{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/ru/asset/k1l/k1l6iararx?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/ru/asset/k1l/k1l6iararx.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k1l/k1l6iararx","kaltura_id":"1_l6iararx","title":"Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on the United Nations Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation - First Substantive Session 2025, 5th meeting","clean_title":"Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on the United Nations Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation - First Substantive Session 2025, 5th meeting","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1l/k1l6iararx","date":"2025-08-06T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2025-08-06T14:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"01:52:13","category":"General Assembly","body":"General Assembly","event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":null,"pv_symbol":null,"pv_part":null,"slug":"asset/k1l/k1l6iararx"},"metadata":{"summary":"The First Substantive Session 2025 will take place at UN Headquarters in New York from 4 to 8 August.","description":"Discussion on Commitments under the Framework Convention: Fair allocation of taxing rights, including equitable taxation of multinational enterprises\n***\nThe United Nations General Assembly has established an Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) to draft a United Nations Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation and two early protocols.\nThe United Nations Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation is a proposed international legal instrument aimed at improving global tax cooperation.\nThis Member State-led process will run from 2025 to 2027, with the aim of developing a framework convention that leads to fully inclusive and more effective international tax cooperation.","categories":["Meetings & Events","General 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the committee will continue its deliberation of Item 4, Framework Convention, and we're gonna start We're going to resume our discussions actually today on the issue notes of the Workstream 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I don't prefer long introductions.","start":76.49,"end":79.652,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":76.49,"end":76.875},{"text":"I","start":77.678,"end":77.79},{"text":"don't","start":78.224,"end":78.4},{"text":"prefer","start":78.4,"end":78.785},{"text":"long","start":78.785,"end":78.93},{"text":"introductions.","start":79.026,"end":79.652}]},{"text":"I would prefer to go directly to the discussion.","start":79.909,"end":81.835,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":79.909,"end":79.925},{"text":"would","start":79.989,"end":80.086},{"text":"prefer","start":80.086,"end":80.439},{"text":"to","start":80.663,"end":80.76},{"text":"go","start":80.952,"end":81.193},{"text":"directly","start":81.193,"end":81.53},{"text":"to","start":81.53,"end":81.562},{"text":"the","start":81.562,"end":81.595},{"text":"discussion.","start":81.595,"end":81.835}]},{"text":"Questions and open the floor to resume receiving the interventions and comments on this topic and how countries see this commitment should look like, what it should include, what level of 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we have a certain language for this in the TOR, but I think in the convention we need to go a little bit further and elaborate more in this convention— in this 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here we are trying to hear two different perspectives, what countries are looking for or what they are expecting to see in the commitments that will come on the criminal convention under this item, because the purpose of this plenary is to get the directions from the member states so in the next phase when we are starting to to draft the text, we know exactly what is the direction and how we can move forward and come with something within the expectations of the member states so we can discuss it in Nairobi and in the following 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Others warned that language that is too general could become vague and make it harder for governments to understand what they are signing up to."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":403.962,"end":404.108},{"text":"are","start":404.108,"end":404.189},{"text":"on","start":404.189,"end":404.253},{"text":"the","start":404.27,"end":404.334},{"text":"way","start":404.367,"end":404.69},{"text":"to","start":404.771,"end":404.933},{"text":"to","start":404.85,"end":404.882},{"text":"that","start":404.882,"end":405.01},{"text":"goal,","start":405.042,"end":405.331},{"text":"but","start":405.924,"end":406.197},{"text":"it","start":406.245,"end":406.39},{"text":"is","start":406.39,"end":406.454},{"text":"not","start":406.566,"end":406.839},{"text":"necessary","start":406.871,"end":407.449},{"text":"to","start":407.529,"end":407.705},{"text":"apply","start":407.705,"end":408.026},{"text":"the","start":408.892,"end":409.037},{"text":"languages","start":409.037,"end":409.502},{"text":"like","start":409.679,"end":410.016},{"text":"urge","start":410.962,"end":411.315},{"text":"parties","start":411.54,"end":412.069},{"text":"to","start":412.566,"end":412.663},{"text":"do","start":412.743,"end":412.839},{"text":"something","start":413,"end":413.401},{"text":"or","start":413.529,"end":413.561},{"text":"not.","start":413.561,"end":413.866}]},{"text":"Because at the end of the day, I think whether to agree or not will be subject to every member state sovereign right to decide, which is reflected in paragraph 9, so paragraph B. That's the first comment.","start":414.829,"end":428.931,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Because","start":414.829,"end":415.165},{"text":"at","start":415.374,"end":415.534},{"text":"the","start":415.534,"end":415.631},{"text":"end","start":415.855,"end":415.968},{"text":"of","start":416.096,"end":416.176},{"text":"the","start":416.176,"end":416.369},{"text":"day,","start":416.369,"end":416.545},{"text":"I","start":416.898,"end":417.059},{"text":"think","start":417.059,"end":417.187},{"text":"whether","start":417.7,"end":418.021},{"text":"to","start":418.021,"end":418.085},{"text":"agree","start":418.134,"end":418.374},{"text":"or","start":418.438,"end":418.519},{"text":"not","start":418.519,"end":418.775},{"text":"will","start":418.92,"end":419},{"text":"be","start":419,"end":419.096},{"text":"subject","start":419.096,"end":419.545},{"text":"to","start":419.545,"end":419.722},{"text":"every","start":420.107,"end":420.331},{"text":"member","start":420.588,"end":421.005},{"text":"state","start":421.102,"end":421.503},{"text":"sovereign","start":421.663,"end":421.968},{"text":"right","start":422.032,"end":422.305},{"text":"to","start":422.513,"end":422.578},{"text":"decide,","start":422.61,"end":423.059},{"text":"which","start":423.973,"end":424.102},{"text":"is","start":424.455,"end":424.583},{"text":"reflected","start":424.679,"end":425.193},{"text":"in","start":425.193,"end":425.289},{"text":"paragraph","start":425.417,"end":425.834},{"text":"9,","start":425.834,"end":426.139},{"text":"so","start":426.219,"end":426.38},{"text":"paragraph","start":426.38,"end":426.717},{"text":"B.","start":426.781,"end":427.022},{"text":"That's","start":427.744,"end":427.872},{"text":"the","start":427.984,"end":428.08},{"text":"first","start":428.08,"end":428.449},{"text":"comment.","start":428.449,"end":428.931}]},{"text":"The second comment is It's a question, actually, the concept of business activities.","start":429.027,"end":434.366,"topics":[{"key":"tax-nexus-terminology","label":"Tax Nexus and Value Creation","description":"Several interventions focused on the wording used to identify where taxing rights arise, especially the terms business activity, economic activity, value creation, and revenue generation. Delegations stressed that the choice of terminology matters because it affects how tax bases, sourcing rules, and thresholds would later be interpreted."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":429.027,"end":429.107},{"text":"second","start":429.107,"end":429.508},{"text":"comment","start":429.573,"end":430.086},{"text":"is","start":430.15,"end":430.198},{"text":"It's","start":431.257,"end":431.369},{"text":"a","start":431.369,"end":431.433},{"text":"question,","start":431.433,"end":431.962},{"text":"actually,","start":432.154,"end":432.523},{"text":"the","start":432.635,"end":432.795},{"text":"concept","start":432.795,"end":433.212},{"text":"of","start":433.212,"end":433.404},{"text":"business","start":433.421,"end":433.869},{"text":"activities.","start":433.917,"end":434.366}]},{"text":"I think already mentioned by some other colleagues in the previous discussions, the definition or the notion of business activity under the name of business activity or economic activities, whether it will include those activities in the traditional business or that in the new model business.","start":434.703,"end":454.675,"topics":[{"key":"tax-nexus-terminology","label":"Tax Nexus and Value Creation","description":"Several interventions focused on the wording used to identify where taxing rights arise, especially the terms business activity, economic activity, value creation, and revenue generation. Delegations stressed that the choice of terminology matters because it affects how tax bases, sourcing rules, and thresholds would later be interpreted."},{"key":"digital-services-taxation","label":"Digital Economy and Cross-Border Services","description":"Speakers highlighted the need for the convention to address taxation in a digitalized and globalized economy, including cross-border services and situations with no physical presence. The discussion emphasized that traditional tax concepts may not capture modern business models or digital income effectively."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":434.703,"end":434.719},{"text":"think","start":434.719,"end":434.863},{"text":"already","start":434.863,"end":435.168},{"text":"mentioned","start":435.921,"end":436.29},{"text":"by","start":436.402,"end":436.514},{"text":"some","start":436.578,"end":436.819},{"text":"other","start":436.867,"end":436.963},{"text":"colleagues","start":437.027,"end":437.412},{"text":"in","start":438.085,"end":438.165},{"text":"the","start":438.165,"end":438.245},{"text":"previous","start":438.245,"end":438.55},{"text":"discussions,","start":438.55,"end":439.095},{"text":"the","start":440.073,"end":440.265},{"text":"definition","start":440.57,"end":441.099},{"text":"or","start":441.227,"end":441.291},{"text":"the","start":441.291,"end":441.371},{"text":"notion","start":441.371,"end":441.82},{"text":"of","start":441.836,"end":441.932},{"text":"business","start":441.932,"end":442.397},{"text":"activity","start":442.397,"end":443.102},{"text":"under","start":443.214,"end":443.359},{"text":"the","start":443.375,"end":443.471},{"text":"name","start":443.471,"end":443.647},{"text":"of","start":443.759,"end":443.856},{"text":"business","start":443.856,"end":444.32},{"text":"activity","start":444.32,"end":444.705},{"text":"or","start":444.881,"end":445.042},{"text":"economic","start":445.058,"end":445.443},{"text":"activities,","start":445.443,"end":445.907},{"text":"whether","start":446.645,"end":446.869},{"text":"it","start":446.901,"end":446.981},{"text":"will","start":446.981,"end":447.206},{"text":"include","start":447.286,"end":447.991},{"text":"those","start":448.103,"end":448.392},{"text":"activities","start":448.584,"end":449.113},{"text":"in","start":449.306,"end":449.434},{"text":"the","start":449.53,"end":450.347},{"text":"traditional","start":450.652,"end":451.181},{"text":"business","start":451.213,"end":451.646},{"text":"or","start":452.495,"end":452.688},{"text":"that","start":452.752,"end":453.008},{"text":"in","start":453.217,"end":453.441},{"text":"the","start":453.553,"end":453.73},{"text":"new","start":453.73,"end":454.002},{"text":"model","start":454.002,"end":454.275},{"text":"business.","start":454.275,"end":454.675}]},{"text":"I think we should have a consistent wording on that.","start":455.381,"end":457.881,"topics":[{"key":"tax-nexus-terminology","label":"Tax Nexus and Value Creation","description":"Several interventions focused on the wording used to identify where taxing rights arise, especially the terms business activity, economic activity, value creation, and revenue generation. Delegations stressed that the choice of terminology matters because it affects how tax bases, sourcing rules, and thresholds would later be interpreted."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":455.381,"end":455.557},{"text":"think","start":455.557,"end":455.797},{"text":"we","start":455.797,"end":455.878},{"text":"should","start":455.878,"end":456.086},{"text":"have","start":456.102,"end":456.358},{"text":"a","start":456.358,"end":456.375},{"text":"consistent","start":456.439,"end":457.16},{"text":"wording","start":457.224,"end":457.448},{"text":"on","start":457.561,"end":457.609},{"text":"that.","start":457.721,"end":457.881}]},{"text":"And more importantly, a consistent understanding and position on that.","start":458.122,"end":462.302,"topics":[{"key":"tax-nexus-terminology","label":"Tax Nexus and Value Creation","description":"Several interventions focused on the wording used to identify where taxing rights arise, especially the terms business activity, economic activity, value creation, and revenue generation. 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Chair, and We did take the floor yesterday and we did make our comments, so our comments today are more to create a further discussion, if possible, which we— because we believe that without that we will not be able to get to a meaningful conclusion of the work over 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yes, I agree with my distinguished delegate from China who spoke about the use of the word urge, because eventually these commitments are a call to 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it is something that we agree to do.","start":714.102,"end":716.672,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":714.102,"end":714.264},{"text":"it","start":714.345,"end":714.458},{"text":"is","start":714.458,"end":714.571},{"text":"something","start":714.603,"end":714.975},{"text":"that","start":715.007,"end":715.525},{"text":"we","start":715.654,"end":715.8},{"text":"agree","start":715.88,"end":716.285},{"text":"to","start":716.285,"end":716.446},{"text":"do.","start":716.446,"end":716.672}]},{"text":"So I think the commitment should simply say that the party— I mean, this is a suggestion that the parties to the convention agree to a fair allocation of taxing, right, recognizing that every jurisdiction should share the taxing rights based on where economic activity occurs, value is created, or where revenues are generated.","start":717.287,"end":737.148,"topics":[{"key":"fair-allocation","label":"Fair Allocation of Taxing Rights","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed fair 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Delegations debated whether these should guide the convention as general principles, be repeated inside specific commitments, or be developed further in protocols."},{"key":"tax-certainty-investment","label":"Tax Certainty and Investment Effects","description":"Delegations discussed the risk that unclear or overly complex rules could create double taxation, overtaxation, disputes, and uncertainty. 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Others warned that language that is too general could become vague and make it harder for governments to understand what they are signing up to."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1484.021,"end":1484.085},{"text":"one","start":1484.262,"end":1484.374},{"text":"last","start":1484.422,"end":1484.615},{"text":"question","start":1484.647,"end":1484.872},{"text":"that","start":1484.904,"end":1485.145},{"text":"I","start":1485.145,"end":1485.161},{"text":"would","start":1485.37,"end":1485.466},{"text":"like","start":1485.466,"end":1485.578},{"text":"to","start":1485.932,"end":1486.317},{"text":"We","start":1487.624,"end":1487.721},{"text":"are","start":1487.9,"end":1488.029},{"text":"talking","start":1488.029,"end":1488.289},{"text":"about","start":1488.289,"end":1488.532},{"text":"future-proofing","start":1488.776,"end":1489.717},{"text":"the","start":1490.236,"end":1490.512},{"text":"commitments","start":1491.599,"end":1492.281},{"text":"on","start":1492.897,"end":1492.962},{"text":"this","start":1492.995,"end":1493.157},{"text":"inclusive","start":1493.157,"end":1493.465},{"text":"framework.","start":1493.465,"end":1493.806}]},{"text":"But I would not forget the necessity to present-proof these very same commitments.","start":1495.528,"end":1504.102,"topics":[{"key":"high-level-commitments","label":"Level of Detail in Commitments","description":"Many speakers argued that commitments in the framework convention should remain broad and high level, with technical detail left to later protocols. 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The United Republic of Tanzania aligns itself with the statement delivered by Nigeria on behalf of the African Group and comments provided by India ATAF and other delegations in support of maintaining the text in line with the terms of reference.","start":1848.7,"end":1864.366,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1848.7,"end":1848.877},{"text":"you,","start":1848.877,"end":1848.909},{"text":"Chair.","start":1848.958,"end":1849.216},{"text":"The","start":1850.265,"end":1850.329},{"text":"United","start":1850.329,"end":1850.588},{"text":"Republic","start":1850.588,"end":1850.927},{"text":"of","start":1850.927,"end":1851.007},{"text":"Tanzania","start":1851.007,"end":1851.572},{"text":"aligns","start":1851.637,"end":1851.927},{"text":"itself","start":1852.105,"end":1852.427},{"text":"with","start":1852.427,"end":1852.524},{"text":"the","start":1852.524,"end":1852.766},{"text":"statement","start":1852.944,"end":1853.363},{"text":"delivered","start":1853.396,"end":1853.783},{"text":"by","start":1853.815,"end":1853.928},{"text":"Nigeria","start":1854.703,"end":1855.155},{"text":"on","start":1855.171,"end":1855.316},{"text":"behalf","start":1855.348,"end":1855.671},{"text":"of","start":1855.671,"end":1855.768},{"text":"the","start":1855.768,"end":1855.832},{"text":"African","start":1855.832,"end":1856.155},{"text":"Group","start":1856.155,"end":1856.494},{"text":"and","start":1857.204,"end":1857.269},{"text":"comments","start":1857.366,"end":1857.834},{"text":"provided","start":1857.85,"end":1858.167},{"text":"by","start":1858.167,"end":1858.312},{"text":"India","start":1858.437,"end":1858.977},{"text":"ATAF","start":1859.503,"end":1859.856},{"text":"and","start":1860.129,"end":1860.193},{"text":"other","start":1860.289,"end":1860.466},{"text":"delegations","start":1860.466,"end":1860.963},{"text":"in","start":1861.509,"end":1861.589},{"text":"support","start":1861.589,"end":1862.071},{"text":"of","start":1862.071,"end":1862.199},{"text":"maintaining","start":1862.215,"end":1862.6},{"text":"the","start":1862.632,"end":1862.713},{"text":"text","start":1862.713,"end":1863.034},{"text":"in","start":1863.034,"end":1863.162},{"text":"line","start":1863.194,"end":1863.306},{"text":"with","start":1863.419,"end":1863.499},{"text":"the","start":1863.499,"end":1863.595},{"text":"terms","start":1863.595,"end":1863.884},{"text":"of","start":1863.916,"end":1864.061},{"text":"reference.","start":1864.061,"end":1864.366}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr.","start":1865.505,"end":1865.633,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":1865.505,"end":1865.633}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair, we emphasize that the Framework Convention should be sufficiently broad to ensure that the initial and future protocols remain consistent with and relevant to the commitments already agreed under the TORA.","start":1865.682,"end":1879.885,"topics":[{"key":"high-level-commitments","label":"Level of Detail in Commitments","description":"Many speakers argued that commitments in the framework convention should remain broad and high level, with technical detail left to later protocols. Others warned that language that is too general could become vague and make it harder for governments to understand what they are signing up to."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":1865.682,"end":1866.099},{"text":"we","start":1866.243,"end":1866.323},{"text":"emphasize","start":1866.404,"end":1866.773},{"text":"that","start":1866.821,"end":1867.062},{"text":"the","start":1867.431,"end":1867.511},{"text":"Framework","start":1867.511,"end":1867.832},{"text":"Convention","start":1867.832,"end":1868.378},{"text":"should","start":1869.196,"end":1869.469},{"text":"be","start":1869.533,"end":1869.774},{"text":"sufficiently","start":1869.774,"end":1870.352},{"text":"broad","start":1870.657,"end":1871.058},{"text":"to","start":1871.058,"end":1871.122},{"text":"ensure","start":1871.122,"end":1871.459},{"text":"that","start":1871.459,"end":1871.86},{"text":"the","start":1872.486,"end":1872.566},{"text":"initial","start":1872.566,"end":1872.903},{"text":"and","start":1872.903,"end":1873.064},{"text":"future","start":1873.064,"end":1873.545},{"text":"protocols","start":1873.545,"end":1874.075},{"text":"remain","start":1874.572,"end":1874.893},{"text":"consistent","start":1874.893,"end":1875.632},{"text":"with","start":1876.033,"end":1876.242},{"text":"and","start":1876.996,"end":1877.06},{"text":"relevant","start":1877.076,"end":1877.477},{"text":"to","start":1877.477,"end":1877.558},{"text":"the","start":1877.558,"end":1877.702},{"text":"commitments","start":1877.702,"end":1878.199},{"text":"already","start":1878.199,"end":1878.569},{"text":"agreed","start":1878.745,"end":1879.146},{"text":"under","start":1879.146,"end":1879.323},{"text":"the","start":1879.323,"end":1879.467},{"text":"TORA.","start":1879.467,"end":1879.885}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, the convention should avoid incorporating specific principles in text that they risk to limit the scope of the work to be undertaken in the current and future protocols.","start":1880.928,"end":1890.668,"topics":[{"key":"high-level-commitments","label":"Level of Detail in Commitments","description":"Many speakers argued that commitments in the framework convention should remain broad and high level, with technical detail left to later protocols. 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a quick comment from me and your intervention.","start":2271.56,"end":2274.203,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Just","start":2271.56,"end":2271.753},{"text":"a","start":2271.753,"end":2271.769},{"text":"quick","start":2271.817,"end":2272.059},{"text":"comment","start":2272.14,"end":2272.462},{"text":"from","start":2272.462,"end":2272.849},{"text":"me","start":2272.881,"end":2273.075},{"text":"and","start":2273.526,"end":2273.59},{"text":"your","start":2273.606,"end":2273.719},{"text":"intervention.","start":2273.768,"end":2274.203}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":2274.799,"end":2275.122,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2274.799,"end":2274.993},{"text":"you.","start":2274.993,"end":2275.122}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegate of Austria, followed by 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And I think what you just mentioned is also reflected in the comments that I'm going to make right now.","start":2281.942,"end":2289.249,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2281.942,"end":2282.187},{"text":"you,","start":2282.187,"end":2282.236},{"text":"Chair.","start":2282.268,"end":2282.546},{"text":"And","start":2282.611,"end":2282.986},{"text":"I","start":2283.117,"end":2283.182},{"text":"think","start":2283.182,"end":2283.606},{"text":"what","start":2284.079,"end":2284.226},{"text":"you","start":2284.242,"end":2284.405},{"text":"just","start":2284.405,"end":2284.666},{"text":"mentioned","start":2284.666,"end":2285.368},{"text":"is","start":2285.775,"end":2285.841},{"text":"also","start":2285.955,"end":2286.2},{"text":"reflected","start":2286.2,"end":2286.689},{"text":"in","start":2286.689,"end":2286.738},{"text":"the","start":2287.05,"end":2287.242},{"text":"comments","start":2287.242,"end":2287.628},{"text":"that","start":2287.628,"end":2287.708},{"text":"I'm","start":2287.708,"end":2287.852},{"text":"going","start":2288.029,"end":2288.254},{"text":"to","start":2288.286,"end":2288.575},{"text":"make","start":2288.752,"end":2288.928},{"text":"right","start":2288.992,"end":2289.105},{"text":"now.","start":2289.105,"end":2289.249}]},{"text":"I think it's important, a good starting— to say that it's a good starting point what we have in paragraph 14 of the issues notes, mainly because I think that the commitment needs to be high level, but at the same time already give some broad guidance on how it's going to be understood and how, when we're going to talk about the allocation of taxing rights in the future, be it on services or other types of income, what could be our guiding principles to decide on how eventually an allocation of taxing rights could look like.","start":2289.33,"end":2323.264,"topics":[{"key":"high-level-commitments","label":"Level of Detail in Commitments","description":"Many speakers argued that commitments in the framework convention should remain broad and high level, with technical detail left to later protocols. 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therefore, the principles mentioned and the principles of economic activity, etc., could be the broad basis.","start":2323.376,"end":2333.452,"topics":[{"key":"tax-nexus-terminology","label":"Tax Nexus and Value Creation","description":"Several interventions focused on the wording used to identify where taxing rights arise, especially the terms business activity, economic activity, value creation, and revenue generation. 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to delegates for their input into this discussion.","start":2508.662,"end":2511.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Also,","start":2508.662,"end":2508.87},{"text":"thank","start":2508.886,"end":2509.207},{"text":"you","start":2509.207,"end":2509.383},{"text":"to","start":2509.383,"end":2509.511},{"text":"delegates","start":2509.623,"end":2510.248},{"text":"for","start":2510.248,"end":2510.376},{"text":"their","start":2510.44,"end":2510.537},{"text":"input","start":2510.649,"end":2511.033},{"text":"into","start":2511.129,"end":2511.322},{"text":"this","start":2511.322,"end":2511.434},{"text":"discussion.","start":2511.482,"end":2511.85}]},{"text":"It has been very helpful in order to be able to focus on the issues that we have thinking 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Others warned that language that is too general could become vague and make it harder for governments to understand what they are signing up to."},{"key":"fair-allocation","label":"Fair Allocation of Taxing Rights","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed fair allocation of taxing rights as a core commitment of the convention, while acknowledging that the meaning of fairness is subjective and open to different interpretations. The debate centered on how to express this idea in a way that is politically acceptable and useful for future tax rulemaking."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2519.638,"end":2519.782},{"text":"our","start":2519.782,"end":2519.942},{"text":"view,","start":2519.958,"end":2520.134},{"text":"a","start":2520.343,"end":2520.359},{"text":"high-level","start":2520.359,"end":2521.048},{"text":"and","start":2521.24,"end":2521.32},{"text":"broad","start":2521.4,"end":2521.769},{"text":"commitment","start":2521.865,"end":2524.092},{"text":"fair","start":2522.25,"end":2522.298},{"text":"treatment","start":2522.298,"end":2522.683},{"text":"is","start":2522.827,"end":2522.891},{"text":"the","start":2523.164,"end":2523.324},{"text":"best","start":2523.324,"end":2523.645},{"text":"way","start":2523.645,"end":2523.806},{"text":"forward.","start":2523.806,"end":2524.271}]},{"text":"The word fair is subjective, of course, and we understand that word differently.","start":2524.993,"end":2529.148,"topics":[{"key":"fair-allocation","label":"Fair Allocation of Taxing Rights","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed fair allocation of taxing rights as a core commitment of the convention, while acknowledging that the meaning of fairness is subjective and open to different interpretations. The debate centered on how to express this idea in a way that is politically acceptable and useful for future tax rulemaking."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2524.993,"end":2525.057},{"text":"word","start":2525.089,"end":2525.298},{"text":"fair","start":2525.33,"end":2525.827},{"text":"is","start":2525.827,"end":2525.907},{"text":"subjective,","start":2525.907,"end":2526.597},{"text":"of","start":2526.629,"end":2526.742},{"text":"course,","start":2526.774,"end":2527.111},{"text":"and","start":2527.239,"end":2527.335},{"text":"we","start":2527.335,"end":2527.48},{"text":"understand","start":2527.496,"end":2528.121},{"text":"that","start":2528.121,"end":2528.266},{"text":"word","start":2528.362,"end":2528.587},{"text":"differently.","start":2528.619,"end":2529.148}]},{"text":"But that is the work we need to work on together at this forum.","start":2529.902,"end":2534.025,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":2529.902,"end":2529.999},{"text":"that","start":2530.063,"end":2530.223},{"text":"is","start":2530.223,"end":2530.351},{"text":"the","start":2530.384,"end":2530.448},{"text":"work","start":2530.464,"end":2530.64},{"text":"we","start":2530.704,"end":2530.785},{"text":"need","start":2530.785,"end":2531.154},{"text":"to","start":2531.186,"end":2531.362},{"text":"work","start":2531.747,"end":2532.164},{"text":"on","start":2532.293,"end":2532.357},{"text":"together","start":2532.469,"end":2533.063},{"text":"at","start":2533.255,"end":2533.432},{"text":"this","start":2533.432,"end":2533.672},{"text":"forum.","start":2533.672,"end":2534.025}]},{"text":"We are, however, concerned when paragraph 14 introduces new wording like business activity.","start":2535.261,"end":2541.101,"topics":[{"key":"tax-nexus-terminology","label":"Tax Nexus and Value Creation","description":"Several interventions focused on the wording used to identify where taxing rights arise, especially the terms business activity, economic activity, value creation, and revenue generation. Delegations stressed that the choice of terminology matters because it affects how tax bases, sourcing rules, and thresholds would later be interpreted."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2535.261,"end":2535.357},{"text":"are,","start":2535.421,"end":2535.582},{"text":"however,","start":2535.598,"end":2536.079},{"text":"concerned","start":2536.143,"end":2536.592},{"text":"when","start":2536.641,"end":2536.753},{"text":"paragraph","start":2536.801,"end":2537.234},{"text":"14","start":2537.282,"end":2537.651},{"text":"introduces","start":2537.764,"end":2538.293},{"text":"new","start":2538.405,"end":2538.582},{"text":"wording","start":2538.71,"end":2539.079},{"text":"like","start":2539.769,"end":2540.074},{"text":"business","start":2540.074,"end":2540.379},{"text":"activity.","start":2540.475,"end":2541.101}]},{"text":"It seems to be referring to corporate profits, as we have just heard from our esteemed delegate from the UK., and we therefore prefer to refer to the economic activities that we have in earlier, you know, other documents, and where economic activity takes place.","start":2541.678,"end":2562.08,"topics":[{"key":"tax-nexus-terminology","label":"Tax Nexus and Value Creation","description":"Several interventions focused on the wording used to identify where taxing rights arise, especially the terms business activity, economic activity, value creation, and revenue generation. Delegations stressed that the choice of terminology matters because it affects how tax bases, sourcing rules, and thresholds would later be interpreted."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2541.678,"end":2541.758},{"text":"seems","start":2541.758,"end":2542.063},{"text":"to","start":2542.095,"end":2542.24},{"text":"be","start":2542.24,"end":2542.336},{"text":"referring","start":2542.336,"end":2542.769},{"text":"to","start":2542.817,"end":2542.946},{"text":"corporate","start":2542.962,"end":2543.363},{"text":"profits,","start":2543.379,"end":2543.844},{"text":"as","start":2543.86,"end":2543.988},{"text":"we","start":2544.085,"end":2544.181},{"text":"have","start":2544.181,"end":2544.47},{"text":"just","start":2544.566,"end":2544.807},{"text":"heard","start":2544.807,"end":2545.047},{"text":"from","start":2545.047,"end":2545.24},{"text":"our","start":2545.288,"end":2545.513},{"text":"esteemed","start":2545.93,"end":2546.331},{"text":"delegate","start":2546.331,"end":2546.812},{"text":"from","start":2546.812,"end":2547.117},{"text":"the","start":2547.374,"end":2547.454},{"text":"UK.,","start":2547.454,"end":2548.86},{"text":"and","start":2548.86,"end":2548.96},{"text":"we","start":2548.96,"end":2549.44},{"text":"therefore","start":2549.44,"end":2550},{"text":"prefer","start":2550,"end":2550.64},{"text":"to","start":2550.64,"end":2551.5},{"text":"refer","start":2551.5,"end":2551.88},{"text":"to","start":2551.88,"end":2552.6},{"text":"the","start":2552.6,"end":2553.32},{"text":"economic","start":2553.32,"end":2553.84},{"text":"activities","start":2553.84,"end":2554.6},{"text":"that","start":2554.6,"end":2554.96},{"text":"we","start":2554.96,"end":2555.26},{"text":"have","start":2555.26,"end":2555.64},{"text":"in","start":2555.64,"end":2555.96},{"text":"earlier,","start":2555.96,"end":2556.5},{"text":"you","start":2556.5,"end":2557.26},{"text":"know,","start":2557.26,"end":2557.58},{"text":"other","start":2557.58,"end":2557.78},{"text":"documents,","start":2557.78,"end":2558.9},{"text":"and","start":2558.9,"end":2559.02},{"text":"where","start":2559.02,"end":2559.36},{"text":"economic","start":2559.36,"end":2559.92},{"text":"activity","start":2559.92,"end":2560.44},{"text":"takes","start":2560.44,"end":2560.78},{"text":"place.","start":2560.78,"end":2562.08}]},{"text":"So in general, I think we would align ourselves with comments by Brazil and India.","start":2562.78,"end":2567.28,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2562.78,"end":2563.1},{"text":"in","start":2563.1,"end":2563.56},{"text":"general,","start":2563.56,"end":2563.92},{"text":"I","start":2563.92,"end":2564.12},{"text":"think","start":2564.12,"end":2564.319},{"text":"we","start":2564.319,"end":2564.54},{"text":"would","start":2564.54,"end":2564.78},{"text":"align","start":2564.78,"end":2565.02},{"text":"ourselves","start":2565.02,"end":2565.54},{"text":"with","start":2565.54,"end":2565.72},{"text":"comments","start":2565.72,"end":2566},{"text":"by","start":2566,"end":2566.24},{"text":"Brazil","start":2566.24,"end":2566.62},{"text":"and","start":2566.62,"end":2566.86},{"text":"India.","start":2566.86,"end":2567.28}]},{"text":"In particular, I— we like the word crisp, a crisp definition, which is a very fresh word.","start":2567.28,"end":2575.64,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2567.28,"end":2567.42},{"text":"particular,","start":2567.42,"end":2568.18},{"text":"I—","start":2568.31,"end":2569.06},{"text":"we","start":2569.06,"end":2569.06},{"text":"like","start":2569.06,"end":2569.32},{"text":"the","start":2569.32,"end":2569.46},{"text":"word","start":2569.46,"end":2569.76},{"text":"crisp,","start":2569.76,"end":2570.51},{"text":"a","start":2571.26,"end":2571.52},{"text":"crisp","start":2571.52,"end":2571.94},{"text":"definition,","start":2571.94,"end":2572.72},{"text":"which","start":2572.72,"end":2572.86},{"text":"is","start":2572.86,"end":2573.7},{"text":"a","start":2573.7,"end":2574.06},{"text":"very","start":2574.06,"end":2574.26},{"text":"fresh","start":2574.26,"end":2574.9},{"text":"word.","start":2574.9,"end":2575.64}]},{"text":"And so thank you.","start":2577.189,"end":2579.453,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2577.189,"end":2577.623},{"text":"so","start":2578.811,"end":2579.148},{"text":"thank","start":2579.148,"end":2579.373},{"text":"you.","start":2579.373,"end":2579.453}]},{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":2579.839,"end":2580.336,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2579.839,"end":2579.999},{"text":"you,","start":2579.999,"end":2580.079},{"text":"Chair.","start":2580.095,"end":2580.336}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"CHL","affiliation_full":"Chile","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":33,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Delegated of Canada, followed by Kenya.","start":2606.714,"end":2609.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2606.714,"end":2606.96},{"text":"you.","start":2606.96,"end":2607.042},{"text":"Thank","start":2607.141,"end":2607.288},{"text":"you,","start":2607.288,"end":2607.354},{"text":"Mr.","start":2607.37,"end":2607.6},{"text":"Delegated","start":2607.682,"end":2607.961},{"text":"of","start":2607.961,"end":2608.075},{"text":"Canada,","start":2608.338,"end":2608.764},{"text":"followed","start":2609.076,"end":2609.305},{"text":"by","start":2609.338,"end":2609.42},{"text":"Kenya.","start":2609.486,"end":2609.83}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"INC","affiliation_full":"INC","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":34,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":2614.3,"end":2615.137,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2614.3,"end":2614.38},{"text":"you,","start":2614.38,"end":2614.461},{"text":"Mr.","start":2614.493,"end":2614.718},{"text":"Chair.","start":2614.799,"end":2615.137}]},{"text":"I would like to add my voice to the other delegates that have expressed a preference for formulation that is higher, more high level of that commitment for the reasons that were stated, that we should not constrain ourselves in what we— in the approaches that we will be developing that would be included in the protocols.","start":2616.651,"end":2644.798,"topics":[{"key":"high-level-commitments","label":"Level of Detail in Commitments","description":"Many speakers argued that commitments in the framework convention should remain broad and high level, with technical detail left to later protocols. Others warned that language that is too general could become vague and make it harder for governments to understand what they are signing up to."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2616.651,"end":2616.699},{"text":"would","start":2616.747,"end":2616.973},{"text":"like","start":2616.973,"end":2617.086},{"text":"to","start":2617.23,"end":2617.488},{"text":"add","start":2617.617,"end":2617.665},{"text":"my","start":2617.665,"end":2617.794},{"text":"voice","start":2617.875,"end":2618.229},{"text":"to","start":2618.438,"end":2618.632},{"text":"the","start":2619.791,"end":2619.984},{"text":"other","start":2622.77,"end":2622.98},{"text":"delegates","start":2623.254,"end":2623.674},{"text":"that","start":2623.674,"end":2623.821},{"text":"have","start":2623.821,"end":2623.936},{"text":"expressed","start":2623.936,"end":2624.427},{"text":"a","start":2624.427,"end":2624.443},{"text":"preference","start":2624.492,"end":2624.934},{"text":"for","start":2625.065,"end":2625.261},{"text":"formulation","start":2626.047,"end":2626.75},{"text":"that","start":2626.783,"end":2626.93},{"text":"is","start":2626.93,"end":2626.996},{"text":"higher,","start":2627.19,"end":2627.543},{"text":"more","start":2627.688,"end":2627.8},{"text":"high","start":2627.913,"end":2628.089},{"text":"level","start":2628.089,"end":2628.298},{"text":"of","start":2629.937,"end":2631.496},{"text":"that","start":2631.56,"end":2631.721},{"text":"commitment","start":2632.026,"end":2632.733},{"text":"for","start":2633.248,"end":2633.44},{"text":"the","start":2633.472,"end":2633.521},{"text":"reasons","start":2633.569,"end":2634.019},{"text":"that","start":2634.196,"end":2634.356},{"text":"were","start":2634.356,"end":2634.469},{"text":"stated,","start":2634.469,"end":2634.983},{"text":"that","start":2635.095,"end":2635.353},{"text":"we","start":2635.802,"end":2635.835},{"text":"should","start":2635.835,"end":2636.51},{"text":"not","start":2636.51,"end":2636.703},{"text":"constrain","start":2637.427,"end":2637.958},{"text":"ourselves","start":2638.215,"end":2639.004},{"text":"in","start":2639.117,"end":2639.165},{"text":"what","start":2639.358,"end":2639.616},{"text":"we—","start":2639.68,"end":2639.761},{"text":"in","start":2641.112,"end":2641.193},{"text":"the","start":2641.193,"end":2641.29},{"text":"approaches","start":2641.29,"end":2641.74},{"text":"that","start":2641.837,"end":2642.078},{"text":"we","start":2642.078,"end":2642.271},{"text":"will","start":2642.416,"end":2642.577},{"text":"be","start":2642.577,"end":2642.658},{"text":"developing","start":2642.658,"end":2643.189},{"text":"that","start":2643.221,"end":2643.382},{"text":"would","start":2643.382,"end":2643.543},{"text":"be","start":2643.543,"end":2643.704},{"text":"included","start":2643.704,"end":2644.186},{"text":"in","start":2644.186,"end":2644.267},{"text":"the","start":2644.267,"end":2644.412},{"text":"protocols.","start":2644.412,"end":2644.798}]},{"text":"So for that reason, I think it's certainly preferable to have wording that remains fairly high.","start":2646.323,"end":2652.86,"topics":[{"key":"high-level-commitments","label":"Level of Detail in Commitments","description":"Many speakers argued that commitments in the framework convention should remain broad and high level, with technical detail left to later protocols. Others warned that language that is too general could become vague and make it harder for governments to understand what they are signing up to."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2646.323,"end":2646.549},{"text":"for","start":2646.549,"end":2646.645},{"text":"that","start":2646.645,"end":2646.823},{"text":"reason,","start":2646.871,"end":2647.178},{"text":"I","start":2647.453,"end":2647.469},{"text":"think","start":2647.614,"end":2647.872},{"text":"it's","start":2647.872,"end":2648.034},{"text":"certainly","start":2648.098,"end":2648.55},{"text":"preferable","start":2648.809,"end":2649.487},{"text":"to","start":2649.616,"end":2649.809},{"text":"have","start":2649.955,"end":2650.245},{"text":"wording","start":2650.423,"end":2650.891},{"text":"that","start":2651.569,"end":2651.795},{"text":"remains","start":2651.795,"end":2652.263},{"text":"fairly","start":2652.36,"end":2652.618},{"text":"high.","start":2652.618,"end":2652.86}]},{"text":"As to your specific question as to where that precise level should be, I agree with the comment, the concern that was expressed by the delegate from the UK that business activity seems to be tied to corporate tax, and probably I would have a similar concern with other concepts like value creation.","start":2653.082,"end":2676.956,"topics":[{"key":"tax-nexus-terminology","label":"Tax Nexus and Value Creation","description":"Several interventions focused on the wording used to identify where taxing rights arise, especially the terms business activity, economic activity, value creation, and revenue generation. Delegations stressed that the choice of terminology matters because it affects how tax bases, sourcing rules, and thresholds would later be interpreted."},{"key":"scope-of-taxes","label":"Scope Beyond Corporate Income Tax","description":"Multiple speakers questioned whether the commitment was being framed too narrowly around corporate income tax or business profits. They called for clarity on whether the fair allocation commitment should apply more broadly across different kinds of taxes, including potentially consumption taxes and other future areas."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":2653.082,"end":2653.13},{"text":"to","start":2653.243,"end":2653.356},{"text":"your","start":2653.469,"end":2653.727},{"text":"specific","start":2653.727,"end":2654.34},{"text":"question","start":2654.34,"end":2654.582},{"text":"as","start":2654.63,"end":2654.743},{"text":"to","start":2654.84,"end":2655.05},{"text":"where","start":2655.501,"end":2655.663},{"text":"that","start":2655.663,"end":2655.921},{"text":"precise","start":2656.711,"end":2657.098},{"text":"level","start":2657.114,"end":2657.34},{"text":"should","start":2657.372,"end":2657.598},{"text":"be,","start":2657.679,"end":2657.824},{"text":"I","start":2660.507,"end":2660.603},{"text":"agree","start":2660.603,"end":2660.99},{"text":"with","start":2660.99,"end":2661.215},{"text":"the","start":2662.053,"end":2662.198},{"text":"comment,","start":2662.359,"end":2662.681},{"text":"the","start":2662.697,"end":2662.842},{"text":"concern","start":2662.842,"end":2663.148},{"text":"that","start":2663.18,"end":2663.406},{"text":"was","start":2663.406,"end":2663.551},{"text":"expressed","start":2663.728,"end":2664.984},{"text":"by","start":2665.032,"end":2665.193},{"text":"the","start":2665.193,"end":2665.29},{"text":"delegate","start":2665.435,"end":2665.757},{"text":"from","start":2665.757,"end":2665.999},{"text":"the","start":2665.999,"end":2666.127},{"text":"UK","start":2666.144,"end":2666.627},{"text":"that","start":2666.627,"end":2666.981},{"text":"business","start":2667.432,"end":2667.706},{"text":"activity","start":2667.786,"end":2668.334},{"text":"seems","start":2668.334,"end":2668.624},{"text":"to","start":2668.656,"end":2668.736},{"text":"be","start":2668.736,"end":2668.881},{"text":"tied","start":2669.123,"end":2669.397},{"text":"to","start":2669.397,"end":2669.51},{"text":"corporate","start":2669.51,"end":2669.93},{"text":"tax,","start":2669.93,"end":2670.335},{"text":"and","start":2670.351,"end":2670.481},{"text":"probably","start":2672.294,"end":2672.941},{"text":"I","start":2672.941,"end":2672.99},{"text":"would","start":2673.006,"end":2673.119},{"text":"have","start":2673.119,"end":2673.33},{"text":"a","start":2673.33,"end":2673.362},{"text":"similar","start":2673.362,"end":2673.815},{"text":"concern","start":2673.815,"end":2674.285},{"text":"with","start":2674.398,"end":2674.609},{"text":"other","start":2675.046,"end":2675.272},{"text":"concepts","start":2675.272,"end":2675.774},{"text":"like","start":2675.774,"end":2676.098},{"text":"value","start":2676.179,"end":2676.503},{"text":"creation.","start":2676.503,"end":2676.956}]},{"text":"I'm not sure whether we need to go to that level of precision in that commitment.","start":2679.077,"end":2683.603,"topics":[{"key":"high-level-commitments","label":"Level of Detail in Commitments","description":"Many speakers argued that commitments in the framework convention should remain broad and high level, with technical detail left to later protocols. 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we resume the floor, just a quick comment for everyone to think about.","start":2879.793,"end":2883.731,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2879.793,"end":2879.924},{"text":"we","start":2879.924,"end":2880.087},{"text":"resume","start":2880.087,"end":2880.463},{"text":"the","start":2880.48,"end":2880.529},{"text":"floor,","start":2880.578,"end":2880.921},{"text":"just","start":2880.97,"end":2881.248},{"text":"a","start":2881.248,"end":2881.362},{"text":"quick","start":2881.362,"end":2881.558},{"text":"comment","start":2881.558,"end":2882.13},{"text":"for","start":2882.375,"end":2882.587},{"text":"everyone","start":2882.62,"end":2883.045},{"text":"to","start":2883.045,"end":2883.159},{"text":"think","start":2883.29,"end":2883.535},{"text":"about.","start":2883.535,"end":2883.731}]},{"text":"Uh, the distinguished delegate of Kenya, followed by 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it's good you've brought the issue of business activity because that's exactly what we wanted to address in our comments.","start":2905.179,"end":2911.682,"topics":[{"key":"tax-nexus-terminology","label":"Tax Nexus and Value Creation","description":"Several interventions focused on the wording used to identify where taxing rights arise, especially the terms business activity, economic activity, value creation, and revenue generation. 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Delegations stressed that the choice of terminology matters because it affects how tax bases, sourcing rules, and thresholds would later be interpreted."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2912.083,"end":2912.18},{"text":"especially","start":2912.469,"end":2912.87},{"text":"find","start":2912.87,"end":2913.127},{"text":"the","start":2913.127,"end":2913.272},{"text":"use","start":2913.288,"end":2913.496},{"text":"of","start":2913.593,"end":2913.673},{"text":"the","start":2913.673,"end":2913.769},{"text":"words","start":2913.769,"end":2914.058},{"text":"business","start":2914.09,"end":2914.38},{"text":"activity","start":2914.38,"end":2914.941},{"text":"difficult","start":2915.373,"end":2915.774},{"text":"to","start":2915.774,"end":2915.87},{"text":"interpret","start":2915.87,"end":2916.592},{"text":"and","start":2916.72,"end":2916.896},{"text":"restrictive.","start":2916.896,"end":2917.457}]},{"text":"Because if, for example, we're looking at the digital economy, there are certain features of the digital economy that would give rise to income that should be taxable in the source jurisdiction, but they— it would be very difficult to place them within the definition of a business activity because technically speaking there would be no activity, but there is income that is going going to arise in the source jurisdiction and it should be taxable, but it wouldn't be classified or defined as an activity.","start":2918.179,"end":2949.776,"topics":[{"key":"digital-services-taxation","label":"Digital Economy and Cross-Border Services","description":"Speakers highlighted the need for the convention to address taxation in a digitalized and globalized economy, including cross-border services and situations with no physical presence. 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Delegations stressed that the choice of terminology matters because it affects how tax bases, sourcing rules, and thresholds would later be interpreted."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2950.081,"end":2950.177},{"text":"we","start":2950.177,"end":2950.274},{"text":"find","start":2950.274,"end":2950.788},{"text":"business","start":2950.9,"end":2951.237},{"text":"activity","start":2951.237,"end":2951.751},{"text":"very","start":2951.848,"end":2952.072},{"text":"restrictive","start":2952.747,"end":2953.486},{"text":"and","start":2954.096,"end":2954.401},{"text":"we","start":2954.674,"end":2954.755},{"text":"would","start":2954.819,"end":2954.883},{"text":"have","start":2954.98,"end":2955.204},{"text":"an","start":2955.317,"end":2955.365},{"text":"issue","start":2955.477,"end":2955.734},{"text":"with","start":2956.104,"end":2956.216},{"text":"adoption","start":2956.216,"end":2956.682},{"text":"of","start":2956.682,"end":2957.18},{"text":"those","start":2957.26,"end":2957.453},{"text":"words.","start":2957.549,"end":2957.822}]},{"text":"Yes, paragraph 14 says that there should be room for defining what business activity would entail, but we think that the commitment should be clear from its first reading, and having to define business activity would mean that the commitment would not be clear from its first reading.","start":2958.272,"end":2977.193,"topics":[{"key":"high-level-commitments","label":"Level of Detail in Commitments","description":"Many speakers argued that commitments in the framework convention should remain broad and high level, with technical detail left to later protocols. 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Others warned that language that is too general could become vague and make it harder for governments to understand what they are signing up to."},{"key":"digital-services-taxation","label":"Digital Economy and Cross-Border Services","description":"Speakers highlighted the need for the convention to address taxation in a digitalized and globalized economy, including cross-border services and situations with no physical presence. The discussion emphasized that traditional tax concepts may not capture modern business models or digital income effectively."},{"key":"tax-nexus-terminology","label":"Tax Nexus and Value Creation","description":"Several interventions focused on the wording used to identify where taxing rights arise, especially the terms business activity, economic activity, value creation, and revenue generation. 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Others warned that language that is too general could become vague and make it harder for governments to understand what they are signing up to."},{"key":"tax-nexus-terminology","label":"Tax Nexus and Value Creation","description":"Several interventions focused on the wording used to identify where taxing rights arise, especially the terms business activity, economic activity, value creation, and revenue generation. 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you, Chair.","start":3094.91,"end":3096.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3094.91,"end":3095.19},{"text":"you,","start":3095.19,"end":3095.33},{"text":"Chair.","start":3095.33,"end":3096.03}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"KEN","affiliation_full":"Kenya","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":37,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"So getting back to Kenya's comments, so Kenya, you're proposing to use economic activity.","start":3120.106,"end":3124.761,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3120.106,"end":3120.411},{"text":"getting","start":3121.053,"end":3121.198},{"text":"back","start":3121.294,"end":3121.471},{"text":"to","start":3121.471,"end":3121.599},{"text":"Kenya's","start":3121.615,"end":3122.032},{"text":"comments,","start":3122.032,"end":3122.305},{"text":"so","start":3122.337,"end":3122.498},{"text":"Kenya,","start":3122.498,"end":3122.69},{"text":"you're","start":3122.739,"end":3122.995},{"text":"proposing","start":3122.995,"end":3123.365},{"text":"to","start":3123.397,"end":3123.477},{"text":"use","start":3123.477,"end":3123.734},{"text":"economic","start":3123.734,"end":3124.151},{"text":"activity.","start":3124.199,"end":3124.761}]},{"text":"And I have a comment here, and I think Patricia also will come on this.","start":3125.083,"end":3129.315,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3125.083,"end":3125.147},{"text":"I","start":3125.469,"end":3125.598},{"text":"have","start":3126.193,"end":3126.37},{"text":"a","start":3126.37,"end":3126.386},{"text":"comment","start":3126.45,"end":3126.917},{"text":"here,","start":3126.917,"end":3127.158},{"text":"and","start":3127.175,"end":3127.416},{"text":"I","start":3127.416,"end":3127.561},{"text":"think","start":3127.561,"end":3127.818},{"text":"Patricia","start":3127.818,"end":3128.156},{"text":"also","start":3128.221,"end":3128.43},{"text":"will","start":3128.43,"end":3128.494},{"text":"come","start":3128.607,"end":3128.784},{"text":"on","start":3128.784,"end":3128.912},{"text":"this.","start":3129.17,"end":3129.315}]},{"text":"She has another comment.","start":3130.538,"end":3131.809,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"She","start":3130.538,"end":3130.634},{"text":"has","start":3130.634,"end":3130.763},{"text":"another","start":3130.795,"end":3131.053},{"text":"comment.","start":3131.358,"end":3131.809}]},{"text":"When you are saying business activity, you believe that it doesn't capture the digital one.","start":3134.044,"end":3137.673,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"When","start":3134.044,"end":3134.173},{"text":"you","start":3134.205,"end":3134.27},{"text":"are","start":3134.27,"end":3134.302},{"text":"saying","start":3134.302,"end":3134.576},{"text":"business","start":3134.608,"end":3134.883},{"text":"activity,","start":3134.947,"end":3135.318},{"text":"you","start":3135.334,"end":3135.496},{"text":"believe","start":3135.496,"end":3135.754},{"text":"that","start":3135.802,"end":3135.979},{"text":"it","start":3135.979,"end":3136.302},{"text":"doesn't","start":3136.302,"end":3136.609},{"text":"capture","start":3136.609,"end":3136.947},{"text":"the","start":3136.947,"end":3137.044},{"text":"digital","start":3137.093,"end":3137.512},{"text":"one.","start":3137.512,"end":3137.673}]},{"text":"But when we are talking about activity, why we are limiting it to the physical activity only?","start":3139.044,"end":3145.013,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":3139.044,"end":3139.415},{"text":"when","start":3139.512,"end":3140.045},{"text":"we","start":3140.093,"end":3140.174},{"text":"are","start":3140.174,"end":3140.319},{"text":"talking","start":3140.319,"end":3140.528},{"text":"about","start":3140.593,"end":3141.077},{"text":"activity,","start":3141.222,"end":3141.835},{"text":"why","start":3142.029,"end":3142.142},{"text":"we","start":3142.755,"end":3142.835},{"text":"are","start":3142.835,"end":3142.997},{"text":"limiting","start":3142.997,"end":3143.303},{"text":"it","start":3143.384,"end":3143.545},{"text":"to","start":3143.545,"end":3143.61},{"text":"the","start":3143.61,"end":3143.658},{"text":"physical","start":3143.706,"end":3144.126},{"text":"activity","start":3144.126,"end":3144.658},{"text":"only?","start":3144.755,"end":3145.013}]},{"text":"If a company is doing digital activity in another country, Does it— it considered as a business activity?","start":3146.771,"end":3155.351,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"If","start":3146.771,"end":3146.836},{"text":"a","start":3146.884,"end":3147.013},{"text":"company","start":3147.013,"end":3147.32},{"text":"is","start":3147.352,"end":3147.4},{"text":"doing","start":3147.513,"end":3147.804},{"text":"digital","start":3148.385,"end":3148.804},{"text":"activity","start":3148.804,"end":3149.336},{"text":"in","start":3150.24,"end":3150.288},{"text":"another","start":3150.401,"end":3150.627},{"text":"country,","start":3150.643,"end":3150.917},{"text":"Does","start":3152.464,"end":3152.593},{"text":"it—","start":3152.689,"end":3153.026},{"text":"it","start":3153.026,"end":3153.202},{"text":"considered","start":3153.266,"end":3154.244},{"text":"as","start":3154.373,"end":3154.469},{"text":"a","start":3154.469,"end":3154.549},{"text":"business","start":3154.549,"end":3154.886},{"text":"activity?","start":3154.886,"end":3155.351}]},{"text":"That's what's happening now, that countries are doing business in other— in the market jurisdiction, but remotely, and doing business is a sort of 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here may be a question from my side that do we need to define what's meant by business activity in the section of definitions, for example, in the convention, to give it the broad meaning that we 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I think for using the economic activity, Patricia also have an opinion on 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the Secretariat does not have opinions, but we do have questions.","start":3188.233,"end":3192.068,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Sorry,","start":3188.233,"end":3188.589},{"text":"the","start":3189.026,"end":3189.123},{"text":"Secretariat","start":3189.123,"end":3189.835},{"text":"does","start":3189.835,"end":3190.045},{"text":"not","start":3190.061,"end":3190.304},{"text":"have","start":3190.304,"end":3190.417},{"text":"opinions,","start":3190.417,"end":3191.016},{"text":"but","start":3191.129,"end":3191.291},{"text":"we","start":3191.291,"end":3191.437},{"text":"do","start":3191.437,"end":3191.598},{"text":"have","start":3191.598,"end":3191.744},{"text":"questions.","start":3191.776,"end":3192.068}]},{"text":"And I think this is a general question because— and Switzerland the distinguished representative of Switzerland, said earlier that— oh, no, no, I'm sorry, it was Portugal that said there's a danger in being vague and you could create more 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we are creating the issue by ourselves more than we are solving it.","start":3355.132,"end":3359.729,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3355.132,"end":3355.294},{"text":"we","start":3355.681,"end":3355.777},{"text":"are","start":3355.777,"end":3355.923},{"text":"creating","start":3355.923,"end":3356.39},{"text":"the","start":3357.052,"end":3357.148},{"text":"issue","start":3357.213,"end":3357.455},{"text":"by","start":3357.455,"end":3357.551},{"text":"ourselves","start":3357.551,"end":3358.084},{"text":"more","start":3358.584,"end":3358.696},{"text":"than","start":3358.696,"end":3358.906},{"text":"we","start":3358.906,"end":3358.987},{"text":"are","start":3358.987,"end":3359.084},{"text":"solving","start":3359.084,"end":3359.454},{"text":"it.","start":3359.503,"end":3359.729}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":3361.74,"end":3361.997,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3361.74,"end":3361.852},{"text":"you.","start":3361.852,"end":3361.997}]},{"text":"Distinguished delegate of Belgium, followed by United Arab Emirates.","start":3363.142,"end":3366.995,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Distinguished","start":3363.142,"end":3363.642},{"text":"delegate","start":3363.642,"end":3364.093},{"text":"of","start":3364.093,"end":3364.158},{"text":"Belgium,","start":3364.496,"end":3364.883},{"text":"followed","start":3365.641,"end":3365.931},{"text":"by","start":3365.963,"end":3366.157},{"text":"United","start":3366.189,"end":3366.511},{"text":"Arab","start":3366.592,"end":3366.769},{"text":"Emirates.","start":3366.769,"end":3366.995}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"INC","affiliation_full":"INC","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":40,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":3369.057,"end":3369.849,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3369.057,"end":3369.38},{"text":"you,","start":3369.38,"end":3369.525},{"text":"Chair.","start":3369.541,"end":3369.849}]},{"text":"I would also like to thank the Secretariat and the co-lead, Daniel, for all the work done on Workstream 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aside from that, I want to say that we would like to align ourselves with the comments made by the distinguished delegates of Canada and UK before 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believe that a high-level commitment on the fair allocation of taxing rights will get a broader support also.","start":3391.18,"end":3400.833,"topics":[{"key":"high-level-commitments","label":"Level of Detail in Commitments","description":"Many speakers argued that commitments in the framework convention should remain broad and high level, with technical detail left to later protocols. 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The debate centered on how to express this idea in a way that is politically acceptable and useful for future tax rulemaking."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3391.18,"end":3391.229},{"text":"believe","start":3391.377,"end":3391.756},{"text":"that","start":3392.019,"end":3392.563},{"text":"a","start":3393.19,"end":3393.367},{"text":"high-level","start":3393.69,"end":3394.69},{"text":"commitment","start":3394.819,"end":3395.448},{"text":"on","start":3395.464,"end":3395.609},{"text":"the","start":3395.609,"end":3395.689},{"text":"fair","start":3395.689,"end":3395.883},{"text":"allocation","start":3395.931,"end":3396.415},{"text":"of","start":3396.431,"end":3396.576},{"text":"taxing","start":3396.576,"end":3396.883},{"text":"rights","start":3396.915,"end":3397.318},{"text":"will","start":3397.318,"end":3397.447},{"text":"get","start":3399.092,"end":3399.318},{"text":"a","start":3399.318,"end":3399.334},{"text":"broader","start":3399.414,"end":3399.737},{"text":"support","start":3399.737,"end":3400.333},{"text":"also.","start":3400.446,"end":3400.833}]},{"text":"And so we do— we are happy to see that there is the reference to the economic principles like efficiency and tax neutrality, and we would like to see them stated under the principles if possible.","start":3401.09,"end":3416.113,"topics":[{"key":"economic-tax-principles","label":"Economic and Administrative Principles","description":"A major topic was whether concepts such as economic efficiency, tax neutrality, simplicity, administrability, equity, and ease of compliance should be explicitly referenced. 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Several speakers also linked the design of the convention to its effects on cross-border trade, investment, and the coherence of existing tax arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3430.663,"end":3430.855},{"text":"we","start":3431.144,"end":3431.24},{"text":"already","start":3431.305,"end":3431.61},{"text":"see","start":3431.642,"end":3431.866},{"text":"that","start":3431.882,"end":3432.027},{"text":"there","start":3432.027,"end":3432.155},{"text":"is","start":3432.203,"end":3432.332},{"text":"a","start":3432.669,"end":3432.685},{"text":"lot","start":3432.685,"end":3432.845},{"text":"of","start":3432.845,"end":3432.974},{"text":"room","start":3432.99,"end":3433.118},{"text":"of","start":3433.166,"end":3433.295},{"text":"misinterpretation.","start":3433.391,"end":3434.386}]},{"text":"So maybe we should think further about the use of the word business activity or explain it in the definitions if the choice was to to use the business activity.","start":3434.45,"end":3446.026,"topics":[{"key":"tax-nexus-terminology","label":"Tax Nexus and Value Creation","description":"Several interventions focused on the wording used to identify where taxing rights arise, especially the terms business activity, economic activity, value creation, and revenue generation. Delegations stressed that the choice of terminology matters because it affects how tax bases, sourcing rules, and thresholds would later be interpreted."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3434.45,"end":3434.659},{"text":"maybe","start":3436.055,"end":3436.312},{"text":"we","start":3436.376,"end":3436.456},{"text":"should","start":3436.456,"end":3436.713},{"text":"think","start":3437.419,"end":3437.676},{"text":"further","start":3437.724,"end":3438.109},{"text":"about","start":3438.141,"end":3438.543},{"text":"the","start":3438.543,"end":3438.575},{"text":"use","start":3438.623,"end":3438.896},{"text":"of","start":3439.088,"end":3439.233},{"text":"the","start":3439.506,"end":3439.602},{"text":"word","start":3439.666,"end":3439.923},{"text":"business","start":3440.051,"end":3440.388},{"text":"activity","start":3440.388,"end":3441.078},{"text":"or","start":3441.496,"end":3441.544},{"text":"explain","start":3441.849,"end":3442.314},{"text":"it","start":3442.314,"end":3442.459},{"text":"in","start":3442.459,"end":3442.491},{"text":"the","start":3442.491,"end":3442.571},{"text":"definitions","start":3442.571,"end":3443.325},{"text":"if","start":3443.454,"end":3443.534},{"text":"the","start":3443.839,"end":3443.999},{"text":"choice","start":3443.999,"end":3444.401},{"text":"was","start":3444.401,"end":3444.529},{"text":"to","start":3444.641,"end":3444.754},{"text":"to","start":3444.69,"end":3444.77},{"text":"use","start":3444.786,"end":3445.028},{"text":"the","start":3445.028,"end":3445.124},{"text":"business","start":3445.124,"end":3445.447},{"text":"activity.","start":3445.447,"end":3446.026}]},{"text":"I think it is a bit difficult to interpret at this moment.","start":3446.8,"end":3450.44,"topics":[{"key":"tax-certainty-investment","label":"Tax Certainty and Investment Effects","description":"Delegations discussed the risk that unclear or overly complex rules could create double taxation, overtaxation, disputes, and uncertainty. Several speakers also linked the design of the convention to its effects on cross-border trade, investment, and the coherence of existing tax arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3446.8,"end":3446.977},{"text":"think","start":3447.057,"end":3447.299},{"text":"it","start":3447.299,"end":3447.444},{"text":"is","start":3447.444,"end":3447.508},{"text":"a","start":3447.605,"end":3447.621},{"text":"bit","start":3447.685,"end":3447.83},{"text":"difficult","start":3448.024,"end":3448.829},{"text":"to","start":3448.829,"end":3449.006},{"text":"interpret","start":3449.151,"end":3449.715},{"text":"at","start":3449.715,"end":3449.812},{"text":"this","start":3449.86,"end":3450.118},{"text":"moment.","start":3450.118,"end":3450.44}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":3450.585,"end":3450.987,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3450.585,"end":3450.826},{"text":"you.","start":3450.826,"end":3450.987}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"BEL","affiliation_full":"Belgium","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":41,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you. Stengiz Egert of United Arab Emirates, followed by Colombia.","start":3454.152,"end":3457.968,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3454.152,"end":3454.463},{"text":"you.","start":3454.463,"end":3454.496},{"text":"Stengiz","start":3455.151,"end":3455.609},{"text":"Egert","start":3455.609,"end":3455.806},{"text":"of","start":3455.871,"end":3456.002},{"text":"United","start":3456.019,"end":3456.428},{"text":"Arab","start":3456.51,"end":3456.854},{"text":"Emirates,","start":3456.854,"end":3457.263},{"text":"followed","start":3457.329,"end":3457.558},{"text":"by","start":3457.591,"end":3457.738},{"text":"Colombia.","start":3457.738,"end":3457.968}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"INC","affiliation_full":"INC","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":42,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"As this is our first intervention, we would like to thank the Chair, Co-Lead, and the Secretariat for the work done so far.","start":3464.687,"end":3472.185,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":3464.687,"end":3464.816},{"text":"this","start":3464.848,"end":3465.074},{"text":"is","start":3465.074,"end":3465.188},{"text":"our","start":3465.188,"end":3465.317},{"text":"first","start":3465.414,"end":3465.818},{"text":"intervention,","start":3465.818,"end":3466.577},{"text":"we","start":3466.787,"end":3466.933},{"text":"would","start":3466.933,"end":3467.094},{"text":"like","start":3467.094,"end":3467.272},{"text":"to","start":3467.288,"end":3467.434},{"text":"thank","start":3467.434,"end":3467.757},{"text":"the","start":3467.838,"end":3468.032},{"text":"Chair,","start":3468.306,"end":3468.517},{"text":"Co-Lead,","start":3468.807,"end":3469.454},{"text":"and","start":3469.922,"end":3470.003},{"text":"the","start":3470.003,"end":3470.084},{"text":"Secretariat","start":3470.084,"end":3470.811},{"text":"for","start":3470.827,"end":3470.989},{"text":"the","start":3470.989,"end":3471.231},{"text":"work","start":3471.231,"end":3471.49},{"text":"done","start":3471.49,"end":3471.652},{"text":"so","start":3471.652,"end":3471.959},{"text":"far.","start":3471.959,"end":3472.185}]},{"text":"We agree with many such as India, Tanzania, and Norway, Chile, and UK on keeping the commitments as high level with the technical details to be covered in the protocols.","start":3473.435,"end":3484.643,"topics":[{"key":"high-level-commitments","label":"Level of Detail in Commitments","description":"Many speakers argued that commitments in the framework convention should remain broad and high level, with technical detail left to later protocols. Others warned that language that is too general could become vague and make it harder for governments to understand what they are signing up to."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3473.435,"end":3473.515},{"text":"agree","start":3473.58,"end":3473.772},{"text":"with","start":3473.836,"end":3474.029},{"text":"many","start":3474.045,"end":3474.286},{"text":"such","start":3474.318,"end":3474.575},{"text":"as","start":3474.575,"end":3474.72},{"text":"India,","start":3474.784,"end":3475.105},{"text":"Tanzania,","start":3475.121,"end":3475.908},{"text":"and","start":3475.924,"end":3476.036},{"text":"Norway,","start":3476.084,"end":3476.566},{"text":"Chile,","start":3477.192,"end":3477.497},{"text":"and","start":3477.594,"end":3477.706},{"text":"UK","start":3477.754,"end":3478.124},{"text":"on","start":3478.573,"end":3478.669},{"text":"keeping","start":3478.718,"end":3479.103},{"text":"the","start":3479.28,"end":3479.488},{"text":"commitments","start":3479.617,"end":3480.323},{"text":"as","start":3480.404,"end":3480.468},{"text":"high","start":3480.564,"end":3480.773},{"text":"level","start":3480.901,"end":3481.287},{"text":"with","start":3481.303,"end":3481.463},{"text":"the","start":3481.463,"end":3481.704},{"text":"technical","start":3482.106,"end":3482.507},{"text":"details","start":3482.507,"end":3483.037},{"text":"to","start":3483.069,"end":3483.197},{"text":"be","start":3483.23,"end":3483.39},{"text":"covered","start":3483.39,"end":3483.775},{"text":"in","start":3483.775,"end":3483.84},{"text":"the","start":3483.936,"end":3484.097},{"text":"protocols.","start":3484.097,"end":3484.643}]},{"text":"While we see merit on discussing the commitment being more specific, we agree with the comments from UK, Austria, and Canada that this might create unforeseen limitations.","start":3486.039,"end":3496.123,"topics":[{"key":"high-level-commitments","label":"Level of Detail in Commitments","description":"Many speakers argued that commitments in the framework convention should remain broad and high level, with technical detail left to later protocols. 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The debate centered on how to express this idea in a way that is politically acceptable and useful for future tax rulemaking."},{"key":"source-market-rights","label":"Source and Market Jurisdiction Rights","description":"A recurring issue was whether countries where markets, users, labor, or economic participation are located should have stronger taxing rights, particularly over multinational enterprises. 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The debate centered on how to express this idea in a way that is politically acceptable and useful for future tax rulemaking."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3683.65,"end":3683.682},{"text":"agree","start":3683.682,"end":3683.939},{"text":"also","start":3684.31,"end":3684.809},{"text":"with","start":3685.05,"end":3685.276},{"text":"other","start":3685.356,"end":3685.533},{"text":"statements","start":3685.533,"end":3686.177},{"text":"and","start":3686.242,"end":3686.387},{"text":"what","start":3686.725,"end":3686.837},{"text":"has","start":3686.837,"end":3686.95},{"text":"also","start":3687.127,"end":3687.385},{"text":"been","start":3687.385,"end":3687.53},{"text":"reflected","start":3687.53,"end":3688.077},{"text":"in","start":3688.109,"end":3688.19},{"text":"the","start":3688.19,"end":3688.351},{"text":"issues","start":3688.351,"end":3688.641},{"text":"note,","start":3688.689,"end":3689.075},{"text":"is","start":3689.736,"end":3689.848},{"text":"that","start":3689.864,"end":3689.961},{"text":"there","start":3689.961,"end":3690.09},{"text":"are","start":3690.267,"end":3690.315},{"text":"many","start":3690.347,"end":3690.653},{"text":"different","start":3690.927,"end":3691.33},{"text":"interpretations","start":3691.33,"end":3692.424},{"text":"of","start":3693.004,"end":3693.149},{"text":"what","start":3693.346,"end":3693.53},{"text":"is","start":3693.53,"end":3693.646},{"text":"fair.","start":3694.246,"end":3694.613}]},{"text":"And like my colleague of the UK, amongst others, mentioned, it should not be limited to business activity or to corporate taxation.","start":3696.11,"end":3704.382,"topics":[{"key":"scope-of-taxes","label":"Scope Beyond Corporate Income Tax","description":"Multiple speakers questioned whether the commitment was being framed too narrowly around corporate income tax or business profits. 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what about value creation?","start":4185.082,"end":4186.479,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":4185.082,"end":4185.275},{"text":"what","start":4185.291,"end":4185.485},{"text":"about","start":4185.485,"end":4185.76},{"text":"value","start":4185.76,"end":4185.956},{"text":"creation?","start":4185.956,"end":4186.479}]},{"text":"And now we talked about economic and we talked about business 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think this is another question also that we need to explore together.","start":4204.999,"end":4210.736,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4204.999,"end":4205.032},{"text":"think","start":4205.08,"end":4205.307},{"text":"this","start":4205.307,"end":4205.437},{"text":"is","start":4205.55,"end":4205.648},{"text":"another","start":4205.648,"end":4205.972},{"text":"question","start":4205.972,"end":4206.426},{"text":"also","start":4206.442,"end":4207.576},{"text":"that","start":4208.403,"end":4208.63},{"text":"we","start":4208.63,"end":4208.711},{"text":"need","start":4208.711,"end":4208.938},{"text":"to","start":4208.97,"end":4209.083},{"text":"explore","start":4209.618,"end":4210.121},{"text":"together.","start":4210.429,"end":4210.736}]},{"text":"The distinguished delegate of Pakistan, followed by Zambia.","start":4213.27,"end":4215.178,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4213.27,"end":4213.302},{"text":"distinguished","start":4213.302,"end":4213.547},{"text":"delegate","start":4213.547,"end":4213.808},{"text":"of","start":4213.808,"end":4213.954},{"text":"Pakistan,","start":4213.954,"end":4214.427},{"text":"followed","start":4214.444,"end":4214.754},{"text":"by","start":4214.754,"end":4214.786},{"text":"Zambia.","start":4214.851,"end":4215.178}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"INC","affiliation_full":"INC","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":56,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":4218.61,"end":4219.743,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4218.61,"end":4218.793},{"text":"you,","start":4218.793,"end":4218.993},{"text":"Chair.","start":4219.46,"end":4219.743}]},{"text":"We would like to appreciate you and the Secretariat as well as the co-lead for very useful issue notes on Workstream 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we would just like to add our voice to what has already been said on the second part by Nigeria, Brazil, India, and 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do believe that the terms in this principles part can be too broad and open to interpretation and can entail vague commitments.","start":4242.779,"end":4254.968,"topics":[{"key":"high-level-commitments","label":"Level of Detail in Commitments","description":"Many speakers argued that commitments in the framework convention should remain broad and high level, with technical detail left to later protocols. 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think we would be very blind to not go back to what was already a high-level commitment approved by heads of state and government in Sevilla at the beginning of July, in which we have paragraph 28E, 28 on subnational finance, which begins with strengthening international tax cooperation, ensuring that international tax rules respond to the diverse needs, priorities, and capacities of all countries, especially in developing countries, and then sub-paragraph E, which I think, personally, it kind of elegantly brings a solution to the discussion between whether this is business-related or economic activity, because it says, \"We will make sure that all companies, including multinationals, pay taxes to the governments of countries where economic activity occurs and value is created in accordance with national and international laws and policies.\"","start":4396.748,"end":4445.053,"topics":[{"key":"high-level-commitments","label":"Level of Detail in Commitments","description":"Many speakers 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maybe this could be a way forward because if we're talking about high-level commitments on tax, we just basically did that a month ago in Sevilla.","start":4485.401,"end":4493.702,"topics":[{"key":"high-level-commitments","label":"Level of Detail in Commitments","description":"Many speakers argued that commitments in the framework convention should remain broad and high level, with technical detail left to later protocols. 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maybe take that and complement it for the convention and see how we can find more complementarities within this to this process 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The Secretary of Philippines, uh, followed by Jamaica.","start":4717.35,"end":4722.509,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4717.35,"end":4719.236},{"text":"you.","start":4719.284,"end":4719.333},{"text":"The","start":4719.478,"end":4719.542},{"text":"Secretary","start":4719.542,"end":4720.01},{"text":"of","start":4720.123,"end":4720.187},{"text":"Philippines,","start":4720.187,"end":4720.816},{"text":"uh,","start":4721.074,"end":4721.122},{"text":"followed","start":4721.88,"end":4722.057},{"text":"by","start":4722.057,"end":4722.138},{"text":"Jamaica.","start":4722.138,"end":4722.509}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"INC","affiliation_full":"INC","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":64,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Concerning the suggested commitments in paragraph 14, which proposes that the parties agree on approach to allocate taxing rights, recognizing that each jurisdiction where business activity of workers should participate in taxing the income generated from such activities.","start":4724.65,"end":4737.972,"topics":[{"key":"source-market-rights","label":"Source and Market Jurisdiction Rights","description":"A recurring issue was whether countries where markets, users, labor, or economic participation are located should have stronger taxing rights, particularly over multinational enterprises. Developing countries stressed source-based and market-based taxation as essential for a more equitable international tax order and stronger domestic resource mobilization."},{"key":"tax-nexus-terminology","label":"Tax Nexus and Value Creation","description":"Several interventions focused on the wording used to identify where taxing rights arise, especially the terms business activity, economic activity, value creation, and revenue generation. Delegations stressed that the choice of terminology matters because it affects how tax bases, sourcing rules, and thresholds would later be interpreted."}],"words":[{"text":"Concerning","start":4724.65,"end":4724.892},{"text":"the","start":4724.989,"end":4725.183},{"text":"suggested","start":4725.183,"end":4725.732},{"text":"commitments","start":4725.732,"end":4726.233},{"text":"in","start":4726.233,"end":4726.347},{"text":"paragraph","start":4726.524,"end":4726.864},{"text":"14,","start":4726.864,"end":4727.316},{"text":"which","start":4727.979,"end":4728.044},{"text":"proposes","start":4728.141,"end":4728.529},{"text":"that","start":4728.561,"end":4728.787},{"text":"the","start":4728.787,"end":4728.884},{"text":"parties","start":4728.884,"end":4729.337},{"text":"agree","start":4729.434,"end":4729.789},{"text":"on","start":4729.854,"end":4729.902},{"text":"approach","start":4729.951,"end":4730.387},{"text":"to","start":4730.436,"end":4730.549},{"text":"allocate","start":4730.565,"end":4730.904},{"text":"taxing","start":4730.904,"end":4731.195},{"text":"rights,","start":4731.292,"end":4731.713},{"text":"recognizing","start":4732.1,"end":4732.65},{"text":"that","start":4732.682,"end":4732.812},{"text":"each","start":4732.909,"end":4733.054},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":4733.167,"end":4733.765},{"text":"where","start":4733.878,"end":4733.991},{"text":"business","start":4734.056,"end":4734.234},{"text":"activity","start":4734.234,"end":4734.476},{"text":"of","start":4734.509,"end":4734.557},{"text":"workers","start":4734.6,"end":4734.808},{"text":"should","start":4734.808,"end":4734.969},{"text":"participate","start":4735.033,"end":4735.756},{"text":"in","start":4735.756,"end":4735.804},{"text":"taxing","start":4735.917,"end":4736.206},{"text":"the","start":4736.302,"end":4736.366},{"text":"income","start":4736.382,"end":4736.639},{"text":"generated","start":4736.639,"end":4737.041},{"text":"from","start":4737.041,"end":4737.169},{"text":"such","start":4737.201,"end":4737.442},{"text":"activities.","start":4737.442,"end":4737.972}]},{"text":"The Philippines comments as follows: So while this underlying principle is welcomed and aligns with our aspirations for a fairer global tax system, the critical aspect for developing nations lies on precisely how— where business activity takes place is defined and how we envision this to be operationalized.","start":4739.113,"end":4757.487,"topics":[{"key":"fair-allocation","label":"Fair Allocation of Taxing Rights","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed fair allocation of taxing rights as a core commitment of the convention, while acknowledging that the meaning of fairness is subjective and open to different interpretations. 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Chair.","start":5212.26,"end":5213.754,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5212.26,"end":5212.372},{"text":"you","start":5212.372,"end":5212.404},{"text":"very","start":5212.404,"end":5212.533},{"text":"much,","start":5212.533,"end":5212.742},{"text":"Mr.","start":5213.079,"end":5213.353},{"text":"Chair.","start":5213.417,"end":5213.754}]},{"text":"The business community very much values the draft issues note's references to principles such as economic efficiency, tax neutrality, simplicity, and administrability.","start":5214.687,"end":5225.799,"topics":[{"key":"economic-tax-principles","label":"Economic and Administrative Principles","description":"A major topic was whether concepts such as economic efficiency, tax neutrality, simplicity, administrability, equity, and ease of compliance should be explicitly referenced. Delegations debated whether these should guide the convention as general principles, be repeated inside specific commitments, or be developed further in protocols."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5214.687,"end":5214.783},{"text":"business","start":5214.783,"end":5215.105},{"text":"community","start":5215.105,"end":5215.555},{"text":"very","start":5216.133,"end":5216.278},{"text":"much","start":5216.294,"end":5216.487},{"text":"values","start":5216.551,"end":5217.082},{"text":"the","start":5217.178,"end":5217.275},{"text":"draft","start":5217.275,"end":5217.757},{"text":"issues","start":5217.757,"end":5218.127},{"text":"note's","start":5218.143,"end":5218.464},{"text":"references","start":5218.464,"end":5219.091},{"text":"to","start":5219.187,"end":5219.461},{"text":"principles","start":5219.911,"end":5220.457},{"text":"such","start":5220.473,"end":5220.602},{"text":"as","start":5220.714,"end":5220.779},{"text":"economic","start":5220.956,"end":5221.458},{"text":"efficiency,","start":5221.523,"end":5222.154},{"text":"tax","start":5223.158,"end":5223.466},{"text":"neutrality,","start":5223.466,"end":5224.049},{"text":"simplicity,","start":5224.065,"end":5224.908},{"text":"and","start":5224.94,"end":5225.037},{"text":"administrability.","start":5225.037,"end":5225.799}]},{"text":"As well as the potential impact of any changes on cross-border trades and investments.","start":5226.526,"end":5231.448,"topics":[{"key":"tax-certainty-investment","label":"Tax Certainty and Investment Effects","description":"Delegations discussed the risk that unclear or overly complex rules could create double taxation, overtaxation, disputes, and uncertainty. Several speakers also linked the design of the convention to its effects on cross-border trade, investment, and the coherence of existing tax arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":5226.526,"end":5226.59},{"text":"well","start":5226.703,"end":5226.816},{"text":"as","start":5226.865,"end":5226.994},{"text":"the","start":5227.01,"end":5227.091},{"text":"potential","start":5227.091,"end":5227.559},{"text":"impact","start":5227.655,"end":5228.204},{"text":"of","start":5228.478,"end":5228.559},{"text":"any","start":5228.559,"end":5228.721},{"text":"changes","start":5228.721,"end":5229.124},{"text":"on","start":5229.124,"end":5229.253},{"text":"cross-border","start":5229.269,"end":5229.931},{"text":"trades","start":5229.931,"end":5230.544},{"text":"and","start":5230.738,"end":5230.835},{"text":"investments.","start":5230.835,"end":5231.448}]},{"text":"However, we would also urge the Committee to explicitly include the provision of tax certainty as a guiding principle within this commitment.","start":5232.094,"end":5241.873,"topics":[{"key":"economic-tax-principles","label":"Economic and Administrative Principles","description":"A major topic was whether concepts such as economic efficiency, tax neutrality, simplicity, administrability, equity, and ease of compliance should be explicitly referenced. 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The debate centered on how to express this idea in a way that is politically acceptable and useful for future tax rulemaking."}],"words":[{"text":"Returning","start":5243.37,"end":5243.709},{"text":"to","start":5243.709,"end":5243.807},{"text":"the","start":5243.807,"end":5243.887},{"text":"concept","start":5243.887,"end":5244.454},{"text":"of","start":5244.454,"end":5244.583},{"text":"fairness,","start":5244.778,"end":5245.296},{"text":"an","start":5245.344,"end":5245.49},{"text":"interesting","start":5245.49,"end":5245.959},{"text":"discussion","start":5245.992,"end":5246.445},{"text":"so","start":5246.493,"end":5246.72},{"text":"far","start":5246.72,"end":5247.027},{"text":"this","start":5247.027,"end":5247.27},{"text":"morning,","start":5247.27,"end":5247.497},{"text":"as","start":5247.998,"end":5248.063},{"text":"the","start":5248.16,"end":5248.225},{"text":"draft","start":5248.241,"end":5248.516},{"text":"issues","start":5248.516,"end":5248.792},{"text":"notes","start":5248.905,"end":5249.245},{"text":"rightly","start":5249.941,"end":5250.281},{"text":"points","start":5250.281,"end":5250.637},{"text":"out,","start":5250.75,"end":5251.074},{"text":"perceptions","start":5251.09,"end":5251.705},{"text":"of","start":5251.802,"end":5251.883},{"text":"what","start":5251.899,"end":5252.174},{"text":"what","start":5252.13,"end":5252.29},{"text":"constitutes","start":5252.322,"end":5252.981},{"text":"a","start":5252.981,"end":5252.997},{"text":"fair","start":5253.029,"end":5253.478},{"text":"allocation","start":5253.526,"end":5254.169},{"text":"of","start":5254.169,"end":5254.297},{"text":"taxing","start":5254.313,"end":5254.618},{"text":"rights","start":5254.715,"end":5255.052},{"text":"are","start":5255.598,"end":5255.646},{"text":"inherent—","start":5255.694,"end":5256.336},{"text":"inherently","start":5256.336,"end":5256.754},{"text":"subjective,","start":5256.754,"end":5257.525},{"text":"and","start":5258.103,"end":5258.167},{"text":"we're","start":5258.263,"end":5258.408},{"text":"conscious","start":5258.408,"end":5258.793},{"text":"that","start":5258.905,"end":5259.066},{"text":"these","start":5259.066,"end":5259.275},{"text":"perceptions","start":5259.387,"end":5260.318},{"text":"may","start":5260.607,"end":5260.752},{"text":"vary","start":5260.912,"end":5261.234},{"text":"significantly","start":5261.234,"end":5262.085},{"text":"across","start":5262.101,"end":5262.502},{"text":"jurisdictions","start":5262.502,"end":5263.337},{"text":"shaped","start":5263.947,"end":5264.365},{"text":"by","start":5264.365,"end":5264.557},{"text":"each","start":5265.007,"end":5265.135},{"text":"country's","start":5265.232,"end":5265.986},{"text":"unique","start":5266.516,"end":5266.934},{"text":"economic","start":5266.934,"end":5267.496},{"text":"structure,","start":5267.496,"end":5268.09},{"text":"their","start":5268.523,"end":5268.684},{"text":"fiscal","start":5268.684,"end":5269.085},{"text":"needs,","start":5269.085,"end":5269.551},{"text":"policy","start":5269.583,"end":5269.952},{"text":"priorities,","start":5269.984,"end":5270.595},{"text":"and","start":5271.253,"end":5271.494},{"text":"historical","start":5271.494,"end":5272.136},{"text":"experience.","start":5272.537,"end":5273.276}]},{"text":"We firmly believe that fairness, particularly in a legal and tax policy context should emerge from principles-based rules that are transparent, objective, and embedded in legally binding and democratically adopted provisions.","start":5273.918,"end":5288.337,"topics":[{"key":"fair-allocation","label":"Fair Allocation of Taxing Rights","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed fair allocation of taxing rights as a core commitment of the convention, while acknowledging that the meaning of fairness is subjective and open to different interpretations. The debate centered on how to express this idea in a way that is politically acceptable and useful for future tax rulemaking."},{"key":"economic-tax-principles","label":"Economic and Administrative Principles","description":"A major topic was whether concepts such as economic efficiency, tax neutrality, simplicity, administrability, equity, and ease of compliance should be explicitly referenced. Delegations debated whether these should guide the convention as general principles, be repeated inside specific commitments, or be developed further in protocols."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5273.918,"end":5274.063},{"text":"firmly","start":5274.063,"end":5274.4},{"text":"believe","start":5274.4,"end":5274.801},{"text":"that","start":5274.801,"end":5275.139},{"text":"fairness,","start":5275.508,"end":5275.99},{"text":"particularly","start":5276.006,"end":5276.455},{"text":"in","start":5276.503,"end":5276.568},{"text":"a","start":5276.632,"end":5276.648},{"text":"legal","start":5276.728,"end":5277.098},{"text":"and","start":5277.194,"end":5277.354},{"text":"tax","start":5277.354,"end":5277.788},{"text":"policy","start":5277.66,"end":5278.013},{"text":"context","start":5278.077,"end":5278.783},{"text":"should","start":5279.217,"end":5279.458},{"text":"emerge","start":5279.458,"end":5279.827},{"text":"from","start":5279.923,"end":5280.036},{"text":"principles-based","start":5280.1,"end":5281.401},{"text":"rules","start":5281.449,"end":5281.834},{"text":"that","start":5281.85,"end":5282.011},{"text":"are","start":5282.011,"end":5282.059},{"text":"transparent,","start":5282.107,"end":5283.038},{"text":"objective,","start":5283.392,"end":5284.098},{"text":"and","start":5284.114,"end":5284.403},{"text":"embedded","start":5284.5,"end":5285.142},{"text":"in","start":5285.142,"end":5285.302},{"text":"legally","start":5285.302,"end":5285.688},{"text":"binding","start":5285.72,"end":5286.234},{"text":"and","start":5286.298,"end":5286.41},{"text":"democratically","start":5286.523,"end":5287.326},{"text":"adopted","start":5287.326,"end":5287.791},{"text":"provisions.","start":5287.791,"end":5288.337}]},{"text":"Ultimately, rules that ensure predictability, equal treatment, and due process are the ones that make tax systems fair in practice.","start":5288.931,"end":5297.329,"topics":[{"key":"economic-tax-principles","label":"Economic and Administrative Principles","description":"A major topic was whether concepts such as economic efficiency, tax neutrality, simplicity, administrability, equity, and ease of compliance should be explicitly referenced. Delegations debated whether these should guide the convention as general principles, be repeated inside specific commitments, or be developed further in protocols."}],"words":[{"text":"Ultimately,","start":5288.931,"end":5289.397},{"text":"rules","start":5289.413,"end":5289.702},{"text":"that","start":5289.798,"end":5289.895},{"text":"ensure","start":5289.895,"end":5290.248},{"text":"predictability,","start":5290.296,"end":5291.147},{"text":"equal","start":5292.046,"end":5292.303},{"text":"treatment,","start":5292.303,"end":5292.881},{"text":"and","start":5293.026,"end":5293.17},{"text":"due","start":5293.17,"end":5293.347},{"text":"process","start":5293.347,"end":5293.861},{"text":"are","start":5294.294,"end":5294.342},{"text":"the","start":5294.39,"end":5294.471},{"text":"ones","start":5294.535,"end":5294.76},{"text":"that","start":5294.792,"end":5294.904},{"text":"make","start":5294.904,"end":5295.129},{"text":"tax","start":5295.129,"end":5295.37},{"text":"systems","start":5295.37,"end":5296.044},{"text":"fair","start":5296.382,"end":5296.735},{"text":"in","start":5296.735,"end":5296.879},{"text":"practice.","start":5296.879,"end":5297.329}]},{"text":"And prompted by some of the discussion this morning, when delegates do move on to the detailed discussions of a potential Protocol 1, whether that be in relation to income, profits, or economic activity.","start":5298.405,"end":5312.422,"topics":[{"key":"tax-nexus-terminology","label":"Tax Nexus and Value Creation","description":"Several interventions focused on the wording used to identify where taxing rights arise, especially the terms business activity, economic activity, value creation, and revenue generation. Delegations stressed that the choice of terminology matters because it affects how tax bases, sourcing rules, and thresholds would later be interpreted."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5298.405,"end":5298.549},{"text":"prompted","start":5298.549,"end":5298.951},{"text":"by","start":5298.951,"end":5299.079},{"text":"some","start":5299.769,"end":5299.946},{"text":"of","start":5299.946,"end":5300.026},{"text":"the","start":5300.026,"end":5300.058},{"text":"discussion","start":5300.058,"end":5300.556},{"text":"this","start":5300.556,"end":5300.733},{"text":"morning,","start":5300.733,"end":5301.022},{"text":"when","start":5301.118,"end":5301.182},{"text":"delegates","start":5301.375,"end":5301.777},{"text":"do","start":5301.777,"end":5301.953},{"text":"move","start":5301.953,"end":5302.339},{"text":"on","start":5302.339,"end":5302.451},{"text":"to","start":5302.563,"end":5302.74},{"text":"the","start":5302.74,"end":5303.334},{"text":"detailed","start":5303.607,"end":5304.089},{"text":"discussions","start":5304.089,"end":5304.715},{"text":"of","start":5304.747,"end":5304.956},{"text":"a","start":5305.068,"end":5305.084},{"text":"potential","start":5305.213,"end":5305.678},{"text":"Protocol","start":5305.791,"end":5306.256},{"text":"1,","start":5306.417,"end":5306.642},{"text":"whether","start":5307.316,"end":5307.573},{"text":"that","start":5307.573,"end":5307.75},{"text":"be","start":5307.798,"end":5307.958},{"text":"in","start":5307.958,"end":5308.103},{"text":"relation","start":5308.103,"end":5308.52},{"text":"to","start":5308.52,"end":5308.825},{"text":"income,","start":5308.906,"end":5309.275},{"text":"profits,","start":5309.885,"end":5310.367},{"text":"or","start":5310.431,"end":5310.704},{"text":"economic","start":5310.945,"end":5311.507},{"text":"activity.","start":5311.972,"end":5312.422}]},{"text":"And however that is defined, maybe a broad-based business advisory group could help in this regard.","start":5312.534,"end":5319.278,"topics":[{"key":"tax-nexus-terminology","label":"Tax Nexus and Value Creation","description":"Several interventions focused on the wording used to identify where taxing rights arise, especially the terms business activity, economic activity, value creation, and revenue generation. 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Union.","start":5680.552,"end":5682.362,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5680.552,"end":5680.842},{"text":"you,","start":5680.842,"end":5680.891},{"text":"Representative","start":5680.907,"end":5681.457},{"text":"of","start":5681.521,"end":5681.731},{"text":"African","start":5681.731,"end":5682.038},{"text":"Union.","start":5682.071,"end":5682.362}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"INC","affiliation_full":"INC","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":78,"paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chair.","start":5686.05,"end":5687.036,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5686.05,"end":5686.254},{"text":"you,","start":5686.254,"end":5686.339},{"text":"Mr.","start":5686.356,"end":5686.713},{"text":"Chair.","start":5686.764,"end":5687.036}]},{"text":"Excellencies, distinguished delegates, the African Union aligns its intervention with the position of the Africa Group, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, ATEF, and extends its sincere appreciation to the co-leads and the Secretariat for their continued leadership in the— in this vital 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African Union therefore strongly supports the inclusion of clear ambitions commitments within the Framework Convention on Fair Allocation of Taxing Rights, including the equitable taxation of multinational corporations and enterprises.","start":5706.615,"end":5720.772,"topics":[{"key":"fair-allocation","label":"Fair Allocation of Taxing Rights","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed fair allocation of taxing rights as a core commitment of the convention, while acknowledging that the meaning of fairness is subjective and open to different interpretations. 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Developing countries stressed source-based and market-based taxation as essential for a more equitable international tax order and stronger domestic resource mobilization."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5706.615,"end":5706.695},{"text":"African","start":5706.84,"end":5707.112},{"text":"Union","start":5707.176,"end":5707.465},{"text":"therefore","start":5707.561,"end":5707.85},{"text":"strongly","start":5707.85,"end":5708.314},{"text":"supports","start":5708.314,"end":5708.779},{"text":"the","start":5708.779,"end":5708.94},{"text":"inclusion","start":5708.94,"end":5709.389},{"text":"of","start":5709.421,"end":5709.549},{"text":"clear","start":5709.581,"end":5709.966},{"text":"ambitions","start":5709.966,"end":5710.511},{"text":"commitments","start":5711.008,"end":5711.922},{"text":"within","start":5712.066,"end":5712.338},{"text":"the","start":5712.386,"end":5712.467},{"text":"Framework","start":5712.467,"end":5712.851},{"text":"Convention","start":5712.931,"end":5713.557},{"text":"on","start":5713.669,"end":5713.765},{"text":"Fair","start":5713.829,"end":5713.974},{"text":"Allocation","start":5713.974,"end":5714.583},{"text":"of","start":5714.615,"end":5714.663},{"text":"Taxing","start":5714.711,"end":5715.08},{"text":"Rights,","start":5715.176,"end":5715.448},{"text":"including","start":5715.577,"end":5716.026},{"text":"the","start":5716.138,"end":5716.218},{"text":"equitable","start":5716.298,"end":5716.795},{"text":"taxation","start":5716.795,"end":5717.324},{"text":"of","start":5717.356,"end":5717.436},{"text":"multinational","start":5717.436,"end":5718.222},{"text":"corporations","start":5718.719,"end":5719.328},{"text":"and","start":5719.424,"end":5719.697},{"text":"enterprises.","start":5720.146,"end":5720.772}]},{"text":"In our view, such a commitment should avoid prescriptive definitions of where business activities take place.","start":5721.768,"end":5728.98,"topics":[{"key":"tax-nexus-terminology","label":"Tax Nexus and Value Creation","description":"Several interventions focused on the wording used to identify where taxing rights arise, especially the terms business activity, economic activity, value creation, and revenue generation. Delegations stressed that the choice of terminology matters because it affects how tax bases, sourcing rules, and thresholds would later be interpreted."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5721.768,"end":5721.912},{"text":"our","start":5721.912,"end":5722.169},{"text":"view,","start":5722.169,"end":5722.378},{"text":"such","start":5722.924,"end":5723.213},{"text":"a","start":5723.213,"end":5723.278},{"text":"commitment","start":5723.278,"end":5723.856},{"text":"should","start":5723.856,"end":5724.193},{"text":"avoid","start":5724.884,"end":5725.43},{"text":"prescriptive","start":5725.462,"end":5726.233},{"text":"definitions","start":5726.265,"end":5727.036},{"text":"of","start":5727.149,"end":5727.229},{"text":"where","start":5727.229,"end":5727.454},{"text":"business","start":5727.454,"end":5727.791},{"text":"activities","start":5727.791,"end":5728.401},{"text":"take","start":5728.434,"end":5728.739},{"text":"place.","start":5728.739,"end":5728.98}]},{"text":"Instead, we call for a commitment that is grounded in the language of paragraph 10A of the terms of reference.","start":5729.478,"end":5736.224,"topics":[{"key":"tax-nexus-terminology","label":"Tax Nexus and Value Creation","description":"Several interventions focused on the wording used to identify where taxing rights arise, especially the terms business activity, economic activity, value creation, and revenue generation. Delegations stressed that the choice of terminology matters because it affects how tax bases, sourcing rules, and thresholds would later be interpreted."}],"words":[{"text":"Instead,","start":5729.478,"end":5729.911},{"text":"we","start":5730.184,"end":5730.281},{"text":"call","start":5730.281,"end":5730.474},{"text":"for","start":5730.586,"end":5730.763},{"text":"a","start":5730.763,"end":5730.843},{"text":"commitment","start":5730.843,"end":5731.357},{"text":"that","start":5731.405,"end":5731.582},{"text":"is","start":5731.582,"end":5731.694},{"text":"grounded","start":5731.791,"end":5732.289},{"text":"in","start":5732.289,"end":5732.353},{"text":"the","start":5732.369,"end":5732.513},{"text":"language","start":5732.513,"end":5732.979},{"text":"of","start":5733.413,"end":5733.509},{"text":"paragraph","start":5733.557,"end":5734.12},{"text":"10A","start":5734.136,"end":5734.618},{"text":"of","start":5735.019,"end":5735.164},{"text":"the","start":5735.164,"end":5735.26},{"text":"terms","start":5735.26,"end":5735.549},{"text":"of","start":5735.581,"end":5735.662},{"text":"reference.","start":5735.662,"end":5736.224}]},{"text":"We also acknowledge that the profound transformation brought about by digitalization, which is rapidly increasing the mobility of people, goods services, capital flows, outpacing the current reach of traditional tax rules that we have had for a long time.","start":5736.866,"end":5753.85,"topics":[{"key":"digital-services-taxation","label":"Digital Economy and Cross-Border Services","description":"Speakers highlighted the need for the convention to address taxation in a digitalized and globalized economy, including cross-border services and situations with no physical presence. 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Several speakers also linked the design of the convention to its effects on cross-border trade, investment, and the coherence of existing tax arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5736.866,"end":5737.011},{"text":"also","start":5737.027,"end":5737.348},{"text":"acknowledge","start":5737.348,"end":5737.878},{"text":"that","start":5737.991,"end":5738.248},{"text":"the","start":5738.472,"end":5738.633},{"text":"profound","start":5738.633,"end":5739.195},{"text":"transformation","start":5739.195,"end":5739.95},{"text":"brought","start":5739.998,"end":5740.239},{"text":"about","start":5740.239,"end":5740.561},{"text":"by","start":5740.561,"end":5740.721},{"text":"digitalization,","start":5740.721,"end":5741.717},{"text":"which","start":5741.845,"end":5741.974},{"text":"is","start":5742.07,"end":5742.135},{"text":"rapidly","start":5742.231,"end":5742.697},{"text":"increasing","start":5742.729,"end":5743.42},{"text":"the","start":5743.773,"end":5743.917},{"text":"mobility","start":5743.917,"end":5744.464},{"text":"of","start":5744.64,"end":5744.833},{"text":"people,","start":5744.962,"end":5745.411},{"text":"goods","start":5745.604,"end":5745.909},{"text":"services,","start":5746.118,"end":5746.792},{"text":"capital","start":5747.305,"end":5747.834},{"text":"flows,","start":5747.866,"end":5748.235},{"text":"outpacing","start":5748.813,"end":5749.358},{"text":"the","start":5749.791,"end":5749.952},{"text":"current","start":5749.952,"end":5750.513},{"text":"reach","start":5750.577,"end":5750.818},{"text":"of","start":5750.914,"end":5750.994},{"text":"traditional","start":5750.994,"end":5751.508},{"text":"tax","start":5751.556,"end":5751.941},{"text":"rules","start":5751.941,"end":5752.165},{"text":"that","start":5752.197,"end":5752.358},{"text":"we","start":5752.358,"end":5752.518},{"text":"have","start":5752.518,"end":5752.695},{"text":"had","start":5752.743,"end":5752.887},{"text":"for","start":5752.983,"end":5753.112},{"text":"a","start":5753.144,"end":5753.24},{"text":"long","start":5753.24,"end":5753.368},{"text":"time.","start":5753.481,"end":5753.85}]},{"text":"The convention must be forward-looking and adaptable, equipping developing countries, especially those in Africa, with the tools to safeguard their taxing rights in this new landscape.","start":5754.443,"end":5764.95,"topics":[{"key":"source-market-rights","label":"Source and Market Jurisdiction Rights","description":"A recurring issue was whether countries where markets, users, labor, or economic participation are located should have stronger taxing rights, particularly over multinational enterprises. Developing countries stressed source-based and market-based taxation as essential for a more equitable international tax order and stronger domestic resource mobilization."},{"key":"tax-certainty-investment","label":"Tax Certainty and Investment Effects","description":"Delegations discussed the risk that unclear or overly complex rules could create double taxation, overtaxation, disputes, and uncertainty. Several speakers also linked the design of the convention to its effects on cross-border trade, investment, and the coherence of existing tax arrangements."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5754.443,"end":5754.523},{"text":"convention","start":5754.587,"end":5755.213},{"text":"must","start":5755.245,"end":5755.55},{"text":"be","start":5755.55,"end":5755.614},{"text":"forward-looking","start":5755.63,"end":5756.416},{"text":"and","start":5756.609,"end":5756.673},{"text":"adaptable,","start":5756.769,"end":5757.362},{"text":"equipping","start":5757.892,"end":5758.341},{"text":"developing","start":5758.373,"end":5758.902},{"text":"countries,","start":5758.934,"end":5759.464},{"text":"especially","start":5759.512,"end":5760.105},{"text":"those","start":5760.121,"end":5760.266},{"text":"in","start":5760.314,"end":5760.458},{"text":"Africa,","start":5760.458,"end":5761.004},{"text":"with","start":5761.084,"end":5761.164},{"text":"the","start":5761.164,"end":5761.26},{"text":"tools","start":5761.341,"end":5761.71},{"text":"to","start":5761.742,"end":5761.838},{"text":"safeguard","start":5761.838,"end":5762.512},{"text":"their","start":5762.864,"end":5763.025},{"text":"taxing","start":5763.025,"end":5763.474},{"text":"rights","start":5763.506,"end":5763.907},{"text":"in","start":5763.907,"end":5763.955},{"text":"this","start":5763.987,"end":5764.228},{"text":"new","start":5764.228,"end":5764.404},{"text":"landscape.","start":5764.452,"end":5764.95}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, the wording in paragraph 10 of the terms of reference therefore offers a principled foundation for further elaboration through future future protocols while maintaining the necessary flexibility to respond to a changing world.","start":5765.688,"end":5779.088,"topics":[{"key":"high-level-commitments","label":"Level of Detail in Commitments","description":"Many speakers argued that commitments in the framework convention should remain broad and high level, with technical detail left to later protocols. Others warned that language that is too general could become vague and make it harder for governments to understand what they are signing up to."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5765.688,"end":5765.928},{"text":"Chair,","start":5765.992,"end":5766.185},{"text":"the","start":5766.875,"end":5766.923},{"text":"wording","start":5767.019,"end":5767.324},{"text":"in","start":5767.356,"end":5767.484},{"text":"paragraph","start":5767.5,"end":5767.981},{"text":"10","start":5767.981,"end":5768.527},{"text":"of","start":5768.543,"end":5768.607},{"text":"the","start":5768.639,"end":5768.719},{"text":"terms","start":5768.719,"end":5769.04},{"text":"of","start":5769.056,"end":5769.136},{"text":"reference","start":5769.185,"end":5769.602},{"text":"therefore","start":5769.602,"end":5770.179},{"text":"offers","start":5770.243,"end":5770.532},{"text":"a","start":5770.564,"end":5770.644},{"text":"principled","start":5770.644,"end":5771.254},{"text":"foundation","start":5771.286,"end":5771.976},{"text":"for","start":5771.992,"end":5772.152},{"text":"further","start":5772.152,"end":5772.473},{"text":"elaboration","start":5772.489,"end":5773.098},{"text":"through","start":5773.211,"end":5773.371},{"text":"future","start":5773.371,"end":5773.644},{"text":"future","start":5773.5,"end":5773.644},{"text":"protocols","start":5773.692,"end":5774.463},{"text":"while","start":5774.881,"end":5775.073},{"text":"maintaining","start":5775.121,"end":5775.748},{"text":"the","start":5775.86,"end":5775.908},{"text":"necessary","start":5776.005,"end":5776.503},{"text":"flexibility","start":5776.503,"end":5777.354},{"text":"to","start":5777.386,"end":5777.53},{"text":"respond","start":5777.53,"end":5777.996},{"text":"to","start":5778.028,"end":5778.173},{"text":"a","start":5778.189,"end":5778.269},{"text":"changing","start":5778.269,"end":5778.719},{"text":"world.","start":5778.735,"end":5779.088}]},{"text":"Let us be cautious not to embed rigid definitions or overly technical thresholds in the Convention itself.","start":5779.955,"end":5785.881,"topics":[{"key":"high-level-commitments","label":"Level of Detail in Commitments","description":"Many speakers argued that commitments in the framework convention should remain broad and high level, with technical detail left to later protocols. Others warned that language that is too general could become vague and make it harder for governments to understand what they are signing up to."}],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":5779.955,"end":5780.116},{"text":"us","start":5780.116,"end":5780.276},{"text":"be","start":5780.276,"end":5780.357},{"text":"cautious","start":5780.421,"end":5780.903},{"text":"not","start":5780.903,"end":5781.031},{"text":"to","start":5781.079,"end":5781.208},{"text":"embed","start":5781.304,"end":5781.609},{"text":"rigid","start":5781.706,"end":5782.027},{"text":"definitions","start":5782.107,"end":5782.765},{"text":"or","start":5782.91,"end":5783.103},{"text":"overly","start":5783.151,"end":5783.376},{"text":"technical","start":5783.488,"end":5784.034},{"text":"thresholds","start":5784.05,"end":5784.58},{"text":"in","start":5784.612,"end":5784.693},{"text":"the","start":5784.693,"end":5784.853},{"text":"Convention","start":5784.853,"end":5785.303},{"text":"itself.","start":5785.399,"end":5785.881}]},{"text":"Doing so would risk codifying the very inequalities that the Convention seeks to redress.","start":5786.379,"end":5791.309,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Doing","start":5786.379,"end":5786.587},{"text":"so","start":5786.7,"end":5787.069},{"text":"would","start":5787.101,"end":5787.326},{"text":"risk","start":5787.326,"end":5787.551},{"text":"codifying","start":5787.647,"end":5788.193},{"text":"the","start":5788.306,"end":5788.386},{"text":"very","start":5788.386,"end":5788.675},{"text":"inequalities","start":5788.788,"end":5789.607},{"text":"that","start":5789.655,"end":5789.767},{"text":"the","start":5789.767,"end":5789.896},{"text":"Convention","start":5789.896,"end":5790.361},{"text":"seeks","start":5790.474,"end":5790.779},{"text":"to","start":5790.779,"end":5790.875},{"text":"redress.","start":5790.875,"end":5791.309}]},{"text":"Our shared objectives must be to establish a fair and enduring framework, one that empowers all countries to mobilize domestic resources, uphold their sovereignty, and invest in the development priorities.","start":5792.224,"end":5805.777,"topics":[{"key":"fair-allocation","label":"Fair Allocation of Taxing Rights","description":"Delegations repeatedly discussed fair allocation of taxing rights as a core commitment of the convention, while acknowledging that the meaning of fairness is subjective and open to different interpretations. 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think, I mean, looking at our discussions since Monday, There had been a lot of discussion as to staying at high level and 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so the question in another way: Does the market jurisdictions are getting their fair tax rights right 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they do in consumption taxes.","start":6170.992,"end":6172.869,"topics":[{"key":"scope-of-taxes","label":"Scope Beyond Corporate Income Tax","description":"Multiple speakers questioned whether the commitment was being framed too narrowly around corporate income tax or business profits. 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principles is like the guiding framework for the commitment.","start":6451.317,"end":6454.716,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6451.317,"end":6451.365},{"text":"principles","start":6451.413,"end":6451.91},{"text":"is","start":6451.91,"end":6452.023},{"text":"like","start":6452.135,"end":6452.311},{"text":"the","start":6452.375,"end":6452.471},{"text":"guiding","start":6452.535,"end":6452.824},{"text":"framework","start":6452.92,"end":6453.497},{"text":"for","start":6453.882,"end":6453.994},{"text":"the","start":6453.994,"end":6454.139},{"text":"commitment.","start":6454.139,"end":6454.716}]},{"text":"And the principles, as we said yesterday, I think almost we have it in the TR, so it will be just moved to the convention, maybe with additions if 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this will be like the framework, the frame that that guide us, that you can't go— no one of the commitments that you will put on the member states who will sign should go apart from these 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it's there in the principles, so we don't need to repeat it, it's just it's different 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text, no one will be able just to give very specific definition what should be here and what should be Is 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so it looks like we've been discussing for more than 2 hours and a half now, so, and everyone is exhausted, and still we have some 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I, uh, I prefer to go for some rest, then we come back to continue the discussions on the same 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know that we have been discussing— or had been discussing this in the ad hoc committee 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the same that we are having right now because back then it was, for example, about which principles this committee, the INC, has to pursue in negotiating the Framework Convention.","start":6595.166,"end":6614.483,"topics":[{"key":"economic-tax-principles","label":"Economic and Administrative Principles","description":"A major topic was whether concepts such as economic efficiency, tax neutrality, simplicity, administrability, equity, and ease of compliance should be explicitly referenced. 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well.","start":6708.21,"end":6709.935,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":6708.21,"end":6708.47},{"text":"all","start":6708.536,"end":6708.633},{"text":"of","start":6708.633,"end":6708.78},{"text":"you","start":6708.78,"end":6708.845},{"text":"and","start":6709.04,"end":6709.187},{"text":"for","start":6709.187,"end":6709.366},{"text":"me","start":6709.366,"end":6709.463},{"text":"as","start":6709.528,"end":6709.626},{"text":"well.","start":6709.675,"end":6709.935}]},{"text":"Yes, it's difficult to be sitting here.","start":6710.977,"end":6713.272,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yes,","start":6710.977,"end":6711.107},{"text":"it's","start":6712.052,"end":6712.149},{"text":"difficult","start":6712.214,"end":6712.589},{"text":"to","start":6712.605,"end":6712.703},{"text":"be","start":6712.703,"end":6712.784},{"text":"sitting","start":6712.784,"end":6713.077},{"text":"here.","start":6713.11,"end":6713.272}]},{"text":"So I think we— now it's time for lunch break and we will convene again in the same room at 3 PM to resume our 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