064.43,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. 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the same time, the adopted set of draft articles will surely be the subject of further study and discussions on intergovernmental as well as academic level.","start":4065.35,"end":4074.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":4065.35,"end":4065.47},{"text":"the","start":4065.47,"end":4065.55},{"text":"same","start":4065.55,"end":4065.75},{"text":"time,","start":4065.75,"end":4066.23},{"text":"the","start":4066.47,"end":4066.67},{"text":"adopted","start":4066.67,"end":4067.03},{"text":"set","start":4067.03,"end":4067.27},{"text":"of","start":4067.27,"end":4067.35},{"text":"draft","start":4067.35,"end":4067.67},{"text":"articles","start":4067.67,"end":4068.23},{"text":"will","start":4068.31,"end":4068.47},{"text":"surely","start":4068.47,"end":4069.03},{"text":"be","start":4069.03,"end":4069.23},{"text":"the","start":4069.23,"end":4069.35},{"text":"subject","start":4069.35,"end":4069.75},{"text":"of","start":4069.75,"end":4069.83},{"text":"further","start":4069.83,"end":4070.15},{"text":"study","start":4070.15,"end":4070.63},{"text":"and","start":4071.07,"end":4071.23},{"text":"discussions","start":4071.23,"end":4071.99},{"text":"on","start":4072.07,"end":4072.31},{"text":"intergovernmental","start":4072.31,"end":4073.19},{"text":"as","start":4073.27,"end":4073.43},{"text":"well","start":4073.43,"end":4073.59},{"text":"as","start":4073.59,"end":4073.83},{"text":"academic","start":4073.87,"end":4074.23},{"text":"level.","start":4074.23,"end":4074.55}]},{"text":"The draft articles provide a substantial, thought-out and elaborate basis for such discussions.","start":4075.35,"end":4080.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4075.35,"end":4075.39},{"text":"draft","start":4075.39,"end":4075.67},{"text":"articles","start":4075.67,"end":4076.07},{"text":"provide","start":4076.07,"end":4076.39},{"text":"a","start":4076.39,"end":4076.43},{"text":"substantial,","start":4076.43,"end":4077.11},{"text":"thought-out","start":4077.43,"end":4077.99},{"text":"and","start":4078.07,"end":4078.23},{"text":"elaborate","start":4078.23,"end":4078.63},{"text":"basis","start":4078.63,"end":4079.11},{"text":"for","start":4079.19,"end":4079.43},{"text":"such","start":4079.43,"end":4079.59},{"text":"discussions.","start":4079.59,"end":4080.23}]},{"text":"The Czech Republic expressed its positions on certain aspects of the draft articles in its previous statements.","start":4081.11,"end":4085.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4081.11,"end":4081.23},{"text":"Czech","start":4081.23,"end":4081.39},{"text":"Republic","start":4081.39,"end":4081.71},{"text":"expressed","start":4081.71,"end":4082.15},{"text":"its","start":4082.15,"end":4082.31},{"text":"positions","start":4082.31,"end":4082.83},{"text":"on","start":4082.83,"end":4082.95},{"text":"certain","start":4082.95,"end":4083.35},{"text":"aspects","start":4083.35,"end":4083.71},{"text":"of","start":4083.71,"end":4083.83},{"text":"the","start":4083.83,"end":4083.91},{"text":"draft","start":4083.91,"end":4084.23},{"text":"articles","start":4084.23,"end":4084.71},{"text":"in","start":4084.71,"end":4084.79},{"text":"its","start":4084.79,"end":4084.95},{"text":"previous","start":4084.95,"end":4085.39},{"text":"statements.","start":4085.39,"end":4085.99}]},{"text":"We appreciate that the Commission confirmed the inclusion of draft article 6 with an expanded list of crimes in respect of which immunity ratione materiae shall not apply.","start":4086.31,"end":4095.75,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4086.31,"end":4086.55},{"text":"appreciate","start":4086.55,"end":4086.99},{"text":"that","start":4086.99,"end":4087.11},{"text":"the","start":4087.11,"end":4087.19},{"text":"Commission","start":4087.19,"end":4087.59},{"text":"confirmed","start":4087.59,"end":4088.31},{"text":"the","start":4088.55,"end":4088.67},{"text":"inclusion","start":4088.67,"end":4089.11},{"text":"of","start":4089.11,"end":4089.27},{"text":"draft","start":4089.27,"end":4089.55},{"text":"article","start":4089.55,"end":4089.91},{"text":"6","start":4089.91,"end":4090.31},{"text":"with","start":4090.63,"end":4090.83},{"text":"an","start":4090.83,"end":4090.95},{"text":"expanded","start":4090.95,"end":4091.47},{"text":"list","start":4091.47,"end":4091.67},{"text":"of","start":4091.67,"end":4091.75},{"text":"crimes","start":4091.75,"end":4092.31},{"text":"in","start":4092.31,"end":4092.47},{"text":"respect","start":4092.47,"end":4092.83},{"text":"of","start":4092.83,"end":4092.91},{"text":"which","start":4092.91,"end":4093.19},{"text":"immunity","start":4093.19,"end":4093.75},{"text":"ratione","start":4093.75,"end":4094.23},{"text":"materiae","start":4094.23,"end":4094.71},{"text":"shall","start":4094.71,"end":4094.95},{"text":"not","start":4094.95,"end":4095.27},{"text":"apply.","start":4095.35,"end":4095.75}]},{"text":"As we already stated, the draft article in principle reflects already existing norms of international law based on the absence of immunity ratione materiae when state officials commit serious crimes defined in relevant criminal law treaties containing the obligation to criminalize those crimes and to prosecute or extradite their perpetrators.","start":4096.95,"end":4115.99,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. 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Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":4148.03,"end":4148.19},{"text":"Chair,","start":4148.19,"end":4148.59},{"text":"finally,","start":4148.67,"end":4149.23},{"text":"we","start":4149.23,"end":4149.31},{"text":"would","start":4149.31,"end":4149.43},{"text":"like","start":4149.43,"end":4149.63},{"text":"to","start":4149.63,"end":4149.71},{"text":"turn","start":4149.71,"end":4150.03},{"text":"to","start":4150.03,"end":4150.19},{"text":"the","start":4150.19,"end":4150.27},{"text":"draft","start":4150.27,"end":4150.63},{"text":"procedural","start":4150.63,"end":4151.11},{"text":"provisions","start":4151.11,"end":4151.71},{"text":"and","start":4151.71,"end":4151.87},{"text":"safeguards","start":4151.87,"end":4152.43},{"text":"in","start":4152.43,"end":4152.59},{"text":"Part","start":4152.59,"end":4153.23},{"text":"IV,","start":4153.23,"end":4153.31},{"text":"which","start":4153.75,"end":4153.95},{"text":"we","start":4153.95,"end":4154.11},{"text":"commented","start":4154.11,"end":4154.67},{"text":"on","start":4154.75,"end":4155.07},{"text":"in","start":4155.15,"end":4155.31},{"text":"our","start":4155.31,"end":4155.55},{"text":"previous","start":4155.55,"end":4155.83},{"text":"statements.","start":4155.83,"end":4156.51}]},{"text":"We appreciate the focus on and elaboration of certain aspects of procedure in these cases, including the emphasis on examination of immunity by the forum state, communication and consultation between the states concerned, and the importance of fair treatment in the proceedings against foreign state officials.","start":4157.07,"end":4174.43,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4157.07,"end":4157.23},{"text":"appreciate","start":4157.23,"end":4157.79},{"text":"the","start":4157.79,"end":4157.87},{"text":"focus","start":4157.87,"end":4158.27},{"text":"on","start":4158.27,"end":4158.67},{"text":"and","start":4158.75,"end":4159.03},{"text":"elaboration","start":4159.03,"end":4159.55},{"text":"of","start":4159.55,"end":4159.87},{"text":"certain","start":4159.95,"end":4160.43},{"text":"aspects","start":4160.47,"end":4160.83},{"text":"of","start":4160.83,"end":4160.95},{"text":"procedure","start":4160.95,"end":4161.47},{"text":"in","start":4161.47,"end":4161.67},{"text":"these","start":4161.67,"end":4161.87},{"text":"cases,","start":4161.87,"end":4162.35},{"text":"including","start":4162.83,"end":4163.39},{"text":"the","start":4163.39,"end":4163.51},{"text":"emphasis","start":4163.55,"end":4164.11},{"text":"on","start":4164.19,"end":4164.43},{"text":"examination","start":4164.43,"end":4165.07},{"text":"of","start":4165.07,"end":4165.19},{"text":"immunity","start":4165.19,"end":4165.63},{"text":"by","start":4165.63,"end":4165.79},{"text":"the","start":4165.79,"end":4165.87},{"text":"forum","start":4165.87,"end":4166.15},{"text":"state,","start":4166.15,"end":4166.51},{"text":"communication","start":4166.91,"end":4167.63},{"text":"and","start":4167.63,"end":4167.75},{"text":"consultation","start":4167.75,"end":4168.39},{"text":"between","start":4168.39,"end":4168.67},{"text":"the","start":4168.67,"end":4168.75},{"text":"states","start":4168.75,"end":4169.07},{"text":"concerned,","start":4169.07,"end":4169.63},{"text":"and","start":4170.19,"end":4170.39},{"text":"the","start":4170.39,"end":4170.47},{"text":"importance","start":4170.51,"end":4171.23},{"text":"of","start":4171.27,"end":4171.35},{"text":"fair","start":4171.35,"end":4171.59},{"text":"treatment","start":4171.59,"end":4172.27},{"text":"in","start":4172.27,"end":4172.43},{"text":"the","start":4172.43,"end":4172.51},{"text":"proceedings","start":4172.51,"end":4173.07},{"text":"against","start":4173.11,"end":4173.39},{"text":"foreign","start":4173.39,"end":4173.63},{"text":"state","start":4173.63,"end":4173.87},{"text":"officials.","start":4173.87,"end":4174.43}]},{"text":"On the other hand, we took note of diverging views on certain draft procedural articles expressed in previous discussions by the Commission and the Sixth Committee.","start":4175.43,"end":4184.47,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":4175.43,"end":4175.51},{"text":"the","start":4175.51,"end":4175.59},{"text":"other","start":4175.59,"end":4175.75},{"text":"hand,","start":4175.75,"end":4176.07},{"text":"we","start":4176.07,"end":4176.27},{"text":"took","start":4176.27,"end":4176.47},{"text":"note","start":4176.47,"end":4176.71},{"text":"of","start":4176.71,"end":4177.19},{"text":"diverging","start":4177.19,"end":4178.07},{"text":"views","start":4178.07,"end":4178.55},{"text":"on","start":4178.71,"end":4178.87},{"text":"certain","start":4178.87,"end":4179.23},{"text":"draft","start":4179.23,"end":4179.51},{"text":"procedural","start":4179.51,"end":4179.99},{"text":"articles","start":4179.99,"end":4180.63},{"text":"expressed","start":4180.79,"end":4181.35},{"text":"in","start":4181.35,"end":4181.51},{"text":"previous","start":4181.51,"end":4181.87},{"text":"discussions","start":4181.87,"end":4182.55},{"text":"by","start":4182.55,"end":4182.79},{"text":"the","start":4182.79,"end":4182.87},{"text":"Commission","start":4182.87,"end":4183.43},{"text":"and","start":4183.43,"end":4183.63},{"text":"the","start":4183.63,"end":4183.75},{"text":"Sixth","start":4183.75,"end":4183.99},{"text":"Committee.","start":4183.99,"end":4184.47}]},{"text":"We would also like to refer to our concerns with respect to this part of draft articles, what we formulated in previous years.","start":4185.43,"end":4193.27,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4185.43,"end":4185.55},{"text":"would","start":4185.55,"end":4185.75},{"text":"also","start":4185.75,"end":4186.15},{"text":"like","start":4186.15,"end":4186.39},{"text":"to","start":4186.39,"end":4186.59},{"text":"refer","start":4186.59,"end":4186.95},{"text":"to","start":4186.95,"end":4187.07},{"text":"our","start":4187.11,"end":4187.27},{"text":"concerns","start":4187.27,"end":4187.83},{"text":"with","start":4187.83,"end":4187.99},{"text":"respect","start":4187.99,"end":4188.35},{"text":"to","start":4188.35,"end":4188.47},{"text":"this","start":4188.47,"end":4188.63},{"text":"part","start":4188.63,"end":4188.95},{"text":"of","start":4188.95,"end":4189.03},{"text":"draft","start":4189.03,"end":4189.35},{"text":"articles,","start":4189.35,"end":4189.99},{"text":"what","start":4191.59,"end":4191.83},{"text":"we","start":4191.83,"end":4191.91},{"text":"formulated","start":4191.91,"end":4192.39},{"text":"in","start":4192.39,"end":4192.47},{"text":"previous","start":4192.47,"end":4192.79},{"text":"years.","start":4192.79,"end":4193.27}]},{"text":"The existing practice in this area is based on national laws on criminal procedure and treaties on international judicial cooperation in criminal matters.","start":4193.91,"end":4201.59,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. 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Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"which","start":4202.11,"end":4202.23},{"text":"provide","start":4202.23,"end":4202.71},{"text":"for","start":4202.71,"end":4202.99},{"text":"the","start":4202.99,"end":4203.07},{"text":"prosecution","start":4203.07,"end":4203.67},{"text":"of","start":4203.67,"end":4203.79},{"text":"crimes","start":4203.79,"end":4204.23},{"text":"committed","start":4204.23,"end":4204.63},{"text":"by","start":4204.63,"end":4204.79},{"text":"state","start":4204.79,"end":4205.03},{"text":"officials.","start":4205.03,"end":4205.59}]},{"text":"In our opinion, the relationship of draft procedural provisions to those treaties is not clarified enough and requires further consideration.","start":4206.23,"end":4214.07,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4206.23,"end":4206.35},{"text":"our","start":4206.35,"end":4206.47},{"text":"opinion,","start":4206.47,"end":4207.11},{"text":"the","start":4207.19,"end":4207.35},{"text":"relationship","start":4207.35,"end":4207.91},{"text":"of","start":4207.91,"end":4208.07},{"text":"draft","start":4208.07,"end":4208.39},{"text":"procedural","start":4208.39,"end":4208.83},{"text":"provisions","start":4208.83,"end":4209.43},{"text":"to","start":4209.43,"end":4209.55},{"text":"those","start":4209.55,"end":4209.75},{"text":"treaties","start":4209.75,"end":4210.39},{"text":"is","start":4210.63,"end":4210.79},{"text":"not","start":4210.79,"end":4210.95},{"text":"clarified","start":4210.95,"end":4211.51},{"text":"enough","start":4211.51,"end":4211.91},{"text":"and","start":4212.31,"end":4212.47},{"text":"requires","start":4212.47,"end":4212.95},{"text":"further","start":4212.95,"end":4213.27},{"text":"consideration.","start":4213.27,"end":4214.07}]},{"text":"Therefore, at least at this stage, we maintain our view that the draft articles, namely procedural provisions in Part IV, should rather remain in their non-binding form.","start":4214.71,"end":4224.23,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":4214.71,"end":4215.35},{"text":"at","start":4215.43,"end":4215.63},{"text":"least","start":4215.63,"end":4215.87},{"text":"at","start":4215.87,"end":4215.95},{"text":"this","start":4215.95,"end":4216.11},{"text":"stage,","start":4216.11,"end":4216.55},{"text":"we","start":4216.87,"end":4217.11},{"text":"maintain","start":4217.11,"end":4217.43},{"text":"our","start":4217.43,"end":4217.67},{"text":"view","start":4217.67,"end":4218.07},{"text":"that","start":4218.15,"end":4218.31},{"text":"the","start":4218.31,"end":4218.39},{"text":"draft","start":4218.39,"end":4218.71},{"text":"articles,","start":4218.71,"end":4219.35},{"text":"namely","start":4219.43,"end":4219.75},{"text":"procedural","start":4219.75,"end":4220.23},{"text":"provisions","start":4220.23,"end":4220.67},{"text":"in","start":4220.67,"end":4220.79},{"text":"Part","start":4220.79,"end":4221.43},{"text":"IV,","start":4221.59,"end":4221.67},{"text":"should","start":4221.67,"end":4221.87},{"text":"rather","start":4221.91,"end":4222.27},{"text":"remain","start":4222.27,"end":4222.63},{"text":"in","start":4222.71,"end":4222.87},{"text":"their","start":4222.87,"end":4223.11},{"text":"non-binding","start":4223.11,"end":4223.83},{"text":"form.","start":4223.83,"end":4224.23}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, now I would like to present our observations on the topic general principles of law.","start":4225.43,"end":4230.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":4225.43,"end":4225.67},{"text":"Chair,","start":4225.67,"end":4226.07},{"text":"now","start":4226.31,"end":4226.63},{"text":"I","start":4226.63,"end":4226.71},{"text":"would","start":4226.71,"end":4226.83},{"text":"like","start":4226.83,"end":4226.99},{"text":"to","start":4226.99,"end":4227.11},{"text":"present","start":4227.11,"end":4227.51},{"text":"our","start":4227.51,"end":4227.67},{"text":"observations","start":4227.67,"end":4228.39},{"text":"on","start":4228.39,"end":4228.55},{"text":"the","start":4228.55,"end":4228.67},{"text":"topic","start":4228.67,"end":4229.03},{"text":"general","start":4229.11,"end":4229.43},{"text":"principles","start":4229.43,"end":4229.87},{"text":"of","start":4229.87,"end":4229.99},{"text":"law.","start":4229.99,"end":4230.31}]},{"text":"The Czech Republic welcomes the adoption of draft conclusions by the Commission on second reading and expresses its appreciation and gratitude to the Commission and the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Marcelo Vázquez Bermúdez, for their work over several years.","start":4231.03,"end":4243.91,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4231.03,"end":4231.23},{"text":"Czech","start":4231.23,"end":4231.39},{"text":"Republic","start":4231.39,"end":4231.71},{"text":"welcomes","start":4231.71,"end":4232.15},{"text":"the","start":4232.15,"end":4232.27},{"text":"adoption","start":4232.27,"end":4232.67},{"text":"of","start":4232.67,"end":4232.79},{"text":"draft","start":4232.79,"end":4233.03},{"text":"conclusions","start":4233.03,"end":4233.75},{"text":"by","start":4233.75,"end":4233.91},{"text":"the","start":4233.91,"end":4233.99},{"text":"Commission","start":4233.99,"end":4234.63},{"text":"on","start":4234.91,"end":4235.03},{"text":"second","start":4235.03,"end":4235.35},{"text":"reading","start":4235.35,"end":4235.75},{"text":"and","start":4235.83,"end":4235.99},{"text":"expresses","start":4235.99,"end":4236.47},{"text":"its","start":4236.47,"end":4236.59},{"text":"appreciation","start":4236.59,"end":4237.27},{"text":"and","start":4237.27,"end":4237.47},{"text":"gratitude","start":4237.47,"end":4237.95},{"text":"to","start":4237.95,"end":4238.03},{"text":"the","start":4238.31,"end":4238.43},{"text":"Commission","start":4238.43,"end":4238.87},{"text":"and","start":4238.87,"end":4239.03},{"text":"the","start":4239.03,"end":4239.11},{"text":"Special","start":4239.11,"end":4239.43},{"text":"Rapporteur,","start":4239.43,"end":4240.07},{"text":"Mr.","start":4240.23,"end":4240.63},{"text":"Marcelo","start":4240.63,"end":4240.95},{"text":"Vázquez","start":4240.95,"end":4241.27},{"text":"Bermúdez,","start":4241.27,"end":4241.91},{"text":"for","start":4242.23,"end":4242.47},{"text":"their","start":4242.47,"end":4242.63},{"text":"work","start":4242.63,"end":4242.95},{"text":"over","start":4242.95,"end":4243.19},{"text":"several","start":4243.19,"end":4243.51},{"text":"years.","start":4243.51,"end":4243.91}]},{"text":"The Czech Republic considers general principles of law to be an established source of international law within the meaning of Article 38, paragraph 1(c) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice.","start":4244.75,"end":4255.03,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4244.75,"end":4244.83},{"text":"Czech","start":4244.87,"end":4245.07},{"text":"Republic","start":4245.07,"end":4245.39},{"text":"considers","start":4245.39,"end":4245.83},{"text":"general","start":4245.83,"end":4246.11},{"text":"principles","start":4246.11,"end":4246.55},{"text":"of","start":4246.55,"end":4246.63},{"text":"law","start":4246.63,"end":4246.87},{"text":"to","start":4246.87,"end":4246.99},{"text":"be","start":4247.03,"end":4247.15},{"text":"an","start":4247.15,"end":4247.27},{"text":"established","start":4247.35,"end":4247.91},{"text":"source","start":4247.91,"end":4248.39},{"text":"of","start":4248.59,"end":4248.71},{"text":"international","start":4248.71,"end":4249.55},{"text":"law","start":4249.55,"end":4249.63},{"text":"within","start":4249.63,"end":4249.91},{"text":"the","start":4249.91,"end":4249.99},{"text":"meaning","start":4249.99,"end":4250.31},{"text":"of","start":4250.31,"end":4250.47},{"text":"Article","start":4250.47,"end":4250.79},{"text":"38,","start":4250.79,"end":4251.43},{"text":"paragraph","start":4251.67,"end":4252.07},{"text":"1(c)","start":4252.07,"end":4252.63},{"text":"of","start":4252.71,"end":4252.87},{"text":"the","start":4252.87,"end":4252.95},{"text":"Statute","start":4252.95,"end":4253.39},{"text":"of","start":4253.39,"end":4253.51},{"text":"the","start":4253.51,"end":4253.63},{"text":"International","start":4253.63,"end":4254.19},{"text":"Court","start":4254.19,"end":4254.39},{"text":"of","start":4254.39,"end":4254.47},{"text":"Justice.","start":4254.47,"end":4255.03}]},{"text":"We therefore welcome the Commission's effort to clarify the methodology for their identification and application.","start":4255.95,"end":4262.35,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4255.95,"end":4255.99},{"text":"therefore","start":4255.99,"end":4256.31},{"text":"welcome","start":4256.31,"end":4256.91},{"text":"the","start":4256.91,"end":4257.03},{"text":"Commission's","start":4257.03,"end":4257.55},{"text":"effort","start":4257.55,"end":4257.91},{"text":"to","start":4257.91,"end":4257.99},{"text":"clarify","start":4257.99,"end":4258.67},{"text":"the","start":4258.91,"end":4259.03},{"text":"methodology","start":4259.03,"end":4259.71},{"text":"for","start":4259.71,"end":4259.95},{"text":"their","start":4259.95,"end":4260.27},{"text":"identification","start":4260.43,"end":4261.47},{"text":"and","start":4261.51,"end":4261.71},{"text":"application.","start":4261.71,"end":4262.35}]},{"text":"In particular, we support the Commission's confirmation that the identification of general principles of law derived from national legal systems requires, first, the ascertainment of a principle common to the various legal systems of the world, and, second, an assessment of its applicability within the international legal system.","start":4263.15,"end":4283.07,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4263.15,"end":4263.31},{"text":"particular,","start":4263.31,"end":4264.03},{"text":"we","start":4264.27,"end":4264.43},{"text":"support","start":4264.43,"end":4264.91},{"text":"the","start":4264.91,"end":4264.99},{"text":"Commission's","start":4264.99,"end":4265.43},{"text":"confirmation","start":4265.43,"end":4266.27},{"text":"that","start":4266.35,"end":4266.51},{"text":"the","start":4266.51,"end":4266.63},{"text":"identification","start":4266.67,"end":4267.55},{"text":"of","start":4267.55,"end":4267.71},{"text":"general","start":4267.71,"end":4267.99},{"text":"principles","start":4267.99,"end":4268.51},{"text":"of","start":4268.51,"end":4268.59},{"text":"law","start":4268.59,"end":4268.91},{"text":"derived","start":4269.39,"end":4269.79},{"text":"from","start":4269.79,"end":4270.11},{"text":"national","start":4270.11,"end":4270.47},{"text":"legal","start":4270.47,"end":4270.67},{"text":"systems","start":4270.67,"end":4271.31},{"text":"requires,","start":4271.55,"end":4272.27},{"text":"first,","start":4272.43,"end":4272.91},{"text":"the","start":4272.91,"end":4273.11},{"text":"ascertainment","start":4273.15,"end":4273.95},{"text":"of","start":4273.99,"end":4274.07},{"text":"a","start":4274.07,"end":4274.11},{"text":"principle","start":4274.11,"end":4274.59},{"text":"common","start":4274.59,"end":4274.91},{"text":"to","start":4274.91,"end":4275.03},{"text":"the","start":4275.03,"end":4275.15},{"text":"various","start":4275.15,"end":4275.47},{"text":"legal","start":4275.47,"end":4275.75},{"text":"systems","start":4275.75,"end":4276.11},{"text":"of","start":4276.11,"end":4276.27},{"text":"the","start":4276.27,"end":4276.35},{"text":"world,","start":4276.35,"end":4276.67},{"text":"and,","start":4277.23,"end":4277.63},{"text":"second,","start":4277.71,"end":4278.07},{"text":"an","start":4278.07,"end":4278.19},{"text":"assessment","start":4278.67,"end":4279.55},{"text":"of","start":4279.83,"end":4279.95},{"text":"its","start":4279.95,"end":4280.11},{"text":"applicability","start":4280.11,"end":4280.91},{"text":"within","start":4281.15,"end":4281.39},{"text":"the","start":4281.39,"end":4281.51},{"text":"international","start":4281.51,"end":4282.39},{"text":"legal","start":4282.39,"end":4282.59},{"text":"system.","start":4282.59,"end":4283.07}]},{"text":"This two-step approach reflects the traditional understanding of general principles of law and provides useful guidance for practice.","start":4283.83,"end":4290.95,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4283.83,"end":4283.95},{"text":"two-step","start":4283.95,"end":4284.31},{"text":"approach","start":4284.31,"end":4284.87},{"text":"reflects","start":4285.11,"end":4285.51},{"text":"the","start":4285.51,"end":4285.63},{"text":"traditional","start":4285.63,"end":4286.15},{"text":"understanding","start":4286.15,"end":4286.87},{"text":"of","start":4286.87,"end":4287.07},{"text":"general","start":4287.07,"end":4287.35},{"text":"principles","start":4287.35,"end":4287.83},{"text":"of","start":4287.83,"end":4287.99},{"text":"law","start":4287.99,"end":4288.31},{"text":"and","start":4288.63,"end":4288.79},{"text":"provides","start":4288.79,"end":4289.35},{"text":"useful","start":4289.35,"end":4289.75},{"text":"guidance","start":4289.75,"end":4290.23},{"text":"for","start":4290.23,"end":4290.39},{"text":"practice.","start":4290.39,"end":4290.95}]},{"text":"At the same time, the Czech Republic would like to reiterate certain observations that it has made throughout the Commission's consideration of this topic.","start":4291.79,"end":4299.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":4291.79,"end":4291.87},{"text":"the","start":4291.87,"end":4291.99},{"text":"same","start":4291.99,"end":4292.23},{"text":"time,","start":4292.23,"end":4292.63},{"text":"the","start":4292.63,"end":4292.75},{"text":"Czech","start":4292.79,"end":4292.95},{"text":"Republic","start":4292.95,"end":4293.27},{"text":"would","start":4293.27,"end":4293.39},{"text":"like","start":4293.39,"end":4293.59},{"text":"to","start":4293.59,"end":4293.67},{"text":"reiterate","start":4293.67,"end":4294.39},{"text":"certain","start":4294.47,"end":4294.91},{"text":"observations","start":4294.91,"end":4295.75},{"text":"that","start":4295.99,"end":4296.19},{"text":"it","start":4296.19,"end":4296.27},{"text":"has","start":4296.27,"end":4296.47},{"text":"made","start":4296.47,"end":4296.71},{"text":"throughout","start":4296.71,"end":4297.07},{"text":"the","start":4297.11,"end":4297.23},{"text":"Commission's","start":4297.23,"end":4297.71},{"text":"consideration","start":4297.71,"end":4298.43},{"text":"of","start":4298.43,"end":4298.55},{"text":"this","start":4298.55,"end":4298.71},{"text":"topic.","start":4298.71,"end":4299.11}]},{"text":"First, with regard to draft conclusion 5, we remain unconvinced that a wide and representative comparative analysis should be regarded as a necessary requirement in every case.","start":4299.99,"end":4311.11,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":4299.99,"end":4300.47},{"text":"with","start":4300.79,"end":4301.03},{"text":"regard","start":4301.03,"end":4301.35},{"text":"to","start":4301.35,"end":4301.51},{"text":"draft","start":4301.51,"end":4301.83},{"text":"conclusion","start":4301.83,"end":4302.31},{"text":"5,","start":4302.31,"end":4302.71},{"text":"we","start":4303.27,"end":4303.43},{"text":"remain","start":4303.43,"end":4303.83},{"text":"unconvinced","start":4303.99,"end":4304.79},{"text":"that","start":4305.11,"end":4305.35},{"text":"a","start":4305.35,"end":4305.39},{"text":"wide","start":4305.39,"end":4305.75},{"text":"and","start":4305.79,"end":4305.99},{"text":"representative","start":4305.99,"end":4306.59},{"text":"comparative","start":4306.59,"end":4307.07},{"text":"analysis","start":4307.07,"end":4307.75},{"text":"should","start":4307.99,"end":4308.23},{"text":"be","start":4308.23,"end":4308.39},{"text":"regarded","start":4308.39,"end":4308.87},{"text":"as","start":4308.87,"end":4309.07},{"text":"a","start":4309.07,"end":4309.11},{"text":"necessary","start":4309.11,"end":4309.55},{"text":"requirement","start":4309.55,"end":4310.15},{"text":"in","start":4310.23,"end":4310.39},{"text":"every","start":4310.39,"end":4310.67},{"text":"case.","start":4310.67,"end":4311.11}]},{"text":"A number of well-established general principles of law have long been recognized in international legal practice and jurisprudence.","start":4312.03,"end":4318.91,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":4312.03,"end":4312.07},{"text":"number","start":4312.07,"end":4312.51},{"text":"of","start":4312.51,"end":4312.67},{"text":"well-established","start":4312.67,"end":4313.43},{"text":"general","start":4313.43,"end":4313.71},{"text":"principles","start":4313.71,"end":4314.19},{"text":"of","start":4314.19,"end":4314.35},{"text":"law","start":4314.35,"end":4314.67},{"text":"have","start":4314.99,"end":4315.23},{"text":"long","start":4315.23,"end":4315.47},{"text":"been","start":4315.47,"end":4315.79},{"text":"recognized","start":4315.79,"end":4316.47},{"text":"in","start":4316.51,"end":4316.75},{"text":"international","start":4316.75,"end":4317.31},{"text":"legal","start":4317.31,"end":4317.55},{"text":"practice","start":4317.55,"end":4317.95},{"text":"and","start":4317.99,"end":4318.15},{"text":"jurisprudence.","start":4318.15,"end":4318.91}]},{"text":"Their identification is not necessarily the result of an ad hoc comparative exercise, but rather of a long and well-established legal development.","start":4319.55,"end":4327.47,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Their","start":4319.55,"end":4319.79},{"text":"identification","start":4319.79,"end":4320.75},{"text":"is","start":4320.83,"end":4321.07},{"text":"not","start":4321.07,"end":4321.23},{"text":"necessarily","start":4321.23,"end":4321.79},{"text":"the","start":4321.79,"end":4321.95},{"text":"result","start":4321.95,"end":4322.35},{"text":"of","start":4322.35,"end":4322.47},{"text":"an","start":4322.55,"end":4322.67},{"text":"ad","start":4322.71,"end":4322.83},{"text":"hoc","start":4322.83,"end":4322.99},{"text":"comparative","start":4322.99,"end":4323.47},{"text":"exercise,","start":4323.47,"end":4324.11},{"text":"but","start":4324.51,"end":4324.67},{"text":"rather","start":4324.67,"end":4324.99},{"text":"of","start":4324.99,"end":4325.15},{"text":"a","start":4325.15,"end":4325.23},{"text":"long","start":4325.23,"end":4325.47},{"text":"and","start":4325.55,"end":4325.75},{"text":"well-established","start":4325.75,"end":4326.51},{"text":"legal","start":4326.51,"end":4326.83},{"text":"development.","start":4326.83,"end":4327.47}]},{"text":"Second, we note that the Commission has retained the category of general principles of law that may be formed within the international legal system.","start":4328.67,"end":4336.91,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":4328.67,"end":4329.23},{"text":"we","start":4329.55,"end":4329.71},{"text":"note","start":4329.71,"end":4330.03},{"text":"that","start":4330.03,"end":4330.27},{"text":"the","start":4330.27,"end":4330.35},{"text":"Commission","start":4330.35,"end":4330.75},{"text":"has","start":4330.75,"end":4330.91},{"text":"retained","start":4330.91,"end":4331.55},{"text":"the","start":4331.71,"end":4331.91},{"text":"category","start":4331.91,"end":4332.43},{"text":"of","start":4332.43,"end":4332.51},{"text":"general","start":4332.51,"end":4332.83},{"text":"principles","start":4332.83,"end":4333.31},{"text":"of","start":4333.31,"end":4333.47},{"text":"law","start":4333.47,"end":4333.79},{"text":"that","start":4334.03,"end":4334.23},{"text":"may","start":4334.23,"end":4334.35},{"text":"be","start":4334.35,"end":4334.51},{"text":"formed","start":4334.51,"end":4334.91},{"text":"within","start":4334.91,"end":4335.15},{"text":"the","start":4335.15,"end":4335.27},{"text":"international","start":4335.31,"end":4336.15},{"text":"legal","start":4336.15,"end":4336.43},{"text":"system.","start":4336.43,"end":4336.91}]},{"text":"While we acknowledge the Commission's effort to clarify this concept, The Czech Republic continues to hold the view that general principles of law within the meaning of Article 38, paragraph 1(c) derive from national legal systems and are subsequently transposed to the international legal order.","start":4338.15,"end":4353.75,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":4338.15,"end":4338.43},{"text":"we","start":4338.43,"end":4338.55},{"text":"acknowledge","start":4338.55,"end":4339.07},{"text":"the","start":4339.15,"end":4339.31},{"text":"Commission's","start":4339.31,"end":4339.83},{"text":"effort","start":4339.83,"end":4340.23},{"text":"to","start":4340.23,"end":4340.31},{"text":"clarify","start":4340.31,"end":4340.75},{"text":"this","start":4340.75,"end":4340.91},{"text":"concept,","start":4340.91,"end":4341.47},{"text":"The","start":4341.99,"end":4342.03},{"text":"Czech","start":4342.03,"end":4342.19},{"text":"Republic","start":4342.19,"end":4342.51},{"text":"continues","start":4342.51,"end":4342.95},{"text":"to","start":4342.95,"end":4343.11},{"text":"hold","start":4343.11,"end":4343.35},{"text":"the","start":4343.35,"end":4343.43},{"text":"view","start":4343.43,"end":4343.83},{"text":"that","start":4344.07,"end":4344.27},{"text":"general","start":4344.27,"end":4344.55},{"text":"principles","start":4344.55,"end":4344.99},{"text":"of","start":4344.99,"end":4345.11},{"text":"law","start":4345.11,"end":4345.35},{"text":"within","start":4345.35,"end":4345.59},{"text":"the","start":4345.59,"end":4345.71},{"text":"meaning","start":4345.71,"end":4345.99},{"text":"of","start":4345.99,"end":4346.15},{"text":"Article","start":4346.15,"end":4346.55},{"text":"38,","start":4346.55,"end":4347.11},{"text":"paragraph","start":4347.11,"end":4347.51},{"text":"1(c)","start":4347.51,"end":4348.07},{"text":"derive","start":4348.47,"end":4348.79},{"text":"from","start":4348.79,"end":4349.03},{"text":"national","start":4349.03,"end":4349.39},{"text":"legal","start":4349.39,"end":4349.59},{"text":"systems","start":4349.59,"end":4350.15},{"text":"and","start":4350.35,"end":4350.55},{"text":"are","start":4350.55,"end":4350.67},{"text":"subsequently","start":4350.67,"end":4351.27},{"text":"transposed","start":4351.27,"end":4351.99},{"text":"to","start":4352.15,"end":4352.31},{"text":"the","start":4352.31,"end":4352.43},{"text":"international","start":4352.43,"end":4353.15},{"text":"legal","start":4353.15,"end":4353.39},{"text":"order.","start":4353.39,"end":4353.75}]},{"text":"In our view, sufficient state practice, jurisprudence and doctrinal support haven’t been demonstrated to establish the existence of general principles of law formed within the international legal system.","start":4354.63,"end":4365.51,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4354.63,"end":4354.79},{"text":"our","start":4354.79,"end":4354.95},{"text":"view,","start":4354.95,"end":4355.43},{"text":"sufficient","start":4355.67,"end":4356.23},{"text":"state","start":4356.23,"end":4356.47},{"text":"practice,","start":4356.47,"end":4357.03},{"text":"jurisprudence","start":4357.11,"end":4357.99},{"text":"and","start":4358.07,"end":4358.27},{"text":"doctrinal","start":4358.27,"end":4358.71},{"text":"support","start":4358.71,"end":4359.27},{"text":"haven’t","start":4359.51,"end":4359.83},{"text":"been","start":4359.83,"end":4359.99},{"text":"demonstrated","start":4359.99,"end":4360.79},{"text":"to","start":4361.11,"end":4361.23},{"text":"establish","start":4361.27,"end":4361.67},{"text":"the","start":4361.67,"end":4361.79},{"text":"existence","start":4361.79,"end":4362.31},{"text":"of","start":4362.31,"end":4362.43},{"text":"general","start":4362.43,"end":4362.71},{"text":"principles","start":4362.71,"end":4363.19},{"text":"of","start":4363.19,"end":4363.35},{"text":"law","start":4363.35,"end":4363.43},{"text":"formed","start":4363.43,"end":4363.99},{"text":"within","start":4363.99,"end":4364.23},{"text":"the","start":4364.23,"end":4364.35},{"text":"international","start":4364.35,"end":4364.91},{"text":"legal","start":4364.91,"end":4365.11},{"text":"system.","start":4365.11,"end":4365.51}]},{"text":"We also remain concerned that such an approach may blur the distinction between general principles of law and other sources of international law, in particular, customary international law.","start":4366.55,"end":4376.07,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4366.55,"end":4366.59},{"text":"also","start":4366.59,"end":4366.91},{"text":"remain","start":4366.91,"end":4367.15},{"text":"concerned","start":4367.15,"end":4367.71},{"text":"that","start":4367.95,"end":4368.15},{"text":"such","start":4368.15,"end":4368.35},{"text":"an","start":4368.35,"end":4368.43},{"text":"approach","start":4368.43,"end":4368.75},{"text":"may","start":4368.75,"end":4368.91},{"text":"blur","start":4368.91,"end":4369.39},{"text":"the","start":4369.39,"end":4369.55},{"text":"distinction","start":4369.55,"end":4370.03},{"text":"between","start":4370.03,"end":4370.35},{"text":"general","start":4370.35,"end":4370.63},{"text":"principles","start":4370.63,"end":4371.07},{"text":"of","start":4371.07,"end":4371.19},{"text":"law","start":4371.19,"end":4371.51},{"text":"and","start":4371.71,"end":4371.91},{"text":"other","start":4371.91,"end":4372.11},{"text":"sources","start":4372.11,"end":4372.59},{"text":"of","start":4372.59,"end":4372.75},{"text":"international","start":4372.75,"end":4373.59},{"text":"law,","start":4373.59,"end":4373.67},{"text":"in","start":4373.87,"end":4374.03},{"text":"particular,","start":4374.03,"end":4374.75},{"text":"customary","start":4374.91,"end":4375.43},{"text":"international","start":4375.43,"end":4375.99},{"text":"law.","start":4375.99,"end":4376.07}]},{"text":"With respect to Draft Conclusion 11 concerning the relationship of general principles of law to treaties and customary international law, we would like to point out that general principles, although formally equal to the other two sources of international law, have in practice a supplementary role and are resorted to only occasionally or exceptionally.","start":4376.99,"end":4395.47,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"With","start":4376.99,"end":4377.15},{"text":"respect","start":4377.15,"end":4377.43},{"text":"to","start":4377.43,"end":4377.51},{"text":"Draft","start":4377.51,"end":4377.71},{"text":"Conclusion","start":4377.71,"end":4378.11},{"text":"11","start":4378.11,"end":4378.59},{"text":"concerning","start":4378.75,"end":4379.23},{"text":"the","start":4379.23,"end":4379.35},{"text":"relationship","start":4379.35,"end":4379.95},{"text":"of","start":4379.95,"end":4380.03},{"text":"general","start":4380.03,"end":4380.35},{"text":"principles","start":4380.35,"end":4380.83},{"text":"of","start":4380.83,"end":4380.99},{"text":"law","start":4380.99,"end":4381.07},{"text":"to","start":4381.07,"end":4381.15},{"text":"treaties","start":4381.15,"end":4381.83},{"text":"and","start":4381.83,"end":4381.99},{"text":"customary","start":4381.99,"end":4382.43},{"text":"international","start":4382.43,"end":4383.11},{"text":"law,","start":4383.11,"end":4383.19},{"text":"we","start":4383.71,"end":4383.79},{"text":"would","start":4383.79,"end":4383.91},{"text":"like","start":4383.91,"end":4384.07},{"text":"to","start":4384.07,"end":4384.19},{"text":"point","start":4384.19,"end":4384.43},{"text":"out","start":4384.43,"end":4384.75},{"text":"that","start":4384.83,"end":4385.15},{"text":"general","start":4385.15,"end":4385.43},{"text":"principles,","start":4385.43,"end":4386.11},{"text":"although","start":4386.43,"end":4386.75},{"text":"formally","start":4386.75,"end":4387.19},{"text":"equal","start":4387.19,"end":4387.47},{"text":"to","start":4387.47,"end":4387.67},{"text":"the","start":4387.67,"end":4387.75},{"text":"other","start":4387.75,"end":4387.91},{"text":"two","start":4387.91,"end":4388.11},{"text":"sources","start":4388.11,"end":4388.59},{"text":"of","start":4388.71,"end":4388.83},{"text":"international","start":4388.83,"end":4389.55},{"text":"law,","start":4389.55,"end":4389.63},{"text":"have","start":4390.11,"end":4390.31},{"text":"in","start":4390.31,"end":4390.43},{"text":"practice","start":4390.43,"end":4390.95},{"text":"a","start":4390.95,"end":4390.99},{"text":"supplementary","start":4391.07,"end":4391.83},{"text":"role","start":4391.83,"end":4392.19},{"text":"and","start":4392.27,"end":4392.43},{"text":"are","start":4392.43,"end":4392.71},{"text":"resorted","start":4392.71,"end":4393.15},{"text":"to","start":4393.15,"end":4393.55},{"text":"only","start":4393.79,"end":4393.99},{"text":"occasionally","start":4393.99,"end":4394.59},{"text":"or","start":4394.59,"end":4394.83},{"text":"exceptionally.","start":4394.83,"end":4395.47}]},{"text":"This follows from highly general and abstract level of their content, which also means that their primary function is filling possible gaps in international law.","start":4396.19,"end":4404.11,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4396.19,"end":4396.27},{"text":"follows","start":4396.27,"end":4396.55},{"text":"from","start":4396.55,"end":4396.75},{"text":"highly","start":4396.75,"end":4397.03},{"text":"general","start":4397.03,"end":4397.47},{"text":"and","start":4397.47,"end":4397.67},{"text":"abstract","start":4397.67,"end":4398.07},{"text":"level","start":4398.07,"end":4398.39},{"text":"of","start":4398.39,"end":4398.47},{"text":"their","start":4398.47,"end":4398.63},{"text":"content,","start":4398.63,"end":4399.15},{"text":"which","start":4399.39,"end":4399.63},{"text":"also","start":4399.63,"end":4399.95},{"text":"means","start":4399.95,"end":4400.35},{"text":"that","start":4400.43,"end":4400.63},{"text":"their","start":4400.63,"end":4400.79},{"text":"primary","start":4400.79,"end":4401.15},{"text":"function","start":4401.15,"end":4401.63},{"text":"is","start":4401.63,"end":4401.79},{"text":"filling","start":4401.79,"end":4402.03},{"text":"possible","start":4402.03,"end":4402.43},{"text":"gaps","start":4402.43,"end":4402.91},{"text":"in","start":4403.07,"end":4403.23},{"text":"international","start":4403.23,"end":4404.03},{"text":"law.","start":4404.03,"end":4404.11}]},{"text":"The Czech Republic supports the recommendation of the International Law Commission that the General Assembly take note of the draft conclusions and ensure their widest possible dissemination.","start":4404.91,"end":4413.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4404.91,"end":4405.07},{"text":"Czech","start":4405.07,"end":4405.19},{"text":"Republic","start":4405.19,"end":4405.51},{"text":"supports","start":4405.51,"end":4405.99},{"text":"the","start":4405.99,"end":4406.07},{"text":"recommendation","start":4406.07,"end":4406.83},{"text":"of","start":4406.83,"end":4406.99},{"text":"the","start":4406.99,"end":4407.11},{"text":"International","start":4407.11,"end":4407.71},{"text":"Law","start":4407.71,"end":4407.79},{"text":"Commission","start":4407.79,"end":4408.43},{"text":"that","start":4408.51,"end":4408.75},{"text":"the","start":4408.75,"end":4408.83},{"text":"General","start":4408.83,"end":4409.15},{"text":"Assembly","start":4409.15,"end":4409.47},{"text":"take","start":4409.47,"end":4409.71},{"text":"note","start":4409.71,"end":4410.11},{"text":"of","start":4410.27,"end":4410.43},{"text":"the","start":4410.43,"end":4410.51},{"text":"draft","start":4410.51,"end":4410.75},{"text":"conclusions","start":4410.75,"end":4411.47},{"text":"and","start":4411.47,"end":4411.71},{"text":"ensure","start":4411.71,"end":4412.11},{"text":"their","start":4412.11,"end":4412.35},{"text":"widest","start":4412.35,"end":4412.79},{"text":"possible","start":4412.79,"end":4413.19},{"text":"dissemination.","start":4413.19,"end":4413.87}]},{"text":"At the same time, we consider it appropriate to continue the scholarly and intergovernmental discussion on certain aspects of the draft conclusions, in particular with regard to the identification of general principles of law that may be formed within the international legal system and their distinction from other sources of international law.","start":4414.59,"end":4432.23,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":4414.59,"end":4414.63},{"text":"the","start":4414.63,"end":4414.71},{"text":"same","start":4414.71,"end":4414.91},{"text":"time,","start":4414.91,"end":4415.31},{"text":"we","start":4415.39,"end":4415.55},{"text":"consider","start":4415.55,"end":4415.91},{"text":"it","start":4415.91,"end":4416.03},{"text":"appropriate","start":4416.03,"end":4416.79},{"text":"to","start":4416.79,"end":4416.87},{"text":"continue","start":4416.87,"end":4417.39},{"text":"the","start":4417.39,"end":4417.47},{"text":"scholarly","start":4417.47,"end":4418.03},{"text":"and","start":4418.03,"end":4418.35},{"text":"intergovernmental","start":4418.35,"end":4419.07},{"text":"discussion","start":4419.07,"end":4419.63},{"text":"on","start":4419.91,"end":4420.03},{"text":"certain","start":4420.03,"end":4420.43},{"text":"aspects","start":4420.43,"end":4420.91},{"text":"of","start":4420.91,"end":4421.07},{"text":"the","start":4421.07,"end":4421.15},{"text":"draft","start":4421.15,"end":4421.43},{"text":"conclusions,","start":4421.43,"end":4422.19},{"text":"in","start":4422.35,"end":4422.51},{"text":"particular","start":4422.51,"end":4423.15},{"text":"with","start":4423.15,"end":4423.35},{"text":"regard","start":4423.35,"end":4423.67},{"text":"to","start":4423.67,"end":4423.79},{"text":"the","start":4423.79,"end":4423.91},{"text":"identification","start":4423.95,"end":4424.75},{"text":"of","start":4424.75,"end":4424.91},{"text":"general","start":4424.91,"end":4425.19},{"text":"principles","start":4425.19,"end":4425.63},{"text":"of","start":4425.63,"end":4425.79},{"text":"law","start":4425.79,"end":4426.03},{"text":"that","start":4426.43,"end":4426.63},{"text":"may","start":4426.63,"end":4426.75},{"text":"be","start":4426.75,"end":4426.91},{"text":"formed","start":4426.91,"end":4427.39},{"text":"within","start":4427.55,"end":4428.07},{"text":"the","start":4428.07,"end":4428.15},{"text":"international","start":4428.15,"end":4428.71},{"text":"legal","start":4428.71,"end":4428.91},{"text":"system","start":4428.91,"end":4429.39},{"text":"and","start":4429.79,"end":4429.95},{"text":"their","start":4429.95,"end":4430.07},{"text":"distinction","start":4430.07,"end":4430.59},{"text":"from","start":4430.59,"end":4430.83},{"text":"other","start":4430.83,"end":4431.03},{"text":"sources","start":4431.03,"end":4431.43},{"text":"of","start":4431.43,"end":4431.55},{"text":"international","start":4431.55,"end":4432.15},{"text":"law.","start":4432.15,"end":4432.23}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, finally, we would like also to comment briefly on other decisions and conclusions of the Commission.","start":4433.35,"end":4439.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":4433.35,"end":4433.55},{"text":"Chair,","start":4433.55,"end":4433.95},{"text":"finally,","start":4434.19,"end":4434.75},{"text":"we","start":4434.91,"end":4435.07},{"text":"would","start":4435.07,"end":4435.23},{"text":"like","start":4435.23,"end":4435.39},{"text":"also","start":4435.39,"end":4435.95},{"text":"to","start":4435.95,"end":4436.11},{"text":"comment","start":4436.11,"end":4436.39},{"text":"briefly","start":4436.39,"end":4436.75},{"text":"on","start":4436.75,"end":4436.99},{"text":"other","start":4436.99,"end":4437.23},{"text":"decisions","start":4437.23,"end":4437.71},{"text":"and","start":4437.71,"end":4437.87},{"text":"conclusions","start":4437.87,"end":4438.35},{"text":"of","start":4438.35,"end":4438.43},{"text":"the","start":4438.43,"end":4438.55},{"text":"Commission.","start":4438.55,"end":4439.07}]},{"text":"We note with satisfaction that the Commission decided to include the topic \"Identification and legal consequences of obligations erga omnes in international law\" in its programme of work, and congratulate Mr. Masahiko Asada for his appointment as Special Rapporteur.","start":4439.95,"end":4454.59,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Several delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. 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Speakers highlighted the balance between investment protection, economic sovereignty, and sustainable development."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4481.91,"end":4481.99},{"text":"also","start":4481.99,"end":4482.31},{"text":"note","start":4482.31,"end":4482.43},{"text":"with","start":4482.43,"end":4482.59},{"text":"interest","start":4482.59,"end":4483.03},{"text":"the","start":4483.03,"end":4483.15},{"text":"inclusion","start":4483.15,"end":4483.51},{"text":"of","start":4483.51,"end":4483.59},{"text":"the","start":4483.59,"end":4483.67},{"text":"topic","start":4483.67,"end":4483.99},{"text":"\"The","start":4483.99,"end":4484.15},{"text":"right","start":4484.15,"end":4484.43},{"text":"to","start":4484.43,"end":4484.51},{"text":"regulate\"","start":4484.51,"end":4484.95},{"text":"in","start":4484.95,"end":4485.11},{"text":"international","start":4485.11,"end":4485.71},{"text":"investment","start":4485.71,"end":4486.27},{"text":"law","start":4486.27,"end":4486.55},{"text":"in","start":4486.63,"end":4486.79},{"text":"the","start":4486.79,"end":4486.91},{"text":"Commission's","start":4486.91,"end":4487.39},{"text":"long-term","start":4487.39,"end":4487.67},{"text":"programme","start":4487.67,"end":4487.99},{"text":"of","start":4487.99,"end":4488.11},{"text":"work.","start":4488.11,"end":4488.47}]},{"text":"The inclusion of this topic reflects the dynamic evolution of the law and practice in international investment law and possible imbalances caused by these developments.","start":4489.27,"end":4497.59,"topics":[{"key":"investment-regulatory-rights","label":"Right to Regulate in International Investment Law","description":"Delegations supported examining States’ right to regulate under international investment law to clarify legal uncertainties. 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note that suggested scope of questions and issues the Commission might address is rather extensive and could be further specified if the Commission decides to include these topics in its programme of 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you, Madam Chair.","start":4521.71,"end":4522.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4521.71,"end":4521.91},{"text":"you,","start":4521.91,"end":4521.99},{"text":"Madam","start":4521.99,"end":4522.19},{"text":"Chair.","start":4522.19,"end":4522.43}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"CZE","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Czechia"}},{"statement_number":19,"start":4524.87,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/81/31?lang=en&t=1:15:25","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Czechia for his statement.","start":4524.87,"end":4528.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4524.87,"end":4524.88},{"text":"thank","start":4524.87,"end":4525.19},{"text":"the","start":4525.19,"end":4525.27},{"text":"distinguished","start":4525.27,"end":4525.83},{"text":"representative","start":4525.83,"end":4526.55},{"text":"of","start":4526.59,"end":4526.71},{"text":"Czechia","start":4526.71,"end":4527.19},{"text":"for","start":4527.19,"end":4527.39},{"text":"his","start":4527.39,"end":4527.59},{"text":"statement.","start":4527.59,"end":4528.47}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Bangladesh.","start":4528.71,"end":4532.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4528.71,"end":4528.79},{"text":"now","start":4528.79,"end":4529.03},{"text":"give","start":4529.03,"end":4529.27},{"text":"the","start":4529.27,"end":4529.39},{"text":"floor","start":4529.39,"end":4529.63},{"text":"to","start":4529.63,"end":4529.75},{"text":"the","start":4529.75,"end":4529.83},{"text":"distinguished","start":4529.83,"end":4530.43},{"text":"representative","start":4530.43,"end":4531.11},{"text":"of","start":4531.11,"end":4531.27},{"text":"Bangladesh.","start":4531.27,"end":4532.07}]},{"text":"You have the floor, sir.","start":4532.71,"end":4533.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":4532.71,"end":4532.79},{"text":"have","start":4532.79,"end":4532.99},{"text":"the","start":4532.99,"end":4533.07},{"text":"floor,","start":4533.11,"end":4533.35},{"text":"sir.","start":4533.35,"end":4533.55}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"6th Committee","group":null,"function":"Chair","affiliation_full":"6th Committee"}},{"statement_number":20,"start":4535.87,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/81/31?lang=en&t=1:15:36","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Thank you, madam Chair.","start":4535.87,"end":4538.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.","start":4535.87,"end":4537.03},{"text":"Thank","start":4537.91,"end":4538.11},{"text":"you,","start":4538.11,"end":4538.19},{"text":"madam","start":4538.19,"end":4538.47},{"text":"Chair.","start":4538.47,"end":4538.71}]},{"text":"We thank the Chair of the International Law Commission, Mr. Andreas Mavroyiannis, for introducing the report, and every member of the Commission for a year of rare achievement.","start":4539.43,"end":4550.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4539.43,"end":4539.59},{"text":"thank","start":4539.59,"end":4539.79},{"text":"the","start":4539.79,"end":4539.87},{"text":"Chair","start":4539.87,"end":4540.15},{"text":"of","start":4540.15,"end":4540.23},{"text":"the","start":4540.23,"end":4540.35},{"text":"International","start":4540.35,"end":4540.83},{"text":"Law","start":4540.83,"end":4540.95},{"text":"Commission,","start":4540.95,"end":4541.51},{"text":"Mr.","start":4541.95,"end":4542.27},{"text":"Andreas","start":4542.27,"end":4542.95},{"text":"Mavroyiannis,","start":4543.67,"end":4544.55},{"text":"for","start":4544.55,"end":4545.03},{"text":"introducing","start":4545.11,"end":4545.75},{"text":"the","start":4545.75,"end":4545.83},{"text":"report,","start":4545.83,"end":4546.31},{"text":"and","start":4546.75,"end":4546.95},{"text":"every","start":4546.95,"end":4547.23},{"text":"member","start":4547.23,"end":4547.59},{"text":"of","start":4547.59,"end":4547.67},{"text":"the","start":4547.67,"end":4547.79},{"text":"Commission","start":4547.79,"end":4548.31},{"text":"for","start":4548.63,"end":4548.87},{"text":"a","start":4548.87,"end":4548.91},{"text":"year","start":4548.91,"end":4549.27},{"text":"of","start":4549.35,"end":4549.51},{"text":"rare","start":4549.51,"end":4549.87},{"text":"achievement.","start":4549.87,"end":4550.47}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, I begin with sea level rise.","start":4551.11,"end":4553.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":4551.11,"end":4551.47},{"text":"Chair,","start":4551.47,"end":4551.83},{"text":"I","start":4551.83,"end":4551.91},{"text":"begin","start":4551.91,"end":4552.23},{"text":"with","start":4552.23,"end":4552.35},{"text":"sea","start":4552.35,"end":4552.55},{"text":"level","start":4552.55,"end":4552.87},{"text":"rise.","start":4552.87,"end":4553.27}]},{"text":"Because for Bangladesh, it is not an abstract topic.","start":4553.75,"end":4556.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Because","start":4553.75,"end":4553.99},{"text":"for","start":4553.99,"end":4554.11},{"text":"Bangladesh,","start":4554.11,"end":4554.71},{"text":"it","start":4555.11,"end":4555.27},{"text":"is","start":4555.27,"end":4555.43},{"text":"not","start":4555.43,"end":4555.59},{"text":"an","start":4555.59,"end":4555.67},{"text":"abstract","start":4555.67,"end":4556.07},{"text":"topic.","start":4556.07,"end":4556.39}]},{"text":"The debate on sea level rise has rightly been led by small island states, but the final report of the study group also speaks of low-lying coastal states, and Bangladesh is one of them.","start":4557.11,"end":4569.11,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. 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They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4610.51,"end":4610.59},{"text":"support","start":4610.59,"end":4610.95},{"text":"the","start":4610.95,"end":4611.07},{"text":"Study","start":4611.07,"end":4611.35},{"text":"Group's","start":4611.35,"end":4611.67},{"text":"conclusion","start":4611.67,"end":4612.19},{"text":"that,","start":4612.19,"end":4612.43},{"text":"once","start":4612.91,"end":4613.43},{"text":"States","start":4613.43,"end":4613.79},{"text":"have","start":4613.79,"end":4613.95},{"text":"duly","start":4613.95,"end":4614.27},{"text":"deposited","start":4614.27,"end":4614.83},{"text":"their","start":4614.83,"end":4615.03},{"text":"baselines","start":4615.03,"end":4615.71},{"text":"and","start":4616.67,"end":4617.03},{"text":"the","start":4617.03,"end":4617.19},{"text":"outer","start":4617.23,"end":4617.47},{"text":"limits","start":4617.47,"end":4617.87},{"text":"of","start":4617.87,"end":4618.03},{"text":"their","start":4618.03,"end":4618.27},{"text":"maritime","start":4618.27,"end":4618.67},{"text":"zones,","start":4618.67,"end":4619.23},{"text":"they","start":4619.55,"end":4619.75},{"text":"are","start":4619.75,"end":4619.83},{"text":"under","start":4619.83,"end":4620.03},{"text":"no","start":4620.03,"end":4620.19},{"text":"obligation","start":4620.19,"end":4620.83},{"text":"to","start":4620.83,"end":4620.91},{"text":"update","start":4620.91,"end":4621.27},{"text":"the","start":4621.27,"end":4621.39},{"text":"same","start":4621.39,"end":4621.79},{"text":"as","start":4623.87,"end":4624.11},{"text":"the","start":4624.11,"end":4624.19},{"text":"sea","start":4624.19,"end":4624.59},{"text":"rises.","start":4624.59,"end":4625.07}]},{"text":"The International Court of Justice reached the same view last year in its advisory opinion on climate change.","start":4625.79,"end":4632.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4625.79,"end":4625.91},{"text":"International","start":4625.91,"end":4626.47},{"text":"Court","start":4626.47,"end":4626.67},{"text":"of","start":4626.67,"end":4626.75},{"text":"Justice","start":4626.75,"end":4627.39},{"text":"reached","start":4627.63,"end":4627.99},{"text":"the","start":4627.99,"end":4628.11},{"text":"same","start":4628.11,"end":4628.59},{"text":"view","start":4628.59,"end":4628.91},{"text":"last","start":4628.91,"end":4629.23},{"text":"year","start":4629.23,"end":4629.47},{"text":"in","start":4629.79,"end":4629.95},{"text":"its","start":4629.95,"end":4630.11},{"text":"advisory","start":4630.11,"end":4630.63},{"text":"opinion","start":4630.63,"end":4631.07},{"text":"on","start":4631.07,"end":4631.23},{"text":"climate","start":4631.23,"end":4631.59},{"text":"change.","start":4631.59,"end":4632.03}]},{"text":"The part of the Study Group's work that most concerns Bangladesh is the protection of persons the protection of persons.","start":4633.07,"end":4639.99,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4633.07,"end":4633.19},{"text":"part","start":4633.19,"end":4633.47},{"text":"of","start":4633.47,"end":4633.55},{"text":"the","start":4633.55,"end":4633.67},{"text":"Study","start":4633.67,"end":4633.95},{"text":"Group's","start":4633.95,"end":4634.31},{"text":"work","start":4634.31,"end":4634.63},{"text":"that","start":4634.67,"end":4634.91},{"text":"most","start":4634.91,"end":4635.23},{"text":"concerns","start":4635.23,"end":4635.67},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":4635.67,"end":4636.27},{"text":"is","start":4636.67,"end":4636.79},{"text":"the","start":4636.79,"end":4636.91},{"text":"protection","start":4636.91,"end":4637.39},{"text":"of","start":4637.39,"end":4637.47},{"text":"persons","start":4637.47,"end":4638.19},{"text":"the","start":4638.63,"end":4638.71},{"text":"protection","start":4639.03,"end":4639.47},{"text":"of","start":4639.47,"end":4639.59},{"text":"persons.","start":4639.59,"end":4639.99}]},{"text":"The study group found that there is no dedicated legal framework and that solutions are needed for those who remain in situ and those who are internally or externally displaced.","start":4639.99,"end":4651.43,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4639.99,"end":4640.07},{"text":"study","start":4640.07,"end":4640.39},{"text":"group","start":4640.39,"end":4640.63},{"text":"found","start":4640.63,"end":4641.11},{"text":"that","start":4641.51,"end":4641.75},{"text":"there","start":4641.75,"end":4641.87},{"text":"is","start":4641.87,"end":4642.07},{"text":"no","start":4642.07,"end":4642.39},{"text":"dedicated","start":4642.47,"end":4643.11},{"text":"legal","start":4643.19,"end":4643.59},{"text":"framework","start":4643.59,"end":4644.15},{"text":"and","start":4644.55,"end":4644.75},{"text":"that","start":4644.75,"end":4644.91},{"text":"solutions","start":4644.91,"end":4645.51},{"text":"are","start":4645.51,"end":4645.59},{"text":"needed","start":4645.59,"end":4645.95},{"text":"for","start":4645.95,"end":4646.15},{"text":"those","start":4646.15,"end":4646.55},{"text":"who","start":4646.79,"end":4646.95},{"text":"remain","start":4646.95,"end":4647.43},{"text":"in","start":4647.43,"end":4647.59},{"text":"situ","start":4647.59,"end":4648.23},{"text":"and","start":4648.55,"end":4648.75},{"text":"those","start":4648.75,"end":4649.11},{"text":"who","start":4649.11,"end":4649.19},{"text":"are","start":4649.19,"end":4649.35},{"text":"internally","start":4649.35,"end":4650.07},{"text":"or","start":4650.07,"end":4650.15},{"text":"externally","start":4650.15,"end":4650.71},{"text":"displaced.","start":4650.71,"end":4651.43}]},{"text":"For a country like ours, those affected will not cross a border.","start":4652.47,"end":4655.75,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":4652.47,"end":4652.67},{"text":"a","start":4652.67,"end":4652.71},{"text":"country","start":4652.71,"end":4653.03},{"text":"like","start":4653.03,"end":4653.23},{"text":"ours,","start":4653.23,"end":4653.75},{"text":"those","start":4653.83,"end":4654.15},{"text":"affected","start":4654.15,"end":4654.55},{"text":"will","start":4654.55,"end":4654.71},{"text":"not","start":4654.71,"end":4654.95},{"text":"cross","start":4654.95,"end":4655.27},{"text":"a","start":4655.27,"end":4655.31},{"text":"border.","start":4655.31,"end":4655.75}]},{"text":"They will move within it.","start":4656.39,"end":4657.75,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":4656.39,"end":4656.63},{"text":"will","start":4656.63,"end":4656.87},{"text":"move","start":4656.87,"end":4657.11},{"text":"within","start":4657.11,"end":4657.43},{"text":"it.","start":4657.43,"end":4657.75}]},{"text":"The declaration speaks of mobility with dignity.","start":4658.23,"end":4660.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4658.23,"end":4658.43},{"text":"declaration","start":4658.43,"end":4659.03},{"text":"speaks","start":4659.03,"end":4659.43},{"text":"of","start":4659.43,"end":4659.59},{"text":"mobility","start":4659.59,"end":4660.11},{"text":"with","start":4660.11,"end":4660.27},{"text":"dignity.","start":4660.27,"end":4660.87}]},{"text":"We ask that the protection of persons, including the internally displaced, now receive the same legal attention that the Commission and this Assembly have given to maritime zones and statehood.","start":4661.67,"end":4674.07,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4661.67,"end":4661.91},{"text":"ask","start":4661.91,"end":4662.27},{"text":"that","start":4662.27,"end":4662.63},{"text":"the","start":4662.87,"end":4663.03},{"text":"protection","start":4663.03,"end":4663.55},{"text":"of","start":4663.55,"end":4663.67},{"text":"persons,","start":4663.67,"end":4664.31},{"text":"including","start":4664.55,"end":4665.19},{"text":"the","start":4665.19,"end":4665.31},{"text":"internally","start":4665.31,"end":4665.95},{"text":"displaced,","start":4665.95,"end":4666.71},{"text":"now","start":4666.95,"end":4667.27},{"text":"receive","start":4667.27,"end":4667.67},{"text":"the","start":4667.67,"end":4667.79},{"text":"same","start":4667.79,"end":4668.15},{"text":"legal","start":4668.15,"end":4668.47},{"text":"attention","start":4668.47,"end":4669.03},{"text":"that","start":4669.35,"end":4669.51},{"text":"the","start":4669.51,"end":4669.59},{"text":"Commission","start":4669.59,"end":4670.15},{"text":"and","start":4670.15,"end":4670.27},{"text":"this","start":4670.27,"end":4670.43},{"text":"Assembly","start":4670.43,"end":4671.03},{"text":"have","start":4671.27,"end":4671.59},{"text":"given","start":4671.59,"end":4671.91},{"text":"to","start":4671.91,"end":4672.03},{"text":"maritime","start":4672.03,"end":4672.47},{"text":"zones","start":4672.47,"end":4672.95},{"text":"and","start":4673.27,"end":4673.47},{"text":"statehood.","start":4673.47,"end":4674.07}]},{"text":"The law is not starting from nothing.","start":4675.35,"end":4677.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4675.35,"end":4675.51},{"text":"law","start":4675.51,"end":4675.67},{"text":"is","start":4675.75,"end":4675.91},{"text":"not","start":4675.91,"end":4676.23},{"text":"starting","start":4676.23,"end":4676.63},{"text":"from","start":4676.63,"end":4676.83},{"text":"nothing.","start":4676.83,"end":4677.27}]},{"text":"The guiding principles of internal displacement and the African Union's Kampala Convention already addresses persons displaced by disasters, including those linked to climate change.","start":4677.67,"end":4690.71,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4677.67,"end":4677.83},{"text":"guiding","start":4677.83,"end":4678.19},{"text":"principles","start":4678.19,"end":4678.71},{"text":"of","start":4678.71,"end":4678.79},{"text":"internal","start":4678.79,"end":4679.23},{"text":"displacement","start":4679.23,"end":4679.99},{"text":"and","start":4680.47,"end":4680.67},{"text":"the","start":4680.67,"end":4680.75},{"text":"African","start":4680.79,"end":4681.27},{"text":"Union's","start":4681.27,"end":4681.83},{"text":"Kampala","start":4681.83,"end":4682.23},{"text":"Convention","start":4682.23,"end":4682.87},{"text":"already","start":4683.19,"end":4683.59},{"text":"addresses","start":4683.59,"end":4684.39},{"text":"persons","start":4684.95,"end":4685.67},{"text":"displaced","start":4685.99,"end":4686.59},{"text":"by","start":4686.59,"end":4686.71},{"text":"disasters,","start":4686.71,"end":4687.51},{"text":"including","start":4687.83,"end":4688.47},{"text":"those","start":4688.47,"end":4688.95},{"text":"linked","start":4689.11,"end":4689.63},{"text":"to","start":4689.63,"end":4689.75},{"text":"climate","start":4689.75,"end":4690.15},{"text":"change.","start":4690.15,"end":4690.71}]},{"text":"In January, the Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters will open.","start":4691.27,"end":4699.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4691.27,"end":4691.35},{"text":"January,","start":4691.35,"end":4692.07},{"text":"the","start":4692.47,"end":4692.63},{"text":"Conference","start":4692.63,"end":4693.27},{"text":"of","start":4693.27,"end":4693.51},{"text":"Plenipotentiaries","start":4693.83,"end":4694.95},{"text":"on","start":4695.43,"end":4695.59},{"text":"the","start":4695.59,"end":4695.67},{"text":"Protection","start":4695.67,"end":4696.15},{"text":"of","start":4696.15,"end":4696.31},{"text":"Persons","start":4696.31,"end":4696.95},{"text":"in","start":4697.11,"end":4697.27},{"text":"the","start":4697.27,"end":4697.39},{"text":"Event","start":4697.47,"end":4697.75},{"text":"of","start":4697.75,"end":4697.83},{"text":"Disasters","start":4697.83,"end":4698.43},{"text":"will","start":4698.43,"end":4698.63},{"text":"open.","start":4698.63,"end":4699.03}]},{"text":"As we were reminded that the work reaches slow-onset disasters, Bangladesh will seek to ensure that the new convention clearly covers them, so that people displaced by the rising sea do not fall between two regimes.","start":4699.67,"end":4714.63,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":4699.67,"end":4699.99},{"text":"we","start":4699.99,"end":4700.15},{"text":"were","start":4700.15,"end":4700.27},{"text":"reminded","start":4700.27,"end":4700.95},{"text":"that","start":4701.35,"end":4701.51},{"text":"the","start":4701.51,"end":4701.63},{"text":"work","start":4701.63,"end":4701.99},{"text":"reaches","start":4701.99,"end":4702.39},{"text":"slow-onset","start":4702.39,"end":4703.35},{"text":"disasters,","start":4703.35,"end":4704.15},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":4704.63,"end":4705.23},{"text":"will","start":4705.23,"end":4705.43},{"text":"seek","start":4705.43,"end":4705.83},{"text":"to","start":4706.07,"end":4706.27},{"text":"ensure","start":4706.27,"end":4706.63},{"text":"that","start":4706.63,"end":4707.03},{"text":"the","start":4707.27,"end":4707.39},{"text":"new","start":4707.39,"end":4707.59},{"text":"convention","start":4707.59,"end":4708.15},{"text":"clearly","start":4708.15,"end":4708.63},{"text":"covers","start":4708.63,"end":4708.99},{"text":"them,","start":4708.99,"end":4709.19},{"text":"so","start":4709.75,"end":4710.07},{"text":"that","start":4710.07,"end":4710.31},{"text":"people","start":4710.31,"end":4710.75},{"text":"displaced","start":4710.75,"end":4711.39},{"text":"by","start":4711.39,"end":4711.51},{"text":"the","start":4711.51,"end":4711.63},{"text":"rising","start":4711.63,"end":4712.07},{"text":"sea","start":4712.07,"end":4712.55},{"text":"do","start":4712.79,"end":4712.95},{"text":"not","start":4712.95,"end":4713.19},{"text":"fall","start":4713.19,"end":4713.51},{"text":"between","start":4713.51,"end":4713.83},{"text":"two","start":4713.83,"end":4713.99},{"text":"regimes.","start":4713.99,"end":4714.63}]},{"text":"Bangladesh, as a low-lying coastal state, stands ready to work with the small island developing States as they take the protection of persons forward next year.","start":4715.03,"end":4724.99,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh,","start":4715.03,"end":4715.55},{"text":"as","start":4715.55,"end":4715.67},{"text":"a","start":4715.67,"end":4715.71},{"text":"low-lying","start":4715.71,"end":4716.23},{"text":"coastal","start":4716.23,"end":4716.71},{"text":"state,","start":4716.71,"end":4717.03},{"text":"stands","start":4717.43,"end":4717.83},{"text":"ready","start":4717.83,"end":4718.15},{"text":"to","start":4718.15,"end":4718.31},{"text":"work","start":4718.31,"end":4718.71},{"text":"with","start":4718.71,"end":4718.91},{"text":"the","start":4718.91,"end":4719.03},{"text":"small","start":4719.03,"end":4719.35},{"text":"island","start":4719.35,"end":4719.75},{"text":"developing","start":4720.83,"end":4721.23},{"text":"States","start":4721.23,"end":4721.67},{"text":"as","start":4721.75,"end":4721.99},{"text":"they","start":4721.99,"end":4722.11},{"text":"take","start":4722.11,"end":4722.39},{"text":"the","start":4722.39,"end":4722.51},{"text":"protection","start":4722.51,"end":4722.99},{"text":"of","start":4722.99,"end":4723.11},{"text":"persons","start":4723.11,"end":4723.75},{"text":"forward","start":4723.99,"end":4724.47},{"text":"next","start":4724.47,"end":4724.79},{"text":"year.","start":4724.79,"end":4724.99}]},{"text":"And we support keeping sea level rise on the agenda of this Committee.","start":4725.75,"end":4729.59,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise and International Law","description":"Delegations examined the legal implications of sea-level rise for maritime boundaries, continued statehood, and the protection of affected populations, including displaced persons. They discussed international cooperation, the stability of existing maritime zones, and gaps in legal protection."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4725.75,"end":4725.99},{"text":"we","start":4725.99,"end":4726.07},{"text":"support","start":4726.07,"end":4726.55},{"text":"keeping","start":4726.55,"end":4726.99},{"text":"sea","start":4726.99,"end":4727.27},{"text":"level","start":4727.27,"end":4727.51},{"text":"rise","start":4727.51,"end":4727.99},{"text":"on","start":4728.11,"end":4728.23},{"text":"the","start":4728.23,"end":4728.35},{"text":"agenda","start":4728.35,"end":4728.83},{"text":"of","start":4728.83,"end":4728.95},{"text":"this","start":4728.95,"end":4729.11},{"text":"Committee.","start":4729.11,"end":4729.59}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, the next issue I draw your attention to is the immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction.","start":4730.79,"end":4736.63,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":4730.79,"end":4731.11},{"text":"Chair,","start":4731.11,"end":4731.43},{"text":"the","start":4731.43,"end":4731.59},{"text":"next","start":4731.59,"end":4731.91},{"text":"issue","start":4731.91,"end":4732.11},{"text":"I","start":4732.11,"end":4732.15},{"text":"draw","start":4732.15,"end":4732.31},{"text":"your","start":4732.31,"end":4732.51},{"text":"attention","start":4732.51,"end":4732.91},{"text":"to","start":4732.91,"end":4733.03},{"text":"is","start":4733.03,"end":4733.23},{"text":"the","start":4733.23,"end":4733.31},{"text":"immunity","start":4733.31,"end":4733.71},{"text":"of","start":4733.71,"end":4733.83},{"text":"State","start":4733.83,"end":4734.11},{"text":"officials","start":4734.11,"end":4734.71},{"text":"from","start":4735.03,"end":4735.31},{"text":"foreign","start":4735.31,"end":4735.63},{"text":"criminal","start":4735.63,"end":4735.99},{"text":"jurisdiction.","start":4735.99,"end":4736.63}]},{"text":"We congratulate the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Claudio Grassmann Gieff, and his predecessors, on the completion of 17 draft articles on second reading.","start":4737.51,"end":4748.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4737.51,"end":4737.67},{"text":"congratulate","start":4737.67,"end":4738.31},{"text":"the","start":4738.31,"end":4738.47},{"text":"Special","start":4738.47,"end":4738.87},{"text":"Rapporteur,","start":4738.87,"end":4739.27},{"text":"Mr.","start":4739.27,"end":4739.59},{"text":"Claudio","start":4739.59,"end":4740.15},{"text":"Grassmann","start":4740.55,"end":4741.27},{"text":"Gieff,","start":4741.91,"end":4742.23},{"text":"and","start":4743.27,"end":4743.59},{"text":"his","start":4743.59,"end":4743.83},{"text":"predecessors,","start":4743.83,"end":4744.55},{"text":"on","start":4744.55,"end":4744.71},{"text":"the","start":4744.71,"end":4744.79},{"text":"completion","start":4744.79,"end":4745.43},{"text":"of","start":4745.43,"end":4745.75},{"text":"17","start":4745.75,"end":4746.35},{"text":"draft","start":4746.35,"end":4746.71},{"text":"articles","start":4746.71,"end":4747.27},{"text":"on","start":4747.43,"end":4747.59},{"text":"second","start":4747.59,"end":4747.99},{"text":"reading.","start":4747.99,"end":4748.39}]},{"text":"Bangladesh knows from its own history that crimes against humanity are almost often committed by those who hold the power of the state.","start":4748.99,"end":4757.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":4748.99,"end":4749.55},{"text":"knows","start":4749.55,"end":4749.83},{"text":"from","start":4749.83,"end":4749.99},{"text":"its","start":4749.99,"end":4750.19},{"text":"own","start":4750.19,"end":4750.35},{"text":"history","start":4750.35,"end":4750.91},{"text":"that","start":4751.55,"end":4751.75},{"text":"crimes","start":4751.75,"end":4752.15},{"text":"against","start":4752.15,"end":4752.43},{"text":"humanity","start":4752.43,"end":4753.07},{"text":"are","start":4753.07,"end":4753.31},{"text":"almost","start":4753.31,"end":4753.87},{"text":"often","start":4753.87,"end":4754.43},{"text":"committed","start":4754.83,"end":4755.31},{"text":"by","start":4755.31,"end":4755.47},{"text":"those","start":4755.47,"end":4755.87},{"text":"who","start":4755.87,"end":4755.95},{"text":"hold","start":4755.95,"end":4756.27},{"text":"the","start":4756.27,"end":4756.35},{"text":"power","start":4756.35,"end":4756.75},{"text":"of","start":4756.75,"end":4756.83},{"text":"the","start":4756.83,"end":4756.99},{"text":"state.","start":4756.99,"end":4757.31}]},{"text":"Immunity must never become their shield.","start":4758.03,"end":4760.51,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. Views differed on their grounding in customary law and their suitability as the basis for a future convention."}],"words":[{"text":"Immunity","start":4758.03,"end":4758.59},{"text":"must","start":4758.59,"end":4759.07},{"text":"never","start":4759.07,"end":4759.47},{"text":"become","start":4759.47,"end":4759.79},{"text":"their","start":4759.79,"end":4759.99},{"text":"shield.","start":4759.99,"end":4760.51}]},{"text":"We therefore support the principle of draft article 6, that immunity ratione materiae shall not apply to most serious crimes under international law.","start":4760.91,"end":4772.31,"topics":[{"key":"state-official-immunity","label":"Immunity of State Officials","description":"Delegations debated draft articles on immunity from foreign criminal jurisdiction, particularly exceptions for serious international crimes and procedural safeguards against politically motivated prosecutions. 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They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":4832.19,"end":4832.43},{"text":"Chair,","start":4832.43,"end":4832.83},{"text":"then","start":4833.39,"end":4833.63},{"text":"we","start":4833.63,"end":4833.75},{"text":"need","start":4833.75,"end":4833.91},{"text":"to","start":4833.91,"end":4834.07},{"text":"focus","start":4834.07,"end":4834.43},{"text":"on","start":4834.43,"end":4834.51},{"text":"general","start":4834.51,"end":4834.79},{"text":"principles","start":4834.79,"end":4835.31},{"text":"of","start":4835.31,"end":4835.47},{"text":"law.","start":4835.47,"end":4835.79}]},{"text":"Bangladesh warmly congratulates the Special Rapporteur, Mr. Marcelo Vasquez Bermudez.","start":4836.11,"end":4841.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":4836.11,"end":4836.75},{"text":"warmly","start":4836.75,"end":4837.23},{"text":"congratulates","start":4837.23,"end":4837.87},{"text":"the","start":4837.87,"end":4837.99},{"text":"Special","start":4837.99,"end":4838.35},{"text":"Rapporteur,","start":4838.35,"end":4838.91},{"text":"Mr.","start":4839.31,"end":4839.59},{"text":"Marcelo","start":4839.59,"end":4840.27},{"text":"Vasquez","start":4840.59,"end":4841.15},{"text":"Bermudez.","start":4841.15,"end":4841.79}]},{"text":"When the Article 38 of the Statute was drafted in 1920, Lord Filmore, one of its drafters, gave as examples of general principles.","start":4842.55,"end":4853.95,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. 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They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"He","start":4854.91,"end":4855.07},{"text":"talked","start":4855.07,"end":4855.39},{"text":"about","start":4855.39,"end":4855.63},{"text":"certain","start":4855.63,"end":4855.99},{"text":"principles","start":4855.99,"end":4856.47},{"text":"of","start":4856.47,"end":4856.55},{"text":"procedure,","start":4856.55,"end":4857.23},{"text":"the","start":4857.63,"end":4857.79},{"text":"principle","start":4857.79,"end":4858.51},{"text":"of","start":4858.59,"end":4858.91},{"text":"good","start":4858.91,"end":4859.07},{"text":"faith,","start":4859.07,"end":4859.43},{"text":"and","start":4859.47,"end":4859.63},{"text":"the","start":4859.63,"end":4859.71},{"text":"principles","start":4859.71,"end":4860.31},{"text":"of","start":4860.31,"end":4860.39},{"text":"res","start":4860.39,"end":4860.59},{"text":"judicata.","start":4860.59,"end":4861.23}]},{"text":"The examples have not changed, but the community of nations has.","start":4862.03,"end":4865.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4862.03,"end":4862.07},{"text":"examples","start":4862.07,"end":4862.83},{"text":"have","start":4862.83,"end":4863.15},{"text":"not","start":4863.15,"end":4863.39},{"text":"changed,","start":4863.39,"end":4863.87},{"text":"but","start":4864.27,"end":4864.39},{"text":"the","start":4864.39,"end":4864.51},{"text":"community","start":4864.51,"end":4864.99},{"text":"of","start":4864.99,"end":4865.07},{"text":"nations","start":4865.07,"end":4865.55},{"text":"has.","start":4865.55,"end":4865.95}]},{"text":"Today, a principle can be called general only if it is found across legal systems of the world community of nations, including systems like ours.","start":4866.67,"end":4877.07,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Today,","start":4866.67,"end":4867.11},{"text":"a","start":4867.11,"end":4867.15},{"text":"principle","start":4867.15,"end":4867.63},{"text":"can","start":4867.63,"end":4867.79},{"text":"be","start":4867.79,"end":4867.95},{"text":"called","start":4867.95,"end":4868.19},{"text":"general","start":4868.19,"end":4868.67},{"text":"only","start":4868.99,"end":4869.35},{"text":"if","start":4869.35,"end":4869.51},{"text":"it","start":4869.51,"end":4869.63},{"text":"is","start":4869.63,"end":4869.87},{"text":"found","start":4870.03,"end":4870.51},{"text":"across","start":4870.51,"end":4871.15},{"text":"legal","start":4871.47,"end":4871.83},{"text":"systems","start":4871.83,"end":4872.27},{"text":"of","start":4872.27,"end":4872.39},{"text":"the","start":4872.39,"end":4872.51},{"text":"world","start":4872.51,"end":4872.91},{"text":"community","start":4873.31,"end":4874.03},{"text":"of","start":4874.03,"end":4874.27},{"text":"nations,","start":4874.27,"end":4874.83},{"text":"including","start":4875.47,"end":4875.95},{"text":"systems","start":4875.95,"end":4876.39},{"text":"like","start":4876.39,"end":4876.59},{"text":"ours.","start":4876.59,"end":4877.07}]},{"text":"Draft Conclusion 5 requires that comparative analysis of national legal systems be wide and representative, including the different regions of the world.","start":4877.47,"end":4887.23,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"Draft","start":4877.47,"end":4877.71},{"text":"Conclusion","start":4877.71,"end":4878.27},{"text":"5","start":4878.27,"end":4878.75},{"text":"requires","start":4879.15,"end":4879.75},{"text":"that","start":4879.75,"end":4879.95},{"text":"comparative","start":4879.95,"end":4880.67},{"text":"analysis","start":4880.67,"end":4881.23},{"text":"of","start":4881.23,"end":4881.39},{"text":"national","start":4881.39,"end":4881.83},{"text":"legal","start":4881.83,"end":4882.11},{"text":"systems","start":4882.11,"end":4882.75},{"text":"be","start":4883.07,"end":4883.23},{"text":"wide","start":4883.23,"end":4883.63},{"text":"and","start":4883.63,"end":4883.79},{"text":"representative,","start":4883.79,"end":4884.59},{"text":"including","start":4884.91,"end":4885.63},{"text":"the","start":4885.63,"end":4885.75},{"text":"different","start":4885.75,"end":4886.23},{"text":"regions","start":4886.23,"end":4886.63},{"text":"of","start":4886.63,"end":4886.71},{"text":"the","start":4886.71,"end":4886.83},{"text":"world.","start":4886.83,"end":4887.23}]},{"text":"Bangladesh’s own legal order draws on the common law, on religious personal laws and on long traditions of community mediation known in our villages as shalish.","start":4887.79,"end":4899.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh’s","start":4887.79,"end":4888.67},{"text":"own","start":4888.67,"end":4889.07},{"text":"legal","start":4889.07,"end":4889.55},{"text":"order","start":4889.55,"end":4890.03},{"text":"draws","start":4890.35,"end":4890.67},{"text":"on","start":4890.67,"end":4890.75},{"text":"the","start":4890.75,"end":4890.91},{"text":"common","start":4890.91,"end":4891.23},{"text":"law,","start":4891.23,"end":4891.55},{"text":"on","start":4891.99,"end":4892.19},{"text":"religious","start":4892.19,"end":4892.67},{"text":"personal","start":4892.67,"end":4893.23},{"text":"laws","start":4893.23,"end":4893.55},{"text":"and","start":4893.87,"end":4894.27},{"text":"on","start":4894.27,"end":4894.51},{"text":"long","start":4894.51,"end":4894.79},{"text":"traditions","start":4894.79,"end":4895.39},{"text":"of","start":4895.39,"end":4895.55},{"text":"community","start":4895.55,"end":4895.99},{"text":"mediation","start":4895.99,"end":4896.67},{"text":"known","start":4897.07,"end":4897.55},{"text":"in","start":4897.55,"end":4897.87},{"text":"our","start":4897.87,"end":4898.03},{"text":"villages","start":4898.03,"end":4898.67},{"text":"as","start":4898.83,"end":4899.15},{"text":"shalish.","start":4899.15,"end":4899.71}]},{"text":"Systems like ours are rich in principle but poor in translation.","start":4900.35,"end":4904.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Systems","start":4900.35,"end":4900.91},{"text":"like","start":4900.91,"end":4901.15},{"text":"ours","start":4901.15,"end":4901.63},{"text":"are","start":4901.71,"end":4901.91},{"text":"rich","start":4901.91,"end":4902.03},{"text":"in","start":4902.03,"end":4902.19},{"text":"principle","start":4902.19,"end":4902.83},{"text":"but","start":4903.15,"end":4903.39},{"text":"poor","start":4903.39,"end":4903.63},{"text":"in","start":4903.63,"end":4903.75},{"text":"translation.","start":4903.75,"end":4904.43}]},{"text":"We encourage the Secretariat and the Commission to make the materials of such systems more accessible so that the analysis is representative in fact and not only in form.","start":4905.23,"end":4916.59,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4905.23,"end":4905.47},{"text":"encourage","start":4905.47,"end":4906.03},{"text":"the","start":4906.03,"end":4906.11},{"text":"Secretariat","start":4906.11,"end":4906.83},{"text":"and","start":4906.83,"end":4906.95},{"text":"the","start":4906.95,"end":4907.07},{"text":"Commission","start":4907.07,"end":4907.63},{"text":"to","start":4907.95,"end":4908.11},{"text":"make","start":4908.11,"end":4908.43},{"text":"the","start":4908.43,"end":4908.55},{"text":"materials","start":4908.55,"end":4909.07},{"text":"of","start":4909.07,"end":4909.23},{"text":"such","start":4909.23,"end":4909.47},{"text":"systems","start":4909.47,"end":4910.03},{"text":"more","start":4910.03,"end":4910.23},{"text":"accessible","start":4910.23,"end":4910.83},{"text":"so","start":4911.15,"end":4911.39},{"text":"that","start":4911.39,"end":4912.11},{"text":"the","start":4912.11,"end":4912.39},{"text":"analysis","start":4912.39,"end":4913.15},{"text":"is","start":4913.47,"end":4913.71},{"text":"representative","start":4913.71,"end":4914.43},{"text":"in","start":4914.43,"end":4914.59},{"text":"fact","start":4914.59,"end":4915.07},{"text":"and","start":4915.31,"end":4915.55},{"text":"not","start":4915.55,"end":4915.79},{"text":"only","start":4915.79,"end":4916.07},{"text":"in","start":4916.07,"end":4916.19},{"text":"form.","start":4916.19,"end":4916.59}]},{"text":"We also note the care the Commission has taken with the questions that have divided opinion in this room.","start":4917.31,"end":4925.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4917.31,"end":4917.35},{"text":"also","start":4917.35,"end":4917.79},{"text":"note","start":4918.35,"end":4918.83},{"text":"the","start":4918.83,"end":4918.99},{"text":"care","start":4918.99,"end":4919.47},{"text":"the","start":4919.87,"end":4920.03},{"text":"Commission","start":4920.03,"end":4920.43},{"text":"has","start":4920.43,"end":4920.67},{"text":"taken","start":4920.67,"end":4921.15},{"text":"with","start":4921.47,"end":4921.75},{"text":"the","start":4921.75,"end":4921.87},{"text":"questions","start":4921.87,"end":4922.75},{"text":"that","start":4922.99,"end":4923.23},{"text":"have","start":4923.23,"end":4923.39},{"text":"divided","start":4923.39,"end":4923.87},{"text":"opinion","start":4923.87,"end":4924.51},{"text":"in","start":4924.75,"end":4924.95},{"text":"this","start":4924.95,"end":4925.15},{"text":"room.","start":4925.15,"end":4925.55}]},{"text":"On transposition, draft conclusion 6 reflects the warning of Judge Sir Arnold McNair that principles of national law cannot be imported lock, stock and barrel.","start":4926.19,"end":4937.95,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":4926.19,"end":4926.35},{"text":"transposition,","start":4926.35,"end":4927.23},{"text":"draft","start":4927.67,"end":4927.95},{"text":"conclusion","start":4927.95,"end":4928.51},{"text":"6","start":4928.51,"end":4929.07},{"text":"reflects","start":4929.07,"end":4929.63},{"text":"the","start":4929.63,"end":4929.75},{"text":"warning","start":4929.75,"end":4930.27},{"text":"of","start":4930.67,"end":4930.91},{"text":"Judge","start":4930.91,"end":4931.23},{"text":"Sir","start":4931.23,"end":4931.63},{"text":"Arnold","start":4931.63,"end":4931.95},{"text":"McNair","start":4931.95,"end":4932.67},{"text":"that","start":4933.15,"end":4933.47},{"text":"principles","start":4933.47,"end":4934.19},{"text":"of","start":4934.19,"end":4934.27},{"text":"national","start":4934.27,"end":4935.03},{"text":"law","start":4935.03,"end":4935.11},{"text":"cannot","start":4935.47,"end":4935.75},{"text":"be","start":4935.75,"end":4935.91},{"text":"imported","start":4935.91,"end":4936.51},{"text":"lock,","start":4936.83,"end":4937.15},{"text":"stock","start":4937.15,"end":4937.47},{"text":"and","start":4937.47,"end":4937.59},{"text":"barrel.","start":4937.59,"end":4937.95}]},{"text":"On principles formed within the international legal system, the Commission chose the word may.","start":4938.43,"end":4944.51,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":4938.43,"end":4938.59},{"text":"principles","start":4938.59,"end":4939.31},{"text":"formed","start":4939.63,"end":4939.99},{"text":"within","start":4939.99,"end":4940.27},{"text":"the","start":4940.27,"end":4940.35},{"text":"international","start":4940.35,"end":4940.95},{"text":"legal","start":4940.95,"end":4941.23},{"text":"system,","start":4941.23,"end":4941.79},{"text":"the","start":4942.11,"end":4942.27},{"text":"Commission","start":4942.27,"end":4942.75},{"text":"chose","start":4942.75,"end":4943.19},{"text":"the","start":4943.19,"end":4943.31},{"text":"word","start":4943.31,"end":4943.79},{"text":"may.","start":4943.95,"end":4944.51}]},{"text":"and set a demanding test, the community of nations must have recognized the principles as intrinsic to that system.","start":4945.03,"end":4953.99,"topics":[{"key":"general-legal-principles","label":"General Principles of Law","description":"Speakers considered how general principles of law should be identified through representative analysis of national legal systems and transposed into international law. They also debated principles formed within the international legal system and their distinction from treaties and customary international law."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":4945.03,"end":4945.19},{"text":"set","start":4945.19,"end":4945.83},{"text":"a","start":4946.15,"end":4946.19},{"text":"demanding","start":4946.19,"end":4946.79},{"text":"test,","start":4946.79,"end":4947.35},{"text":"the","start":4947.59,"end":4947.75},{"text":"community","start":4947.75,"end":4948.19},{"text":"of","start":4948.19,"end":4948.31},{"text":"nations","start":4948.31,"end":4948.95},{"text":"must","start":4949.27,"end":4949.67},{"text":"have","start":4949.67,"end":4949.83},{"text":"recognized","start":4949.83,"end":4950.63},{"text":"the","start":4950.95,"end":4951.07},{"text":"principles","start":4951.07,"end":4951.67},{"text":"as","start":4951.67,"end":4951.83},{"text":"intrinsic","start":4951.83,"end":4952.55},{"text":"to","start":4953.03,"end":4953.19},{"text":"that","start":4953.19,"end":4953.43},{"text":"system.","start":4953.43,"end":4953.99}]},{"text":"As Judge Abdulkawi Yusuf told this committee in 2019, when he was president of the court, the question of coherence in international law is an existential one.","start":4954.31,"end":4965.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":4954.31,"end":4954.55},{"text":"Judge","start":4954.55,"end":4954.95},{"text":"Abdulkawi","start":4955.27,"end":4955.91},{"text":"Yusuf","start":4955.91,"end":4956.47},{"text":"told","start":4957.11,"end":4957.47},{"text":"this","start":4957.47,"end":4957.59},{"text":"committee","start":4957.59,"end":4958.07},{"text":"in","start":4958.07,"end":4958.19},{"text":"2019,","start":4958.19,"end":4959.27},{"text":"when","start":4959.39,"end":4959.59},{"text":"he","start":4959.59,"end":4959.67},{"text":"was","start":4959.67,"end":4959.83},{"text":"president","start":4959.83,"end":4960.27},{"text":"of","start":4960.27,"end":4960.35},{"text":"the","start":4960.35,"end":4960.47},{"text":"court,","start":4960.47,"end":4960.87},{"text":"the","start":4961.27,"end":4961.35},{"text":"question","start":4961.35,"end":4961.83},{"text":"of","start":4961.83,"end":4961.91},{"text":"coherence","start":4961.91,"end":4962.55},{"text":"in","start":4962.79,"end":4962.91},{"text":"international","start":4962.91,"end":4963.87},{"text":"law","start":4963.87,"end":4963.95},{"text":"is","start":4964.23,"end":4964.43},{"text":"an","start":4964.43,"end":4964.51},{"text":"existential","start":4964.51,"end":4965.27},{"text":"one.","start":4965.27,"end":4965.51}]},{"text":"Madam Chair, finally, we welcome the inclusion of the topic, identification and legal consequences of obligation erga omnes in international law, with Mr. Masahiko Asada as special rapporteur, and of the right to regulate in international investment law in the long-term programme of work, and the updated syllabus on extraterritorial jurisdiction, which matters to countries whose exporters and workers are increasingly bound by laws made elsewhere.","start":4966.07,"end":4995.95,"topics":[{"key":"erga-omnes-obligations","label":"Erga Omnes Obligations","description":"Several delegations welcomed work on identifying obligations owed to the international community as a whole and clarifying their legal consequences. 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Chair, this was a year in which the Commission finished what it started.","start":4997.23,"end":5001.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":4997.23,"end":4997.47},{"text":"Chair,","start":4997.47,"end":4997.83},{"text":"this","start":4998.23,"end":4998.47},{"text":"was","start":4998.47,"end":4998.59},{"text":"a","start":4998.59,"end":4998.63},{"text":"year","start":4998.67,"end":4999.03},{"text":"in","start":4999.03,"end":4999.11},{"text":"which","start":4999.11,"end":4999.35},{"text":"the","start":4999.39,"end":4999.51},{"text":"Commission","start":4999.51,"end":4999.91},{"text":"finished","start":4999.91,"end":5000.47},{"text":"what","start":5000.47,"end":5000.67},{"text":"it","start":5000.67,"end":5000.79},{"text":"started.","start":5000.79,"end":5001.43}]},{"text":"Our task now is to make sure that what it has finished is used appropriately in international 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Chair.","start":5008.87,"end":5009.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5008.87,"end":5009.03},{"text":"thank","start":5009.03,"end":5009.23},{"text":"you,","start":5009.23,"end":5009.31},{"text":"Madam","start":5009.31,"end":5009.55},{"text":"Chair.","start":5009.55,"end":5009.83}]}]}],"speaker":{"affiliation":"BGD","group":null,"function":null,"affiliation_full":"Bangladesh"}},{"statement_number":21,"start":5012.87,"pageUrl":"/fr/ga/c6/81/31?lang=en&t=1:23:33","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Bangladesh for his 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afternoon.","start":5017.63,"end":5023.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":5017.63,"end":5018.19},{"text":"delegates,","start":5018.19,"end":5018.87},{"text":"the","start":5018.87,"end":5018.99},{"text":"distinguished","start":5018.99,"end":5019.51},{"text":"representative","start":5019.51,"end":5020.15},{"text":"of","start":5020.15,"end":5020.31},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":5020.31,"end":5020.95},{"text":"was","start":5020.95,"end":5021.11},{"text":"the","start":5021.11,"end":5021.23},{"text":"last","start":5021.23,"end":5021.55},{"text":"speaker","start":5021.55,"end":5021.99},{"text":"for","start":5021.99,"end":5022.15},{"text":"this","start":5022.15,"end":5022.47},{"text":"afternoon.","start":5022.47,"end":5023.11}]},{"text":"The interactive dialogue will be held in this room immediately following the adjournment of this meeting.","start":5023.91,"end":5028.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5023.91,"end":5023.95},{"text":"interactive","start":5023.95,"end":5024.59},{"text":"dialogue","start":5024.59,"end":5024.99},{"text":"will","start":5024.99,"end":5025.15},{"text":"be","start":5025.15,"end":5025.31},{"text":"held","start":5025.31,"end":5025.63},{"text":"in","start":5025.63,"end":5025.79},{"text":"this","start":5025.79,"end":5026.03},{"text":"room","start":5026.03,"end":5026.27},{"text":"immediately","start":5026.27,"end":5026.99},{"text":"following","start":5026.99,"end":5027.43},{"text":"the","start":5027.43,"end":5027.51},{"text":"adjournment","start":5027.51,"end":5028.15},{"text":"of","start":5028.15,"end":5028.27},{"text":"this","start":5028.27,"end":5028.51},{"text":"meeting.","start":5028.51,"end":5028.99}]},{"text":"There will be no meeting of the Sixth Committee tomorrow morning in order to allow delegates the opportunity to attend the debate on the report of the International Court of Justice in the General 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will continue the discussion on the first cluster of topics tomorrow afternoon at 3:00 PM, following which we will turn to the second cluster of 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adjourning, I wish to remind those delegations that have not yet submitted their list of participants in this year’s session of the Sixth Committee that they should register the names of their representatives, alternate representatives, and advisers through the e-list of participants module on the e-delegate portal at their earliest 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Secretariat will be circulating a draft of this year’s list of participants next week.","start":5076.67,"end":5082.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5076.67,"end":5076.83},{"text":"Secretariat","start":5076.83,"end":5077.47},{"text":"will","start":5077.47,"end":5077.63},{"text":"be","start":5077.63,"end":5077.71},{"text":"circulating","start":5077.71,"end":5078.59},{"text":"a","start":5078.59,"end":5078.63},{"text":"draft","start":5078.63,"end":5079.23},{"text":"of","start":5079.23,"end":5079.39},{"text":"this","start":5079.39,"end":5079.63},{"text":"year’s","start":5079.63,"end":5079.95},{"text":"list","start":5079.95,"end":5080.27},{"text":"of","start":5080.27,"end":5080.43},{"text":"participants","start":5080.43,"end":5081.31},{"text":"next","start":5081.39,"end":5081.79},{"text":"week.","start":5081.79,"end":5082.11}]},{"text":"meeting is 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