{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/ru/asset/k1a/k1axh6e8yq?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/ru/asset/k1a/k1axh6e8yq.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k1a/k1axh6e8yq","kaltura_id":"1_axh6e8yq","title":"5th meeting, 2nd session of the IGWG on an optional protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the rights to early childhood education, free pre-primary education and free secondary education.","clean_title":"5th meeting, 2nd session of the IGWG on an optional protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the rights to early childhood education, free pre-primary education and free secondary education.","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1a/k1axh6e8yq","date":"2026-09-02T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-09-02T08:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"02:59:54","category":"Human Rights Council","body":null,"event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":"2nd session","pv_symbol":null,"pv_part":null,"slug":"asset/k1a/k1axh6e8yq"},"metadata":{"summary":"Second session of the Open-ended intergovernmental working group on an optional protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the rights to early childhood education, free pre-primary education and free secondary education","description":"On 10 July 2024, the Human Rights Council adopted resolution 56/5, in which it established an open-ended intergovernmental working group (IGWG) mandated to explore the possibility of, elaborating and submitting to the Human Rights Council a draft optional protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the rights to early childhood education, free pre-primary education and free secondary education.\nThe second session of the IGWG will take place from 31 August to 2 September 2026, in the Assembly Hall, Palais des Nations.","categories":["Meetings & Events","Human Rights Council"],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":[],"corporate_name":["UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL - UNHRC"],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[{"title":"2nd Session IGWG CRC (31 Aug - 2 Sep)","url":"https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/hrc/wg-opcrc-education/session2"}]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"scheduled-74ccf6d8-88d4-4f5b-8110-8569138ca3a7","language":"en","timestamps_flagged":true,"timestamps_note":"UN Web TV re-edited this video after the transcript was created; timestamps may no longer match the current video.","original_duration_seconds":11864,"current_duration_seconds":10794,"data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":845.75,"pageUrl":"/ru/asset/k1a/k1axh6e8yq?lang=en&t=846","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"A very good morning, excellencies, colleagues.","start":845.75,"end":847.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"A","start":845.75,"end":845.83},{"text":"very","start":845.83,"end":846.03},{"text":"good","start":846.03,"end":846.15},{"text":"morning,","start":846.15,"end":846.55},{"text":"excellencies,","start":846.67,"end":847.19},{"text":"colleagues.","start":847.19,"end":847.83}]},{"text":"I understand, of course, it's time.","start":848.47,"end":851.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":848.47,"end":848.63},{"text":"understand,","start":848.63,"end":849.35},{"text":"of","start":850.83,"end":850.95},{"text":"course,","start":850.95,"end":851.15},{"text":"it's","start":851.15,"end":851.39},{"text":"time.","start":851.39,"end":851.83}]},{"text":"We should start now.","start":851.91,"end":852.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":851.91,"end":852.11},{"text":"should","start":852.11,"end":852.27},{"text":"start","start":852.27,"end":852.47},{"text":"now.","start":852.47,"end":852.87}]},{"text":"But I understand colleagues, you know, entering the room.","start":853.75,"end":858.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":853.75,"end":853.91},{"text":"I","start":853.91,"end":853.95},{"text":"understand","start":853.95,"end":854.63},{"text":"colleagues,","start":855.19,"end":855.91},{"text":"you","start":857.19,"end":857.39},{"text":"know,","start":857.39,"end":857.59},{"text":"entering","start":857.59,"end":858.39},{"text":"the","start":858.47,"end":858.59},{"text":"room.","start":858.59,"end":858.95}]},{"text":"And I think it's advisable that we give them just a minute to get them to settle, and then we would start the 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will now call this session, I will now open this session.","start":961.91,"end":966.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":961.91,"end":962.23},{"text":"will","start":962.63,"end":962.87},{"text":"now","start":962.87,"end":963.11},{"text":"call","start":963.11,"end":963.43},{"text":"this","start":963.43,"end":963.95},{"text":"session,","start":963.95,"end":964.39},{"text":"I","start":965.27,"end":965.39},{"text":"will","start":965.39,"end":965.51},{"text":"now","start":965.51,"end":965.63},{"text":"open","start":965.63,"end":966.03},{"text":"this","start":966.03,"end":966.19},{"text":"session.","start":966.19,"end":966.63}]},{"text":"We will continue with the list of speakers, as you're aware, we stopped with the list of speakers 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morning.","start":991.87,"end":995.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":991.87,"end":992.27},{"text":"as","start":992.51,"end":992.63},{"text":"a","start":992.63,"end":992.67},{"text":"result,","start":992.67,"end":993.07},{"text":"therefore,","start":993.07,"end":993.39},{"text":"that","start":993.39,"end":993.55},{"text":"is","start":993.55,"end":993.71},{"text":"what","start":993.71,"end":993.95},{"text":"we'll","start":993.95,"end":994.19},{"text":"continue","start":994.19,"end":994.55},{"text":"with","start":994.55,"end":994.71},{"text":"this","start":994.75,"end":995.07},{"text":"morning.","start":995.07,"end":995.63}]},{"text":"As you know, we were dealing with principles nine and ten of wave one and will continue with the list of speakers this morning.","start":998.99,"end":1013.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":998.99,"end":999.23},{"text":"you","start":999.23,"end":999.31},{"text":"know,","start":999.31,"end":999.79},{"text":"we","start":1000.59,"end":1000.75},{"text":"were","start":1000.75,"end":1000.99},{"text":"dealing","start":1000.99,"end":1001.27},{"text":"with","start":1001.27,"end":1001.43},{"text":"principles","start":1002.87,"end":1003.35},{"text":"nine","start":1003.35,"end":1003.99},{"text":"and","start":1004.71,"end":1004.95},{"text":"ten","start":1004.95,"end":1005.35},{"text":"of","start":1007.19,"end":1007.35},{"text":"wave","start":1007.35,"end":1007.51},{"text":"one","start":1007.51,"end":1007.91},{"text":"and","start":1009.19,"end":1009.67},{"text":"will","start":1010.07,"end":1010.31},{"text":"continue","start":1010.31,"end":1010.79},{"text":"with","start":1010.79,"end":1010.91},{"text":"the","start":1010.91,"end":1010.99},{"text":"list","start":1010.99,"end":1011.27},{"text":"of","start":1011.27,"end":1011.35},{"text":"speakers","start":1011.35,"end":1012.07},{"text":"this","start":1012.95,"end":1013.19},{"text":"morning.","start":1013.19,"end":1013.67}]},{"text":"And on the list we have Cuba, Egypt, Slovenia and Belgium.","start":1015.27,"end":1023.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1015.27,"end":1015.55},{"text":"on","start":1015.55,"end":1015.67},{"text":"the","start":1015.67,"end":1015.75},{"text":"list","start":1015.75,"end":1016.23},{"text":"we","start":1017.35,"end":1017.59},{"text":"have","start":1017.59,"end":1017.99},{"text":"Cuba,","start":1018.27,"end":1018.71},{"text":"Egypt,","start":1020.23,"end":1020.71},{"text":"Slovenia","start":1021.59,"end":1022.31},{"text":"and","start":1023.19,"end":1023.43},{"text":"Belgium.","start":1023.43,"end":1023.99}]},{"text":"That will be the order that the speakers will make their statements.","start":1025.11,"end":1031.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":1025.11,"end":1025.31},{"text":"will","start":1025.31,"end":1025.43},{"text":"be","start":1025.43,"end":1025.75},{"text":"the","start":1025.75,"end":1025.87},{"text":"order","start":1025.91,"end":1026.39},{"text":"that","start":1027.27,"end":1027.43},{"text":"the","start":1027.43,"end":1027.63},{"text":"speakers","start":1027.99,"end":1028.79},{"text":"will","start":1029.43,"end":1029.67},{"text":"make","start":1029.67,"end":1030.07},{"text":"their","start":1030.51,"end":1030.63},{"text":"statements.","start":1030.63,"end":1031.43}]},{"text":"I will start with Cuba, to be followed by Egypt.","start":1033.11,"end":1038.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1033.11,"end":1033.27},{"text":"will","start":1033.27,"end":1033.43},{"text":"start","start":1033.43,"end":1033.83},{"text":"with","start":1034.31,"end":1034.55},{"text":"Cuba,","start":1034.55,"end":1035.11},{"text":"to","start":1035.11,"end":1035.19},{"text":"be","start":1036.15,"end":1036.31},{"text":"followed","start":1036.31,"end":1036.87},{"text":"by","start":1037.51,"end":1037.75},{"text":"Egypt.","start":1037.75,"end":1038.31}]},{"text":"Cuba, you have the floor, please.","start":1039.35,"end":1041.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Cuba,","start":1039.35,"end":1039.91},{"text":"you","start":1040.79,"end":1040.95},{"text":"have","start":1040.95,"end":1041.11},{"text":"the","start":1041.11,"end":1041.19},{"text":"floor,","start":1041.19,"end":1041.35},{"text":"please.","start":1041.35,"end":1041.83}]},{"text":"It doesn't appear -- I'll see if Cuba is in the room.","start":1054.71,"end":1056.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1054.71,"end":1054.83},{"text":"doesn't","start":1054.83,"end":1055.15},{"text":"appear","start":1055.15,"end":1055.51},{"text":"--","start":1055.51,"end":1055.55},{"text":"I'll","start":1055.55,"end":1055.75},{"text":"see","start":1055.75,"end":1055.87},{"text":"if","start":1055.87,"end":1056.03},{"text":"Cuba","start":1056.03,"end":1056.31},{"text":"is","start":1056.31,"end":1056.39},{"text":"in","start":1056.39,"end":1056.51},{"text":"the","start":1056.51,"end":1056.59},{"text":"room.","start":1056.59,"end":1056.83}]},{"text":"We will move to Egypt, to be followed by Slovenia.","start":1056.83,"end":1063.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1056.83,"end":1056.91},{"text":"will","start":1058.23,"end":1058.55},{"text":"move","start":1058.55,"end":1058.95},{"text":"to","start":1059.43,"end":1059.55},{"text":"Egypt,","start":1060.47,"end":1060.87},{"text":"to","start":1061.35,"end":1061.47},{"text":"be","start":1061.47,"end":1061.59},{"text":"followed","start":1061.59,"end":1062.07},{"text":"by","start":1062.15,"end":1062.39},{"text":"Slovenia.","start":1062.39,"end":1063.03}]},{"text":"Egypt, please.","start":1065.19,"end":1065.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Egypt,","start":1065.19,"end":1065.55},{"text":"please.","start":1065.55,"end":1065.99}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Samuel Safa","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair-Rapporteur"}},{"statement_number":2,"start":1066.99,"pageUrl":"/ru/asset/k1a/k1axh6e8yq?lang=en&t=1067","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair Rapporteur.","start":1066.99,"end":1068.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1066.99,"end":1067.27},{"text":"you,","start":1067.27,"end":1067.39},{"text":"Mr.","start":1067.39,"end":1067.71},{"text":"Chair","start":1067.71,"end":1067.95},{"text":"Rapporteur.","start":1067.95,"end":1068.51}]},{"text":"My delegation thanks Your Excellency and the distinguished panelists for your presentation on this cluster.","start":1068.59,"end":1073.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":1068.59,"end":1068.75},{"text":"delegation","start":1068.75,"end":1069.31},{"text":"thanks","start":1069.31,"end":1069.63},{"text":"Your","start":1069.63,"end":1069.79},{"text":"Excellency","start":1069.79,"end":1070.35},{"text":"and","start":1070.35,"end":1070.55},{"text":"the","start":1070.55,"end":1070.63},{"text":"distinguished","start":1070.63,"end":1071.15},{"text":"panelists","start":1071.15,"end":1071.59},{"text":"for","start":1071.59,"end":1071.79},{"text":"your","start":1071.79,"end":1071.95},{"text":"presentation","start":1071.95,"end":1072.75},{"text":"on","start":1072.95,"end":1073.07},{"text":"this","start":1073.07,"end":1073.31},{"text":"cluster.","start":1073.31,"end":1073.87}]},{"text":"Principles nine and ten concern the mandate and the working methods of the working group are central to ensuring that the process remains faithful to the resolution 56 over five and guided by the collective assessment of member states.","start":1074.15,"end":1087.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Principles","start":1074.15,"end":1074.91},{"text":"nine","start":1075.07,"end":1075.39},{"text":"and","start":1075.39,"end":1075.51},{"text":"ten","start":1075.51,"end":1075.71},{"text":"concern","start":1075.79,"end":1076.27},{"text":"the","start":1076.27,"end":1076.39},{"text":"mandate","start":1076.39,"end":1076.79},{"text":"and","start":1076.79,"end":1076.95},{"text":"the","start":1076.95,"end":1077.03},{"text":"working","start":1077.03,"end":1077.39},{"text":"methods","start":1077.39,"end":1077.83},{"text":"of","start":1077.83,"end":1077.95},{"text":"the","start":1077.95,"end":1078.03},{"text":"working","start":1078.03,"end":1078.35},{"text":"group","start":1078.35,"end":1078.63},{"text":"are","start":1078.67,"end":1078.83},{"text":"central","start":1078.83,"end":1079.35},{"text":"to","start":1079.63,"end":1079.75},{"text":"ensuring","start":1079.83,"end":1080.27},{"text":"that","start":1080.27,"end":1080.39},{"text":"the","start":1080.39,"end":1080.51},{"text":"process","start":1080.51,"end":1080.99},{"text":"remains","start":1080.99,"end":1081.39},{"text":"faithful","start":1081.39,"end":1081.87},{"text":"to","start":1082.15,"end":1082.27},{"text":"the","start":1082.27,"end":1082.43},{"text":"resolution","start":1082.43,"end":1082.99},{"text":"56","start":1082.99,"end":1083.55},{"text":"over","start":1083.59,"end":1083.79},{"text":"five","start":1083.79,"end":1084.19},{"text":"and","start":1084.51,"end":1084.75},{"text":"guided","start":1084.75,"end":1085.07},{"text":"by","start":1085.07,"end":1085.23},{"text":"the","start":1085.23,"end":1085.35},{"text":"collective","start":1085.35,"end":1085.87},{"text":"assessment","start":1085.87,"end":1086.39},{"text":"of","start":1086.39,"end":1086.47},{"text":"member","start":1086.47,"end":1086.83},{"text":"states.","start":1086.83,"end":1087.31}]},{"text":"Egypt offered the following observation in this context.","start":1087.55,"end":1090.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Egypt","start":1087.55,"end":1087.95},{"text":"offered","start":1087.95,"end":1088.23},{"text":"the","start":1088.23,"end":1088.35},{"text":"following","start":1088.35,"end":1088.75},{"text":"observation","start":1088.75,"end":1089.31},{"text":"in","start":1089.31,"end":1089.47},{"text":"this","start":1089.47,"end":1089.63},{"text":"context.","start":1089.63,"end":1090.27}]},{"text":"Regarding principle number nine, Egypt recalls the mandate established by resolution 56 over five must be read in its internet.","start":1090.79,"end":1099.27,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"Regarding","start":1090.79,"end":1091.23},{"text":"principle","start":1091.23,"end":1091.71},{"text":"number","start":1091.71,"end":1091.99},{"text":"nine,","start":1091.99,"end":1092.39},{"text":"Egypt","start":1092.47,"end":1092.79},{"text":"recalls","start":1092.79,"end":1093.11},{"text":"the","start":1093.11,"end":1093.27},{"text":"mandate","start":1093.27,"end":1093.67},{"text":"established","start":1093.67,"end":1094.15},{"text":"by","start":1094.15,"end":1094.23},{"text":"resolution","start":1094.23,"end":1094.87},{"text":"56","start":1094.87,"end":1095.43},{"text":"over","start":1095.43,"end":1095.75},{"text":"five","start":1095.83,"end":1096.23},{"text":"must","start":1096.55,"end":1096.87},{"text":"be","start":1096.87,"end":1097.03},{"text":"read","start":1097.03,"end":1097.27},{"text":"in","start":1097.99,"end":1098.23},{"text":"its","start":1098.23,"end":1098.55},{"text":"internet.","start":1098.63,"end":1099.27}]},{"text":"It reflects exploring the possibility of elaborating at submitting a draft optional protocol.","start":1099.75,"end":1106.95,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1099.75,"end":1100.15},{"text":"reflects","start":1101.59,"end":1102.07},{"text":"exploring","start":1102.07,"end":1102.71},{"text":"the","start":1102.71,"end":1102.87},{"text":"possibility","start":1102.87,"end":1103.67},{"text":"of","start":1103.67,"end":1104.07},{"text":"elaborating","start":1104.23,"end":1104.95},{"text":"at","start":1104.95,"end":1105.11},{"text":"submitting","start":1105.11,"end":1105.67},{"text":"a","start":1105.67,"end":1105.75},{"text":"draft","start":1105.75,"end":1106.07},{"text":"optional","start":1106.07,"end":1106.47},{"text":"protocol.","start":1106.47,"end":1106.95}]},{"text":"This element should not be interpreted as establishing an automatic transition from one or two grounds of consultation to a formal drafting.","start":1107.03,"end":1116.39,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1107.03,"end":1107.35},{"text":"element","start":1107.39,"end":1107.79},{"text":"should","start":1107.79,"end":1107.95},{"text":"not","start":1107.99,"end":1108.11},{"text":"be","start":1108.11,"end":1108.47},{"text":"interpreted","start":1108.47,"end":1109.27},{"text":"as","start":1109.27,"end":1109.71},{"text":"establishing","start":1109.71,"end":1110.43},{"text":"an","start":1110.43,"end":1110.63},{"text":"automatic","start":1112.11,"end":1112.55},{"text":"transition","start":1112.55,"end":1113.15},{"text":"from","start":1113.15,"end":1113.43},{"text":"one","start":1113.43,"end":1113.67},{"text":"or","start":1113.67,"end":1113.83},{"text":"two","start":1113.83,"end":1113.99},{"text":"grounds","start":1113.99,"end":1114.39},{"text":"of","start":1114.39,"end":1114.47},{"text":"consultation","start":1114.47,"end":1115.19},{"text":"to","start":1115.19,"end":1115.35},{"text":"a","start":1115.35,"end":1115.43},{"text":"formal","start":1115.43,"end":1115.83},{"text":"drafting.","start":1115.83,"end":1116.39}]},{"text":"The report of the first session records different different views among the delegations regarding the necessity, the added value, as well as the legal and financial implication of a new optional protocol.","start":1116.71,"end":1127.51,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. 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Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"According","start":1136.71,"end":1137.35},{"text":"consideration","start":1138.55,"end":1139.19},{"text":"of","start":1139.19,"end":1139.35},{"text":"the","start":1139.35,"end":1139.43},{"text":"key","start":1139.43,"end":1139.67},{"text":"principles","start":1139.67,"end":1140.31},{"text":"should","start":1140.31,"end":1140.63},{"text":"assist","start":1140.63,"end":1140.95},{"text":"the","start":1140.95,"end":1141.11},{"text":"member","start":1141.11,"end":1141.43},{"text":"states","start":1141.43,"end":1141.83},{"text":"in","start":1141.83,"end":1141.99},{"text":"assessing","start":1141.99,"end":1142.55},{"text":"either","start":1142.63,"end":1143.03},{"text":"such","start":1143.03,"end":1143.35},{"text":"a","start":1143.43,"end":1143.47},{"text":"gap","start":1143.47,"end":1143.83},{"text":"exists,","start":1143.83,"end":1144.23},{"text":"either","start":1144.39,"end":1144.79},{"text":"an","start":1144.79,"end":1144.95},{"text":"additional","start":1144.95,"end":1145.51},{"text":"instrument","start":1145.75,"end":1146.39},{"text":"would","start":1146.39,"end":1146.63},{"text":"be","start":1146.63,"end":1146.83},{"text":"the","start":1146.83,"end":1146.95},{"text":"most","start":1146.95,"end":1147.23},{"text":"appropriate","start":1147.23,"end":1147.83},{"text":"response,","start":1147.83,"end":1148.39},{"text":"It","start":1148.99,"end":1149.15},{"text":"should","start":1149.15,"end":1149.39},{"text":"not","start":1149.39,"end":1149.79},{"text":"by","start":1149.87,"end":1150.19},{"text":"itself","start":1150.19,"end":1150.75},{"text":"be","start":1150.75,"end":1150.99},{"text":"treated","start":1150.99,"end":1151.39},{"text":"as","start":1151.39,"end":1151.87},{"text":"a","start":1151.87,"end":1151.91},{"text":"beginning","start":1151.91,"end":1153.15},{"text":"of","start":1153.15,"end":1153.39},{"text":"a","start":1153.39,"end":1153.47},{"text":"drafting","start":1153.47,"end":1154.11},{"text":"phase.","start":1154.19,"end":1154.67}]},{"text":"Regarding principle number 10, Egypt supports the efficient and effective conduct of the working group with the full awareness of the serious financial constraint facing the United Nations.","start":1155.71,"end":1167.39,"topics":[{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Cooperation","description":"Financing was a major topic, both in relation to states’ domestic capacity and to international support. Speakers discussed UN liquidity constraints, national budget pressures, tax and debt issues, and whether international cooperation obligations should help states expand free education without creating unmanageable burdens."}],"words":[{"text":"Regarding","start":1155.71,"end":1156.19},{"text":"principle","start":1156.19,"end":1156.59},{"text":"number","start":1156.59,"end":1156.91},{"text":"10,","start":1157.39,"end":1157.71},{"text":"Egypt","start":1157.79,"end":1158.19},{"text":"supports","start":1158.19,"end":1158.59},{"text":"the","start":1158.59,"end":1158.75},{"text":"efficient","start":1158.75,"end":1159.31},{"text":"and","start":1159.79,"end":1160.11},{"text":"effective","start":1160.11,"end":1160.59},{"text":"conduct","start":1160.59,"end":1161.07},{"text":"of","start":1161.07,"end":1161.31},{"text":"the","start":1161.31,"end":1161.55},{"text":"working","start":1161.55,"end":1161.99},{"text":"group","start":1161.99,"end":1162.23},{"text":"with","start":1162.43,"end":1162.63},{"text":"the","start":1162.63,"end":1162.75},{"text":"full","start":1162.75,"end":1162.99},{"text":"awareness","start":1162.99,"end":1163.47},{"text":"of","start":1163.47,"end":1163.63},{"text":"the","start":1163.63,"end":1163.75},{"text":"serious","start":1163.75,"end":1164.11},{"text":"financial","start":1164.11,"end":1164.63},{"text":"constraint","start":1164.63,"end":1165.19},{"text":"facing","start":1165.19,"end":1165.63},{"text":"the","start":1165.63,"end":1165.71},{"text":"United","start":1165.71,"end":1166.91},{"text":"Nations.","start":1166.91,"end":1167.39}]},{"text":"Efficiency, however, should remain consistent with comprehensive intergovernmental consideration, consensus building, and the full implementation of the mandate.","start":1167.87,"end":1176.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Efficiency,","start":1167.87,"end":1168.43},{"text":"however,","start":1168.43,"end":1168.99},{"text":"should","start":1169.07,"end":1169.39},{"text":"remain","start":1169.39,"end":1169.71},{"text":"consistent","start":1169.71,"end":1170.35},{"text":"with","start":1170.35,"end":1170.59},{"text":"comprehensive","start":1170.75,"end":1171.47},{"text":"intergovernmental","start":1171.47,"end":1172.39},{"text":"consideration,","start":1172.39,"end":1173.07},{"text":"consensus","start":1173.07,"end":1173.71},{"text":"building,","start":1173.71,"end":1174.19},{"text":"and","start":1174.19,"end":1174.39},{"text":"the","start":1174.39,"end":1174.51},{"text":"full","start":1174.51,"end":1174.71},{"text":"implementation","start":1174.71,"end":1175.47},{"text":"of","start":1175.51,"end":1175.63},{"text":"the","start":1175.63,"end":1175.71},{"text":"mandate.","start":1175.71,"end":1176.27}]},{"text":"The current liquidity crisis also makes it particularly important to assess the financial and institutional implication of any proposed instrument, including its implementation, monitoring, and reporting requirements.","start":1176.83,"end":1188.19,"topics":[{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Cooperation","description":"Financing was a major topic, both in relation to states’ domestic capacity and to international support. 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Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1176.83,"end":1176.91},{"text":"current","start":1176.91,"end":1177.23},{"text":"liquidity","start":1177.23,"end":1177.63},{"text":"crisis","start":1177.63,"end":1178.11},{"text":"also","start":1178.19,"end":1178.51},{"text":"makes","start":1178.51,"end":1178.83},{"text":"it","start":1178.83,"end":1178.99},{"text":"particularly","start":1178.99,"end":1179.67},{"text":"important","start":1179.67,"end":1180.23},{"text":"to","start":1180.23,"end":1180.31},{"text":"assess","start":1180.31,"end":1180.67},{"text":"the","start":1180.67,"end":1180.79},{"text":"financial","start":1180.79,"end":1181.31},{"text":"and","start":1181.31,"end":1181.55},{"text":"institutional","start":1181.55,"end":1182.27},{"text":"implication","start":1182.27,"end":1182.95},{"text":"of","start":1182.95,"end":1183.15},{"text":"any","start":1183.15,"end":1183.31},{"text":"proposed","start":1183.31,"end":1183.75},{"text":"instrument,","start":1183.75,"end":1184.43},{"text":"including","start":1184.75,"end":1185.31},{"text":"its","start":1185.31,"end":1185.47},{"text":"implementation,","start":1185.47,"end":1186.27},{"text":"monitoring,","start":1186.27,"end":1186.87},{"text":"and","start":1186.87,"end":1186.99},{"text":"reporting","start":1186.99,"end":1187.47},{"text":"requirements.","start":1187.47,"end":1188.19}]},{"text":"Limiting its substantive scope may reduce duplication, but doesn't itself establish the need for a new protocol or eliminate the additional burdens it may create for the states or the treaty body system.","start":1188.99,"end":1200.59,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."},{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"Limiting","start":1188.99,"end":1189.39},{"text":"its","start":1189.39,"end":1189.67},{"text":"substantive","start":1189.67,"end":1190.43},{"text":"scope","start":1190.51,"end":1190.83},{"text":"may","start":1191.07,"end":1191.23},{"text":"reduce","start":1191.31,"end":1191.63},{"text":"duplication,","start":1191.63,"end":1192.35},{"text":"but","start":1192.51,"end":1192.75},{"text":"doesn't","start":1192.75,"end":1193.19},{"text":"itself","start":1193.19,"end":1193.63},{"text":"establish","start":1193.63,"end":1194.11},{"text":"the","start":1194.11,"end":1194.27},{"text":"need","start":1194.27,"end":1194.43},{"text":"for","start":1194.43,"end":1194.63},{"text":"a","start":1194.63,"end":1194.67},{"text":"new","start":1194.67,"end":1194.91},{"text":"protocol","start":1194.91,"end":1195.47},{"text":"or","start":1195.63,"end":1195.87},{"text":"eliminate","start":1195.87,"end":1196.35},{"text":"the","start":1196.35,"end":1196.51},{"text":"additional","start":1196.51,"end":1196.99},{"text":"burdens","start":1196.99,"end":1197.47},{"text":"it","start":1197.63,"end":1197.87},{"text":"may","start":1197.87,"end":1198.03},{"text":"create","start":1198.03,"end":1198.47},{"text":"for","start":1198.47,"end":1198.67},{"text":"the","start":1198.67,"end":1198.75},{"text":"states","start":1198.75,"end":1199.15},{"text":"or","start":1199.15,"end":1199.31},{"text":"the","start":1199.31,"end":1199.47},{"text":"treaty","start":1199.47,"end":1199.79},{"text":"body","start":1199.79,"end":1200.19},{"text":"system.","start":1200.19,"end":1200.59}]},{"text":"Egypt therefore considered that the future direction of the working group should be determined collectively by the member state through an inclusive state-led consensus oriented process supported by objective evidence-based assessment that clearly distinguish a possible legal gap from challenges related to implementation, financing, and national capacities.","start":1201.15,"end":1222.35,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."},{"key":"national-contexts","label":"National Contexts and Flexible Implementation","description":"Many delegations underlined that any future standard must be workable across different legal systems, education models, capacities, and development levels. The discussion often drew a distinction between having a common minimum right for all children and allowing states flexibility in how they implement that right."},{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Cooperation","description":"Financing was a major topic, both in relation to states’ domestic capacity and to international support. 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you, Mr. Chair Rapporteur.","start":1222.43,"end":1224.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1222.43,"end":1222.83},{"text":"you,","start":1222.83,"end":1222.91},{"text":"Mr.","start":1222.91,"end":1223.31},{"text":"Chair","start":1223.31,"end":1223.51},{"text":"Rapporteur.","start":1223.51,"end":1224.11}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"EGY","affiliation_full":"Egypt","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":3,"start":1225.63,"pageUrl":"/ru/asset/k1a/k1axh6e8yq?lang=en&t=1226","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the delegation of Egypt and now give the floor to 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Safa","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair-Rapporteur"}},{"statement_number":4,"start":1233.31,"pageUrl":"/ru/asset/k1a/k1axh6e8yq?lang=en&t=1234","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Mr. Chair.","start":1233.31,"end":1234.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1233.31,"end":1233.55},{"text":"you","start":1233.55,"end":1233.63},{"text":"very","start":1233.63,"end":1233.79},{"text":"much,","start":1233.79,"end":1234.03},{"text":"Mr.","start":1234.03,"end":1234.43},{"text":"Chair.","start":1234.43,"end":1234.83}]},{"text":"Many thanks for giving me the floor to comment on work methods and future direction of the working 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days, including the valuable contributions of the many panelists, have shown that while States and other stakeholders participating in this process share the same fundamental objective, which is, of course, advancing the right of every child to education, Some divergent views remain as to the most effective means of achieving 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Slovenia, this is precisely why we believe the exploratory process should remain open and inclusive, allowing sufficient space for further reflection, analysis and consideration of different approaches.","start":1263.91,"end":1274.95,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. 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addition, Belgium welcomes the contribution of all stakeholders to this process, including civil society and members of the Committee on the Rights of the 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diversity of views and expertise they bring enriches the discussion and contributes to a more informed and inclusive 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this remains a state-led process, we do not believe that this should preclude the participation of other stakeholders or the sharing of independent 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one of the strengths of the Human Rights Council lies precisely in its ability to bring together states, treaty bodies, special procedures, civil society and other experts in a constructive 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this regard, we recall that resolution 56/5 explicitly invites States, civil society and all relevant stakeholders, and in addition to the meaningful participation of children, to contribute actively and constructively to the work of the working group.","start":1496.39,"end":1513.75,"topics":[{"key":"child-participation","label":"Children’s Participation in Decision-Making","description":"A recurring theme was the importance of meaningful participation by children in shaping any future education instrument. 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the past days, we have had the opportunity to hear different perspectives of various members of the Committee on the Rights of the 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that spirit, we would encourage the Chair to continue ensuring that the full range of perspectives and expertise and concerns is reflected and appropriately accommodated throughout the 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see we have one expert, Mr. Benoit Casplich.","start":1890.43,"end":1895.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1890.43,"end":1890.59},{"text":"see","start":1890.59,"end":1890.83},{"text":"we","start":1890.83,"end":1890.91},{"text":"have","start":1890.91,"end":1891.39},{"text":"one","start":1891.95,"end":1892.27},{"text":"expert,","start":1892.27,"end":1892.83},{"text":"Mr.","start":1893.71,"end":1894.11},{"text":"Benoit","start":1894.11,"end":1894.59},{"text":"Casplich.","start":1894.99,"end":1895.51}]},{"text":"Yes, you have the floor, please.","start":1896.75,"end":1898.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yes,","start":1896.75,"end":1897.23},{"text":"you","start":1897.23,"end":1897.35},{"text":"have","start":1897.35,"end":1897.47},{"text":"the","start":1897.47,"end":1897.59},{"text":"floor,","start":1897.59,"end":1897.75},{"text":"please.","start":1897.75,"end":1898.19}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Samuel Safa","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair-Rapporteur"}},{"statement_number":14,"start":1900.27,"pageUrl":"/ru/asset/k1a/k1axh6e8yq?lang=en&t=1901","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, sir.","start":1900.27,"end":1902.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1900.27,"end":1900.67},{"text":"you,","start":1900.75,"end":1901.07},{"text":"sir.","start":1902.19,"end":1902.51}]},{"text":"First, to make clear that if I was understood yesterday as not respecting the principle of the responsibility of States in the drafting of an optional protocol.","start":1903.95,"end":1921.87,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. 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must say this is not what I intended.","start":1923.15,"end":1925.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1923.15,"end":1923.31},{"text":"must","start":1923.31,"end":1923.67},{"text":"say","start":1923.67,"end":1923.95},{"text":"this","start":1923.99,"end":1924.35},{"text":"is","start":1924.35,"end":1924.47},{"text":"not","start":1924.47,"end":1924.67},{"text":"what","start":1924.67,"end":1924.91},{"text":"I","start":1924.91,"end":1925.11},{"text":"intended.","start":1925.11,"end":1925.83}]},{"text":"I fully do respect this process.","start":1926.27,"end":1929.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1926.27,"end":1926.51},{"text":"fully","start":1926.51,"end":1926.99},{"text":"do","start":1926.99,"end":1927.31},{"text":"respect","start":1927.31,"end":1927.91},{"text":"this","start":1927.91,"end":1928.35},{"text":"process.","start":1928.35,"end":1929.23}]},{"text":"I am a part of a committee of experts which was requested to participate in discussions and clarify certain points 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the principle say, we would not go back on to provisions that are already guaranteed under international domestic framework, that is 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is clearly non-regression.","start":2498.79,"end":2500.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":2498.79,"end":2499.03},{"text":"is","start":2499.03,"end":2499.19},{"text":"clearly","start":2499.19,"end":2499.51},{"text":"non-regression.","start":2499.51,"end":2500.23}]},{"text":"And I said, Another guiding principle of this work is efficiency.","start":2503.19,"end":2507.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2503.19,"end":2503.35},{"text":"I","start":2503.35,"end":2503.43},{"text":"said,","start":2503.43,"end":2503.99},{"text":"Another","start":2504.55,"end":2504.91},{"text":"guiding","start":2504.91,"end":2505.31},{"text":"principle","start":2505.31,"end":2505.71},{"text":"of","start":2505.71,"end":2505.79},{"text":"this","start":2505.79,"end":2505.95},{"text":"work","start":2505.95,"end":2506.19},{"text":"is","start":2506.19,"end":2506.39},{"text":"efficiency.","start":2506.39,"end":2507.07}]},{"text":"We repeatedly have been raising concerns about the liquidity crisis 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now guarantee free education for pre-primary to secondary levels.","start":2633.87,"end":2638.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":2633.87,"end":2633.95},{"text":"now","start":2633.95,"end":2634.27},{"text":"guarantee","start":2634.27,"end":2634.99},{"text":"free","start":2634.99,"end":2635.55},{"text":"education","start":2635.55,"end":2636.03},{"text":"for","start":2636.03,"end":2636.23},{"text":"pre-primary","start":2636.59,"end":2637.39},{"text":"to","start":2637.63,"end":2637.75},{"text":"secondary","start":2637.79,"end":2638.35},{"text":"levels.","start":2638.35,"end":2638.91}]},{"text":"Yes, I agree, much of it is really on political 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me read 11/1.","start":2932.71,"end":2933.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":2932.71,"end":2932.83},{"text":"me","start":2932.83,"end":2933.03},{"text":"read","start":2933.03,"end":2933.19},{"text":"11/1.","start":2933.19,"end":2933.67}]},{"text":"decides to establish an open-ended working group of the Human Rights Council to explore the possibility of elaborating an optional protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child to provide for communications procedure complementary to the reporting procedure under the 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you now see that resolution 11/1 do not in fact have a drafting outright mandate?","start":2955.88,"end":2965.56,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Do","start":2955.88,"end":2956.04},{"text":"you","start":2956.04,"end":2956.12},{"text":"now","start":2956.12,"end":2956.28},{"text":"see","start":2956.28,"end":2956.76},{"text":"that","start":2957.4,"end":2957.72},{"text":"resolution","start":2958.92,"end":2959.48},{"text":"11/1","start":2959.48,"end":2960.28},{"text":"do","start":2960.52,"end":2960.68},{"text":"not","start":2960.68,"end":2960.92},{"text":"in","start":2960.92,"end":2961.08},{"text":"fact","start":2961.08,"end":2961.56},{"text":"have","start":2962.04,"end":2962.28},{"text":"a","start":2962.28,"end":2962.36},{"text":"drafting","start":2962.36,"end":2962.8},{"text":"outright","start":2964.04,"end":2964.6},{"text":"mandate?","start":2964.92,"end":2965.56}]},{"text":"This is the process that we are largely relying on or we are building on 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this resolution was adopted in 2009, on the 16th of September, 2009.","start":3059.11,"end":3067.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3059.11,"end":3059.27},{"text":"this","start":3059.27,"end":3059.51},{"text":"resolution","start":3059.51,"end":3060.07},{"text":"was","start":3060.07,"end":3060.31},{"text":"adopted","start":3060.31,"end":3060.87},{"text":"in","start":3060.87,"end":3061.03},{"text":"2009,","start":3061.03,"end":3061.99},{"text":"on","start":3064.55,"end":3064.63},{"text":"the","start":3064.63,"end":3064.75},{"text":"16th","start":3064.75,"end":3065.35},{"text":"of","start":3065.67,"end":3065.75},{"text":"September,","start":3065.75,"end":3066.39},{"text":"2009.","start":3066.39,"end":3067.35}]},{"text":"That was when the resolution was 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there was also a question with respect to if you adopt one resolution, one option.","start":3945.47,"end":3955,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now,","start":3945.47,"end":3945.79},{"text":"there","start":3945.95,"end":3946.11},{"text":"was","start":3946.11,"end":3946.27},{"text":"also","start":3946.27,"end":3946.47},{"text":"a","start":3946.47,"end":3946.51},{"text":"question","start":3946.51,"end":3946.91},{"text":"with","start":3946.91,"end":3947.07},{"text":"respect","start":3947.07,"end":3947.43},{"text":"to","start":3947.43,"end":3947.71},{"text":"if","start":3950.27,"end":3950.47},{"text":"you","start":3950.47,"end":3950.59},{"text":"adopt","start":3950.59,"end":3951.23},{"text":"one","start":3952.75,"end":3953.11},{"text":"resolution,","start":3953.11,"end":3953.79},{"text":"one","start":3954.27,"end":3954.59},{"text":"option.","start":3954.59,"end":3955}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"To call whether you'll be bound by the 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Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."},{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":5047.79,"end":5047.91},{"text":"this","start":5047.91,"end":5048.03},{"text":"reason,","start":5048.03,"end":5048.35},{"text":"guaranteeing","start":5048.35,"end":5048.75},{"text":"access","start":5048.75,"end":5048.99},{"text":"to","start":5048.99,"end":5049.11},{"text":"education","start":5049.11,"end":5049.79},{"text":"from","start":5049.79,"end":5050.27},{"text":"the","start":5050.27,"end":5050.35},{"text":"early","start":5050.35,"end":5050.59},{"text":"childhood","start":5050.59,"end":5050.99},{"text":"stage","start":5050.99,"end":5051.55},{"text":"is","start":5052.03,"end":5052.35},{"text":"a","start":5052.35,"end":5052.43},{"text":"way","start":5052.43,"end":5052.75},{"text":"to","start":5052.75,"end":5053.07},{"text":"move","start":5053.07,"end":5053.63},{"text":"towards","start":5053.63,"end":5054.19},{"text":"greater","start":5054.35,"end":5054.79},{"text":"equality.","start":5054.79,"end":5055.47}]},{"text":"And specifically because the decisions made on this right will have a direct impact on our lives, it has been so important that girls, boys, and teens, we have been able to participate in this process.","start":5057.07,"end":5070.03,"topics":[{"key":"child-participation","label":"Children’s Participation in Decision-Making","description":"A recurring theme was the importance of meaningful participation by children in shaping any future education instrument. Speakers argued that children should not only be consulted symbolically, but should continue to influence the process because the outcomes will directly affect their lives."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5057.07,"end":5057.27},{"text":"specifically","start":5057.27,"end":5058.03},{"text":"because","start":5058.03,"end":5058.43},{"text":"the","start":5058.43,"end":5058.55},{"text":"decisions","start":5058.55,"end":5059.15},{"text":"made","start":5059.15,"end":5059.55},{"text":"on","start":5059.55,"end":5059.79},{"text":"this","start":5059.79,"end":5060.03},{"text":"right","start":5060.03,"end":5060.35},{"text":"will","start":5060.35,"end":5060.51},{"text":"have","start":5060.51,"end":5060.79},{"text":"a","start":5060.79,"end":5060.83},{"text":"direct","start":5060.83,"end":5061.39},{"text":"impact","start":5061.39,"end":5061.95},{"text":"on","start":5061.95,"end":5062.11},{"text":"our","start":5062.11,"end":5062.19},{"text":"lives,","start":5062.19,"end":5062.83},{"text":"it","start":5063.23,"end":5063.39},{"text":"has","start":5063.39,"end":5063.63},{"text":"been","start":5063.63,"end":5063.87},{"text":"so","start":5063.87,"end":5063.99},{"text":"important","start":5063.99,"end":5064.67},{"text":"that","start":5064.75,"end":5064.91},{"text":"girls,","start":5064.91,"end":5065.31},{"text":"boys,","start":5065.31,"end":5065.71},{"text":"and","start":5065.71,"end":5065.87},{"text":"teens,","start":5065.87,"end":5066.43},{"text":"we","start":5067.31,"end":5067.79},{"text":"have","start":5067.79,"end":5068.03},{"text":"been","start":5068.03,"end":5068.19},{"text":"able","start":5068.19,"end":5068.35},{"text":"to","start":5068.35,"end":5068.47},{"text":"participate","start":5068.47,"end":5069.15},{"text":"in","start":5069.15,"end":5069.35},{"text":"this","start":5069.35,"end":5069.55},{"text":"process.","start":5069.55,"end":5070.03}]},{"text":"For this reason, I would like to briefly share what it has meant for us to be here today.","start":5070.03,"end":5075.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":5070.03,"end":5070.15},{"text":"this","start":5070.27,"end":5070.55},{"text":"reason,","start":5070.55,"end":5070.79},{"text":"I","start":5070.79,"end":5070.83},{"text":"would","start":5070.83,"end":5070.95},{"text":"like","start":5070.95,"end":5071.07},{"text":"to","start":5071.07,"end":5071.15},{"text":"briefly","start":5071.15,"end":5071.55},{"text":"share","start":5071.55,"end":5071.87},{"text":"what","start":5071.87,"end":5072.27},{"text":"it","start":5073.31,"end":5073.55},{"text":"has","start":5073.55,"end":5073.71},{"text":"meant","start":5073.71,"end":5073.95},{"text":"for","start":5073.95,"end":5074.11},{"text":"us","start":5074.11,"end":5074.35},{"text":"to","start":5074.35,"end":5074.55},{"text":"be","start":5074.55,"end":5074.75},{"text":"here","start":5074.75,"end":5075.07},{"text":"today.","start":5075.07,"end":5075.47}]},{"text":"Being here has been a deeply important experience.","start":5076.83,"end":5080.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Being","start":5076.83,"end":5077.07},{"text":"here","start":5077.07,"end":5077.27},{"text":"has","start":5077.27,"end":5077.39},{"text":"been","start":5077.39,"end":5077.95},{"text":"a","start":5078.83,"end":5078.87},{"text":"deeply","start":5078.87,"end":5079.31},{"text":"important","start":5079.31,"end":5079.71},{"text":"experience.","start":5079.71,"end":5080.19}]},{"text":"It's an historic experience.","start":5080.19,"end":5081.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":5080.19,"end":5080.43},{"text":"an","start":5080.43,"end":5080.51},{"text":"historic","start":5080.51,"end":5081.07},{"text":"experience.","start":5081.07,"end":5081.67}]},{"text":"We come from different countries, different regions, and different contexts.","start":5081.67,"end":5085.15,"topics":[{"key":"national-contexts","label":"National Contexts and Flexible Implementation","description":"Many delegations underlined that any future standard must be workable across different legal systems, education models, capacities, and development levels. 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Speakers argued that children should not only be consulted symbolically, but should continue to influence the process because the outcomes will directly affect their lives."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5286.31,"end":5286.43},{"text":"is","start":5286.43,"end":5286.55},{"text":"for","start":5286.55,"end":5286.71},{"text":"that","start":5286.71,"end":5286.95},{"text":"reason","start":5286.95,"end":5287.35},{"text":"that","start":5287.35,"end":5287.51},{"text":"I","start":5287.51,"end":5287.55},{"text":"firmly","start":5287.55,"end":5288.23},{"text":"believe","start":5288.23,"end":5288.87},{"text":"that","start":5288.87,"end":5288.99},{"text":"there","start":5288.99,"end":5289.27},{"text":"are","start":5289.83,"end":5289.99},{"text":"no","start":5289.99,"end":5290.15},{"text":"better","start":5290.15,"end":5290.47},{"text":"specialists","start":5290.47,"end":5291.51},{"text":"on","start":5291.83,"end":5291.99},{"text":"children","start":5291.99,"end":5292.47},{"text":"and","start":5292.47,"end":5292.59},{"text":"youth","start":5292.63,"end":5292.95},{"text":"and","start":5292.95,"end":5293.51},{"text":"teens","start":5293.51,"end":5294.15},{"text":"than","start":5294.39,"end":5294.87},{"text":"the","start":5294.87,"end":5294.99},{"text":"boys,","start":5295.59,"end":5295.91},{"text":"girls,","start":5295.91,"end":5296.23},{"text":"and","start":5296.23,"end":5296.35},{"text":"teens.","start":5296.35,"end":5296.79}]},{"text":"I thank you kindly.","start":5297.27,"end":5298.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5297.27,"end":5297.43},{"text":"thank","start":5297.43,"end":5297.67},{"text":"you","start":5297.67,"end":5297.79},{"text":"kindly.","start":5297.79,"end":5298.19}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Karen","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Child representative"}},{"statement_number":17,"start":5305.67,"pageUrl":"/ru/asset/k1a/k1axh6e8yq?lang=en&t=5306","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Karen.","start":5305.67,"end":5306.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5305.67,"end":5305.83},{"text":"you,","start":5305.83,"end":5305.91},{"text":"Karen.","start":5305.91,"end":5306.39}]},{"text":"Looking back at the discussions, I think one of the most interesting parts was seeing how differently states approached the idea of a new optional protocol on the right to education.","start":5307.03,"end":5315.59,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. 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This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":5316.47,"end":5316.67},{"text":"was","start":5316.67,"end":5316.79},{"text":"clearly","start":5316.79,"end":5317.27},{"text":"a","start":5317.27,"end":5317.31},{"text":"lot","start":5317.31,"end":5317.51},{"text":"of","start":5317.51,"end":5317.59},{"text":"support","start":5317.59,"end":5318.15},{"text":"for","start":5318.47,"end":5318.63},{"text":"the","start":5318.63,"end":5318.75},{"text":"importance","start":5318.75,"end":5319.23},{"text":"of","start":5319.23,"end":5319.35},{"text":"education","start":5319.35,"end":5320.07},{"text":"and","start":5320.23,"end":5320.43},{"text":"for","start":5320.43,"end":5320.55},{"text":"making","start":5320.55,"end":5320.87},{"text":"sure","start":5320.87,"end":5321.11},{"text":"that","start":5321.11,"end":5321.27},{"text":"every","start":5321.27,"end":5321.59},{"text":"child","start":5321.59,"end":5321.83},{"text":"can","start":5321.83,"end":5321.99},{"text":"access","start":5321.99,"end":5322.47},{"text":"it.","start":5322.47,"end":5322.55}]},{"text":"At the same time, there were many concerns about whether a common standard would work for all countries, whether a new protocol is necessary, and how realistic the process and the timeline would be.","start":5323.67,"end":5333.91,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. 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The discussion often drew a distinction between having a common minimum right for all children and allowing states flexibility in how they implement that right."}],"words":[{"text":"One","start":5344.23,"end":5344.47},{"text":"concern","start":5344.47,"end":5345.03},{"text":"that","start":5345.03,"end":5345.27},{"text":"came","start":5345.27,"end":5345.59},{"text":"up","start":5345.59,"end":5345.75},{"text":"was","start":5346.07,"end":5346.39},{"text":"different","start":5346.47,"end":5346.87},{"text":"national","start":5346.87,"end":5347.23},{"text":"contexts","start":5347.23,"end":5347.91},{"text":"could","start":5348.39,"end":5348.59},{"text":"make","start":5348.59,"end":5348.87},{"text":"it","start":5348.87,"end":5348.99},{"text":"difficult","start":5348.99,"end":5349.71},{"text":"to","start":5349.71,"end":5349.79},{"text":"establish","start":5349.79,"end":5350.23},{"text":"one","start":5350.23,"end":5350.47},{"text":"common","start":5350.47,"end":5350.87},{"text":"standard.","start":5350.87,"end":5351.31}]},{"text":"I agree that states have different resources and education systems, but I don't think that this should prevent us from establishing a common minimum right.","start":5352.23,"end":5360.15,"topics":[{"key":"national-contexts","label":"National Contexts and Flexible Implementation","description":"Many delegations underlined that any future standard must be workable across different legal systems, education models, capacities, and development levels. 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The discussion often drew a distinction between having a common minimum right for all children and allowing states flexibility in how they implement that right."}],"words":[{"text":"Flexibility","start":5360.91,"end":5361.83},{"text":"should","start":5361.91,"end":5362.19},{"text":"apply","start":5362.19,"end":5362.55},{"text":"to","start":5362.55,"end":5362.67},{"text":"how","start":5362.67,"end":5362.95},{"text":"states","start":5362.95,"end":5363.35},{"text":"achieve","start":5363.55,"end":5363.91},{"text":"the","start":5363.91,"end":5364.03},{"text":"right,","start":5364.03,"end":5364.39},{"text":"not","start":5364.83,"end":5365.11},{"text":"whether","start":5365.11,"end":5365.43},{"text":"children","start":5365.43,"end":5366.03},{"text":"are","start":5366.03,"end":5366.23},{"text":"entitled","start":5366.23,"end":5366.79},{"text":"to","start":5366.79,"end":5366.91},{"text":"it.","start":5366.91,"end":5367.07}]},{"text":"For me, this distinction is really important.","start":5368.03,"end":5371.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":5368.03,"end":5368.15},{"text":"me,","start":5368.15,"end":5368.43},{"text":"this","start":5368.83,"end":5369.47},{"text":"distinction","start":5369.47,"end":5370.27},{"text":"is","start":5370.27,"end":5370.43},{"text":"really","start":5370.43,"end":5370.63},{"text":"important.","start":5370.63,"end":5371.19}]},{"text":"States should have flexibility in how they implement the right to education.","start":5371.87,"end":5375.55,"topics":[{"key":"national-contexts","label":"National Contexts and Flexible Implementation","description":"Many delegations underlined that any future standard must be workable across different legal systems, education models, capacities, and development levels. The discussion often drew a distinction between having a common minimum right for all children and allowing states flexibility in how they implement that right."}],"words":[{"text":"States","start":5371.87,"end":5372.47},{"text":"should","start":5372.47,"end":5372.59},{"text":"have","start":5372.59,"end":5372.71},{"text":"flexibility","start":5372.71,"end":5373.55},{"text":"in","start":5373.55,"end":5373.71},{"text":"how","start":5373.71,"end":5373.87},{"text":"they","start":5373.87,"end":5373.99},{"text":"implement","start":5373.99,"end":5374.47},{"text":"the","start":5374.47,"end":5374.55},{"text":"right","start":5374.55,"end":5374.79},{"text":"to","start":5374.79,"end":5374.87},{"text":"education.","start":5374.87,"end":5375.55}]},{"text":"Different countries may need different policies, approaches and resources depending on their national circumstances.","start":5375.99,"end":5382.03,"topics":[{"key":"national-contexts","label":"National Contexts and Flexible Implementation","description":"Many delegations underlined that any future standard must be workable across different legal systems, education models, capacities, and development levels. The discussion often drew a distinction between having a common minimum right for all children and allowing states flexibility in how they implement that right."}],"words":[{"text":"Different","start":5375.99,"end":5376.35},{"text":"countries","start":5376.35,"end":5376.83},{"text":"may","start":5376.91,"end":5377.15},{"text":"need","start":5377.15,"end":5377.35},{"text":"different","start":5377.35,"end":5377.67},{"text":"policies,","start":5377.67,"end":5378.27},{"text":"approaches","start":5378.51,"end":5379.23},{"text":"and","start":5379.23,"end":5379.43},{"text":"resources","start":5379.43,"end":5380.15},{"text":"depending","start":5380.15,"end":5380.63},{"text":"on","start":5380.63,"end":5380.71},{"text":"their","start":5380.71,"end":5380.83},{"text":"national","start":5380.83,"end":5381.19},{"text":"circumstances.","start":5381.19,"end":5382.03}]},{"text":"But the basic right should not depend on where a child happens to be born.","start":5382.75,"end":5386.51,"topics":[{"key":"national-contexts","label":"National Contexts and Flexible Implementation","description":"Many delegations underlined that any future standard must be workable across different legal systems, education models, capacities, and development levels. The discussion often drew a distinction between having a common minimum right for all children and allowing states flexibility in how they implement that right."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":5382.75,"end":5382.91},{"text":"the","start":5382.91,"end":5383.03},{"text":"basic","start":5383.03,"end":5383.47},{"text":"right","start":5383.47,"end":5383.87},{"text":"should","start":5383.87,"end":5384.07},{"text":"not","start":5384.07,"end":5384.23},{"text":"depend","start":5384.23,"end":5384.75},{"text":"on","start":5384.75,"end":5384.91},{"text":"where","start":5384.91,"end":5385.11},{"text":"a","start":5385.11,"end":5385.15},{"text":"child","start":5385.15,"end":5385.51},{"text":"happens","start":5385.51,"end":5385.87},{"text":"to","start":5385.87,"end":5386.03},{"text":"be","start":5386.03,"end":5386.11},{"text":"born.","start":5386.11,"end":5386.51}]},{"text":"A child should not have a weaker right to education simply because their country has fewer resources or different education system.","start":5387.43,"end":5394.95,"topics":[{"key":"national-contexts","label":"National Contexts and Flexible Implementation","description":"Many delegations underlined that any future standard must be workable across different legal systems, education models, capacities, and development levels. The discussion often drew a distinction between having a common minimum right for all children and allowing states flexibility in how they implement that right."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":5387.43,"end":5387.47},{"text":"child","start":5387.47,"end":5387.91},{"text":"should","start":5387.91,"end":5388.11},{"text":"not","start":5388.11,"end":5388.27},{"text":"have","start":5388.31,"end":5388.51},{"text":"a","start":5388.51,"end":5388.55},{"text":"weaker","start":5388.55,"end":5388.99},{"text":"right","start":5388.99,"end":5389.15},{"text":"to","start":5389.15,"end":5389.23},{"text":"education","start":5389.23,"end":5389.99},{"text":"simply","start":5390.15,"end":5390.55},{"text":"because","start":5390.55,"end":5390.95},{"text":"their","start":5390.95,"end":5391.43},{"text":"country","start":5391.43,"end":5391.91},{"text":"has","start":5391.91,"end":5392.23},{"text":"fewer","start":5392.23,"end":5392.55},{"text":"resources","start":5392.55,"end":5393.19},{"text":"or","start":5393.43,"end":5393.59},{"text":"different","start":5393.59,"end":5393.99},{"text":"education","start":5393.99,"end":5394.47},{"text":"system.","start":5394.47,"end":5394.95}]},{"text":"So I think the protocol should establish a clear, common minimum standard while still recognizing that states may take different paths towards achieving it.","start":5395.75,"end":5405.27,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. 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Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"Another","start":5510.99,"end":5511.27},{"text":"point","start":5511.27,"end":5511.67},{"text":"that","start":5511.67,"end":5511.91},{"text":"I","start":5511.91,"end":5511.99},{"text":"found","start":5511.99,"end":5512.19},{"text":"particularly","start":5512.19,"end":5512.75},{"text":"important","start":5512.75,"end":5513.27},{"text":"was","start":5513.75,"end":5513.99},{"text":"the","start":5513.99,"end":5514.07},{"text":"argument","start":5514.07,"end":5514.59},{"text":"that","start":5514.59,"end":5514.71},{"text":"the","start":5514.87,"end":5514.99},{"text":"problem","start":5515.03,"end":5515.39},{"text":"is","start":5515.39,"end":5515.47},{"text":"implementation,","start":5515.47,"end":5516.39},{"text":"not","start":5516.55,"end":5516.75},{"text":"a","start":5516.75,"end":5516.79},{"text":"legal","start":5516.79,"end":5517.11},{"text":"gap.","start":5517.11,"end":5517.43}]},{"text":"This came up particularly from states that were more cautious about the protocol.","start":5518.47,"end":5522.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5518.47,"end":5518.71},{"text":"came","start":5518.71,"end":5519.03},{"text":"up","start":5519.03,"end":5519.31},{"text":"particularly","start":5519.31,"end":5519.95},{"text":"from","start":5519.95,"end":5520.11},{"text":"states","start":5520.11,"end":5520.55},{"text":"that","start":5520.55,"end":5520.71},{"text":"were","start":5520.71,"end":5520.87},{"text":"more","start":5520.87,"end":5521.19},{"text":"cautious","start":5521.19,"end":5521.59},{"text":"about","start":5521.59,"end":5521.79},{"text":"the","start":5521.79,"end":5521.87},{"text":"protocol.","start":5521.87,"end":5522.39}]},{"text":"I understand the argument.","start":5523.11,"end":5524.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5523.11,"end":5523.23},{"text":"understand","start":5523.23,"end":5523.71},{"text":"the","start":5523.71,"end":5523.79},{"text":"argument.","start":5523.79,"end":5524.39}]},{"text":"We already have international commitments recognizing the right to education, and in many countries the challenge is not necessarily the absence of laws, but the failure to implement them properly.","start":5524.79,"end":5535.07,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. 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Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":5554.11,"end":5554.19},{"text":"protocol","start":5554.19,"end":5554.91},{"text":"could","start":5555.15,"end":5555.35},{"text":"provide","start":5555.39,"end":5555.75},{"text":"the","start":5555.75,"end":5555.83},{"text":"standard","start":5555.83,"end":5556.43},{"text":"that","start":5556.43,"end":5556.59},{"text":"states","start":5556.59,"end":5557.15},{"text":"are","start":5557.31,"end":5557.47},{"text":"then","start":5557.47,"end":5557.79},{"text":"expected","start":5558.03,"end":5558.63},{"text":"to","start":5558.63,"end":5558.71},{"text":"implement.","start":5558.71,"end":5559.23}]},{"text":"For me, it is therefore not a choice between having a legal framework and implementing it.","start":5561.55,"end":5566.43,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. 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Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"Existing","start":5585.15,"end":5585.71},{"text":"frameworks","start":5585.71,"end":5586.35},{"text":"are","start":5586.43,"end":5586.59},{"text":"already","start":5586.59,"end":5586.95},{"text":"enough.","start":5586.95,"end":5587.23}]},{"text":"Some states questioned what additional value a new protocol would bring if the right to education is already recognized in existing international frameworks.","start":5588.19,"end":5596.83,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. 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complicated.","start":5681.87,"end":5685.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5681.87,"end":5682.03},{"text":"understand","start":5682.03,"end":5682.71},{"text":"that","start":5682.71,"end":5682.95},{"text":"creating","start":5682.95,"end":5683.39},{"text":"an","start":5683.43,"end":5683.55},{"text":"international","start":5683.55,"end":5684.31},{"text":"legal","start":5684.31,"end":5684.59},{"text":"instrument","start":5684.59,"end":5685.15},{"text":"is","start":5685.15,"end":5685.31},{"text":"complicated.","start":5685.31,"end":5685.95}]},{"text":"I understand that States need to discuss, negotiate and find common ground.","start":5686.67,"end":5691.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5686.67,"end":5686.75},{"text":"understand","start":5686.75,"end":5687.27},{"text":"that","start":5687.27,"end":5687.39},{"text":"States","start":5687.39,"end":5687.87},{"text":"need","start":5687.87,"end":5688.07},{"text":"to","start":5688.07,"end":5688.19},{"text":"discuss,","start":5688.19,"end":5688.83},{"text":"negotiate","start":5688.91,"end":5689.71},{"text":"and","start":5689.79,"end":5690.03},{"text":"find","start":5690.03,"end":5690.27},{"text":"common","start":5690.27,"end":5690.59},{"text":"ground.","start":5690.59,"end":5691.07}]},{"text":"But I also believe that we should not allow the complexity of the process to make us lose sight of the reason why we are doing it in the first place.","start":5692.35,"end":5700.27,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current 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Good morning, everyone.","start":5836.32,"end":5838.56,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5836.32,"end":5836.6},{"text":"you,","start":5836.6,"end":5836.72},{"text":"Lana.","start":5836.72,"end":5837.12},{"text":"Good","start":5837.6,"end":5837.72},{"text":"morning,","start":5837.72,"end":5838.04},{"text":"everyone.","start":5838.04,"end":5838.56}]},{"text":"My name is Sanya and I'm from Indonesia.","start":5838.56,"end":5840.64,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":5838.56,"end":5838.72},{"text":"name","start":5838.72,"end":5838.96},{"text":"is","start":5838.96,"end":5839.08},{"text":"Sanya","start":5839.08,"end":5839.4},{"text":"and","start":5839.4,"end":5839.6},{"text":"I'm","start":5839.6,"end":5839.8},{"text":"from","start":5839.8,"end":5840},{"text":"Indonesia.","start":5840,"end":5840.64}]},{"text":"I'm a child rights representative from Asia.","start":5840.72,"end":5843.04,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'm","start":5840.72,"end":5840.96},{"text":"a","start":5840.96,"end":5841},{"text":"child","start":5841,"end":5841.36},{"text":"rights","start":5841.36,"end":5841.76},{"text":"representative","start":5841.76,"end":5842.44},{"text":"from","start":5842.44,"end":5842.72},{"text":"Asia.","start":5842.72,"end":5843.04}]},{"text":"I'm happy to have been a part of the second IGWG meeting about the new optional protocol for in the past two days.","start":5843.76,"end":5851.2,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. 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Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":5959.55,"end":5960.51},{"text":"children","start":5960.91,"end":5961.55},{"text":"can","start":5961.79,"end":5962.11},{"text":"learn","start":5962.11,"end":5962.35},{"text":"routine","start":5962.35,"end":5962.83},{"text":"and","start":5962.83,"end":5963.07},{"text":"independence","start":5963.07,"end":5963.91},{"text":"that","start":5963.91,"end":5964.11},{"text":"will","start":5964.11,"end":5964.35},{"text":"get","start":5964.35,"end":5964.63},{"text":"them","start":5964.63,"end":5964.99},{"text":"used","start":5965.07,"end":5965.51},{"text":"to","start":5965.51,"end":5965.63},{"text":"structure","start":5965.63,"end":5966.35},{"text":"daily","start":5966.59,"end":5966.91},{"text":"schedules","start":5966.91,"end":5967.63},{"text":"and","start":5967.87,"end":5968.11},{"text":"help","start":5968.11,"end":5968.39},{"text":"them","start":5968.39,"end":5968.71},{"text":"transition","start":5968.71,"end":5969.39},{"text":"smoothly","start":5969.39,"end":5970.03},{"text":"into","start":5970.11,"end":5970.43},{"text":"formal","start":5970.67,"end":5971.23},{"text":"primary","start":5971.23,"end":5971.71},{"text":"school.","start":5971.71,"end":5972.03}]},{"text":"Another point were Another point worth mentioning is that educators can spot learning disabilities, speech delays, or behavioral challenges early and provide timely support.","start":5973.31,"end":5987.75,"topics":[{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. 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This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"Another","start":5973.31,"end":5973.79},{"text":"point","start":5973.79,"end":5974.27},{"text":"were","start":5974.27,"end":5974.59},{"text":"Another","start":5975.27,"end":5975.67},{"text":"point","start":5975.67,"end":5976.07},{"text":"worth","start":5976.07,"end":5976.35},{"text":"mentioning","start":5976.35,"end":5977.11},{"text":"is","start":5977.51,"end":5977.99},{"text":"that","start":5978.15,"end":5978.39},{"text":"educators","start":5978.39,"end":5979.27},{"text":"can","start":5979.43,"end":5979.63},{"text":"spot","start":5979.63,"end":5979.99},{"text":"learning","start":5980.15,"end":5980.79},{"text":"disabilities,","start":5980.95,"end":5981.91},{"text":"speech","start":5982.15,"end":5982.63},{"text":"delays,","start":5982.63,"end":5983.19},{"text":"or","start":5983.75,"end":5983.99},{"text":"behavioral","start":5983.99,"end":5984.63},{"text":"challenges","start":5984.63,"end":5985.35},{"text":"early","start":5985.35,"end":5985.83},{"text":"and","start":5986.23,"end":5986.47},{"text":"provide","start":5986.47,"end":5986.91},{"text":"timely","start":5986.91,"end":5987.27},{"text":"support.","start":5987.27,"end":5987.75}]},{"text":"In the world that has become more complex and challenging due to economic crisis, environmental issues, political upheavals, health and other issues, children need to be prepared to face them.","start":5989.19,"end":6004.15,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. 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have shared with you how bad their condition are.","start":6165.79,"end":6169.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6165.79,"end":6165.95},{"text":"have","start":6165.95,"end":6166.27},{"text":"shared","start":6166.51,"end":6167.03},{"text":"with","start":6167.03,"end":6167.19},{"text":"you","start":6167.23,"end":6167.39},{"text":"how","start":6167.39,"end":6167.63},{"text":"bad","start":6167.63,"end":6167.99},{"text":"their","start":6167.99,"end":6168.19},{"text":"condition","start":6168.19,"end":6168.83},{"text":"are.","start":6168.83,"end":6169.15}]},{"text":"Due to poverty, miss out the very basic and important right to free education.","start":6170.19,"end":6176.27,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or 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Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."}],"words":[{"text":"Due","start":6170.19,"end":6170.43},{"text":"to","start":6170.43,"end":6170.75},{"text":"poverty,","start":6170.75,"end":6171.55},{"text":"miss","start":6172.03,"end":6172.35},{"text":"out","start":6172.39,"end":6172.59},{"text":"the","start":6173.15,"end":6173.35},{"text":"very","start":6173.35,"end":6173.71},{"text":"basic","start":6173.71,"end":6174.19},{"text":"and","start":6174.19,"end":6174.35},{"text":"important","start":6174.35,"end":6174.87},{"text":"right","start":6174.87,"end":6175.11},{"text":"to","start":6175.11,"end":6175.23},{"text":"free","start":6175.23,"end":6175.51},{"text":"education.","start":6175.51,"end":6176.27}]},{"text":"and the poor condition development they are facing.","start":6176.79,"end":6179.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"and","start":6176.79,"end":6176.99},{"text":"the","start":6176.99,"end":6177.11},{"text":"poor","start":6177.11,"end":6177.43},{"text":"condition","start":6177.43,"end":6177.91},{"text":"development","start":6177.91,"end":6178.59},{"text":"they","start":6178.59,"end":6178.71},{"text":"are","start":6178.71,"end":6178.87},{"text":"facing.","start":6178.87,"end":6179.43}]},{"text":"Please help these children by developing a universal treaty that can enforce all the state parties to be responsible in making a change in these children's lives.","start":6180.87,"end":6191.83,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. 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Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"Discussions","start":6358.15,"end":6358.87},{"text":"about","start":6358.87,"end":6359.19},{"text":"fragmentation,","start":6359.19,"end":6360.15},{"text":"definitions","start":6360.47,"end":6361.31},{"text":"and","start":6361.31,"end":6361.43},{"text":"duplication","start":6361.43,"end":6362.23},{"text":"have","start":6362.47,"end":6362.71},{"text":"all","start":6362.71,"end":6362.87},{"text":"been","start":6362.87,"end":6363.07},{"text":"brought","start":6363.07,"end":6363.35},{"text":"before","start":6363.35,"end":6363.83},{"text":"us","start":6363.83,"end":6363.91},{"text":"as","start":6363.91,"end":6364.07},{"text":"reasons","start":6364.07,"end":6364.71},{"text":"not","start":6364.71,"end":6365.07},{"text":"to","start":6365.07,"end":6365.15},{"text":"make","start":6365.15,"end":6365.35},{"text":"the","start":6365.35,"end":6365.43},{"text":"protocol","start":6365.43,"end":6365.91},{"text":"a","start":6365.91,"end":6365.95},{"text":"reality.","start":6365.95,"end":6366.55}]},{"text":"These are a matter of legal solutions.","start":6368.55,"end":6370.71,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. 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been researching the right to education for over 30 years.","start":6685.87,"end":6688.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I've","start":6685.87,"end":6686.03},{"text":"been","start":6686.03,"end":6686.19},{"text":"researching","start":6686.19,"end":6686.67},{"text":"the","start":6686.67,"end":6686.75},{"text":"right","start":6686.75,"end":6687.03},{"text":"to","start":6687.03,"end":6687.11},{"text":"education","start":6687.11,"end":6687.63},{"text":"for","start":6687.63,"end":6687.79},{"text":"over","start":6687.79,"end":6687.95},{"text":"30","start":6687.95,"end":6688.23},{"text":"years.","start":6688.23,"end":6688.75}]},{"text":"I've written a standard monograph of almost 800 pages on the right to education in international law.","start":6689.15,"end":6694.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I've","start":6689.15,"end":6689.31},{"text":"written","start":6689.31,"end":6689.55},{"text":"a","start":6689.55,"end":6689.59},{"text":"standard","start":6689.59,"end":6689.95},{"text":"monograph","start":6689.95,"end":6690.39},{"text":"of","start":6690.39,"end":6690.59},{"text":"almost","start":6690.59,"end":6691.15},{"text":"800","start":6691.47,"end":6691.91},{"text":"pages","start":6691.91,"end":6692.35},{"text":"on","start":6692.35,"end":6692.55},{"text":"the","start":6692.55,"end":6692.63},{"text":"right","start":6692.63,"end":6692.79},{"text":"to","start":6692.79,"end":6692.87},{"text":"education","start":6692.87,"end":6693.35},{"text":"in","start":6693.35,"end":6693.43},{"text":"international","start":6693.43,"end":6694.23},{"text":"law.","start":6694.23,"end":6694.31}]},{"text":"You may all recall that I joined you in December of last year to present an analytical paper on pathways to fill the gaps in the 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Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."}],"words":[{"text":"Clearly,","start":6744.59,"end":6744.99},{"text":"if","start":6745.31,"end":6745.63},{"text":"I","start":6745.71,"end":6745.87},{"text":"could","start":6745.87,"end":6746.07},{"text":"have","start":6746.07,"end":6746.27},{"text":"it","start":6746.27,"end":6746.35},{"text":"my","start":6746.35,"end":6746.67},{"text":"way,","start":6746.67,"end":6747.07},{"text":"I","start":6747.07,"end":6747.23},{"text":"would","start":6747.23,"end":6747.39},{"text":"say","start":6747.39,"end":6747.79},{"text":"we","start":6748.03,"end":6748.51},{"text":"need","start":6750.71,"end":6751.47},{"text":"********","start":6752.07,"end":6752.75},{"text":"legal","start":6752.75,"end":6753.27},{"text":"obligations","start":6753.27,"end":6754.15},{"text":"stating","start":6754.31,"end":6754.95},{"text":"something","start":6754.95,"end":6755.59},{"text":"like,","start":6755.59,"end":6755.99},{"text":"\"States","start":6756.87,"end":6757.35},{"text":"parties","start":6757.35,"end":6757.91},{"text":"shall","start":6757.91,"end":6758.39},{"text":"protect","start":6758.39,"end":6758.83},{"text":"the","start":6758.83,"end":6758.91},{"text":"right","start":6758.91,"end":6759.15},{"text":"to","start":6759.15,"end":6759.23},{"text":"education,","start":6759.23,"end":6759.79},{"text":"which","start":6759.79,"end":6760.07},{"text":"includes","start":6760.07,"end":6760.71},{"text":"early","start":6760.71,"end":6760.95},{"text":"childhood","start":6760.95,"end":6761.39},{"text":"care","start":6761.39,"end":6761.55},{"text":"and","start":6761.55,"end":6761.71},{"text":"education.","start":6761.71,"end":6762.47}]},{"text":"Amongst others, pre-primary education shall be compulsory and available free to all for at least one year.","start":6762.95,"end":6768.55,"topics":[{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."}],"words":[{"text":"Amongst","start":6762.95,"end":6763.43},{"text":"others,","start":6763.43,"end":6763.91},{"text":"pre-primary","start":6763.99,"end":6764.67},{"text":"education","start":6764.67,"end":6765.27},{"text":"shall","start":6765.27,"end":6765.59},{"text":"be","start":6765.59,"end":6765.75},{"text":"compulsory","start":6765.75,"end":6766.31},{"text":"and","start":6766.31,"end":6766.43},{"text":"available","start":6766.43,"end":6766.87},{"text":"free","start":6766.87,"end":6767.03},{"text":"to","start":6767.03,"end":6767.23},{"text":"all","start":6767.23,"end":6767.51},{"text":"for","start":6767.51,"end":6767.71},{"text":"at","start":6767.71,"end":6767.83},{"text":"least","start":6767.83,"end":6768.07},{"text":"one","start":6768.07,"end":6768.23},{"text":"year.","start":6768.23,"end":6768.55}]},{"text":"Primary education shall be compulsory and available free to all.","start":6769.43,"end":6772.95,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."}],"words":[{"text":"Primary","start":6769.43,"end":6769.87},{"text":"education","start":6769.87,"end":6770.39},{"text":"shall","start":6770.39,"end":6770.87},{"text":"be","start":6770.87,"end":6771.03},{"text":"compulsory","start":6771.03,"end":6771.67},{"text":"and","start":6771.67,"end":6771.79},{"text":"available","start":6771.79,"end":6772.23},{"text":"free","start":6772.23,"end":6772.47},{"text":"to","start":6772.47,"end":6772.59},{"text":"all.","start":6772.59,"end":6772.95}]},{"text":"Secondary education shall be compulsory and available free to all.","start":6773.51,"end":6777.03,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."}],"words":[{"text":"Secondary","start":6773.51,"end":6774.03},{"text":"education","start":6774.03,"end":6774.55},{"text":"shall","start":6774.55,"end":6774.95},{"text":"be","start":6774.95,"end":6775.11},{"text":"compulsory","start":6775.11,"end":6775.71},{"text":"and","start":6775.71,"end":6775.83},{"text":"available","start":6775.83,"end":6776.23},{"text":"free","start":6776.23,"end":6776.47},{"text":"to","start":6776.47,"end":6776.67},{"text":"all.","start":6776.67,"end":6777.03}]},{"text":"Higher education shall be made available and accessible equally to all on the basis of capacity, in particular by the progressive introduction of free education, et cetera.","start":6777.47,"end":6786.35,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."}],"words":[{"text":"Higher","start":6777.47,"end":6777.75},{"text":"education","start":6777.75,"end":6778.27},{"text":"shall","start":6778.27,"end":6778.51},{"text":"be","start":6778.51,"end":6778.59},{"text":"made","start":6778.59,"end":6778.79},{"text":"available","start":6778.79,"end":6779.23},{"text":"and","start":6779.23,"end":6779.35},{"text":"accessible","start":6779.35,"end":6780.03},{"text":"equally","start":6780.35,"end":6780.83},{"text":"to","start":6780.83,"end":6781.03},{"text":"all","start":6781.03,"end":6781.31},{"text":"on","start":6781.31,"end":6781.47},{"text":"the","start":6781.47,"end":6781.55},{"text":"basis","start":6781.55,"end":6781.91},{"text":"of","start":6781.91,"end":6782.03},{"text":"capacity,","start":6782.03,"end":6782.75},{"text":"in","start":6782.75,"end":6782.99},{"text":"particular","start":6782.99,"end":6783.63},{"text":"by","start":6783.63,"end":6783.87},{"text":"the","start":6783.87,"end":6784.03},{"text":"progressive","start":6784.03,"end":6784.51},{"text":"introduction","start":6784.51,"end":6785.07},{"text":"of","start":6785.07,"end":6785.15},{"text":"free","start":6785.15,"end":6785.31},{"text":"education,","start":6785.31,"end":6785.83},{"text":"et","start":6785.83,"end":6785.91},{"text":"cetera.","start":6785.91,"end":6786.35}]},{"text":"Amending the Convention on the Rights of the Child would be the best way to achieve this, however, at the great risk that an opening of the Convention might lead to a weakening of provisions.","start":6787.55,"end":6797.87,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. 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Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6798.43,"end":6798.59},{"text":"concluded","start":6798.59,"end":6799.15},{"text":"at","start":6799.15,"end":6799.23},{"text":"the","start":6799.23,"end":6799.31},{"text":"time","start":6799.31,"end":6799.59},{"text":"that","start":6799.59,"end":6799.79},{"text":"taking","start":6799.95,"end":6800.31},{"text":"into","start":6800.31,"end":6800.55},{"text":"account","start":6800.55,"end":6800.87},{"text":"the","start":6800.87,"end":6800.95},{"text":"need","start":6800.95,"end":6801.15},{"text":"for","start":6801.15,"end":6801.31},{"text":"doctrinal","start":6801.31,"end":6801.87},{"text":"coherence,","start":6801.87,"end":6802.51},{"text":"urgency","start":6802.67,"end":6803.15},{"text":"of","start":6803.15,"end":6803.23},{"text":"protection,","start":6803.23,"end":6803.79},{"text":"and","start":6803.79,"end":6804.03},{"text":"practical","start":6804.03,"end":6804.55},{"text":"realizability,","start":6804.55,"end":6805.55},{"text":"Some","start":6806.03,"end":6806.43},{"text":"pathways,","start":6806.43,"end":6807.11},{"text":"such","start":6807.11,"end":6807.51},{"text":"an","start":6807.51,"end":6807.63},{"text":"optional","start":6807.63,"end":6807.95},{"text":"protocol","start":6807.95,"end":6808.43},{"text":"to","start":6808.43,"end":6808.51},{"text":"the","start":6808.51,"end":6808.63},{"text":"Convention","start":6808.63,"end":6808.99},{"text":"on","start":6808.99,"end":6809.07},{"text":"the","start":6809.07,"end":6809.15},{"text":"Rights","start":6809.15,"end":6809.35},{"text":"of","start":6809.35,"end":6809.43},{"text":"the","start":6809.43,"end":6809.51},{"text":"Child,","start":6809.51,"end":6809.95},{"text":"be","start":6810.19,"end":6810.43},{"text":"stronger","start":6810.43,"end":6810.95},{"text":"than","start":6810.95,"end":6811.07},{"text":"others.","start":6811.07,"end":6811.55}]},{"text":"Yet, overall, I deliberately refrain from recommending a particular option.","start":6812.35,"end":6817.31,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"Yet,","start":6812.35,"end":6812.67},{"text":"overall,","start":6812.83,"end":6813.39},{"text":"I","start":6813.95,"end":6814.03},{"text":"deliberately","start":6814.03,"end":6814.83},{"text":"refrain","start":6814.83,"end":6815.39},{"text":"from","start":6815.39,"end":6815.55},{"text":"recommending","start":6815.55,"end":6816.15},{"text":"a","start":6816.15,"end":6816.19},{"text":"particular","start":6816.19,"end":6816.79},{"text":"option.","start":6816.79,"end":6817.31}]},{"text":"As the Chair reminded us yesterday, this is a state-led initiative.","start":6818.27,"end":6821.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":6818.27,"end":6818.47},{"text":"the","start":6818.47,"end":6818.55},{"text":"Chair","start":6818.55,"end":6818.79},{"text":"reminded","start":6818.79,"end":6819.23},{"text":"us","start":6819.23,"end":6819.35},{"text":"yesterday,","start":6819.35,"end":6819.79},{"text":"this","start":6819.79,"end":6820.03},{"text":"is","start":6820.03,"end":6820.11},{"text":"a","start":6820.11,"end":6820.15},{"text":"state-led","start":6820.15,"end":6820.99},{"text":"initiative.","start":6821.11,"end":6821.87}]},{"text":"It is in this light that my comments today should also be understood.","start":6822.27,"end":6825.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6822.27,"end":6822.47},{"text":"is","start":6822.47,"end":6822.59},{"text":"in","start":6822.59,"end":6822.75},{"text":"this","start":6822.75,"end":6823.07},{"text":"light","start":6823.07,"end":6823.31},{"text":"that","start":6823.31,"end":6823.47},{"text":"my","start":6823.47,"end":6823.63},{"text":"comments","start":6823.63,"end":6824.03},{"text":"today","start":6824.03,"end":6824.27},{"text":"should","start":6824.27,"end":6824.51},{"text":"also","start":6824.51,"end":6824.83},{"text":"be","start":6824.83,"end":6824.95},{"text":"understood.","start":6824.95,"end":6825.55}]},{"text":"Let me just add, and I shall repeat today, also a general comment suggested by some as a pathway is a solution with complications.","start":6826.51,"end":6835.31,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":6826.51,"end":6826.63},{"text":"me","start":6826.63,"end":6826.75},{"text":"just","start":6826.75,"end":6827.15},{"text":"add,","start":6827.15,"end":6827.47},{"text":"and","start":6827.79,"end":6828.11},{"text":"I","start":6828.11,"end":6828.19},{"text":"shall","start":6828.59,"end":6828.87},{"text":"repeat","start":6828.87,"end":6829.19},{"text":"today,","start":6829.19,"end":6829.47},{"text":"also","start":6829.47,"end":6829.91},{"text":"a","start":6829.91,"end":6829.95},{"text":"general","start":6829.95,"end":6830.27},{"text":"comment","start":6830.27,"end":6830.83},{"text":"suggested","start":6830.83,"end":6831.43},{"text":"by","start":6831.43,"end":6831.63},{"text":"some","start":6831.63,"end":6832.03},{"text":"as","start":6832.03,"end":6832.19},{"text":"a","start":6832.19,"end":6832.27},{"text":"pathway","start":6832.27,"end":6832.91},{"text":"is","start":6833.39,"end":6833.55},{"text":"a","start":6833.55,"end":6833.59},{"text":"solution","start":6833.59,"end":6834.11},{"text":"with","start":6834.11,"end":6834.27},{"text":"complications.","start":6834.27,"end":6835.31}]},{"text":"So my intention today is firstly to point out that regarding a fourth optional protocol agreement on many factual questions regarding the importance of ECCE including free primary education and free secondary education for any person's success in life exists.","start":6835.91,"end":6850.31,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."},{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":6835.91,"end":6836.07},{"text":"my","start":6836.07,"end":6836.19},{"text":"intention","start":6836.19,"end":6836.79},{"text":"today","start":6836.79,"end":6837.11},{"text":"is","start":6837.11,"end":6837.27},{"text":"firstly","start":6837.27,"end":6837.75},{"text":"to","start":6837.75,"end":6837.83},{"text":"point","start":6837.83,"end":6838.31},{"text":"out","start":6838.31,"end":6838.55},{"text":"that","start":6838.55,"end":6838.79},{"text":"regarding","start":6838.79,"end":6839.23},{"text":"a","start":6839.23,"end":6839.27},{"text":"fourth","start":6839.27,"end":6839.51},{"text":"optional","start":6839.51,"end":6839.79},{"text":"protocol","start":6839.79,"end":6840.39},{"text":"agreement","start":6840.71,"end":6841.35},{"text":"on","start":6841.35,"end":6841.47},{"text":"many","start":6841.47,"end":6841.75},{"text":"factual","start":6841.75,"end":6842.15},{"text":"questions","start":6842.15,"end":6842.79},{"text":"regarding","start":6842.79,"end":6843.27},{"text":"the","start":6843.27,"end":6843.39},{"text":"importance","start":6843.39,"end":6844.15},{"text":"of","start":6844.15,"end":6844.31},{"text":"ECCE","start":6844.31,"end":6844.71},{"text":"including","start":6844.71,"end":6845.35},{"text":"free","start":6845.35,"end":6845.51},{"text":"primary","start":6845.51,"end":6845.83},{"text":"education","start":6845.83,"end":6846.27},{"text":"and","start":6846.27,"end":6846.39},{"text":"free","start":6846.39,"end":6846.51},{"text":"secondary","start":6846.51,"end":6846.91},{"text":"education","start":6846.91,"end":6847.43},{"text":"for","start":6847.67,"end":6847.83},{"text":"any","start":6847.83,"end":6847.99},{"text":"person's","start":6847.99,"end":6848.51},{"text":"success","start":6848.51,"end":6848.79},{"text":"in","start":6848.79,"end":6848.95},{"text":"life","start":6848.95,"end":6849.27},{"text":"exists.","start":6849.51,"end":6850.31}]},{"text":"But secondly, to shift the focus on legal questions that need to be addressed all relating to the overarching question, do we need an international law treaty creating legal obligations for the rights concerned?","start":6850.71,"end":6861.75,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":6850.71,"end":6851.11},{"text":"secondly,","start":6851.19,"end":6851.91},{"text":"to","start":6852.15,"end":6852.27},{"text":"shift","start":6852.27,"end":6852.59},{"text":"the","start":6852.59,"end":6852.71},{"text":"focus","start":6852.71,"end":6853.11},{"text":"on","start":6853.11,"end":6853.27},{"text":"legal","start":6853.27,"end":6853.55},{"text":"questions","start":6853.55,"end":6854.11},{"text":"that","start":6854.11,"end":6854.27},{"text":"need","start":6854.27,"end":6854.47},{"text":"to","start":6854.47,"end":6854.55},{"text":"be","start":6854.55,"end":6854.67},{"text":"addressed","start":6854.67,"end":6855.19},{"text":"all","start":6855.59,"end":6855.75},{"text":"relating","start":6855.75,"end":6856.23},{"text":"to","start":6856.23,"end":6856.39},{"text":"the","start":6856.39,"end":6856.51},{"text":"overarching","start":6856.51,"end":6857.03},{"text":"question,","start":6857.03,"end":6857.51},{"text":"do","start":6857.83,"end":6857.95},{"text":"we","start":6857.95,"end":6858.07},{"text":"need","start":6858.07,"end":6858.27},{"text":"an","start":6858.27,"end":6858.39},{"text":"international","start":6858.39,"end":6858.95},{"text":"law","start":6858.95,"end":6859.03},{"text":"treaty","start":6859.03,"end":6859.39},{"text":"creating","start":6859.39,"end":6859.75},{"text":"legal","start":6859.75,"end":6859.99},{"text":"obligations","start":6859.99,"end":6860.59},{"text":"for","start":6860.59,"end":6860.71},{"text":"the","start":6860.71,"end":6860.79},{"text":"rights","start":6860.79,"end":6861.11},{"text":"concerned?","start":6861.11,"end":6861.75}]},{"text":"And thirdly, in traversely, also wish to emphasize that discussion so far has insufficiently focused on an important aspect, the concept of minimum core obligations.","start":6862.47,"end":6872.67,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6862.47,"end":6862.67},{"text":"thirdly,","start":6862.67,"end":6862.99},{"text":"in","start":6862.99,"end":6863.11},{"text":"traversely,","start":6863.11,"end":6863.75},{"text":"also","start":6864.19,"end":6864.51},{"text":"wish","start":6864.51,"end":6864.75},{"text":"to","start":6864.75,"end":6864.87},{"text":"emphasize","start":6864.87,"end":6865.39},{"text":"that","start":6865.39,"end":6865.51},{"text":"discussion","start":6865.51,"end":6866.03},{"text":"so","start":6866.03,"end":6866.35},{"text":"far","start":6866.35,"end":6866.59},{"text":"has","start":6866.59,"end":6866.71},{"text":"insufficiently","start":6866.83,"end":6867.71},{"text":"focused","start":6867.71,"end":6868.23},{"text":"on","start":6868.23,"end":6868.31},{"text":"an","start":6868.31,"end":6868.51},{"text":"important","start":6868.51,"end":6869.07},{"text":"aspect,","start":6869.07,"end":6869.63},{"text":"the","start":6869.95,"end":6870.07},{"text":"concept","start":6870.11,"end":6870.59},{"text":"of","start":6870.59,"end":6870.75},{"text":"minimum","start":6870.75,"end":6871.15},{"text":"core","start":6871.31,"end":6871.63},{"text":"obligations.","start":6871.63,"end":6872.67}]},{"text":"With regard to ECCE, including free primary education and free secondary education, it needs to be ensured that not just any type of legal obligation exists, but that minimum core obligations are in place.","start":6873.07,"end":6884.83,"topics":[{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. 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Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6885.71,"end":6885.83},{"text":"needs","start":6885.83,"end":6886.07},{"text":"to","start":6886.07,"end":6886.15},{"text":"be","start":6886.15,"end":6886.23},{"text":"understood","start":6886.23,"end":6886.67},{"text":"that","start":6886.67,"end":6886.91},{"text":"Once","start":6887.55,"end":6887.83},{"text":"one","start":6887.83,"end":6887.99},{"text":"is","start":6887.99,"end":6888.07},{"text":"in","start":6888.07,"end":6888.15},{"text":"agreement","start":6888.15,"end":6888.59},{"text":"that","start":6888.59,"end":6888.75},{"text":"states","start":6888.75,"end":6889.19},{"text":"should","start":6889.19,"end":6889.47},{"text":"bear","start":6889.47,"end":6889.63},{"text":"legal","start":6889.63,"end":6889.87},{"text":"obligations","start":6889.87,"end":6890.43},{"text":"to","start":6890.43,"end":6890.55},{"text":"realize","start":6890.55,"end":6891.15},{"text":"ECCE,","start":6891.27,"end":6891.39},{"text":"including","start":6891.39,"end":6891.95},{"text":"free","start":6891.95,"end":6892.11},{"text":"pre-primary","start":6892.11,"end":6892.67},{"text":"education","start":6892.67,"end":6893.23},{"text":"and","start":6893.23,"end":6893.39},{"text":"free","start":6893.39,"end":6893.55},{"text":"secondary","start":6893.55,"end":6893.95},{"text":"education,","start":6893.95,"end":6894.51},{"text":"then","start":6894.99,"end":6895.31},{"text":"the","start":6895.31,"end":6895.47},{"text":"question","start":6895.47,"end":6895.95},{"text":"whether","start":6895.95,"end":6896.23},{"text":"current","start":6896.23,"end":6896.59},{"text":"international","start":6896.59,"end":6897.19},{"text":"law","start":6897.19,"end":6897.27},{"text":"already","start":6897.27,"end":6897.71},{"text":"lays","start":6897.71,"end":6898.03},{"text":"down","start":6898.03,"end":6898.27},{"text":"such","start":6898.27,"end":6898.51},{"text":"obligations","start":6898.51,"end":6899.31},{"text":"is","start":6899.31,"end":6899.47},{"text":"a","start":6899.47,"end":6899.51},{"text":"legal","start":6899.51,"end":6899.87},{"text":"one.","start":6899.87,"end":6900.19}]},{"text":"But that's not the only question.","start":6900.83,"end":6902.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":6900.83,"end":6901.03},{"text":"that's","start":6901.03,"end":6901.31},{"text":"not","start":6901.31,"end":6901.55},{"text":"the","start":6901.59,"end":6901.67},{"text":"only","start":6901.67,"end":6901.91},{"text":"question.","start":6901.91,"end":6902.51}]},{"text":"Even if legal obligations of some kind exist, it should be asked, are they of the legal quality we wish them to be?","start":6902.91,"end":6909.31,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"Even","start":6902.91,"end":6903.23},{"text":"if","start":6903.23,"end":6903.35},{"text":"legal","start":6903.35,"end":6903.63},{"text":"obligations","start":6903.63,"end":6904.27},{"text":"of","start":6904.27,"end":6904.43},{"text":"some","start":6904.43,"end":6904.67},{"text":"kind","start":6904.67,"end":6904.95},{"text":"exist,","start":6904.95,"end":6905.39},{"text":"it","start":6905.39,"end":6905.59},{"text":"should","start":6905.59,"end":6905.75},{"text":"be","start":6905.75,"end":6905.95},{"text":"asked,","start":6906.03,"end":6906.35},{"text":"are","start":6906.59,"end":6906.79},{"text":"they","start":6906.79,"end":6906.91},{"text":"of","start":6906.99,"end":6907.15},{"text":"the","start":6907.15,"end":6907.23},{"text":"legal","start":6907.23,"end":6907.47},{"text":"quality","start":6907.47,"end":6908.11},{"text":"we","start":6908.11,"end":6908.27},{"text":"wish","start":6908.27,"end":6908.59},{"text":"them","start":6908.59,"end":6908.75},{"text":"to","start":6908.75,"end":6908.91},{"text":"be?","start":6908.91,"end":6909.31}]},{"text":"Are they legal obligations that give states a large measure of discretion in deciding how to implement them, or do they embody notably minimum core obligations, including urgency in implementation?","start":6909.75,"end":6921.11,"topics":[{"key":"national-contexts","label":"National Contexts and Flexible Implementation","description":"Many delegations underlined that any future standard must be workable across different legal systems, education models, capacities, and development levels. The discussion often drew a distinction between having a common minimum right for all children and allowing states flexibility in how they implement that right."},{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"Are","start":6909.75,"end":6909.99},{"text":"they","start":6909.99,"end":6910.23},{"text":"legal","start":6910.55,"end":6910.87},{"text":"obligations","start":6910.87,"end":6911.59},{"text":"that","start":6911.59,"end":6911.75},{"text":"give","start":6911.75,"end":6911.91},{"text":"states","start":6911.91,"end":6912.31},{"text":"a","start":6912.31,"end":6912.35},{"text":"large","start":6912.35,"end":6912.71},{"text":"measure","start":6912.71,"end":6913.03},{"text":"of","start":6913.03,"end":6913.11},{"text":"discretion","start":6913.11,"end":6913.67},{"text":"in","start":6913.67,"end":6913.75},{"text":"deciding","start":6913.75,"end":6914.15},{"text":"how","start":6914.15,"end":6914.31},{"text":"to","start":6914.31,"end":6914.51},{"text":"implement","start":6914.51,"end":6914.99},{"text":"them,","start":6914.99,"end":6915.19},{"text":"or","start":6915.47,"end":6915.59},{"text":"do","start":6915.59,"end":6915.91},{"text":"they","start":6915.91,"end":6916.15},{"text":"embody","start":6916.15,"end":6916.55},{"text":"notably","start":6916.55,"end":6917.11},{"text":"minimum","start":6917.11,"end":6917.59},{"text":"core","start":6917.67,"end":6918.07},{"text":"obligations,","start":6918.07,"end":6918.79},{"text":"including","start":6918.87,"end":6919.43},{"text":"urgency","start":6919.59,"end":6920.11},{"text":"in","start":6920.11,"end":6920.23},{"text":"implementation?","start":6920.23,"end":6921.11}]},{"text":"If one desires minimum core obligations, then the question whether the legal rules one may have in place to actually express minimum core obligations is also a legal question.","start":6921.75,"end":6931.67,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"If","start":6921.75,"end":6921.99},{"text":"one","start":6921.99,"end":6922.23},{"text":"desires","start":6922.23,"end":6922.63},{"text":"minimum","start":6922.63,"end":6922.95},{"text":"core","start":6922.95,"end":6923.15},{"text":"obligations,","start":6923.15,"end":6923.99},{"text":"then","start":6924.63,"end":6924.79},{"text":"the","start":6924.79,"end":6924.91},{"text":"question","start":6924.91,"end":6925.51},{"text":"whether","start":6925.51,"end":6925.75},{"text":"the","start":6925.75,"end":6925.83},{"text":"legal","start":6925.83,"end":6926.07},{"text":"rules","start":6926.07,"end":6926.47},{"text":"one","start":6926.47,"end":6926.71},{"text":"may","start":6926.71,"end":6926.95},{"text":"have","start":6926.95,"end":6927.19},{"text":"in","start":6927.19,"end":6927.27},{"text":"place","start":6927.27,"end":6927.59},{"text":"to","start":6927.59,"end":6927.79},{"text":"actually","start":6927.79,"end":6928.11},{"text":"express","start":6928.11,"end":6928.55},{"text":"minimum","start":6928.55,"end":6928.87},{"text":"core","start":6928.87,"end":6929.07},{"text":"obligations","start":6929.07,"end":6929.67},{"text":"is","start":6929.99,"end":6930.23},{"text":"also","start":6930.23,"end":6930.59},{"text":"a","start":6930.59,"end":6930.63},{"text":"legal","start":6930.71,"end":6931.11},{"text":"question.","start":6931.11,"end":6931.67}]},{"text":"I've closely observed this in last year's session's proceedings.","start":6932.83,"end":6935.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I've","start":6932.83,"end":6932.91},{"text":"closely","start":6932.91,"end":6933.35},{"text":"observed","start":6933.35,"end":6933.75},{"text":"this","start":6933.75,"end":6933.91},{"text":"in","start":6933.91,"end":6934.03},{"text":"last","start":6934.03,"end":6934.27},{"text":"year's","start":6934.27,"end":6934.55},{"text":"session's","start":6934.55,"end":6934.91},{"text":"proceedings.","start":6934.91,"end":6935.47}]},{"text":"There's agreement on many or most of the factual questions.","start":6935.59,"end":6938.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There's","start":6935.59,"end":6935.87},{"text":"agreement","start":6935.87,"end":6936.35},{"text":"on","start":6936.35,"end":6936.43},{"text":"many","start":6936.43,"end":6936.75},{"text":"or","start":6936.75,"end":6936.83},{"text":"most","start":6936.83,"end":6937.11},{"text":"of","start":6937.11,"end":6937.23},{"text":"the","start":6937.23,"end":6937.31},{"text":"factual","start":6937.31,"end":6937.71},{"text":"questions.","start":6937.71,"end":6938.27}]},{"text":"To reiterate, what are these questions?","start":6938.27,"end":6940.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":6938.27,"end":6938.43},{"text":"reiterate,","start":6938.43,"end":6938.99},{"text":"what","start":6938.99,"end":6939.23},{"text":"are","start":6939.23,"end":6939.35},{"text":"these","start":6939.35,"end":6939.55},{"text":"questions?","start":6939.55,"end":6940.19}]},{"text":"First question, are ECCE including pre-primary education and secondary education for all important objectives to be achieved?","start":6940.19,"end":6947.39,"topics":[{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."},{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"First","start":6940.19,"end":6940.51},{"text":"question,","start":6940.51,"end":6941.07},{"text":"are","start":6941.95,"end":6942.15},{"text":"ECCE","start":6942.19,"end":6942.51},{"text":"including","start":6942.59,"end":6943.15},{"text":"pre-primary","start":6943.15,"end":6943.63},{"text":"education","start":6943.63,"end":6943.99},{"text":"and","start":6943.99,"end":6944.11},{"text":"secondary","start":6944.11,"end":6944.47},{"text":"education","start":6944.47,"end":6944.99},{"text":"for","start":6944.99,"end":6945.27},{"text":"all","start":6945.27,"end":6945.39},{"text":"important","start":6945.39,"end":6946.03},{"text":"objectives","start":6946.03,"end":6946.59},{"text":"to","start":6946.59,"end":6946.71},{"text":"be","start":6946.71,"end":6946.83},{"text":"achieved?","start":6946.83,"end":6947.39}]},{"text":"While last year's session perhaps still sought to broaden the consensus around the importance of these rights, such a consensus may now largely be stated to exist.","start":6947.91,"end":6956.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"While","start":6947.91,"end":6948.27},{"text":"last","start":6948.27,"end":6948.47},{"text":"year's","start":6948.47,"end":6948.75},{"text":"session","start":6948.75,"end":6949.15},{"text":"perhaps","start":6949.23,"end":6949.55},{"text":"still","start":6949.55,"end":6949.79},{"text":"sought","start":6949.79,"end":6950.07},{"text":"to","start":6950.07,"end":6950.15},{"text":"broaden","start":6950.15,"end":6950.51},{"text":"the","start":6950.51,"end":6950.59},{"text":"consensus","start":6950.59,"end":6951.19},{"text":"around","start":6951.19,"end":6951.47},{"text":"the","start":6951.47,"end":6951.55},{"text":"importance","start":6951.55,"end":6952.27},{"text":"of","start":6952.27,"end":6952.59},{"text":"these","start":6952.67,"end":6952.99},{"text":"rights,","start":6952.99,"end":6953.47},{"text":"such","start":6953.87,"end":6954.15},{"text":"a","start":6954.15,"end":6954.19},{"text":"consensus","start":6954.19,"end":6954.83},{"text":"may","start":6954.83,"end":6954.99},{"text":"now","start":6954.99,"end":6955.23},{"text":"largely","start":6955.23,"end":6955.67},{"text":"be","start":6955.67,"end":6955.79},{"text":"stated","start":6955.79,"end":6956.11},{"text":"to","start":6956.11,"end":6956.23},{"text":"exist.","start":6956.23,"end":6956.75}]},{"text":"No one will query the importance to any person's prospects of success in life and the building of cohesive, tolerant and socially just societies committed to world peace.","start":6956.99,"end":6966.23,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"No","start":6956.99,"end":6957.31},{"text":"one","start":6957.31,"end":6957.55},{"text":"will","start":6957.55,"end":6957.71},{"text":"query","start":6957.71,"end":6958.19},{"text":"the","start":6958.19,"end":6958.39},{"text":"importance","start":6958.39,"end":6958.99},{"text":"to","start":6958.99,"end":6959.07},{"text":"any","start":6959.07,"end":6959.23},{"text":"person's","start":6959.23,"end":6959.67},{"text":"prospects","start":6959.67,"end":6960.23},{"text":"of","start":6960.23,"end":6960.35},{"text":"success","start":6960.35,"end":6960.75},{"text":"in","start":6960.75,"end":6960.83},{"text":"life","start":6960.83,"end":6961.15},{"text":"and","start":6961.15,"end":6961.27},{"text":"the","start":6961.27,"end":6961.35},{"text":"building","start":6961.35,"end":6961.71},{"text":"of","start":6961.71,"end":6961.87},{"text":"cohesive,","start":6961.87,"end":6962.51},{"text":"tolerant","start":6963.11,"end":6963.59},{"text":"and","start":6963.87,"end":6963.99},{"text":"socially","start":6963.99,"end":6964.39},{"text":"just","start":6964.39,"end":6964.63},{"text":"societies","start":6964.63,"end":6965.19},{"text":"committed","start":6965.19,"end":6965.51},{"text":"to","start":6965.51,"end":6965.63},{"text":"world","start":6965.63,"end":6965.87},{"text":"peace.","start":6965.87,"end":6966.23}]},{"text":"Early childhood presents a crucial time window during which substantial brain, cognitive and socio emotional development occurs.","start":6966.91,"end":6974.23,"topics":[{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. 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This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":6974.79,"end":6974.83},{"text":"secondary","start":6974.83,"end":6975.39},{"text":"education","start":6975.39,"end":6976.03},{"text":"is","start":6976.03,"end":6976.15},{"text":"also","start":6976.15,"end":6976.51},{"text":"of","start":6976.51,"end":6976.63},{"text":"crucial","start":6976.63,"end":6976.99},{"text":"importance","start":6976.99,"end":6977.67},{"text":"for","start":6977.67,"end":6977.79},{"text":"full","start":6977.79,"end":6977.99},{"text":"development","start":6977.99,"end":6978.51},{"text":"and","start":6978.51,"end":6978.71},{"text":"success","start":6978.71,"end":6979.43},{"text":"in","start":6979.51,"end":6979.75},{"text":"life.","start":6979.75,"end":6980.07}]},{"text":"The cost of not completing secondary education include reduced qualification for the labor market, reduced work productivity, high cost for the social system, and the intergenerational reproduction of social inequalities.","start":6980.31,"end":6993.19,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6980.31,"end":6980.43},{"text":"cost","start":6980.47,"end":6980.75},{"text":"of","start":6980.75,"end":6980.87},{"text":"not","start":6980.87,"end":6981.11},{"text":"completing","start":6981.11,"end":6981.67},{"text":"secondary","start":6981.67,"end":6982.07},{"text":"education","start":6982.07,"end":6982.71},{"text":"include","start":6983.19,"end":6983.67},{"text":"reduced","start":6983.75,"end":6984.19},{"text":"qualification","start":6984.19,"end":6984.83},{"text":"for","start":6984.83,"end":6984.95},{"text":"the","start":6984.95,"end":6985.03},{"text":"labor","start":6985.03,"end":6985.35},{"text":"market,","start":6985.35,"end":6985.83},{"text":"reduced","start":6985.83,"end":6986.23},{"text":"work","start":6986.23,"end":6986.51},{"text":"productivity,","start":6986.51,"end":6987.35},{"text":"high","start":6987.51,"end":6987.75},{"text":"cost","start":6987.75,"end":6988.03},{"text":"for","start":6988.03,"end":6988.15},{"text":"the","start":6988.15,"end":6988.27},{"text":"social","start":6988.27,"end":6988.63},{"text":"system,","start":6988.63,"end":6989.11},{"text":"and","start":6989.35,"end":6989.55},{"text":"the","start":6989.55,"end":6989.63},{"text":"intergenerational","start":6989.63,"end":6990.71},{"text":"reproduction","start":6990.87,"end":6991.67},{"text":"of","start":6991.67,"end":6991.83},{"text":"social","start":6991.83,"end":6992.23},{"text":"inequalities.","start":6992.23,"end":6993.19}]},{"text":"So the passionate consensus I've observed even among those skeptical of an optional protocol is that ECCE, including pre-primary education and secondary education for all, are not only important but crucial for success in life.","start":6993.91,"end":7005.59,"topics":[{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."},{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":6993.91,"end":6994.07},{"text":"the","start":6994.07,"end":6994.19},{"text":"passionate","start":6994.19,"end":6994.55},{"text":"consensus","start":6994.55,"end":6995.19},{"text":"I've","start":6995.19,"end":6995.39},{"text":"observed","start":6995.39,"end":6995.99},{"text":"even","start":6995.99,"end":6996.19},{"text":"among","start":6996.19,"end":6996.39},{"text":"those","start":6996.39,"end":6996.59},{"text":"skeptical","start":6996.59,"end":6997.07},{"text":"of","start":6997.07,"end":6997.15},{"text":"an","start":6997.15,"end":6997.27},{"text":"optional","start":6997.27,"end":6997.55},{"text":"protocol","start":6997.55,"end":6998.15},{"text":"is","start":6998.15,"end":6998.31},{"text":"that","start":6998.31,"end":6998.63},{"text":"ECCE,","start":6998.63,"end":6999.03},{"text":"including","start":6999.03,"end":6999.87},{"text":"pre-primary","start":6999.87,"end":7000.35},{"text":"education","start":7000.35,"end":7000.87},{"text":"and","start":7000.87,"end":7000.99},{"text":"secondary","start":7000.99,"end":7001.43},{"text":"education","start":7001.43,"end":7001.83},{"text":"for","start":7001.91,"end":7002.11},{"text":"all,","start":7002.11,"end":7002.31},{"text":"are","start":7002.71,"end":7002.79},{"text":"not","start":7002.79,"end":7002.95},{"text":"only","start":7002.95,"end":7003.15},{"text":"important","start":7003.15,"end":7003.83},{"text":"but","start":7003.95,"end":7004.15},{"text":"crucial","start":7004.15,"end":7004.55},{"text":"for","start":7004.55,"end":7004.71},{"text":"success","start":7004.71,"end":7005.15},{"text":"in","start":7005.15,"end":7005.27},{"text":"life.","start":7005.27,"end":7005.59}]},{"text":"Access to these forms of education is a basic necessity of life because such access is about the ability to participate in society, to escape poverty and exploitation, and to live in dignity.","start":7005.99,"end":7016.55,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"Access","start":7005.99,"end":7006.39},{"text":"to","start":7006.39,"end":7006.55},{"text":"these","start":7006.55,"end":7006.79},{"text":"forms","start":7006.79,"end":7007.03},{"text":"of","start":7007.03,"end":7007.11},{"text":"education","start":7007.11,"end":7007.63},{"text":"is","start":7007.63,"end":7007.71},{"text":"a","start":7007.71,"end":7007.75},{"text":"basic","start":7007.75,"end":7008.15},{"text":"necessity","start":7008.15,"end":7008.71},{"text":"of","start":7008.71,"end":7008.79},{"text":"life","start":7008.79,"end":7009.19},{"text":"because","start":7009.19,"end":7009.75},{"text":"such","start":7010.15,"end":7010.47},{"text":"access","start":7010.47,"end":7010.95},{"text":"is","start":7010.95,"end":7011.11},{"text":"about","start":7011.11,"end":7011.39},{"text":"the","start":7011.39,"end":7011.47},{"text":"ability","start":7011.47,"end":7011.99},{"text":"to","start":7011.99,"end":7012.11},{"text":"participate","start":7012.11,"end":7012.71},{"text":"in","start":7012.71,"end":7012.79},{"text":"society,","start":7012.79,"end":7013.43},{"text":"to","start":7013.43,"end":7013.63},{"text":"escape","start":7013.63,"end":7014.03},{"text":"poverty","start":7014.03,"end":7014.39},{"text":"and","start":7014.39,"end":7014.51},{"text":"exploitation,","start":7014.51,"end":7015.27},{"text":"and","start":7015.43,"end":7015.63},{"text":"to","start":7015.63,"end":7015.71},{"text":"live","start":7015.71,"end":7015.87},{"text":"in","start":7015.87,"end":7015.99},{"text":"dignity.","start":7015.99,"end":7016.55}]},{"text":"In other words, ECCE, including pre-primary education and secondary education for all, fall within the typical realm of minimum core entitlements.","start":7017.19,"end":7025.83,"topics":[{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."},{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7017.19,"end":7017.35},{"text":"other","start":7017.35,"end":7017.55},{"text":"words,","start":7017.55,"end":7017.83},{"text":"ECCE,","start":7018.31,"end":7018.71},{"text":"including","start":7018.71,"end":7019.35},{"text":"pre-primary","start":7019.43,"end":7019.91},{"text":"education","start":7019.91,"end":7020.35},{"text":"and","start":7020.35,"end":7020.47},{"text":"secondary","start":7020.47,"end":7020.83},{"text":"education","start":7020.83,"end":7021.19},{"text":"for","start":7021.19,"end":7021.39},{"text":"all,","start":7021.39,"end":7021.75},{"text":"fall","start":7021.91,"end":7022.31},{"text":"within","start":7022.31,"end":7022.71},{"text":"the","start":7022.71,"end":7022.83},{"text":"typical","start":7022.83,"end":7023.35},{"text":"realm","start":7023.35,"end":7023.75},{"text":"of","start":7023.75,"end":7023.91},{"text":"minimum","start":7023.91,"end":7024.39},{"text":"core","start":7024.63,"end":7024.95},{"text":"entitlements.","start":7024.95,"end":7025.83}]},{"text":"The second factual question, is free education important?","start":7026.55,"end":7030.07,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7026.55,"end":7026.63},{"text":"second","start":7026.63,"end":7027.03},{"text":"factual","start":7027.03,"end":7027.43},{"text":"question,","start":7027.43,"end":7027.99},{"text":"is","start":7028.23,"end":7028.47},{"text":"free","start":7028.55,"end":7028.87},{"text":"education","start":7028.87,"end":7029.47},{"text":"important?","start":7029.47,"end":7030.07}]},{"text":"We know that success in education, including at early childhood and secondary levels, is currently strongly related to household income.","start":7030.59,"end":7036.51,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7030.59,"end":7030.71},{"text":"know","start":7030.71,"end":7030.83},{"text":"that","start":7030.83,"end":7030.99},{"text":"success","start":7030.99,"end":7031.35},{"text":"in","start":7031.35,"end":7031.43},{"text":"education,","start":7031.43,"end":7032.03},{"text":"including","start":7032.03,"end":7032.51},{"text":"at","start":7032.67,"end":7032.91},{"text":"early","start":7032.91,"end":7033.23},{"text":"childhood","start":7033.23,"end":7033.63},{"text":"and","start":7033.63,"end":7033.75},{"text":"secondary","start":7033.75,"end":7034.15},{"text":"levels,","start":7034.15,"end":7034.51},{"text":"is","start":7034.51,"end":7034.67},{"text":"currently","start":7034.67,"end":7034.99},{"text":"strongly","start":7034.99,"end":7035.31},{"text":"related","start":7035.31,"end":7035.59},{"text":"to","start":7035.59,"end":7035.75},{"text":"household","start":7035.75,"end":7036.07},{"text":"income.","start":7036.07,"end":7036.51}]},{"text":"School fees and all related access costs have a regressive effect on enrollment, attendance, and completion.","start":7036.91,"end":7041.95,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."}],"words":[{"text":"School","start":7036.91,"end":7037.31},{"text":"fees","start":7037.31,"end":7037.59},{"text":"and","start":7037.59,"end":7037.71},{"text":"all","start":7037.71,"end":7037.87},{"text":"related","start":7037.87,"end":7038.27},{"text":"access","start":7038.27,"end":7038.67},{"text":"costs","start":7038.67,"end":7038.95},{"text":"have","start":7038.95,"end":7039.15},{"text":"a","start":7039.23,"end":7039.27},{"text":"regressive","start":7039.27,"end":7039.71},{"text":"effect","start":7039.71,"end":7040.03},{"text":"on","start":7040.03,"end":7040.11},{"text":"enrollment,","start":7040.11,"end":7040.63},{"text":"attendance,","start":7040.63,"end":7041.19},{"text":"and","start":7041.19,"end":7041.31},{"text":"completion.","start":7041.31,"end":7041.95}]},{"text":"The negative impact of fees on access to primary education has been clearly demonstrated.","start":7042.83,"end":7046.51,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7042.83,"end":7042.95},{"text":"negative","start":7042.95,"end":7043.31},{"text":"impact","start":7043.31,"end":7043.67},{"text":"of","start":7043.67,"end":7043.75},{"text":"fees","start":7043.75,"end":7044.07},{"text":"on","start":7044.07,"end":7044.19},{"text":"access","start":7044.19,"end":7044.47},{"text":"to","start":7044.47,"end":7044.55},{"text":"primary","start":7044.55,"end":7044.87},{"text":"education","start":7044.87,"end":7045.27},{"text":"has","start":7045.27,"end":7045.39},{"text":"been","start":7045.39,"end":7045.51},{"text":"clearly","start":7045.51,"end":7045.79},{"text":"demonstrated.","start":7045.79,"end":7046.51}]},{"text":"In the 1980s, the World Bank structural adjustment programs urged African states to adopt user fees in primary education.","start":7046.59,"end":7054.35,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7046.59,"end":7046.67},{"text":"the","start":7046.67,"end":7046.75},{"text":"1980s,","start":7046.79,"end":7047.95},{"text":"the","start":7047.95,"end":7048.07},{"text":"World","start":7048.07,"end":7048.35},{"text":"Bank","start":7048.35,"end":7048.59},{"text":"structural","start":7048.59,"end":7049.07},{"text":"adjustment","start":7049.07,"end":7049.47},{"text":"programs","start":7049.47,"end":7050.11},{"text":"urged","start":7050.75,"end":7051.07},{"text":"African","start":7051.07,"end":7051.43},{"text":"states","start":7051.43,"end":7051.71},{"text":"to","start":7051.71,"end":7051.87},{"text":"adopt","start":7052.19,"end":7052.59},{"text":"user","start":7052.59,"end":7053.07},{"text":"fees","start":7053.07,"end":7053.31},{"text":"in","start":7053.31,"end":7053.43},{"text":"primary","start":7053.43,"end":7053.75},{"text":"education.","start":7053.75,"end":7054.35}]},{"text":"This led to massive school dropouts.","start":7054.35,"end":7056.19,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":7054.35,"end":7054.59},{"text":"led","start":7054.59,"end":7054.75},{"text":"to","start":7054.75,"end":7054.87},{"text":"massive","start":7054.87,"end":7055.23},{"text":"school","start":7055.23,"end":7055.51},{"text":"dropouts.","start":7055.51,"end":7056.19}]},{"text":"The abolition in the 1990s in turn led to significant increases in enrollments.","start":7056.59,"end":7060.91,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7056.59,"end":7056.71},{"text":"abolition","start":7056.71,"end":7057.15},{"text":"in","start":7057.15,"end":7057.23},{"text":"the","start":7057.23,"end":7057.31},{"text":"1990s","start":7057.31,"end":7058.27},{"text":"in","start":7058.35,"end":7058.51},{"text":"turn","start":7058.51,"end":7058.75},{"text":"led","start":7058.75,"end":7058.91},{"text":"to","start":7058.91,"end":7059.03},{"text":"significant","start":7059.03,"end":7059.63},{"text":"increases","start":7059.63,"end":7060.11},{"text":"in","start":7060.11,"end":7060.23},{"text":"enrollments.","start":7060.23,"end":7060.91}]},{"text":"A World Bank report finds that when it comes to financial worries, 14% of adults worldwide consider school fees the most worrying expense.","start":7061.63,"end":7069.55,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. 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Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7069.87,"end":7070.03},{"text":"figures","start":7070.03,"end":7070.35},{"text":"are","start":7070.35,"end":7070.43},{"text":"even","start":7070.43,"end":7071.39},{"text":"20%","start":7071.39,"end":7071.43},{"text":"for","start":7071.43,"end":7071.55},{"text":"each","start":7071.55,"end":7071.71},{"text":"of","start":7071.71,"end":7071.87},{"text":"sub-Saharan","start":7071.87,"end":7072.35},{"text":"Africa","start":7072.35,"end":7072.95},{"text":"and","start":7072.95,"end":7073.31},{"text":"South","start":7073.31,"end":7073.71},{"text":"Asia.","start":7073.79,"end":7074.19}]},{"text":"Hence, there's also a consensus that enjoyment of ECCE, including pre-primary education and secondary education, as basic necessities of life is essentially linked to their being available without fees, direct charges, and many of the indirect costs of education, including textbooks, stationery, transport, school uniforms, school meals, et cetera.","start":7074.67,"end":7093.87,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. 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Speakers discussed UN liquidity constraints, national budget pressures, tax and debt issues, and whether international cooperation obligations should help states expand free education without creating unmanageable burdens."}],"words":[{"text":"Similarly,","start":7181.71,"end":7182.43},{"text":"eliminating","start":7182.55,"end":7183.15},{"text":"corruption","start":7183.15,"end":7183.79},{"text":"will","start":7183.79,"end":7183.95},{"text":"release","start":7183.95,"end":7184.35},{"text":"much","start":7184.35,"end":7184.67},{"text":"needed","start":7184.67,"end":7184.91},{"text":"funds.","start":7184.91,"end":7185.39}]},{"text":"Transparency International notes that corruption in education is among the most significant barriers to realizing the universal right to education.","start":7185.67,"end":7191.91,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. 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The discussion often drew a distinction between having a common minimum right for all children and allowing states flexibility in how they implement that right."}],"words":[{"text":"Many","start":7217.23,"end":7217.51},{"text":"states,","start":7217.51,"end":7217.91},{"text":"especially","start":7217.91,"end":7218.43},{"text":"also","start":7218.43,"end":7218.63},{"text":"developed","start":7218.63,"end":7219.15},{"text":"states,","start":7219.15,"end":7219.63},{"text":"still","start":7219.87,"end":7220.19},{"text":"regard","start":7220.19,"end":7220.71},{"text":"these","start":7220.71,"end":7220.99},{"text":"forms","start":7220.99,"end":7221.27},{"text":"of","start":7221.27,"end":7221.35},{"text":"international","start":7221.35,"end":7221.83},{"text":"cooperation","start":7221.83,"end":7222.35},{"text":"on","start":7222.35,"end":7222.43},{"text":"tax","start":7222.51,"end":7222.79},{"text":"and","start":7222.79,"end":7222.91},{"text":"debt","start":7222.91,"end":7223.07},{"text":"questions","start":7223.07,"end":7223.55},{"text":"as","start":7223.55,"end":7223.71},{"text":"political","start":7223.71,"end":7224.19},{"text":"questions.","start":7224.19,"end":7224.83}]},{"text":"They are not, at least not anymore.","start":7225.31,"end":7227.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":7225.31,"end":7225.47},{"text":"are","start":7225.47,"end":7225.55},{"text":"not,","start":7225.55,"end":7225.95},{"text":"at","start":7226.03,"end":7226.19},{"text":"least","start":7226.19,"end":7226.47},{"text":"not","start":7226.47,"end":7226.67},{"text":"anymore.","start":7226.67,"end":7227.23}]},{"text":"The various UN human rights treaty committees repeatedly explain that states bear extraterritorial obligations under international human rights treaties to cooperate on these questions.","start":7227.71,"end":7236.43,"topics":[{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Cooperation","description":"Financing was a major topic, both in relation to states’ domestic capacity and to international support. 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Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7282.03,"end":7282.23},{"text":"it","start":7282.23,"end":7282.31},{"text":"should","start":7282.31,"end":7282.47},{"text":"also","start":7282.47,"end":7282.67},{"text":"be","start":7282.67,"end":7282.79},{"text":"remembered","start":7282.79,"end":7283.31},{"text":"that","start":7283.31,"end":7283.55},{"text":"noncompliance","start":7283.55,"end":7284.51},{"text":"with","start":7284.51,"end":7284.71},{"text":"a","start":7284.71,"end":7284.75},{"text":"minimum","start":7284.75,"end":7285.07},{"text":"core","start":7285.07,"end":7285.35},{"text":"obligation","start":7285.35,"end":7286.11},{"text":"for","start":7286.11,"end":7286.31},{"text":"a","start":7286.31,"end":7286.35},{"text":"genuine","start":7286.35,"end":7286.83},{"text":"lack","start":7286.83,"end":7287.11},{"text":"of","start":7287.11,"end":7287.23},{"text":"resources","start":7287.23,"end":7287.95},{"text":"will","start":7287.95,"end":7288.19},{"text":"not","start":7288.19,"end":7288.35},{"text":"constitute","start":7288.35,"end":7288.91},{"text":"a","start":7288.91,"end":7288.95},{"text":"violation","start":7288.95,"end":7289.47},{"text":"of","start":7289.47,"end":7289.55},{"text":"international","start":7289.55,"end":7290.39},{"text":"law.","start":7290.39,"end":7290.47}]},{"text":"The point of minimum co-obligations is just that this will have to be strictly and not just vaguely or reasonably demonstrated in the light of maximum efforts to recruit maximum available resources.","start":7291.07,"end":7302.19,"topics":[{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Cooperation","description":"Financing was a major topic, both in relation to states’ domestic capacity and to international support. Speakers discussed UN liquidity constraints, national budget pressures, tax and debt issues, and whether international cooperation obligations should help states expand free education without creating unmanageable burdens."},{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7291.07,"end":7291.23},{"text":"point","start":7291.23,"end":7291.51},{"text":"of","start":7291.51,"end":7291.59},{"text":"minimum","start":7291.59,"end":7291.87},{"text":"co-obligations","start":7291.87,"end":7292.75},{"text":"is","start":7292.75,"end":7292.91},{"text":"just","start":7292.91,"end":7293.27},{"text":"that","start":7293.27,"end":7293.63},{"text":"this","start":7293.95,"end":7294.27},{"text":"will","start":7294.27,"end":7294.43},{"text":"have","start":7294.43,"end":7294.67},{"text":"to","start":7294.67,"end":7294.75},{"text":"be","start":7294.75,"end":7294.91},{"text":"strictly","start":7294.91,"end":7295.47},{"text":"and","start":7295.47,"end":7295.67},{"text":"not","start":7295.67,"end":7295.99},{"text":"just","start":7295.99,"end":7296.23},{"text":"vaguely","start":7296.23,"end":7296.67},{"text":"or","start":7296.67,"end":7296.79},{"text":"reasonably","start":7296.79,"end":7297.31},{"text":"demonstrated","start":7297.31,"end":7298.19},{"text":"in","start":7298.67,"end":7298.83},{"text":"the","start":7298.83,"end":7298.91},{"text":"light","start":7298.91,"end":7299.15},{"text":"of","start":7299.15,"end":7299.31},{"text":"maximum","start":7299.31,"end":7299.71},{"text":"efforts","start":7299.71,"end":7300.03},{"text":"to","start":7300.03,"end":7300.15},{"text":"recruit","start":7300.15,"end":7300.59},{"text":"maximum","start":7300.67,"end":7301.15},{"text":"available","start":7301.15,"end":7301.51},{"text":"resources.","start":7301.51,"end":7302.19}]},{"text":"From this perspective, I dare say that a consensus exists like primary education, ECCE and secondary education of crucial importance, like primary education, pre-primary education and secondary education should be free, states are financially capable of realizing these forms of free education, and genuine inability to do so due to lack of resources does not amount to violation of international legal obligations.","start":7302.91,"end":7326.75,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."},{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."},{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Cooperation","description":"Financing was a major topic, both in relation to states’ domestic capacity and to international support. Speakers discussed UN liquidity constraints, national budget pressures, tax and debt issues, and whether international cooperation obligations should help states expand free education without creating unmanageable burdens."},{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"From","start":7302.91,"end":7303.23},{"text":"this","start":7303.23,"end":7303.87},{"text":"perspective,","start":7303.87,"end":7304.51},{"text":"I","start":7304.91,"end":7305.15},{"text":"dare","start":7305.15,"end":7305.39},{"text":"say","start":7305.39,"end":7305.71},{"text":"that","start":7305.71,"end":7305.87},{"text":"a","start":7305.87,"end":7305.91},{"text":"consensus","start":7305.91,"end":7306.47},{"text":"exists","start":7306.47,"end":7307.15},{"text":"like","start":7307.39,"end":7307.63},{"text":"primary","start":7307.63,"end":7308.03},{"text":"education,","start":7308.03,"end":7308.59},{"text":"ECCE","start":7308.67,"end":7309.07},{"text":"and","start":7309.19,"end":7309.35},{"text":"secondary","start":7309.35,"end":7309.75},{"text":"education","start":7309.75,"end":7310.19},{"text":"of","start":7310.19,"end":7310.35},{"text":"crucial","start":7310.35,"end":7310.67},{"text":"importance,","start":7310.67,"end":7311.39},{"text":"like","start":7311.71,"end":7311.91},{"text":"primary","start":7311.91,"end":7312.27},{"text":"education,","start":7312.27,"end":7312.83},{"text":"pre-primary","start":7312.83,"end":7313.31},{"text":"education","start":7313.31,"end":7313.67},{"text":"and","start":7313.67,"end":7313.79},{"text":"secondary","start":7313.79,"end":7314.35},{"text":"education","start":7314.39,"end":7314.91},{"text":"should","start":7314.91,"end":7315.11},{"text":"be","start":7315.11,"end":7315.23},{"text":"free,","start":7315.23,"end":7315.63},{"text":"states","start":7316.11,"end":7316.59},{"text":"are","start":7316.59,"end":7316.79},{"text":"financially","start":7316.79,"end":7317.31},{"text":"capable","start":7317.31,"end":7317.87},{"text":"of","start":7317.95,"end":7318.19},{"text":"realizing","start":7318.19,"end":7318.75},{"text":"these","start":7318.75,"end":7318.99},{"text":"forms","start":7318.99,"end":7319.27},{"text":"of","start":7319.27,"end":7319.35},{"text":"free","start":7319.35,"end":7319.51},{"text":"education,","start":7319.51,"end":7320.19},{"text":"and","start":7320.63,"end":7320.83},{"text":"genuine","start":7320.83,"end":7321.39},{"text":"inability","start":7321.47,"end":7322.11},{"text":"to","start":7322.11,"end":7322.31},{"text":"do","start":7322.31,"end":7322.55},{"text":"so","start":7322.55,"end":7322.67},{"text":"due","start":7322.67,"end":7322.91},{"text":"to","start":7322.91,"end":7323.07},{"text":"lack","start":7323.07,"end":7323.27},{"text":"of","start":7323.27,"end":7323.35},{"text":"resources","start":7323.35,"end":7323.95},{"text":"does","start":7323.95,"end":7324.11},{"text":"not","start":7324.11,"end":7324.31},{"text":"amount","start":7324.31,"end":7324.63},{"text":"to","start":7324.63,"end":7324.71},{"text":"violation","start":7324.71,"end":7325.15},{"text":"of","start":7325.15,"end":7325.23},{"text":"international","start":7325.23,"end":7325.75},{"text":"legal","start":7325.75,"end":7325.99},{"text":"obligations.","start":7325.99,"end":7326.75}]},{"text":"Now before I turn to some common questions regarding the Optional Protocol, let me first say something about minimum core obligations.","start":7327.39,"end":7333.71,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":7327.39,"end":7327.55},{"text":"before","start":7327.55,"end":7327.99},{"text":"I","start":7327.99,"end":7328.03},{"text":"turn","start":7328.03,"end":7328.35},{"text":"to","start":7328.35,"end":7328.43},{"text":"some","start":7328.43,"end":7328.67},{"text":"common","start":7328.75,"end":7329.07},{"text":"questions","start":7329.07,"end":7329.63},{"text":"regarding","start":7329.63,"end":7330.03},{"text":"the","start":7330.03,"end":7330.11},{"text":"Optional","start":7330.11,"end":7330.39},{"text":"Protocol,","start":7330.39,"end":7330.87},{"text":"let","start":7330.87,"end":7331.07},{"text":"me","start":7331.07,"end":7331.23},{"text":"first","start":7331.39,"end":7331.71},{"text":"say","start":7331.71,"end":7331.83},{"text":"something","start":7331.83,"end":7332.15},{"text":"about","start":7332.15,"end":7332.35},{"text":"minimum","start":7332.35,"end":7332.67},{"text":"core","start":7332.67,"end":7332.87},{"text":"obligations.","start":7332.87,"end":7333.71}]},{"text":"In its general comment number three of 1990, the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights held with regard to ICESCR, a minimum core obligation to ensure the satisfaction of at the very least minimum essential levels of each covenant rights is incumbent on every state party.","start":7334.27,"end":7348.91,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."},{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Cooperation","description":"Financing was a major topic, both in relation to states’ domestic capacity and to international support. Speakers discussed UN liquidity constraints, national budget pressures, tax and debt issues, and whether international cooperation obligations should help states expand free education without creating unmanageable burdens."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7334.27,"end":7334.39},{"text":"its","start":7334.39,"end":7334.51},{"text":"general","start":7334.51,"end":7334.87},{"text":"comment","start":7334.87,"end":7335.15},{"text":"number","start":7335.15,"end":7335.39},{"text":"three","start":7335.39,"end":7335.55},{"text":"of","start":7335.55,"end":7335.67},{"text":"1990,","start":7335.67,"end":7336.43},{"text":"the","start":7336.43,"end":7336.63},{"text":"Committee","start":7336.91,"end":7337.19},{"text":"on","start":7337.19,"end":7337.31},{"text":"Economic,","start":7337.31,"end":7337.63},{"text":"Social","start":7337.63,"end":7337.91},{"text":"and","start":7337.91,"end":7338.03},{"text":"Cultural","start":7338.03,"end":7338.39},{"text":"Rights","start":7338.39,"end":7338.59},{"text":"held","start":7338.59,"end":7338.83},{"text":"with","start":7338.83,"end":7338.95},{"text":"regard","start":7338.95,"end":7339.27},{"text":"to","start":7339.27,"end":7339.39},{"text":"ICESCR,","start":7339.39,"end":7340.35},{"text":"a","start":7340.75,"end":7340.83},{"text":"minimum","start":7340.83,"end":7341.23},{"text":"core","start":7341.31,"end":7341.63},{"text":"obligation","start":7341.63,"end":7342.27},{"text":"to","start":7342.27,"end":7342.47},{"text":"ensure","start":7342.47,"end":7342.75},{"text":"the","start":7342.75,"end":7342.87},{"text":"satisfaction","start":7342.87,"end":7343.55},{"text":"of","start":7343.55,"end":7343.71},{"text":"at","start":7343.71,"end":7343.79},{"text":"the","start":7343.79,"end":7343.91},{"text":"very","start":7343.91,"end":7344.15},{"text":"least","start":7344.15,"end":7344.39},{"text":"minimum","start":7344.39,"end":7344.99},{"text":"essential","start":7344.99,"end":7345.51},{"text":"levels","start":7345.51,"end":7345.87},{"text":"of","start":7345.87,"end":7346.03},{"text":"each","start":7346.07,"end":7346.27},{"text":"covenant","start":7346.27,"end":7346.63},{"text":"rights","start":7346.63,"end":7346.91},{"text":"is","start":7346.91,"end":7347.07},{"text":"incumbent","start":7347.07,"end":7347.63},{"text":"on","start":7347.71,"end":7347.95},{"text":"every","start":7347.95,"end":7348.19},{"text":"state","start":7348.19,"end":7348.51},{"text":"party.","start":7348.51,"end":7348.91}]},{"text":"Thus, for example, a state in which any significant number of individuals is deprived of basic forms of education is prima facie failing to discharge its obligations under the Covenant, hence it is violating international law.","start":7349.55,"end":7362.15,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."},{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. 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Speakers discussed UN liquidity constraints, national budget pressures, tax and debt issues, and whether international cooperation obligations should help states expand free education without creating unmanageable burdens."},{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. 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Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":7381.15,"end":7381.71},{"text":"the","start":7381.95,"end":7382.07},{"text":"test","start":7382.11,"end":7382.47},{"text":"for","start":7382.47,"end":7382.59},{"text":"non-compliance","start":7382.59,"end":7383.31},{"text":"now","start":7383.31,"end":7383.55},{"text":"becomes","start":7383.55,"end":7383.91},{"text":"a","start":7383.91,"end":7383.95},{"text":"strict","start":7383.95,"end":7384.31},{"text":"one.","start":7384.31,"end":7384.59}]},{"text":"The test changes from a discretionary one of whether the state has taken reasonable measures to achieve the right to a strict one of whether every effort has been made by the state to use all resources that are at its disposition in an effort to satisfy as a matter of priority those minimum obligations.","start":7384.83,"end":7401.15,"topics":[{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Cooperation","description":"Financing was a major topic, both in relation to states’ domestic capacity and to international support. Speakers discussed UN liquidity constraints, national budget pressures, tax and debt issues, and whether international cooperation obligations should help states expand free education without creating unmanageable burdens."},{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. 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Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7401.67,"end":7401.91},{"text":"to","start":7401.91,"end":7402.03},{"text":"repeat,","start":7402.03,"end":7402.39},{"text":"if","start":7402.79,"end":7403.03},{"text":"the","start":7403.03,"end":7403.15},{"text":"covenant","start":7403.15,"end":7403.67},{"text":"were","start":7403.67,"end":7403.83},{"text":"to","start":7403.83,"end":7403.91},{"text":"be","start":7403.91,"end":7404.07},{"text":"read","start":7404.07,"end":7404.23},{"text":"in","start":7404.23,"end":7404.31},{"text":"such","start":7404.31,"end":7404.59},{"text":"a","start":7404.59,"end":7404.63},{"text":"way","start":7404.63,"end":7404.79},{"text":"as","start":7404.79,"end":7404.95},{"text":"not","start":7404.95,"end":7405.31},{"text":"to","start":7405.31,"end":7405.39},{"text":"establish","start":7405.39,"end":7405.83},{"text":"such","start":7405.83,"end":7406.19},{"text":"a","start":7406.19,"end":7406.23},{"text":"minimum","start":7406.23,"end":7406.63},{"text":"core","start":7406.63,"end":7406.83},{"text":"obligation,","start":7406.83,"end":7407.43},{"text":"it","start":7407.43,"end":7407.67},{"text":"would","start":7407.67,"end":7407.87},{"text":"be","start":7407.87,"end":7407.99},{"text":"largely","start":7407.99,"end":7408.47},{"text":"deprived","start":7408.47,"end":7408.95},{"text":"of","start":7408.95,"end":7409.03},{"text":"its","start":7409.03,"end":7409.27},{"text":"raison","start":7409.27,"end":7409.55},{"text":"d'etre.","start":7409.55,"end":7410.15}]},{"text":"Guided by the work of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Committee on the Rights of the Child has also in 2007 adopted the concept of minimum core obligations.","start":7411.19,"end":7419.59,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"Guided","start":7411.19,"end":7411.51},{"text":"by","start":7411.51,"end":7411.63},{"text":"the","start":7411.63,"end":7411.75},{"text":"work","start":7411.75,"end":7412.07},{"text":"of","start":7412.15,"end":7412.47},{"text":"the","start":7412.79,"end":7412.91},{"text":"Committee","start":7412.95,"end":7413.23},{"text":"on","start":7413.23,"end":7413.31},{"text":"Economic,","start":7413.31,"end":7413.67},{"text":"Social","start":7413.67,"end":7413.87},{"text":"and","start":7413.87,"end":7413.99},{"text":"Cultural","start":7413.99,"end":7414.35},{"text":"Rights,","start":7414.35,"end":7414.55},{"text":"the","start":7414.55,"end":7414.63},{"text":"Committee","start":7414.63,"end":7414.91},{"text":"on","start":7414.91,"end":7414.99},{"text":"the","start":7414.99,"end":7415.07},{"text":"Rights","start":7415.07,"end":7415.27},{"text":"of","start":7415.27,"end":7415.35},{"text":"the","start":7415.35,"end":7415.43},{"text":"Child","start":7415.43,"end":7415.75},{"text":"has","start":7415.75,"end":7415.91},{"text":"also","start":7415.91,"end":7416.19},{"text":"in","start":7416.19,"end":7416.31},{"text":"2007","start":7416.31,"end":7417.19},{"text":"adopted","start":7417.19,"end":7417.59},{"text":"the","start":7417.59,"end":7417.67},{"text":"concept","start":7417.67,"end":7418.11},{"text":"of","start":7418.11,"end":7418.23},{"text":"minimum","start":7418.23,"end":7418.55},{"text":"core","start":7418.55,"end":7418.75},{"text":"obligations.","start":7418.75,"end":7419.59}]},{"text":"Yet that committee has been very soft in its applications.","start":7420.07,"end":7423.35,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"Yet","start":7420.07,"end":7420.47},{"text":"that","start":7420.47,"end":7420.79},{"text":"committee","start":7420.79,"end":7421.19},{"text":"has","start":7421.19,"end":7421.43},{"text":"been","start":7421.43,"end":7421.59},{"text":"very","start":7421.59,"end":7421.83},{"text":"soft","start":7421.83,"end":7422.15},{"text":"in","start":7422.15,"end":7422.27},{"text":"its","start":7422.27,"end":7422.39},{"text":"applications.","start":7422.39,"end":7423.35}]},{"text":"I would urge the committee to take a violations approach to convention rights more seriously.","start":7423.67,"end":7428.39,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7423.67,"end":7423.83},{"text":"would","start":7423.83,"end":7424.07},{"text":"urge","start":7424.07,"end":7424.31},{"text":"the","start":7424.31,"end":7424.43},{"text":"committee","start":7424.43,"end":7424.91},{"text":"to","start":7424.91,"end":7424.99},{"text":"take","start":7424.99,"end":7425.27},{"text":"a","start":7425.27,"end":7425.31},{"text":"violations","start":7425.31,"end":7425.91},{"text":"approach","start":7425.91,"end":7426.39},{"text":"to","start":7426.39,"end":7426.59},{"text":"convention","start":7426.59,"end":7427.19},{"text":"rights","start":7427.19,"end":7427.51},{"text":"more","start":7427.51,"end":7427.67},{"text":"seriously.","start":7427.67,"end":7428.39}]},{"text":"As the first United Nations special rapporteur on the right to education, Katarina Tomaszewska, emphasized at the beginning of the century, nothing has more mobilizing power towards state compliance than calling reprehensible noncompliance a human rights violation.","start":7429.03,"end":7442.31,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":7429.03,"end":7429.27},{"text":"the","start":7429.27,"end":7429.35},{"text":"first","start":7429.35,"end":7429.59},{"text":"United","start":7429.59,"end":7429.91},{"text":"Nations","start":7429.91,"end":7430.19},{"text":"special","start":7430.19,"end":7430.51},{"text":"rapporteur","start":7430.51,"end":7430.87},{"text":"on","start":7430.87,"end":7430.95},{"text":"the","start":7430.95,"end":7431.03},{"text":"right","start":7431.03,"end":7431.15},{"text":"to","start":7431.15,"end":7431.23},{"text":"education,","start":7431.23,"end":7431.75},{"text":"Katarina","start":7431.75,"end":7432.15},{"text":"Tomaszewska,","start":7432.15,"end":7432.95},{"text":"emphasized","start":7432.95,"end":7433.51},{"text":"at","start":7433.51,"end":7433.59},{"text":"the","start":7433.59,"end":7433.67},{"text":"beginning","start":7433.67,"end":7433.99},{"text":"of","start":7433.99,"end":7434.07},{"text":"the","start":7434.07,"end":7434.19},{"text":"century,","start":7434.19,"end":7434.79},{"text":"nothing","start":7435.11,"end":7435.67},{"text":"has","start":7435.67,"end":7435.99},{"text":"more","start":7435.99,"end":7436.23},{"text":"mobilizing","start":7436.23,"end":7436.95},{"text":"power","start":7436.95,"end":7437.43},{"text":"towards","start":7437.43,"end":7437.79},{"text":"state","start":7437.79,"end":7438.07},{"text":"compliance","start":7438.07,"end":7438.79},{"text":"than","start":7438.79,"end":7439.03},{"text":"calling","start":7439.03,"end":7439.51},{"text":"reprehensible","start":7439.51,"end":7440.23},{"text":"noncompliance","start":7440.23,"end":7441.15},{"text":"a","start":7441.15,"end":7441.19},{"text":"human","start":7441.19,"end":7441.47},{"text":"rights","start":7441.47,"end":7441.71},{"text":"violation.","start":7441.71,"end":7442.31}]},{"text":"To repeat, noncompliance with a core right constitutes a prima facie violation of the underlying right that needs to be strictly, not just reasonably justified.","start":7442.95,"end":7451.11,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":7442.95,"end":7443.07},{"text":"repeat,","start":7443.07,"end":7443.43},{"text":"noncompliance","start":7443.91,"end":7444.87},{"text":"with","start":7444.87,"end":7445.03},{"text":"a","start":7445.03,"end":7445.07},{"text":"core","start":7445.07,"end":7445.39},{"text":"right","start":7445.39,"end":7445.55},{"text":"constitutes","start":7445.55,"end":7446.19},{"text":"a","start":7446.19,"end":7446.23},{"text":"prima","start":7446.23,"end":7446.63},{"text":"facie","start":7446.63,"end":7446.95},{"text":"violation","start":7446.95,"end":7447.43},{"text":"of","start":7447.43,"end":7447.51},{"text":"the","start":7447.51,"end":7447.63},{"text":"underlying","start":7447.63,"end":7448.07},{"text":"right","start":7448.07,"end":7448.31},{"text":"that","start":7448.31,"end":7448.47},{"text":"needs","start":7448.47,"end":7448.67},{"text":"to","start":7448.67,"end":7448.75},{"text":"be","start":7448.75,"end":7448.87},{"text":"strictly,","start":7448.87,"end":7449.43},{"text":"not","start":7449.43,"end":7449.71},{"text":"just","start":7449.71,"end":7449.91},{"text":"reasonably","start":7449.91,"end":7450.39},{"text":"justified.","start":7450.39,"end":7451.11}]},{"text":"And core right needs to be realized immediately and with a high degree of urgency.","start":7451.51,"end":7455.83,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7451.51,"end":7451.75},{"text":"core","start":7451.83,"end":7452.19},{"text":"right","start":7452.19,"end":7452.39},{"text":"needs","start":7452.39,"end":7452.71},{"text":"to","start":7452.71,"end":7452.83},{"text":"be","start":7452.83,"end":7453.03},{"text":"realized","start":7453.03,"end":7453.43},{"text":"immediately","start":7453.43,"end":7454.15},{"text":"and","start":7454.15,"end":7454.27},{"text":"with","start":7454.27,"end":7454.43},{"text":"a","start":7454.43,"end":7454.47},{"text":"high","start":7454.47,"end":7454.63},{"text":"degree","start":7454.63,"end":7454.95},{"text":"of","start":7454.95,"end":7455.11},{"text":"urgency.","start":7455.11,"end":7455.83}]},{"text":"This point is very strongly emphasized by the principles and guidelines on the implementation of economic, social and cultural rights in the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights.","start":7456.11,"end":7464.91,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. 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Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"Legal","start":7511.83,"end":7512.23},{"text":"obligations","start":7512.23,"end":7513.03},{"text":"related","start":7513.03,"end":7513.39},{"text":"to","start":7513.39,"end":7513.47},{"text":"basic","start":7513.47,"end":7513.87},{"text":"forms","start":7513.87,"end":7514.15},{"text":"of","start":7514.15,"end":7514.27},{"text":"education","start":7514.27,"end":7514.79},{"text":"are","start":7514.79,"end":7514.95},{"text":"inherently","start":7514.95,"end":7515.51},{"text":"related","start":7515.51,"end":7515.91},{"text":"to","start":7515.91,"end":7516.07},{"text":"the","start":7516.07,"end":7516.19},{"text":"object","start":7516.19,"end":7516.59},{"text":"and","start":7516.59,"end":7516.71},{"text":"purpose","start":7516.71,"end":7517.19},{"text":"of","start":7517.19,"end":7517.35},{"text":"the","start":7517.35,"end":7517.51},{"text":"Convention","start":7517.99,"end":7518.43},{"text":"on","start":7518.43,"end":7518.51},{"text":"the","start":7518.51,"end":7518.59},{"text":"Rights","start":7518.59,"end":7518.83},{"text":"of","start":7518.83,"end":7518.95},{"text":"the","start":7518.95,"end":7519.03},{"text":"Child.","start":7519.03,"end":7519.43}]},{"text":"We could also say without minimum co-obligations in this regard, the CRC would be largely deprived of its raison d'etre.","start":7519.87,"end":7526.27,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7519.87,"end":7520.03},{"text":"could","start":7520.03,"end":7520.19},{"text":"also","start":7520.19,"end":7520.47},{"text":"say","start":7520.47,"end":7520.75},{"text":"without","start":7520.75,"end":7521.07},{"text":"minimum","start":7521.07,"end":7521.39},{"text":"co-obligations","start":7521.39,"end":7522.19},{"text":"in","start":7522.19,"end":7522.27},{"text":"this","start":7522.27,"end":7522.47},{"text":"regard,","start":7522.47,"end":7522.83},{"text":"the","start":7522.83,"end":7522.91},{"text":"CRC","start":7522.91,"end":7523.55},{"text":"would","start":7523.55,"end":7523.79},{"text":"be","start":7523.79,"end":7523.91},{"text":"largely","start":7523.91,"end":7524.43},{"text":"deprived","start":7524.43,"end":7524.99},{"text":"of","start":7524.99,"end":7525.15},{"text":"its","start":7525.15,"end":7525.39},{"text":"raison","start":7525.39,"end":7525.71},{"text":"d'etre.","start":7525.71,"end":7526.27}]},{"text":"Now some say the CRC already contains a right to ECCE.","start":7527.15,"end":7530.03,"topics":[{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."}],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":7527.15,"end":7527.39},{"text":"some","start":7527.39,"end":7527.63},{"text":"say","start":7527.63,"end":7527.87},{"text":"the","start":7528.03,"end":7528.19},{"text":"CRC","start":7528.19,"end":7528.75},{"text":"already","start":7528.75,"end":7529.03},{"text":"contains","start":7529.03,"end":7529.51},{"text":"a","start":7529.51,"end":7529.55},{"text":"right","start":7529.55,"end":7529.83},{"text":"to","start":7529.83,"end":7529.91},{"text":"ECCE.","start":7529.91,"end":7530.03}]},{"text":"It is implied in Article 6.2 on the child's right to development and Article 29.1 requiring education to be directed at the development of the child's personality.","start":7530.03,"end":7538.75,"topics":[{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. 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Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":7549.47,"end":7549.75},{"text":"already","start":7549.75,"end":7550.03},{"text":"statements","start":7550.03,"end":7551.15},{"text":"regarding","start":7551.15,"end":7551.63},{"text":"free","start":7551.63,"end":7551.87},{"text":"education","start":7551.87,"end":7552.59},{"text":"are","start":7552.91,"end":7552.99},{"text":"not","start":7552.99,"end":7553.23},{"text":"very","start":7553.23,"end":7553.51},{"text":"clear.","start":7553.51,"end":7553.95}]},{"text":"An analysis of the concluding observations issued by the Committee on the Rights of the Child, but also other treaty committees, shows that the bodies often consider States parties to be obliged to provide ECCE or secondary education that is affordable rather than free.","start":7553.95,"end":7567.63,"topics":[{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."},{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."}],"words":[{"text":"An","start":7553.95,"end":7554.03},{"text":"analysis","start":7554.27,"end":7554.95},{"text":"of","start":7554.95,"end":7555.07},{"text":"the","start":7555.07,"end":7555.15},{"text":"concluding","start":7555.15,"end":7555.71},{"text":"observations","start":7555.71,"end":7556.35},{"text":"issued","start":7556.35,"end":7556.75},{"text":"by","start":7556.83,"end":7557.07},{"text":"the","start":7557.07,"end":7557.15},{"text":"Committee","start":7557.15,"end":7557.47},{"text":"on","start":7557.47,"end":7557.55},{"text":"the","start":7557.55,"end":7557.67},{"text":"Rights","start":7557.67,"end":7557.91},{"text":"of","start":7557.91,"end":7557.99},{"text":"the","start":7557.99,"end":7558.07},{"text":"Child,","start":7558.11,"end":7558.43},{"text":"but","start":7558.43,"end":7558.55},{"text":"also","start":7558.55,"end":7558.79},{"text":"other","start":7558.79,"end":7558.99},{"text":"treaty","start":7558.99,"end":7559.23},{"text":"committees,","start":7559.23,"end":7559.67},{"text":"shows","start":7559.67,"end":7560.19},{"text":"that","start":7560.19,"end":7560.35},{"text":"the","start":7560.35,"end":7560.43},{"text":"bodies","start":7560.43,"end":7560.91},{"text":"often","start":7560.91,"end":7561.23},{"text":"consider","start":7561.23,"end":7561.63},{"text":"States","start":7561.63,"end":7561.95},{"text":"parties","start":7561.95,"end":7562.35},{"text":"to","start":7562.35,"end":7562.43},{"text":"be","start":7562.43,"end":7562.55},{"text":"obliged","start":7562.55,"end":7563.15},{"text":"to","start":7563.55,"end":7563.67},{"text":"provide","start":7563.67,"end":7564.11},{"text":"ECCE","start":7564.11,"end":7564.23},{"text":"or","start":7564.23,"end":7564.31},{"text":"secondary","start":7564.31,"end":7564.91},{"text":"education","start":7564.91,"end":7565.79},{"text":"that","start":7565.79,"end":7565.95},{"text":"is","start":7565.95,"end":7566.03},{"text":"affordable","start":7566.03,"end":7566.75},{"text":"rather","start":7566.75,"end":7567.15},{"text":"than","start":7567.15,"end":7567.31},{"text":"free.","start":7567.31,"end":7567.63}]},{"text":"A recent study by Todres and Alexander reviewing the Committee on the Rights of the Child's concluding observations has shown that the Committee has clearly called for universal preschool pre-primary education in only 5% and free secondary education only 8% of its concluding observations.","start":7568.43,"end":7584.27,"topics":[{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":7568.43,"end":7568.47},{"text":"recent","start":7568.47,"end":7568.79},{"text":"study","start":7568.79,"end":7569.11},{"text":"by","start":7569.11,"end":7569.31},{"text":"Todres","start":7569.31,"end":7569.75},{"text":"and","start":7569.75,"end":7569.87},{"text":"Alexander","start":7569.87,"end":7570.71},{"text":"reviewing","start":7570.71,"end":7571.15},{"text":"the","start":7571.15,"end":7571.27},{"text":"Committee","start":7571.27,"end":7571.67},{"text":"on","start":7571.67,"end":7571.75},{"text":"the","start":7571.75,"end":7571.83},{"text":"Rights","start":7571.83,"end":7572.07},{"text":"of","start":7572.07,"end":7572.15},{"text":"the","start":7572.15,"end":7572.27},{"text":"Child's","start":7572.27,"end":7572.63},{"text":"concluding","start":7572.63,"end":7573.11},{"text":"observations","start":7573.11,"end":7573.79},{"text":"has","start":7573.79,"end":7573.91},{"text":"shown","start":7573.91,"end":7574.35},{"text":"that","start":7574.35,"end":7574.47},{"text":"the","start":7574.47,"end":7574.59},{"text":"Committee","start":7574.59,"end":7575.15},{"text":"has","start":7575.71,"end":7575.87},{"text":"clearly","start":7575.87,"end":7576.27},{"text":"called","start":7576.27,"end":7576.67},{"text":"for","start":7576.67,"end":7576.79},{"text":"universal","start":7576.79,"end":7577.31},{"text":"preschool","start":7577.31,"end":7578.11},{"text":"pre-primary","start":7578.11,"end":7578.71},{"text":"education","start":7578.71,"end":7579.47},{"text":"in","start":7579.47,"end":7579.55},{"text":"only","start":7579.55,"end":7579.87},{"text":"5%","start":7580.03,"end":7580.07},{"text":"and","start":7580.11,"end":7580.43},{"text":"free","start":7580.91,"end":7581.07},{"text":"secondary","start":7581.07,"end":7581.51},{"text":"education","start":7581.51,"end":7581.87},{"text":"only","start":7581.87,"end":7582.23},{"text":"8%","start":7582.23,"end":7582.27},{"text":"of","start":7582.27,"end":7582.35},{"text":"its","start":7582.35,"end":7582.99},{"text":"concluding","start":7582.99,"end":7583.51},{"text":"observations.","start":7583.51,"end":7584.27}]},{"text":"The authors link this low rate of exhortation to an absence of **** **** legal obligations.","start":7584.67,"end":7589.79,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7584.67,"end":7584.83},{"text":"authors","start":7584.83,"end":7585.23},{"text":"link","start":7585.23,"end":7585.51},{"text":"this","start":7585.51,"end":7585.79},{"text":"low","start":7585.87,"end":7586.11},{"text":"rate","start":7586.11,"end":7586.43},{"text":"of","start":7586.43,"end":7586.59},{"text":"exhortation","start":7586.59,"end":7587.19},{"text":"to","start":7587.19,"end":7587.27},{"text":"an","start":7587.27,"end":7587.39},{"text":"absence","start":7587.39,"end":7587.87},{"text":"of","start":7587.87,"end":7588.07},{"text":"****","start":7588.07,"end":7588.35},{"text":"****","start":7588.35,"end":7588.51},{"text":"legal","start":7588.51,"end":7588.87},{"text":"obligations.","start":7588.87,"end":7589.79}]},{"text":"In this general comment number seven, the Committee on the Rights of the Child states, \"We recognize with appreciation that some states are planning to make one year of preschool education available and free of cost for all.","start":7590.51,"end":7602.27,"topics":[{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."},{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7590.51,"end":7590.63},{"text":"this","start":7590.63,"end":7590.75},{"text":"general","start":7590.75,"end":7591.03},{"text":"comment","start":7591.03,"end":7591.27},{"text":"number","start":7591.27,"end":7591.51},{"text":"seven,","start":7591.51,"end":7591.79},{"text":"the","start":7591.79,"end":7591.87},{"text":"Committee","start":7591.87,"end":7592.15},{"text":"on","start":7592.15,"end":7592.23},{"text":"the","start":7592.23,"end":7592.31},{"text":"Rights","start":7592.31,"end":7592.55},{"text":"of","start":7592.55,"end":7592.67},{"text":"the","start":7592.67,"end":7592.75},{"text":"Child","start":7592.75,"end":7593.07},{"text":"states,","start":7593.07,"end":7593.47},{"text":"\"We","start":7593.47,"end":7593.63},{"text":"recognize","start":7593.79,"end":7594.67},{"text":"with","start":7594.67,"end":7594.87},{"text":"appreciation","start":7594.87,"end":7595.87},{"text":"that","start":7596.11,"end":7596.27},{"text":"some","start":7596.27,"end":7596.51},{"text":"states","start":7596.51,"end":7597.15},{"text":"are","start":7597.15,"end":7597.27},{"text":"planning","start":7597.27,"end":7597.87},{"text":"to","start":7597.87,"end":7597.99},{"text":"make","start":7597.99,"end":7598.27},{"text":"one","start":7598.27,"end":7598.51},{"text":"year","start":7598.51,"end":7598.63},{"text":"of","start":7598.63,"end":7598.75},{"text":"preschool","start":7598.75,"end":7599.23},{"text":"education","start":7599.23,"end":7599.67},{"text":"available","start":7599.67,"end":7600.71},{"text":"and","start":7600.71,"end":7600.83},{"text":"free","start":7601.15,"end":7601.35},{"text":"of","start":7601.35,"end":7601.47},{"text":"cost","start":7601.47,"end":7601.87},{"text":"for","start":7601.87,"end":7602.03},{"text":"all.","start":7602.03,"end":7602.27}]},{"text":"This is of course not the language of obligations, let alone the language of minimum core obligations.","start":7602.99,"end":7607.79,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":7602.99,"end":7603.15},{"text":"is","start":7603.15,"end":7603.27},{"text":"of","start":7603.27,"end":7603.39},{"text":"course","start":7603.39,"end":7603.63},{"text":"not","start":7603.63,"end":7603.87},{"text":"the","start":7603.87,"end":7603.95},{"text":"language","start":7603.95,"end":7604.35},{"text":"of","start":7604.35,"end":7604.51},{"text":"obligations,","start":7604.51,"end":7605.23},{"text":"let","start":7605.23,"end":7605.39},{"text":"alone","start":7605.39,"end":7605.63},{"text":"the","start":7605.63,"end":7605.71},{"text":"language","start":7605.71,"end":7606.07},{"text":"of","start":7606.07,"end":7606.19},{"text":"minimum","start":7606.19,"end":7606.51},{"text":"core","start":7606.51,"end":7606.87},{"text":"obligations.","start":7606.87,"end":7607.79}]},{"text":"This cannot be said to reflect the urgency underlying a minimum core approach.","start":7608.35,"end":7612.51,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":7608.35,"end":7608.67},{"text":"cannot","start":7608.67,"end":7608.95},{"text":"be","start":7608.95,"end":7609.07},{"text":"said","start":7609.07,"end":7609.27},{"text":"to","start":7609.27,"end":7609.35},{"text":"reflect","start":7609.35,"end":7609.87},{"text":"the","start":7609.87,"end":7609.95},{"text":"urgency","start":7609.95,"end":7610.47},{"text":"underlying","start":7610.47,"end":7611.03},{"text":"a","start":7611.03,"end":7611.07},{"text":"minimum","start":7611.07,"end":7611.55},{"text":"core","start":7611.55,"end":7611.83},{"text":"approach.","start":7611.83,"end":7612.51}]},{"text":"A minimum core approach under a hard law optional protocol would create a new culture of justification regarding insufficient progress in implementing ECCE, including free pre-primary education and free secondary education, difficult to install under soft law.","start":7613.15,"end":7626.95,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."},{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":7613.15,"end":7613.19},{"text":"minimum","start":7613.19,"end":7613.55},{"text":"core","start":7613.55,"end":7613.75},{"text":"approach","start":7613.75,"end":7614.19},{"text":"under","start":7614.19,"end":7614.51},{"text":"a","start":7614.51,"end":7614.55},{"text":"hard","start":7614.55,"end":7614.91},{"text":"law","start":7614.91,"end":7615.03},{"text":"optional","start":7615.03,"end":7615.31},{"text":"protocol","start":7615.31,"end":7615.87},{"text":"would","start":7615.87,"end":7616.07},{"text":"create","start":7616.07,"end":7616.47},{"text":"a","start":7616.47,"end":7616.51},{"text":"new","start":7616.51,"end":7616.75},{"text":"culture","start":7616.75,"end":7617.19},{"text":"of","start":7617.19,"end":7617.31},{"text":"justification","start":7617.31,"end":7618.27},{"text":"regarding","start":7618.27,"end":7618.71},{"text":"insufficient","start":7618.71,"end":7619.27},{"text":"progress","start":7619.27,"end":7619.71},{"text":"in","start":7619.71,"end":7619.79},{"text":"implementing","start":7619.79,"end":7621.11},{"text":"ECCE,","start":7621.11,"end":7621.23},{"text":"including","start":7621.55,"end":7621.95},{"text":"free","start":7621.95,"end":7622.11},{"text":"pre-primary","start":7622.11,"end":7622.67},{"text":"education","start":7622.67,"end":7623.15},{"text":"and","start":7623.15,"end":7623.27},{"text":"free","start":7623.27,"end":7623.39},{"text":"secondary","start":7623.39,"end":7623.87},{"text":"education,","start":7623.87,"end":7624.43},{"text":"difficult","start":7624.75,"end":7625.35},{"text":"to","start":7625.35,"end":7625.43},{"text":"install","start":7625.43,"end":7625.95},{"text":"under","start":7625.95,"end":7626.23},{"text":"soft","start":7626.23,"end":7626.59},{"text":"law.","start":7626.59,"end":7626.95}]},{"text":"Under an optional protocol, it would be much more difficult for states parties to succeed with easy excuses alleging that they do not have sufficient resources to realize these rights domestically but also extraterritorially.","start":7627.99,"end":7639.11,"topics":[{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Cooperation","description":"Financing was a major topic, both in relation to states’ domestic capacity and to international support. Speakers discussed UN liquidity constraints, national budget pressures, tax and debt issues, and whether international cooperation obligations should help states expand free education without creating unmanageable burdens."},{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"Under","start":7627.99,"end":7628.23},{"text":"an","start":7628.23,"end":7628.31},{"text":"optional","start":7628.31,"end":7628.59},{"text":"protocol,","start":7628.59,"end":7629.11},{"text":"it","start":7629.11,"end":7629.27},{"text":"would","start":7629.27,"end":7629.51},{"text":"be","start":7629.51,"end":7629.67},{"text":"much","start":7629.67,"end":7629.99},{"text":"more","start":7629.99,"end":7630.15},{"text":"difficult","start":7630.15,"end":7630.63},{"text":"for","start":7630.63,"end":7630.79},{"text":"states","start":7630.79,"end":7631.19},{"text":"parties","start":7631.19,"end":7631.59},{"text":"to","start":7631.59,"end":7631.71},{"text":"succeed","start":7631.71,"end":7632.23},{"text":"with","start":7632.23,"end":7632.39},{"text":"easy","start":7632.39,"end":7632.71},{"text":"excuses","start":7632.71,"end":7633.43},{"text":"alleging","start":7633.67,"end":7634.07},{"text":"that","start":7634.07,"end":7634.27},{"text":"they","start":7634.27,"end":7634.39},{"text":"do","start":7634.39,"end":7634.55},{"text":"not","start":7634.55,"end":7634.71},{"text":"have","start":7634.71,"end":7634.87},{"text":"sufficient","start":7634.87,"end":7635.31},{"text":"resources","start":7635.31,"end":7635.83},{"text":"to","start":7635.83,"end":7635.95},{"text":"realize","start":7635.95,"end":7636.39},{"text":"these","start":7636.39,"end":7636.55},{"text":"rights","start":7636.55,"end":7636.83},{"text":"domestically","start":7636.83,"end":7637.51},{"text":"but","start":7637.51,"end":7637.71},{"text":"also","start":7637.71,"end":7637.95},{"text":"extraterritorially.","start":7637.99,"end":7639.11}]},{"text":"The question, of course, is whether a general comment by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights or the Committee on the Rights of the Child could confirm the existence of rights to ECCE, including free pre-primary education and free secondary education in the primary treaties, and also their status as claims giving rise to minimum core obligations.","start":7639.91,"end":7657.27,"topics":[{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."},{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."},{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7639.91,"end":7640.07},{"text":"question,","start":7640.07,"end":7640.35},{"text":"of","start":7640.35,"end":7640.47},{"text":"course,","start":7640.47,"end":7640.67},{"text":"is","start":7640.67,"end":7640.79},{"text":"whether","start":7640.79,"end":7641.07},{"text":"a","start":7641.07,"end":7641.11},{"text":"general","start":7641.11,"end":7641.43},{"text":"comment","start":7641.43,"end":7641.83},{"text":"by","start":7642.15,"end":7642.55},{"text":"the","start":7642.71,"end":7642.87},{"text":"Committee","start":7642.87,"end":7643.27},{"text":"on","start":7643.27,"end":7643.43},{"text":"Economic,","start":7643.47,"end":7643.83},{"text":"Social","start":7643.83,"end":7644.07},{"text":"and","start":7644.07,"end":7644.19},{"text":"Cultural","start":7644.19,"end":7644.51},{"text":"Rights","start":7644.51,"end":7644.71},{"text":"or","start":7644.71,"end":7645.03},{"text":"the","start":7645.03,"end":7645.19},{"text":"Committee","start":7645.19,"end":7645.43},{"text":"on","start":7645.43,"end":7645.51},{"text":"the","start":7645.51,"end":7645.63},{"text":"Rights","start":7645.63,"end":7645.83},{"text":"of","start":7645.83,"end":7645.91},{"text":"the","start":7645.91,"end":7646.03},{"text":"Child","start":7646.03,"end":7646.39},{"text":"could","start":7646.47,"end":7646.71},{"text":"confirm","start":7646.71,"end":7647.19},{"text":"the","start":7647.19,"end":7647.31},{"text":"existence","start":7647.31,"end":7647.91},{"text":"of","start":7647.91,"end":7648.15},{"text":"rights","start":7648.15,"end":7648.39},{"text":"to","start":7648.39,"end":7648.55},{"text":"ECCE,","start":7648.55,"end":7648.87},{"text":"including","start":7648.87,"end":7649.59},{"text":"free","start":7649.59,"end":7649.75},{"text":"pre-primary","start":7649.75,"end":7650.19},{"text":"education","start":7650.19,"end":7650.59},{"text":"and","start":7650.59,"end":7650.71},{"text":"free","start":7650.71,"end":7650.87},{"text":"secondary","start":7650.87,"end":7651.23},{"text":"education","start":7651.23,"end":7651.67},{"text":"in","start":7652.07,"end":7652.15},{"text":"the","start":7652.15,"end":7652.23},{"text":"primary","start":7652.23,"end":7652.71},{"text":"treaties,","start":7652.71,"end":7653.19},{"text":"and","start":7653.71,"end":7653.91},{"text":"also","start":7653.91,"end":7654.23},{"text":"their","start":7654.23,"end":7654.39},{"text":"status","start":7654.39,"end":7654.83},{"text":"as","start":7654.83,"end":7654.95},{"text":"claims","start":7654.95,"end":7655.35},{"text":"giving","start":7655.35,"end":7655.59},{"text":"rise","start":7655.59,"end":7655.79},{"text":"to","start":7655.79,"end":7655.87},{"text":"minimum","start":7655.87,"end":7656.23},{"text":"core","start":7656.23,"end":7656.43},{"text":"obligations.","start":7656.43,"end":7657.27}]},{"text":"In theory, a general comment could confirm minimum co-obligations.","start":7657.87,"end":7662.11,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7657.87,"end":7658.03},{"text":"theory,","start":7658.03,"end":7658.51},{"text":"a","start":7658.51,"end":7658.59},{"text":"general","start":7658.59,"end":7658.95},{"text":"comment","start":7658.95,"end":7659.39},{"text":"could","start":7659.47,"end":7659.71},{"text":"confirm","start":7659.79,"end":7660.51},{"text":"minimum","start":7660.55,"end":7661.07},{"text":"co-obligations.","start":7661.07,"end":7662.11}]},{"text":"There are some complications, however.","start":7662.11,"end":7663.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":7662.11,"end":7662.27},{"text":"are","start":7662.27,"end":7662.43},{"text":"some","start":7662.43,"end":7662.67},{"text":"complications,","start":7662.67,"end":7663.39},{"text":"however.","start":7663.39,"end":7663.79}]},{"text":"Such an interpretation might not be accepted by many states parties because neither ICSCR nor CRC contain more direct references to ECCE or pre-primary education.","start":7664.35,"end":7673.95,"topics":[{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."},{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. 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Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."}],"words":[{"text":"Under","start":7690.11,"end":7690.35},{"text":"the","start":7690.35,"end":7690.43},{"text":"CRC,","start":7690.43,"end":7690.99},{"text":"secondary","start":7690.99,"end":7691.43},{"text":"education","start":7691.43,"end":7691.95},{"text":"is","start":7691.95,"end":7692.11},{"text":"to","start":7692.11,"end":7692.19},{"text":"be","start":7692.19,"end":7692.27},{"text":"made","start":7692.27,"end":7692.39},{"text":"accessible","start":7692.39,"end":7692.99},{"text":"by","start":7692.99,"end":7693.23},{"text":"measures","start":7693.23,"end":7693.87},{"text":"such","start":7693.95,"end":7694.51},{"text":"as","start":7694.67,"end":7695.07},{"text":"the","start":7695.23,"end":7695.35},{"text":"introduction","start":7695.35,"end":7695.83},{"text":"of","start":7695.83,"end":7695.91},{"text":"free","start":7695.91,"end":7696.03},{"text":"education,","start":7696.03,"end":7696.67},{"text":"offering","start":7696.67,"end":7697.07},{"text":"financial","start":7697.23,"end":7697.71},{"text":"assistance","start":7697.71,"end":7698.27},{"text":"in","start":7698.27,"end":7698.35},{"text":"case","start":7698.35,"end":7698.55},{"text":"of","start":7698.55,"end":7698.67},{"text":"need.","start":7698.67,"end":7698.99}]},{"text":"General comments must render treaty interpretations that heed the rules of treaty interpretation of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties.","start":7699.95,"end":7707.23,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"General","start":7699.95,"end":7700.31},{"text":"comments","start":7700.31,"end":7700.75},{"text":"must","start":7700.75,"end":7701.07},{"text":"render","start":7701.07,"end":7701.35},{"text":"treaty","start":7701.35,"end":7702.03},{"text":"interpretations","start":7702.03,"end":7703.07},{"text":"that","start":7703.07,"end":7703.31},{"text":"heed","start":7703.31,"end":7703.59},{"text":"the","start":7703.59,"end":7703.67},{"text":"rules","start":7703.67,"end":7704.07},{"text":"of","start":7704.07,"end":7704.19},{"text":"treaty","start":7704.19,"end":7704.63},{"text":"interpretation","start":7704.63,"end":7705.43},{"text":"of","start":7705.43,"end":7705.51},{"text":"the","start":7705.51,"end":7705.59},{"text":"Vienna","start":7705.59,"end":7705.87},{"text":"Convention","start":7705.87,"end":7706.31},{"text":"on","start":7706.31,"end":7706.39},{"text":"the","start":7706.39,"end":7706.47},{"text":"Law","start":7706.47,"end":7706.55},{"text":"of","start":7706.55,"end":7706.75},{"text":"Treaties.","start":7706.75,"end":7707.23}]},{"text":"Although the wording of treaties is not the only factor in treaty interpretation, the wording can also not be ignored, especially if the show that the wording was deliberately chosen to avoid certain obligations.","start":7707.79,"end":7720.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Although","start":7707.79,"end":7708.03},{"text":"the","start":7708.03,"end":7708.19},{"text":"wording","start":7708.19,"end":7708.51},{"text":"of","start":7708.51,"end":7708.67},{"text":"treaties","start":7708.67,"end":7709.03},{"text":"is","start":7709.03,"end":7709.15},{"text":"not","start":7709.15,"end":7709.43},{"text":"the","start":7709.43,"end":7709.51},{"text":"only","start":7709.51,"end":7709.71},{"text":"factor","start":7709.71,"end":7710.11},{"text":"in","start":7710.11,"end":7710.19},{"text":"treaty","start":7710.19,"end":7710.47},{"text":"interpretation,","start":7710.47,"end":7711.23},{"text":"the","start":7711.55,"end":7711.67},{"text":"wording","start":7711.67,"end":7711.99},{"text":"can","start":7711.99,"end":7712.19},{"text":"also","start":7712.19,"end":7712.39},{"text":"not","start":7712.39,"end":7712.67},{"text":"be","start":7712.67,"end":7712.79},{"text":"ignored,","start":7712.79,"end":7713.31},{"text":"especially","start":7713.31,"end":7714.79},{"text":"if","start":7714.79,"end":7714.91},{"text":"the","start":7714.91,"end":7715.55},{"text":"show","start":7715.87,"end":7716.19},{"text":"that","start":7716.19,"end":7716.51},{"text":"the","start":7716.59,"end":7716.75},{"text":"wording","start":7716.75,"end":7717.15},{"text":"was","start":7717.15,"end":7717.39},{"text":"deliberately","start":7717.39,"end":7718.11},{"text":"chosen","start":7718.11,"end":7718.59},{"text":"to","start":7718.59,"end":7718.71},{"text":"avoid","start":7718.71,"end":7719.15},{"text":"certain","start":7719.15,"end":7719.51},{"text":"obligations.","start":7719.51,"end":7720.35}]},{"text":"The CRC opted for the such as clause because various states such as Japan at the time insisted on this wording to avoid strict obligations relating to free secondary education.","start":7720.83,"end":7731.87,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. 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Speakers discussed UN liquidity constraints, national budget pressures, tax and debt issues, and whether international cooperation obligations should help states expand free education without creating unmanageable burdens."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":7733.35,"end":7733.83},{"text":"minimum","start":7733.83,"end":7734.15},{"text":"core","start":7734.15,"end":7734.35},{"text":"obligations","start":7734.35,"end":7734.87},{"text":"cannot","start":7734.87,"end":7735.19},{"text":"lightly","start":7735.19,"end":7735.63},{"text":"be","start":7735.63,"end":7735.79},{"text":"read","start":7735.79,"end":7736.07},{"text":"into","start":7736.07,"end":7736.35},{"text":"a","start":7736.35,"end":7736.39},{"text":"treaty,","start":7736.39,"end":7736.71},{"text":"especially","start":7736.71,"end":7737.23},{"text":"where","start":7737.23,"end":7737.43},{"text":"obligations","start":7737.43,"end":7737.99},{"text":"are","start":7737.99,"end":7738.11},{"text":"of","start":7738.11,"end":7738.19},{"text":"a","start":7738.19,"end":7738.23},{"text":"positive","start":7738.23,"end":7738.79},{"text":"nature","start":7738.79,"end":7739.27},{"text":"and","start":7739.51,"end":7739.71},{"text":"entail","start":7739.71,"end":7739.95},{"text":"claim","start":7739.99,"end":7740.31},{"text":"on","start":7740.31,"end":7740.47},{"text":"state","start":7740.47,"end":7740.75},{"text":"resources.","start":7740.75,"end":7741.43}]},{"text":"A substantial claim on state resources would seem to require some form of legal rules as negotiated between states.","start":7742.07,"end":7748.79,"topics":[{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Cooperation","description":"Financing was a major topic, both in relation to states’ domestic capacity and to international support. Speakers discussed UN liquidity constraints, national budget pressures, tax and debt issues, and whether international cooperation obligations should help states expand free education without creating unmanageable burdens."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":7742.07,"end":7742.11},{"text":"substantial","start":7742.11,"end":7743.11},{"text":"claim","start":7743.11,"end":7743.59},{"text":"on","start":7743.63,"end":7743.75},{"text":"state","start":7743.75,"end":7744.07},{"text":"resources","start":7744.07,"end":7744.63},{"text":"would","start":7744.63,"end":7744.79},{"text":"seem","start":7744.79,"end":7745.03},{"text":"to","start":7745.03,"end":7745.11},{"text":"require","start":7745.11,"end":7745.59},{"text":"some","start":7745.59,"end":7745.91},{"text":"form","start":7745.91,"end":7746.11},{"text":"of","start":7746.11,"end":7746.31},{"text":"legal","start":7746.31,"end":7746.55},{"text":"rules","start":7746.55,"end":7746.95},{"text":"as","start":7746.95,"end":7747.11},{"text":"negotiated","start":7747.11,"end":7747.83},{"text":"between","start":7747.83,"end":7748.23},{"text":"states.","start":7748.23,"end":7748.79}]},{"text":"As for urgency of realization, core rights need to be realized immediately with a high degree of urgency.","start":7749.83,"end":7755.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":7749.83,"end":7750.07},{"text":"for","start":7750.07,"end":7750.19},{"text":"urgency","start":7750.19,"end":7750.71},{"text":"of","start":7750.71,"end":7750.95},{"text":"realization,","start":7750.95,"end":7751.67},{"text":"core","start":7751.67,"end":7752.03},{"text":"rights","start":7752.03,"end":7752.23},{"text":"need","start":7752.23,"end":7752.43},{"text":"to","start":7752.43,"end":7752.55},{"text":"be","start":7752.55,"end":7752.71},{"text":"realized","start":7752.71,"end":7753.11},{"text":"immediately","start":7753.11,"end":7753.75},{"text":"with","start":7753.75,"end":7753.91},{"text":"a","start":7753.91,"end":7753.95},{"text":"high","start":7753.95,"end":7754.15},{"text":"degree","start":7754.15,"end":7754.43},{"text":"of","start":7754.43,"end":7754.63},{"text":"urgency.","start":7754.63,"end":7755.19}]},{"text":"Human Rights Council Resolution 56/5 of 2020, 40 fines and visit state obligations regarding free obligations as being to make free education at these levels available.","start":7755.71,"end":7765.23,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."}],"words":[{"text":"Human","start":7755.71,"end":7755.99},{"text":"Rights","start":7755.99,"end":7756.15},{"text":"Council","start":7756.15,"end":7756.39},{"text":"Resolution","start":7756.39,"end":7756.87},{"text":"56/5","start":7756.87,"end":7757.67},{"text":"of","start":7757.67,"end":7757.75},{"text":"2020,","start":7757.75,"end":7758.15},{"text":"40","start":7758.31,"end":7758.63},{"text":"fines","start":7758.63,"end":7758.91},{"text":"and","start":7758.91,"end":7759.03},{"text":"visit","start":7759.03,"end":7759.35},{"text":"state","start":7759.35,"end":7759.71},{"text":"obligations","start":7759.71,"end":7760.31},{"text":"regarding","start":7760.31,"end":7760.71},{"text":"free","start":7760.71,"end":7760.87},{"text":"obligations","start":7760.87,"end":7761.59},{"text":"as","start":7761.59,"end":7761.75},{"text":"being","start":7761.75,"end":7762.15},{"text":"to","start":7762.15,"end":7762.31},{"text":"make","start":7762.31,"end":7762.79},{"text":"free","start":7763.15,"end":7763.47},{"text":"education","start":7763.47,"end":7764.11},{"text":"at","start":7764.11,"end":7764.19},{"text":"these","start":7764.19,"end":7764.43},{"text":"levels","start":7764.43,"end":7764.71},{"text":"available.","start":7764.71,"end":7765.23}]},{"text":"With minimum co-obligations in mind, the protocol's wording should reflect the urgency or immediacy.","start":7765.79,"end":7770.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"With","start":7765.79,"end":7765.91},{"text":"minimum","start":7765.91,"end":7766.23},{"text":"co-obligations","start":7766.23,"end":7767.07},{"text":"in","start":7767.07,"end":7767.15},{"text":"mind,","start":7767.15,"end":7767.47},{"text":"the","start":7767.47,"end":7767.55},{"text":"protocol's","start":7767.55,"end":7768.11},{"text":"wording","start":7768.11,"end":7768.51},{"text":"should","start":7768.51,"end":7768.67},{"text":"reflect","start":7768.67,"end":7769.23},{"text":"the","start":7769.23,"end":7769.43},{"text":"urgency","start":7769.47,"end":7770.11},{"text":"or","start":7770.11,"end":7770.23},{"text":"immediacy.","start":7770.23,"end":7770.99}]},{"text":"Now let's address a few more specific questions.","start":7771.63,"end":7773.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":7771.63,"end":7771.71},{"text":"let's","start":7771.71,"end":7771.99},{"text":"address","start":7771.99,"end":7772.23},{"text":"a","start":7772.23,"end":7772.27},{"text":"few","start":7772.27,"end":7772.51},{"text":"more","start":7772.51,"end":7772.71},{"text":"specific","start":7772.91,"end":7773.43},{"text":"questions.","start":7773.43,"end":7773.91}]},{"text":"Is there any value added by an optional protocol?","start":7774.43,"end":7777.07,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"Is","start":7774.43,"end":7774.59},{"text":"there","start":7774.59,"end":7774.75},{"text":"any","start":7774.75,"end":7774.91},{"text":"value","start":7774.91,"end":7775.23},{"text":"added","start":7775.23,"end":7775.63},{"text":"by","start":7775.95,"end":7776.07},{"text":"an","start":7776.07,"end":7776.19},{"text":"optional","start":7776.19,"end":7776.55},{"text":"protocol?","start":7776.55,"end":7777.07}]},{"text":"Some say states already expand ECCE free pre-primary education and free secondary education.","start":7778.11,"end":7782.91,"topics":[{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."}],"words":[{"text":"Some","start":7778.11,"end":7778.43},{"text":"say","start":7778.43,"end":7778.59},{"text":"states","start":7778.59,"end":7778.91},{"text":"already","start":7778.91,"end":7779.23},{"text":"expand","start":7779.23,"end":7779.87},{"text":"ECCE","start":7779.95,"end":7780.27},{"text":"free","start":7780.43,"end":7780.67},{"text":"pre-primary","start":7780.67,"end":7781.27},{"text":"education","start":7781.27,"end":7781.67},{"text":"and","start":7781.67,"end":7781.79},{"text":"free","start":7781.79,"end":7781.95},{"text":"secondary","start":7781.95,"end":7782.35},{"text":"education.","start":7782.35,"end":7782.91}]},{"text":"Fact of the matter is half the world's children are not enrolled in pre-primary education and nearly half of all pupils do not complete secondary education.","start":7783.71,"end":7790.51,"topics":[{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."},{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"Fact","start":7783.71,"end":7783.99},{"text":"of","start":7783.99,"end":7784.11},{"text":"the","start":7784.11,"end":7784.19},{"text":"matter","start":7784.19,"end":7784.47},{"text":"is","start":7784.47,"end":7784.59},{"text":"half","start":7784.59,"end":7784.87},{"text":"the","start":7784.87,"end":7784.95},{"text":"world's","start":7784.95,"end":7785.31},{"text":"children","start":7785.31,"end":7785.63},{"text":"are","start":7785.63,"end":7785.71},{"text":"not","start":7785.71,"end":7785.91},{"text":"enrolled","start":7785.91,"end":7786.19},{"text":"in","start":7786.19,"end":7786.27},{"text":"pre-primary","start":7786.27,"end":7786.75},{"text":"education","start":7786.75,"end":7787.47},{"text":"and","start":7787.47,"end":7787.59},{"text":"nearly","start":7787.59,"end":7787.79},{"text":"half","start":7787.79,"end":7788.07},{"text":"of","start":7788.07,"end":7788.19},{"text":"all","start":7788.19,"end":7788.35},{"text":"pupils","start":7788.35,"end":7788.83},{"text":"do","start":7788.83,"end":7788.99},{"text":"not","start":7788.99,"end":7789.15},{"text":"complete","start":7789.15,"end":7789.59},{"text":"secondary","start":7789.59,"end":7789.99},{"text":"education.","start":7789.99,"end":7790.51}]},{"text":"This according to the Secretary General's vision statement on transforming education of 2022.","start":7791.15,"end":7798.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":7791.15,"end":7791.39},{"text":"according","start":7791.39,"end":7791.87},{"text":"to","start":7791.87,"end":7792.11},{"text":"the","start":7792.51,"end":7792.63},{"text":"Secretary","start":7792.63,"end":7793.15},{"text":"General's","start":7793.15,"end":7793.79},{"text":"vision","start":7794.67,"end":7794.99},{"text":"statement","start":7794.99,"end":7795.63},{"text":"on","start":7795.63,"end":7795.79},{"text":"transforming","start":7795.79,"end":7796.27},{"text":"education","start":7796.27,"end":7796.83},{"text":"of","start":7796.83,"end":7797.07},{"text":"2022.","start":7797.07,"end":7798.03}]},{"text":"Does the OP not create an illusion of progress?","start":7798.75,"end":7801.31,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"Does","start":7798.75,"end":7798.99},{"text":"the","start":7798.99,"end":7799.11},{"text":"OP","start":7799.19,"end":7799.39},{"text":"not","start":7799.39,"end":7799.71},{"text":"create","start":7799.71,"end":7800.03},{"text":"an","start":7800.03,"end":7800.15},{"text":"illusion","start":7800.15,"end":7800.51},{"text":"of","start":7800.51,"end":7800.59},{"text":"progress?","start":7800.59,"end":7801.31}]},{"text":"The problem is lack of implementation and focus on equality and inclusion.","start":7801.79,"end":7806.43,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7801.79,"end":7801.95},{"text":"problem","start":7801.95,"end":7802.31},{"text":"is","start":7802.31,"end":7802.43},{"text":"lack","start":7802.43,"end":7802.59},{"text":"of","start":7802.59,"end":7802.71},{"text":"implementation","start":7802.71,"end":7803.35},{"text":"and","start":7803.35,"end":7803.47},{"text":"focus","start":7803.47,"end":7803.87},{"text":"on","start":7803.87,"end":7804.27},{"text":"equality","start":7804.51,"end":7805.23},{"text":"and","start":7805.23,"end":7805.71},{"text":"inclusion.","start":7805.71,"end":7806.43}]},{"text":"While the lack of implementation and focus on quality and inclusion may well be related to the absence of obligations, minimum core obligations, noncompliance with which constitutes a prima facie violation.","start":7806.83,"end":7817.95,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."},{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":7806.83,"end":7807.07},{"text":"the","start":7807.07,"end":7807.15},{"text":"lack","start":7807.15,"end":7807.39},{"text":"of","start":7807.39,"end":7807.51},{"text":"implementation","start":7807.51,"end":7808.27},{"text":"and","start":7808.27,"end":7808.43},{"text":"focus","start":7808.43,"end":7808.83},{"text":"on","start":7808.83,"end":7808.99},{"text":"quality","start":7808.99,"end":7809.35},{"text":"and","start":7809.35,"end":7809.47},{"text":"inclusion","start":7809.47,"end":7809.87},{"text":"may","start":7809.87,"end":7810.03},{"text":"well","start":7810.03,"end":7810.27},{"text":"be","start":7810.27,"end":7810.39},{"text":"related","start":7810.39,"end":7810.79},{"text":"to","start":7810.79,"end":7810.95},{"text":"the","start":7810.95,"end":7811.03},{"text":"absence","start":7811.03,"end":7811.55},{"text":"of","start":7811.55,"end":7811.95},{"text":"obligations,","start":7811.95,"end":7812.67},{"text":"minimum","start":7812.75,"end":7813.23},{"text":"core","start":7813.31,"end":7813.59},{"text":"obligations,","start":7813.59,"end":7814.35},{"text":"noncompliance","start":7814.67,"end":7815.55},{"text":"with","start":7815.55,"end":7815.71},{"text":"which","start":7815.71,"end":7815.95},{"text":"constitutes","start":7815.95,"end":7816.59},{"text":"a","start":7816.59,"end":7816.63},{"text":"prima","start":7816.63,"end":7816.91},{"text":"facie","start":7816.91,"end":7817.31},{"text":"violation.","start":7817.31,"end":7817.95}]},{"text":"Let me repeat what the first UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Education stated.","start":7818.27,"end":7821.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":7818.27,"end":7818.51},{"text":"me","start":7818.51,"end":7818.63},{"text":"repeat","start":7818.63,"end":7818.95},{"text":"what","start":7818.95,"end":7819.11},{"text":"the","start":7819.11,"end":7819.23},{"text":"first","start":7819.23,"end":7819.47},{"text":"UN","start":7819.47,"end":7819.67},{"text":"Special","start":7819.67,"end":7819.99},{"text":"Rapporteur","start":7819.99,"end":7820.35},{"text":"on","start":7820.35,"end":7820.43},{"text":"the","start":7820.43,"end":7820.51},{"text":"Right","start":7820.51,"end":7820.71},{"text":"to","start":7820.71,"end":7820.79},{"text":"Education","start":7820.79,"end":7821.23},{"text":"stated.","start":7821.23,"end":7821.63}]},{"text":"Nothing has more mobilizing power towards state compliance than calling reprehensible noncompliance a human rights violation.","start":7821.87,"end":7828.11,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"Nothing","start":7821.87,"end":7822.27},{"text":"has","start":7822.27,"end":7822.43},{"text":"more","start":7822.43,"end":7822.67},{"text":"mobilizing","start":7822.67,"end":7823.31},{"text":"power","start":7823.31,"end":7823.71},{"text":"towards","start":7823.71,"end":7824.07},{"text":"state","start":7824.07,"end":7824.31},{"text":"compliance","start":7824.31,"end":7824.83},{"text":"than","start":7824.83,"end":7824.99},{"text":"calling","start":7824.99,"end":7825.35},{"text":"reprehensible","start":7825.35,"end":7826.11},{"text":"noncompliance","start":7826.11,"end":7826.91},{"text":"a","start":7826.91,"end":7826.95},{"text":"human","start":7826.95,"end":7827.23},{"text":"rights","start":7827.23,"end":7827.43},{"text":"violation.","start":7827.43,"end":7828.11}]},{"text":"Doesn't OPN duplicate existing obligations?","start":7829.07,"end":7831.63,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."},{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"Doesn't","start":7829.07,"end":7829.51},{"text":"OPN","start":7829.51,"end":7829.79},{"text":"duplicate","start":7829.79,"end":7830.39},{"text":"existing","start":7830.39,"end":7830.83},{"text":"obligations?","start":7830.83,"end":7831.63}]},{"text":"Well, as far as ECCE is concerned, I can be short as I've already explained that existing committee jurisprudence does not give these rights a status of urgency that terms non-compliance prima facie violations of the convention.","start":7833.27,"end":7845.83,"topics":[{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."},{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"Well,","start":7833.27,"end":7833.59},{"text":"as","start":7833.59,"end":7833.75},{"text":"far","start":7833.75,"end":7833.95},{"text":"as","start":7833.95,"end":7834.07},{"text":"ECCE","start":7834.07,"end":7834.39},{"text":"is","start":7834.39,"end":7834.71},{"text":"concerned,","start":7834.71,"end":7835.11},{"text":"I","start":7835.11,"end":7835.19},{"text":"can","start":7835.19,"end":7835.43},{"text":"be","start":7835.43,"end":7835.51},{"text":"short","start":7835.51,"end":7835.83},{"text":"as","start":7835.83,"end":7836.07},{"text":"I've","start":7836.07,"end":7836.23},{"text":"already","start":7836.23,"end":7836.51},{"text":"explained","start":7836.51,"end":7836.99},{"text":"that","start":7836.99,"end":7837.11},{"text":"existing","start":7837.11,"end":7837.67},{"text":"committee","start":7837.67,"end":7837.99},{"text":"jurisprudence","start":7837.99,"end":7838.71},{"text":"does","start":7838.71,"end":7838.95},{"text":"not","start":7838.95,"end":7839.19},{"text":"give","start":7839.19,"end":7839.43},{"text":"these","start":7839.43,"end":7839.59},{"text":"rights","start":7839.59,"end":7839.87},{"text":"a","start":7839.87,"end":7839.91},{"text":"status","start":7839.91,"end":7840.55},{"text":"of","start":7840.63,"end":7840.87},{"text":"urgency","start":7840.87,"end":7841.67},{"text":"that","start":7842.15,"end":7842.35},{"text":"terms","start":7842.35,"end":7842.63},{"text":"non-compliance","start":7842.63,"end":7843.43},{"text":"prima","start":7843.43,"end":7843.71},{"text":"facie","start":7843.71,"end":7843.95},{"text":"violations","start":7844.07,"end":7844.79},{"text":"of","start":7844.79,"end":7844.99},{"text":"the","start":7844.99,"end":7845.11},{"text":"convention.","start":7845.11,"end":7845.83}]},{"text":"What about secondary education?","start":7846.23,"end":7847.83,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."}],"words":[{"text":"What","start":7846.23,"end":7846.47},{"text":"about","start":7846.47,"end":7846.63},{"text":"secondary","start":7846.63,"end":7847.07},{"text":"education?","start":7847.07,"end":7847.83}]},{"text":"35 years after the CRC's adoption, has the progressive obligation now not become immediate?","start":7850.07,"end":7856.15,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."},{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"35","start":7850.07,"end":7850.63},{"text":"years","start":7850.63,"end":7850.95},{"text":"after","start":7850.95,"end":7851.19},{"text":"the","start":7851.19,"end":7851.31},{"text":"CRC's","start":7851.31,"end":7851.95},{"text":"adoption,","start":7851.95,"end":7852.63},{"text":"has","start":7853.11,"end":7853.39},{"text":"the","start":7853.39,"end":7853.47},{"text":"progressive","start":7853.47,"end":7854.15},{"text":"obligation","start":7854.23,"end":7854.91},{"text":"now","start":7854.91,"end":7854.99},{"text":"not","start":7854.99,"end":7855.27},{"text":"become","start":7855.27,"end":7855.67},{"text":"immediate?","start":7855.67,"end":7856.15}]},{"text":"Well, first of all, it is not an anomaly for a treaty to require immediately free secondary education.","start":7856.95,"end":7861.99,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."},{"key":"national-contexts","label":"National Contexts and Flexible Implementation","description":"Many delegations underlined that any future standard must be workable across different legal systems, education models, capacities, and development levels. The discussion often drew a distinction between having a common minimum right for all children and allowing states flexibility in how they implement that right."}],"words":[{"text":"Well,","start":7856.95,"end":7857.11},{"text":"first","start":7857.11,"end":7857.39},{"text":"of","start":7857.39,"end":7857.47},{"text":"all,","start":7857.47,"end":7857.59},{"text":"it","start":7857.59,"end":7857.75},{"text":"is","start":7857.75,"end":7857.87},{"text":"not","start":7857.87,"end":7858.11},{"text":"an","start":7858.11,"end":7858.19},{"text":"anomaly","start":7858.19,"end":7858.71},{"text":"for","start":7858.71,"end":7858.87},{"text":"a","start":7858.87,"end":7858.91},{"text":"treaty","start":7858.91,"end":7859.27},{"text":"to","start":7859.27,"end":7859.43},{"text":"require","start":7859.43,"end":7859.91},{"text":"immediately","start":7859.91,"end":7860.63},{"text":"free","start":7860.63,"end":7860.95},{"text":"secondary","start":7860.95,"end":7861.35},{"text":"education.","start":7861.35,"end":7861.99}]},{"text":"Article 17 of the European Social Charter's revised version of 1996, there is an obligation on states to take all steps necessary to provide free primary and free secondary education for all immediately.","start":7862.63,"end":7878.31,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"Article","start":7862.63,"end":7863.11},{"text":"17","start":7863.11,"end":7863.59},{"text":"of","start":7863.59,"end":7863.75},{"text":"the","start":7863.75,"end":7863.87},{"text":"European","start":7863.87,"end":7864.31},{"text":"Social","start":7864.31,"end":7864.63},{"text":"Charter's","start":7864.63,"end":7865.11},{"text":"revised","start":7865.11,"end":7865.75},{"text":"version","start":7867.43,"end":7867.67},{"text":"of","start":7867.67,"end":7867.79},{"text":"1996,","start":7867.79,"end":7868.87},{"text":"there","start":7869.83,"end":7870.11},{"text":"is","start":7870.11,"end":7870.23},{"text":"an","start":7870.23,"end":7870.35},{"text":"obligation","start":7870.35,"end":7870.95},{"text":"on","start":7870.95,"end":7871.03},{"text":"states","start":7871.03,"end":7871.51},{"text":"to","start":7871.51,"end":7871.71},{"text":"take","start":7871.71,"end":7871.91},{"text":"all","start":7871.99,"end":7872.23},{"text":"steps","start":7872.23,"end":7872.59},{"text":"necessary","start":7872.59,"end":7873.11},{"text":"to","start":7873.11,"end":7873.27},{"text":"provide","start":7873.27,"end":7873.75},{"text":"free","start":7873.83,"end":7874.39},{"text":"primary","start":7874.63,"end":7875.19},{"text":"and","start":7875.19,"end":7875.43},{"text":"free","start":7875.43,"end":7875.67},{"text":"secondary","start":7875.67,"end":7876.11},{"text":"education","start":7876.11,"end":7876.63},{"text":"for","start":7876.71,"end":7877.07},{"text":"all","start":7877.07,"end":7877.27},{"text":"immediately.","start":7877.51,"end":7878.31}]},{"text":"Hence, at least European states should not have reservations to granting this right also to the rest of the world's children.","start":7878.71,"end":7884.63,"topics":[{"key":"national-contexts","label":"National Contexts and Flexible Implementation","description":"Many delegations underlined that any future standard must be workable across different legal systems, education models, capacities, and development levels. The discussion often drew a distinction between having a common minimum right for all children and allowing states flexibility in how they implement that right."}],"words":[{"text":"Hence,","start":7878.71,"end":7879.03},{"text":"at","start":7879.03,"end":7879.11},{"text":"least","start":7879.19,"end":7879.47},{"text":"European","start":7879.47,"end":7879.99},{"text":"states","start":7879.99,"end":7880.39},{"text":"should","start":7880.39,"end":7880.67},{"text":"not","start":7880.67,"end":7880.99},{"text":"have","start":7880.99,"end":7881.11},{"text":"reservations","start":7881.11,"end":7881.75},{"text":"to","start":7881.75,"end":7881.83},{"text":"granting","start":7881.83,"end":7882.27},{"text":"this","start":7882.27,"end":7882.47},{"text":"right","start":7882.47,"end":7882.71},{"text":"also","start":7882.71,"end":7882.99},{"text":"to","start":7882.99,"end":7883.15},{"text":"the","start":7883.15,"end":7883.23},{"text":"rest","start":7883.23,"end":7883.59},{"text":"of","start":7883.59,"end":7883.71},{"text":"the","start":7883.71,"end":7883.79},{"text":"world's","start":7883.79,"end":7884.19},{"text":"children.","start":7884.19,"end":7884.63}]},{"text":"Let me also clarify the nature of free secondary education under the CRC.","start":7885.83,"end":7889.43,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."},{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":7885.83,"end":7885.99},{"text":"me","start":7885.99,"end":7886.11},{"text":"also","start":7886.11,"end":7886.31},{"text":"clarify","start":7886.31,"end":7886.79},{"text":"the","start":7886.79,"end":7886.87},{"text":"nature","start":7886.87,"end":7887.19},{"text":"of","start":7887.19,"end":7887.27},{"text":"free","start":7887.27,"end":7887.43},{"text":"secondary","start":7887.43,"end":7887.83},{"text":"education","start":7887.83,"end":7888.23},{"text":"under","start":7888.23,"end":7888.43},{"text":"the","start":7888.43,"end":7888.51},{"text":"CRC.","start":7888.51,"end":7889.43}]},{"text":"While the ICSCR still requires States Parties to ensure that secondary education shall be made accessible to all by every appropriate means and in particular by the progressive introduction of free education, the CRC does not refer to progressive secondary education at all.","start":7890.19,"end":7904.11,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":7890.19,"end":7890.51},{"text":"the","start":7890.51,"end":7890.63},{"text":"ICSCR","start":7890.63,"end":7891.71},{"text":"still","start":7891.79,"end":7892.11},{"text":"requires","start":7892.11,"end":7892.51},{"text":"States","start":7892.51,"end":7892.75},{"text":"Parties","start":7892.75,"end":7893.11},{"text":"to","start":7893.11,"end":7893.19},{"text":"ensure","start":7893.19,"end":7893.47},{"text":"that","start":7893.47,"end":7893.63},{"text":"secondary","start":7893.63,"end":7893.99},{"text":"education","start":7893.99,"end":7894.47},{"text":"shall","start":7894.47,"end":7894.63},{"text":"be","start":7894.63,"end":7894.71},{"text":"made","start":7894.71,"end":7894.91},{"text":"accessible","start":7894.91,"end":7895.39},{"text":"to","start":7895.39,"end":7895.51},{"text":"all","start":7895.51,"end":7895.59},{"text":"by","start":7895.59,"end":7895.67},{"text":"every","start":7895.67,"end":7895.95},{"text":"appropriate","start":7896.11,"end":7896.55},{"text":"means","start":7896.55,"end":7896.83},{"text":"and","start":7896.83,"end":7897.03},{"text":"in","start":7897.03,"end":7897.19},{"text":"particular","start":7897.19,"end":7897.79},{"text":"by","start":7897.79,"end":7897.95},{"text":"the","start":7897.95,"end":7898.03},{"text":"progressive","start":7898.03,"end":7898.55},{"text":"introduction","start":7898.55,"end":7899.15},{"text":"of","start":7899.15,"end":7899.23},{"text":"free","start":7899.23,"end":7899.47},{"text":"education,","start":7899.47,"end":7900.11},{"text":"the","start":7900.59,"end":7900.71},{"text":"CRC","start":7900.71,"end":7901.31},{"text":"does","start":7901.31,"end":7901.55},{"text":"not","start":7901.55,"end":7901.87},{"text":"refer","start":7901.87,"end":7902.11},{"text":"to","start":7902.11,"end":7902.23},{"text":"progressive","start":7902.23,"end":7902.75},{"text":"secondary","start":7902.75,"end":7903.19},{"text":"education","start":7903.19,"end":7903.63},{"text":"at","start":7903.63,"end":7903.79},{"text":"all.","start":7903.83,"end":7904.11}]},{"text":"The CRC requires States Parties to make secondary education accessible to every child by appropriate measures such as the introduction of free education and offering free financial assistance in case of need.","start":7904.51,"end":7916.27,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."},{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7904.51,"end":7904.63},{"text":"CRC","start":7904.67,"end":7905.15},{"text":"requires","start":7905.15,"end":7905.59},{"text":"States","start":7905.59,"end":7905.87},{"text":"Parties","start":7905.87,"end":7906.23},{"text":"to","start":7906.23,"end":7906.35},{"text":"make","start":7906.35,"end":7906.67},{"text":"secondary","start":7906.67,"end":7907.11},{"text":"education","start":7907.11,"end":7907.55},{"text":"accessible","start":7907.55,"end":7908.03},{"text":"to","start":7908.03,"end":7908.11},{"text":"every","start":7908.11,"end":7908.27},{"text":"child","start":7908.27,"end":7908.67},{"text":"by","start":7908.83,"end":7909.07},{"text":"appropriate","start":7909.07,"end":7909.67},{"text":"measures","start":7909.71,"end":7909.99},{"text":"such","start":7910.43,"end":7910.75},{"text":"as","start":7910.83,"end":7911.23},{"text":"the","start":7911.55,"end":7911.67},{"text":"introduction","start":7911.67,"end":7912.19},{"text":"of","start":7912.19,"end":7912.27},{"text":"free","start":7912.27,"end":7912.43},{"text":"education","start":7912.43,"end":7912.99},{"text":"and","start":7912.99,"end":7913.15},{"text":"offering","start":7913.15,"end":7913.55},{"text":"free","start":7913.55,"end":7913.87},{"text":"financial","start":7913.87,"end":7914.67},{"text":"assistance","start":7914.67,"end":7915.23},{"text":"in","start":7915.39,"end":7915.55},{"text":"case","start":7915.55,"end":7915.79},{"text":"of","start":7915.79,"end":7915.95},{"text":"need.","start":7915.95,"end":7916.27}]},{"text":"Making secondary education is strictly speaking optional under the CRC, measures such as the text permits cost sharing approaches in education, it permits fee exemption schemes which as we can observe in South Africa, the country in which I live and teach, horribly fail.","start":7917.15,"end":7932.75,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."},{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"Making","start":7917.15,"end":7917.55},{"text":"secondary","start":7917.55,"end":7917.99},{"text":"education","start":7917.99,"end":7918.55},{"text":"is","start":7918.55,"end":7918.63},{"text":"strictly","start":7918.63,"end":7919.03},{"text":"speaking","start":7919.03,"end":7919.39},{"text":"optional","start":7919.39,"end":7919.95},{"text":"under","start":7919.95,"end":7920.19},{"text":"the","start":7920.19,"end":7920.27},{"text":"CRC,","start":7920.27,"end":7920.99},{"text":"measures","start":7921.23,"end":7921.79},{"text":"such","start":7921.79,"end":7922.27},{"text":"as","start":7922.35,"end":7922.75},{"text":"the","start":7923.31,"end":7923.43},{"text":"text","start":7923.43,"end":7923.75},{"text":"permits","start":7923.75,"end":7924.19},{"text":"cost","start":7924.19,"end":7924.51},{"text":"sharing","start":7924.51,"end":7924.83},{"text":"approaches","start":7924.83,"end":7925.23},{"text":"in","start":7925.23,"end":7925.31},{"text":"education,","start":7925.31,"end":7925.95},{"text":"it","start":7925.95,"end":7926.07},{"text":"permits","start":7926.07,"end":7926.51},{"text":"fee","start":7926.51,"end":7926.83},{"text":"exemption","start":7926.83,"end":7927.39},{"text":"schemes","start":7927.39,"end":7927.87},{"text":"which","start":7927.87,"end":7928.27},{"text":"as","start":7928.35,"end":7928.55},{"text":"we","start":7928.55,"end":7928.67},{"text":"can","start":7928.67,"end":7928.83},{"text":"observe","start":7928.83,"end":7929.23},{"text":"in","start":7929.23,"end":7929.35},{"text":"South","start":7929.35,"end":7929.55},{"text":"Africa,","start":7929.55,"end":7929.95},{"text":"the","start":7929.95,"end":7930.03},{"text":"country","start":7930.03,"end":7930.47},{"text":"in","start":7930.47,"end":7930.55},{"text":"which","start":7930.55,"end":7930.83},{"text":"I","start":7930.83,"end":7930.87},{"text":"live","start":7930.87,"end":7931.07},{"text":"and","start":7931.07,"end":7931.23},{"text":"teach,","start":7931.23,"end":7931.55},{"text":"horribly","start":7931.79,"end":7932.27},{"text":"fail.","start":7932.27,"end":7932.75}]},{"text":"The CRC obligation is situated below any consideration of whether it is progressive or not whatsoever.","start":7933.39,"end":7938.75,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7933.39,"end":7933.51},{"text":"CRC","start":7933.51,"end":7933.95},{"text":"obligation","start":7933.95,"end":7934.59},{"text":"is","start":7934.59,"end":7934.71},{"text":"situated","start":7934.71,"end":7935.23},{"text":"below","start":7935.23,"end":7935.55},{"text":"any","start":7935.55,"end":7935.79},{"text":"consideration","start":7935.79,"end":7936.47},{"text":"of","start":7936.47,"end":7936.55},{"text":"whether","start":7936.55,"end":7936.83},{"text":"it","start":7936.83,"end":7936.91},{"text":"is","start":7936.91,"end":7937.03},{"text":"progressive","start":7937.03,"end":7937.63},{"text":"or","start":7937.71,"end":7937.79},{"text":"not","start":7937.79,"end":7938.07},{"text":"whatsoever.","start":7938.07,"end":7938.75}]},{"text":"But even if we were to consider the original text as referring to an obligation to progressively make education free, then I do not think that it has become an immediate obligation.","start":7940.35,"end":7949.31,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":7940.35,"end":7940.51},{"text":"even","start":7940.51,"end":7940.79},{"text":"if","start":7940.79,"end":7940.91},{"text":"we","start":7940.91,"end":7941.19},{"text":"were","start":7941.19,"end":7941.31},{"text":"to","start":7941.31,"end":7941.43},{"text":"consider","start":7941.43,"end":7941.99},{"text":"the","start":7941.99,"end":7942.07},{"text":"original","start":7942.07,"end":7942.47},{"text":"text","start":7942.47,"end":7942.75},{"text":"as","start":7942.75,"end":7942.83},{"text":"referring","start":7942.83,"end":7943.31},{"text":"to","start":7943.31,"end":7943.39},{"text":"an","start":7943.39,"end":7943.47},{"text":"obligation","start":7943.47,"end":7943.95},{"text":"to","start":7943.95,"end":7944.07},{"text":"progressively","start":7944.07,"end":7944.67},{"text":"make","start":7944.67,"end":7944.91},{"text":"education","start":7944.91,"end":7945.55},{"text":"free,","start":7945.71,"end":7946.11},{"text":"then","start":7946.35,"end":7946.59},{"text":"I","start":7946.59,"end":7946.63},{"text":"do","start":7946.63,"end":7946.83},{"text":"not","start":7946.83,"end":7947.03},{"text":"think","start":7947.03,"end":7947.23},{"text":"that","start":7947.23,"end":7947.35},{"text":"it","start":7947.35,"end":7947.47},{"text":"has","start":7947.47,"end":7947.63},{"text":"become","start":7947.63,"end":7947.99},{"text":"an","start":7947.99,"end":7948.11},{"text":"immediate","start":7948.11,"end":7948.51},{"text":"obligation.","start":7948.51,"end":7949.31}]},{"text":"That interpretation is not reflected in the Committee on the Rights of the Child's general comments, including observations.","start":7949.63,"end":7955.07,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. 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The discussion often drew a distinction between having a common minimum right for all children and allowing states flexibility in how they implement that right."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7983.39,"end":7983.59},{"text":"African","start":7983.59,"end":7984.11},{"text":"Charter","start":7984.11,"end":7984.75},{"text":"adopted","start":7984.99,"end":7985.47},{"text":"just","start":7985.47,"end":7985.71},{"text":"one","start":7985.71,"end":7985.95},{"text":"year","start":7985.95,"end":7986.15},{"text":"after","start":7986.15,"end":7986.43},{"text":"the","start":7986.43,"end":7986.51},{"text":"CRC","start":7986.51,"end":7987.15},{"text":"therefore","start":7987.15,"end":7987.55},{"text":"states","start":7987.55,"end":7987.95},{"text":"that","start":7987.95,"end":7988.11},{"text":"states","start":7988.11,"end":7988.51},{"text":"parties","start":7988.51,"end":7988.91},{"text":"shall","start":7988.91,"end":7989.31},{"text":"make","start":7989.31,"end":7989.63},{"text":"secondary","start":7989.63,"end":7990.15},{"text":"education","start":7990.15,"end":7990.75},{"text":"progressively","start":7990.75,"end":7991.47},{"text":"free,","start":7991.47,"end":7991.87},{"text":"removing","start":7992.27,"end":7992.79},{"text":"the","start":7992.79,"end":7992.87},{"text":"language","start":7992.87,"end":7993.31},{"text":"of","start":7993.31,"end":7993.47},{"text":"option","start":7993.47,"end":7993.87},{"text":"and","start":7993.87,"end":7993.99},{"text":"cost","start":7993.99,"end":7994.39},{"text":"sharing","start":7994.39,"end":7994.67},{"text":"in","start":7994.67,"end":7994.75},{"text":"the","start":7994.75,"end":7994.87},{"text":"CRC.","start":7994.87,"end":7995.55}]},{"text":"Moreover, UNICEF figures show while 85% of the richest students worldwide complete lower secondary education, only 43% of the poorest students do so.","start":7996.47,"end":8006.79,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":7996.47,"end":7997.03},{"text":"UNICEF","start":7997.11,"end":7997.71},{"text":"figures","start":7997.71,"end":7998.03},{"text":"show","start":7998.03,"end":7998.31},{"text":"while","start":7998.59,"end":7999.11},{"text":"85%","start":7999.27,"end":7999.31},{"text":"of","start":7999.31,"end":7999.59},{"text":"the","start":7999.75,"end":7999.99},{"text":"richest","start":7999.99,"end":8000.35},{"text":"students","start":8000.35,"end":8000.79},{"text":"worldwide","start":8000.79,"end":8001.23},{"text":"complete","start":8001.23,"end":8001.67},{"text":"lower","start":8001.67,"end":8001.99},{"text":"secondary","start":8001.99,"end":8002.39},{"text":"education,","start":8002.39,"end":8002.79},{"text":"only","start":8002.79,"end":8003.83},{"text":"43%","start":8003.99,"end":8004.03},{"text":"of","start":8004.07,"end":8004.23},{"text":"the","start":8004.23,"end":8004.31},{"text":"poorest","start":8004.31,"end":8004.87},{"text":"students","start":8004.87,"end":8005.43},{"text":"do","start":8005.59,"end":8005.75},{"text":"so.","start":8006.39,"end":8006.79}]},{"text":"69% of the richest students complete upper secondary education, but only 15% of the poorest.","start":8006.79,"end":8011.51,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"69%","start":8006.79,"end":8006.83},{"text":"of","start":8006.83,"end":8006.95},{"text":"the","start":8007.27,"end":8007.35},{"text":"richest","start":8007.35,"end":8007.71},{"text":"students","start":8007.71,"end":8008.07},{"text":"complete","start":8008.07,"end":8008.47},{"text":"upper","start":8008.47,"end":8008.71},{"text":"secondary","start":8008.71,"end":8009.19},{"text":"education,","start":8009.19,"end":8010.39},{"text":"but","start":8010.39,"end":8010.59},{"text":"only","start":8010.59,"end":8010.75},{"text":"15%","start":8010.75,"end":8010.79},{"text":"of","start":8010.79,"end":8010.87},{"text":"the","start":8010.87,"end":8010.99},{"text":"poorest.","start":8010.99,"end":8011.51}]},{"text":"The prevalence of fees in secondary education may well indicate that states parties to the CRC at the moment do not consider the text of the CRC as covering a key obligation to introduce free education, whether immediately or progressively.","start":8011.91,"end":8024.47,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. 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Speakers discussed UN liquidity constraints, national budget pressures, tax and debt issues, and whether international cooperation obligations should help states expand free education without creating unmanageable burdens."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8025.63,"end":8025.79},{"text":"read","start":8025.79,"end":8025.99},{"text":"somewhere","start":8025.99,"end":8026.35},{"text":"that","start":8026.35,"end":8026.51},{"text":"the","start":8026.51,"end":8026.63},{"text":"cost","start":8026.63,"end":8027.15},{"text":"of","start":8027.31,"end":8027.63},{"text":"dealing","start":8027.63,"end":8028.19},{"text":"with","start":8028.19,"end":8028.51},{"text":"most","start":8028.51,"end":8028.83},{"text":"of","start":8028.83,"end":8028.91},{"text":"the","start":8028.91,"end":8029.03},{"text":"problems","start":8029.03,"end":8029.71},{"text":"up","start":8030.11,"end":8030.35},{"text":"to","start":8030.35,"end":8030.51},{"text":"secondary","start":8030.51,"end":8030.99},{"text":"education","start":8030.99,"end":8031.63},{"text":"could","start":8031.71,"end":8031.95},{"text":"be","start":8031.95,"end":8032.07},{"text":"met","start":8032.07,"end":8032.35},{"text":"by","start":8032.35,"end":8032.51},{"text":"taking","start":8032.51,"end":8032.83},{"text":"the","start":8032.83,"end":8032.95},{"text":"money","start":8032.95,"end":8033.31},{"text":"that","start":8033.31,"end":8033.47},{"text":"people","start":8033.47,"end":8033.87},{"text":"spend","start":8033.87,"end":8034.51},{"text":"in","start":8034.51,"end":8034.75},{"text":"a","start":8034.83,"end":8034.87},{"text":"year","start":8034.87,"end":8035.07},{"text":"on","start":8035.07,"end":8035.23},{"text":"ice","start":8035.23,"end":8035.43},{"text":"cream.","start":8035.43,"end":8035.79}]},{"text":"So, the argument that the money is not available is not convincing to me.","start":8037.23,"end":8041.71,"topics":[{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Cooperation","description":"Financing was a major topic, both in relation to states’ domestic capacity and to international support. 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Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."},{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."},{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"Does","start":8048.51,"end":8048.75},{"text":"an","start":8048.75,"end":8048.83},{"text":"OP","start":8048.87,"end":8048.99},{"text":"not","start":8048.99,"end":8049.19},{"text":"dilute","start":8049.19,"end":8049.59},{"text":"obligations","start":8049.59,"end":8050.19},{"text":"relating","start":8050.19,"end":8050.59},{"text":"to","start":8050.59,"end":8050.71},{"text":"ECCE","start":8050.71,"end":8051.07},{"text":"to","start":8051.23,"end":8051.43},{"text":"the","start":8051.43,"end":8051.51},{"text":"extent","start":8051.51,"end":8051.87},{"text":"that","start":8051.87,"end":8051.99},{"text":"they","start":8051.99,"end":8052.07},{"text":"already","start":8052.07,"end":8052.31},{"text":"exist","start":8052.31,"end":8052.67},{"text":"under","start":8052.67,"end":8052.87},{"text":"the","start":8052.87,"end":8052.95},{"text":"CRC?","start":8052.95,"end":8053.63}]},{"text":"Non-ratifying states may argue that as the OP protects the right, they have no obligations under the current CRC.","start":8054.23,"end":8060.39,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. 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Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"Non-ratifying","start":8054.23,"end":8055.11},{"text":"states","start":8055.11,"end":8055.43},{"text":"may","start":8055.43,"end":8055.55},{"text":"argue","start":8055.59,"end":8055.91},{"text":"that","start":8055.91,"end":8056.15},{"text":"as","start":8056.15,"end":8056.39},{"text":"the","start":8056.43,"end":8056.51},{"text":"OP","start":8056.51,"end":8056.59},{"text":"protects","start":8056.63,"end":8057.19},{"text":"the","start":8057.19,"end":8057.27},{"text":"right,","start":8057.27,"end":8057.67},{"text":"they","start":8058.07,"end":8058.23},{"text":"have","start":8058.23,"end":8058.47},{"text":"no","start":8058.47,"end":8058.63},{"text":"obligations","start":8058.63,"end":8059.15},{"text":"under","start":8059.15,"end":8059.39},{"text":"the","start":8059.39,"end":8059.47},{"text":"current","start":8059.47,"end":8059.87},{"text":"CRC.","start":8059.87,"end":8060.39}]},{"text":"States parties to the CRC that do not ratify the Optional Protocol cannot argue that there exist no obligations regarding ECCE, free pre-primary education or free secondary education for them.","start":8061.27,"end":8072.15,"topics":[{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."},{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."},{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."},{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"States","start":8061.27,"end":8061.75},{"text":"parties","start":8061.75,"end":8062.15},{"text":"to","start":8062.15,"end":8062.31},{"text":"the","start":8062.31,"end":8062.43},{"text":"CRC","start":8062.43,"end":8062.95},{"text":"that","start":8062.95,"end":8063.11},{"text":"do","start":8063.11,"end":8063.27},{"text":"not","start":8063.27,"end":8063.47},{"text":"ratify","start":8063.47,"end":8063.91},{"text":"the","start":8063.91,"end":8063.99},{"text":"Optional","start":8063.99,"end":8064.27},{"text":"Protocol","start":8064.27,"end":8064.79},{"text":"cannot","start":8064.79,"end":8065.27},{"text":"argue","start":8065.27,"end":8065.67},{"text":"that","start":8065.67,"end":8066.15},{"text":"there","start":8066.39,"end":8066.67},{"text":"exist","start":8066.71,"end":8067.27},{"text":"no","start":8067.27,"end":8067.67},{"text":"obligations","start":8067.67,"end":8068.39},{"text":"regarding","start":8068.39,"end":8068.79},{"text":"ECCE,","start":8068.79,"end":8068.95},{"text":"free","start":8068.95,"end":8069.43},{"text":"pre-primary","start":8069.43,"end":8070.11},{"text":"education","start":8070.11,"end":8070.51},{"text":"or","start":8070.51,"end":8070.59},{"text":"free","start":8070.59,"end":8070.75},{"text":"secondary","start":8070.75,"end":8071.15},{"text":"education","start":8071.15,"end":8071.59},{"text":"for","start":8071.59,"end":8071.87},{"text":"them.","start":8071.87,"end":8072.15}]},{"text":"As shown, in some respects these rights exist already by way of interpretation, even if rather diffusely and as rather discretionary rights.","start":8072.87,"end":8080.87,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."},{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":8072.87,"end":8072.95},{"text":"shown,","start":8072.95,"end":8073.43},{"text":"in","start":8073.75,"end":8073.91},{"text":"some","start":8073.91,"end":8074.15},{"text":"respects","start":8074.15,"end":8074.63},{"text":"these","start":8074.63,"end":8074.95},{"text":"rights","start":8074.95,"end":8075.27},{"text":"exist","start":8075.27,"end":8075.91},{"text":"already","start":8075.91,"end":8076.23},{"text":"by","start":8076.23,"end":8076.39},{"text":"way","start":8076.39,"end":8076.55},{"text":"of","start":8076.55,"end":8076.63},{"text":"interpretation,","start":8076.63,"end":8077.43},{"text":"even","start":8077.43,"end":8077.83},{"text":"if","start":8077.83,"end":8077.99},{"text":"rather","start":8077.99,"end":8078.31},{"text":"diffusely","start":8078.31,"end":8078.95},{"text":"and","start":8078.95,"end":8079.19},{"text":"as","start":8079.19,"end":8079.35},{"text":"rather","start":8079.35,"end":8079.63},{"text":"discretionary","start":8079.63,"end":8080.39},{"text":"rights.","start":8080.39,"end":8080.87}]},{"text":"It would be the duty of the Committee on the Rights of the Child to remind non-ratifying States parties of this fact when engaging with them in the discussion of State reports.","start":8081.55,"end":8089.63,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8081.55,"end":8081.71},{"text":"would","start":8081.71,"end":8081.95},{"text":"be","start":8081.95,"end":8082.03},{"text":"the","start":8082.03,"end":8082.15},{"text":"duty","start":8082.15,"end":8082.55},{"text":"of","start":8082.59,"end":8082.75},{"text":"the","start":8082.75,"end":8082.83},{"text":"Committee","start":8082.83,"end":8083.27},{"text":"on","start":8083.27,"end":8083.39},{"text":"the","start":8083.39,"end":8083.47},{"text":"Rights","start":8083.47,"end":8083.71},{"text":"of","start":8083.71,"end":8083.79},{"text":"the","start":8083.79,"end":8083.91},{"text":"Child","start":8083.91,"end":8084.19},{"text":"to","start":8084.19,"end":8084.27},{"text":"remind","start":8084.27,"end":8084.87},{"text":"non-ratifying","start":8084.87,"end":8085.59},{"text":"States","start":8085.59,"end":8085.95},{"text":"parties","start":8085.95,"end":8086.43},{"text":"of","start":8086.43,"end":8086.51},{"text":"this","start":8086.51,"end":8086.75},{"text":"fact","start":8086.75,"end":8087.03},{"text":"when","start":8087.03,"end":8087.19},{"text":"engaging","start":8087.19,"end":8087.71},{"text":"with","start":8087.71,"end":8087.83},{"text":"them","start":8087.83,"end":8087.95},{"text":"in","start":8087.95,"end":8088.11},{"text":"the","start":8088.11,"end":8088.19},{"text":"discussion","start":8088.19,"end":8088.71},{"text":"of","start":8088.71,"end":8088.79},{"text":"State","start":8088.79,"end":8089.07},{"text":"reports.","start":8089.07,"end":8089.63}]},{"text":"Is the existing right of parents to establish and choose private schools not prejudiced by postulating rights to public ECCE, including free public pre-primary and free public secondary education?","start":8091.07,"end":8102.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Is","start":8091.07,"end":8091.31},{"text":"the","start":8091.31,"end":8091.43},{"text":"existing","start":8091.43,"end":8091.87},{"text":"right","start":8091.87,"end":8092.27},{"text":"of","start":8092.27,"end":8092.43},{"text":"parents","start":8092.43,"end":8092.83},{"text":"to","start":8092.83,"end":8092.91},{"text":"establish","start":8092.91,"end":8093.31},{"text":"and","start":8093.31,"end":8093.43},{"text":"choose","start":8093.43,"end":8093.59},{"text":"private","start":8093.59,"end":8093.95},{"text":"schools","start":8093.95,"end":8094.27},{"text":"not","start":8094.27,"end":8094.47},{"text":"prejudiced","start":8094.47,"end":8094.99},{"text":"by","start":8094.99,"end":8095.31},{"text":"postulating","start":8095.47,"end":8096.03},{"text":"rights","start":8096.03,"end":8096.27},{"text":"to","start":8096.27,"end":8096.35},{"text":"public","start":8096.35,"end":8096.83},{"text":"ECCE,","start":8096.83,"end":8097.23},{"text":"including","start":8097.23,"end":8097.79},{"text":"free","start":8097.79,"end":8098.03},{"text":"public","start":8098.03,"end":8098.43},{"text":"pre-primary","start":8099.03,"end":8099.63},{"text":"and","start":8100.27,"end":8100.59},{"text":"free","start":8100.59,"end":8100.75},{"text":"public","start":8100.75,"end":8101.15},{"text":"secondary","start":8101.15,"end":8101.59},{"text":"education?","start":8101.59,"end":8102.19}]},{"text":"Public ECCE including free public pre-primary education and free public secondary education are not an argument against the right to establish and choose private schools.","start":8103.63,"end":8111.55,"topics":[{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."}],"words":[{"text":"Public","start":8103.63,"end":8104.03},{"text":"ECCE","start":8104.03,"end":8104.43},{"text":"including","start":8104.43,"end":8105.07},{"text":"free","start":8105.07,"end":8105.31},{"text":"public","start":8105.31,"end":8105.63},{"text":"pre-primary","start":8105.79,"end":8106.31},{"text":"education","start":8106.31,"end":8106.75},{"text":"and","start":8106.75,"end":8106.91},{"text":"free","start":8106.91,"end":8107.07},{"text":"public","start":8107.07,"end":8107.39},{"text":"secondary","start":8107.39,"end":8107.79},{"text":"education","start":8107.79,"end":8108.27},{"text":"are","start":8108.51,"end":8108.59},{"text":"not","start":8108.59,"end":8108.79},{"text":"an","start":8108.79,"end":8108.91},{"text":"argument","start":8108.91,"end":8109.39},{"text":"against","start":8109.39,"end":8109.67},{"text":"the","start":8109.67,"end":8109.75},{"text":"right","start":8109.75,"end":8109.91},{"text":"to","start":8109.91,"end":8109.99},{"text":"establish","start":8109.99,"end":8110.39},{"text":"and","start":8110.39,"end":8110.51},{"text":"choose","start":8110.51,"end":8110.75},{"text":"private","start":8110.75,"end":8111.07},{"text":"schools.","start":8111.07,"end":8111.55}]},{"text":"This right to establish and choose private schools is clearly protected by international law.","start":8112.19,"end":8117.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8112.19,"end":8112.51},{"text":"right","start":8112.51,"end":8112.91},{"text":"to","start":8114.03,"end":8114.15},{"text":"establish","start":8114.15,"end":8114.63},{"text":"and","start":8114.63,"end":8114.75},{"text":"choose","start":8114.75,"end":8114.91},{"text":"private","start":8114.91,"end":8115.27},{"text":"schools","start":8115.27,"end":8115.55},{"text":"is","start":8115.55,"end":8115.67},{"text":"clearly","start":8115.67,"end":8115.95},{"text":"protected","start":8115.95,"end":8116.43},{"text":"by","start":8116.43,"end":8116.55},{"text":"international","start":8116.55,"end":8117.35},{"text":"law.","start":8117.35,"end":8117.43}]},{"text":"Private education institutions are entitled, cannot be forbidden to charge fees.","start":8117.83,"end":8121.71,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."}],"words":[{"text":"Private","start":8117.83,"end":8118.27},{"text":"education","start":8118.27,"end":8118.71},{"text":"institutions","start":8118.71,"end":8119.27},{"text":"are","start":8119.27,"end":8119.35},{"text":"entitled,","start":8119.35,"end":8119.95},{"text":"cannot","start":8119.95,"end":8120.27},{"text":"be","start":8120.27,"end":8120.43},{"text":"forbidden","start":8120.43,"end":8120.83},{"text":"to","start":8120.83,"end":8120.95},{"text":"charge","start":8120.95,"end":8121.31},{"text":"fees.","start":8121.31,"end":8121.71}]},{"text":"Does the inclusion of obligations of international cooperation in OP No. 10 undermine existing international cooperation obligations?","start":8122.83,"end":8129.63,"topics":[{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Cooperation","description":"Financing was a major topic, both in relation to states’ domestic capacity and to international support. Speakers discussed UN liquidity constraints, national budget pressures, tax and debt issues, and whether international cooperation obligations should help states expand free education without creating unmanageable burdens."}],"words":[{"text":"Does","start":8122.83,"end":8123.03},{"text":"the","start":8123.03,"end":8123.11},{"text":"inclusion","start":8123.11,"end":8123.67},{"text":"of","start":8123.67,"end":8123.79},{"text":"obligations","start":8123.79,"end":8124.35},{"text":"of","start":8124.35,"end":8124.43},{"text":"international","start":8124.43,"end":8124.91},{"text":"cooperation","start":8124.91,"end":8125.39},{"text":"in","start":8125.39,"end":8125.47},{"text":"OP","start":8125.47,"end":8125.55},{"text":"No.","start":8125.55,"end":8126.11},{"text":"10","start":8126.11,"end":8126.27},{"text":"undermine","start":8126.27,"end":8126.99},{"text":"existing","start":8126.99,"end":8127.51},{"text":"international","start":8127.51,"end":8128.19},{"text":"cooperation","start":8128.19,"end":8128.75},{"text":"obligations?","start":8128.75,"end":8129.63}]},{"text":"Obligations of international cooperation under an OP would be formulated specifically with regard to strengthening ECCE, including free pre-primary education and free secondary education in mind.","start":8130.87,"end":8140.23,"topics":[{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Cooperation","description":"Financing was a major topic, both in relation to states’ domestic capacity and to international support. Speakers discussed UN liquidity constraints, national budget pressures, tax and debt issues, and whether international cooperation obligations should help states expand free education without creating unmanageable burdens."},{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."}],"words":[{"text":"Obligations","start":8130.87,"end":8131.51},{"text":"of","start":8131.51,"end":8131.67},{"text":"international","start":8131.67,"end":8132.19},{"text":"cooperation","start":8132.19,"end":8132.79},{"text":"under","start":8132.79,"end":8133.03},{"text":"an","start":8133.03,"end":8133.11},{"text":"OP","start":8133.15,"end":8133.35},{"text":"would","start":8133.43,"end":8133.75},{"text":"be","start":8133.75,"end":8134.07},{"text":"formulated","start":8134.07,"end":8134.71},{"text":"specifically","start":8134.71,"end":8135.51},{"text":"with","start":8135.51,"end":8135.71},{"text":"regard","start":8135.71,"end":8135.99},{"text":"to","start":8135.99,"end":8136.07},{"text":"strengthening","start":8136.07,"end":8136.63},{"text":"ECCE,","start":8136.63,"end":8137.03},{"text":"including","start":8137.03,"end":8137.67},{"text":"free","start":8137.67,"end":8137.83},{"text":"pre-primary","start":8137.83,"end":8138.27},{"text":"education","start":8138.27,"end":8138.63},{"text":"and","start":8138.63,"end":8138.75},{"text":"free","start":8138.75,"end":8138.87},{"text":"secondary","start":8138.87,"end":8139.23},{"text":"education","start":8139.23,"end":8139.59},{"text":"in","start":8139.59,"end":8139.75},{"text":"mind.","start":8139.75,"end":8140.23}]},{"text":"In that sense, they reiterate or add to any international cooperation obligations that exist under the CRC.","start":8140.63,"end":8146.63,"topics":[{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Cooperation","description":"Financing was a major topic, both in relation to states’ domestic capacity and to international support. Speakers discussed UN liquidity constraints, national budget pressures, tax and debt issues, and whether international cooperation obligations should help states expand free education without creating unmanageable burdens."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8140.63,"end":8140.71},{"text":"that","start":8140.71,"end":8140.95},{"text":"sense,","start":8140.95,"end":8141.19},{"text":"they","start":8141.19,"end":8141.31},{"text":"reiterate","start":8141.31,"end":8142.07},{"text":"or","start":8142.07,"end":8142.23},{"text":"add","start":8142.23,"end":8142.43},{"text":"to","start":8142.43,"end":8142.59},{"text":"any","start":8142.63,"end":8142.95},{"text":"international","start":8143.03,"end":8143.55},{"text":"cooperation","start":8143.55,"end":8144.07},{"text":"obligations","start":8144.11,"end":8144.79},{"text":"that","start":8144.79,"end":8144.91},{"text":"exist","start":8144.91,"end":8145.51},{"text":"under","start":8145.75,"end":8145.99},{"text":"the","start":8145.99,"end":8146.07},{"text":"CRC.","start":8146.07,"end":8146.63}]},{"text":"Care must just be taken to ensure that international cooperation obligations under an Optional Protocol do not lower existing standards on the topic under the CRC.","start":8147.03,"end":8155.43,"topics":[{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Cooperation","description":"Financing was a major topic, both in relation to states’ domestic capacity and to international support. 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Speakers discussed UN liquidity constraints, national budget pressures, tax and debt issues, and whether international cooperation obligations should help states expand free education without creating unmanageable burdens."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8155.99,"end":8156.15},{"text":"should","start":8156.15,"end":8156.31},{"text":"be","start":8156.31,"end":8156.39},{"text":"noted","start":8156.39,"end":8156.87},{"text":"that","start":8157.03,"end":8157.27},{"text":"also","start":8157.27,"end":8157.51},{"text":"the","start":8157.51,"end":8157.63},{"text":"Optional","start":8157.63,"end":8157.95},{"text":"Protocol","start":8157.95,"end":8158.55},{"text":"on","start":8159.19,"end":8159.31},{"text":"the","start":8159.31,"end":8159.39},{"text":"involvement","start":8159.39,"end":8159.83},{"text":"of","start":8159.83,"end":8159.99},{"text":"children","start":8159.99,"end":8160.27},{"text":"in","start":8160.27,"end":8160.35},{"text":"armed","start":8160.35,"end":8160.51},{"text":"conflict","start":8160.51,"end":8161.03},{"text":"and","start":8161.03,"end":8161.19},{"text":"the","start":8161.19,"end":8161.27},{"text":"Optional","start":8161.27,"end":8161.55},{"text":"Protocol","start":8161.55,"end":8162.15},{"text":"on","start":8162.19,"end":8162.31},{"text":"the","start":8162.31,"end":8162.39},{"text":"sale","start":8162.39,"end":8162.63},{"text":"of","start":8162.63,"end":8162.71},{"text":"children,","start":8162.71,"end":8163.19},{"text":"child","start":8163.19,"end":8163.39},{"text":"prostitution","start":8163.39,"end":8163.95},{"text":"and","start":8163.95,"end":8164.07},{"text":"child","start":8164.07,"end":8164.27},{"text":"***********","start":8164.27,"end":8164.87},{"text":"stipulate","start":8165.35,"end":8165.91},{"text":"international","start":8165.91,"end":8166.59},{"text":"cooperation","start":8166.59,"end":8167.23},{"text":"obligations.","start":8167.23,"end":8168.15}]},{"text":"It is part of international human rights doctrine that the duty to fulfill human rights obligations first of all is domestic in nature.","start":8169.11,"end":8175.11,"topics":[{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Cooperation","description":"Financing was a major topic, both in relation to states’ domestic capacity and to international support. 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Speakers discussed UN liquidity constraints, national budget pressures, tax and debt issues, and whether international cooperation obligations should help states expand free education without creating unmanageable burdens."}],"words":[{"text":"Beyond","start":8182.99,"end":8183.47},{"text":"the","start":8183.47,"end":8183.59},{"text":"provision","start":8183.59,"end":8184.03},{"text":"of","start":8184.03,"end":8184.15},{"text":"assistance","start":8184.15,"end":8184.59},{"text":"level,","start":8184.59,"end":8184.91},{"text":"obligations","start":8184.91,"end":8185.67},{"text":"of","start":8185.67,"end":8185.75},{"text":"international","start":8185.75,"end":8186.23},{"text":"cooperation","start":8186.23,"end":8186.75},{"text":"always","start":8186.75,"end":8187.23},{"text":"operate","start":8187.55,"end":8188.11},{"text":"concurrently","start":8188.11,"end":8188.83},{"text":"with","start":8188.83,"end":8189.03},{"text":"domestic","start":8189.03,"end":8189.51},{"text":"obligations.","start":8189.51,"end":8190.19}]},{"text":"Thus providing for voluntary opting in by states to the communication procedure not prejudice justicability of rights to ECCE, free pre-primary education and free secondary education.","start":8191.23,"end":8200.91,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. 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Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."}],"words":[{"text":"Thus","start":8191.23,"end":8191.47},{"text":"providing","start":8191.47,"end":8191.99},{"text":"for","start":8191.99,"end":8192.11},{"text":"voluntary","start":8192.11,"end":8192.67},{"text":"opting","start":8192.67,"end":8193.07},{"text":"in","start":8193.07,"end":8193.23},{"text":"by","start":8193.23,"end":8193.39},{"text":"states","start":8193.39,"end":8193.79},{"text":"to","start":8193.79,"end":8193.91},{"text":"the","start":8193.91,"end":8193.99},{"text":"communication","start":8193.99,"end":8194.63},{"text":"procedure","start":8194.63,"end":8195.15},{"text":"not","start":8195.15,"end":8195.47},{"text":"prejudice","start":8195.55,"end":8196.11},{"text":"justicability","start":8196.19,"end":8197.03},{"text":"of","start":8197.03,"end":8197.15},{"text":"rights","start":8197.15,"end":8197.47},{"text":"to","start":8197.47,"end":8197.63},{"text":"ECCE,","start":8197.63,"end":8197.79},{"text":"free","start":8197.83,"end":8198.27},{"text":"pre-primary","start":8198.51,"end":8199.19},{"text":"education","start":8199.19,"end":8199.67},{"text":"and","start":8199.67,"end":8199.79},{"text":"free","start":8199.79,"end":8199.95},{"text":"secondary","start":8199.95,"end":8200.31},{"text":"education.","start":8200.31,"end":8200.91}]},{"text":"Some might say while such rights would be just as possible for states that have made a declaration under the current CRC, Justiciability would cease when states ratify the OP but do not make a declaration in respect of the OP.","start":8201.39,"end":8212.95,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"Some","start":8201.39,"end":8201.63},{"text":"might","start":8201.63,"end":8201.79},{"text":"say","start":8201.79,"end":8201.99},{"text":"while","start":8201.99,"end":8202.27},{"text":"such","start":8202.27,"end":8202.51},{"text":"rights","start":8202.51,"end":8202.99},{"text":"would","start":8203.07,"end":8203.31},{"text":"be","start":8203.31,"end":8203.43},{"text":"just","start":8203.43,"end":8203.67},{"text":"as","start":8203.67,"end":8203.75},{"text":"possible","start":8203.75,"end":8204.11},{"text":"for","start":8204.11,"end":8204.27},{"text":"states","start":8204.27,"end":8204.59},{"text":"that","start":8204.59,"end":8204.79},{"text":"have","start":8204.79,"end":8204.91},{"text":"made","start":8204.91,"end":8205.11},{"text":"a","start":8205.11,"end":8205.15},{"text":"declaration","start":8205.15,"end":8205.71},{"text":"under","start":8205.71,"end":8205.91},{"text":"the","start":8205.91,"end":8205.99},{"text":"current","start":8206.03,"end":8206.39},{"text":"CRC,","start":8206.39,"end":8206.91},{"text":"Justiciability","start":8207.35,"end":8208.15},{"text":"would","start":8208.15,"end":8208.31},{"text":"cease","start":8208.31,"end":8208.83},{"text":"when","start":8208.83,"end":8209.11},{"text":"states","start":8209.11,"end":8209.43},{"text":"ratify","start":8209.43,"end":8209.91},{"text":"the","start":8209.91,"end":8210.03},{"text":"OP","start":8210.11,"end":8210.39},{"text":"but","start":8210.39,"end":8210.59},{"text":"do","start":8210.59,"end":8210.75},{"text":"not","start":8210.75,"end":8210.95},{"text":"make","start":8210.95,"end":8211.15},{"text":"a","start":8211.15,"end":8211.19},{"text":"declaration","start":8211.19,"end":8211.75},{"text":"in","start":8211.75,"end":8211.91},{"text":"respect","start":8211.91,"end":8212.31},{"text":"of","start":8212.31,"end":8212.47},{"text":"the","start":8212.47,"end":8212.59},{"text":"OP.","start":8212.59,"end":8212.95}]},{"text":"Now for non-ratifying states, they will retain obligations regarding ECCE, free pre-primary education and free secondary education to the extent that they currently exist under the CRC.","start":8213.59,"end":8223.43,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."},{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."}],"words":[{"text":"Now","start":8213.59,"end":8213.75},{"text":"for","start":8213.75,"end":8213.91},{"text":"non-ratifying","start":8213.91,"end":8214.71},{"text":"states,","start":8214.71,"end":8215.35},{"text":"they","start":8215.67,"end":8215.83},{"text":"will","start":8215.83,"end":8215.99},{"text":"retain","start":8215.99,"end":8216.43},{"text":"obligations","start":8216.43,"end":8217.03},{"text":"regarding","start":8217.03,"end":8217.43},{"text":"ECCE,","start":8217.43,"end":8217.59},{"text":"free","start":8217.59,"end":8218.07},{"text":"pre-primary","start":8218.07,"end":8218.83},{"text":"education","start":8218.83,"end":8219.27},{"text":"and","start":8219.27,"end":8219.43},{"text":"free","start":8219.43,"end":8219.59},{"text":"secondary","start":8219.59,"end":8219.95},{"text":"education","start":8219.95,"end":8220.39},{"text":"to","start":8220.47,"end":8220.63},{"text":"the","start":8220.63,"end":8220.75},{"text":"extent","start":8220.75,"end":8221.31},{"text":"that","start":8221.31,"end":8221.47},{"text":"they","start":8221.47,"end":8221.67},{"text":"currently","start":8221.67,"end":8222.11},{"text":"exist","start":8222.11,"end":8222.47},{"text":"under","start":8222.47,"end":8222.71},{"text":"the","start":8222.71,"end":8222.79},{"text":"CRC.","start":8222.79,"end":8223.43}]},{"text":"If these states have expressed an opt-in to accept the individual complaints procedure, then complaints can be brought against them to the extent that obligations exist under the current CRC.","start":8223.99,"end":8233.03,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. 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Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8233.55,"end":8233.63},{"text":"situation","start":8233.67,"end":8234.23},{"text":"for","start":8234.23,"end":8234.35},{"text":"ratifying","start":8234.35,"end":8234.91},{"text":"states,","start":8234.91,"end":8235.43},{"text":"These","start":8235.83,"end":8236.07},{"text":"are","start":8236.07,"end":8236.15},{"text":"bound","start":8236.15,"end":8236.47},{"text":"by","start":8236.47,"end":8236.63},{"text":"the","start":8236.63,"end":8236.75},{"text":"more","start":8236.75,"end":8236.91},{"text":"extensive","start":8236.91,"end":8237.35},{"text":"obligations","start":8237.35,"end":8237.99},{"text":"of","start":8237.99,"end":8238.15},{"text":"the","start":8238.15,"end":8238.23},{"text":"Optional","start":8238.23,"end":8238.51},{"text":"Protocol,","start":8238.51,"end":8239.03},{"text":"also","start":8239.03,"end":8239.27},{"text":"here","start":8239.27,"end":8239.59},{"text":"if","start":8239.59,"end":8239.71},{"text":"they","start":8239.71,"end":8239.91},{"text":"opt-in,","start":8239.91,"end":8240.47},{"text":"complaints","start":8240.71,"end":8241.27},{"text":"can","start":8241.27,"end":8241.43},{"text":"be","start":8241.43,"end":8241.55},{"text":"brought","start":8241.55,"end":8241.75},{"text":"against","start":8241.75,"end":8242.11},{"text":"them","start":8242.11,"end":8242.23},{"text":"to","start":8242.23,"end":8242.39},{"text":"vindicate","start":8242.39,"end":8242.87},{"text":"the","start":8242.87,"end":8242.95},{"text":"more","start":8242.95,"end":8243.11},{"text":"extensive","start":8243.11,"end":8243.67},{"text":"rights","start":8243.67,"end":8244.15},{"text":"of","start":8244.23,"end":8244.39},{"text":"the","start":8244.43,"end":8244.51},{"text":"OP.","start":8244.51,"end":8244.71}]},{"text":"But there is no situation that ratifying States who do not opt-in do not have to fear complaints anymore.","start":8245.19,"end":8251.11,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. 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Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":8251.51,"end":8251.79},{"text":"States","start":8251.79,"end":8252.19},{"text":"do","start":8252.19,"end":8252.31},{"text":"not","start":8252.31,"end":8252.55},{"text":"cease","start":8252.55,"end":8252.79},{"text":"to","start":8252.79,"end":8252.91},{"text":"be","start":8252.91,"end":8253.03},{"text":"bound","start":8253.03,"end":8253.31},{"text":"by","start":8253.31,"end":8253.43},{"text":"the","start":8253.43,"end":8253.55},{"text":"situation","start":8253.55,"end":8254.15},{"text":"under","start":8254.15,"end":8254.35},{"text":"the","start":8254.35,"end":8254.47},{"text":"original","start":8254.47,"end":8254.95},{"text":"CRC.","start":8254.95,"end":8255.59}]},{"text":"To that extent, complaints regarding ECCE and secondary education can still be brought against them.","start":8255.91,"end":8260.63,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. 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This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":8255.91,"end":8256.07},{"text":"that","start":8256.07,"end":8256.23},{"text":"extent,","start":8256.23,"end":8256.63},{"text":"complaints","start":8256.63,"end":8257.19},{"text":"regarding","start":8257.19,"end":8257.67},{"text":"ECCE","start":8257.67,"end":8257.99},{"text":"and","start":8258.23,"end":8258.39},{"text":"secondary","start":8258.39,"end":8258.75},{"text":"education","start":8258.75,"end":8259.27},{"text":"can","start":8259.27,"end":8259.43},{"text":"still","start":8259.43,"end":8259.67},{"text":"be","start":8259.67,"end":8259.75},{"text":"brought","start":8259.75,"end":8260.07},{"text":"against","start":8260.07,"end":8260.43},{"text":"them.","start":8260.43,"end":8260.63}]},{"text":"Should there not be a retrogression clause in the OP?","start":8261.99,"end":8264.47,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"Should","start":8261.99,"end":8262.19},{"text":"there","start":8262.19,"end":8262.31},{"text":"not","start":8262.31,"end":8262.59},{"text":"be","start":8262.59,"end":8262.71},{"text":"a","start":8262.71,"end":8262.75},{"text":"retrogression","start":8262.75,"end":8263.35},{"text":"clause","start":8263.35,"end":8263.91},{"text":"in","start":8263.91,"end":8264.07},{"text":"the","start":8264.07,"end":8264.23},{"text":"OP?","start":8264.27,"end":8264.47}]},{"text":"A non-retrogression clause should indeed be included in the Optional Protocol.","start":8265.23,"end":8268.99,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":8265.23,"end":8265.27},{"text":"non-retrogression","start":8265.27,"end":8266.11},{"text":"clause","start":8266.11,"end":8266.51},{"text":"should","start":8266.67,"end":8266.99},{"text":"indeed","start":8266.99,"end":8267.31},{"text":"be","start":8267.31,"end":8267.43},{"text":"included","start":8267.43,"end":8267.95},{"text":"in","start":8267.95,"end":8268.03},{"text":"the","start":8268.03,"end":8268.15},{"text":"Optional","start":8268.15,"end":8268.43},{"text":"Protocol.","start":8268.43,"end":8268.99}]},{"text":"Does an Optional Protocol not lead to a fragmentation of the right to education?","start":8270.11,"end":8274.91,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"Does","start":8270.11,"end":8270.23},{"text":"an","start":8270.23,"end":8270.35},{"text":"Optional","start":8270.35,"end":8270.63},{"text":"Protocol","start":8270.63,"end":8270.99},{"text":"not","start":8270.99,"end":8271.27},{"text":"lead","start":8271.27,"end":8271.39},{"text":"to","start":8271.39,"end":8271.59},{"text":"a","start":8271.63,"end":8271.71},{"text":"fragmentation","start":8271.71,"end":8272.51},{"text":"of","start":8272.51,"end":8272.75},{"text":"the","start":8272.99,"end":8273.15},{"text":"right","start":8273.15,"end":8273.43},{"text":"to","start":8273.43,"end":8273.71},{"text":"education?","start":8274.03,"end":8274.91}]},{"text":"And specifically, is it not more important for an OP to focus on lifelong education?","start":8276.67,"end":8281.15,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."},{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":8276.67,"end":8276.83},{"text":"specifically,","start":8276.83,"end":8277.39},{"text":"is","start":8277.39,"end":8277.55},{"text":"it","start":8277.55,"end":8277.63},{"text":"not","start":8277.63,"end":8277.87},{"text":"more","start":8277.87,"end":8278.03},{"text":"important","start":8278.03,"end":8278.63},{"text":"for","start":8278.63,"end":8278.79},{"text":"an","start":8278.83,"end":8278.91},{"text":"OP","start":8278.95,"end":8279.15},{"text":"to","start":8279.15,"end":8279.27},{"text":"focus","start":8279.27,"end":8279.71},{"text":"on","start":8279.71,"end":8279.87},{"text":"lifelong","start":8279.87,"end":8280.47},{"text":"education?","start":8280.47,"end":8281.15}]},{"text":"This would reflect trends in UNESCO policy that view education as a lifelong endeavor and right.","start":8281.23,"end":8285.87,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8281.23,"end":8281.47},{"text":"would","start":8281.47,"end":8281.71},{"text":"reflect","start":8281.71,"end":8282.07},{"text":"trends","start":8282.07,"end":8282.43},{"text":"in","start":8282.43,"end":8282.55},{"text":"UNESCO","start":8282.55,"end":8282.99},{"text":"policy","start":8282.99,"end":8283.47},{"text":"that","start":8283.47,"end":8283.63},{"text":"view","start":8283.63,"end":8283.79},{"text":"education","start":8283.79,"end":8284.35},{"text":"as","start":8284.35,"end":8284.47},{"text":"a","start":8284.47,"end":8284.51},{"text":"lifelong","start":8284.51,"end":8284.99},{"text":"endeavor","start":8284.99,"end":8285.35},{"text":"and","start":8285.35,"end":8285.55},{"text":"right.","start":8285.55,"end":8285.87}]},{"text":"UNESCO emphasizes the right to lifelong education, for example, in its recommendation on adult learning and education of 2015.","start":8287.23,"end":8293.15,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"UNESCO","start":8287.23,"end":8287.67},{"text":"emphasizes","start":8287.71,"end":8288.23},{"text":"the","start":8288.23,"end":8288.31},{"text":"right","start":8288.31,"end":8288.47},{"text":"to","start":8288.47,"end":8288.55},{"text":"lifelong","start":8288.55,"end":8288.95},{"text":"education,","start":8288.95,"end":8289.39},{"text":"for","start":8289.39,"end":8289.55},{"text":"example,","start":8289.55,"end":8289.95},{"text":"in","start":8289.95,"end":8290.07},{"text":"its","start":8290.07,"end":8290.19},{"text":"recommendation","start":8290.19,"end":8290.79},{"text":"on","start":8290.79,"end":8290.91},{"text":"adult","start":8290.91,"end":8291.15},{"text":"learning","start":8291.15,"end":8291.43},{"text":"and","start":8291.43,"end":8291.55},{"text":"education","start":8291.55,"end":8291.95},{"text":"of","start":8291.95,"end":8292.03},{"text":"2015.","start":8292.03,"end":8293.15}]},{"text":"Human Rights Council resolution 56-6 does not contain a clear mandate to address lifelong education.","start":8293.87,"end":8298.83,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"Human","start":8293.87,"end":8294.11},{"text":"Rights","start":8294.11,"end":8294.27},{"text":"Council","start":8294.27,"end":8294.67},{"text":"resolution","start":8294.67,"end":8295.15},{"text":"56-6","start":8295.15,"end":8295.87},{"text":"does","start":8295.87,"end":8296.03},{"text":"not","start":8296.03,"end":8296.31},{"text":"contain","start":8296.31,"end":8296.67},{"text":"a","start":8296.67,"end":8296.71},{"text":"clear","start":8296.71,"end":8296.91},{"text":"mandate","start":8296.91,"end":8297.43},{"text":"to","start":8297.43,"end":8297.51},{"text":"address","start":8297.51,"end":8297.79},{"text":"lifelong","start":8297.79,"end":8298.15},{"text":"education.","start":8298.15,"end":8298.83}]},{"text":"Moreover, nature of this right, its normative content and its modalities of implementation are still contested and remain subject to normative clarification.","start":8299.07,"end":8308.03,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."},{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":8299.07,"end":8299.59},{"text":"nature","start":8299.87,"end":8300.31},{"text":"of","start":8300.31,"end":8300.39},{"text":"this","start":8300.39,"end":8300.59},{"text":"right,","start":8300.59,"end":8300.91},{"text":"its","start":8301.31,"end":8301.47},{"text":"normative","start":8301.47,"end":8301.91},{"text":"content","start":8301.91,"end":8302.39},{"text":"and","start":8302.43,"end":8302.63},{"text":"its","start":8302.63,"end":8302.75},{"text":"modalities","start":8302.75,"end":8303.23},{"text":"of","start":8303.23,"end":8303.31},{"text":"implementation","start":8303.31,"end":8304.27},{"text":"are","start":8304.27,"end":8304.35},{"text":"still","start":8304.35,"end":8304.59},{"text":"contested","start":8304.59,"end":8305.31},{"text":"and","start":8305.31,"end":8305.47},{"text":"remain","start":8305.47,"end":8305.79},{"text":"subject","start":8305.79,"end":8306.31},{"text":"to","start":8306.31,"end":8306.39},{"text":"normative","start":8306.43,"end":8307.15},{"text":"clarification.","start":8307.15,"end":8308.03}]},{"text":"There are in fact many educational policy scholars who oppose the notion of a right to lifelong education in its current comprehension as they argue that its overall framing at the moment is neoliberal conceiving of the individual as essentially a **** economicus who should enjoy lifelong education primarily in order to keep on contributing to the economy rather than as someone entitled to education for broader purposes.","start":8308.67,"end":8330.11,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":8308.67,"end":8308.91},{"text":"are","start":8308.91,"end":8309.07},{"text":"in","start":8309.07,"end":8309.23},{"text":"fact","start":8309.23,"end":8309.47},{"text":"many","start":8309.47,"end":8309.79},{"text":"educational","start":8309.79,"end":8310.35},{"text":"policy","start":8310.35,"end":8310.83},{"text":"scholars","start":8310.83,"end":8311.23},{"text":"who","start":8311.23,"end":8311.31},{"text":"oppose","start":8311.31,"end":8311.71},{"text":"the","start":8311.71,"end":8311.79},{"text":"notion","start":8311.79,"end":8312.19},{"text":"of","start":8312.19,"end":8312.27},{"text":"a","start":8312.27,"end":8312.31},{"text":"right","start":8312.31,"end":8312.63},{"text":"to","start":8312.63,"end":8312.71},{"text":"lifelong","start":8312.71,"end":8313.07},{"text":"education","start":8313.07,"end":8313.59},{"text":"in","start":8313.59,"end":8313.71},{"text":"its","start":8313.71,"end":8313.87},{"text":"current","start":8313.87,"end":8314.23},{"text":"comprehension","start":8314.23,"end":8315.07},{"text":"as","start":8315.47,"end":8315.59},{"text":"they","start":8315.59,"end":8315.71},{"text":"argue","start":8315.79,"end":8316.27},{"text":"that","start":8316.27,"end":8316.51},{"text":"its","start":8316.51,"end":8316.67},{"text":"overall","start":8316.67,"end":8317.07},{"text":"framing","start":8317.07,"end":8317.47},{"text":"at","start":8317.47,"end":8317.55},{"text":"the","start":8317.55,"end":8317.63},{"text":"moment","start":8317.63,"end":8318.07},{"text":"is","start":8318.07,"end":8318.19},{"text":"neoliberal","start":8318.19,"end":8318.91},{"text":"conceiving","start":8319.15,"end":8319.63},{"text":"of","start":8319.63,"end":8319.75},{"text":"the","start":8319.75,"end":8319.83},{"text":"individual","start":8319.83,"end":8320.35},{"text":"as","start":8320.35,"end":8320.43},{"text":"essentially","start":8320.43,"end":8321.03},{"text":"a","start":8321.03,"end":8321.07},{"text":"****","start":8321.15,"end":8321.43},{"text":"economicus","start":8321.47,"end":8322.15},{"text":"who","start":8322.15,"end":8322.27},{"text":"should","start":8322.27,"end":8322.47},{"text":"enjoy","start":8322.47,"end":8322.75},{"text":"lifelong","start":8322.75,"end":8323.19},{"text":"education","start":8323.19,"end":8323.67},{"text":"primarily","start":8323.67,"end":8324.15},{"text":"in","start":8324.15,"end":8324.27},{"text":"order","start":8324.27,"end":8324.51},{"text":"to","start":8324.51,"end":8324.63},{"text":"keep","start":8324.63,"end":8324.83},{"text":"on","start":8324.83,"end":8324.99},{"text":"contributing","start":8324.99,"end":8325.63},{"text":"to","start":8325.63,"end":8325.79},{"text":"the","start":8325.79,"end":8325.91},{"text":"economy","start":8325.91,"end":8326.43},{"text":"rather","start":8326.63,"end":8326.91},{"text":"than","start":8326.91,"end":8327.07},{"text":"as","start":8327.07,"end":8327.15},{"text":"someone","start":8327.15,"end":8327.63},{"text":"entitled","start":8327.87,"end":8328.39},{"text":"to","start":8328.39,"end":8328.47},{"text":"education","start":8328.47,"end":8328.99},{"text":"for","start":8328.99,"end":8329.11},{"text":"broader","start":8329.11,"end":8329.39},{"text":"purposes.","start":8329.39,"end":8330.11}]},{"text":"An optional protocol should not preempt the outcome of these longer term clarification processes.","start":8330.47,"end":8334.63,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"An","start":8330.47,"end":8330.63},{"text":"optional","start":8330.63,"end":8330.91},{"text":"protocol","start":8330.91,"end":8331.35},{"text":"should","start":8331.35,"end":8331.55},{"text":"not","start":8331.55,"end":8331.75},{"text":"preempt","start":8331.75,"end":8332.11},{"text":"the","start":8332.11,"end":8332.19},{"text":"outcome","start":8332.19,"end":8332.55},{"text":"of","start":8332.55,"end":8332.63},{"text":"these","start":8332.63,"end":8332.87},{"text":"longer","start":8332.87,"end":8333.19},{"text":"term","start":8333.19,"end":8333.35},{"text":"clarification","start":8333.35,"end":8334.07},{"text":"processes.","start":8334.07,"end":8334.63}]},{"text":"Various countries may accordingly prefer lifelong education not being regulated at the moment.","start":8334.87,"end":8339.03,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."},{"key":"national-contexts","label":"National Contexts and Flexible Implementation","description":"Many delegations underlined that any future standard must be workable across different legal systems, education models, capacities, and development levels. The discussion often drew a distinction between having a common minimum right for all children and allowing states flexibility in how they implement that right."}],"words":[{"text":"Various","start":8334.87,"end":8335.19},{"text":"countries","start":8335.19,"end":8335.59},{"text":"may","start":8335.59,"end":8335.71},{"text":"accordingly","start":8335.71,"end":8336.15},{"text":"prefer","start":8336.15,"end":8336.47},{"text":"lifelong","start":8336.47,"end":8336.87},{"text":"education","start":8336.87,"end":8337.55},{"text":"not","start":8337.55,"end":8337.75},{"text":"being","start":8337.75,"end":8337.91},{"text":"regulated","start":8337.91,"end":8338.47},{"text":"at","start":8338.47,"end":8338.55},{"text":"the","start":8338.55,"end":8338.67},{"text":"moment.","start":8338.67,"end":8339.03}]},{"text":"The optional protocol could contain a reference to that in the preamble.","start":8339.35,"end":8342.87,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8339.35,"end":8339.51},{"text":"optional","start":8339.51,"end":8339.79},{"text":"protocol","start":8339.79,"end":8340.23},{"text":"could","start":8340.23,"end":8340.43},{"text":"contain","start":8340.43,"end":8340.79},{"text":"a","start":8340.79,"end":8340.83},{"text":"reference","start":8340.83,"end":8341.27},{"text":"to","start":8341.27,"end":8341.43},{"text":"that","start":8341.59,"end":8341.91},{"text":"in","start":8341.99,"end":8342.23},{"text":"the","start":8342.23,"end":8342.31},{"text":"preamble.","start":8342.31,"end":8342.87}]},{"text":"Should an optional protocol not provide clear definitions of ECCCE?","start":8344.47,"end":8349.03,"topics":[{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. 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Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"Should","start":8344.47,"end":8344.63},{"text":"an","start":8344.63,"end":8344.71},{"text":"optional","start":8344.71,"end":8344.99},{"text":"protocol","start":8344.99,"end":8345.35},{"text":"not","start":8345.35,"end":8345.47},{"text":"provide","start":8345.47,"end":8345.79},{"text":"clear","start":8345.79,"end":8346.07},{"text":"definitions","start":8346.07,"end":8346.87},{"text":"of","start":8347.15,"end":8347.27},{"text":"ECCCE?","start":8347.35,"end":8349.03}]},{"text":"Various definitions of the term ECCCE exist.","start":8350.79,"end":8354.23,"topics":[{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."}],"words":[{"text":"Various","start":8350.79,"end":8351.19},{"text":"definitions","start":8351.19,"end":8352.07},{"text":"of","start":8352.23,"end":8352.47},{"text":"the","start":8352.47,"end":8352.55},{"text":"term","start":8352.55,"end":8352.87},{"text":"ECCCE","start":8352.87,"end":8353.63},{"text":"exist.","start":8353.63,"end":8354.23}]},{"text":"Should there not be a definition of the care element?","start":8355.03,"end":8357.03,"topics":[{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."},{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"Should","start":8355.03,"end":8355.23},{"text":"there","start":8355.23,"end":8355.35},{"text":"not","start":8355.35,"end":8355.51},{"text":"be","start":8355.51,"end":8355.63},{"text":"a","start":8355.63,"end":8355.67},{"text":"definition","start":8355.67,"end":8356.15},{"text":"of","start":8356.15,"end":8356.23},{"text":"the","start":8356.23,"end":8356.35},{"text":"care","start":8356.35,"end":8356.59},{"text":"element?","start":8356.59,"end":8357.03}]},{"text":"According to UNESCO's Tashkent Declaration and Commitments to Action for Transforming Early Childhood Care and Education of 2022, ECCE covers the period up to age eight in a child's life.","start":8357.63,"end":8368.51,"topics":[{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. 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This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8369.71,"end":8369.79},{"text":"term","start":8369.79,"end":8370.03},{"text":"early","start":8370.07,"end":8370.27},{"text":"childhood","start":8370.27,"end":8370.83},{"text":"education","start":8370.91,"end":8371.35},{"text":"and","start":8371.35,"end":8371.47},{"text":"care","start":8371.47,"end":8371.75},{"text":"is","start":8371.75,"end":8372.03},{"text":"broader","start":8372.03,"end":8372.35},{"text":"than","start":8372.35,"end":8372.51},{"text":"early","start":8372.51,"end":8372.75},{"text":"childhood","start":8372.75,"end":8373.11},{"text":"education,","start":8373.11,"end":8373.79},{"text":"as","start":8374.35,"end":8374.51},{"text":"it","start":8374.51,"end":8374.63},{"text":"recognizes","start":8374.63,"end":8375.23},{"text":"the","start":8375.23,"end":8375.31},{"text":"holistic","start":8375.31,"end":8375.71},{"text":"nature","start":8375.71,"end":8376.03},{"text":"of","start":8376.03,"end":8376.11},{"text":"child","start":8376.11,"end":8376.39},{"text":"development,","start":8376.39,"end":8376.99},{"text":"encompassing","start":8377.15,"end":8377.67},{"text":"not","start":8377.67,"end":8377.87},{"text":"only","start":8377.87,"end":8378.03},{"text":"foundational","start":8378.03,"end":8378.63},{"text":"learning,","start":8378.63,"end":8378.99},{"text":"but","start":8379.23,"end":8379.39},{"text":"also","start":8379.39,"end":8379.67},{"text":"responsive","start":8379.67,"end":8380.27},{"text":"care,","start":8380.27,"end":8380.43},{"text":"nutrition,","start":8380.43,"end":8380.99},{"text":"health,","start":8381.39,"end":8381.63},{"text":"safety,","start":8381.63,"end":8381.99},{"text":"protection","start":8381.99,"end":8382.59},{"text":"play.","start":8382.59,"end":8382.91}]},{"text":"Hence, ECCE covers aspects that are also part of other children's rights.","start":8383.07,"end":8388.27,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"Hence,","start":8383.07,"end":8383.55},{"text":"ECCE","start":8383.71,"end":8384.03},{"text":"covers","start":8384.19,"end":8384.59},{"text":"aspects","start":8384.59,"end":8385.07},{"text":"that","start":8385.07,"end":8385.31},{"text":"are","start":8385.39,"end":8385.71},{"text":"also","start":8385.87,"end":8386.43},{"text":"part","start":8386.67,"end":8386.99},{"text":"of","start":8387.19,"end":8387.39},{"text":"other","start":8387.39,"end":8387.59},{"text":"children's","start":8387.59,"end":8388.03},{"text":"rights.","start":8388.03,"end":8388.27}]},{"text":"Yet, it cannot be denied that care is a precondition for any education to take place and might perhaps for that reason be protected as part of the right to education in an optional protocol.","start":8388.91,"end":8399.55,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. 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This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":8400.35,"end":8400.67},{"text":"has","start":8400.67,"end":8400.91},{"text":"been","start":8400.91,"end":8401.07},{"text":"stated","start":8401.07,"end":8401.47},{"text":"by","start":8401.47,"end":8401.63},{"text":"Marope","start":8401.63,"end":8402.03},{"text":"and","start":8402.03,"end":8402.19},{"text":"Khaga,","start":8402.19,"end":8402.67},{"text":"poor","start":8402.99,"end":8403.31},{"text":"care,","start":8403.31,"end":8403.71},{"text":"health,","start":8403.71,"end":8403.99},{"text":"nutrition,","start":8404.03,"end":8404.67},{"text":"and","start":8404.71,"end":8404.91},{"text":"physical","start":8404.91,"end":8405.27},{"text":"and","start":8405.27,"end":8405.39},{"text":"emotional","start":8405.39,"end":8405.87},{"text":"security","start":8405.87,"end":8406.35},{"text":"can","start":8406.35,"end":8406.55},{"text":"affect","start":8406.55,"end":8406.91},{"text":"educational","start":8406.91,"end":8407.55},{"text":"potentials","start":8407.55,"end":8408.19},{"text":"in","start":8408.43,"end":8408.51},{"text":"the","start":8408.51,"end":8408.59},{"text":"form","start":8408.59,"end":8408.83},{"text":"of","start":8408.83,"end":8408.91},{"text":"mental","start":8408.91,"end":8409.23},{"text":"retardation,","start":8409.23,"end":8410.03},{"text":"impaired","start":8410.27,"end":8410.67},{"text":"cognitive","start":8410.67,"end":8411.11},{"text":"and","start":8411.11,"end":8411.31},{"text":"behavioral","start":8411.63,"end":8412.15},{"text":"capacities,","start":8412.15,"end":8412.83},{"text":"motor","start":8413.23,"end":8413.67},{"text":"development","start":8413.67,"end":8414.23},{"text":"delay,","start":8414.23,"end":8414.51},{"text":"depression,","start":8414.51,"end":8415.15},{"text":"difficulties","start":8415.31,"end":8415.87},{"text":"with","start":8415.87,"end":8416.03},{"text":"concentration","start":8416.03,"end":8416.83},{"text":"and","start":8416.83,"end":8417.39},{"text":"attention.","start":8417.39,"end":8418.03}]},{"text":"Now, the purpose of an OPR protocol would be to lay down minimum core obligations.","start":8419.23,"end":8422.87,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"Now,","start":8419.23,"end":8419.31},{"text":"the","start":8419.31,"end":8419.39},{"text":"purpose","start":8419.39,"end":8419.63},{"text":"of","start":8419.63,"end":8419.71},{"text":"an","start":8419.71,"end":8419.79},{"text":"OPR","start":8419.79,"end":8420.27},{"text":"protocol","start":8420.27,"end":8420.75},{"text":"would","start":8420.75,"end":8420.91},{"text":"be","start":8420.91,"end":8421.07},{"text":"to","start":8421.07,"end":8421.19},{"text":"lay","start":8421.19,"end":8421.31},{"text":"down","start":8421.31,"end":8421.51},{"text":"minimum","start":8421.51,"end":8421.87},{"text":"core","start":8421.87,"end":8422.15},{"text":"obligations.","start":8422.15,"end":8422.87}]},{"text":"Naturally, these should be sufficiently precise.","start":8422.87,"end":8425.31,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"Naturally,","start":8422.87,"end":8423.39},{"text":"these","start":8423.39,"end":8423.63},{"text":"should","start":8423.63,"end":8423.87},{"text":"be","start":8423.91,"end":8424.03},{"text":"sufficiently","start":8424.03,"end":8424.63},{"text":"precise.","start":8424.63,"end":8425.31}]},{"text":"General comment could provide interpretive guidance as to the exact meaning of ECCE.","start":8425.79,"end":8429.87,"topics":[{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. 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Speakers argued that children should not only be consulted symbolically, but should continue to influence the process because the outcomes will directly affect their lives."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":8700.51,"end":8700.63},{"text":"witness","start":8700.63,"end":8700.91},{"text":"this","start":8700.91,"end":8701.15},{"text":"august","start":8701.15,"end":8701.55},{"text":"body","start":8701.55,"end":8701.95},{"text":"prioritize","start":8701.95,"end":8702.75},{"text":"children's","start":8702.75,"end":8703.19},{"text":"voices","start":8703.19,"end":8703.79},{"text":"and","start":8703.87,"end":8704.03},{"text":"concerns","start":8704.03,"end":8704.67},{"text":"has","start":8704.67,"end":8704.99},{"text":"been","start":8704.99,"end":8705.23},{"text":"a","start":8705.23,"end":8705.27},{"text":"tremendous","start":8705.27,"end":8705.87},{"text":"experience,","start":8705.87,"end":8706.75},{"text":"which","start":8707.19,"end":8707.43},{"text":"gives","start":8707.43,"end":8707.67},{"text":"me","start":8707.67,"end":8708.03},{"text":"genuine","start":8708.11,"end":8708.51},{"text":"hope.","start":8708.51,"end":8708.91}]},{"text":"At this juncture, let me use this opportunity and emphasize that Georgia's ongoing education reform goes beyond ensuring access.","start":8709.95,"end":8718.19,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. 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This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8843.99,"end":8844.15},{"text":"believe","start":8844.15,"end":8844.47},{"text":"that","start":8844.47,"end":8844.59},{"text":"the","start":8844.59,"end":8844.71},{"text":"value","start":8844.71,"end":8845.03},{"text":"of","start":8845.03,"end":8845.19},{"text":"any","start":8845.19,"end":8845.39},{"text":"normative","start":8845.39,"end":8845.91},{"text":"development","start":8845.91,"end":8846.39},{"text":"should","start":8846.39,"end":8846.51},{"text":"be","start":8846.51,"end":8846.63},{"text":"measured","start":8846.63,"end":8846.95},{"text":"by","start":8846.95,"end":8847.11},{"text":"its","start":8847.11,"end":8847.27},{"text":"ability","start":8847.27,"end":8847.75},{"text":"to","start":8847.75,"end":8847.87},{"text":"strengthen","start":8847.87,"end":8848.47},{"text":"the","start":8848.47,"end":8848.59},{"text":"effective","start":8848.59,"end":8849.15},{"text":"enjoyment","start":8849.15,"end":8849.67},{"text":"of","start":8849.67,"end":8849.79},{"text":"the","start":8849.79,"end":8849.87},{"text":"right","start":8849.87,"end":8850.19},{"text":"to","start":8850.19,"end":8850.31},{"text":"education","start":8850.39,"end":8851.07},{"text":"in","start":8851.07,"end":8851.19},{"text":"practice.","start":8851.19,"end":8851.83}]},{"text":"Secondary education in state educational institutions in Armenia is free of charge and 12 year general secondary or an equivalent vocational education is compulsory under national law.","start":8852.39,"end":8862.99,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. 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The discussion often drew a distinction between having a common minimum right for all children and allowing states flexibility in how they implement that right."}],"words":[{"text":"Secondary","start":8852.39,"end":8852.87},{"text":"education","start":8852.87,"end":8853.43},{"text":"in","start":8853.43,"end":8853.63},{"text":"state","start":8853.63,"end":8853.95},{"text":"educational","start":8853.95,"end":8854.47},{"text":"institutions","start":8854.47,"end":8855.03},{"text":"in","start":8855.03,"end":8855.19},{"text":"Armenia","start":8855.19,"end":8855.67},{"text":"is","start":8855.67,"end":8855.91},{"text":"free","start":8855.91,"end":8856.19},{"text":"of","start":8856.19,"end":8856.31},{"text":"charge","start":8856.31,"end":8856.87},{"text":"and","start":8856.87,"end":8857.07},{"text":"12","start":8857.07,"end":8857.43},{"text":"year","start":8857.43,"end":8857.59},{"text":"general","start":8857.59,"end":8858.07},{"text":"secondary","start":8858.15,"end":8858.79},{"text":"or","start":8858.79,"end":8859.11},{"text":"an","start":8859.23,"end":8859.43},{"text":"equivalent","start":8859.43,"end":8860.07},{"text":"vocational","start":8860.07,"end":8860.59},{"text":"education","start":8860.59,"end":8861.19},{"text":"is","start":8861.19,"end":8861.35},{"text":"compulsory","start":8861.35,"end":8861.99},{"text":"under","start":8861.99,"end":8862.31},{"text":"national","start":8862.31,"end":8862.91},{"text":"law.","start":8862.91,"end":8862.99}]},{"text":"At the same time, we're progressively expanding access to the pre-primary education with the objective of ensuring access for at least 95% of children aged three to five and at least one year of preschool participation for every child entering school.","start":8863.63,"end":8877.91,"topics":[{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. 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thank you.","start":8961.51,"end":8961.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8961.51,"end":8961.59},{"text":"thank","start":8961.59,"end":8961.91},{"text":"you.","start":8961.91,"end":8961.99}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"ARM","affiliation_full":"Armenia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":30,"start":8964.07,"pageUrl":"/ru/asset/k1a/k1axh6e8yq?lang=en&t=8965","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished delegation from Armenia.","start":8964.07,"end":8966.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8964.07,"end":8964.15},{"text":"thank","start":8964.15,"end":8964.31},{"text":"the","start":8964.31,"end":8964.39},{"text":"distinguished","start":8964.39,"end":8964.83},{"text":"delegation","start":8964.83,"end":8965.27},{"text":"from","start":8965.27,"end":8965.59},{"text":"Armenia.","start":8966.47,"end":8966.91}]},{"text":"And I'll give the floor to Egypt to be followed by Austria.","start":8966.91,"end":8970.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":8966.91,"end":8967.03},{"text":"I'll","start":8967.75,"end":8967.99},{"text":"give","start":8967.99,"end":8968.19},{"text":"the","start":8968.19,"end":8968.31},{"text":"floor","start":8968.31,"end":8968.67},{"text":"to","start":8968.71,"end":8968.91},{"text":"Egypt","start":8968.95,"end":8969.43},{"text":"to","start":8969.59,"end":8969.71},{"text":"be","start":8969.75,"end":8969.83},{"text":"followed","start":8969.83,"end":8970.23},{"text":"by","start":8970.23,"end":8970.35},{"text":"Austria.","start":8970.39,"end":8970.87}]},{"text":"Egypt, you have the floor, please.","start":8971.59,"end":8972.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Egypt,","start":8971.59,"end":8971.87},{"text":"you","start":8971.87,"end":8971.95},{"text":"have","start":8971.95,"end":8972.07},{"text":"the","start":8972.07,"end":8972.15},{"text":"floor,","start":8972.15,"end":8972.31},{"text":"please.","start":8972.31,"end":8972.79}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Samuel Safa","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair-Rapporteur"}},{"statement_number":31,"start":8975.19,"pageUrl":"/ru/asset/k1a/k1axh6e8yq?lang=en&t=8976","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair Rapporteur.","start":8975.19,"end":8976.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8975.19,"end":8975.51},{"text":"you,","start":8975.51,"end":8975.59},{"text":"Mr.","start":8975.59,"end":8975.91},{"text":"Chair","start":8975.91,"end":8976.11},{"text":"Rapporteur.","start":8976.11,"end":8976.63}]},{"text":"My delegation thanks Your Excellency for guiding the work of the working group during the last two days.","start":8976.63,"end":8981.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":8976.63,"end":8976.87},{"text":"delegation","start":8976.87,"end":8977.35},{"text":"thanks","start":8977.35,"end":8977.67},{"text":"Your","start":8977.67,"end":8977.87},{"text":"Excellency","start":8977.87,"end":8978.35},{"text":"for","start":8978.35,"end":8978.55},{"text":"guiding","start":8978.55,"end":8978.87},{"text":"the","start":8978.87,"end":8979.03},{"text":"work","start":8979.03,"end":8979.27},{"text":"of","start":8979.27,"end":8979.47},{"text":"the","start":8979.47,"end":8979.59},{"text":"working","start":8979.59,"end":8979.91},{"text":"group","start":8979.91,"end":8980.15},{"text":"during","start":8980.15,"end":8980.43},{"text":"the","start":8980.47,"end":8980.55},{"text":"last","start":8980.55,"end":8980.83},{"text":"two","start":8980.83,"end":8980.99},{"text":"days.","start":8980.99,"end":8981.51}]},{"text":"Following the guidance provided by the Secretariat, Egypt would like to use this session to present its comments on the draft recommendation circulated yesterday.","start":8982.51,"end":8991.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Following","start":8982.51,"end":8982.99},{"text":"the","start":8982.99,"end":8983.07},{"text":"guidance","start":8983.07,"end":8983.55},{"text":"provided","start":8983.55,"end":8984.07},{"text":"by","start":8984.07,"end":8984.27},{"text":"the","start":8984.27,"end":8984.35},{"text":"Secretariat,","start":8984.35,"end":8985.15},{"text":"Egypt","start":8985.23,"end":8985.55},{"text":"would","start":8985.55,"end":8985.67},{"text":"like","start":8985.67,"end":8986.03},{"text":"to","start":8986.03,"end":8986.15},{"text":"use","start":8986.15,"end":8986.35},{"text":"this","start":8986.35,"end":8986.63},{"text":"session","start":8986.63,"end":8987.07},{"text":"to","start":8987.07,"end":8987.15},{"text":"present","start":8987.15,"end":8987.63},{"text":"its","start":8987.63,"end":8987.87},{"text":"comments","start":8987.87,"end":8988.35},{"text":"on","start":8988.35,"end":8988.51},{"text":"the","start":8988.51,"end":8988.67},{"text":"draft","start":8988.67,"end":8988.99},{"text":"recommendation","start":8988.99,"end":8989.71},{"text":"circulated","start":8989.71,"end":8990.43},{"text":"yesterday.","start":8990.47,"end":8991.03}]},{"text":"Egypt welcomes the balanced approach reflected in the draft recommendation, particularly the recognition of the diversity of views expressed during the two sessions and their emphasis on continuing the consideration of the mandate without prejudging its outcome.","start":8992.99,"end":9008.51,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"Egypt","start":8992.99,"end":8993.31},{"text":"welcomes","start":8993.31,"end":8993.75},{"text":"the","start":8993.75,"end":8993.87},{"text":"balanced","start":8993.87,"end":8994.27},{"text":"approach","start":8994.27,"end":8994.75},{"text":"reflected","start":8994.75,"end":8995.23},{"text":"in","start":8995.23,"end":8995.39},{"text":"the","start":8995.39,"end":8995.55},{"text":"draft","start":8995.55,"end":8995.83},{"text":"recommendation,","start":8995.83,"end":8996.55},{"text":"particularly","start":8996.79,"end":8997.47},{"text":"the","start":8997.47,"end":8997.63},{"text":"recognition","start":8997.63,"end":8998.43},{"text":"of","start":8998.43,"end":8998.67},{"text":"the","start":8998.67,"end":8998.79},{"text":"diversity","start":8998.79,"end":8999.39},{"text":"of","start":8999.43,"end":8999.59},{"text":"views","start":8999.59,"end":9000.03},{"text":"expressed","start":9000.19,"end":9000.83},{"text":"during","start":9000.83,"end":9001.19},{"text":"the","start":9001.19,"end":9001.27},{"text":"two","start":9001.27,"end":9001.55},{"text":"sessions","start":9001.55,"end":9002.11},{"text":"and","start":9002.51,"end":9002.83},{"text":"their","start":9002.83,"end":9003.07},{"text":"emphasis","start":9003.07,"end":9003.63},{"text":"on","start":9003.63,"end":9003.87},{"text":"continuing","start":9003.87,"end":9004.59},{"text":"the","start":9004.59,"end":9004.79},{"text":"consideration","start":9004.79,"end":9005.51},{"text":"of","start":9005.51,"end":9005.63},{"text":"the","start":9005.63,"end":9005.79},{"text":"mandate","start":9005.79,"end":9006.19},{"text":"without","start":9006.19,"end":9006.75},{"text":"prejudging","start":9007.03,"end":9007.75},{"text":"its","start":9007.79,"end":9008.03},{"text":"outcome.","start":9008.11,"end":9008.51}]},{"text":"Regarding recommendation A, Egypt supports its explicit reference to further exploring the possibility of an optional protocol.","start":9009.39,"end":9018.95,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. 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Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."},{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. 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Speakers argued that children should not only be consulted symbolically, but should continue to influence the process because the outcomes will directly affect their lives."}],"words":[{"text":"Regarding","start":9074.47,"end":9075.11},{"text":"recommendation","start":9075.11,"end":9075.75},{"text":"c,","start":9075.75,"end":9076.07},{"text":"Egypt","start":9076.47,"end":9076.79},{"text":"suggests","start":9076.79,"end":9077.27},{"text":"replacing","start":9077.27,"end":9077.75},{"text":"the","start":9077.75,"end":9077.87},{"text":"reference","start":9077.87,"end":9078.27},{"text":"to","start":9078.27,"end":9078.47},{"text":"participation","start":9078.47,"end":9079.43},{"text":"through","start":9080.19,"end":9080.35},{"text":"the","start":9080.47,"end":9080.63},{"text":"drafting","start":9080.63,"end":9081.11},{"text":"process","start":9081.11,"end":9081.67},{"text":"with","start":9081.67,"end":9082.23},{"text":"through","start":9082.23,"end":9082.47},{"text":"the","start":9082.47,"end":9082.63},{"text":"work","start":9082.63,"end":9083.03},{"text":"of","start":9083.03,"end":9083.19},{"text":"the","start":9083.19,"end":9083.35},{"text":"working","start":9083.35,"end":9083.71},{"text":"group.","start":9083.71,"end":9084.07}]},{"text":"The current formulation appears to presume that the drafting phase has already begun.","start":9084.47,"end":9090.87,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. 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you, Mr. President.","start":9235.07,"end":9236.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9235.07,"end":9235.27},{"text":"you,","start":9235.27,"end":9235.35},{"text":"Mr.","start":9235.35,"end":9235.59},{"text":"President.","start":9235.59,"end":9236.11}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"SAU","affiliation_full":"Saudi Arabia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":36,"start":9236.51,"pageUrl":"/ru/asset/k1a/k1axh6e8yq?lang=en&t=9237","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"The distinguished representative of Saudi Arabia.","start":9236.51,"end":9238.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9236.51,"end":9236.59},{"text":"distinguished","start":9236.59,"end":9237.15},{"text":"representative","start":9237.15,"end":9237.67},{"text":"of","start":9237.67,"end":9237.75},{"text":"Saudi","start":9237.75,"end":9238.19},{"text":"Arabia.","start":9238.31,"end":9238.55}]},{"text":"I'll now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Dominican Republic to be followed by the UAE.","start":9238.55,"end":9244.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'll","start":9238.55,"end":9238.75},{"text":"now","start":9238.75,"end":9238.99},{"text":"give","start":9238.99,"end":9239.15},{"text":"the","start":9239.15,"end":9239.27},{"text":"floor","start":9239.27,"end":9239.55},{"text":"to","start":9239.55,"end":9239.67},{"text":"the","start":9239.71,"end":9239.79},{"text":"distinguished","start":9240.03,"end":9240.55},{"text":"representative","start":9240.55,"end":9241.11},{"text":"of","start":9241.11,"end":9241.19},{"text":"Dominican","start":9241.19,"end":9241.67},{"text":"Republic","start":9241.67,"end":9242.27},{"text":"to","start":9242.79,"end":9242.87},{"text":"be","start":9242.91,"end":9242.99},{"text":"followed","start":9242.99,"end":9243.43},{"text":"by","start":9243.43,"end":9243.63},{"text":"the","start":9243.63,"end":9243.71},{"text":"UAE.","start":9243.71,"end":9244.27}]},{"text":"The Dominican Republic, 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This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9396.19,"end":9396.39},{"text":"also","start":9396.39,"end":9396.63},{"text":"understand","start":9396.63,"end":9397.03},{"text":"the","start":9397.03,"end":9397.11},{"text":"concerns","start":9397.11,"end":9397.55},{"text":"regarding","start":9397.55,"end":9398.03},{"text":"the","start":9398.03,"end":9398.15},{"text":"capacity","start":9398.15,"end":9398.79},{"text":"of","start":9398.79,"end":9398.87},{"text":"states","start":9398.87,"end":9399.39},{"text":"to","start":9399.39,"end":9399.63},{"text":"ensure","start":9399.63,"end":9400.35},{"text":"free","start":9400.83,"end":9401.31},{"text":"education","start":9401.31,"end":9402.07},{"text":"at","start":9402.07,"end":9402.19},{"text":"all","start":9402.19,"end":9402.39},{"text":"levels.","start":9402.39,"end":9402.99}]},{"text":"As this is an optional protocol, this will not affect the binding nature of the commitments taken on vis-a-vis the convention.","start":9403.63,"end":9414.51,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. 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The discussion often drew a distinction between having a common minimum right for all children and allowing states flexibility in how they implement that right."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9417.95,"end":9418.19},{"text":"should","start":9418.19,"end":9418.43},{"text":"not","start":9418.43,"end":9418.67},{"text":"prevent","start":9418.67,"end":9419.07},{"text":"us","start":9419.07,"end":9419.27},{"text":"from","start":9419.27,"end":9419.43},{"text":"establishing","start":9419.43,"end":9420.23},{"text":"a","start":9420.23,"end":9420.27},{"text":"clear","start":9420.27,"end":9420.67},{"text":"normative","start":9420.67,"end":9421.47},{"text":"objective","start":9421.63,"end":9422.27},{"text":"with","start":9422.59,"end":9422.83},{"text":"international","start":9422.83,"end":9423.55},{"text":"cooperation","start":9423.55,"end":9424.35},{"text":"and","start":9424.35,"end":9424.47},{"text":"support","start":9424.47,"end":9425.07},{"text":"and","start":9425.07,"end":9425.31},{"text":"mechanisms","start":9425.31,"end":9426.03},{"text":"that","start":9426.03,"end":9426.19},{"text":"allow","start":9426.19,"end":9426.51},{"text":"for","start":9426.51,"end":9426.75},{"text":"progressive","start":9426.75,"end":9427.39},{"text":"implementation","start":9427.39,"end":9428.35},{"text":"that","start":9428.35,"end":9428.51},{"text":"is","start":9428.51,"end":9428.67},{"text":"also","start":9428.67,"end":9429.07},{"text":"sustainable.","start":9429.07,"end":9430.11}]},{"text":"For this reason, the Dominican Republic supports the recommendations from the Chair.","start":9430.71,"end":9434.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":9430.71,"end":9430.79},{"text":"this","start":9430.79,"end":9430.99},{"text":"reason,","start":9430.99,"end":9431.31},{"text":"the","start":9431.31,"end":9431.39},{"text":"Dominican","start":9431.39,"end":9431.79},{"text":"Republic","start":9431.79,"end":9432.15},{"text":"supports","start":9432.15,"end":9432.55},{"text":"the","start":9432.55,"end":9432.63},{"text":"recommendations","start":9432.63,"end":9433.55},{"text":"from","start":9433.55,"end":9433.71},{"text":"the","start":9433.71,"end":9433.79},{"text":"Chair.","start":9433.79,"end":9434.19}]},{"text":"We believe that we can move forward in a prudent and constructive manner toward the drafting of a text.","start":9434.59,"end":9440.99,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. 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Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9441.39,"end":9441.63},{"text":"would","start":9441.63,"end":9441.75},{"text":"allow","start":9441.75,"end":9442.03},{"text":"for","start":9442.03,"end":9442.27},{"text":"this","start":9442.27,"end":9442.67},{"text":"dialogue","start":9442.67,"end":9443.11},{"text":"to","start":9443.11,"end":9443.23},{"text":"continue","start":9443.23,"end":9443.67},{"text":"with","start":9443.67,"end":9443.79},{"text":"greater","start":9443.79,"end":9444.19},{"text":"clarity","start":9444.19,"end":9444.75},{"text":"and","start":9445.07,"end":9445.23},{"text":"precision.","start":9445.23,"end":9445.95}]},{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":9446.27,"end":9447.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9446.27,"end":9446.55},{"text":"you","start":9446.55,"end":9446.63},{"text":"very","start":9446.63,"end":9446.83},{"text":"much.","start":9446.83,"end":9447.23}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"DOM","affiliation_full":"Dominican Republic","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":38,"start":9448.35,"pageUrl":"/ru/asset/k1a/k1axh6e8yq?lang=en&t=9449","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the Dominican Republic, and I now give the floor to the representative of the UAE, to be followed by Brazil.","start":9448.35,"end":9457.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9448.35,"end":9448.43},{"text":"thank","start":9448.43,"end":9448.67},{"text":"the","start":9448.67,"end":9448.79},{"text":"distinguished","start":9449.27,"end":9449.91},{"text":"representative","start":9450.19,"end":9450.79},{"text":"of","start":9450.79,"end":9450.87},{"text":"the","start":9450.95,"end":9451.03},{"text":"Dominican","start":9451.07,"end":9451.47},{"text":"Republic,","start":9451.47,"end":9452.11},{"text":"and","start":9452.75,"end":9452.99},{"text":"I","start":9452.99,"end":9453.03},{"text":"now","start":9453.03,"end":9453.15},{"text":"give","start":9453.15,"end":9453.31},{"text":"the","start":9453.31,"end":9453.43},{"text":"floor","start":9453.43,"end":9453.79},{"text":"to","start":9453.87,"end":9453.99},{"text":"the","start":9454.11,"end":9454.19},{"text":"representative","start":9454.19,"end":9454.83},{"text":"of","start":9454.83,"end":9454.91},{"text":"the","start":9454.91,"end":9455.03},{"text":"UAE,","start":9455.07,"end":9455.55},{"text":"to","start":9455.95,"end":9456.07},{"text":"be","start":9456.07,"end":9456.19},{"text":"followed","start":9456.19,"end":9456.67},{"text":"by","start":9457.15,"end":9457.31},{"text":"Brazil.","start":9457.31,"end":9457.87}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Samuel Safa","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair-Rapporteur"}},{"statement_number":39,"start":9463.87,"pageUrl":"/ru/asset/k1a/k1axh6e8yq?lang=en&t=9464","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. President, while we conclude this session, we would like to stress once again our meaningful participation in this working group on exploring the possibility of drafting an optional protocol on the right to education in early childhood and pre-primary and secondary education.","start":9463.87,"end":9491.63,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."},{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":9463.87,"end":9464.67},{"text":"President,","start":9465.47,"end":9466.11},{"text":"while","start":9468.31,"end":9468.63},{"text":"we","start":9468.67,"end":9468.83},{"text":"conclude","start":9468.83,"end":9469.47},{"text":"this","start":9469.47,"end":9469.91},{"text":"session,","start":9469.91,"end":9470.43},{"text":"we","start":9470.51,"end":9470.67},{"text":"would","start":9470.67,"end":9470.83},{"text":"like","start":9470.83,"end":9471.15},{"text":"to","start":9471.15,"end":9471.27},{"text":"stress","start":9471.27,"end":9471.79},{"text":"once","start":9471.79,"end":9472.19},{"text":"again","start":9472.19,"end":9472.67},{"text":"our","start":9472.91,"end":9473.15},{"text":"meaningful","start":9473.15,"end":9473.87},{"text":"participation","start":9473.87,"end":9475.07},{"text":"in","start":9475.07,"end":9475.63},{"text":"this","start":9475.87,"end":9476.27},{"text":"working","start":9476.27,"end":9476.99},{"text":"group","start":9476.99,"end":9477.31},{"text":"on","start":9479.07,"end":9479.31},{"text":"exploring","start":9479.31,"end":9480.43},{"text":"the","start":9480.43,"end":9480.55},{"text":"possibility","start":9480.55,"end":9481.47},{"text":"of","start":9481.47,"end":9481.75},{"text":"drafting","start":9481.75,"end":9482.23},{"text":"an","start":9482.23,"end":9482.35},{"text":"optional","start":9482.35,"end":9482.83},{"text":"protocol","start":9482.83,"end":9483.55},{"text":"on","start":9483.87,"end":9484.11},{"text":"the","start":9484.11,"end":9484.23},{"text":"right","start":9484.23,"end":9484.75},{"text":"to","start":9484.83,"end":9484.95},{"text":"education","start":9484.95,"end":9486.11},{"text":"in","start":9486.11,"end":9486.27},{"text":"early","start":9486.27,"end":9486.59},{"text":"childhood","start":9486.59,"end":9487.47},{"text":"and","start":9487.47,"end":9487.71},{"text":"pre-primary","start":9488.07,"end":9490.15},{"text":"and","start":9490.15,"end":9490.31},{"text":"secondary","start":9490.31,"end":9490.79},{"text":"education.","start":9490.79,"end":9491.63}]},{"text":"We have followed with great interest the constructive discussions held during this session and this has provided an important opportunity to exchange views regarding key principles.","start":9493.47,"end":9504.99,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. 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established."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9493.47,"end":9493.67},{"text":"have","start":9493.67,"end":9493.79},{"text":"followed","start":9493.79,"end":9494.35},{"text":"with","start":9494.35,"end":9494.55},{"text":"great","start":9494.59,"end":9494.99},{"text":"interest","start":9494.99,"end":9495.51},{"text":"the","start":9495.51,"end":9495.63},{"text":"constructive","start":9495.63,"end":9496.51},{"text":"discussions","start":9496.51,"end":9497.23},{"text":"held","start":9497.23,"end":9497.55},{"text":"during","start":9497.63,"end":9497.95},{"text":"this","start":9497.95,"end":9498.23},{"text":"session","start":9498.23,"end":9498.75},{"text":"and","start":9499.47,"end":9499.75},{"text":"this","start":9499.75,"end":9500.19},{"text":"has","start":9500.27,"end":9500.59},{"text":"provided","start":9500.59,"end":9501.07},{"text":"an","start":9501.07,"end":9501.15},{"text":"important","start":9501.15,"end":9501.59},{"text":"opportunity","start":9501.59,"end":9502.27},{"text":"to","start":9502.27,"end":9502.39},{"text":"exchange","start":9502.39,"end":9502.91},{"text":"views","start":9502.91,"end":9503.47},{"text":"regarding","start":9503.47,"end":9503.95},{"text":"key","start":9503.95,"end":9504.19},{"text":"principles.","start":9504.19,"end":9504.99}]},{"text":"This interest is reflected in the utmost priority we attach to education as this is a fundamental right enshrined in the Constitution and our 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is a development goal that we want every citizen and resident to enjoy.","start":9519.63,"end":9527.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9519.63,"end":9520.03},{"text":"is","start":9520.03,"end":9520.27},{"text":"a","start":9520.27,"end":9520.35},{"text":"development","start":9520.35,"end":9521.31},{"text":"goal","start":9521.47,"end":9522.11},{"text":"that","start":9523.71,"end":9524.03},{"text":"we","start":9524.03,"end":9524.27},{"text":"want","start":9524.27,"end":9524.67},{"text":"every","start":9524.67,"end":9524.91},{"text":"citizen","start":9524.91,"end":9525.47},{"text":"and","start":9525.47,"end":9525.63},{"text":"resident","start":9525.63,"end":9526.31},{"text":"to","start":9526.31,"end":9526.59},{"text":"enjoy.","start":9526.99,"end":9527.47}]},{"text":"Hence, our delegation would like to thank the President for efforts made to prepare the document on the key principles.","start":9528.83,"end":9538.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Hence,","start":9528.83,"end":9529.39},{"text":"our","start":9529.71,"end":9530.03},{"text":"delegation","start":9530.03,"end":9530.59},{"text":"would","start":9530.59,"end":9530.71},{"text":"like","start":9530.71,"end":9530.91},{"text":"to","start":9530.91,"end":9531.07},{"text":"thank","start":9531.07,"end":9531.55},{"text":"the","start":9531.55,"end":9531.79},{"text":"President","start":9532.59,"end":9533.39},{"text":"for","start":9533.55,"end":9533.87},{"text":"efforts","start":9533.87,"end":9534.59},{"text":"made","start":9534.59,"end":9535.07},{"text":"to","start":9535.07,"end":9535.63},{"text":"prepare","start":9535.71,"end":9536.43},{"text":"the","start":9536.43,"end":9536.55},{"text":"document","start":9536.55,"end":9537.15},{"text":"on","start":9537.15,"end":9537.39},{"text":"the","start":9537.39,"end":9537.51},{"text":"key","start":9537.51,"end":9537.71},{"text":"principles.","start":9537.71,"end":9538.35}]},{"text":"We stress that it is very important to take into consideration the visions of UN bodies, it is equally important to listen to the views of children in order to have a balanced and realistic text reflecting the different views.","start":9538.67,"end":9557.87,"topics":[{"key":"child-participation","label":"Children’s Participation in Decision-Making","description":"A recurring theme was the importance of meaningful participation by children in shaping any future education instrument. Speakers argued that children should not only be consulted symbolically, but should continue to influence the process because the outcomes will directly affect their lives."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9538.67,"end":9538.83},{"text":"stress","start":9538.83,"end":9539.31},{"text":"that","start":9539.39,"end":9539.63},{"text":"it","start":9539.63,"end":9539.79},{"text":"is","start":9539.95,"end":9540.35},{"text":"very","start":9540.35,"end":9540.91},{"text":"important","start":9540.99,"end":9541.67},{"text":"to","start":9541.67,"end":9541.75},{"text":"take","start":9541.75,"end":9541.87},{"text":"into","start":9541.87,"end":9542.03},{"text":"consideration","start":9542.03,"end":9542.83},{"text":"the","start":9543.07,"end":9543.31},{"text":"visions","start":9543.79,"end":9544.51},{"text":"of","start":9544.91,"end":9545.39},{"text":"UN","start":9546.11,"end":9546.91},{"text":"bodies,","start":9546.91,"end":9547.47},{"text":"it","start":9547.47,"end":9547.59},{"text":"is","start":9547.95,"end":9548.35},{"text":"equally","start":9548.43,"end":9548.79},{"text":"important","start":9548.79,"end":9549.51},{"text":"to","start":9549.51,"end":9549.63},{"text":"listen","start":9549.63,"end":9549.99},{"text":"to","start":9549.99,"end":9550.07},{"text":"the","start":9550.07,"end":9550.23},{"text":"views","start":9550.23,"end":9550.67},{"text":"of","start":9550.67,"end":9550.99},{"text":"children","start":9550.99,"end":9551.79},{"text":"in","start":9552.03,"end":9552.43},{"text":"order","start":9552.43,"end":9552.99},{"text":"to","start":9552.99,"end":9553.23},{"text":"have","start":9553.23,"end":9553.71},{"text":"a","start":9553.71,"end":9553.79},{"text":"balanced","start":9553.79,"end":9554.35},{"text":"and","start":9554.35,"end":9554.55},{"text":"realistic","start":9554.55,"end":9555.31},{"text":"text","start":9555.55,"end":9555.95},{"text":"reflecting","start":9555.95,"end":9556.51},{"text":"the","start":9556.51,"end":9556.67},{"text":"different","start":9556.67,"end":9557.23},{"text":"views.","start":9557.51,"end":9557.87}]},{"text":"In light of the discussions held during the session, we look forward to continuing this constructive dialogue regarding the pending issues.","start":9558.19,"end":9568.43,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. 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you, Mr. President.","start":9635.43,"end":9636.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9635.43,"end":9635.63},{"text":"you,","start":9635.63,"end":9635.71},{"text":"Mr.","start":9635.71,"end":9635.95},{"text":"President.","start":9635.95,"end":9636.47}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"ARE","affiliation_full":"United Arab Emirates","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":40,"start":9637.39,"pageUrl":"/ru/asset/k1a/k1axh6e8yq?lang=en&t=9638","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"And I thank the distinguished representative from the UAE.","start":9637.39,"end":9639.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9637.39,"end":9637.51},{"text":"I","start":9637.51,"end":9637.55},{"text":"thank","start":9637.55,"end":9637.79},{"text":"the","start":9637.79,"end":9637.87},{"text":"distinguished","start":9637.87,"end":9638.47},{"text":"representative","start":9638.47,"end":9638.99},{"text":"from","start":9638.99,"end":9639.19},{"text":"the","start":9639.19,"end":9639.27},{"text":"UAE.","start":9639.27,"end":9639.83}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the distinguished representative from Brazil to be followed by Qatar and Bangladesh.","start":9640.39,"end":9646.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9640.39,"end":9640.47},{"text":"now","start":9640.47,"end":9640.67},{"text":"give","start":9640.67,"end":9640.87},{"text":"the","start":9640.87,"end":9640.95},{"text":"floor","start":9640.95,"end":9641.27},{"text":"to","start":9641.27,"end":9641.39},{"text":"the","start":9641.71,"end":9641.79},{"text":"distinguished","start":9641.83,"end":9642.27},{"text":"representative","start":9642.27,"end":9642.83},{"text":"from","start":9642.83,"end":9642.99},{"text":"Brazil","start":9642.99,"end":9643.51},{"text":"to","start":9643.51,"end":9643.59},{"text":"be","start":9644.31,"end":9644.39},{"text":"followed","start":9644.39,"end":9644.71},{"text":"by","start":9644.71,"end":9644.87},{"text":"Qatar","start":9644.87,"end":9645.43},{"text":"and","start":9645.83,"end":9645.99},{"text":"Bangladesh.","start":9645.99,"end":9646.79}]},{"text":"Brazil, you have the floor, please.","start":9647.19,"end":9648.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Brazil,","start":9647.19,"end":9647.75},{"text":"you","start":9647.75,"end":9647.95},{"text":"have","start":9647.95,"end":9648.07},{"text":"the","start":9648.07,"end":9648.15},{"text":"floor,","start":9648.15,"end":9648.31},{"text":"please.","start":9648.31,"end":9648.71}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Samuel Safa","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair-Rapporteur"}},{"statement_number":41,"start":9649.99,"pageUrl":"/ru/asset/k1a/k1axh6e8yq?lang=en&t=9650","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":9649.99,"end":9651.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9649.99,"end":9650.27},{"text":"you,","start":9650.27,"end":9650.51},{"text":"Mr.","start":9650.67,"end":9651.03},{"text":"Chair.","start":9651.03,"end":9651.47}]},{"text":"We would like to thank you for your work in the organization of this session, as well as to all member states, panelists, mandate 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Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"Possible","start":9713.11,"end":9713.51},{"text":"solutions","start":9713.51,"end":9714.23},{"text":"could","start":9714.23,"end":9714.35},{"text":"include","start":9714.35,"end":9714.71},{"text":"the","start":9714.71,"end":9714.79},{"text":"principle","start":9714.79,"end":9715.39},{"text":"of","start":9715.39,"end":9715.59},{"text":"non-regression","start":9715.59,"end":9716.47},{"text":"and","start":9716.71,"end":9716.87},{"text":"carefully","start":9716.87,"end":9717.35},{"text":"crafted","start":9717.35,"end":9718.55},{"text":"language,","start":9719.03,"end":9719.59},{"text":"ensuring","start":9719.59,"end":9720.07},{"text":"that","start":9720.07,"end":9720.39},{"text":"in","start":9720.39,"end":9720.55},{"text":"seeking","start":9720.55,"end":9720.87},{"text":"to","start":9720.87,"end":9720.99},{"text":"move","start":9720.99,"end":9721.19},{"text":"forward,","start":9721.19,"end":9721.67},{"text":"we","start":9721.83,"end":9722.07},{"text":"do","start":9722.63,"end":9722.79},{"text":"not","start":9722.79,"end":9723.11},{"text":"undermine","start":9723.11,"end":9723.75},{"text":"existing","start":9723.75,"end":9724.31},{"text":"achievements.","start":9724.31,"end":9725.11}]},{"text":"A general comment could also be explored as a possible complementary tool to reaffirm that the rights and provisions enshrined in the CRC remain fully valid and applicable.","start":9725.67,"end":9736.63,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. 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This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"Ensuring","start":9782.47,"end":9782.87},{"text":"access","start":9782.87,"end":9783.39},{"text":"to","start":9783.39,"end":9783.47},{"text":"free","start":9783.47,"end":9783.75},{"text":"childhood","start":9783.75,"end":9784.31},{"text":"education","start":9784.31,"end":9784.95},{"text":"can","start":9784.95,"end":9785.19},{"text":"directly","start":9785.19,"end":9785.75},{"text":"alleviate","start":9785.75,"end":9786.39},{"text":"the","start":9786.79,"end":9786.91},{"text":"burden","start":9786.95,"end":9787.35},{"text":"on","start":9787.35,"end":9787.43},{"text":"families","start":9787.43,"end":9788.07},{"text":"and","start":9788.35,"end":9788.47},{"text":"help","start":9788.47,"end":9788.75},{"text":"prevent","start":9788.75,"end":9789.15},{"text":"situations","start":9789.15,"end":9789.79},{"text":"of","start":9789.79,"end":9789.91},{"text":"social","start":9789.91,"end":9790.23},{"text":"vulnerability","start":9790.23,"end":9791.19},{"text":"that","start":9791.43,"end":9791.59},{"text":"may","start":9791.59,"end":9791.79},{"text":"ultimately","start":9791.79,"end":9792.63},{"text":"lead","start":9792.63,"end":9792.79},{"text":"to","start":9792.79,"end":9792.87},{"text":"institutional","start":9792.95,"end":9793.75},{"text":"or","start":9793.75,"end":9793.91},{"text":"family-based","start":9793.91,"end":9794.55},{"text":"alternative","start":9794.55,"end":9795.19},{"text":"care,","start":9795.19,"end":9795.59},{"text":"and","start":9796.11,"end":9796.31},{"text":"the","start":9796.31,"end":9796.39},{"text":"disruption","start":9796.39,"end":9797.03},{"text":"of","start":9797.03,"end":9797.15},{"text":"family","start":9797.15,"end":9797.47},{"text":"ties.","start":9797.47,"end":9798.03}]},{"text":"These are also costs that we should take into account when assessing the financial implications of expanding free access to education.","start":9798.59,"end":9806.51,"topics":[{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Cooperation","description":"Financing was a major topic, both in relation to states’ domestic capacity and to international support. 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Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":9798.59,"end":9798.83},{"text":"are","start":9798.83,"end":9798.91},{"text":"also","start":9798.91,"end":9799.23},{"text":"costs","start":9799.23,"end":9799.71},{"text":"that","start":9799.71,"end":9799.87},{"text":"we","start":9799.87,"end":9800.03},{"text":"should","start":9800.03,"end":9800.23},{"text":"take","start":9800.23,"end":9800.51},{"text":"into","start":9800.51,"end":9800.79},{"text":"account","start":9800.79,"end":9801.39},{"text":"when","start":9801.51,"end":9801.79},{"text":"assessing","start":9801.79,"end":9802.27},{"text":"the","start":9802.27,"end":9802.35},{"text":"financial","start":9802.35,"end":9802.99},{"text":"implications","start":9803.15,"end":9804.11},{"text":"of","start":9804.11,"end":9804.27},{"text":"expanding","start":9804.27,"end":9804.79},{"text":"free","start":9804.79,"end":9804.99},{"text":"access","start":9804.99,"end":9805.59},{"text":"to","start":9805.59,"end":9805.67},{"text":"education.","start":9805.71,"end":9806.51}]},{"text":"We remain committed to this process and agree with the view that this working group has a mandate to elaborate a draft text.","start":9807.07,"end":9813.87,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9807.07,"end":9807.27},{"text":"remain","start":9807.27,"end":9807.55},{"text":"committed","start":9807.55,"end":9808.11},{"text":"to","start":9808.11,"end":9808.27},{"text":"this","start":9808.27,"end":9808.51},{"text":"process","start":9808.51,"end":9808.99},{"text":"and","start":9809.23,"end":9809.43},{"text":"agree","start":9809.43,"end":9809.67},{"text":"with","start":9809.67,"end":9809.87},{"text":"the","start":9809.87,"end":9809.95},{"text":"view","start":9809.95,"end":9810.27},{"text":"that","start":9810.27,"end":9810.43},{"text":"this","start":9810.43,"end":9810.67},{"text":"working","start":9810.67,"end":9810.99},{"text":"group","start":9810.99,"end":9811.31},{"text":"has","start":9811.31,"end":9811.55},{"text":"a","start":9811.55,"end":9811.59},{"text":"mandate","start":9811.59,"end":9812.07},{"text":"to","start":9812.07,"end":9812.15},{"text":"elaborate","start":9812.15,"end":9812.87},{"text":"a","start":9812.87,"end":9812.91},{"text":"draft","start":9812.91,"end":9813.39},{"text":"text.","start":9813.39,"end":9813.87}]},{"text":"We would therefore suggest that the questions and concerns raised during this session could be further considered through inter-sessional activities, allowing us to take more concrete steps during the coming session of the Working 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you, Mr. Chair.","start":9828.31,"end":9829.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9828.31,"end":9828.55},{"text":"you,","start":9828.55,"end":9828.63},{"text":"Mr.","start":9828.63,"end":9828.91},{"text":"Chair.","start":9828.91,"end":9829.19}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Yasmil","affiliation":"BRA","affiliation_full":"Brazil","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":42,"start":9830.47,"pageUrl":"/ru/asset/k1a/k1axh6e8yq?lang=en&t=9831","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank you, Yasmil, very much indeed.","start":9830.47,"end":9831.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9830.47,"end":9830.55},{"text":"thank","start":9830.55,"end":9830.79},{"text":"you,","start":9830.79,"end":9830.87},{"text":"Yasmil,","start":9830.87,"end":9831.19},{"text":"very","start":9831.19,"end":9831.43},{"text":"much","start":9831.43,"end":9831.63},{"text":"indeed.","start":9831.63,"end":9831.99}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to Qatar, to be followed by Bangladesh.","start":9832.87,"end":9835.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9832.87,"end":9832.91},{"text":"now","start":9832.91,"end":9833.11},{"text":"give","start":9833.11,"end":9833.27},{"text":"the","start":9833.27,"end":9833.39},{"text":"floor","start":9833.39,"end":9833.59},{"text":"to","start":9833.59,"end":9833.71},{"text":"Qatar,","start":9833.71,"end":9834.07},{"text":"to","start":9834.07,"end":9834.27},{"text":"be","start":9834.27,"end":9834.39},{"text":"followed","start":9834.39,"end":9834.71},{"text":"by","start":9834.71,"end":9834.79},{"text":"Bangladesh.","start":9834.79,"end":9835.51}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Samuel Safa","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair-Rapporteur"}},{"statement_number":43,"start":9841.27,"pageUrl":"/ru/asset/k1a/k1axh6e8yq?lang=en&t=9842","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":9841.27,"end":9842.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9841.27,"end":9841.51},{"text":"you,","start":9841.51,"end":9841.75},{"text":"Mr.","start":9841.83,"end":9842.23},{"text":"Chair.","start":9842.23,"end":9842.63}]},{"text":"At the outset, I would like to extend my thanks to the Chair rapporteur for the valuable efforts made in drafting the document at hand.","start":9843.03,"end":9855.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":9843.03,"end":9843.15},{"text":"the","start":9843.15,"end":9843.31},{"text":"outset,","start":9843.43,"end":9843.91},{"text":"I","start":9843.91,"end":9844.07},{"text":"would","start":9844.07,"end":9844.23},{"text":"like","start":9844.23,"end":9844.47},{"text":"to","start":9844.47,"end":9844.59},{"text":"extend","start":9844.59,"end":9844.99},{"text":"my","start":9844.99,"end":9845.19},{"text":"thanks","start":9845.19,"end":9845.83},{"text":"to","start":9845.83,"end":9846.03},{"text":"the","start":9846.07,"end":9846.27},{"text":"Chair","start":9847.19,"end":9847.79},{"text":"rapporteur","start":9847.79,"end":9848.63},{"text":"for","start":9848.63,"end":9849.11},{"text":"the","start":9849.43,"end":9849.63},{"text":"valuable","start":9849.99,"end":9850.71},{"text":"efforts","start":9850.71,"end":9851.43},{"text":"made","start":9851.43,"end":9851.99},{"text":"in","start":9852.39,"end":9852.79},{"text":"drafting","start":9852.87,"end":9853.75},{"text":"the","start":9854.39,"end":9854.63},{"text":"document","start":9854.63,"end":9855.19},{"text":"at","start":9855.19,"end":9855.43},{"text":"hand.","start":9855.43,"end":9855.71}]},{"text":"We give due attention to education at all levels, and we have taken a number of regional and international efforts in order to provide quality education for all, especially primary education for those who have been deprived of it for reasons related to lack of security or armed conflict.","start":9855.75,"end":9881.67,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9855.75,"end":9856.23},{"text":"give","start":9857.03,"end":9857.43},{"text":"due","start":9857.51,"end":9857.83},{"text":"attention","start":9857.83,"end":9858.71},{"text":"to","start":9858.71,"end":9859.03},{"text":"education","start":9859.03,"end":9859.99},{"text":"at","start":9860.63,"end":9860.87},{"text":"all","start":9860.87,"end":9861.23},{"text":"levels,","start":9861.23,"end":9861.79},{"text":"and","start":9861.79,"end":9861.99},{"text":"we","start":9861.99,"end":9862.11},{"text":"have","start":9862.11,"end":9862.31},{"text":"taken","start":9862.31,"end":9862.87},{"text":"a","start":9862.87,"end":9862.91},{"text":"number","start":9862.91,"end":9863.43},{"text":"of","start":9863.43,"end":9863.67},{"text":"regional","start":9863.67,"end":9864.35},{"text":"and","start":9864.35,"end":9864.55},{"text":"international","start":9864.55,"end":9865.75},{"text":"efforts","start":9866.31,"end":9866.87},{"text":"in","start":9866.87,"end":9867.11},{"text":"order","start":9867.11,"end":9867.67},{"text":"to","start":9867.67,"end":9867.83},{"text":"provide","start":9867.83,"end":9868.47},{"text":"quality","start":9868.47,"end":9869.07},{"text":"education","start":9869.07,"end":9869.83},{"text":"for","start":9869.83,"end":9870.15},{"text":"all,","start":9870.15,"end":9870.39},{"text":"especially","start":9870.71,"end":9871.67},{"text":"primary","start":9872.87,"end":9873.47},{"text":"education","start":9873.47,"end":9874.07},{"text":"for","start":9874.07,"end":9874.31},{"text":"those","start":9874.31,"end":9874.55},{"text":"who","start":9874.55,"end":9874.63},{"text":"have","start":9874.63,"end":9874.83},{"text":"been","start":9874.83,"end":9875.35},{"text":"deprived","start":9875.83,"end":9876.55},{"text":"of","start":9876.55,"end":9876.71},{"text":"it","start":9876.71,"end":9876.87},{"text":"for","start":9876.87,"end":9877.07},{"text":"reasons","start":9877.07,"end":9877.59},{"text":"related","start":9877.59,"end":9878.23},{"text":"to","start":9878.23,"end":9878.47},{"text":"lack","start":9878.47,"end":9878.71},{"text":"of","start":9878.71,"end":9878.79},{"text":"security","start":9878.79,"end":9879.67},{"text":"or","start":9879.67,"end":9880.15},{"text":"armed","start":9880.63,"end":9880.99},{"text":"conflict.","start":9880.99,"end":9881.67}]},{"text":"Hence, our participation in any initiative aims to provide and safeguard education, which is extremely important to us.","start":9881.67,"end":9891.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Hence,","start":9881.67,"end":9882.07},{"text":"our","start":9882.15,"end":9882.63},{"text":"participation","start":9882.79,"end":9883.75},{"text":"in","start":9883.75,"end":9883.99},{"text":"any","start":9883.99,"end":9884.23},{"text":"initiative","start":9884.23,"end":9885.03},{"text":"aims","start":9885.27,"end":9885.67},{"text":"to","start":9885.67,"end":9885.83},{"text":"provide","start":9885.83,"end":9886.51},{"text":"and","start":9886.51,"end":9886.71},{"text":"safeguard","start":9886.71,"end":9887.43},{"text":"education,","start":9887.47,"end":9888.31},{"text":"which","start":9888.31,"end":9888.63},{"text":"is","start":9888.63,"end":9889.03},{"text":"extremely","start":9889.43,"end":9890.07},{"text":"important","start":9890.07,"end":9890.83},{"text":"to","start":9890.83,"end":9890.95},{"text":"us.","start":9890.95,"end":9891.27}]},{"text":"A general comment regarding the linking between compulsory free and quality education.","start":9891.67,"end":9898.71,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. 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Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":9891.67,"end":9891.71},{"text":"general","start":9891.71,"end":9892.23},{"text":"comment","start":9892.23,"end":9892.79},{"text":"regarding","start":9892.79,"end":9893.43},{"text":"the","start":9893.43,"end":9893.59},{"text":"linking","start":9893.59,"end":9894.07},{"text":"between","start":9894.07,"end":9894.79},{"text":"compulsory","start":9894.95,"end":9895.99},{"text":"free","start":9896.47,"end":9897.03},{"text":"and","start":9897.03,"end":9897.19},{"text":"quality","start":9897.19,"end":9897.75},{"text":"education.","start":9897.75,"end":9898.71}]},{"text":"The range of access to free education should not undermine the quality of education and the services provided to students.","start":9899.27,"end":9910.39,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. 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Speakers discussed UN liquidity constraints, national budget pressures, tax and debt issues, and whether international cooperation obligations should help states expand free education without creating unmanageable burdens."},{"key":"national-contexts","label":"National Contexts and Flexible Implementation","description":"Many delegations underlined that any future standard must be workable across different legal systems, education models, capacities, and development levels. The discussion often drew a distinction between having a common minimum right for all children and allowing states flexibility in how they implement that right."}],"words":[{"text":"Regarding","start":9951.07,"end":9951.87},{"text":"principle","start":9952.35,"end":9952.91},{"text":"number","start":9952.91,"end":9953.23},{"text":"four","start":9953.23,"end":9953.71},{"text":"on","start":9953.71,"end":9953.95},{"text":"international","start":9953.95,"end":9954.67},{"text":"cooperation,","start":9954.67,"end":9955.47},{"text":"the","start":9955.47,"end":9955.59},{"text":"state","start":9955.59,"end":9955.95},{"text":"of","start":9955.95,"end":9956.11},{"text":"Qatar","start":9956.11,"end":9956.51},{"text":"stresses","start":9956.51,"end":9957.15},{"text":"that","start":9957.15,"end":9957.47},{"text":"international","start":9957.47,"end":9958.27},{"text":"cooperation","start":9958.27,"end":9959.07},{"text":"should","start":9959.07,"end":9959.23},{"text":"be","start":9959.23,"end":9959.47},{"text":"voluntary","start":9959.47,"end":9960.19},{"text":"and","start":9960.59,"end":9960.79},{"text":"should","start":9960.79,"end":9960.99},{"text":"be","start":9960.99,"end":9961.15},{"text":"carried","start":9961.15,"end":9961.55},{"text":"out","start":9961.55,"end":9961.83},{"text":"in","start":9961.83,"end":9962.03},{"text":"accordance","start":9962.03,"end":9962.67},{"text":"with","start":9962.67,"end":9962.95},{"text":"the","start":9962.95,"end":9963.03},{"text":"national","start":9963.03,"end":9963.47},{"text":"priorities","start":9963.47,"end":9964.27},{"text":"and","start":9964.27,"end":9964.47},{"text":"specificities","start":9964.47,"end":9965.63},{"text":"and","start":9965.63,"end":9965.95},{"text":"that","start":9966.27,"end":9966.59},{"text":"no","start":9966.59,"end":9966.99},{"text":"financial","start":9967.63,"end":9968.51},{"text":"or","start":9968.51,"end":9968.75},{"text":"technical","start":9968.75,"end":9969.63},{"text":"obligations","start":9969.87,"end":9970.99},{"text":"be","start":9971.07,"end":9971.63},{"text":"forced","start":9972.67,"end":9973.23},{"text":"on","start":9973.23,"end":9973.55},{"text":"countries.","start":9973.55,"end":9974.19}]},{"text":"We stressed the importance that the optional protocol should not have any additional responsibilities of reporting unnecessarily.","start":9974.19,"end":9985.31,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. Concerns included avoiding duplication, preserving non-regression, clarifying legal obligations, and designing accountability arrangements that are effective but realistic for states."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9974.19,"end":9974.35},{"text":"stressed","start":9974.35,"end":9974.83},{"text":"the","start":9974.83,"end":9974.91},{"text":"importance","start":9974.91,"end":9975.87},{"text":"that","start":9975.87,"end":9976.83},{"text":"the","start":9976.87,"end":9976.95},{"text":"optional","start":9977.39,"end":9977.95},{"text":"protocol","start":9977.95,"end":9978.67},{"text":"should","start":9978.67,"end":9979.07},{"text":"not","start":9979.07,"end":9979.47},{"text":"have","start":9979.71,"end":9980.03},{"text":"any","start":9980.03,"end":9980.51},{"text":"additional","start":9980.51,"end":9981.31},{"text":"responsibilities","start":9981.31,"end":9982.59},{"text":"of","start":9982.59,"end":9982.91},{"text":"reporting","start":9982.91,"end":9983.71},{"text":"unnecessarily.","start":9984.19,"end":9985.31}]},{"text":"Regarding principle eight on reporting, we stress that reporting should be merely voluntary based on the explicit consent by the countries concerned in a manner that fully respects the national capacities and the political considerations without adding obligatory automatic obligations on countries.","start":9985.75,"end":10014.15,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. 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The discussion often drew a distinction between having a common minimum right for all children and allowing states flexibility in how they implement that 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will submit our comments in writing to the Secretariat of the Working Group.","start":10014.31,"end":10021.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10014.31,"end":10014.87},{"text":"will","start":10014.87,"end":10015.51},{"text":"submit","start":10016.95,"end":10017.83},{"text":"our","start":10017.83,"end":10018.23},{"text":"comments","start":10018.23,"end":10018.71},{"text":"in","start":10018.71,"end":10018.87},{"text":"writing","start":10018.87,"end":10019.35},{"text":"to","start":10019.35,"end":10019.43},{"text":"the","start":10019.43,"end":10019.55},{"text":"Secretariat","start":10019.55,"end":10020.39},{"text":"of","start":10020.39,"end":10020.55},{"text":"the","start":10020.55,"end":10020.71},{"text":"Working","start":10020.71,"end":10021.11},{"text":"Group.","start":10021.11,"end":10021.43}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":10021.43,"end":10021.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10021.43,"end":10021.83},{"text":"you.","start":10021.83,"end":10021.91}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"QAT","affiliation_full":"Qatar","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":44,"start":10022.63,"pageUrl":"/ru/asset/k1a/k1axh6e8yq?lang=en&t=10023","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":10022.63,"end":10023.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10022.63,"end":10022.87},{"text":"you.","start":10022.87,"end":10023.11}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Bangladesh to be followed by Peru and Belgium.","start":10023.91,"end":10029.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10023.91,"end":10023.95},{"text":"now","start":10023.95,"end":10024.03},{"text":"give","start":10024.07,"end":10024.23},{"text":"the","start":10024.23,"end":10024.31},{"text":"floor","start":10024.31,"end":10024.55},{"text":"to","start":10024.55,"end":10024.67},{"text":"the","start":10024.67,"end":10024.75},{"text":"distinguished","start":10024.75,"end":10025.35},{"text":"representative","start":10025.35,"end":10025.91},{"text":"of","start":10025.95,"end":10026.23},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":10026.79,"end":10027.59},{"text":"to","start":10027.59,"end":10027.75},{"text":"be","start":10027.75,"end":10027.87},{"text":"followed","start":10027.87,"end":10028.11},{"text":"by","start":10028.11,"end":10028.23},{"text":"Peru","start":10028.23,"end":10028.79},{"text":"and","start":10029.27,"end":10029.47},{"text":"Belgium.","start":10029.47,"end":10029.91}]},{"text":"Bangladesh, you have the floor, please.","start":10029.91,"end":10031.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh,","start":10029.91,"end":10030.35},{"text":"you","start":10030.35,"end":10030.43},{"text":"have","start":10030.43,"end":10030.55},{"text":"the","start":10030.55,"end":10030.63},{"text":"floor,","start":10030.63,"end":10030.83},{"text":"please.","start":10030.83,"end":10031.27}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Samuel Safa","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair-Rapporteur"}},{"statement_number":45,"start":10035.47,"pageUrl":"/ru/asset/k1a/k1axh6e8yq?lang=en&t=10036","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair Rapporteur.","start":10035.47,"end":10036.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10035.47,"end":10035.67},{"text":"you,","start":10035.67,"end":10035.75},{"text":"Mr.","start":10035.75,"end":10036.07},{"text":"Chair","start":10036.07,"end":10036.31},{"text":"Rapporteur.","start":10036.31,"end":10036.99}]},{"text":"Bangladesh appreciates your continued efforts in facilitating the work of this working group, as well as the contribution of the experts, and in particular, the excellent contribution made by the children who remain at the heart of our discussion and represent the future of our world.","start":10037.23,"end":10052.91,"topics":[{"key":"child-participation","label":"Children’s Participation in Decision-Making","description":"A recurring theme was the importance of meaningful participation by children in shaping any future education instrument. Speakers argued that children should not only be consulted symbolically, but should continue to influence the process because the outcomes will directly affect their lives."}],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":10037.23,"end":10037.63},{"text":"appreciates","start":10037.63,"end":10038.31},{"text":"your","start":10038.31,"end":10038.59},{"text":"continued","start":10038.91,"end":10039.47},{"text":"efforts","start":10039.47,"end":10039.91},{"text":"in","start":10039.91,"end":10040.11},{"text":"facilitating","start":10040.11,"end":10040.83},{"text":"the","start":10040.83,"end":10040.91},{"text":"work","start":10040.91,"end":10041.27},{"text":"of","start":10041.27,"end":10041.39},{"text":"this","start":10041.39,"end":10041.63},{"text":"working","start":10041.63,"end":10041.99},{"text":"group,","start":10041.99,"end":10042.27},{"text":"as","start":10042.83,"end":10043.11},{"text":"well","start":10043.11,"end":10043.31},{"text":"as","start":10043.31,"end":10043.43},{"text":"the","start":10043.43,"end":10043.55},{"text":"contribution","start":10043.55,"end":10044.19},{"text":"of","start":10044.19,"end":10044.27},{"text":"the","start":10044.27,"end":10044.39},{"text":"experts,","start":10044.39,"end":10045.15},{"text":"and","start":10045.39,"end":10045.55},{"text":"in","start":10045.55,"end":10045.71},{"text":"particular,","start":10045.71,"end":10046.19},{"text":"the","start":10046.19,"end":10046.31},{"text":"excellent","start":10046.31,"end":10046.75},{"text":"contribution","start":10046.75,"end":10047.31},{"text":"made","start":10047.31,"end":10047.55},{"text":"by","start":10047.55,"end":10047.71},{"text":"the","start":10047.71,"end":10047.83},{"text":"children","start":10047.87,"end":10048.35},{"text":"who","start":10048.67,"end":10048.79},{"text":"remain","start":10048.79,"end":10049.19},{"text":"at","start":10049.19,"end":10049.31},{"text":"the","start":10049.31,"end":10049.43},{"text":"heart","start":10049.43,"end":10049.79},{"text":"of","start":10049.95,"end":10050.11},{"text":"our","start":10050.11,"end":10050.27},{"text":"discussion","start":10050.27,"end":10050.99},{"text":"and","start":10050.99,"end":10051.23},{"text":"represent","start":10051.23,"end":10051.67},{"text":"the","start":10051.67,"end":10051.75},{"text":"future","start":10051.75,"end":10052.23},{"text":"of","start":10052.23,"end":10052.35},{"text":"our","start":10052.35,"end":10052.59},{"text":"world.","start":10052.59,"end":10052.91}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair Rapporteur, the government of Bangladesh attaches the highest importance to ensuring equal opportunities and access to quality education for all children.","start":10054.07,"end":10063.39,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":10054.07,"end":10054.35},{"text":"Chair","start":10054.35,"end":10054.63},{"text":"Rapporteur,","start":10054.63,"end":10055.07},{"text":"the","start":10055.23,"end":10055.39},{"text":"government","start":10055.39,"end":10055.87},{"text":"of","start":10055.87,"end":10055.95},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":10055.95,"end":10056.67},{"text":"attaches","start":10056.83,"end":10057.55},{"text":"the","start":10057.55,"end":10057.75},{"text":"highest","start":10057.75,"end":10058.15},{"text":"importance","start":10058.15,"end":10058.83},{"text":"to","start":10058.83,"end":10058.95},{"text":"ensuring","start":10058.95,"end":10059.47},{"text":"equal","start":10059.47,"end":10059.83},{"text":"opportunities","start":10059.83,"end":10060.67},{"text":"and","start":10060.91,"end":10061.07},{"text":"access","start":10061.07,"end":10061.39},{"text":"to","start":10061.39,"end":10061.55},{"text":"quality","start":10061.55,"end":10061.91},{"text":"education","start":10061.91,"end":10062.43},{"text":"for","start":10062.43,"end":10062.67},{"text":"all","start":10062.67,"end":10062.99},{"text":"children.","start":10062.99,"end":10063.39}]},{"text":"Bangladesh therefore supports state-led constructive processes aimed at identifying genuine legal gaps and developing practical and implementable action to advance the effective realization of the right to education.","start":10064.03,"end":10078.27,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":10064.03,"end":10064.75},{"text":"therefore","start":10064.83,"end":10065.31},{"text":"supports","start":10065.31,"end":10066.03},{"text":"state-led","start":10066.03,"end":10066.59},{"text":"constructive","start":10066.59,"end":10067.27},{"text":"processes","start":10067.27,"end":10067.95},{"text":"aimed","start":10068.27,"end":10068.59},{"text":"at","start":10068.59,"end":10068.83},{"text":"identifying","start":10068.83,"end":10069.55},{"text":"genuine","start":10069.63,"end":10070.03},{"text":"legal","start":10070.03,"end":10070.35},{"text":"gaps","start":10070.35,"end":10070.75},{"text":"and","start":10070.91,"end":10071.15},{"text":"developing","start":10071.15,"end":10071.71},{"text":"practical","start":10071.79,"end":10072.51},{"text":"and","start":10072.67,"end":10073.11},{"text":"implementable","start":10073.55,"end":10074.35},{"text":"action","start":10074.35,"end":10074.91},{"text":"to","start":10074.99,"end":10075.11},{"text":"advance","start":10075.11,"end":10075.55},{"text":"the","start":10075.55,"end":10075.63},{"text":"effective","start":10075.63,"end":10076.07},{"text":"realization","start":10076.07,"end":10076.83},{"text":"of","start":10076.83,"end":10076.95},{"text":"the","start":10076.99,"end":10077.07},{"text":"right","start":10077.07,"end":10077.43},{"text":"to","start":10077.43,"end":10077.55},{"text":"education.","start":10077.55,"end":10078.27}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, in our view, an evidence-based assessment supported by facts and statistics is central to any determination of a legal gap.","start":10079.43,"end":10089.07,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":10079.43,"end":10079.75},{"text":"Chair,","start":10079.75,"end":10080.11},{"text":"in","start":10080.43,"end":10080.59},{"text":"our","start":10080.59,"end":10080.75},{"text":"view,","start":10080.75,"end":10081.15},{"text":"an","start":10081.19,"end":10081.39},{"text":"evidence-based","start":10081.39,"end":10083.15},{"text":"assessment","start":10083.15,"end":10083.75},{"text":"supported","start":10083.75,"end":10084.27},{"text":"by","start":10084.27,"end":10084.43},{"text":"facts","start":10084.43,"end":10084.91},{"text":"and","start":10084.91,"end":10085.11},{"text":"statistics","start":10085.11,"end":10085.87},{"text":"is","start":10086.03,"end":10086.23},{"text":"central","start":10086.23,"end":10086.67},{"text":"to","start":10086.67,"end":10086.91},{"text":"any","start":10086.99,"end":10087.23},{"text":"determination","start":10087.23,"end":10088.11},{"text":"of","start":10088.27,"end":10088.43},{"text":"a","start":10088.43,"end":10088.47},{"text":"legal","start":10088.47,"end":10088.83},{"text":"gap.","start":10088.83,"end":10089.07}]},{"text":"Such an assessment should be robust enough to remain relevant across different national contexts.","start":10089.79,"end":10095.15,"topics":[{"key":"national-contexts","label":"National Contexts and Flexible Implementation","description":"Many delegations underlined that any future standard must be workable across different legal systems, education models, capacities, and development levels. The discussion often drew a distinction between having a common minimum right for all children and allowing states flexibility in how they implement that right."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":10089.79,"end":10090.15},{"text":"an","start":10090.15,"end":10090.35},{"text":"assessment","start":10090.35,"end":10090.91},{"text":"should","start":10090.91,"end":10091.03},{"text":"be","start":10091.03,"end":10091.15},{"text":"robust","start":10091.15,"end":10091.63},{"text":"enough","start":10091.63,"end":10091.99},{"text":"to","start":10091.99,"end":10092.19},{"text":"remain","start":10092.19,"end":10092.67},{"text":"relevant","start":10092.67,"end":10093.27},{"text":"across","start":10093.39,"end":10093.79},{"text":"different","start":10093.79,"end":10094.23},{"text":"national","start":10094.23,"end":10094.55},{"text":"contexts.","start":10094.55,"end":10095.15}]},{"text":"Equally important is broad support and ownership among member states regarding the identification of a legal gap emerging from an inclusive intergovernmental process.","start":10095.87,"end":10106.27,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. 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Speakers argued that children should not only be consulted symbolically, but should continue to influence the process because the outcomes will directly affect their lives."}],"words":[{"text":"Equally","start":10095.87,"end":10096.31},{"text":"important","start":10096.31,"end":10096.79},{"text":"is","start":10096.79,"end":10096.99},{"text":"broad","start":10096.99,"end":10097.31},{"text":"support","start":10097.31,"end":10097.79},{"text":"and","start":10097.79,"end":10097.95},{"text":"ownership","start":10097.95,"end":10098.59},{"text":"among","start":10098.83,"end":10099.07},{"text":"member","start":10099.07,"end":10099.47},{"text":"states","start":10099.47,"end":10099.95},{"text":"regarding","start":10100.19,"end":10100.67},{"text":"the","start":10100.67,"end":10100.79},{"text":"identification","start":10100.79,"end":10101.71},{"text":"of","start":10101.71,"end":10101.87},{"text":"a","start":10101.87,"end":10101.91},{"text":"legal","start":10101.91,"end":10102.27},{"text":"gap","start":10102.27,"end":10102.51},{"text":"emerging","start":10102.91,"end":10103.55},{"text":"from","start":10103.55,"end":10103.87},{"text":"an","start":10103.87,"end":10104.03},{"text":"inclusive","start":10104.03,"end":10104.75},{"text":"intergovernmental","start":10104.75,"end":10105.63},{"text":"process.","start":10105.63,"end":10106.27}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, even where a gap is identified, it is essential to address a further question that is as important as identifying legal gaps.","start":10107.31,"end":10116.75,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":10107.31,"end":10107.63},{"text":"Chair,","start":10107.63,"end":10108.11},{"text":"even","start":10108.35,"end":10108.67},{"text":"where","start":10108.67,"end":10108.87},{"text":"a","start":10108.87,"end":10108.91},{"text":"gap","start":10108.91,"end":10109.31},{"text":"is","start":10109.31,"end":10109.55},{"text":"identified,","start":10109.55,"end":10110.27},{"text":"it","start":10110.51,"end":10110.67},{"text":"is","start":10110.67,"end":10110.83},{"text":"essential","start":10110.83,"end":10111.39},{"text":"to","start":10111.39,"end":10111.59},{"text":"address","start":10111.63,"end":10112.03},{"text":"a","start":10112.03,"end":10112.07},{"text":"further","start":10112.07,"end":10112.51},{"text":"question","start":10112.51,"end":10112.99},{"text":"that","start":10113.39,"end":10113.71},{"text":"is","start":10113.71,"end":10113.95},{"text":"as","start":10114.03,"end":10114.35},{"text":"important","start":10114.35,"end":10114.91},{"text":"as","start":10114.91,"end":10115.15},{"text":"identifying","start":10115.15,"end":10115.87},{"text":"legal","start":10115.87,"end":10116.31},{"text":"gaps.","start":10116.31,"end":10116.75}]},{"text":"whether the measures being contemplated would effectively address that gap and deliver the intended outcomes on the ground.","start":10117.15,"end":10126.63,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. 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The discussion often drew a distinction between having a common minimum right for all children and allowing states flexibility in how they implement that right."}],"words":[{"text":"Before","start":10141.91,"end":10142.31},{"text":"proceeding","start":10142.31,"end":10142.87},{"text":"towards","start":10142.87,"end":10143.35},{"text":"drafting","start":10143.35,"end":10144.11},{"text":"a","start":10144.11,"end":10144.15},{"text":"new","start":10144.15,"end":10144.63},{"text":"instrument,","start":10144.71,"end":10145.35},{"text":"there","start":10145.35,"end":10145.59},{"text":"should","start":10145.59,"end":10145.83},{"text":"be","start":10145.83,"end":10146.07},{"text":"adequate","start":10146.07,"end":10146.51},{"text":"discussion","start":10146.51,"end":10147.19},{"text":"of","start":10147.43,"end":10147.67},{"text":"its","start":10147.67,"end":10147.91},{"text":"necessity,","start":10147.91,"end":10148.55},{"text":"added","start":10148.55,"end":10148.87},{"text":"value,","start":10148.87,"end":10149.27},{"text":"practical","start":10149.51,"end":10150.07},{"text":"implication","start":10150.07,"end":10150.87},{"text":"and","start":10151.03,"end":10151.43},{"text":"implementability","start":10151.43,"end":10152.79},{"text":"across","start":10152.79,"end":10153.19},{"text":"member","start":10153.19,"end":10153.59},{"text":"states.","start":10153.59,"end":10154.07}]},{"text":"As several delegations have highlighted during this session, Bangladesh also recognizes it is important to assess whether the intended objectives could be achieved through the full and effective implementation of the existing legal obligation and policy frameworks.","start":10155.11,"end":10171.59,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":10155.11,"end":10155.31},{"text":"several","start":10155.31,"end":10155.75},{"text":"delegations","start":10155.75,"end":10156.39},{"text":"have","start":10156.39,"end":10156.55},{"text":"highlighted","start":10156.55,"end":10157.15},{"text":"during","start":10157.15,"end":10157.43},{"text":"this","start":10157.43,"end":10157.79},{"text":"session,","start":10157.79,"end":10158.31},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":10158.55,"end":10159.03},{"text":"also","start":10159.03,"end":10159.43},{"text":"recognizes","start":10159.43,"end":10160.39},{"text":"it","start":10160.55,"end":10160.71},{"text":"is","start":10160.71,"end":10160.87},{"text":"important","start":10160.87,"end":10161.47},{"text":"to","start":10161.47,"end":10161.55},{"text":"assess","start":10161.55,"end":10162.15},{"text":"whether","start":10162.39,"end":10162.75},{"text":"the","start":10162.75,"end":10162.91},{"text":"intended","start":10162.91,"end":10163.51},{"text":"objectives","start":10163.51,"end":10164.23},{"text":"could","start":10164.23,"end":10164.47},{"text":"be","start":10164.47,"end":10164.63},{"text":"achieved","start":10164.63,"end":10165.03},{"text":"through","start":10165.27,"end":10165.51},{"text":"the","start":10165.51,"end":10165.67},{"text":"full","start":10165.67,"end":10166.23},{"text":"and","start":10166.23,"end":10166.47},{"text":"effective","start":10166.47,"end":10166.91},{"text":"implementation","start":10166.91,"end":10167.83},{"text":"of","start":10167.91,"end":10168.07},{"text":"the","start":10168.07,"end":10168.19},{"text":"existing","start":10168.19,"end":10168.79},{"text":"legal","start":10168.79,"end":10169.19},{"text":"obligation","start":10169.43,"end":10170.15},{"text":"and","start":10170.23,"end":10170.47},{"text":"policy","start":10170.47,"end":10170.87},{"text":"frameworks.","start":10170.87,"end":10171.59}]},{"text":"and, if so, to identify the factors that continue to impede the implementation of them.","start":10172.15,"end":10179.59,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"and,","start":10172.15,"end":10172.39},{"text":"if","start":10172.39,"end":10172.59},{"text":"so,","start":10172.59,"end":10172.87},{"text":"to","start":10172.87,"end":10173.03},{"text":"identify","start":10173.03,"end":10173.59},{"text":"the","start":10173.59,"end":10173.75},{"text":"factors","start":10173.75,"end":10174.35},{"text":"that","start":10174.35,"end":10174.59},{"text":"continue","start":10174.59,"end":10175.27},{"text":"to","start":10176.07,"end":10176.35},{"text":"impede","start":10176.71,"end":10177.35},{"text":"the","start":10177.35,"end":10177.51},{"text":"implementation","start":10177.51,"end":10178.47},{"text":"of","start":10178.63,"end":10178.83},{"text":"them.","start":10178.87,"end":10179.59}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair Rapporteur, we see value in drawing guidance from similar processes, but we also recognize that the content and substance of the discussion and the issue at hand can also guide the process.","start":10180.79,"end":10192.79,"topics":[{"key":"national-contexts","label":"National Contexts and Flexible Implementation","description":"Many delegations underlined that any future standard must be workable across different legal systems, education models, capacities, and development levels. The discussion often drew a distinction between having a common minimum right for all children and allowing states flexibility in how they implement that right."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":10180.79,"end":10181.11},{"text":"Chair","start":10181.11,"end":10181.39},{"text":"Rapporteur,","start":10181.39,"end":10181.87},{"text":"we","start":10181.87,"end":10181.99},{"text":"see","start":10181.99,"end":10182.31},{"text":"value","start":10182.31,"end":10182.71},{"text":"in","start":10182.71,"end":10182.91},{"text":"drawing","start":10182.91,"end":10183.35},{"text":"guidance","start":10183.35,"end":10183.79},{"text":"from","start":10183.79,"end":10183.99},{"text":"similar","start":10183.99,"end":10184.39},{"text":"processes,","start":10184.39,"end":10185.03},{"text":"but","start":10185.35,"end":10185.67},{"text":"we","start":10185.67,"end":10185.75},{"text":"also","start":10185.75,"end":10186.11},{"text":"recognize","start":10186.11,"end":10186.79},{"text":"that","start":10186.79,"end":10187.03},{"text":"the","start":10187.27,"end":10187.43},{"text":"content","start":10187.43,"end":10188.15},{"text":"and","start":10188.23,"end":10188.39},{"text":"substance","start":10188.39,"end":10188.99},{"text":"of","start":10188.99,"end":10189.07},{"text":"the","start":10189.07,"end":10189.19},{"text":"discussion","start":10189.19,"end":10189.83},{"text":"and","start":10190.07,"end":10190.35},{"text":"the","start":10190.35,"end":10190.43},{"text":"issue","start":10190.43,"end":10190.71},{"text":"at","start":10190.71,"end":10190.87},{"text":"hand","start":10190.87,"end":10191.23},{"text":"can","start":10191.35,"end":10191.59},{"text":"also","start":10191.59,"end":10191.87},{"text":"guide","start":10191.87,"end":10192.07},{"text":"the","start":10192.07,"end":10192.23},{"text":"process.","start":10192.23,"end":10192.79}]},{"text":"Bangladesh is also of the view that further consultation on the identification and assessment of the legal gaps could have added greater value to the process.","start":10194.99,"end":10204.11,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"Bangladesh","start":10194.99,"end":10195.47},{"text":"is","start":10195.47,"end":10195.71},{"text":"also","start":10195.71,"end":10196.15},{"text":"of","start":10196.15,"end":10196.23},{"text":"the","start":10196.23,"end":10196.35},{"text":"view","start":10196.35,"end":10196.67},{"text":"that","start":10196.67,"end":10196.91},{"text":"further","start":10196.91,"end":10197.31},{"text":"consultation","start":10197.31,"end":10198.19},{"text":"on","start":10198.35,"end":10198.59},{"text":"the","start":10198.59,"end":10198.67},{"text":"identification","start":10198.67,"end":10199.71},{"text":"and","start":10199.71,"end":10199.83},{"text":"assessment","start":10199.83,"end":10200.27},{"text":"of","start":10200.27,"end":10200.35},{"text":"the","start":10200.35,"end":10200.47},{"text":"legal","start":10200.47,"end":10200.83},{"text":"gaps","start":10200.83,"end":10201.15},{"text":"could","start":10201.39,"end":10201.63},{"text":"have","start":10201.63,"end":10201.79},{"text":"added","start":10201.79,"end":10202.35},{"text":"greater","start":10202.47,"end":10202.83},{"text":"value","start":10202.83,"end":10203.15},{"text":"to","start":10203.15,"end":10203.31},{"text":"the","start":10203.31,"end":10203.47},{"text":"process.","start":10203.47,"end":10204.11}]},{"text":"The same applies to the question of whether the fullest and effective implementation of the existing obligation could adequately address the concern identified.","start":10204.67,"end":10213.71,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10204.67,"end":10204.83},{"text":"same","start":10204.83,"end":10205.15},{"text":"applies","start":10205.15,"end":10205.55},{"text":"to","start":10205.55,"end":10205.67},{"text":"the","start":10205.67,"end":10205.79},{"text":"question","start":10205.79,"end":10206.35},{"text":"of","start":10206.59,"end":10206.83},{"text":"whether","start":10206.83,"end":10207.23},{"text":"the","start":10207.23,"end":10207.35},{"text":"fullest","start":10207.35,"end":10207.95},{"text":"and","start":10207.95,"end":10208.19},{"text":"effective","start":10208.19,"end":10208.59},{"text":"implementation","start":10208.59,"end":10209.47},{"text":"of","start":10209.47,"end":10209.55},{"text":"the","start":10209.55,"end":10209.67},{"text":"existing","start":10209.67,"end":10210.23},{"text":"obligation","start":10210.23,"end":10210.83},{"text":"could","start":10211.03,"end":10211.23},{"text":"adequately","start":10211.23,"end":10211.79},{"text":"address","start":10211.79,"end":10212.11},{"text":"the","start":10212.11,"end":10212.27},{"text":"concern","start":10212.27,"end":10212.83},{"text":"identified.","start":10212.83,"end":10213.71}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair Rapporteur, Bangladesh remain engaged in the work of this working group in a constructive spirit and will continue to do so.","start":10214.59,"end":10223.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":10214.59,"end":10214.91},{"text":"Chair","start":10214.91,"end":10215.19},{"text":"Rapporteur,","start":10215.19,"end":10215.79},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":10215.79,"end":10216.27},{"text":"remain","start":10216.27,"end":10216.83},{"text":"engaged","start":10216.83,"end":10217.15},{"text":"in","start":10217.31,"end":10217.51},{"text":"the","start":10217.51,"end":10217.63},{"text":"work","start":10217.63,"end":10218.23},{"text":"of","start":10218.63,"end":10218.71},{"text":"this","start":10218.71,"end":10218.95},{"text":"working","start":10218.99,"end":10219.91},{"text":"group","start":10219.91,"end":10220.23},{"text":"in","start":10220.43,"end":10220.63},{"text":"a","start":10220.63,"end":10220.67},{"text":"constructive","start":10220.67,"end":10221.31},{"text":"spirit","start":10221.39,"end":10221.87},{"text":"and","start":10222.03,"end":10222.27},{"text":"will","start":10222.27,"end":10222.51},{"text":"continue","start":10222.51,"end":10222.99},{"text":"to","start":10222.99,"end":10223.19},{"text":"do","start":10223.19,"end":10223.39},{"text":"so.","start":10223.39,"end":10223.71}]},{"text":"Should the working group decide to proceed with the principle presented at this session, Bangladesh would like to reserve its position on them in their entirety and will reflect on them in the light of the future discussion in the process.","start":10224.15,"end":10237.75,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. 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established."}],"words":[{"text":"Should","start":10224.15,"end":10224.39},{"text":"the","start":10224.39,"end":10224.47},{"text":"working","start":10224.47,"end":10224.87},{"text":"group","start":10224.87,"end":10225.11},{"text":"decide","start":10225.11,"end":10225.51},{"text":"to","start":10225.51,"end":10225.63},{"text":"proceed","start":10225.63,"end":10226.15},{"text":"with","start":10226.15,"end":10226.35},{"text":"the","start":10226.35,"end":10226.47},{"text":"principle","start":10226.47,"end":10227.03},{"text":"presented","start":10227.03,"end":10227.67},{"text":"at","start":10227.67,"end":10227.83},{"text":"this","start":10227.83,"end":10228.11},{"text":"session,","start":10228.11,"end":10228.55},{"text":"Bangladesh","start":10228.87,"end":10229.35},{"text":"would","start":10229.35,"end":10229.51},{"text":"like","start":10229.51,"end":10229.75},{"text":"to","start":10229.75,"end":10229.87},{"text":"reserve","start":10229.87,"end":10230.31},{"text":"its","start":10230.31,"end":10230.55},{"text":"position","start":10230.55,"end":10231.11},{"text":"on","start":10231.27,"end":10231.51},{"text":"them","start":10231.51,"end":10231.83},{"text":"in","start":10231.99,"end":10232.15},{"text":"their","start":10232.15,"end":10232.39},{"text":"entirety","start":10232.39,"end":10233.19},{"text":"and","start":10233.43,"end":10233.67},{"text":"will","start":10233.67,"end":10233.91},{"text":"reflect","start":10234.15,"end":10234.59},{"text":"on","start":10234.59,"end":10234.71},{"text":"them","start":10234.71,"end":10234.95},{"text":"in","start":10234.95,"end":10235.11},{"text":"the","start":10235.11,"end":10235.23},{"text":"light","start":10235.23,"end":10235.59},{"text":"of","start":10235.59,"end":10235.67},{"text":"the","start":10235.67,"end":10235.79},{"text":"future","start":10235.79,"end":10236.23},{"text":"discussion","start":10236.23,"end":10236.87},{"text":"in","start":10236.95,"end":10237.11},{"text":"the","start":10237.11,"end":10237.19},{"text":"process.","start":10237.19,"end":10237.75}]},{"text":"I thank you, Mr. Chair Rapporteur.","start":10237.99,"end":10239.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10237.99,"end":10238.15},{"text":"thank","start":10238.15,"end":10238.39},{"text":"you,","start":10238.39,"end":10238.47},{"text":"Mr.","start":10238.47,"end":10238.75},{"text":"Chair","start":10238.75,"end":10238.91},{"text":"Rapporteur.","start":10238.91,"end":10239.35}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"BGD","affiliation_full":"Bangladesh","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":46,"start":10241.99,"pageUrl":"/ru/asset/k1a/k1axh6e8yq?lang=en&t=10242","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much indeed.","start":10241.99,"end":10242.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10241.99,"end":10242.15},{"text":"you","start":10242.15,"end":10242.23},{"text":"very","start":10242.23,"end":10242.39},{"text":"much","start":10242.43,"end":10242.59},{"text":"indeed.","start":10242.59,"end":10242.95}]},{"text":"I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Peru to be followed by Belgium.","start":10243.11,"end":10247.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10243.11,"end":10243.27},{"text":"give","start":10243.31,"end":10243.47},{"text":"the","start":10243.47,"end":10243.59},{"text":"floor","start":10243.59,"end":10243.91},{"text":"to","start":10243.91,"end":10244.07},{"text":"the","start":10244.07,"end":10244.15},{"text":"distinguished","start":10244.15,"end":10244.71},{"text":"representative","start":10244.71,"end":10245.23},{"text":"of","start":10245.23,"end":10245.31},{"text":"Peru","start":10245.31,"end":10245.67},{"text":"to","start":10245.83,"end":10245.91},{"text":"be","start":10245.91,"end":10246.07},{"text":"followed","start":10246.07,"end":10246.31},{"text":"by","start":10246.31,"end":10246.55},{"text":"Belgium.","start":10246.55,"end":10247.07}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Samuel Safa","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair-Rapporteur"}},{"statement_number":47,"start":10250.67,"pageUrl":"/ru/asset/k1a/k1axh6e8yq?lang=en&t=10251","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Chairman.","start":10250.67,"end":10252.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10250.67,"end":10250.83},{"text":"you","start":10250.83,"end":10250.99},{"text":"very","start":10250.99,"end":10251.31},{"text":"much,","start":10251.31,"end":10251.75},{"text":"Chairman.","start":10251.75,"end":10252.27}]},{"text":"First, allow me to thank you for your leadership.","start":10252.35,"end":10255.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":10252.35,"end":10252.83},{"text":"allow","start":10252.83,"end":10253.03},{"text":"me","start":10253.03,"end":10253.19},{"text":"to","start":10253.19,"end":10253.27},{"text":"thank","start":10253.27,"end":10253.71},{"text":"you","start":10253.71,"end":10254.11},{"text":"for","start":10254.11,"end":10254.43},{"text":"your","start":10254.43,"end":10254.59},{"text":"leadership.","start":10254.59,"end":10255.23}]},{"text":"Thank you to the Secretariat and to the delegations and stakeholders for their rich contributions and discussions during this second session.","start":10255.31,"end":10262.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10255.31,"end":10255.59},{"text":"you","start":10255.59,"end":10255.67},{"text":"to","start":10255.67,"end":10255.75},{"text":"the","start":10255.75,"end":10255.83},{"text":"Secretariat","start":10255.83,"end":10256.67},{"text":"and","start":10256.67,"end":10256.83},{"text":"to","start":10256.83,"end":10256.91},{"text":"the","start":10256.91,"end":10257.03},{"text":"delegations","start":10257.03,"end":10257.87},{"text":"and","start":10257.91,"end":10258.19},{"text":"stakeholders","start":10258.67,"end":10259.39},{"text":"for","start":10259.39,"end":10259.55},{"text":"their","start":10259.55,"end":10259.79},{"text":"rich","start":10259.79,"end":10260.11},{"text":"contributions","start":10260.11,"end":10260.91},{"text":"and","start":10260.91,"end":10261.03},{"text":"discussions","start":10261.03,"end":10261.71},{"text":"during","start":10261.71,"end":10261.95},{"text":"this","start":10261.95,"end":10262.19},{"text":"second","start":10262.19,"end":10262.43},{"text":"session.","start":10262.43,"end":10262.91}]},{"text":"For my country, this process is of particular importance.","start":10263.15,"end":10266.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":10263.15,"end":10263.31},{"text":"my","start":10263.31,"end":10263.47},{"text":"country,","start":10263.47,"end":10263.79},{"text":"this","start":10263.79,"end":10264.03},{"text":"process","start":10264.03,"end":10264.91},{"text":"is","start":10264.91,"end":10265.03},{"text":"of","start":10265.03,"end":10265.15},{"text":"particular","start":10265.15,"end":10265.71},{"text":"importance.","start":10265.71,"end":10266.27}]},{"text":"We hope that it will lead to an ambitious instrument.","start":10266.51,"end":10270.27,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10266.51,"end":10266.67},{"text":"hope","start":10266.67,"end":10266.87},{"text":"that","start":10266.87,"end":10267.07},{"text":"it","start":10267.07,"end":10267.15},{"text":"will","start":10267.15,"end":10267.51},{"text":"lead","start":10267.51,"end":10267.87},{"text":"to","start":10268.35,"end":10268.79},{"text":"an","start":10268.79,"end":10268.91},{"text":"ambitious","start":10268.91,"end":10269.39},{"text":"instrument.","start":10269.39,"end":10270.27}]},{"text":"This bearing in mind that in many national systems, such as the Peruvian system, do offer broader protections.","start":10270.75,"end":10278.75,"topics":[{"key":"national-contexts","label":"National Contexts and Flexible Implementation","description":"Many delegations underlined that any future standard must be workable across different legal systems, education models, capacities, and development levels. The discussion often drew a distinction between having a common minimum right for all children and allowing states flexibility in how they implement that right."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":10270.75,"end":10271.15},{"text":"bearing","start":10271.15,"end":10271.43},{"text":"in","start":10271.43,"end":10271.55},{"text":"mind","start":10271.55,"end":10271.91},{"text":"that","start":10271.91,"end":10272.19},{"text":"in","start":10272.51,"end":10272.75},{"text":"many","start":10272.75,"end":10273.23},{"text":"national","start":10273.63,"end":10273.99},{"text":"systems,","start":10273.99,"end":10274.39},{"text":"such","start":10274.39,"end":10274.75},{"text":"as","start":10274.75,"end":10274.91},{"text":"the","start":10274.91,"end":10275.07},{"text":"Peruvian","start":10275.07,"end":10275.79},{"text":"system,","start":10275.79,"end":10276.27},{"text":"do","start":10276.43,"end":10277.15},{"text":"offer","start":10277.15,"end":10277.55},{"text":"broader","start":10277.55,"end":10278.03},{"text":"protections.","start":10278.03,"end":10278.75}]},{"text":"In the case of Peru, this establishes that the primary and secondary is obligatory and free.","start":10279.07,"end":10284.75,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10279.07,"end":10279.19},{"text":"the","start":10279.19,"end":10279.27},{"text":"case","start":10279.27,"end":10279.43},{"text":"of","start":10279.43,"end":10279.51},{"text":"Peru,","start":10279.51,"end":10279.75},{"text":"this","start":10279.75,"end":10279.95},{"text":"establishes","start":10279.95,"end":10280.67},{"text":"that","start":10280.67,"end":10280.99},{"text":"the","start":10280.99,"end":10281.19},{"text":"primary","start":10281.71,"end":10282.35},{"text":"and","start":10282.35,"end":10282.51},{"text":"secondary","start":10282.51,"end":10283.07},{"text":"is","start":10283.07,"end":10283.27},{"text":"obligatory","start":10283.27,"end":10284.03},{"text":"and","start":10284.03,"end":10284.27},{"text":"free.","start":10284.27,"end":10284.75}]},{"text":"Also, at early levels of school, there is, there are obligatory health nutrition.","start":10285.31,"end":10291.39,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."},{"key":"pre-primary-education","label":"Pre-Primary and Early Childhood Education","description":"Several statements highlighted early childhood care and education, especially the lack of explicit and binding guarantees for free pre-primary education in existing law. Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."}],"words":[{"text":"Also,","start":10285.31,"end":10285.87},{"text":"at","start":10285.87,"end":10286.19},{"text":"early","start":10286.51,"end":10286.99},{"text":"levels","start":10286.99,"end":10287.55},{"text":"of","start":10287.55,"end":10287.63},{"text":"school,","start":10287.63,"end":10288.19},{"text":"there","start":10288.19,"end":10288.51},{"text":"is,","start":10288.51,"end":10289.07},{"text":"there","start":10289.15,"end":10289.35},{"text":"are","start":10289.35,"end":10289.51},{"text":"obligatory","start":10289.51,"end":10290.11},{"text":"health","start":10290.11,"end":10290.51},{"text":"nutrition.","start":10290.51,"end":10291.39}]},{"text":"programs as well as school supplies provided.","start":10292.15,"end":10294.95,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."}],"words":[{"text":"programs","start":10292.15,"end":10292.71},{"text":"as","start":10292.71,"end":10292.87},{"text":"well","start":10292.87,"end":10293.19},{"text":"as","start":10293.27,"end":10293.43},{"text":"school","start":10293.43,"end":10293.83},{"text":"supplies","start":10293.83,"end":10294.39},{"text":"provided.","start":10294.39,"end":10294.95}]},{"text":"We also agree with the need to move ahead accelerating the process.","start":10295.27,"end":10299.19,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. 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nature.","start":10302.71,"end":10312.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10302.71,"end":10302.87},{"text":"particular,","start":10302.87,"end":10303.35},{"text":"we","start":10303.35,"end":10303.43},{"text":"support","start":10303.43,"end":10303.83},{"text":"the","start":10303.83,"end":10303.95},{"text":"ongoing","start":10304.15,"end":10304.71},{"text":"consultations","start":10304.71,"end":10305.59},{"text":"inter-sessionally","start":10305.59,"end":10306.79},{"text":"that","start":10306.95,"end":10307.11},{"text":"are","start":10307.11,"end":10307.19},{"text":"open,","start":10307.19,"end":10307.43},{"text":"transparent,","start":10307.43,"end":10308.23},{"text":"and","start":10308.23,"end":10308.35},{"text":"inclusive,","start":10308.35,"end":10309.03},{"text":"preserving","start":10309.75,"end":10310.31},{"text":"at","start":10310.31,"end":10310.39},{"text":"the","start":10310.39,"end":10310.51},{"text":"same","start":10310.51,"end":10310.79},{"text":"time","start":10310.79,"end":10311.19},{"text":"their","start":10311.51,"end":10311.75},{"text":"informal","start":10311.75,"end":10312.31},{"text":"nature.","start":10312.31,"end":10312.87}]},{"text":"Likewise, we appreciate the ongoing evaluation of key principles structurally, Chair, we appreciate a clear calendar for the next meetings, informal and formal alike, so that delegations can properly prepare, undertaking necessary internal 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toward the next discussions, Peru should like to reiterate numerous considerations that we believe should remain present.","start":10336.27,"end":10343.31,"topics":[{"key":"national-contexts","label":"National Contexts and Flexible Implementation","description":"Many delegations underlined that any future standard must be workable across different legal systems, education models, capacities, and development levels. 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The discussion often drew a distinction between having a common minimum right for all children and allowing states flexibility in how they implement that right."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":10344.67,"end":10345.19},{"text":"and","start":10345.19,"end":10345.35},{"text":"we","start":10345.35,"end":10345.47},{"text":"indicated","start":10345.47,"end":10346.07},{"text":"this","start":10346.07,"end":10346.51},{"text":"as","start":10346.67,"end":10346.91},{"text":"other","start":10346.91,"end":10347.19},{"text":"delegations","start":10347.19,"end":10347.87},{"text":"have","start":10347.87,"end":10348.19},{"text":"done,","start":10348.51,"end":10348.83},{"text":"the","start":10349.15,"end":10349.27},{"text":"terminology","start":10349.27,"end":10350.51},{"text":"should","start":10350.51,"end":10350.67},{"text":"adequately","start":10350.67,"end":10351.15},{"text":"reflect","start":10351.15,"end":10351.71},{"text":"the","start":10351.71,"end":10351.83},{"text":"diversity","start":10351.87,"end":10352.47},{"text":"of","start":10352.47,"end":10352.59},{"text":"national","start":10352.59,"end":10353.07},{"text":"education","start":10353.07,"end":10353.71},{"text":"systems.","start":10353.71,"end":10354.67}]},{"text":"Any future instrument should expressly preserve the possibility of states keeping or adopting standards that provide higher levels of protection.","start":10355.51,"end":10364.91,"topics":[{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. 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you very much.","start":10389.83,"end":10390.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10389.83,"end":10390.15},{"text":"you","start":10390.15,"end":10390.23},{"text":"very","start":10390.23,"end":10390.43},{"text":"much.","start":10390.43,"end":10390.79}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"PER","affiliation_full":"Peru","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":48,"start":10392.99,"pageUrl":"/ru/asset/k1a/k1axh6e8yq?lang=en&t=10393","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much indeed.","start":10392.99,"end":10393.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10392.99,"end":10393.15},{"text":"you","start":10393.15,"end":10393.23},{"text":"very","start":10393.23,"end":10393.39},{"text":"much","start":10393.39,"end":10393.55},{"text":"indeed.","start":10393.55,"end":10393.95}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to Belgium to be followed by Bulgaria, Uruguay and 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Buetter.","start":10837.71,"end":10840.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"At","start":10837.71,"end":10837.83},{"text":"this","start":10837.83,"end":10837.99},{"text":"stage,","start":10837.99,"end":10838.55},{"text":"we","start":10838.87,"end":10838.99},{"text":"have","start":10838.99,"end":10839.11},{"text":"a","start":10839.11,"end":10839.15},{"text":"question","start":10839.15,"end":10839.51},{"text":"for","start":10839.51,"end":10839.67},{"text":"Professor","start":10839.67,"end":10839.99},{"text":"Buetter.","start":10839.99,"end":10840.39}]},{"text":"First, let me commend Professor Buetter for the careful and extensive analysis and the consideration of the various options and issues that have been raised, which of course supplements your paper, which we also appreciated earlier this 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wonder how pronouncing it in English would be appropriate.","start":11006.19,"end":11009.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11006.19,"end":11006.43},{"text":"wonder","start":11006.43,"end":11006.75},{"text":"how","start":11006.75,"end":11007.07},{"text":"pronouncing","start":11007.55,"end":11008.03},{"text":"it","start":11008.03,"end":11008.19},{"text":"in","start":11008.19,"end":11008.27},{"text":"English","start":11008.27,"end":11008.63},{"text":"would","start":11008.63,"end":11008.75},{"text":"be","start":11008.75,"end":11008.87},{"text":"appropriate.","start":11008.87,"end":11009.47}]},{"text":"All right, a joint statement with the Global Campaign for Education, Compana Latinoamericana por el Derecho a la 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hope that's correct, please forgive me.","start":11022.59,"end":11024.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11022.59,"end":11022.67},{"text":"hope","start":11022.67,"end":11022.79},{"text":"that's","start":11022.79,"end":11023.07},{"text":"correct,","start":11023.07,"end":11023.31},{"text":"please","start":11023.31,"end":11023.71},{"text":"forgive","start":11023.71,"end":11024.03},{"text":"me.","start":11024.03,"end":11024.27}]},{"text":"And that will be followed by Human Rights Watch, Global Forum for the Defense of the Less Privileged, and OMEP will be the final ECOSOC on the 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then we would have the suspensions before we close.","start":11038.63,"end":11041.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":11038.63,"end":11038.83},{"text":"then","start":11038.83,"end":11039.03},{"text":"we","start":11039.03,"end":11039.11},{"text":"would","start":11039.11,"end":11039.23},{"text":"have","start":11039.23,"end":11039.51},{"text":"the","start":11039.51,"end":11039.59},{"text":"suspensions","start":11039.59,"end":11040.31},{"text":"before","start":11040.31,"end":11040.63},{"text":"we","start":11040.63,"end":11040.71},{"text":"close.","start":11040.71,"end":11041.03}]},{"text":"But in the event we are unable then, when we resume, we'll certainly come back to 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please.","start":11045.51,"end":11049.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":11045.51,"end":11045.67},{"text":"we","start":11045.67,"end":11045.79},{"text":"go","start":11045.79,"end":11045.99},{"text":"with","start":11045.99,"end":11046.19},{"text":"the","start":11046.19,"end":11046.27},{"text":"first,","start":11046.27,"end":11046.63},{"text":"International","start":11047.19,"end":11047.79},{"text":"Disability","start":11047.79,"end":11048.27},{"text":"Alliance,","start":11048.27,"end":11048.87},{"text":"please.","start":11048.87,"end":11049.35}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Samuel Safa","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair-Rapporteur"}},{"statement_number":57,"start":11053.67,"pageUrl":"/ru/asset/k1a/k1axh6e8yq?lang=en&t=11054","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Distinguished Chair and esteemed delegates, we want to say that we currently, as the International Disability Alliance, still want to underscore the challenges that we have for children with disabilities to exercise and enforce their right to inclusive education in many countries across the world.","start":11053.67,"end":11076.03,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":11053.67,"end":11054.27},{"text":"Chair","start":11054.27,"end":11054.47},{"text":"and","start":11054.47,"end":11054.79},{"text":"esteemed","start":11054.79,"end":11055.15},{"text":"delegates,","start":11055.15,"end":11055.91},{"text":"we","start":11056.39,"end":11056.47},{"text":"want","start":11056.47,"end":11056.75},{"text":"to","start":11056.75,"end":11056.83},{"text":"say","start":11056.83,"end":11057.11},{"text":"that","start":11057.11,"end":11057.51},{"text":"we","start":11057.91,"end":11058.07},{"text":"currently,","start":11058.07,"end":11058.71},{"text":"as","start":11058.71,"end":11059.03},{"text":"the","start":11059.03,"end":11059.19},{"text":"International","start":11059.19,"end":11059.91},{"text":"Disability","start":11059.91,"end":11060.47},{"text":"Alliance,","start":11060.47,"end":11061.19},{"text":"still","start":11061.79,"end":11062.27},{"text":"want","start":11062.27,"end":11062.71},{"text":"to","start":11062.71,"end":11062.79},{"text":"underscore","start":11062.83,"end":11063.71},{"text":"the","start":11064.19,"end":11064.31},{"text":"challenges","start":11064.51,"end":11065.31},{"text":"that","start":11065.31,"end":11065.55},{"text":"we","start":11065.55,"end":11065.71},{"text":"have","start":11065.71,"end":11066.19},{"text":"for","start":11066.43,"end":11066.99},{"text":"children","start":11066.99,"end":11067.47},{"text":"with","start":11067.47,"end":11067.59},{"text":"disabilities","start":11067.59,"end":11068.59},{"text":"to","start":11069.07,"end":11069.19},{"text":"exercise","start":11069.23,"end":11070.11},{"text":"and","start":11070.59,"end":11070.99},{"text":"enforce","start":11071.07,"end":11071.71},{"text":"their","start":11071.71,"end":11071.99},{"text":"right","start":11071.99,"end":11072.47},{"text":"to","start":11072.47,"end":11072.55},{"text":"inclusive","start":11072.55,"end":11073.11},{"text":"education","start":11073.11,"end":11073.87},{"text":"in","start":11074.19,"end":11074.35},{"text":"many","start":11074.35,"end":11074.59},{"text":"countries","start":11074.59,"end":11075.15},{"text":"across","start":11075.15,"end":11075.47},{"text":"the","start":11075.47,"end":11075.59},{"text":"world.","start":11075.59,"end":11076.03}]},{"text":"As we go through this process, the exploratory process of the fourth protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, we urge that attention, further attention be given to the rights and needs of children with disabilities.","start":11076.59,"end":11093.75,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. 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Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":11345.51,"end":11345.67},{"text":"low","start":11345.67,"end":11345.99},{"text":"income","start":11346.07,"end":11346.59},{"text":"and","start":11346.59,"end":11346.71},{"text":"the","start":11346.71,"end":11346.79},{"text":"least","start":11346.79,"end":11347.35},{"text":"developed","start":11347.35,"end":11347.99},{"text":"countries","start":11347.99,"end":11348.55},{"text":"from","start":11348.55,"end":11349.07},{"text":"middle,","start":11349.07,"end":11349.43},{"text":"and","start":11350.39,"end":11350.55},{"text":"the","start":11350.55,"end":11350.71},{"text":"least","start":11350.71,"end":11351.07},{"text":"developed","start":11351.07,"end":11351.55},{"text":"communities","start":11351.59,"end":11352.39},{"text":"from","start":11352.39,"end":11352.59},{"text":"middle","start":11352.59,"end":11352.91},{"text":"income","start":11352.91,"end":11353.27},{"text":"countries,","start":11353.27,"end":11353.83},{"text":"children","start":11354.15,"end":11354.71},{"text":"from","start":11354.71,"end":11354.95},{"text":"the","start":11354.95,"end":11355.03},{"text":"wealthiest","start":11355.03,"end":11355.87},{"text":"households","start":11355.91,"end":11357.11},{"text":"are","start":11357.11,"end":11357.51},{"text":"eight","start":11358.23,"end":11358.67},{"text":"times","start":11358.67,"end":11359.03},{"text":"more","start":11359.03,"end":11359.27},{"text":"likely","start":11359.27,"end":11359.75},{"text":"to","start":11359.75,"end":11359.87},{"text":"participate","start":11359.87,"end":11360.63},{"text":"in","start":11360.63,"end":11360.79},{"text":"early","start":11360.87,"end":11361.19},{"text":"childhood","start":11361.19,"end":11361.71},{"text":"education","start":11361.71,"end":11362.31},{"text":"than","start":11362.31,"end":11362.55},{"text":"those","start":11362.55,"end":11362.95},{"text":"from","start":11362.95,"end":11363.15},{"text":"the","start":11363.15,"end":11363.27},{"text":"poorest","start":11363.27,"end":11363.75},{"text":"households.","start":11363.75,"end":11364.47}]},{"text":"with cost barriers disproportionately affecting disadvantaged families.","start":11364.87,"end":11369.19,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."}],"words":[{"text":"with","start":11364.87,"end":11365.11},{"text":"cost","start":11365.11,"end":11365.55},{"text":"barriers","start":11365.55,"end":11366.19},{"text":"disproportionately","start":11366.19,"end":11367.19},{"text":"affecting","start":11367.19,"end":11367.75},{"text":"disadvantaged","start":11367.75,"end":11368.47},{"text":"families.","start":11368.47,"end":11369.19}]},{"text":"This reinforces segregation.","start":11369.43,"end":11371.35,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":11369.43,"end":11369.67},{"text":"reinforces","start":11369.67,"end":11370.35},{"text":"segregation.","start":11370.35,"end":11371.35}]},{"text":"Those who can afford to pay have access while the poorest are left behind.","start":11371.59,"end":11376.95,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."}],"words":[{"text":"Those","start":11371.59,"end":11371.99},{"text":"who","start":11371.99,"end":11372.15},{"text":"can","start":11372.15,"end":11372.63},{"text":"afford","start":11372.63,"end":11373.35},{"text":"to","start":11373.35,"end":11373.47},{"text":"pay","start":11373.47,"end":11373.83},{"text":"have","start":11373.83,"end":11374.07},{"text":"access","start":11374.07,"end":11374.59},{"text":"while","start":11374.59,"end":11374.95},{"text":"the","start":11374.95,"end":11375.11},{"text":"poorest","start":11375.11,"end":11375.75},{"text":"are","start":11375.75,"end":11375.99},{"text":"left","start":11375.99,"end":11376.31},{"text":"behind.","start":11376.31,"end":11376.95}]},{"text":"Chronic underfunding remains a major barrier that must overcome sustainability.","start":11377.43,"end":11382.71,"topics":[{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Cooperation","description":"Financing was a major topic, both in relation to states’ domestic capacity and to international support. Speakers discussed UN liquidity constraints, national budget pressures, tax and debt issues, and whether international cooperation obligations should help states expand free education without creating unmanageable burdens."}],"words":[{"text":"Chronic","start":11377.43,"end":11377.91},{"text":"underfunding","start":11377.91,"end":11378.71},{"text":"remains","start":11378.71,"end":11379.15},{"text":"a","start":11379.15,"end":11379.19},{"text":"major","start":11379.19,"end":11379.67},{"text":"barrier","start":11379.67,"end":11380.31},{"text":"that","start":11380.31,"end":11380.55},{"text":"must","start":11380.55,"end":11380.87},{"text":"overcome","start":11380.87,"end":11381.51},{"text":"sustainability.","start":11381.51,"end":11382.71}]},{"text":"Today half of low income countries spend more on debt servicing than on education.","start":11383.11,"end":11389.35,"topics":[{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Cooperation","description":"Financing was a major topic, both in relation to states’ domestic capacity and to international support. Speakers discussed UN liquidity constraints, national budget pressures, tax and debt issues, and whether international cooperation obligations should help states expand free education without creating unmanageable burdens."}],"words":[{"text":"Today","start":11383.11,"end":11383.51},{"text":"half","start":11383.51,"end":11383.83},{"text":"of","start":11383.83,"end":11383.99},{"text":"low","start":11383.99,"end":11384.23},{"text":"income","start":11384.23,"end":11384.71},{"text":"countries","start":11384.71,"end":11385.75},{"text":"spend","start":11386.07,"end":11386.47},{"text":"more","start":11386.47,"end":11386.83},{"text":"on","start":11386.83,"end":11386.95},{"text":"debt","start":11386.95,"end":11387.27},{"text":"servicing","start":11387.27,"end":11388.07},{"text":"than","start":11388.07,"end":11388.31},{"text":"on","start":11388.31,"end":11388.39},{"text":"education.","start":11388.39,"end":11389.35}]},{"text":"educating their children.","start":11390.11,"end":11391.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"educating","start":11390.11,"end":11390.79},{"text":"their","start":11390.79,"end":11391.03},{"text":"children.","start":11391.03,"end":11391.67}]},{"text":"We notice as well the expansion of private and commercial provision, particularly in early childhood education, risking reinforcing inequalities when access and quality depends on family's ability to pay.","start":11392.15,"end":11406.79,"topics":[{"key":"free-education-costs","label":"Free Education and Hidden Costs","description":"Many interventions focused on what “free education” should mean in practice, stressing that tuition-free schooling is not enough if families still face costs for uniforms, transport, meals, textbooks, exams, or supplies. Speakers argued that these direct and indirect costs are major barriers to access, retention, and equality."},{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":11392.15,"end":11392.39},{"text":"notice","start":11392.39,"end":11393.11},{"text":"as","start":11393.11,"end":11393.43},{"text":"well","start":11393.43,"end":11393.83},{"text":"the","start":11393.83,"end":11393.95},{"text":"expansion","start":11393.95,"end":11394.71},{"text":"of","start":11394.71,"end":11394.87},{"text":"private","start":11394.87,"end":11395.47},{"text":"and","start":11395.47,"end":11395.59},{"text":"commercial","start":11395.59,"end":11396.19},{"text":"provision,","start":11396.19,"end":11396.95},{"text":"particularly","start":11397.19,"end":11398.07},{"text":"in","start":11398.07,"end":11398.31},{"text":"early","start":11398.31,"end":11398.63},{"text":"childhood","start":11398.63,"end":11399.15},{"text":"education,","start":11399.15,"end":11399.99},{"text":"risking","start":11399.99,"end":11400.55},{"text":"reinforcing","start":11400.55,"end":11401.35},{"text":"inequalities","start":11401.75,"end":11402.79},{"text":"when","start":11402.79,"end":11403.11},{"text":"access","start":11403.11,"end":11403.67},{"text":"and","start":11403.67,"end":11403.83},{"text":"quality","start":11403.83,"end":11404.35},{"text":"depends","start":11404.35,"end":11404.83},{"text":"on","start":11404.83,"end":11404.95},{"text":"family's","start":11404.95,"end":11405.59},{"text":"ability","start":11405.59,"end":11406.15},{"text":"to","start":11406.15,"end":11406.35},{"text":"pay.","start":11406.35,"end":11406.79}]},{"text":"Where public provision is insufficient, education can become increasingly stratified with children from wealthier family accessing better resources services while disadvantaged children are excluded or concentrated in lower quality provision.","start":11407.31,"end":11424.47,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."}],"words":[{"text":"Where","start":11407.31,"end":11407.75},{"text":"public","start":11407.75,"end":11408.31},{"text":"provision","start":11408.31,"end":11408.95},{"text":"is","start":11408.95,"end":11409.11},{"text":"insufficient,","start":11409.11,"end":11410.23},{"text":"education","start":11410.23,"end":11410.95},{"text":"can","start":11410.95,"end":11411.19},{"text":"become","start":11411.19,"end":11411.59},{"text":"increasingly","start":11411.59,"end":11412.23},{"text":"stratified","start":11412.23,"end":11413.27},{"text":"with","start":11413.43,"end":11413.71},{"text":"children","start":11413.71,"end":11414.31},{"text":"from","start":11414.31,"end":11414.55},{"text":"wealthier","start":11414.63,"end":11415.19},{"text":"family","start":11415.19,"end":11415.67},{"text":"accessing","start":11415.67,"end":11416.27},{"text":"better","start":11416.27,"end":11416.67},{"text":"resources","start":11416.67,"end":11417.23},{"text":"services","start":11417.23,"end":11417.99},{"text":"while","start":11418.23,"end":11418.79},{"text":"disadvantaged","start":11418.79,"end":11419.43},{"text":"children","start":11419.43,"end":11419.91},{"text":"are","start":11419.91,"end":11420.23},{"text":"excluded","start":11420.23,"end":11421.11},{"text":"or","start":11421.35,"end":11421.59},{"text":"concentrated","start":11421.59,"end":11422.39},{"text":"in","start":11422.39,"end":11422.63},{"text":"lower","start":11422.63,"end":11423.19},{"text":"quality","start":11423.19,"end":11423.75},{"text":"provision.","start":11423.75,"end":11424.47}]},{"text":"In the case of secondary education, although there's already a substantial normative basis for the right to education, implementation remains extremely uneven.","start":11424.87,"end":11435.03,"topics":[{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. This included concerns about disability inclusion, gender discrimination, displacement, conflict, poor infrastructure, weak teaching quality, and the need for child-centered learning environments."},{"key":"national-contexts","label":"National Contexts and Flexible Implementation","description":"Many delegations underlined that any future standard must be workable across different legal systems, education models, capacities, and development levels. The discussion often drew a distinction between having a common minimum right for all children and allowing states flexibility in how they implement that right."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":11424.87,"end":11424.95},{"text":"the","start":11424.95,"end":11425.07},{"text":"case","start":11425.07,"end":11425.31},{"text":"of","start":11425.39,"end":11425.51},{"text":"secondary","start":11425.51,"end":11426.35},{"text":"education,","start":11426.35,"end":11427.11},{"text":"although","start":11427.11,"end":11427.59},{"text":"there's","start":11427.59,"end":11427.95},{"text":"already","start":11427.95,"end":11428.39},{"text":"a","start":11428.39,"end":11428.43},{"text":"substantial","start":11428.43,"end":11429.11},{"text":"normative","start":11429.11,"end":11429.75},{"text":"basis","start":11429.75,"end":11430.23},{"text":"for","start":11430.23,"end":11430.39},{"text":"the","start":11430.39,"end":11430.47},{"text":"right","start":11430.47,"end":11430.75},{"text":"to","start":11430.75,"end":11430.83},{"text":"education,","start":11430.83,"end":11431.59},{"text":"implementation","start":11431.83,"end":11432.79},{"text":"remains","start":11432.79,"end":11433.43},{"text":"extremely","start":11433.43,"end":11434.39},{"text":"uneven.","start":11434.47,"end":11435.03}]},{"text":"Stronger international obligations can provide another important tool to push for better laws, adequate budgets and effective delivery, particularly from children living in crisis settings, girls, children with disabilities and those facing intersecting forms of discrimination and exclusion.","start":11435.83,"end":11456.31,"topics":[{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."},{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Cooperation","description":"Financing was a major topic, both in relation to states’ domestic capacity and to international support. Speakers discussed UN liquidity constraints, national budget pressures, tax and debt issues, and whether international cooperation obligations should help states expand free education without creating unmanageable burdens."},{"key":"inclusive-quality-education","label":"Inclusive and Quality Education","description":"Participants stressed that access alone is insufficient unless education is also inclusive, equitable, and of good quality. 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want to seize the opportunity to thank Professor Beta for his presentation and indeed all delegations, including stakeholders, for their support and constructive engagement.","start":11707.43,"end":11718.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11707.43,"end":11707.51},{"text":"want","start":11707.51,"end":11707.71},{"text":"to","start":11707.71,"end":11707.79},{"text":"seize","start":11707.79,"end":11708.03},{"text":"the","start":11708.03,"end":11708.11},{"text":"opportunity","start":11708.11,"end":11708.59},{"text":"to","start":11708.67,"end":11708.75},{"text":"thank","start":11708.79,"end":11709.27},{"text":"Professor","start":11709.31,"end":11709.67},{"text":"Beta","start":11709.67,"end":11710.15},{"text":"for","start":11710.79,"end":11711.03},{"text":"his","start":11711.03,"end":11711.19},{"text":"presentation","start":11711.19,"end":11711.79},{"text":"and","start":11711.79,"end":11711.95},{"text":"indeed","start":11711.95,"end":11712.39},{"text":"all","start":11712.79,"end":11713.03},{"text":"delegations,","start":11713.03,"end":11713.71},{"text":"including","start":11713.71,"end":11714.15},{"text":"stakeholders,","start":11714.15,"end":11714.95},{"text":"for","start":11715.43,"end":11715.67},{"text":"their","start":11715.67,"end":11715.83},{"text":"support","start":11715.83,"end":11716.23},{"text":"and","start":11716.51,"end":11716.67},{"text":"constructive","start":11716.67,"end":11717.31},{"text":"engagement.","start":11717.35,"end":11718.07}]},{"text":"This morning session is hereby closed.","start":11718.71,"end":11721.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":11718.71,"end":11719.03},{"text":"morning","start":11719.03,"end":11719.31},{"text":"session","start":11719.31,"end":11719.83},{"text":"is","start":11720.07,"end":11720.27},{"text":"hereby","start":11720.27,"end":11720.55},{"text":"closed.","start":11720.55,"end":11721.03}]},{"text":"Thank you, Paul.","start":11724.79,"end":11725.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":11724.79,"end":11724.99},{"text":"you,","start":11724.99,"end":11725.11},{"text":"Paul.","start":11725.11,"end":11725.27}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Samuel Safa","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Chair-Rapporteur"}}],"topics":[{"key":"national-contexts","label":"National Contexts and Flexible Implementation","description":"Many delegations underlined that any future standard must be workable across different legal systems, education models, capacities, and development 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The discussion often drew a distinction between having a common minimum right for all children and allowing states flexibility in how they implement that right."},{"key":"child-participation","label":"Children’s Participation in Decision-Making","description":"A recurring theme was the importance of meaningful participation by children in shaping any future education instrument. Speakers argued that children should not only be consulted symbolically, but should continue to influence the process because the outcomes will directly affect their lives."},{"key":"education-financing","label":"Education Financing and International Cooperation","description":"Financing was a major topic, both in relation to states’ domestic capacity and to international support. 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Speakers emphasized that early learning is crucial for children’s development, school readiness, and long-term equality of opportunity."},{"key":"optional-protocol-need","label":"Need for a New Optional Protocol","description":"A central debate concerned whether there is a genuine legal gap in the current international framework on children’s right to education and whether a fourth Optional Protocol to the CRC would add value. Some speakers urged moving toward drafting, while others argued the process should remain exploratory until the necessity, scope, and implications of a new instrument are more clearly established."},{"key":"monitoring-and-reporting","label":"Monitoring, Reporting, and Treaty Design","description":"Delegates debated how any new instrument should relate to existing CRC mechanisms, including monitoring, implementation, and reporting obligations. 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