Третий комитет, 31-е пленарное заседание - Генеральная Ассамблея, 81-я сессия Генеральная Ассамблея Date: 28 October 2026 Language: English Transcript: https://transcripts.un.org/ru/ga/c3/81/31?lang=en Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations. --- 3rd Committee · Chair [0:02]: The thirty-first meeting of the Third Committee at the eighty-first session of the General Assembly is called to order. I invite the Committee to continue its consideration of agenda item titled "Promotion and protection of human rights" and its sub-items A to D. I wish to remind delegations that the deadline for the submission of draft proposals under this agenda item is 1:00 PM on Tuesday, 3rd of November. I first welcome the chair of the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission for the Sudan, Mr. Mohamed Othman. Participants wishing to make comments and pose questions to the speaker are invited to press their microphone button within the next three minutes. after which the list will be closed. The time limit for each speaker will be announced before the floor is given to the first intervention. I thank you for your cooperation. I now invite the chair of the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission for the Sudan to make an introductory statement. Mr. Othman, you have the floor. UN · Chair, Independent International Fact-Finding Mission for the Sudan [1:18]: Distinguished Chair, Excellencies, Delegates, allow me to brief you and four interrelated concerns. First, our report, fueling Sudan's conflict, weapons, fighters, and external support networks, which was presented before the UN Human Rights Council in September, examine how external support networks continue to sustain and intensify the conflict. We found reasonable grounds to believe that the external transfers of weapons, military technology, Logistic support and foreign personnel have enhanced the military capabilities of both parties and facilitated the growing use of sophisticated weapon systems, particularly long-range drones. These developments are expanding the geographical reach of the conflict and increasing risks to civilians. We also found reasonable grounds to believe that a transnational network operating across several countries enabled and reinforced military operations of the Rapid Support Forces, RSF. Evidence gathered by the mission points to the involvement of individuals and entities operating from the United Arab Emirates, Chad, southern eastern Libya, and Puntland, Somalia, who facilitated transfer of weapons, drone-related technology, logistics support, and personnel into RSF-controlled areas, including Nyala. Our investigation further documented the recruitment, training, and deployment of former Colombian military personnel in drones operations and training of RSF personnel. The mission found that Colombian contractors played an integral role in the takeover of El Fashir one year ago. We also identified foreign fighters from neighboring countries operating alongside RSF in El Fashir and elsewhere. Our investigation into external support to the Sudanese armed forces remain ongoing. Second, this October witnessed some of the deadliest single attacks across Sudan since the beginning of the conflict. In the Blue Nile State, a drone attack by RSF killed at least 30 displaced persons, women and children, and wounding others. Markets, water facilities, hospitals, and schools came under drones attack. On 10th of October, at least 72 gold miners were reportedly killed by two Egyptian airstrikes in mining areas near the Sudan-Egypt border. On the 19th of October, in and around Abayei, drone strikes reportedly launched by SAF killed at least 80 persons and injured many others. Thirdly, on July, the Human Rights Council, in a resolution adopted without a vote, requested us to investigate violations and abuses in and around Al Fashir and to update the Council and General Assembly. Today, we issued a conference room paper entitled "Sudan's Unrelenting War: Civilians' Devastation and Deepening Insecurity in El Obeid." It documents repeated attacks, including drone strikes, by RSF against infrastructure essential for civilian life. The paper also describes an atmosphere of fear and intimidation created by SAF and its allies within the city, including allegations of arbitrary detention and intimidation by security structures associated with SAF. In other words, the people of Al-Obeid remain highly vulnerable. Continued drone strikes, persistent insecurity and pressure on civilian infrastructure underline the ongoing risk of further escalation. Fourthly, as we mark one year following the takeover of Al-Fashir by RSF and the devastation that ensued, protection, justice, and accountability remains elusive for survivors. In February this year, we described the crimes committed during and after the assault, including mass killing, targeting of certain ethnic communities, starvation, and deliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring about the physical destruction of certain groups in whole or in part. In other words, we describe X displaying hallmarks of genocide. One year later, survivors remain displaced. Many others remain missing or disappeared or unaccounted for, communities shattered, and the risk of renewal of atrocities persists. Let me conclude with four key messages. The Sudanese people’s quest for protection, peace, and justice has never relented. They look at states individually and collectively to translate norms into reality. The responsibility of states extends to action beyond its borders. Those who are fueling the conflict with weapons, fighters, and military assistance, and economically benefiting from it, must reconsider the consequences of their action and respect international law. With the atrocities committed on a daily basis in Sudan, it is clear that the future of the people cannot be built on impunity. Accountability must extend across the entire chain of responsibility, encompassing not only perpetrators, but also those who finance, supply, facilitate, or otherwise enable crimes. While we continue to fulfil the mandate the international community entrusted us with, we must stress that only through protection, prevention, and accountability a path towards a just and sustainable peace in Sudan can be established. My colleagues, Mona Rishawi and Joy Ngozi Ezeh and I will be pleased to answer your questions. Thank you very much. 3rd Committee · Chair [7:29]: I thank the Chair of the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission for the Sudan. I will now open the floor for questions or comments to Mr. Othman. As per past practice, I would ask delegations to limit their comments to two minutes. I thank you for your kind cooperation. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Norway, to be followed by the representatives of France and the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Norway [7:58]: Thank you, Chair. We welcome the important work of the fact-finding mission on Sudan, and for time's sake, I want to start with a question for Mr. Othman. What steps should the international community take to strengthen accountability for violations documented by the fact-finding mission? The protection of civilians must remain at the center of our response to the war in Sudan. Drone warfare conducted by both the Sudan Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces has extended beyond the geographical reach of the front lines of the war. The fact-finding mission has documented drone attacks that harmed civilians and struck civilian infrastructure, such as hospitals, schools, and markets, including attacks that may amount to war crimes. International humanitarian law must be respected, and civilians and civilian infrastructure must be protected regardless of the weapons used. Reports of ethnically motivated violence, arbitrary detention, torture, and starvation as a method of warfare are alarming. Of particular concern are reports of widespread and systematic sexual violence against women and girls. Civilians bear the brunt of the conflict, and with this year's drought, further worsening their situation. There is no time to lose. We strongly urge all the parties to the war to agree to a sustained ceasefire. The FFM has also documented that external support is sustaining military operations and enhancing the capabilities of the parties to the conflict. Norway calls for an immediate end to external financing and support that sustain the fighting. External actors should not enable the continuation of the war, but rather use their influence to help bring the war to an end. Violations of international humanitarian law must be addressed and those responsible must be held accountable. Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [9:38]: I thank the distinguished representative of Norway. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of France. France [9:47]: Madam Chair, Chair of the Fact-Finding Mission, France thanks you for the presentation of your report and welcomes the extension of your mandate by the HRC. This is essential. Serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law that have been committed for more than three years by all the belligerents can be documented and not go unpunished. My country condemns the use of famine as an arm of war, the forced displacement of millions of Sudanese and large-scale violence, including sexual violence against civilians. The parties must urgently comply with their obligations under international humanitarian law and ensure unimpeded, safe humanitarian access to Darfur territory. France calls upon the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces to conclude a humanitarian treaty without delay, followed by a ceasefire throughout the Sudan. We therefore support the mediation efforts of the Quad and the political process led by the Quintet to sustainably end this conflict and rebuild the Sudan. We owe that to the Sudanese people. We must also straighten our commitment to the unity and territorial integrity of Sudan. Mr. Chair of the Fact-Finding Mission, the military support and financial support given by the parties by external actors is documented in your last report, and it's prolonging the conflict. France calls upon all states to cease their military, financial support or logistical support for the parties. We support the extension to the whole of Sudan of the sanctions regime and the arms embargo that's currently enforced in Darfur and that was put in place by the Security Council. France stands shoulder to shoulder with the Sudanese people, which has expressed its democratic aspirations during the 2019 revolution. It is maintaining its efforts to support peaceful resolution of the conflict and respond to the humanitarian crisis in Sudan, in particular through supporting the UNICEF Child Nutrition Fund, which will benefit 100,000 people in the regions of Darfur and Kordofan, and a national contribution which will exceed 44 million euros this year. I thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [11:39]: I thank the distinguished representative of France. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, followed by Eritrea and Liechtenstein. Netherlands (Kingdom of the) [11:52]: Thank you, Madam President, and thank you to Mr. Othman for his presentation. Humanitarian needs in Sudan continue to rise at an alarming pace. The anticipated droughts caused by El Niño paint a bleak picture. Millions of people are facing acute food insecurity, while humanitarian assistance is being blocked from reaching those most in need. We call on all parties to ensure safe and unhindered humanitarian access and to uphold their obligations under international humanitarian law. We are deeply concerned by the continued loss of civilian lives and attacks against humanitarian personnel in Sudan, including through the increased use of drones. We strongly condemn these violations of international law and remain fully committed to accountability. In this regard, we commend the important work of the fact-finding mission. Ensuring accountability, as Mr. Othman said, for these violations is essential to advancing justice and creating the conditions for sustainable peace in Sudan. With that, Mr. Othman, members of the fact-finding commission, how can we best support your work? Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [13:01]: I thank the distinguished representative of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Eritrea. Eritrea [13:13]: Madam Chair, in those trying times, Eritrea stands united with Sudan and its people, a sisterly nation with whom we share a profound historical destiny. Eritrea supports a united, sovereign, and stable Sudan, and an inclusive Sudanese-owned and led political process, supported by regional and international mechanisms. Eritrea, however, remains deeply skeptical of the proliferation of external initiatives that characterize the current international approach to the crisis in Sudan. The international community must address external interference, including the flow of arms and financing. Furthermore, any mechanisms intended to support peace and stability in Sudan must not Sudan's national army, which is fulfilling its constitutional duty to protect the state with the rebel militia, which has been committing well-documented atrocities. We welcome Sudan's engagement with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner, and we call on the international community to support Sudan's institutions instead of establishing a fact-finding mission without its consent. Eritrea, therefore, wishes to reiterate its principled rejection of the mandate of the so-called Independent International Fact-Finding Mission for Sudan. I thank you, Madam Chair. 3rd Committee · Chair [14:50]: I thank the distinguished representative of Eritrea. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Liechtenstein, followed by the United Kingdom and the Russian Federation. Liechtenstein [15:02]: Thank you, Madam Chair. Liechtenstein is alarmed by the continued serious violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law in Sudan. We are grateful that your report. Is shining more light on how external support is sustaining military capabilities on the ground, including with regards to the use of drone warfare and its detrimental impact on civilian safety. We also echo your recommendation to pursue accountability across the full. Chain of responsibility, including by supporting universal jurisdiction and extending the jurisdiction of the International Criminal. Court to the whole of Sudan. Where do you see added value of a specialized court, also recommended in your report, in this framework? And what viable pathways do you see for these different proceedings? Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [15:47]: I thank the distinguished representative of Liechtenstein. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland [16:00]: Thank you, Chair. The United Kingdom thanks the fact-finding mission for its report. The pattern laid out in this report and in previous reporting this year is clear: the warring parties are acting with a systemic disregard for civilian life. In this conflict, there has been an increasing pattern of deadly drone warfare. Already this month, there's been a noticeable uptick in drone attacks, causing high numbers of civilian casualties. These attacks also highlight another troubling aspect noted by the fact-finding mission, the external support that is fueling the conflict. The regional backers who are funding this destruction must stop. In the light of this and the troubling signs of developing famine in Sudan on a scale not seen in 40 years, our message is clear. The warring parties must stop their destructive attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure, and must immediately enable rapid, safe, and unhindered humanitarian access to prevent a further worsening of Sudan's humanitarian catastrophe. The fact-finding missions work in this context is more vital than ever. What measures can the international community take to impose the pressure necessary on the warring parties to bring about a ceasefire? Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [17:19]: I thank the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Russian Federation, followed by Venezuela and the European Union. Russian Federation [17:34]: Madam Chair. The development of the situation in Sudan is of serious concern. We are carefully following the activities of the international mediators, but we have to note a lack of tangible results in the settlement process. We still believe that the main role in settlement should be played by the UN, but the most important thing is a frank and respectful dialogue with the legitimate leadership of Sudan, and considering the recommendations of Haad 2. The fact finding mission on Sudan is taking a completely contrary approach. Its recommendations are part of a counterproductive attempt by some countries of the collective West to impose blanket solutions on Sudan of political settlement, and also to say that the Sudanese Sovereign Council and the RSF are equal. think that the Russian Federation believes that any politicization of the situation is unacceptable. We believe that instead of exerting pressure by individual Western countries circumventing the UN Security Council by imposing limits on trade, we need to expand multilateral support for the UN, through the UN. 3rd Committee · Chair [18:54]: The Russian Federation. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) [19:01]: Thank you, madam Chair. The promotion and protection can you hear me? Yes? The promotion and protection of all human rights require a genuine commitment to respectful dialogue, international cooperation, and full respect for sovereign equality, political political independence, non-interference in internal affairs, and the self-determination of peoples in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations. From this position of principle, Venezuela reiterates its call to end practices that promote a human rights approach that tramples on principles of objectivity, impartiality, non-politicization and non-selectivity, and that can only end by promoting confrontation while weakening trust among states and undermining the credibility of the United Nations human rights system, particularly when the mechanisms contemplated do not have the consent of the states concerned. We therefore reaffirm the central role of the UPR as the universal mechanism for dialogue among equals, with the direct participation of national authorities. We also recognize the contribution of the treaty bodies as part of the obligations of each state, and also the importance of technical assistance and capacity building in agreement with the countries concerned and in accordance with their national priorities. Venezuela reiterates also that dialogue and cooperation must prevail over confrontation and double standards. The protection of human rights means that we must strengthen multilateralism and preserve the spirit of mutual respect that must guide the work of this organization on the basis of an approach that privileges support for states in order to overcome their challenges through cooperation and technical assistance. Thank you very much. 3rd Committee · Chair [20:54]: And the distinguished representative of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the European Union, followed by Slovenia and Canada. EU · EU [21:07]: Thank you, madam Chair. I have the honor to speak on behalf of the European Union and its member states. We commend the fact-finding mission for its vital work and support its mandate and recent extension for another year. The latest report again underlines the alarming scale and pervasiveness of human rights violations and abuses in Sudan. We call on all states and external actors to refrain from any support to the warring parties and actions which fuel the conflict, aggravate the fallout on civilians, and constrain prospects for an end to the conflict. We reiterate our support to the unity and territorial integrity of Sudan and for an inclusive Sudanese-led transition process that will lead up to civilian governance. The EU strongly condemns the deliberate and indiscriminate targeting of civilians, humanitarian personnel, and critical infrastructure, aggravated through the increasing use of drones and the endangerment of water infrastructure. leaving up to 19 million civilians without access to safe drinking water, with consequences extending beyond the point of impact, particularly on women and children, as documented by the fact-finding mission. We strongly call on all states to respect international human rights, international humanitarian law, and the UN arms embargo, and to refrain from arms deliveries. The EU will continue to do its utmost, including with international accountability mechanisms, to bring perpetrators to justice. The EU continues to support the work of the ICC and the UN and calls on Sudan to cooperate with the independent expert in Sudan and the fact-finding mission. Chair, how can we support your work to enhance accountability for violations in Sudan? Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [23:06]: I thank the distinguished representative of the European Union. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Slovenia. Slovenia [23:16]: Thank you, Madam Chair. Slovenia aligns with the EU statement. We thank the fact-finding mission for the Sudan for its report and presentation today. We assure our continued support for your hard work. Slovenia remains concerned at the alarming humanitarian and human rights situation in Sudan. The report before us confirms once again deliberate targeting of civilians, displacement sites, markets, water points, schools, hospitals, and power systems, obstruction of humanitarian access, and widespread conflict-related sexual violence. Aerial attacks by the advanced weapons and drone systems by both parties to the conflict Striking civilians and civilian infrastructure represent a gross violation of international law. The report has also extensively elaborated on external support networks, which continue to fuel the conflict through the transfer of weapons, drones, logistical support, training, and military personnel. We urge all external actors to stop exercising support that fuels this conflict. We call on the RSF and SAF and their affiliated militias to fully respect international humanitarian and human rights law. Madam Chair, Slovenia reiterates that regardless of the actors or their military objectives, the protection of civilians must be absolute. Persistent impunity fuels serious human rights violations and abuses, and civilians bear the heaviest brunt of this ongoing armed conflict. In conclusion, we call on all parties to the conflict to constructively engage in peace negotiations and ensure unhindered humanitarian access. A transition to a civilian-led government is paramount to achieving sustainable peace in Sudan. I thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [24:59]: I thank the distinguished representative of Slovenia. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Canada, followed by China and Colombia. Canada [25:10]: Thank you, Chair. Canada is gravely concerned by the findings of the report, including that external support is sustaining the conflict and worsening civilian suffering. Canada condemns these reported actions, which could constitute serious violations of international humanitarian law and potentially war crimes. We remain deeply committed to preventing atrocities, ensuring accountability, advocating for civilian protection, and advancing a peaceful resolution to the conflict in Sudan. Lasting peace and stability can only be achieved through an inclusive, civilian-led, and Sudanese-owned political process. De-escalation requires addressing external support that fuels the conflict and civilian suffering. Canada supports renewal of the UN Security Council’s Darfur arms embargo and welcomes ongoing efforts to expand it to all of Sudan. We’ll conclude with these two questions. The Fact-Finding Mission has reported that external actors continue to enhance the military capabilities of Sudan’s warring parties in Darfur. With its renewed mandate, will the Fact-Finding Mission conduct further investigations across the whole of Sudan? and where does it see the most significant outstanding evidentiary gaps? Second, given the growing use of drones in strikes affecting civilians and civilian infrastructure, what mechanisms are needed to ensure accountability for violations of international humanitarian and human rights law? Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [26:30]: I thank the distinguished representative of Canada. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of China. China [26:39]: Madam Chair, With the drawn-out armed conflict in Sudan and its worsening economy and livelihoods, as well as the dire humanitarian situation, the pressing task right now is to end the fighting and de-escalate. A political solution is the fundamental way out. China believes that the fundamental human rights of the Sudanese people, including their right to life, must be effectively safeguarded. The international community should unite and cooperate to ease the humanitarian crisis and prevent the worsening of people's livelihood. China has consistently maintained that the solution to the Sudan issue must be in line with Sudan's national conditions and in the interest of its people. The Sudanese government has repeatedly reaffirmed its opposition to the establishment of a fact-finding mission. Imposing a country-specific mechanism without the consent of the concerned country does not help the situation on the ground. It will only complicated issue. Relevant discussions at the Third Committee should respect Sudan's sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity, and listen to and respect the. Views of the concerned country. China supports the Sudanese government's cooperation with the UN to continuously improve people's livelihoods, promote and protect human rights. China calls on all parties to play a constructive role in working together to restore Sudan's lasting peace. Thank you, Madam Chair. 3rd Committee · Chair [28:07]: I thank the distinguished representative of China. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Colombia, followed by Cuba and Switzerland. Colombia [28:20]: Madam. Chair, Colombia thanks the International Independent Fact-Finding Mission for the Sudan for presenting its report and for documenting the severe violations of international humanitarian law and of human rights that continue to occur in that country. We are particularly concerned by the conclusions about the effect of the use of new military technologies and the expansion of hostilities on the civilian population, including attacks on medical infrastructure and educational infrastructure. We take note of the references in the report to the participation of Colombian nationals in the conflict. In that context, we want to make it absolutely clear and unequivocal that Colombia does not support, promote, facilitate, or condone the participation of its nationals in armed conflicts abroad. We also value the fact that the Mission has expressly stated that it has found no information that would make it possible to attribute to the Colombian State the leadership, control, support of such activities. As also recognized in the report, Colombia has adopted concrete measures to address this phenomenon, including the establishment of inter-institutional coordination mechanisms, the development of prevention campaigns, strengthening of the assistance provided to the affected nationals, Colombians and their families, and progress to improve the national legal framework in that area. We continue to implement the relevant measures from Security Council sanctions regimes. The visit to Colombia by the Working Group on the Use of We also, at the UN Security Council in March this year, confirmed the importance of following and continuing to build national capacities in prevention, regulation, and investigation. We recognize that this is a transnational phenomenon that requires international cooperation that should be closer in order to dismantle the networks of recruitment, financing, and facilitation that cross multiple jurisdictions. Lastly, we support the efforts of the international community to promote accountability and respect for international law in the Sudan to benefit the victims and the protection of civilians. Thank you very much. 3rd Committee · Chair [30:17]: I thank the distinguished representative of Colombia. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Cuba. Cuba [30:27]: Señor Presidente. Adam Chay, the only effective way to promote human rights in all countries, including the Sudan, is through dialogue and constructive cooperation based on impartiality, mutual respect, and non-interference. Cuba does not support the the imposition of missions that don't have any basis on the ground, and this is what has happened in the Sudan. We can't continue misusing the resources available for the human rights pillars in ineffective mechanisms that are meddling. HRC, you must continue to support in good faith the work of international competent mechanisms in the Sudan and external human rights mechanisms that are operating in the country with the consent and cooperation of the Government of the Sudan, including the OHCHR office in the country. Thank you very much. 3rd Committee · Chair [31:25]: I thank the distinguished representative of Cuba. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Switzerland, followed by Ireland and Chad. Switzerland [31:37]: Madame la Présidente. Madame Chair, Switzerland would like to thank the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission for its report. Mr. Chair of the mission, on the basis of your investigations, what concrete measures are most effective in curbing networks that provide external support for the conflict? Between January and May 2026, more than a thousand civilians were killed by drone strikes. which destroy essential infrastructure as well. We call upon all the parties to respect international human rights law and international humanitarian law, particularly by immediately ceasing all attacks on civilians or civilian objects, and by taking all feasible precautions to protect civilians and civilian infrastructure. We also call upon all parties to cease hostilities. According to the report, there are reasonable grounds to believe that private entities and intermediaries are operating from and through third countries to channel fighters, weapons, and logistical support to the rapid support forces. The report also notes the use by the Sudanese Armed Forces of drones supplied from abroad during operations that have affected civilians. Switzerland calls upon all States concerned to prevent such transfers and to enforce the arms embargo, the extension of which to the whole of Sudan is something that we support. The fight against impunity must also target those who contribute to international crimes from abroad. I thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [33:12]: I thank the distinguished representative of Switzerland. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Ireland. Ireland [33:22]: Thank you, Chair. Ireland aligns with the EU statement and thanks the Chair of the fact-finding mission for his presentation. Ireland remains gravely concerned by the widespread human rights violations and abuses in Sudan. Increasingly sophisticated drone attacks are exacerbating civilian suffering, disrupting essential services, and deepening the humanitarian crisis. All parties to the conflict must uphold their obligations under international law and take all necessary steps to protect civilians, humanitarian personnel, and critical infrastructure. Addressing impunity and strengthening accountability and justice must remain key priorities. Ireland is particularly concerned by the widespread and systematic conflict-related sexual violence committed against women and girls, which has been a defining feature of the conflict in Sudan. The perpetrators of these heinous crimes must be brought to justice, and all accountability processes must be survivor-centred and survivor-led. Chair, Ireland reiterates its full support for the vital work of the fact-finding mission. The mission's recent report underlined how external support to the warring parties is fuelling and prolonging the conflict. All states and external actors must cease arming, financing, and enabling the conflict, which has caused unimaginable suffering for the people of Sudan. Chair, what more can the international community do to assist the fact-finding mission in securing access to Sudan and ensuring the collection and preservation of evidence necessary for future accountability efforts? Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [34:52]: I thank the distinguished representative of Ireland. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Chad, followed by Kenya and the Sovereign Order of Malta. Chad [35:06]: Thank you, Madam Chair. By delegation, has closely followed the statement made by the Chair of the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission. We would like to reiterate Chad's willingness to cooperate with the mission as it carries out its mandate to establish facts based on information that has been verified and based on relevant evidence. We'd also like to reiterate Chad's commitment to the strict respect for human rights and international humanitarian law. Buoyed by this conviction, Chad voluntary cooperated with the mission to draft its September report. Nonetheless, some information conveyed in the report raises the question of the need to establish facts based on relevant evidence and information that is a requirement established by the relevant resolution of this Human Rights Council. This is a requirement. Chad would call upon the mission to base its evidence on solid evidence that's been verified transparently and not based on unfounded, irrelevant information. Chad categorically rejects as seriously as possible, all information based on allegations that have not been verified and with no relevant evidence backing it up. Chad reiterates that since the current war started in Sudan, it has observed strict, unwavering neutrality. In no case does Chad authorize the use of its national territory or its infrastructure for any party to the conflict. The microphone has been cut off. 3rd Committee · Chair [37:14]: I thank the distinguished representative of Chad. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Kenya. Kenya · Africa Group [37:26]: Thank you, Madam Chair. On behalf of the African Group, I thank the Chair of the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission for the Sudan for his briefing today. The African Group reiterates its unwavering solidarity with the people of Sudan at this difficult time. The Group emphasizes its continued commitment to respect the sovereignty, territorial integrity, independence, and the political unity of Sudan. We recall the importance of the principles of complementarity, subsidiarity, and the African solutions for African problems. The group welcomes the regional mediation efforts and initiatives to solve the crisis in Sudan. We also welcome all supporting efforts to the negotiation by regional and international actors. We reaffirm the need for a single, coordinated international effort to resolve the crisis in Sudan under the auspices of the African Union, together with IGAD, with the support of the UN, League of Arab States, and key international partners, and based on the AU Roadmap for the Resolution of the Sudan Crisis. The African Group strongly condemns any external interference in Sudan, which is fueling the Sudanese conflict in flagrant violation of all relevant African Union PSC communiques and United Nations Security Council resolutions. We continue to urge parties to implement the Jeddah Agreement to ensure protection of civilians and humanitarian aid delivery in Sudan. We also urge all Sudanese parties to continue the dialogue towards amicable, consensual solution to the political impasse in Sudan and lead the country to smooth and peaceful transition to democracy. We call upon the international community to provide all necessary support to the Sudan. The Group appreciates the cooperation of the Government of Sudan with the OHCHR and the UN Designated Expert and urges it to continue that cooperation. We similarly urge OHCHR to continue its technical assistance to Sudan. 3rd Committee · Chair [39:28]: I thank the distinguished representative of Kenya on behalf of the African Group. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Sovereign Order of Malta. SMOM [39:39]: Thank you, Madam Chair. The continued deterioration of the humanitarian and human rights situation in Sudan remains a matter of profound concern. After prolonged conflict, millions of people have been displaced and are exposed to grave threats to their lives, safety, and dignity. Widespread food insecurity, limited access to health care and other essential services, inadequate shelter, and devastating water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions have left communities increasingly vulnerable to disease and further suffering. At the same time, civilians continue to face the dangers of violence, including sexual violence, exploitation, trafficking, and other forms of abuse. The Sovereign Order of Malta reiterates that IHL must be respected by all parties to the conflict. Civilians must never be the targets of violence, and indiscriminate attacks and other violations of international law must neither be tolerated nor allowed to become normalised. Equally, humanitarian organisations and personnel must be able to operate safely and independently, with full and unimpeded access to civilians requiring urgent assistance. Those fleeing violence must be able to seek safety from further attacks, while survivors must have access to appropriate medical care and essential services. Through its Humanitarian Global Relief Agency and in partnership with local organizations, the Order of Malta continues to work to alleviate the suffering of civilians in Sudan. Over the past year, we've deployed medical expert teams to eastern Sudan to provide emergency treatment and strengthen local health care capacity through the training of medical personnel. We also support WASH initiatives in the South Kordofan and Blue Nile states, where inadequate access to safe water and sanitation presents serious risks to civilian health. These programs include cholera prevention and treatment, the construction of latrines, community hygiene training, and the rehabilitation of water infrastructure. Madam Chair, while humanitarian assistance is indispensable, it cannot itself resolve the crisis facing Sudan. Renewed and sustained efforts to end the conflict through dialogue, mediation, and diplomatic engagement are therefore urgently needed. Let us remain steadfast in our commitment to the people of Sudan, ensuring that humanitarian needs are met, human rights are upheld, and every effort is made to bring this devastating conflict to an end. I thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [41:39]: I thank the distinguished representative of the Sovereign Order of Malta. I now give the floor to the Chair of the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission for the Sudan, Mr. Mohamed Othman, as well as his colleagues, Ms. Azzalo and Ms. Mona Rishmawy. UN · Member, Independent International Fact-Finding Mission for the Sudan [42:12]: Thank you, your Excellencies, for your questions, which span through accountability, the impact on women and girls of the unrelenting war in Sudan, the use of drones and its effect, the sovereignty argument, the African solidarity, issue of civilian protection, external actors, all of this have come to fall in this responses by state. And I would like to say this, that the Sudan conflict is no longer a localized crisis. It is a continental emergency with direct implication for regional stability, cross-border displacement, humanitarian access, and the African peace and security architecture. The African group has consistently championed African leadership, civilian protection, and accountability. The FFM Sudan mandate strengthens, not undermines this principle. For example, we've had the joint declaration and continuing cooperation with the African Union's Commission on Human and People's Rights that was adopted May 12th in the Banjul, Gambia. So, again, the mission's latest report, Sudan's unrelenting war and civilian devastation and deepening insecurity in also showed that what we're saying is not abstract violation. They are daily lived realities of Sudanese. On the issue of sovereignty and responsibility, African states have long affirmed that sovereignty carries responsibility, and we must not forget, and that include protection of civilians. When civilians are being killed, displaced, starved, and terrorized. Sovereignty cannot be invoked to block scrutiny or accountability. And the report is very clear. African solidarity must be with Sudanese civilians, not the armed actors. African solution to African problems. What it really means is African leadership, African ownership, African protection of lives. The FFM Sudan supports these goals fully, providing African-centered evidence for AU, for IGAD, and other regional mediation initiative that will bring hostilities to end. Documenting violations now prevents future atrocities and support African-led justice mechanism on cessation of violence. of hostilities, strengthening early warning and atrocity prevention tools, they are all very important. The mandate does not equate SRF and RSF. The mission does not, what we assess is conduct, not status. The report document violations by both parties, and it's very clear. On women and children, I think it's very important to consider the disproportionate effect on them. They are exposed when they go to collect water at night due to drone attacks, girls exposed to sexual violence and exploitation, children killed near schools, hospitals operating at 30% capacity. So accountability, drone attacks have led women. and girls to collect water after dark, exposing them to harassment, to sexual violence, and more than 400 children were reportedly killed or injured by drone attacks. Accountability as a prevention. Impunity fuels continued violation. Accountability is not impunity, it is preventive and remains one of the strongest drivers of impunity, remains one of the strongest drivers of sexual violence. Perpetrators must understand that this crime will be investigated and documented, and that accountability will be the answer. Finally, on the issue of what member state can do, and we thank you for offering to support the FFM Sudan. We need to protect civilians by ensuring compliance with IHL obligations, prevent drone attacks, support humanitarian access, strengthen monitoring and documentation, address shrinking civic space, which makes it difficult for people to document, ensure accountability, and prevent external support. Importantly, also, support and fund Sudanese survivors and women-led organizations. They are really suffering. In the end, regional stability, humanitarian access, and accountability remains paramount. I thank you. UN · Member, Independent International Fact-Finding Mission for the Sudan [47:13]: Thank you very much for your questions. I'll address three issues that you actually group your questions into three issues. One with regard to external actors. I would like to emphasize that our report talks about individuals and entities. entities that exist in particular states, and we appreciate in particular, I have to say, what Colombia has done, the very constructive dialogue that we had with Colombia on these issues. And really, we know what you have done, the measures that you have taken, and again, your commitment to continue to look into these issues with us and we continue the conversation. I think you serve as a model in that regard. So we're really grateful to you. We also really appreciate the exchanges that we have with the countries that we actually name in the report, and our report records their positions in this regard, and that's really important. What we are asking these countries is to look deeper. Some states, United Arab Emirates included, have investigated some of these issues, but we think they need to look much deeper with that than what they have done right now, and we look forward for an extensive engagement with them. It's had as well, you actually laid down very important positions, and in our report, we take into account what you have said, but we also ask you to look deeper into the issues that we raise in our report, and again, it's a continuous dialogue. You asked us what are the gaps in our investigations. At this stage, we are looking at the arming also of the Sudanese armed forces. This is really important. We have started our investigation in this regard because it's very clear that the drone attacks are having incredible amount of damage to civilians, killing and injuring and damage to civilian infrastructure. So really, this is something that we are looking at seriously. And we call on the states that are arming and providing weapons on either side of the conflict to look at their due diligence obligations under human rights and IHL to make sure that the weapons that they are supplying and the personnel that they are, not they sending, but their presence, their nationals that are present in the country, do not commit or are not implicated in human rights and IHL violations. And also, clearly there is a financial issues regarding these matters, so we are looking also at the war economy. The second issue that I'd like to unpack a bit is the accountability. And here, preservation of evidence is extremely important. Our report that we are issuing today on Al-Obeid shows how people who are reporting human rights violations, working in the humanitarian sphere, assisting IDPs and so on, are themselves being attacked, particularly by the Sudanese Armed Forces. The amount of detention that is taking place in Al-Obeid right now is incredible. It shows that the national system, the Sudanese national system, frankly, is unable or unwilling to deal with violations. Actually, it is contributing to the violations that are taking place. Of course, the drone attacks by RSF on Al-Obeid, as I mentioned, is causing a huge damage. So what we are looking for is really an impartial and independent judicial institutions that can restore justice for the people of Sudan. And that is not happening at the national level. So we need the extension of the ICC. We also need a separate, independent judicial mechanism that goes beyond preservation of evidence to actual prosecution of individuals. The amount of sexual violence that you have actually highlighted in your interventions show how these rapists, looters, killers must be brought to justice. And that is not going to happen only at the ICC level. It has to happen by an independent institution, judicial institution that is working in tandem with the ICC in Sudan and to support such justice and end impunity, which is one of the root causes of the current crisis in Sudan and the recurring conflicts taking place in Sudan. I thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [52:16]: I thank Ms. Joy Ngozi Ezeliu and Ms. Mona Rishmawi, members of the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission for the Sudan. I next welcome the Special Rapporteur on the situation of the human rights in Burundi, Mr. Fortunate Gatanzongo. Participants wishing to make comments and pose questions to the speaker are invited to press their microphone button within the next three minutes, after which the list will be closed. The time limit for each speaker will be announced before the floor is given to the first intervention. I thank you for your cooperation. I now invite the Special Rapporteur on the situation of the human rights in Burundi to make an introductory statement. Mr. Zongo, you have the floor. UN · Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Burundi [53:14]: Madam, please don't. Thank you, Madam Chair. The report that I submitted for you, your appreciation, covers the period from July 2025 to June 2026. It's been supplemented by information received up to mid-October. Each piece of information there has been treated in accordance with the Code of Conduct for Special Procedures. On 6 October, the HRC renewed my mandate. On 13 October, the General Assembly, in its turn, renewed its confidence and trust in Barouzi by re-electing it to the Council for the mandate 2027-2029. These decisions send a strong signal. They also remind us of our collective responsibility This trust must now be reflected in action. In 2015 and in 2020, the elections were accompanied by serious violence before and after the vote. With six months to go before the presidential election of 3 May 2027, there is still time to prevent tension, strengthen guarantees of democratic participation, and ensure that this vote brings stability, confidence, and peace. The signs in the last few months show that preventive action remains essential today. In June 2025, the CNDD-FDD obtained 96.5% of votes and all the seats in the National Assembly. Since then, the political space has contracted further. For example, the withdrawal of a number of political parties from the electoral process for May 2027. These changes are part of a legal framework that is also cause for concern. The electoral code of 2024 has not been revised. The candidacy fees that are 100 million Burundian francs, which is 34,700 exclude de facto any candidate that doesn't have the financial support of the party in power. These restrictions are disproportionate under Article 25 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Madam Chair, a high risk is not inevitability. It's precisely because these risks are identifiable that they are avoidable. The day of the vote is not the most dangerous moment. The risks are concentrated around the registration of candidates and on the weeks that follow the proclamation of the results. So prevention must therefore start now. Madam Chair, the political and security trends that I've just described take a heavy human toll whose scale is extremely concerning. At the heart of this situation and behind each figure are women, men, and children, victims and families whose fundamental rights continue to be trampled and who are waiting for truth and justice. The presumed perpetrators are members of the National Intelligence Services. police officers and members of the Inbonerakure who are now acting in a paramilitary fashion. Children are allegedly being enrolled in their activities, recruited, including at school. Torture remains an instrument of repression and extortion. Women and girls are paying a heavy toll. An examination of the political and electoral situation, cannot hide the fact that the main thing that brings us together today is protecting people and responsibility for the serious human rights violations. Each allegation of a violation must be investigated impartially, independently, and effectively, and the perpetrators must be prosecuted. While the national justice system doesn't allow it, the evidence must be preserved. The challenges facing Burundi are not limited to attacks on civil and political rights. The restrictions in the civic space are part of a context where many Burundians continue to face major socio-economic difficulties. I recognise the efforts made by the Government, Madam Chair, as part of its Vision 2040, and the legitimate aspirations enshrined in it. The experience, however, shows that the most sustainable development strategies will only attain their aims in an open civic space based on inclusive institutions and effective citizen participation. Madam Chair, ladies and gentlemen, the question of refugees It's also an important indicator of the confidence of people in the future of their country and the sustainability of that peace. According to OCHA, around 99,000 people came back to Burundi, returned to Burundi between January and August 2026, most of them from Tanzania, following the closure of the camps there. I note these returns, however, corroborated sources have shown that there have been demolitions of homes, assistance has been cut, direct pressure, which affects, above all, women-led households and the children there. Returning because there's no assistance cannot be described as a voluntary return. Up to 17,000 refugees declared that they couldn't return because of fears of persecution. persecution. I therefore welcome the generosity of the United Republic of Tanzania for decades towards Burundian refugees, and I invite that country in cooperation with UNHCR to ensure that returns are continue to be based on a voluntary basis and the respect for the principles of security, dignity, and protection, including by suspending any numerical target for returns while individual guarantees of protection are not provided. I'd also like to welcome the remarkable work of Burundian civil society organizations who continue to support refugees, often from exile. Maison Shalong, which was founded in 1993 by Marguerite Barankitse, that's a particularly inspiring example. Madam Chair, my report then proposed three specific ways in which we could help to build trust and advance cooperation. First, by reopening the OHCR office. with a protection and independent monitoring mandate; secondly, a high-level dialogue on human rights in Burundi, including civil society, before 2027; lastly, an independent mechanism for electoral observation and post-electoral monitoring. The challenges that I have mentioned are not insurmountable. The positive signs, although they are small, must be recognized when they occur. They may be the foundations of a broader commitment to human rights and the rule of law, and they may enhance or strengthen confidence. I therefore welcome the freeing of the journalists Sandra Moza, Kenny Claude, and Floriane. They show that change is possible. Madam Chair, ladies and gentlemen, it's in that spirit that I encourage the government to deepen its cooperation with the mechanisms of the HRC. This cooperation is also a responsibility which arises from their membership of the HRC until 2029. Madam Chair, distinguished members, I thank you and I am at your disposal for further clarifications or questions. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:01:56]: I thank the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Burundi. I will now open the floor for questions or comments to Mr. Zongo. As per past practice, I would ask delegations to limit their comments to two and a half minutes. I thank you for your kind cooperation. I now give the floor to the distinguished Permanent Representative of Burundi as a concerned country. You have seven minutes. Burundi · Permanent Representative [1:02:29]: Thank you very much. My delegation would like to thank you for this debate and reiterates Burundi's commitment to human rights in conjunction with the UN Charter and the international instruments to which our country is a party. This commitment also means that international mechanisms to promote human rights and to exercise their mandate do so with impartiality, objectivity, and rigour, and that they should make a specific contribution to improving the situation on the ground. From this perspective, Burundi would like to express its reservations regarding the methodology, regarding the impartiality and added value of the Special Rapporteur on Burundi's work. Year after year, we are wondering about its effectiveness, its specific results, and its real contribution to improving the situation on the ground. improving the situation on the ground. From this standpoint, Burundi would like to say that it has reservations regarding the methodology, the impartiality, and the added value of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur. Madam Chair, we would like to make a few points. Firstly, on the balance of the report and the information provided. Burundi remains concerned by an approach that promotes a very negative appreciation of the situation and insufficient attention paid to what the national authorities have been doing and the efforts made, allegations regarding violations of civil and political rights, in particular in the civic sphere, come from Europe and other third party sources, and this should be verified independently. We need to, the allegations are allegations and not evidence, and the credibility of an international mechanism is based on the transparency of its methodology, the diversity of its sources, and the application of this same need for rigor for all parts evaluated, and also Fundamental freedoms are crucial to be upheld, but we need to look at how access to justice is available. We would appreciate a balanced approach based on evidence. On the return of refugees, secondly, my delegation really doesn't understand why the return of refugees seems to be such a focus point of the Special Rapporteur. The voluntary return of Burundian refugees, in particular those documented by the HRC, are pertinent elements that need to be taken into consideration in assessing the development of the situation. This return needs to be analyzed objectively, taking into consideration the motivations of those concerned and the conditions for their return. They shouldn't be ignored or systematically interpreted in one particular way without a full picture assessment. And so Bernadette is calling for an analysis that would take into consideration any potential difficulties, but also positive developments as well, in a spirit of cooperation with our partners. Thirdly, on justifying the ongoing mandate on elections, the elections deadlines have led to justification for the mechanism being maintained, and 2027, that year has been stated as a year of concern. The prospect of having an election in and of itself should not mean that there's a crisis or that a specific mandate should be extended. Elections are normal processes in the political life of a country and should be assessed based on specific elements and objective indicators, rather than based on a hypothetical risk. If each election becomes a reason for extending a mandate, according to which objective criteria might that end? That is the question that I'm putting here. Burundi believes that a specific mechanism should be assessed from the standpoint of its impartiality and its specific added value. It should not become permanent just because concerns linked to future events might cause future concern. mandate should be based on an objective assessment and not just ongoing potential concerns. Fourthly, if the context has led to the international mechanism being set up since the May 2015 coup d'état, there needs to be a comprehensive overview of what happened and not a selective one. specifically focusing just on Burundi, is curious: what are the criteria that have been established for this human rights mechanism? And in what way has this been influenced by geopolitical considerations? and different partners and their position and their relationships with exiled political stakeholders, all of this needs to be objectively analyzed and documented. We believe that these issues need to be considered transparently, without being partisan, and whilst respecting the sovereign equality of states without selectivity. Given all of these considerations, Burundi reiterates its reservations regarding the relevant and the current modalities of this mandate, we cannot consider it undisputed, rather the conclusions that it has submitted, and we believe that these conclusions in nowhere reflect the reality of the ground. We in no way reject our commitment to human rights, we are committed to it, but we just want to challenge the specific mechanism itself, we're not challenging human rights, and the way in which this mandate is carried out. We remain convinced that promoting and protecting human rights must be based on interstate dialogue, constructive cooperation, strengthening national institutions, and the universal application and the impartial application, non-selective application of the principles of human rights. I thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:09:18]: I thank the distinguished representative of Burundi. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Eritrea, followed by the Russian Federation and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Eritrea [1:09:36]: Thank you, Madam Chair. Eritrea opposes the country-specific mandates, including the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Burundi. This practice is counterproductive, selective, and often targets developing countries without meaningful impact, serving instead as a pretext for political pressure while draining genuine efforts. Human rights issues must be considered based on universality, objectivity, impartiality, non-selectivity, and non-politicization, with full respect for the national sovereignty, territorial integrity, and the independent paths of sovereign states. Eliminating double standards and politicization is essential to advancing international cooperation. We believe that the Universal Periodic Review is the most inclusive, fair, and constructive platform for fostering genuine dialogue and cooperation on human rights. In this regard, we commend Burundi’s continuous engagement with the UPR mechanism and call for the assessment of its human rights situation in a spirit of constructive dialogue and cooperation. I thank you, Madam Chair. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:10:56]: I thank the distinguished representative of Eritrea. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Russian Federation. Russian Federation [1:11:06]: Madam Chair, the Russian Federation firmly condemns the politicization of the human rights work of the UN. In this regard, we confirm our negative relationship with the establishment of the Special Rapporteur on the human rights situation in Burundi. Given the actual name of this mandate, his report can in no way claim to be objective. We note the consistent efforts of the Republic of Belarus' leadership to protect human rights. There is a national independent human rights commission and an ombudsman and a commission on truth and reconciliation. We welcome the work on preventing discrimination on ethnic and religious minorities. The country's authorities are maintaining dialogue with its opposition and with representatives of civil society. On a regular basis, they have meetings with the population to discuss socio and economic development. and there is a reform of the prison system. These tangible results confirm the country's desire to change positively. We are convinced that the international community should reject the practice of political influence and move to mutually respectful dialogue and constructive assistance, while taking into consideration the interests of its people and government. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:12:20]: I thank you. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, followed by Nicaragua and Cuba. Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) [1:12:32]: Thank you, Madam Chair. The promotion and protection of all human rights requires a genuine commitment to respectful dialogue, international cooperation, and full respect for sovereign equality, political independence, and non-interference in internal affairs, and the self-determination of peoples, in accordance with the Charter of the United States. From that position of principle, UNSWDR reiterates its call for an end to practices that promote an approach to human rights that tramples on the principles of objectivity, impartiality, transparency, and non-selectivity, and that can only end by promoting confrontation, while weakening trust among states, and undermining the credibility of the UN human rights system, in particular when the mechanisms contemplated do not have the consent of the States concerned. We therefore reaffirm the central role of the UPR as the universal mechanism for dialogue among equals, with the direct participation of the national authorities. We also recognize the contribution of the treaty bodies. the framework of the obligations of each state, and also technical assistance and capacity building in accordance with the countries concerned, in accordance with their national priorities. Let me reiterate also that dialogue and cooperation must prevail over confrontation and double standards. The protection of human rights means that we need to strengthen multilateralism and preserve the spirit of mutual respect that must guide the work of this Organization on the basis of an approach that privileges support for the efforts of States to overcome their challenges through cooperation and technical assistance. Lastly, Venezuela urges the United Nations to support the efforts of each State to find solutions based on their own national situations, for the benefit of their whole population. We reaffirm our readiness to contribute to a constructive dialogue that allows us to make progress with full respect for sovereignty in the promotion and enjoyment of all human rights, without exclusion or politicization. Thank you very much. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:14:41]: I thank the distinguished representative of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Nicaragua. Nicaragua [1:14:52]: Thank you, Madam Chair. It's unacceptable for human rights mechanisms to continue to be used to put political pressure on specific states through selective mechanisms that generate confrontation and undermine the principles of cooperation and mutual respect that must prevail at the United Nations. The promotion and protection of human rights must be based on constructive dialogue and international cooperation, with respect for the specific characteristics and national priorities, without pressure or external intervention. We therefore reject the weaponization of the mechanisms against specific countries that perpetuate double standards and politicization of human rights. in detriment of the principles of universality, objectivity and impartiality. We express our firm solidarity and support with the Government of Burundi, recognising its efforts to consolidate peace, strengthen stability and advance in the development and welfare of its people. We defend the full respect of its sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity, and its right to determine its national priorities freely in accordance with the principles of the Charter of the United Nations. Our government will continue to promote multilateralism based on the sovereign equality of states, respect for international law, and genuine cooperation that is free free from political conditions. Thank you very much. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:16:23]: I thank the distinguished representative of Nicaragua. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Cuba, followed by the United Kingdom and Ireland. Cuba · Group of Friends in Defense of the Charter of the United Nations [1:16:38]: Madam Chair, the Group of Friends in Defense of the Charter of the United Nations believes that the presentation of resolutions against specific countries without the state of the state concerned not only contravenes the principles of impartiality, objectivity, transparency, non-selectivity, non-politicization, and non-confrontation, but they also, when counted to the spirit of the Charter of the United Nations, we express our firm rejection of the principles of all forms of double standards that undermine the spirit of promotion and protection of human rights. while they also impede the creation of a harmonious environment. The cooperation is the only way forward. We are profoundly concerned about the proliferation of more mechanisms and procedures that pretend to evaluate the situation of human rights in specific states, and in most cases not only have the required consent and the participation of the state in question, but they are also basing their reports on secondary sources or tertiary sources, and they may be biased or lack credibility. This ends up by undermining the credibility of those documents. We profoundly reject the fact, and we energetically condemn the fact that these mechanisms don't have the support of the Member States in terms of human rights, and they base their opinions on existing deficiencies, ignoring the challenges imposed from abroad. The UPR and the bodies based on the treaty system and the HCR, HRC are mechanisms that must respect the spirit of human rights in a just and constructive way on the basis of dialogue and cooperation, in a framework of mutual respect and in accordance with the permanent principles enshrined in the Charter. All means used by the Organization must not contravene the principles enshrined in its own Charter. We call for the end of privatization of human rights and reemphasize that the only way to guarantee the full and effective realization of human rights is to strengthen multilateralism, inclusive dialogue, and international cooperation. Thank you very much. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:18:43]: I thank the distinguished representative of Cuba on behalf of the Group of Friends in Defense of the Charter of the United Nations. I now give the floor to the United Kingdom. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland [1:18:56]: Rapporteur for his report. Ahead of Burundi’s 2027 presidential election, we remain concerned by reports of extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances, arbitrary detention, and restrictions on fundamental freedoms. An open civic and political environment in which citizens can express their views freely and peacefully remains essential. We call on the Government of Burundi to take further steps to protect the right of all citizens to participate freely in public life. We welcome Burundi’s efforts to support the voluntary return of Burundian refugees in accordance with international law. We also recognise Burundi’s hosting of refugees from the Democratic Republic of Congo and its cooperation with the UN. We encourage continued cooperation with international partners to ensure protection needs are met and that returns remain voluntary, safe, and sustainable. We remain concerned by the Ebola outbreak in eastern DRC and the regional risk posed by cross-border transmission. We commend Burundi’s work to strengthen public health surveillance and preparedness in response to regional health risks, while underlining the importance of respecting human rights in public health measures. Special Rapporteur. What practical support is needed to help deliver a peaceful and inclusive 2027 presidential election in Burundi? Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:20:23]: I thank the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Ireland, followed by China and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Ireland [1:20:39]: Thank you, Chair. Ireland aligns with the EU statement and thanks the Special Rapporteur for his report. In advance of the presidential election in May 2027, Ireland calls on the Government of Burundi to ensure an open political and civic space to allow for transparent, inclusive, and democratic elections. This includes revising the restrictive provisions of the 2024 electoral code and guaranteeing the independence of the electoral commission. Ireland remains deeply concerned by the reported human rights violations in Burundi, particularly extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances, torture and arbitrary detention, mainly attributed to the Imbonerakure, the police and the National Intelligence Service. We are also concerned by the report’s findings of de facto impunity in the many cases of sexual and gender-based violence, femicide and infanticide. We call on the Government of Burundi to end these human rights violations and to ensure full and independent investigations and prosecutions, so that all perpetrators are held accountable. Ireland urges Burundi to engage fully with international human rights mechanisms, including the Human Rights Council. We call on the Government of Burundi to grant the Special Rapporteur appropriate access to fulfil his mandate and to allow the OHCHR country office to reopen. Mr. Special Rapporteur, your report identifies journalists, human rights defenders and civil society organizations as the main sources of documentation of human rights violations in Burundi. How can Member States support this work before and after the election? What good practice could give survivors of gender-based violence access to confidential reporting and justice? Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:22:17]: I thank the distinguished representative of Ireland. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of China. China [1:22:26]: Madam Chair, China notes the report by the Special Rapporteur on the human of the Special Rapporteur. Lately, the government of Burundi has worked actively to maintain national stability and to promote socio-economic development with a commitment to advancing and protecting human rights. Its peace and stability has not come by easily. China commends Burundi's efforts and achievements. China reiterates that the international community should fully respect Brunei's sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity, respect its efforts to resolve domestic issues independently, and play a positive role for its long-term stability and sustainable development. Regrettably, some countries, with little regard for Brunei's progress, imposed and extended their country-specific mechanism against its wish. This harms Brunei’s stability and development, and deliberately makes things antagonistic. It also is a waste of UN resources that contributes to its financial crisis. China consistently advocates addressing human rights issues through constructive dialogue and cooperation, and opposes the politicization and instrumentalization of human rights issues. We urge relevant countries to stop interfering in Burundi's internal affairs under pretext of human rights. to heed the legitimate requests of the Burundi Government and African nations, and to genuinely promote the healthy development of Burundi’s human rights cause through constructive dialogue. We hope that the Special Rapporteur will respect the principle of objectivity and impartiality and use reliable and credible information in her work. Thank you, Madam Chair. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:24:17]: I thank the distinguished representative of China. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, followed by the United Republic of Tanzania and the European Union. Democratic People's Republic of Korea [1:24:38]: Must be addressed through non-confrontational, non-politicized, and non-selective approach, taking into account the political, historical, social, and cultural background of each country in a fair manner. The politically motivated report of the Special Rapporteur on Burundi is devoid of objective assessment on reality on the ground that might mislead the international opinion. The DPRK is consistent in opposing the country-specific mandates established without the consent of the country concerned, as they are misused to justify interference in the internal affairs of a sovereign state, weaponization of human rights to impose political pressure upon a sovereign state should be rejected so as to ensure global advancement of human rights with full respect for sovereign equality. I thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:25:38]: I thank the distinguished representative of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United Republic of Tanzania. United Republic of Tanzania [1:25:50]: Thank you, Madam Chair. Tanzania reaffirms its commitment to the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol, alongside regional instruments such as 1969 OAU Refugee Convention, which complement international protection by addressing regional realities. Tanzania continues to host a protracted caseload of Burundian refugees, some of whom arrived earlier in 1972. Over the years, Tanzania has granted citizenship to more than 160,000 Burundian refugees, demonstrating its long-standing commitment to pursuing durable solution. In this context, Tanzania emphasizes that voluntary repatriation is an important durable solution when conditions in countries of origin permit safe and dignified return. The return of Burundian refugees to Burundi is voluntary. These returns are supported in accordance with international law and in cooperation with the UNHCR. It is important to note that refugeehood is, by nature, a temporary form of protection rather than a permanent condition. When conditions improve in the country of origin, voluntary repatriation can offer refugees a durable solution. Mr. Rapporteur, would you not consider the voluntary repatriation, voluntary return of Burundian refugee as a positive development and a potential indicator of growing confidence in the political situation in Burundi? Tanzania remains committed to ensuring that refugee-related matters are addressed in spirit of cooperation, mutual respect, and shared responsibility, particularly given the significant burden borne by refugee hosting countries. I thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:27:41]: I thank the distinguished representative of the United Republic of Tanzania. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the European Union, followed by the Islamic Republic of Iran and Belarus. EU · EU [1:27:55]: Thank you, Madam Chair. I have the honor to speak on behalf of the EU and its member states. The EU thanks the Special Rapporteur for his work and reiterates its support for his mandate. Which was recently renewed by the Human Rights Council and which is being carried out under difficult conditions, the EU takes good note of the special rapporteur's recommendations in support of human rights for all in Burundi. The EU encourages Burundi to provide full and unhindered access to the Special Rapporteur, to fully cooperate with OHCHR on reopening of a country office, and to effectively implement the recommendations of the former Commission of Inquiry and independence of the National Human Rights Commission. The Special Rapporteur's report documents a persistent pattern of serious human rights violations and abuses. Despite some positive developments in recent years, the political and civic space continues to shrink. Ahead of the 2027 presidential election, we are particularly concerned about growing restrictions targeting opposition parties, the media, human rights defenders, and civil society. An open and pluralistic political environment and the full enjoyment of rights to freedom of expression, association, and peaceful assembly are essential to free, inclusive, and credible elections. The European Union remains deeply committed to the promotion and protection of human rights in Burundi. We call on the authorities to ensure independent, impartial, and effective investigations into all allegations of human rights violations. and to combat impunity. We look to Burundi to ensure conditions necessary for an electoral process respectful of human rights, and we reaffirm our firm support to the people of Burundi. Special Rapporteur, the EU echoes your concerns regarding the 2027 elections. How can the international community work with the government of Burundi to ensure the full implementation of your recommendations as a preventive measure against human rights violations? Thank you very much, and since I have a few seconds, i would just thank the interpreters for their heroic efforts. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:30:19]: I thank the distinguished representative of the European Union. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Iran (Islamic Republic of) [1:30:29]: Thank you, Madam Chair. The Islamic Republic of Iran reiterates its principled opposition to the politicization and selective examination of country-specific human rights situations. Approaches driven by political bias and double standards undermine. The credibility and effectiveness of the United Nations' efforts to promote and protect human rights. Issues pertaining to human rights are best addressed through inclusive and non-discriminatory mechanisms, in particular via the UPR. We must prioritize dialogue. Cooperation, and technical assistance over confrontation and finger-pointing, and firmly reject the instrumentalization of human rights in advance political agendas. The THED Committee must uphold the principles of universality, impartiality, objectivity, non-selectivity and non-discrimination. Strict adherence to these principles is essential for fair and constructive dialogue and for preserving mutual trust among Member States. The Islamic Republic of Iran remains committed to the genuine and non-conclusive promotion and protection of human rights. In full conformity with the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law. Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:31:46]: I thank the distinguished representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Belarus. Belarus [1:31:58]: Distinguished Madam Chair, dear colleagues, Some mandate holders have complained that state representatives apparently don't read their reports. We read them, and we would very much like to give an assessment of the objectivity of the report on the situation of human rights in Burundi. But unfortunately, the Special Rapporteur decided to act in a way that suited himself, not complying with the deadline and presenting the documents late and only in French. Special Rapporteur, sir, more than a year ago, in resolution A/60/15, the HRC asked you to present to the Council at its 62nd session on the human rights situation in Burundi and also a comprehensive report on this at the 63rd session and to the General Assembly at its 81st session. I'd like to ask you, are you a bit tired? We have mandate holders who, using the same resources, prepare several reports a year and on different topics, and you weren't able to properly prepare even one. In this regard, we reiterate our belief that given the liquidity crisis, when we are merging mandates on a whole range of spheres, spending millions of dollars on such mechanisms is unacceptable. We confirm our fundamental position of not adopting country approaches in the UN work, and we reiterate that the main mechanism for considering human rights issues in all countries without exception is the UPR, which enables objectively to assess progress achieved in this area. I thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:33:40]: I thank the distinguished representative of Belarus. I now give the floor to the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Burundi, Mr. Fortunate Nzongo. UN · Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Burundi [1:33:56]: Madam Chair, I'd like to thank you for giving me the floor again. I've heard a lot of comments, points of view, particularly from Belarus, which I appreciate very much. So I'd like to talk about two situations. The first situation is the relationships between states and the HRC. This is the situation where we have a mandate in place and there's a special rapporteur. There's a lot of people talking about the selectivity, the political nature, not actually the mandate. The second point, the second situation is with the Special Rapporteur, which I have been since May 2022, and the resolutions of the Human Rights Council tell me that I should do monitoring, follow-up, and cooperate with Burundi. For these last four or five years, there has never been any cooperation with Burundi. That is a situation which must be changed. doesn't prevent the mandate from being conducted, but it must be said that even as a member of this very council, Burundi is refusing to submit to the resolutions or directives of that council. And Burundi is even asking for the renewal of its membership of the council. which your Assembly renewed, while also extending the mandate in October 2026. So that means two things: the Council is renewing the Special Rapporteur mandate, that means the situation is still cause for concern, and it's also a message when you renew Burundi's candidacy for membership with the Council. So, for me, It's not really a matter of talking about difficulties, and we talk about the credibility, everything I've heard, all the suggestions made, everything that's been said on this question. It's not a great concern for me legally because there's no cooperation. In four years, Burundi has never replied to my correspondence. just here and in the HRC in Geneva, when you say that there are allegations that are or are not corroborated, and you answer me and you say that they are, put it in the report. But that's never been done by the Burundian state. So the impartial nature, I'm a little bit doubtful. I'm ready for cooperation and to discuss on all matters, but unfortunately, the interlocutor, here, who's a member of the council, is refusing to implement the decisions of that council. So in any case, I'm open, and I suggest at any moment, whatever time, I'm happy to discuss things with Burundi. Then there were a few questions that were asked: how to support free and independent elections? Well, in my recommendations, I'd ask for a national dialogue that was inclusive and brought together all the parties. I think that the start of these discussions, this national debate, there's consensus on an inclusive electoral process that could be put in place, but we've observed up till now that there's a sort of overdominance of one party. and not enough influence of the other parties. And we've seen in the elections, the parties who wanted really to engage in the electoral process withdrew, first of all, from the International Electoral Commission, and then there's another party that withdrew in such a way that there's no party is really making that body up to manage the elections. So, I think we need to start with that inclusive dialogue, and then there's a question about support for human rights defenders. I have to say that the crisis started in 2015, and from 2015 to 2016, i think that the human rights defenders, the journalists, are those who paid the heaviest toll of the repression of the Burundian state. And to support them, we need a very large amount of work. Also, there's the matter of refugees. We have to still find financing to enhance their capacities to communicate and address these human rights questions. Now, there's also a question about the implementation of the recommendations of the reports that I submit every year. In that regard, I think that perhaps the states would need to discuss them among themselves first, because the mandate put in place by the states and the recommendations that I make, I make them on behalf of the HRC, to evaluate the implementation, what measures need to be taken when the state doesn't implement those recommendations. So this is when we're in a scenario of complete non-cooperation? So I think this is quite an interesting question that in any case should be discussed in more detail. Otherwise, what's the point of making recommendations if the concerned state doesn't put them into practice? Then, there's one last comment. I'd like to come back on Belarus. I think that in the process of drafting the report, I think that that state was already emphasizing the liquidity crisis, and every year, in fact, we are within the deadlines, we produce the report in the deadlines. There are technical questions that are asked, but I think it's a matter of good faith to come to this Assembly and then start to discuss. I think there are competent bodies to point out any errors or deficiencies in producing the report. And I think we could have had a more objective response than just to make those kind of comments in this room. Madam Chair, I won't take up any more of your time. I'd like to thank everybody who spoke today and took the floor, the comments, and the questions. Thank you very much. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:41:24]: I thank the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Burundi. I next welcome the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Eritrea, Mr. Mohammed Abdel-Salam Babiker. Participants wishing to make comments and pose questions to the speaker are invited to press their microphone button within the next three minutes, after which the list will be closed. The time limit for each speaker will be announced before the floor is given to the first intervention. I thank you for your cooperation. I now invite the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Eritrea to make an introductory statement. Mr. Babiker, you have the floor. UN · Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Eritrea [1:42:11]: Honorable Chair, distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen, I am honored to address you in my capacity as the Special Rapporteur to present my report and all update on the situation of human rights in Eritrea. I speak today with deep sense of responsibility and reflection. Nearly six years have elapsed since I took this role on 1 November 2020. Regrettably, the core human rights issues I have raised remain largely unresolved. I have seen no tangible evidence of progress or real improvement. Over the years, my reports have constantly detailed arbitrary and prolonged detention, enforced disappearances, torture, inhumane or degrading treatment, strict limitations on freedom of expression, association, and peaceful assembly, restrictions on freedom or religious freedoms, political and civic space, and the impacts of the indefinite national military service. Excellencies, I want to draw attention to some notable developments. In late 2025, especially in December, 13 individuals released after nearly 18 years of detention, along other several others. While I welcome these releases, I emphasize that holding individuals in prisons or unknown locations without charge or trial is an affront to the fundamental principles of justice and humanity. I repetitively called on the Eritrean government for the past years to release all arbitrarily detained individuals, reveal the fate and location of disappeared persons. Families continue to wait for years. or even decades for their loved ones without information whether they are alive or dead. A decade after the Commission of Inquiry suggested possible crimes against humanity in Eritrea, there have been no credible domestic investigations or prosecution. In my last report to the Human Rights Council in June this year, I asserted that there are reasonable grounds to believe that crimes against humanity are occurring in Eritrea. Honourable Chair, distinguished delegates, since November 2020, when the armed conflict erupted in Tigray, indefinite national military service continued to affect fundamental rights and freedoms. I have repeatedly highlighted how this system influences nearly every facet of life, including education, employment, family life, and young people's capacity to choose their own future. As detailed in my reports, It is a major factor driving nearly 18 to 20% of Eritreans to flee the country to seek protection abroad. As previously also reported to this committee, I have highlighted violations attributed to Eritrean armed forces during the Tigray conflict, including the destruction of Eritrean refugee camps, sexual and gender-based violence, and stressed that the need for a credible investigation, truth, justice, accountability. particularly for Eritreans who disappeared during that war. Now, the renewed hostilities and tensions arriving in Tigray risk further worsening Eritrea's dire human rights situation, including forced recruitment and indefinite national service. Excellencies, Eritrean refugees and asylum seekers continue to face gruesome journeys marred by reports of arbitrary detention, trafficking, abduction, extortion, and risk of formal In many host countries, they continue to face hostile migration policies rather than deserving protection and shared global responsibilities. At the same time, I have increasingly documented cases of transnational repression by Eritrean authorities abroad, targeting human rights defenders, journalists, and members of diaspora communities. Many Eritreans continue to report experiences of intimidation, threats, surveillance, and pressure. And I reiterate my call to all states to protect and to investigate allegations of transnational repression. And Madam Chair, during my tenure, i consistently pursued constructive engagement with the Eritrean government. I have repeatedly requested meetings, sought dialogue, shared my reports with Eritrean authorities for comments and asked for access to the country. Unfortunately, neither my predecessor nor I have been granted this opportunity to make an official visit to Eritrea or to conduct meaningful discussions with Eritrean authorities. Urgent attention and focus from UN member states is needed. Despite extensive human rights mechanisms, the Human Rights Council effectiveness continue to be undermined not only by Eritrea's non-cooperation, but also by a lack of political will and limited follow-up to investigate my findings and recommendations of previous Commission of Inquiry. In my view, engaging with international human rights mechanisms should be seen as an opportunity for dialogue, transparency, and progress, not an act of hostility. After nearly six years leading this mandate, I firmly believe that the situation in Eritrea is not beyond hope. Meaningful change requires political will. It involves ending arbitrary and communicatory detention and enforced disappearances. It calls for reform of indefinite national service. It also requires independent institutions, access to justice, respect for fundamental freedoms, a vibrant civic space, and also accountability. My message to the UN General Assembly remains the same: ongoing international oversight, engagement, accountability, and justice are essential until Eritrea sees real, measurable improvements. The true indicator of progress won't be the number of reports or resolutions, but whether Eritrean families can learn what happened to their loved ones who disappeared. It will be whether a young person can choose their own future, whether a journalist can speak freely without fear, whether individuals can practice their faith openly, or whether refugees and asylum seekers can live safely, and whether refugees, Eritreans, can lead a dignified life. This is the long-awaited progress the Eritrean people deserve. As I conclude my mandate, I extend my best wishes to my successor, Ms. Seha Tsemo, and wish her every success in fulfilling this important responsibility. I urge all Member States and the Government of Eritrea to support her mandate and to cooperate with her to advance the protection and promotion of human rights in Eritrea. I thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:48:58]: I thank the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Eritrea. I will now open the floor for questions or comments to Mr. Babiker. As per past practice, I would ask delegations to limit their comments to three minutes. I thank you for your cooperation. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Ireland, followed by the representatives of Switzerland and Ethiopia. Ireland [1:49:29]: Thank you, Chair. Ireland aligns with the EU statement and thanks the Special Rapporteur for his report. We are deeply concerned by the ongoing widespread and systemic human rights violations in Eritrea, including arbitrary detention, enforced disappearances, severe restrictions on fundamental freedoms, targeting of religious communities, and reports of transnational repression directed at members of the Eritrean diaspora. While we welcome the release of several long-term detainees during the reporting period, many remain detained without charge or trial. We are especially concerned by the continued detention of religious leaders and broader restrictions on freedom of religion or belief. Ireland calls on Eritrea to immediately and unconditionally release all those arbitrarily detained, disclose the fate and whereabouts of disappeared persons, and uphold due process and fair trial rights. Ireland also urges Eritrea to reform its indefinite national service system and address the serious abuses associated with conscription. We further express support for the mandate of the Special Rapporteur as the only available mechanism to monitor the human rights situation in Eritrea. We call on the government to grant the mandate full and unhindered access to the country, as well as cooperate fully with international and regional human rights mechanisms. Special Rapporteur, in the continued absence of accountability, what international measures have the greatest potential to advance justice for victims and encourage meaningful reform in Eritrea? Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:51:03]: I thank the distinguished representative of Ireland. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Switzerland. Switzerland [1:51:13]: Madame la présidente. Madame Chair. Switzerland thanks the Special Rapporteur for his update and remains concerned about the human rights situation in Eritrea. Mr. Special Rapporteur, as your mandate draws to a close, we thank you for your tireless commitment. What key lesson or recommendation would you wish to pass on to your successor to advance human rights in Eritrea? We are particularly concerned by the escalation of hostilities between Ethiopia and Eritrea. and their repercussions on conflicts in the region. We are particularly worried about the consequences for civilians, including forced displacement. Switzerland calls upon all parties to respect international humanitarian law and human rights. We also urge the parties to resolve their differences through dialogue. Switzerland welcomes the visit to Asmara in January 2026 by the Special Rapporteur on the negative impact of unilateral coercive measures. We encourage Eritrea to strengthen its cooperation with United Nations mechanisms, and we reiterate our call for that country to grant you access. We remain concerned about compulsory national service of indefinite duration, concerned about arbitrary detention and enforced disappearances. We call for the release of all persons arbitrarily detained. I thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:52:41]: I thank the distinguished representative of Switzerland. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Ethiopia, followed by the European Union. Ethiopia [1:52:52]: Thanks, Madam Chair. My delegation thanks the Special Rapporteur for his comprehensive report and his presentation today. As a member of the Human Rights Council, we encourage the Special Rapporteur to continue his engagement with the country of concern. I wish to clarify on two points where my country is referenced in the report. First, on issues related to refugees, Ethiopia has long been recognized for hosting over a million refugees, including hundreds of thousands from the country of concern. Those refugees sought home and safety in the soil of Ethiopia. This August gathering is mindful of my government's progressive refugee protection, legal and institutional frameworks, including out-of-camp policy. that allows refugees to reside within communities where they enjoy freedom of movement and access to social services and even establish businesses. This generous policy actions are well documented by the UNHCR and other humanitarian agencies. Any individual involvement in criminal activity, including trafficking of refugees must be addressed through the established domestic criminal justice system based on individual responsibility and due process. Second, regarding the alleged deployment of troops, my delegation wishes to draw the Special Rapporteur's attention to the factual inaccuracy, particularly in paragraph 16 of the report, as during the period in question, which is mid-2025, The Ethiopian National Defense Force were not present in Tigray region of Ethiopia. We respectfully request that this error could be corrected. Madam Chair, Ethiopia stands ready to exercise universal application of its laws to ensure accountability for gross violation of human rights committed within our territory and against Ethiopians by any actor, including a foreign military. Therefore, we call on the Special Rapporteur to exercise caution and ensure that his assessment reflects these realities. In conclusion, Ethiopia reiterates its commitment to respect for human rights as enshrined under relevant human rights instruments. I thank you, Madam Chair. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:55:15]: I thank the distinguished representative of Ethiopia. I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the European Union. EU · EU [1:55:23]: Thank you, madam Chair. I have the honour to speak on behalf of the EU and its Member States. The EU thanks the Special Rapporteur for his work over these years and will continue to support the mandate at this time of change. We continue to call on Eritrea to engage constructively with the Human Rights Council and for the new Special Rapporteur to grant the mandate full and unhindered access. I would ask you from the outset how you view the potential for the international community to engage more with human rights in Eritrea. The EU notes continued efforts to reduce the prevalence in Eritrea of female genital mutilation and maternal mortality. The EU has welcomed Eritrea's ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2025 and stands ready to support Eritrea in its swift implementation. The EU encourages Eritrea to make full use of cooperation with OHCHR, including considering inviting further technical assistance and capacity building. We welcome the release of some arbitrarily detained persons and call on the government to continue the releases. The whereabouts of those disappeared in the past must be revealed. The EU welcomes Eritrea's cooperation with the Human Rights Council during the Universal Periodic Review and, in particular, its acceptance of 126 recommendations. However, the challenges are still many, and we remain gravely concerned by the human rights situation in the country, as indicated by the Special Rapporteur. The lack of progress, the persisting structural impunity, strongly underline the need to maintain monitoring and reporting. A particular concern is the continued practice of long-term national service and widespread conscription, as well as reports of gender-based violence and forced labor. The right to conscientious objection must be respected. We are also particularly concerned about reports of transnational repression voiced by Eritreans in the diaspora including the targeting of human rights defenders and government critics. Recent tensions between Eritrea and Ethiopia raise the spectre of renewed conflict. In view of this, the EU reiterates its call for immediate de-escalation on all fronts and urges those involved to refrain from actions or rhetoric which would increase tensions. The EU stresses that the territorial integrity and sovereignty of states must be respected by all parties involved. The EU is encouraging Eritrea to accede to the UNCLOS Convention, which would strengthen Eritrea's sovereign rights over its coastlines and ports, while at the same time providing a predictable basis under international law for peaceful. 3rd Committee · Chair [1:58:28]: I thank the distinguished representative of the European Union. I now give the floor to the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Eritrea, Mr. Mohamed Abdel-Salam Babiker. UN · Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Eritrea [1:58:42]: Thank you, madam Chair. Thank you so much. I would like to start with a question by Ireland related to what measures should be taken with regard to the advocacy of justice. I think this is a very key question that requires Member States to really focus in particular with regard to cases of enforced disappearance. I have been working on this mandate for the last six years, and I concluded that many, many Eritreans are actually in jail for more than three decades without their loved ones to be able to know their locations. And the evidence gathered by myself and also my predecessors are very consistent in this regard. And enforced disappearance and arbitrary detention remains like a state policy, it's very widespread and systematic. As I said, thousands of individuals are held incommunicado without charge and without trial, without access to any legal process. And also, in my last report, i reported on conditions of detentions. Key prisons, secret locations, have been meeting people who actually stayed in these prisons for 20 years. And I detailed this in my report. So also in these prisons, people subjected to ill treatment. And I think one of the most important conditions with regard to that Eritrea should be lifted from this mandate is the issue that these prisoners must be actually released, who are actually, as I said, detained for three decades. And I think this is not acceptable. I raised this in all my previous reports with the Human Rights Council. and also I raised this issue in this committee, and in my view, Eritrean non-cooperation to address the issue of disappearance is really an affront to humanity and also undermines the credibility of the Human Rights Council. And I hope that Eritrea will cooperate with regard to this issue. Also, the issue of the National Military Service is one of the key lessons I learned during this mandate. The system is supposed to be 18 months, according to the law, but it continues to be indefinite. And military service in its current status amounts to forced labor and also amounts to slavery and has lasting effects, lasting impact on the Eritrean people. Also, one of the key issues I kept reporting during my mandate is the issue of refugees and asylum seekers, who are actually targeted by the long arm of the Eritrean regime outside Eritrea. in particular, the issue of transnational repression, which actually undermines the safety of many Eritreans in exile. And in many reports, actually, I called on many host states to recognize this pattern of transnational repression and to ensure safety for many Eritreans. Now, many Eritreans in exile are facing surveillance, are facing threats by the Eritrean long arm outside Eritrea. So they deserve to be protected by host states. The issue of The tension I read in my report last time between Eritrea and Ethiopia, I didn't conclude any findings with regard to the presence of any forces, whether in Eritrea. This is a response to His Excellency, the representative of the Ethiopian government. I didn't conclude the presence of any forces because I follow a very specific protocol with regard to the verification of evidence. However, in 2020 and 2022, I concluded in my report that the presence of the Eritrean armed forces in Tigray, the destruction of four refugee camps, and also the abduction of refugees inside Ethiopian territory. And at that time, i was criticized by Ethiopia, saying that my mandate actually extended beyond extended beyond Eritrean territory. However, I proved in my previous report that Eritrea has an effective control over these territories and then human rights law applies extraterritorially. One of the key concerns I would like also here to focus on is the issue of, i concluded also in my last report that crimes against humanity committed in Eritrea, in particular with regard to enforced disappearance. and arbitrary detention. And here, in arbitrary detention and for disappearance, actually imposed across the Eritrean society. It is a tool of repression. And religious leaders, Orthodox Christians, Muslim groups, Jehovah Witnesses are actually kept there, all the leaders from these Sectors, some of them kept since 1991. For example, the closure also of Muslim religious organizations. So this is an issue, in my view, in my conclusion, is a violation of the 2006 Convention on Enforced Disappearance, because this is a pattern, it's systematic, it actually conducted as a policy and also widespread. Finally, I would like to thank Member States who actually extended support to my mandate during the last six years, but also I would like to appeal in particular to member states in the region, in particular African states, and I mentioned this in my last report. For the last six years, they do not have any access by any African member in the region to be able to conduct investigations. And I think now there is a change of position, in particular Ethiopia. I really hope that we'll be able to extend support to my successor in order to be able to meet refugees in the region, and I think it is very important for the African group in the Human Rights Council to extend support to this mandate. Particularly, actually, i'm not calling this, some member states accuse the mandate of being selective or targeting Eritrea sovereignty. The mandate is not focusing on political issues, it's focused on facts and focused on meeting a lot of people, a lot of victims. They still, as I mentioned in my reports, they don't know the whereabouts of their loved ones. And I think it is high time for the Human Rights Council to intervene, to support my successor in order to be able to investigate this heinous crime. And also, I would like also, in this committee, also extend the support for this mandate, and I thank you for all the continuous support during my tenure. Thank you. 3rd Committee · Chair [2:07:39]: I thank the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Eritrea. The Committee will continue its consideration of agenda item, Promotion and protection of human rights, and its sub-items A to D, this afternoon at 3:00 PM, promptly, to hear statements by special procedure mandate holders and other experts and engage with them in a combined interactive dialogue. I wish to remind delegations that the deadline for the submission of draft proposals under agenda item 70 and its sub-items A to D is 1:00 PM on Tuesday, the 3rd of November. Information on the work of the committee, including the scheduled meetings, the latest program of work, and the documentation under each agenda item, is available on IGOF. The meeting is adjourned.