{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/ru/ga/80/83?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/ru/ga/80/83.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k1l/k1levw45c4","kaltura_id":"1_levw45c4","title":"Генеральная Ассамблея: 83-е пленарное заседание, 80-я сессия","clean_title":"Генеральная Ассамблея: 83-е пленарное заседание, 80-я сессия","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1l/k1levw45c4","date":"2026-05-20T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-05-20T19:15:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"02:55:15","category":"Генеральная Ассамблея","body":"General Assembly","event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":"83rd plenary meeting","pv_symbol":"A/80/PV.83","pv_part":1,"slug":"ga/80/83"},"metadata":{"summary":"General Assembly: 83rd plenary meeting, 80th session","description":"- Report of the International Court of Justice - Item 73: draft resolution (A/80/L.65) and draft amendments (A/80/L.66, A/80/L.67, A/80/L.68, A/80/L.69/Rev.1)\nAction on the draft amendments and the draft resolution\n- Global health and foreign policy - Item 127: draft resolution (A/80/L.60)\nAction on the draft resolution","categories":["Meetings & Events","General Assembly","80th Session","Plenary"],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":["HEALTH","COOPERATION","JUSTICE","HUMAN RIGHTS"],"corporate_name":[],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"assemblyai-universal-3-pro-50d99342-9e3d-48e5-887e-338f86f39069","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":3.705,"pageUrl":"/ru/ga/80/83?lang=en&t=4","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Welcome back.","start":3.705,"end":4.427,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Welcome","start":3.705,"end":4.122},{"text":"back.","start":4.122,"end":4.427}]},{"text":"Please take your seats.","start":4.523,"end":5.742,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Please","start":4.523,"end":4.732},{"text":"take","start":4.828,"end":5.069},{"text":"your","start":5.069,"end":5.181},{"text":"seats.","start":5.181,"end":5.742}]},{"text":"The 83rd Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly is called to order.","start":10.459,"end":14.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10.459,"end":10.699},{"text":"83rd","start":11.004,"end":11.63},{"text":"Plenary","start":11.726,"end":12.031},{"text":"Meeting","start":12.063,"end":12.4},{"text":"of","start":12.464,"end":12.512},{"text":"the","start":12.56,"end":12.688},{"text":"General","start":12.688,"end":12.929},{"text":"Assembly","start":12.929,"end":13.474},{"text":"is","start":13.603,"end":13.715},{"text":"called","start":13.811,"end":14.276},{"text":"to","start":14.309,"end":14.453},{"text":"order.","start":14.533,"end":14.95}]},{"text":"The Assembly will resume its consideration of Agenda Item 73, entitled Report of the International 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ICJ, at the request of the General Assembly, provides legal guidance.","start":44.61,"end":49.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":44.61,"end":44.79},{"text":"ICJ,","start":44.79,"end":45.47},{"text":"at","start":45.47,"end":45.85},{"text":"the","start":45.85,"end":45.97},{"text":"request","start":45.97,"end":46.31},{"text":"of","start":46.31,"end":46.49},{"text":"the","start":46.49,"end":46.65},{"text":"General","start":46.65,"end":46.83},{"text":"Assembly,","start":46.83,"end":47.28},{"text":"provides","start":47.33,"end":47.87},{"text":"legal","start":47.87,"end":48.23},{"text":"guidance.","start":48.23,"end":49.43}]},{"text":"Member States in turn bring that guidance into the political 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change.","start":82.617,"end":86.776,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Particularly","start":82.617,"end":83.243},{"text":"one","start":83.58,"end":83.805},{"text":"as","start":84.319,"end":84.447},{"text":"consequential","start":84.48,"end":85.379},{"text":"as","start":85.587,"end":85.732},{"text":"climate","start":85.909,"end":86.326},{"text":"change.","start":86.326,"end":86.776}]},{"text":"The effectiveness of the United Nations depends on a coherent and collaborative relationship among its principal organs, the division of 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ICJ has fulfilled its responsibility as the principal organ, providing legal clarity on the question posed by the General 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is now the responsibility of this Assembly, in its role as the principal organ as well, to determine how that guidance informs political action.","start":107.83,"end":119.72,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":107.83,"end":108.43},{"text":"is","start":108.43,"end":108.61},{"text":"now","start":108.61,"end":108.97},{"text":"the","start":108.97,"end":109.05},{"text":"responsibility","start":109.05,"end":109.67},{"text":"of","start":109.67,"end":110.21},{"text":"this","start":110.21,"end":110.53},{"text":"Assembly,","start":110.53,"end":111.41},{"text":"in","start":111.41,"end":111.49},{"text":"its","start":111.49,"end":111.67},{"text":"role","start":111.67,"end":111.969},{"text":"as","start":111.969,"end":112.19},{"text":"the","start":112.19,"end":112.37},{"text":"principal","start":112.37,"end":112.69},{"text":"organ","start":112.69,"end":113.15},{"text":"as","start":113.15,"end":113.45},{"text":"well,","start":113.45,"end":114.2},{"text":"to","start":114.509,"end":114.549},{"text":"determine","start":114.549,"end":115.209},{"text":"how","start":115.209,"end":115.629},{"text":"that","start":115.629,"end":115.83},{"text":"guidance","start":115.83,"end":116.43},{"text":"informs","start":116.43,"end":117.15},{"text":"political","start":117.15,"end":118.07},{"text":"action.","start":118.07,"end":119.72}]},{"text":"By this, I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Vanuatu to introduce draft resolution 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President, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen.","start":142.52,"end":149.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":142.52,"end":143.719},{"text":"President,","start":143.719,"end":146.24},{"text":"Excellencies,","start":146.24,"end":147.82},{"text":"ladies","start":147.82,"end":147.84},{"text":"and","start":147.84,"end":148.18},{"text":"gentlemen.","start":148.18,"end":149.03}]},{"text":"Madam President, I have the honour to introduce draft resolution L.65 entitled \"Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice on the Obligation of States in Respect of Climate Change\" on behalf of Vanuatu and a co-group, a cross-regional group of States.","start":151.18,"end":174.03,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":151.18,"end":151.38},{"text":"President,","start":151.38,"end":154.54},{"text":"I","start":154.54,"end":154.92},{"text":"have","start":154.92,"end":155.18},{"text":"the","start":155.18,"end":155.46},{"text":"honour","start":155.46,"end":155.56},{"text":"to","start":155.56,"end":155.8},{"text":"introduce","start":155.8,"end":156.98},{"text":"draft","start":156.98,"end":157.46},{"text":"resolution","start":157.46,"end":158.12},{"text":"L.65","start":158.12,"end":159.07},{"text":"entitled","start":159.79,"end":160.64},{"text":"\"Advisory","start":160.64,"end":161.8},{"text":"Opinion","start":161.8,"end":162.32},{"text":"of","start":162.32,"end":162.62},{"text":"the","start":162.62,"end":162.74},{"text":"International","start":162.74,"end":163.24},{"text":"Court","start":163.24,"end":163.5},{"text":"of","start":163.5,"end":163.679},{"text":"Justice","start":163.679,"end":164.2},{"text":"on","start":164.2,"end":165.04},{"text":"the","start":165.04,"end":165.139},{"text":"Obligation","start":165.139,"end":165.639},{"text":"of","start":165.639,"end":165.82},{"text":"States","start":165.82,"end":166.179},{"text":"in","start":166.179,"end":166.479},{"text":"Respect","start":166.479,"end":166.92},{"text":"of","start":166.92,"end":167.16},{"text":"Climate","start":167.16,"end":167.42},{"text":"Change\"","start":167.42,"end":168.64},{"text":"on","start":168.64,"end":168.739},{"text":"behalf","start":168.739,"end":169.159},{"text":"of","start":169.159,"end":169.4},{"text":"Vanuatu","start":169.4,"end":169.819},{"text":"and","start":169.819,"end":170.499},{"text":"a","start":170.499,"end":170.72},{"text":"co-group,","start":170.72,"end":171.77},{"text":"a","start":171.86,"end":171.88},{"text":"cross-regional","start":171.88,"end":172.62},{"text":"group","start":172.62,"end":172.96},{"text":"of","start":172.96,"end":173.18},{"text":"States.","start":173.18,"end":174.03}]},{"text":"Three years ago, this Assembly came together, by consensus, to put to the principal judicial organ of the United Nations a question of profound consequence: What does international law require of States in the face of climate change?","start":175.06,"end":193.07,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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it is the source of the text's legitimacy.","start":384.62,"end":389.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":384.62,"end":384.759},{"text":"is","start":384.759,"end":385.02},{"text":"not","start":385.02,"end":385.22},{"text":"a","start":385.22,"end":385.46},{"text":"weakness;","start":385.46,"end":386.24},{"text":"it","start":386.24,"end":386.34},{"text":"is","start":386.34,"end":387.32},{"text":"the","start":387.32,"end":387.58},{"text":"source","start":387.58,"end":387.9},{"text":"of","start":387.9,"end":388.2},{"text":"the","start":388.2,"end":388.4},{"text":"text's","start":388.4,"end":388.86},{"text":"legitimacy.","start":388.86,"end":389.51}]},{"text":"Madam President, we should be honest with one another about why this matters.","start":390.24,"end":395.42,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":390.24,"end":390.48},{"text":"President,","start":390.48,"end":391.94},{"text":"we","start":391.94,"end":392.1},{"text":"should","start":392.1,"end":392.3},{"text":"be","start":392.3,"end":392.52},{"text":"honest","start":392.52,"end":392.86},{"text":"with","start":392.86,"end":393.1},{"text":"one","start":393.1,"end":393.34},{"text":"another","start":393.34,"end":393.8},{"text":"about","start":393.8,"end":394.3},{"text":"why","start":394.3,"end":394.62},{"text":"this","start":394.62,"end":394.84},{"text":"matters.","start":394.84,"end":395.42}]},{"text":"It matters because the harm is real, and it is already here—for low-lying islands and coastlines, for communities facing drought and failed harvests, for people whose homes, livelihoods, and cultures are being reshaped by forces they did nothing to set in motion.","start":395.53,"end":415.2,"topics":[{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer most. 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credibility of this institution and of the rule of law it exists to uphold is, in a real sense, before us 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resolution that welcomes a unanimous opinion of our own Court and acts to honour the law, as the Court has explained, it merits the broadest support across the Membership.","start":475.36,"end":489.8,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining 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asks delegations to step back from the work what is already their own.","start":508.378,"end":512.726,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":508.378,"end":508.458},{"text":"asks","start":508.587,"end":508.844},{"text":"delegations","start":508.844,"end":509.421},{"text":"to","start":509.485,"end":509.63},{"text":"step","start":509.63,"end":509.886},{"text":"back","start":509.886,"end":510.287},{"text":"from","start":510.448,"end":510.608},{"text":"the","start":510.673,"end":510.737},{"text":"work","start":510.833,"end":511.009},{"text":"what","start":511.411,"end":511.587},{"text":"is","start":511.587,"end":511.667},{"text":"already","start":511.796,"end":512.181},{"text":"their","start":512.437,"end":512.678},{"text":"own.","start":512.678,"end":512.726}]},{"text":"Vanuatu and the core group are therefore disappointed that these amendments have been 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consultation.","start":519.834,"end":532.859,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":519.834,"end":519.914},{"text":"same","start":519.914,"end":520.154},{"text":"proposals","start":520.154,"end":520.764},{"text":"have","start":520.78,"end":520.876},{"text":"been","start":520.876,"end":521.021},{"text":"made","start":521.037,"end":521.245},{"text":"during","start":521.342,"end":521.566},{"text":"the","start":522.24,"end":522.32},{"text":"negotiations","start":522.32,"end":523.091},{"text":"and","start":523.203,"end":523.331},{"text":"have","start":523.331,"end":523.411},{"text":"failed","start":523.443,"end":523.716},{"text":"to","start":523.764,"end":523.861},{"text":"attract","start":523.861,"end":524.262},{"text":"sufficient","start":524.262,"end":524.743},{"text":"support","start":524.743,"end":525.305},{"text":"to","start":525.529,"end":525.609},{"text":"be","start":525.609,"end":525.77},{"text":"included","start":525.77,"end":526.363},{"text":"in","start":526.48,"end":526.64},{"text":"the","start":526.64,"end":526.8},{"text":"final","start":526.8,"end":527.12},{"text":"text,","start":527.12,"end":527.8},{"text":"which","start":527.8,"end":527.8},{"text":"reflects","start":527.8,"end":528.48},{"text":"a","start":528.48,"end":528.9},{"text":"carefully","start":528.9,"end":529.22},{"text":"balanced","start":529.22,"end":529.62},{"text":"outcome","start":529.62,"end":530.16},{"text":"following","start":530.16,"end":530.76},{"text":"extensive","start":530.76,"end":531.38},{"text":"consultation.","start":531.38,"end":532.859}]},{"text":"The amendments substantially weaken the text on ambition and equity and risk undermining the Court's guidance.","start":532.859,"end":540.56,"topics":[{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."},{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":532.859,"end":532.96},{"text":"amendments","start":532.96,"end":533.42},{"text":"substantially","start":533.42,"end":534.239},{"text":"weaken","start":534.239,"end":534.62},{"text":"the","start":534.62,"end":534.839},{"text":"text","start":534.839,"end":535.099},{"text":"on","start":535.099,"end":535.56},{"text":"ambition","start":535.56,"end":536.019},{"text":"and","start":536.019,"end":536.78},{"text":"equity","start":536.78,"end":537.28},{"text":"and","start":537.28,"end":537.74},{"text":"risk","start":537.74,"end":538.019},{"text":"undermining","start":538.019,"end":538.64},{"text":"the","start":538.64,"end":538.92},{"text":"Court's","start":538.92,"end":539.339},{"text":"guidance.","start":539.339,"end":540.56}]},{"text":"We recognize the sovereign right of any delegation to propose amendments.","start":540.56,"end":545.64,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":540.56,"end":540.96},{"text":"recognize","start":540.96,"end":541.599},{"text":"the","start":541.599,"end":541.9},{"text":"sovereign","start":541.9,"end":542.259},{"text":"right","start":542.259,"end":542.56},{"text":"of","start":542.56,"end":542.86},{"text":"any","start":542.86,"end":543.08},{"text":"delegation","start":543.08,"end":543.6},{"text":"to","start":543.6,"end":544.12},{"text":"propose","start":544.12,"end":544.64},{"text":"amendments.","start":544.64,"end":545.64}]},{"text":"We also note that the same set of delegations has tabled the four amendments and we see them as a package.","start":545.64,"end":551.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":545.64,"end":545.76},{"text":"also","start":545.76,"end":546.08},{"text":"note","start":546.08,"end":546.48},{"text":"that","start":546.48,"end":546.76},{"text":"the","start":546.76,"end":546.96},{"text":"same","start":546.96,"end":547.08},{"text":"set","start":547.08,"end":547.36},{"text":"of","start":547.36,"end":547.5},{"text":"delegations","start":547.5,"end":548.12},{"text":"has","start":548.12,"end":548.38},{"text":"tabled","start":548.38,"end":548.84},{"text":"the","start":548.84,"end":549.08},{"text":"four","start":549.08,"end":549.32},{"text":"amendments","start":549.32,"end":549.72},{"text":"and","start":549.72,"end":550.02},{"text":"we","start":550.02,"end":550.28},{"text":"see","start":550.28,"end":550.42},{"text":"them","start":550.42,"end":550.76},{"text":"as","start":550.76,"end":551.08},{"text":"a","start":551.08,"end":551.2},{"text":"package.","start":551.2,"end":551.95}]},{"text":"In order to ensure an orderly process and to avoid reopening the carefully negotiated balance of the text paragraph by paragraph, the Core Group requests a single recorded vote to cover all four.","start":552.01,"end":565.35,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. 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and the Core Group will vote against the amendments, and we respectfully encourage all delegations to do likewise, so that the Assembly may then adopt the draft resolution L.65 as 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President, we have had the wish from a significant number of delegations to put their positions and legal points on the public record.","start":578.25,"end":588.699,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":578.25,"end":579.15},{"text":"President,","start":579.15,"end":580.15},{"text":"we","start":580.15,"end":580.15},{"text":"have","start":580.15,"end":580.39},{"text":"had","start":580.39,"end":580.61},{"text":"the","start":580.61,"end":580.73},{"text":"wish","start":580.73,"end":581.21},{"text":"from","start":581.21,"end":582.269},{"text":"a","start":582.269,"end":582.389},{"text":"significant","start":582.389,"end":582.87},{"text":"number","start":582.87,"end":583.37},{"text":"of","start":583.37,"end":583.429},{"text":"delegations","start":583.429,"end":584.03},{"text":"to","start":584.33,"end":584.67},{"text":"put","start":584.67,"end":585.009},{"text":"their","start":585.009,"end":585.33},{"text":"positions","start":585.33,"end":585.91},{"text":"and","start":585.91,"end":586.49},{"text":"legal","start":586.49,"end":586.75},{"text":"points","start":586.75,"end":587.17},{"text":"on","start":587.17,"end":587.449},{"text":"the","start":587.449,"end":587.57},{"text":"public","start":587.57,"end":587.85},{"text":"record.","start":587.85,"end":588.699}]},{"text":"Therefore, on a point of order, we request that the General Assembly allow for general statements to be held after action has been taken on L.65.","start":588.93,"end":601.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":588.93,"end":589.869},{"text":"on","start":590.55,"end":591.449},{"text":"a","start":591.449,"end":591.81},{"text":"point","start":591.81,"end":592.01},{"text":"of","start":592.01,"end":592.17},{"text":"order,","start":592.17,"end":592.869},{"text":"we","start":592.869,"end":592.89},{"text":"request","start":592.89,"end":593.35},{"text":"that","start":593.35,"end":593.59},{"text":"the","start":593.59,"end":593.709},{"text":"General","start":593.709,"end":594.29},{"text":"Assembly","start":594.29,"end":594.87},{"text":"allow","start":594.87,"end":595.49},{"text":"for","start":595.49,"end":595.77},{"text":"general","start":595.77,"end":596.03},{"text":"statements","start":596.03,"end":596.67},{"text":"to","start":596.67,"end":597.05},{"text":"be","start":597.05,"end":597.33},{"text":"held","start":597.33,"end":597.51},{"text":"after","start":597.51,"end":598.21},{"text":"action","start":598.21,"end":598.73},{"text":"has","start":598.73,"end":599.05},{"text":"been","start":599.05,"end":599.57},{"text":"taken","start":599.57,"end":599.57},{"text":"on","start":599.57,"end":599.89},{"text":"L.65.","start":599.89,"end":601.19}]},{"text":"To conclude, Madam President, This day will be remembered.","start":601.19,"end":605.635,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":601.19,"end":601.31},{"text":"conclude,","start":601.31,"end":602.26},{"text":"Madam","start":602.41,"end":602.57},{"text":"President,","start":602.57,"end":603.47},{"text":"This","start":604.257,"end":604.497},{"text":"day","start":604.513,"end":604.593},{"text":"will","start":604.834,"end":604.946},{"text":"be","start":604.994,"end":605.138},{"text":"remembered.","start":605.138,"end":605.635}]},{"text":"It will be remembered as the moment the United Nations received the considered judgment of its highest court on the defining challenge of our time, and decided what to do with it.","start":606.116,"end":616.856,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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and the core group believe this Assembly should meet that moment with unity, with seriousness, and with respect for the law and for one 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thank every delegation for the spirit of engagement, that has brought us to this day.","start":627.9,"end":633.3,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":627.9,"end":627.997},{"text":"thank","start":627.997,"end":628.301},{"text":"every","start":628.397,"end":628.622},{"text":"delegation","start":628.638,"end":629.247},{"text":"for","start":629.263,"end":629.423},{"text":"the","start":629.423,"end":629.503},{"text":"spirit","start":629.503,"end":629.92},{"text":"of","start":629.92,"end":630.016},{"text":"engagement,","start":630.016,"end":630.529},{"text":"that","start":630.79,"end":631.05},{"text":"has","start":631.05,"end":631.63},{"text":"brought","start":631.63,"end":631.89},{"text":"us","start":631.89,"end":632.33},{"text":"to","start":632.33,"end":632.49},{"text":"this","start":632.49,"end":632.65},{"text":"day.","start":632.65,"end":633.3}]},{"text":"Finally, Madam President, we warmly invite all the delegations that have not yet done so to add their names as co-sponsors.","start":633.95,"end":642.3,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":633.95,"end":634.45},{"text":"Madam","start":634.45,"end":634.57},{"text":"President,","start":634.57,"end":635.65},{"text":"we","start":635.65,"end":635.73},{"text":"warmly","start":635.73,"end":636.11},{"text":"invite","start":636.11,"end":636.549},{"text":"all","start":636.549,"end":636.83},{"text":"the","start":636.83,"end":637.129},{"text":"delegations","start":637.129,"end":637.73},{"text":"that","start":637.73,"end":638.25},{"text":"have","start":638.25,"end":638.509},{"text":"not","start":638.509,"end":638.71},{"text":"yet","start":638.71,"end":639.149},{"text":"done","start":639.149,"end":639.79},{"text":"so","start":639.79,"end":640.13},{"text":"to","start":640.13,"end":640.39},{"text":"add","start":640.39,"end":640.569},{"text":"their","start":640.569,"end":640.829},{"text":"names","start":640.829,"end":641.09},{"text":"as","start":641.09,"end":641.45},{"text":"co-sponsors.","start":641.45,"end":642.3}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":642.47,"end":643.569,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":642.47,"end":642.53},{"text":"thank","start":642.53,"end":642.89},{"text":"you.","start":642.89,"end":643.569}]},{"text":"Merci beaucoup.","start":643.569,"end":645.649,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Merci","start":643.569,"end":643.569},{"text":"beaucoup.","start":643.569,"end":645.649}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"VUT","affiliation_full":"Vanuatu","group":"Core Group","function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":3,"start":645.649,"pageUrl":"/ru/ga/80/83?lang=en&t=646","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Vanuatu.","start":645.649,"end":649.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":645.649,"end":645.909},{"text":"thank","start":645.909,"end":646.25},{"text":"the","start":646.25,"end":646.409},{"text":"distinguished","start":646.409,"end":646.89},{"text":"representative","start":646.89,"end":647.89},{"text":"of","start":647.89,"end":648.65},{"text":"Vanuatu.","start":648.65,"end":649.85}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Algeria to introduce draft amendment A/A.","start":650.59,"end":657.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":650.59,"end":650.81},{"text":"now","start":650.81,"end":651.25},{"text":"give","start":651.25,"end":651.39},{"text":"the","start":651.39,"end":651.49},{"text":"floor","start":651.49,"end":651.79},{"text":"to","start":651.79,"end":651.95},{"text":"the","start":651.95,"end":652.01},{"text":"distinguished","start":652.01,"end":652.37},{"text":"representative","start":652.37,"end":652.92},{"text":"of","start":653.11,"end":653.55},{"text":"Algeria","start":653.55,"end":654.39},{"text":"to","start":654.39,"end":654.57},{"text":"introduce","start":654.57,"end":655.19},{"text":"draft","start":655.19,"end":655.67},{"text":"amendment","start":655.67,"end":656.37},{"text":"A/A.","start":656.37,"end":657.23}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"GA","affiliation_full":"GA","group":null,"function":"President"}},{"statement_number":4,"start":660.84,"pageUrl":"/ru/ga/80/83?lang=en&t=661","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"80/L66. Thank you, Madam President.","start":660.84,"end":662.66,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"80/L66.","start":660.84,"end":661.49},{"text":"Thank","start":661.49,"end":661.49},{"text":"you,","start":661.49,"end":661.75},{"text":"Madam","start":661.75,"end":662.009},{"text":"President.","start":662.009,"end":662.66}]},{"text":"I have the honor to introduce the amendment to operative paragraph 3 of the draft resolution on behalf of the delegations of Bahrain, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Uganda, and Yemen, and my own delegation, Algeria.","start":662.87,"end":684.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":662.87,"end":662.91},{"text":"have","start":662.91,"end":663.089},{"text":"the","start":663.089,"end":663.29},{"text":"honor","start":663.29,"end":663.41},{"text":"to","start":663.41,"end":663.61},{"text":"introduce","start":663.61,"end":664.07},{"text":"the","start":664.07,"end":664.269},{"text":"amendment","start":664.269,"end":664.57},{"text":"to","start":664.57,"end":664.809},{"text":"operative","start":664.809,"end":665.21},{"text":"paragraph","start":665.21,"end":665.71},{"text":"3","start":665.89,"end":666.59},{"text":"of","start":666.59,"end":666.85},{"text":"the","start":666.85,"end":667.07},{"text":"draft","start":667.07,"end":667.23},{"text":"resolution","start":667.23,"end":667.83},{"text":"on","start":667.83,"end":668.51},{"text":"behalf","start":668.51,"end":668.789},{"text":"of","start":668.789,"end":668.97},{"text":"the","start":668.97,"end":669.109},{"text":"delegations","start":669.109,"end":669.57},{"text":"of","start":669.57,"end":669.83},{"text":"Bahrain,","start":669.83,"end":670.529},{"text":"the","start":670.869,"end":670.869},{"text":"Islamic","start":670.869,"end":671.23},{"text":"Republic","start":671.23,"end":671.609},{"text":"of","start":671.609,"end":671.81},{"text":"Iran,","start":671.81,"end":672.71},{"text":"Iraq,","start":672.91,"end":673.79},{"text":"Kuwait,","start":673.79,"end":674.85},{"text":"Nigeria,","start":674.85,"end":675.87},{"text":"Oman,","start":675.87,"end":676.59},{"text":"Pakistan,","start":676.59,"end":677.79},{"text":"Qatar,","start":677.79,"end":678.53},{"text":"Saudi","start":678.53,"end":678.87},{"text":"Arabia,","start":678.87,"end":679.87},{"text":"Sudan,","start":679.87,"end":680.79},{"text":"Uganda,","start":680.79,"end":681.63},{"text":"and","start":681.63,"end":681.81},{"text":"Yemen,","start":681.81,"end":682.61},{"text":"and","start":682.61,"end":682.67},{"text":"my","start":682.67,"end":682.87},{"text":"own","start":682.87,"end":683.19},{"text":"delegation,","start":683.19,"end":683.69},{"text":"Algeria.","start":683.69,"end":684.37}]},{"text":"Madam President, our delegations have engaged constructively throughout negotiations on this draft resolution with the expectation that the final text would faithfully reflect the full breadth of the Court's findings.","start":684.43,"end":698.65,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":684.43,"end":685.29},{"text":"President,","start":685.29,"end":686.17},{"text":"our","start":686.17,"end":686.29},{"text":"delegations","start":686.29,"end":686.91},{"text":"have","start":686.91,"end":687.23},{"text":"engaged","start":687.23,"end":687.69},{"text":"constructively","start":687.69,"end":688.489},{"text":"throughout","start":688.489,"end":689.01},{"text":"negotiations","start":689.01,"end":689.769},{"text":"on","start":689.769,"end":690.09},{"text":"this","start":690.09,"end":690.35},{"text":"draft","start":690.35,"end":690.59},{"text":"resolution","start":690.59,"end":691.13},{"text":"with","start":691.13,"end":691.949},{"text":"the","start":691.949,"end":692.09},{"text":"expectation","start":692.09,"end":692.77},{"text":"that","start":692.77,"end":693.129},{"text":"the","start":693.129,"end":693.31},{"text":"final","start":693.31,"end":693.61},{"text":"text","start":693.61,"end":694.33},{"text":"would","start":694.33,"end":694.65},{"text":"faithfully","start":694.65,"end":695.19},{"text":"reflect","start":695.19,"end":695.709},{"text":"the","start":695.709,"end":696.27},{"text":"full","start":696.27,"end":696.43},{"text":"breadth","start":696.43,"end":696.87},{"text":"of","start":696.87,"end":697.07},{"text":"the","start":697.07,"end":697.31},{"text":"Court's","start":697.31,"end":697.549},{"text":"findings.","start":697.549,"end":698.65}]},{"text":"The Court addressed not only mitigation but adaptation, loss and damage, as well as obligations for the provision of means of implementation to help developing countries to respond to a crisis they did not create.","start":698.67,"end":714.237,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":698.67,"end":698.87},{"text":"Court","start":698.87,"end":699.17},{"text":"addressed","start":699.17,"end":699.789},{"text":"not","start":699.789,"end":699.969},{"text":"only","start":699.969,"end":700.35},{"text":"mitigation","start":700.35,"end":700.85},{"text":"but","start":700.85,"end":701.61},{"text":"adaptation,","start":701.61,"end":702.77},{"text":"loss","start":702.77,"end":703.07},{"text":"and","start":703.07,"end":703.27},{"text":"damage,","start":703.27,"end":704.02},{"text":"as","start":704.23,"end":704.29},{"text":"well","start":704.29,"end":704.49},{"text":"as","start":704.49,"end":705.37},{"text":"obligations","start":705.37,"end":705.37},{"text":"for","start":705.37,"end":705.73},{"text":"the","start":705.73,"end":705.81},{"text":"provision","start":705.81,"end":707.43},{"text":"of","start":707.43,"end":707.75},{"text":"means","start":707.75,"end":708.03},{"text":"of","start":708.03,"end":708.21},{"text":"implementation","start":708.21,"end":708.91},{"text":"to","start":708.91,"end":709.59},{"text":"help","start":709.59,"end":709.91},{"text":"developing","start":709.91,"end":710.35},{"text":"countries","start":710.35,"end":710.93},{"text":"to","start":711.208,"end":711.32},{"text":"respond","start":711.352,"end":711.817},{"text":"to","start":711.817,"end":711.961},{"text":"a","start":711.977,"end":711.993},{"text":"crisis","start":712.154,"end":712.731},{"text":"they","start":713.099,"end":713.276},{"text":"did","start":713.276,"end":713.452},{"text":"not","start":713.516,"end":713.757},{"text":"create.","start":713.757,"end":714.237}]},{"text":"Our delegations were therefore surprised and deeply regret that the resolution before us today contains no operative paragraph addressing the obligations on provisions of means of implementation for developing countries.","start":715.023,"end":728.792,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":715.023,"end":715.135},{"text":"delegations","start":715.135,"end":715.889},{"text":"were","start":715.985,"end":716.081},{"text":"therefore","start":716.161,"end":716.642},{"text":"surprised","start":716.642,"end":717.427},{"text":"and","start":717.764,"end":717.828},{"text":"deeply","start":717.924,"end":718.261},{"text":"regret","start":718.261,"end":718.533},{"text":"that","start":719.287,"end":719.447},{"text":"the","start":719.447,"end":719.527},{"text":"resolution","start":719.527,"end":720.04},{"text":"before","start":720.088,"end":720.473},{"text":"us","start":720.473,"end":720.569},{"text":"today","start":720.569,"end":720.97},{"text":"contains","start":721.451,"end":721.98},{"text":"no","start":722.092,"end":722.172},{"text":"operative","start":722.332,"end":722.877},{"text":"paragraph","start":722.893,"end":723.326},{"text":"addressing","start":723.454,"end":723.903},{"text":"the","start":724.016,"end":724.144},{"text":"obligations","start":724.16,"end":724.865},{"text":"on","start":725.282,"end":725.378},{"text":"provisions","start":725.378,"end":725.907},{"text":"of","start":726.003,"end":726.147},{"text":"means","start":726.196,"end":726.484},{"text":"of","start":726.484,"end":726.548},{"text":"implementation","start":726.596,"end":727.35},{"text":"for","start":727.702,"end":727.831},{"text":"developing","start":727.863,"end":728.311},{"text":"countries.","start":728.344,"end":728.792}]},{"text":"The text before us places an excessive and disproportionate focus on mitigation obligations, including selectively highlighting and rewriting obligations from COP outcomes without a commensurate reference to the finance obligations that accompany them.","start":729.546,"end":746.778,"topics":[{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."},{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":729.546,"end":729.626},{"text":"text","start":729.706,"end":729.979},{"text":"before","start":730.027,"end":730.411},{"text":"us","start":730.411,"end":730.604},{"text":"places","start":730.908,"end":731.533},{"text":"an","start":731.533,"end":731.581},{"text":"excessive","start":731.63,"end":732.207},{"text":"and","start":732.335,"end":732.415},{"text":"disproportionate","start":732.415,"end":733.297},{"text":"focus","start":733.297,"end":733.778},{"text":"on","start":734.098,"end":734.146},{"text":"mitigation","start":734.146,"end":734.755},{"text":"obligations,","start":734.755,"end":735.445},{"text":"including","start":735.942,"end":736.567},{"text":"selectively","start":736.583,"end":737.288},{"text":"highlighting","start":737.304,"end":737.929},{"text":"and","start":738.282,"end":738.506},{"text":"rewriting","start":738.522,"end":739.131},{"text":"obligations","start":739.228,"end":739.853},{"text":"from","start":739.885,"end":740.205},{"text":"COP","start":740.205,"end":740.542},{"text":"outcomes","start":740.59,"end":740.975},{"text":"without","start":741.728,"end":742.53},{"text":"a","start":742.594,"end":742.754},{"text":"commensurate","start":742.754,"end":743.444},{"text":"reference","start":743.973,"end":744.373},{"text":"to","start":744.373,"end":744.469},{"text":"the","start":744.469,"end":744.598},{"text":"finance","start":744.598,"end":745.095},{"text":"obligations","start":745.095,"end":745.784},{"text":"that","start":745.896,"end":746.121},{"text":"accompany","start":746.121,"end":746.602},{"text":"them.","start":746.602,"end":746.778}]},{"text":"Madam President, developing countries who bear the least historical responsibility for climate change must adapt to its consequences, fulfill their obligations under international law, and recover from loss and damage.","start":748.06,"end":762.455,"topics":[{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."},{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer most. This included repeated references to small island developing States, least developed countries, and frontline populations facing existential and unequal harms."},{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":748.06,"end":748.301},{"text":"President,","start":748.365,"end":748.91},{"text":"developing","start":749.423,"end":749.872},{"text":"countries","start":749.904,"end":750.433},{"text":"who","start":751.01,"end":751.122},{"text":"bear","start":751.186,"end":751.491},{"text":"the","start":751.491,"end":751.651},{"text":"least","start":751.651,"end":751.988},{"text":"historical","start":751.988,"end":752.613},{"text":"responsibility","start":752.613,"end":753.494},{"text":"for","start":753.494,"end":753.671},{"text":"climate","start":753.671,"end":753.991},{"text":"change","start":753.991,"end":754.44},{"text":"must","start":755.017,"end":755.354},{"text":"adapt","start":755.418,"end":755.819},{"text":"to","start":755.819,"end":755.995},{"text":"its","start":755.995,"end":756.107},{"text":"consequences,","start":756.22,"end":757.005},{"text":"fulfill","start":757.662,"end":758.239},{"text":"their","start":758.239,"end":758.464},{"text":"obligations","start":758.464,"end":759.169},{"text":"under","start":759.265,"end":759.426},{"text":"international","start":759.442,"end":760.051},{"text":"law,","start":760.083,"end":760.163},{"text":"and","start":760.965,"end":761.029},{"text":"recover","start":761.109,"end":761.526},{"text":"from","start":761.526,"end":761.782},{"text":"loss","start":761.846,"end":762.006},{"text":"and","start":762.006,"end":762.167},{"text":"damage.","start":762.167,"end":762.455}]},{"text":"To ask them to do so without a corresponding legal anchor for the financial support they are owed is is neither balanced nor faithful to what the court actually said.","start":763.289,"end":775.149,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. 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The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, along with Algeria, the Kingdom of Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, and Qatar have proposed the targeted amendments on OP2.","start":865.209,"end":879.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":865.209,"end":865.209},{"text":"you,","start":865.209,"end":865.789},{"text":"Madam","start":865.789,"end":865.91},{"text":"President.","start":865.91,"end":867.81},{"text":"The","start":867.81,"end":867.869},{"text":"Kingdom","start":867.869,"end":868.15},{"text":"of","start":868.15,"end":868.369},{"text":"Saudi","start":868.369,"end":868.75},{"text":"Arabia,","start":868.75,"end":869.449},{"text":"along","start":869.529,"end":869.73},{"text":"with","start":869.73,"end":869.97},{"text":"Algeria,","start":869.97,"end":870.57},{"text":"the","start":871.01,"end":871.01},{"text":"Kingdom","start":871.01,"end":871.29},{"text":"of","start":871.29,"end":871.61},{"text":"Bahrain,","start":871.61,"end":872.41},{"text":"Iran,","start":873.03,"end":873.79},{"text":"Iraq,","start":873.79,"end":874.43},{"text":"Kuwait,","start":874.43,"end":875.15},{"text":"and","start":875.15,"end":875.37},{"text":"Qatar","start":875.37,"end":875.95},{"text":"have","start":875.95,"end":876.75},{"text":"proposed","start":876.75,"end":877.23},{"text":"the","start":877.23,"end":877.39},{"text":"targeted","start":877.39,"end":877.87},{"text":"amendments","start":877.87,"end":878.51},{"text":"on","start":878.51,"end":878.87},{"text":"OP2.","start":878.87,"end":879.59}]},{"text":"Our amendment addresses a fundamental concern of fidelity of the advisory opinion itself.","start":879.77,"end":888.45,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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proposal is to amend the resolution by deleting operative paragraph 11 in the said resolution.","start":999.84,"end":1004.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":999.84,"end":999.9},{"text":"proposal","start":999.9,"end":1000.24},{"text":"is","start":1000.24,"end":1000.48},{"text":"to","start":1000.48,"end":1000.539},{"text":"amend","start":1000.539,"end":1000.78},{"text":"the","start":1000.78,"end":1000.9},{"text":"resolution","start":1000.9,"end":1001.36},{"text":"by","start":1001.36,"end":1001.72},{"text":"deleting","start":1001.72,"end":1002.24},{"text":"operative","start":1002.24,"end":1002.82},{"text":"paragraph","start":1002.82,"end":1003.1},{"text":"11","start":1003.1,"end":1003.4},{"text":"in","start":1003.4,"end":1003.78},{"text":"the","start":1003.78,"end":1003.98},{"text":"said","start":1003.98,"end":1004.1},{"text":"resolution.","start":1004.1,"end":1004.85}]},{"text":"This amendment has already been circulated by the Secretariat.","start":1005.22,"end":1007.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1005.22,"end":1005.38},{"text":"amendment","start":1005.38,"end":1005.64},{"text":"has","start":1005.64,"end":1005.78},{"text":"already","start":1005.78,"end":1006.1},{"text":"been","start":1006.1,"end":1006.32},{"text":"circulated","start":1006.32,"end":1006.92},{"text":"by","start":1006.92,"end":1007.22},{"text":"the","start":1007.22,"end":1007.32},{"text":"Secretariat.","start":1007.32,"end":1007.97}]},{"text":"Our delegations are of the view that the goal of the current operative paragraph to establish a standing agenda item to create a follow-up mechanism for the advisory opinion referenced in the resolution is inconsistent with existing practices of the General Assembly.","start":1008.72,"end":1021.35,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the 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A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":1055.252,"end":1055.557},{"text":"a","start":1055.574,"end":1055.622},{"text":"commitment","start":1055.622,"end":1056.039},{"text":"requires","start":1056.039,"end":1056.409},{"text":"far","start":1056.521,"end":1056.634},{"text":"greater","start":1056.746,"end":1057.003},{"text":"consideration","start":1057.003,"end":1057.613},{"text":"and","start":1058.272,"end":1058.433},{"text":"evaluation.","start":1058.433,"end":1059.043}]},{"text":"Moreover, establishment should be based on a document that enjoys wider consensus and agreement.","start":1059.573,"end":1065.098,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. 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it."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":1059.573,"end":1060.023},{"text":"establishment","start":1060.472,"end":1061.179},{"text":"should","start":1061.179,"end":1061.34},{"text":"be","start":1061.34,"end":1061.484},{"text":"based","start":1061.484,"end":1061.741},{"text":"on","start":1061.741,"end":1061.822},{"text":"a","start":1061.822,"end":1061.902},{"text":"document","start":1061.902,"end":1062.512},{"text":"that","start":1062.544,"end":1062.641},{"text":"enjoys","start":1062.641,"end":1062.994},{"text":"wider","start":1063.187,"end":1063.508},{"text":"consensus","start":1063.508,"end":1064.167},{"text":"and","start":1064.616,"end":1064.681},{"text":"agreement.","start":1064.729,"end":1065.098}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"KWT","affiliation_full":"Kuwait","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":9,"start":1065.741,"pageUrl":"/ru/ga/80/83?lang=en&t=1066","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam President.","start":1065.741,"end":1066.576,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1065.741,"end":1065.901},{"text":"you,","start":1065.901,"end":1065.934},{"text":"Madam","start":1065.95,"end":1066.158},{"text":"President.","start":1066.158,"end":1066.576}]},{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Kuwait.","start":1066.79,"end":1071.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1066.79,"end":1067.83},{"text":"thank","start":1067.83,"end":1068.17},{"text":"the","start":1068.17,"end":1068.35},{"text":"distinguished","start":1068.35,"end":1068.57},{"text":"representative","start":1068.57,"end":1069.35},{"text":"of","start":1069.35,"end":1069.83},{"text":"Kuwait.","start":1069.83,"end":1071.03}]},{"text":"We shall now proceed to consider draft resolution A/80/L65 and draft amendments A/80/L66, A/80/L67, A/80/L68, and A/80/L69, Revision 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connection, since draft amendment A/80/L69 Revision 1 has only been circulated today, it would be necessary to waive the relevant provision of Rule 78 of the Rules of Procedure, which reads as follows: As a general rule, no proposal shall be discussed or put to the vote at any meeting of the General Assembly unless copies of it have been circulated to all delegations no later than the day preceding the 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I hear any objections, I shall take it that the Assembly agrees with my proposal to waive Rule 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is so decided.","start":1132.55,"end":1134.02,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1132.55,"end":1132.649},{"text":"is","start":1132.649,"end":1132.91},{"text":"so","start":1132.91,"end":1133.17},{"text":"decided.","start":1133.17,"end":1134.02}]},{"text":"For your information, the draft resolution and draft amendments have closed for e-sponsorship.","start":1136.67,"end":1142.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":1136.67,"end":1136.73},{"text":"your","start":1136.73,"end":1136.89},{"text":"information,","start":1136.89,"end":1137.29},{"text":"the","start":1137.47,"end":1137.51},{"text":"draft","start":1137.51,"end":1137.69},{"text":"resolution","start":1137.69,"end":1138.11},{"text":"and","start":1138.11,"end":1138.33},{"text":"draft","start":1138.33,"end":1138.57},{"text":"amendments","start":1138.57,"end":1139.07},{"text":"have","start":1139.07,"end":1139.45},{"text":"closed","start":1139.45,"end":1140.21},{"text":"for","start":1140.21,"end":1140.73},{"text":"e-sponsorship.","start":1140.73,"end":1142.03}]},{"text":"I give the floor to the Secretariat and the representative of the Secretariat.","start":1142.03,"end":1147.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1142.03,"end":1142.61},{"text":"give","start":1142.61,"end":1142.81},{"text":"the","start":1142.81,"end":1142.95},{"text":"floor","start":1142.95,"end":1143.21},{"text":"to","start":1143.21,"end":1143.45},{"text":"the","start":1143.45,"end":1143.61},{"text":"Secretariat","start":1143.61,"end":1144.19},{"text":"and","start":1144.4,"end":1144.979},{"text":"the","start":1144.979,"end":1145.099},{"text":"representative","start":1145.099,"end":1145.74},{"text":"of","start":1145.74,"end":1146.1},{"text":"the","start":1146.1,"end":1146.32},{"text":"Secretariat.","start":1146.32,"end":1147.77}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"GA","affiliation_full":"GA","group":null,"function":"President"}},{"statement_number":10,"start":1148.02,"pageUrl":"/ru/ga/80/83?lang=en&t=1149","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Madam President, I wish to address the additional co-sponsorship for the draft resolution and all 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on draft resolution L.65, since the submission of the draft resolution, and in addition to the delegations listed on the L document, the following countries have also become co-sponsors Sponsors of L65: Botswana, Bulgaria, Congo, Estonia, Ireland, Italy, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Latvia, Maldives, Myanmar, Saint-Tome and Principe, Slovakia, Spain, Suriname, Switzerland, and Vietnam.","start":1157.5,"end":1199.14,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":1157.5,"end":1158.2},{"text":"on","start":1158.2,"end":1158.56},{"text":"draft","start":1158.56,"end":1158.66},{"text":"resolution","start":1158.66,"end":1159.4},{"text":"L.65,","start":1159.4,"end":1161.25},{"text":"since","start":1161.6,"end":1161.96},{"text":"the","start":1161.96,"end":1162.14},{"text":"submission","start":1162.14,"end":1162.56},{"text":"of","start":1162.56,"end":1162.76},{"text":"the","start":1162.76,"end":1162.98},{"text":"draft","start":1162.98,"end":1163.14},{"text":"resolution,","start":1163.14,"end":1163.69},{"text":"and","start":1164.12,"end":1164.36},{"text":"in","start":1164.36,"end":1164.48},{"text":"addition","start":1164.48,"end":1165.06},{"text":"to","start":1165.06,"end":1165.34},{"text":"the","start":1165.34,"end":1165.4},{"text":"delegations","start":1165.4,"end":1166.1},{"text":"listed","start":1166.1,"end":1166.54},{"text":"on","start":1166.54,"end":1166.9},{"text":"the","start":1166.9,"end":1167.1},{"text":"L","start":1167.1,"end":1167.26},{"text":"document,","start":1167.26,"end":1167.96},{"text":"the","start":1168.38,"end":1168.46},{"text":"following","start":1168.46,"end":1168.76},{"text":"countries","start":1168.76,"end":1169.22},{"text":"have","start":1169.22,"end":1169.46},{"text":"also","start":1169.46,"end":1169.86},{"text":"become","start":1169.86,"end":1170.22},{"text":"co-sponsors","start":1170.22,"end":1170.6},{"text":"Sponsors","start":1170.62,"end":1171.14},{"text":"of","start":1171.14,"end":1171.94},{"text":"L65:","start":1171.94,"end":1174.9},{"text":"Botswana,","start":1174.9,"end":1176.379},{"text":"Bulgaria,","start":1176.379,"end":1177.98},{"text":"Congo,","start":1177.98,"end":1179.68},{"text":"Estonia,","start":1179.68,"end":1181.239},{"text":"Ireland,","start":1181.239,"end":1182.72},{"text":"Italy,","start":1182.72,"end":1184.02},{"text":"Lao","start":1184.02,"end":1184.239},{"text":"People's","start":1184.239,"end":1185.22},{"text":"Democratic","start":1185.22,"end":1185.3},{"text":"Republic,","start":1185.3,"end":1186.96},{"text":"Latvia,","start":1186.96,"end":1188.42},{"text":"Maldives,","start":1188.42,"end":1189.66},{"text":"Myanmar,","start":1189.66,"end":1191.1},{"text":"Saint-Tome","start":1191.1,"end":1191.38},{"text":"and","start":1191.38,"end":1191.6},{"text":"Principe,","start":1191.6,"end":1192.3},{"text":"Slovakia,","start":1193.04,"end":1194.44},{"text":"Spain,","start":1194.44,"end":1195.72},{"text":"Suriname,","start":1195.72,"end":1196.16},{"text":"Switzerland,","start":1196.64,"end":1197.74},{"text":"and","start":1197.74,"end":1197.74},{"text":"Vietnam.","start":1197.74,"end":1199.14}]},{"text":"If 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Lanka.","start":1211.06,"end":1252.731,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1211.06,"end":1211.82},{"text":"see","start":1211.82,"end":1212.08},{"text":"Denmark,","start":1212.08,"end":1215.14},{"text":"Mali,","start":1215.14,"end":1219.98},{"text":"Thailand,","start":1219.98,"end":1221.08},{"text":"Guinea-Bissau,","start":1221.71,"end":1225.669},{"text":"Costa","start":1225.669,"end":1229.29},{"text":"Rica,","start":1229.29,"end":1235.37},{"text":"Morocco,","start":1235.37,"end":1240.97},{"text":"Niger,","start":1240.97,"end":1245.41},{"text":"South","start":1245.41,"end":1245.51},{"text":"Sudan,","start":1245.51,"end":1247.21},{"text":"Sri","start":1252.008,"end":1252.233},{"text":"Lanka.","start":1252.233,"end":1252.731}]},{"text":"Next, uh, draft amendment 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none.","start":1443.03,"end":1446.12,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1443.03,"end":1444.98},{"text":"see","start":1444.98,"end":1445.34},{"text":"none.","start":1445.34,"end":1446.12}]},{"text":"Thank you, Madam President.","start":1446.12,"end":1447.12,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":1446.12,"end":1446.44},{"text":"you,","start":1446.44,"end":1446.6},{"text":"Madam","start":1446.6,"end":1446.72},{"text":"President.","start":1446.72,"end":1447.12}]},{"text":"This concludes the additional co-sponsorship.","start":1447.12,"end":1449.24,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1447.12,"end":1447.28},{"text":"concludes","start":1447.28,"end":1447.72},{"text":"the","start":1447.72,"end":1448.08},{"text":"additional","start":1448.08,"end":1448.34},{"text":"co-sponsorship.","start":1448.34,"end":1449.24}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"UN Secretariat","affiliation_full":"UN 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Thank you, Mr. President.","start":1540.33,"end":1543.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Co-sponsorship.","start":1540.33,"end":1541.03},{"text":"Thank","start":1541.03,"end":1541.629},{"text":"you,","start":1541.629,"end":1542.07},{"text":"Mr.","start":1542.07,"end":1542.309},{"text":"President.","start":1542.309,"end":1543.15}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Yes, indeed, this is to clarify that our—","start":1543.15,"end":1545.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yes,","start":1543.15,"end":1543.17},{"text":"indeed,","start":1543.17,"end":1543.45},{"text":"this","start":1543.45,"end":1543.57},{"text":"is","start":1543.57,"end":1543.75},{"text":"to","start":1543.75,"end":1543.91},{"text":"clarify","start":1543.91,"end":1544.25},{"text":"that","start":1544.25,"end":1544.59},{"text":"our—","start":1544.59,"end":1545.81}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"we are co-sponsoring the resolution only and not the 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action on all of them, there will be an opportunity for explanation of vote after the vote on any or all of 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giving the floor for explanation of vote before the vote, may I remind delegation that they are strongly urged to limit explanation of votes to 5 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asking you to stay within 5 minutes for member states speaking on behalf of the national capacity and 7 minutes for those speaking on behalf of a group, which should in any case not exceed 10 minutes and be made from their 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the first speaker, I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Saudi Arabia, followed by Palau, Cyprus, and the United 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also want to stress once again that we have participated in the negotiations on the draft resolution in good faith right from the start with the aim of reaching a balanced and acceptable 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throughout the negotiations, many proposals and resolutions and different drafting were submitted, including drafts that were previously agreed 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the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia regrets to note that delegations were not given the opportunity to go into detail into this text, which is what is normally required by high-impact 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reservations— the main reservations of a large group of states that were repeatedly announced by the— during the negotiations were not taken into consideration into the text that was submitted to the 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find that the final resolution has some aspects that are not binding through— from the advisory opinion and gives the impression that there are new obligations or extended obligations that goes beyond what was collectively agreed upon and consensually agreed upon as part of the UNFCC.","start":1748.315,"end":1768.384,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1748.315,"end":1748.476},{"text":"find","start":1748.476,"end":1748.733},{"text":"that","start":1748.781,"end":1749.054},{"text":"the","start":1749.343,"end":1749.552},{"text":"final","start":1749.6,"end":1750.049},{"text":"resolution","start":1750.724,"end":1751.398},{"text":"has","start":1752.634,"end":1752.939},{"text":"some","start":1753.132,"end":1753.34},{"text":"aspects","start":1753.517,"end":1753.854},{"text":"that","start":1753.854,"end":1754.015},{"text":"are","start":1754.079,"end":1754.159},{"text":"not","start":1754.175,"end":1754.576},{"text":"binding","start":1754.721,"end":1755.106},{"text":"through—","start":1755.203,"end":1755.331},{"text":"from","start":1755.524,"end":1755.748},{"text":"the","start":1755.781,"end":1755.989},{"text":"advisory","start":1756.005,"end":1756.503},{"text":"opinion","start":1756.503,"end":1756.872},{"text":"and","start":1756.985,"end":1757.049},{"text":"gives","start":1757.145,"end":1757.402},{"text":"the","start":1757.707,"end":1757.916},{"text":"impression","start":1757.948,"end":1758.317},{"text":"that","start":1758.349,"end":1758.478},{"text":"there","start":1758.51,"end":1758.622},{"text":"are","start":1758.815,"end":1758.927},{"text":"new","start":1758.927,"end":1759.2},{"text":"obligations","start":1760.019,"end":1760.677},{"text":"or","start":1760.757,"end":1760.902},{"text":"extended","start":1760.902,"end":1761.416},{"text":"obligations","start":1761.56,"end":1762.17},{"text":"that","start":1762.202,"end":1762.347},{"text":"goes","start":1762.363,"end":1762.571},{"text":"beyond","start":1762.604,"end":1762.973},{"text":"what","start":1763.005,"end":1763.246},{"text":"was","start":1763.246,"end":1763.39},{"text":"collectively","start":1763.486,"end":1764.097},{"text":"agreed","start":1764.129,"end":1764.466},{"text":"upon","start":1764.466,"end":1764.819},{"text":"and","start":1765.236,"end":1765.301},{"text":"consensually","start":1765.333,"end":1765.863},{"text":"agreed","start":1765.895,"end":1766.216},{"text":"upon","start":1766.216,"end":1766.505},{"text":"as","start":1767.099,"end":1767.227},{"text":"part","start":1767.26,"end":1767.516},{"text":"of","start":1767.516,"end":1767.629},{"text":"the","start":1767.661,"end":1767.854},{"text":"UNFCC.","start":1767.902,"end":1768.384}]},{"text":"We also regret that a number of proposals to amendments were not taken into consideration by us and other states in order to achieve the necessary balance and to maintain the consensual nature of the text.","start":1771.193,"end":1783.878,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1771.193,"end":1771.338},{"text":"also","start":1771.418,"end":1771.675},{"text":"regret","start":1771.675,"end":1772.157},{"text":"that","start":1772.157,"end":1772.333},{"text":"a","start":1772.382,"end":1772.398},{"text":"number","start":1772.462,"end":1772.687},{"text":"of","start":1772.799,"end":1772.879},{"text":"proposals","start":1772.879,"end":1773.409},{"text":"to","start":1773.522,"end":1773.682},{"text":"amendments","start":1773.682,"end":1774.116},{"text":"were","start":1774.308,"end":1774.405},{"text":"not","start":1774.405,"end":1774.581},{"text":"taken","start":1774.63,"end":1774.87},{"text":"into","start":1774.902,"end":1775.079},{"text":"consideration","start":1775.127,"end":1775.737},{"text":"by","start":1775.93,"end":1776.139},{"text":"us","start":1776.155,"end":1776.332},{"text":"and","start":1776.332,"end":1776.492},{"text":"other","start":1776.556,"end":1776.749},{"text":"states","start":1776.749,"end":1777.199},{"text":"in","start":1777.536,"end":1777.584},{"text":"order","start":1777.68,"end":1777.921},{"text":"to","start":1777.921,"end":1778.098},{"text":"achieve","start":1778.098,"end":1778.403},{"text":"the","start":1778.403,"end":1778.435},{"text":"necessary","start":1778.435,"end":1779.109},{"text":"balance","start":1779.222,"end":1779.639},{"text":"and","start":1780.089,"end":1780.169},{"text":"to","start":1780.185,"end":1780.346},{"text":"maintain","start":1780.346,"end":1780.795},{"text":"the","start":1780.827,"end":1780.908},{"text":"consensual","start":1780.908,"end":1781.807},{"text":"nature","start":1781.807,"end":1782.337},{"text":"of","start":1782.417,"end":1782.738},{"text":"the","start":1782.738,"end":1782.947},{"text":"text.","start":1783.461,"end":1783.878}]},{"text":"As for the second paragraph, we express our concern regarding the drafting which presents proposals as if they set international obligations, regardless— despite of the non-obligatory, non-binding aspect of them.","start":1784.103,"end":1803.63,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":1784.103,"end":1784.167},{"text":"for","start":1784.28,"end":1784.536},{"text":"the","start":1784.842,"end":1785.082},{"text":"second","start":1785.163,"end":1785.66},{"text":"paragraph,","start":1785.885,"end":1786.319},{"text":"we","start":1786.913,"end":1787.106},{"text":"express","start":1787.266,"end":1787.716},{"text":"our","start":1787.796,"end":1787.892},{"text":"concern","start":1787.892,"end":1788.422},{"text":"regarding","start":1788.615,"end":1789.225},{"text":"the","start":1789.482,"end":1789.642},{"text":"drafting","start":1789.642,"end":1790.188},{"text":"which","start":1790.88,"end":1791.93},{"text":"presents","start":1791.93,"end":1792.85},{"text":"proposals","start":1792.85,"end":1793.43},{"text":"as","start":1793.43,"end":1793.77},{"text":"if","start":1793.77,"end":1794.11},{"text":"they","start":1794.11,"end":1794.949},{"text":"set","start":1794.949,"end":1795.55},{"text":"international","start":1795.55,"end":1796.23},{"text":"obligations,","start":1796.23,"end":1797.39},{"text":"regardless—","start":1798.01,"end":1798.71},{"text":"despite","start":1798.71,"end":1798.71},{"text":"of","start":1798.71,"end":1798.99},{"text":"the","start":1798.99,"end":1799.07},{"text":"non-obligatory,","start":1799.07,"end":1799.77},{"text":"non-binding","start":1800.17,"end":1801.33},{"text":"aspect","start":1801.33,"end":1802.45},{"text":"of","start":1802.45,"end":1802.79},{"text":"them.","start":1802.79,"end":1803.63}]},{"text":"We also see that there was a selective selection of some of the outputs of the UNFCCC.","start":1803.63,"end":1810.59,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1803.63,"end":1803.83},{"text":"also","start":1803.83,"end":1804.13},{"text":"see","start":1804.13,"end":1804.389},{"text":"that","start":1804.389,"end":1804.49},{"text":"there","start":1804.49,"end":1804.649},{"text":"was","start":1804.649,"end":1804.969},{"text":"a","start":1804.969,"end":1805.25},{"text":"selective","start":1805.25,"end":1806.01},{"text":"selection","start":1806.01,"end":1807.83},{"text":"of","start":1807.83,"end":1808.29},{"text":"some","start":1808.29,"end":1808.51},{"text":"of","start":1808.51,"end":1808.67},{"text":"the","start":1808.67,"end":1808.67},{"text":"outputs","start":1808.67,"end":1809.01},{"text":"of","start":1809.01,"end":1809.29},{"text":"the","start":1809.29,"end":1809.35},{"text":"UNFCCC.","start":1809.35,"end":1810.59}]},{"text":"The current drafting has limited references to some outputs outside of the agreed-upon context.","start":1810.59,"end":1816.91,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. 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A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1817.03,"end":1817.78},{"text":"other","start":1817.78,"end":1818.04},{"text":"outputs","start":1818.04,"end":1818.34},{"text":"that","start":1818.34,"end":1818.54},{"text":"does","start":1818.54,"end":1818.72},{"text":"not","start":1818.72,"end":1818.96},{"text":"reflect","start":1818.96,"end":1819.4},{"text":"the","start":1819.4,"end":1820.26},{"text":"balanced","start":1820.26,"end":1820.7},{"text":"and","start":1820.7,"end":1820.939},{"text":"comprehensive","start":1820.939,"end":1821.5},{"text":"nature","start":1821.5,"end":1821.92},{"text":"of","start":1821.92,"end":1822.24},{"text":"the","start":1822.24,"end":1822.4},{"text":"agreed-upon","start":1822.4,"end":1822.82},{"text":"outcomes.","start":1822.82,"end":1823.87}]},{"text":"Some of the drafting related to energy sources does not reflect the international consensus regarding this issue.","start":1824.019,"end":1831.64,"topics":[{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."}],"words":[{"text":"Some","start":1824.019,"end":1824.12},{"text":"of","start":1824.12,"end":1824.4},{"text":"the","start":1824.4,"end":1824.58},{"text":"drafting","start":1824.58,"end":1825.06},{"text":"related","start":1825.06,"end":1825.64},{"text":"to","start":1825.64,"end":1826.199},{"text":"energy","start":1826.199,"end":1826.66},{"text":"sources","start":1826.66,"end":1827.08},{"text":"does","start":1827.08,"end":1827.36},{"text":"not","start":1827.36,"end":1827.64},{"text":"reflect","start":1827.64,"end":1828.4},{"text":"the","start":1828.4,"end":1829.08},{"text":"international","start":1829.08,"end":1829.64},{"text":"consensus","start":1829.64,"end":1830.14},{"text":"regarding","start":1830.14,"end":1830.52},{"text":"this","start":1830.52,"end":1830.8},{"text":"issue.","start":1830.8,"end":1831.64}]},{"text":"As for operative paragraph 11, we reject this paragraph because it has the assumption of continuing the implementation of a non-binding advisory opinion, which does not— is not based on any legal basis.","start":1831.64,"end":1844.98,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Advisor","start":1845.12,"end":1845.9},{"text":"opinions","start":1845.9,"end":1846.38},{"text":"of","start":1846.38,"end":1846.62},{"text":"the","start":1846.62,"end":1846.78},{"text":"ICJ","start":1846.78,"end":1847.38},{"text":"in","start":1847.38,"end":1847.56},{"text":"their","start":1847.56,"end":1847.78},{"text":"nature","start":1847.78,"end":1848.12},{"text":"are","start":1848.12,"end":1848.56},{"text":"non-binding","start":1848.56,"end":1849.58},{"text":"and","start":1849.58,"end":1849.94},{"text":"do","start":1849.94,"end":1850.1},{"text":"not","start":1850.1,"end":1850.339},{"text":"constitute","start":1850.339,"end":1851.139},{"text":"obligations","start":1851.139,"end":1852.499},{"text":"in","start":1852.499,"end":1852.74},{"text":"terms","start":1852.74,"end":1852.94},{"text":"of","start":1852.94,"end":1853.08},{"text":"their","start":1853.08,"end":1853.239},{"text":"implementation","start":1853.239,"end":1853.84},{"text":"and","start":1853.979,"end":1854.68},{"text":"do","start":1854.68,"end":1854.819},{"text":"not","start":1854.819,"end":1855.1},{"text":"entail","start":1855.1,"end":1855.819},{"text":"any","start":1855.819,"end":1856.18},{"text":"institutional","start":1856.18,"end":1857.239},{"text":"oversight","start":1857.239,"end":1858.8},{"text":"mechanisms.","start":1858.8,"end":1860.6}]},{"text":"Therefore, having this concept as part of the General Assembly is an unnecessary expansion of the role of the advisory opinion that goes beyond its nature.","start":1860.62,"end":1870.35,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Therefore,","start":1860.62,"end":1861.08},{"text":"having","start":1861.08,"end":1861.18},{"text":"this","start":1861.18,"end":1861.52},{"text":"concept","start":1861.52,"end":1861.98},{"text":"as","start":1861.98,"end":1862.26},{"text":"part","start":1862.26,"end":1862.54},{"text":"of","start":1862.54,"end":1862.88},{"text":"the","start":1862.88,"end":1863},{"text":"General","start":1863,"end":1863.26},{"text":"Assembly","start":1863.26,"end":1863.74},{"text":"is","start":1863.74,"end":1864.12},{"text":"an","start":1864.12,"end":1864.42},{"text":"unnecessary","start":1864.42,"end":1865.32},{"text":"expansion","start":1865.32,"end":1866.2},{"text":"of","start":1866.2,"end":1866.84},{"text":"the","start":1866.84,"end":1867.06},{"text":"role","start":1867.06,"end":1867.24},{"text":"of","start":1867.24,"end":1867.64},{"text":"the","start":1867.64,"end":1867.82},{"text":"advisory","start":1867.82,"end":1868.34},{"text":"opinion","start":1868.34,"end":1868.8},{"text":"that","start":1868.8,"end":1869},{"text":"goes","start":1869,"end":1869.24},{"text":"beyond","start":1869.24,"end":1869.5},{"text":"its","start":1869.5,"end":1869.7},{"text":"nature.","start":1869.7,"end":1870.35}]},{"text":"We regret that this resolution led to a division among the member states, which meant that we could not reach consensus.","start":1870.92,"end":1881.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1870.92,"end":1871.67},{"text":"regret","start":1871.67,"end":1872.23},{"text":"that","start":1872.23,"end":1872.63},{"text":"this","start":1872.63,"end":1872.83},{"text":"resolution","start":1872.83,"end":1873.53},{"text":"led","start":1873.53,"end":1873.91},{"text":"to","start":1873.91,"end":1874.909},{"text":"a","start":1874.909,"end":1875.09},{"text":"division","start":1875.09,"end":1875.669},{"text":"among","start":1875.669,"end":1876.55},{"text":"the","start":1876.55,"end":1876.709},{"text":"member","start":1876.709,"end":1877.65},{"text":"states,","start":1877.65,"end":1879.11},{"text":"which","start":1879.11,"end":1879.11},{"text":"meant","start":1879.11,"end":1879.45},{"text":"that","start":1879.45,"end":1879.71},{"text":"we","start":1879.71,"end":1879.87},{"text":"could","start":1879.87,"end":1880.13},{"text":"not","start":1880.13,"end":1880.61},{"text":"reach","start":1880.61,"end":1881.17},{"text":"consensus.","start":1881.17,"end":1881.79}]},{"text":"We hope that this process is a lesson learned for everyone, which means that issues related to climate change should always be based on consensus and that it should be addressed through agreed-upon negotiation channels and based on equity and CBDR.","start":1881.79,"end":1896.97,"topics":[{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."},{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":1881.79,"end":1881.849},{"text":"hope","start":1881.849,"end":1882.13},{"text":"that","start":1882.13,"end":1882.349},{"text":"this","start":1882.349,"end":1882.47},{"text":"process","start":1882.47,"end":1882.89},{"text":"is","start":1882.89,"end":1883.13},{"text":"a","start":1883.13,"end":1883.269},{"text":"lesson","start":1883.269,"end":1883.47},{"text":"learned","start":1883.47,"end":1883.71},{"text":"for","start":1883.71,"end":1883.929},{"text":"everyone,","start":1883.929,"end":1884.48},{"text":"which","start":1886.05,"end":1886.05},{"text":"means","start":1886.05,"end":1886.39},{"text":"that","start":1886.39,"end":1886.63},{"text":"issues","start":1886.63,"end":1886.97},{"text":"related","start":1886.97,"end":1887.63},{"text":"to","start":1887.63,"end":1888.03},{"text":"climate","start":1888.03,"end":1888.45},{"text":"change","start":1888.45,"end":1888.71},{"text":"should","start":1888.71,"end":1888.97},{"text":"always","start":1888.97,"end":1889.23},{"text":"be","start":1889.23,"end":1889.47},{"text":"based","start":1889.47,"end":1889.63},{"text":"on","start":1889.63,"end":1889.91},{"text":"consensus","start":1889.91,"end":1890.35},{"text":"and","start":1890.35,"end":1890.61},{"text":"that","start":1890.61,"end":1890.71},{"text":"it","start":1890.71,"end":1890.89},{"text":"should","start":1890.89,"end":1891.05},{"text":"be","start":1891.05,"end":1891.23},{"text":"addressed","start":1891.23,"end":1892.27},{"text":"through","start":1892.27,"end":1892.87},{"text":"agreed-upon","start":1892.95,"end":1893.63},{"text":"negotiation","start":1893.63,"end":1894.25},{"text":"channels","start":1894.25,"end":1894.75},{"text":"and","start":1894.75,"end":1895.03},{"text":"based","start":1895.03,"end":1895.21},{"text":"on","start":1895.21,"end":1895.53},{"text":"equity","start":1895.53,"end":1895.95},{"text":"and","start":1895.95,"end":1896.25},{"text":"CBDR.","start":1896.25,"end":1896.97}]},{"text":"In conclusion, we reaffirm our commitment to engaging constructively in international efforts to combat climate change in line with these agreed-upon principles and frameworks.","start":1897.02,"end":1912.219,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. 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President.","start":2051.53,"end":2054.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2051.53,"end":2053.03},{"text":"you,","start":2053.03,"end":2053.25},{"text":"Madam","start":2053.25,"end":2053.41},{"text":"President.","start":2053.41,"end":2054.01}]},{"text":"Cyprus takes the floor in its capacity as the Presidency of the Council of the European Union and wishes to deliver the following explanation of vote on behalf of the European Union and its member 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European Union and its member states are opposed to the proposed amendments on both procedural and substantive 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tabled.","start":2153.192,"end":2161.979,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2153.192,"end":2153.433},{"text":"European","start":2153.433,"end":2153.786},{"text":"Union","start":2153.898,"end":2154.202},{"text":"and","start":2154.299,"end":2154.411},{"text":"its","start":2154.411,"end":2154.555},{"text":"member","start":2154.555,"end":2154.78},{"text":"states","start":2154.78,"end":2155.213},{"text":"will","start":2155.357,"end":2155.565},{"text":"therefore","start":2155.581,"end":2156.014},{"text":"vote","start":2156.239,"end":2156.495},{"text":"against","start":2156.495,"end":2157.121},{"text":"the","start":2157.121,"end":2157.201},{"text":"amendments","start":2157.201,"end":2157.906},{"text":"and","start":2157.987,"end":2158.163},{"text":"remain","start":2158.163,"end":2158.372},{"text":"fully","start":2158.468,"end":2158.772},{"text":"committed","start":2158.788,"end":2159.366},{"text":"to","start":2159.702,"end":2159.831},{"text":"the","start":2159.831,"end":2159.911},{"text":"resolution","start":2159.911,"end":2160.536},{"text":"as","start":2160.713,"end":2160.857},{"text":"originally","start":2161.033,"end":2161.578},{"text":"tabled.","start":2161.611,"end":2161.979}]},{"text":"Iceland aligns itself with this explanation of vote.","start":2162.653,"end":2165.781,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Iceland","start":2162.653,"end":2163.102},{"text":"aligns","start":2163.215,"end":2163.616},{"text":"itself","start":2163.68,"end":2164.081},{"text":"with","start":2164.177,"end":2164.338},{"text":"this","start":2164.338,"end":2164.53},{"text":"explanation","start":2164.674,"end":2165.332},{"text":"of","start":2165.364,"end":2165.428},{"text":"vote.","start":2165.46,"end":2165.781}]},{"text":"Thank you, Madam President.","start":2166.086,"end":2167.145,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2166.086,"end":2166.327},{"text":"you,","start":2166.327,"end":2166.391},{"text":"Madam","start":2166.407,"end":2166.583},{"text":"President.","start":2166.583,"end":2167.145}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"CYP","affiliation_full":"Cyprus","group":"EU","function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":23,"start":2168.091,"pageUrl":"/ru/ga/80/83?lang=en&t=2169","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Cyprus.","start":2168.091,"end":2171.043,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2168.091,"end":2168.188},{"text":"thank","start":2168.188,"end":2168.573},{"text":"the","start":2168.573,"end":2168.653},{"text":"distinguished","start":2168.653,"end":2169.054},{"text":"representative","start":2169.054,"end":2169.84},{"text":"of","start":2170.097,"end":2170.241},{"text":"Cyprus.","start":2170.45,"end":2171.043}]},{"text":"Also, on behalf of the European Union, I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United 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President, President Trump has been clear in seeing the potential of the UN and illustrating with his leadership how we can tackle and overcome the world's toughest problems.","start":2181.118,"end":2193.839,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":2181.118,"end":2181.407},{"text":"President,","start":2181.407,"end":2181.984},{"text":"President","start":2183.508,"end":2183.909},{"text":"Trump","start":2183.909,"end":2184.39},{"text":"has","start":2184.455,"end":2184.599},{"text":"been","start":2184.631,"end":2184.759},{"text":"clear","start":2184.856,"end":2185.144},{"text":"in","start":2185.417,"end":2185.465},{"text":"seeing","start":2185.513,"end":2185.722},{"text":"the","start":2185.818,"end":2185.898},{"text":"potential","start":2185.898,"end":2186.364},{"text":"of","start":2186.412,"end":2186.492},{"text":"the","start":2186.54,"end":2186.604},{"text":"UN","start":2186.636,"end":2187.085},{"text":"and","start":2187.663,"end":2187.743},{"text":"illustrating","start":2187.839,"end":2188.449},{"text":"with","start":2188.71,"end":2189.05},{"text":"his","start":2189.05,"end":2189.27},{"text":"leadership","start":2189.27,"end":2189.67},{"text":"how","start":2189.67,"end":2189.95},{"text":"we","start":2189.95,"end":2190.13},{"text":"can","start":2190.13,"end":2190.41},{"text":"tackle","start":2190.41,"end":2190.81},{"text":"and","start":2190.81,"end":2191.49},{"text":"overcome","start":2191.49,"end":2191.91},{"text":"the","start":2191.91,"end":2192.13},{"text":"world's","start":2192.13,"end":2192.79},{"text":"toughest","start":2192.79,"end":2192.79},{"text":"problems.","start":2192.79,"end":2193.839}]},{"text":"We are committed to working with our friends and partners in meeting these challenges, but how we do it matters.","start":2193.889,"end":2202.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2193.889,"end":2194.41},{"text":"are","start":2194.41,"end":2194.549},{"text":"committed","start":2194.549,"end":2194.969},{"text":"to","start":2194.969,"end":2195.41},{"text":"working","start":2195.41,"end":2195.809},{"text":"with","start":2195.809,"end":2196.349},{"text":"our","start":2196.349,"end":2196.63},{"text":"friends","start":2196.63,"end":2197.01},{"text":"and","start":2197.01,"end":2197.21},{"text":"partners","start":2197.21,"end":2197.77},{"text":"in","start":2197.77,"end":2198.409},{"text":"meeting","start":2198.409,"end":2198.749},{"text":"these","start":2198.749,"end":2199.01},{"text":"challenges,","start":2199.01,"end":2199.71},{"text":"but","start":2199.71,"end":2200.61},{"text":"how","start":2200.61,"end":2200.909},{"text":"we","start":2200.909,"end":2201.17},{"text":"do","start":2201.17,"end":2201.39},{"text":"it","start":2201.39,"end":2201.749},{"text":"matters.","start":2201.749,"end":2202.65}]},{"text":"Throughout the negotiation of this resolution, the United States has been consistent in conveying our opposition to this initiative.","start":2203.67,"end":2211.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Throughout","start":2203.67,"end":2203.87},{"text":"the","start":2203.87,"end":2204.09},{"text":"negotiation","start":2204.09,"end":2204.75},{"text":"of","start":2204.75,"end":2205.03},{"text":"this","start":2205.03,"end":2205.23},{"text":"resolution,","start":2205.23,"end":2205.93},{"text":"the","start":2205.93,"end":2206.59},{"text":"United","start":2206.59,"end":2206.93},{"text":"States","start":2206.93,"end":2207.29},{"text":"has","start":2207.29,"end":2207.49},{"text":"been","start":2207.49,"end":2207.71},{"text":"consistent","start":2207.71,"end":2208.25},{"text":"in","start":2208.25,"end":2208.53},{"text":"conveying","start":2208.53,"end":2208.93},{"text":"our","start":2208.93,"end":2209.27},{"text":"opposition","start":2209.27,"end":2209.83},{"text":"to","start":2209.83,"end":2210.07},{"text":"this","start":2210.07,"end":2210.37},{"text":"initiative.","start":2210.37,"end":2211.37}]},{"text":"The United States did not support seeking an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice.","start":2211.51,"end":2217.55,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2211.51,"end":2211.99},{"text":"United","start":2211.99,"end":2212.29},{"text":"States","start":2212.29,"end":2212.73},{"text":"did","start":2212.73,"end":2212.97},{"text":"not","start":2212.97,"end":2213.21},{"text":"support","start":2213.21,"end":2213.77},{"text":"seeking","start":2213.77,"end":2214.23},{"text":"an","start":2214.23,"end":2214.57},{"text":"advisory","start":2214.57,"end":2215.09},{"text":"opinion","start":2215.09,"end":2215.59},{"text":"from","start":2215.59,"end":2215.87},{"text":"the","start":2215.87,"end":2216.03},{"text":"International","start":2216.03,"end":2216.55},{"text":"Court","start":2216.55,"end":2216.97},{"text":"of","start":2216.97,"end":2217.19},{"text":"Justice.","start":2217.19,"end":2217.55}]},{"text":"On climate change and has many concerns about the court's opinion.","start":2217.57,"end":2223.07,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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This included repeated references to small island developing States, least developed countries, and frontline populations facing existential and unequal harms."},{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2223.07,"end":2223.129},{"text":"understand","start":2223.129,"end":2223.629},{"text":"the","start":2223.629,"end":2223.789},{"text":"concerns","start":2223.789,"end":2224.289},{"text":"that","start":2224.289,"end":2224.61},{"text":"Vanuatu","start":2224.61,"end":2225.11},{"text":"and","start":2225.11,"end":2225.35},{"text":"other","start":2225.35,"end":2225.589},{"text":"countries","start":2225.589,"end":2225.95},{"text":"have","start":2225.95,"end":2226.29},{"text":"about","start":2226.29,"end":2226.55},{"text":"specific","start":2226.55,"end":2227.09},{"text":"environmental","start":2227.09,"end":2227.689},{"text":"threats","start":2227.689,"end":2228.17},{"text":"and","start":2228.17,"end":2228.87},{"text":"the","start":2228.87,"end":2229.01},{"text":"importance","start":2229.01,"end":2229.57},{"text":"they","start":2229.57,"end":2229.89},{"text":"attach","start":2229.89,"end":2230.29},{"text":"to","start":2230.29,"end":2230.47},{"text":"the","start":2230.47,"end":2230.63},{"text":"court's","start":2230.63,"end":2231.03},{"text":"opinion.","start":2231.03,"end":2231.95}]},{"text":"And we acknowledge that some changes were made to moderate the text of the resolution in certain respects in response to member states' concerns during negotiations.","start":2231.95,"end":2242.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2231.95,"end":2232.37},{"text":"we","start":2232.37,"end":2232.49},{"text":"acknowledge","start":2232.49,"end":2232.95},{"text":"that","start":2232.95,"end":2233.25},{"text":"some","start":2233.25,"end":2233.49},{"text":"changes","start":2233.49,"end":2233.99},{"text":"were","start":2233.99,"end":2234.35},{"text":"made","start":2234.35,"end":2234.59},{"text":"to","start":2234.59,"end":2234.77},{"text":"moderate","start":2234.77,"end":2235.23},{"text":"the","start":2235.23,"end":2235.47},{"text":"text","start":2235.47,"end":2235.79},{"text":"of","start":2235.79,"end":2236.11},{"text":"the","start":2236.11,"end":2236.19},{"text":"resolution","start":2236.19,"end":2236.85},{"text":"in","start":2236.85,"end":2237.55},{"text":"certain","start":2237.55,"end":2237.75},{"text":"respects","start":2237.75,"end":2238.43},{"text":"in","start":2238.43,"end":2238.75},{"text":"response","start":2238.75,"end":2239.31},{"text":"to","start":2239.31,"end":2239.57},{"text":"member","start":2239.57,"end":2239.85},{"text":"states'","start":2239.85,"end":2240.89},{"text":"concerns","start":2240.89,"end":2240.89},{"text":"during","start":2240.89,"end":2241.65},{"text":"negotiations.","start":2241.65,"end":2242.55}]},{"text":"However, the United States continues to have serious legal and policy concerns about this resolution.","start":2243.1,"end":2251.52,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":2243.1,"end":2243.96},{"text":"the","start":2243.96,"end":2244.08},{"text":"United","start":2244.08,"end":2244.5},{"text":"States","start":2244.5,"end":2244.82},{"text":"continues","start":2244.82,"end":2245.44},{"text":"to","start":2245.44,"end":2246.04},{"text":"have","start":2246.04,"end":2246.3},{"text":"serious","start":2246.3,"end":2246.78},{"text":"legal","start":2246.78,"end":2247.34},{"text":"and","start":2247.34,"end":2247.88},{"text":"policy","start":2247.88,"end":2248.38},{"text":"concerns","start":2248.38,"end":2249.04},{"text":"about","start":2249.04,"end":2249.859},{"text":"this","start":2249.859,"end":2250.119},{"text":"resolution.","start":2250.119,"end":2251.52}]},{"text":"In brief, this resolution is highly problematic in calling on states to comply with so-called obligations that are based on non-binding conclusions of the court on which UN member states' views diverge.","start":2251.68,"end":2266.68,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2251.68,"end":2251.78},{"text":"brief,","start":2251.78,"end":2253.04},{"text":"this","start":2253.04,"end":2253.08},{"text":"resolution","start":2253.08,"end":2253.62},{"text":"is","start":2253.62,"end":2253.879},{"text":"highly","start":2253.879,"end":2254.139},{"text":"problematic","start":2254.139,"end":2254.799},{"text":"in","start":2254.799,"end":2255.06},{"text":"calling","start":2255.06,"end":2255.36},{"text":"on","start":2255.36,"end":2255.68},{"text":"states","start":2255.68,"end":2256.16},{"text":"to","start":2256.16,"end":2256.639},{"text":"comply","start":2256.639,"end":2257.18},{"text":"with","start":2257.18,"end":2257.74},{"text":"so-called","start":2257.74,"end":2258.32},{"text":"obligations","start":2258.32,"end":2259.26},{"text":"that","start":2259.26,"end":2259.82},{"text":"are","start":2259.82,"end":2259.98},{"text":"based","start":2259.98,"end":2260.36},{"text":"on","start":2260.36,"end":2260.7},{"text":"non-binding","start":2260.7,"end":2261.46},{"text":"conclusions","start":2261.46,"end":2262.24},{"text":"of","start":2262.24,"end":2262.94},{"text":"the","start":2262.94,"end":2263.1},{"text":"court","start":2263.1,"end":2263.4},{"text":"on","start":2263.4,"end":2263.7},{"text":"which","start":2263.7,"end":2263.96},{"text":"UN","start":2263.96,"end":2264.32},{"text":"member","start":2264.32,"end":2264.64},{"text":"states'","start":2264.64,"end":2265.86},{"text":"views","start":2265.86,"end":2265.88},{"text":"diverge.","start":2265.88,"end":2266.68}]},{"text":"The resolution includes inappropriate political demands, relating to fossil fuels and on other climate topics.","start":2267.48,"end":2274.609,"topics":[{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2267.48,"end":2267.7},{"text":"resolution","start":2267.7,"end":2268.14},{"text":"includes","start":2268.14,"end":2268.66},{"text":"inappropriate","start":2268.66,"end":2269.44},{"text":"political","start":2269.44,"end":2269.98},{"text":"demands,","start":2269.98,"end":2270.52},{"text":"relating","start":2270.55,"end":2271.23},{"text":"to","start":2271.23,"end":2271.49},{"text":"fossil","start":2271.49,"end":2271.81},{"text":"fuels","start":2271.81,"end":2272.37},{"text":"and","start":2272.37,"end":2272.73},{"text":"on","start":2272.73,"end":2272.97},{"text":"other","start":2272.97,"end":2273.25},{"text":"climate","start":2273.25,"end":2273.71},{"text":"topics.","start":2273.71,"end":2274.609}]},{"text":"And we believe there is no basis for the resolution's mandate to the Secretary-General to report on the complex and nuanced legal issues addressed by the court.","start":2274.79,"end":2286.35,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2274.79,"end":2275.17},{"text":"we","start":2275.17,"end":2275.269},{"text":"believe","start":2275.269,"end":2275.689},{"text":"there","start":2275.689,"end":2275.87},{"text":"is","start":2275.87,"end":2276.09},{"text":"no","start":2276.09,"end":2276.29},{"text":"basis","start":2276.29,"end":2276.729},{"text":"for","start":2276.729,"end":2276.929},{"text":"the","start":2276.929,"end":2277.09},{"text":"resolution's","start":2277.09,"end":2277.639},{"text":"mandate","start":2277.91,"end":2278.309},{"text":"to","start":2278.309,"end":2278.69},{"text":"the","start":2278.69,"end":2278.81},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":2278.81,"end":2279.99},{"text":"to","start":2279.99,"end":2280.589},{"text":"report","start":2280.589,"end":2281.07},{"text":"on","start":2281.07,"end":2281.43},{"text":"the","start":2281.43,"end":2281.57},{"text":"complex","start":2281.57,"end":2282.13},{"text":"and","start":2282.13,"end":2282.45},{"text":"nuanced","start":2282.45,"end":2282.93},{"text":"legal","start":2282.93,"end":2283.39},{"text":"issues","start":2283.39,"end":2283.93},{"text":"addressed","start":2283.93,"end":2284.65},{"text":"by","start":2284.65,"end":2284.95},{"text":"the","start":2284.95,"end":2285.15},{"text":"court.","start":2285.15,"end":2286.35}]},{"text":"The United States was not alone in our concerns about this initiative, and many similar concerns were voiced by states across regional groups during the negotiation process.","start":2286.45,"end":2297.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2286.45,"end":2286.53},{"text":"United","start":2286.53,"end":2286.87},{"text":"States","start":2286.87,"end":2287.33},{"text":"was","start":2287.33,"end":2287.65},{"text":"not","start":2287.65,"end":2287.87},{"text":"alone","start":2287.87,"end":2288.37},{"text":"in","start":2288.37,"end":2288.61},{"text":"our","start":2288.61,"end":2288.87},{"text":"concerns","start":2288.87,"end":2289.29},{"text":"about","start":2289.29,"end":2289.57},{"text":"this","start":2289.57,"end":2289.81},{"text":"initiative,","start":2289.81,"end":2290.51},{"text":"and","start":2290.63,"end":2290.99},{"text":"many","start":2290.99,"end":2291.23},{"text":"similar","start":2291.23,"end":2291.71},{"text":"concerns","start":2291.71,"end":2292.19},{"text":"were","start":2292.19,"end":2292.45},{"text":"voiced","start":2292.45,"end":2292.75},{"text":"by","start":2292.75,"end":2293.07},{"text":"states","start":2293.07,"end":2293.55},{"text":"across","start":2293.55,"end":2294.05},{"text":"regional","start":2294.05,"end":2294.53},{"text":"groups","start":2294.53,"end":2294.99},{"text":"during","start":2294.99,"end":2295.69},{"text":"the","start":2295.69,"end":2295.83},{"text":"negotiation","start":2295.83,"end":2296.45},{"text":"process.","start":2296.45,"end":2297.11}]},{"text":"The consultations made clear that there is no broad agreement among UN member states about the merits of the Court's advisory opinion.","start":2297.53,"end":2307.02,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2297.53,"end":2298.33},{"text":"consultations","start":2298.33,"end":2299.11},{"text":"made","start":2299.11,"end":2299.35},{"text":"clear","start":2299.35,"end":2300.07},{"text":"that","start":2300.07,"end":2300.37},{"text":"there","start":2300.37,"end":2300.57},{"text":"is","start":2300.57,"end":2300.83},{"text":"no","start":2300.83,"end":2301.049},{"text":"broad","start":2301.049,"end":2301.37},{"text":"agreement","start":2301.37,"end":2301.99},{"text":"among","start":2301.99,"end":2302.53},{"text":"UN","start":2302.53,"end":2302.929},{"text":"member","start":2302.929,"end":2303.21},{"text":"states","start":2303.21,"end":2303.63},{"text":"about","start":2303.63,"end":2304.05},{"text":"the","start":2304.05,"end":2304.21},{"text":"merits","start":2304.21,"end":2304.59},{"text":"of","start":2304.59,"end":2304.87},{"text":"the","start":2304.87,"end":2305.149},{"text":"Court's","start":2305.149,"end":2306.03},{"text":"advisory","start":2306.03,"end":2306.07},{"text":"opinion.","start":2306.07,"end":2307.02}]},{"text":"The Court's advice on the legal issues— it addressed whether and how the opinion is relevant to activities of the General Assembly or the textual elements of the revised draft resolution itself.","start":2307.53,"end":2320.25,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."},{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2307.53,"end":2307.69},{"text":"Court's","start":2307.69,"end":2308.09},{"text":"advice","start":2308.09,"end":2308.45},{"text":"on","start":2308.45,"end":2308.77},{"text":"the","start":2308.77,"end":2308.909},{"text":"legal","start":2308.909,"end":2309.13},{"text":"issues—","start":2309.13,"end":2309.749},{"text":"it","start":2309.749,"end":2309.749},{"text":"addressed","start":2309.749,"end":2310.21},{"text":"whether","start":2310.21,"end":2310.55},{"text":"and","start":2310.55,"end":2310.93},{"text":"how","start":2310.93,"end":2311.329},{"text":"the","start":2311.329,"end":2311.53},{"text":"opinion","start":2311.53,"end":2311.87},{"text":"is","start":2311.87,"end":2312.15},{"text":"relevant","start":2312.15,"end":2312.69},{"text":"to","start":2312.69,"end":2313.29},{"text":"activities","start":2313.29,"end":2313.85},{"text":"of","start":2313.85,"end":2314.17},{"text":"the","start":2314.17,"end":2314.35},{"text":"General","start":2314.35,"end":2314.57},{"text":"Assembly","start":2314.57,"end":2315.09},{"text":"or","start":2315.09,"end":2315.81},{"text":"the","start":2315.81,"end":2316.05},{"text":"textual","start":2316.05,"end":2316.67},{"text":"elements","start":2316.67,"end":2317.09},{"text":"of","start":2317.09,"end":2317.45},{"text":"the","start":2317.45,"end":2317.59},{"text":"revised","start":2317.59,"end":2317.97},{"text":"draft","start":2317.97,"end":2318.43},{"text":"resolution","start":2318.43,"end":2319.11},{"text":"itself.","start":2319.11,"end":2320.25}]},{"text":"We will highlight a few of our most significant concerns today.","start":2320.75,"end":2325.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2320.75,"end":2321.35},{"text":"will","start":2321.35,"end":2321.53},{"text":"highlight","start":2321.53,"end":2322.01},{"text":"a","start":2322.01,"end":2322.25},{"text":"few","start":2322.25,"end":2322.37},{"text":"of","start":2322.37,"end":2322.49},{"text":"our","start":2322.49,"end":2322.73},{"text":"most","start":2322.73,"end":2322.95},{"text":"significant","start":2322.95,"end":2323.55},{"text":"concerns","start":2323.71,"end":2324.289},{"text":"today.","start":2324.289,"end":2325.53}]},{"text":"As an initial matter, the Court's advisory opinion is, by definition, not binding on UN member states.","start":2325.53,"end":2332.61,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":2325.53,"end":2325.79},{"text":"an","start":2325.79,"end":2325.99},{"text":"initial","start":2325.99,"end":2326.29},{"text":"matter,","start":2326.29,"end":2326.71},{"text":"the","start":2326.71,"end":2326.87},{"text":"Court's","start":2326.87,"end":2327.61},{"text":"advisory","start":2327.61,"end":2327.61},{"text":"opinion","start":2327.61,"end":2328.049},{"text":"is,","start":2328.049,"end":2328.53},{"text":"by","start":2328.53,"end":2328.61},{"text":"definition,","start":2328.61,"end":2329.71},{"text":"not","start":2329.71,"end":2329.99},{"text":"binding","start":2329.99,"end":2330.509},{"text":"on","start":2330.509,"end":2330.969},{"text":"UN","start":2330.969,"end":2331.269},{"text":"member","start":2331.269,"end":2331.549},{"text":"states.","start":2331.549,"end":2332.61}]},{"text":"It was not issued in a contentious case between states on the basis of state consent, but rather pursuant to the Court's advisory function.","start":2332.61,"end":2342.45,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2332.61,"end":2332.69},{"text":"was","start":2332.69,"end":2332.89},{"text":"not","start":2332.89,"end":2333.19},{"text":"issued","start":2333.19,"end":2333.63},{"text":"in","start":2333.63,"end":2333.89},{"text":"a","start":2333.89,"end":2334.19},{"text":"contentious","start":2334.19,"end":2334.569},{"text":"case","start":2334.569,"end":2335.319},{"text":"between","start":2335.409,"end":2335.97},{"text":"states","start":2335.97,"end":2336.47},{"text":"on","start":2336.47,"end":2336.81},{"text":"the","start":2336.81,"end":2336.95},{"text":"basis","start":2336.95,"end":2337.47},{"text":"of","start":2337.47,"end":2337.73},{"text":"state","start":2337.73,"end":2338.17},{"text":"consent,","start":2338.17,"end":2338.71},{"text":"but","start":2338.71,"end":2338.87},{"text":"rather","start":2338.87,"end":2339.37},{"text":"pursuant","start":2339.37,"end":2340.11},{"text":"to","start":2340.11,"end":2340.31},{"text":"the","start":2340.31,"end":2340.53},{"text":"Court's","start":2340.53,"end":2340.95},{"text":"advisory","start":2340.95,"end":2341.45},{"text":"function.","start":2341.45,"end":2342.45}]},{"text":"Yet the resolution improperly treats the Court's opinion as irrefutably authoritative and as setting on out binding obligations on states.","start":2342.45,"end":2354.2,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2354.2,"end":2354.32},{"text":"resolution","start":2354.32,"end":2354.84},{"text":"also","start":2354.84,"end":2355.26},{"text":"amplifies","start":2355.26,"end":2355.96},{"text":"legal","start":2355.96,"end":2356.379},{"text":"errors","start":2356.379,"end":2356.86},{"text":"from","start":2356.86,"end":2357.48},{"text":"the","start":2357.48,"end":2357.76},{"text":"court's","start":2357.76,"end":2358.14},{"text":"opinion.","start":2358.14,"end":2359.28}]},{"text":"For example, the resolution calls on states to comply with so-called obligations that are based on the court's expansive and unfounded view that states have a legal duty to prevent significant transboundary harm to the global climate as a whole.","start":2359.28,"end":2375.3,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":2359.28,"end":2359.32},{"text":"example,","start":2359.32,"end":2360.46},{"text":"the","start":2360.46,"end":2360.46},{"text":"resolution","start":2360.46,"end":2360.979},{"text":"calls","start":2360.979,"end":2361.32},{"text":"on","start":2361.32,"end":2361.58},{"text":"states","start":2361.58,"end":2361.88},{"text":"to","start":2361.88,"end":2362.1},{"text":"comply","start":2362.1,"end":2362.52},{"text":"with","start":2362.52,"end":2362.84},{"text":"so-called","start":2362.84,"end":2363.24},{"text":"obligations","start":2363.25,"end":2364},{"text":"that","start":2364,"end":2364.5},{"text":"are","start":2364.5,"end":2364.639},{"text":"based","start":2364.639,"end":2364.94},{"text":"on","start":2364.94,"end":2365.12},{"text":"the","start":2365.12,"end":2365.219},{"text":"court's","start":2365.219,"end":2365.62},{"text":"expansive","start":2365.62,"end":2366.24},{"text":"and","start":2366.24,"end":2366.52},{"text":"unfounded","start":2366.52,"end":2367.059},{"text":"view","start":2367.059,"end":2367.66},{"text":"that","start":2367.66,"end":2368.059},{"text":"states","start":2368.059,"end":2368.36},{"text":"have","start":2368.36,"end":2368.58},{"text":"a","start":2368.58,"end":2368.7},{"text":"legal","start":2368.7,"end":2368.94},{"text":"duty","start":2368.94,"end":2369.38},{"text":"to","start":2369.38,"end":2369.58},{"text":"prevent","start":2369.58,"end":2369.96},{"text":"significant","start":2369.96,"end":2370.76},{"text":"transboundary","start":2371.05,"end":2372.1},{"text":"harm","start":2372.1,"end":2372.58},{"text":"to","start":2372.58,"end":2373},{"text":"the","start":2373,"end":2373.14},{"text":"global","start":2373.14,"end":2373.48},{"text":"climate","start":2373.48,"end":2373.96},{"text":"as","start":2373.96,"end":2374.26},{"text":"a","start":2374.26,"end":2374.38},{"text":"whole.","start":2374.38,"end":2375.3}]},{"text":"Not only is this a legally wrong conclusion, But such an expansive legal rule would impermissibly interfere with each state's sovereign rights to regulate and manage its own energy policy.","start":2375.3,"end":2388.62,"topics":[{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."}],"words":[{"text":"Not","start":2375.3,"end":2375.52},{"text":"only","start":2375.52,"end":2375.78},{"text":"is","start":2375.78,"end":2375.98},{"text":"this","start":2375.98,"end":2376.22},{"text":"a","start":2376.22,"end":2376.34},{"text":"legally","start":2376.34,"end":2376.72},{"text":"wrong","start":2376.72,"end":2377.14},{"text":"conclusion,","start":2377.14,"end":2377.79},{"text":"But","start":2377.89,"end":2378.39},{"text":"such","start":2378.39,"end":2378.69},{"text":"an","start":2378.69,"end":2378.87},{"text":"expansive","start":2378.87,"end":2379.47},{"text":"legal","start":2379.47,"end":2379.89},{"text":"rule","start":2379.89,"end":2380.43},{"text":"would","start":2380.43,"end":2380.73},{"text":"impermissibly","start":2380.73,"end":2381.61},{"text":"interfere","start":2381.61,"end":2382.21},{"text":"with","start":2382.21,"end":2382.85},{"text":"each","start":2382.85,"end":2383.09},{"text":"state's","start":2383.09,"end":2383.81},{"text":"sovereign","start":2383.81,"end":2384.21},{"text":"rights","start":2384.21,"end":2384.67},{"text":"to","start":2384.67,"end":2384.909},{"text":"regulate","start":2384.909,"end":2385.37},{"text":"and","start":2385.37,"end":2385.649},{"text":"manage","start":2385.649,"end":2386.13},{"text":"its","start":2386.13,"end":2386.669},{"text":"own","start":2386.669,"end":2387.11},{"text":"energy","start":2387.11,"end":2387.47},{"text":"policy.","start":2387.47,"end":2388.62}]},{"text":"The resolution repeats the court's failure to recognize the climate treaties are the sole source of a state's climate obligations and the court's misinterpretation of those treaties.","start":2388.99,"end":2400.91,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2388.99,"end":2389.07},{"text":"resolution","start":2389.07,"end":2389.57},{"text":"repeats","start":2389.57,"end":2390.11},{"text":"the","start":2390.11,"end":2390.41},{"text":"court's","start":2390.41,"end":2390.65},{"text":"failure","start":2390.65,"end":2390.95},{"text":"to","start":2390.95,"end":2391.169},{"text":"recognize","start":2391.169,"end":2391.85},{"text":"the","start":2391.85,"end":2392.29},{"text":"climate","start":2392.29,"end":2392.61},{"text":"treaties","start":2392.61,"end":2393.07},{"text":"are","start":2393.07,"end":2393.71},{"text":"the","start":2393.71,"end":2393.91},{"text":"sole","start":2393.91,"end":2394.27},{"text":"source","start":2394.27,"end":2394.81},{"text":"of","start":2394.81,"end":2395.07},{"text":"a","start":2395.07,"end":2395.13},{"text":"state's","start":2395.13,"end":2395.99},{"text":"climate","start":2395.99,"end":2396.01},{"text":"obligations","start":2396.01,"end":2396.79},{"text":"and","start":2396.79,"end":2397.65},{"text":"the","start":2397.65,"end":2397.79},{"text":"court's","start":2397.79,"end":2398.25},{"text":"misinterpretation","start":2398.25,"end":2399.19},{"text":"of","start":2399.19,"end":2399.49},{"text":"those","start":2399.49,"end":2399.79},{"text":"treaties.","start":2399.79,"end":2400.91}]},{"text":"And we disagree with the court's conclusions.","start":2400.91,"end":2403.39,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2400.91,"end":2401.33},{"text":"we","start":2401.33,"end":2401.47},{"text":"disagree","start":2401.47,"end":2401.95},{"text":"with","start":2401.95,"end":2402.19},{"text":"the","start":2402.19,"end":2402.37},{"text":"court's","start":2402.37,"end":2402.69},{"text":"conclusions.","start":2402.69,"end":2403.39}]},{"text":"Relating to the duty to cooperate, the principle of non-refoulement, and on guarantees and assurances of non-repetition, among other conclusions highlighted in the resolution.","start":2403.42,"end":2417.3,"topics":[{"key":"human-rights","label":"Human Rights and Climate Impacts","description":"Several statements linked climate change to human rights obligations, including protection of life, livelihoods, and vulnerable persons. Some delegations supported this broader rights-based framing, while others questioned references to non-refoulement, group rights, or the legal scope of human rights law in climate matters."},{"key":"state-responsibility","label":"State Responsibility and Reparation","description":"Delegations discussed whether breaches of climate-related obligations can amount to internationally wrongful acts and trigger responsibility, remedies, or reparation. While some welcomed this accountability dimension, others cautioned against implying automatic liability or legal consequences beyond what the Court explicitly stated."}],"words":[{"text":"Relating","start":2403.42,"end":2404.2},{"text":"to","start":2404.2,"end":2404.54},{"text":"the","start":2404.54,"end":2404.62},{"text":"duty","start":2404.62,"end":2404.92},{"text":"to","start":2404.92,"end":2405.22},{"text":"cooperate,","start":2405.22,"end":2406.07},{"text":"the","start":2406.38,"end":2406.5},{"text":"principle","start":2406.5,"end":2406.96},{"text":"of","start":2406.96,"end":2407.36},{"text":"non-refoulement,","start":2407.36,"end":2408.509},{"text":"and","start":2408.759,"end":2408.799},{"text":"on","start":2408.799,"end":2409.019},{"text":"guarantees","start":2409.019,"end":2409.58},{"text":"and","start":2409.58,"end":2410.559},{"text":"assurances","start":2410.559,"end":2411.139},{"text":"of","start":2411.139,"end":2411.539},{"text":"non-repetition,","start":2411.539,"end":2412.94},{"text":"among","start":2413.199,"end":2413.48},{"text":"other","start":2413.48,"end":2413.9},{"text":"conclusions","start":2413.9,"end":2414.56},{"text":"highlighted","start":2414.56,"end":2415.279},{"text":"in","start":2415.279,"end":2415.92},{"text":"the","start":2415.92,"end":2416.22},{"text":"resolution.","start":2416.22,"end":2417.3}]},{"text":"The resolution also goes beyond the Court's conclusions in several concerning ways.","start":2417.3,"end":2422.7,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2417.3,"end":2417.72},{"text":"resolution","start":2417.72,"end":2418.199},{"text":"also","start":2418.199,"end":2418.56},{"text":"goes","start":2418.56,"end":2418.8},{"text":"beyond","start":2418.8,"end":2419.279},{"text":"the","start":2419.279,"end":2419.7},{"text":"Court's","start":2419.7,"end":2419.84},{"text":"conclusions","start":2419.84,"end":2420.46},{"text":"in","start":2420.46,"end":2421.04},{"text":"several","start":2421.04,"end":2421.5},{"text":"concerning","start":2421.5,"end":2422.02},{"text":"ways.","start":2422.02,"end":2422.7}]},{"text":"For example, we are disappointed that the resolution selectively repeats the Court's view that the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities applies to all climate change obligations, and not just when parties to climate treaties have expressly included this principle as a guide to interpretation.","start":2422.7,"end":2447.28,"topics":[{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":2422.7,"end":2422.86},{"text":"example,","start":2422.86,"end":2423.92},{"text":"we","start":2423.92,"end":2424.08},{"text":"are","start":2424.08,"end":2424.3},{"text":"disappointed","start":2424.3,"end":2424.86},{"text":"that","start":2424.86,"end":2425.28},{"text":"the","start":2425.28,"end":2425.42},{"text":"resolution","start":2425.42,"end":2426.04},{"text":"selectively","start":2426.04,"end":2426.84},{"text":"repeats","start":2426.84,"end":2427.36},{"text":"the","start":2427.36,"end":2427.64},{"text":"Court's","start":2427.64,"end":2427.98},{"text":"view","start":2427.98,"end":2428.3},{"text":"that","start":2428.3,"end":2428.94},{"text":"the","start":2428.94,"end":2429.14},{"text":"principle","start":2429.14,"end":2429.66},{"text":"of","start":2429.66,"end":2430.08},{"text":"common","start":2430.08,"end":2430.44},{"text":"but","start":2430.44,"end":2430.82},{"text":"differentiated","start":2430.82,"end":2431.58},{"text":"responsibilities","start":2431.58,"end":2432.46},{"text":"and","start":2432.73,"end":2433.37},{"text":"respective","start":2433.37,"end":2434.03},{"text":"capabilities","start":2434.03,"end":2435.05},{"text":"applies","start":2435.05,"end":2435.83},{"text":"to","start":2435.83,"end":2436.31},{"text":"all","start":2436.31,"end":2436.73},{"text":"climate","start":2436.73,"end":2437.31},{"text":"change","start":2437.31,"end":2437.71},{"text":"obligations,","start":2437.71,"end":2438.909},{"text":"and","start":2439.19,"end":2439.289},{"text":"not","start":2439.289,"end":2439.55},{"text":"just","start":2439.55,"end":2439.869},{"text":"when","start":2439.869,"end":2440.09},{"text":"parties","start":2440.09,"end":2440.569},{"text":"to","start":2440.569,"end":2440.87},{"text":"climate","start":2440.87,"end":2441.21},{"text":"treaties","start":2441.21,"end":2442.009},{"text":"have","start":2442.009,"end":2442.69},{"text":"expressly","start":2442.69,"end":2443.37},{"text":"included","start":2443.37,"end":2443.83},{"text":"this","start":2443.83,"end":2444.089},{"text":"principle","start":2444.089,"end":2444.55},{"text":"as","start":2444.55,"end":2445.25},{"text":"a","start":2445.25,"end":2445.39},{"text":"guide","start":2445.39,"end":2445.81},{"text":"to","start":2445.81,"end":2446.13},{"text":"interpretation.","start":2446.13,"end":2447.28}]},{"text":"In doing so, the resolution conspicuously omits the Court's own important caveat that how this principle guides a state's obligations depends on where it falls on the spectrum between the most developed and the least developed countries, and that states have evolved to have greater responsibilities as their economic development and contributions to greenhouse gases have increased over time.","start":2447.61,"end":2473.929,"topics":[{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":2447.61,"end":2447.83},{"text":"doing","start":2447.83,"end":2448.089},{"text":"so,","start":2448.089,"end":2448.57},{"text":"the","start":2448.57,"end":2448.61},{"text":"resolution","start":2448.61,"end":2449.21},{"text":"conspicuously","start":2449.21,"end":2450.19},{"text":"omits","start":2450.19,"end":2450.63},{"text":"the","start":2450.63,"end":2450.85},{"text":"Court's","start":2450.85,"end":2451.37},{"text":"own","start":2451.37,"end":2451.57},{"text":"important","start":2451.57,"end":2452.01},{"text":"caveat","start":2452.01,"end":2452.61},{"text":"that","start":2452.61,"end":2453.33},{"text":"how","start":2453.33,"end":2453.67},{"text":"this","start":2453.67,"end":2453.95},{"text":"principle","start":2453.95,"end":2454.41},{"text":"guides","start":2454.41,"end":2455.01},{"text":"a","start":2455.01,"end":2455.35},{"text":"state's","start":2455.35,"end":2456.41},{"text":"obligations","start":2456.41,"end":2456.41},{"text":"depends","start":2456.41,"end":2457.17},{"text":"on","start":2457.17,"end":2457.67},{"text":"where","start":2457.67,"end":2457.91},{"text":"it","start":2457.91,"end":2458.11},{"text":"falls","start":2458.11,"end":2458.49},{"text":"on","start":2458.49,"end":2458.81},{"text":"the","start":2458.81,"end":2458.95},{"text":"spectrum","start":2458.95,"end":2459.45},{"text":"between","start":2459.45,"end":2459.99},{"text":"the","start":2460.39,"end":2460.629},{"text":"most","start":2460.629,"end":2460.91},{"text":"developed","start":2460.91,"end":2461.39},{"text":"and","start":2461.39,"end":2461.87},{"text":"the","start":2461.87,"end":2462.09},{"text":"least","start":2462.09,"end":2462.33},{"text":"developed","start":2462.33,"end":2462.73},{"text":"countries,","start":2462.73,"end":2463.73},{"text":"and","start":2463.93,"end":2463.97},{"text":"that","start":2463.97,"end":2464.21},{"text":"states","start":2464.21,"end":2464.55},{"text":"have","start":2464.55,"end":2464.75},{"text":"evolved","start":2464.75,"end":2465.37},{"text":"to","start":2465.37,"end":2465.63},{"text":"have","start":2465.63,"end":2465.87},{"text":"greater","start":2465.87,"end":2466.189},{"text":"responsibilities","start":2466.189,"end":2467.029},{"text":"as","start":2467.029,"end":2467.769},{"text":"their","start":2467.769,"end":2468.13},{"text":"economic","start":2468.13,"end":2468.61},{"text":"development","start":2468.61,"end":2469.169},{"text":"and","start":2469.169,"end":2469.429},{"text":"contributions","start":2469.429,"end":2470.15},{"text":"to","start":2470.15,"end":2470.65},{"text":"greenhouse","start":2470.65,"end":2471.11},{"text":"gases","start":2471.11,"end":2471.669},{"text":"have","start":2471.669,"end":2472.089},{"text":"increased","start":2472.089,"end":2472.55},{"text":"over","start":2472.55,"end":2472.89},{"text":"time.","start":2472.89,"end":2473.929}]},{"text":"Such states should not be given a free pass.","start":2473.929,"end":2477.61,"topics":[{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":2473.929,"end":2474.15},{"text":"states","start":2474.15,"end":2474.65},{"text":"should","start":2474.65,"end":2475.27},{"text":"not","start":2475.27,"end":2475.53},{"text":"be","start":2475.53,"end":2475.73},{"text":"given","start":2475.73,"end":2476.13},{"text":"a","start":2476.13,"end":2476.49},{"text":"free","start":2476.49,"end":2476.71},{"text":"pass.","start":2476.71,"end":2477.61}]},{"text":"When referencing the Court's views on human rights, the resolution mischaracterizes the Court's conclusion by adding references to the human rights of peoples, despite the clear understanding that international human rights law applies to individuals and not groups.","start":2478.43,"end":2497.149,"topics":[{"key":"human-rights","label":"Human Rights and Climate Impacts","description":"Several statements linked climate change to human rights obligations, including protection of life, livelihoods, and vulnerable persons. Some delegations supported this broader rights-based framing, while others questioned references to non-refoulement, group rights, or the legal scope of human rights law in climate matters."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":2478.43,"end":2478.63},{"text":"referencing","start":2478.63,"end":2479.19},{"text":"the","start":2479.19,"end":2479.39},{"text":"Court's","start":2479.39,"end":2479.79},{"text":"views","start":2479.79,"end":2479.99},{"text":"on","start":2479.99,"end":2480.27},{"text":"human","start":2480.27,"end":2480.55},{"text":"rights,","start":2480.55,"end":2481.25},{"text":"the","start":2481.51,"end":2481.55},{"text":"resolution","start":2481.55,"end":2482.21},{"text":"mischaracterizes","start":2482.21,"end":2483.33},{"text":"the","start":2483.33,"end":2483.61},{"text":"Court's","start":2483.61,"end":2483.97},{"text":"conclusion","start":2483.97,"end":2484.65},{"text":"by","start":2484.65,"end":2485.17},{"text":"adding","start":2485.17,"end":2485.49},{"text":"references","start":2485.49,"end":2485.97},{"text":"to","start":2485.97,"end":2486.25},{"text":"the","start":2486.25,"end":2486.41},{"text":"human","start":2486.41,"end":2486.63},{"text":"rights","start":2486.63,"end":2487.09},{"text":"of","start":2487.12,"end":2487.819},{"text":"peoples,","start":2487.819,"end":2489.28},{"text":"despite","start":2489.28,"end":2489.88},{"text":"the","start":2489.88,"end":2490.32},{"text":"clear","start":2490.32,"end":2490.58},{"text":"understanding","start":2490.58,"end":2491.16},{"text":"that","start":2491.16,"end":2491.419},{"text":"international","start":2491.419,"end":2492.04},{"text":"human","start":2492.04,"end":2492.379},{"text":"rights","start":2492.379,"end":2492.7},{"text":"law","start":2492.7,"end":2493.2},{"text":"applies","start":2493.2,"end":2493.919},{"text":"to","start":2493.919,"end":2494.339},{"text":"individuals","start":2494.339,"end":2494.98},{"text":"and","start":2494.98,"end":2495.58},{"text":"not","start":2495.58,"end":2495.899},{"text":"groups.","start":2495.899,"end":2497.149}]},{"text":"With respect to sea level rise, the resolution takes the court's view on the impact on sea level rise on maritime boundaries and statehood as a launching point to make broad, conclusory, and expedient assertions that go beyond the text of the court's opinion and are not founded in international law.","start":2497.34,"end":2520.05,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise, Maritime Zones, and Statehood","description":"A major topic was the legal protection of small island and low-lying coastal States facing sea-level rise. Speakers emphasized continuity of statehood, preservation of maritime zones and entitlements, and the importance of legal certainty for affected countries."}],"words":[{"text":"With","start":2497.34,"end":2497.42},{"text":"respect","start":2497.42,"end":2497.899},{"text":"to","start":2497.899,"end":2498.18},{"text":"sea","start":2498.18,"end":2498.399},{"text":"level","start":2498.399,"end":2498.62},{"text":"rise,","start":2498.62,"end":2499.319},{"text":"the","start":2499.36,"end":2499.399},{"text":"resolution","start":2499.399,"end":2499.96},{"text":"takes","start":2499.96,"end":2500.34},{"text":"the","start":2500.34,"end":2500.54},{"text":"court's","start":2500.54,"end":2501.38},{"text":"view","start":2501.38,"end":2501.38},{"text":"on","start":2501.38,"end":2501.92},{"text":"the","start":2501.92,"end":2502.02},{"text":"impact","start":2502.02,"end":2502.5},{"text":"on","start":2502.5,"end":2503.44},{"text":"sea","start":2503.44,"end":2503.74},{"text":"level","start":2503.74,"end":2503.96},{"text":"rise","start":2503.96,"end":2504.4},{"text":"on","start":2504.4,"end":2504.68},{"text":"maritime","start":2504.68,"end":2505.46},{"text":"boundaries","start":2505.46,"end":2506.36},{"text":"and","start":2506.36,"end":2506.74},{"text":"statehood","start":2506.74,"end":2507.52},{"text":"as","start":2507.52,"end":2508.3},{"text":"a","start":2508.3,"end":2508.56},{"text":"launching","start":2508.56,"end":2509.06},{"text":"point","start":2509.06,"end":2509.46},{"text":"to","start":2509.46,"end":2509.66},{"text":"make","start":2509.66,"end":2509.86},{"text":"broad,","start":2509.86,"end":2510.84},{"text":"conclusory,","start":2510.84,"end":2511.6},{"text":"and","start":2511.6,"end":2511.72},{"text":"expedient","start":2511.72,"end":2512.36},{"text":"assertions","start":2512.36,"end":2513},{"text":"that","start":2513.13,"end":2513.67},{"text":"go","start":2513.67,"end":2513.87},{"text":"beyond","start":2513.87,"end":2514.27},{"text":"the","start":2514.27,"end":2514.49},{"text":"text","start":2514.49,"end":2514.77},{"text":"of","start":2514.77,"end":2514.97},{"text":"the","start":2514.97,"end":2515.03},{"text":"court's","start":2515.03,"end":2515.35},{"text":"opinion","start":2515.35,"end":2515.77},{"text":"and","start":2515.77,"end":2516.31},{"text":"are","start":2516.31,"end":2516.55},{"text":"not","start":2516.55,"end":2516.77},{"text":"founded","start":2516.77,"end":2517.45},{"text":"in","start":2517.45,"end":2518.389},{"text":"international","start":2518.389,"end":2518.99},{"text":"law.","start":2518.99,"end":2520.05}]},{"text":"In other instances, the resolution singles out certain groups for preferential treatment and makes alarmist political statements, such as the idea that climate change is an unprecedented challenge of civil— civilizational proportions.","start":2520.05,"end":2536,"topics":[{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer most. 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Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":2536.37,"end":2536.59},{"text":"hyperbolic","start":2536.59,"end":2537.33},{"text":"statements","start":2537.33,"end":2537.85},{"text":"are","start":2537.85,"end":2538.45},{"text":"not","start":2538.45,"end":2538.65},{"text":"appropriate","start":2538.65,"end":2539.19},{"text":"in","start":2539.35,"end":2539.63},{"text":"a","start":2539.63,"end":2539.83},{"text":"resolution","start":2539.83,"end":2540.29},{"text":"on","start":2540.29,"end":2540.65},{"text":"an","start":2540.65,"end":2540.89},{"text":"ICJ","start":2540.89,"end":2542.11},{"text":"advisory","start":2542.11,"end":2542.67},{"text":"opinion.","start":2542.67,"end":2543.819}]},{"text":"The resolution purports to avoid duplication of existing framework for the international community's consideration of climate matters.","start":2544.31,"end":2552.049,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2544.31,"end":2544.35},{"text":"resolution","start":2544.35,"end":2544.869},{"text":"purports","start":2544.869,"end":2545.31},{"text":"to","start":2545.31,"end":2545.59},{"text":"avoid","start":2545.59,"end":2546.029},{"text":"duplication","start":2546.029,"end":2546.83},{"text":"of","start":2546.83,"end":2546.949},{"text":"existing","start":2546.949,"end":2547.389},{"text":"framework","start":2547.389,"end":2547.91},{"text":"for","start":2547.91,"end":2548.45},{"text":"the","start":2548.45,"end":2548.67},{"text":"international","start":2548.67,"end":2549.19},{"text":"community's","start":2549.19,"end":2549.969},{"text":"consideration","start":2549.969,"end":2550.51},{"text":"of","start":2550.51,"end":2550.709},{"text":"climate","start":2550.709,"end":2551.01},{"text":"matters.","start":2551.01,"end":2552.049}]},{"text":"Yet the resolution urges states to promote goals set by the climate process, such as so-called \"just transitions\" from fossil fuels, and decides to include the Court's advisory opinion on the General Assembly's future agenda.","start":2552.049,"end":2568.29,"topics":[{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."},{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"Yet","start":2552.049,"end":2552.35},{"text":"the","start":2552.35,"end":2552.51},{"text":"resolution","start":2552.51,"end":2553.15},{"text":"urges","start":2553.15,"end":2553.65},{"text":"states","start":2553.65,"end":2554.15},{"text":"to","start":2554.15,"end":2554.59},{"text":"promote","start":2554.59,"end":2554.93},{"text":"goals","start":2554.93,"end":2555.49},{"text":"set","start":2555.49,"end":2556.03},{"text":"by","start":2556.03,"end":2556.27},{"text":"the","start":2556.27,"end":2556.47},{"text":"climate","start":2556.47,"end":2556.75},{"text":"process,","start":2556.75,"end":2557.6},{"text":"such","start":2558.09,"end":2558.17},{"text":"as","start":2558.17,"end":2558.41},{"text":"so-called","start":2558.41,"end":2559.03},{"text":"\"just","start":2559.03,"end":2559.49},{"text":"transitions\"","start":2559.49,"end":2560.85},{"text":"from","start":2560.85,"end":2560.91},{"text":"fossil","start":2560.91,"end":2561.33},{"text":"fuels,","start":2561.33,"end":2562.21},{"text":"and","start":2562.21,"end":2562.25},{"text":"decides","start":2562.25,"end":2562.71},{"text":"to","start":2562.71,"end":2563.09},{"text":"include","start":2563.09,"end":2563.45},{"text":"the","start":2563.45,"end":2563.61},{"text":"Court's","start":2563.61,"end":2563.99},{"text":"advisory","start":2563.99,"end":2564.45},{"text":"opinion","start":2564.45,"end":2564.91},{"text":"on","start":2565.15,"end":2565.53},{"text":"the","start":2565.53,"end":2565.729},{"text":"General","start":2565.729,"end":2566.03},{"text":"Assembly's","start":2566.03,"end":2566.89},{"text":"future","start":2566.89,"end":2567.29},{"text":"agenda.","start":2567.29,"end":2568.29}]},{"text":"These elements of the resolution create avenues for encroaching on and duplicating the existing framework.","start":2569.109,"end":2576.939,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":2569.109,"end":2569.27},{"text":"elements","start":2569.27,"end":2569.81},{"text":"of","start":2569.81,"end":2570.07},{"text":"the","start":2570.07,"end":2570.249},{"text":"resolution","start":2570.249,"end":2570.81},{"text":"create","start":2570.81,"end":2571.449},{"text":"avenues","start":2571.449,"end":2572.05},{"text":"for","start":2572.05,"end":2572.289},{"text":"encroaching","start":2572.289,"end":2572.749},{"text":"on","start":2572.749,"end":2573.61},{"text":"and","start":2573.61,"end":2573.87},{"text":"duplicating","start":2573.87,"end":2574.89},{"text":"the","start":2574.89,"end":2575.189},{"text":"existing","start":2575.189,"end":2575.689},{"text":"framework.","start":2575.689,"end":2576.939}]},{"text":"Finally, we have substantial concerns about the resolution's request that the Secretary-General issue a report on how to advance compliance with the advisory opinion.","start":2577.05,"end":2589.25,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":2577.05,"end":2578.23},{"text":"we","start":2578.23,"end":2578.23},{"text":"have","start":2578.23,"end":2578.689},{"text":"substantial","start":2578.689,"end":2579.41},{"text":"concerns","start":2579.41,"end":2580.07},{"text":"about","start":2580.07,"end":2580.55},{"text":"the","start":2580.55,"end":2580.689},{"text":"resolution's","start":2580.689,"end":2581.41},{"text":"request","start":2581.41,"end":2582.01},{"text":"that","start":2582.01,"end":2582.49},{"text":"the","start":2582.49,"end":2582.63},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":2582.63,"end":2583.85},{"text":"issue","start":2583.85,"end":2584.41},{"text":"a","start":2584.41,"end":2584.71},{"text":"report","start":2584.71,"end":2585.17},{"text":"on","start":2585.17,"end":2585.75},{"text":"how","start":2585.75,"end":2585.93},{"text":"to","start":2585.93,"end":2586.19},{"text":"advance","start":2586.19,"end":2586.53},{"text":"compliance","start":2586.53,"end":2587.17},{"text":"with","start":2587.17,"end":2587.57},{"text":"the","start":2587.57,"end":2587.77},{"text":"advisory","start":2587.77,"end":2588.25},{"text":"opinion.","start":2588.25,"end":2589.25}]},{"text":"Even the Court emphasized the limited role that international law plays with respect to climate change, and avoided assigning liability or concluding that internationally wrongful acts have been committed by any state or states.","start":2589.43,"end":2607.04,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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While some welcomed this accountability dimension, others cautioned against implying automatic liability or legal consequences beyond what the Court explicitly stated."}],"words":[{"text":"Even","start":2589.43,"end":2589.79},{"text":"the","start":2589.79,"end":2590.05},{"text":"Court","start":2590.05,"end":2590.31},{"text":"emphasized","start":2590.31,"end":2590.91},{"text":"the","start":2591.07,"end":2591.649},{"text":"limited","start":2591.649,"end":2592.07},{"text":"role","start":2592.07,"end":2592.53},{"text":"that","start":2592.53,"end":2592.75},{"text":"international","start":2592.75,"end":2593.33},{"text":"law","start":2593.33,"end":2593.69},{"text":"plays","start":2593.69,"end":2593.99},{"text":"with","start":2593.99,"end":2594.21},{"text":"respect","start":2594.21,"end":2594.65},{"text":"to","start":2594.65,"end":2594.83},{"text":"climate","start":2594.83,"end":2595.23},{"text":"change,","start":2595.23,"end":2596.03},{"text":"and","start":2596.03,"end":2596.089},{"text":"avoided","start":2596.089,"end":2596.61},{"text":"assigning","start":2596.61,"end":2597.409},{"text":"liability","start":2597.409,"end":2598.27},{"text":"or","start":2598.27,"end":2599.51},{"text":"concluding","start":2599.51,"end":2600.31},{"text":"that","start":2600.31,"end":2600.57},{"text":"internationally","start":2600.57,"end":2601.41},{"text":"wrongful","start":2601.41,"end":2602.23},{"text":"acts","start":2602.23,"end":2602.87},{"text":"have","start":2602.87,"end":2603.189},{"text":"been","start":2603.189,"end":2603.39},{"text":"committed","start":2603.39,"end":2603.89},{"text":"by","start":2603.89,"end":2604.59},{"text":"any","start":2604.59,"end":2605.03},{"text":"state","start":2605.03,"end":2605.47},{"text":"or","start":2605.47,"end":2605.79},{"text":"states.","start":2605.79,"end":2607.04}]},{"text":"There is no basis in the court's opinion for the General Assembly to provide the Secretary-General with this type of mandate.","start":2607.39,"end":2615.25,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"There","start":2607.39,"end":2607.97},{"text":"is","start":2607.97,"end":2608.19},{"text":"no","start":2608.19,"end":2608.37},{"text":"basis","start":2608.37,"end":2608.87},{"text":"in","start":2608.87,"end":2609.25},{"text":"the","start":2609.25,"end":2609.49},{"text":"court's","start":2609.49,"end":2609.83},{"text":"opinion","start":2609.83,"end":2610.19},{"text":"for","start":2610.19,"end":2610.69},{"text":"the","start":2610.69,"end":2610.87},{"text":"General","start":2610.87,"end":2611.17},{"text":"Assembly","start":2611.17,"end":2611.67},{"text":"to","start":2611.67,"end":2611.89},{"text":"provide","start":2611.89,"end":2612.31},{"text":"the","start":2612.31,"end":2612.47},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":2612.47,"end":2613.49},{"text":"with","start":2613.49,"end":2614.03},{"text":"this","start":2614.03,"end":2614.31},{"text":"type","start":2614.31,"end":2614.61},{"text":"of","start":2614.61,"end":2614.87},{"text":"mandate.","start":2614.87,"end":2615.25}]},{"text":"And we are aware of no similar precedent.","start":2617.077,"end":2619.516,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2617.077,"end":2617.221},{"text":"we","start":2617.254,"end":2617.35},{"text":"are","start":2617.414,"end":2617.558},{"text":"aware","start":2617.558,"end":2617.847},{"text":"of","start":2618.056,"end":2618.184},{"text":"no","start":2618.216,"end":2618.344},{"text":"similar","start":2618.457,"end":2618.986},{"text":"precedent.","start":2619.002,"end":2619.516}]},{"text":"We urge the Secretariat to avoid wading into the complex legal issues addressed by the Court and avoid duplicating or complicating work that is part of the entirely separate processes under the UNFCCC.","start":2620.703,"end":2635.061,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. 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Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' 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all of these reasons, the United States opposes this resolution and encourages all member states to do the 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States of America","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":25,"start":2644.63,"pageUrl":"/ru/ga/80/83?lang=en&t=2645","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":2644.63,"end":2646.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2644.63,"end":2644.63},{"text":"you.","start":2644.63,"end":2646.63}]},{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of the United States.","start":2646.63,"end":2649.179,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2646.63,"end":2646.65},{"text":"thank","start":2646.65,"end":2646.929},{"text":"the","start":2646.929,"end":2647.07},{"text":"distinguished","start":2647.07,"end":2647.33},{"text":"representative","start":2647.33,"end":2647.95},{"text":"of","start":2647.95,"end":2648.23},{"text":"the","start":2648.23,"end":2648.35},{"text":"United","start":2648.35,"end":2648.53},{"text":"States.","start":2648.53,"end":2649.179}]},{"text":"I would urge member states again to stay within the time limits of 5 minutes.","start":2649.33,"end":2653.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2649.33,"end":2649.33},{"text":"would","start":2649.33,"end":2649.509},{"text":"urge","start":2649.509,"end":2649.95},{"text":"member","start":2649.95,"end":2650.27},{"text":"states","start":2650.27,"end":2650.57},{"text":"again","start":2650.57,"end":2650.91},{"text":"to","start":2650.91,"end":2651.029},{"text":"stay","start":2651.029,"end":2651.269},{"text":"within","start":2651.269,"end":2651.55},{"text":"the","start":2651.55,"end":2651.83},{"text":"time","start":2651.83,"end":2652.05},{"text":"limits","start":2652.05,"end":2652.269},{"text":"of","start":2652.269,"end":2652.51},{"text":"5","start":2652.51,"end":2652.75},{"text":"minutes.","start":2652.75,"end":2653.35}]},{"text":"Any further?","start":2655.21,"end":2655.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":2655.21,"end":2655.31},{"text":"further?","start":2655.31,"end":2655.75}]},{"text":"No. We have heard the last speaker in explanation of vote before the vote.","start":2655.75,"end":2660.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"No.","start":2655.75,"end":2656.029},{"text":"We","start":2656.029,"end":2656.09},{"text":"have","start":2656.09,"end":2656.35},{"text":"heard","start":2656.35,"end":2656.55},{"text":"the","start":2656.55,"end":2656.689},{"text":"last","start":2656.689,"end":2656.97},{"text":"speaker","start":2656.97,"end":2657.39},{"text":"in","start":2657.39,"end":2657.71},{"text":"explanation","start":2657.71,"end":2658.189},{"text":"of","start":2658.189,"end":2658.43},{"text":"vote","start":2658.43,"end":2658.71},{"text":"before","start":2658.71,"end":2659.17},{"text":"the","start":2659.17,"end":2659.41},{"text":"vote.","start":2659.41,"end":2660.35}]},{"text":"We will now proceed to consider draft resolution A/AD/L65 and draft amendments A/AD/L62.","start":2660.35,"end":2668.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2660.35,"end":2660.57},{"text":"will","start":2660.57,"end":2660.83},{"text":"now","start":2660.83,"end":2661.11},{"text":"proceed","start":2661.11,"end":2661.55},{"text":"to","start":2661.55,"end":2661.73},{"text":"consider","start":2661.73,"end":2662.19},{"text":"draft","start":2662.19,"end":2662.59},{"text":"resolution","start":2662.59,"end":2663.19},{"text":"A/AD/L65","start":2664.04,"end":2665.79},{"text":"and","start":2665.79,"end":2666.69},{"text":"draft","start":2666.69,"end":2666.99},{"text":"amendments","start":2666.99,"end":2667.55},{"text":"A/AD/L62.","start":2667.55,"end":2668.25}]},{"text":"L66, A/80/L67, A/80/L68, and A/80/L69/revision 1.","start":2669.06,"end":2682.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"L66,","start":2669.06,"end":2670.11},{"text":"A/80/L67,","start":2670.11,"end":2673.21},{"text":"A/80/L68,","start":2673.21,"end":2676.149},{"text":"and","start":2676.149,"end":2676.409},{"text":"A/80/L69/revision","start":2676.409,"end":2679.91},{"text":"1.","start":2679.91,"end":2682.15}]},{"text":"Before proceeding further, the representative of Vanuatu has moved that all the draft amendments be considered together as one 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decision on the question will need to be decided by the Assembly.","start":2690.27,"end":2694.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2690.27,"end":2690.43},{"text":"decision","start":2690.43,"end":2690.85},{"text":"on","start":2690.85,"end":2691.57},{"text":"the","start":2691.57,"end":2691.75},{"text":"question","start":2691.75,"end":2692.03},{"text":"will","start":2692.03,"end":2692.21},{"text":"need","start":2692.21,"end":2692.43},{"text":"to","start":2692.43,"end":2692.53},{"text":"be","start":2692.53,"end":2692.65},{"text":"decided","start":2692.65,"end":2693.11},{"text":"by","start":2693.11,"end":2693.87},{"text":"the","start":2693.87,"end":2694.23},{"text":"Assembly.","start":2694.23,"end":2694.75}]},{"text":"Is there any objection to this motion?","start":2695.753,"end":2698.125,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Is","start":2695.753,"end":2695.881},{"text":"there","start":2695.994,"end":2696.25},{"text":"any","start":2696.458,"end":2696.683},{"text":"objection","start":2696.699,"end":2697.244},{"text":"to","start":2697.276,"end":2697.372},{"text":"this","start":2697.436,"end":2697.66},{"text":"motion?","start":2697.66,"end":2698.125}]},{"text":"I see Saudi Arabia.","start":2700.32,"end":2701.698,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2700.32,"end":2700.352},{"text":"see","start":2700.4,"end":2700.721},{"text":"Saudi","start":2700.721,"end":2701.122},{"text":"Arabia.","start":2701.122,"end":2701.698}]},{"text":"I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Saudi 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President.","start":2707.612,"end":2709.294,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2707.612,"end":2707.916},{"text":"you,","start":2707.916,"end":2708.076},{"text":"Madam","start":2708.253,"end":2708.525},{"text":"President.","start":2708.573,"end":2709.294}]},{"text":"The amendments before the Assembly are separate texts introduced by different delegations addressing four distinct operative 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clear.","start":2731.262,"end":2734.588,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2731.262,"end":2731.455},{"text":"rule—","start":2732.708,"end":2732.836},{"text":"Rule","start":2733.222,"end":2733.543},{"text":"90","start":2733.543,"end":2734.009},{"text":"is","start":2734.074,"end":2734.138},{"text":"clear.","start":2734.25,"end":2734.588}]},{"text":"The Assembly shall vote on each amendment in turn, in sequence, beginning with the one farther removed in substance from the original 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is a mandatory procedural requirement, not a distinct— a, a distinct one.","start":2747.968,"end":2754.089,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2747.968,"end":2748.144},{"text":"is","start":2748.144,"end":2748.304},{"text":"a","start":2748.304,"end":2748.32},{"text":"mandatory","start":2748.32,"end":2748.865},{"text":"procedural","start":2748.865,"end":2749.506},{"text":"requirement,","start":2749.506,"end":2750.307},{"text":"not","start":2750.932,"end":2751.205},{"text":"a","start":2751.349,"end":2751.429},{"text":"distinct—","start":2751.429,"end":2752.054},{"text":"a,","start":2752.134,"end":2752.15},{"text":"a","start":2752.711,"end":2752.727},{"text":"distinct","start":2752.727,"end":2753.32},{"text":"one.","start":2753.977,"end":2754.089}]},{"text":"The only exception Rule 90 recognizes is where adoption of one of the amendments necessarily implies rejection of the— of 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condition is not met here.","start":2767.037,"end":2770.434,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":2767.037,"end":2767.374},{"text":"condition","start":2767.374,"end":2767.886},{"text":"is","start":2768.415,"end":2768.527},{"text":"not","start":2768.672,"end":2769.056},{"text":"met","start":2769.761,"end":2770.098},{"text":"here.","start":2770.242,"end":2770.434}]},{"text":"No other basis for grouping exists under the rules.","start":2771.364,"end":2775.924,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"No","start":2771.364,"end":2771.476},{"text":"other","start":2771.604,"end":2771.861},{"text":"basis","start":2771.861,"end":2772.309},{"text":"for","start":2772.743,"end":2772.919},{"text":"grouping","start":2772.984,"end":2773.433},{"text":"exists","start":2774.108,"end":2774.67},{"text":"under","start":2774.751,"end":2775.152},{"text":"the","start":2775.474,"end":2775.554},{"text":"rules.","start":2775.618,"end":2775.924}]},{"text":"Merging distinct amendments without sponsor consent and without 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therefore respectfully raise a point of order under Rule 71 of the Rules of Procedure and request the President to rule that an en bloc vote on the four separately tabled amendments is not permissible under Rule 90, and that each amendment must be put to the vote individually and in sequence as Rule 90 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should either be put separately in respect of each amendment, or if framed as an adjournment, of debate on the item draft as a whole apply to the draft resolution together with all amendments 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delegation therefore regret— regrettably withdraws its proposal on OP2 so as to avoid creating a precedent whereby no action motion is used to bundle separate amendments into a single voting object, effectively denying member states the opportunity to consider each amendment on its own 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therefore request that each amendment be put to the vote individually and in sequence, and request the President to rule this motion out of order in strict accordance with Rule 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thank you.","start":2907.001,"end":2907.499,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2907.001,"end":2907.05},{"text":"thank","start":2907.098,"end":2907.339},{"text":"you.","start":2907.339,"end":2907.499}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"SAU","affiliation_full":"Saudi Arabia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":27,"start":2909.908,"pageUrl":"/ru/ga/80/83?lang=en&t=2910","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":2909.908,"end":2910.839,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2909.908,"end":2910.165},{"text":"you","start":2910.213,"end":2910.309},{"text":"very","start":2910.309,"end":2910.566},{"text":"much.","start":2910.566,"end":2910.839}]},{"text":"Please, everybody reflecting on the different 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Kuwait.","start":2916.154,"end":2922.271,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2916.154,"end":2916.202},{"text":"give","start":2916.716,"end":2916.957},{"text":"the","start":2917.294,"end":2917.374},{"text":"floor","start":2917.438,"end":2917.791},{"text":"now","start":2918.161,"end":2918.273},{"text":"to","start":2918.498,"end":2918.851},{"text":"the","start":2918.883,"end":2919.14},{"text":"distinguished","start":2919.22,"end":2919.622},{"text":"representative","start":2919.622,"end":2920.569},{"text":"of","start":2920.971,"end":2921.195},{"text":"Kuwait.","start":2921.533,"end":2922.271}]},{"text":"Afterwards, I see the distinguished representative of the Islamic Republic of 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90 of the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly is clear in its implications on the procedural necessity for any and all amendments to be considered at 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per the order set out in said rule of procedure, Whereas the exception stipulated in Rule 90 is when the adoption of one amendment necessarily implies the rejection of another amendment, the latter amendment shall not be put to the 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action is also inconsistent with the dynamics that have led up to today's plenary and the consideration of the 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that said, Kuwait raises a point of order against the motion to group the amendments based on Rule 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withdraw our proposal on OP 11 so as to avoid setting an unsafe precedent where the proposal of an amendment comes under a no-action motion that effectively groups the items for consideration by the membership and without the nuances of dynamics that led up to the procedural motions to begin with, and also to do so despite the desires of the proponents of said 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President, we request that Rule 90 be enforced and for each proposal to be considered separately and in sequence as per established 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you, Madam President, for the floor.","start":3024.72,"end":3027.832,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3024.72,"end":3025.025},{"text":"you,","start":3025.025,"end":3025.057},{"text":"Madam","start":3025.121,"end":3025.538},{"text":"President,","start":3026.549,"end":3027.03},{"text":"for","start":3027.046,"end":3027.19},{"text":"the","start":3027.206,"end":3027.431},{"text":"floor.","start":3027.431,"end":3027.832}]},{"text":"Madam President, we also request for the same reason as the ambassador, distinguished ambassador and peer of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, requests Mr. President, and as well as the distinguished delegation of Kuwait, we also believe that separate action on each amendment would ensure greater legal and procedural clarity, preserve the integrity of the decision-making process, and enabling delegations to express their position on each proposed individually, transparently, and with 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said that, we fully support that action be taken individually on each request given.","start":3064.51,"end":3073.038,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Having","start":3064.51,"end":3064.734},{"text":"said","start":3064.782,"end":3065.023},{"text":"that,","start":3065.087,"end":3065.327},{"text":"we","start":3065.712,"end":3065.744},{"text":"fully","start":3065.808,"end":3066.097},{"text":"support","start":3066.129,"end":3066.77},{"text":"that","start":3066.77,"end":3067.091},{"text":"action","start":3067.395,"end":3067.636},{"text":"be","start":3067.732,"end":3067.892},{"text":"taken","start":3067.892,"end":3068.421},{"text":"individually","start":3068.597,"end":3069.303},{"text":"on","start":3069.96,"end":3070.024},{"text":"each","start":3070.521,"end":3070.778},{"text":"request","start":3072.14,"end":3072.749},{"text":"given.","start":3072.782,"end":3073.038}]},{"text":"Thank 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Iran.","start":3076.132,"end":3079.242,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3076.132,"end":3076.212},{"text":"thank","start":3076.212,"end":3076.533},{"text":"the","start":3076.533,"end":3076.565},{"text":"distinguished","start":3076.565,"end":3077.014},{"text":"representative","start":3077.014,"end":3077.687},{"text":"of","start":3077.687,"end":3077.831},{"text":"the","start":3077.831,"end":3077.895},{"text":"Islamic","start":3077.895,"end":3078.296},{"text":"Republic","start":3078.296,"end":3078.713},{"text":"of","start":3078.713,"end":3078.873},{"text":"Iran.","start":3078.937,"end":3079.242}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Pakistan.","start":3079.434,"end":3083.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3079.434,"end":3079.546},{"text":"now","start":3079.595,"end":3079.771},{"text":"give","start":3079.835,"end":3079.995},{"text":"the","start":3079.995,"end":3080.075},{"text":"floor","start":3080.075,"end":3080.38},{"text":"to","start":3080.38,"end":3080.444},{"text":"the","start":3080.476,"end":3080.556},{"text":"distinguished","start":3081.198,"end":3081.534},{"text":"representative","start":3081.534,"end":3082.24},{"text":"of","start":3082.384,"end":3082.528},{"text":"Pakistan.","start":3082.624,"end":3083.33}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"GA","affiliation_full":"GA","group":null,"function":"President"}},{"statement_number":32,"start":3086.969,"pageUrl":"/ru/ga/80/83?lang=en&t=3087","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Madam President.","start":3086.969,"end":3088.395,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3086.969,"end":3087.193},{"text":"you","start":3087.193,"end":3087.273},{"text":"very","start":3087.273,"end":3087.401},{"text":"much,","start":3087.45,"end":3087.642},{"text":"Madam","start":3087.69,"end":3087.93},{"text":"President.","start":3087.995,"end":3088.395}]},{"text":"We concur with the point of order raised by the Kingdom of Saudi 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cannot be bundled into a single voting object.","start":3107.818,"end":3110.403,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":3107.818,"end":3108.059},{"text":"cannot","start":3108.059,"end":3108.396},{"text":"be","start":3108.396,"end":3108.557},{"text":"bundled","start":3108.557,"end":3108.974},{"text":"into","start":3108.974,"end":3109.167},{"text":"a","start":3109.215,"end":3109.231},{"text":"single","start":3109.279,"end":3109.745},{"text":"voting","start":3109.745,"end":3109.969},{"text":"object.","start":3110.082,"end":3110.403}]},{"text":"Rule 90 is clear: the Assembly shall vote on each amendment in turn in sequence, beginning with the one furthest removed in substance from the original 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is a mandatory procedural requirement, not a discretionary one.","start":3122.29,"end":3126.789,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3122.29,"end":3122.429},{"text":"is","start":3122.429,"end":3122.629},{"text":"a","start":3122.629,"end":3122.79},{"text":"mandatory","start":3122.79,"end":3123.25},{"text":"procedural","start":3123.25,"end":3123.769},{"text":"requirement,","start":3123.769,"end":3124.59},{"text":"not","start":3124.59,"end":3124.97},{"text":"a","start":3124.97,"end":3125.17},{"text":"discretionary","start":3125.17,"end":3125.83},{"text":"one.","start":3125.83,"end":3126.789}]},{"text":"The only exception to Rule 90 is where adoption of one amendment necessarily implies rejection of 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here.","start":3133.69,"end":3136.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":3133.69,"end":3133.97},{"text":"condition","start":3133.97,"end":3134.39},{"text":"is","start":3134.39,"end":3134.61},{"text":"not","start":3134.61,"end":3134.95},{"text":"being","start":3134.95,"end":3135.43},{"text":"met","start":3135.43,"end":3135.67},{"text":"here.","start":3135.67,"end":3136.41}]},{"text":"No other basis for grouping exists under the rules, nor in our practice and 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this would set a dangerous precedent, one that could be exploited in future sessions to suppress legitimate amendment rights by bundling incompatible texts and disposing of them together through a single procedural 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therefore echo the point of order raised by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.","start":3165.712,"end":3169.084,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3165.712,"end":3165.857},{"text":"therefore","start":3165.857,"end":3166.258},{"text":"echo","start":3166.258,"end":3166.451},{"text":"the","start":3166.499,"end":3166.595},{"text":"point","start":3166.595,"end":3166.852},{"text":"of","start":3166.852,"end":3166.965},{"text":"order","start":3167.061,"end":3167.238},{"text":"raised","start":3167.318,"end":3167.623},{"text":"by","start":3167.623,"end":3167.752},{"text":"the","start":3167.8,"end":3167.88},{"text":"Kingdom","start":3167.88,"end":3168.233},{"text":"of","start":3168.265,"end":3168.362},{"text":"Saudi","start":3168.362,"end":3168.651},{"text":"Arabia.","start":3168.683,"end":3169.084}]},{"text":"We strongly support it and we request that the President make a ruling on the admissibility of the 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irrespective of our political differences and divergence of opinion on matters of substance, we should not, as a matter of principle, prevent individual delegations or groups of member states from being able to propose amendments and have them duly considered by the 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thank you very much.","start":3194.133,"end":3194.935,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3194.133,"end":3194.293},{"text":"thank","start":3194.293,"end":3194.534},{"text":"you","start":3194.534,"end":3194.614},{"text":"very","start":3194.614,"end":3194.743},{"text":"much.","start":3194.775,"end":3194.935}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"PAK","affiliation_full":"Pakistan","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":33,"start":3196.77,"pageUrl":"/ru/ga/80/83?lang=en&t=3197","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Are there any further requests for the floor?","start":3196.77,"end":3202.529,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Are","start":3196.77,"end":3197.75},{"text":"there","start":3197.75,"end":3198.29},{"text":"any","start":3198.29,"end":3198.73},{"text":"further","start":3198.73,"end":3199.27},{"text":"requests","start":3199.27,"end":3199.91},{"text":"for","start":3199.91,"end":3200.61},{"text":"the","start":3200.61,"end":3200.93},{"text":"floor?","start":3200.93,"end":3202.529}]},{"text":"I don't see any.","start":3204.51,"end":3207.84,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3204.51,"end":3204.91},{"text":"don't","start":3204.91,"end":3205.25},{"text":"see","start":3205.25,"end":3205.99},{"text":"any.","start":3205.99,"end":3207.84}]},{"text":"At the motion, as we have all listened carefully to the statements just made, I would like to underline that there is no explicit provision in the rules of procedure that prohibits the motion because it has been brought forward by 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have had these cases before, and therefore I will proceed now as we have proceeded also before, also because other statements have made the point of 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this light of the objections just heard, I shall now put to recorded vote the motion made by the representative of Vanuatu that all all the draft amendments to draft resolution A/80/L65, that is draft amendments L66 to L69 revision 1, be considered together as one 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is why I said that we are voting on the amendments to draft resolution A/80/L65, that is draft amendments L66 to L69 revision 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this correct, or do you want to withdraw withdraw further?","start":3481.85,"end":3486.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Is","start":3481.85,"end":3482.05},{"text":"this","start":3482.05,"end":3482.29},{"text":"correct,","start":3482.29,"end":3482.79},{"text":"or","start":3482.79,"end":3483.13},{"text":"do","start":3483.13,"end":3483.21},{"text":"you","start":3483.21,"end":3483.35},{"text":"want","start":3483.35,"end":3483.53},{"text":"to","start":3483.53,"end":3483.73},{"text":"withdraw","start":3483.73,"end":3483.73},{"text":"withdraw","start":3483.75,"end":3483.87},{"text":"further?","start":3483.87,"end":3486.05}]},{"text":"That's correct?","start":3486.05,"end":3487.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That's","start":3486.05,"end":3486.25},{"text":"correct?","start":3486.25,"end":3487.69}]},{"text":"Clear to everyone in the room?","start":3487.69,"end":3489.92,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Clear","start":3487.69,"end":3488.37},{"text":"to","start":3488.37,"end":3488.549},{"text":"everyone","start":3488.549,"end":3488.849},{"text":"in","start":3488.849,"end":3489.07},{"text":"the","start":3489.07,"end":3489.17},{"text":"room?","start":3489.17,"end":3489.92}]},{"text":"So there has been withdrawal of amendments, so there are not 4 amendments anymore but only 2, the ones I just 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for everyone?","start":3501.05,"end":3503,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Fine","start":3501.05,"end":3501.55},{"text":"for","start":3501.55,"end":3501.75},{"text":"everyone?","start":3501.75,"end":3503}]},{"text":"So L67 and L68 are being withdrawn, which leaves it to L66 and L69, OP3 and OP4.","start":3506.95,"end":3520.185,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3506.95,"end":3507.73},{"text":"L67","start":3507.73,"end":3508.95},{"text":"and","start":3508.95,"end":3509.53},{"text":"L68","start":3509.636,"end":3510.872},{"text":"are","start":3511.001,"end":3511.065},{"text":"being","start":3511.097,"end":3511.306},{"text":"withdrawn,","start":3511.418,"end":3512.028},{"text":"which","start":3512.526,"end":3512.671},{"text":"leaves","start":3512.767,"end":3513.04},{"text":"it","start":3513.168,"end":3513.281},{"text":"to","start":3513.489,"end":3513.682},{"text":"L66","start":3514.132,"end":3515.368},{"text":"and","start":3515.753,"end":3515.962},{"text":"L69,","start":3516.139,"end":3517.857},{"text":"OP3","start":3518.387,"end":3519.061},{"text":"and","start":3519.35,"end":3519.462},{"text":"OP4.","start":3519.527,"end":3520.185}]},{"text":"Because we want to be very clear that everybody is on the same page, any request for the floor to clarify this, not on 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don't see it, so I would like to repeat.","start":3535.32,"end":3539.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3535.32,"end":3535.97},{"text":"don't","start":3535.97,"end":3536.91},{"text":"see","start":3536.91,"end":3537.23},{"text":"it,","start":3537.23,"end":3537.43},{"text":"so","start":3537.43,"end":3537.65},{"text":"I","start":3537.65,"end":3537.79},{"text":"would","start":3537.79,"end":3538.09},{"text":"like","start":3538.09,"end":3538.53},{"text":"to","start":3538.53,"end":3538.77},{"text":"repeat.","start":3538.77,"end":3539.57}]},{"text":"But now we have another request.","start":3540.91,"end":3542.54,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":3540.91,"end":3541.09},{"text":"now","start":3541.09,"end":3541.349},{"text":"we","start":3541.349,"end":3541.469},{"text":"have","start":3541.469,"end":3541.63},{"text":"another","start":3541.63,"end":3541.889},{"text":"request.","start":3541.889,"end":3542.54}]},{"text":"We have Pakistan and South 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amendments.","start":3563.53,"end":3566.793,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3563.53,"end":3563.79},{"text":"had","start":3563.79,"end":3564.01},{"text":"the","start":3564.01,"end":3564.15},{"text":"point","start":3564.15,"end":3564.33},{"text":"of","start":3564.33,"end":3564.45},{"text":"order","start":3564.45,"end":3564.69},{"text":"for","start":3564.69,"end":3564.85},{"text":"clarification","start":3564.77,"end":3565.733},{"text":"of","start":3565.765,"end":3565.893},{"text":"the","start":3565.926,"end":3566.054},{"text":"amendments.","start":3566.07,"end":3566.793}]},{"text":"I read out which amendments we are in the middle of voting.","start":3566.873,"end":3570.389,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3566.873,"end":3566.921},{"text":"read","start":3566.969,"end":3567.194},{"text":"out","start":3567.194,"end":3567.515},{"text":"which","start":3567.515,"end":3567.66},{"text":"amendments","start":3567.772,"end":3568.35},{"text":"we","start":3568.414,"end":3568.495},{"text":"are","start":3568.559,"end":3568.784},{"text":"in","start":3569.057,"end":3569.105},{"text":"the","start":3569.201,"end":3569.233},{"text":"middle","start":3569.233,"end":3569.522},{"text":"of","start":3569.522,"end":3569.667},{"text":"voting.","start":3569.94,"end":3570.389}]},{"text":"We are in the motion of if somebody has to, uh, adjust their voting.","start":3571.064,"end":3575.126,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3571.064,"end":3571.208},{"text":"are","start":3571.224,"end":3571.385},{"text":"in","start":3571.385,"end":3571.465},{"text":"the","start":3571.465,"end":3571.786},{"text":"motion","start":3571.883,"end":3572.236},{"text":"of","start":3572.332,"end":3572.396},{"text":"if","start":3572.525,"end":3572.653},{"text":"somebody","start":3572.653,"end":3572.99},{"text":"has","start":3572.99,"end":3573.119},{"text":"to,","start":3573.231,"end":3573.424},{"text":"uh,","start":3573.777,"end":3573.938},{"text":"adjust","start":3574.034,"end":3574.516},{"text":"their","start":3574.516,"end":3574.628},{"text":"voting.","start":3574.676,"end":3575.126}]},{"text":"So I give first the floor to the distinguished representative of Pakistan, followed by South Africa.","start":3575.576,"end":3581.484,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":3575.576,"end":3575.688},{"text":"I","start":3575.704,"end":3575.784},{"text":"give","start":3575.784,"end":3575.945},{"text":"first","start":3575.945,"end":3576.282},{"text":"the","start":3576.282,"end":3576.362},{"text":"floor","start":3576.362,"end":3576.844},{"text":"to","start":3576.844,"end":3577.053},{"text":"the","start":3577.245,"end":3577.326},{"text":"distinguished","start":3577.326,"end":3577.727},{"text":"representative","start":3577.727,"end":3578.498},{"text":"of","start":3578.61,"end":3578.707},{"text":"Pakistan,","start":3578.771,"end":3579.542},{"text":"followed","start":3579.895,"end":3580.344},{"text":"by","start":3580.457,"end":3580.569},{"text":"South","start":3580.714,"end":3581.067},{"text":"Africa.","start":3581.163,"end":3581.484}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"GA","affiliation_full":"GA","group":null,"function":"President"}},{"statement_number":42,"start":3584.07,"pageUrl":"/ru/ga/80/83?lang=en&t=3585","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Madam President.","start":3584.07,"end":3585.9,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3584.07,"end":3584.31},{"text":"you","start":3584.31,"end":3584.455},{"text":"very","start":3584.455,"end":3584.599},{"text":"much,","start":3584.632,"end":3584.937},{"text":"Madam","start":3585.113,"end":3585.434},{"text":"President.","start":3585.434,"end":3585.9}]},{"text":"We observe somewhat of a procedural irregularity here.","start":3586.221,"end":3590.107,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3586.221,"end":3586.398},{"text":"observe","start":3586.398,"end":3586.847},{"text":"somewhat","start":3587.056,"end":3587.747},{"text":"of","start":3587.763,"end":3587.891},{"text":"a","start":3587.987,"end":3588.148},{"text":"procedural","start":3588.148,"end":3589.063},{"text":"irregularity","start":3589.192,"end":3589.978},{"text":"here.","start":3589.994,"end":3590.107}]},{"text":"There was a motion moved, then there was a point of order raised supported by 3 delegations including my own, and after that there was a ruling by you, the President.","start":3590.813,"end":3603.876,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":3590.813,"end":3590.925},{"text":"was","start":3590.974,"end":3591.086},{"text":"a","start":3591.134,"end":3591.166},{"text":"motion","start":3591.198,"end":3591.567},{"text":"moved,","start":3591.615,"end":3591.985},{"text":"then","start":3592.803,"end":3592.931},{"text":"there","start":3593.06,"end":3593.3},{"text":"was","start":3593.3,"end":3593.429},{"text":"a","start":3593.541,"end":3593.686},{"text":"point","start":3593.686,"end":3593.958},{"text":"of","start":3593.958,"end":3594.071},{"text":"order","start":3594.103,"end":3594.424},{"text":"raised","start":3594.424,"end":3594.873},{"text":"supported","start":3595.162,"end":3595.788},{"text":"by","start":3595.788,"end":3596.029},{"text":"3","start":3597.409,"end":3597.714},{"text":"delegations","start":3597.778,"end":3598.323},{"text":"including","start":3598.355,"end":3598.725},{"text":"my","start":3598.757,"end":3598.853},{"text":"own,","start":3598.997,"end":3599.11},{"text":"and","start":3599.383,"end":3599.671},{"text":"after","start":3599.864,"end":3600.169},{"text":"that","start":3600.185,"end":3600.49},{"text":"there","start":3601.645,"end":3601.806},{"text":"was","start":3601.806,"end":3601.902},{"text":"a","start":3601.966,"end":3602.03},{"text":"ruling","start":3602.03,"end":3602.303},{"text":"by","start":3602.367,"end":3602.48},{"text":"you,","start":3602.592,"end":3602.64},{"text":"the","start":3603.314,"end":3603.411},{"text":"President.","start":3603.411,"end":3603.876}]},{"text":"And according to our reading of Rule 71, any representative may appeal against the ruling of the 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appeal against your ruling, and Pakistan joins that appeal 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the rule goes on to say the appeal shall be put immediately to vote, and the President's ruling shall stand unless overruled by a majority of the members present and 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is a procedural irregularity.","start":3649.967,"end":3651.842,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3649.967,"end":3650.143},{"text":"is","start":3650.143,"end":3650.239},{"text":"a","start":3650.303,"end":3650.319},{"text":"procedural","start":3650.383,"end":3651.04},{"text":"irregularity.","start":3651.121,"end":3651.842}]},{"text":"We should first vote on your ruling, on the appeal against your ruling, 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Arabia.","start":3660.559,"end":3665.591,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yet","start":3660.559,"end":3660.896},{"text":"I","start":3661.281,"end":3661.377},{"text":"must","start":3661.377,"end":3661.681},{"text":"clarify,","start":3661.681,"end":3662.274},{"text":"there","start":3662.466,"end":3662.627},{"text":"was","start":3662.627,"end":3662.771},{"text":"no","start":3662.963,"end":3663.187},{"text":"appeal","start":3663.364,"end":3663.78},{"text":"by","start":3664.47,"end":3664.566},{"text":"Saudi","start":3664.566,"end":3664.934},{"text":"Arabia.","start":3665.03,"end":3665.591}]},{"text":"I asked precisely— Saudi Arabia was asking what we are voting 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is why we proceeded like this.","start":3678.9,"end":3681.189,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3678.9,"end":3679.04},{"text":"is","start":3679.04,"end":3679.3},{"text":"why","start":3679.3,"end":3679.46},{"text":"we","start":3679.46,"end":3679.62},{"text":"proceeded","start":3679.62,"end":3680.14},{"text":"like","start":3680.14,"end":3680.54},{"text":"this.","start":3680.54,"end":3681.189}]},{"text":"We are therefore in the midst of this voting process where we didn't have any appeal 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clarified.","start":3692.46,"end":3693.92,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3692.46,"end":3692.64},{"text":"has","start":3692.64,"end":3692.9},{"text":"been","start":3692.9,"end":3693.22},{"text":"clarified.","start":3693.22,"end":3693.92}]},{"text":"And there was— after I asked if there any further need for clarification, no further 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there's unclarity in the rules of procedures, member states are free to look at the rules of 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clarification could be needed in the future, but as long as these rules of procedures are not changed, we are following 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now give the floor to the distinguished representative of South Africa.","start":3731.665,"end":3735.053,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3731.665,"end":3731.697},{"text":"now","start":3731.697,"end":3731.842},{"text":"give","start":3731.842,"end":3732.002},{"text":"the","start":3732.002,"end":3732.131},{"text":"floor","start":3732.147,"end":3732.404},{"text":"to","start":3732.404,"end":3732.5},{"text":"the","start":3732.5,"end":3732.548},{"text":"distinguished","start":3732.548,"end":3732.982},{"text":"representative","start":3732.982,"end":3733.817},{"text":"of","start":3734.074,"end":3734.218},{"text":"South","start":3734.347,"end":3734.62},{"text":"Africa.","start":3734.716,"end":3735.053}]},{"text":"Thank you, Madam 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grouping is for the amendment L66 OP3 and L69 OP4.","start":3797.703,"end":3806.149,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3797.703,"end":3797.783},{"text":"grouping","start":3797.783,"end":3798.201},{"text":"is","start":3798.49,"end":3798.634},{"text":"for","start":3799.068,"end":3799.405},{"text":"the","start":3799.55,"end":3799.646},{"text":"amendment","start":3799.646,"end":3800.417},{"text":"L66","start":3800.577,"end":3801.653},{"text":"OP3","start":3801.878,"end":3802.536},{"text":"and","start":3802.745,"end":3802.809},{"text":"L69","start":3802.986,"end":3804.254},{"text":"OP4.","start":3804.832,"end":3806.149}]},{"text":"Part of you have already voted, so I would like to proceed with finishing this voting process, as South Africa has said, after the result of the 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we will see whether they are being voted as a pack or not, depends on the outcome of the 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will go in detail to the amendments.","start":3825.84,"end":3827.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3825.84,"end":3825.9},{"text":"will","start":3825.9,"end":3826.1},{"text":"go","start":3826.1,"end":3826.32},{"text":"in","start":3826.32,"end":3826.52},{"text":"detail","start":3826.52,"end":3826.98},{"text":"to","start":3826.98,"end":3827.239},{"text":"the","start":3827.239,"end":3827.38},{"text":"amendments.","start":3827.38,"end":3827.93}]},{"text":"But now I see Iran asking for the floor as 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you're free to press the button again.","start":3841.7,"end":3843.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":3841.7,"end":3841.74},{"text":"you're","start":3841.74,"end":3841.88},{"text":"free","start":3841.88,"end":3842.18},{"text":"to","start":3842.18,"end":3842.3},{"text":"press","start":3842.3,"end":3842.48},{"text":"the","start":3842.48,"end":3842.64},{"text":"button","start":3842.64,"end":3842.94},{"text":"again.","start":3842.94,"end":3843.39}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"GA","affiliation_full":"GA","group":null,"function":"President"}},{"statement_number":48,"start":3845.4,"pageUrl":"/ru/ga/80/83?lang=en&t=3846","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam President.","start":3845.4,"end":3847.56,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3845.4,"end":3845.58},{"text":"you,","start":3845.58,"end":3846.18},{"text":"Madam","start":3846.18,"end":3846.7},{"text":"President.","start":3846.7,"end":3847.56}]},{"text":"We just echoed a point made by our 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you please just repeat your proposal?","start":4257.85,"end":4261.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Could","start":4257.85,"end":4257.97},{"text":"you","start":4257.97,"end":4258.19},{"text":"please","start":4258.19,"end":4258.49},{"text":"just","start":4258.49,"end":4258.89},{"text":"repeat","start":4258.89,"end":4259.57},{"text":"your","start":4259.57,"end":4260.23},{"text":"proposal?","start":4260.23,"end":4261.23}]},{"text":"I know that we are voting on it, on Rule 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just have to fix it here with the machine, so one second.","start":4406.208,"end":4410.351,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4406.208,"end":4406.353},{"text":"just","start":4406.353,"end":4406.593},{"text":"have","start":4406.593,"end":4406.738},{"text":"to","start":4406.77,"end":4406.898},{"text":"fix","start":4406.915,"end":4407.187},{"text":"it","start":4407.187,"end":4407.332},{"text":"here","start":4407.332,"end":4407.525},{"text":"with","start":4407.637,"end":4407.798},{"text":"the","start":4407.798,"end":4407.878},{"text":"machine,","start":4407.878,"end":4408.328},{"text":"so","start":4408.536,"end":4408.793},{"text":"one","start":4409.66,"end":4409.773},{"text":"second.","start":4409.821,"end":4410.351}]},{"text":"So while we're fixing, just to explain, and I hope everybody is fine with this proposal, Vanuatu has requested in the light of 4 amendments, the grouping of 4, then 2 have been 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would propose that we vote on them separately.","start":4480.769,"end":4483.359,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4480.769,"end":4480.91},{"text":"would","start":4480.91,"end":4481.09},{"text":"propose","start":4481.09,"end":4481.59},{"text":"that","start":4481.59,"end":4481.81},{"text":"we","start":4481.81,"end":4481.99},{"text":"vote","start":4481.99,"end":4482.23},{"text":"on","start":4482.23,"end":4482.35},{"text":"them","start":4482.35,"end":4482.81},{"text":"separately.","start":4482.81,"end":4483.359}]},{"text":"So we would vote first, because Kuwait pressed the button first, on the amendment introduced by Kuwait, L68, touching OP 11, and then afterwards L69, 67 Saudi Arabia 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A/80/L65.","start":4624.059,"end":4631.279,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"2018/208","start":4624.059,"end":4624.86},{"text":"to","start":4624.86,"end":4625.46},{"text":"draft","start":4625.46,"end":4625.78},{"text":"resolution","start":4625.78,"end":4626.36},{"text":"A/80/L65.","start":4626.36,"end":4631.279}]},{"text":"In accordance with Rule 90 of the Rules of Procedure, the Assembly shall first take a decision on this oral 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Kuwait is not adopted.","start":4723.096,"end":4727.415,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4723.096,"end":4723.225},{"text":"oral","start":4723.321,"end":4723.562},{"text":"amendment","start":4723.562,"end":4724.06},{"text":"proposed","start":4724.06,"end":4724.589},{"text":"by","start":4724.622,"end":4724.782},{"text":"the","start":4724.782,"end":4724.862},{"text":"representative","start":4724.862,"end":4725.649},{"text":"of","start":4725.826,"end":4725.922},{"text":"Kuwait","start":4725.97,"end":4726.468},{"text":"is","start":4726.532,"end":4726.596},{"text":"not","start":4726.709,"end":4726.966},{"text":"adopted.","start":4727.174,"end":4727.415}]},{"text":"The representative of Saudi Arabia has proposed an oral amendment on draft resolution A/80/L65, which was originally L67 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resolution L65 entitled Advisory Opinion of the International Court Justice of on the obligation of states in respect of climate change.","start":4875.82,"end":4889.167,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4875.82,"end":4875.98},{"text":"Assembly","start":4875.98,"end":4876.24},{"text":"is","start":4876.24,"end":4876.5},{"text":"now","start":4876.5,"end":4876.7},{"text":"voting","start":4876.7,"end":4877.1},{"text":"on","start":4877.1,"end":4877.66},{"text":"draft","start":4877.66,"end":4878},{"text":"resolution","start":4878,"end":4878.84},{"text":"L65","start":4878.84,"end":4879.69},{"text":"entitled","start":4880.75,"end":4881.6},{"text":"Advisory","start":4881.6,"end":4882.6},{"text":"Opinion","start":4882.6,"end":4883.08},{"text":"of","start":4883.08,"end":4883.34},{"text":"the","start":4883.34,"end":4883.52},{"text":"International","start":4883.52,"end":4883.86},{"text":"Court","start":4883.86,"end":4884.12},{"text":"Justice","start":4884.11,"end":4884.72},{"text":"of","start":4884.12,"end":4884.2},{"text":"on","start":4885.089,"end":4885.153},{"text":"the","start":4885.201,"end":4885.346},{"text":"obligation","start":4885.346,"end":4885.908},{"text":"of","start":4885.908,"end":4886.004},{"text":"states","start":4886.004,"end":4886.534},{"text":"in","start":4886.55,"end":4886.678},{"text":"respect","start":4886.71,"end":4887.256},{"text":"of","start":4888.059,"end":4888.203},{"text":"climate","start":4888.235,"end":4888.685},{"text":"change.","start":4888.781,"end":4889.167}]},{"text":"Will all delegations confirm that the votes are accurately reflected on the screen?","start":4889.985,"end":4894.769,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Will","start":4889.985,"end":4890.178},{"text":"all","start":4890.306,"end":4890.451},{"text":"delegations","start":4890.467,"end":4891.173},{"text":"confirm","start":4891.205,"end":4891.815},{"text":"that","start":4891.912,"end":4892.072},{"text":"the","start":4892.072,"end":4892.169},{"text":"votes","start":4892.169,"end":4892.522},{"text":"are","start":4892.714,"end":4892.907},{"text":"accurately","start":4892.907,"end":4893.228},{"text":"reflected","start":4893.228,"end":4893.983},{"text":"on","start":4894.159,"end":4894.208},{"text":"the","start":4894.4,"end":4894.496},{"text":"screen?","start":4894.496,"end":4894.769}]},{"text":"The voting has been completed.","start":4899.297,"end":4901.865,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4899.297,"end":4899.393},{"text":"voting","start":4899.393,"end":4899.842},{"text":"has","start":4900.436,"end":4900.725},{"text":"been","start":4900.902,"end":4901.047},{"text":"completed.","start":4901.159,"end":4901.865}]},{"text":"Please lock the machine.","start":4902.427,"end":4904.209,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Please","start":4902.427,"end":4902.812},{"text":"lock","start":4903.085,"end":4903.406},{"text":"the","start":4903.567,"end":4903.76},{"text":"machine.","start":4903.872,"end":4904.209}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"UN Secretariat","affiliation_full":"UN Secretariat","group":null,"function":"Secretariat"}},{"statement_number":67,"start":4906.12,"pageUrl":"/ru/ga/80/83?lang=en&t=4907","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"The result of the vote is as follows: in favor, 104. 41 against 8, abstentions 28.","start":4906.12,"end":4916.579,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4906.12,"end":4907.324},{"text":"result","start":4907.324,"end":4907.837},{"text":"of","start":4907.886,"end":4907.982},{"text":"the","start":4907.982,"end":4908.078},{"text":"vote","start":4908.078,"end":4908.383},{"text":"is","start":4908.383,"end":4908.512},{"text":"as","start":4908.608,"end":4908.672},{"text":"follows:","start":4908.769,"end":4909.074},{"text":"in","start":4909.186,"end":4909.314},{"text":"favor,","start":4909.33,"end":4909.989},{"text":"104.","start":4910.069,"end":4910.727},{"text":"41","start":4910.94,"end":4911.72},{"text":"against","start":4911.72,"end":4912.94},{"text":"8,","start":4912.94,"end":4914.44},{"text":"abstentions","start":4914.44,"end":4914.98},{"text":"28.","start":4914.98,"end":4916.579}]},{"text":"Draft Resolution A/80/L65 is hereby adopted.","start":4916.579,"end":4923.719,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Draft","start":4916.579,"end":4916.699},{"text":"Resolution","start":4916.699,"end":4917.38},{"text":"A/80/L65","start":4917.38,"end":4920.66},{"text":"is","start":4920.66,"end":4921.34},{"text":"hereby","start":4921.34,"end":4922.02},{"text":"adopted.","start":4922.02,"end":4923.719}]},{"text":"I'm thanking everybody for staying with us.","start":4936.47,"end":4940.649,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'm","start":4936.47,"end":4936.91},{"text":"thanking","start":4936.91,"end":4937.15},{"text":"everybody","start":4937.15,"end":4937.85},{"text":"for","start":4937.85,"end":4938.39},{"text":"staying","start":4938.39,"end":4939.05},{"text":"with","start":4939.05,"end":4939.67},{"text":"us.","start":4939.67,"end":4940.649}]},{"text":"And now, before giving the floor for explanation of vote after the vote, may I remind delegation that they are strongly urged to limit explanation of vote to 5 minutes, 7 minutes on behalf of a group, which should in any case not exceed 10 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as said before, we agreed to limit it to 5 and 7.","start":4956.79,"end":4962.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":4956.79,"end":4956.91},{"text":"as","start":4956.91,"end":4957.11},{"text":"said","start":4957.11,"end":4957.65},{"text":"before,","start":4957.65,"end":4958.89},{"text":"we","start":4958.89,"end":4958.95},{"text":"agreed","start":4958.95,"end":4959.71},{"text":"to","start":4959.71,"end":4960.23},{"text":"limit","start":4960.23,"end":4960.53},{"text":"it","start":4960.53,"end":4960.71},{"text":"to","start":4960.71,"end":4960.91},{"text":"5","start":4960.91,"end":4961.21},{"text":"and","start":4961.21,"end":4961.51},{"text":"7.","start":4961.51,"end":4962.15}]},{"text":"As the first speaker, I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of 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more.","start":4968.232,"end":4975.227,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Many","start":4968.232,"end":4968.456},{"text":"will","start":4968.569,"end":4968.858},{"text":"follow:","start":4968.874,"end":4969.355},{"text":"Italy,","start":4970.253,"end":4970.622},{"text":"Philippines,","start":4970.959,"end":4971.585},{"text":"Egypt,","start":4971.761,"end":4972.114},{"text":"France,","start":4972.163,"end":4972.628},{"text":"Malta,","start":4972.74,"end":4973.253},{"text":"Australia,","start":4973.446,"end":4974.184},{"text":"and","start":4974.328,"end":4974.713},{"text":"many","start":4974.729,"end":4974.97},{"text":"more.","start":4974.97,"end":4975.227}]},{"text":"Please, Fiji.","start":4975.467,"end":4976.478,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Please,","start":4975.467,"end":4975.756},{"text":"Fiji.","start":4976.173,"end":4976.478}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"GA","affiliation_full":"GA","group":null,"function":"President"}},{"statement_number":68,"start":4981.002,"pageUrl":"/ru/ga/80/83?lang=en&t=4982","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam President.","start":4981.002,"end":4983.088,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4981.002,"end":4982.19},{"text":"you,","start":4982.19,"end":4982.254},{"text":"Madam","start":4982.27,"end":4982.543},{"text":"President.","start":4982.607,"end":4983.088}]},{"text":"I speak on behalf of the Pacific Small Island Developing States.","start":4984.532,"end":4987.885,"topics":[{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer 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This included repeated references to small island developing States, least developed countries, and frontline populations facing existential and unequal harms."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4984.532,"end":4984.548},{"text":"speak","start":4984.628,"end":4985.029},{"text":"on","start":4985.078,"end":4985.126},{"text":"behalf","start":4985.174,"end":4985.527},{"text":"of","start":4985.639,"end":4985.799},{"text":"the","start":4985.799,"end":4985.992},{"text":"Pacific","start":4986.04,"end":4986.521},{"text":"Small","start":4986.521,"end":4986.81},{"text":"Island","start":4986.923,"end":4987.099},{"text":"Developing","start":4987.099,"end":4987.596},{"text":"States.","start":4987.596,"end":4987.885}]},{"text":"And I align myself with statements that will follow from AOC and the Pacific Island Forum.","start":4989.506,"end":4994.448,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4989.506,"end":4989.57},{"text":"I","start":4989.65,"end":4989.746},{"text":"align","start":4989.746,"end":4990.019},{"text":"myself","start":4990.132,"end":4990.645},{"text":"with","start":4990.709,"end":4990.918},{"text":"statements","start":4990.934,"end":4991.431},{"text":"that","start":4991.431,"end":4991.656},{"text":"will","start":4991.656,"end":4991.768},{"text":"follow","start":4991.832,"end":4992.153},{"text":"from","start":4992.153,"end":4992.346},{"text":"AOC","start":4992.474,"end":4993.084},{"text":"and","start":4993.18,"end":4993.293},{"text":"the","start":4993.293,"end":4993.437},{"text":"Pacific","start":4993.437,"end":4993.822},{"text":"Island","start":4993.822,"end":4994.047},{"text":"Forum.","start":4994.079,"end":4994.448}]},{"text":"We stand here at a moment of profound consequence, not merely for the Pacific, but for the community of nations and for the planet we hold in sacred trust for generations yet unborn.","start":4996.004,"end":5008.167,"topics":[{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer most. This included repeated references to small island developing States, least developed countries, and frontline populations facing existential and unequal harms."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4996.004,"end":4996.165},{"text":"stand","start":4996.165,"end":4996.614},{"text":"here","start":4996.63,"end":4996.903},{"text":"at","start":4997.031,"end":4997.144},{"text":"a","start":4997.144,"end":4997.16},{"text":"moment","start":4997.16,"end":4997.689},{"text":"of","start":4997.689,"end":4997.786},{"text":"profound","start":4997.834,"end":4998.347},{"text":"consequence,","start":4998.492,"end":4999.214},{"text":"not","start":5000.096,"end":5000.417},{"text":"merely","start":5000.417,"end":5000.786},{"text":"for","start":5000.802,"end":5000.915},{"text":"the","start":5000.915,"end":5001.043},{"text":"Pacific,","start":5001.043,"end":5001.637},{"text":"but","start":5002.487,"end":5002.631},{"text":"for","start":5002.648,"end":5002.808},{"text":"the","start":5002.808,"end":5002.904},{"text":"community","start":5002.904,"end":5003.434},{"text":"of","start":5003.45,"end":5003.514},{"text":"nations","start":5003.546,"end":5004.076},{"text":"and","start":5004.268,"end":5004.332},{"text":"for","start":5004.413,"end":5004.525},{"text":"the","start":5004.525,"end":5004.669},{"text":"planet","start":5004.669,"end":5005.135},{"text":"we","start":5005.135,"end":5005.295},{"text":"hold","start":5005.295,"end":5005.552},{"text":"in","start":5005.552,"end":5005.6},{"text":"sacred","start":5005.696,"end":5006.097},{"text":"trust","start":5006.178,"end":5006.402},{"text":"for","start":5006.515,"end":5006.579},{"text":"generations","start":5006.659,"end":5007.365},{"text":"yet","start":5007.461,"end":5007.782},{"text":"unborn.","start":5007.798,"end":5008.167}]},{"text":"Peace Seeds unreservedly welcomes and fully supports the adoption of this landmark resolution.","start":5010.269,"end":5015.709,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Peace","start":5010.269,"end":5010.446},{"text":"Seeds","start":5010.446,"end":5010.847},{"text":"unreservedly","start":5010.991,"end":5011.858},{"text":"welcomes","start":5011.89,"end":5012.5},{"text":"and","start":5012.612,"end":5012.741},{"text":"fully","start":5012.773,"end":5013.029},{"text":"supports","start":5013.029,"end":5013.511},{"text":"the","start":5013.511,"end":5013.607},{"text":"adoption","start":5013.655,"end":5014.169},{"text":"of","start":5014.281,"end":5014.441},{"text":"this","start":5014.441,"end":5014.618},{"text":"landmark","start":5014.618,"end":5015.18},{"text":"resolution.","start":5015.18,"end":5015.709}]},{"text":"Madam President, on 23 July 2025, the International Court of Justice delivered a unanimous advisory opinion—the first time the world's highest court had examined the international legal framework applicable to climate change.","start":5016.57,"end":5032.38,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":5016.57,"end":5017.77},{"text":"President,","start":5017.77,"end":5018.79},{"text":"on","start":5018.79,"end":5018.79},{"text":"23","start":5018.79,"end":5019.31},{"text":"July","start":5019.31,"end":5019.83},{"text":"2025,","start":5019.83,"end":5021.01},{"text":"the","start":5021.01,"end":5021.01},{"text":"International","start":5021.01,"end":5021.529},{"text":"Court","start":5021.529,"end":5021.79},{"text":"of","start":5021.79,"end":5021.83},{"text":"Justice","start":5021.83,"end":5022.39},{"text":"delivered","start":5022.39,"end":5022.87},{"text":"a","start":5022.87,"end":5023.109},{"text":"unanimous","start":5023.109,"end":5023.609},{"text":"advisory","start":5023.609,"end":5024.15},{"text":"opinion—the","start":5025.02,"end":5025.87},{"text":"first","start":5025.87,"end":5026.23},{"text":"time","start":5026.23,"end":5026.57},{"text":"the","start":5026.57,"end":5026.69},{"text":"world's","start":5026.69,"end":5027.31},{"text":"highest","start":5027.31,"end":5027.41},{"text":"court","start":5027.41,"end":5027.749},{"text":"had","start":5027.749,"end":5028.009},{"text":"examined","start":5028.009,"end":5028.47},{"text":"the","start":5028.47,"end":5028.669},{"text":"international","start":5028.669,"end":5029.19},{"text":"legal","start":5029.19,"end":5029.47},{"text":"framework","start":5029.47,"end":5029.97},{"text":"applicable","start":5029.97,"end":5030.47},{"text":"to","start":5030.47,"end":5030.79},{"text":"climate","start":5030.79,"end":5031.13},{"text":"change.","start":5031.13,"end":5032.38}]},{"text":"Its message was unambiguous: climate obligations are not political aspirations; they are legal duties.","start":5032.69,"end":5041.51,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Its","start":5032.69,"end":5033.01},{"text":"message","start":5033.01,"end":5033.67},{"text":"was","start":5033.67,"end":5034.19},{"text":"unambiguous:","start":5034.19,"end":5036.11},{"text":"climate","start":5036.11,"end":5036.43},{"text":"obligations","start":5036.43,"end":5037.17},{"text":"are","start":5037.17,"end":5037.59},{"text":"not","start":5037.59,"end":5037.75},{"text":"political","start":5037.75,"end":5038.29},{"text":"aspirations;","start":5038.29,"end":5040.07},{"text":"they","start":5040.07,"end":5040.19},{"text":"are","start":5040.19,"end":5040.45},{"text":"legal","start":5040.45,"end":5040.81},{"text":"duties.","start":5040.81,"end":5041.51}]},{"text":"Today, this Assembly gives that principle the political force it demands.","start":5042.263,"end":5046.077,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Today,","start":5042.263,"end":5042.567},{"text":"this","start":5042.583,"end":5042.84},{"text":"Assembly","start":5042.84,"end":5043.353},{"text":"gives","start":5043.449,"end":5043.673},{"text":"that","start":5043.705,"end":5043.945},{"text":"principle","start":5043.945,"end":5044.426},{"text":"the","start":5044.426,"end":5044.586},{"text":"political","start":5044.586,"end":5045.083},{"text":"force","start":5045.131,"end":5045.548},{"text":"it","start":5045.564,"end":5045.692},{"text":"demands.","start":5045.692,"end":5046.077}]},{"text":"We pay tribute to Vanuatu, and to the young law students of the University of the South Pacific, whose courage and vision made this moment possible.","start":5047.311,"end":5055.948,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5047.311,"end":5047.471},{"text":"pay","start":5047.535,"end":5047.775},{"text":"tribute","start":5047.775,"end":5048.208},{"text":"to","start":5048.208,"end":5048.32},{"text":"Vanuatu,","start":5048.352,"end":5048.913},{"text":"and","start":5049.154,"end":5049.218},{"text":"to","start":5049.298,"end":5049.41},{"text":"the","start":5049.41,"end":5049.554},{"text":"young","start":5049.554,"end":5049.763},{"text":"law","start":5050.019,"end":5050.067},{"text":"students","start":5050.131,"end":5050.692},{"text":"of","start":5050.692,"end":5050.772},{"text":"the","start":5050.82,"end":5050.9},{"text":"University","start":5050.9,"end":5051.413},{"text":"of","start":5051.413,"end":5051.477},{"text":"the","start":5051.477,"end":5051.557},{"text":"South","start":5051.557,"end":5051.846},{"text":"Pacific,","start":5051.862,"end":5052.359},{"text":"whose","start":5052.839,"end":5053.048},{"text":"courage","start":5053.08,"end":5053.544},{"text":"and","start":5053.544,"end":5053.705},{"text":"vision","start":5053.705,"end":5053.993},{"text":"made","start":5054.522,"end":5054.81},{"text":"this","start":5054.842,"end":5055.067},{"text":"moment","start":5055.067,"end":5055.564},{"text":"possible.","start":5055.564,"end":5055.948}]},{"text":"For the Pacific, the climate crisis is not a future scenario.","start":5057.23,"end":5061.092,"topics":[{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer most. This included repeated references to small island developing States, least developed countries, and frontline populations facing existential and unequal harms."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":5057.23,"end":5057.39},{"text":"the","start":5057.39,"end":5057.487},{"text":"Pacific,","start":5057.551,"end":5058.192},{"text":"the","start":5058.352,"end":5058.528},{"text":"climate","start":5058.528,"end":5058.897},{"text":"crisis","start":5058.929,"end":5059.378},{"text":"is","start":5059.49,"end":5059.618},{"text":"not","start":5059.714,"end":5060.051},{"text":"a","start":5060.131,"end":5060.147},{"text":"future","start":5060.211,"end":5060.547},{"text":"scenario.","start":5060.547,"end":5061.092}]},{"text":"It is saltwater in our wells.","start":5062.358,"end":5064.185,"topics":[{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer most. This included repeated references to small island developing States, least developed countries, and frontline populations facing existential and unequal harms."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5062.358,"end":5062.535},{"text":"is","start":5062.535,"end":5062.663},{"text":"saltwater","start":5062.695,"end":5063.416},{"text":"in","start":5063.56,"end":5063.608},{"text":"our","start":5063.72,"end":5063.833},{"text":"wells.","start":5063.881,"end":5064.185}]},{"text":"It is storm surges over our seawalls.","start":5064.618,"end":5066.829,"topics":[{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer most. This included repeated references to small island developing States, least developed countries, and frontline populations facing existential and unequal harms."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5064.618,"end":5064.778},{"text":"is","start":5064.778,"end":5064.858},{"text":"storm","start":5064.858,"end":5065.163},{"text":"surges","start":5065.259,"end":5065.788},{"text":"over","start":5065.884,"end":5066.108},{"text":"our","start":5066.124,"end":5066.3},{"text":"seawalls.","start":5066.3,"end":5066.829}]},{"text":"It is the grief of communities watching ancestral lands disappear beneath the tide.","start":5067.09,"end":5074.269,"topics":[{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer most. This included repeated references to small island developing States, least developed countries, and frontline populations facing existential and unequal harms."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5067.09,"end":5067.73},{"text":"is","start":5067.73,"end":5067.97},{"text":"the","start":5067.97,"end":5068.07},{"text":"grief","start":5068.07,"end":5068.37},{"text":"of","start":5068.37,"end":5068.61},{"text":"communities","start":5068.61,"end":5069.17},{"text":"watching","start":5069.17,"end":5069.63},{"text":"ancestral","start":5069.63,"end":5070.25},{"text":"lands","start":5070.25,"end":5070.61},{"text":"disappear","start":5070.61,"end":5071.429},{"text":"beneath","start":5071.429,"end":5072.149},{"text":"the","start":5072.149,"end":5072.469},{"text":"tide.","start":5072.469,"end":5074.269}]},{"text":"When we say \"existential threat,\" we speak not in metaphor.","start":5074.429,"end":5078.879,"topics":[{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer most. This included repeated references to small island developing States, least developed countries, and frontline populations facing existential and unequal harms."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":5074.429,"end":5074.55},{"text":"we","start":5074.55,"end":5074.849},{"text":"say","start":5074.849,"end":5075.27},{"text":"\"existential","start":5075.27,"end":5076.03},{"text":"threat,\"","start":5076.03,"end":5076.49},{"text":"we","start":5076.49,"end":5076.93},{"text":"speak","start":5076.93,"end":5077.31},{"text":"not","start":5077.31,"end":5077.59},{"text":"in","start":5077.59,"end":5077.83},{"text":"metaphor.","start":5077.83,"end":5078.879}]},{"text":"We speak from lived experience.","start":5079.23,"end":5081.16,"topics":[{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer most. This included repeated references to small island developing States, least developed countries, and frontline populations facing existential and unequal harms."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5079.23,"end":5079.31},{"text":"speak","start":5079.31,"end":5079.709},{"text":"from","start":5079.709,"end":5079.97},{"text":"lived","start":5079.97,"end":5080.31},{"text":"experience.","start":5080.31,"end":5081.16}]},{"text":"Madam President, it is for this reason that the ICJ's affirmation of the continuity of statehood carries such profound significance for the Pacific Small Island Developing States.","start":5082.81,"end":5092.79,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise, Maritime Zones, and Statehood","description":"A major topic was the legal protection of small island and low-lying coastal States facing sea-level rise. 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Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":5105.487,"end":5105.664},{"text":"loss","start":5105.664,"end":5105.985},{"text":"of","start":5105.985,"end":5106.114},{"text":"territory","start":5106.146,"end":5106.596},{"text":"does","start":5106.644,"end":5106.917},{"text":"not","start":5106.965,"end":5107.254},{"text":"automatically","start":5107.254,"end":5107.913},{"text":"strip","start":5107.913,"end":5108.379},{"text":"a","start":5108.459,"end":5108.491},{"text":"State","start":5108.491,"end":5109.038},{"text":"of","start":5109.359,"end":5109.455},{"text":"its","start":5109.52,"end":5109.664},{"text":"sovereign","start":5109.664,"end":5110.018},{"text":"status.","start":5110.018,"end":5110.451}]},{"text":"For Pacific peoples who trace their identity to islands thousands of years in the making, this is an affirmation of survival.","start":5111.672,"end":5119.785,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise, Maritime Zones, and Statehood","description":"A major topic was the legal protection of small island and low-lying coastal States facing sea-level rise. 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Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5143.31,"end":5144.05},{"text":"Court","start":5144.05,"end":5144.29},{"text":"further","start":5144.29,"end":5144.65},{"text":"affirmed","start":5144.65,"end":5145.07},{"text":"that","start":5145.07,"end":5145.31},{"text":"the","start":5145.31,"end":5145.45},{"text":"1.5°C","start":5145.45,"end":5146.69},{"text":"target","start":5146.69,"end":5147.15},{"text":"is","start":5147.15,"end":5147.41},{"text":"legally","start":5147.41,"end":5147.73},{"text":"binding.","start":5147.73,"end":5148.19}]},{"text":"That states must cut emissions in line with the best available science, and that those who have violated their obligations owe full reparation.","start":5148.54,"end":5158.139,"topics":[{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. 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While some welcomed this accountability dimension, others cautioned against implying automatic liability or legal consequences beyond what the Court explicitly stated."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":5148.54,"end":5149.34},{"text":"states","start":5149.34,"end":5149.78},{"text":"must","start":5149.78,"end":5150.3},{"text":"cut","start":5150.3,"end":5150.86},{"text":"emissions","start":5150.86,"end":5151.5},{"text":"in","start":5151.5,"end":5151.78},{"text":"line","start":5151.78,"end":5151.98},{"text":"with","start":5151.98,"end":5152.2},{"text":"the","start":5152.2,"end":5152.48},{"text":"best","start":5152.48,"end":5152.539},{"text":"available","start":5152.539,"end":5152.94},{"text":"science,","start":5152.94,"end":5153.64},{"text":"and","start":5154.22,"end":5154.4},{"text":"that","start":5154.4,"end":5154.56},{"text":"those","start":5154.56,"end":5154.86},{"text":"who","start":5154.86,"end":5155.039},{"text":"have","start":5155.039,"end":5155.199},{"text":"violated","start":5155.199,"end":5155.65},{"text":"their","start":5155.68,"end":5155.959},{"text":"obligations","start":5155.959,"end":5156.6},{"text":"owe","start":5156.6,"end":5156.96},{"text":"full","start":5156.96,"end":5157.24},{"text":"reparation.","start":5157.24,"end":5158.139}]},{"text":"This resolution operationalizes those findings.","start":5159.24,"end":5163.18,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5159.24,"end":5159.38},{"text":"resolution","start":5159.38,"end":5160.1},{"text":"operationalizes","start":5160.1,"end":5161.1},{"text":"those","start":5161.1,"end":5161.38},{"text":"findings.","start":5161.38,"end":5163.18}]},{"text":"PSEED will hold ourselves to these obligations.","start":5163.52,"end":5166.14,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"PSEED","start":5163.52,"end":5163.7},{"text":"will","start":5163.7,"end":5164.059},{"text":"hold","start":5164.059,"end":5164.38},{"text":"ourselves","start":5164.38,"end":5164.92},{"text":"to","start":5164.92,"end":5165.12},{"text":"these","start":5165.12,"end":5165.34},{"text":"obligations.","start":5165.34,"end":5166.14}]},{"text":"We call upon major emitting economies to do the same—not as a favor to small islands, but as a duty owed to humanity and to the precious planet we share.","start":5167.16,"end":5178.899,"topics":[{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer most. 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Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."},{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer most. 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left.","start":5212.949,"end":5218.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Just","start":5212.949,"end":5212.949},{"text":"as","start":5212.949,"end":5213.73},{"text":"a","start":5213.73,"end":5213.81},{"text":"reminder","start":5213.81,"end":5214.39},{"text":"and","start":5214.39,"end":5214.67},{"text":"maybe","start":5214.67,"end":5214.949},{"text":"in","start":5214.949,"end":5215.13},{"text":"the","start":5215.13,"end":5215.27},{"text":"spirit","start":5215.27,"end":5215.49},{"text":"of","start":5215.49,"end":5215.63},{"text":"solidarity,","start":5215.63,"end":5216.18},{"text":"we","start":5216.35,"end":5216.39},{"text":"have","start":5216.39,"end":5216.55},{"text":"1.5","start":5216.55,"end":5217.17},{"text":"hours","start":5217.17,"end":5217.65},{"text":"left.","start":5217.65,"end":5218.61}]},{"text":"We have a very long list of speakers, so if we want to hear all of you by today, please to be as sharp and short as 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the next speaker, I give the floor to the distinguished representative of Italy, followed by the 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co-sponsored and voted in favour of the resolution as submitted by Vanuatu and the core group.","start":5247.58,"end":5251.2,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5247.58,"end":5247.7},{"text":"co-sponsored","start":5247.7,"end":5248.08},{"text":"and","start":5248.08,"end":5248.2},{"text":"voted","start":5248.2,"end":5248.38},{"text":"in","start":5248.38,"end":5248.58},{"text":"favour","start":5248.58,"end":5248.72},{"text":"of","start":5248.72,"end":5248.82},{"text":"the","start":5248.82,"end":5248.94},{"text":"resolution","start":5248.94,"end":5249.29},{"text":"as","start":5249.42,"end":5249.76},{"text":"submitted","start":5249.76,"end":5250.08},{"text":"by","start":5250.08,"end":5250.3},{"text":"Vanuatu","start":5250.3,"end":5250.7},{"text":"and","start":5250.7,"end":5250.92},{"text":"the","start":5250.92,"end":5251.02},{"text":"core","start":5251.02,"end":5251.14},{"text":"group.","start":5251.14,"end":5251.2}]},{"text":"Group, and so allow me to thank Vanuatu for its 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Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."},{"key":"human-rights","label":"Human Rights and Climate Impacts","description":"Several statements linked climate change to human rights obligations, including protection of life, livelihoods, and vulnerable persons. Some delegations supported this broader rights-based framing, while others questioned references to non-refoulement, group rights, or the legal scope of human rights law in climate matters."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":5301.8,"end":5302.42},{"text":"Expansive","start":5303.23,"end":5303.88},{"text":"interpretation","start":5303.88,"end":5304.42},{"text":"of","start":5304.42,"end":5304.64},{"text":"the","start":5304.64,"end":5304.8},{"text":"Court's","start":5304.8,"end":5305.06},{"text":"opinion","start":5305.06,"end":5305.32},{"text":"should","start":5305.32,"end":5305.62},{"text":"be","start":5305.62,"end":5305.74},{"text":"avoided","start":5305.74,"end":5306.08},{"text":"in","start":5306.08,"end":5306.359},{"text":"general,","start":5306.359,"end":5307.11},{"text":"and","start":5307.14,"end":5307.159},{"text":"in","start":5307.159,"end":5307.36},{"text":"particular","start":5307.36,"end":5307.8},{"text":"in","start":5307.8,"end":5308.18},{"text":"the","start":5308.18,"end":5308.279},{"text":"implementation","start":5308.279,"end":5308.779},{"text":"of","start":5308.779,"end":5309.079},{"text":"OP","start":5309.079,"end":5309.38},{"text":"10,","start":5309.38,"end":5309.779},{"text":"including","start":5309.779,"end":5310.159},{"text":"with","start":5310.159,"end":5310.34},{"text":"regard","start":5310.34,"end":5310.66},{"text":"to","start":5310.66,"end":5310.82},{"text":"the","start":5310.82,"end":5310.9},{"text":"application","start":5310.9,"end":5311.24},{"text":"of","start":5311.24,"end":5311.52},{"text":"the","start":5311.52,"end":5311.52},{"text":"principle","start":5311.52,"end":5311.82},{"text":"of","start":5311.82,"end":5312},{"text":"non-refoulement","start":5312,"end":5312.6},{"text":"in","start":5312.6,"end":5312.979},{"text":"the","start":5312.979,"end":5313.1},{"text":"context","start":5313.1,"end":5313.52},{"text":"of","start":5313.52,"end":5313.719},{"text":"climate","start":5313.719,"end":5313.92},{"text":"change.","start":5313.92,"end":5314.78}]},{"text":"Third and lastly, we underline that dialogue and climate diplomacy, in particular through the normative and institutional instruments available under UNFCCC, remain the best avenues for engaging with these complex issues.","start":5314.78,"end":5327.08,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"Third","start":5314.78,"end":5314.9},{"text":"and","start":5314.9,"end":5315.02},{"text":"lastly,","start":5315.02,"end":5315.32},{"text":"we","start":5315.52,"end":5315.52},{"text":"underline","start":5315.52,"end":5315.92},{"text":"that","start":5315.92,"end":5316.26},{"text":"dialogue","start":5316.26,"end":5316.68},{"text":"and","start":5316.68,"end":5317},{"text":"climate","start":5317,"end":5317.299},{"text":"diplomacy,","start":5317.299,"end":5318.15},{"text":"in","start":5318.16,"end":5318.2},{"text":"particular","start":5318.2,"end":5318.58},{"text":"through","start":5318.58,"end":5318.84},{"text":"the","start":5318.84,"end":5318.92},{"text":"normative","start":5318.92,"end":5319.4},{"text":"and","start":5319.4,"end":5319.5},{"text":"institutional","start":5319.5,"end":5319.94},{"text":"instruments","start":5319.94,"end":5320.38},{"text":"available","start":5320.38,"end":5320.88},{"text":"under","start":5320.88,"end":5321.46},{"text":"UNFCCC,","start":5321.46,"end":5322.71},{"text":"remain","start":5323.46,"end":5323.98},{"text":"the","start":5323.98,"end":5324.34},{"text":"best","start":5324.34,"end":5324.6},{"text":"avenues","start":5324.6,"end":5325.06},{"text":"for","start":5325.06,"end":5325.36},{"text":"engaging","start":5325.36,"end":5325.72},{"text":"with","start":5325.72,"end":5325.96},{"text":"these","start":5325.96,"end":5326.16},{"text":"complex","start":5326.16,"end":5326.52},{"text":"issues.","start":5326.52,"end":5327.08}]},{"text":"In this spirit, Italy will continue to work together with the rest of the international community in all relevant forums.","start":5327.08,"end":5331.526,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5327.08,"end":5327.14},{"text":"this","start":5327.14,"end":5327.36},{"text":"spirit,","start":5327.36,"end":5327.76},{"text":"Italy","start":5327.76,"end":5327.86},{"text":"will","start":5327.86,"end":5328.04},{"text":"continue","start":5328.04,"end":5328.24},{"text":"to","start":5328.24,"end":5328.46},{"text":"work","start":5328.46,"end":5328.56},{"text":"together","start":5328.56,"end":5328.864},{"text":"with","start":5328.976,"end":5329.057},{"text":"the","start":5329.057,"end":5329.153},{"text":"rest","start":5329.153,"end":5329.281},{"text":"of","start":5329.281,"end":5329.313},{"text":"the","start":5329.313,"end":5329.393},{"text":"international","start":5329.393,"end":5329.794},{"text":"community","start":5329.794,"end":5330.243},{"text":"in","start":5330.355,"end":5330.42},{"text":"all","start":5330.516,"end":5330.724},{"text":"relevant","start":5330.917,"end":5331.318},{"text":"forums.","start":5331.318,"end":5331.526}]},{"text":"Thank you, Madam President.","start":5331.863,"end":5332.52,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5331.863,"end":5332.039},{"text":"you,","start":5332.039,"end":5332.071},{"text":"Madam","start":5332.103,"end":5332.28},{"text":"President.","start":5332.28,"end":5332.52}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"ITA","affiliation_full":"Italy","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":71,"start":5333.402,"pageUrl":"/ru/ga/80/83?lang=en&t=5334","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Italy.","start":5333.402,"end":5335.535,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5333.402,"end":5333.434},{"text":"thank","start":5333.482,"end":5333.739},{"text":"the","start":5333.803,"end":5333.899},{"text":"distinguished","start":5333.899,"end":5334.268},{"text":"representative","start":5334.268,"end":5334.99},{"text":"of","start":5334.99,"end":5335.134},{"text":"Italy.","start":5335.182,"end":5335.535}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Philippines.","start":5335.792,"end":5338.903,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5335.792,"end":5335.888},{"text":"now","start":5335.888,"end":5336.144},{"text":"give","start":5336.209,"end":5336.369},{"text":"the","start":5336.369,"end":5336.449},{"text":"floor","start":5336.513,"end":5336.77},{"text":"to","start":5336.77,"end":5336.898},{"text":"the","start":5336.914,"end":5336.994},{"text":"distinguished","start":5336.994,"end":5337.395},{"text":"representative","start":5337.395,"end":5338.133},{"text":"of","start":5338.133,"end":5338.261},{"text":"the","start":5338.293,"end":5338.438},{"text":"Philippines.","start":5338.438,"end":5338.903}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"GA","affiliation_full":"GA","group":null,"function":"President"}},{"statement_number":72,"start":5343.008,"pageUrl":"/ru/ga/80/83?lang=en&t=5344","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Madam President. The Philippines is honored to be part of the core group led by Vanuatu.","start":5343.008,"end":5348.412,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5343.008,"end":5343.28},{"text":"you,","start":5343.328,"end":5343.377},{"text":"Madam","start":5343.393,"end":5343.681},{"text":"President.","start":5343.729,"end":5344.291},{"text":"The","start":5344.371,"end":5344.435},{"text":"Philippines","start":5344.451,"end":5344.996},{"text":"is","start":5345.028,"end":5345.076},{"text":"honored","start":5345.253,"end":5345.509},{"text":"to","start":5345.509,"end":5345.589},{"text":"be","start":5345.589,"end":5345.734},{"text":"part","start":5345.75,"end":5345.99},{"text":"of","start":5345.99,"end":5346.087},{"text":"the","start":5346.087,"end":5346.231},{"text":"core","start":5346.231,"end":5346.423},{"text":"group","start":5346.536,"end":5346.969},{"text":"led","start":5347.177,"end":5347.321},{"text":"by","start":5347.434,"end":5347.626},{"text":"Vanuatu.","start":5347.979,"end":5348.412}]},{"text":"We welcome the adoption of the draft resolution on the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the obligation of States in respect of climate change.","start":5349.181,"end":5358.09,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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Some delegations supported this broader rights-based framing, while others questioned references to non-refoulement, group rights, or the legal scope of human rights law in climate matters."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5477.58,"end":5477.679},{"text":"also","start":5477.679,"end":5478.06},{"text":"underscored","start":5478.06,"end":5478.74},{"text":"that","start":5478.74,"end":5479},{"text":"climate","start":5479,"end":5479.3},{"text":"change","start":5479.3,"end":5479.58},{"text":"is","start":5479.58,"end":5479.8},{"text":"a","start":5479.8,"end":5479.88},{"text":"human","start":5479.88,"end":5480.22},{"text":"rights","start":5480.22,"end":5480.68},{"text":"crisis.","start":5480.68,"end":5481.43}]},{"text":"This is why the Philippines supported L.65 as stable.","start":5482.86,"end":5486.4,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5482.86,"end":5482.94},{"text":"is","start":5482.94,"end":5483.2},{"text":"why","start":5483.2,"end":5483.6},{"text":"the","start":5483.6,"end":5483.78},{"text":"Philippines","start":5483.78,"end":5484.28},{"text":"supported","start":5484.28,"end":5484.82},{"text":"L.65","start":5484.82,"end":5485.58},{"text":"as","start":5485.58,"end":5485.86},{"text":"stable.","start":5485.86,"end":5486.4}]},{"text":"The resolution is measured and balanced.","start":5486.4,"end":5488.8,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. 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Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Today","start":5500.21,"end":5500.53},{"text":"is","start":5500.53,"end":5500.77},{"text":"a","start":5500.77,"end":5500.87},{"text":"test","start":5500.87,"end":5501.27},{"text":"of","start":5501.27,"end":5501.51},{"text":"whether","start":5501.51,"end":5501.85},{"text":"we","start":5501.85,"end":5502.329},{"text":"are","start":5502.329,"end":5502.47},{"text":"able","start":5502.47,"end":5502.77},{"text":"to","start":5502.77,"end":5502.93},{"text":"respond","start":5502.93,"end":5503.43},{"text":"to","start":5503.43,"end":5503.71},{"text":"the","start":5503.71,"end":5503.749},{"text":"legal","start":5503.749,"end":5504.09},{"text":"clarity","start":5504.09,"end":5504.77},{"text":"provided","start":5504.77,"end":5505.19},{"text":"by","start":5505.19,"end":5505.47},{"text":"the","start":5505.47,"end":5505.669},{"text":"Court.","start":5505.669,"end":5506.52}]},{"text":"The Philippines welcomes the adoption of L65 and stands ready to work with all member states to give life to the advisory opinion faithfully, effectively, and with urgency.","start":5506.85,"end":5516,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5506.85,"end":5506.95},{"text":"Philippines","start":5506.95,"end":5507.47},{"text":"welcomes","start":5507.47,"end":5508.05},{"text":"the","start":5508.05,"end":5508.23},{"text":"adoption","start":5508.23,"end":5508.69},{"text":"of","start":5508.69,"end":5508.87},{"text":"L65","start":5508.87,"end":5509.51},{"text":"and","start":5509.51,"end":5509.85},{"text":"stands","start":5509.85,"end":5510.11},{"text":"ready","start":5510.11,"end":5510.37},{"text":"to","start":5510.37,"end":5510.53},{"text":"work","start":5510.53,"end":5510.67},{"text":"with","start":5510.67,"end":5510.87},{"text":"all","start":5510.87,"end":5511.05},{"text":"member","start":5511.05,"end":5511.29},{"text":"states","start":5511.29,"end":5511.65},{"text":"to","start":5511.65,"end":5512.07},{"text":"give","start":5512.07,"end":5512.21},{"text":"life","start":5512.21,"end":5512.55},{"text":"to","start":5512.55,"end":5512.65},{"text":"the","start":5512.65,"end":5512.89},{"text":"advisory","start":5512.89,"end":5513.15},{"text":"opinion","start":5513.15,"end":5513.87},{"text":"faithfully,","start":5513.87,"end":5514.52},{"text":"effectively,","start":5514.63,"end":5515.57},{"text":"and","start":5515.57,"end":5515.65},{"text":"with","start":5515.65,"end":5515.75},{"text":"urgency.","start":5515.75,"end":5516}]},{"text":"Thank you, Madam President.","start":5516.473,"end":5517.532,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5516.473,"end":5516.649},{"text":"you,","start":5516.698,"end":5516.746},{"text":"Madam","start":5516.762,"end":5517.019},{"text":"President.","start":5517.019,"end":5517.532}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"PHL","affiliation_full":"Philippines","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":73,"start":5519.026,"pageUrl":"/ru/ga/80/83?lang=en&t=5520","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of the Philippines, and I now give the floor to the representative of France.","start":5519.026,"end":5524.646,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5519.026,"end":5519.074},{"text":"thank","start":5519.186,"end":5519.443},{"text":"the","start":5519.443,"end":5519.54},{"text":"representative","start":5519.54,"end":5520.375},{"text":"of","start":5520.423,"end":5520.487},{"text":"the","start":5520.487,"end":5520.647},{"text":"Philippines,","start":5520.647,"end":5521.338},{"text":"and","start":5521.515,"end":5521.739},{"text":"I","start":5521.836,"end":5521.868},{"text":"now","start":5521.868,"end":5522.125},{"text":"give","start":5522.333,"end":5522.494},{"text":"the","start":5522.494,"end":5522.558},{"text":"floor","start":5522.558,"end":5522.911},{"text":"to","start":5523.056,"end":5523.184},{"text":"the","start":5523.2,"end":5523.233},{"text":"representative","start":5523.233,"end":5523.907},{"text":"of","start":5524.035,"end":5524.164},{"text":"France.","start":5524.164,"end":5524.646}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"GA","affiliation_full":"GA","group":null,"function":"President"}},{"statement_number":74,"start":5527.07,"pageUrl":"/ru/ga/80/83?lang=en&t=5528","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Merci, Madame la Présidente.","start":5527.07,"end":5528.355,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Merci,","start":5527.07,"end":5527.536},{"text":"Madame","start":5527.712,"end":5527.921},{"text":"la","start":5528.017,"end":5528.066},{"text":"Présidente.","start":5528.114,"end":5528.355}]},{"text":"Thank you, Madam President.","start":5528.933,"end":5530.217,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5528.933,"end":5529.302},{"text":"you,","start":5529.302,"end":5529.398},{"text":"Madam","start":5529.463,"end":5529.719},{"text":"President.","start":5529.719,"end":5530.217}]},{"text":"Today, with the adoption of the resolution brought forward by Vanuatu, we are here grateful for having brought this decision before the Assembly.","start":5531.325,"end":5545.24,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Today,","start":5531.325,"end":5531.678},{"text":"with","start":5532.834,"end":5533.172},{"text":"the","start":5533.172,"end":5533.332},{"text":"adoption","start":5533.332,"end":5533.846},{"text":"of","start":5534.199,"end":5534.424},{"text":"the","start":5534.456,"end":5534.697},{"text":"resolution","start":5534.761,"end":5535.452},{"text":"brought","start":5536.624,"end":5536.784},{"text":"forward","start":5536.784,"end":5537.105},{"text":"by","start":5537.17,"end":5537.346},{"text":"Vanuatu,","start":5537.346,"end":5538.085},{"text":"we","start":5539.273,"end":5539.418},{"text":"are","start":5539.418,"end":5539.658},{"text":"here","start":5539.658,"end":5539.931},{"text":"grateful","start":5540.638,"end":5541.104},{"text":"for","start":5541.75,"end":5542.31},{"text":"having","start":5542.31,"end":5542.59},{"text":"brought","start":5542.59,"end":5542.79},{"text":"this","start":5542.79,"end":5542.91},{"text":"decision","start":5542.91,"end":5543.69},{"text":"before","start":5543.69,"end":5544.07},{"text":"the","start":5544.07,"end":5544.29},{"text":"Assembly.","start":5544.29,"end":5545.24}]},{"text":"The international community has made an important step forward.","start":5546.269,"end":5551.59,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5546.269,"end":5546.389},{"text":"international","start":5546.389,"end":5546.809},{"text":"community","start":5546.809,"end":5547.75},{"text":"has","start":5547.75,"end":5548.65},{"text":"made","start":5548.65,"end":5549.129},{"text":"an","start":5549.129,"end":5549.389},{"text":"important","start":5549.389,"end":5549.869},{"text":"step","start":5549.869,"end":5550.39},{"text":"forward.","start":5550.39,"end":5551.59}]},{"text":"The negotiations were an opportunity to engage in in-depth discussions, and while the text may not respond to all of the expectations of delegations, it is based on a solid balance in an international context marked by significant divisions.","start":5552.83,"end":5568.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5552.83,"end":5552.93},{"text":"negotiations","start":5552.93,"end":5553.609},{"text":"were","start":5553.609,"end":5554.05},{"text":"an","start":5554.05,"end":5554.21},{"text":"opportunity","start":5554.21,"end":5554.81},{"text":"to","start":5554.81,"end":5555.57},{"text":"engage","start":5555.57,"end":5556.029},{"text":"in","start":5556.029,"end":5556.369},{"text":"in-depth","start":5556.369,"end":5556.85},{"text":"discussions,","start":5556.85,"end":5558.05},{"text":"and","start":5558.19,"end":5558.65},{"text":"while","start":5558.65,"end":5558.95},{"text":"the","start":5558.95,"end":5559.19},{"text":"text","start":5559.19,"end":5559.33},{"text":"may","start":5559.33,"end":5559.61},{"text":"not","start":5559.61,"end":5560.09},{"text":"respond","start":5560.09,"end":5560.49},{"text":"to","start":5560.49,"end":5560.73},{"text":"all","start":5560.73,"end":5560.85},{"text":"of","start":5560.85,"end":5560.99},{"text":"the","start":5560.99,"end":5560.99},{"text":"expectations","start":5560.99,"end":5561.59},{"text":"of","start":5561.59,"end":5561.79},{"text":"delegations,","start":5561.79,"end":5562.29},{"text":"it","start":5562.35,"end":5562.43},{"text":"is","start":5562.43,"end":5562.61},{"text":"based","start":5562.61,"end":5562.83},{"text":"on","start":5562.83,"end":5563.07},{"text":"a","start":5563.07,"end":5563.21},{"text":"solid","start":5563.21,"end":5563.51},{"text":"balance","start":5563.51,"end":5564.07},{"text":"in","start":5564.07,"end":5564.33},{"text":"an","start":5564.33,"end":5564.65},{"text":"international","start":5564.65,"end":5564.95},{"text":"context","start":5564.95,"end":5565.49},{"text":"marked","start":5565.49,"end":5566.03},{"text":"by","start":5566.03,"end":5566.91},{"text":"significant","start":5566.91,"end":5567.51},{"text":"divisions.","start":5567.51,"end":5568.31}]},{"text":"First of all, the resolution reaffirms the need to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels.","start":5568.486,"end":5573.448,"topics":[{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."}],"words":[{"text":"First","start":5568.486,"end":5568.695},{"text":"of","start":5568.743,"end":5568.824},{"text":"all,","start":5568.824,"end":5568.952},{"text":"the","start":5568.984,"end":5569.129},{"text":"resolution","start":5569.129,"end":5569.61},{"text":"reaffirms","start":5569.61,"end":5570.237},{"text":"the","start":5570.654,"end":5570.75},{"text":"need","start":5570.75,"end":5570.991},{"text":"to","start":5570.991,"end":5571.136},{"text":"reduce","start":5571.216,"end":5571.666},{"text":"our","start":5571.778,"end":5572.099},{"text":"dependence","start":5572.099,"end":5572.677},{"text":"on","start":5572.677,"end":5572.757},{"text":"fossil","start":5572.757,"end":5573.095},{"text":"fuels.","start":5573.143,"end":5573.448}]},{"text":"Science clearly establishes their role in climate change, and this is taking place at a key point in the— when we look towards the next international climate events.","start":5573.978,"end":5587.337,"topics":[{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."}],"words":[{"text":"Science","start":5573.978,"end":5574.427},{"text":"clearly","start":5574.427,"end":5574.684},{"text":"establishes","start":5574.684,"end":5575.294},{"text":"their","start":5575.407,"end":5575.632},{"text":"role","start":5575.632,"end":5575.76},{"text":"in","start":5576.049,"end":5576.178},{"text":"climate","start":5576.21,"end":5576.611},{"text":"change,","start":5576.611,"end":5577.077},{"text":"and","start":5577.799,"end":5578.056},{"text":"this","start":5578.201,"end":5578.345},{"text":"is","start":5578.538,"end":5578.634},{"text":"taking","start":5578.634,"end":5578.907},{"text":"place","start":5578.923,"end":5579.052},{"text":"at","start":5579.116,"end":5579.26},{"text":"a","start":5579.26,"end":5579.276},{"text":"key","start":5579.421,"end":5579.758},{"text":"point","start":5579.903,"end":5580.384},{"text":"in","start":5580.384,"end":5580.497},{"text":"the—","start":5581.251,"end":5581.46},{"text":"when","start":5583.258,"end":5583.371},{"text":"we","start":5583.435,"end":5583.692},{"text":"look","start":5584.222,"end":5584.463},{"text":"towards","start":5584.463,"end":5584.848},{"text":"the","start":5584.88,"end":5585.137},{"text":"next","start":5585.266,"end":5585.731},{"text":"international","start":5586.165,"end":5586.582},{"text":"climate","start":5586.582,"end":5586.984},{"text":"events.","start":5586.984,"end":5587.337}]},{"text":"The increase in energy costs also underscore the vulnerability caused by this dependence and underscore the needs to transition towards clean energy.","start":5588.557,"end":5598.739,"topics":[{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. 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Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":5715.227,"end":5715.789},{"text":"the","start":5716.511,"end":5716.655},{"text":"ICJ","start":5716.655,"end":5717.04},{"text":"advisory","start":5717.137,"end":5717.843},{"text":"opinion","start":5717.875,"end":5718.34},{"text":"on","start":5718.34,"end":5718.501},{"text":"the","start":5718.501,"end":5718.581},{"text":"obligations","start":5718.661,"end":5719.479},{"text":"of","start":5719.479,"end":5719.56},{"text":"states","start":5719.56,"end":5720.233},{"text":"in","start":5720.362,"end":5720.41},{"text":"respect","start":5720.522,"end":5721.004},{"text":"of","start":5721.004,"end":5721.132},{"text":"climate","start":5721.164,"end":5721.565},{"text":"change","start":5721.565,"end":5722.143},{"text":"is","start":5722.672,"end":5722.721},{"text":"an","start":5722.833,"end":5722.913},{"text":"historic","start":5722.913,"end":5723.732},{"text":"turning","start":5723.892,"end":5724.181},{"text":"point.","start":5724.213,"end":5724.55}]},{"text":"It provides an authoritative account of the primary rules of customary and conventional international law applicable to the protection of the climate system and the environment from anthropogenic greenhouse gases.","start":5725.577,"end":5740.396,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5725.577,"end":5725.673},{"text":"provides","start":5725.737,"end":5726.379},{"text":"an","start":5726.379,"end":5726.459},{"text":"authoritative","start":5726.459,"end":5727.358},{"text":"account","start":5727.358,"end":5727.92},{"text":"of","start":5727.984,"end":5728.112},{"text":"the","start":5728.128,"end":5728.208},{"text":"primary","start":5728.305,"end":5728.914},{"text":"rules","start":5729.011,"end":5729.316},{"text":"of","start":5729.572,"end":5729.637},{"text":"customary","start":5729.749,"end":5730.519},{"text":"and","start":5730.776,"end":5730.969},{"text":"conventional","start":5731.017,"end":5731.739},{"text":"international","start":5731.756,"end":5732.398},{"text":"law","start":5732.398,"end":5732.51},{"text":"applicable","start":5733.345,"end":5733.924},{"text":"to","start":5733.924,"end":5734.052},{"text":"the","start":5734.068,"end":5734.229},{"text":"protection","start":5734.229,"end":5734.775},{"text":"of","start":5734.791,"end":5734.855},{"text":"the","start":5734.887,"end":5734.967},{"text":"climate","start":5735.032,"end":5735.449},{"text":"system","start":5735.449,"end":5735.979},{"text":"and","start":5736.397,"end":5736.59},{"text":"the","start":5736.638,"end":5736.734},{"text":"environment","start":5736.734,"end":5737.409},{"text":"from","start":5737.939,"end":5738.131},{"text":"anthropogenic","start":5738.324,"end":5739.079},{"text":"greenhouse","start":5739.288,"end":5739.785},{"text":"gases.","start":5739.785,"end":5740.396}]},{"text":"This advisory opinion confirms that the obstacle facing efforts to address the climate crisis and achieve climate justice is the lack of political will and not the inadequacy of the legal and normative architecture on environmental protection.","start":5741.472,"end":5760.24,"topics":[{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer most. This included repeated references to small island developing States, least developed countries, and frontline populations facing existential and unequal harms."},{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5741.472,"end":5741.648},{"text":"advisory","start":5741.648,"end":5742.162},{"text":"opinion","start":5742.21,"end":5742.724},{"text":"confirms","start":5742.901,"end":5743.688},{"text":"that","start":5743.945,"end":5744.09},{"text":"the","start":5744.122,"end":5744.266},{"text":"obstacle","start":5744.427,"end":5744.909},{"text":"facing","start":5744.909,"end":5745.294},{"text":"efforts","start":5745.487,"end":5745.969},{"text":"to","start":5745.969,"end":5746.129},{"text":"address","start":5746.129,"end":5746.482},{"text":"the","start":5746.611,"end":5746.771},{"text":"climate","start":5746.771,"end":5747.141},{"text":"crisis","start":5747.237,"end":5747.703},{"text":"and","start":5748.442,"end":5748.586},{"text":"achieve","start":5748.634,"end":5749.116},{"text":"climate","start":5749.18,"end":5749.71},{"text":"justice","start":5749.743,"end":5750.353},{"text":"is","start":5751.011,"end":5751.076},{"text":"the","start":5751.172,"end":5751.333},{"text":"lack","start":5751.333,"end":5751.589},{"text":"of","start":5751.75,"end":5751.846},{"text":"political","start":5751.911,"end":5752.537},{"text":"will","start":5752.617,"end":5752.762},{"text":"and","start":5753.661,"end":5753.806},{"text":"not","start":5753.838,"end":5754.336},{"text":"the","start":5754.544,"end":5754.625},{"text":"inadequacy","start":5754.705,"end":5755.412},{"text":"of","start":5755.524,"end":5755.653},{"text":"the","start":5755.669,"end":5755.829},{"text":"legal","start":5755.829,"end":5756.134},{"text":"and","start":5756.247,"end":5756.311},{"text":"normative","start":5756.407,"end":5756.937},{"text":"architecture","start":5756.97,"end":5757.5},{"text":"on","start":5757.6,"end":5758.14},{"text":"environmental","start":5758.14,"end":5758.74},{"text":"protection.","start":5758.74,"end":5760.24}]},{"text":"We hope that this advisory opinion will contribute to mobilizing political support for taking effective action to address what the court itself described as an existential problem of planetary proportions that imperils all forms of life and the very health of our planet.","start":5760.44,"end":5781.2,"topics":[{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer most. This included repeated references to small island developing States, least developed countries, and frontline populations facing existential and unequal harms."},{"key":"human-rights","label":"Human Rights and Climate Impacts","description":"Several statements linked climate change to human rights obligations, including protection of life, livelihoods, and vulnerable persons. Some delegations supported this broader rights-based framing, while others questioned references to non-refoulement, group rights, or the legal scope of human rights law in climate matters."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5760.44,"end":5760.48},{"text":"hope","start":5760.48,"end":5760.96},{"text":"that","start":5760.96,"end":5761.28},{"text":"this","start":5761.28,"end":5761.5},{"text":"advisory","start":5761.5,"end":5762.08},{"text":"opinion","start":5762.08,"end":5762.58},{"text":"will","start":5762.58,"end":5763.14},{"text":"contribute","start":5763.14,"end":5763.779},{"text":"to","start":5763.779,"end":5764.08},{"text":"mobilizing","start":5764.08,"end":5764.76},{"text":"political","start":5764.76,"end":5765.199},{"text":"support","start":5765.199,"end":5765.92},{"text":"for","start":5765.92,"end":5766.379},{"text":"taking","start":5766.379,"end":5766.78},{"text":"effective","start":5766.78,"end":5767.52},{"text":"action","start":5767.52,"end":5768.2},{"text":"to","start":5768.2,"end":5768.62},{"text":"address","start":5768.62,"end":5769.16},{"text":"what","start":5769.16,"end":5769.459},{"text":"the","start":5769.459,"end":5769.76},{"text":"court","start":5769.76,"end":5770.04},{"text":"itself","start":5770.04,"end":5770.56},{"text":"described","start":5770.56,"end":5771.219},{"text":"as","start":5771.219,"end":5771.92},{"text":"an","start":5771.92,"end":5772.28},{"text":"existential","start":5772.28,"end":5772.959},{"text":"problem","start":5772.959,"end":5773.82},{"text":"of","start":5773.82,"end":5774.42},{"text":"planetary","start":5774.42,"end":5774.98},{"text":"proportions","start":5774.98,"end":5775.76},{"text":"that","start":5775.76,"end":5776.3},{"text":"imperils","start":5776.3,"end":5776.9},{"text":"all","start":5776.9,"end":5777.32},{"text":"forms","start":5777.32,"end":5777.72},{"text":"of","start":5777.72,"end":5778},{"text":"life","start":5778,"end":5778.4},{"text":"and","start":5778.4,"end":5779},{"text":"the","start":5779,"end":5779.18},{"text":"very","start":5779.18,"end":5779.42},{"text":"health","start":5779.42,"end":5779.84},{"text":"of","start":5779.84,"end":5780.02},{"text":"our","start":5780.02,"end":5780.2},{"text":"planet.","start":5780.2,"end":5781.2}]},{"text":"Second, Egypt welcomes the court's authoritative determinations on the scope and content of rules of customary international law applicable to protecting the climate system, other parts of the environment, and transboundary resources.","start":5782.06,"end":5797.666,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":5782.06,"end":5782.74},{"text":"Egypt","start":5782.74,"end":5783.06},{"text":"welcomes","start":5783.06,"end":5783.68},{"text":"the","start":5783.68,"end":5783.88},{"text":"court's","start":5783.88,"end":5784.34},{"text":"authoritative","start":5784.292,"end":5785.143},{"text":"determinations","start":5785.191,"end":5786.106},{"text":"on","start":5786.218,"end":5786.379},{"text":"the","start":5786.379,"end":5786.459},{"text":"scope","start":5786.459,"end":5786.957},{"text":"and","start":5787.021,"end":5787.085},{"text":"content","start":5787.182,"end":5787.92},{"text":"of","start":5787.92,"end":5788.113},{"text":"rules","start":5788.129,"end":5788.402},{"text":"of","start":5788.402,"end":5788.514},{"text":"customary","start":5788.611,"end":5789.237},{"text":"international","start":5789.253,"end":5789.911},{"text":"law","start":5789.911,"end":5790.008},{"text":"applicable","start":5790.778,"end":5791.324},{"text":"to","start":5791.356,"end":5791.485},{"text":"protecting","start":5791.517,"end":5792.127},{"text":"the","start":5792.223,"end":5792.384},{"text":"climate","start":5792.384,"end":5792.785},{"text":"system,","start":5792.785,"end":5793.379},{"text":"other","start":5793.749,"end":5794.006},{"text":"parts","start":5794.006,"end":5794.471},{"text":"of","start":5794.471,"end":5794.519},{"text":"the","start":5794.568,"end":5794.728},{"text":"environment,","start":5794.728,"end":5795.37},{"text":"and","start":5795.836,"end":5796.061},{"text":"transboundary","start":5796.173,"end":5796.944},{"text":"resources.","start":5796.976,"end":5797.666}]},{"text":"These include the obligation not to cause significant harm, which requires acting with due diligence and ensuring that projects or activities that have the that have the potential to adversely affect the environment are undertaken after conducting environmental impact assessments and with prior notification and consultation with potentially affected States.","start":5798.501,"end":5823.93,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility","label":"State Responsibility and Reparation","description":"Delegations discussed whether breaches of climate-related obligations can amount to internationally wrongful acts and trigger responsibility, remedies, or reparation. While some welcomed this accountability dimension, others cautioned against implying automatic liability or legal consequences beyond what the Court explicitly stated."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":5798.501,"end":5798.71},{"text":"include","start":5798.887,"end":5799.513},{"text":"the","start":5799.609,"end":5799.689},{"text":"obligation","start":5799.85,"end":5800.492},{"text":"not","start":5800.813,"end":5801.022},{"text":"to","start":5801.231,"end":5801.359},{"text":"cause","start":5801.375,"end":5801.648},{"text":"significant","start":5801.648,"end":5802.355},{"text":"harm,","start":5802.355,"end":5802.804},{"text":"which","start":5803.222,"end":5803.286},{"text":"requires","start":5803.382,"end":5804.008},{"text":"acting","start":5804.265,"end":5804.57},{"text":"with","start":5804.683,"end":5804.859},{"text":"due","start":5804.924,"end":5805.036},{"text":"diligence","start":5805.165,"end":5805.839},{"text":"and","start":5806.353,"end":5806.497},{"text":"ensuring","start":5806.529,"end":5807.059},{"text":"that","start":5807.155,"end":5807.268},{"text":"projects","start":5807.332,"end":5808.071},{"text":"or","start":5808.199,"end":5808.247},{"text":"activities","start":5808.279,"end":5808.986},{"text":"that","start":5809.339,"end":5809.468},{"text":"have","start":5809.5,"end":5809.708},{"text":"the","start":5809.724,"end":5809.885},{"text":"that","start":5810.13,"end":5810.13},{"text":"have","start":5810.13,"end":5810.13},{"text":"the","start":5810.13,"end":5810.13},{"text":"potential","start":5810.13,"end":5810.55},{"text":"to","start":5810.55,"end":5811.17},{"text":"adversely","start":5811.17,"end":5811.97},{"text":"affect","start":5811.97,"end":5812.31},{"text":"the","start":5812.31,"end":5812.49},{"text":"environment","start":5812.49,"end":5813.03},{"text":"are","start":5813.03,"end":5813.31},{"text":"undertaken","start":5813.31,"end":5814.03},{"text":"after","start":5814.03,"end":5814.849},{"text":"conducting","start":5814.849,"end":5815.55},{"text":"environmental","start":5815.55,"end":5816.33},{"text":"impact","start":5816.33,"end":5816.79},{"text":"assessments","start":5816.79,"end":5817.469},{"text":"and","start":5817.469,"end":5818.169},{"text":"with","start":5818.169,"end":5818.37},{"text":"prior","start":5818.37,"end":5818.79},{"text":"notification","start":5818.79,"end":5819.57},{"text":"and","start":5819.57,"end":5820.09},{"text":"consultation","start":5820.09,"end":5820.829},{"text":"with","start":5820.829,"end":5821.19},{"text":"potentially","start":5821.19,"end":5821.829},{"text":"affected","start":5821.829,"end":5822.39},{"text":"States.","start":5822.39,"end":5823.93}]},{"text":"In this regard, Egypt recalls and emphasizes the Court's— —obligation to prevent significant transboundary harm under customary international law is an obligation erga omnes.","start":5823.93,"end":5842.48,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility","label":"State Responsibility and Reparation","description":"Delegations discussed whether breaches of climate-related obligations can amount to internationally wrongful acts and trigger responsibility, remedies, or reparation. While some welcomed this accountability dimension, others cautioned against implying automatic liability or legal consequences beyond what the Court explicitly stated."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5823.93,"end":5823.93},{"text":"this","start":5823.93,"end":5824.169},{"text":"regard,","start":5824.169,"end":5824.77},{"text":"Egypt","start":5825.05,"end":5825.77},{"text":"recalls","start":5825.77,"end":5826.77},{"text":"and","start":5826.77,"end":5826.91},{"text":"emphasizes","start":5826.91,"end":5827.91},{"text":"the","start":5827.91,"end":5828.27},{"text":"Court's—","start":5828.27,"end":5828.91},{"text":"—obligation","start":5833.53,"end":5834.27},{"text":"to","start":5834.27,"end":5834.79},{"text":"prevent","start":5834.79,"end":5835.43},{"text":"significant","start":5835.43,"end":5836.33},{"text":"transboundary","start":5836.33,"end":5837.19},{"text":"harm","start":5837.19,"end":5837.47},{"text":"under","start":5837.47,"end":5837.81},{"text":"customary","start":5837.81,"end":5838.49},{"text":"international","start":5838.49,"end":5839.09},{"text":"law","start":5839.09,"end":5839.41},{"text":"is","start":5839.59,"end":5840.01},{"text":"an","start":5840.01,"end":5840.11},{"text":"obligation","start":5840.11,"end":5841.01},{"text":"erga","start":5841.01,"end":5841.43},{"text":"omnes.","start":5841.43,"end":5842.48}]},{"text":"Third, Egypt voted in favor of the amendment proposed on OP3.","start":5843.33,"end":5848.949,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":5843.33,"end":5843.95},{"text":"Egypt","start":5843.95,"end":5844.29},{"text":"voted","start":5844.29,"end":5844.67},{"text":"in","start":5844.67,"end":5845.01},{"text":"favor","start":5845.01,"end":5845.429},{"text":"of","start":5845.429,"end":5845.809},{"text":"the","start":5845.809,"end":5845.99},{"text":"amendment","start":5845.99,"end":5846.53},{"text":"proposed","start":5846.53,"end":5847.229},{"text":"on","start":5847.229,"end":5847.59},{"text":"OP3.","start":5847.59,"end":5848.949}]},{"text":"It is regrettable that this proposed amendment has not been adopted.","start":5848.949,"end":5853.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5848.949,"end":5848.97},{"text":"is","start":5848.97,"end":5849.19},{"text":"regrettable","start":5849.19,"end":5849.97},{"text":"that","start":5849.97,"end":5850.369},{"text":"this","start":5850.369,"end":5850.61},{"text":"proposed","start":5850.61,"end":5851.09},{"text":"amendment","start":5851.09,"end":5851.53},{"text":"has","start":5851.53,"end":5851.93},{"text":"not","start":5851.93,"end":5852.25},{"text":"been","start":5852.25,"end":5852.47},{"text":"adopted.","start":5852.47,"end":5853.47}]},{"text":"Egypt emphasizes that the Court has determined that States Parties to the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement are duty-bound to assist developing countries for the purposes of mitigation and adaptation.","start":5853.67,"end":5866.33,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."}],"words":[{"text":"Egypt","start":5853.67,"end":5853.949},{"text":"emphasizes","start":5853.949,"end":5854.73},{"text":"that","start":5854.73,"end":5855.05},{"text":"the","start":5855.05,"end":5855.17},{"text":"Court","start":5855.17,"end":5855.59},{"text":"has","start":5855.59,"end":5855.85},{"text":"determined","start":5855.85,"end":5856.59},{"text":"that","start":5856.59,"end":5857.07},{"text":"States","start":5857.07,"end":5857.47},{"text":"Parties","start":5857.47,"end":5858.07},{"text":"to","start":5858.07,"end":5858.37},{"text":"the","start":5858.37,"end":5858.45},{"text":"UNFCCC","start":5858.45,"end":5859.49},{"text":"and","start":5859.49,"end":5860.07},{"text":"the","start":5860.07,"end":5860.19},{"text":"Paris","start":5860.19,"end":5860.63},{"text":"Agreement","start":5860.63,"end":5861.07},{"text":"are","start":5861.07,"end":5861.41},{"text":"duty-bound","start":5861.41,"end":5862.07},{"text":"to","start":5862.07,"end":5862.55},{"text":"assist","start":5862.55,"end":5862.99},{"text":"developing","start":5862.99,"end":5863.53},{"text":"countries","start":5863.53,"end":5864.05},{"text":"for","start":5864.05,"end":5864.33},{"text":"the","start":5864.33,"end":5864.41},{"text":"purposes","start":5864.41,"end":5864.85},{"text":"of","start":5864.85,"end":5865.09},{"text":"mitigation","start":5865.09,"end":5865.65},{"text":"and","start":5865.65,"end":5866.03},{"text":"adaptation.","start":5866.03,"end":5866.33}]},{"text":"Adaptation.","start":5866.25,"end":5866.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Adaptation.","start":5866.25,"end":5866.49}]},{"text":"These conventional obligations are further reinforced by the duty of cooperation, which is firmly established in customary international law.","start":5868.031,"end":5876.652,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":5868.031,"end":5868.256},{"text":"conventional","start":5868.369,"end":5869.155},{"text":"obligations","start":5869.235,"end":5869.91},{"text":"are","start":5869.99,"end":5870.07},{"text":"further","start":5870.118,"end":5870.761},{"text":"reinforced","start":5870.761,"end":5871.451},{"text":"by","start":5871.515,"end":5871.692},{"text":"the","start":5871.74,"end":5871.868},{"text":"duty","start":5871.9,"end":5872.237},{"text":"of","start":5872.542,"end":5872.687},{"text":"cooperation,","start":5872.703,"end":5873.458},{"text":"which","start":5873.586,"end":5873.714},{"text":"is","start":5873.827,"end":5873.955},{"text":"firmly","start":5874.148,"end":5874.517},{"text":"established","start":5874.613,"end":5875.207},{"text":"in","start":5875.207,"end":5875.256},{"text":"customary","start":5875.352,"end":5875.914},{"text":"international","start":5875.914,"end":5876.556},{"text":"law.","start":5876.556,"end":5876.652}]},{"text":"For Egypt and other developing countries, climate finance is an urgent obligation and an urgent priority without which adaptation and a just transition will remain an unfulfilled promise.","start":5877.503,"end":5889.607,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":5877.503,"end":5877.615},{"text":"Egypt","start":5877.744,"end":5878.081},{"text":"and","start":5878.145,"end":5878.225},{"text":"other","start":5878.306,"end":5878.547},{"text":"developing","start":5878.547,"end":5879.012},{"text":"countries,","start":5879.108,"end":5879.542},{"text":"climate","start":5879.67,"end":5880.104},{"text":"finance","start":5880.152,"end":5880.714},{"text":"is","start":5880.794,"end":5880.89},{"text":"an","start":5880.89,"end":5880.939},{"text":"urgent","start":5881.211,"end":5881.693},{"text":"obligation","start":5882.078,"end":5882.865},{"text":"and","start":5883.202,"end":5883.266},{"text":"an","start":5883.282,"end":5883.363},{"text":"urgent","start":5883.459,"end":5883.844},{"text":"priority","start":5883.844,"end":5884.39},{"text":"without","start":5884.422,"end":5884.695},{"text":"which","start":5884.823,"end":5885.032},{"text":"adaptation","start":5885.289,"end":5885.979},{"text":"and","start":5886.252,"end":5886.365},{"text":"a","start":5886.365,"end":5886.429},{"text":"just","start":5886.573,"end":5886.878},{"text":"transition","start":5886.894,"end":5887.504},{"text":"will","start":5887.617,"end":5887.681},{"text":"remain","start":5887.777,"end":5888.195},{"text":"an","start":5888.195,"end":5888.275},{"text":"unfulfilled","start":5888.419,"end":5889.094},{"text":"promise.","start":5889.158,"end":5889.607}]},{"text":"This obligation rests on the CBDR principle.","start":5890.362,"end":5893.139,"topics":[{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5890.362,"end":5890.474},{"text":"obligation","start":5890.667,"end":5891.213},{"text":"rests","start":5891.325,"end":5891.678},{"text":"on","start":5891.871,"end":5891.951},{"text":"the","start":5891.951,"end":5892.032},{"text":"CBDR","start":5892.032,"end":5892.642},{"text":"principle.","start":5892.834,"end":5893.139}]},{"text":"Those who contributed most to the climate crisis bear the greatest responsibility to finance measures to respond to the climate crisis and mitigate its effects.","start":5893.32,"end":5903.41,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. 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The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"Those","start":5893.32,"end":5894.1},{"text":"who","start":5894.1,"end":5894.4},{"text":"contributed","start":5894.4,"end":5895},{"text":"most","start":5895,"end":5895.48},{"text":"to","start":5895.48,"end":5895.62},{"text":"the","start":5895.62,"end":5895.78},{"text":"climate","start":5895.78,"end":5896.1},{"text":"crisis","start":5896.1,"end":5896.58},{"text":"bear","start":5896.58,"end":5896.88},{"text":"the","start":5896.88,"end":5897.459},{"text":"greatest","start":5897.459,"end":5897.539},{"text":"responsibility","start":5897.539,"end":5898.44},{"text":"to","start":5898.44,"end":5898.94},{"text":"finance","start":5898.94,"end":5899.44},{"text":"measures","start":5899.44,"end":5899.9},{"text":"to","start":5899.9,"end":5900.1},{"text":"respond","start":5900.1,"end":5900.659},{"text":"to","start":5900.659,"end":5900.839},{"text":"the","start":5900.839,"end":5901.039},{"text":"climate","start":5901.039,"end":5901.339},{"text":"crisis","start":5901.339,"end":5901.82},{"text":"and","start":5901.82,"end":5902.06},{"text":"mitigate","start":5902.06,"end":5902.46},{"text":"its","start":5902.46,"end":5902.66},{"text":"effects.","start":5902.66,"end":5903.41}]},{"text":"Pursuant to their obligations, developed states must honor their commitments and scale up financial assistance, capacity-building efforts, debt relief, and technology transfer to further enable developing countries in their efforts to mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change.","start":5904.24,"end":5921.723,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. 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statement.","start":5949.527,"end":5959.702,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5949.527,"end":5949.559},{"text":"candidate","start":5949.607,"end":5949.992},{"text":"countries","start":5949.992,"end":5950.328},{"text":"of","start":5950.328,"end":5950.392},{"text":"Montenegro,","start":5950.392,"end":5951.114},{"text":"Albania,","start":5951.354,"end":5951.931},{"text":"the","start":5952.171,"end":5952.251},{"text":"Republic","start":5952.251,"end":5952.508},{"text":"of","start":5952.508,"end":5952.636},{"text":"Moldova,","start":5952.636,"end":5953.229},{"text":"and","start":5953.453,"end":5953.517},{"text":"Bosnia","start":5953.533,"end":5954.142},{"text":"and","start":5954.158,"end":5954.558},{"text":"Herzegovina,","start":5954.558,"end":5955.199},{"text":"as","start":5955.696,"end":5955.824},{"text":"well","start":5955.856,"end":5955.952},{"text":"as","start":5955.952,"end":5956.065},{"text":"Andorra,","start":5956.177,"end":5956.641},{"text":"San","start":5956.658,"end":5956.962},{"text":"Marino,","start":5956.962,"end":5957.346},{"text":"themselves","start":5957.363,"end":5957.827},{"text":"align","start":5958.164,"end":5958.628},{"text":"themselves","start":5958.644,"end":5958.949},{"text":"with","start":5958.949,"end":5959.045},{"text":"this","start":5959.045,"end":5959.109},{"text":"statement.","start":5959.205,"end":5959.702}]},{"text":"In the interest of time, we are delivering an abridged version, and we also ask that the full version be put into the official 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thank Vanuatu for its continued leadership in this process as well as the core group.","start":5970.598,"end":5974.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5970.598,"end":5970.758},{"text":"thank","start":5970.758,"end":5970.998},{"text":"Vanuatu","start":5970.998,"end":5971.479},{"text":"for","start":5971.479,"end":5971.559},{"text":"its","start":5971.559,"end":5971.719},{"text":"continued","start":5971.719,"end":5972.12},{"text":"leadership","start":5972.12,"end":5972.456},{"text":"in","start":5972.456,"end":5972.504},{"text":"this","start":5972.52,"end":5972.633},{"text":"process","start":5972.681,"end":5973.113},{"text":"as","start":5973.39,"end":5973.59},{"text":"well","start":5973.59,"end":5973.79},{"text":"as","start":5973.79,"end":5973.95},{"text":"the","start":5973.95,"end":5974.089},{"text":"core","start":5974.089,"end":5974.19},{"text":"group.","start":5974.19,"end":5974.69}]},{"text":"Today's resolution is a testament to our collective engagement, responsibility, and shared aim to address the effects of climate change according to the advisory opinion of the ICJ on obligations of states in relation to climate change.","start":5975.83,"end":5987.38,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5988.41,"end":5988.63},{"text":"EU","start":5988.63,"end":5988.79},{"text":"and","start":5988.79,"end":5988.83},{"text":"its","start":5988.83,"end":5988.91},{"text":"member","start":5988.91,"end":5989.07},{"text":"states","start":5989.07,"end":5989.35},{"text":"are","start":5989.35,"end":5989.55},{"text":"united","start":5989.55,"end":5989.83},{"text":"in","start":5989.83,"end":5990.05},{"text":"their","start":5990.05,"end":5990.19},{"text":"staunch","start":5990.19,"end":5990.37},{"text":"support","start":5990.37,"end":5990.73},{"text":"for","start":5990.73,"end":5990.85},{"text":"the","start":5990.85,"end":5991.07},{"text":"court","start":5991.07,"end":5991.27},{"text":"and","start":5991.27,"end":5991.85},{"text":"more","start":5991.85,"end":5991.99},{"text":"broadly","start":5991.99,"end":5992.39},{"text":"for","start":5992.39,"end":5992.63},{"text":"the","start":5992.63,"end":5992.77},{"text":"strict","start":5992.77,"end":5993.07},{"text":"observance","start":5993.07,"end":5993.61},{"text":"and","start":5993.61,"end":5993.83},{"text":"development","start":5993.83,"end":5994.25},{"text":"of","start":5994.25,"end":5994.47},{"text":"international","start":5994.47,"end":5994.91},{"text":"law.","start":5994.91,"end":5995.73}]},{"text":"We are also committed to promoting the individual and collective action of states to to prevent and respond to the threat of climate change and to show solidarity with those particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.","start":5995.73,"end":6006.75,"topics":[{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer most. This included repeated references to small island developing States, least developed countries, and frontline populations facing existential and unequal harms."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5995.73,"end":5996.45},{"text":"are","start":5996.45,"end":5996.61},{"text":"also","start":5996.61,"end":5996.77},{"text":"committed","start":5996.77,"end":5997.09},{"text":"to","start":5997.09,"end":5997.27},{"text":"promoting","start":5997.27,"end":5997.67},{"text":"the","start":5997.67,"end":5997.99},{"text":"individual","start":5997.99,"end":5998.39},{"text":"and","start":5998.39,"end":5998.59},{"text":"collective","start":5998.59,"end":5998.91},{"text":"action","start":5998.91,"end":5999.23},{"text":"of","start":5999.23,"end":5999.43},{"text":"states","start":5999.43,"end":5999.65},{"text":"to","start":5999.65,"end":5999.73},{"text":"to","start":5999.76,"end":5999.84},{"text":"prevent","start":5999.84,"end":6000.1},{"text":"and","start":6000.1,"end":6000.339},{"text":"respond","start":6000.339,"end":6000.88},{"text":"to","start":6000.88,"end":6001.32},{"text":"the","start":6001.32,"end":6001.36},{"text":"threat","start":6001.36,"end":6001.54},{"text":"of","start":6001.54,"end":6001.68},{"text":"climate","start":6001.68,"end":6001.94},{"text":"change","start":6001.94,"end":6002.4},{"text":"and","start":6002.4,"end":6002.86},{"text":"to","start":6002.86,"end":6003.04},{"text":"show","start":6003.04,"end":6003.18},{"text":"solidarity","start":6003.18,"end":6003.6},{"text":"with","start":6003.6,"end":6003.8},{"text":"those","start":6003.8,"end":6004.099},{"text":"particularly","start":6004.099,"end":6004.42},{"text":"vulnerable","start":6004.42,"end":6004.84},{"text":"to","start":6004.84,"end":6005.12},{"text":"the","start":6005.12,"end":6005.16},{"text":"impacts","start":6005.16,"end":6005.519},{"text":"of","start":6005.519,"end":6005.7},{"text":"climate","start":6005.7,"end":6006},{"text":"change.","start":6006,"end":6006.75}]},{"text":"This is not just a policy decision, it's a necessity.","start":6007.019,"end":6009.44,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6007.019,"end":6007.2},{"text":"is","start":6007.2,"end":6007.359},{"text":"not","start":6007.359,"end":6007.479},{"text":"just","start":6007.479,"end":6007.7},{"text":"a","start":6007.7,"end":6007.86},{"text":"policy","start":6007.86,"end":6008.08},{"text":"decision,","start":6008.08,"end":6008.42},{"text":"it's","start":6008.42,"end":6008.7},{"text":"a","start":6008.7,"end":6008.74},{"text":"necessity.","start":6008.74,"end":6009.44}]},{"text":"We are therefore determined to deliver on our climate policy with a particular focus on climate adaptation and mitigation.","start":6010.119,"end":6015.67,"topics":[{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6010.119,"end":6010.299},{"text":"are","start":6010.299,"end":6010.459},{"text":"therefore","start":6010.459,"end":6010.7},{"text":"determined","start":6010.7,"end":6011.2},{"text":"to","start":6011.2,"end":6011.34},{"text":"deliver","start":6011.34,"end":6011.58},{"text":"on","start":6011.58,"end":6011.74},{"text":"our","start":6011.74,"end":6011.9},{"text":"climate","start":6011.9,"end":6012.08},{"text":"policy","start":6012.08,"end":6012.53},{"text":"with","start":6012.539,"end":6012.7},{"text":"a","start":6012.7,"end":6012.86},{"text":"particular","start":6012.86,"end":6013.08},{"text":"focus","start":6013.08,"end":6013.72},{"text":"on","start":6013.72,"end":6014.2},{"text":"climate","start":6014.2,"end":6014.42},{"text":"adaptation","start":6014.42,"end":6014.94},{"text":"and","start":6014.94,"end":6015.119},{"text":"mitigation.","start":6015.119,"end":6015.67}]},{"text":"In this context, climate finance is not only something we have committed to under the UNFCC and the Paris Agreement, but also a tangible way of expressing solidarity with those most affected.","start":6016.86,"end":6027.04,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."},{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6016.86,"end":6017.06},{"text":"this","start":6017.06,"end":6017.28},{"text":"context,","start":6017.28,"end":6017.83},{"text":"climate","start":6018.2,"end":6018.32},{"text":"finance","start":6018.32,"end":6018.7},{"text":"is","start":6018.7,"end":6018.86},{"text":"not","start":6018.86,"end":6018.98},{"text":"only","start":6018.98,"end":6019.16},{"text":"something","start":6019.16,"end":6019.38},{"text":"we","start":6019.38,"end":6019.54},{"text":"have","start":6019.54,"end":6019.62},{"text":"committed","start":6019.62,"end":6019.94},{"text":"to","start":6019.94,"end":6020.7},{"text":"under","start":6020.7,"end":6020.98},{"text":"the","start":6020.98,"end":6021.16},{"text":"UNFCC","start":6021.16,"end":6021.74},{"text":"and","start":6021.74,"end":6022.5},{"text":"the","start":6022.5,"end":6022.62},{"text":"Paris","start":6022.62,"end":6022.86},{"text":"Agreement,","start":6022.86,"end":6023.56},{"text":"but","start":6023.56,"end":6024.18},{"text":"also","start":6024.18,"end":6024.5},{"text":"a","start":6024.5,"end":6024.62},{"text":"tangible","start":6024.62,"end":6024.98},{"text":"way","start":6024.98,"end":6025.16},{"text":"of","start":6025.16,"end":6025.54},{"text":"expressing","start":6025.54,"end":6025.54},{"text":"solidarity","start":6025.54,"end":6026.04},{"text":"with","start":6026.04,"end":6026.24},{"text":"those","start":6026.24,"end":6026.44},{"text":"most","start":6026.44,"end":6026.6},{"text":"affected.","start":6026.6,"end":6027.04}]},{"text":"The EU and its member states have collectively been the biggest contributors in the world.","start":6027.672,"end":6031.021,"topics":[{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6027.672,"end":6027.817},{"text":"EU","start":6027.849,"end":6027.961},{"text":"and","start":6027.993,"end":6028.057},{"text":"its","start":6028.057,"end":6028.153},{"text":"member","start":6028.153,"end":6028.313},{"text":"states","start":6028.313,"end":6028.538},{"text":"have","start":6028.538,"end":6028.634},{"text":"collectively","start":6028.634,"end":6029.083},{"text":"been","start":6029.355,"end":6029.483},{"text":"the","start":6029.595,"end":6029.74},{"text":"biggest","start":6029.74,"end":6029.996},{"text":"contributors","start":6029.996,"end":6030.445},{"text":"in","start":6030.557,"end":6030.605},{"text":"the","start":6030.717,"end":6030.797},{"text":"world.","start":6030.861,"end":6031.021}]},{"text":"We all need to support and accelerate its implementation, including increasing access to climate finance and mobilizing climate finance from a wide variety of sources.","start":6032.72,"end":6040.62,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."},{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6032.72,"end":6032.88},{"text":"all","start":6032.88,"end":6032.976},{"text":"need","start":6032.976,"end":6033.201},{"text":"to","start":6033.201,"end":6033.265},{"text":"support","start":6033.265,"end":6033.585},{"text":"and","start":6033.585,"end":6033.681},{"text":"accelerate","start":6033.681,"end":6034.162},{"text":"its","start":6034.162,"end":6034.274},{"text":"implementation,","start":6034.306,"end":6034.931},{"text":"including","start":6035.604,"end":6035.973},{"text":"increasing","start":6035.989,"end":6036.582},{"text":"access","start":6036.582,"end":6036.886},{"text":"to","start":6036.886,"end":6036.966},{"text":"climate","start":6036.966,"end":6037.223},{"text":"finance","start":6037.223,"end":6037.848},{"text":"and","start":6037.928,"end":6037.992},{"text":"mobilizing","start":6038.008,"end":6038.457},{"text":"climate","start":6038.489,"end":6038.745},{"text":"finance","start":6038.745,"end":6039.226},{"text":"from","start":6039.354,"end":6039.482},{"text":"a","start":6039.53,"end":6039.546},{"text":"wide","start":6039.61,"end":6039.835},{"text":"variety","start":6039.835,"end":6040.107},{"text":"of","start":6040.107,"end":6040.171},{"text":"sources.","start":6040.171,"end":6040.62}]},{"text":"Madam President, turning to the resolution, we would like to make four observations.","start":6042.078,"end":6045.395,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":6042.078,"end":6042.318},{"text":"President,","start":6042.318,"end":6042.799},{"text":"turning","start":6042.815,"end":6043.104},{"text":"to","start":6043.136,"end":6043.28},{"text":"the","start":6043.28,"end":6043.328},{"text":"resolution,","start":6043.328,"end":6043.841},{"text":"we","start":6043.857,"end":6043.921},{"text":"would","start":6043.921,"end":6044.081},{"text":"like","start":6044.081,"end":6044.177},{"text":"to","start":6044.177,"end":6044.273},{"text":"make","start":6044.273,"end":6044.482},{"text":"four","start":6044.498,"end":6044.69},{"text":"observations.","start":6044.738,"end":6045.395}]},{"text":"First, we stand firmly behind the unequivocal references to the collective temperature goal of holding the increase in the global average temperature to 1.5 degrees above pre-industrial levels, including by tripling renewable energy capacity and doubling the rate of energy efficiency by 2030, as well as by transitioning away from fossil fuels in energy systems in a just, orderly, and equitable manner so as to reach net zero by 2050.","start":6046.645,"end":6072.36,"topics":[{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. 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Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Secondly,","start":6072.36,"end":6072.86},{"text":"we","start":6073.14,"end":6073.36},{"text":"welcome","start":6073.36,"end":6073.64},{"text":"the","start":6073.64,"end":6073.78},{"text":"Court's","start":6073.78,"end":6074.2},{"text":"authoritative","start":6074.2,"end":6075.3},{"text":"interpretation","start":6075.3,"end":6075.98},{"text":"of","start":6075.98,"end":6076.44},{"text":"common","start":6076.44,"end":6076.72},{"text":"but","start":6076.72,"end":6076.92},{"text":"differentiated","start":6076.92,"end":6077.42},{"text":"responsibilities","start":6077.42,"end":6078.12},{"text":"and","start":6078.12,"end":6078.8},{"text":"respective","start":6078.8,"end":6079.24},{"text":"capabilities","start":6079.24,"end":6079.88},{"text":"in","start":6080.1,"end":6080.6},{"text":"the","start":6080.6,"end":6080.7},{"text":"light","start":6080.7,"end":6080.86},{"text":"of","start":6080.86,"end":6080.98},{"text":"national","start":6080.98,"end":6081.38},{"text":"circumstances.","start":6081.38,"end":6082.38}]},{"text":"The court has been clear, though, the status of developing and developed countries is dynamic and CBDRC should be read in this light.","start":6082.44,"end":6090.77,"topics":[{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. 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The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6091.1,"end":6091.219},{"text":"court","start":6091.219,"end":6091.4},{"text":"distinguishes","start":6091.4,"end":6091.86},{"text":"between","start":6091.86,"end":6092.299},{"text":"developed","start":6092.299,"end":6092.639},{"text":"states,","start":6092.639,"end":6093.58},{"text":"least","start":6093.58,"end":6093.78},{"text":"developed","start":6093.78,"end":6094.04},{"text":"states,","start":6094.04,"end":6094.69},{"text":"and","start":6094.92,"end":6095.12},{"text":"states","start":6095.12,"end":6095.52},{"text":"that","start":6095.52,"end":6095.68},{"text":"have","start":6095.68,"end":6095.78},{"text":"progressed","start":6095.78,"end":6096.1},{"text":"considerably","start":6096.1,"end":6096.66},{"text":"in","start":6096.66,"end":6096.82},{"text":"their","start":6096.82,"end":6096.96},{"text":"development","start":6096.96,"end":6097.46},{"text":"since","start":6097.46,"end":6098.08},{"text":"the","start":6098.08,"end":6098.28},{"text":"conclusion","start":6098.28,"end":6099.18},{"text":"of","start":6099.18,"end":6100.04},{"text":"the","start":6100.04,"end":6100.18},{"text":"UNFCCC","start":6100.18,"end":6101.24},{"text":"in","start":6101.24,"end":6101.38},{"text":"1992.","start":6101.38,"end":6103.52}]},{"text":"Thirdly, we reiterate the authoritative value of the court's advisory opinion on all legal issues arising from climate change including in relation to sea level rise.","start":6103.52,"end":6112.117,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."},{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise, Maritime Zones, and Statehood","description":"A major topic was the legal protection of small island and low-lying coastal States facing sea-level rise. Speakers emphasized continuity of statehood, preservation of maritime zones and entitlements, and the importance of legal certainty for affected countries."}],"words":[{"text":"Thirdly,","start":6103.52,"end":6104.18},{"text":"we","start":6104.18,"end":6104.3},{"text":"reiterate","start":6104.3,"end":6104.64},{"text":"the","start":6104.64,"end":6104.82},{"text":"authoritative","start":6104.82,"end":6105.98},{"text":"value","start":6105.98,"end":6106.28},{"text":"of","start":6106.28,"end":6106.4},{"text":"the","start":6106.4,"end":6106.48},{"text":"court's","start":6106.48,"end":6106.94},{"text":"advisory","start":6106.94,"end":6107.16},{"text":"opinion","start":6107.16,"end":6107.5},{"text":"on","start":6107.5,"end":6107.68},{"text":"all","start":6107.68,"end":6108.06},{"text":"legal","start":6108.06,"end":6108.44},{"text":"issues","start":6108.44,"end":6108.8},{"text":"arising","start":6108.8,"end":6109.16},{"text":"from","start":6109.16,"end":6109.38},{"text":"climate","start":6109.38,"end":6109.68},{"text":"change","start":6109.68,"end":6110.08},{"text":"including","start":6110.383,"end":6110.832},{"text":"in","start":6110.864,"end":6110.945},{"text":"relation","start":6110.945,"end":6111.298},{"text":"to","start":6111.346,"end":6111.426},{"text":"sea","start":6111.426,"end":6111.571},{"text":"level","start":6111.587,"end":6111.764},{"text":"rise.","start":6111.764,"end":6112.117}]},{"text":"The court made a significant contribution to the clarification of the current state of international law in this area and expressed the view that once a state is established, the disappearance of one of its constituent elements would not necessarily entail the loss of its statehood.","start":6112.775,"end":6126.038,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise, Maritime Zones, and Statehood","description":"A major topic was the legal protection of small island and low-lying coastal States facing sea-level rise. Speakers emphasized continuity of statehood, preservation of maritime zones and entitlements, and the importance of legal certainty for affected countries."},{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"References","start":6126.744,"end":6127.21},{"text":"to","start":6127.226,"end":6127.29},{"text":"the","start":6127.322,"end":6127.515},{"text":"progressive","start":6127.628,"end":6128.045},{"text":"development","start":6128.045,"end":6128.511},{"text":"of","start":6128.527,"end":6128.671},{"text":"the","start":6128.671,"end":6128.768},{"text":"law","start":6128.768,"end":6128.944},{"text":"in","start":6129.169,"end":6129.217},{"text":"the","start":6129.249,"end":6129.33},{"text":"resolution","start":6129.33,"end":6129.94},{"text":"should","start":6130.357,"end":6130.454},{"text":"be","start":6130.454,"end":6130.566},{"text":"read","start":6130.63,"end":6130.759},{"text":"in","start":6130.759,"end":6130.839},{"text":"line","start":6130.855,"end":6131.064},{"text":"with","start":6131.064,"end":6131.16},{"text":"the","start":6131.16,"end":6131.256},{"text":"advisory","start":6131.256,"end":6131.642},{"text":"opinion.","start":6131.642,"end":6131.947}]},{"text":"As a general remark, also beyond the specific aspect, Practical issues which were not addressed in the advisory opinion require further consideration and discussion in the spirit of cooperation embodied by the advisory opinion.","start":6132.782,"end":6143.9,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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EU and its member states intend to contribute to this process with continued climate ambition.","start":6185.687,"end":6190.6,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6185.687,"end":6185.751},{"text":"EU","start":6185.799,"end":6185.976},{"text":"and","start":6185.992,"end":6186.072},{"text":"its","start":6186.072,"end":6186.12},{"text":"member","start":6186.12,"end":6186.328},{"text":"states","start":6186.328,"end":6186.569},{"text":"intend","start":6186.569,"end":6186.873},{"text":"to","start":6186.873,"end":6186.905},{"text":"contribute","start":6186.905,"end":6187.29},{"text":"to","start":6187.29,"end":6187.386},{"text":"this","start":6187.386,"end":6187.498},{"text":"process","start":6187.53,"end":6188.46},{"text":"with","start":6188.16,"end":6188.62},{"text":"continued","start":6188.62,"end":6189.1},{"text":"climate","start":6189.1,"end":6189.4},{"text":"ambition.","start":6189.4,"end":6190.6}]},{"text":"Madam President, the EU and its member states are pleased to have constructively engaged in the process that led to the adoption of this 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will continue to work together with the rest of the international community in all relevant fora in order to address the effects of climate change.","start":6198.32,"end":6204.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6198.32,"end":6198.66},{"text":"will","start":6198.66,"end":6198.82},{"text":"continue","start":6198.82,"end":6199.1},{"text":"to","start":6199.1,"end":6199.26},{"text":"work","start":6199.26,"end":6199.4},{"text":"together","start":6199.4,"end":6199.74},{"text":"with","start":6199.74,"end":6199.96},{"text":"the","start":6199.96,"end":6200.12},{"text":"rest","start":6200.12,"end":6200.199},{"text":"of","start":6200.199,"end":6200.34},{"text":"the","start":6200.34,"end":6200.42},{"text":"international","start":6200.42,"end":6200.72},{"text":"community","start":6200.72,"end":6201.279},{"text":"in","start":6201.279,"end":6201.699},{"text":"all","start":6201.699,"end":6201.88},{"text":"relevant","start":6201.88,"end":6202.18},{"text":"fora","start":6202.18,"end":6202.56},{"text":"in","start":6202.56,"end":6202.82},{"text":"order","start":6202.82,"end":6203},{"text":"to","start":6203,"end":6203.1},{"text":"address","start":6203.1,"end":6203.46},{"text":"the","start":6203.46,"end":6203.62},{"text":"effects","start":6203.62,"end":6203.92},{"text":"of","start":6203.92,"end":6204.06},{"text":"climate","start":6204.06,"end":6204.32},{"text":"change.","start":6204.32,"end":6204.97}]},{"text":"I will now speak on my national capacity's behalf.","start":6205.72,"end":6208.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6205.72,"end":6205.76},{"text":"will","start":6205.76,"end":6205.92},{"text":"now","start":6205.92,"end":6206.3},{"text":"speak","start":6206.3,"end":6206.52},{"text":"on","start":6206.52,"end":6206.92},{"text":"my","start":6206.92,"end":6207.06},{"text":"national","start":6207.06,"end":6207.36},{"text":"capacity's","start":6207.36,"end":6207.92},{"text":"behalf.","start":6207.92,"end":6208.67}]},{"text":"Madam President, Malta is proud to have co-sponsored this resolution.","start":6209.9,"end":6213.76,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":6209.9,"end":6210.96},{"text":"President,","start":6210.96,"end":6211.64},{"text":"Malta","start":6211.64,"end":6211.8},{"text":"is","start":6211.8,"end":6211.94},{"text":"proud","start":6211.94,"end":6212.28},{"text":"to","start":6212.28,"end":6212.42},{"text":"have","start":6212.42,"end":6212.68},{"text":"co-sponsored","start":6212.68,"end":6213.14},{"text":"this","start":6213.14,"end":6213.3},{"text":"resolution.","start":6213.3,"end":6213.76}]},{"text":"We commend Vanuatu and the core group for their tireless efforts throughout the negotiations and thank all those who supported the text.","start":6214.232,"end":6220.9,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6214.232,"end":6214.392},{"text":"commend","start":6214.392,"end":6214.713},{"text":"Vanuatu","start":6214.713,"end":6215.226},{"text":"and","start":6215.274,"end":6215.354},{"text":"the","start":6215.354,"end":6215.434},{"text":"core","start":6215.434,"end":6215.594},{"text":"group","start":6215.594,"end":6215.835},{"text":"for","start":6215.835,"end":6215.995},{"text":"their","start":6215.995,"end":6216.091},{"text":"tireless","start":6216.155,"end":6216.508},{"text":"efforts","start":6216.701,"end":6217.021},{"text":"throughout","start":6217.021,"end":6217.197},{"text":"the","start":6217.197,"end":6217.262},{"text":"negotiations","start":6217.262,"end":6218.047},{"text":"and","start":6218.624,"end":6218.72},{"text":"thank","start":6218.784,"end":6219.025},{"text":"all","start":6219.025,"end":6219.105},{"text":"those","start":6219.137,"end":6219.329},{"text":"who","start":6219.362,"end":6219.442},{"text":"supported","start":6219.442,"end":6219.971},{"text":"the","start":6220.323,"end":6220.403},{"text":"text.","start":6220.403,"end":6220.9}]},{"text":"We want to commend the group of students from the University of the South Pacific.","start":6221.526,"end":6224.331,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6221.526,"end":6221.654},{"text":"want","start":6221.67,"end":6221.83},{"text":"to","start":6221.83,"end":6221.926},{"text":"commend","start":6221.926,"end":6222.135},{"text":"the","start":6222.167,"end":6222.247},{"text":"group","start":6222.247,"end":6222.343},{"text":"of","start":6222.343,"end":6222.487},{"text":"students","start":6222.487,"end":6222.872},{"text":"from","start":6222.872,"end":6222.968},{"text":"the","start":6222.968,"end":6223.016},{"text":"University","start":6223.032,"end":6223.385},{"text":"of","start":6223.385,"end":6223.449},{"text":"the","start":6223.449,"end":6223.529},{"text":"South","start":6223.529,"end":6223.818},{"text":"Pacific.","start":6223.834,"end":6224.331}]},{"text":"Their determination to bring the issue of climate change to the International Court of Justice 6 years ago serves as a powerful reminder that the voice of the next generation can indeed move the world.","start":6224.892,"end":6233.324,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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This included repeated references to small island developing States, least developed countries, and frontline populations facing existential and unequal harms."}],"words":[{"text":"Colleagues,","start":6234.734,"end":6235.199},{"text":"in","start":6235.376,"end":6235.472},{"text":"1988,","start":6235.472,"end":6236.177},{"text":"Malta","start":6236.337,"end":6236.61},{"text":"spearheaded","start":6236.61,"end":6237.171},{"text":"the","start":6237.171,"end":6237.315},{"text":"initiative","start":6237.315,"end":6237.764},{"text":"to","start":6237.796,"end":6237.892},{"text":"recognize","start":6237.892,"end":6238.245},{"text":"climate","start":6238.341,"end":6238.598},{"text":"change","start":6238.598,"end":6238.918},{"text":"as","start":6238.918,"end":6239.014},{"text":"a","start":6239.014,"end":6239.079},{"text":"common","start":6239.079,"end":6239.367},{"text":"concern","start":6239.463,"end":6239.768},{"text":"of","start":6239.816,"end":6239.88},{"text":"humankind.","start":6239.88,"end":6240.537}]},{"text":"Through Resolution 43/53, the GA declared that climate change affected humanity as a whole and should be confronted with a global framework and international collaboration.","start":6240.75,"end":6251.92,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. 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A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"By","start":6271.789,"end":6271.909},{"text":"adopting","start":6271.909,"end":6272.23},{"text":"this","start":6272.23,"end":6272.43},{"text":"resolution,","start":6272.43,"end":6273.209},{"text":"the","start":6273.209,"end":6273.27},{"text":"international","start":6273.27,"end":6273.63},{"text":"community","start":6273.63,"end":6274.11},{"text":"moves","start":6274.11,"end":6274.409},{"text":"beyond","start":6274.409,"end":6274.81},{"text":"simply","start":6274.81,"end":6275.069},{"text":"acknowledging","start":6275.069,"end":6275.47},{"text":"the","start":6275.47,"end":6275.69},{"text":"court's","start":6275.69,"end":6275.969},{"text":"work","start":6275.969,"end":6276.49},{"text":"to","start":6276.49,"end":6276.889},{"text":"actively","start":6276.889,"end":6277.35},{"text":"upholding","start":6277.35,"end":6277.969},{"text":"the","start":6277.969,"end":6278.11},{"text":"legal","start":6278.11,"end":6278.229},{"text":"integrity","start":6278.229,"end":6278.59},{"text":"of","start":6278.59,"end":6278.75},{"text":"our","start":6278.75,"end":6278.85},{"text":"multilateral","start":6278.85,"end":6279.17},{"text":"system.","start":6279.17,"end":6279.57}]},{"text":"The affirmations on the continuity of statehood and the essential legal certainty regarding maritime zones are of profound importance to small island states like Malta, small island developing states, and low-lying coastal states.","start":6280.65,"end":6292.87,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise, Maritime Zones, and Statehood","description":"A major topic was the legal protection of small island and low-lying coastal States facing sea-level rise. 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I now give the floor to the representative of Australia, followed by New Zealand, then Canada.","start":6332.633,"end":6337.855,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6332.633,"end":6332.938},{"text":"I","start":6333.034,"end":6333.131},{"text":"now","start":6333.131,"end":6333.323},{"text":"give","start":6333.452,"end":6333.565},{"text":"the","start":6333.613,"end":6333.757},{"text":"floor","start":6333.757,"end":6334.095},{"text":"to","start":6334.095,"end":6334.175},{"text":"the","start":6334.175,"end":6334.239},{"text":"representative","start":6334.239,"end":6334.834},{"text":"of","start":6334.834,"end":6334.914},{"text":"Australia,","start":6334.995,"end":6335.701},{"text":"followed","start":6336.023,"end":6336.392},{"text":"by","start":6336.425,"end":6336.537},{"text":"New","start":6336.649,"end":6336.746},{"text":"Zealand,","start":6336.746,"end":6337.196},{"text":"then","start":6337.228,"end":6337.437},{"text":"Canada.","start":6337.469,"end":6337.855}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"GA","affiliation_full":"GA","group":null,"function":"President"}},{"statement_number":80,"start":6340.425,"pageUrl":"/ru/ga/80/83?lang=en&t=6341","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank 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This included repeated references to small island developing States, least developed countries, and frontline populations facing existential and unequal harms."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6377.509,"end":6377.509},{"text":"commend","start":6377.509,"end":6377.87},{"text":"the","start":6377.87,"end":6377.969},{"text":"Pacific","start":6377.969,"end":6378.41},{"text":"and","start":6378.41,"end":6378.95},{"text":"Pacific","start":6378.95,"end":6379.409},{"text":"youth","start":6379.409,"end":6379.85},{"text":"for","start":6379.85,"end":6380.29},{"text":"their","start":6380.29,"end":6380.51},{"text":"global","start":6380.51,"end":6380.89},{"text":"leadership.","start":6380.89,"end":6381.989}]},{"text":"Australia is proud to stand with you in supporting this resolution.","start":6382.45,"end":6386.249,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Australia","start":6382.45,"end":6382.749},{"text":"is","start":6382.749,"end":6383.35},{"text":"proud","start":6383.35,"end":6383.77},{"text":"to","start":6383.77,"end":6383.97},{"text":"stand","start":6383.97,"end":6384.23},{"text":"with","start":6384.23,"end":6384.51},{"text":"you","start":6384.51,"end":6384.71},{"text":"in","start":6384.71,"end":6384.85},{"text":"supporting","start":6384.85,"end":6385.29},{"text":"this","start":6385.29,"end":6385.55},{"text":"resolution.","start":6385.55,"end":6386.249}]},{"text":"The breadth of support matters.","start":6386.95,"end":6388.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6386.95,"end":6387.01},{"text":"breadth","start":6387.01,"end":6387.29},{"text":"of","start":6387.29,"end":6387.49},{"text":"support","start":6387.49,"end":6387.93},{"text":"matters.","start":6387.93,"end":6388.63}]},{"text":"Climate change cannot be solved by any country acting alone.","start":6389.45,"end":6393.84,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. 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accelerate global climate action at home and in support of our 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this resolution does not fully reflect New Zealand's position on the legal issues addressed by the International Court of Justice, Justice.","start":6601.2,"end":6607.96,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6780.439,"end":6780.62},{"text":"this","start":6780.62,"end":6780.859},{"text":"context,","start":6780.859,"end":6781.46},{"text":"we","start":6782.36,"end":6782.38},{"text":"also","start":6782.38,"end":6782.72},{"text":"welcome","start":6782.72,"end":6783.02},{"text":"the","start":6783.02,"end":6783.18},{"text":"Court's","start":6783.18,"end":6783.54},{"text":"recognition","start":6783.54,"end":6784.14},{"text":"that","start":6784.14,"end":6784.6},{"text":"states'","start":6784.6,"end":6785.22},{"text":"contributions","start":6785.22,"end":6785.68},{"text":"to","start":6785.68,"end":6786.04},{"text":"climate","start":6786.04,"end":6786.36},{"text":"change","start":6786.36,"end":6786.86},{"text":"and","start":6786.86,"end":6787.38},{"text":"their","start":6787.38,"end":6787.54},{"text":"capacities","start":6787.54,"end":6788.04},{"text":"to","start":6788.04,"end":6788.28},{"text":"respond","start":6788.28,"end":6788.84},{"text":"are","start":6788.84,"end":6789.3},{"text":"not","start":6789.3,"end":6789.48},{"text":"static","start":6789.48,"end":6790.08},{"text":"but","start":6790.08,"end":6790.64},{"text":"continue","start":6790.64,"end":6791.26},{"text":"to","start":6791.456,"end":6791.6},{"text":"evolve.","start":6791.632,"end":6792.082}]},{"text":"Canada notes, however, that the language of the resolution omits some of the material nuances in the advisory opinion and introduces elements that fall outside its scope.","start":6792.916,"end":6804.376,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Additionally,","start":6812.561,"end":6812.946},{"text":"Canada","start":6813.203,"end":6813.508},{"text":"is","start":6813.524,"end":6813.588},{"text":"of","start":6813.684,"end":6813.765},{"text":"the","start":6813.765,"end":6813.861},{"text":"view","start":6813.861,"end":6814.037},{"text":"that","start":6814.102,"end":6814.214},{"text":"customary","start":6814.262,"end":6814.872},{"text":"international","start":6814.888,"end":6815.466},{"text":"law","start":6815.466,"end":6815.642},{"text":"is","start":6815.803,"end":6815.915},{"text":"not","start":6815.963,"end":6816.172},{"text":"yet","start":6816.333,"end":6816.461},{"text":"fully","start":6816.573,"end":6816.878},{"text":"developed,","start":6816.91,"end":6817.52},{"text":"but","start":6817.52,"end":6817.52},{"text":"in","start":6817.52,"end":6817.72},{"text":"the","start":6817.72,"end":6817.78},{"text":"context","start":6817.78,"end":6818.16},{"text":"of","start":6818.16,"end":6818.4},{"text":"climate","start":6818.4,"end":6818.66},{"text":"change.","start":6818.66,"end":6819.26}]},{"text":"The resolution's reference to compliance with obligations under international law must be understood as limited to obligations that have crystallized under international law.","start":6819.82,"end":6831.68,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility","label":"State Responsibility and Reparation","description":"Delegations discussed whether breaches of climate-related obligations can amount to internationally wrongful acts and trigger responsibility, remedies, or reparation. While some welcomed this accountability dimension, others cautioned against implying automatic liability or legal consequences beyond what the Court explicitly stated."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6819.82,"end":6819.86},{"text":"resolution's","start":6819.86,"end":6820.54},{"text":"reference","start":6820.54,"end":6820.86},{"text":"to","start":6820.86,"end":6821.08},{"text":"compliance","start":6821.08,"end":6821.679},{"text":"with","start":6821.679,"end":6821.96},{"text":"obligations","start":6821.96,"end":6822.66},{"text":"under","start":6822.66,"end":6823.099},{"text":"international","start":6823.099,"end":6823.7},{"text":"law","start":6823.7,"end":6824.46},{"text":"must","start":6824.46,"end":6824.84},{"text":"be","start":6824.84,"end":6825.08},{"text":"understood","start":6825.08,"end":6825.62},{"text":"as","start":6825.62,"end":6825.999},{"text":"limited","start":6825.999,"end":6826.499},{"text":"to","start":6826.499,"end":6826.78},{"text":"obligations","start":6826.78,"end":6827.52},{"text":"that","start":6827.52,"end":6827.78},{"text":"have","start":6827.78,"end":6828.04},{"text":"crystallized","start":6828.04,"end":6828.86},{"text":"under","start":6828.86,"end":6829.26},{"text":"international","start":6829.26,"end":6830.04},{"text":"law.","start":6830.04,"end":6831.68}]},{"text":"Canada notes that the resolution's affirmation of continuity of statehood in the face of sea level rise goes beyond the Court's own discussion and risks prejudging legal questions under active consideration in other forums.","start":6831.68,"end":6845.589,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise, Maritime Zones, and Statehood","description":"A major topic was the legal protection of small island and low-lying coastal States facing sea-level rise. Speakers emphasized continuity of statehood, preservation of maritime zones and entitlements, and the importance of legal certainty for affected countries."},{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"Canada","start":6831.68,"end":6832.14},{"text":"notes","start":6832.14,"end":6832.54},{"text":"that","start":6832.54,"end":6832.76},{"text":"the","start":6832.76,"end":6832.82},{"text":"resolution's","start":6832.82,"end":6833.54},{"text":"affirmation","start":6833.54,"end":6834.3},{"text":"of","start":6834.3,"end":6834.46},{"text":"continuity","start":6834.46,"end":6835.06},{"text":"of","start":6835.06,"end":6835.36},{"text":"statehood","start":6835.36,"end":6835.84},{"text":"in","start":6835.84,"end":6835.96},{"text":"the","start":6835.96,"end":6836.08},{"text":"face","start":6836.08,"end":6836.32},{"text":"of","start":6836.32,"end":6836.48},{"text":"sea","start":6836.48,"end":6836.66},{"text":"level","start":6836.66,"end":6836.86},{"text":"rise","start":6836.86,"end":6837.48},{"text":"goes","start":6837.48,"end":6838.1},{"text":"beyond","start":6838.1,"end":6838.6},{"text":"the","start":6838.6,"end":6838.74},{"text":"Court's","start":6838.74,"end":6839.28},{"text":"own","start":6839.28,"end":6839.48},{"text":"discussion","start":6839.48,"end":6840.02},{"text":"and","start":6840.02,"end":6840.38},{"text":"risks","start":6840.38,"end":6840.82},{"text":"prejudging","start":6840.82,"end":6841.58},{"text":"legal","start":6841.58,"end":6841.98},{"text":"questions","start":6841.98,"end":6842.52},{"text":"under","start":6842.52,"end":6842.86},{"text":"active","start":6842.86,"end":6843.3},{"text":"consideration","start":6843.276,"end":6843.982},{"text":"in","start":6844.577,"end":6844.625},{"text":"other","start":6844.882,"end":6845.058},{"text":"forums.","start":6845.058,"end":6845.589}]},{"text":"Lastly, Canada reaffirms that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement are the primary forums for negotiating the global response to climate change.","start":6846.649,"end":6858.278,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. 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A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6859.113,"end":6859.225},{"text":"resolution","start":6859.354,"end":6859.884},{"text":"must","start":6860.221,"end":6860.35},{"text":"not","start":6860.398,"end":6860.639},{"text":"be","start":6860.639,"end":6860.719},{"text":"construed","start":6860.719,"end":6861.41},{"text":"to","start":6861.522,"end":6861.602},{"text":"modify","start":6861.602,"end":6862.116},{"text":"or","start":6862.406,"end":6862.47},{"text":"supplement","start":6862.502,"end":6863.112},{"text":"obligations","start":6863.112,"end":6863.819},{"text":"under","start":6864.317,"end":6864.67},{"text":"those","start":6864.735,"end":6864.943},{"text":"agreements,","start":6865.04,"end":6865.65},{"text":"nor","start":6865.859,"end":6865.971},{"text":"to","start":6866.02,"end":6866.148},{"text":"prejudge","start":6866.18,"end":6866.71},{"text":"ongoing","start":6867.047,"end":6867.353},{"text":"negotiations","start":6867.385,"end":6868.236},{"text":"within","start":6868.509,"end":6868.782},{"text":"them.","start":6868.895,"end":6868.959}]},{"text":"Canada looks forward to continuing working with others under the UNFCCC and Paris Agreement, as well as other relevant forums, to advance understanding of and compliance with international climate obligations.","start":6869.778,"end":6884.291,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. 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Belize.","start":6888.24,"end":6895.769,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6888.24,"end":6888.288},{"text":"thank","start":6888.481,"end":6888.722},{"text":"the","start":6888.722,"end":6888.754},{"text":"representative","start":6888.754,"end":6889.38},{"text":"of","start":6889.38,"end":6889.508},{"text":"Canada,","start":6889.524,"end":6890.022},{"text":"and","start":6890.247,"end":6890.648},{"text":"I","start":6890.664,"end":6890.696},{"text":"now","start":6890.76,"end":6891.017},{"text":"give","start":6891.146,"end":6891.306},{"text":"the","start":6891.306,"end":6891.386},{"text":"floor","start":6891.467,"end":6891.74},{"text":"to","start":6891.788,"end":6891.932},{"text":"the","start":6891.932,"end":6891.964},{"text":"representative","start":6891.964,"end":6892.751},{"text":"of","start":6892.751,"end":6892.831},{"text":"the","start":6892.831,"end":6892.976},{"text":"Solomon","start":6892.976,"end":6893.441},{"text":"Islands,","start":6893.618,"end":6894.084},{"text":"followed","start":6894.597,"end":6894.967},{"text":"by","start":6894.999,"end":6895.191},{"text":"Belize.","start":6895.4,"end":6895.769}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"GA","affiliation_full":"GA","group":null,"function":"President"}},{"statement_number":86,"start":6896.79,"pageUrl":"/ru/ga/80/83?lang=en&t=6897","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Madam President, I have the honor to deliver this statement on behalf of the Pacific Islands Forum members with a presence in New 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adoption of this resolution marks an important moment for the international community and for all nations confronted with the accelerating impacts of climate change.","start":6909.569,"end":6920.81,"topics":[{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer most. 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Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":7023.29,"end":7023.69},{"text":"President,","start":7023.69,"end":7024.57},{"text":"the","start":7024.57,"end":7024.75},{"text":"Pacific","start":7024.75,"end":7024.95},{"text":"Islands","start":7024.95,"end":7025.25},{"text":"Forum","start":7025.28,"end":7025.72},{"text":"acknowledges","start":7025.72,"end":7026.92},{"text":"with","start":7026.92,"end":7027.18},{"text":"deep","start":7027.18,"end":7027.46},{"text":"appreciation","start":7027.46,"end":7028.42},{"text":"the","start":7028.42,"end":7028.82},{"text":"leadership","start":7028.82,"end":7029.339},{"text":"of","start":7029.339,"end":7029.68},{"text":"Vanuatu,","start":7029.68,"end":7030.619},{"text":"who","start":7030.619,"end":7030.68},{"text":"took","start":7030.68,"end":7030.82},{"text":"up","start":7030.82,"end":7031.079},{"text":"the","start":7031.079,"end":7031.379},{"text":"call","start":7031.379,"end":7031.52},{"text":"initiated","start":7031.52,"end":7032.159},{"text":"by","start":7032.159,"end":7032.379},{"text":"young","start":7032.379,"end":7032.74},{"text":"Pacific","start":7032.74,"end":7033.039},{"text":"Islanders","start":7033.039,"end":7033.78},{"text":"and","start":7033.78,"end":7034.2},{"text":"gave","start":7034.2,"end":7034.479},{"text":"life","start":7034.479,"end":7034.96},{"text":"to","start":7034.96,"end":7035.139},{"text":"the","start":7035.139,"end":7035.36},{"text":"vision","start":7035.36,"end":7035.78},{"text":"in","start":7035.78,"end":7036.3},{"text":"taking","start":7036.3,"end":7036.6},{"text":"forward","start":7036.6,"end":7037.02},{"text":"the","start":7037.02,"end":7037.22},{"text":"Advisory","start":7037.22,"end":7037.68},{"text":"Opinion","start":7037.68,"end":7038.18},{"text":"on","start":7038.18,"end":7038.42},{"text":"Climate","start":7038.42,"end":7038.72},{"text":"Change","start":7038.72,"end":7039.16},{"text":"to","start":7039.16,"end":7039.639},{"text":"the","start":7039.639,"end":7039.8},{"text":"ICJ.","start":7039.8,"end":7040.96}]},{"text":"This achievement reflects the strength of Pacific leadership and unity of purpose that has long characterized our region's engagement on climate change.","start":7040.96,"end":7050.72,"topics":[{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer most. 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Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7050.81,"end":7051.47},{"text":"acknowledge","start":7051.47,"end":7052.09},{"text":"Vanuatu's","start":7052.09,"end":7053.31},{"text":"and","start":7053.31,"end":7053.31},{"text":"the","start":7053.31,"end":7053.59},{"text":"core","start":7053.59,"end":7053.77},{"text":"group's","start":7053.77,"end":7054.21},{"text":"effort","start":7054.21,"end":7054.69},{"text":"in","start":7054.69,"end":7054.869},{"text":"ensuring","start":7054.869,"end":7055.55},{"text":"this","start":7055.55,"end":7055.85},{"text":"resolution","start":7055.85,"end":7056.31},{"text":"remains","start":7056.31,"end":7056.89},{"text":"with","start":7056.89,"end":7057.43},{"text":"the","start":7057.43,"end":7057.71},{"text":"spirit","start":7057.71,"end":7058.01},{"text":"of","start":7058.01,"end":7058.21},{"text":"the","start":7058.21,"end":7058.43},{"text":"advisory","start":7058.43,"end":7058.929},{"text":"opinion.","start":7058.929,"end":7060.08}]},{"text":"We trust that member states will approach this resolution in a spirit of cooperation and shared responsibility, with a view to enabling a constructive outcome that advances our common commitment to a just stable and sustainable future.","start":7060.87,"end":7078.536,"topics":[{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer most. 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Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":7161.37,"end":7161.41},{"text":"is","start":7161.41,"end":7161.61},{"text":"an","start":7161.61,"end":7161.81},{"text":"identification","start":7161.81,"end":7162.629},{"text":"of","start":7162.629,"end":7163.41},{"text":"existing","start":7163.41,"end":7164.07},{"text":"international","start":7164.07,"end":7164.789},{"text":"law.","start":7164.789,"end":7166.17}]},{"text":"The Court found that UNCLOS does not require states parties in the context of sea level rise to update their charts or geographical coordinates once they have been duly established in conformity with the Convention.","start":7166.17,"end":7182.92,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise, Maritime Zones, and Statehood","description":"A major topic was the legal protection of small island and low-lying coastal States facing sea-level rise. 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Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7166.17,"end":7166.35},{"text":"Court","start":7166.35,"end":7166.57},{"text":"found","start":7166.57,"end":7167.23},{"text":"that","start":7167.23,"end":7167.73},{"text":"UNCLOS","start":7167.73,"end":7168.11},{"text":"does","start":7168.11,"end":7168.709},{"text":"not","start":7168.709,"end":7168.95},{"text":"require","start":7168.95,"end":7169.33},{"text":"states","start":7169.33,"end":7169.83},{"text":"parties","start":7169.83,"end":7170.41},{"text":"in","start":7170.41,"end":7170.93},{"text":"the","start":7170.93,"end":7171.03},{"text":"context","start":7171.03,"end":7171.47},{"text":"of","start":7171.47,"end":7171.79},{"text":"sea","start":7171.79,"end":7171.89},{"text":"level","start":7171.89,"end":7172.09},{"text":"rise","start":7172.09,"end":7172.91},{"text":"to","start":7172.91,"end":7173.17},{"text":"update","start":7173.17,"end":7173.53},{"text":"their","start":7173.53,"end":7173.79},{"text":"charts","start":7173.79,"end":7174.29},{"text":"or","start":7174.29,"end":7175.03},{"text":"geographical","start":7175.03,"end":7175.65},{"text":"coordinates","start":7175.65,"end":7176.49},{"text":"once","start":7176.49,"end":7177.37},{"text":"they","start":7177.37,"end":7177.65},{"text":"have","start":7177.65,"end":7177.99},{"text":"been","start":7177.99,"end":7178.21},{"text":"duly","start":7178.21,"end":7178.71},{"text":"established","start":7178.88,"end":7179.64},{"text":"in","start":7179.64,"end":7180.02},{"text":"conformity","start":7180.02,"end":7180.8},{"text":"with","start":7180.8,"end":7181.28},{"text":"the","start":7181.28,"end":7181.4},{"text":"Convention.","start":7181.4,"end":7182.92}]},{"text":"This conclusion rests on a solid legal foundation.","start":7182.92,"end":7188.7,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":7182.92,"end":7183.32},{"text":"conclusion","start":7183.32,"end":7184.219},{"text":"rests","start":7184.219,"end":7185.04},{"text":"on","start":7185.04,"end":7185.559},{"text":"a","start":7185.559,"end":7185.86},{"text":"solid","start":7185.86,"end":7186.3},{"text":"legal","start":7186.3,"end":7187.079},{"text":"foundation.","start":7187.079,"end":7188.7}]},{"text":"The International Law Commission conducted a comprehensive study of state practice and found it to be consistent.","start":7188.7,"end":7197.12,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise, Maritime Zones, and Statehood","description":"A major topic was the legal protection of small island and low-lying coastal States facing sea-level rise. Speakers emphasized continuity of statehood, preservation of maritime zones and entitlements, and the importance of legal certainty for affected countries."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7188.7,"end":7189.04},{"text":"International","start":7189.04,"end":7189.62},{"text":"Law","start":7189.62,"end":7189.98},{"text":"Commission","start":7189.98,"end":7190.68},{"text":"conducted","start":7190.68,"end":7191.419},{"text":"a","start":7191.419,"end":7191.78},{"text":"comprehensive","start":7191.78,"end":7192.38},{"text":"study","start":7192.38,"end":7192.82},{"text":"of","start":7192.82,"end":7192.999},{"text":"state","start":7192.999,"end":7193.22},{"text":"practice","start":7193.22,"end":7193.82},{"text":"and","start":7193.82,"end":7194.44},{"text":"found","start":7194.44,"end":7194.76},{"text":"it","start":7194.76,"end":7195.34},{"text":"to","start":7195.34,"end":7195.44},{"text":"be","start":7195.44,"end":7195.92},{"text":"consistent.","start":7195.92,"end":7197.12}]},{"text":"To our knowledge, no state has submitted a change in baselines to the Secretary-General because of loss of land.","start":7197.16,"end":7204.36,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise, Maritime Zones, and Statehood","description":"A major topic was the legal protection of small island and low-lying coastal States facing sea-level rise. Speakers emphasized continuity of statehood, preservation of maritime zones and entitlements, and the importance of legal certainty for affected countries."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":7197.16,"end":7197.36},{"text":"our","start":7197.36,"end":7197.6},{"text":"knowledge,","start":7197.6,"end":7198.14},{"text":"no","start":7198.14,"end":7198.44},{"text":"state","start":7198.44,"end":7198.84},{"text":"has","start":7198.84,"end":7199.16},{"text":"submitted","start":7199.16,"end":7199.58},{"text":"a","start":7199.58,"end":7200},{"text":"change","start":7200,"end":7200.38},{"text":"in","start":7200.38,"end":7200.7},{"text":"baselines","start":7200.7,"end":7201.32},{"text":"to","start":7201.32,"end":7201.52},{"text":"the","start":7201.52,"end":7201.68},{"text":"Secretary-General","start":7201.68,"end":7202.58},{"text":"because","start":7202.58,"end":7203.36},{"text":"of","start":7203.36,"end":7203.74},{"text":"loss","start":7203.74,"end":7203.84},{"text":"of","start":7203.84,"end":7204.04},{"text":"land.","start":7204.04,"end":7204.36}]},{"text":"Only one State has restated their baselines, and that was due to land reclamation.","start":7205.014,"end":7210.762,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise, Maritime Zones, and Statehood","description":"A major topic was the legal protection of small island and low-lying coastal States facing sea-level rise. Speakers emphasized continuity of statehood, preservation of maritime zones and entitlements, and the importance of legal certainty for affected countries."}],"words":[{"text":"Only","start":7205.014,"end":7205.239},{"text":"one","start":7205.319,"end":7205.447},{"text":"State","start":7205.576,"end":7205.977},{"text":"has","start":7205.977,"end":7206.186},{"text":"restated","start":7206.218,"end":7206.764},{"text":"their","start":7206.764,"end":7206.86},{"text":"baselines,","start":7206.941,"end":7207.551},{"text":"and","start":7208.129,"end":7208.193},{"text":"that","start":7208.225,"end":7208.498},{"text":"was","start":7208.707,"end":7208.884},{"text":"due","start":7208.948,"end":7209.189},{"text":"to","start":7209.574,"end":7209.638},{"text":"land","start":7209.735,"end":7209.959},{"text":"reclamation.","start":7210.072,"end":7210.762}]},{"text":"This is not a rule being invented by the Court or the ILC.","start":7211.276,"end":7215.274,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":7211.276,"end":7211.404},{"text":"is","start":7211.453,"end":7211.565},{"text":"not","start":7211.597,"end":7211.774},{"text":"a","start":7211.774,"end":7211.886},{"text":"rule","start":7211.982,"end":7212.127},{"text":"being","start":7212.32,"end":7212.448},{"text":"invented","start":7212.56,"end":7213.042},{"text":"by","start":7213.042,"end":7213.203},{"text":"the","start":7213.203,"end":7213.395},{"text":"Court","start":7213.428,"end":7213.861},{"text":"or","start":7214.07,"end":7214.118},{"text":"the","start":7214.568,"end":7214.632},{"text":"ILC.","start":7214.712,"end":7215.274}]},{"text":"It is a rule that is being recognized based on the consistent actions of States and that is supported by the Convention and the legal principles underpinning 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rule 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international law does not require consensus, it requires consistent state practice and opinio juris.","start":7241.048,"end":7250.604,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Customary","start":7241.048,"end":7241.594},{"text":"international","start":7241.626,"end":7242.253},{"text":"law","start":7242.253,"end":7242.301},{"text":"does","start":7242.831,"end":7242.959},{"text":"not","start":7243.056,"end":7243.216},{"text":"require","start":7243.393,"end":7243.81},{"text":"consensus,","start":7244.276,"end":7244.887},{"text":"it","start":7245.497,"end":7245.641},{"text":"requires","start":7245.641,"end":7246.332},{"text":"consistent","start":7246.669,"end":7247.328},{"text":"state","start":7247.328,"end":7247.713},{"text":"practice","start":7247.713,"end":7248.147},{"text":"and","start":7248.757,"end":7248.982},{"text":"opinio","start":7249.078,"end":7249.705},{"text":"juris.","start":7250.138,"end":7250.604}]},{"text":"Specially affected states have demonstrated clear common interpretation through our consistent practice regarding maritime zones.","start":7251.6,"end":7261.428,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise, Maritime Zones, and Statehood","description":"A major topic was the legal protection of small island and low-lying coastal States facing sea-level rise. Speakers emphasized continuity of statehood, preservation of maritime zones and entitlements, and the importance of legal certainty for affected countries."}],"words":[{"text":"Specially","start":7251.6,"end":7252.162},{"text":"affected","start":7252.162,"end":7252.548},{"text":"states","start":7252.548,"end":7253.142},{"text":"have","start":7253.495,"end":7253.608},{"text":"demonstrated","start":7253.752,"end":7254.475},{"text":"clear","start":7254.555,"end":7254.909},{"text":"common","start":7255.358,"end":7255.728},{"text":"interpretation","start":7255.904,"end":7258.057},{"text":"through","start":7256.322,"end":7257.093},{"text":"our","start":7257.125,"end":7257.317},{"text":"consistent","start":7258.168,"end":7258.891},{"text":"practice","start":7258.891,"end":7259.469},{"text":"regarding","start":7259.613,"end":7260.143},{"text":"maritime","start":7260.496,"end":7260.946},{"text":"zones.","start":7260.994,"end":7261.428}]},{"text":"Our voice should carry particular legal weight on this issue.","start":7262.166,"end":7266.662,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise, Maritime Zones, and Statehood","description":"A major topic was the legal protection of small island and low-lying coastal States facing sea-level rise. Speakers emphasized continuity of statehood, preservation of maritime zones and entitlements, and the importance of legal certainty for affected countries."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":7262.166,"end":7262.407},{"text":"voice","start":7262.407,"end":7262.696},{"text":"should","start":7263.242,"end":7263.515},{"text":"carry","start":7263.547,"end":7263.916},{"text":"particular","start":7264.35,"end":7265.185},{"text":"legal","start":7265.378,"end":7265.683},{"text":"weight","start":7265.715,"end":7266.036},{"text":"on","start":7266.036,"end":7266.132},{"text":"this","start":7266.18,"end":7266.293},{"text":"issue.","start":7266.357,"end":7266.662}]},{"text":"On statehood, the legal foundation is also clear.","start":7267.481,"end":7270.917,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise, Maritime Zones, and Statehood","description":"A major topic was the legal protection of small island and low-lying coastal States facing sea-level rise. Speakers emphasized continuity of statehood, preservation of maritime zones and entitlements, and the importance of legal certainty for affected countries."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":7267.481,"end":7267.529},{"text":"statehood,","start":7267.625,"end":7268.284},{"text":"the","start":7269.151,"end":7269.247},{"text":"legal","start":7269.247,"end":7269.536},{"text":"foundation","start":7269.568,"end":7270.018},{"text":"is","start":7270.114,"end":7270.178},{"text":"also","start":7270.275,"end":7270.596},{"text":"clear.","start":7270.596,"end":7270.917}]},{"text":"The ICJ found in paragraph 363 that the disappearance of land territory would not necessarily entail the loss of statehood.","start":7271.655,"end":7279.651,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise, Maritime Zones, and Statehood","description":"A major topic was the legal protection of small island and low-lying coastal States facing sea-level rise. Speakers emphasized continuity of statehood, preservation of maritime zones and entitlements, and the importance of legal certainty for affected countries."},{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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Speakers emphasized continuity of statehood, preservation of maritime zones and entitlements, and the importance of legal certainty for affected countries."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":7280.406,"end":7280.583},{"text":"is","start":7280.583,"end":7280.695},{"text":"not","start":7280.711,"end":7280.952},{"text":"a","start":7280.952,"end":7280.968},{"text":"novel","start":7280.968,"end":7281.321},{"text":"proposition.","start":7281.369,"end":7281.899}]},{"text":"Since the founding of the United Nations, no state has involuntarily ceased to exist.","start":7282.19,"end":7288.849,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise, Maritime Zones, and Statehood","description":"A major topic was the legal protection of small island and low-lying coastal States facing sea-level rise. 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Speakers emphasized continuity of statehood, preservation of maritime zones and entitlements, and the importance of legal certainty for affected countries."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":7289.28,"end":7289.679},{"text":"dissolutions","start":7289.679,"end":7290.88},{"text":"and","start":7290.88,"end":7291.279},{"text":"reformation","start":7291.279,"end":7291.92},{"text":"of","start":7291.92,"end":7292.02},{"text":"states","start":7292.02,"end":7292.439},{"text":"resulted","start":7292.439,"end":7293.18},{"text":"from","start":7293.18,"end":7293.52},{"text":"the","start":7293.52,"end":7293.64},{"text":"express","start":7293.64,"end":7294.06},{"text":"consent","start":7294.06,"end":7294.52},{"text":"of","start":7294.52,"end":7294.68},{"text":"the","start":7294.68,"end":7294.859},{"text":"state","start":7294.859,"end":7295.06},{"text":"itself.","start":7295.06,"end":7295.91}]},{"text":"This consistent state practice reflects the existing rule.","start":7296.359,"end":7300.74,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise, Maritime Zones, and Statehood","description":"A major topic was the legal protection of small island and low-lying coastal States facing sea-level rise. Speakers emphasized continuity of statehood, preservation of maritime zones and entitlements, and the importance of legal certainty for affected countries."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":7296.359,"end":7296.72},{"text":"consistent","start":7296.72,"end":7297.3},{"text":"state","start":7297.3,"end":7297.66},{"text":"practice","start":7297.66,"end":7298.28},{"text":"reflects","start":7298.28,"end":7299.04},{"text":"the","start":7299.04,"end":7299.32},{"text":"existing","start":7299.32,"end":7299.64},{"text":"rule.","start":7299.64,"end":7300.74}]},{"text":"The ILC's conclusions on statehood reflected and the Court affirmed it.","start":7300.74,"end":7306.58,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise, Maritime Zones, and Statehood","description":"A major topic was the legal protection of small island and low-lying coastal States facing sea-level rise. Speakers emphasized continuity of statehood, preservation of maritime zones and entitlements, and the importance of legal certainty for affected countries."},{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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Speakers emphasized continuity of statehood, preservation of maritime zones and entitlements, and the importance of legal certainty for affected countries."}],"words":[{"text":"Today's","start":7306.58,"end":7307.16},{"text":"affirmation","start":7307.16,"end":7308.02},{"text":"converts","start":7308.02,"end":7308.58},{"text":"that","start":7308.772,"end":7308.916},{"text":"finding","start":7309.076,"end":7309.461},{"text":"into","start":7309.653,"end":7309.83},{"text":"collective","start":7310.294,"end":7310.823},{"text":"political","start":7311.015,"end":7311.72},{"text":"and","start":7312.057,"end":7312.121},{"text":"legal","start":7312.217,"end":7312.586},{"text":"recognition","start":7312.922,"end":7313.547},{"text":"by","start":7313.9,"end":7314.14},{"text":"the","start":7314.14,"end":7314.22},{"text":"General","start":7314.22,"end":7314.509},{"text":"Assembly.","start":7314.621,"end":7314.99}]},{"text":"Statehood and sovereignty persist regardless of sea level rise.","start":7315.663,"end":7319.957,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise, Maritime Zones, and Statehood","description":"A major topic was the legal protection of small island and low-lying coastal States facing sea-level rise. Speakers emphasized continuity of statehood, preservation of maritime zones and entitlements, and the importance of legal certainty for affected countries."}],"words":[{"text":"Statehood","start":7315.663,"end":7316.352},{"text":"and","start":7316.544,"end":7316.608},{"text":"sovereignty","start":7316.688,"end":7317.233},{"text":"persist","start":7317.409,"end":7318.195},{"text":"regardless","start":7318.387,"end":7319.108},{"text":"of","start":7319.108,"end":7319.188},{"text":"sea","start":7319.188,"end":7319.428},{"text":"level","start":7319.428,"end":7319.637},{"text":"rise.","start":7319.669,"end":7319.957}]},{"text":"Our membership in international organizations will also persist as a necessary corollary.","start":7320.55,"end":7326.367,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise, Maritime Zones, and Statehood","description":"A major topic was the legal protection of small island and low-lying coastal States facing sea-level rise. Speakers emphasized continuity of statehood, preservation of maritime zones and entitlements, and the importance of legal certainty for affected countries."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":7320.55,"end":7320.71},{"text":"membership","start":7320.71,"end":7321.255},{"text":"in","start":7321.271,"end":7321.4},{"text":"international","start":7321.432,"end":7322.057},{"text":"organizations","start":7322.089,"end":7322.842},{"text":"will","start":7323.258,"end":7323.371},{"text":"also","start":7323.579,"end":7323.915},{"text":"persist","start":7323.915,"end":7324.412},{"text":"as","start":7324.797,"end":7324.845},{"text":"a","start":7324.941,"end":7324.957},{"text":"necessary","start":7324.957,"end":7325.678},{"text":"corollary.","start":7325.919,"end":7326.367}]},{"text":"Madam President, the resolution also advances climate justice through critical gains, including recognizing CBDR RC as a guiding principle across customary international law, recognizing historical patterns influencing climate vulnerability, affirming the state responsibility framework with full remedies, and operationalizing the duty to cooperate on finance, technology transfer, and capacity building.","start":7327.281,"end":7357.582,"topics":[{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. 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Some delegations supported this broader rights-based framing, while others questioned references to non-refoulement, group rights, or the legal scope of human rights law in climate matters."},{"key":"state-responsibility","label":"State Responsibility and Reparation","description":"Delegations discussed whether breaches of climate-related obligations can amount to internationally wrongful acts and trigger responsibility, remedies, or reparation. While some welcomed this accountability dimension, others cautioned against implying automatic liability or legal consequences beyond what the Court explicitly stated."}],"words":[{"text":"Human","start":7378.493,"end":7378.895},{"text":"rights","start":7378.895,"end":7379.168},{"text":"law,","start":7379.296,"end":7379.376},{"text":"the","start":7380.083,"end":7380.147},{"text":"law","start":7380.244,"end":7380.356},{"text":"of","start":7380.404,"end":7380.501},{"text":"the","start":7380.501,"end":7380.597},{"text":"sea,","start":7380.597,"end":7380.983},{"text":"customary","start":7381.464,"end":7382.075},{"text":"environmental","start":7382.187,"end":7382.798},{"text":"law,","start":7382.91,"end":7382.942},{"text":"and","start":7383.697,"end":7384.082},{"text":"the","start":7384.275,"end":7384.404},{"text":"law","start":7384.42,"end":7384.532},{"text":"of","start":7384.661,"end":7384.725},{"text":"state","start":7384.741,"end":7385.078},{"text":"responsibility","start":7385.078,"end":7385.849},{"text":"all","start":7386.03,"end":7386.71},{"text":"apply.","start":7386.71,"end":7388.23}]},{"text":"Climate justice requires the application of the full breadth of international law, not a siloed approach that limits accountability to the climate treaties regime alone.","start":7388.23,"end":7400.37,"topics":[{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer most. 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you, Madam President.","start":7476.172,"end":7477.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7476.172,"end":7476.479},{"text":"you,","start":7476.479,"end":7476.609},{"text":"Madam","start":7477.045,"end":7477.304},{"text":"President.","start":7477.369,"end":7477.95}]},{"text":"I make this statement on behalf of the 14 member states of the Caribbean community, CARICOM.","start":7478.84,"end":7483.443,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7478.84,"end":7478.937},{"text":"make","start":7478.937,"end":7479.179},{"text":"this","start":7479.179,"end":7479.292},{"text":"statement","start":7479.325,"end":7479.89},{"text":"on","start":7479.89,"end":7480.036},{"text":"behalf","start":7480.036,"end":7480.456},{"text":"of","start":7480.456,"end":7480.553},{"text":"the","start":7480.553,"end":7480.682},{"text":"14","start":7480.682,"end":7481.103},{"text":"member","start":7481.103,"end":7481.361},{"text":"states","start":7481.361,"end":7481.717},{"text":"of","start":7481.765,"end":7481.879},{"text":"the","start":7481.96,"end":7481.992},{"text":"Caribbean","start":7481.992,"end":7482.282},{"text":"community,","start":7482.379,"end":7482.846},{"text":"CARICOM.","start":7482.879,"end":7483.443}]},{"text":"CARICOM welcomes the adoption of the resolution on the advisory opinion of the International of Justice on the obligations of States in respect of 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record 96 states presented oral statements in the hearing, the highest level of participation in a proceeding in the history of the ICJ, reflecting the critical importance that states place on the issue of climate change.","start":7540.87,"end":7558.079,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"A","start":7540.87,"end":7541.21},{"text":"record","start":7541.21,"end":7541.71},{"text":"96","start":7541.782,"end":7542.584},{"text":"states","start":7542.584,"end":7543.098},{"text":"presented","start":7543.468,"end":7543.997},{"text":"oral","start":7544.174,"end":7544.367},{"text":"statements","start":7544.367,"end":7545.025},{"text":"in","start":7545.154,"end":7545.234},{"text":"the","start":7545.234,"end":7545.314},{"text":"hearing,","start":7545.378,"end":7545.667},{"text":"the","start":7546.197,"end":7546.358},{"text":"highest","start":7546.422,"end":7547.064},{"text":"level","start":7547.064,"end":7547.385},{"text":"of","start":7547.482,"end":7547.61},{"text":"participation","start":7547.642,"end":7548.477},{"text":"in","start":7549.007,"end":7549.087},{"text":"a","start":7549.087,"end":7549.168},{"text":"proceeding","start":7549.168,"end":7549.698},{"text":"in","start":7550.195,"end":7550.243},{"text":"the","start":7550.292,"end":7550.404},{"text":"history","start":7550.436,"end":7550.902},{"text":"of","start":7551.239,"end":7551.351},{"text":"the","start":7551.351,"end":7551.48},{"text":"ICJ,","start":7551.56,"end":7551.978},{"text":"reflecting","start":7552.764,"end":7553.31},{"text":"the","start":7553.342,"end":7553.503},{"text":"critical","start":7553.503,"end":7553.936},{"text":"importance","start":7553.985,"end":7554.595},{"text":"that","start":7555.028,"end":7555.253},{"text":"states","start":7555.253,"end":7555.751},{"text":"place","start":7555.751,"end":7556.152},{"text":"on","start":7556.233,"end":7556.313},{"text":"the","start":7556.313,"end":7556.457},{"text":"issue","start":7556.473,"end":7556.778},{"text":"of","start":7557.196,"end":7557.324},{"text":"climate","start":7557.34,"end":7557.678},{"text":"change.","start":7557.678,"end":7558.079}]},{"text":"CARICOM member states welcomed the unanimous advisory opinion of the Court, which was delivered on July 23rd, 2025.","start":7559.203,"end":7566.958,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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This included repeated references to small island developing States, least developed countries, and frontline populations facing existential and unequal harms."}],"words":[{"text":"Rather,","start":7584.68,"end":7585.72},{"text":"they","start":7585.72,"end":7585.78},{"text":"concern","start":7585.78,"end":7586.26},{"text":"an","start":7586.26,"end":7586.46},{"text":"existential","start":7586.46,"end":7587.24},{"text":"problem","start":7587.24,"end":7587.84},{"text":"of","start":7587.84,"end":7588.44},{"text":"planetary","start":7588.44,"end":7589.02},{"text":"proportions","start":7589.02,"end":7589.8},{"text":"that","start":7589.8,"end":7590.44},{"text":"imperils","start":7590.44,"end":7591.06},{"text":"all","start":7591.06,"end":7591.4},{"text":"forms","start":7591.4,"end":7591.78},{"text":"of","start":7591.78,"end":7592.06},{"text":"life","start":7592.06,"end":7592.44},{"text":"and","start":7592.44,"end":7592.92},{"text":"the","start":7592.92,"end":7593.08},{"text":"very","start":7593.08,"end":7593.36},{"text":"health","start":7593.36,"end":7593.72},{"text":"of","start":7593.75,"end":7594.05},{"text":"our","start":7594.05,"end":7594.21},{"text":"planet,","start":7594.21,"end":7594.96},{"text":"which","start":7595.29,"end":7595.29},{"text":"requires","start":7595.29,"end":7595.83},{"text":"political","start":7595.83,"end":7596.51},{"text":"and","start":7596.51,"end":7596.89},{"text":"social","start":7596.89,"end":7597.39},{"text":"follow-up","start":7597.39,"end":7597.969},{"text":"to","start":7597.969,"end":7598.349},{"text":"the","start":7598.349,"end":7598.509},{"text":"legal","start":7598.509,"end":7598.769},{"text":"findings.","start":7598.769,"end":7600.019}]},{"text":"The value of the opinion includes its holistic consideration of the international treaties, customary international law, and international human rights law that govern the questions put to the Court, and a clear elucidation of the legal obligations that arise therefrom.","start":7600.15,"end":7618.95,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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Some delegations supported this broader rights-based framing, while others questioned references to non-refoulement, group rights, or the legal scope of human rights law in climate matters."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7600.15,"end":7600.269},{"text":"value","start":7600.269,"end":7600.61},{"text":"of","start":7600.61,"end":7600.83},{"text":"the","start":7600.83,"end":7600.99},{"text":"opinion","start":7600.99,"end":7601.429},{"text":"includes","start":7601.429,"end":7602.09},{"text":"its","start":7602.09,"end":7602.369},{"text":"holistic","start":7602.369,"end":7602.93},{"text":"consideration","start":7602.93,"end":7603.81},{"text":"of","start":7603.81,"end":7604.449},{"text":"the","start":7604.449,"end":7604.609},{"text":"international","start":7604.609,"end":7605.07},{"text":"treaties,","start":7605.07,"end":7606.449},{"text":"customary","start":7606.449,"end":7606.89},{"text":"international","start":7606.89,"end":7607.43},{"text":"law,","start":7607.43,"end":7608.31},{"text":"and","start":7608.31,"end":7608.449},{"text":"international","start":7608.449,"end":7608.949},{"text":"human","start":7608.949,"end":7609.31},{"text":"rights","start":7609.31,"end":7609.63},{"text":"law","start":7609.63,"end":7610.19},{"text":"that","start":7610.19,"end":7610.55},{"text":"govern","start":7610.55,"end":7610.93},{"text":"the","start":7610.93,"end":7611.17},{"text":"questions","start":7611.17,"end":7611.59},{"text":"put","start":7611.59,"end":7611.83},{"text":"to","start":7611.83,"end":7612.03},{"text":"the","start":7612.03,"end":7612.21},{"text":"Court,","start":7612.21,"end":7612.81},{"text":"and","start":7613.11,"end":7613.17},{"text":"a","start":7613.17,"end":7613.37},{"text":"clear","start":7613.37,"end":7613.73},{"text":"elucidation","start":7613.73,"end":7614.85},{"text":"of","start":7614.85,"end":7615.11},{"text":"the","start":7615.11,"end":7615.33},{"text":"legal","start":7615.33,"end":7615.59},{"text":"obligations","start":7615.59,"end":7616.41},{"text":"that","start":7616.41,"end":7616.87},{"text":"arise","start":7616.87,"end":7617.39},{"text":"therefrom.","start":7617.39,"end":7618.95}]},{"text":"CARICOM emphasizes the importance of respect for the International Court of Justice, including in the exercise of its advisory jurisdiction, to an international order based on the rule of law.","start":7618.95,"end":7631.85,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"CARICOM","start":7618.95,"end":7619.29},{"text":"emphasizes","start":7619.29,"end":7620.07},{"text":"the","start":7620.07,"end":7620.33},{"text":"importance","start":7620.54,"end":7620.98},{"text":"of","start":7620.98,"end":7621.2},{"text":"respect","start":7621.2,"end":7621.8},{"text":"for","start":7621.8,"end":7622.32},{"text":"the","start":7622.32,"end":7622.46},{"text":"International","start":7622.46,"end":7623},{"text":"Court","start":7623,"end":7623.36},{"text":"of","start":7623.36,"end":7623.38},{"text":"Justice,","start":7623.38,"end":7624.48},{"text":"including","start":7624.719,"end":7624.94},{"text":"in","start":7624.94,"end":7625.28},{"text":"the","start":7625.28,"end":7625.28},{"text":"exercise","start":7625.28,"end":7625.9},{"text":"of","start":7625.9,"end":7626.179},{"text":"its","start":7626.179,"end":7626.48},{"text":"advisory","start":7626.48,"end":7626.94},{"text":"jurisdiction,","start":7626.94,"end":7627.79},{"text":"to","start":7628.24,"end":7628.32},{"text":"an","start":7628.32,"end":7628.52},{"text":"international","start":7628.52,"end":7629.1},{"text":"order","start":7629.1,"end":7629.76},{"text":"based","start":7629.76,"end":7630.26},{"text":"on","start":7630.26,"end":7630.56},{"text":"the","start":7630.56,"end":7630.68},{"text":"rule","start":7630.68,"end":7630.899},{"text":"of","start":7630.899,"end":7631.1},{"text":"law.","start":7631.1,"end":7631.85}]},{"text":"Significant is the Court's opinion that a breach by a State of any of the obligations identified by the Court in relation to climate change constitutes an internationally wrongful act entailing the responsibility of that State from which specified legal consequences would follow.","start":7632.56,"end":7652.37,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility","label":"State Responsibility and Reparation","description":"Delegations discussed whether breaches of climate-related obligations can amount to internationally wrongful acts and trigger responsibility, remedies, or reparation. While some welcomed this accountability dimension, others cautioned against implying automatic liability or legal consequences beyond what the Court explicitly stated."},{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7668.47,"end":7668.61},{"text":"welcome","start":7668.61,"end":7669.01},{"text":"the","start":7669.01,"end":7669.17},{"text":"inclusion","start":7669.17,"end":7669.73},{"text":"in","start":7669.73,"end":7670.03},{"text":"the","start":7670.03,"end":7670.19},{"text":"provisional","start":7670.19,"end":7670.57},{"text":"agenda","start":7670.57,"end":7671.05},{"text":"of","start":7671.05,"end":7671.77},{"text":"the","start":7671.77,"end":7671.97},{"text":"83rd","start":7671.97,"end":7672.69},{"text":"session","start":7672.71,"end":7673.37},{"text":"the","start":7673.37,"end":7673.59},{"text":"item","start":7673.59,"end":7674.11},{"text":"titled","start":7674.11,"end":7674.81},{"text":"\"Follow-up","start":7674.81,"end":7675.55},{"text":"to","start":7675.55,"end":7675.71},{"text":"the","start":7675.71,"end":7675.87},{"text":"Advisory","start":7675.87,"end":7676.27},{"text":"Opinion","start":7676.27,"end":7676.729},{"text":"of","start":7676.729,"end":7676.889},{"text":"the","start":7676.889,"end":7677.03},{"text":"International","start":7677.03,"end":7677.61},{"text":"Court","start":7677.61,"end":7677.889},{"text":"of","start":7677.889,"end":7678.03},{"text":"Justice","start":7678.03,"end":7678.589},{"text":"on","start":7678.589,"end":7679.07},{"text":"the","start":7679.07,"end":7679.17},{"text":"Obligations","start":7679.17,"end":7679.809},{"text":"of","start":7679.809,"end":7680.009},{"text":"States","start":7680.009,"end":7680.349},{"text":"in","start":7680.349,"end":7680.589},{"text":"Respect","start":7680.589,"end":7681.01},{"text":"of","start":7681.01,"end":7681.329},{"text":"Climate","start":7681.329,"end":7681.59},{"text":"Change.\"","start":7681.59,"end":7682.67}]},{"text":"In CARICOM's view, it is crucial that we not only welcome the opinion in this moment but also ensure meaningful follow-up.","start":7682.67,"end":7692.85,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":7706.768,"end":7707.01},{"text":"President,","start":7707.01,"end":7707.737},{"text":"the","start":7707.979,"end":7708.173},{"text":"Russian","start":7708.269,"end":7708.461},{"text":"Federation","start":7708.461,"end":7709.072},{"text":"has","start":7709.747,"end":7709.875},{"text":"consistently","start":7709.988,"end":7710.55},{"text":"supported","start":7710.55,"end":7711.547},{"text":"the","start":7711.579,"end":7711.675},{"text":"International","start":7711.675,"end":7712.238},{"text":"Court","start":7712.238,"end":7712.463},{"text":"of","start":7712.463,"end":7712.607},{"text":"Justice","start":7712.623,"end":7713.089},{"text":"as","start":7713.266,"end":7713.411},{"text":"the","start":7713.748,"end":7714.005},{"text":"principal","start":7714.086,"end":7714.552},{"text":"judicial","start":7714.568,"end":7715.082},{"text":"organ","start":7715.194,"end":7715.484},{"text":"of","start":7715.612,"end":7715.741},{"text":"the","start":7715.773,"end":7715.853},{"text":"world","start":7715.853,"end":7716.142},{"text":"organization,","start":7716.158,"end":7716.769},{"text":"and","start":7717.203,"end":7717.299},{"text":"we","start":7717.299,"end":7717.524},{"text":"highly","start":7717.59,"end":7717.752},{"text":"value","start":7717.768,"end":7718.191},{"text":"its","start":7718.191,"end":7718.37},{"text":"advisory","start":7718.37,"end":7718.842},{"text":"function.","start":7718.842,"end":7719.297}]},{"text":"The advisory opinion of July 23rd, 2025 is an important document, one that merits our attention.","start":7720.793,"end":7730.11,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Attempts","start":7847.883,"end":7848.365},{"text":"to","start":7848.365,"end":7848.669},{"text":"present","start":7848.669,"end":7849.23},{"text":"this","start":7849.23,"end":7849.471},{"text":"resolution","start":7849.471,"end":7850.177},{"text":"as","start":7850.433,"end":7850.658},{"text":"evidence","start":7850.834,"end":7851.363},{"text":"of","start":7851.716,"end":7851.941},{"text":"the","start":7851.973,"end":7852.133},{"text":"formation","start":7852.133,"end":7852.743},{"text":"of","start":7852.951,"end":7853.031},{"text":"a","start":7853.095,"end":7853.111},{"text":"new","start":7853.111,"end":7853.352},{"text":"norm","start":7853.496,"end":7853.705},{"text":"of","start":7853.801,"end":7853.897},{"text":"international","start":7853.897,"end":7854.667},{"text":"law","start":7854.763,"end":7854.859},{"text":"do","start":7855.1,"end":7855.26},{"text":"not","start":7855.26,"end":7855.517},{"text":"hold","start":7855.565,"end":7855.918},{"text":"Water.","start":7856.18,"end":7857.23}]},{"text":"The Russian Federation does not agree with the description of the obligations to protect the climate system as erga omnes obligations.","start":7857.23,"end":7867.52,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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While some welcomed this accountability dimension, others cautioned against implying automatic liability or legal consequences beyond what the Court explicitly stated."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7857.23,"end":7857.41},{"text":"Russian","start":7857.41,"end":7857.79},{"text":"Federation","start":7857.79,"end":7858.61},{"text":"does","start":7858.61,"end":7859.05},{"text":"not","start":7859.05,"end":7859.47},{"text":"agree","start":7859.47,"end":7859.79},{"text":"with","start":7859.79,"end":7860.269},{"text":"the","start":7860.269,"end":7860.81},{"text":"description","start":7860.81,"end":7861.269},{"text":"of","start":7861.269,"end":7861.71},{"text":"the","start":7861.71,"end":7861.909},{"text":"obligations","start":7861.909,"end":7862.689},{"text":"to","start":7862.689,"end":7863.149},{"text":"protect","start":7863.149,"end":7864.009},{"text":"the","start":7864.009,"end":7864.41},{"text":"climate","start":7864.41,"end":7864.749},{"text":"system","start":7864.749,"end":7865.31},{"text":"as","start":7865.31,"end":7865.69},{"text":"erga","start":7865.69,"end":7866.03},{"text":"omnes","start":7866.03,"end":7866.37},{"text":"obligations.","start":7866.37,"end":7867.52}]},{"text":"We proceed from the understanding that the main source of climate-related norms is the specialized treaty architecture, including the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement.","start":7867.929,"end":7881.29,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7867.929,"end":7868.009},{"text":"proceed","start":7868.009,"end":7868.49},{"text":"from","start":7868.49,"end":7868.669},{"text":"the","start":7868.669,"end":7868.79},{"text":"understanding","start":7868.79,"end":7869.27},{"text":"that","start":7869.27,"end":7869.57},{"text":"the","start":7869.57,"end":7869.79},{"text":"main","start":7869.79,"end":7870.03},{"text":"source","start":7870.03,"end":7870.55},{"text":"of","start":7870.55,"end":7870.91},{"text":"climate-related","start":7870.91,"end":7871.65},{"text":"norms","start":7871.65,"end":7872.19},{"text":"is","start":7872.19,"end":7872.89},{"text":"the","start":7872.89,"end":7873.11},{"text":"specialized","start":7873.11,"end":7873.75},{"text":"treaty","start":7873.75,"end":7874.27},{"text":"architecture,","start":7874.27,"end":7875.47},{"text":"including","start":7875.47,"end":7876.11},{"text":"the","start":7876.11,"end":7876.39},{"text":"UN","start":7876.39,"end":7876.77},{"text":"Framework","start":7876.77,"end":7877.09},{"text":"Convention","start":7877.09,"end":7877.51},{"text":"on","start":7877.51,"end":7877.69},{"text":"Climate","start":7877.69,"end":7878.03},{"text":"Change,","start":7878.03,"end":7878.69},{"text":"the","start":7878.69,"end":7878.69},{"text":"Kyoto","start":7878.69,"end":7879.13},{"text":"Protocol,","start":7879.13,"end":7879.89},{"text":"and","start":7879.89,"end":7879.99},{"text":"the","start":7879.99,"end":7880.03},{"text":"Paris","start":7880.03,"end":7880.45},{"text":"Agreement.","start":7880.45,"end":7881.29}]},{"text":"Attempts to make the obligations in this area universal in the absence of the directly expressed consent of all states would contradict the fundamental principles of international law, including the principle of the sovereign equality of states.","start":7882.313,"end":7899.155,"topics":[{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"Attempts","start":7882.313,"end":7882.746},{"text":"to","start":7883.034,"end":7883.371},{"text":"make","start":7884.06,"end":7884.332},{"text":"the","start":7884.38,"end":7884.541},{"text":"obligations","start":7884.541,"end":7885.246},{"text":"in","start":7885.422,"end":7885.47},{"text":"this","start":7885.518,"end":7885.935},{"text":"area","start":7886.143,"end":7886.576},{"text":"universal","start":7886.704,"end":7887.665},{"text":"in","start":7887.922,"end":7888.018},{"text":"the","start":7888.066,"end":7888.242},{"text":"absence","start":7888.306,"end":7888.867},{"text":"of","start":7888.947,"end":7889.092},{"text":"the","start":7889.124,"end":7889.284},{"text":"directly","start":7889.284,"end":7889.829},{"text":"expressed","start":7889.829,"end":7890.566},{"text":"consent","start":7890.566,"end":7891.143},{"text":"of","start":7891.207,"end":7891.367},{"text":"all","start":7891.431,"end":7891.479},{"text":"states","start":7891.608,"end":7892.104},{"text":"would","start":7892.489,"end":7892.713},{"text":"contradict","start":7892.713,"end":7893.322},{"text":"the","start":7893.434,"end":7893.531},{"text":"fundamental","start":7893.531,"end":7894.124},{"text":"principles","start":7894.172,"end":7894.781},{"text":"of","start":7894.877,"end":7894.989},{"text":"international","start":7894.989,"end":7895.758},{"text":"law,","start":7895.758,"end":7895.886},{"text":"including","start":7896.335,"end":7896.944},{"text":"the","start":7897.12,"end":7897.297},{"text":"principle","start":7897.297,"end":7897.729},{"text":"of","start":7897.777,"end":7897.857},{"text":"the","start":7897.857,"end":7897.938},{"text":"sovereign","start":7897.938,"end":7898.226},{"text":"equality","start":7898.258,"end":7898.643},{"text":"of","start":7898.643,"end":7898.691},{"text":"states.","start":7898.723,"end":7899.155}]},{"text":"The draft resolution creates the false impression that limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius is allegedly a mandatory goal.","start":7900.758,"end":7913.239,"topics":[{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7900.758,"end":7900.982},{"text":"draft","start":7900.982,"end":7901.303},{"text":"resolution","start":7901.303,"end":7901.912},{"text":"creates","start":7901.928,"end":7902.344},{"text":"the","start":7902.344,"end":7902.473},{"text":"false","start":7902.489,"end":7902.777},{"text":"impression","start":7902.889,"end":7903.434},{"text":"that","start":7904.011,"end":7904.348},{"text":"limiting","start":7904.748,"end":7905.117},{"text":"global","start":7905.229,"end":7905.694},{"text":"warming","start":7905.71,"end":7906.078},{"text":"to","start":7906.335,"end":7906.607},{"text":"1.5","start":7906.98,"end":7908.16},{"text":"degrees","start":7908.16,"end":7908.24},{"text":"Celsius","start":7908.24,"end":7908.9},{"text":"is","start":7908.9,"end":7909.5},{"text":"allegedly","start":7909.5,"end":7910.38},{"text":"a","start":7910.38,"end":7910.88},{"text":"mandatory","start":7910.88,"end":7911.579},{"text":"goal.","start":7911.579,"end":7913.239}]},{"text":"In Article 2, Paragraph 1A of the Paris Agreement, it states, and I quote, \"Holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 degrees Celsius and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius.\"","start":7913.239,"end":7932.08,"topics":[{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7913.239,"end":7913.279},{"text":"Article","start":7913.279,"end":7913.819},{"text":"2,","start":7913.819,"end":7914.84},{"text":"Paragraph","start":7914.84,"end":7915.28},{"text":"1A","start":7915.28,"end":7915.94},{"text":"of","start":7915.94,"end":7916.16},{"text":"the","start":7916.16,"end":7916.259},{"text":"Paris","start":7916.259,"end":7916.72},{"text":"Agreement,","start":7916.72,"end":7917.86},{"text":"it","start":7917.86,"end":7917.86},{"text":"states,","start":7917.86,"end":7918.72},{"text":"and","start":7918.72,"end":7918.94},{"text":"I","start":7918.94,"end":7919.099},{"text":"quote,","start":7919.099,"end":7919.65},{"text":"\"Holding","start":7920.14,"end":7920.7},{"text":"the","start":7920.7,"end":7921},{"text":"increase","start":7921,"end":7921.48},{"text":"in","start":7921.48,"end":7921.82},{"text":"the","start":7921.82,"end":7921.96},{"text":"global","start":7921.96,"end":7922.44},{"text":"average","start":7922.44,"end":7923.06},{"text":"temperature","start":7923.06,"end":7923.64},{"text":"to","start":7923.64,"end":7923.98},{"text":"well","start":7923.98,"end":7924.32},{"text":"below","start":7924.32,"end":7924.7},{"text":"2","start":7924.7,"end":7925.12},{"text":"degrees","start":7925.12,"end":7925.48},{"text":"Celsius","start":7925.48,"end":7926.08},{"text":"and","start":7926.08,"end":7926.7},{"text":"pursuing","start":7926.7,"end":7927.32},{"text":"efforts","start":7927.32,"end":7927.82},{"text":"to","start":7927.82,"end":7928.1},{"text":"limit","start":7928.1,"end":7928.48},{"text":"the","start":7928.48,"end":7928.74},{"text":"temperature","start":7928.74,"end":7929.18},{"text":"increase","start":7929.18,"end":7929.74},{"text":"to","start":7929.74,"end":7930.16},{"text":"1.5","start":7930.16,"end":7931.18},{"text":"degrees","start":7931.18,"end":7931.52},{"text":"Celsius.\"","start":7931.52,"end":7932.08}]},{"text":"End quote.","start":7932.51,"end":7935.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"End","start":7932.51,"end":7933.29},{"text":"quote.","start":7933.29,"end":7935.15}]},{"text":"1.5 degrees is an ambitious political goal, but in no way is it a legally binding threshold.","start":7935.15,"end":7942.36,"topics":[{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."}],"words":[{"text":"1.5","start":7935.15,"end":7935.69},{"text":"degrees","start":7935.69,"end":7936.07},{"text":"is","start":7936.07,"end":7936.63},{"text":"an","start":7936.63,"end":7936.99},{"text":"ambitious","start":7936.99,"end":7937.49},{"text":"political","start":7937.49,"end":7938.189},{"text":"goal,","start":7938.189,"end":7938.91},{"text":"but","start":7938.91,"end":7939.13},{"text":"in","start":7939.13,"end":7939.309},{"text":"no","start":7939.309,"end":7939.649},{"text":"way","start":7939.649,"end":7940.01},{"text":"is","start":7940.01,"end":7940.269},{"text":"it","start":7940.269,"end":7940.49},{"text":"a","start":7940.49,"end":7940.59},{"text":"legally","start":7940.59,"end":7940.99},{"text":"binding","start":7940.99,"end":7941.51},{"text":"threshold.","start":7941.51,"end":7942.36}]},{"text":"The decisions of the Conference of the Parties that the authors refer to are political rather than normative.","start":7942.99,"end":7949.23,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7942.99,"end":7943.049},{"text":"decisions","start":7943.049,"end":7943.59},{"text":"of","start":7943.59,"end":7943.85},{"text":"the","start":7943.85,"end":7943.97},{"text":"Conference","start":7943.97,"end":7944.209},{"text":"of","start":7944.209,"end":7944.369},{"text":"the","start":7944.369,"end":7944.57},{"text":"Parties","start":7944.57,"end":7945.01},{"text":"that","start":7945.01,"end":7945.23},{"text":"the","start":7945.23,"end":7945.45},{"text":"authors","start":7945.45,"end":7945.789},{"text":"refer","start":7945.789,"end":7946.23},{"text":"to","start":7946.23,"end":7946.59},{"text":"are","start":7946.59,"end":7946.95},{"text":"political","start":7946.95,"end":7947.51},{"text":"rather","start":7947.51,"end":7947.91},{"text":"than","start":7947.91,"end":7948.23},{"text":"normative.","start":7948.23,"end":7949.23}]},{"text":"Imposing 1.5 degrees Celsius through a resolution of the General Assembly as allegedly being an obligation is an attempt to revisit the Paris Agreement in circumvention of the established procedures.","start":7950.21,"end":7964.634,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."},{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."}],"words":[{"text":"Imposing","start":7950.21,"end":7950.65},{"text":"1.5","start":7950.65,"end":7951.73},{"text":"degrees","start":7951.73,"end":7951.85},{"text":"Celsius","start":7951.85,"end":7952.35},{"text":"through","start":7952.35,"end":7952.89},{"text":"a","start":7952.89,"end":7953.33},{"text":"resolution","start":7953.33,"end":7953.81},{"text":"of","start":7953.81,"end":7954.09},{"text":"the","start":7954.09,"end":7954.21},{"text":"General","start":7954.21,"end":7954.47},{"text":"Assembly","start":7954.47,"end":7955.17},{"text":"as","start":7955.17,"end":7956.07},{"text":"allegedly","start":7956.07,"end":7956.87},{"text":"being","start":7956.87,"end":7957.31},{"text":"an","start":7957.31,"end":7957.59},{"text":"obligation","start":7957.59,"end":7958.29},{"text":"is","start":7958.964,"end":7959.093},{"text":"an","start":7959.125,"end":7959.205},{"text":"attempt","start":7959.205,"end":7959.671},{"text":"to","start":7959.671,"end":7959.8},{"text":"revisit","start":7959.992,"end":7960.538},{"text":"the","start":7960.731,"end":7960.828},{"text":"Paris","start":7960.892,"end":7961.181},{"text":"Agreement","start":7961.293,"end":7961.872},{"text":"in","start":7962.161,"end":7962.225},{"text":"circumvention","start":7962.273,"end":7963.333},{"text":"of","start":7963.462,"end":7963.606},{"text":"the","start":7963.606,"end":7963.686},{"text":"established","start":7963.686,"end":7964.088},{"text":"procedures.","start":7964.088,"end":7964.634}]},{"text":"The draft resolution calls for transitioning away from fossil fuels in energy systems, and yet neither the UNFCCC nor the Paris Agreement contain a prohibition on their extraction or use.","start":7965.614,"end":7978.784,"topics":[{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."},{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7965.614,"end":7965.71},{"text":"draft","start":7965.71,"end":7965.983},{"text":"resolution","start":7966.015,"end":7966.642},{"text":"calls","start":7966.899,"end":7967.204},{"text":"for","start":7967.316,"end":7967.493},{"text":"transitioning","start":7967.862,"end":7968.553},{"text":"away","start":7968.746,"end":7969.083},{"text":"from","start":7969.083,"end":7969.356},{"text":"fossil","start":7969.404,"end":7969.774},{"text":"fuels","start":7969.806,"end":7970.256},{"text":"in","start":7970.352,"end":7970.497},{"text":"energy","start":7970.593,"end":7970.898},{"text":"systems,","start":7970.994,"end":7971.621},{"text":"and","start":7972.199,"end":7972.279},{"text":"yet","start":7972.279,"end":7972.601},{"text":"neither","start":7972.601,"end":7972.938},{"text":"the","start":7972.938,"end":7973.179},{"text":"UNFCCC","start":7973.179,"end":7973.629},{"text":"nor","start":7974.223,"end":7974.48},{"text":"the","start":7974.48,"end":7974.624},{"text":"Paris","start":7974.624,"end":7974.962},{"text":"Agreement","start":7974.962,"end":7975.492},{"text":"contain","start":7975.749,"end":7976.182},{"text":"a","start":7976.311,"end":7976.327},{"text":"prohibition","start":7976.391,"end":7977.066},{"text":"on","start":7977.339,"end":7977.403},{"text":"their","start":7977.58,"end":7977.708},{"text":"extraction","start":7977.756,"end":7978.206},{"text":"or","start":7978.383,"end":7978.543},{"text":"use.","start":7978.543,"end":7978.784}]},{"text":"Moreover, in its advisory opinion, the Court clearly stated that greenhouse gas emissions by themselves do not constitute an unlawful act.","start":7979.443,"end":7990.509,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility","label":"State Responsibility and Reparation","description":"Delegations discussed whether breaches of climate-related obligations can amount to internationally wrongful acts and trigger responsibility, remedies, or reparation. While some welcomed this accountability dimension, others cautioned against implying automatic liability or legal consequences beyond what the Court explicitly stated."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":7979.443,"end":7980.021},{"text":"in","start":7980.647,"end":7980.744},{"text":"its","start":7980.744,"end":7980.904},{"text":"advisory","start":7980.904,"end":7981.418},{"text":"opinion,","start":7981.434,"end":7981.9},{"text":"the","start":7982.27,"end":7982.478},{"text":"Court","start":7982.478,"end":7982.848},{"text":"clearly","start":7982.912,"end":7983.426},{"text":"stated","start":7983.619,"end":7984.229},{"text":"that","start":7984.41,"end":7984.79},{"text":"greenhouse","start":7984.79,"end":7985.19},{"text":"gas","start":7985.19,"end":7985.57},{"text":"emissions","start":7985.57,"end":7986.03},{"text":"by","start":7986.03,"end":7986.37},{"text":"themselves","start":7986.37,"end":7987.23},{"text":"do","start":7987.23,"end":7987.71},{"text":"not","start":7987.71,"end":7988.01},{"text":"constitute","start":7988.01,"end":7988.57},{"text":"an","start":7988.57,"end":7988.91},{"text":"unlawful","start":7988.91,"end":7989.31},{"text":"act.","start":7989.31,"end":7990.509}]},{"text":"On the whole, as far as energy is concerned, we proceed from the understanding that the provisions of paragraphs 28, 29, and 154 of the outcome of the first global stocktake, that is, Decision 1/CMA.5, they are the result of a complex compromise and must be considered in their entirety and as they are interrelated.","start":7991.49,"end":8015.39,"topics":[{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."},{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. 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Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8016.8,"end":8016.84},{"text":"connection","start":8016.84,"end":8017.12},{"text":"with","start":8017.12,"end":8017.4},{"text":"the","start":8017.4,"end":8017.52},{"text":"reference","start":8017.52,"end":8017.879},{"text":"to","start":8017.879,"end":8018.419},{"text":"the","start":8018.419,"end":8018.64},{"text":"advisory","start":8018.64,"end":8018.959},{"text":"opinion","start":8018.959,"end":8019.28},{"text":"of","start":8019.28,"end":8019.419},{"text":"the","start":8019.419,"end":8019.56},{"text":"International","start":8019.56,"end":8019.919},{"text":"Tribunal","start":8019.919,"end":8020.44},{"text":"on","start":8020.44,"end":8020.679},{"text":"the","start":8020.679,"end":8020.78},{"text":"Law","start":8020.78,"end":8020.9},{"text":"of","start":8020.9,"end":8021.08},{"text":"the","start":8021.08,"end":8021.379},{"text":"Sea","start":8021.379,"end":8021.539},{"text":"from","start":8021.539,"end":8021.88},{"text":"the","start":8021.88,"end":8021.96},{"text":"21st","start":8021.96,"end":8022.779},{"text":"of","start":8022.779,"end":8022.9},{"text":"May,","start":8022.9,"end":8023.439},{"text":"2024,","start":8023.439,"end":8025.14},{"text":"we","start":8025.14,"end":8025.3},{"text":"note","start":8025.3,"end":8025.74},{"text":"that","start":8025.74,"end":8026.3},{"text":"the","start":8026.3,"end":8026.46},{"text":"UN","start":8026.46,"end":8026.8},{"text":"Convention","start":8026.8,"end":8027.359},{"text":"on","start":8027.359,"end":8027.66},{"text":"the","start":8027.66,"end":8027.88},{"text":"Law","start":8027.88,"end":8028.24},{"text":"of","start":8028.24,"end":8028.5},{"text":"the","start":8028.5,"end":8028.58},{"text":"Sea","start":8028.58,"end":8029.1},{"text":"of","start":8029.1,"end":8029.359},{"text":"1982","start":8029.359,"end":8030.28},{"text":"does","start":8030.28,"end":8031.2},{"text":"not","start":8031.2,"end":8032.1},{"text":"provide","start":8032.1,"end":8032.92},{"text":"independent","start":8032.92,"end":8033.92},{"text":"or","start":8033.92,"end":8034.12},{"text":"individual-specific","start":8034.12,"end":8035.02},{"text":"obligations","start":8035.02,"end":8035.66},{"text":"in","start":8035.66,"end":8035.82},{"text":"respect","start":8035.82,"end":8036.16},{"text":"of","start":8036.16,"end":8036.38},{"text":"climate","start":8036.38,"end":8036.72},{"text":"change,","start":8036.72,"end":8037.57},{"text":"and","start":8037.6,"end":8037.92},{"text":"combating","start":8037.92,"end":8038.4},{"text":"the","start":8038.4,"end":8038.58},{"text":"negative","start":8038.58,"end":8039.02},{"text":"consequences","start":8039.02,"end":8039.74},{"text":"of","start":8039.74,"end":8040.04},{"text":"that","start":8040.04,"end":8040.24},{"text":"phenomenon","start":8040.24,"end":8040.7},{"text":"does","start":8040.7,"end":8040.94},{"text":"not","start":8040.94,"end":8041.3},{"text":"fall","start":8041.32,"end":8041.48},{"text":"within","start":8041.48,"end":8041.7},{"text":"its","start":8041.7,"end":8042},{"text":"scope.","start":8042,"end":8042.75}]},{"text":"In that regard, we consider that from the very beginning, the Tribunal did not have jurisdiction to provide conclusions on climate-related issues.","start":8043.14,"end":8052.92,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8043.14,"end":8043.18},{"text":"that","start":8043.18,"end":8043.44},{"text":"regard,","start":8043.44,"end":8044.09},{"text":"we","start":8044.62,"end":8044.62},{"text":"consider","start":8044.62,"end":8045.2},{"text":"that","start":8045.2,"end":8045.659},{"text":"from","start":8045.659,"end":8045.959},{"text":"the","start":8045.959,"end":8046.14},{"text":"very","start":8046.14,"end":8046.32},{"text":"beginning,","start":8046.32,"end":8047.039},{"text":"the","start":8047.039,"end":8047.079},{"text":"Tribunal","start":8047.079,"end":8047.68},{"text":"did","start":8047.68,"end":8047.98},{"text":"not","start":8047.98,"end":8048.339},{"text":"have","start":8048.339,"end":8048.619},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":8048.619,"end":8049.28},{"text":"to","start":8049.28,"end":8049.78},{"text":"provide","start":8049.78,"end":8050.28},{"text":"conclusions","start":8050.28,"end":8050.9},{"text":"on","start":8050.9,"end":8051.3},{"text":"climate-related","start":8051.3,"end":8051.92},{"text":"issues.","start":8051.92,"end":8052.92}]},{"text":"Many States Parties to the Convention share that position.","start":8052.92,"end":8055.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Many","start":8052.92,"end":8053.04},{"text":"States","start":8053.04,"end":8053.34},{"text":"Parties","start":8053.34,"end":8053.66},{"text":"to","start":8053.66,"end":8053.8},{"text":"the","start":8053.8,"end":8053.9},{"text":"Convention","start":8053.9,"end":8054.359},{"text":"share","start":8054.359,"end":8054.9},{"text":"that","start":8054.9,"end":8055.12},{"text":"position.","start":8055.12,"end":8055.87}]},{"text":"The draft resolution refers to the principle of non-refoulement as it applies to persons that have moved across borders in connection with climate factors.","start":8057.099,"end":8066.98,"topics":[{"key":"human-rights","label":"Human Rights and Climate Impacts","description":"Several statements linked climate change to human rights obligations, including protection of life, livelihoods, and vulnerable persons. Some delegations supported this broader rights-based framing, while others questioned references to non-refoulement, group rights, or the legal scope of human rights law in climate matters."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8057.099,"end":8057.24},{"text":"draft","start":8057.24,"end":8057.54},{"text":"resolution","start":8057.54,"end":8058.22},{"text":"refers","start":8058.22,"end":8058.86},{"text":"to","start":8058.86,"end":8059.3},{"text":"the","start":8059.3,"end":8059.3},{"text":"principle","start":8059.3,"end":8059.78},{"text":"of","start":8059.78,"end":8060.18},{"text":"non-refoulement","start":8060.3,"end":8061.2},{"text":"as","start":8061.2,"end":8061.48},{"text":"it","start":8061.48,"end":8061.58},{"text":"applies","start":8061.58,"end":8061.92},{"text":"to","start":8061.92,"end":8062.16},{"text":"persons","start":8062.16,"end":8062.62},{"text":"that","start":8062.62,"end":8062.98},{"text":"have","start":8062.98,"end":8063.6},{"text":"moved","start":8063.6,"end":8064},{"text":"across","start":8064,"end":8064.4},{"text":"borders","start":8064.4,"end":8064.92},{"text":"in","start":8064.92,"end":8065.22},{"text":"connection","start":8065.22,"end":8065.68},{"text":"with","start":8065.68,"end":8065.98},{"text":"climate","start":8065.98,"end":8066.32},{"text":"factors.","start":8066.32,"end":8066.98}]},{"text":"The principle of non-refoulement enshrined in the 1951 Refugee Convention and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is related to threats of persecution or threat to life.","start":8067,"end":8081.47,"topics":[{"key":"human-rights","label":"Human Rights and Climate Impacts","description":"Several statements linked climate change to human rights obligations, including protection of life, livelihoods, and vulnerable persons. 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Some delegations supported this broader rights-based framing, while others questioned references to non-refoulement, group rights, or the legal scope of human rights law in climate matters."}],"words":[{"text":"No","start":8081.76,"end":8081.96},{"text":"universal","start":8081.96,"end":8082.74},{"text":"consent","start":8082.74,"end":8083.44},{"text":"for","start":8083.44,"end":8083.86},{"text":"extending","start":8083.86,"end":8084.42},{"text":"that","start":8084.42,"end":8084.76},{"text":"principle","start":8084.76,"end":8085.18},{"text":"to","start":8085.18,"end":8085.76},{"text":"so-called","start":8085.76,"end":8086.18},{"text":"climate","start":8086.18,"end":8086.62},{"text":"migration","start":8086.62,"end":8087.22},{"text":"exists.","start":8087.22,"end":8088.67}]},{"text":"The Russian delegation also does not support the request for a Secretary-General's report on ways to advance compliance with all obligations, analyzing possible gaps in international efforts to combat climate change.","start":8089.36,"end":8103.29,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. 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A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"Creating","start":8110.61,"end":8111.11},{"text":"a","start":8111.11,"end":8111.43},{"text":"parallel","start":8111.43,"end":8111.91},{"text":"process","start":8111.91,"end":8112.43},{"text":"under","start":8112.43,"end":8112.69},{"text":"the","start":8112.69,"end":8112.87},{"text":"auspices","start":8112.87,"end":8113.25},{"text":"of","start":8113.25,"end":8113.45},{"text":"the","start":8113.45,"end":8113.71},{"text":"General","start":8113.71,"end":8113.93},{"text":"Assembly","start":8113.93,"end":8114.57},{"text":"will","start":8114.57,"end":8115.15},{"text":"lead","start":8115.15,"end":8115.47},{"text":"to","start":8115.47,"end":8116.09},{"text":"a","start":8116.09,"end":8116.23},{"text":"waste","start":8116.23,"end":8116.71},{"text":"of","start":8116.71,"end":8116.83},{"text":"resources.","start":8116.83,"end":8117.49}]},{"text":"It will undermine the fragile consensus within the Conference of the Parties to the FCCC, and it will lead to the fragmentation of the international climate regime.","start":8117.49,"end":8124.806,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8117.49,"end":8117.49},{"text":"will","start":8117.49,"end":8117.63},{"text":"undermine","start":8117.63,"end":8117.99},{"text":"the","start":8117.99,"end":8118.17},{"text":"fragile","start":8118.17,"end":8118.45},{"text":"consensus","start":8118.56,"end":8119.25},{"text":"within","start":8119.298,"end":8119.507},{"text":"the","start":8119.619,"end":8119.828},{"text":"Conference","start":8120.278,"end":8120.518},{"text":"of","start":8120.518,"end":8120.599},{"text":"the","start":8120.599,"end":8120.679},{"text":"Parties","start":8120.679,"end":8121.048},{"text":"to","start":8121.08,"end":8121.177},{"text":"the","start":8121.177,"end":8121.305},{"text":"FCCC,","start":8121.305,"end":8121.948},{"text":"and","start":8122.028,"end":8122.188},{"text":"it","start":8122.188,"end":8122.221},{"text":"will","start":8122.221,"end":8122.349},{"text":"lead","start":8122.349,"end":8122.494},{"text":"to","start":8122.51,"end":8122.606},{"text":"the","start":8122.606,"end":8122.75},{"text":"fragmentation","start":8122.75,"end":8123.393},{"text":"of","start":8123.409,"end":8123.489},{"text":"the","start":8123.489,"end":8123.569},{"text":"international","start":8123.569,"end":8124.051},{"text":"climate","start":8124.051,"end":8124.34},{"text":"regime.","start":8124.372,"end":8124.806}]},{"text":"Madam President, the results of the vote on this resolution, the number of amendments that were submitted to it, and states' statements expressing clear discontent with its provisions are an ambiguous indication that nothing in its text can be considered to be evidence of the emergence of any new norms of international law or any obligations under international law.","start":8125.817,"end":8149.584,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":8125.817,"end":8126.01},{"text":"President,","start":8126.058,"end":8126.62},{"text":"the","start":8126.845,"end":8127.102},{"text":"results","start":8127.182,"end":8127.744},{"text":"of","start":8127.889,"end":8128.033},{"text":"the","start":8128.049,"end":8128.146},{"text":"vote","start":8128.146,"end":8128.611},{"text":"on","start":8128.692,"end":8128.756},{"text":"this","start":8128.788,"end":8128.9},{"text":"resolution,","start":8129.013,"end":8129.559},{"text":"the","start":8129.671,"end":8129.944},{"text":"number","start":8130.297,"end":8130.635},{"text":"of","start":8130.795,"end":8130.94},{"text":"amendments","start":8130.94,"end":8131.743},{"text":"that","start":8131.743,"end":8131.871},{"text":"were","start":8131.919,"end":8132.016},{"text":"submitted","start":8132.016,"end":8132.481},{"text":"to","start":8132.481,"end":8132.706},{"text":"it,","start":8132.722,"end":8132.867},{"text":"and","start":8133.027,"end":8133.14},{"text":"states'","start":8133.14,"end":8133.605},{"text":"statements","start":8133.669,"end":8134.392},{"text":"expressing","start":8134.713,"end":8135.982},{"text":"clear","start":8136.078,"end":8136.255},{"text":"discontent","start":8136.255,"end":8136.817},{"text":"with","start":8136.817,"end":8136.913},{"text":"its","start":8136.913,"end":8137.025},{"text":"provisions","start":8137.058,"end":8137.668},{"text":"are","start":8138.085,"end":8138.326},{"text":"an","start":8138.406,"end":8139.033},{"text":"ambiguous","start":8139.081,"end":8139.579},{"text":"indication","start":8140.108,"end":8140.638},{"text":"that","start":8141.072,"end":8141.232},{"text":"nothing","start":8141.248,"end":8141.65},{"text":"in","start":8141.714,"end":8141.794},{"text":"its","start":8141.794,"end":8141.907},{"text":"text","start":8141.955,"end":8142.372},{"text":"can","start":8142.501,"end":8142.629},{"text":"be","start":8142.758,"end":8142.918},{"text":"considered","start":8142.918,"end":8143.384},{"text":"to","start":8143.48,"end":8143.641},{"text":"be","start":8143.641,"end":8143.786},{"text":"evidence","start":8143.786,"end":8144.267},{"text":"of","start":8144.267,"end":8144.331},{"text":"the","start":8144.348,"end":8144.444},{"text":"emergence","start":8144.444,"end":8144.99},{"text":"of","start":8144.99,"end":8145.038},{"text":"any","start":8145.15,"end":8145.375},{"text":"new","start":8145.391,"end":8145.648},{"text":"norms","start":8145.648,"end":8146.001},{"text":"of","start":8146.05,"end":8146.194},{"text":"international","start":8146.194,"end":8148.474},{"text":"law","start":8146.756,"end":8146.885},{"text":"or","start":8147.319,"end":8147.511},{"text":"any","start":8147.56,"end":8147.704},{"text":"obligations","start":8147.736,"end":8148.427},{"text":"under","start":8148.459,"end":8148.764},{"text":"international","start":8148.78,"end":8149.471},{"text":"law.","start":8149.487,"end":8149.584}]},{"text":"Consequently, there is not, nor can there be, any basis for asserting the existence of opinio juris.","start":8150.226,"end":8157.135,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Consequently,","start":8150.226,"end":8150.998},{"text":"there","start":8151.431,"end":8151.544},{"text":"is","start":8151.672,"end":8151.801},{"text":"not,","start":8151.833,"end":8152.154},{"text":"nor","start":8152.235,"end":8152.476},{"text":"can","start":8152.476,"end":8152.684},{"text":"there","start":8152.717,"end":8152.958},{"text":"be,","start":8152.958,"end":8153.182},{"text":"any","start":8153.343,"end":8153.568},{"text":"basis","start":8153.6,"end":8154.146},{"text":"for","start":8154.146,"end":8154.275},{"text":"asserting","start":8154.387,"end":8154.853},{"text":"the","start":8155.03,"end":8155.175},{"text":"existence","start":8155.191,"end":8155.753},{"text":"of","start":8155.833,"end":8155.994},{"text":"opinio","start":8155.994,"end":8156.637},{"text":"juris.","start":8156.637,"end":8157.135}]},{"text":"The Russian Federation calls for the continuation of constructive cooperation in the climate sphere on the basis of genuine consensus within the specialized negotiating formats, first and foremost, the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement.","start":8157.617,"end":8173.425,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8157.617,"end":8157.681},{"text":"Russian","start":8157.681,"end":8157.986},{"text":"Federation","start":8158.002,"end":8158.629},{"text":"calls","start":8159.223,"end":8159.512},{"text":"for","start":8159.625,"end":8159.962},{"text":"the","start":8160.107,"end":8160.251},{"text":"continuation","start":8160.251,"end":8160.846},{"text":"of","start":8160.846,"end":8160.91},{"text":"constructive","start":8160.91,"end":8161.472},{"text":"cooperation","start":8161.537,"end":8162.163},{"text":"in","start":8162.42,"end":8162.485},{"text":"the","start":8162.581,"end":8162.661},{"text":"climate","start":8162.661,"end":8163.191},{"text":"sphere","start":8163.24,"end":8163.657},{"text":"on","start":8164.268,"end":8164.332},{"text":"the","start":8164.364,"end":8164.461},{"text":"basis","start":8164.461,"end":8164.862},{"text":"of","start":8164.991,"end":8165.071},{"text":"genuine","start":8165.328,"end":8165.826},{"text":"consensus","start":8165.955,"end":8166.79},{"text":"within","start":8167.095,"end":8167.465},{"text":"the","start":8167.738,"end":8167.931},{"text":"specialized","start":8167.979,"end":8168.622},{"text":"negotiating","start":8168.622,"end":8169.553},{"text":"formats,","start":8169.923,"end":8170.389},{"text":"first","start":8170.453,"end":8170.646},{"text":"and","start":8170.646,"end":8170.71},{"text":"foremost,","start":8170.71,"end":8171.096},{"text":"the","start":8171.112,"end":8171.305},{"text":"UNFCCC","start":8171.353,"end":8172.172},{"text":"and","start":8172.461,"end":8172.558},{"text":"the","start":8172.558,"end":8172.638},{"text":"Paris","start":8172.638,"end":8172.911},{"text":"Agreement.","start":8173.024,"end":8173.425}]},{"text":"This draft unfortunately goes in the opposite direction.","start":8173.59,"end":8177.62,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":8173.59,"end":8174.31},{"text":"draft","start":8174.31,"end":8174.67},{"text":"unfortunately","start":8174.67,"end":8175.51},{"text":"goes","start":8175.51,"end":8175.81},{"text":"in","start":8175.81,"end":8175.99},{"text":"the","start":8175.99,"end":8176.15},{"text":"opposite","start":8176.15,"end":8176.57},{"text":"direction.","start":8176.57,"end":8177.62}]},{"text":"It imposes contentious non-consensus elements, ignoring states' positions, undermining the integrity of the climate regime, and it creates parallel unjustified mechanisms.","start":8177.729,"end":8191.53,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8177.729,"end":8177.729},{"text":"imposes","start":8177.729,"end":8179.71},{"text":"contentious","start":8179.71,"end":8182.15},{"text":"non-consensus","start":8182.15,"end":8182.89},{"text":"elements,","start":8182.89,"end":8183.67},{"text":"ignoring","start":8183.67,"end":8183.869},{"text":"states'","start":8183.869,"end":8184.23},{"text":"positions,","start":8184.23,"end":8185.129},{"text":"undermining","start":8185.129,"end":8185.39},{"text":"the","start":8185.39,"end":8185.789},{"text":"integrity","start":8185.789,"end":8186.27},{"text":"of","start":8186.27,"end":8186.449},{"text":"the","start":8186.449,"end":8186.65},{"text":"climate","start":8186.65,"end":8186.89},{"text":"regime,","start":8186.89,"end":8187.539},{"text":"and","start":8187.789,"end":8187.869},{"text":"it","start":8187.869,"end":8188.01},{"text":"creates","start":8188.01,"end":8188.49},{"text":"parallel","start":8188.49,"end":8189.19},{"text":"unjustified","start":8189.19,"end":8190.47},{"text":"mechanisms.","start":8190.47,"end":8191.53}]},{"text":"The Russian Federation pays the most serious attention to combating climate change.","start":8191.53,"end":8196.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8191.53,"end":8191.61},{"text":"Russian","start":8191.61,"end":8191.81},{"text":"Federation","start":8191.81,"end":8192.23},{"text":"pays","start":8192.23,"end":8192.47},{"text":"the","start":8192.47,"end":8192.61},{"text":"most","start":8192.61,"end":8192.83},{"text":"serious","start":8192.83,"end":8193.19},{"text":"attention","start":8193.19,"end":8193.77},{"text":"to","start":8193.77,"end":8194.15},{"text":"combating","start":8194.15,"end":8194.95},{"text":"climate","start":8194.95,"end":8195.33},{"text":"change.","start":8195.33,"end":8196.61}]},{"text":"However, we cannot support a text that undermines the consensus nature of multilateral work and which would lead to the formation of narrow coalitions of interest to the detriment of the universal approach.","start":8196.61,"end":8210.131,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. 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is well known that global problems require universal solutions and the unity of all states.","start":8210.516,"end":8216.136,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8210.516,"end":8210.612},{"text":"is","start":8210.612,"end":8210.661},{"text":"well","start":8210.757,"end":8210.869},{"text":"known","start":8210.869,"end":8211.142},{"text":"that","start":8211.255,"end":8211.56},{"text":"global","start":8211.56,"end":8211.897},{"text":"problems","start":8211.897,"end":8212.395},{"text":"require","start":8212.459,"end":8212.925},{"text":"universal","start":8212.925,"end":8213.503},{"text":"solutions","start":8213.503,"end":8214.193},{"text":"and","start":8214.466,"end":8214.53},{"text":"the","start":8214.627,"end":8214.707},{"text":"unity","start":8214.787,"end":8215.317},{"text":"of","start":8215.413,"end":8215.51},{"text":"all","start":8215.51,"end":8215.558},{"text":"states.","start":8215.686,"end":8216.136}]},{"text":"The draft resolution that we considered today has led to division, and that is why we voted against it.","start":8216.858,"end":8223.939,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8216.858,"end":8217.019},{"text":"draft","start":8217.517,"end":8217.79},{"text":"resolution","start":8217.822,"end":8218.352},{"text":"that","start":8218.641,"end":8218.737},{"text":"we","start":8218.737,"end":8218.882},{"text":"considered","start":8218.882,"end":8219.283},{"text":"today","start":8219.283,"end":8219.556},{"text":"has","start":8219.909,"end":8220.054},{"text":"led","start":8220.15,"end":8220.295},{"text":"to","start":8220.391,"end":8220.567},{"text":"division,","start":8220.567,"end":8221.081},{"text":"and","start":8221.451,"end":8221.515},{"text":"that","start":8221.595,"end":8221.916},{"text":"is","start":8221.932,"end":8222.061},{"text":"why","start":8222.093,"end":8222.334},{"text":"we","start":8222.478,"end":8222.655},{"text":"voted","start":8222.655,"end":8223.201},{"text":"against","start":8223.201,"end":8223.682},{"text":"it.","start":8223.682,"end":8223.939}]},{"text":"We are convinced that solving climate change-related problems is something that can only be done together in accordance with the principle of good faith.","start":8224.649,"end":8233.069,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8224.649,"end":8224.849},{"text":"are","start":8224.849,"end":8225.069},{"text":"convinced","start":8225.069,"end":8225.749},{"text":"that","start":8225.749,"end":8226.409},{"text":"solving","start":8226.409,"end":8226.889},{"text":"climate","start":8226.889,"end":8227.369},{"text":"change-related","start":8227.369,"end":8228.049},{"text":"problems","start":8228.049,"end":8228.529},{"text":"is","start":8228.529,"end":8228.729},{"text":"something","start":8228.729,"end":8228.988},{"text":"that","start":8228.988,"end":8229.168},{"text":"can","start":8229.168,"end":8229.328},{"text":"only","start":8229.328,"end":8229.589},{"text":"be","start":8229.589,"end":8229.729},{"text":"done","start":8229.729,"end":8229.908},{"text":"together","start":8229.908,"end":8230.408},{"text":"in","start":8230.448,"end":8230.809},{"text":"accordance","start":8230.809,"end":8231.168},{"text":"with","start":8231.168,"end":8231.469},{"text":"the","start":8231.469,"end":8231.528},{"text":"principle","start":8231.528,"end":8231.969},{"text":"of","start":8231.969,"end":8232.208},{"text":"good","start":8232.208,"end":8232.408},{"text":"faith.","start":8232.408,"end":8233.069}]},{"text":"We intend to actively continue this work within the framework of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC, the Paris Agreement, and other specialized climate treaties.","start":8233.069,"end":8243.609,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining 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conclusion, I would like to register our disagreement with the procedural interpretation that was provided by the President of the General Assembly 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The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."},{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":8400.11,"end":8400.47},{"text":"recognized","start":8400.47,"end":8400.99},{"text":"by","start":8400.99,"end":8401.35},{"text":"the","start":8401.35,"end":8401.65},{"text":"Court,","start":8401.65,"end":8402.51},{"text":"CBDRRC","start":8402.51,"end":8403.65},{"text":"guides","start":8403.65,"end":8404.43},{"text":"the","start":8404.43,"end":8404.69},{"text":"interpretation","start":8404.69,"end":8405.43},{"text":"of","start":8405.43,"end":8405.99},{"text":"all","start":8405.99,"end":8406.23},{"text":"obligations","start":8406.23,"end":8406.97},{"text":"under","start":8406.97,"end":8407.33},{"text":"international","start":8407.33,"end":8407.87},{"text":"environmental","start":8407.87,"end":8408.53},{"text":"law.","start":8408.53,"end":8408.87}]},{"text":"Brazil therefore understands the reference to respective international obligations in OP9 as reflecting differentiation, including based on historical emissions.","start":8409.293,"end":8420.576,"topics":[{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"Brazil","start":8409.293,"end":8409.646},{"text":"therefore","start":8409.758,"end":8410.128},{"text":"understands","start":8410.24,"end":8410.866},{"text":"the","start":8410.962,"end":8411.107},{"text":"reference","start":8411.123,"end":8411.652},{"text":"to","start":8411.684,"end":8411.845},{"text":"respective","start":8412.246,"end":8412.904},{"text":"international","start":8412.904,"end":8413.53},{"text":"obligations","start":8413.53,"end":8414.268},{"text":"in","start":8414.653,"end":8414.718},{"text":"OP9","start":8414.75,"end":8415.36},{"text":"as","start":8415.857,"end":8415.921},{"text":"reflecting","start":8416.034,"end":8416.644},{"text":"differentiation,","start":8416.676,"end":8417.687},{"text":"including","start":8418.024,"end":8418.569},{"text":"based","start":8418.682,"end":8419.147},{"text":"on","start":8419.147,"end":8419.243},{"text":"historical","start":8419.243,"end":8420.014},{"text":"emissions.","start":8420.11,"end":8420.576}]},{"text":"We stress that the absence of an explicit reference to CBDRRC does not remove this differentiation.","start":8421.49,"end":8429.403,"topics":[{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8421.49,"end":8421.651},{"text":"stress","start":8421.651,"end":8422.213},{"text":"that","start":8422.213,"end":8422.437},{"text":"the","start":8422.437,"end":8422.582},{"text":"absence","start":8422.598,"end":8423.095},{"text":"of","start":8423.095,"end":8423.192},{"text":"an","start":8423.192,"end":8423.288},{"text":"explicit","start":8423.336,"end":8423.978},{"text":"reference","start":8424.058,"end":8424.572},{"text":"to","start":8424.604,"end":8424.7},{"text":"CBDRRC","start":8424.7,"end":8426.385},{"text":"does","start":8426.931,"end":8427.075},{"text":"not","start":8427.172,"end":8427.493},{"text":"remove","start":8427.493,"end":8427.926},{"text":"this","start":8428.135,"end":8428.424},{"text":"differentiation.","start":8428.552,"end":8429.403}]},{"text":"It must not justify claims against developing countries that disregard the structure of the climate regime.","start":8429.916,"end":8437.3,"topics":[{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8429.916,"end":8430.141},{"text":"must","start":8430.141,"end":8430.366},{"text":"not","start":8430.462,"end":8430.59},{"text":"justify","start":8430.783,"end":8431.457},{"text":"claims","start":8431.505,"end":8431.97},{"text":"against","start":8432.404,"end":8432.805},{"text":"developing","start":8432.805,"end":8433.254},{"text":"countries","start":8433.351,"end":8433.736},{"text":"that","start":8433.848,"end":8434.057},{"text":"disregard","start":8434.089,"end":8434.94},{"text":"the","start":8435.212,"end":8435.309},{"text":"structure","start":8435.309,"end":8435.999},{"text":"of","start":8436.16,"end":8436.208},{"text":"the","start":8436.256,"end":8436.336},{"text":"climate","start":8436.401,"end":8436.898},{"text":"regime.","start":8436.898,"end":8437.3}]},{"text":"Developing countries share the right to development and must continue cooperating to address poverty and inequality, especially amid uncertainty on the delivery of climate finance and means of implementation.","start":8438.103,"end":8452.521,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."},{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"Developing","start":8438.103,"end":8438.552},{"text":"countries","start":8438.665,"end":8439.034},{"text":"share","start":8439.146,"end":8439.467},{"text":"the","start":8439.467,"end":8439.564},{"text":"right","start":8439.692,"end":8440.029},{"text":"to","start":8440.029,"end":8440.174},{"text":"development","start":8440.174,"end":8440.88},{"text":"and","start":8441.314,"end":8441.378},{"text":"must","start":8441.475,"end":8441.748},{"text":"continue","start":8441.812,"end":8442.454},{"text":"cooperating","start":8442.518,"end":8443.289},{"text":"to","start":8443.401,"end":8443.546},{"text":"address","start":8443.562,"end":8443.915},{"text":"poverty","start":8444.445,"end":8444.975},{"text":"and","start":8445.087,"end":8445.232},{"text":"inequality,","start":8445.232,"end":8445.906},{"text":"especially","start":8446.372,"end":8446.982},{"text":"amid","start":8447.078,"end":8447.383},{"text":"uncertainty","start":8447.48,"end":8448.266},{"text":"on","start":8448.684,"end":8448.764},{"text":"the","start":8448.764,"end":8448.861},{"text":"delivery","start":8448.925,"end":8449.39},{"text":"of","start":8449.407,"end":8449.551},{"text":"climate","start":8449.583,"end":8450.049},{"text":"finance","start":8450.049,"end":8450.579},{"text":"and","start":8450.948,"end":8451.012},{"text":"means","start":8451.109,"end":8451.398},{"text":"of","start":8451.51,"end":8451.638},{"text":"implementation.","start":8451.735,"end":8452.521}]},{"text":"On operative paragraph 10, Brazil clarifies that the advisory opinion does not create new legal obligations.","start":8453.356,"end":8460.261,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":8453.356,"end":8453.501},{"text":"operative","start":8453.501,"end":8453.967},{"text":"paragraph","start":8453.999,"end":8454.464},{"text":"10,","start":8454.561,"end":8454.85},{"text":"Brazil","start":8455.283,"end":8455.653},{"text":"clarifies","start":8455.669,"end":8456.295},{"text":"that","start":8456.407,"end":8456.632},{"text":"the","start":8456.632,"end":8456.728},{"text":"advisory","start":8456.728,"end":8457.29},{"text":"opinion","start":8457.29,"end":8457.708},{"text":"does","start":8457.756,"end":8457.9},{"text":"not","start":8458.013,"end":8458.334},{"text":"create","start":8458.334,"end":8458.88},{"text":"new","start":8458.88,"end":8458.992},{"text":"legal","start":8459.153,"end":8459.506},{"text":"obligations.","start":8459.619,"end":8460.261}]},{"text":"It clarifies existing ones under relevant treaties, customary law, and general principles.","start":8460.57,"end":8468.18,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8460.57,"end":8461.17},{"text":"clarifies","start":8461.17,"end":8462.15},{"text":"existing","start":8462.15,"end":8462.85},{"text":"ones","start":8462.85,"end":8463.51},{"text":"under","start":8463.51,"end":8463.95},{"text":"relevant","start":8463.95,"end":8464.43},{"text":"treaties,","start":8464.43,"end":8465.61},{"text":"customary","start":8465.61,"end":8466.01},{"text":"law,","start":8466.01,"end":8466.77},{"text":"and","start":8466.77,"end":8466.85},{"text":"general","start":8466.85,"end":8467.23},{"text":"principles.","start":8467.23,"end":8468.18}]},{"text":"References to obligations in relation to the Court's findings should therefore be understood as obligations clarified, not established, by the Court.","start":8468.849,"end":8479.49,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"References","start":8468.849,"end":8469.15},{"text":"to","start":8469.15,"end":8469.37},{"text":"obligations","start":8469.37,"end":8470.07},{"text":"in","start":8470.07,"end":8470.349},{"text":"relation","start":8470.349,"end":8470.83},{"text":"to","start":8470.83,"end":8471.189},{"text":"the","start":8471.189,"end":8471.37},{"text":"Court's","start":8471.37,"end":8471.71},{"text":"findings","start":8471.71,"end":8472.23},{"text":"should","start":8472.23,"end":8472.99},{"text":"therefore","start":8472.99,"end":8473.59},{"text":"be","start":8473.59,"end":8473.81},{"text":"understood","start":8473.81,"end":8474.349},{"text":"as","start":8474.349,"end":8474.609},{"text":"obligations","start":8474.609,"end":8475.23},{"text":"clarified,","start":8475.23,"end":8476.73},{"text":"not","start":8476.83,"end":8476.91},{"text":"established,","start":8476.91,"end":8477.71},{"text":"by","start":8477.71,"end":8478.25},{"text":"the","start":8478.25,"end":8478.43},{"text":"Court.","start":8478.43,"end":8479.49}]},{"text":"Brazil also underscores the central role of the UNFCCC and its Paris Agreement as the main Forum for Climate Negotiations.","start":8479.49,"end":8488.019,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"Brazil","start":8479.49,"end":8479.97},{"text":"also","start":8479.97,"end":8480.39},{"text":"underscores","start":8480.39,"end":8480.95},{"text":"the","start":8480.95,"end":8481.19},{"text":"central","start":8481.19,"end":8481.59},{"text":"role","start":8481.59,"end":8482.19},{"text":"of","start":8482.19,"end":8482.59},{"text":"the","start":8482.59,"end":8482.65},{"text":"UNFCCC","start":8482.65,"end":8483.79},{"text":"and","start":8483.79,"end":8484.03},{"text":"its","start":8484.03,"end":8484.31},{"text":"Paris","start":8484.31,"end":8484.61},{"text":"Agreement","start":8484.61,"end":8485.09},{"text":"as","start":8485.09,"end":8485.67},{"text":"the","start":8485.67,"end":8485.95},{"text":"main","start":8485.95,"end":8486.15},{"text":"Forum","start":8486.24,"end":8486.592},{"text":"for","start":8486.592,"end":8486.736},{"text":"Climate","start":8486.817,"end":8487.233},{"text":"Negotiations.","start":8487.233,"end":8488.019}]},{"text":"Efforts to accelerate action should not bypass inclusive and negotiated multilateral processes.","start":8488.901,"end":8496.099,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. 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Madame President, Burkina Faso commends the engagement of the General Assembly and its action to protect the environment and preserve the authority of the International Court of Justice.","start":8549.203,"end":8563.289,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."},{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. 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light of the aforementioned, my delegation voted in favor of the resolution.","start":8723.58,"end":8727.459,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8723.58,"end":8723.58},{"text":"light","start":8723.58,"end":8723.76},{"text":"of","start":8723.76,"end":8723.879},{"text":"the","start":8723.879,"end":8723.98},{"text":"aforementioned,","start":8723.98,"end":8724.28},{"text":"my","start":8724.739,"end":8724.86},{"text":"delegation","start":8724.86,"end":8725.32},{"text":"voted","start":8725.32,"end":8725.8},{"text":"in","start":8725.8,"end":8726.199},{"text":"favor","start":8726.199,"end":8726.459},{"text":"of","start":8726.459,"end":8726.6},{"text":"the","start":8726.6,"end":8726.739},{"text":"resolution.","start":8726.739,"end":8727.459}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"BFA","affiliation_full":"Burkina Faso","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":97,"start":8727.459,"pageUrl":"/ru/ga/80/83?lang=en&t=8728","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank 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This included repeated references to small island developing States, least developed countries, and frontline populations facing existential and unequal harms."},{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":8745.39,"end":8745.47},{"text":"an","start":8745.47,"end":8745.55},{"text":"island","start":8745.55,"end":8745.83},{"text":"state","start":8745.83,"end":8746.19},{"text":"and","start":8746.19,"end":8746.41},{"text":"LDC,","start":8746.41,"end":8747.11},{"text":"Timor-Leste","start":8747.41,"end":8747.75},{"text":"shares","start":8747.75,"end":8748.11},{"text":"the","start":8748.11,"end":8748.41},{"text":"experience","start":8748.41,"end":8748.99},{"text":"of","start":8748.99,"end":8749.29},{"text":"bearing","start":8749.29,"end":8749.51},{"text":"the","start":8749.51,"end":8749.67},{"text":"gravest","start":8749.67,"end":8750.069},{"text":"consequences","start":8750.069,"end":8750.729},{"text":"of","start":8750.729,"end":8750.93},{"text":"climate","start":8750.93,"end":8751.35},{"text":"change","start":8751.35,"end":8752.229},{"text":"caused","start":8752.229,"end":8752.689},{"text":"mainly","start":8752.689,"end":8753.09},{"text":"by","start":8753.09,"end":8753.269},{"text":"the","start":8753.269,"end":8753.409},{"text":"industrialization","start":8753.499,"end":8754.249},{"text":"and","start":8754.249,"end":8754.41},{"text":"economic","start":8754.41,"end":8754.83},{"text":"growth","start":8754.83,"end":8755.249},{"text":"of","start":8755.249,"end":8755.55},{"text":"but","start":8755.55,"end":8755.71},{"text":"a","start":8755.71,"end":8755.83},{"text":"few","start":8755.83,"end":8755.95},{"text":"nations.","start":8755.95,"end":8756.7}]},{"text":"In this context, Timor-Leste wishes to emphasize the importance of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities.","start":8757.29,"end":8765.73,"topics":[{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8757.29,"end":8757.47},{"text":"this","start":8757.47,"end":8757.69},{"text":"context,","start":8757.69,"end":8758.24},{"text":"Timor-Leste","start":8758.429,"end":8758.77},{"text":"wishes","start":8758.77,"end":8759.089},{"text":"to","start":8759.089,"end":8759.249},{"text":"emphasize","start":8759.249,"end":8759.69},{"text":"the","start":8759.69,"end":8759.91},{"text":"importance","start":8759.91,"end":8760.29},{"text":"of","start":8760.29,"end":8760.69},{"text":"the","start":8760.69,"end":8760.69},{"text":"principle","start":8760.69,"end":8761.169},{"text":"of","start":8761.169,"end":8761.45},{"text":"common","start":8761.45,"end":8761.73},{"text":"but","start":8761.73,"end":8761.93},{"text":"differentiated","start":8761.93,"end":8762.61},{"text":"responsibilities","start":8762.61,"end":8763.47},{"text":"and","start":8763.47,"end":8763.77},{"text":"respective","start":8763.77,"end":8764.33},{"text":"capabilities.","start":8764.33,"end":8765.73}]},{"text":"While all nations share a common duty to combat climate change, responsibilities must reflect historical contributions to the problem and respective capacities to address it.","start":8765.87,"end":8774.97,"topics":[{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"While","start":8765.87,"end":8766.15},{"text":"all","start":8766.15,"end":8766.37},{"text":"nations","start":8766.37,"end":8766.75},{"text":"share","start":8766.75,"end":8767.03},{"text":"a","start":8767.03,"end":8767.17},{"text":"common","start":8767.17,"end":8767.41},{"text":"duty","start":8767.41,"end":8767.69},{"text":"to","start":8767.69,"end":8767.83},{"text":"combat","start":8767.83,"end":8768.19},{"text":"climate","start":8768.19,"end":8768.57},{"text":"change,","start":8768.57,"end":8769.25},{"text":"responsibilities","start":8769.25,"end":8769.75},{"text":"must","start":8769.75,"end":8770.01},{"text":"reflect","start":8770.01,"end":8770.45},{"text":"historical","start":8770.45,"end":8770.91},{"text":"contributions","start":8770.98,"end":8771.559},{"text":"to","start":8771.559,"end":8771.78},{"text":"the","start":8771.78,"end":8771.88},{"text":"problem","start":8771.88,"end":8772.26},{"text":"and","start":8772.26,"end":8772.48},{"text":"respective","start":8772.48,"end":8772.94},{"text":"capacities","start":8772.94,"end":8773.5},{"text":"to","start":8773.5,"end":8773.68},{"text":"address","start":8773.68,"end":8774.02},{"text":"it.","start":8774.02,"end":8774.97}]},{"text":"We are pleased to see that the principle of CBDR RC is central in the resolution, as it was in the opinions of both ITLOS and the ICJ.","start":8775.44,"end":8783.96,"topics":[{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. 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Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8775.44,"end":8775.48},{"text":"are","start":8775.48,"end":8775.64},{"text":"pleased","start":8775.64,"end":8775.88},{"text":"to","start":8775.88,"end":8776.06},{"text":"see","start":8776.06,"end":8776.239},{"text":"that","start":8776.239,"end":8776.4},{"text":"the","start":8776.4,"end":8776.48},{"text":"principle","start":8776.48,"end":8776.859},{"text":"of","start":8776.859,"end":8777.079},{"text":"CBDR","start":8777.079,"end":8777.68},{"text":"RC","start":8777.68,"end":8778.14},{"text":"is","start":8778.14,"end":8778.48},{"text":"central","start":8778.48,"end":8778.819},{"text":"in","start":8778.819,"end":8779.019},{"text":"the","start":8779.019,"end":8779.12},{"text":"resolution,","start":8779.12,"end":8779.66},{"text":"as","start":8779.66,"end":8779.9},{"text":"it","start":8779.9,"end":8780.04},{"text":"was","start":8780.04,"end":8780.32},{"text":"in","start":8780.32,"end":8780.48},{"text":"the","start":8780.48,"end":8780.58},{"text":"opinions","start":8780.58,"end":8780.94},{"text":"of","start":8780.94,"end":8781.2},{"text":"both","start":8781.2,"end":8781.48},{"text":"ITLOS","start":8781.48,"end":8781.74},{"text":"and","start":8781.74,"end":8782.04},{"text":"the","start":8782.04,"end":8782.22},{"text":"ICJ.","start":8782.22,"end":8783.96}]},{"text":"My delegation also expresses its appreciation to Vanuatu and the core group for their leadership and tireless efforts in steering this important process through extensive consultations.","start":8783.96,"end":8792.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"My","start":8783.96,"end":8784.179},{"text":"delegation","start":8784.179,"end":8784.58},{"text":"also","start":8784.58,"end":8784.88},{"text":"expresses","start":8784.88,"end":8785.22},{"text":"its","start":8785.22,"end":8785.48},{"text":"appreciation","start":8785.48,"end":8785.98},{"text":"to","start":8785.98,"end":8786.179},{"text":"Vanuatu","start":8786.179,"end":8786.54},{"text":"and","start":8786.54,"end":8786.72},{"text":"the","start":8786.72,"end":8786.9},{"text":"core","start":8786.9,"end":8787.02},{"text":"group","start":8787.02,"end":8787.22},{"text":"for","start":8787.22,"end":8787.4},{"text":"their","start":8787.4,"end":8787.54},{"text":"leadership","start":8787.54,"end":8788.02},{"text":"and","start":8788.02,"end":8788.36},{"text":"tireless","start":8788.36,"end":8788.74},{"text":"efforts","start":8788.74,"end":8789.08},{"text":"in","start":8789.08,"end":8789.28},{"text":"steering","start":8789.28,"end":8789.48},{"text":"this","start":8789.48,"end":8789.68},{"text":"important","start":8789.68,"end":8790.06},{"text":"process","start":8790.06,"end":8790.48},{"text":"through","start":8790.48,"end":8790.78},{"text":"extensive","start":8790.78,"end":8791.26},{"text":"consultations.","start":8791.26,"end":8792.31}]},{"text":"Madam President, Timor-Leste is firmly committed to sustaining sustainable development and has put climate action at the core of our national agenda.","start":8794.16,"end":8800.02,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":8794.16,"end":8794.22},{"text":"President,","start":8794.22,"end":8794.7},{"text":"Timor-Leste","start":8794.7,"end":8795.06},{"text":"is","start":8795.06,"end":8795.52},{"text":"firmly","start":8795.52,"end":8795.74},{"text":"committed","start":8795.74,"end":8796.08},{"text":"to","start":8796.08,"end":8796.28},{"text":"sustaining","start":8796.28,"end":8796.48},{"text":"sustainable","start":8796.51,"end":8796.69},{"text":"development","start":8796.69,"end":8797.23},{"text":"and","start":8797.23,"end":8797.49},{"text":"has","start":8797.49,"end":8797.59},{"text":"put","start":8797.59,"end":8797.79},{"text":"climate","start":8797.79,"end":8798.07},{"text":"action","start":8798.07,"end":8798.49},{"text":"at","start":8798.49,"end":8798.67},{"text":"the","start":8798.67,"end":8798.83},{"text":"core","start":8798.83,"end":8799.01},{"text":"of","start":8799.01,"end":8799.17},{"text":"our","start":8799.17,"end":8799.33},{"text":"national","start":8799.33,"end":8799.57},{"text":"agenda.","start":8799.57,"end":8800.02}]},{"text":"We are expanding and restoring mangroves, increasing protected areas, and promoting a low-impact nature-based economy.","start":8800.51,"end":8807.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8800.51,"end":8800.51},{"text":"are","start":8800.51,"end":8800.649},{"text":"expanding","start":8800.649,"end":8801.109},{"text":"and","start":8801.109,"end":8801.349},{"text":"restoring","start":8801.349,"end":8801.71},{"text":"mangroves,","start":8801.71,"end":8802.47},{"text":"increasing","start":8802.47,"end":8802.75},{"text":"protected","start":8802.75,"end":8803.21},{"text":"areas,","start":8803.21,"end":8803.889},{"text":"and","start":8803.889,"end":8803.93},{"text":"promoting","start":8803.93,"end":8804.269},{"text":"a","start":8804.269,"end":8804.51},{"text":"low-impact","start":8804.51,"end":8805.17},{"text":"nature-based","start":8805.17,"end":8805.81},{"text":"economy.","start":8805.81,"end":8807.33}]},{"text":"But we cannot do this without financial and technological transfers.","start":8807.33,"end":8810.43,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":8807.33,"end":8807.549},{"text":"we","start":8807.549,"end":8807.65},{"text":"cannot","start":8807.65,"end":8807.89},{"text":"do","start":8807.89,"end":8808.129},{"text":"this","start":8808.129,"end":8808.369},{"text":"without","start":8808.369,"end":8808.61},{"text":"financial","start":8808.61,"end":8809.09},{"text":"and","start":8809.09,"end":8809.25},{"text":"technological","start":8809.25,"end":8809.83},{"text":"transfers.","start":8809.83,"end":8810.43}]},{"text":"It is therefore important to stress that developed states are still failing to fulfill their obligations under the UNFCCC and Paris Agreement to provide climate-related financial assistance, including for loss and climate change and damage.","start":8810.73,"end":8823.26,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8810.73,"end":8810.81},{"text":"is","start":8810.81,"end":8810.97},{"text":"therefore","start":8810.97,"end":8811.25},{"text":"important","start":8811.25,"end":8811.73},{"text":"to","start":8811.73,"end":8811.97},{"text":"stress","start":8811.97,"end":8812.39},{"text":"that","start":8812.39,"end":8812.59},{"text":"developed","start":8812.59,"end":8812.97},{"text":"states","start":8812.97,"end":8813.79},{"text":"are","start":8813.79,"end":8814.09},{"text":"still","start":8814.09,"end":8814.37},{"text":"failing","start":8814.37,"end":8814.67},{"text":"to","start":8814.67,"end":8814.81},{"text":"fulfill","start":8814.81,"end":8815.07},{"text":"their","start":8815.07,"end":8815.29},{"text":"obligations","start":8815.29,"end":8815.87},{"text":"under","start":8815.87,"end":8816.25},{"text":"the","start":8816.25,"end":8816.39},{"text":"UNFCCC","start":8816.39,"end":8817.45},{"text":"and","start":8817.45,"end":8817.71},{"text":"Paris","start":8817.71,"end":8818.03},{"text":"Agreement","start":8818.03,"end":8818.39},{"text":"to","start":8818.39,"end":8818.67},{"text":"provide","start":8818.67,"end":8818.99},{"text":"climate-related","start":8818.99,"end":8819.77},{"text":"financial","start":8819.77,"end":8820.19},{"text":"assistance,","start":8820.19,"end":8821.09},{"text":"including","start":8821.29,"end":8821.77},{"text":"for","start":8821.77,"end":8821.97},{"text":"loss","start":8821.97,"end":8822.15},{"text":"and","start":8822.15,"end":8822.21},{"text":"climate","start":8822.22,"end":8822.22},{"text":"change","start":8822.22,"end":8822.64},{"text":"and","start":8822.64,"end":8822.64},{"text":"damage.","start":8822.64,"end":8823.26}]},{"text":"Furthermore, developed states continue to fall short, short on technology transfer obligations essential for developing countries to expand renewable energy and transition to low-carbon economies.","start":8823.26,"end":8834.009,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."},{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":8823.26,"end":8823.7},{"text":"developed","start":8823.7,"end":8824.24},{"text":"states","start":8824.24,"end":8824.66},{"text":"continue","start":8824.66,"end":8825.1},{"text":"to","start":8825.1,"end":8825.28},{"text":"fall","start":8825.28,"end":8825.58},{"text":"short,","start":8825.58,"end":8826.46},{"text":"short","start":8826.46,"end":8826.46},{"text":"on","start":8826.46,"end":8826.76},{"text":"technology","start":8826.76,"end":8827.239},{"text":"transfer","start":8827.239,"end":8827.62},{"text":"obligations","start":8827.62,"end":8828.279},{"text":"essential","start":8828.279,"end":8828.84},{"text":"for","start":8828.84,"end":8829.08},{"text":"developing","start":8829.08,"end":8829.439},{"text":"countries","start":8829.439,"end":8829.859},{"text":"to","start":8829.859,"end":8830.08},{"text":"expand","start":8830.08,"end":8830.52},{"text":"renewable","start":8830.52,"end":8830.919},{"text":"energy","start":8830.919,"end":8831.44},{"text":"and","start":8831.44,"end":8831.7},{"text":"transition","start":8831.7,"end":8832.16},{"text":"to","start":8832.16,"end":8832.4},{"text":"low-carbon","start":8832.4,"end":8832.86},{"text":"economies.","start":8832.86,"end":8834.009}]},{"text":"Timor-Leste's vote in favor of today's resolution demonstrates its political commitment to address the climate crisis.","start":8834.7,"end":8841.02,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Timor-Leste's","start":8834.7,"end":8835.36},{"text":"vote","start":8835.36,"end":8835.56},{"text":"in","start":8835.56,"end":8835.759},{"text":"favor","start":8835.759,"end":8836.06},{"text":"of","start":8836.06,"end":8836.24},{"text":"today's","start":8836.24,"end":8836.62},{"text":"resolution","start":8836.62,"end":8837.04},{"text":"demonstrates","start":8837.04,"end":8837.88},{"text":"its","start":8837.88,"end":8838.26},{"text":"political","start":8838.26,"end":8838.62},{"text":"commitment","start":8838.62,"end":8839.14},{"text":"to","start":8839.14,"end":8839.34},{"text":"address","start":8839.34,"end":8839.7},{"text":"the","start":8839.7,"end":8839.9},{"text":"climate","start":8839.9,"end":8840.14},{"text":"crisis.","start":8840.14,"end":8841.02}]},{"text":"It is equally based on the understanding that the resolution is non-binding and does not add to or amend states' existing obligations under international law with respect to climate change.","start":8841.02,"end":8851.51,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. 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Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8859.63,"end":8859.65},{"text":"should","start":8859.65,"end":8859.83},{"text":"be","start":8859.83,"end":8859.91},{"text":"noted","start":8859.91,"end":8860.21},{"text":"that","start":8860.21,"end":8860.43},{"text":"the","start":8860.43,"end":8860.47},{"text":"resolution's","start":8860.47,"end":8861.85},{"text":"language","start":8861.85,"end":8861.85},{"text":"goes","start":8861.85,"end":8862.109},{"text":"beyond","start":8862.109,"end":8862.65},{"text":"that","start":8862.65,"end":8862.93},{"text":"of","start":8862.93,"end":8862.99},{"text":"the","start":8862.99,"end":8863.109},{"text":"ICJ's","start":8863.109,"end":8863.75},{"text":"opinion","start":8863.75,"end":8864.13},{"text":"in","start":8864.13,"end":8864.33},{"text":"several","start":8864.33,"end":8864.61},{"text":"respects.","start":8864.61,"end":8865.31}]},{"text":"In addition, the resolution's operative paragraphs do not reflect rules of customary international law or their crystallization, nor can the affirmative the collective vote of Timor-Leste be seen as reflecting any opinio juris to that effect, as other states have also noted.","start":8865.75,"end":8879.889,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."},{"key":"state-responsibility","label":"State Responsibility and Reparation","description":"Delegations discussed whether breaches of climate-related obligations can amount to internationally wrongful acts and trigger responsibility, remedies, or reparation. While some welcomed this accountability dimension, others cautioned against implying automatic liability or legal consequences beyond what the Court explicitly stated."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8865.75,"end":8865.79},{"text":"addition,","start":8865.79,"end":8866.49},{"text":"the","start":8866.49,"end":8866.49},{"text":"resolution's","start":8866.49,"end":8867.05},{"text":"operative","start":8867.05,"end":8867.45},{"text":"paragraphs","start":8867.45,"end":8867.99},{"text":"do","start":8867.99,"end":8868.27},{"text":"not","start":8868.27,"end":8868.49},{"text":"reflect","start":8868.49,"end":8868.89},{"text":"rules","start":8868.89,"end":8869.21},{"text":"of","start":8869.21,"end":8869.37},{"text":"customary","start":8869.37,"end":8869.91},{"text":"international","start":8869.91,"end":8870.37},{"text":"law","start":8870.37,"end":8870.69},{"text":"or","start":8870.69,"end":8870.91},{"text":"their","start":8870.91,"end":8871.09},{"text":"crystallization,","start":8871.09,"end":8871.89},{"text":"nor","start":8872.35,"end":8872.67},{"text":"can","start":8872.67,"end":8872.87},{"text":"the","start":8872.87,"end":8873.01},{"text":"affirmative","start":8873.01,"end":8873.33},{"text":"the","start":8873.34,"end":8873.34},{"text":"collective","start":8873.34,"end":8873.46},{"text":"vote","start":8873.46,"end":8873.76},{"text":"of","start":8873.76,"end":8873.94},{"text":"Timor-Leste","start":8873.94,"end":8874.5},{"text":"be","start":8874.5,"end":8874.76},{"text":"seen","start":8874.76,"end":8875},{"text":"as","start":8875,"end":8875.22},{"text":"reflecting","start":8875.22,"end":8875.68},{"text":"any","start":8875.68,"end":8876.02},{"text":"opinio","start":8876.02,"end":8876.5},{"text":"juris","start":8876.5,"end":8876.76},{"text":"to","start":8876.76,"end":8877.34},{"text":"that","start":8877.34,"end":8877.5},{"text":"effect,","start":8877.5,"end":8878.28},{"text":"as","start":8878.28,"end":8878.28},{"text":"other","start":8878.28,"end":8878.559},{"text":"states","start":8878.559,"end":8878.82},{"text":"have","start":8878.82,"end":8879.059},{"text":"also","start":8879.059,"end":8879.24},{"text":"noted.","start":8879.24,"end":8879.889}]},{"text":"For example, the notably aspirational language of OP4 expresses a hope that states will take collective action to reach net zero by 2050 in a just, orderly, and equitable manner under the framework of the Paris Agreement and in light of different national circumstances.","start":8880.66,"end":8895.77,"topics":[{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."},{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":8880.66,"end":8880.719},{"text":"example,","start":8880.719,"end":8881.52},{"text":"the","start":8881.52,"end":8881.52},{"text":"notably","start":8881.52,"end":8881.92},{"text":"aspirational","start":8881.92,"end":8882.58},{"text":"language","start":8882.58,"end":8882.959},{"text":"of","start":8882.959,"end":8883.119},{"text":"OP4","start":8883.119,"end":8883.76},{"text":"expresses","start":8883.76,"end":8884.26},{"text":"a","start":8884.26,"end":8884.459},{"text":"hope","start":8884.459,"end":8884.72},{"text":"that","start":8884.72,"end":8884.879},{"text":"states","start":8884.879,"end":8885.199},{"text":"will","start":8885.199,"end":8885.459},{"text":"take","start":8885.459,"end":8885.6},{"text":"collective","start":8885.6,"end":8886},{"text":"action","start":8886,"end":8886.459},{"text":"to","start":8886.459,"end":8886.619},{"text":"reach","start":8886.619,"end":8886.9},{"text":"net","start":8886.9,"end":8887.119},{"text":"zero","start":8887.119,"end":8887.42},{"text":"by","start":8887.42,"end":8887.58},{"text":"2050","start":8887.58,"end":8888.34},{"text":"in","start":8888.34,"end":8888.879},{"text":"a","start":8888.879,"end":8889.1},{"text":"just,","start":8889.1,"end":8889.46},{"text":"orderly,","start":8889.46,"end":8890.12},{"text":"and","start":8890.12,"end":8890.2},{"text":"equitable","start":8890.2,"end":8890.58},{"text":"manner","start":8890.58,"end":8891},{"text":"under","start":8891,"end":8891.3},{"text":"the","start":8891.3,"end":8891.5},{"text":"framework","start":8891.5,"end":8891.86},{"text":"of","start":8891.86,"end":8892.12},{"text":"the","start":8892.12,"end":8892.18},{"text":"Paris","start":8892.18,"end":8892.5},{"text":"Agreement","start":8892.5,"end":8892.92},{"text":"and","start":8892.92,"end":8893.5},{"text":"in","start":8893.5,"end":8893.72},{"text":"light","start":8893.72,"end":8893.92},{"text":"of","start":8893.92,"end":8894.12},{"text":"different","start":8894.12,"end":8894.44},{"text":"national","start":8894.44,"end":8894.82},{"text":"circumstances.","start":8894.82,"end":8895.77}]},{"text":"Article 4, paragraph 1 of the Paris Agreement reflects the understanding that reaching peak emissions will take longer for LDCs such as Timor-Leste.","start":8896.42,"end":8904.339,"topics":[{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."},{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"Article","start":8896.42,"end":8896.66},{"text":"4,","start":8896.66,"end":8897.24},{"text":"paragraph","start":8897.24,"end":8897.48},{"text":"1","start":8897.48,"end":8897.86},{"text":"of","start":8897.86,"end":8898.08},{"text":"the","start":8898.08,"end":8898.2},{"text":"Paris","start":8898.2,"end":8898.42},{"text":"Agreement","start":8898.42,"end":8898.76},{"text":"reflects","start":8898.87,"end":8899.27},{"text":"the","start":8899.27,"end":8899.51},{"text":"understanding","start":8899.51,"end":8900.23},{"text":"that","start":8900.23,"end":8900.69},{"text":"reaching","start":8900.69,"end":8901.05},{"text":"peak","start":8901.05,"end":8901.27},{"text":"emissions","start":8901.27,"end":8901.63},{"text":"will","start":8901.63,"end":8901.83},{"text":"take","start":8901.83,"end":8902.03},{"text":"longer","start":8902.03,"end":8902.37},{"text":"for","start":8902.37,"end":8902.59},{"text":"LDCs","start":8902.59,"end":8903.31},{"text":"such","start":8903.31,"end":8903.429},{"text":"as","start":8903.429,"end":8903.69},{"text":"Timor-Leste.","start":8903.69,"end":8904.339}]},{"text":"Indeed, to improve the well-being of our people, Timor-Leste cannot reach peak emissions in the short term.","start":8904.929,"end":8910.52,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Indeed,","start":8904.929,"end":8905.49},{"text":"to","start":8905.49,"end":8905.49},{"text":"improve","start":8905.49,"end":8905.81},{"text":"the","start":8905.81,"end":8905.95},{"text":"well-being","start":8905.95,"end":8906.35},{"text":"of","start":8906.35,"end":8906.509},{"text":"our","start":8906.509,"end":8906.629},{"text":"people,","start":8906.629,"end":8907.03},{"text":"Timor-Leste","start":8907.51,"end":8907.87},{"text":"cannot","start":8907.87,"end":8908.17},{"text":"reach","start":8908.17,"end":8908.51},{"text":"peak","start":8908.51,"end":8908.71},{"text":"emissions","start":8908.71,"end":8909.17},{"text":"in","start":8909.17,"end":8909.409},{"text":"the","start":8909.409,"end":8909.569},{"text":"short","start":8909.569,"end":8909.77},{"text":"term.","start":8909.77,"end":8910.52}]},{"text":"Timor-Leste affirms its commitment to cooperate with member states to work toward a low-carbon future.","start":8911.989,"end":8917.03,"topics":[{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."}],"words":[{"text":"Timor-Leste","start":8911.989,"end":8912.47},{"text":"affirms","start":8912.47,"end":8912.87},{"text":"its","start":8912.87,"end":8913.069},{"text":"commitment","start":8913.069,"end":8913.37},{"text":"to","start":8913.37,"end":8913.569},{"text":"cooperate","start":8913.569,"end":8913.95},{"text":"with","start":8913.95,"end":8914.13},{"text":"member","start":8914.13,"end":8914.35},{"text":"states","start":8914.35,"end":8914.69},{"text":"to","start":8914.69,"end":8914.91},{"text":"work","start":8914.91,"end":8915.15},{"text":"toward","start":8915.15,"end":8915.57},{"text":"a","start":8915.57,"end":8915.71},{"text":"low-carbon","start":8915.71,"end":8916.21},{"text":"future.","start":8916.21,"end":8917.03}]},{"text":"At the same time, as a SIDS and an LDC, and in accordance with its rights and obligations under international law as confirmed by the ICJ, Timor-Leste will continue to exercise its legal rights to development, including through utilizing its natural resources to provide essential needs such as health and education.","start":8917.03,"end":8933.16,"topics":[{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."},{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer most. This included repeated references to small island developing States, least developed countries, and frontline populations facing existential and unequal harms."},{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":8917.03,"end":8917.13},{"text":"the","start":8917.13,"end":8917.29},{"text":"same","start":8917.29,"end":8917.51},{"text":"time,","start":8917.51,"end":8918.01},{"text":"as","start":8918.01,"end":8918.07},{"text":"a","start":8918.07,"end":8918.19},{"text":"SIDS","start":8918.19,"end":8918.41},{"text":"and","start":8918.41,"end":8918.67},{"text":"an","start":8918.67,"end":8918.79},{"text":"LDC,","start":8918.79,"end":8919.34},{"text":"and","start":8919.45,"end":8919.57},{"text":"in","start":8919.57,"end":8919.59},{"text":"accordance","start":8919.59,"end":8919.99},{"text":"with","start":8919.99,"end":8920.23},{"text":"its","start":8920.23,"end":8920.41},{"text":"rights","start":8920.41,"end":8920.67},{"text":"and","start":8920.67,"end":8920.83},{"text":"obligations","start":8920.83,"end":8921.35},{"text":"under","start":8921.35,"end":8921.69},{"text":"international","start":8921.69,"end":8922.21},{"text":"law","start":8922.21,"end":8922.57},{"text":"as","start":8922.57,"end":8922.71},{"text":"confirmed","start":8922.71,"end":8923.09},{"text":"by","start":8923.09,"end":8923.31},{"text":"the","start":8923.31,"end":8923.41},{"text":"ICJ,","start":8923.41,"end":8924.06},{"text":"Timor-Leste","start":8924.4,"end":8924.84},{"text":"will","start":8924.84,"end":8925.02},{"text":"continue","start":8925.02,"end":8925.36},{"text":"to","start":8925.36,"end":8925.56},{"text":"exercise","start":8925.56,"end":8926.04},{"text":"its","start":8926.04,"end":8926.22},{"text":"legal","start":8926.22,"end":8926.48},{"text":"rights","start":8926.48,"end":8926.78},{"text":"to","start":8926.78,"end":8926.88},{"text":"development,","start":8926.88,"end":8927.53},{"text":"including","start":8928.08,"end":8928.1},{"text":"through","start":8928.1,"end":8928.44},{"text":"utilizing","start":8928.44,"end":8928.9},{"text":"its","start":8928.9,"end":8929.199},{"text":"natural","start":8929.199,"end":8929.48},{"text":"resources","start":8929.48,"end":8930.039},{"text":"to","start":8930.039,"end":8930.239},{"text":"provide","start":8930.239,"end":8930.52},{"text":"essential","start":8930.52,"end":8930.94},{"text":"needs","start":8930.94,"end":8931.459},{"text":"such","start":8931.459,"end":8931.779},{"text":"as","start":8931.779,"end":8931.94},{"text":"health","start":8931.94,"end":8932.18},{"text":"and","start":8932.18,"end":8932.36},{"text":"education.","start":8932.36,"end":8933.16}]},{"text":"These rights are further recognized in the UNFCCC and Paris Agreement and are in accordance with the principles of self-determination and permanent sovereignty over natural resources.","start":8933.64,"end":8943.24,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."},{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":8933.64,"end":8933.759},{"text":"rights","start":8933.759,"end":8934.08},{"text":"are","start":8934.08,"end":8934.24},{"text":"further","start":8934.24,"end":8934.46},{"text":"recognized","start":8934.46,"end":8935.06},{"text":"in","start":8935.06,"end":8935.34},{"text":"the","start":8935.34,"end":8935.38},{"text":"UNFCCC","start":8935.38,"end":8936.36},{"text":"and","start":8936.36,"end":8936.519},{"text":"Paris","start":8936.519,"end":8936.84},{"text":"Agreement","start":8936.84,"end":8937.24},{"text":"and","start":8937.24,"end":8937.5},{"text":"are","start":8937.5,"end":8937.66},{"text":"in","start":8937.66,"end":8937.72},{"text":"accordance","start":8937.72,"end":8938.12},{"text":"with","start":8938.12,"end":8938.4},{"text":"the","start":8938.4,"end":8938.5},{"text":"principles","start":8938.5,"end":8938.88},{"text":"of","start":8938.88,"end":8939.099},{"text":"self-determination","start":8939.12,"end":8940.22},{"text":"and","start":8940.22,"end":8940.48},{"text":"permanent","start":8940.48,"end":8940.92},{"text":"sovereignty","start":8940.92,"end":8941.52},{"text":"over","start":8941.52,"end":8941.8},{"text":"natural","start":8941.8,"end":8942.14},{"text":"resources.","start":8942.14,"end":8943.24}]},{"text":"As stated in the Court's advisory opinion and further reflected in the resolution's preamble and in OP 9, there are no spatial rules of state responsibility when it comes to climate change.","start":8943.98,"end":8954.213,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility","label":"State Responsibility and Reparation","description":"Delegations discussed whether breaches of climate-related obligations can amount to internationally wrongful acts and trigger responsibility, remedies, or reparation. While some welcomed this accountability dimension, others cautioned against implying automatic liability or legal consequences beyond what the Court explicitly stated."},{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":8943.98,"end":8944.1},{"text":"stated","start":8944.1,"end":8944.44},{"text":"in","start":8944.44,"end":8944.78},{"text":"the","start":8944.78,"end":8944.94},{"text":"Court's","start":8944.94,"end":8945.36},{"text":"advisory","start":8945.36,"end":8945.6},{"text":"opinion","start":8945.6,"end":8946.2},{"text":"and","start":8946.2,"end":8946.48},{"text":"further","start":8946.48,"end":8946.7},{"text":"reflected","start":8946.7,"end":8947.24},{"text":"in","start":8947.24,"end":8947.52},{"text":"the","start":8947.52,"end":8947.6},{"text":"resolution's","start":8947.6,"end":8948.3},{"text":"preamble","start":8948.3,"end":8948.76},{"text":"and","start":8948.76,"end":8949},{"text":"in","start":8949,"end":8949.14},{"text":"OP","start":8949.14,"end":8949.36},{"text":"9,","start":8949.36,"end":8949.9},{"text":"there","start":8950.006,"end":8950.102},{"text":"are","start":8950.102,"end":8950.199},{"text":"no","start":8950.199,"end":8950.424},{"text":"spatial","start":8950.424,"end":8951.114},{"text":"rules","start":8951.13,"end":8951.435},{"text":"of","start":8951.708,"end":8951.804},{"text":"state","start":8951.804,"end":8952.093},{"text":"responsibility","start":8952.093,"end":8952.864},{"text":"when","start":8952.977,"end":8953.073},{"text":"it","start":8953.073,"end":8953.217},{"text":"comes","start":8953.217,"end":8953.394},{"text":"to","start":8953.394,"end":8953.49},{"text":"climate","start":8953.539,"end":8953.86},{"text":"change.","start":8953.86,"end":8954.213}]},{"text":"Under the rules of state responsibility under customary international law, in the words of the court, only an action or omission attributable to a state can give rise to international responsibility.","start":8954.919,"end":8964.441,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility","label":"State Responsibility and Reparation","description":"Delegations discussed whether breaches of climate-related obligations can amount to internationally wrongful acts and trigger responsibility, remedies, or reparation. 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Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Under","start":8954.919,"end":8955.08},{"text":"the","start":8955.08,"end":8955.241},{"text":"rules","start":8955.241,"end":8955.497},{"text":"of","start":8955.497,"end":8955.626},{"text":"state","start":8955.626,"end":8955.803},{"text":"responsibility","start":8955.803,"end":8956.654},{"text":"under","start":8956.75,"end":8956.91},{"text":"customary","start":8956.91,"end":8957.408},{"text":"international","start":8957.408,"end":8958.05},{"text":"law,","start":8958.05,"end":8958.131},{"text":"in","start":8958.693,"end":8958.773},{"text":"the","start":8958.773,"end":8958.837},{"text":"words","start":8958.853,"end":8959.062},{"text":"of","start":8959.094,"end":8959.174},{"text":"the","start":8959.174,"end":8959.335},{"text":"court,","start":8959.335,"end":8959.656},{"text":"only","start":8959.801,"end":8960.025},{"text":"an","start":8960.058,"end":8960.138},{"text":"action","start":8960.138,"end":8960.427},{"text":"or","start":8960.62,"end":8960.7},{"text":"omission","start":8960.7,"end":8961.182},{"text":"attributable","start":8961.278,"end":8961.92},{"text":"to","start":8961.92,"end":8962.033},{"text":"a","start":8962.065,"end":8962.081},{"text":"state","start":8962.081,"end":8962.53},{"text":"can","start":8962.53,"end":8962.627},{"text":"give","start":8962.627,"end":8962.851},{"text":"rise","start":8962.851,"end":8963.076},{"text":"to","start":8963.108,"end":8963.189},{"text":"international","start":8963.189,"end":8963.735},{"text":"responsibility.","start":8963.735,"end":8964.441}]},{"text":"Where reparation is claimed, it must be shown that the damage claim was factually and legally caused by a state, that there is a sufficiently direct and certain causal nexus between an alleged wrongful act and that the damage can be proven in concreto.","start":8965.196,"end":8978.45,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility","label":"State Responsibility and Reparation","description":"Delegations discussed whether breaches of climate-related obligations can amount to internationally wrongful acts and trigger responsibility, remedies, or reparation. While some welcomed this accountability dimension, others cautioned against implying automatic liability or legal consequences beyond what the Court explicitly stated."}],"words":[{"text":"Where","start":8965.196,"end":8965.42},{"text":"reparation","start":8965.42,"end":8965.999},{"text":"is","start":8965.999,"end":8966.095},{"text":"claimed,","start":8966.223,"end":8966.657},{"text":"it","start":8966.737,"end":8966.801},{"text":"must","start":8966.801,"end":8966.962},{"text":"be","start":8966.962,"end":8967.058},{"text":"shown","start":8967.058,"end":8967.379},{"text":"that","start":8967.379,"end":8967.524},{"text":"the","start":8967.524,"end":8967.62},{"text":"damage","start":8967.62,"end":8967.941},{"text":"claim","start":8968.006,"end":8968.214},{"text":"was","start":8968.327,"end":8968.423},{"text":"factually","start":8968.487,"end":8969.049},{"text":"and","start":8969.13,"end":8969.194},{"text":"legally","start":8969.274,"end":8969.611},{"text":"caused","start":8969.611,"end":8969.916},{"text":"by","start":8969.916,"end":8970.061},{"text":"a","start":8970.077,"end":8970.093},{"text":"state,","start":8970.093,"end":8970.655},{"text":"that","start":8971.217,"end":8971.377},{"text":"there","start":8971.377,"end":8971.506},{"text":"is","start":8971.618,"end":8971.779},{"text":"a","start":8971.779,"end":8971.795},{"text":"sufficiently","start":8971.843,"end":8972.501},{"text":"direct","start":8972.501,"end":8972.983},{"text":"and","start":8972.983,"end":8973.063},{"text":"certain","start":8973.063,"end":8973.465},{"text":"causal","start":8973.465,"end":8973.802},{"text":"nexus","start":8973.802,"end":8974.252},{"text":"between","start":8974.252,"end":8974.525},{"text":"an","start":8974.525,"end":8974.605},{"text":"alleged","start":8974.653,"end":8975.07},{"text":"wrongful","start":8975.07,"end":8975.424},{"text":"act","start":8975.46,"end":8975.78},{"text":"and","start":8975.78,"end":8976.039},{"text":"that","start":8976.039,"end":8976.159},{"text":"the","start":8976.159,"end":8976.26},{"text":"damage","start":8976.26,"end":8976.62},{"text":"can","start":8976.62,"end":8976.88},{"text":"be","start":8976.88,"end":8977.06},{"text":"proven","start":8977.06,"end":8977.4},{"text":"in","start":8977.4,"end":8977.7},{"text":"concreto.","start":8977.7,"end":8978.45}]},{"text":"Timor-Leste wishes to take this opportunity to express its strong support for the International Court of Justice, including its advisory function, as echoed in the preamble of the resolution.","start":8979.479,"end":8987.96,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Liechtenstein,","start":9088.179,"end":9088.725},{"text":"alongside","start":9089.222,"end":9089.8},{"text":"a","start":9089.8,"end":9089.816},{"text":"record","start":9089.865,"end":9090.218},{"text":"number","start":9090.218,"end":9090.539},{"text":"of","start":9090.539,"end":9090.651},{"text":"states","start":9090.684,"end":9091.053},{"text":"and","start":9091.406,"end":9091.47},{"text":"other","start":9091.631,"end":9091.743},{"text":"stakeholders,","start":9091.743,"end":9092.498},{"text":"submitted","start":9092.53,"end":9093.108},{"text":"both","start":9093.172,"end":9093.381},{"text":"written","start":9093.959,"end":9094.216},{"text":"and","start":9094.537,"end":9094.601},{"text":"oral","start":9094.682,"end":9094.987},{"text":"statements,","start":9095.003,"end":9095.661},{"text":"enabling","start":9096.143,"end":9096.576},{"text":"the","start":9096.705,"end":9096.785},{"text":"Court","start":9096.785,"end":9097.267},{"text":"to","start":9097.427,"end":9097.556},{"text":"consider","start":9097.572,"end":9097.989},{"text":"a","start":9098.23,"end":9098.391},{"text":"wide","start":9098.391,"end":9098.696},{"text":"range","start":9098.696,"end":9099.001},{"text":"of","start":9099.194,"end":9099.29},{"text":"states'","start":9099.29,"end":9099.627},{"text":"practice","start":9099.675,"end":9100.189},{"text":"and","start":9100.719,"end":9100.783},{"text":"legal","start":9100.863,"end":9101.201},{"text":"views","start":9101.201,"end":9101.57},{"text":"informing","start":9101.763,"end":9102.325},{"text":"its","start":9102.63,"end":9102.887},{"text":"opinion.","start":9102.967,"end":9103.336}]},{"text":"A total of 91 written statements has been filed during these advisory proceedings, the highest number of written statements ever filed in advisory proceedings before the Court.","start":9104.396,"end":9115.282,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"A","start":9104.396,"end":9104.492},{"text":"total","start":9104.492,"end":9104.813},{"text":"of","start":9104.813,"end":9104.942},{"text":"91","start":9105.134,"end":9105.648},{"text":"written","start":9105.761,"end":9105.969},{"text":"statements","start":9106.001,"end":9106.499},{"text":"has","start":9106.499,"end":9106.628},{"text":"been","start":9106.724,"end":9106.804},{"text":"filed","start":9106.901,"end":9107.35},{"text":"during","start":9107.446,"end":9107.671},{"text":"these","start":9107.784,"end":9107.912},{"text":"advisory","start":9108.024,"end":9108.554},{"text":"proceedings,","start":9108.586,"end":9109.277},{"text":"the","start":9109.871,"end":9109.951},{"text":"highest","start":9109.951,"end":9110.497},{"text":"number","start":9110.497,"end":9110.882},{"text":"of","start":9111.011,"end":9111.123},{"text":"written","start":9111.155,"end":9111.428},{"text":"statements","start":9111.476,"end":9112.038},{"text":"ever","start":9112.183,"end":9112.44},{"text":"filed","start":9112.44,"end":9112.841},{"text":"in","start":9112.986,"end":9113.13},{"text":"advisory","start":9113.162,"end":9113.692},{"text":"proceedings","start":9113.724,"end":9114.334},{"text":"before","start":9114.447,"end":9114.848},{"text":"the","start":9114.848,"end":9114.928},{"text":"Court.","start":9114.928,"end":9115.282}]},{"text":"This unprecedented level of participation reflects not only the global importance of the issue of climate change, but also the growing confidence of states in the Court as a source of clarity on complex legal issues..","start":9116.277,"end":9131.29,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining 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regrets that despite efforts and compromise on all sides, consensus could not be maintained for the adoption of this 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also acknowledge that some delegations would have preferred more ambitious goals for this text, while others would have taken a more conservative 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the cross-regional group of co-sponsors, together with the good support in the vote, demonstrates a clear commitment by states to give full effect to the advisory opinion.","start":9169.28,"end":9181.67,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9199.19,"end":9199.41},{"text":"welcome","start":9199.41,"end":9199.77},{"text":"the","start":9199.77,"end":9199.93},{"text":"inclusion","start":9199.93,"end":9200.33},{"text":"of","start":9200.33,"end":9200.53},{"text":"the","start":9200.53,"end":9200.81},{"text":"Court's","start":9200.81,"end":9200.99},{"text":"conclusions","start":9200.99,"end":9201.57},{"text":"in","start":9201.57,"end":9201.83},{"text":"the","start":9201.83,"end":9202.05},{"text":"preamble","start":9202.05,"end":9202.41},{"text":"paragraphs,","start":9202.41,"end":9203.31},{"text":"anchoring","start":9203.59,"end":9204.19},{"text":"our","start":9204.19,"end":9204.63},{"text":"action","start":9204.63,"end":9205.01},{"text":"in","start":9205.01,"end":9205.47},{"text":"its","start":9205.47,"end":9205.73},{"text":"reasoning.","start":9205.73,"end":9206.88}]},{"text":"We also greatly appreciate the efforts made including by those states most affected by climate change, to have the resolution mirror as closely as possible the ICJ advisory opinion, even when difficult compromises were required.","start":9207.05,"end":9223.14,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. 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actionable approach is reflected in the language of the resolution.","start":9290.74,"end":9295.079,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9290.74,"end":9290.98},{"text":"actionable","start":9290.98,"end":9291.8},{"text":"approach","start":9291.8,"end":9292.499},{"text":"is","start":9292.499,"end":9292.72},{"text":"reflected","start":9292.72,"end":9293.22},{"text":"in","start":9293.22,"end":9293.499},{"text":"the","start":9293.499,"end":9293.64},{"text":"language","start":9293.64,"end":9293.98},{"text":"of","start":9293.98,"end":9294.2},{"text":"the","start":9294.2,"end":9294.379},{"text":"resolution.","start":9294.379,"end":9295.079}]},{"text":"Madam President, the adoption of this follow-up resolution forms part of a wider process that was set in motion by young climate advocates.","start":9295.799,"end":9305.35,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":9295.799,"end":9295.919},{"text":"President,","start":9295.919,"end":9297.34},{"text":"the","start":9297.34,"end":9297.359},{"text":"adoption","start":9297.359,"end":9297.779},{"text":"of","start":9297.779,"end":9298.06},{"text":"this","start":9298.06,"end":9298.439},{"text":"follow-up","start":9298.439,"end":9298.8},{"text":"resolution","start":9298.8,"end":9299.42},{"text":"forms","start":9299.42,"end":9299.76},{"text":"part","start":9299.76,"end":9300.14},{"text":"of","start":9300.14,"end":9300.34},{"text":"a","start":9300.34,"end":9300.519},{"text":"wider","start":9300.519,"end":9300.82},{"text":"process","start":9300.82,"end":9301.34},{"text":"that","start":9301.34,"end":9301.56},{"text":"was","start":9301.56,"end":9301.8},{"text":"set","start":9301.8,"end":9302.06},{"text":"in","start":9302.06,"end":9302.26},{"text":"motion","start":9302.26,"end":9302.64},{"text":"by","start":9302.64,"end":9303.14},{"text":"young","start":9303.14,"end":9303.74},{"text":"climate","start":9303.74,"end":9304.2},{"text":"advocates.","start":9304.2,"end":9305.35}]},{"text":"It is our hope that this momentum will now return to their hands with tangible and positive outcomes, advancing our shared responsibility to build a more sustainable world with the conservation of the environment at its 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President, I take the floor to provide an explanation of my delegation's position on the resolution that has just been 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President, there is no doubt that climate change is a major challenge facing our planet, and no single country can respond to this challenge alone.","start":9348.019,"end":9356.34,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":9348.019,"end":9348.08},{"text":"President,","start":9348.08,"end":9349.16},{"text":"there","start":9349.16,"end":9349.16},{"text":"is","start":9349.16,"end":9349.36},{"text":"no","start":9349.36,"end":9349.539},{"text":"doubt","start":9349.539,"end":9349.94},{"text":"that","start":9349.94,"end":9350.38},{"text":"climate","start":9350.38,"end":9350.64},{"text":"change","start":9350.64,"end":9350.94},{"text":"is","start":9350.94,"end":9351.1},{"text":"a","start":9351.1,"end":9351.22},{"text":"major","start":9351.22,"end":9351.48},{"text":"challenge","start":9351.48,"end":9351.9},{"text":"facing","start":9351.9,"end":9352.26},{"text":"our","start":9352.26,"end":9352.5},{"text":"planet,","start":9352.5,"end":9353.15},{"text":"and","start":9353.44,"end":9353.58},{"text":"no","start":9353.58,"end":9353.74},{"text":"single","start":9353.74,"end":9354.02},{"text":"country","start":9354.02,"end":9354.38},{"text":"can","start":9354.38,"end":9354.6},{"text":"respond","start":9354.6,"end":9354.959},{"text":"to","start":9354.959,"end":9355.119},{"text":"this","start":9355.119,"end":9355.279},{"text":"challenge","start":9355.279,"end":9355.64},{"text":"alone.","start":9355.64,"end":9356.34}]},{"text":"Climate action requires international solidarity and cooperation, and in India's view, the UNFCCC and its Paris Agreement provide us an agreed-upon, equitable, and sophisticated architecture to realize our climate goals.","start":9357.28,"end":9371.72,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."},{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"Climate","start":9357.28,"end":9357.42},{"text":"action","start":9357.42,"end":9357.82},{"text":"requires","start":9357.82,"end":9358.26},{"text":"international","start":9358.26,"end":9358.8},{"text":"solidarity","start":9358.8,"end":9359.46},{"text":"and","start":9359.46,"end":9359.74},{"text":"cooperation,","start":9359.74,"end":9360.8},{"text":"and","start":9360.8,"end":9360.98},{"text":"in","start":9360.98,"end":9361.08},{"text":"India's","start":9361.08,"end":9361.52},{"text":"view,","start":9361.52,"end":9362.36},{"text":"the","start":9362.36,"end":9362.42},{"text":"UNFCCC","start":9362.42,"end":9363.26},{"text":"and","start":9363.26,"end":9363.46},{"text":"its","start":9363.46,"end":9363.62},{"text":"Paris","start":9363.62,"end":9363.96},{"text":"Agreement","start":9363.96,"end":9364.32},{"text":"provide","start":9364.32,"end":9364.7},{"text":"us","start":9364.7,"end":9364.94},{"text":"an","start":9364.94,"end":9365.2},{"text":"agreed-upon,","start":9365.2,"end":9366.05},{"text":"equitable,","start":9366.18,"end":9366.88},{"text":"and","start":9367.02,"end":9367.32},{"text":"sophisticated","start":9367.32,"end":9368.02},{"text":"architecture","start":9368.02,"end":9368.72},{"text":"to","start":9368.72,"end":9369.34},{"text":"realize","start":9369.34,"end":9369.8},{"text":"our","start":9369.8,"end":9370.04},{"text":"climate","start":9370.04,"end":9370.28},{"text":"goals.","start":9370.28,"end":9371.72}]},{"text":"All parties to the UNFCCC and its Paris Agreement have, in good faith, undertaken ambitious commitments based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibility and respective capabilities.","start":9371.72,"end":9383.86,"topics":[{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":9371.72,"end":9371.76},{"text":"parties","start":9371.76,"end":9372.18},{"text":"to","start":9372.18,"end":9372.46},{"text":"the","start":9372.46,"end":9372.5},{"text":"UNFCCC","start":9372.5,"end":9373.34},{"text":"and","start":9373.34,"end":9373.52},{"text":"its","start":9373.52,"end":9373.699},{"text":"Paris","start":9373.699,"end":9374},{"text":"Agreement","start":9374,"end":9374.46},{"text":"have,","start":9374.46,"end":9375.2},{"text":"in","start":9375.2,"end":9375.44},{"text":"good","start":9375.44,"end":9375.62},{"text":"faith,","start":9375.62,"end":9376.219},{"text":"undertaken","start":9376.6,"end":9376.9},{"text":"ambitious","start":9376.9,"end":9377.4},{"text":"commitments","start":9377.4,"end":9378},{"text":"based","start":9378,"end":9378.58},{"text":"on","start":9378.58,"end":9378.84},{"text":"the","start":9378.84,"end":9378.9},{"text":"principle","start":9378.9,"end":9379.26},{"text":"of","start":9379.26,"end":9379.48},{"text":"common","start":9379.48,"end":9379.78},{"text":"but","start":9379.78,"end":9380.04},{"text":"differentiated","start":9380.04,"end":9380.719},{"text":"responsibility","start":9380.719,"end":9381.52},{"text":"and","start":9381.52,"end":9381.7},{"text":"respective","start":9381.7,"end":9382.16},{"text":"capabilities.","start":9382.16,"end":9383.86}]},{"text":"For India, Cbdr-Rc and Equity is not a mere slogan but guides climate action.","start":9384.02,"end":9390.13,"topics":[{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":9384.02,"end":9384.12},{"text":"India,","start":9384.12,"end":9385.16},{"text":"Cbdr-Rc","start":9385.16,"end":9385.98},{"text":"and","start":9385.98,"end":9386.14},{"text":"Equity","start":9386.14,"end":9386.48},{"text":"is","start":9386.48,"end":9386.9},{"text":"not","start":9386.9,"end":9387.22},{"text":"a","start":9387.22,"end":9387.44},{"text":"mere","start":9387.44,"end":9387.6},{"text":"slogan","start":9387.6,"end":9388.02},{"text":"but","start":9388.02,"end":9388.62},{"text":"guides","start":9388.62,"end":9388.96},{"text":"climate","start":9388.96,"end":9389.28},{"text":"action.","start":9389.28,"end":9390.13}]},{"text":"Those that have historically contributed to climate change bear the responsibility to provide the means of implementation to countries of the Global South so that they may be able to fulfill their ambitious climate targets.","start":9390.58,"end":9401.973,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."},{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"Those","start":9390.58,"end":9390.9},{"text":"that","start":9390.9,"end":9391.08},{"text":"have","start":9391.08,"end":9391.3},{"text":"historically","start":9391.3,"end":9391.74},{"text":"contributed","start":9391.74,"end":9392.4},{"text":"to","start":9392.4,"end":9392.62},{"text":"climate","start":9392.62,"end":9392.9},{"text":"change","start":9392.9,"end":9393.3},{"text":"bear","start":9393.616,"end":9393.792},{"text":"the","start":9393.792,"end":9393.873},{"text":"responsibility","start":9393.873,"end":9394.755},{"text":"to","start":9395.3,"end":9395.397},{"text":"provide","start":9395.397,"end":9395.782},{"text":"the","start":9395.782,"end":9395.846},{"text":"means","start":9395.846,"end":9396.118},{"text":"of","start":9396.118,"end":9396.215},{"text":"implementation","start":9396.215,"end":9396.969},{"text":"to","start":9397.065,"end":9397.161},{"text":"countries","start":9397.161,"end":9397.626},{"text":"of","start":9397.626,"end":9397.69},{"text":"the","start":9397.722,"end":9397.803},{"text":"Global","start":9397.803,"end":9398.124},{"text":"South","start":9398.124,"end":9398.525},{"text":"so","start":9398.942,"end":9399.166},{"text":"that","start":9399.166,"end":9399.295},{"text":"they","start":9399.327,"end":9399.487},{"text":"may","start":9399.487,"end":9399.647},{"text":"be","start":9399.647,"end":9399.824},{"text":"able","start":9399.824,"end":9400.032},{"text":"to","start":9400.032,"end":9400.129},{"text":"fulfill","start":9400.129,"end":9400.53},{"text":"their","start":9400.53,"end":9400.706},{"text":"ambitious","start":9400.706,"end":9401.171},{"text":"climate","start":9401.171,"end":9401.492},{"text":"targets.","start":9401.492,"end":9401.973}]},{"text":"This is a fair expectation and indeed a legal obligation that clearly falls within the ambit of the UNFCCC architecture.","start":9402.84,"end":9409.609,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."},{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9402.84,"end":9402.904},{"text":"is","start":9402.952,"end":9403.096},{"text":"a","start":9403.096,"end":9403.112},{"text":"fair","start":9403.16,"end":9403.433},{"text":"expectation","start":9403.433,"end":9404.171},{"text":"and","start":9404.684,"end":9404.749},{"text":"indeed","start":9404.781,"end":9405.069},{"text":"a","start":9405.182,"end":9405.198},{"text":"legal","start":9405.262,"end":9405.599},{"text":"obligation","start":9405.647,"end":9406.192},{"text":"that","start":9406.288,"end":9406.385},{"text":"clearly","start":9406.385,"end":9406.754},{"text":"falls","start":9406.786,"end":9407.155},{"text":"within","start":9407.171,"end":9407.347},{"text":"the","start":9407.427,"end":9407.572},{"text":"ambit","start":9407.652,"end":9407.957},{"text":"of","start":9408.053,"end":9408.117},{"text":"the","start":9408.165,"end":9408.229},{"text":"UNFCCC","start":9408.39,"end":9408.791},{"text":"architecture.","start":9409.096,"end":9409.609}]},{"text":"Madam President, sustainable development and poverty eradication remain the overriding priorities of developing countries.","start":9411.117,"end":9418.063,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":9411.117,"end":9411.325},{"text":"President,","start":9411.357,"end":9411.919},{"text":"sustainable","start":9412.256,"end":9412.833},{"text":"development","start":9412.881,"end":9413.443},{"text":"and","start":9413.587,"end":9413.651},{"text":"poverty","start":9413.683,"end":9414.004},{"text":"eradication","start":9414.068,"end":9414.694},{"text":"remain","start":9415.352,"end":9415.657},{"text":"the","start":9415.689,"end":9415.881},{"text":"overriding","start":9415.929,"end":9416.394},{"text":"priorities","start":9416.491,"end":9417.02},{"text":"of","start":9417.068,"end":9417.148},{"text":"developing","start":9417.213,"end":9417.581},{"text":"countries.","start":9417.678,"end":9418.063}]},{"text":"Any transition in energy systems must therefore be just, orderly and equitable, taking into account the need for energy access, economic growth and social development.","start":9418.961,"end":9428.657,"topics":[{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":9418.961,"end":9419.154},{"text":"transition","start":9419.154,"end":9419.699},{"text":"in","start":9419.699,"end":9419.747},{"text":"energy","start":9419.843,"end":9420.116},{"text":"systems","start":9420.116,"end":9420.629},{"text":"must","start":9420.886,"end":9421.126},{"text":"therefore","start":9421.126,"end":9421.447},{"text":"be","start":9421.447,"end":9421.543},{"text":"just,","start":9421.607,"end":9422.023},{"text":"orderly","start":9422.248,"end":9422.584},{"text":"and","start":9422.584,"end":9422.728},{"text":"equitable,","start":9422.728,"end":9423.145},{"text":"taking","start":9423.786,"end":9424.01},{"text":"into","start":9424.09,"end":9424.299},{"text":"account","start":9424.331,"end":9424.731},{"text":"the","start":9424.731,"end":9424.795},{"text":"need","start":9424.795,"end":9425.052},{"text":"for","start":9425.052,"end":9425.148},{"text":"energy","start":9425.212,"end":9425.516},{"text":"access,","start":9425.532,"end":9425.901},{"text":"economic","start":9426.35,"end":9426.782},{"text":"growth","start":9426.83,"end":9427.151},{"text":"and","start":9427.615,"end":9427.695},{"text":"social","start":9427.711,"end":9428.048},{"text":"development.","start":9428.048,"end":9428.657}]},{"text":"The resolution does not adequately recognize these imperatives and constrains policy space for developing countries.","start":9429.554,"end":9435.29,"topics":[{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9429.554,"end":9429.634},{"text":"resolution","start":9429.634,"end":9430.163},{"text":"does","start":9430.195,"end":9430.323},{"text":"not","start":9430.355,"end":9430.547},{"text":"adequately","start":9430.676,"end":9431.156},{"text":"recognize","start":9431.156,"end":9431.685},{"text":"these","start":9431.717,"end":9431.941},{"text":"imperatives","start":9431.941,"end":9432.486},{"text":"and","start":9432.759,"end":9432.823},{"text":"constrains","start":9432.919,"end":9433.448},{"text":"policy","start":9433.48,"end":9433.848},{"text":"space","start":9433.88,"end":9434.169},{"text":"for","start":9434.281,"end":9434.441},{"text":"developing","start":9434.441,"end":9434.81},{"text":"countries.","start":9434.906,"end":9435.29}]},{"text":"It is further a case of insult to injury that there is absolutely no reference to the necessity of developed countries continuing to take the lead in mitigation and providing adequate and predictable financing, technology transfer and capacity building to developing countries in order for them to undertake such transitions.","start":9436.348,"end":9454.34,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."},{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."},{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":9436.348,"end":9436.444},{"text":"is","start":9436.444,"end":9436.492},{"text":"further","start":9436.588,"end":9436.86},{"text":"a","start":9436.86,"end":9436.989},{"text":"case","start":9436.989,"end":9437.197},{"text":"of","start":9437.71,"end":9437.758},{"text":"insult","start":9437.886,"end":9438.286},{"text":"to","start":9438.286,"end":9438.383},{"text":"injury","start":9438.383,"end":9438.735},{"text":"that","start":9439.232,"end":9439.328},{"text":"there","start":9439.328,"end":9439.488},{"text":"is","start":9439.488,"end":9439.632},{"text":"absolutely","start":9439.632,"end":9440.145},{"text":"no","start":9440.145,"end":9440.289},{"text":"reference","start":9440.369,"end":9440.834},{"text":"to","start":9440.834,"end":9440.93},{"text":"the","start":9440.93,"end":9441.026},{"text":"necessity","start":9441.026,"end":9441.571},{"text":"of","start":9441.571,"end":9441.667},{"text":"developed","start":9441.715,"end":9442.148},{"text":"countries","start":9442.196,"end":9442.581},{"text":"continuing","start":9442.773,"end":9443.286},{"text":"to","start":9443.334,"end":9443.494},{"text":"take","start":9443.494,"end":9443.718},{"text":"the","start":9443.718,"end":9443.798},{"text":"lead","start":9443.814,"end":9444.023},{"text":"in","start":9444.119,"end":9444.215},{"text":"mitigation","start":9444.215,"end":9444.744},{"text":"and","start":9445.336,"end":9445.401},{"text":"providing","start":9445.497,"end":9445.849},{"text":"adequate","start":9446.041,"end":9446.426},{"text":"and","start":9446.458,"end":9446.522},{"text":"predictable","start":9446.538,"end":9447.083},{"text":"financing,","start":9447.083,"end":9447.628},{"text":"technology","start":9447.804,"end":9448.269},{"text":"transfer","start":9448.301,"end":9448.717},{"text":"and","start":9449.01,"end":9449.41},{"text":"capacity","start":9449.41,"end":9449.85},{"text":"building","start":9449.85,"end":9450.21},{"text":"to","start":9450.21,"end":9450.41},{"text":"developing","start":9450.41,"end":9450.81},{"text":"countries","start":9450.81,"end":9451.35},{"text":"in","start":9451.35,"end":9451.87},{"text":"order","start":9451.87,"end":9452.07},{"text":"for","start":9452.07,"end":9452.45},{"text":"them","start":9452.45,"end":9452.45},{"text":"to","start":9452.45,"end":9452.51},{"text":"undertake","start":9452.51,"end":9453.109},{"text":"such","start":9453.109,"end":9453.389},{"text":"transitions.","start":9453.389,"end":9454.34}]},{"text":"The term climate finance appears nowhere in the text.","start":9455.349,"end":9458.33,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9455.349,"end":9455.389},{"text":"term","start":9455.389,"end":9455.649},{"text":"climate","start":9455.649,"end":9455.97},{"text":"finance","start":9455.97,"end":9456.49},{"text":"appears","start":9456.49,"end":9456.809},{"text":"nowhere","start":9456.809,"end":9457.19},{"text":"in","start":9457.19,"end":9457.41},{"text":"the","start":9457.41,"end":9457.53},{"text":"text.","start":9457.53,"end":9458.33}]},{"text":"It is now a well-documented fact that the climate finance goal agreed to in 2024 falls short of the needs of developing countries and deserved more attention in a resolution that deals with obligations of states in respect of climate change, particularly since the Court's advisory opinion itself does not shy away from doing so.","start":9458.629,"end":9475.81,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":9458.629,"end":9458.65},{"text":"is","start":9458.65,"end":9458.81},{"text":"now","start":9458.81,"end":9459.049},{"text":"a","start":9459.049,"end":9459.129},{"text":"well-documented","start":9459.129,"end":9459.81},{"text":"fact","start":9459.81,"end":9460.31},{"text":"that","start":9460.31,"end":9460.81},{"text":"the","start":9460.81,"end":9460.97},{"text":"climate","start":9460.97,"end":9461.25},{"text":"finance","start":9461.25,"end":9461.69},{"text":"goal","start":9461.69,"end":9461.97},{"text":"agreed","start":9461.97,"end":9462.289},{"text":"to","start":9462.289,"end":9462.51},{"text":"in","start":9462.51,"end":9462.57},{"text":"2024","start":9462.57,"end":9463.47},{"text":"falls","start":9463.47,"end":9463.99},{"text":"short","start":9463.99,"end":9464.33},{"text":"of","start":9464.33,"end":9464.549},{"text":"the","start":9464.549,"end":9464.57},{"text":"needs","start":9464.57,"end":9464.81},{"text":"of","start":9464.81,"end":9464.99},{"text":"developing","start":9464.99,"end":9465.39},{"text":"countries","start":9465.39,"end":9465.91},{"text":"and","start":9465.91,"end":9466.43},{"text":"deserved","start":9466.43,"end":9466.75},{"text":"more","start":9466.75,"end":9467.01},{"text":"attention","start":9467.01,"end":9467.53},{"text":"in","start":9467.53,"end":9467.79},{"text":"a","start":9467.79,"end":9467.91},{"text":"resolution","start":9467.91,"end":9468.33},{"text":"that","start":9468.33,"end":9468.57},{"text":"deals","start":9468.57,"end":9468.79},{"text":"with","start":9468.79,"end":9468.97},{"text":"obligations","start":9468.97,"end":9469.47},{"text":"of","start":9469.47,"end":9469.75},{"text":"states","start":9469.75,"end":9470.01},{"text":"in","start":9470.01,"end":9470.25},{"text":"respect","start":9470.25,"end":9470.59},{"text":"of","start":9470.59,"end":9470.79},{"text":"climate","start":9470.79,"end":9471.09},{"text":"change,","start":9471.09,"end":9471.79},{"text":"particularly","start":9471.93,"end":9472.35},{"text":"since","start":9472.35,"end":9472.71},{"text":"the","start":9472.71,"end":9472.85},{"text":"Court's","start":9472.85,"end":9473.13},{"text":"advisory","start":9473.13,"end":9473.53},{"text":"opinion","start":9473.53,"end":9473.95},{"text":"itself","start":9473.95,"end":9474.29},{"text":"does","start":9474.29,"end":9474.51},{"text":"not","start":9474.51,"end":9474.75},{"text":"shy","start":9474.75,"end":9474.89},{"text":"away","start":9474.89,"end":9475.11},{"text":"from","start":9475.11,"end":9475.29},{"text":"doing","start":9475.29,"end":9475.47},{"text":"so.","start":9475.47,"end":9475.81}]},{"text":"This, in our view, is a serious omission.","start":9476.01,"end":9479.05,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."}],"words":[{"text":"This,","start":9476.01,"end":9476.76},{"text":"in","start":9476.76,"end":9477.04},{"text":"our","start":9477.04,"end":9477.26},{"text":"view,","start":9477.26,"end":9477.8},{"text":"is","start":9477.8,"end":9477.92},{"text":"a","start":9477.92,"end":9478},{"text":"serious","start":9478,"end":9478.3},{"text":"omission.","start":9478.3,"end":9479.05}]},{"text":"Furthermore, the draft resolution falls short of clearly reflecting the advisory and non-binding nature of the Court's opinion.","start":9479.92,"end":9487.699,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Furthermore,","start":9479.92,"end":9480.86},{"text":"the","start":9480.86,"end":9480.92},{"text":"draft","start":9480.92,"end":9481.2},{"text":"resolution","start":9481.2,"end":9481.74},{"text":"falls","start":9481.74,"end":9482.04},{"text":"short","start":9482.04,"end":9482.36},{"text":"of","start":9482.36,"end":9482.599},{"text":"clearly","start":9482.599,"end":9482.86},{"text":"reflecting","start":9482.86,"end":9483.42},{"text":"the","start":9483.42,"end":9483.66},{"text":"advisory","start":9483.66,"end":9484.199},{"text":"and","start":9484.199,"end":9484.8},{"text":"non-binding","start":9484.8,"end":9485.58},{"text":"nature","start":9485.58,"end":9485.92},{"text":"of","start":9485.92,"end":9486.199},{"text":"the","start":9486.199,"end":9486.5},{"text":"Court's","start":9486.5,"end":9486.68},{"text":"opinion.","start":9486.68,"end":9487.699}]},{"text":"We are therefore seriously concerned that the resolution undermines the sacrosanct architecture of the UNFCCC process by elevating an advisory opinion to a binding or quasi-binding status, attempting to impose obligations on developing countries that have not been multilaterally agreed upon.","start":9487.699,"end":9504.09,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."},{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."},{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9487.699,"end":9487.779},{"text":"are","start":9487.779,"end":9487.86},{"text":"therefore","start":9487.86,"end":9488.14},{"text":"seriously","start":9488.14,"end":9488.539},{"text":"concerned","start":9488.539,"end":9489.06},{"text":"that","start":9489.06,"end":9489.34},{"text":"the","start":9489.34,"end":9489.44},{"text":"resolution","start":9489.44,"end":9489.88},{"text":"undermines","start":9489.88,"end":9490.5},{"text":"the","start":9490.5,"end":9490.8},{"text":"sacrosanct","start":9490.8,"end":9491.24},{"text":"architecture","start":9491.24,"end":9491.779},{"text":"of","start":9491.779,"end":9492.06},{"text":"the","start":9492.06,"end":9492.22},{"text":"UNFCCC","start":9492.22,"end":9492.84},{"text":"process","start":9492.84,"end":9493.34},{"text":"by","start":9493.34,"end":9494.04},{"text":"elevating","start":9494.04,"end":9494.64},{"text":"an","start":9494.64,"end":9494.84},{"text":"advisory","start":9494.84,"end":9495.3},{"text":"opinion","start":9495.3,"end":9495.74},{"text":"to","start":9495.74,"end":9496.06},{"text":"a","start":9496.06,"end":9496.24},{"text":"binding","start":9496.24,"end":9496.62},{"text":"or","start":9496.62,"end":9496.78},{"text":"quasi-binding","start":9496.78,"end":9497.66},{"text":"status,","start":9497.66,"end":9498.56},{"text":"attempting","start":9498.56,"end":9499.04},{"text":"to","start":9499.04,"end":9499.28},{"text":"impose","start":9499.28,"end":9499.6},{"text":"obligations","start":9499.6,"end":9500.18},{"text":"on","start":9500.18,"end":9500.42},{"text":"developing","start":9500.42,"end":9500.84},{"text":"countries","start":9500.84,"end":9501.34},{"text":"that","start":9501.51,"end":9501.73},{"text":"have","start":9501.73,"end":9501.95},{"text":"not","start":9501.95,"end":9502.209},{"text":"been","start":9502.209,"end":9502.51},{"text":"multilaterally","start":9502.51,"end":9503.11},{"text":"agreed","start":9503.11,"end":9503.39},{"text":"upon.","start":9503.39,"end":9504.09}]},{"text":"This is a dangerous precedent that we must all be wary of.","start":9504.47,"end":9507.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9504.47,"end":9504.51},{"text":"is","start":9504.51,"end":9504.67},{"text":"a","start":9504.67,"end":9504.83},{"text":"dangerous","start":9504.83,"end":9505.25},{"text":"precedent","start":9505.25,"end":9505.83},{"text":"that","start":9505.83,"end":9506.17},{"text":"we","start":9506.17,"end":9506.33},{"text":"must","start":9506.33,"end":9506.569},{"text":"all","start":9506.569,"end":9506.849},{"text":"be","start":9506.849,"end":9506.99},{"text":"wary","start":9506.99,"end":9507.269},{"text":"of.","start":9507.269,"end":9507.97}]},{"text":"Madam President, India further underscores that the nationally determined nature of climate action must be fully respected.","start":9508.569,"end":9515.47,"topics":[{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."},{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":9508.569,"end":9508.59},{"text":"President,","start":9508.59,"end":9509.61},{"text":"India","start":9509.61,"end":9509.89},{"text":"further","start":9509.89,"end":9510.129},{"text":"underscores","start":9510.129,"end":9510.75},{"text":"that","start":9510.75,"end":9511.35},{"text":"the","start":9511.35,"end":9511.51},{"text":"nationally","start":9511.51,"end":9511.95},{"text":"determined","start":9511.95,"end":9512.53},{"text":"nature","start":9512.53,"end":9512.93},{"text":"of","start":9512.93,"end":9513.129},{"text":"climate","start":9513.129,"end":9513.41},{"text":"action","start":9513.41,"end":9513.85},{"text":"must","start":9513.85,"end":9514.049},{"text":"be","start":9514.049,"end":9514.47},{"text":"fully","start":9514.47,"end":9514.47},{"text":"respected.","start":9514.47,"end":9515.47}]},{"text":"The resolution prescribes specific mitigation pathways, imposes external benchmarks for ambition, and creates conditions that may invite judicial or quasi-judicial scrutiny of nationally nationally determined contributions.","start":9515.89,"end":9528.65,"topics":[{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9515.89,"end":9515.93},{"text":"resolution","start":9515.93,"end":9516.47},{"text":"prescribes","start":9516.47,"end":9517.15},{"text":"specific","start":9517.15,"end":9517.83},{"text":"mitigation","start":9517.83,"end":9518.37},{"text":"pathways,","start":9518.37,"end":9519.59},{"text":"imposes","start":9519.59,"end":9519.93},{"text":"external","start":9519.93,"end":9520.43},{"text":"benchmarks","start":9520.43,"end":9520.95},{"text":"for","start":9520.95,"end":9521.15},{"text":"ambition,","start":9521.15,"end":9522.19},{"text":"and","start":9522.19,"end":9522.27},{"text":"creates","start":9522.27,"end":9522.63},{"text":"conditions","start":9522.63,"end":9523.23},{"text":"that","start":9523.23,"end":9523.55},{"text":"may","start":9523.55,"end":9523.81},{"text":"invite","start":9523.81,"end":9524.29},{"text":"judicial","start":9524.29,"end":9524.93},{"text":"or","start":9524.93,"end":9525.13},{"text":"quasi-judicial","start":9525.13,"end":9526.05},{"text":"scrutiny","start":9526.05,"end":9526.61},{"text":"of","start":9526.61,"end":9526.89},{"text":"nationally","start":9526.89,"end":9527.27},{"text":"nationally","start":9527.46,"end":9527.8},{"text":"determined","start":9527.8,"end":9527.8},{"text":"contributions.","start":9527.8,"end":9528.65}]},{"text":"This seriously undermines national policy space and disrupts the bottom-up architecture of the Paris Agreement.","start":9529.44,"end":9536.52,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."},{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":9529.44,"end":9529.44},{"text":"seriously","start":9529.44,"end":9530.1},{"text":"undermines","start":9530.1,"end":9530.68},{"text":"national","start":9530.68,"end":9531.08},{"text":"policy","start":9531.08,"end":9531.46},{"text":"space","start":9531.46,"end":9532.059},{"text":"and","start":9532.059,"end":9532.46},{"text":"disrupts","start":9532.46,"end":9533.46},{"text":"the","start":9533.46,"end":9533.46},{"text":"bottom-up","start":9533.46,"end":9534.019},{"text":"architecture","start":9534.019,"end":9534.54},{"text":"of","start":9534.54,"end":9534.82},{"text":"the","start":9534.82,"end":9534.92},{"text":"Paris","start":9534.92,"end":9535.219},{"text":"Agreement.","start":9535.219,"end":9536.52}]},{"text":"Furthermore, the references to the first global stocktake are inaccurate and lopsided.","start":9536.56,"end":9541.88,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. 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Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":9558.95,"end":9559.629},{"text":"the","start":9559.629,"end":9559.669},{"text":"resolution","start":9559.669,"end":9560.169},{"text":"calls","start":9560.169,"end":9560.47},{"text":"for","start":9560.47,"end":9560.69},{"text":"the","start":9560.69,"end":9560.77},{"text":"implementation","start":9560.77,"end":9561.33},{"text":"of","start":9561.33,"end":9561.57},{"text":"specific","start":9561.57,"end":9562.01},{"text":"elements,","start":9562.01,"end":9562.76},{"text":"including","start":9563.01,"end":9563.09},{"text":"paragraph","start":9563.09,"end":9563.49},{"text":"28,","start":9563.49,"end":9564.49},{"text":"which","start":9564.67,"end":9564.689},{"text":"was","start":9564.689,"end":9564.95},{"text":"not","start":9564.95,"end":9565.15},{"text":"consistent","start":9565.15,"end":9565.769},{"text":"with","start":9565.769,"end":9566.05},{"text":"the","start":9566.05,"end":9566.189},{"text":"agreed","start":9566.189,"end":9566.51},{"text":"mandate","start":9566.51,"end":9566.99},{"text":"of","start":9566.99,"end":9567.33},{"text":"the","start":9567.33,"end":9567.529},{"text":"GST.","start":9567.98,"end":9568.73}]},{"text":"We also regret that the resolution does not adequately reflect the full scope of the stocktake outcomes, including findings relating to adaptation gaps and means of implementation.","start":9568.73,"end":9578.36,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."},{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9568.73,"end":9568.91},{"text":"also","start":9568.91,"end":9569.19},{"text":"regret","start":9569.19,"end":9569.49},{"text":"that","start":9569.49,"end":9569.73},{"text":"the","start":9569.73,"end":9569.81},{"text":"resolution","start":9569.81,"end":9570.27},{"text":"does","start":9570.27,"end":9570.59},{"text":"not","start":9570.59,"end":9570.83},{"text":"adequately","start":9570.83,"end":9571.29},{"text":"reflect","start":9571.29,"end":9571.75},{"text":"the","start":9571.75,"end":9571.99},{"text":"full","start":9571.99,"end":9572.15},{"text":"scope","start":9572.15,"end":9572.47},{"text":"of","start":9572.47,"end":9572.69},{"text":"the","start":9572.69,"end":9572.87},{"text":"stocktake","start":9572.87,"end":9573.31},{"text":"outcomes,","start":9573.31,"end":9574.05},{"text":"including","start":9574.05,"end":9574.43},{"text":"findings","start":9574.43,"end":9575.01},{"text":"relating","start":9575.01,"end":9575.49},{"text":"to","start":9575.49,"end":9575.97},{"text":"adaptation","start":9575.97,"end":9576.41},{"text":"gaps","start":9576.41,"end":9576.91},{"text":"and","start":9576.91,"end":9577.21},{"text":"means","start":9577.21,"end":9577.45},{"text":"of","start":9577.45,"end":9577.61},{"text":"implementation.","start":9577.61,"end":9578.36}]},{"text":"Madam President, India engaged constructively during the negotiations of this resolution and clarified its concerns and positions at every stage.","start":9579.414,"end":9587.326,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":9579.414,"end":9579.671},{"text":"President,","start":9579.719,"end":9580.233},{"text":"India","start":9580.618,"end":9580.811},{"text":"engaged","start":9580.843,"end":9581.388},{"text":"constructively","start":9581.485,"end":9582.191},{"text":"during","start":9582.223,"end":9582.431},{"text":"the","start":9582.544,"end":9582.624},{"text":"negotiations","start":9582.624,"end":9583.314},{"text":"of","start":9583.33,"end":9583.491},{"text":"this","start":9583.491,"end":9583.587},{"text":"resolution","start":9583.667,"end":9584.197},{"text":"and","start":9584.469,"end":9584.534},{"text":"clarified","start":9584.614,"end":9585.127},{"text":"its","start":9585.127,"end":9585.336},{"text":"concerns","start":9585.336,"end":9585.753},{"text":"and","start":9585.753,"end":9585.866},{"text":"positions","start":9585.914,"end":9586.411},{"text":"at","start":9586.475,"end":9586.7},{"text":"every","start":9586.7,"end":9586.957},{"text":"stage.","start":9586.957,"end":9587.326}]},{"text":"We are therefore disappointed that our concerns were not addressed despite our best efforts to find common ground.","start":9588,"end":9593.617,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9588,"end":9588.096},{"text":"are","start":9588.225,"end":9588.321},{"text":"therefore","start":9588.321,"end":9588.626},{"text":"disappointed","start":9588.626,"end":9589.203},{"text":"that","start":9589.203,"end":9589.428},{"text":"our","start":9589.428,"end":9589.508},{"text":"concerns","start":9589.508,"end":9589.894},{"text":"were","start":9589.99,"end":9590.022},{"text":"not","start":9590.022,"end":9590.311},{"text":"addressed","start":9590.311,"end":9590.776},{"text":"despite","start":9591.129,"end":9591.595},{"text":"our","start":9591.595,"end":9591.659},{"text":"best","start":9591.675,"end":9592.076},{"text":"efforts","start":9592.076,"end":9592.381},{"text":"to","start":9592.493,"end":9592.622},{"text":"find","start":9592.638,"end":9592.894},{"text":"common","start":9592.894,"end":9593.151},{"text":"ground.","start":9593.215,"end":9593.617}]},{"text":"Yet India is a champion of climate action, having itself undertaken ambitious climate commitments in its recently updated NDCs by raising its emissions intensity reduction target to 47% by 2035 from 2005 levels committing to achieve 60% of installed electric power capacity from non-fossil fuel sources by 2035, and strengthening its carbon sink target to 3.5 to 4 billion tons of CO2 equivalent through additional forest and tree cover, India walks the talk on climate ambition.","start":9594.403,"end":9626.46,"topics":[{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."}],"words":[{"text":"Yet","start":9594.403,"end":9594.724},{"text":"India","start":9595.302,"end":9595.51},{"text":"is","start":9595.526,"end":9595.671},{"text":"a","start":9595.687,"end":9595.767},{"text":"champion","start":9595.767,"end":9596.152},{"text":"of","start":9596.184,"end":9596.345},{"text":"climate","start":9596.345,"end":9596.714},{"text":"action,","start":9596.73,"end":9597.035},{"text":"having","start":9597.452,"end":9597.677},{"text":"itself","start":9597.773,"end":9598.174},{"text":"undertaken","start":9598.174,"end":9598.64},{"text":"ambitious","start":9598.672,"end":9599.121},{"text":"climate","start":9599.233,"end":9599.554},{"text":"commitments","start":9599.554,"end":9600.052},{"text":"in","start":9600.196,"end":9600.244},{"text":"its","start":9600.292,"end":9600.501},{"text":"recently","start":9600.501,"end":9601.015},{"text":"updated","start":9601.015,"end":9601.464},{"text":"NDCs","start":9601.464,"end":9602.042},{"text":"by","start":9602.684,"end":9602.796},{"text":"raising","start":9602.844,"end":9603.181},{"text":"its","start":9603.245,"end":9603.422},{"text":"emissions","start":9603.422,"end":9603.967},{"text":"intensity","start":9603.967,"end":9604.529},{"text":"reduction","start":9604.529,"end":9604.962},{"text":"target","start":9605.01,"end":9605.331},{"text":"to","start":9605.331,"end":9605.412},{"text":"47%","start":9605.412,"end":9606.005},{"text":"by","start":9606.053,"end":9606.15},{"text":"2035","start":9606.15,"end":9607.402},{"text":"from","start":9607.402,"end":9607.578},{"text":"2005","start":9607.578,"end":9608.316},{"text":"levels","start":9608.364,"end":9608.669},{"text":"committing","start":9609.01,"end":9609.81},{"text":"to","start":9609.81,"end":9610.01},{"text":"achieve","start":9610.01,"end":9610.33},{"text":"60%","start":9610.33,"end":9611.19},{"text":"of","start":9611.19,"end":9611.33},{"text":"installed","start":9611.33,"end":9611.79},{"text":"electric","start":9611.79,"end":9612.33},{"text":"power","start":9612.33,"end":9612.65},{"text":"capacity","start":9612.65,"end":9613.13},{"text":"from","start":9613.13,"end":9613.409},{"text":"non-fossil","start":9613.409,"end":9614.13},{"text":"fuel","start":9614.13,"end":9614.449},{"text":"sources","start":9614.449,"end":9614.869},{"text":"by","start":9614.869,"end":9615.069},{"text":"2035,","start":9615.069,"end":9616.119},{"text":"and","start":9616.79,"end":9616.869},{"text":"strengthening","start":9616.869,"end":9617.33},{"text":"its","start":9617.33,"end":9617.629},{"text":"carbon","start":9617.629,"end":9617.95},{"text":"sink","start":9617.95,"end":9618.209},{"text":"target","start":9618.209,"end":9618.53},{"text":"to","start":9618.53,"end":9618.79},{"text":"3.5","start":9618.79,"end":9619.79},{"text":"to","start":9619.79,"end":9619.87},{"text":"4","start":9619.87,"end":9620.15},{"text":"billion","start":9620.15,"end":9620.469},{"text":"tons","start":9620.469,"end":9620.73},{"text":"of","start":9620.73,"end":9620.91},{"text":"CO2","start":9620.91,"end":9621.29},{"text":"equivalent","start":9621.29,"end":9621.79},{"text":"through","start":9621.79,"end":9622.31},{"text":"additional","start":9622.31,"end":9622.709},{"text":"forest","start":9622.709,"end":9623.07},{"text":"and","start":9623.07,"end":9623.25},{"text":"tree","start":9623.25,"end":9623.43},{"text":"cover,","start":9623.43,"end":9624.379},{"text":"India","start":9624.67,"end":9624.79},{"text":"walks","start":9624.79,"end":9625.05},{"text":"the","start":9625.05,"end":9625.21},{"text":"talk","start":9625.21,"end":9625.43},{"text":"on","start":9625.43,"end":9625.63},{"text":"climate","start":9625.63,"end":9625.91},{"text":"ambition.","start":9625.91,"end":9626.46}]},{"text":"Madam President, as a large country with diverse climatic zones from mountain ecosystems to coral reefs, and islands in the Indian Ocean, coupled with populations vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change, India has deep sympathies with our brothers and sisters of the Pacific region and indeed with the wider SIDS community.","start":9627.89,"end":9646.76,"topics":[{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer most. This included repeated references to small island developing States, least developed countries, and frontline populations facing existential and unequal harms."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":9627.89,"end":9627.93},{"text":"President,","start":9627.93,"end":9629.07},{"text":"as","start":9629.07,"end":9629.13},{"text":"a","start":9629.13,"end":9629.29},{"text":"large","start":9629.29,"end":9629.61},{"text":"country","start":9629.61,"end":9630.05},{"text":"with","start":9630.05,"end":9630.39},{"text":"diverse","start":9630.39,"end":9630.85},{"text":"climatic","start":9630.85,"end":9631.31},{"text":"zones","start":9631.31,"end":9631.71},{"text":"from","start":9631.71,"end":9632.23},{"text":"mountain","start":9632.23,"end":9632.65},{"text":"ecosystems","start":9632.65,"end":9633.29},{"text":"to","start":9633.29,"end":9633.53},{"text":"coral","start":9633.53,"end":9633.83},{"text":"reefs,","start":9633.83,"end":9634.35},{"text":"and","start":9634.38,"end":9634.6},{"text":"islands","start":9634.6,"end":9635},{"text":"in","start":9635,"end":9635.22},{"text":"the","start":9635.22,"end":9635.36},{"text":"Indian","start":9635.36,"end":9635.64},{"text":"Ocean,","start":9635.64,"end":9636.34},{"text":"coupled","start":9636.94,"end":9637},{"text":"with","start":9637,"end":9637.22},{"text":"populations","start":9637.22,"end":9637.82},{"text":"vulnerable","start":9637.82,"end":9638.339},{"text":"to","start":9638.339,"end":9638.639},{"text":"the","start":9638.639,"end":9638.74},{"text":"adverse","start":9638.74,"end":9639.04},{"text":"impacts","start":9639.04,"end":9639.42},{"text":"of","start":9639.42,"end":9639.62},{"text":"climate","start":9639.62,"end":9639.96},{"text":"change,","start":9639.96,"end":9640.809},{"text":"India","start":9640.979,"end":9641.16},{"text":"has","start":9641.16,"end":9641.38},{"text":"deep","start":9641.38,"end":9641.62},{"text":"sympathies","start":9641.62,"end":9642.12},{"text":"with","start":9642.12,"end":9642.259},{"text":"our","start":9642.259,"end":9642.38},{"text":"brothers","start":9642.38,"end":9642.64},{"text":"and","start":9642.64,"end":9642.88},{"text":"sisters","start":9642.88,"end":9643.159},{"text":"of","start":9643.159,"end":9643.38},{"text":"the","start":9643.38,"end":9643.48},{"text":"Pacific","start":9643.48,"end":9643.8},{"text":"region","start":9643.8,"end":9644.32},{"text":"and","start":9644.32,"end":9644.8},{"text":"indeed","start":9644.8,"end":9645.159},{"text":"with","start":9645.159,"end":9645.32},{"text":"the","start":9645.32,"end":9645.44},{"text":"wider","start":9645.44,"end":9645.76},{"text":"SIDS","start":9645.76,"end":9645.96},{"text":"community.","start":9645.96,"end":9646.76}]},{"text":"The need to address historical injustice experienced by SIDS and their specific vulnerability to climate change is the basis of our development cooperation with the SIDS.","start":9647.28,"end":9656.94,"topics":[{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer most. This included repeated references to small island developing States, least developed countries, and frontline populations facing existential and unequal harms."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9647.28,"end":9647.44},{"text":"need","start":9647.44,"end":9647.72},{"text":"to","start":9647.72,"end":9647.86},{"text":"address","start":9647.86,"end":9648.36},{"text":"historical","start":9648.36,"end":9648.919},{"text":"injustice","start":9648.919,"end":9649.48},{"text":"experienced","start":9649.48,"end":9650.159},{"text":"by","start":9650.159,"end":9650.46},{"text":"SIDS","start":9650.46,"end":9650.8},{"text":"and","start":9650.8,"end":9651.3},{"text":"their","start":9651.3,"end":9651.52},{"text":"specific","start":9651.52,"end":9651.94},{"text":"vulnerability","start":9651.94,"end":9652.58},{"text":"to","start":9652.58,"end":9652.8},{"text":"climate","start":9652.8,"end":9653.2},{"text":"change","start":9653.2,"end":9653.5},{"text":"is","start":9653.5,"end":9653.76},{"text":"the","start":9653.76,"end":9653.88},{"text":"basis","start":9653.88,"end":9654.28},{"text":"of","start":9654.28,"end":9654.54},{"text":"our","start":9654.54,"end":9654.7},{"text":"development","start":9654.7,"end":9655.14},{"text":"cooperation","start":9655.14,"end":9655.68},{"text":"with","start":9655.68,"end":9655.92},{"text":"the","start":9655.92,"end":9656.08},{"text":"SIDS.","start":9656.08,"end":9656.94}]},{"text":"India's track record in this regard speaks for itself.","start":9656.94,"end":9659.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"India's","start":9656.94,"end":9657.42},{"text":"track","start":9657.42,"end":9657.58},{"text":"record","start":9657.58,"end":9657.96},{"text":"in","start":9657.96,"end":9658.02},{"text":"this","start":9658.02,"end":9658.28},{"text":"regard","start":9658.28,"end":9658.68},{"text":"speaks","start":9658.68,"end":9658.98},{"text":"for","start":9658.98,"end":9659.18},{"text":"itself.","start":9659.18,"end":9659.83}]},{"text":"It is for this reason that despite our concerns not being addressed in this resolution, India did not vote against it.","start":9659.91,"end":9667.009,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":9659.91,"end":9660.45},{"text":"is","start":9660.45,"end":9660.63},{"text":"for","start":9660.63,"end":9660.75},{"text":"this","start":9660.75,"end":9660.97},{"text":"reason","start":9660.97,"end":9661.41},{"text":"that","start":9661.41,"end":9661.69},{"text":"despite","start":9661.69,"end":9662.05},{"text":"our","start":9662.05,"end":9662.23},{"text":"concerns","start":9662.23,"end":9662.65},{"text":"not","start":9662.65,"end":9662.93},{"text":"being","start":9662.93,"end":9663.13},{"text":"addressed","start":9663.13,"end":9663.49},{"text":"in","start":9663.49,"end":9663.65},{"text":"this","start":9663.65,"end":9663.869},{"text":"resolution,","start":9663.869,"end":9664.429},{"text":"India","start":9664.429,"end":9664.929},{"text":"did","start":9664.929,"end":9665.15},{"text":"not","start":9665.15,"end":9665.35},{"text":"vote","start":9665.35,"end":9665.61},{"text":"against","start":9665.61,"end":9666.009},{"text":"it.","start":9666.009,"end":9667.009}]},{"text":"Several elements in the resolution, such as the exclusion of means of implementation for developing countries, are contrary to India's principal stand on climate action.","start":9667.249,"end":9675.89,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."}],"words":[{"text":"Several","start":9667.249,"end":9667.35},{"text":"elements","start":9667.35,"end":9667.789},{"text":"in","start":9667.789,"end":9667.97},{"text":"the","start":9667.97,"end":9668.13},{"text":"resolution,","start":9668.13,"end":9668.58},{"text":"such","start":9669.23,"end":9669.31},{"text":"as","start":9669.31,"end":9669.529},{"text":"the","start":9669.529,"end":9669.63},{"text":"exclusion","start":9669.63,"end":9670.05},{"text":"of","start":9670.05,"end":9670.31},{"text":"means","start":9670.31,"end":9670.57},{"text":"of","start":9670.57,"end":9670.73},{"text":"implementation","start":9670.73,"end":9671.33},{"text":"for","start":9671.33,"end":9671.55},{"text":"developing","start":9671.55,"end":9671.91},{"text":"countries,","start":9671.91,"end":9672.67},{"text":"are","start":9672.67,"end":9672.769},{"text":"contrary","start":9672.769,"end":9673.189},{"text":"to","start":9673.189,"end":9673.37},{"text":"India's","start":9673.37,"end":9673.73},{"text":"principal","start":9673.73,"end":9674.189},{"text":"stand","start":9674.189,"end":9674.57},{"text":"on","start":9674.57,"end":9674.75},{"text":"climate","start":9674.75,"end":9674.99},{"text":"action.","start":9674.99,"end":9675.89}]},{"text":"The fact that the resolution is adopted by the General Assembly does not in itself create binding commitments for us.","start":9676.15,"end":9683.13,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. 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in view of the aforementioned issues in the resolution, India abstained on the resolution.","start":9707.87,"end":9713.06,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Finally,","start":9707.87,"end":9708.52},{"text":"in","start":9709.19,"end":9709.23},{"text":"view","start":9709.23,"end":9709.39},{"text":"of","start":9709.39,"end":9709.55},{"text":"the","start":9709.55,"end":9709.69},{"text":"aforementioned","start":9709.69,"end":9710.29},{"text":"issues","start":9710.29,"end":9710.59},{"text":"in","start":9710.59,"end":9710.77},{"text":"the","start":9710.77,"end":9711.01},{"text":"resolution,","start":9711.01,"end":9711.46},{"text":"India","start":9711.67,"end":9711.85},{"text":"abstained","start":9711.85,"end":9712.31},{"text":"on","start":9712.31,"end":9712.47},{"text":"the","start":9712.47,"end":9712.61},{"text":"resolution.","start":9712.61,"end":9713.06}]},{"text":"With the hope that our brothers and sisters from the Pacific region will understand our predicament.","start":9713.31,"end":9718.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"With","start":9713.31,"end":9713.73},{"text":"the","start":9713.73,"end":9713.91},{"text":"hope","start":9713.91,"end":9714.23},{"text":"that","start":9714.23,"end":9714.53},{"text":"our","start":9714.53,"end":9714.69},{"text":"brothers","start":9714.69,"end":9714.93},{"text":"and","start":9714.93,"end":9715.17},{"text":"sisters","start":9715.17,"end":9715.43},{"text":"from","start":9715.43,"end":9715.71},{"text":"the","start":9715.71,"end":9715.91},{"text":"Pacific","start":9715.91,"end":9716.17},{"text":"region","start":9716.17,"end":9716.55},{"text":"will","start":9716.55,"end":9716.83},{"text":"understand","start":9716.83,"end":9717.29},{"text":"our","start":9717.29,"end":9717.55},{"text":"predicament.","start":9717.55,"end":9718.25}]},{"text":"I thank 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Peru.","start":9720.869,"end":9727,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9720.869,"end":9720.93},{"text":"thank","start":9720.93,"end":9721.29},{"text":"the","start":9721.29,"end":9721.429},{"text":"representative","start":9721.429,"end":9721.849},{"text":"of","start":9721.849,"end":9722.19},{"text":"India,","start":9722.19,"end":9723.089},{"text":"and","start":9723.589,"end":9723.589},{"text":"I","start":9723.589,"end":9723.849},{"text":"now","start":9723.849,"end":9724.23},{"text":"give","start":9724.23,"end":9724.41},{"text":"the","start":9724.41,"end":9724.509},{"text":"floor","start":9724.509,"end":9724.849},{"text":"to","start":9724.849,"end":9725.03},{"text":"representative","start":9725.03,"end":9725.589},{"text":"of","start":9725.589,"end":9726.15},{"text":"Peru.","start":9726.15,"end":9727}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"GA","affiliation_full":"GA","group":null,"function":"President"}},{"statement_number":104,"start":9730.95,"pageUrl":"/ru/ga/80/83?lang=en&t=9731","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Gracias, señora presidenta.","start":9730.95,"end":9732.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Gracias,","start":9730.95,"end":9731.31},{"text":"señora","start":9731.31,"end":9731.51},{"text":"presidenta.","start":9731.51,"end":9732.41}]},{"text":"Thank you, Madam President.","start":9732.91,"end":9734.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9732.91,"end":9733.17},{"text":"you,","start":9733.17,"end":9733.49},{"text":"Madam","start":9733.49,"end":9733.69},{"text":"President.","start":9733.69,"end":9734.49}]},{"text":"Peru voted in favor of draft resolution L.65 given the the particular importance we attach to the rule of law in international instances and to the work of the International Court of Justice, as well as to the need for the General Assembly to adequately follow up on the advisory opinion of the court on the obligations of states with respect to climate change, requested by this assembly by way of resolution— the relevant resolution that was co-sponsored by my 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Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Adding","start":10210.15,"end":10210.43},{"text":"follow-up","start":10210.43,"end":10211.65},{"text":"to","start":10211.65,"end":10211.91},{"text":"the","start":10211.91,"end":10212.11},{"text":"advisory","start":10212.11,"end":10212.41},{"text":"opinion","start":10212.41,"end":10212.81},{"text":"as","start":10212.81,"end":10213.07},{"text":"an","start":10213.07,"end":10213.23},{"text":"agenda","start":10213.23,"end":10213.49},{"text":"item","start":10213.49,"end":10213.93},{"text":"and","start":10214.427,"end":10214.668},{"text":"engaging","start":10214.764,"end":10215.213},{"text":"in","start":10215.486,"end":10215.615},{"text":"a","start":10215.952,"end":10216.129},{"text":"balance","start":10216.209,"end":10216.562},{"text":"exercise","start":10216.835,"end":10217.381},{"text":"3","start":10217.494,"end":10217.815},{"text":"years","start":10217.815,"end":10218.023},{"text":"after","start":10218.2,"end":10218.585},{"text":"it","start":10218.617,"end":10218.698},{"text":"was","start":10218.698,"end":10218.858},{"text":"admitted,","start":10218.858,"end":10219.34},{"text":"we—","start":10219.501,"end":10219.725},{"text":"is","start":10220.528,"end":10220.592},{"text":"in","start":10221.106,"end":10221.187},{"text":"our","start":10221.203,"end":10221.315},{"text":"view","start":10221.331,"end":10221.636},{"text":"adequate","start":10221.732,"end":10222.086},{"text":"and","start":10222.086,"end":10222.198},{"text":"necessary.","start":10222.23,"end":10222.76}]},{"text":"In terms of the form, we appreciate the fact that the process was transparent and inclusive.","start":10223.996,"end":10230.387,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10223.996,"end":10224.045},{"text":"terms","start":10224.157,"end":10224.446},{"text":"of","start":10224.542,"end":10224.687},{"text":"the","start":10225.265,"end":10225.425},{"text":"form,","start":10225.425,"end":10225.875},{"text":"we","start":10226.084,"end":10226.164},{"text":"appreciate","start":10226.405,"end":10227.208},{"text":"the","start":10227.208,"end":10227.288},{"text":"fact","start":10227.288,"end":10227.513},{"text":"that","start":10227.513,"end":10227.609},{"text":"the","start":10227.609,"end":10227.689},{"text":"process","start":10227.689,"end":10228.123},{"text":"was","start":10228.316,"end":10228.46},{"text":"transparent","start":10228.573,"end":10229.375},{"text":"and","start":10229.44,"end":10229.68},{"text":"inclusive.","start":10229.68,"end":10230.387}]},{"text":"All delegations had the opportunity to put forward proposed compromise texts.","start":10231.527,"end":10237.323,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"All","start":10231.527,"end":10231.575},{"text":"delegations","start":10231.607,"end":10232.185},{"text":"had","start":10232.185,"end":10232.346},{"text":"the","start":10232.346,"end":10232.426},{"text":"opportunity","start":10232.426,"end":10233.068},{"text":"to","start":10233.068,"end":10233.229},{"text":"put","start":10233.229,"end":10233.422},{"text":"forward","start":10233.454,"end":10233.887},{"text":"proposed","start":10234.112,"end":10234.722},{"text":"compromise","start":10234.754,"end":10236.649},{"text":"texts.","start":10236.681,"end":10237.323}]},{"text":"Mexico believes that the text constitutes a good basis to strengthen multilateral action and the implementation of the findings of the advisory opinion.","start":10238.046,"end":10247.63,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. 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given my country co-sponsored the text as a whole, the vote sought to preserve its integrity and the achievements made collectively during the 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you very much, Madam President.","start":10262.02,"end":10263.52,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10262.02,"end":10262.26},{"text":"you","start":10262.26,"end":10262.3},{"text":"very","start":10262.3,"end":10262.54},{"text":"much,","start":10262.54,"end":10262.72},{"text":"Madam","start":10262.72,"end":10262.92},{"text":"President.","start":10262.92,"end":10263.52}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"MEX","affiliation_full":"Mexico","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":107,"start":10264.42,"pageUrl":"/ru/ga/80/83?lang=en&t=10265","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Mexico, and I now give the floor to the representative Representative of Pakistan, followed by 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President, Pakistan takes the floor to explain its vote on draft resolution A/80/L.65.","start":10276.69,"end":10284.989,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":10276.69,"end":10276.69},{"text":"President,","start":10276.69,"end":10277.85},{"text":"Pakistan","start":10277.85,"end":10278.03},{"text":"takes","start":10278.03,"end":10278.37},{"text":"the","start":10278.37,"end":10278.569},{"text":"floor","start":10278.569,"end":10278.87},{"text":"to","start":10278.87,"end":10279.09},{"text":"explain","start":10279.09,"end":10279.45},{"text":"its","start":10279.45,"end":10279.67},{"text":"vote","start":10279.67,"end":10280.01},{"text":"on","start":10280.01,"end":10280.229},{"text":"draft","start":10280.229,"end":10280.45},{"text":"resolution","start":10280.45,"end":10281},{"text":"A/80/L.65.","start":10284.04,"end":10284.989}]},{"text":"Pakistan attaches the highest importance to the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice.","start":10284.989,"end":10289.74,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Pakistan","start":10284.989,"end":10285.37},{"text":"attaches","start":10285.37,"end":10285.87},{"text":"the","start":10285.87,"end":10286.15},{"text":"highest","start":10286.15,"end":10286.43},{"text":"importance","start":10286.43,"end":10286.93},{"text":"to","start":10286.93,"end":10287.15},{"text":"the","start":10287.15,"end":10287.27},{"text":"advisory","start":10287.27,"end":10287.67},{"text":"opinion","start":10287.67,"end":10288.01},{"text":"of","start":10288.01,"end":10288.17},{"text":"the","start":10288.17,"end":10288.35},{"text":"International","start":10288.35,"end":10288.69},{"text":"Court","start":10288.69,"end":10288.95},{"text":"of","start":10288.95,"end":10289.09},{"text":"Justice.","start":10289.09,"end":10289.74}]},{"text":"The Court's unanimous findings represent a landmark moment in clarifying states' obligations under international law in respect of climate change, and we believe the General Assembly had both the opportunity and the responsibility to reflect those findings fully and faithfully.","start":10290.19,"end":10306.17,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."},{"key":"state-responsibility","label":"State Responsibility and Reparation","description":"Delegations discussed whether breaches of climate-related obligations can amount to internationally wrongful acts and trigger responsibility, remedies, or reparation. While some welcomed this accountability dimension, others cautioned against implying automatic liability or legal consequences beyond what the Court explicitly stated."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10290.19,"end":10290.29},{"text":"Court's","start":10290.29,"end":10290.71},{"text":"unanimous","start":10290.71,"end":10291.17},{"text":"findings","start":10291.17,"end":10291.67},{"text":"represent","start":10291.67,"end":10292.13},{"text":"a","start":10292.13,"end":10292.33},{"text":"landmark","start":10292.33,"end":10292.71},{"text":"moment","start":10292.71,"end":10293.19},{"text":"in","start":10293.19,"end":10293.45},{"text":"clarifying","start":10293.45,"end":10293.85},{"text":"states'","start":10293.85,"end":10294.35},{"text":"obligations","start":10294.35,"end":10294.85},{"text":"under","start":10294.85,"end":10295.23},{"text":"international","start":10295.23,"end":10295.75},{"text":"law","start":10295.75,"end":10296.13},{"text":"in","start":10296.27,"end":10296.61},{"text":"respect","start":10296.61,"end":10296.99},{"text":"of","start":10296.99,"end":10297.23},{"text":"climate","start":10297.23,"end":10297.59},{"text":"change,","start":10297.59,"end":10298.35},{"text":"and","start":10298.35,"end":10298.43},{"text":"we","start":10298.43,"end":10298.53},{"text":"believe","start":10298.53,"end":10298.91},{"text":"the","start":10298.91,"end":10299.05},{"text":"General","start":10299.05,"end":10299.35},{"text":"Assembly","start":10299.35,"end":10299.69},{"text":"had","start":10299.69,"end":10299.93},{"text":"both","start":10299.93,"end":10300.189},{"text":"the","start":10300.189,"end":10300.39},{"text":"opportunity","start":10300.39,"end":10300.949},{"text":"and","start":10300.949,"end":10301.43},{"text":"the","start":10301.43,"end":10301.489},{"text":"responsibility","start":10301.489,"end":10302.289},{"text":"to","start":10302.289,"end":10302.869},{"text":"reflect","start":10302.869,"end":10303.27},{"text":"those","start":10303.27,"end":10303.569},{"text":"findings","start":10303.569,"end":10304.09},{"text":"fully","start":10304.09,"end":10304.61},{"text":"and","start":10304.61,"end":10304.87},{"text":"faithfully.","start":10304.87,"end":10306.17}]},{"text":"However, Pakistan wishes to place on record its concerns regarding the consultative process.","start":10306.35,"end":10311.549,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":10306.35,"end":10306.889},{"text":"Pakistan","start":10306.889,"end":10307.23},{"text":"wishes","start":10307.23,"end":10307.549},{"text":"to","start":10307.549,"end":10307.75},{"text":"place","start":10307.75,"end":10307.93},{"text":"on","start":10307.93,"end":10308.09},{"text":"record","start":10308.09,"end":10308.45},{"text":"its","start":10308.45,"end":10308.73},{"text":"concerns","start":10308.73,"end":10309.27},{"text":"regarding","start":10309.27,"end":10309.71},{"text":"the","start":10309.71,"end":10309.889},{"text":"consultative","start":10309.889,"end":10310.53},{"text":"process.","start":10310.53,"end":10311.549}]},{"text":"While we acknowledge the efforts of Vanuatu and the core group, the modality of consultations did not allow for substantive text-based negotiations among the broader membership.","start":10311.549,"end":10321.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"While","start":10311.549,"end":10311.809},{"text":"we","start":10311.809,"end":10311.969},{"text":"acknowledge","start":10311.969,"end":10312.37},{"text":"the","start":10312.37,"end":10312.53},{"text":"efforts","start":10312.53,"end":10312.91},{"text":"of","start":10312.91,"end":10313.11},{"text":"Vanuatu","start":10313.11,"end":10313.45},{"text":"and","start":10313.45,"end":10313.79},{"text":"the","start":10313.79,"end":10314.03},{"text":"core","start":10314.03,"end":10314.11},{"text":"group,","start":10314.11,"end":10314.76},{"text":"the","start":10314.87,"end":10314.93},{"text":"modality","start":10314.93,"end":10315.37},{"text":"of","start":10315.37,"end":10315.57},{"text":"consultations","start":10315.57,"end":10316.31},{"text":"did","start":10316.31,"end":10316.55},{"text":"not","start":10316.55,"end":10316.75},{"text":"allow","start":10316.75,"end":10317.07},{"text":"for","start":10317.07,"end":10317.27},{"text":"substantive","start":10317.27,"end":10317.87},{"text":"text-based","start":10317.87,"end":10318.53},{"text":"negotiations","start":10318.53,"end":10319.31},{"text":"among","start":10319.31,"end":10320.03},{"text":"the","start":10320.03,"end":10320.29},{"text":"broader","start":10320.29,"end":10320.51},{"text":"membership.","start":10320.51,"end":10321.57}]},{"text":"A resolution of this legal and political significance warranted a more inclusive and deliberative process.","start":10321.57,"end":10328.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"A","start":10321.57,"end":10321.83},{"text":"resolution","start":10321.83,"end":10322.25},{"text":"of","start":10322.25,"end":10322.63},{"text":"this","start":10322.63,"end":10322.91},{"text":"legal","start":10322.91,"end":10323.29},{"text":"and","start":10323.29,"end":10323.57},{"text":"political","start":10323.57,"end":10324.01},{"text":"significance","start":10324.01,"end":10324.71},{"text":"warranted","start":10324.89,"end":10325.469},{"text":"a","start":10325.469,"end":10325.55},{"text":"more","start":10325.55,"end":10325.75},{"text":"inclusive","start":10325.75,"end":10326.31},{"text":"and","start":10326.31,"end":10326.81},{"text":"deliberative","start":10326.81,"end":10327.45},{"text":"process.","start":10327.45,"end":10328.57}]},{"text":"We regret that more time was not made available to achieve a text that could command broader consensus.","start":10328.57,"end":10333.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10328.57,"end":10328.61},{"text":"regret","start":10328.61,"end":10328.97},{"text":"that","start":10328.97,"end":10329.229},{"text":"more","start":10329.229,"end":10329.43},{"text":"time","start":10329.43,"end":10329.67},{"text":"was","start":10329.67,"end":10329.83},{"text":"not","start":10329.83,"end":10330.109},{"text":"made","start":10330.109,"end":10330.269},{"text":"available","start":10330.269,"end":10330.729},{"text":"to","start":10330.729,"end":10330.949},{"text":"achieve","start":10330.949,"end":10331.269},{"text":"a","start":10331.269,"end":10331.51},{"text":"text","start":10331.51,"end":10331.71},{"text":"that","start":10331.71,"end":10331.89},{"text":"could","start":10331.89,"end":10332.05},{"text":"command","start":10332.05,"end":10332.47},{"text":"broader","start":10332.47,"end":10332.81},{"text":"consensus.","start":10332.81,"end":10333.61}]},{"text":"On substance, Pakistan's principal concern is that the resolution does not faithfully or comprehensively reflect the court's findings as set out in its dispositive.","start":10334.31,"end":10343.71,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":10334.31,"end":10334.47},{"text":"substance,","start":10334.47,"end":10335.31},{"text":"Pakistan's","start":10335.31,"end":10335.87},{"text":"principal","start":10335.87,"end":10336.23},{"text":"concern","start":10336.23,"end":10336.69},{"text":"is","start":10336.69,"end":10336.99},{"text":"that","start":10336.99,"end":10337.15},{"text":"the","start":10337.15,"end":10337.249},{"text":"resolution","start":10337.249,"end":10337.71},{"text":"does","start":10337.71,"end":10338.03},{"text":"not","start":10338.03,"end":10338.23},{"text":"faithfully","start":10338.23,"end":10339.31},{"text":"or","start":10339.31,"end":10339.61},{"text":"comprehensively","start":10339.61,"end":10340.47},{"text":"reflect","start":10340.47,"end":10340.85},{"text":"the","start":10340.85,"end":10341.15},{"text":"court's","start":10341.15,"end":10341.43},{"text":"findings","start":10341.43,"end":10341.81},{"text":"as","start":10341.81,"end":10342.11},{"text":"set","start":10342.11,"end":10342.35},{"text":"out","start":10342.35,"end":10342.55},{"text":"in","start":10342.55,"end":10342.73},{"text":"its","start":10342.73,"end":10343.01},{"text":"dispositive.","start":10343.01,"end":10343.71}]},{"text":"The court identified distinct obligations under multiple treaty regimes that are absent from the text, including the obligation of UNFCCC parties to mitigate and adapt and cooperate, and the additional obligations of Annex I parties to take the lead by limiting emissions and enhancing sinks, as well as the obligations under the Kyoto Protocol, under the Vienna Convention, the Montreal Protocol and its Kigali Amendment, the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the UNCCD, as well as obligations under UNCLOS.","start":10344.13,"end":10374.02,"topics":[{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."},{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."},{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10344.13,"end":10344.59},{"text":"court","start":10344.59,"end":10344.83},{"text":"identified","start":10344.83,"end":10345.45},{"text":"distinct","start":10345.45,"end":10345.97},{"text":"obligations","start":10345.97,"end":10346.59},{"text":"under","start":10346.59,"end":10346.95},{"text":"multiple","start":10346.95,"end":10347.33},{"text":"treaty","start":10347.33,"end":10347.63},{"text":"regimes","start":10347.63,"end":10348.09},{"text":"that","start":10348.09,"end":10348.27},{"text":"are","start":10348.27,"end":10348.43},{"text":"absent","start":10348.43,"end":10348.81},{"text":"from","start":10348.81,"end":10349.05},{"text":"the","start":10349.05,"end":10349.21},{"text":"text,","start":10349.21,"end":10349.85},{"text":"including","start":10349.85,"end":10350.41},{"text":"the","start":10350.41,"end":10350.79},{"text":"obligation","start":10350.79,"end":10351.29},{"text":"of","start":10351.29,"end":10351.55},{"text":"UNFCCC","start":10351.55,"end":10352.29},{"text":"parties","start":10352.29,"end":10352.69},{"text":"to","start":10352.69,"end":10352.91},{"text":"mitigate","start":10352.91,"end":10353.35},{"text":"and","start":10353.35,"end":10353.71},{"text":"adapt","start":10353.71,"end":10353.95},{"text":"and","start":10354.02,"end":10354.36},{"text":"cooperate,","start":10354.36,"end":10355.42},{"text":"and","start":10355.42,"end":10355.54},{"text":"the","start":10355.54,"end":10355.66},{"text":"additional","start":10355.66,"end":10356},{"text":"obligations","start":10356,"end":10356.62},{"text":"of","start":10356.62,"end":10356.92},{"text":"Annex","start":10356.92,"end":10357.18},{"text":"I","start":10357.18,"end":10357.32},{"text":"parties","start":10357.32,"end":10357.68},{"text":"to","start":10357.68,"end":10357.88},{"text":"take","start":10357.88,"end":10358.039},{"text":"the","start":10358.039,"end":10358.26},{"text":"lead","start":10358.26,"end":10358.44},{"text":"by","start":10358.44,"end":10358.659},{"text":"limiting","start":10358.659,"end":10359},{"text":"emissions","start":10359,"end":10359.64},{"text":"and","start":10359.64,"end":10359.84},{"text":"enhancing","start":10359.84,"end":10360.319},{"text":"sinks,","start":10360.319,"end":10360.869},{"text":"as","start":10361.46,"end":10361.579},{"text":"well","start":10361.579,"end":10361.72},{"text":"as","start":10361.72,"end":10361.92},{"text":"the","start":10361.92,"end":10361.98},{"text":"obligations","start":10361.98,"end":10362.58},{"text":"under","start":10362.58,"end":10362.92},{"text":"the","start":10362.92,"end":10363.12},{"text":"Kyoto","start":10363.12,"end":10363.36},{"text":"Protocol,","start":10363.36,"end":10363.86},{"text":"under","start":10364.34,"end":10364.48},{"text":"the","start":10364.48,"end":10364.62},{"text":"Vienna","start":10364.62,"end":10364.92},{"text":"Convention,","start":10364.92,"end":10365.67},{"text":"the","start":10365.78,"end":10365.84},{"text":"Montreal","start":10365.84,"end":10366.26},{"text":"Protocol","start":10366.26,"end":10366.62},{"text":"and","start":10366.62,"end":10366.82},{"text":"its","start":10366.82,"end":10366.98},{"text":"Kigali","start":10366.98,"end":10367.299},{"text":"Amendment,","start":10367.299,"end":10368.1},{"text":"the","start":10368.26,"end":10368.299},{"text":"Convention","start":10368.299,"end":10368.639},{"text":"on","start":10368.639,"end":10368.84},{"text":"Biological","start":10368.84,"end":10369.379},{"text":"Diversity,","start":10369.379,"end":10370.23},{"text":"and","start":10370.5,"end":10370.66},{"text":"the","start":10370.66,"end":10370.7},{"text":"UNCCD,","start":10370.7,"end":10371.1},{"text":"as","start":10371.68,"end":10371.84},{"text":"well","start":10371.84,"end":10371.94},{"text":"as","start":10371.94,"end":10372.1},{"text":"obligations","start":10372.1,"end":10372.62},{"text":"under","start":10372.62,"end":10373.06},{"text":"UNCLOS.","start":10373.06,"end":10374.02}]},{"text":"A resolution that selectively engages with the dispositif risks creating the impression that the General Assembly has endorsed a partial reading of the court's opinion.","start":10374.02,"end":10383.99,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."},{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":10374.02,"end":10374.32},{"text":"resolution","start":10374.32,"end":10374.82},{"text":"that","start":10374.82,"end":10375.04},{"text":"selectively","start":10375.04,"end":10375.64},{"text":"engages","start":10375.64,"end":10376.1},{"text":"with","start":10376.1,"end":10376.44},{"text":"the","start":10376.44,"end":10376.64},{"text":"dispositif","start":10376.64,"end":10377.34},{"text":"risks","start":10377.34,"end":10377.74},{"text":"creating","start":10377.74,"end":10378.18},{"text":"the","start":10378.18,"end":10378.36},{"text":"impression","start":10378.36,"end":10378.9},{"text":"that","start":10378.9,"end":10379.32},{"text":"the","start":10379.32,"end":10379.42},{"text":"General","start":10379.42,"end":10379.68},{"text":"Assembly","start":10379.68,"end":10380.12},{"text":"has","start":10380.12,"end":10380.38},{"text":"endorsed","start":10380.38,"end":10380.86},{"text":"a","start":10380.86,"end":10381.16},{"text":"partial","start":10381.16,"end":10381.5},{"text":"reading","start":10381.5,"end":10381.92},{"text":"of","start":10381.92,"end":10382.22},{"text":"the","start":10382.22,"end":10382.42},{"text":"court's","start":10382.42,"end":10382.64},{"text":"opinion.","start":10383.19,"end":10383.99}]},{"text":"That is not a message Pakistan is comfortable sending.","start":10383.99,"end":10386.58,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"That","start":10383.99,"end":10384.03},{"text":"is","start":10384.03,"end":10384.17},{"text":"not","start":10384.17,"end":10384.39},{"text":"a","start":10384.39,"end":10384.47},{"text":"message","start":10384.47,"end":10384.81},{"text":"Pakistan","start":10384.81,"end":10385.33},{"text":"is","start":10385.33,"end":10385.55},{"text":"comfortable","start":10385.55,"end":10386.03},{"text":"sending.","start":10386.03,"end":10386.58}]},{"text":"On climate finance, Pakistan deeply regrets that the amendment tabled to operative paragraph 3 today did not succeed.","start":10387.389,"end":10393.98,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":10387.389,"end":10387.389},{"text":"climate","start":10387.389,"end":10387.729},{"text":"finance,","start":10387.729,"end":10388.58},{"text":"Pakistan","start":10388.689,"end":10388.849},{"text":"deeply","start":10388.849,"end":10389.17},{"text":"regrets","start":10389.17,"end":10389.59},{"text":"that","start":10389.59,"end":10389.849},{"text":"the","start":10389.849,"end":10389.889},{"text":"amendment","start":10389.889,"end":10390.269},{"text":"tabled","start":10390.269,"end":10390.709},{"text":"to","start":10390.709,"end":10390.81},{"text":"operative","start":10390.81,"end":10391.65},{"text":"paragraph","start":10391.65,"end":10391.65},{"text":"3","start":10391.65,"end":10391.99},{"text":"today","start":10391.99,"end":10392.41},{"text":"did","start":10392.41,"end":10392.789},{"text":"not","start":10392.789,"end":10393.029},{"text":"succeed.","start":10393.029,"end":10393.98}]},{"text":"This is not a peripheral issue.","start":10393.99,"end":10395.949,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":10393.99,"end":10394.19},{"text":"is","start":10394.19,"end":10394.35},{"text":"not","start":10394.35,"end":10394.59},{"text":"a","start":10394.59,"end":10394.789},{"text":"peripheral","start":10394.789,"end":10395.35},{"text":"issue.","start":10395.35,"end":10395.949}]},{"text":"It is central to the court's findings and to the prospects of meaningful implementation of the court's findings.","start":10396.029,"end":10401.93,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":10396.029,"end":10396.11},{"text":"is","start":10396.11,"end":10396.25},{"text":"central","start":10396.25,"end":10396.55},{"text":"to","start":10396.55,"end":10396.709},{"text":"the","start":10396.709,"end":10396.91},{"text":"court's","start":10396.91,"end":10397.19},{"text":"findings","start":10397.19,"end":10397.59},{"text":"and","start":10397.59,"end":10397.91},{"text":"to","start":10397.91,"end":10398.07},{"text":"the","start":10398.07,"end":10398.07},{"text":"prospects","start":10398.07,"end":10398.57},{"text":"of","start":10398.57,"end":10398.81},{"text":"meaningful","start":10398.81,"end":10399.25},{"text":"implementation","start":10399.25,"end":10399.99},{"text":"of","start":10399.99,"end":10400.73},{"text":"the","start":10400.73,"end":10400.87},{"text":"court's","start":10400.87,"end":10401.17},{"text":"findings.","start":10401.17,"end":10401.93}]},{"text":"The failure to restore finance language to the amendment leaves a significant gap between this resolution and the advisory opinion it seeks to advance.","start":10401.93,"end":10410.96,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10401.93,"end":10402.05},{"text":"failure","start":10402.05,"end":10402.31},{"text":"to","start":10402.31,"end":10402.51},{"text":"restore","start":10402.51,"end":10402.95},{"text":"finance","start":10402.95,"end":10403.65},{"text":"language","start":10403.65,"end":10404.07},{"text":"to","start":10404.07,"end":10404.41},{"text":"the","start":10404.41,"end":10404.57},{"text":"amendment","start":10404.57,"end":10404.91},{"text":"leaves","start":10404.91,"end":10405.25},{"text":"a","start":10405.25,"end":10405.41},{"text":"significant","start":10405.41,"end":10405.95},{"text":"gap","start":10405.95,"end":10406.49},{"text":"between","start":10406.49,"end":10407.03},{"text":"this","start":10407.03,"end":10407.27},{"text":"resolution","start":10407.27,"end":10407.79},{"text":"and","start":10408.2,"end":10408.439},{"text":"the","start":10408.439,"end":10408.72},{"text":"advisory","start":10408.72,"end":10409.06},{"text":"opinion","start":10409.06,"end":10409.52},{"text":"it","start":10409.52,"end":10409.78},{"text":"seeks","start":10409.78,"end":10410.02},{"text":"to","start":10410.02,"end":10410.26},{"text":"advance.","start":10410.26,"end":10410.96}]},{"text":"On operative paragraph 4, we remain concerned that this paragraph selectively rewrites one paragraph from the COP28 Global Stocktake outcome without grounding it in the Court's own findings.","start":10411.48,"end":10422.68,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."},{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"On","start":10411.48,"end":10411.66},{"text":"operative","start":10411.66,"end":10412.159},{"text":"paragraph","start":10412.159,"end":10412.499},{"text":"4,","start":10412.499,"end":10413.079},{"text":"we","start":10413.079,"end":10413.18},{"text":"remain","start":10413.18,"end":10413.539},{"text":"concerned","start":10413.539,"end":10414.02},{"text":"that","start":10414.02,"end":10414.219},{"text":"this","start":10414.219,"end":10414.459},{"text":"paragraph","start":10414.459,"end":10414.839},{"text":"selectively","start":10414.839,"end":10415.499},{"text":"rewrites","start":10415.499,"end":10416.5},{"text":"one","start":10416.5,"end":10417},{"text":"paragraph","start":10417,"end":10417.42},{"text":"from","start":10417.42,"end":10417.7},{"text":"the","start":10417.7,"end":10417.84},{"text":"COP28","start":10417.84,"end":10418.54},{"text":"Global","start":10418.54,"end":10418.92},{"text":"Stocktake","start":10418.92,"end":10419.34},{"text":"outcome","start":10419.34,"end":10419.78},{"text":"without","start":10419.78,"end":10420.52},{"text":"grounding","start":10420.52,"end":10420.899},{"text":"it","start":10420.899,"end":10421.12},{"text":"in","start":10421.12,"end":10421.26},{"text":"the","start":10421.26,"end":10421.399},{"text":"Court's","start":10421.399,"end":10421.72},{"text":"own","start":10421.72,"end":10421.88},{"text":"findings.","start":10421.88,"end":10422.68}]},{"text":"The General Assembly is not the appropriate forum to selectively amplify or rewrite individual elements of the UNFCCC process.","start":10422.78,"end":10431.3,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10422.78,"end":10423.02},{"text":"General","start":10423.02,"end":10423.36},{"text":"Assembly","start":10423.36,"end":10423.7},{"text":"is","start":10423.7,"end":10423.979},{"text":"not","start":10423.979,"end":10424.24},{"text":"the","start":10424.24,"end":10424.48},{"text":"appropriate","start":10424.48,"end":10424.88},{"text":"forum","start":10424.88,"end":10425.52},{"text":"to","start":10425.52,"end":10425.78},{"text":"selectively","start":10425.78,"end":10426.44},{"text":"amplify","start":10426.44,"end":10427},{"text":"or","start":10427,"end":10427.34},{"text":"rewrite","start":10427.34,"end":10427.84},{"text":"individual","start":10427.84,"end":10428.42},{"text":"elements","start":10428.42,"end":10428.9},{"text":"of","start":10428.9,"end":10429.32},{"text":"the","start":10429.32,"end":10429.46},{"text":"UNFCCC","start":10429.46,"end":10430.16},{"text":"process.","start":10430.16,"end":10431.3}]},{"text":"Pakistan also wishes to place on record its concerns regarding the treatment of non-refilement in operative paragraph The Court addressed human rights obligations in a broad and carefully qualified manner across different instruments and legal contexts.","start":10431.3,"end":10446.04,"topics":[{"key":"human-rights","label":"Human Rights and Climate Impacts","description":"Several statements linked climate change to human rights obligations, including protection of life, livelihoods, and vulnerable persons. Some delegations supported this broader rights-based framing, while others questioned references to non-refoulement, group rights, or the legal scope of human rights law in climate matters."}],"words":[{"text":"Pakistan","start":10431.3,"end":10431.82},{"text":"also","start":10431.82,"end":10432.2},{"text":"wishes","start":10432.2,"end":10432.52},{"text":"to","start":10432.52,"end":10432.74},{"text":"place","start":10432.74,"end":10432.9},{"text":"on","start":10432.9,"end":10433.04},{"text":"record","start":10433.04,"end":10433.44},{"text":"its","start":10433.44,"end":10433.74},{"text":"concerns","start":10433.74,"end":10434.2},{"text":"regarding","start":10434.2,"end":10434.58},{"text":"the","start":10434.58,"end":10434.78},{"text":"treatment","start":10434.78,"end":10435.1},{"text":"of","start":10435.1,"end":10435.38},{"text":"non-refilement","start":10435.38,"end":10436.22},{"text":"in","start":10436.22,"end":10436.46},{"text":"operative","start":10436.46,"end":10436.94},{"text":"paragraph","start":10436.94,"end":10437.46},{"text":"The","start":10437.79,"end":10438.54},{"text":"Court","start":10438.54,"end":10438.84},{"text":"addressed","start":10438.84,"end":10439.36},{"text":"human","start":10439.36,"end":10439.68},{"text":"rights","start":10439.68,"end":10439.92},{"text":"obligations","start":10439.92,"end":10440.54},{"text":"in","start":10440.54,"end":10440.8},{"text":"a","start":10440.8,"end":10441},{"text":"broad","start":10441,"end":10441.24},{"text":"and","start":10441.24,"end":10441.46},{"text":"carefully","start":10441.46,"end":10441.94},{"text":"qualified","start":10441.94,"end":10442.44},{"text":"manner","start":10442.44,"end":10443.039},{"text":"across","start":10443.039,"end":10443.499},{"text":"different","start":10443.499,"end":10443.94},{"text":"instruments","start":10443.94,"end":10444.42},{"text":"and","start":10444.42,"end":10444.68},{"text":"legal","start":10444.68,"end":10444.9},{"text":"contexts.","start":10444.9,"end":10446.04}]},{"text":"The resolution does not fully reflect that nuance.","start":10446.04,"end":10448.759,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10446.04,"end":10446.14},{"text":"resolution","start":10446.14,"end":10446.599},{"text":"does","start":10446.599,"end":10446.82},{"text":"not","start":10446.82,"end":10447.099},{"text":"fully","start":10447.099,"end":10447.339},{"text":"reflect","start":10447.339,"end":10447.8},{"text":"that","start":10447.8,"end":10448.06},{"text":"nuance.","start":10448.06,"end":10448.759}]},{"text":"In particular, it draws an extended linkage between non-refoulement, Article 6 of the ICCPR, and climate change.","start":10449.179,"end":10456.04,"topics":[{"key":"human-rights","label":"Human Rights and Climate Impacts","description":"Several statements linked climate change to human rights obligations, including protection of life, livelihoods, and vulnerable persons. Some delegations supported this broader rights-based framing, while others questioned references to non-refoulement, group rights, or the legal scope of human rights law in climate matters."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10449.179,"end":10449.28},{"text":"particular,","start":10449.28,"end":10449.96},{"text":"it","start":10449.96,"end":10449.96},{"text":"draws","start":10449.96,"end":10450.22},{"text":"an","start":10450.22,"end":10450.38},{"text":"extended","start":10450.38,"end":10450.8},{"text":"linkage","start":10450.8,"end":10451.339},{"text":"between","start":10451.339,"end":10451.74},{"text":"non-refoulement,","start":10451.74,"end":10452.74},{"text":"Article","start":10453.099,"end":10453.3},{"text":"6","start":10453.3,"end":10453.62},{"text":"of","start":10453.62,"end":10453.76},{"text":"the","start":10453.76,"end":10453.86},{"text":"ICCPR,","start":10453.86,"end":10454.36},{"text":"and","start":10454.92,"end":10455.06},{"text":"climate","start":10455.06,"end":10455.34},{"text":"change.","start":10455.34,"end":10456.04}]},{"text":"Article 6 protects the inherent right to life.","start":10456.28,"end":10459.82,"topics":[{"key":"human-rights","label":"Human Rights and Climate Impacts","description":"Several statements linked climate change to human rights obligations, including protection of life, livelihoods, and vulnerable persons. Some delegations supported this broader rights-based framing, while others questioned references to non-refoulement, group rights, or the legal scope of human rights law in climate matters."}],"words":[{"text":"Article","start":10456.28,"end":10457.06},{"text":"6","start":10457.06,"end":10457.44},{"text":"protects","start":10457.44,"end":10457.92},{"text":"the","start":10457.92,"end":10458.1},{"text":"inherent","start":10458.1,"end":10458.48},{"text":"right","start":10458.48,"end":10458.78},{"text":"to","start":10458.78,"end":10458.94},{"text":"life.","start":10458.94,"end":10459.82}]},{"text":"It does not in itself specifically regulate refoulement, nor was it drafted to address climate-related displacement.","start":10459.82,"end":10466.48,"topics":[{"key":"human-rights","label":"Human Rights and Climate Impacts","description":"Several statements linked climate change to human rights obligations, including protection of life, livelihoods, and vulnerable persons. Some delegations supported this broader rights-based framing, while others questioned references to non-refoulement, group rights, or the legal scope of human rights law in climate matters."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":10459.82,"end":10459.82},{"text":"does","start":10459.82,"end":10460.1},{"text":"not","start":10460.1,"end":10460.34},{"text":"in","start":10460.34,"end":10460.5},{"text":"itself","start":10460.5,"end":10461.04},{"text":"specifically","start":10461.04,"end":10461.62},{"text":"regulate","start":10461.62,"end":10462.2},{"text":"refoulement,","start":10462.2,"end":10463},{"text":"nor","start":10463.07,"end":10463.45},{"text":"was","start":10463.45,"end":10463.71},{"text":"it","start":10463.71,"end":10463.97},{"text":"drafted","start":10463.97,"end":10464.21},{"text":"to","start":10464.21,"end":10464.41},{"text":"address","start":10464.41,"end":10464.81},{"text":"climate-related","start":10464.81,"end":10465.53},{"text":"displacement.","start":10465.53,"end":10466.48}]},{"text":"Any interpretation connecting these distinct legal areas must be approached with caution and with due regard to the limits of the court's reasoning.","start":10466.91,"end":10474.42,"topics":[{"key":"human-rights","label":"Human Rights and Climate Impacts","description":"Several statements linked climate change to human rights obligations, including protection of life, livelihoods, and vulnerable persons. Some delegations supported this broader rights-based framing, while others questioned references to non-refoulement, group rights, or the legal scope of human rights law in climate matters."},{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":10466.91,"end":10467.01},{"text":"interpretation","start":10467.01,"end":10467.77},{"text":"connecting","start":10467.77,"end":10468.329},{"text":"these","start":10468.329,"end":10468.69},{"text":"distinct","start":10468.69,"end":10469.169},{"text":"legal","start":10469.169,"end":10469.51},{"text":"areas","start":10469.51,"end":10470.209},{"text":"must","start":10470.209,"end":10470.589},{"text":"be","start":10470.589,"end":10470.749},{"text":"approached","start":10470.749,"end":10471.089},{"text":"with","start":10471.089,"end":10471.29},{"text":"caution","start":10471.29,"end":10471.79},{"text":"and","start":10471.79,"end":10472.05},{"text":"with","start":10472.05,"end":10472.23},{"text":"due","start":10472.23,"end":10472.39},{"text":"regard","start":10472.39,"end":10472.769},{"text":"to","start":10472.769,"end":10472.95},{"text":"the","start":10472.95,"end":10473.03},{"text":"limits","start":10473.03,"end":10473.29},{"text":"of","start":10473.29,"end":10473.45},{"text":"the","start":10473.45,"end":10473.63},{"text":"court's","start":10473.63,"end":10473.97},{"text":"reasoning.","start":10473.97,"end":10474.42}]},{"text":"Pakistan does not consider this formulation to represent a settled or universally accepted position under international law, and we reserve our position on operative paragraph 8.","start":10474.89,"end":10485.07,"topics":[{"key":"human-rights","label":"Human Rights and Climate Impacts","description":"Several statements linked climate change to human rights obligations, including protection of life, livelihoods, and vulnerable persons. Some delegations supported this broader rights-based framing, while others questioned references to non-refoulement, group rights, or the legal scope of human rights law in climate matters."}],"words":[{"text":"Pakistan","start":10474.89,"end":10475.21},{"text":"does","start":10475.21,"end":10475.49},{"text":"not","start":10475.49,"end":10475.67},{"text":"consider","start":10475.67,"end":10476.07},{"text":"this","start":10476.07,"end":10476.25},{"text":"formulation","start":10476.25,"end":10476.79},{"text":"to","start":10476.79,"end":10477.13},{"text":"represent","start":10477.13,"end":10477.59},{"text":"a","start":10477.59,"end":10477.73},{"text":"settled","start":10477.73,"end":10478.109},{"text":"or","start":10478.109,"end":10478.33},{"text":"universally","start":10478.33,"end":10478.87},{"text":"accepted","start":10478.87,"end":10479.29},{"text":"position","start":10479.29,"end":10479.81},{"text":"under","start":10479.81,"end":10480.43},{"text":"international","start":10480.43,"end":10480.93},{"text":"law,","start":10480.93,"end":10481.71},{"text":"and","start":10481.71,"end":10481.73},{"text":"we","start":10481.73,"end":10481.89},{"text":"reserve","start":10481.89,"end":10482.17},{"text":"our","start":10482.17,"end":10482.39},{"text":"position","start":10482.39,"end":10482.65},{"text":"on","start":10482.65,"end":10482.85},{"text":"operative","start":10482.85,"end":10483.39},{"text":"paragraph","start":10483.39,"end":10483.77},{"text":"8.","start":10483.77,"end":10485.07}]},{"text":"Madam President, we wish to place on record that throughout the consultations, We consistently supported operative paragraphs 6 and 7 on sea level rise, statehood, and baselines.","start":10485.07,"end":10496.04,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise, Maritime Zones, and Statehood","description":"A major topic was the legal protection of small island and low-lying coastal States facing sea-level rise. Speakers emphasized continuity of statehood, preservation of maritime zones and entitlements, and the importance of legal certainty for affected countries."}],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":10485.07,"end":10485.19},{"text":"President,","start":10485.19,"end":10486.37},{"text":"we","start":10486.37,"end":10486.39},{"text":"wish","start":10486.39,"end":10486.67},{"text":"to","start":10486.67,"end":10486.79},{"text":"place","start":10486.79,"end":10486.97},{"text":"on","start":10486.97,"end":10487.15},{"text":"record","start":10487.15,"end":10487.51},{"text":"that","start":10487.51,"end":10487.77},{"text":"throughout","start":10487.77,"end":10488.05},{"text":"the","start":10488.05,"end":10488.27},{"text":"consultations,","start":10488.27,"end":10488.92},{"text":"We","start":10489.14,"end":10489.48},{"text":"consistently","start":10489.48,"end":10490.08},{"text":"supported","start":10490.08,"end":10490.74},{"text":"operative","start":10490.74,"end":10491.3},{"text":"paragraphs","start":10491.3,"end":10491.68},{"text":"6","start":10491.68,"end":10492.02},{"text":"and","start":10492.02,"end":10492.2},{"text":"7","start":10492.2,"end":10492.84},{"text":"on","start":10492.84,"end":10493.14},{"text":"sea","start":10493.14,"end":10493.42},{"text":"level","start":10493.42,"end":10493.64},{"text":"rise,","start":10493.64,"end":10494.279},{"text":"statehood,","start":10494.279,"end":10494.76},{"text":"and","start":10494.76,"end":10494.859},{"text":"baselines.","start":10494.859,"end":10496.04}]},{"text":"These provisions reflect the existential realities of small island developing states and are among the most significant practical expressions of the court's findings.","start":10496.04,"end":10504.74,"topics":[{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer most. This included repeated references to small island developing States, least developed countries, and frontline populations facing existential and unequal harms."},{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise, Maritime Zones, and Statehood","description":"A major topic was the legal protection of small island and low-lying coastal States facing sea-level rise. Speakers emphasized continuity of statehood, preservation of maritime zones and entitlements, and the importance of legal certainty for affected countries."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":10496.04,"end":10496.199},{"text":"provisions","start":10496.199,"end":10496.699},{"text":"reflect","start":10496.699,"end":10497.22},{"text":"the","start":10497.22,"end":10497.54},{"text":"existential","start":10497.54,"end":10497.98},{"text":"realities","start":10497.98,"end":10498.48},{"text":"of","start":10498.48,"end":10498.66},{"text":"small","start":10498.66,"end":10498.919},{"text":"island","start":10498.919,"end":10499.24},{"text":"developing","start":10499.24,"end":10499.64},{"text":"states","start":10499.64,"end":10500.12},{"text":"and","start":10500.12,"end":10500.64},{"text":"are","start":10500.64,"end":10500.78},{"text":"among","start":10500.78,"end":10500.96},{"text":"the","start":10500.96,"end":10501.14},{"text":"most","start":10501.14,"end":10501.339},{"text":"significant","start":10501.339,"end":10501.839},{"text":"practical","start":10501.839,"end":10502.48},{"text":"expressions","start":10502.48,"end":10502.999},{"text":"of","start":10502.999,"end":10503.22},{"text":"the","start":10503.22,"end":10503.44},{"text":"court's","start":10503.44,"end":10503.679},{"text":"findings.","start":10503.679,"end":10504.74}]},{"text":"Pakistan itself is among the countries most severely affected by climate change, bearing a disproportionate burden despite contributing least to historical emissions.","start":10504.74,"end":10513.38,"topics":[{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer most. This included repeated references to small island developing States, least developed countries, and frontline populations facing existential and unequal harms."},{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"Pakistan","start":10504.74,"end":10505.1},{"text":"itself","start":10505.1,"end":10505.6},{"text":"is","start":10505.6,"end":10505.82},{"text":"among","start":10505.82,"end":10506},{"text":"the","start":10506,"end":10506.18},{"text":"countries","start":10506.18,"end":10506.54},{"text":"most","start":10506.54,"end":10506.84},{"text":"severely","start":10506.84,"end":10507.26},{"text":"affected","start":10507.26,"end":10507.6},{"text":"by","start":10507.6,"end":10507.8},{"text":"climate","start":10507.8,"end":10508.24},{"text":"change,","start":10508.24,"end":10509.16},{"text":"bearing","start":10509.16,"end":10509.22},{"text":"a","start":10509.22,"end":10509.44},{"text":"disproportionate","start":10509.44,"end":10510.14},{"text":"burden","start":10510.14,"end":10510.5},{"text":"despite","start":10510.5,"end":10510.9},{"text":"contributing","start":10510.9,"end":10511.5},{"text":"least","start":10511.5,"end":10511.82},{"text":"to","start":10511.82,"end":10511.98},{"text":"historical","start":10511.98,"end":10512.42},{"text":"emissions.","start":10512.42,"end":10513.38}]},{"text":"It is from this shared experience that we stand in full solidarity with SIDS.","start":10513.38,"end":10517.71,"topics":[{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer most. This included repeated references to small island developing States, least developed countries, and frontline populations facing existential and unequal harms."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":10513.38,"end":10513.6},{"text":"is","start":10513.6,"end":10513.78},{"text":"from","start":10513.78,"end":10513.94},{"text":"this","start":10513.94,"end":10514.1},{"text":"shared","start":10514.1,"end":10514.42},{"text":"experience","start":10514.67,"end":10515.01},{"text":"that","start":10515.01,"end":10515.23},{"text":"we","start":10515.23,"end":10515.369},{"text":"stand","start":10515.369,"end":10515.73},{"text":"in","start":10515.73,"end":10515.93},{"text":"full","start":10515.93,"end":10516.09},{"text":"solidarity","start":10516.09,"end":10516.64},{"text":"with","start":10516.65,"end":10516.99},{"text":"SIDS.","start":10516.99,"end":10517.71}]},{"text":"The threats they face—rising seas, loss of territory, and questions about the continuity of their statehood—are not abstract legal questions.","start":10517.71,"end":10525.83,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise, Maritime Zones, and Statehood","description":"A major topic was the legal protection of small island and low-lying coastal States facing sea-level rise. Speakers emphasized continuity of statehood, preservation of maritime zones and entitlements, and the importance of legal certainty for affected countries."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10517.71,"end":10517.77},{"text":"threats","start":10517.77,"end":10518.13},{"text":"they","start":10518.13,"end":10518.39},{"text":"face—rising","start":10518.39,"end":10519.25},{"text":"seas,","start":10519.25,"end":10519.95},{"text":"loss","start":10519.95,"end":10520.15},{"text":"of","start":10520.15,"end":10520.41},{"text":"territory,","start":10520.41,"end":10521.03},{"text":"and","start":10521.03,"end":10521.21},{"text":"questions","start":10521.21,"end":10521.49},{"text":"about","start":10521.49,"end":10521.809},{"text":"the","start":10521.809,"end":10521.889},{"text":"continuity","start":10521.889,"end":10522.429},{"text":"of","start":10522.429,"end":10522.59},{"text":"their","start":10522.59,"end":10522.83},{"text":"statehood—are","start":10522.83,"end":10523.709},{"text":"not","start":10523.709,"end":10524.13},{"text":"abstract","start":10524.13,"end":10524.63},{"text":"legal","start":10524.63,"end":10524.91},{"text":"questions.","start":10524.91,"end":10525.83}]},{"text":"They are lived realities that demand the clearest possible affirmation from this Assembly, and this is why we supported OPs 6 and 7 throughout the negotiations.","start":10525.83,"end":10534.22,"topics":[{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise, Maritime Zones, and Statehood","description":"A major topic was the legal protection of small island and low-lying coastal States facing sea-level rise. Speakers emphasized continuity of statehood, preservation of maritime zones and entitlements, and the importance of legal certainty for affected countries."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":10525.83,"end":10526.01},{"text":"are","start":10526.01,"end":10526.11},{"text":"lived","start":10526.11,"end":10526.369},{"text":"realities","start":10526.369,"end":10526.85},{"text":"that","start":10526.85,"end":10527.05},{"text":"demand","start":10527.05,"end":10527.77},{"text":"the","start":10527.77,"end":10528.07},{"text":"clearest","start":10528.07,"end":10528.31},{"text":"possible","start":10528.31,"end":10528.81},{"text":"affirmation","start":10528.81,"end":10529.47},{"text":"from","start":10529.47,"end":10529.63},{"text":"this","start":10529.63,"end":10529.869},{"text":"Assembly,","start":10529.869,"end":10530.65},{"text":"and","start":10530.65,"end":10530.83},{"text":"this","start":10530.83,"end":10530.99},{"text":"is","start":10530.99,"end":10531.21},{"text":"why","start":10531.21,"end":10531.27},{"text":"we","start":10531.27,"end":10531.43},{"text":"supported","start":10531.43,"end":10531.95},{"text":"OPs","start":10531.95,"end":10532.31},{"text":"6","start":10532.31,"end":10532.63},{"text":"and","start":10532.63,"end":10532.83},{"text":"7","start":10532.83,"end":10533.15},{"text":"throughout","start":10533.15,"end":10533.47},{"text":"the","start":10533.47,"end":10533.67},{"text":"negotiations.","start":10533.67,"end":10534.22}]},{"text":"Madam President, on balance, Pakistan abstained on this resolution.","start":10534.99,"end":10539.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":10534.99,"end":10535.15},{"text":"President,","start":10535.15,"end":10535.89},{"text":"on","start":10535.89,"end":10535.99},{"text":"balance,","start":10535.99,"end":10536.59},{"text":"Pakistan","start":10536.59,"end":10537.05},{"text":"abstained","start":10537.05,"end":10537.65},{"text":"on","start":10537.65,"end":10537.93},{"text":"this","start":10537.93,"end":10538.11},{"text":"resolution.","start":10538.11,"end":10539.01}]},{"text":"We believe the advisory opinion deserved to be reflected more thoroughly, and with greater fidelity to the full dispositive.","start":10539.01,"end":10545.586,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10539.01,"end":10539.25},{"text":"believe","start":10539.25,"end":10539.77},{"text":"the","start":10539.77,"end":10540.01},{"text":"advisory","start":10540.01,"end":10540.37},{"text":"opinion","start":10540.37,"end":10540.73},{"text":"deserved","start":10540.73,"end":10541.23},{"text":"to","start":10541.23,"end":10541.51},{"text":"be","start":10541.51,"end":10541.65},{"text":"reflected","start":10541.65,"end":10542.07},{"text":"more","start":10542.07,"end":10542.31},{"text":"thoroughly,","start":10542.31,"end":10542.75},{"text":"and","start":10543.176,"end":10543.257},{"text":"with","start":10543.273,"end":10543.482},{"text":"greater","start":10543.514,"end":10543.899},{"text":"fidelity","start":10543.899,"end":10544.397},{"text":"to","start":10544.397,"end":10544.542},{"text":"the","start":10544.542,"end":10544.702},{"text":"full","start":10544.702,"end":10544.831},{"text":"dispositive.","start":10544.943,"end":10545.586}]},{"text":"We will continue to advocate for the comprehensive implementation of States' obligations as identified by the Court, including on climate finance, mitigation, adaptation, and the rights of those most vulnerable, including of the Small Island Developing States.","start":10546.084,"end":10559.912,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."},{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."},{"key":"human-rights","label":"Human Rights and Climate Impacts","description":"Several statements linked climate change to human rights obligations, including protection of life, livelihoods, and vulnerable persons. Some delegations supported this broader rights-based framing, while others questioned references to non-refoulement, group rights, or the legal scope of human rights law in climate 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thank you.","start":10560.137,"end":10560.603,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10560.137,"end":10560.153},{"text":"thank","start":10560.217,"end":10560.522},{"text":"you.","start":10560.522,"end":10560.603}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"PAK","affiliation_full":"Pakistan","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":109,"start":10563.012,"pageUrl":"/ru/ga/80/83?lang=en&t=10564","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Pakistan, and I will now give the floor to the representative of Malaysia, who will be our last 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you, Madam President.","start":10574.84,"end":10575.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10574.84,"end":10574.84},{"text":"you,","start":10574.84,"end":10575.1},{"text":"Madam","start":10575.1,"end":10575.199},{"text":"President.","start":10575.199,"end":10575.85}]},{"text":"Malaysia wishes to make a brief explanation of the vote.","start":10576.52,"end":10579.24,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":10576.52,"end":10576.64},{"text":"wishes","start":10576.64,"end":10576.919},{"text":"to","start":10576.919,"end":10577.159},{"text":"make","start":10577.159,"end":10577.34},{"text":"a","start":10577.34,"end":10577.479},{"text":"brief","start":10577.479,"end":10577.74},{"text":"explanation","start":10577.74,"end":10578.24},{"text":"of","start":10578.24,"end":10578.42},{"text":"the","start":10578.42,"end":10578.639},{"text":"vote.","start":10578.639,"end":10579.24}]},{"text":"Malaysia will submit its full statement in writing in due course.","start":10579.42,"end":10582.86,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":10579.42,"end":10579.62},{"text":"will","start":10579.62,"end":10579.84},{"text":"submit","start":10579.84,"end":10580.12},{"text":"its","start":10580.12,"end":10580.32},{"text":"full","start":10580.32,"end":10580.5},{"text":"statement","start":10580.5,"end":10580.84},{"text":"in","start":10580.84,"end":10581.18},{"text":"writing","start":10581.18,"end":10581.6},{"text":"in","start":10581.6,"end":10581.899},{"text":"due","start":10581.899,"end":10582.16},{"text":"course.","start":10582.16,"end":10582.86}]},{"text":"Malaysia voted in favor of this resolution.","start":10583.399,"end":10585.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":10583.399,"end":10583.62},{"text":"voted","start":10583.62,"end":10583.96},{"text":"in","start":10583.96,"end":10584.26},{"text":"favor","start":10584.26,"end":10584.42},{"text":"of","start":10584.42,"end":10584.6},{"text":"this","start":10584.6,"end":10584.82},{"text":"resolution.","start":10584.82,"end":10585.37}]},{"text":"Malaysia expresses its appreciation to the co-facilitators, Vanuatu and the Core Group, for their efforts in steering the consultations on this important resolution.","start":10585.96,"end":10594.86,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":10585.96,"end":10586.56},{"text":"expresses","start":10586.56,"end":10587.12},{"text":"its","start":10587.12,"end":10587.86},{"text":"appreciation","start":10587.86,"end":10588.48},{"text":"to","start":10588.48,"end":10588.72},{"text":"the","start":10588.72,"end":10588.92},{"text":"co-facilitators,","start":10588.92,"end":10590.08},{"text":"Vanuatu","start":10590.08,"end":10590.38},{"text":"and","start":10590.38,"end":10590.64},{"text":"the","start":10590.64,"end":10590.88},{"text":"Core","start":10590.88,"end":10591.08},{"text":"Group,","start":10591.08,"end":10591.5},{"text":"for","start":10591.5,"end":10591.7},{"text":"their","start":10591.7,"end":10591.84},{"text":"efforts","start":10591.84,"end":10592.2},{"text":"in","start":10592.2,"end":10592.48},{"text":"steering","start":10592.48,"end":10592.74},{"text":"the","start":10592.74,"end":10592.9},{"text":"consultations","start":10592.9,"end":10593.54},{"text":"on","start":10593.54,"end":10593.72},{"text":"this","start":10593.72,"end":10593.92},{"text":"important","start":10593.92,"end":10594.34},{"text":"resolution.","start":10594.34,"end":10594.86}]},{"text":"We also acknowledge the constructive engagement undertaken throughout the negotiation process and the efforts made to reflect the views and concerns of delegations.","start":10595.623,"end":10603.442,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10595.623,"end":10595.719},{"text":"also","start":10595.783,"end":10596.007},{"text":"acknowledge","start":10596.023,"end":10596.472},{"text":"the","start":10596.664,"end":10596.809},{"text":"constructive","start":10596.809,"end":10597.241},{"text":"engagement","start":10597.305,"end":10597.706},{"text":"undertaken","start":10597.77,"end":10598.187},{"text":"throughout","start":10598.187,"end":10598.587},{"text":"the","start":10598.587,"end":10598.667},{"text":"negotiation","start":10598.667,"end":10599.292},{"text":"process","start":10599.292,"end":10599.741},{"text":"and","start":10600.109,"end":10600.174},{"text":"the","start":10600.19,"end":10600.318},{"text":"efforts","start":10600.334,"end":10600.606},{"text":"made","start":10600.734,"end":10600.879},{"text":"to","start":10601.215,"end":10601.295},{"text":"reflect","start":10601.311,"end":10601.648},{"text":"the","start":10601.648,"end":10601.792},{"text":"views","start":10601.792,"end":10602.08},{"text":"and","start":10602.177,"end":10602.257},{"text":"concerns","start":10602.273,"end":10602.689},{"text":"of","start":10602.753,"end":10602.801},{"text":"delegations.","start":10602.834,"end":10603.442}]},{"text":"Malaysia recognizes the significance of the Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice and the importance of international cooperation in addressing climate change in a manner consistent with international law.","start":10603.667,"end":10615.573,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."},{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":10603.667,"end":10604.612},{"text":"recognizes","start":10604.612,"end":10605.205},{"text":"the","start":10605.477,"end":10605.558},{"text":"significance","start":10605.558,"end":10606.183},{"text":"of","start":10606.199,"end":10606.247},{"text":"the","start":10606.295,"end":10606.711},{"text":"Advisory","start":10606.84,"end":10607.24},{"text":"Opinion","start":10607.32,"end":10607.769},{"text":"of","start":10608.105,"end":10608.153},{"text":"the","start":10608.202,"end":10608.266},{"text":"International","start":10608.266,"end":10608.73},{"text":"Court","start":10608.762,"end":10608.923},{"text":"of","start":10608.923,"end":10609.051},{"text":"Justice","start":10609.083,"end":10609.644},{"text":"and","start":10609.884,"end":10609.948},{"text":"the","start":10609.964,"end":10610.044},{"text":"importance","start":10610.044,"end":10610.589},{"text":"of","start":10610.621,"end":10610.733},{"text":"international","start":10610.765,"end":10611.23},{"text":"cooperation","start":10611.23,"end":10611.855},{"text":"in","start":10612.208,"end":10612.256},{"text":"addressing","start":10612.352,"end":10612.816},{"text":"climate","start":10613.153,"end":10613.473},{"text":"change","start":10613.473,"end":10613.698},{"text":"in","start":10613.73,"end":10613.794},{"text":"a","start":10613.826,"end":10613.874},{"text":"manner","start":10613.874,"end":10614.211},{"text":"consistent","start":10614.211,"end":10614.739},{"text":"with","start":10614.755,"end":10614.9},{"text":"international","start":10614.948,"end":10615.476},{"text":"law.","start":10615.476,"end":10615.573}]},{"text":"Malaysia remains firmly committed to multilateral efforts to address climate change particularly through the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement.","start":10616.438,"end":10627.911,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":10616.438,"end":10616.838},{"text":"remains","start":10616.838,"end":10617.175},{"text":"firmly","start":10617.255,"end":10617.544},{"text":"committed","start":10617.64,"end":10618.056},{"text":"to","start":10618.441,"end":10618.521},{"text":"multilateral","start":10618.521,"end":10619.274},{"text":"efforts","start":10619.418,"end":10619.771},{"text":"to","start":10620.155,"end":10620.3},{"text":"address","start":10620.3,"end":10620.572},{"text":"climate","start":10620.684,"end":10621.005},{"text":"change","start":10621.021,"end":10621.389},{"text":"particularly","start":10621.662,"end":10622.19},{"text":"through","start":10622.222,"end":10622.351},{"text":"the","start":10622.463,"end":10622.607},{"text":"United","start":10622.607,"end":10622.992},{"text":"Nations","start":10623.024,"end":10623.36},{"text":"Framework","start":10623.488,"end":10623.905},{"text":"Convention","start":10623.905,"end":10624.45},{"text":"on","start":10624.466,"end":10624.514},{"text":"Climate","start":10624.546,"end":10624.931},{"text":"Change,","start":10624.931,"end":10625.187},{"text":"the","start":10625.652,"end":10625.748},{"text":"Kyoto","start":10625.748,"end":10626.004},{"text":"Protocol,","start":10626.068,"end":10626.629},{"text":"and","start":10626.933,"end":10627.014},{"text":"the","start":10627.03,"end":10627.11},{"text":"Paris","start":10627.11,"end":10627.382},{"text":"Agreement.","start":10627.494,"end":10627.911}]},{"text":"These instruments remain the primary international frameworks for negotiating and implementing the global response to climate change.","start":10628.632,"end":10635.57,"topics":[{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":10628.632,"end":10628.76},{"text":"instruments","start":10628.888,"end":10629.545},{"text":"remain","start":10629.738,"end":10629.994},{"text":"the","start":10629.994,"end":10630.138},{"text":"primary","start":10630.138,"end":10630.443},{"text":"international","start":10630.475,"end":10630.923},{"text":"frameworks","start":10630.939,"end":10631.612},{"text":"for","start":10631.741,"end":10631.853},{"text":"negotiating","start":10631.853,"end":10632.526},{"text":"and","start":10632.878,"end":10632.942},{"text":"implementing","start":10632.974,"end":10633.647},{"text":"the","start":10634,"end":10634.144},{"text":"global","start":10634.144,"end":10634.385},{"text":"response","start":10634.385,"end":10634.801},{"text":"to","start":10634.801,"end":10634.929},{"text":"climate","start":10634.945,"end":10635.282},{"text":"change.","start":10635.282,"end":10635.57}]},{"text":"In this regard, Malaysia emphasises that climate action must continue to be guided by equity and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances.","start":10636.884,"end":10650.96,"topics":[{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10636.884,"end":10636.948},{"text":"this","start":10637.044,"end":10637.205},{"text":"regard,","start":10637.205,"end":10637.493},{"text":"Malaysia","start":10638.086,"end":10638.406},{"text":"emphasises","start":10638.406,"end":10639.496},{"text":"that","start":10639.849,"end":10640.009},{"text":"climate","start":10640.009,"end":10640.506},{"text":"action","start":10640.634,"end":10640.906},{"text":"must","start":10641.371,"end":10641.531},{"text":"continue","start":10641.531,"end":10641.932},{"text":"to","start":10641.932,"end":10642.012},{"text":"be","start":10642.012,"end":10642.156},{"text":"guided","start":10642.156,"end":10642.541},{"text":"by","start":10642.557,"end":10642.605},{"text":"equity","start":10642.669,"end":10643.101},{"text":"and","start":10643.614,"end":10643.678},{"text":"the","start":10643.694,"end":10643.774},{"text":"principle","start":10643.774,"end":10644.255},{"text":"of","start":10644.255,"end":10644.383},{"text":"common","start":10644.415,"end":10644.784},{"text":"but","start":10644.816,"end":10644.96},{"text":"differentiated","start":10644.96,"end":10645.633},{"text":"responsibilities","start":10645.697,"end":10646.547},{"text":"and","start":10647.043,"end":10647.123},{"text":"respective","start":10647.123,"end":10647.748},{"text":"capabilities,","start":10647.78,"end":10648.469},{"text":"in","start":10648.65,"end":10649.03},{"text":"the","start":10649.03,"end":10649.229},{"text":"light","start":10649.229,"end":10649.33},{"text":"of","start":10649.33,"end":10649.55},{"text":"different","start":10649.55,"end":10649.85},{"text":"national","start":10649.85,"end":10650.21},{"text":"circumstances.","start":10650.21,"end":10650.96}]},{"text":"The specific needs and special circumstances of developing countries must be given full consideration, particularly in balancing climate ambition with sustainable development, poverty eradication, food and energy security, and a just transition.","start":10651.83,"end":10665.92,"topics":[{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."},{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10651.83,"end":10651.83},{"text":"specific","start":10651.83,"end":10652.25},{"text":"needs","start":10652.25,"end":10652.51},{"text":"and","start":10652.51,"end":10652.69},{"text":"special","start":10652.69,"end":10652.949},{"text":"circumstances","start":10652.949,"end":10653.51},{"text":"of","start":10653.51,"end":10653.77},{"text":"developing","start":10653.77,"end":10654.029},{"text":"countries","start":10654.029,"end":10654.59},{"text":"must","start":10654.59,"end":10655.01},{"text":"be","start":10655.01,"end":10655.23},{"text":"given","start":10655.23,"end":10655.449},{"text":"full","start":10655.449,"end":10655.73},{"text":"consideration,","start":10655.73,"end":10656.43},{"text":"particularly","start":10657.03,"end":10657.37},{"text":"in","start":10657.37,"end":10657.689},{"text":"balancing","start":10657.689,"end":10658.09},{"text":"climate","start":10658.09,"end":10658.429},{"text":"ambition","start":10658.429,"end":10659.009},{"text":"with","start":10659.009,"end":10659.53},{"text":"sustainable","start":10659.53,"end":10660.03},{"text":"development,","start":10660.03,"end":10661.23},{"text":"poverty","start":10661.23,"end":10661.87},{"text":"eradication,","start":10661.87,"end":10663.189},{"text":"food","start":10663.189,"end":10663.349},{"text":"and","start":10663.349,"end":10663.59},{"text":"energy","start":10663.59,"end":10663.99},{"text":"security,","start":10663.99,"end":10664.99},{"text":"and","start":10665.07,"end":10665.17},{"text":"a","start":10665.17,"end":10665.29},{"text":"just","start":10665.29,"end":10665.47},{"text":"transition.","start":10665.47,"end":10665.92}]},{"text":"Madam President, Malaysia's support for this resolution is based on several important understandings.","start":10667.07,"end":10672.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam","start":10667.07,"end":10667.09},{"text":"President,","start":10667.09,"end":10668.51},{"text":"Malaysia's","start":10668.51,"end":10668.93},{"text":"support","start":10668.93,"end":10669.03},{"text":"for","start":10669.03,"end":10669.19},{"text":"this","start":10669.19,"end":10669.37},{"text":"resolution","start":10669.37,"end":10669.83},{"text":"is","start":10669.83,"end":10670.11},{"text":"based","start":10670.11,"end":10670.37},{"text":"on","start":10670.37,"end":10670.65},{"text":"several","start":10670.65,"end":10670.89},{"text":"important","start":10670.89,"end":10671.33},{"text":"understandings.","start":10671.33,"end":10672.03}]},{"text":"First, Malaysia's support should not be interpreted as acceptance of any new legal obligations beyond those expressly undertaken by Malaysia under the relevant treaties to which it is a party.","start":10672.77,"end":10684.68,"topics":[{"key":"state-responsibility","label":"State Responsibility and Reparation","description":"Delegations discussed whether breaches of climate-related obligations can amount to internationally wrongful acts and trigger responsibility, remedies, or reparation. While some welcomed this accountability dimension, others cautioned against implying automatic liability or legal consequences beyond what the Court explicitly stated."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":10672.77,"end":10673.41},{"text":"Malaysia's","start":10673.41,"end":10673.81},{"text":"support","start":10673.81,"end":10674.13},{"text":"should","start":10674.13,"end":10674.39},{"text":"not","start":10674.39,"end":10674.55},{"text":"be","start":10674.55,"end":10674.71},{"text":"interpreted","start":10674.71,"end":10675.23},{"text":"as","start":10675.452,"end":10675.5},{"text":"acceptance","start":10675.548,"end":10676.094},{"text":"of","start":10676.174,"end":10676.302},{"text":"any","start":10676.415,"end":10676.591},{"text":"new","start":10676.591,"end":10676.784},{"text":"legal","start":10676.88,"end":10677.217},{"text":"obligations","start":10677.217,"end":10677.827},{"text":"beyond","start":10678.26,"end":10678.63},{"text":"those","start":10678.63,"end":10678.79},{"text":"expressly","start":10678.822,"end":10679.272},{"text":"undertaken","start":10679.304,"end":10679.753},{"text":"by","start":10679.785,"end":10679.946},{"text":"Malaysia","start":10679.946,"end":10680.459},{"text":"under","start":10680.828,"end":10681.791},{"text":"the","start":10681.791,"end":10681.92},{"text":"relevant","start":10681.936,"end":10682.546},{"text":"treaties","start":10682.69,"end":10683.123},{"text":"to","start":10683.557,"end":10683.701},{"text":"which","start":10683.701,"end":10683.846},{"text":"it","start":10684.022,"end":10684.118},{"text":"is","start":10684.118,"end":10684.199},{"text":"a","start":10684.215,"end":10684.359},{"text":"party.","start":10684.359,"end":10684.68}]},{"text":"Malaysia understands the Advisory Opinion as clarifying existing international law, rather than creating new treaty obligations or a new legislative mandate.","start":10685.547,"end":10694.614,"topics":[{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."}],"words":[{"text":"Malaysia","start":10685.547,"end":10685.803},{"text":"understands","start":10685.803,"end":10686.333},{"text":"the","start":10686.606,"end":10686.686},{"text":"Advisory","start":10686.686,"end":10687.055},{"text":"Opinion","start":10687.152,"end":10687.537},{"text":"as","start":10687.89,"end":10688.018},{"text":"clarifying","start":10688.115,"end":10688.58},{"text":"existing","start":10688.757,"end":10689.142},{"text":"international","start":10689.238,"end":10689.736},{"text":"law,","start":10689.736,"end":10689.832},{"text":"rather","start":10690.442,"end":10690.859},{"text":"than","start":10690.859,"end":10690.971},{"text":"creating","start":10691.1,"end":10691.549},{"text":"new","start":10691.661,"end":10691.774},{"text":"treaty","start":10691.902,"end":10692.191},{"text":"obligations","start":10692.223,"end":10692.913},{"text":"or","start":10693.331,"end":10693.411},{"text":"a","start":10693.411,"end":10693.459},{"text":"new","start":10693.475,"end":10693.684},{"text":"legislative","start":10693.684,"end":10694.197},{"text":"mandate.","start":10694.293,"end":10694.614}]},{"text":"Second, references to due diligence, including any description of such standard as stringent, should be understood within the specific context of the advisory opinion.","start":10695.417,"end":10705.064,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":10695.417,"end":10696.46},{"text":"references","start":10696.508,"end":10697.006},{"text":"to","start":10697.118,"end":10697.23},{"text":"due","start":10697.584,"end":10697.76},{"text":"diligence,","start":10697.76,"end":10698.274},{"text":"including","start":10698.643,"end":10699.092},{"text":"any","start":10699.124,"end":10699.285},{"text":"description","start":10699.285,"end":10699.895},{"text":"of","start":10699.927,"end":10700.055},{"text":"such","start":10700.071,"end":10700.376},{"text":"standard","start":10700.472,"end":10700.793},{"text":"as","start":10700.809,"end":10700.841},{"text":"stringent,","start":10700.841,"end":10701.451},{"text":"should","start":10701.772,"end":10701.949},{"text":"be","start":10701.997,"end":10702.045},{"text":"understood","start":10702.094,"end":10702.624},{"text":"within","start":10702.72,"end":10702.913},{"text":"the","start":10702.913,"end":10702.977},{"text":"specific","start":10702.977,"end":10703.443},{"text":"context","start":10703.443,"end":10704.021},{"text":"of","start":10704.021,"end":10704.069},{"text":"the","start":10704.117,"end":10704.245},{"text":"advisory","start":10704.262,"end":10704.631},{"text":"opinion.","start":10704.663,"end":10705.064}]},{"text":"They should not override the nationally determined character of the Paris Agreement or impose a uniform standard without due regard to national circumstances, capabilities, development needs, and available means of implementation.","start":10705.948,"end":10719.437,"topics":[{"key":"cbdr-equity","label":"Equity and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities","description":"Speakers repeatedly invoked equity, historical responsibility, and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":10705.948,"end":10706.028},{"text":"should","start":10706.028,"end":10706.269},{"text":"not","start":10706.269,"end":10706.462},{"text":"override","start":10706.815,"end":10707.2},{"text":"the","start":10707.457,"end":10707.537},{"text":"nationally","start":10707.537,"end":10708.083},{"text":"determined","start":10708.517,"end":10709.063},{"text":"character","start":10709.063,"end":10709.4},{"text":"of","start":10709.48,"end":10709.577},{"text":"the","start":10709.625,"end":10709.721},{"text":"Paris","start":10709.721,"end":10709.93},{"text":"Agreement","start":10710.043,"end":10710.572},{"text":"or","start":10710.926,"end":10711.006},{"text":"impose","start":10711.086,"end":10711.536},{"text":"a","start":10711.793,"end":10711.873},{"text":"uniform","start":10711.873,"end":10712.21},{"text":"standard","start":10712.21,"end":10712.74},{"text":"without","start":10712.853,"end":10713.142},{"text":"due","start":10713.254,"end":10713.367},{"text":"regard","start":10713.415,"end":10713.8},{"text":"to","start":10713.8,"end":10713.88},{"text":"national","start":10713.88,"end":10714.17},{"text":"circumstances,","start":10714.17,"end":10714.908},{"text":"capabilities,","start":10715.422,"end":10716.113},{"text":"development","start":10716.626,"end":10717.108},{"text":"needs,","start":10717.108,"end":10717.445},{"text":"and","start":10717.751,"end":10717.815},{"text":"available","start":10717.895,"end":10718.361},{"text":"means","start":10718.393,"end":10718.569},{"text":"of","start":10718.634,"end":10718.73},{"text":"implementation.","start":10718.73,"end":10719.437}]},{"text":"Third, references to the collective temperature goal, renewable energy, energy efficiency, transitioning away from fossil fuels, Net Zero by 2050 and fossil fuel subsidies are understood as policy-oriented calls to be implemented in accordance with the Paris Agreement and different national pathways and approaches.","start":10720.802,"end":10742.2,"topics":[{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":10720.802,"end":10720.93},{"text":"references","start":10721.54,"end":10722.022},{"text":"to","start":10722.086,"end":10722.247},{"text":"the","start":10722.247,"end":10722.327},{"text":"collective","start":10722.327,"end":10722.777},{"text":"temperature","start":10722.809,"end":10723.275},{"text":"goal,","start":10723.291,"end":10723.483},{"text":"renewable","start":10723.997,"end":10724.479},{"text":"energy,","start":10724.559,"end":10724.945},{"text":"energy","start":10725.523,"end":10725.828},{"text":"efficiency,","start":10725.86,"end":10726.39},{"text":"transitioning","start":10726.984,"end":10727.594},{"text":"away","start":10727.691,"end":10727.819},{"text":"from","start":10727.931,"end":10728.092},{"text":"fossil","start":10728.172,"end":10728.638},{"text":"fuels,","start":10728.654,"end":10728.959},{"text":"Net","start":10729.14,"end":10729.66},{"text":"Zero","start":10729.66,"end":10730},{"text":"by","start":10730,"end":10730.16},{"text":"2050","start":10730.16,"end":10731.04},{"text":"and","start":10731.04,"end":10731.54},{"text":"fossil","start":10731.54,"end":10731.82},{"text":"fuel","start":10731.82,"end":10732.3},{"text":"subsidies","start":10732.3,"end":10732.84},{"text":"are","start":10732.84,"end":10733.38},{"text":"understood","start":10733.38,"end":10733.8},{"text":"as","start":10733.8,"end":10734.14},{"text":"policy-oriented","start":10734.14,"end":10734.939},{"text":"calls","start":10734.939,"end":10735.519},{"text":"to","start":10735.519,"end":10735.84},{"text":"be","start":10735.84,"end":10736.06},{"text":"implemented","start":10736.06,"end":10736.64},{"text":"in","start":10736.64,"end":10737},{"text":"accordance","start":10737,"end":10737.22},{"text":"with","start":10737.22,"end":10737.48},{"text":"the","start":10737.48,"end":10737.58},{"text":"Paris","start":10737.58,"end":10737.88},{"text":"Agreement","start":10737.88,"end":10738.64},{"text":"and","start":10738.64,"end":10738.98},{"text":"different","start":10738.98,"end":10739.3},{"text":"national","start":10739.3,"end":10739.7},{"text":"pathways","start":10739.7,"end":10740.2},{"text":"and","start":10740.2,"end":10740.999},{"text":"approaches.","start":10740.999,"end":10742.2}]},{"text":"For developing countries, implementation remains closely linked to adequate, predictable, and accessible means of implementation, including finance, technology transfer, and capacity building.","start":10742.2,"end":10753.48,"topics":[{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":10742.2,"end":10742.259},{"text":"developing","start":10742.259,"end":10742.62},{"text":"countries,","start":10742.62,"end":10743.52},{"text":"implementation","start":10743.88,"end":10744.179},{"text":"remains","start":10744.179,"end":10744.56},{"text":"closely","start":10744.56,"end":10745.2},{"text":"linked","start":10745.2,"end":10745.52},{"text":"to","start":10745.52,"end":10745.7},{"text":"adequate,","start":10745.7,"end":10746.54},{"text":"predictable,","start":10746.54,"end":10747.5},{"text":"and","start":10747.5,"end":10747.56},{"text":"accessible","start":10747.56,"end":10748.1},{"text":"means","start":10748.1,"end":10748.46},{"text":"of","start":10748.46,"end":10748.56},{"text":"implementation,","start":10748.56,"end":10749.46},{"text":"including","start":10750,"end":10750.06},{"text":"finance,","start":10750.06,"end":10750.94},{"text":"technology","start":10750.94,"end":10751.34},{"text":"transfer,","start":10751.34,"end":10752.18},{"text":"and","start":10752.18,"end":10752.28},{"text":"capacity","start":10752.28,"end":10752.64},{"text":"building.","start":10752.64,"end":10753.48}]},{"text":"Fourth, Malaysia places on record its position on the reference to non riformo.","start":10753.48,"end":10758.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Fourth,","start":10753.48,"end":10754.48},{"text":"Malaysia","start":10754.67,"end":10755.05},{"text":"places","start":10755.05,"end":10755.39},{"text":"on","start":10755.39,"end":10755.63},{"text":"record","start":10755.63,"end":10756.03},{"text":"its","start":10756.03,"end":10756.41},{"text":"position","start":10756.41,"end":10756.83},{"text":"on","start":10756.83,"end":10757.05},{"text":"the","start":10757.05,"end":10757.09},{"text":"reference","start":10757.09,"end":10757.49},{"text":"to","start":10757.49,"end":10757.77},{"text":"non","start":10757.77,"end":10757.97},{"text":"riformo.","start":10757.97,"end":10758.67}]},{"text":"Malaysia's support for the resolution should not be construed as acceptance of any interpretation that alters or expands Malaysia's sovereign position on the status and scope of that principle under international law.","start":10759.29,"end":10771.87,"topics":[{"key":"human-rights","label":"Human Rights and Climate Impacts","description":"Several statements linked climate change to human rights obligations, including protection of life, livelihoods, and vulnerable persons. 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thank you, Madam President.","start":10839.072,"end":10840.035,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10839.072,"end":10839.088},{"text":"thank","start":10839.152,"end":10839.328},{"text":"you,","start":10839.328,"end":10839.393},{"text":"Madam","start":10839.441,"end":10839.617},{"text":"President.","start":10839.617,"end":10840.035}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"MYS","affiliation_full":"Malaysia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":111,"start":10841.785,"pageUrl":"/ru/ga/80/83?lang=en&t=10842","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Malaysia.","start":10841.785,"end":10843.792,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10841.785,"end":10841.833},{"text":"thank","start":10841.946,"end":10842.283},{"text":"the","start":10842.283,"end":10842.363},{"text":"representative","start":10842.363,"end":10843.021},{"text":"of","start":10843.021,"end":10843.134},{"text":"Malaysia.","start":10843.166,"end":10843.792}]},{"text":"We have heard the last speaker in explanations of vote after the vote for this meeting.","start":10844.45,"end":10850.199,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10844.45,"end":10844.627},{"text":"have","start":10844.756,"end":10844.98},{"text":"heard","start":10844.996,"end":10845.318},{"text":"the","start":10845.43,"end":10845.558},{"text":"last","start":10845.574,"end":10845.863},{"text":"speaker","start":10845.96,"end":10846.425},{"text":"in","start":10846.859,"end":10846.907},{"text":"explanations","start":10847.1,"end":10847.951},{"text":"of","start":10847.983,"end":10848.111},{"text":"vote","start":10848.144,"end":10848.561},{"text":"after","start":10848.689,"end":10848.93},{"text":"the","start":10848.93,"end":10849.027},{"text":"vote","start":10849.027,"end":10849.508},{"text":"for","start":10849.508,"end":10849.637},{"text":"this","start":10849.653,"end":10849.781},{"text":"meeting.","start":10849.91,"end":10850.199}]},{"text":"Members are informed that the remaining speakers 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The discussion focused on how climate obligations should be applied differently across developed and developing countries based on contributions, capacities, and national circumstances."},{"key":"icj-opinion","label":"ICJ Advisory Opinion and International Law","description":"Delegations debated the meaning, authority, and legal implications of the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on climate change. Speakers differed on whether it merely clarifies existing law or is being used to expand or reinterpret States' obligations."},{"key":"human-rights","label":"Human Rights and Climate Impacts","description":"Several statements linked climate change to human rights obligations, including protection of life, livelihoods, and vulnerable persons. Some delegations supported this broader rights-based framing, while others questioned references to non-refoulement, group rights, or the legal scope of human rights law in climate matters."},{"key":"sea-level-rise","label":"Sea-Level Rise, Maritime Zones, and Statehood","description":"A major topic was the legal protection of small island and low-lying coastal States facing sea-level rise. Speakers emphasized continuity of statehood, preservation of maritime zones and entitlements, and the importance of legal certainty for affected countries."},{"key":"climate-finance","label":"Climate Finance and Means of Implementation","description":"Several delegations highlighted finance, technology transfer, capacity-building, adaptation support, and loss and damage as core obligations toward developing countries. A repeated concern was that the resolution did not sufficiently reflect the Court's findings on support that countries with greater responsibility should provide."},{"key":"climate-justice","label":"Climate Justice and Vulnerable States","description":"Many delegations framed climate change as an issue of justice for countries and communities that contributed least but suffer most. This included repeated references to small island developing States, least developed countries, and frontline populations facing existential and unequal harms."},{"key":"energy-transition","label":"Energy Transition and Mitigation Ambition","description":"Delegations discussed emissions reductions, the 1.5°C goal, fossil fuels, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and net-zero pathways. Disagreement centered on how strongly the resolution should endorse specific mitigation pathways and how those relate to nationally determined approaches under the Paris Agreement."},{"key":"unfccc-governance","label":"UNFCCC and Paris Agreement Architecture","description":"Many statements stressed that the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement remain the primary forums for negotiating and implementing climate action. A central issue was whether General Assembly follow-up complements that architecture or risks duplicating and undermining it."},{"key":"state-responsibility","label":"State Responsibility and Reparation","description":"Delegations discussed whether breaches of climate-related obligations can amount to internationally wrongful acts and trigger responsibility, remedies, or reparation. While some welcomed this accountability dimension, others cautioned against implying automatic liability or legal consequences beyond what the Court explicitly stated."}]}}