UN Transcripts — https://transcripts.un.org/ru/asset/k15/k152ot2jp9 (1st meeting) Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on the United Nations Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation — General Assembly — 3 February 2025 Language: en Automatically generated transcript — may contain errors. Not an official United Nations record. --- Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [0:05]: It's an honor and a privilege for me to have been elected as a chair of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on the United Nations Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation. I will now deliver my opening statement. Excellencies, distinguished delegates and and colleagues, it's a profound honor and significant responsibility to stand before you today as a chair of this historic intergovernmental negotiating Committee. I want to express my deepest gratitude to all member states for entrusting me with this rule, a rule that carries the weight of our collective ambition to reshape international tax cooperation for the 21st century. The challenges of our time demand nothing less than bold, coordinated action. At the heart of these challenges lies an urgent truth. The global tax system is not fit for its intended purpose. Billions of dollars are lost annually to profit shifting, harmful tax competition and illicit financial flows. These losses deprive nations, especially the most vulnerable of resources critical for achieving sustainable development goals, protecting human rights and ensuring a just transition to a green future. Our mandate is clear. We must craft a framework convention that redefines fairness, transparency, equity in the international tax system. This is not merely a technical exercise. It's a moral imperative. From my position, I pledge to uphold the principles of transparency, impartiality and collaboration. My role is not to impose solutions, but to facilitate a process where every perspective is heard, where compromises are made in a good faith, and where we never lose sight of our ultimate goal. A framework that serves people and the planet, not privilege and profit. This communist work will not be easy. There will be divergent views, complex negotiations and moments of frustration. But let us remember, the cost of inaction is far greater. In closing, I argue us all to approach this tasked with courage, creativity and compassion. Let this convention be a testament to our belief that multilateralism can deliver justice. That together we can build a tax system that is equitable, resilient and worthy of people we serve. The world is watching. Let us rise to the occasion. Thank you. I now give the floor to Ms. Sherry Spiegel, Director of the Financing of Sustainable Development Office of the Department for Economic and Social Affairs. DESA · Director FSDO · Sherry Spiegel [3:18]: Thank you so much and congratulations. I want to welcome everybody on behalf of DESA's Under Secretary General Xuna Li, who would have very much liked to have been here today to welcome you himself in person. Distinguished delegates, today marks a historic moment in the process of strengthening international tax cooperation and making it fully inclusive and effective. For the first time, we begin work on the United Nations Framework Convention on International Tax cooperation. Through resolution 79235, the General assembly has established this new Committee with a clear mandate to develop this Convention in two early protocols. The Committee is open to all Member States on equal footing. Let me briefly outline how we arrived here. In 2022, the General assembly recognized the need to strengthen international tax cooperation at the United Nations. It launched intergovernmental discussions at the United nations on ways to strengthen the inclusiveness and effectiveness of international tax cooperation. In 2023, the General assembly decided to establish in an Ad hoc committee and in 2024, the ad hoc Committee produced the Terms of Reference for our Framework Convention. The General assembly then adopted these terms of reference last year. It then established this intergovernmental Negotiating Committee to draft the UN Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation. As noted, the Committee's mandate is clear to draft the Framework Convention and two early protocols. The General assembly also recognized the importance and benefit of developing a Framework Convention that would receive broad support. This recognition reinforces our foundation for building mutual trust. It will help Member States address the challenges ahead. International tax rules must evolve with our changing rules world. They must be flexible and resilient. They must adapt to new technologies and business models and most importantly, they must serve all Member States and all people of the world. International tax cooperation has become increasingly important and central to international economic relations and sustainable development progress. New global challenges have brought additional complexity and increased both costs and opportunities to build an inclusive, fair and effective international tax system that is supportive of global sustainable development goals. The Framework Convention can contribute to the SDGS by ensuring that international tax reform reflect the needs, priorities and capacities of all Member States and by supporting Member States in their efforts to mobilize domestic resources. During this organizational session, the Committee has very specific tasks to complete to elect officers, discuss organizational matters and decide on the subject of the second Early Protocol. In this context, the Committee will also have to decide on modalities for the participation of stakeholders, which is encouraged in the Committee's mandating resolution to participate in accordance with established practices. I thank all Member States for your presence and engagement and look forward to a productive organizational session. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [6:26]: Thank you. The Committee will now resume its consideration of Agenda Item one of the Provisional agenda entitled Election of Officers in Accordance with the General Assembly Resolution 79235 of 24th of December 2024. The Committee shall elect 18 Vice Chairs and a Rapporteur elected on the basis of equitable geographical representation and taking into account gender balance. I have received the following nominations for for the position of the Vice Chair. Before I start my own respect to all the names, but excuse my pronunciation for the for the following names. Four nominations from among the Asia Pacific states. Qiangli Ku of China, Bhaskar Gaswami of India, Wasad Al Malki of Saudi Arabia and Chiem Yang Fang of Singapore. Four nominations from among the Eastern Europe states. Lucas Hardleck of Czech Republic, Helim Pahipill of Estonia, Kazari Kiryasiak of Poland and Alexander Simuronov of Russian Federation. Three nominations from among the Latin American and Caribbean states, His Excellency Leurayan of Bahamas, Her Excellency Villavens of Colombia and His Excellency Chris Wilkin of St. Kitts and Nevis. Three nominations from among the Western Europe and other states. Michael Brun of Germany through the Tinis of Norway, Angela Wilforth of Sweden. Three nominations from among the african states. Daniel at weir of ghana, anna wanjiro of kenya, matthew japon japur of nigeria. Three nominations. We're done with Eastern Europe. So now I have received a nomination of Lisa Lotkana of Chile from among the Latin America and the Caribbean states for the position of Rapporteur. May I take it that the Committee wishes to elect these nominees by acclimation as Vice Chairs and reporter respectively for the sessions of the Committee. A year? No objection. It is so decided. On behalf of the Committee, I congratulate the Vice Chairs and the reporter. The Committee has thus concluded this stage of its consideration of agenda item one. So we see a request from Ukraine. So, representative of Ukraine, the floor is yours. Ukraine [10:58]: Thank you, Mr. Chair. I wanted to mention that Permanent Mission of Ukraine would like to disassociate from the decision of the election of the representative of Russian Federation to the bureau of this meeting. As we strongly believe that a representative of a State executing an act of aggression against its neighbor in violation of the principles of the UN Charter cannot justly represent Eastern European Group on this meeting. I thank you. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [11:40]: So the Committee will begin its consideration of item 2 of the Provisional agenda entitled Adoption of the Agenda. The Committee has before it the provisional agenda contained in document A AC298 1. May I take it that the Committee wishes to adopt the agenda for the sessions of the Committee as contained in this document? I hear no objection. It is so decided. The Committee has thus concluded its consideration of Agenda Item 2. The Committee will begin its consideration of Agenda Item 3 entitled Organizational Matters. I wish to draw the attention of the Committee to a conference room paper entitled Draft Program of Work contained in document A AC298CRP1. The conference room paper has been distributed to the delegations via Edelegate and is available on the website. May I take it that the Committee wish to approve the program of work for the organizational sessions of the Committee on the understanding that it may be revised during the sessions as needed? I hear no objection. It is so decided. The Committee has just concluded this stage of its consideration of Agenda Item 3. The Committee will began its consideration of Agenda Item 4 entitled Framework Convention Protocol 1 on Taxation of Income Derived from the Provision of Cross Border Services in an Increasingly Digitalized and Globalized economy and protocol 2. I now open the floor for general statements by delegations. Please press the microphone button if you wish to speak. Delegations wishing wishing to speak on behalf of groups are requested to approach this criteria to be given priority as announced in the Journal. Time limits are five minutes for statements on behalf of groups and three minutes for statements in national capacity. I now give the. So we are now giving the floor to the representative of Poland on behalf of the European Union. Poland · EU [14:13]: Dear Chair, Vice Chairs, Distinguished Delegates, Colleagues, I have the honor to speak on behalf of EU member states. All 27 EU member states are participating in this organizational session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee to address and conclude organizational matters, including decision making rules of the Committee and decide on the subject of the second Early Protocol. We congratulate the Chair on his appointment and look forward to his leadership in steering this important process. We also extend our appreciation to the Vice Chairs for their efforts in organizing and guiding this process. The EU Member States share the objectives of promoting inclusive and effective international tax cooperation. Despite our concerns regarding the process of drafting and adopting the terms of reference for the Framework Convention, the EU Member States have consistently engaged in this process in good faith since its beginning. Participating in an open and collaborative manner, we approach positively the prospect of the Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation provided that it does reflect reflect a broad international consensus between the Member States of the United Nations. Our shared objective is to promote the stability, certainty and coherence of the international tax architecture. Achieving this requires a process that is inclusive, transparent and consensus driven, one that reflects all and accommodates the diverse perspectives and priorities of all Member States. In this regard, we underline importance of ensuring fair and balanced outcome for all States. It is only through inclusive and effective negotiations that we can arrive at implementable solutions. Therefore, only adoption by consensus guarantees a truly inclusive process as it makes sure the viewpoint of each, each single negotiating party matters and the different points of view are taken into consideration. Whereas departing from this consensus while deciding on the Framework Convention would jeopardize the process, the development of the United Nations Framework Convention and its protocols can only deliver on its promise if the largest number of Member States can consider becoming a signature. It would be very unfortunate if the simple majority decision making for the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee was imposed. This might affect EU Member States willingness to participate in the future Convention. From this perspective, in order to ensure the effectiveness of the Framework Convention and its implementation, the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee should exhaust every effort in good faith to reach agreement on substantive matters by consensus and adopt a consensus based decision making process. We remain committed to engaging in good faith negotiations provided that the process is truly inclusive and reflects the views and interests of all participating Member States. To this end, we express our commitment to working together constructively, enhancing mutual understanding and cooperative dialogue which are essential elements for a successful negotiation process. We also recall the importance of complementing and aligning with the existing efforts of other relevant international fora to ensure the coherence and synergy of international frameworks, avoiding inconsistencies and and building on the strengths and expertise of the various processes and institutions involved in global tax cooperation. Only by doing so we can advance a Framework Convention that reflects shared aspirations and delivers tangible outcomes for all. In closing, we reaffirm our readiness to actively contribute to the discussion discussions and to promote the principles of fairness, transparency, inclusivity and efficiency that are essential to the success of this process. Thank you very much. Suriname · CARICOM [18:56]: Thank you. The Floor to the Representative of Suriname on behalf of caricom, Thank you for giving me the floor Chair I have the honor to deliver these remarks on behalf of the 14 member states of the Caribbean Community CARICOM at the outset, CARICOM extends its profound congratulations to His Excellency Rami Youssef of Egypt on his successful election as Chair, to Ms. Liselotte Khana of Chile on her election as Rapporteur and to the 18 candidates who were successfully elected as Vice Chairs to the Bureau of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee. We laud the work of the African Group and the shepherding of this process. CARICOM looks forward to supporting the work of the Bureau to craft a Framework Convention that is inclusive, equitable and effective. Chair the adoption of General Assembly Resolution 79235 has provided us with a unique and historic opportunity to build a just international tax framework. We recognize that this session marks a significant step towards shaping the future of global tax governance and CARICOM is committed to engaging constructively and in this vital process. It is our view that international tax cooperation must be grounded in the principles of reality, transparency, equity and inclusivity it is essential that the Framework we develop adequately addresses the needs of the Global south, particularly small and vulnerable economies who are often most harmed by harmful tax practices and unilateral action. Furthermore, we must ensure that the Framework Convention and its Protocol should prioritize sustainable development and take into consideration the need for financing of critical services and infrastructure, in particular for small island developing States. Therefore, as we commence our work on this important process, CARICOM reaffirms its commitment to working closely with all stakeholders to achieve a global tax cooperation regime that promotes effective multilateralism. Our region's active participation in the Bureau that drafted the Terms of Reference and our current representation on the Bureau crafting the Framework Convention demonstrates caricom's unwavering and continued commitment to this process. For caricom, the present organizational session must deliver on the mandate set out in General assembly resolution 78230, namely to conclude organizational matters, including decision making rules of the Committee and decide on the subject of the Second Early Protocol. It would also be helpful to consider developing an indicative timetable for sessions of the Inc in 2025 while also looking ahead to subsequent years. Finally, we wish to reiterate the call to Member States and other relevant stakeholders to assist in ensuring the full and effective participation of the developing countries, including SIDS and LDCs, in the negotiation of the Framework Chair. In conclusion, CARICOM values the inclusive, transparent and collaborative approach that has defined the early stages of this process, and we trust that this will continue as we work toward the submission of final text in the first quarter of the General Assembly's 82nd session. We look forward to a productive and collaborative negotiation process. Thank you. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [23:05]: Thank you. The floor to the distinguished Delegate of Netherlands. Netherlands (Kingdom of the) [23:24]: Yes, thank you. Chair. We align ourselves with the intervention by the Polish Presidency on behalf of the European Union Member States and in our national capacity. We have the following additional remarks. The Kingdom of the Netherlands reiterates its support of the effort to enforce inclusive, effective and fair international tax cooperation. For the sake of time, I will restrict myself to one important element of the discussions that we have had during the formulation of the Terms of References of the Terms of Reference and that can be expected to come up again this week. The decision making process and the structure of the Framework Convention. At this moment, it seems that the discussions are unnecessarily hindered by the fact that some Member States fear to be bound to substantive and operative provisions or protocols by a majority decision of the Committee. Likewise, it sometimes appears that States stakeholders have the impression that the allocation of taxing rights can be amended by those majority decisions. Both, in our view, are incorrect. We should keep in mind that this process ultimately consists of three separate steps. First, this Committee decides on the drafting of the Framework Convention. Next, Member States are free to sign that Convention. Member States and agree in principle to cooperate. Then, notwithstanding that commitment, Member States can again freely decide to sign on to certain operative protocols under the Convention. At the same time, we should all keep in mind that the Framework Convention can only be of material importance if it is signed by a significant number of Member States. And let us be frank. The Framework Convention and more specifically, specifically, the First Early Protocol on Cross Border Services could only have material importance if a significant part of Cross border trade in services is covered. Finding consensus is therefore in the primary interest of all of us. I trust that this Committee, supported by the Chair, the Bureau and the Secretariat, will find a successful way in reaching that consensus. And let me reassure you of the active and constructive participation of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in this endeavor. Thank you. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [25:58]: Thank you. Now to the distinguished delegate of Egypt, on behalf of the African Group. Egypt · Africa Group [26:06]: Thank you very much. Honorable Chairperson, first and foremost, congratulations for assuming the Chairmanship. Happy to see an African chairing this wonderful meeting. I have the honor to deliver this statement on behalf of the African Group. At the outset, I wish to extend our congratulations to the newly elected Bureau. Your leadership, Mr. Chairman, and dedication are well and the whole Bureau are vital to guiding our collective efforts towards achieving a fair and equitable global tax system. We look forward to working closely with you and supporting your endeavors in this momentous journey. The African Group used this process as a foundation for addressing the systemic inequities in international tax governance. Recognize the significant role that fair and effective tax systems play in mobilizing domestic resources for sustainable development. By establishing a strong Framework Convention for international tax cooperation, we ensure that all countries, especially those in Africa and the global south, can generate the necessary revenues to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. It is imperative, this, distinguished colleagues, that we adhere to the timeline set out for this process in the adopted terms of reference and refrain from attempts to drag the process on. I retreat the commitment of the African Group to completing the work of the Committee and submitting the final text of the Framework Convention and of the two early Protocols to the General assembly for its consideration in the first quarter of the 82nd session session UNGA 82 while we always aim for consensus, we remain dedicated to completing the tasks within the allocated time frame. As we engage in this important discussion, the African Group commits to participating in a transparent, open and honest manner. We believe that this approach is essential for fostering meaningful outcomes and encourage all delegations to adopt a similar spirit of constructiveness, cooperation and transparency. We extend our appreciation to the UN and all Member States for recognizing the importance of this initiative and for taking decisive action towards its realization, including through the adoption of the Terms of Reference last August, as a major milestone in our collective efforts. In this regard, it underscores the collective will of the majority towards fostering justice and equity in global tax policy and represents a shift towards a more inclusive global dialogue, advocating for every voice to be heard. In conclusion, Mr. Chairperson, the African Group reiterates its commitment to this process and looks forward to constructive and fruitful negotiations in an open and transparent manner. As I said, it is only through collective efforts and genuine dialogue that we can overcome the challenges and seize the opportunities laid out by achieving the UN Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation for a fair and equitable international tax system that benefits all of us. I do. Thank you, Distinguished Chaplain. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [29:28]: Thank you to the distinction Delegate of Singapore. Singapore [29:38]: Thank you, Chair. Congratulations on your election and please be assured of our delegation's support for the successful conclusion of this process. As this Negotiating Committee embarks on the next phase of work, we have an opportunity to create a platform for all countries to participate in a truly inclusive manner and work together to address gaps in the current international tax cooperation architecture and strengthen tax cooperation on a global scale. This can create a stable, coherent and predictable international tax landscape and which will foster the right conditions for enterprise and innovation and support sustainable and equitable growth for all countries, especially developing countries. Singapore remains committed to this process and will work collaboratively with all Member States to identify solutions that promote inclusive and effective international tax cooperation. Inclusivity has been and will continue to be our central guiding principle. Ensuring inclusive participation requires commitment from all of us to truly consider and listen in good faith the concerns and views of all countries, big and small, developed and developing. Achieving consensus will require more concerted efforts from everyone in this room because of the wildly differing needs, circumstances and priorities of countries. But these differences are precisely why we must make every effort to close areas of divergence, forge compromises and arrive at solutions that garner broad agreement. Only then can aspiration be translated into action. Tax rules decided by a simple majority would not result in broad adoption and will lead to fragmentation of the international tax landscape and increase complexity for businesses. The potential early protocol topics are complex. We urge delegations to elaborate their priority areas, particularly how international tax cooperation can address current tax challenges. This is essential to establish a common understanding of the existing gaps and potential synergies in existing work, avoid duplication and contradiction with existing rules and practices, and to allow all of us to make an informed decision on the topic of the second early Protocol. With this, we look forward to working with all delegations on the road ahead. And I thank you for your attention. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [32:10]: Thank you. Now to the distinguished delegate of Ghana. Ghana [32:17]: Thank you, Chair, Excellencies, distinguished delegates, at the outset, I would like to congratulate you, Chair, and the other members of the Bureau for your election and to assure you of Ghana's support and cooperation during this important process. Ghana would also like to align herself with the statement just read by Egypt on behalf of the African Group and would at this time make additional comments in our national capacity. Chair, the moment we face is a defining one, a moment that will shape the global tax architecture for generations to come. We must therefore seize this moment to work in a constructive and unified manner under the global and inclusive framework that the United nations provide for us to spearhead for the first time under its auspices, a regime for international tax cooperation. Ghana firmly holds that our efforts at negotiating the international tax regime should not be seen in its narrow technical sense, but rather in the broader good it holds to forge for each of us a new paradigm of economic fairness, equity and shared prosperity. It is therefore important to ensure that every country, irrespective of its economic size or bargaining power, has an equal seat at the table and that the process we adopt embodies the principles upon which the United nations is inclusivity, transparency and fairness. Distinguished colleagues, the international tax system must work for all, not just a privileged few. We must make every effort to correct the imbalance of the current global tax system that has long been acknowledged as working against the interests of developing countries. It is well known that the wealth that is siphoned away from developing countries through illicit financial flows, tax avoidance and profit shifting denies them of the resources they require to support sustainable development, infrastructural development, universal health care and education. The negotiating exercise should therefore be seen in its proper context, a moral imperative that requires us to work together in solidarity. We must rise above narrow national advantages and recognize the greater benefits from a fairer tax system. In furtherance of these goals and recognizing the importance of international task cooperation, every reasonable effort should be made within the available time frame for negotiations to seek consensus on substantive matters in the Committee. However, if consensus proves unattainable, Ghana believes that as a subsidiary body of the General assembly, the decision making procedures of the assembly and other rules of procedure should apply to this Committee. We cannot afford delays or slippages in the negotiating timelines we have set, as the world requires of us a steadfast commitment to deliver a robust Framework Convention and its two early protocols within the agreed time frame. Regarding the choice of the second protocol, Ghana remains committed to engaging constructively to identify a protocol that garners broad support among committee members. Chair. If we fail to achieve our agreed objectives, our failure will regrettably add to the emerging turbulence in the global economic and financial space and shred of prospects for sustaining a unified economic and financial system into the future. I therefore urge that we seize the opportunity that the scheduled sessions provide for us and not equivocate on our responsibility as pioneers of a just and equitable tax order. The work before us may be complex, but the mandate is clear and so should be our resolve if we sustain our commitment to the process. History may well recall that this was the forum where the global community chose cooperation over competition, equity over exclusion and progress of over paralysis. Ghana stands ready to work with all delegations to ensure the successful completion of the process. I thank you very much. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [36:48]: Thank you. The floor to Chile and on behalf of Colombia. Chile [36:56]: Thank you, Mr. Chairperson and I will speak in Spanish. Muchas gracias. Thank you very much. Chair. I am honoured to deliver this statement on behalf of Colombia and Chile. We congratulate you and Egypt for your election as Chair and we congratulate also all of the other members of the Bureau of this Committee. We would like to thank Groulac, the Group of Latin American States for honoring us with two seats on this Bureau and all of the members for their support in appointing Chile as Rapporteur. We hope that the agreement that we will achieve during this organisational session will allow us to address the important work of this Committee through a collaborative and inclusive dialogue in order to achieve the important goals that we have set. Set. We take on this challenge at a complex international juncture. The process that we are beginning today is an opportunity to show that multilateralism continues to be a space that is able to generate concrete and equitable solutions in the face of urgent challenges. We reaffirm the importance of this forum in guaranteeing a truly inclusive conversation on international tax cooperation. Making the most of other international and regional bodies and their experience. We can actually generate synergies that move us closer to a Framework Convention with a view to a more just and and more effective tax architecture. At this meeting we will adopt key definitions on the modalities for decision making and selections according to protocol. And these could guide the course of future negotiations. We believe that the work of this Committee in developing the protocols, the early protocols, simultaneously is especially relevant. The topics that are listed as priorities in the terms of reference are essential in terms of moving towards concrete and inclusive solutions. In the coming days, we are going to be listening carefully to all of the participants. We know that in this space there are legitimate differences in terms of the emphasis that we wish to prioritize and therefore we call for a constructive dialogue where no voice seeks to impose themselves over others. We should all recall that we have a common goal of building inclusive tax architecture that is transparent and effective, that is able to respond to the very diverse tax realities in our countries. For many developing countries, the collection gaps continues to severely limit their capacity to invest in essential public policies for sustainable development. This directly impacts the provision of basic services, strengthening of the social protection systems and in combating inequality. And ultimately it impacts the quality of life of their citizens. In this regard, the success of this process is a necessity for global tax justice and for equity in terms of access to opportunities for development. Chile and Colombia believe in the success of this process. We hope to contribute constructively to the forthcoming discussions. They should be ambitious if we truly want to develop a framework that achieves the goals that we have set. Thank you. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [40:55]: Thank you to the distinguished delegate of Russian Federation. Russian Federation [41:08]: Mr. Chair, allow me to congratulate you on your election to this important position. The Russian Federation is confident that under your leadership and under your leadership, all of us will be able to achieve a compromise. We would also like to extend our gratitude to the second committee of the UNGA for their work in coordinating resolution 79 235. We also thank the Secretariat for the support they provided with its implementation. The Russian Federation believes that the adoption by the General assembly in late 2024 of a document on the terms of reference for a UN Convention on tax matters and the launching of a process to develop that convention are historic steps toward enhancing the fairness and efficiency of the international tax system and more broadly, toward the transformation of the global financial landscape to meet with the interests of the global majority. In a departure from the past when global tax rules were discussed in in a number of fora by a limited number of countries. Right now we have a transparent negotiating process, one in which, for the first time, on equal footing, all countries can participate, including developing countries. The beginning this is particularly important today, five years before the finish line of the 2030 Agenda. The future of billions of people will hinge on the ability of governments to finance basic infrastructure and education healthcare and systems of social protection. We anticipate that the Convention and its protocols will ensure that major transnational corporations will pay a fair share of taxes in areas where they operate. Additional tax revenues will allow developing countries to ramp up their investments in sustainable development and curb their dependence on foreign sources of financing, which, as is patently clear today, are becoming less and less numerous. We have a lot of work to do so to in 2027, arrive at the adoption of a Framework Convention and its two protocols. In this regard, drawing on the lessons from our previous discussions, we would call for using the ensuring the Committee uses the time resources allocated to it as efficiently as possible. And we would propose that we start a frank and productive exchange of opinions and ideas among the delegations. We. At the same time, we would call upon the developing States to lay aside attempts to slow the work of the Committee and permanently entrench the status quo. After all, a broad international consensus has already formed that the status quo is unacceptable. Mr. Chair, in closing, we would like to express our dismay at the statement just made by the Ukrainian delegation, which in our view provides no added value to our expert discussion. That statement only seeks to politicize the work of the Committee. That is why, Mr. Chair, I would like to conclude by saying that Russia is prepared to engage in joint work and coordinating of efforts with all states with an interest in democratizing international tax cooperation. Thank you for your attention. Chair [45:00]: Thank you, Distinguished Delegate Office Sweden. Sweden [45:14]: Thank you, Chair, Excellencies, distinguished Delegates. Sweden aligns with the statement delivered by Poland on behalf of the EU Member States and would like to add the following in my national capacity. First, I would like to congratulate you, Sher, on your appointment. I look forward to your continued leadership and guidance throughout this process with the aim of finding sustainable international solutions on tax matters that could be acceptable to all. I also wish to thank the Committee for electing me as one of the Vice Chairs to the Bureau. I look forward to participating constructively and working closely with all Member States in supporting the work of the inc. I want to emphasize that Sweden continues to support strengthening the inclusiveness and effectiveness of international tax cooperation as we now start the upcoming work of this Committee to achieve a meaningful outcome that effectively addresses relevant concerns. International tax cooperation should be grounded in a thorough analysis of both the concerns and the potential outcomes, while also focusing on strengthened capacity building measures. The work of the Committee should, of course, be transparent, inclusive and efficient. All jurisdiction must, on equal terms, continuously be given the opportunity to actively participate and contribute the work that will also guarantee higher quality of the output and a greater adherence. Sweden continues to be committed to actively engaging in discussions on finding solutions that are internationally viable and can be as widely accepted and effectively implemented as possible. I look forward to an interesting and productive discussion in a constructive spirit. Thank you so much. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [47:24]: Thank you. Distinguish Delegate of Czech Republic. Czechia [47:31]: Dear Chair, Vice Chairs, Excellencies, distinguished judges, Czech Republic aligns itself with the statement on behalf of EU Member States. This means that Czech Republic especially supports international tax cooperation that is inclusive, effective, reciprocal, easy to implement and administrated in accordance with the human rights. This form of cooperation can facilitate economic growth and investment. Therefore, we believe that the tax of the Framework Convention and its protocols should promote such international tax cooperation and should aim to enhance the international tax system so the system is stable, certain and coherent. To succeed, the Framework Convention needs a broad support from all States which logically have various needs and interests. Therefore, the Framework Convention and its protocols should reflect views of developing and developed countries, source countries and resident countries, as well as low capacity and high capacity countries. To achieve this goal, the negotiation process must be transparent, inclusive, fair and balanced. Hence, the Committee should exhaust every effort in a good faith to reach agreement on substantive matters by consensus and adopt consensus based decision making rules. Only this form of making decisions can achieve a wide ranging support of countries and can lead to an outcome beneficial to the largest number of countries and their people. Moreover, to succeed, we need to strive to achieve common understanding of the scope and topics of early protocols and problems that these protocols are trying to solve and possible solutions that they are supposed to implement. The solution should be coherent with the work of other international fora. We are committed to being actively and constructively involved in the Committee's work and we are looking forward to collaborating with all of you. Thank you. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [49:53]: Thank you. Stankste, Delegate of India thank you. Thank you, Chair. At the outset, we congratulate you on your election and we look forward to your effective leadership. As always in the past, Excellencies, over the past two years, Member States of the United nations have had the historic opportunity to engage in intergovernmental discussions on the future of international tax cooperation. India [50:25]: The existing system of international taxation is founded on principles that have been in place for now over a century. During this time, governments, businesses and tax priorities have significantly evolved. Today, we recognize the diverse stages of development among countries and the need to receive a fair for each to receive a fair share of taxes on the incomes that they help generate. Inclusivity and the contribution of markets to the profits earned are now central tenets in this discourse. In the light of these changes, it is imperative to revisit some of these long standing principles, not to dismantle them, but to adapt them to better address the economic realities of our century. And that is why the negotiations of the UN Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation are so important. While in recent years we have witnessed several and commendable attempts at multilateral tax cooperation, our task here is to conceptualize a comprehensive framework for international taxation, rather than narrowly focusing on the various individual components that would make it up today. The discussions that we will engage in and in the months to come should be guided by the mandate of three successive UN resolutions. 77 244, 78, 230 and 79 235. At their core, these resolutions embody our shared vision to make international cooperation fully inclusive and more effective. And inclusivity, by its very nature, ensures that diverse voices are heard and their perspectives that they bring are integrated both into agenda setting and the final outcomes. Effectiveness, on the other hand, demands robust solutions to complex tax challenges. Solutions that are practical, implementable and compliance friendly. These must enhance certainty for taxpayers while enabling governments to mobilize sustainable and meaningful revenues. Given the inherent complexities of the subject of taxation, it is natural for Member States to hold divergent and at times different perspectives on various issues. However, this should not deter us from uniting around our shared goals. This organizational session marks the beginning of this very historic three year journey. It will provide us a lot of time, ample time to understand our view with differing viewpoints and be able to move forward collaboratively. India, on her part, reaffirms its commitment to actively and constructively engaging in this process. We will contribute not only our technical expertise and insights, but also our readiness to seek common ground wherever possible. We urge Member States to build on the trust that we have established and build their confidence in these negotiations. Together we can deliver an impactful framework that benefits governments, our citizens and businesses alike, while setting new benchmarks for international tax cooperation. Thank you. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [53:53]: Thank you, Stench Digit of Argentina. Argentina [53:59]: Thank you, Mr. Chair, and congratulations to you and Egypt for your appointment in this Chairship role. Now I will read my statement in Spanish. Thank you. Chair Excellencies, distinguished delegations at the current situation of globalization and digitalization, we hope that we will find broad implementation in this agreement to to address current challenges. Argentina participates in international fora and hopes to achieve a Framework Convention that fulfills these objectives through Resolution 79 235. The General assembly has entrusted this Committee with negotiating in a very ambitious time frame a United Nations Framework Convention and two Early Protocols during this session, the Committee will debate proposals that bring about decisions that are of the utmost importance and that will regulate our future work. Argentina will participate in this negotiation process and hopes that decisions will be adopted by consensus that are consistent with other international bodies and that respect the tax policy of different countries. We hope this will be a fruitful and constructive session. Thank you to Chef. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [55:20]: Thank you. Fiji [55:28]: Thank you. Mr. President. Congratulations on your election to chair this meeting and thank you for convening this week's meeting and you can be assured of Fiji's support. The UN Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation Governance undeniably is a central pillar for development in small island developing states like Fiji. In view of our economy's vulnerability, Fiji, like many seeds, often have open economies that are highly dependent on a few sectors such as tourism, agriculture and fisheries. International tax cooperation helps our countries attract foreign investment and ensures that multinational enterprises pay their fair share of taxes. Studies have also revealed that SEEDS economies are vulnerable to tax based erosion and profit shifting by multilateral corporations. International tax cooperation as this can help combat these practices by establishing global standards and ensuring that profits are taxed where economic activities occur. Additionally, this UN led effort must create an inclusive and equitable tax system that allows all Member states, irrespective of the size of our economies, to have a voice in global tax governance. This can lead to fairer tax policies that consider the unique challenges faced by small island economies with the intention of addressing knowledge gaps with partners, some of whom had unilaterally categorized and blacklisted our economies. Mr. President, to strengthen international tax cooperation, governance capacity building is a necessity. Most small island economies lack the resources and expertise to effectively administer our tax systems. The UN International Tax Cooperation should be positioned to provide technical assistance and capacity building to strengthen our tax administrations. In relation to decision making, the Committee should be governed by the same rules of procedure which governs the activities of the General assembly and its subsidiary bodies including through conducting vote in case consensus is not achieved. Let me now turn to the choice of the second protocol. While all four protocols listed are important for the purpose of encouraging tax compliance, Fiji, however considers these two protocols favorable to form the second Protocol, namely addressing tax evasion and avoidance by high net worth individuals and ensuring their effective taxation in relevant Member States and measures against tax related illicit financial flows. The justifications of our choice will be provided in our longer statement to be submitted to the Secretariat separately. Finally, in relation to the tor, Fiji supports the structural elements of the Framework Convention, in particular the need to include action oriented commitments to achieve the Convention's goals. I thank you. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [58:40]: Thank you. Distinguishd rigid of Italy. Italy [58:47]: Thank you, Chair and congratulations for the election. Dear Chair, Vice Chair, Distinguished delegates. Italy aligns itself with a statement by Poland on behalf of the member states of the European Union. Italy has a long standing tradition of supporting multilateral tax cooperation. We participated in good faith over the last year to the negotiation of the ADO Committee that developed the terms of reference for a Framework Convention of international tax cooperation. We note that our considerations have not been fully reflected in the final text of the resolution. We also note that the resolution of the Second Committee does not address our key concern which is the consensus based decision making process and which we still advocate. Italy believes that only a broad adherence to the Framework Convention of both developing and developing countries would ensure the achievement of durable results. We approach to the negotiations on the Framework Convention with the aim of promoting an inclusive process at the UN level in the area of international cooperation in order to support the objective of achieving state stability and certainty within the international tax architecture. It's our view that inclusivity can only be reached if decisions are taken on a consensual basis. An inclusive process ensures that the diverse priority of all the participants in the negotiating committee are duly taken into account. Italy strongly believes that the improvement of the international tax system should bid on, on and complement the existing achievements of the international tax cooperation. The international community has been working for a long time on international taxation issues and has explored some paths which could still be pursued. Considering the need for simplicity and feasibility. Italy would like to see an open spirit of compromise in the upcoming negotiations. In general, we see the need for greater clarity on the procedure that will be followed and a fair and open minded process to define the substantial provisions of the Framework Convention and of the Protocols. We do believe that meaningful and durable change to international tax cooperation cannot be done without a clear commitment to finding consensus based solutions and maximizing the the number of implementing jurisdictions. Italy stands ready to actively engage in fruitful discussions aiming at transparent consultation and consensual outcomes. Thank you. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [1:01:36]: Thank you of Japan. Japan [1:01:41]: Thank you, Mr. Chair. Japan, welcome this occasion and congratulated. Congratulate you on your election as Chair. We also extend our congratulations to the Bureau members. At the outset of this session, we would like to share our fundamental views on organizational matters and the second topic of the ARI Protocol. The mission of this Committee is to achieve inclusive and effective international tax cooperation by drafting a Framework Convention. This is an unprecedented challenge for all of us as it is the first ever attempt to formulate a multilateral tax Convention in the history of the un. To ensure successful negotiations, this Committee should seek the best solutions with a flexible mindset. Regardless of the precedence of the un, the decision making procedure will be a key issue in this session. Japan believes that consensus based decision making as seen at international tax agreements is essential to maximize participation in the Framework Convention. There is no reason why this Committee cannot seek consensus through its own decision making rules. Japan Family believes that this point is fundamental. Mutual understanding enables us to delve deeper into subtlety. Therefore, the decision making rules of this Committee must contribute to consensus building. The negotiation process of the Framework Convention should also be genuinely inclusive. During the negotiations, it is important to give non state jurisdictions opportunity to make their voices heard in this Committee. Given their tax autonomy. We believe that consensus based decision making and the inclusion of non state jurisdiction are essential to make the new Framework Convention truly inclusive and effective. Regarding the Secondary Protocol topic, its section will depend on the decision making rules and the scope of the topics. In this regard, the current list of topics should be elaborated to provide further clarity on their scope. Japan believes, as GA Resolution 78-30 emphasizes, that the new Framework Convention should leverage existing strengths and address gaps and weakness in current international tax cooperation efforts and arrangements with full consideration of existing multilateral and international arrangements. Building on this understanding, we expect that the upcoming discussion will clarify the scope before deciding subject of the Secondary Protocol. I thank you. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [1:04:32]: Thank you. Distinguish of United Republic of Tanzania. United Republic of Tanzania [1:04:41]: Thank you. Mr. Chair. Mr. Chair, Excellencies, distinguished Delegates. The United the United Republic of Tanzania aligns with the statement made by Egypt on behalf of the Afghan Group and welcomes the implementation of General assembly resolution 79 to the 5 of 24 December 2024. This is a key step in ensuring sustainable financing through taxation and achieving development goals without leaving anyone behind. Tanzania is committed to actively participating in the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee established under paragraph three of the resolution. We seek a fair and balanced outcome that strengthens efforts to mobilize sustainable and meaningful resources for development. As stated in paragraph 9 of the resolution, existing tools, expertise and institutions should be carefully considered. The Committee should adopt approaches that are fair, practical and sustainable for tax administrations, especially in developing countries. Given the financial and technical challenges that many developing countries face, we call on relevant stakeholders to provide necessary support for their full participation. Tanzania also supports discussions on decision making rules during this session. It is important to establish a clear and inclusive procedures where all Member States have a voice. We should also consider a qualified majority voting system to prevent deadlocks. The process must be fair, ensuring that no single country or small group has veto power over critical decisions regarding the negotiation for the first Protocol under the UN Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation. Tanzania recognizes the importance of developing a standardized approach to taxing cross border services in a digitalized economy. This Protocol should aim to harmonize existing digital services taxes, reduce political and economic uncertainties and provide mechanisms for eliminating double taxation. We support discussions to start on existing frameworks such as Article 12B of the UN Model Tax Convention and listings of developed countries to ensure equitable taxation of digital services. Key components of the proposed Protocol should include clear definitions, taxation rights, administrative rules, dispute resolution mechanisms and mutual assistance in enforcement. Additionally, Tanzania supports efforts to curb tax evasion and liquidity financial flows while ensuring that high net worth individuals contribute their fair share. In conclusion, Mr. Chair, Tanzania reaffirms its commitment to an inclusive negotiation process that ensures fair global tax cooperation for all developed and developing countries. Thank you so much, Mr. Chair. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [1:07:56]: Thank you, Distinguished Delegate of United Kingdom. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland [1:08:06]: Thank you, Chair. Good morning everyone and congratulations, Chair, on your election. The UK looks forward to resuming discussions to strengthen international tax cooperation and we thank you and the Bureau for your work in advance of this organisational session. We believe that there is a role for the UN to play in international tax cooperation and recognise the desire to make progress on this. The UK therefore remains committed to working in partnership with other members and stakeholders to ensure we produce a Framework Convention that receives broad approval from Member States. We believe that it is crucial to make sufficient time during this session to discuss all organisational aspects, including decision making. Resolution 79, 235 made a clear commitment to address and conclude this topic during this organisational session. We understand that UN best practice recommends allocating adequate time to have the needed debate on the given topic. The UK think it is important that the programme of work reflects that the majority of time beyond organisational matters and we think that they should be discussed on each day of the session. Clarity on decision making is fundamental to the further work of this Committee and therefore it is essential that this Committee should now allocate sufficient time to properly discuss it. The uk, like many others, continues to firmly believe that decision making needs to be based on broad consensus in order to be fully inclusive and effective. We welcome the opportunity to discuss this important question over the next few days and will engage constructively with all partners. We hope we can use this session to find common ground and establish a solid foundation before moving on collectively to substantive discussions. Thank you. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [1:09:53]: Thank you, Stengsterget of Germany. Germany [1:10:06]: Dear Mr. Chair, Excellencies, Dear distinguished representatives Esteemed colleagues, Germany aligns itself fully with the statement delivered by Poland on behalf of the EU member States. As a newly elected member of the Bureau, I wish to take this opportunity to sincerely express my profound gratitude for the trust and confidence placed in me by the Committee. I am deeply honored by this responsibility and stand ready to contribute with the utmost seriousness and dedication to the approach. Important work ahead. The process is transitioning into its next step, a step with the aim to contribute toward shaping a fairer, more inclusive and more effective global tax architecture. Germany firmly believes that an enhanced international tax system can play a vital role in fostering economic growth, resilience and mobilizing domestic resources. And with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Germany fully recognizes the complexities and differing perspectives surrounding this process. However, Germany remains confident that through open and constructive dialogue, we can navigate these challenges together and forge common ground. In this spirit, Germany is committed to promoting an atmosphere of trust, trust inclusivity and collaboration, ensuring that all voices are heard and that our shared objectives remain at the heart of the negotiations. Germany will strive to support a negotiation process that is transparent, effective and result orientated, facilitating discussions in a way that strengthens multilateralism and upholds the principles of fairness and equity. Looking ahead, Germany recognizes the importance of defining the next steps with clarity and precision. In this regard, and mindful of the ambitious time frame before us, Germany recalls the need to further delineate the core content of the second early Protocol. By doing so, we can ensure a well structured and meaningful dialogue that paves the way for tangible progress. With great appreciation for the spirit of cooperation that has brought us to this point, Germany looks forward to engaging constructively with all member states and stakeholders in the pursuit of a truly inclusive and equitable international tax framework. Thank you. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [1:12:40]: Thank you. As we are halfway this morning's meeting, I suspend the meeting for 10 minutes. Thank you all. Speaker 41 [1:13:29]: Oh, really, you must not be fast. I don't want to disturb. When did you ride? Yes. Yeah, I know. I'm. I'm happy if anyone. Anyone volunteer. See you later. Right. Policy. It's. I. Sam. It's. It's. It's. Excuse me, sir. It's. That. Sa. Nail. Sam. Ram. It's. It. It's. Where do you get this? Just. It's. It's. It. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [1:36:38]: The meeting is resumed. The floor to the distinguished delegate of Hungary. Hungary [1:36:55]: Thank you. Mr. Chair. Congratulations for your new appointment. Excellency. Distinguished delegates. I would like to fully align with the statement of the Polish presidency. On behalf of the European Union member states and in my national capacity, I would like to confirm that Hungary also shares the objectives of promoting inclusive and effective international tax cooperation. We approach positively to the prospect of a Framework convention and international tax cooperation. At the same time, we also see the need for consensus based decision making process in the inter governmental Negotiating Committee. And we believe that the Committee should exhaust all and every effort in good faith to reach agreement and substantive matters by consensus. We also recall that the coherence of the international tax architecture can only be guaranteed if international tax work and established practices and other fora are also taken into consideration. Thank you. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [1:38:43]: Thank you sten of norway. Norway [1:38:50]: Thank you so much. Chair first may let join others in congratulating you Rami as the election or as being elected as the Chair to steer us through this process as we did during the terms of reference process. You can count on Norway's support and constructive engagement. Both now as elected Vice Chair of the Bureau and also as a Member State participating actively in this Committee, distinguished colleagues and friends, Norway remains committed to strengthening international tax cooperation. We recognize the UN's role in fostering inclusive dialogue on global tax matters. An increase in domestic tax revenue can reduce inequalities, promote growth and contribute in achieving the SDGs. The UN framework Convention can make global tax cooperation more effective and inclusive. Effective international tax cooperation is further crucial to tackle tax evasion and illicit financial flows, which represent significant challenges, particularly for developing countries. However, we need political will, flexibility and constructive engagement from all stakeholders. The UN has a vital role in elevating global ambition on tax matters, including its in building capacity for tax enforcement and tax collection worldwide. The UN also ensures global representation to facilitate inclusive and sustainable international tax cooperation. We should leverage its convening power to create broadly supported and effective solutions. Chair this organizational session represents an opportunity to agree on important topics. A solid foundation for the negotiations ahead requires a shared commitment. We must agree on the structure for decision making that can ensure effective and inclusive negotiations ahead. Clarity on this issue is critical, critical to our success and to ensure the active and flexible approach from Member States that is needed to get us there. We also look forward to deciding on a second early protocol in line with the terms of Reference. Chair as we move forward in negotiating substantive issues, our deliberations must be based on solid, robust analysis. A shared understanding of these problems we seek to resolve is key. An evidence based negotiation process will help develop solutions relevant to the challenges at hand. Furthermore, all relevant voices should be heard. The civil society, the private sector, academia, the media and other stakeholders hold perspectives and expertise that will strengthen our discussions and contribute to a robust outcome. Finally, Chair, Norway continues to believe that this UN process should create synergies with existing mechanisms such as the oecd, the Inclusive Framework and the Global Forum. Norway remains committed to these forums and in particular to the two pillar. Resolution, Coordination and complementarity are essential to contribute to global tax governance and to avoid fragmentation. Strengthening coherence between different processes will enhance the effectiveness of our collective efforts. We look forward to the negotiations ahead for the next years. Thank you, Chair. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [1:43:17]: Thank you, Distinguished Delegate of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia [1:43:22]: Thank you, Chair. Let me start by congratulating you for your nomination as a Chair and we are looking for your leadership. I would like to emphasize the significance of adopting the term of reference as a historic opportunity to establish an inclusive and effective international tax framework that addresses the evolving tax challenges. Inclusiveness should ensure that diverse voices of all Member States are heard and incorporated into agenda setting and decision making. And to be effective, we should approach this process with the spirit of good faith and cooperation, guided by a thorough understanding of the gap in international tax cooperation. To work toward a practical, flexible and reliable solution that provides certainty for taxpayers. We must choose our second early protocol carefully focusing on the most pressing issues we face today. One of these issues is addressing the tax challenges of the digital economy. The rapid digitalization of global commerce has highlighted significant gap in the current international tax rules. And it is our shared responsibility to ensure that those gaps are closed in a way that promotes fairness and stability. Ensuring long term sustainability of this framework. We must respect each member's need, capacities and priorities at different level of development. We believe that robust international cooperation is a key to success. Capacity building will be critical, particularly for developing countries to ensure that they can benefit from the negotiations and implementing the outcome of this agreement. Once finalized, by prioritizing knowledge sharing, technical assistance and resources, we can foster more equitable and resilient global tax environment. While it may not be possible to resolve every issue immediately, we should dedicate time and resources that reflect the complexity of the importance of the work ahead, maintaining open and transparent communication. Also, Member States must be given enough time to review proposals, provide feedback and prepare for the discussions. We remain fully committed to work collaboratively with all Member States and the stakeholder to achieve these objectives. Thank you. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [1:45:37]: Thank you, Distinguish Delegate of China. China [1:45:45]: Thank you, Mr. Chair. I will present the statement in Chinese. First of all, I would like to congratulate you and other members of the Bureau for your election. China will, as usual, actively participate in this process and will support this process. China supports the UN in playing an active role in international tax rules based and international tax coordination and welcomes the efforts made by the UN to promote inclusive and effective international tax cooperation. China is of the view that in order to effectively enhance the inclusiveness and effectiveness of international tax cooperation, in the process of formulating the UN Framework Convention on International Cooperation in Tax Matters and its related protocols, the positions of different countries should be fully taken into account and the positions of Member States should be fully discussed and extensively negotiated so that consensus can be forged to the fullest extent possible and differences can be bridged. Over the past year, in the negotiation of the tor of the UN Framework Convention on International Cooperation in Tax Matters, all parties have increased mutual understandings and trust, laying a solid foundation for future negotiations. China looks forward to strengthening communication and coordination with all parties in the future and working together to promote more inclusive and effective international tax cooperation. I thank you. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [1:47:14]: Thank you. Speaker 51 [1:47:19]: Thank you, Mr. Chair. The following statement is given in our national capacity. Chair Vice Chairs. Firstly, we want to congratulate you on your elections and for all the hard work that you have done in facilitating this dialogue we are having now and in the coming time. In the time to come, we align ourselves with the statement given by the distinguished delegate from Poland. From our perspective, we. We believe that international tax cooperation is important and the work in this rather complex field should be conducted in a constructive manner which focuses on seeking common ground. Our shared objective is to promote stability, certainty, coherence of international tax architecture and being an international community. We also believe that results of our work should reflect an international consensus. We remain committed to engaging good faith in the negotiations and we appreciate the possibility of all Member States to participate and express their views in the negotiations. We believe that only by listening to each other's views and arguments, we will be able to understand the different perspectives of each Member States. Hence, we express our commitment to working together to enhance mutual understanding and and cooperative dialogue between Member States, which, from our perspective, is an essential in any successful negotiations. Thank you. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [1:48:56]: Thank you, Distinguish Delegate of Pakistan. Pakistan [1:49:03]: Thank you, Chair. Congratulations on your election and as well as to the other members of the Bureau, allow me to assure you and the Bureau members of my delegation's full support as we move forward in the process of drafting a Framework Convention and its true early protocols. Reforming international tax cooperation, in order to make it more democratic, transparent, effective and equitable is essential. Undoubtedly, this process provides us with a singular opportunity to not only move towards a just and equitable international tax system, but to prove that multilateralism can succeed and that it can address the major challenges of our time. For OUR delegation the Framework Convention is not only about resolving technical tax issues, but one of ensuring equity and justice. The Framework Convention this Committee will draft must address practical problems in international tax cooperation, how to support countries in exercising their taxing rights and mobilizing resources to invest in the Sustainable Development Goals. It must agree on solutions that can be effectively implemented by all jurisdictions, taking into account their different needs per priorities and capacities to help ensure that taxes are paid where economic activity occurs through rules that are simple and easy, and ensuring fair and equitable outcomes through participation on an equal footing. The adoption of the Terms of Reference last year was undoubtedly a significant milestone towards this direction. Mr. Chair, we have reached this process after three long years of negotiations, starting with a report, then with TORs, and now finally the Convention itself, which will take another three years to finalize. We support a structure for decision making that will ensure that this Committee completes its work within the given time frame without causing delays, while striving for consensus where possible. For us, this can only be definitely achieved through applying the General Assembly Rules of Procedure. We cannot afford any more delays in agreeing on a Framework Convention in the days ahead. We look forward to deciding on decision making on the topic of the Second, Second Early Protocol, and also on how to ensure that this Committee can take forward work done by various existing bodies and improve the gaps in that work as well. We are confident that this process will result in both enhancing the inclusivity and effectiveness of international tax cooperation and will ensure that every country developed and developing, has an equal seat at the table in developing a new international tax cooperation architecture fit for the challenges we face today. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [1:51:25]: I thank you, thank you, Distinguished Delegate of United Arab Emirates. United Arab Emirates [1:51:34]: Thank you, Chair, and congratulations on your election. We count on your leadership for this process. The United Arab Emirates is deeply committed to fostering global economic stability, transparency and fairness and we recognize the critical importance of international tax cooperation. In this Committee, the evolving challenges of the global economy, including tax base erosion, the digitalization of the economy, including the use of crypto assets and increasing cross border transactions, underscore the need for a robust and unified approach to international tax cooperation. It is clear that a collaborative framework, one that ensures equitable but simple tax systems and enhances tax compliance and addresses both developing and developed nations concerns, it is essential for building sustainable economic growth. We believe that a comprehensive framework for tax cooperation built on well thought through tax technical principles, but also fundamental principles such as fairness, inclusivity and mutual respect is paramount for addressing the challenges of tax disputes and inequality inequalities in the global tax landscape. Last but not least, we stress the need to provide as much transparency and certainty as possible for taxpayers and the business community to ensure international tax cooperation results in fewer multilateral disputes, more simplified taxation measures, and above all, encourages economic growth for all taxpayers and nations. The UAE is fully committed to supporting the UN's efforts in developing this framework and ensuring that all nations, regardless of their size or economic status, can equally participate in and benefit from this important process. The UAE looks forward to engaging with fellow member States, exchanging ideas, and working collaboratively during this organizational session to achieve the Convention's goals in a sustainable manner. Thank you. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [1:53:41]: Thank you, Distinguished Delegate of Senegal. Senegal [1:53:52]: Thank you very much. Chair, Excellencies, distinguished delegates. At the outset, I congratulate you, Chair, and all of the members of the Bureau, your elections and I assure you the support of my delegation. Chair Senegal endorses a statement delivered by the African Group and we would like to add the following remarks in national capacity. My delegation is pleased to see the convening of this organizational meeting to discuss the to discuss the Tax Convention on International Tax Cooperation and to discuss the Preliminary Protocol, the second of which is to be selected during this session. Senegal strongly believes in that inclusiveness and effectiveness need to underpin the architecture of the UN Framework Convention on Tax Cooperation and the protocols to be negotiated by the Schedule Committee. Indeed, there's a need to strike a balance between the goal of universal adherence and to carry forward the momentum on a tax mechanism that would have a beneficial, sustainable impact on the mobilization of domestic resources while ensuring fiscal certainty. These are the principles on which our discussion should be grounded as we seek to draft our international instrument. As underscored by the statement of the African Group, success requires transparency and frankness and honesty. My country reaffirms his commitment to contribute constrictively to the work, constructively to the work of the Committee. With that in mind, my delegation invites this committee to be governed by the same principles of transparency, sincerity and realism, which also should be attributes of the instrument to be implemented. Finally, our Committee can draw on practical experience, research and data. I thank you. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [1:56:14]: Thank you, Distinguished Delegate of Brazil, Distinguished Chair, colleagues, We congratulate you, Mr. Chairman, on your election. You can count on Brazil's full support as you guide us through these important negotiations. My delegation warmly welcomes this organizational session as we embark on negotiations for the UN Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation. This moment is particularly critical as we face an unprecedented crisis in funding the Sustainable Development Goals, requiring urgent and coordinated action. We welcome that these negotiations are taking place at the United nations, whose Universal membership ensures all states have a voice in shaping international tax cooperation. Brazil [1:57:11]: While globalization has increased wealth, it has also widened inequality. Developing countries need smart tax strategies to attract poverty, reducing investments without engaging in harmful tax competition. Additionally, the challenges of base erosion and profit shifting could continue to erode domestic revenues, placing the greatest strain on developing countries. The success of this convention will depend on our ability to find common ground. The Chair has a vital role in fostering an environment of open dialogue and mutual understanding. We encourage comprehensive consultations with all delegations to bridge different positions and ensure that all voices are genuinely heard and their views reflected in our outcomes. Brazil has been a strong advocate for addressing tax evasion and avoidance by high net worth individuals. As a second early protocol, there is broad consensus that income taxes should be progressive. The wealthiest should contribute a larger share to the national treasury. However, despite this principle being embedded in most tax systems, it does not seem to apply to billionaires, who usually have the legal and financial means to avoid paying their fair share. Of course, we remain open to engaging with all Member States to identify a protocol topic that commands substantial support across the membership. Brazil stands ready to engage constructively to craft a convention that contributes to a more equitable global economic system. I thank you. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [1:58:57]: Thank you. Thanks. The gate of timor lest. Timor-Leste [1:59:07]: Mr. Chair, thank you for giving me the floor at the outset. Let me congratulate you and other members of the Bureau zero on your election. I assure you of Timor Leste's full support. The Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on the United Nations Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation is a crucial step towards achieving fair taxation, preventing tax evasion and promoting economic stability in an increasing global economy. The Framework Convention should address the challenges faced by developing countries, including small island developing States and small economies, by promoting a fairer, more transparent and efficient global tax system. The Framework Convention should be guided by key principles of tax cooperation, including tax sovereignty, avoidance of double taxation, tax transparency and fair taxation. These principles are essential for ensuring that countries can collect the taxes they are due, while also preventing tax evasion and promoting economic growth. Timoreste believes that one of the key challenges in international tax cooperation is taxing outcome from cross border services. The increasing digitalization and globalization of the economy have made it possible for businesses to operate across borders without a significant physical presence. This has created difficulties for traditional tax systems which struggle to determine where income should be taxed. To address the challenges, countries must explore measures such as digital services taxes to allocate taxing rights based on where the customer is located. We also believe that the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee must provide a platform for all UN Member States to engage constructively and promote a fairer, more transparent and efficient global tax system. The Committee's work is expected to run from 2025 to 2027 to develop a framework convention that leads to fully inclusive and more effective international tax cooperation. Therefore, the participation of all UN Member States is crucial for the success of the International Negotiating Committee. The Committee's work should take into account the the interest of seeds and small economies which face unique challenges in terms of tax cooperation. By promoting a fairer and more transparent global tax system, the Committee can help these countries achieve their development goals. In conclusion, Mr. Chair, the committee's work should be guided by the key principles of tax cooperation and structure should take into account the interest of UN Member States, including seats and small economies. Timor Leste stands ready to cooperate with your team and under your leadership to achieve results that represent the interest of all Member States. I thank you, Speaker 62 [2:02:39]: thank you Distinguished Delegate of Nigeria. Nigeria [2:02:46]: Thank you very much Chair and we congratulate you on your election to steer the work of this process. Your leadership we see it as very crucial to take us to actualize the objectives of having a fair and equality equitable international tax system and Nigeria pledges full support and cooperation in this sendie ever. Nigeria aligns completely with the statement made by the distinguished representative of Egypt on behalf of the African Group and wish to have the following in our national capacity. Nigeria emphasizes the importance of adhering to the established timeline for drafting the UN UN Framework Convention on International Task Cooperation and its two early protocols. While achieving consensus in this process is our preferred approach, we are not unmindful of the differences and diverse views of Member States which may compel recourse to establish UN practices and rules. Flexibility and constructivity engagement of all Member States will be very key in achieving success. We advocate for prioritisation measures, prioritising measures that address tax related illicit financial flows. The protocols are very vital for enhancing transparency, accountability and fairness in the international tax system, benefiting both developed and developing UN economies. We also echo our support for the proposal to hold at least one session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee in Africa. Hosting a session on the Continent underscores the inclusiveness of this process and acknowledges the unique challenges and perspective of all nations. It provides an opportunity for countries in the global south to actively engage, contribute and ensure that the Framework reflects the realities of developing South. Nigeria calls for a transparent, inclusive and consensus driven approach. Every nation's voice must be heard and respected ensuring that the framework that we will eventually develop is equitable and effective. We must avoid practices that marginalize developing countries and instead promote a system where all members have an equal stake in the outcomes. Finally, Chair, Nigeria affirms its commitment to a constructive and fruitful engagement. Through working together, we can establish a fair and equitable international tax system that benefits all. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Chair [2:05:41]: Thank you. Distinguish delegate of Canada. Canada [2:05:49]: Thank. Thank you, Mr. Chair. First, please. Please let me congratulate you on behalf of the Canadian delegation on your election as Chair of this Committee. We are grateful to you for agreeing to take on this role again for the crucial next stage of this important initiative. We would also like to extend or extend our gratitude to the delegations and their representatives who have agreed to serve on the Bureau. We look forward to engaging and working collaboratively with the Bureau and with you, Mr. Chair, to fulfill the mandate of this Committee. Canada fully supports the objective of enhancing domestic resource mobilization capacities by making domestic tax system more efficient and progressive, fighting international tax evasion and avoidance, providing technical assistance to tax administrations, and more broadly, fostering greater international cooperation on matters related to taxation. I would like to reiterate the intention of my country to engage in the upcoming negotiations in good faith and in a constructive manner. We hope that the work that will be carried out over the coming three years will allow us to agree on concrete actions able to effectively address the gaps that exist in international tax cooperation and support progress towards our common goal of better supporting all Member States in their efforts to mobilise domestic resources for economic and social development. In our view, the success of these negotiations will depend on two critical factors. First, there needs to be a clear and continuing commitment from all parties to work together constructively and to make all efforts to ensure broad consensus. Taxation is a sovereign prerogative of each state and the most effective and sensible way to foster international tax cooperation is to ensure that the views of all Member States are giving due consideration so that the outcomes from the negotiation reflect a balanced weighting of interest. Second, timely, sound and comprehensive analysis must guide the work of this Committee so that we can agree on identifying problems and solutions that are based on evidence, implementable and effective. Also critical as we pursue our work in the UN is the participation of international organizations, civil society and other relevant stakeholders. Our delegations have consistent advocated for this from our written inputs to our interventions in the room and will continue to do so in line with the accepted modalities that exist for negotiation, conferences and other meetings at the un. We will pursue efforts on this front to ensure transparency and accountability for the effective participation of all relevant stakeholders, including civil society. As the work continues in the UN on international tax cooperation, we are hopeful that the work of this committee will make an important contribution to the advancement of international tax cooperation that will benefit all states and their citizens. My colleagues and I look forward to constructively collaborating with other delegations to achieve our objective. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Speaker 66 [2:09:14]: Thank you. Distinction of Saint Kitts and Navis Chair Excellencies colleagues St. Kitts and Nevis aligns itself with the statement delivered on behalf of the Caribbean Community. We also applaud the good faith, grace and leadership shown by the African Group. We believe this initiative decolonizes and democratizes the discourse on international tax cooperation. My delegation was pleased pleased to co sponsor and vote resolution 79235 out of the second committee and our push for Vice Chairmanship indicates my government's pledge to do all we can to safeguard our interests, but more than that, contribute to effective and meaningful multilateralism. Saint Kitts and Nevis [2:09:57]: Our meeting at this dynamic and critical moment in human history marked my novel geopolitics and geo economic realities illustrates the necessity of investing in certainty, security and sustainability. Deepening international cooperation must also contribute to financing for development and the overall achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. My presence at this session demonstrates its significance to my small island developing state in the Eastern Caribbean seeking a new way of sustainability in this new industrial and digital age. We must remember that small and vulnerable economies and small island developing states are at the forefront of vulnerability and our negotiations must reflect that reality. Our Federation believes in trading our way to becoming a sustainable island state by 2040 and trust that this process, backed by consensus and outstretched hands, can facilitate our way to this critical national development goal. Speaker 68 [2:10:59]: In the Eastern Caribbean currency union we know fully well the dangers and ruin of unilateral action on socioeconomic growth and therefore congratulate the United nations and our diplomatic and development partners for leaning into this critical development issue at all levels of analysis. Thank you Chair for committing to guide us through this process and and I look forward to learning, networking and working with all of you throughout this week and on this important journey toward attaining results for the people of this diverse, imperfect, yet fundamentally beautiful world. Thank you Chair. Thank you. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [2:11:37]: Thank you, Liget of Lichtenstein. Liechtenstein [2:11:45]: Thank you Mr. Chair, and congratulations on your appointment. Liechtenstein appreciates the opportunity to contribute to the discussions on the Framework Convention as mentioned by the distinguished delegate of Poland. On behalf of the EU and by others, a Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation with the declared objective of being inclusive and recognizing tax sovereignty should require consensus based decisions as a basis for a stable global tax framework. We therefore support modalities that require consensus or the broadest possible agreement among the membership. Furthermore, as emphasized throughout the development of the Terms of Reference, the selection of topics for the early protocols should be based on a thorough gap analysis and common understanding of the issues we want to address. Finally, we stand ready to engage collection constructively in a process that recognizes tax sovereignty, builds on existing initiatives of other relevant fora and allows all Member States to contribute on an equal footing. Thank you very much. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [2:12:55]: Thank you, Distinguished Delegate of Switzerland. Switzerland [2:13:02]: Chairman Distinguished Delegates, thank you for the opportunity to share a few initial thoughts thoughts with you regarding the upcoming work of this Committee mandated with the development of a Framework Convention for the international cooperation regarding taxation. At first I would like to congratulate you, Mr. Chair, and all the other elected officers for their elections. I would like to thank you also and your respective countries for assuming this important, important and difficult tasks and I wish you good luck in your individual roles and also for the functioning of the body as a whole. Current international discussions related to public finances and economic cooperation underline the importance of a rule based and robust multilateral architecture in the field of taxation. The need of of effective and inclusive international cooperation is apparent. Switzerland is committed to this goal and also to contribute to that effect in any suitable forum. Recent developments regarding the taxation of multinational enterprises highlight also the difficulty of finding effective solutions in today's globalized economy. Solutions must be universal, balanced and widely accepted to become effective. The development of solutions requires for this reason a broad consensus based approach. Solutions must also be technically viable in order to become effective. What calls for a systematic and analytic evaluation in detail for this organizational session of the Committee, one priority is therefore, in our view, to establish the decision making modalities that reflect the need of a consensual approach. Another priority in relation to the choice of the topic for a second additional protocol to the Framework Convention should be the development of a common understanding of the problems to be addressed and the respective terminology in a systematic and analytic manner. Furthermore, we also urge to benefit on the way forward from from the existing expertise of the different stakeholders and recall in this context also the particular experience and strength of the United nations in capacity building and domestic resource mobilization. We thank you and we look forward to hold productive discussions with all of you in an open and constructive spirit. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [2:15:40]: Thank you to the distinguished delegate of Bahamas. Bahamas [2:15:46]: Thank you, Mr. Chair. The Bahamas aligns itself with the statement delivered by Suriname on behalf of the Caribbean Community. We also extend our sincere congratulations to you on Your successful election as chair. To Ms. Leslie Kana of Chile on her elections repertoire and to the 17 candidates who were successfully elected as Vice Chair to the Bureau of Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee. As a member of the Bureau, the Bahamas looks forward to closely working constructively with all delegates to craft a framework convention that is equitable and that is just. Mr. Chair, the establishment of an intergovernmental Negotiating committee to develop a UN Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation, along with the two early protocols, represents a significant milestone in our collective efforts to create a more equitable global tax system system. This initiative is especially important for developing countries which have long sought a more inclusive forum to address international tax challenges. For over six decades, the international tax policies as formulated and dictated by the OECD neglected or failed to address the inherent challenges and differences in development dynamics faced by the global South. Developing countries like the Bahamas have grappled with this disequilibrium of the international financial architecture, coupled with inconsistent, biased and contradictory tax policies which have stifled our development and our growth. Fulfilling the mandate of this organizational session, including decision making rules of the Committee and deciding on a second early Protocol, is of critical importance. The Bahamas strongly supports the adoption of a simple majority decision making for the Committee. This approach is not only consistent with the rules of procedure of the General assembly, but it also reflects the democratic spirit of our deliberations. The Bahamas also supports prevention and resolution of tax disputes as a second early protocol. Tax disputes, both domestic and cross border, can undermine the integrity of our tax systems, erode trust amongst countries and impede development in developing countries. The adoption by some countries of arbitrary blacklisting as a dispute resolution mechanism compounds our plight, perpetuating a cycle of economic disenfranchisement. We view blacklisting initiatives as contrary to our right to development and an improper method of dispute resolution. Chair in conclusion, the overwhelming support for General assembly resolution 79235 is a strong indication of Member States desire for transformative change. The Bahamas views this Framework Convention as an essential tool for strengthening the elements of equity and sustainability and balance in international cooperation on tax matters. The Bahamas is proud to serve on the Bureau of this important process and we look forward to engaging constructively just as we did when we drafted the Terms of reference. Thank you, Mr. Chair. Thank you. Thanks, Delegate of Ireland. Ireland [2:18:54]: Thank you, Chair, for giving me the floor. Ireland aligns itself with the statement delivered by Poland on behalf of EU Member States and would like to add some additional remarks in its national capacity. We congratulate the Chair Rapporteur and Vice Chairs on their election to the Bureau and acknowledge the important leadership role they have in guiding this process. Ireland's commitment to multilateralism is unwavering and we support the important role the UN can play in enhancing international tax cooperation so that it is inclusive, effective and ultimately contributes to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals globally. We look forward to positive discussions. Ireland is committed to working in good faith and in a constructive manner. Our approach is based on a genuine desire to promote an efficient and fair process at the UN which will help promote stability in the international tax architecture. We believe that a fit for purpose Framework Convention can only be effective and inclusive if it commands the widest possible level of support amongst members, as we have always maintained. For this to be possible, we must agree decision making rules that support this inclusivity and respect and reflect the views of all participating jurisdictions. In this regard, the key ingredients for the success of our work will be solid technical analysis, consensus based decision making and subject matter that is carefully scoped, coordinated and creates synergies with the many positive aspects of reform achieved at other international fora. The presence of these critical elements throughout the negotiation will help the Framework Convention to have a positive and lasting impact. Their absence would destabilise this important work and risk creating duplication and fragmentation of the international tax system. As constructive participants in these discussions, we look forward to engaging over the coming session to put in place the foundations for the negotiation of a Framework Convention that can be supported by all members. Thank you. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [2:20:48]: Thank you. Thank you. Speaker 77 [2:20:55]: Thank you. Mr. Chair. Our congratulations to you on your election as Chair for this process and to the rest of the elected Bureau members. We acknowledge the dedication and hard work that has been invested so far on this critical matter. We would like to reiterate our concerns that were not addressed in previous discussions. These concerns include the need for greater flexibility in the prescriptive nature of future instruments and protocols. Furthermore, adequate time must be allocated for thorough scoping and analysis before any decision on protocol development are made. Chair, we underscore the importance of broad based support for the Framework Convention which is crucial for maximizing participation and implementation by all parties. We would like to emphasize our desire to work collaboratively towards a future where all voices are heard and where every stakeholder is brought to the table. It is our firm belief that only through consensus, through the broadest support of all members, will we be able to achieve a meaningful tool to address the needs of the global community. Thank you. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [2:22:07]: Thank you to the distinguished. To the distinguished delegate of Republic of Korea. Republic of Korea [2:22:19]: Thank you. Chair. Congratulations on Your election. I'd like to extend my sincere appreciation to all Member States and and the Secretariat for their effort in establishing the UN Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation. While we achieved significant progress last year with the establishment of the Tummobile apparent there is still a long way to go. The challenges before us demand continued commitment and collaboration. I'm hopeful that this meeting will serve as a meaningful step toward shaping more coherent and widely accepted international tax norms. Before we proceed, Korea would like to underscore three key points once again. First, concerning the coherence with existing rules, it is crucial to ensure that the Preema Convention aligns with the established international standard. Since many UN Member States alternative already adhered to these norms, such alignment serves as a minimum standard to prevent unnecessary confusion in implementation. Secondly, second, regarding decision making, the effectiveness and inclusiveness of the Framework Convention can be achieved through consensus based decision making rather than simple majority voting. Given that the Convention will examine various implementation measures, decisions should be based on broad consensus to ensure successful enforcement. Third, on early protocols, we should focus on tasks that can gain widespread agreement within the limited negotiation time frame. In this context, to enhance efficiency, we need clear scope, definition and sufficient analysis in advance, given the varying concepts and conditions across countries. In closing, I appreciate the constructive contribution of Member States. While we have challenges ahead, I'm confident that through continued dialogue and cooperation, we can build more effective and inclusive international tax norms. Thank you. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [2:24:40]: Thank you. Spain [2:24:45]: Thank you, Mr. Chair. I will now speak in Spanish. Firstly, I would like to congratulate you, Chair, and also the members of the Bureau on your appointment. We trust that that the leadership that you have shown since the beginning of these deliberations will successfully lead us to achieving the goals and expected result and we trust in your work to achieve consensus on the expected outcomes. Spain aligns itself with the statement delivered by Poland on behalf of the Member States of the eu and we reiterate our commitment in our national capacity to achieve international tax cooperation that is inclusive and effective, that will contribute to mobilizing domestic resources and also to promote stability and certainty in international financial architecture. Since the beginning of this work at the United Nations, Spain has been very strongly committed to to this work, especially in the work that we are beginning now and we are fully available to participate constructively in this negotiation process for the United Nations Framework Convention on Cooperation in International Tax Matters and its accompanying protocols. We recognise that the primary objective of this Convention is to provide a free framework for global cooperation that is multilateral, with a common understanding of the issues that we are trying to resolve. While at the same time promoting solutions that are broadly accepted and that can be simply applied by all Members. All of this has a high level outcome that favors the mobilization of resources both in terms of formulating tax policy policy and strengthening implementation mechanisms. We share the view that in order to achieve stability, coherence and certainty in international financial architecture, we must have an inclusive, transparent process that is consensus based, that is going to fully respect different perspective and priorities of all of the participating Member States. It should also look to achievements in other fora by consensus. We understand, therefore, that only adoption by consensus can truly ensure inclusivity from the perspective of all of the negotiating parties. The perspectives of all are important in this regard. We also share the view with other EU Member States the concern in relation to the drafting and adoption process of the Framework Convention and the early Protocols. We must have full assessment of any of the views leading us to adopt one or other of the early Protocols. We will be participating in good faith, as we have done so far and actively and openly. We trust that this will be a truly comprehensive process that reflects the interests and positions of all of the Member States here present. Thus, we hope that the decisions that will be adopted will be based on substantive and detailed analysis. Thank you. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [2:28:34]: Thank you, Distinguish Delegate of Kenya. Kenya [2:28:39]: Thank you, Chair. Congratulations to you and fellow Vice Chairs on their election. At the onset, Kenya aligns itself with a statement made by Egypt on behalf of the Africa Group. We welcome the commencement of the Negotiating Committee as provided by this Organization session. This is a critical step toward establishing a Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation, an initiative that holds the promise of enhancing global tax fairness and strengthening international financial integrity. We recognize the efforts made thus far in laying the groundwork for this process, including the adoption of the Terms of reference in August 2024. However, as we as we move forward, it is imperative that we maintain momentum and focus, ensuring that this Convention and its early protocols effectively address the structural iniquities in the current international tax system. As we discuss the organizational matters of this Committee, we firmly believe that the established rules of procedure of the General assembly should apply to this Committee as a subsidiary body of the General Assembly. These rules have worked well for the existing UN Conventions and they should continue to be applied. While consensus is desirable, it must not be used as a tool for delay or obstruction. The Framework Convention and its early protocols should adopt a sufficient scope to address pressing global tax issues. In this regard, the second Protocol to be adopted must be ambitious, addressing issues of the scale and pertinence to a range of countries. This will require goodwill and compromise from all sides. We should also ensure that we strictly adhere to the established timelines for submission of the Convention and its two early protocols. The final text of the Framework Convention and the two Protocols must not be subject to undue delays. Kenya approaches this framework with a firm commitment to multilateralism, transparency and efficiency. The establishment of this Framework Convention must provide a fair, inclusive and legally sound framework that supports all nations in mobilizing domestic resources for development. In conclusion, Kenya believes that this organizational session lays the foundation for a truly transformative tax framework. Our collective efforts must be guided by the principles of equity, efficiency and inclusiveness, ensuring that all nations benefit from a just and predictable international tax system. Kenya remains fully committed to this process and looks forward to engaging constructively with all delegations. Thank you, Chair. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [2:31:23]: Thank you, Distinguished Delegate of Iran. Iran (Islamic Republic of) [2:31:28]: Thank you, Excellency for the for allowing me to joining other colleague and congratulate you and other members of the Bureau for assuming this responsibility. Excellencies. This is an important process that is strengthening multilateralism and international cooperation and the central role of the United Nations. It is a process of achieving justice and equality at global level, helping and empowering Global south to achieve their sustainable development goals, including eradication of the poverty and hunger. We also believe that the voices of all countries in this process must be heard, including those that suffering from unilateral coercive measures and on decision making. Mr. Chairman, my delegation believe that any decision should be made in this process based on the principle of the General Assembly. Thank you. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [2:32:24]: Thank you, Distinguish Delegate of Indonesia. Indonesia [2:32:29]: Thank you, Chair. At the outset, Indonesia, we cease to congratulate you on your appointment as the Chair of this process. Our delegation looks forward to working closely with you and other Member States in the continuation of our work. Indonesia reaffirms our strong commitment to supporting this process, recognizing its vital role in fostering a fairer and more effective global tax system. The challenges of international international taxation require a collective approach, One that is inclusive, transparent and responsive to the needs of all countries, especially the Global South. Chair, the success of this Framework Convention will be measured by its ability to generate equitable and sustainable solutions for international taxation, putting development at its heart. It must address the unique needs of all nations, particularly developing countries, which often face structural challenges in mobile domestic resources. The rapid digital transformation of the global economy has created unprecedented opportunities, but it has also exposed significant gaps in our international tax framework. Moreover, the lack of institutional capacity, technical expertise and resources are challenges that often faced by many developing countries to build a robust domestic domestic tax system. We have to ensure that our negotiations prioritize efforts in addressing these gaps. Therefore, strengthening international tax cooperation should lead to more effective tax collection, curbing illicit financial flows, and ultimately advancing global development objectives without reinventing the wheel, but to enhance the existing modalities and promote coordination among the global nations. For that, we must ensure the inclusivity of the whole process. A Framework Convention that is shaped by all nations, regardless of their economic standing, will ensure that international tax cooperation reflects the realities of our diverse global economy. In closing, Indonesia remains committed to engaging constructively in this process. We will continue to work closely with all delegations to ensure that the Framework Convention is designed in a way that it is fair, effective and well support it. Let us seize this opportunity to create an inclusive international tax system, one that benefits all, Leaving no one behind. Thank you. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [2:34:48]: Thank you. Now we have heard all the speakers on the list of general statements. The committee has thus concluded this statement stage of its consideration of agenda item. Okay, we have last hand distinguish delegate of Tanzania. United Republic of Tanzania [2:35:09]: Thank you, Mr. Chair. Mr. Chair, I apologize for asking the floor for second time. I'm taking the floor. Just to clarify Tanzanian position regarding decision making role. Our position is to use simple majority voting system. I would appreciate if this position be kept on record. Thank you. Egypt · Chair · Rami Youssef [2:35:31]: Thank you. So we have heard all speakers on the list for general statements. The committee has just concluded this stage of its consideration of agenda item 4. Before adjourning, I would like to announce that we will resume consideration of Agenda Item 3 entitled Organizational Matters at 3:00pm this afternoon. A message would be also sent via e delegate. To this effect, the meeting is adjurant.