{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/zh/asset/k12/k12bq5w81d?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/zh/asset/k12/k12bq5w81d.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k12/k12bq5w81d","kaltura_id":"1_2bq5w81d","title":"Financing Adaptation in the Era of Overshoot - Solutions Dialogues, Climate Summit 2026","clean_title":"Financing Adaptation in the Era of Overshoot - Solutions Dialogues, Climate Summit 2026","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k12/k12bq5w81d","date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-09-22T18:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"03:13:39","category":"Meetings & Events","body":null,"event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":null,"pv_symbol":null,"pv_part":null,"slug":"asset/k12/k12bq5w81d"},"metadata":{"summary":null,"description":null,"categories":[],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":[],"corporate_name":[],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"azure-llm-speech-79f321ab-3223-4afc-b736-f25e7b18e2ca","language":"en","timestamps_flagged":true,"timestamps_note":"UN Web TV re-edited this video after the transcript was created; timestamps may no longer match the current video.","original_duration_seconds":11619,"current_duration_seconds":8692,"data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":3635.47,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k12/k12bq5w81d?lang=en&t=1:00:36","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank 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India.","start":3642.91,"end":3653.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3642.91,"end":3643.03},{"text":"now","start":3643.07,"end":3643.47},{"text":"I","start":3643.47,"end":3643.63},{"text":"would","start":3643.63,"end":3643.75},{"text":"like","start":3643.75,"end":3643.95},{"text":"to","start":3643.95,"end":3644.15},{"text":"turn","start":3644.15,"end":3644.43},{"text":"to","start":3644.43,"end":3644.59},{"text":"His","start":3644.59,"end":3644.91},{"text":"Excellency","start":3644.91,"end":3645.79},{"text":"Sudhakar","start":3646.03,"end":3646.99},{"text":"Dalai,","start":3647.07,"end":3647.95},{"text":"Vice","start":3648.27,"end":3648.67},{"text":"Minister","start":3648.67,"end":3649.27},{"text":"of","start":3649.27,"end":3649.39},{"text":"Economic","start":3649.47,"end":3650.03},{"text":"Relations","start":3650.03,"end":3650.67},{"text":"of","start":3650.71,"end":3650.83},{"text":"the","start":3650.83,"end":3650.99},{"text":"Ministry","start":3650.99,"end":3651.71},{"text":"of","start":3651.79,"end":3651.95},{"text":"External","start":3651.95,"end":3652.47},{"text":"Affairs","start":3652.47,"end":3652.91},{"text":"of","start":3652.91,"end":3653.07},{"text":"India.","start":3653.07,"end":3653.55}]},{"text":"Over 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floor.","start":3656.07,"end":3659.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3656.07,"end":3656.27},{"text":"you","start":3656.27,"end":3656.39},{"text":"very","start":3656.39,"end":3656.59},{"text":"much,","start":3656.59,"end":3656.99},{"text":"Madam","start":3657.55,"end":3657.83},{"text":"Chairperson,","start":3657.83,"end":3658.31},{"text":"for","start":3658.31,"end":3658.43},{"text":"giving","start":3658.43,"end":3658.67},{"text":"me","start":3658.67,"end":3658.79},{"text":"the","start":3658.79,"end":3658.91},{"text":"floor.","start":3658.91,"end":3659.31}]},{"text":"Thank you very much, UN Climate Action Team, for hosting Situation Dialogue on this important theme and for the thoughtful opening remarks by the colleague from UNEP, WMO, and UNCAT, and of course, by the distinguished moderator.","start":3659.91,"end":3675.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3659.91,"end":3660.07},{"text":"you","start":3660.07,"end":3660.23},{"text":"very","start":3660.23,"end":3660.39},{"text":"much,","start":3660.39,"end":3660.79},{"text":"UN","start":3660.95,"end":3661.35},{"text":"Climate","start":3661.35,"end":3661.67},{"text":"Action","start":3661.67,"end":3661.99},{"text":"Team,","start":3661.99,"end":3662.39},{"text":"for","start":3662.79,"end":3662.95},{"text":"hosting","start":3662.95,"end":3663.31},{"text":"Situation","start":3663.31,"end":3663.83},{"text":"Dialogue","start":3663.83,"end":3664.19},{"text":"on","start":3664.19,"end":3664.31},{"text":"this","start":3664.31,"end":3664.47},{"text":"important","start":3664.47,"end":3664.95},{"text":"theme","start":3664.95,"end":3665.27},{"text":"and","start":3665.75,"end":3665.91},{"text":"for","start":3665.91,"end":3666.03},{"text":"the","start":3666.03,"end":3666.19},{"text":"thoughtful","start":3666.19,"end":3666.63},{"text":"opening","start":3666.63,"end":3666.91},{"text":"remarks","start":3666.91,"end":3667.31},{"text":"by","start":3667.31,"end":3667.51},{"text":"the","start":3667.51,"end":3667.63},{"text":"colleague","start":3668.15,"end":3668.51},{"text":"from","start":3668.51,"end":3668.79},{"text":"UNEP,","start":3668.79,"end":3669.47},{"text":"WMO,","start":3669.91,"end":3670.63},{"text":"and","start":3671.59,"end":3672.07},{"text":"UNCAT,","start":3672.23,"end":3673.19},{"text":"and","start":3673.19,"end":3673.31},{"text":"of","start":3673.31,"end":3673.43},{"text":"course,","start":3673.43,"end":3673.63},{"text":"by","start":3673.67,"end":3673.83},{"text":"the","start":3673.83,"end":3673.95},{"text":"distinguished","start":3673.95,"end":3674.43},{"text":"moderator.","start":3674.43,"end":3675.03}]},{"text":"Adaptation is a priority for developing countries that have contributed the least to global warming and face its serious consequences.","start":3675.71,"end":3684.79,"topics":[{"key":"country-led-adaptation","label":"Country-Led Adaptation","description":"Several speakers emphasized that adaptation must remain nationally determined, aligned with local realities, and shaped by communities and domestic institutions. They criticized donor-driven or fragmented approaches and called for finance to support national plans, budgets, and direct access mechanisms."},{"key":"adaptation-finance","label":"Adaptation Finance","description":"A major theme was the large gap between adaptation needs and current funding, especially for developing countries. Many speakers called for more predictable, grant-based and concessional public finance, arguing that private instruments can complement but not replace it."}],"words":[{"text":"Adaptation","start":3675.71,"end":3676.39},{"text":"is","start":3676.39,"end":3676.79},{"text":"a","start":3676.79,"end":3676.83},{"text":"priority","start":3676.83,"end":3677.35},{"text":"for","start":3677.35,"end":3677.47},{"text":"developing","start":3677.47,"end":3677.91},{"text":"countries","start":3677.91,"end":3678.47},{"text":"that","start":3678.95,"end":3679.27},{"text":"have","start":3679.27,"end":3679.43},{"text":"contributed","start":3679.43,"end":3680.07},{"text":"the","start":3680.07,"end":3680.15},{"text":"least","start":3680.15,"end":3680.51},{"text":"to","start":3680.51,"end":3680.59},{"text":"global","start":3680.59,"end":3680.87},{"text":"warming","start":3680.87,"end":3681.35},{"text":"and","start":3681.83,"end":3681.99},{"text":"face","start":3681.99,"end":3682.47},{"text":"its","start":3682.63,"end":3682.95},{"text":"serious","start":3683.27,"end":3683.83},{"text":"consequences.","start":3683.83,"end":3684.79}]},{"text":"It is difficult for us to appreciate the terminology of an era of overshoot which does not seem to command full scientific 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scenario envisages temporarily exceeding 1.5 degrees Celsius level.","start":3693.15,"end":3698.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Overshoot","start":3693.15,"end":3693.79},{"text":"scenario","start":3693.87,"end":3694.43},{"text":"envisages","start":3694.43,"end":3694.99},{"text":"temporarily","start":3694.99,"end":3695.63},{"text":"exceeding","start":3695.63,"end":3696.19},{"text":"1.5","start":3696.19,"end":3696.59},{"text":"degrees","start":3696.59,"end":3696.95},{"text":"Celsius","start":3696.95,"end":3697.55},{"text":"level.","start":3698.19,"end":3698.67}]},{"text":"They rely on carbon dioxide removal at a scale dwarfing that remaining carbon budget, with 50 to 90% of removals relying on technologies not proven at scale, with serious consequences for food security and livelihoods in the global 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respond to some of the questions raised by the distinguished moderator as regard adaptation and resilience building, I would like to highlight or underscore three particular 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first, early warning systems must be treated as essential public infrastructure, a point made by several speakers who just intervened.","start":3726.23,"end":3735.51,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-systems","label":"Early Warning Systems","description":"Speakers repeatedly treated early warning systems as essential public infrastructure rather than short-term projects. Discussion focused on universal coverage, end-to-end systems, operations and maintenance, last-mile delivery, and linking warnings to preparedness and early action."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3726.23,"end":3726.39},{"text":"first,","start":3726.39,"end":3726.79},{"text":"early","start":3727.35,"end":3727.67},{"text":"warning","start":3727.67,"end":3727.91},{"text":"systems","start":3727.91,"end":3728.39},{"text":"must","start":3728.39,"end":3728.67},{"text":"be","start":3728.67,"end":3728.79},{"text":"treated","start":3728.79,"end":3729.27},{"text":"as","start":3729.27,"end":3729.59},{"text":"essential","start":3729.59,"end":3730.15},{"text":"public","start":3730.15,"end":3730.55},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":3730.55,"end":3731.35},{"text":"a","start":3731.83,"end":3731.87},{"text":"point","start":3731.87,"end":3732.19},{"text":"made","start":3732.19,"end":3732.39},{"text":"by","start":3732.39,"end":3732.63},{"text":"several","start":3732.63,"end":3732.95},{"text":"speakers","start":3732.95,"end":3733.59},{"text":"who","start":3734.07,"end":3734.31},{"text":"just","start":3734.31,"end":3734.63},{"text":"intervened.","start":3734.79,"end":3735.51}]},{"text":"India's experience shows that end-to-end systems save lives, save communities.","start":3735.99,"end":3741.19,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-systems","label":"Early Warning Systems","description":"Speakers repeatedly treated early warning systems as essential public infrastructure rather than short-term projects. Discussion focused on universal coverage, end-to-end systems, operations and maintenance, last-mile delivery, and linking warnings to preparedness and early action."}],"words":[{"text":"India's","start":3735.99,"end":3736.43},{"text":"experience","start":3736.43,"end":3736.91},{"text":"shows","start":3736.91,"end":3737.35},{"text":"that","start":3737.35,"end":3737.67},{"text":"end-to-end","start":3737.67,"end":3738.19},{"text":"systems","start":3738.19,"end":3738.79},{"text":"save","start":3739.03,"end":3739.43},{"text":"lives,","start":3739.43,"end":3739.91},{"text":"save","start":3739.91,"end":3740.31},{"text":"communities.","start":3740.47,"end":3741.19}]},{"text":"Financing must cover the full chain from risk knowledge and observation to dissemination, preparedness, and last-mile action, including operations, maintenance, technology, and institutional capacity.","start":3741.67,"end":3753.83,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-systems","label":"Early Warning Systems","description":"Speakers repeatedly treated early warning systems as essential public infrastructure rather than short-term projects. Discussion focused on universal coverage, end-to-end systems, operations and maintenance, last-mile delivery, and linking warnings to preparedness and early action."},{"key":"adaptation-finance","label":"Adaptation Finance","description":"A major theme was the large gap between adaptation needs and current funding, especially for developing countries. Many speakers called for more predictable, grant-based and concessional public finance, arguing that private instruments can complement but not replace it."}],"words":[{"text":"Financing","start":3741.67,"end":3742.23},{"text":"must","start":3742.23,"end":3742.47},{"text":"cover","start":3742.47,"end":3742.71},{"text":"the","start":3742.71,"end":3742.83},{"text":"full","start":3742.83,"end":3743.03},{"text":"chain","start":3743.03,"end":3743.51},{"text":"from","start":3743.83,"end":3744.07},{"text":"risk","start":3744.07,"end":3744.35},{"text":"knowledge","start":3744.35,"end":3744.79},{"text":"and","start":3744.87,"end":3745.07},{"text":"observation","start":3745.07,"end":3745.75},{"text":"to","start":3745.75,"end":3745.83},{"text":"dissemination,","start":3745.83,"end":3746.71},{"text":"preparedness,","start":3746.71,"end":3747.43},{"text":"and","start":3747.83,"end":3748.03},{"text":"last-mile","start":3748.07,"end":3748.55},{"text":"action,","start":3748.55,"end":3749.03},{"text":"including","start":3749.35,"end":3749.83},{"text":"operations,","start":3749.83,"end":3750.47},{"text":"maintenance,","start":3750.47,"end":3751.11},{"text":"technology,","start":3751.11,"end":3751.91},{"text":"and","start":3752.39,"end":3752.63},{"text":"institutional","start":3752.63,"end":3753.19},{"text":"capacity.","start":3753.19,"end":3753.83}]},{"text":"National ownership should not shift the financing burden to developing countries.","start":3754.31,"end":3758.39,"topics":[{"key":"country-led-adaptation","label":"Country-Led Adaptation","description":"Several speakers emphasized that adaptation must remain nationally determined, aligned with local realities, and shaped by communities and domestic institutions. 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Many speakers called for more predictable, grant-based and concessional public finance, arguing that private instruments can complement but not replace it."}],"words":[{"text":"National","start":3754.31,"end":3754.79},{"text":"ownership","start":3754.79,"end":3755.27},{"text":"should","start":3755.27,"end":3755.47},{"text":"not","start":3755.47,"end":3755.67},{"text":"shift","start":3755.67,"end":3755.95},{"text":"the","start":3755.95,"end":3756.03},{"text":"financing","start":3756.03,"end":3756.55},{"text":"burden","start":3756.55,"end":3757.03},{"text":"to","start":3757.11,"end":3757.23},{"text":"developing","start":3757.23,"end":3757.71},{"text":"countries.","start":3757.71,"end":3758.39}]},{"text":"Second, adaptation planning and action must remain country-driven, nationally determined, inclusive, and rooted in science and traditional knowledge.","start":3759.03,"end":3768.31,"topics":[{"key":"country-led-adaptation","label":"Country-Led Adaptation","description":"Several speakers emphasized that adaptation must remain nationally determined, aligned with local realities, and shaped by communities and domestic institutions. 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Many speakers called for more predictable, grant-based and concessional public finance, arguing that private instruments can complement but not replace it."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":3890.39,"end":3890.51},{"text":"the","start":3890.51,"end":3890.59},{"text":"Philippines,","start":3890.63,"end":3891.19},{"text":"the","start":3891.19,"end":3891.31},{"text":"economic","start":3891.31,"end":3891.79},{"text":"cost","start":3891.79,"end":3892.11},{"text":"of","start":3892.11,"end":3892.23},{"text":"inaction","start":3892.23,"end":3892.87},{"text":"across","start":3892.87,"end":3893.27},{"text":"eight","start":3893.27,"end":3893.43},{"text":"sectors","start":3893.43,"end":3893.99},{"text":"identified","start":3894.07,"end":3894.71},{"text":"in","start":3894.71,"end":3894.87},{"text":"our","start":3894.87,"end":3894.95},{"text":"national","start":3894.95,"end":3895.47},{"text":"adaptation","start":3895.47,"end":3896.23},{"text":"plan","start":3896.23,"end":3896.55},{"text":"is","start":3896.87,"end":3897.11},{"text":"estimated","start":3897.11,"end":3898.11},{"text":"at","start":3898.11,"end":3898.35},{"text":"$11","start":3898.35,"end":3898.39},{"text":"billion","start":3898.39,"end":3899.23},{"text":"annually,","start":3899.51,"end":3900.07},{"text":"underscoring","start":3900.55,"end":3901.19},{"text":"the","start":3901.19,"end":3901.43},{"text":"urgency","start":3901.43,"end":3902.07},{"text":"of","start":3902.07,"end":3902.19},{"text":"scaling","start":3902.19,"end":3902.71},{"text":"up","start":3902.71,"end":3902.87},{"text":"adaptation","start":3902.87,"end":3903.43},{"text":"finance.","start":3903.43,"end":3903.99}]},{"text":"The Philippines recently formalized its membership in the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure as its 71st member and the second Southeast Asian nation to join, strengthening our commitment to international cooperation on infrastructure resilience.","start":3904.43,"end":3921.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3904.43,"end":3904.51},{"text":"Philippines","start":3904.51,"end":3905.15},{"text":"recently","start":3905.15,"end":3905.71},{"text":"formalized","start":3905.71,"end":3906.35},{"text":"its","start":3906.35,"end":3906.51},{"text":"membership","start":3906.51,"end":3907.23},{"text":"in","start":3907.55,"end":3907.71},{"text":"the","start":3907.71,"end":3907.83},{"text":"Coalition","start":3907.83,"end":3908.51},{"text":"for","start":3908.51,"end":3908.67},{"text":"Disaster","start":3908.67,"end":3909.15},{"text":"Resilient","start":3909.15,"end":3909.63},{"text":"Infrastructure","start":3909.63,"end":3910.59},{"text":"as","start":3911.07,"end":3911.31},{"text":"its","start":3911.31,"end":3911.59},{"text":"71st","start":3911.59,"end":3912.27},{"text":"member","start":3912.27,"end":3912.79},{"text":"and","start":3912.79,"end":3912.95},{"text":"the","start":3912.95,"end":3913.03},{"text":"second","start":3913.03,"end":3913.47},{"text":"Southeast","start":3913.47,"end":3914.03},{"text":"Asian","start":3914.03,"end":3914.39},{"text":"nation","start":3914.39,"end":3914.91},{"text":"to","start":3915.79,"end":3915.91},{"text":"join,","start":3915.95,"end":3916.35},{"text":"strengthening","start":3916.35,"end":3916.99},{"text":"our","start":3916.99,"end":3917.15},{"text":"commitment","start":3917.15,"end":3917.71},{"text":"to","start":3917.71,"end":3917.79},{"text":"international","start":3917.79,"end":3918.47},{"text":"cooperation","start":3918.47,"end":3919.31},{"text":"on","start":3919.75,"end":3919.83},{"text":"infrastructure","start":3919.87,"end":3920.63},{"text":"resilience.","start":3920.63,"end":3921.47}]},{"text":"Knowing what is coming and being able to act before it arrives is among the most powerful and cost-effective investments governments can make.","start":3921.87,"end":3929.91,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-systems","label":"Early Warning Systems","description":"Speakers repeatedly treated early warning systems as essential public infrastructure rather than short-term projects. 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France.","start":4298.15,"end":4304.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4298.15,"end":4298.31},{"text":"would","start":4298.31,"end":4298.43},{"text":"like","start":4298.43,"end":4298.79},{"text":"to","start":4298.79,"end":4299.03},{"text":"now","start":4299.03,"end":4299.27},{"text":"pass","start":4299.27,"end":4299.83},{"text":"to","start":4299.83,"end":4300.23},{"text":"Benoit","start":4300.23,"end":4300.67},{"text":"Ferraco,","start":4300.71,"end":4301.43},{"text":"the","start":4301.75,"end":4301.91},{"text":"climate","start":4301.91,"end":4302.47},{"text":"envoy","start":4302.47,"end":4303.11},{"text":"from","start":4303.43,"end":4303.75},{"text":"France.","start":4303.75,"end":4304.55}]},{"text":"Over to you.","start":4304.63,"end":4305.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Over","start":4304.63,"end":4304.95},{"text":"to","start":4304.95,"end":4305.07},{"text":"you.","start":4305.07,"end":4305.27}]},{"text":"Thank 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Sorry for that.","start":4326.03,"end":4327.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Yeah.","start":4326.03,"end":4326.19},{"text":"Sorry","start":4326.51,"end":4326.75},{"text":"for","start":4326.75,"end":4326.87},{"text":"that.","start":4326.87,"end":4327.07}]},{"text":"I will try to be super short because I really agree with a lot of elements that have been presented in this conversation right now.","start":4327.31,"end":4334.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4327.31,"end":4327.55},{"text":"will","start":4327.55,"end":4327.71},{"text":"try","start":4327.71,"end":4327.87},{"text":"to","start":4327.87,"end":4328.19},{"text":"be","start":4328.19,"end":4328.31},{"text":"super","start":4328.31,"end":4328.55},{"text":"short","start":4328.55,"end":4328.75},{"text":"because","start":4328.75,"end":4328.99},{"text":"I","start":4328.99,"end":4329.07},{"text":"really","start":4329.07,"end":4329.31},{"text":"agree","start":4329.31,"end":4329.79},{"text":"with","start":4329.87,"end":4330.11},{"text":"a","start":4330.11,"end":4330.15},{"text":"lot","start":4330.15,"end":4330.39},{"text":"of","start":4330.39,"end":4330.67},{"text":"elements","start":4330.91,"end":4331.31},{"text":"that","start":4331.31,"end":4331.47},{"text":"have","start":4331.47,"end":4331.59},{"text":"been","start":4331.59,"end":4331.79},{"text":"presented","start":4331.79,"end":4332.35},{"text":"in","start":4333.39,"end":4333.63},{"text":"this","start":4333.63,"end":4333.87},{"text":"conversation","start":4333.87,"end":4334.43},{"text":"right","start":4334.43,"end":4334.67},{"text":"now.","start":4334.67,"end":4334.75}]},{"text":"I just want to say and to express France's deep solidarity with all those who are facing terrible impact of climate change this year and also to those who are bracing for impacts of this super El Nino year.","start":4334.75,"end":4349.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4334.75,"end":4334.91},{"text":"just","start":4334.99,"end":4335.31},{"text":"want","start":4335.31,"end":4335.59},{"text":"to","start":4335.59,"end":4335.95},{"text":"say","start":4335.95,"end":4336.27},{"text":"and","start":4336.27,"end":4336.39},{"text":"to","start":4336.39,"end":4336.47},{"text":"express","start":4336.47,"end":4336.99},{"text":"France's","start":4336.99,"end":4337.71},{"text":"deep","start":4337.87,"end":4338.19},{"text":"solidarity","start":4338.19,"end":4338.91},{"text":"with","start":4338.91,"end":4339.15},{"text":"all","start":4339.79,"end":4340.03},{"text":"those","start":4340.07,"end":4340.27},{"text":"who","start":4340.27,"end":4340.35},{"text":"are","start":4340.35,"end":4340.43},{"text":"facing","start":4340.43,"end":4340.99},{"text":"terrible","start":4340.99,"end":4341.39},{"text":"impact","start":4341.39,"end":4341.79},{"text":"of","start":4341.79,"end":4341.87},{"text":"climate","start":4341.87,"end":4342.23},{"text":"change","start":4342.23,"end":4342.51},{"text":"this","start":4342.51,"end":4342.75},{"text":"year","start":4342.75,"end":4343.07},{"text":"and","start":4343.07,"end":4343.31},{"text":"also","start":4344.67,"end":4344.99},{"text":"to","start":4344.99,"end":4345.15},{"text":"those","start":4345.19,"end":4345.39},{"text":"who","start":4345.39,"end":4345.47},{"text":"are","start":4345.47,"end":4345.55},{"text":"bracing","start":4345.55,"end":4346.03},{"text":"for","start":4346.03,"end":4346.23},{"text":"impacts","start":4346.23,"end":4346.83},{"text":"of","start":4346.83,"end":4347.15},{"text":"this","start":4347.71,"end":4347.91},{"text":"super","start":4347.91,"end":4348.35},{"text":"El","start":4348.35,"end":4348.43},{"text":"Nino","start":4348.43,"end":4348.91},{"text":"year.","start":4348.91,"end":4349.31}]},{"text":"And also to recognize the leadership of the UNSG team on this topic because it took a while, but people are finally recognizing that early warning system is not something that optional, it's almost a human right.","start":4350.99,"end":4367.07,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-systems","label":"Early Warning Systems","description":"Speakers repeatedly treated early warning systems as essential public infrastructure rather than short-term projects. 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The discussion highlighted feasibility studies, risk data, safeguards, investment structuring, and technical support to move from plans to implementation."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4690.99,"end":4691.07},{"text":"fully","start":4691.07,"end":4691.35},{"text":"support","start":4691.35,"end":4691.95},{"text":"the","start":4692.67,"end":4692.83},{"text":"remarks","start":4692.83,"end":4693.31},{"text":"of","start":4693.31,"end":4693.47},{"text":"the","start":4693.47,"end":4693.55},{"text":"Minister","start":4693.55,"end":4694.07},{"text":"of","start":4694.07,"end":4694.19},{"text":"Rwanda","start":4694.19,"end":4694.75},{"text":"It","start":4695.27,"end":4695.39},{"text":"is","start":4695.39,"end":4695.59},{"text":"really","start":4695.59,"end":4695.87},{"text":"important","start":4695.87,"end":4696.83},{"text":"to","start":4696.83,"end":4696.91},{"text":"provide","start":4697.19,"end":4697.67},{"text":"support","start":4697.67,"end":4698.23},{"text":"across","start":4698.23,"end":4698.71},{"text":"the","start":4698.71,"end":4698.79},{"text":"full","start":4698.79,"end":4699.11},{"text":"value","start":4699.11,"end":4699.51},{"text":"chain.","start":4699.51,"end":4699.99}]},{"text":"But what that means is that we also need to bring different institutions together and form different types of partnerships than what we have seen in the past, because different institutions operate and have a comparative advantage across different parts of this value chain.","start":4700.87,"end":4717.75,"topics":[{"key":"adaptation-pipelines","label":"Adaptation Pipelines and Project Preparation","description":"Many interventions stressed that countries often already know their adaptation priorities, but struggle to turn them into fundable programs. 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Many speakers called for more predictable, grant-based and concessional public finance, arguing that private instruments can complement but not replace it."}],"words":[{"text":"Adaptation","start":5478.67,"end":5479.23},{"text":"projects,","start":5479.23,"end":5479.95},{"text":"public","start":5480.03,"end":5480.39},{"text":"goods,","start":5480.39,"end":5480.71},{"text":"and","start":5480.71,"end":5480.87},{"text":"avoid","start":5480.87,"end":5481.15},{"text":"losses.","start":5481.15,"end":5481.87}]},{"text":"And that is the key here.","start":5482.43,"end":5483.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5482.43,"end":5482.51},{"text":"that","start":5482.51,"end":5482.71},{"text":"is","start":5482.71,"end":5482.83},{"text":"the","start":5482.83,"end":5482.91},{"text":"key","start":5482.95,"end":5483.43},{"text":"here.","start":5483.43,"end":5483.55}]},{"text":"In South Africa, a regional adaptation fund program across Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Eswatini is engaging commercial banks for smallholder agricultural loans and establishing payment schemes for ecosystem services.","start":5484.07,"end":5496.07,"topics":[{"key":"private-capital","label":"Private Capital for Adaptation","description":"Participants discussed how blended finance, guarantees, catalytic public funding, and better enabling conditions could attract more private investment into adaptation. 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Discussion focused on universal coverage, end-to-end systems, operations and maintenance, last-mile delivery, and linking warnings to preparedness and early action."},{"key":"adaptation-finance","label":"Adaptation Finance","description":"A major theme was the large gap between adaptation needs and current funding, especially for developing countries. 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Many speakers called for more predictable, grant-based and concessional public finance, arguing that private instruments can complement but not replace it."}],"words":[{"text":"We're","start":5566.31,"end":5566.59},{"text":"still","start":5566.59,"end":5566.79},{"text":"not","start":5566.79,"end":5566.99},{"text":"investing","start":5566.99,"end":5567.47},{"text":"the","start":5567.47,"end":5568.03},{"text":"$1","start":5568.03,"end":5568.07},{"text":"to","start":5568.07,"end":5568.19},{"text":"this","start":5568.19,"end":5568.39},{"text":"day.","start":5568.39,"end":5568.71}]},{"text":"Why?","start":5569.27,"end":5569.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Why?","start":5569.27,"end":5569.83}]},{"text":"Answer that question.","start":5570.31,"end":5571.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Answer","start":5570.31,"end":5570.63},{"text":"that","start":5570.63,"end":5570.75},{"text":"question.","start":5570.75,"end":5571.19}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Marcos 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it.","start":5583.75,"end":5588.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5583.75,"end":5583.83},{"text":"think","start":5583.83,"end":5584.07},{"text":"we","start":5584.07,"end":5584.19},{"text":"all","start":5584.19,"end":5584.39},{"text":"know","start":5584.39,"end":5584.71},{"text":"some","start":5585.19,"end":5585.43},{"text":"of","start":5585.43,"end":5585.51},{"text":"the","start":5585.51,"end":5585.59},{"text":"reasons","start":5585.59,"end":5585.99},{"text":"behind","start":5585.99,"end":5586.35},{"text":"that,","start":5586.35,"end":5586.55},{"text":"and","start":5586.55,"end":5586.95},{"text":"we","start":5586.95,"end":5587.27},{"text":"need","start":5587.27,"end":5587.51},{"text":"to","start":5587.51,"end":5587.59},{"text":"tackle","start":5587.59,"end":5587.99},{"text":"it.","start":5587.99,"end":5588.15}]},{"text":"Let me first turn to our first speaker, His Excellency Joao Paulo Cabobey Anku.","start":5589.03,"end":5598.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":5589.03,"end":5589.51},{"text":"me","start":5589.51,"end":5589.75},{"text":"first","start":5589.75,"end":5590.27},{"text":"turn","start":5590.27,"end":5590.55},{"text":"to","start":5590.55,"end":5591.11},{"text":"our","start":5591.11,"end":5591.27},{"text":"first","start":5591.27,"end":5591.47},{"text":"speaker,","start":5591.47,"end":5591.83},{"text":"His","start":5591.83,"end":5592.07},{"text":"Excellency","start":5592.07,"end":5593.03},{"text":"Joao","start":5593.67,"end":5594.87},{"text":"Paulo","start":5595.27,"end":5595.99},{"text":"Cabobey","start":5596.31,"end":5597.35},{"text":"Anku.","start":5597.47,"end":5598.15}]},{"text":"Minister of Environment of Brazil.","start":5599.07,"end":5601.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Minister","start":5599.07,"end":5599.47},{"text":"of","start":5599.47,"end":5599.55},{"text":"Environment","start":5599.55,"end":5600.31},{"text":"of","start":5600.31,"end":5600.55},{"text":"Brazil.","start":5600.55,"end":5601.43}]},{"text":"And if I could just remind everyone as we go into this session, please keep your remarks to under three minutes.","start":5601.43,"end":5606.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5601.43,"end":5601.75},{"text":"if","start":5601.75,"end":5601.91},{"text":"I","start":5601.91,"end":5601.99},{"text":"could","start":5601.99,"end":5602.19},{"text":"just","start":5602.19,"end":5602.39},{"text":"remind","start":5602.39,"end":5602.79},{"text":"everyone","start":5602.79,"end":5603.19},{"text":"as","start":5603.19,"end":5603.27},{"text":"we","start":5603.27,"end":5603.43},{"text":"go","start":5603.43,"end":5603.55},{"text":"into","start":5603.55,"end":5603.75},{"text":"this","start":5603.75,"end":5603.95},{"text":"session,","start":5603.95,"end":5604.23},{"text":"please","start":5604.23,"end":5604.55},{"text":"keep","start":5604.55,"end":5604.87},{"text":"your","start":5604.87,"end":5604.99},{"text":"remarks","start":5604.99,"end":5605.39},{"text":"to","start":5605.39,"end":5605.59},{"text":"under","start":5605.59,"end":5605.91},{"text":"three","start":5605.91,"end":5606.15},{"text":"minutes.","start":5606.15,"end":5606.63}]},{"text":"Thank you so much.","start":5606.63,"end":5607.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5606.63,"end":5606.95},{"text":"you","start":5606.95,"end":5607.11},{"text":"so","start":5607.43,"end":5607.59},{"text":"much.","start":5607.59,"end":5607.83}]},{"text":"Over to you, Your Excellency.","start":5607.83,"end":5609.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Over","start":5607.83,"end":5608.07},{"text":"to","start":5608.07,"end":5608.19},{"text":"you,","start":5608.19,"end":5608.31},{"text":"Your","start":5608.31,"end":5608.55},{"text":"Excellency.","start":5608.55,"end":5609.19}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Helen","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":17,"start":5620.02,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k12/k12bq5w81d?lang=en&t=1:33:41","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":5620.02,"end":5620.46,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5620.02,"end":5620.3},{"text":"you.","start":5620.3,"end":5620.46}]},{"text":"Excellencies, let me try to address these three closely connected questions you proposed.","start":5622.18,"end":5629.46,"topics":[{"key":"adaptation-pipelines","label":"Adaptation Pipelines and Project Preparation","description":"Many interventions stressed that countries often already know their adaptation priorities, but struggle to turn them into fundable programs. The discussion highlighted feasibility studies, risk data, safeguards, investment structuring, and technical support to move from plans to implementation."}],"words":[{"text":"Excellencies,","start":5622.18,"end":5623.18},{"text":"let","start":5624.06,"end":5624.26},{"text":"me","start":5624.26,"end":5624.42},{"text":"try","start":5624.42,"end":5624.86},{"text":"to","start":5624.86,"end":5625.06},{"text":"address","start":5625.06,"end":5625.9},{"text":"these","start":5626.38,"end":5626.7},{"text":"three","start":5626.7,"end":5627.02},{"text":"closely","start":5627.02,"end":5627.5},{"text":"connected","start":5627.5,"end":5628.14},{"text":"questions","start":5628.14,"end":5628.7},{"text":"you","start":5628.7,"end":5628.86},{"text":"proposed.","start":5628.86,"end":5629.46}]},{"text":"First, an adaptation priority becomes fundable when it's translated into clearly defined intervention supported by reliable data, measurable results, and implementing institution, and an appropriate financing structure.","start":5629.98,"end":5648.79,"topics":[{"key":"adaptation-pipelines","label":"Adaptation Pipelines and Project Preparation","description":"Many interventions stressed that countries often already know their adaptation priorities, but struggle to turn them into fundable programs. The discussion highlighted feasibility studies, risk data, safeguards, investment structuring, and technical support to move from plans to implementation."},{"key":"private-capital","label":"Private Capital for Adaptation","description":"Participants discussed how blended finance, guarantees, catalytic public funding, and better enabling conditions could attract more private investment into adaptation. At the same time, many warned that only some adaptation activities are commercially investable and that expectations for private finance must remain realistic."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":5629.98,"end":5630.62},{"text":"an","start":5630.82,"end":5630.94},{"text":"adaptation","start":5630.98,"end":5631.62},{"text":"priority","start":5631.62,"end":5632.26},{"text":"becomes","start":5632.26,"end":5632.7},{"text":"fundable","start":5633.02,"end":5633.74},{"text":"when","start":5634.35,"end":5634.55},{"text":"it's","start":5634.55,"end":5634.95},{"text":"translated","start":5634.95,"end":5635.75},{"text":"into","start":5635.75,"end":5636.07},{"text":"clearly","start":5636.07,"end":5636.63},{"text":"defined","start":5636.63,"end":5637.27},{"text":"intervention","start":5637.27,"end":5638.15},{"text":"supported","start":5638.71,"end":5639.43},{"text":"by","start":5639.43,"end":5639.67},{"text":"reliable","start":5639.67,"end":5640.55},{"text":"data,","start":5641.03,"end":5641.51},{"text":"measurable","start":5642.31,"end":5643.11},{"text":"results,","start":5643.11,"end":5643.99},{"text":"and","start":5644.11,"end":5644.23},{"text":"implementing","start":5644.23,"end":5644.83},{"text":"institution,","start":5644.83,"end":5645.75},{"text":"and","start":5645.99,"end":5646.39},{"text":"an","start":5646.75,"end":5646.87},{"text":"appropriate","start":5646.87,"end":5647.43},{"text":"financing","start":5647.43,"end":5648.07},{"text":"structure.","start":5648.07,"end":5648.79}]},{"text":"But not every adaptation investment is commercially bankable.","start":5649.67,"end":5654.07,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-systems","label":"Early Warning Systems","description":"Speakers repeatedly treated early warning systems as essential public infrastructure rather than short-term projects. Discussion focused on universal coverage, end-to-end systems, operations and maintenance, last-mile delivery, and linking warnings to preparedness and early action."},{"key":"adaptation-finance","label":"Adaptation Finance","description":"A major theme was the large gap between adaptation needs and current funding, especially for developing countries. Many speakers called for more predictable, grant-based and concessional public finance, arguing that private instruments can complement but not replace it."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":5649.67,"end":5649.91},{"text":"not","start":5649.91,"end":5650.23},{"text":"every","start":5650.39,"end":5650.79},{"text":"adaptation","start":5650.83,"end":5651.43},{"text":"investment","start":5651.43,"end":5652.23},{"text":"is","start":5652.31,"end":5652.55},{"text":"commercially","start":5652.55,"end":5653.27},{"text":"bankable.","start":5653.27,"end":5654.07}]},{"text":"Early warning systems, climate information, and local communities and ecosystem protection generate enormous value public value without necessarily generating financial returns.","start":5655.07,"end":5669.03,"topics":[{"key":"adaptation-finance","label":"Adaptation Finance","description":"A major theme was the large gap between adaptation needs and current funding, especially for developing countries. Many speakers called for more predictable, grant-based and concessional public finance, arguing that private instruments can complement but not replace it."}],"words":[{"text":"Early","start":5655.07,"end":5655.31},{"text":"warning","start":5655.51,"end":5656.07},{"text":"systems,","start":5656.07,"end":5656.87},{"text":"climate","start":5656.87,"end":5657.35},{"text":"information,","start":5657.35,"end":5658.23},{"text":"and","start":5658.27,"end":5658.47},{"text":"local","start":5658.47,"end":5658.95},{"text":"communities","start":5658.95,"end":5659.75},{"text":"and","start":5659.75,"end":5659.99},{"text":"ecosystem","start":5659.99,"end":5660.79},{"text":"protection","start":5660.79,"end":5661.43},{"text":"generate","start":5661.91,"end":5662.47},{"text":"enormous","start":5662.47,"end":5663.35},{"text":"value","start":5663.35,"end":5663.91},{"text":"public","start":5664.79,"end":5665.11},{"text":"value","start":5665.11,"end":5665.59},{"text":"without","start":5665.83,"end":5666.39},{"text":"necessarily","start":5666.39,"end":5667.03},{"text":"generating","start":5667.03,"end":5667.67},{"text":"financial","start":5667.67,"end":5668.27},{"text":"returns.","start":5668.27,"end":5669.03}]},{"text":"They require public budgets, grants, and concessional finance.","start":5669.43,"end":5674.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":5669.43,"end":5669.75},{"text":"require","start":5669.75,"end":5670.39},{"text":"public","start":5670.71,"end":5670.99},{"text":"budgets,","start":5671.03,"end":5671.67},{"text":"grants,","start":5671.67,"end":5672.31},{"text":"and","start":5672.39,"end":5672.79},{"text":"concessional","start":5672.79,"end":5673.35},{"text":"finance.","start":5673.35,"end":5674.07}]},{"text":"Today, the machinery often breaks down during project preparation.","start":5674.79,"end":5680.47,"topics":[{"key":"adaptation-pipelines","label":"Adaptation Pipelines and Project Preparation","description":"Many interventions stressed that countries often already know their adaptation priorities, but struggle to turn them into fundable programs. 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Jamaica.","start":6069.31,"end":6076.87,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'd","start":6069.31,"end":6069.51},{"text":"now","start":6069.51,"end":6069.75},{"text":"like","start":6069.75,"end":6069.99},{"text":"to","start":6069.99,"end":6070.07},{"text":"call","start":6070.07,"end":6070.35},{"text":"on","start":6070.35,"end":6070.47},{"text":"His","start":6070.47,"end":6070.79},{"text":"Excellency","start":6070.79,"end":6071.51},{"text":"Matthew","start":6071.51,"end":6071.99},{"text":"Samuda,","start":6071.99,"end":6072.63},{"text":"a","start":6072.79,"end":6072.87},{"text":"Minister","start":6072.87,"end":6073.51},{"text":"of","start":6073.51,"end":6073.67},{"text":"Water,","start":6073.67,"end":6074.07},{"text":"Environment","start":6074.07,"end":6074.63},{"text":"and","start":6074.63,"end":6074.75},{"text":"Climate","start":6074.75,"end":6075.35},{"text":"Change","start":6075.67,"end":6076.15},{"text":"of","start":6076.27,"end":6076.39},{"text":"Jamaica.","start":6076.39,"end":6076.87}]},{"text":"And again, a reminder to please everyone keep remarks brief and focused on the solutions.","start":6077.27,"end":6082.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6077.27,"end":6077.47},{"text":"again,","start":6077.47,"end":6077.75},{"text":"a","start":6077.75,"end":6077.79},{"text":"reminder","start":6077.79,"end":6078.31},{"text":"to","start":6078.31,"end":6078.47},{"text":"please","start":6078.47,"end":6078.87},{"text":"everyone","start":6078.87,"end":6079.19},{"text":"keep","start":6079.19,"end":6079.43},{"text":"remarks","start":6079.43,"end":6079.83},{"text":"brief","start":6079.83,"end":6080.31},{"text":"and","start":6080.39,"end":6080.71},{"text":"focused","start":6080.79,"end":6081.27},{"text":"on","start":6081.27,"end":6081.35},{"text":"the","start":6081.35,"end":6081.43},{"text":"solutions.","start":6081.43,"end":6082.03}]},{"text":"Thank 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experiencing the impact of overshoot.","start":6117.27,"end":6120.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We're","start":6117.27,"end":6117.55},{"text":"experiencing","start":6117.55,"end":6118.31},{"text":"the","start":6118.31,"end":6118.43},{"text":"impact","start":6118.43,"end":6118.95},{"text":"of","start":6119.43,"end":6119.59},{"text":"overshoot.","start":6119.59,"end":6120.15}]},{"text":"Now, the financial impact of that is extreme.","start":6120.95,"end":6123.67,"topics":[{"key":"loss-and-damage","label":"Loss and Damage Finance","description":"Several statements addressed the need for dedicated finance for response and recovery when climate impacts exceed adaptation limits. 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delegations.","start":6401.83,"end":6412.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You're","start":6401.83,"end":6401.95},{"text":"welcome,","start":6401.95,"end":6402.27},{"text":"Secretary-General,","start":6402.27,"end":6403.71},{"text":"Executive","start":6405.79,"end":6406.43},{"text":"Secretary","start":6406.51,"end":6407.15},{"text":"of","start":6407.99,"end":6408.11},{"text":"the","start":6408.11,"end":6408.23},{"text":"United","start":6408.23,"end":6408.91},{"text":"Nations","start":6408.91,"end":6409.39},{"text":"Framework","start":6409.39,"end":6409.83},{"text":"Convention,","start":6409.83,"end":6410.51},{"text":"ministers,","start":6410.51,"end":6410.99},{"text":"heads","start":6410.99,"end":6411.23},{"text":"of","start":6411.23,"end":6411.31},{"text":"delegations.","start":6411.31,"end":6412.03}]},{"text":"I would like to, first of all, thank you for the honor given to me to take the floor today on behalf of Senegal on the issue of adaptation.","start":6412.43,"end":6422.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6412.43,"end":6412.51},{"text":"would","start":6412.51,"end":6412.67},{"text":"like","start":6412.67,"end":6412.83},{"text":"to,","start":6412.83,"end":6413.23},{"text":"first","start":6413.23,"end":6413.63},{"text":"of","start":6413.63,"end":6413.75},{"text":"all,","start":6413.75,"end":6414.03},{"text":"thank","start":6414.75,"end":6415.07},{"text":"you","start":6415.07,"end":6415.31},{"text":"for","start":6415.47,"end":6415.79},{"text":"the","start":6415.79,"end":6415.95},{"text":"honor","start":6416.19,"end":6416.67},{"text":"given","start":6417.47,"end":6417.83},{"text":"to","start":6417.83,"end":6417.91},{"text":"me","start":6417.91,"end":6418.03},{"text":"to","start":6418.03,"end":6418.11},{"text":"take","start":6418.11,"end":6418.39},{"text":"the","start":6418.39,"end":6418.47},{"text":"floor","start":6418.47,"end":6418.75},{"text":"today","start":6418.75,"end":6419.23},{"text":"on","start":6419.23,"end":6419.39},{"text":"behalf","start":6419.39,"end":6419.71},{"text":"of","start":6419.71,"end":6419.79},{"text":"Senegal","start":6419.79,"end":6420.43},{"text":"on","start":6420.91,"end":6421.15},{"text":"the","start":6421.15,"end":6421.27},{"text":"issue","start":6421.27,"end":6421.51},{"text":"of","start":6421.51,"end":6421.63},{"text":"adaptation.","start":6421.63,"end":6422.27}]},{"text":"It gives us an opportunity to redefine our collective ambition facing the crisis that is increasingly intensifying.","start":6423.75,"end":6432.07,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":6423.75,"end":6423.83},{"text":"gives","start":6423.83,"end":6424.03},{"text":"us","start":6424.03,"end":6424.19},{"text":"an","start":6424.19,"end":6424.35},{"text":"opportunity","start":6424.35,"end":6425.35},{"text":"to","start":6425.35,"end":6425.59},{"text":"redefine","start":6425.59,"end":6426.63},{"text":"our","start":6426.63,"end":6426.87},{"text":"collective","start":6426.87,"end":6427.51},{"text":"ambition","start":6427.51,"end":6428.23},{"text":"facing","start":6428.55,"end":6429.27},{"text":"the","start":6429.27,"end":6429.47},{"text":"crisis","start":6429.47,"end":6430.07},{"text":"that","start":6430.07,"end":6430.31},{"text":"is","start":6430.31,"end":6430.47},{"text":"increasingly","start":6430.47,"end":6431.19},{"text":"intensifying.","start":6431.19,"end":6432.07}]},{"text":"Ladies and gentlemen, for us in Senegal, from our coasts which are eroded down to our droughts, salinization, adaptation is not a strategic option.","start":6432.31,"end":6446.71,"topics":[{"key":"country-led-adaptation","label":"Country-Led Adaptation","description":"Several speakers emphasized that adaptation must remain nationally determined, aligned with local realities, and shaped by communities and domestic institutions. They criticized donor-driven or fragmented approaches and called for finance to support national plans, budgets, and direct access mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"Ladies","start":6432.31,"end":6432.67},{"text":"and","start":6432.67,"end":6432.79},{"text":"gentlemen,","start":6432.79,"end":6433.19},{"text":"for","start":6433.19,"end":6433.39},{"text":"us","start":6433.39,"end":6433.51},{"text":"in","start":6433.51,"end":6433.67},{"text":"Senegal,","start":6433.67,"end":6434.47},{"text":"from","start":6435.03,"end":6435.35},{"text":"our","start":6435.35,"end":6435.91},{"text":"coasts","start":6436.07,"end":6436.63},{"text":"which","start":6436.63,"end":6436.95},{"text":"are","start":6437.03,"end":6437.51},{"text":"eroded","start":6437.51,"end":6438.47},{"text":"down","start":6439.03,"end":6439.51},{"text":"to","start":6439.51,"end":6440.07},{"text":"our","start":6440.23,"end":6440.79},{"text":"droughts,","start":6440.95,"end":6441.91},{"text":"salinization,","start":6442.15,"end":6443.43},{"text":"adaptation","start":6443.99,"end":6444.79},{"text":"is","start":6444.79,"end":6445.03},{"text":"not","start":6445.03,"end":6445.35},{"text":"a","start":6445.35,"end":6445.39},{"text":"strategic","start":6445.39,"end":6445.99},{"text":"option.","start":6445.99,"end":6446.71}]},{"text":"It's an issue of national survival.","start":6446.71,"end":6449.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It's","start":6446.71,"end":6447.11},{"text":"an","start":6447.11,"end":6447.35},{"text":"issue","start":6447.35,"end":6447.83},{"text":"of","start":6447.83,"end":6447.99},{"text":"national","start":6447.99,"end":6448.47},{"text":"survival.","start":6448.47,"end":6449.27}]},{"text":"We urgently need to move to action and this requires means.","start":6450.47,"end":6455.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6450.47,"end":6450.59},{"text":"urgently","start":6450.59,"end":6451.35},{"text":"need","start":6451.35,"end":6451.71},{"text":"to","start":6451.71,"end":6451.91},{"text":"move","start":6451.91,"end":6452.39},{"text":"to","start":6452.39,"end":6452.63},{"text":"action","start":6452.63,"end":6453.35},{"text":"and","start":6453.35,"end":6453.63},{"text":"this","start":6453.63,"end":6453.83},{"text":"requires","start":6453.83,"end":6454.87},{"text":"means.","start":6455.11,"end":6455.99}]},{"text":"Our adaptation efforts were defined in our national contribution and national adaptation plan and this requires effective implementation.","start":6455.99,"end":6468.55,"topics":[{"key":"country-led-adaptation","label":"Country-Led Adaptation","description":"Several speakers emphasized that adaptation must remain nationally determined, aligned with local realities, and shaped by communities and domestic institutions. 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Many speakers called for more predictable, grant-based and concessional public finance, arguing that private instruments can complement but not replace it."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6500.83,"end":6500.99},{"text":"thirdly,","start":6500.99,"end":6501.63},{"text":"We","start":6502.31,"end":6502.91},{"text":"need","start":6502.91,"end":6503.71},{"text":"to","start":6503.71,"end":6504.91},{"text":"have","start":6504.91,"end":6505.39},{"text":"a","start":6505.47,"end":6505.51},{"text":"package","start":6505.51,"end":6506.31},{"text":"which","start":6506.31,"end":6506.67},{"text":"combines","start":6506.67,"end":6507.63},{"text":"the","start":6507.63,"end":6507.95},{"text":"public","start":6508.43,"end":6508.99},{"text":"resource,","start":6508.99,"end":6509.55},{"text":"conventional","start":6509.55,"end":6510.19},{"text":"financing,","start":6510.19,"end":6511.15},{"text":"climate","start":6511.39,"end":6511.95},{"text":"funds","start":6511.95,"end":6512.31},{"text":"and","start":6512.31,"end":6512.43},{"text":"private","start":6512.43,"end":6512.83},{"text":"investment.","start":6512.83,"end":6513.47}]},{"text":"Fourthly, you need to have clear governance.","start":6513.47,"end":6516.83,"topics":[{"key":"adaptation-pipelines","label":"Adaptation Pipelines and Project Preparation","description":"Many interventions stressed that countries often already know their adaptation priorities, but struggle to turn them into fundable programs. 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Senegal.","start":6697.15,"end":6700.47,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6697.15,"end":6697.35},{"text":"you","start":6697.35,"end":6697.43},{"text":"very","start":6697.43,"end":6697.67},{"text":"much","start":6697.67,"end":6697.83},{"text":"for","start":6697.83,"end":6697.99},{"text":"sharing","start":6697.99,"end":6698.47},{"text":"that","start":6698.47,"end":6698.59},{"text":"experience","start":6698.59,"end":6699.31},{"text":"in","start":6699.31,"end":6699.51},{"text":"Senegal.","start":6699.67,"end":6700.47}]},{"text":"For the following speakers, I'm going to have to ask you to cut the remarks to two minutes maximum, and I will need to be 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do apologize, but we want to get to the third session today, which is one of these three critical pillars that need to work 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I'd like to pass to Dr. Francesco Covaro, Special Envoy for Climate Change of Italy.","start":6717.91,"end":6724.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":6717.91,"end":6718.07},{"text":"I'd","start":6718.07,"end":6718.27},{"text":"like","start":6718.27,"end":6718.39},{"text":"to","start":6718.39,"end":6718.47},{"text":"pass","start":6718.47,"end":6718.79},{"text":"to","start":6718.79,"end":6719.03},{"text":"Dr.","start":6719.03,"end":6719.39},{"text":"Francesco","start":6719.39,"end":6720.07},{"text":"Covaro,","start":6720.07,"end":6720.95},{"text":"Special","start":6721.51,"end":6721.99},{"text":"Envoy","start":6721.99,"end":6722.39},{"text":"for","start":6722.39,"end":6722.55},{"text":"Climate","start":6722.55,"end":6723.19},{"text":"Change","start":6723.43,"end":6723.91},{"text":"of","start":6723.95,"end":6724.07},{"text":"Italy.","start":6724.07,"end":6724.55}]},{"text":"Thank 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this is where we can leverage private finance, do more work, and make the sovereign investment case for what economic value can be derived from resilience investments.","start":7430.31,"end":7440.07,"topics":[{"key":"private-capital","label":"Private Capital for Adaptation","description":"Participants discussed how blended finance, guarantees, catalytic public funding, and better enabling conditions could attract more private investment into adaptation. 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I close by saying that the needs are clear, the solutions exist, and it's time to put these lessons to work 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The discussion highlighted feasibility studies, risk data, safeguards, investment structuring, and technical support to move from plans to implementation."}],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7665.15,"end":7665.39},{"text":"you,","start":7665.39,"end":7665.47},{"text":"Madam","start":7665.47,"end":7665.79},{"text":"Moderator,","start":7665.87,"end":7666.67},{"text":"and","start":7666.67,"end":7666.99},{"text":"thank","start":7667.07,"end":7667.39},{"text":"you","start":7667.39,"end":7667.51},{"text":"to","start":7667.51,"end":7667.79},{"text":"the","start":7667.79,"end":7667.91},{"text":"Secretary-General's","start":7667.95,"end":7668.95},{"text":"Climate","start":7668.95,"end":7669.23},{"text":"Action","start":7669.23,"end":7669.55},{"text":"Team","start":7669.55,"end":7669.79},{"text":"for","start":7669.79,"end":7670.27},{"text":"bringing","start":7670.35,"end":7670.75},{"text":"together","start":7670.75,"end":7671.23},{"text":"governments,","start":7671.47,"end":7672.11},{"text":"climate","start":7672.11,"end":7672.51},{"text":"funds,","start":7672.51,"end":7672.91},{"text":"development","start":7673.63,"end":7674.07},{"text":"banks,","start":7674.07,"end":7674.35},{"text":"and","start":7674.35,"end":7674.51},{"text":"financial","start":7674.51,"end":7674.91},{"text":"institutions","start":7674.91,"end":7675.63},{"text":"focus","start":7676.83,"end":7677.15},{"text":"on","start":7677.15,"end":7677.47},{"text":"implementation","start":7677.47,"end":7678.19},{"text":"and","start":7678.19,"end":7678.31},{"text":"delivery.","start":7678.31,"end":7678.83}]},{"text":"The central question really is how to finance adaptation and resilience at scale and speed that's required.","start":7679.47,"end":7686.27,"topics":[{"key":"adaptation-finance","label":"Adaptation Finance","description":"A major theme was the large gap between adaptation needs and current funding, especially for developing countries. Many speakers called for more predictable, grant-based and concessional public finance, arguing that private instruments can complement but not replace it."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7679.47,"end":7679.59},{"text":"central","start":7679.59,"end":7679.95},{"text":"question","start":7679.95,"end":7680.35},{"text":"really","start":7680.35,"end":7680.71},{"text":"is","start":7680.71,"end":7680.91},{"text":"how","start":7681.23,"end":7681.47},{"text":"to","start":7681.47,"end":7681.71},{"text":"finance","start":7681.71,"end":7682.27},{"text":"adaptation","start":7682.27,"end":7682.83},{"text":"and","start":7682.83,"end":7682.95},{"text":"resilience","start":7682.95,"end":7683.55},{"text":"at","start":7683.55,"end":7683.67},{"text":"scale","start":7683.67,"end":7684.27},{"text":"and","start":7684.59,"end":7684.91},{"text":"speed","start":7684.91,"end":7685.31},{"text":"that's","start":7685.31,"end":7685.63},{"text":"required.","start":7685.63,"end":7686.27}]},{"text":"Developing countries face growing climate impacts while at the same time facing needs to finance development, infrastructure, energy access, and economic transformation.","start":7686.75,"end":7695.87,"topics":[{"key":"financial-architecture","label":"International Financial Architecture Reform","description":"Speakers called for reforms to multilateral development banks, climate funds, and broader financial rules so countries can access finance more quickly and affordably. Key ideas included lower borrowing costs, longer maturities, local-currency finance, guarantees, debt clauses, debt swaps, and simpler approval processes."},{"key":"adaptation-finance","label":"Adaptation Finance","description":"A major theme was the large gap between adaptation needs and current funding, especially for developing countries. Many speakers called for more predictable, grant-based and concessional public finance, arguing that private instruments can complement but not replace it."}],"words":[{"text":"Developing","start":7686.75,"end":7687.23},{"text":"countries","start":7687.23,"end":7687.63},{"text":"face","start":7687.63,"end":7688.03},{"text":"growing","start":7688.03,"end":7688.43},{"text":"climate","start":7688.43,"end":7688.83},{"text":"impacts","start":7688.83,"end":7689.31},{"text":"while","start":7689.31,"end":7689.79},{"text":"at","start":7689.79,"end":7689.87},{"text":"the","start":7689.87,"end":7689.99},{"text":"same","start":7689.99,"end":7690.27},{"text":"time","start":7690.27,"end":7690.67},{"text":"facing","start":7690.75,"end":7691.03},{"text":"needs","start":7691.03,"end":7691.23},{"text":"to","start":7691.23,"end":7691.35},{"text":"finance","start":7691.35,"end":7691.71},{"text":"development,","start":7691.71,"end":7692.27},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":7692.27,"end":7693.23},{"text":"energy","start":7693.71,"end":7694.07},{"text":"access,","start":7694.07,"end":7694.43},{"text":"and","start":7694.43,"end":7694.59},{"text":"economic","start":7694.59,"end":7695.03},{"text":"transformation.","start":7695.03,"end":7695.87}]},{"text":"Yet many vulnerable countries continue to face high borrowing costs, debt constraints, and limited access to affordable finance.","start":7696.75,"end":7704.83,"topics":[{"key":"financial-architecture","label":"International Financial Architecture Reform","description":"Speakers called for reforms to multilateral development banks, climate funds, and broader financial rules so countries can access finance more quickly and affordably. Key ideas included lower borrowing costs, longer maturities, local-currency finance, guarantees, debt clauses, debt swaps, and simpler approval processes."},{"key":"adaptation-finance","label":"Adaptation Finance","description":"A major theme was the large gap between adaptation needs and current funding, especially for developing countries. 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Many speakers called for more predictable, grant-based and concessional public finance, arguing that private instruments can complement but not replace it."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7705.99,"end":7706.03},{"text":"Adaptation","start":7706.03,"end":7706.55},{"text":"Fund's","start":7706.55,"end":7706.87},{"text":"grant-based","start":7706.95,"end":7707.55},{"text":"model","start":7707.55,"end":7707.99},{"text":"is","start":7708.07,"end":7708.23},{"text":"therefore","start":7708.23,"end":7708.63},{"text":"critically","start":7708.63,"end":7709.07},{"text":"important.","start":7709.07,"end":7709.67}]},{"text":"Adaptation needs are estimated at 310 to 365 billion US dollars annually by 2035 and will increase with climate overshoot, while available finance remains far below that level.","start":7710.07,"end":7724.23,"topics":[{"key":"adaptation-finance","label":"Adaptation Finance","description":"A major theme was the large gap between adaptation needs and current funding, especially for developing countries. Many speakers called for more predictable, grant-based and concessional public finance, arguing that private instruments can complement but not replace it."}],"words":[{"text":"Adaptation","start":7710.07,"end":7710.55},{"text":"needs","start":7710.55,"end":7710.79},{"text":"are","start":7710.79,"end":7711.11},{"text":"estimated","start":7711.19,"end":7711.75},{"text":"at","start":7711.75,"end":7711.99},{"text":"310","start":7712.39,"end":7713.11},{"text":"to","start":7713.11,"end":7713.27},{"text":"365","start":7713.27,"end":7714.23},{"text":"billion","start":7714.23,"end":7714.55},{"text":"US","start":7714.63,"end":7714.79},{"text":"dollars","start":7714.79,"end":7715.19},{"text":"annually","start":7715.43,"end":7715.99},{"text":"by","start":7716.39,"end":7716.55},{"text":"2035","start":7716.55,"end":7717.51},{"text":"and","start":7718.07,"end":7718.27},{"text":"will","start":7718.27,"end":7718.47},{"text":"increase","start":7718.47,"end":7719.27},{"text":"with","start":7719.27,"end":7719.47},{"text":"climate","start":7719.47,"end":7719.91},{"text":"overshoot,","start":7719.91,"end":7720.47},{"text":"while","start":7720.79,"end":7721.27},{"text":"available","start":7721.35,"end":7721.83},{"text":"finance","start":7721.83,"end":7722.55},{"text":"remains","start":7722.63,"end":7723.11},{"text":"far","start":7723.11,"end":7723.35},{"text":"below","start":7723.35,"end":7723.63},{"text":"that","start":7723.63,"end":7723.83},{"text":"level.","start":7723.83,"end":7724.23}]},{"text":"The Adaptation Fund's continued shortfall against its own $300 million annual resource mobilization target underscores the need to strengthen the mechanisms that are proven and that deliver.","start":7724.71,"end":7737.99,"topics":[{"key":"adaptation-finance","label":"Adaptation Finance","description":"A major theme was the large gap between adaptation needs and current funding, especially for developing countries. 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The discussion highlighted feasibility studies, risk data, safeguards, investment structuring, and technical support to move from plans to implementation."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":7738.39,"end":7738.59},{"text":"what","start":7738.59,"end":7738.83},{"text":"turns","start":7738.83,"end":7739.27},{"text":"an","start":7739.39,"end":7739.55},{"text":"adaptation","start":7739.55,"end":7740.03},{"text":"priority","start":7740.03,"end":7740.43},{"text":"into","start":7740.43,"end":7740.67},{"text":"a","start":7740.67,"end":7740.71},{"text":"fundable","start":7740.71,"end":7741.07},{"text":"project?","start":7741.07,"end":7741.67}]},{"text":"Many countries already have clear plans and investment priorities.","start":7741.91,"end":7745.43,"topics":[{"key":"adaptation-pipelines","label":"Adaptation Pipelines and Project Preparation","description":"Many interventions stressed that countries often already know their adaptation priorities, but struggle to turn them into fundable programs. The discussion highlighted feasibility studies, risk data, safeguards, investment structuring, and technical support to move from plans to implementation."}],"words":[{"text":"Many","start":7741.91,"end":7742.11},{"text":"countries","start":7742.11,"end":7742.47},{"text":"already","start":7742.47,"end":7742.79},{"text":"have","start":7742.79,"end":7743.19},{"text":"clear","start":7743.19,"end":7743.55},{"text":"plans","start":7743.55,"end":7743.91},{"text":"and","start":7743.91,"end":7744.03},{"text":"investment","start":7744.03,"end":7744.59},{"text":"priorities.","start":7744.59,"end":7745.43}]},{"text":"The challenge is implementation.","start":7745.67,"end":7747.43,"topics":[{"key":"adaptation-pipelines","label":"Adaptation Pipelines and Project Preparation","description":"Many interventions stressed that countries often already know their adaptation priorities, but struggle to turn them into fundable programs. The discussion highlighted feasibility studies, risk data, safeguards, investment structuring, and technical support to move from plans to implementation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7745.67,"end":7745.83},{"text":"challenge","start":7745.83,"end":7746.23},{"text":"is","start":7746.23,"end":7746.47},{"text":"implementation.","start":7746.47,"end":7747.43}]},{"text":"Financeable projects require adequate preparation, sound data, the ability to aggregate interventions, and appropriate risk allocation.","start":7747.85,"end":7756.65,"topics":[{"key":"adaptation-pipelines","label":"Adaptation Pipelines and Project Preparation","description":"Many interventions stressed that countries often already know their adaptation priorities, but struggle to turn them into fundable programs. The discussion highlighted feasibility studies, risk data, safeguards, investment structuring, and technical support to move from plans to implementation."}],"words":[{"text":"Financeable","start":7747.85,"end":7748.65},{"text":"projects","start":7748.73,"end":7749.29},{"text":"require","start":7749.29,"end":7749.77},{"text":"adequate","start":7749.77,"end":7750.17},{"text":"preparation,","start":7750.17,"end":7750.97},{"text":"sound","start":7751.21,"end":7751.65},{"text":"data,","start":7751.65,"end":7752.17},{"text":"the","start":7752.33,"end":7752.45},{"text":"ability","start":7752.45,"end":7752.81},{"text":"to","start":7752.81,"end":7752.93},{"text":"aggregate","start":7752.93,"end":7753.45},{"text":"interventions,","start":7753.45,"end":7754.25},{"text":"and","start":7754.41,"end":7754.65},{"text":"appropriate","start":7754.65,"end":7755.37},{"text":"risk","start":7755.45,"end":7755.85},{"text":"allocation.","start":7755.85,"end":7756.65}]},{"text":"Readiness support, project preparation, and institutional strengthening are therefore essential.","start":7757.13,"end":7762.17,"topics":[{"key":"adaptation-pipelines","label":"Adaptation Pipelines and Project Preparation","description":"Many interventions stressed that countries often already know their adaptation priorities, but struggle to turn them into fundable programs. 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They criticized donor-driven or fragmented approaches and called for finance to support national plans, budgets, and direct access mechanisms."},{"key":"adaptation-pipelines","label":"Adaptation Pipelines and Project Preparation","description":"Many interventions stressed that countries often already know their adaptation priorities, but struggle to turn them into fundable programs. The discussion highlighted feasibility studies, risk data, safeguards, investment structuring, and technical support to move from plans to implementation."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7787.05,"end":7787.25},{"text":"should","start":7787.25,"end":7787.61},{"text":"move","start":7787.85,"end":7788.25},{"text":"toward","start":7788.25,"end":7788.73},{"text":"country-led","start":7788.73,"end":7789.37},{"text":"investment","start":7789.37,"end":7789.97},{"text":"platforms,","start":7789.97,"end":7790.73},{"text":"combining","start":7790.97,"end":7791.45},{"text":"grants,","start":7791.45,"end":7792.01},{"text":"concessional","start":7792.25,"end":7792.89},{"text":"finance,","start":7792.89,"end":7793.29},{"text":"technical","start":7793.29,"end":7793.73},{"text":"assistance","start":7793.73,"end":7794.33},{"text":"and","start":7794.49,"end":7794.69},{"text":"larger","start":7794.69,"end":7794.97},{"text":"scale","start":7794.97,"end":7795.25},{"text":"investment","start":7795.25,"end":7795.93},{"text":"around","start":7796.09,"end":7796.57},{"text":"national","start":7796.65,"end":7797.13},{"text":"priorities","start":7797.13,"end":7798.01},{"text":"and","start":7798.17,"end":7798.29},{"text":"through","start":7798.29,"end":7798.49},{"text":"direct","start":7798.49,"end":7798.85},{"text":"access.","start":7798.85,"end":7799.29}]},{"text":"Let me conclude with three recommendations.","start":7799.93,"end":7802.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":7799.93,"end":7800.09},{"text":"me","start":7800.09,"end":7800.25},{"text":"conclude","start":7800.25,"end":7800.73},{"text":"with","start":7800.73,"end":7801.13},{"text":"three","start":7801.13,"end":7801.37},{"text":"recommendations.","start":7801.37,"end":7802.33}]},{"text":"One, to strengthen coherence around country-led priorities.","start":7802.73,"end":7807.93,"topics":[{"key":"country-led-adaptation","label":"Country-Led Adaptation","description":"Several speakers emphasized that adaptation must remain nationally determined, aligned with local realities, and shaped by communities and domestic institutions. They criticized donor-driven or fragmented approaches and called for finance to support national plans, budgets, and direct access mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"One,","start":7802.73,"end":7803.21},{"text":"to","start":7803.93,"end":7804.17},{"text":"strengthen","start":7804.89,"end":7805.61},{"text":"coherence","start":7805.69,"end":7806.25},{"text":"around","start":7806.25,"end":7806.61},{"text":"country-led","start":7806.61,"end":7807.09},{"text":"priorities.","start":7807.09,"end":7807.93}]},{"text":"Second, invest in project preparation, institutional capacity and implementation.","start":7808.17,"end":7812.33,"topics":[{"key":"adaptation-pipelines","label":"Adaptation Pipelines and Project Preparation","description":"Many interventions stressed that countries often already know their adaptation priorities, but struggle to turn them into fundable programs. 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now love to pass to my colleague, Jorge Gastelum, who is the senior director of the Atlantic Council for Climate Resilience Center, to take us forward into the third 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we do so, I will note again, please keep remarks short.","start":8224.97,"end":8228.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":8224.97,"end":8225.21},{"text":"we","start":8225.21,"end":8225.33},{"text":"do","start":8225.33,"end":8225.53},{"text":"so,","start":8225.53,"end":8225.69},{"text":"I","start":8225.69,"end":8225.85},{"text":"will","start":8225.85,"end":8226.09},{"text":"note","start":8226.09,"end":8226.33},{"text":"again,","start":8226.33,"end":8226.73},{"text":"please","start":8226.73,"end":8226.97},{"text":"keep","start":8226.97,"end":8227.29},{"text":"remarks","start":8228.01,"end":8228.45},{"text":"short.","start":8228.45,"end":8228.89}]},{"text":"We are going to be losing interpretation at this point, but we'll be able to continue for a bit longer to share the experience of others in the third 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Your Excellencies, distinguished delegates and esteemed colleagues, we have a problem, we have a 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already overshoot in time.","start":8253.97,"end":8255.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8253.97,"end":8254.21},{"text":"already","start":8254.21,"end":8254.69},{"text":"overshoot","start":8254.69,"end":8255.17},{"text":"in","start":8255.17,"end":8255.29},{"text":"time.","start":8255.29,"end":8255.65}]},{"text":"And I don't want to bring levity to this because it's a very important issue, but I really plead you if we can keep very short interventions directly into what we're meant to be 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we have discussed how countries can anticipate risk, one, session one.","start":8267.17,"end":8274.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":8267.17,"end":8267.29},{"text":"we","start":8267.29,"end":8267.49},{"text":"have","start":8267.49,"end":8267.61},{"text":"discussed","start":8267.61,"end":8268.25},{"text":"how","start":8269.13,"end":8269.53},{"text":"countries","start":8270.73,"end":8271.37},{"text":"can","start":8271.37,"end":8271.49},{"text":"anticipate","start":8271.49,"end":8271.93},{"text":"risk,","start":8271.93,"end":8272.25},{"text":"one,","start":8272.65,"end":8272.97},{"text":"session","start":8273.37,"end":8273.73},{"text":"one.","start":8273.73,"end":8274.01}]},{"text":"We have discussed how to identify what must be delivered and the needs, session two, segment 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this is critical, as my father and several have said before, we need to rethink the way we engage to 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it's not anymore a choice, it has to, it's a must.","start":8339.81,"end":8344.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":8339.81,"end":8340.13},{"text":"it's","start":8340.61,"end":8340.85},{"text":"not","start":8340.85,"end":8341.13},{"text":"anymore","start":8341.13,"end":8341.85},{"text":"a","start":8341.85,"end":8341.89},{"text":"choice,","start":8341.89,"end":8342.25},{"text":"it","start":8342.25,"end":8342.37},{"text":"has","start":8342.37,"end":8342.49},{"text":"to,","start":8342.49,"end":8342.57},{"text":"it's","start":8343.65,"end":8344.13},{"text":"a","start":8344.29,"end":8344.37},{"text":"must.","start":8344.37,"end":8344.77}]},{"text":"So with that, let me open up the interventions, keep them very targeted to this question, how the existing toolbox can meet the test for the countries that need it the 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will pass it now to His Excellency Stephen Victor, Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Environment of Palau.","start":8357.25,"end":8362.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8357.25,"end":8357.41},{"text":"will","start":8357.41,"end":8357.65},{"text":"pass","start":8357.65,"end":8357.89},{"text":"it","start":8357.89,"end":8357.97},{"text":"now","start":8357.97,"end":8358.13},{"text":"to","start":8358.13,"end":8358.21},{"text":"His","start":8358.29,"end":8358.53},{"text":"Excellency","start":8358.53,"end":8359.09},{"text":"Stephen","start":8359.09,"end":8359.37},{"text":"Victor,","start":8359.37,"end":8359.89},{"text":"Minister","start":8359.89,"end":8360.41},{"text":"of","start":8360.41,"end":8360.49},{"text":"Agriculture,","start":8360.49,"end":8361.09},{"text":"Fisheries,","start":8361.09,"end":8361.61},{"text":"and","start":8361.61,"end":8361.73},{"text":"Environment","start":8361.73,"end":8362.29},{"text":"of","start":8362.29,"end":8362.37},{"text":"Palau.","start":8362.37,"end":8362.77}]},{"text":"The floor is 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gentlemen.","start":8525.97,"end":8529.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8525.97,"end":8526.21},{"text":"you,","start":8526.21,"end":8526.29},{"text":"Chair,","start":8526.29,"end":8526.69},{"text":"Excellencies,","start":8526.85,"end":8527.57},{"text":"fellow","start":8527.57,"end":8527.81},{"text":"ministers,","start":8527.81,"end":8528.21},{"text":"ladies","start":8528.21,"end":8528.49},{"text":"and","start":8528.49,"end":8528.65},{"text":"gentlemen.","start":8528.65,"end":8529.25}]},{"text":"I'm glad to be joining you today to discuss this critical issue.","start":8529.69,"end":8533.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'm","start":8529.69,"end":8529.89},{"text":"glad","start":8529.89,"end":8530.13},{"text":"to","start":8530.13,"end":8530.21},{"text":"be","start":8530.21,"end":8530.33},{"text":"joining","start":8530.33,"end":8530.97},{"text":"you","start":8531.13,"end":8531.45},{"text":"today","start":8531.45,"end":8531.93},{"text":"to","start":8531.93,"end":8532.09},{"text":"discuss","start":8532.09,"end":8532.57},{"text":"this","start":8532.57,"end":8532.81},{"text":"critical","start":8532.81,"end":8533.21},{"text":"issue.","start":8533.21,"end":8533.61}]},{"text":"Let me say one thing upfront.","start":8534.05,"end":8536.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":8534.05,"end":8534.25},{"text":"me","start":8534.25,"end":8534.41},{"text":"say","start":8534.41,"end":8534.81},{"text":"one","start":8534.81,"end":8535.29},{"text":"thing","start":8535.29,"end":8535.77},{"text":"upfront.","start":8536.49,"end":8536.97}]},{"text":"The best form of adaptation is prevention.","start":8537.69,"end":8540.73,"topics":[{"key":"country-led-adaptation","label":"Country-Led Adaptation","description":"Several speakers emphasized that adaptation must remain nationally determined, aligned with local realities, and shaped by communities and domestic institutions. They criticized donor-driven or fragmented approaches and called for finance to support national plans, budgets, and direct access mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8537.69,"end":8537.85},{"text":"best","start":8537.85,"end":8538.13},{"text":"form","start":8538.13,"end":8538.49},{"text":"of","start":8538.49,"end":8538.65},{"text":"adaptation","start":8538.65,"end":8539.69},{"text":"is","start":8539.69,"end":8540.09},{"text":"prevention.","start":8540.09,"end":8540.73}]},{"text":"Transitioning away from fossil fuel is the single most important thing we can do to make adaptation possible and ultimately to save money.","start":8541.45,"end":8551.21,"topics":[{"key":"country-led-adaptation","label":"Country-Led Adaptation","description":"Several speakers emphasized that adaptation must remain nationally determined, aligned with local realities, and shaped by communities and domestic institutions. 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They criticized donor-driven or fragmented approaches and called for finance to support national plans, budgets, and direct access mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8639.17,"end":8639.25},{"text":"has","start":8639.25,"end":8639.49},{"text":"a","start":8639.49,"end":8639.53},{"text":"strong","start":8639.57,"end":8639.85},{"text":"governance","start":8639.85,"end":8640.33},{"text":"arrangement,","start":8640.33,"end":8640.97},{"text":"and","start":8641.45,"end":8641.61},{"text":"we","start":8641.61,"end":8641.77},{"text":"are","start":8641.77,"end":8641.93},{"text":"seeding","start":8641.93,"end":8642.41},{"text":"it","start":8642.41,"end":8642.65},{"text":"with","start":8642.65,"end":8642.81},{"text":"our","start":8642.81,"end":8642.97},{"text":"own","start":8642.97,"end":8643.17},{"text":"national","start":8643.17,"end":8643.69},{"text":"resources.","start":8644.73,"end":8645.61}]},{"text":"Please consider this invitation.","start":8646.41,"end":8649.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Please","start":8646.41,"end":8646.69},{"text":"consider","start":8646.69,"end":8647.57},{"text":"this","start":8647.57,"end":8647.81},{"text":"invitation.","start":8647.81,"end":8649.09}]},{"text":"We welcome the opportunity to speak with any partner interested in supporting MIRA.","start":8649.09,"end":8655.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8649.09,"end":8649.17},{"text":"welcome","start":8649.25,"end":8649.81},{"text":"the","start":8649.81,"end":8650.01},{"text":"opportunity","start":8650.01,"end":8650.61},{"text":"to","start":8650.93,"end":8651.05},{"text":"speak","start":8651.09,"end":8651.41},{"text":"with","start":8651.41,"end":8651.57},{"text":"any","start":8651.57,"end":8651.81},{"text":"partner","start":8651.81,"end":8652.21},{"text":"interested","start":8652.21,"end":8652.85},{"text":"in","start":8652.85,"end":8653.17},{"text":"supporting","start":8653.17,"end":8653.81},{"text":"MIRA.","start":8654.45,"end":8655.01}]},{"text":"Because the reality is simple.","start":8655.89,"end":8657.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Because","start":8655.89,"end":8656.21},{"text":"the","start":8656.21,"end":8656.29},{"text":"reality","start":8656.29,"end":8656.93},{"text":"is","start":8656.93,"end":8657.09},{"text":"simple.","start":8657.09,"end":8657.49}]},{"text":"No one understands how to adapt to our islands better than our own communities.","start":8658.21,"end":8664.37,"topics":[{"key":"country-led-adaptation","label":"Country-Led Adaptation","description":"Several speakers emphasized that adaptation must remain nationally determined, aligned with local realities, and shaped by communities and domestic institutions. 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They criticized donor-driven or fragmented approaches and called for finance to support national plans, budgets, and direct access mechanisms."},{"key":"adaptation-finance","label":"Adaptation Finance","description":"A major theme was the large gap between adaptation needs and current funding, especially for developing countries. Many speakers called for more predictable, grant-based and concessional public finance, arguing that private instruments can complement but not replace it."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8664.85,"end":8665.09},{"text":"need","start":8665.09,"end":8665.37},{"text":"more","start":8665.37,"end":8665.57},{"text":"finance","start":8665.57,"end":8666.21},{"text":"flowing","start":8666.21,"end":8666.93},{"text":"directly","start":8667.25,"end":8667.89},{"text":"to","start":8667.89,"end":8668.01},{"text":"national","start":8668.01,"end":8668.61},{"text":"and","start":8668.61,"end":8668.77},{"text":"regional","start":8668.77,"end":8669.33},{"text":"own","start":8669.73,"end":8670.05},{"text":"mechanisms","start":8670.05,"end":8670.77},{"text":"that","start":8670.77,"end":8671.01},{"text":"allow","start":8671.01,"end":8671.33},{"text":"countries","start":8671.33,"end":8672.05},{"text":"to","start":8672.05,"end":8672.21},{"text":"lead","start":8672.21,"end":8672.77},{"text":"their","start":8672.77,"end":8673.01},{"text":"own","start":8673.01,"end":8673.17},{"text":"adaptations.","start":8673.17,"end":8674.05}]},{"text":"It is sometimes difficult to understand what it will take for those who are not in the front lines of this crisis to value prevention as much as the cure.","start":8674.65,"end":8684.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8674.65,"end":8674.89},{"text":"is","start":8674.89,"end":8674.97},{"text":"sometimes","start":8674.97,"end":8675.53},{"text":"difficult","start":8675.53,"end":8675.97},{"text":"to","start":8675.97,"end":8676.05},{"text":"understand","start":8676.05,"end":8676.69},{"text":"what","start":8676.69,"end":8676.89},{"text":"it","start":8676.89,"end":8676.97},{"text":"will","start":8676.97,"end":8677.21},{"text":"take","start":8677.21,"end":8677.53},{"text":"for","start":8677.53,"end":8677.69},{"text":"those","start":8677.69,"end":8678.01},{"text":"who","start":8678.01,"end":8678.21},{"text":"are","start":8678.21,"end":8678.33},{"text":"not","start":8678.33,"end":8678.81},{"text":"in","start":8678.81,"end":8678.93},{"text":"the","start":8678.93,"end":8679.05},{"text":"front","start":8679.05,"end":8679.37},{"text":"lines","start":8679.37,"end":8679.85},{"text":"of","start":8680.21,"end":8680.33},{"text":"this","start":8680.33,"end":8680.49},{"text":"crisis","start":8680.49,"end":8680.97},{"text":"to","start":8680.97,"end":8681.05},{"text":"value","start":8681.05,"end":8681.45},{"text":"prevention","start":8681.45,"end":8682.09},{"text":"as","start":8682.09,"end":8682.25},{"text":"much","start":8682.25,"end":8682.73},{"text":"as","start":8683.13,"end":8683.69},{"text":"the","start":8684.01,"end":8684.17},{"text":"cure.","start":8684.17,"end":8684.73}]},{"text":"Last year, we agreed to triple adaptation finance.","start":8686.25,"end":8689.29,"topics":[{"key":"adaptation-finance","label":"Adaptation Finance","description":"A major theme was the large gap between adaptation needs and current funding, especially for developing countries. Many speakers called for more predictable, grant-based and concessional public finance, arguing that private instruments can complement but not replace it."}],"words":[{"text":"Last","start":8686.25,"end":8686.57},{"text":"year,","start":8686.57,"end":8686.73},{"text":"we","start":8686.73,"end":8686.89},{"text":"agreed","start":8686.89,"end":8687.37},{"text":"to","start":8687.37,"end":8687.53},{"text":"triple","start":8687.53,"end":8688.17},{"text":"adaptation","start":8688.17,"end":8688.81},{"text":"finance.","start":8688.81,"end":8689.29}]},{"text":"We had previously agreed to double it by $40 billion.","start":8689.29,"end":8693.13,"topics":[{"key":"adaptation-finance","label":"Adaptation Finance","description":"A major theme was the large gap between adaptation needs and current funding, especially for developing countries. Many speakers called for more predictable, grant-based and concessional public finance, arguing that private instruments can complement but not replace it."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8689.29,"end":8689.41},{"text":"had","start":8689.41,"end":8689.57},{"text":"previously","start":8689.57,"end":8690.25},{"text":"agreed","start":8690.25,"end":8690.65},{"text":"to","start":8690.65,"end":8690.73},{"text":"double","start":8690.73,"end":8691.13},{"text":"it","start":8691.13,"end":8691.29},{"text":"by","start":8691.61,"end":8691.85},{"text":"$40","start":8692.17,"end":8692.21},{"text":"billion.","start":8692.21,"end":8693.13}]},{"text":"But by my arithmetic, that leaves us talking about $120 billion.","start":8693.85,"end":8699.45,"topics":[{"key":"adaptation-finance","label":"Adaptation Finance","description":"A major theme was the large gap between adaptation needs and current funding, especially for developing countries. 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This was framed as complementary to adaptation finance, with emphasis on supporting vulnerable countries facing fiscal strain from extreme and slow-onset events."}],"words":[{"text":"Perhaps","start":8700.13,"end":8700.65},{"text":"we","start":8700.65,"end":8700.81},{"text":"should","start":8700.81,"end":8701.05},{"text":"increase","start":8701.05,"end":8701.53},{"text":"the","start":8701.53,"end":8701.65},{"text":"incentive","start":8701.65,"end":8702.09},{"text":"by","start":8702.09,"end":8702.25},{"text":"saying","start":8702.25,"end":8702.65},{"text":"that","start":8702.65,"end":8702.89},{"text":"if","start":8702.89,"end":8703.09},{"text":"the","start":8703.09,"end":8703.25},{"text":"$120","start":8703.25,"end":8703.29},{"text":"billion","start":8703.29,"end":8704.25},{"text":"is","start":8704.33,"end":8704.81},{"text":"not","start":8704.81,"end":8704.97},{"text":"delivered,","start":8704.97,"end":8705.53},{"text":"the","start":8705.85,"end":8706.05},{"text":"shortfall","start":8706.05,"end":8706.73},{"text":"should","start":8706.73,"end":8706.97},{"text":"go","start":8706.97,"end":8707.21},{"text":"directly","start":8707.21,"end":8707.93},{"text":"to","start":8707.93,"end":8708.09},{"text":"the","start":8708.09,"end":8708.25},{"text":"loss","start":8708.25,"end":8708.57},{"text":"and","start":8708.57,"end":8708.69},{"text":"damage","start":8708.69,"end":8709.05},{"text":"fund","start":8709.05,"end":8709.53},{"text":"with","start":8710.01,"end":8710.17},{"text":"interest.","start":8710.17,"end":8710.73}]},{"text":"Of course, that is intentionally provocative, but for countries like mine, the consequences are not theoretical.","start":8711.57,"end":8717.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Of","start":8711.57,"end":8711.69},{"text":"course,","start":8711.69,"end":8712.09},{"text":"that","start":8712.09,"end":8712.33},{"text":"is","start":8712.33,"end":8712.49},{"text":"intentionally","start":8712.49,"end":8713.21},{"text":"provocative,","start":8713.21,"end":8713.85},{"text":"but","start":8714.41,"end":8714.57},{"text":"for","start":8714.57,"end":8714.73},{"text":"countries","start":8714.73,"end":8715.21},{"text":"like","start":8715.21,"end":8715.45},{"text":"mine,","start":8715.45,"end":8715.77},{"text":"the","start":8715.77,"end":8715.89},{"text":"consequences","start":8715.89,"end":8716.81},{"text":"are","start":8716.81,"end":8716.89},{"text":"not","start":8716.89,"end":8717.21},{"text":"theoretical.","start":8717.21,"end":8717.85}]},{"text":"We cannot afford to prepare for today.","start":8718.49,"end":8720.49,"topics":[{"key":"adaptation-finance","label":"Adaptation Finance","description":"A major theme was the large gap between adaptation needs and current funding, especially for developing countries. Many speakers called for more predictable, grant-based and concessional public finance, arguing that private instruments can complement but not replace it."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8718.49,"end":8718.69},{"text":"cannot","start":8718.69,"end":8718.97},{"text":"afford","start":8718.97,"end":8719.33},{"text":"to","start":8719.33,"end":8719.41},{"text":"prepare","start":8719.41,"end":8719.77},{"text":"for","start":8719.77,"end":8719.93},{"text":"today.","start":8719.93,"end":8720.49}]},{"text":"We will pay for it tomorrow.","start":8721.93,"end":8723.93,"topics":[{"key":"loss-and-damage","label":"Loss and Damage Finance","description":"Several statements addressed the need for dedicated finance for response and recovery when climate impacts exceed adaptation limits. This was framed as complementary to adaptation finance, with emphasis on supporting vulnerable countries facing fiscal strain from extreme and slow-onset events."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8721.93,"end":8722.17},{"text":"will","start":8722.17,"end":8722.41},{"text":"pay","start":8722.41,"end":8722.65},{"text":"for","start":8722.65,"end":8723.01},{"text":"it","start":8723.01,"end":8723.13},{"text":"tomorrow.","start":8723.37,"end":8723.93}]},{"text":"And the cost will not only be financial, it will be measured in livelihoods, communities, culture, and human lives.","start":8724.53,"end":8731.41,"topics":[{"key":"loss-and-damage","label":"Loss and Damage Finance","description":"Several statements addressed the need for dedicated finance for response and recovery when climate impacts exceed adaptation limits. 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many of the solutions already exist, whether we choose to use them is ultimately a question of political 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I also want to challenge once again the way that we talk about investability or adaptation, because I do not think we are always using the same definition.","start":8806.89,"end":8816.53,"topics":[{"key":"private-capital","label":"Private Capital for Adaptation","description":"Participants discussed how blended finance, guarantees, catalytic public funding, and better enabling conditions could attract more private investment into adaptation. 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Gasper","affiliation":"MHL","affiliation_full":"Marshall Islands","group":null,"function":"Minister in Assistance to the President and the Environment"}},{"statement_number":45,"start":8904.01,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k12/k12bq5w81d?lang=en&t=2:28:25","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":8904.01,"end":8904.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8904.01,"end":8904.17},{"text":"you.","start":8904.17,"end":8904.29}]},{"text":"Thank you so much.","start":8905.37,"end":8906.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8905.37,"end":8905.53},{"text":"you","start":8905.53,"end":8905.61},{"text":"so","start":8905.61,"end":8905.69},{"text":"much.","start":8905.69,"end":8906.09}]},{"text":"The invitation is put out for the Marshall Islands Resilience 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They criticized donor-driven or fragmented approaches and called for finance to support national plans, budgets, and direct access mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":8944.69,"end":8944.81},{"text":"Denmark","start":8944.81,"end":8945.25},{"text":"supports","start":8945.25,"end":8945.97},{"text":"efforts","start":8946.21,"end":8946.69},{"text":"to","start":8946.69,"end":8946.77},{"text":"build","start":8946.77,"end":8947.05},{"text":"domestic","start":8947.05,"end":8947.65},{"text":"capacity","start":8947.81,"end":8948.61},{"text":"to","start":8949.09,"end":8949.21},{"text":"take","start":8949.25,"end":8949.65},{"text":"climate","start":8950.37,"end":8950.85},{"text":"risks","start":8950.85,"end":8951.25},{"text":"into","start":8951.25,"end":8951.61},{"text":"account","start":8951.61,"end":8952.01},{"text":"in","start":8952.01,"end":8952.17},{"text":"national","start":8952.17,"end":8952.57},{"text":"planning","start":8952.57,"end":8952.93},{"text":"and","start":8952.93,"end":8953.17},{"text":"budgeting.","start":8953.17,"end":8953.65}]},{"text":"Clearly, international finance, and that includes, of course, public finance, continues to play its role as support for the most vulnerable and least developed, not least, and as a means to mobilise investments from other sources.","start":8954.97,"end":8968.65,"topics":[{"key":"adaptation-finance","label":"Adaptation Finance","description":"A major theme was the large gap between adaptation needs and current funding, especially for developing countries. 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At the same time, many warned that only some adaptation activities are commercially investable and that expectations for private finance must remain realistic."}],"words":[{"text":"Innovative","start":8968.65,"end":8969.53},{"text":"finance","start":8969.53,"end":8970.05},{"text":"and","start":8970.05,"end":8970.17},{"text":"blended","start":8970.17,"end":8970.49},{"text":"finance","start":8970.49,"end":8971.13},{"text":"are","start":8971.21,"end":8971.37},{"text":"effective","start":8971.37,"end":8971.85},{"text":"tools","start":8971.85,"end":8972.41},{"text":"to","start":8972.65,"end":8972.81},{"text":"also","start":8972.81,"end":8973.29},{"text":"unlock","start":8973.29,"end":8973.73},{"text":"investments","start":8973.73,"end":8974.33},{"text":"to","start":8974.33,"end":8974.45},{"text":"climate","start":8974.45,"end":8974.81},{"text":"action.","start":8974.81,"end":8975.21}]},{"text":"We, Denmark, remain committed to development cooperation.","start":8975.77,"end":8979.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We,","start":8975.77,"end":8976.17},{"text":"Denmark,","start":8976.17,"end":8976.65},{"text":"remain","start":8976.65,"end":8977.05},{"text":"committed","start":8977.05,"end":8977.57},{"text":"to","start":8977.57,"end":8977.93},{"text":"development","start":8977.93,"end":8978.57},{"text":"cooperation.","start":8978.57,"end":8979.21}]},{"text":"We spend 0.7% of our GDP every year.","start":8979.21,"end":8983.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8979.21,"end":8979.37},{"text":"spend","start":8979.61,"end":8980.25},{"text":"0.7%","start":8981.53,"end":8981.57},{"text":"of","start":8981.57,"end":8981.69},{"text":"our","start":8981.69,"end":8981.93},{"text":"GDP","start":8981.97,"end":8982.61},{"text":"every","start":8982.61,"end":8982.89},{"text":"year.","start":8982.89,"end":8983.05}]},{"text":"We've done that for 40 plus years.","start":8983.05,"end":8984.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We've","start":8983.05,"end":8983.25},{"text":"done","start":8983.25,"end":8983.45},{"text":"that","start":8983.45,"end":8983.61},{"text":"for","start":8983.61,"end":8983.85},{"text":"40","start":8983.85,"end":8984.25},{"text":"plus","start":8984.25,"end":8984.57},{"text":"years.","start":8984.57,"end":8984.97}]},{"text":"Of that, 30% now is dedicated to climate, and with the majority of this, around 60% targeted to adaptation finance.","start":8985.29,"end":8994.81,"topics":[{"key":"adaptation-finance","label":"Adaptation Finance","description":"A major theme was the large gap between adaptation needs and current funding, especially for developing countries. 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Many speakers called for more predictable, grant-based and concessional public finance, arguing that private instruments can complement but not replace it."},{"key":"loss-and-damage","label":"Loss and Damage Finance","description":"Several statements addressed the need for dedicated finance for response and recovery when climate impacts exceed adaptation limits. This was framed as complementary to adaptation finance, with emphasis on supporting vulnerable countries facing fiscal strain from extreme and slow-onset events."},{"key":"country-led-adaptation","label":"Country-Led Adaptation","description":"Several speakers emphasized that adaptation must remain nationally determined, aligned with local realities, and shaped by communities and domestic institutions. 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Key ideas included lower borrowing costs, longer maturities, local-currency finance, guarantees, debt clauses, debt swaps, and simpler approval processes."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":9412.05,"end":9412.09},{"text":"reformed","start":9412.13,"end":9412.69},{"text":"international","start":9412.69,"end":9413.33},{"text":"financial","start":9413.33,"end":9413.89},{"text":"system","start":9413.89,"end":9414.29},{"text":"needs","start":9414.29,"end":9414.53},{"text":"solidarity","start":9414.53,"end":9415.17},{"text":"from","start":9415.17,"end":9415.37},{"text":"advanced","start":9415.37,"end":9415.89},{"text":"economies","start":9415.89,"end":9416.61},{"text":"through","start":9417.01,"end":9417.33},{"text":"interoperability","start":9417.33,"end":9418.37},{"text":"of","start":9418.41,"end":9418.53},{"text":"MDBs","start":9418.53,"end":9419.17},{"text":"and","start":9419.17,"end":9419.93},{"text":"DFIs.","start":9419.93,"end":9420.61}]},{"text":"National institutions and regional institutions within countries serve as the link between the multilateral system and private capital.","start":9421.01,"end":9427.09,"topics":[{"key":"private-capital","label":"Private Capital for Adaptation","description":"Participants discussed how blended finance, guarantees, catalytic public funding, and better enabling conditions could attract more private investment into adaptation. 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prosperity.","start":9427.73,"end":9431.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":9427.73,"end":9427.85},{"text":"these","start":9427.89,"end":9428.13},{"text":"are","start":9428.13,"end":9428.21},{"text":"our","start":9428.21,"end":9428.29},{"text":"starting","start":9428.29,"end":9428.61},{"text":"points","start":9428.61,"end":9428.93},{"text":"to","start":9428.93,"end":9429.05},{"text":"realize","start":9429.05,"end":9429.57},{"text":"durable","start":9429.65,"end":9430.05},{"text":"development","start":9430.05,"end":9430.61},{"text":"and","start":9430.61,"end":9430.77},{"text":"climate","start":9430.77,"end":9431.05},{"text":"prosperity.","start":9431.05,"end":9431.65}]},{"text":"Thank you.","start":9431.65,"end":9432.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9431.65,"end":9431.89},{"text":"you.","start":9431.89,"end":9432.01}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Sarah Jane Ahmed","affiliation":"CVF","affiliation_full":"CVF","group":null,"function":"Managing Director"}},{"statement_number":51,"start":9438.37,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k12/k12bq5w81d?lang=en&t=2:37:19","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Excellent points.","start":9438.37,"end":9439.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Excellent","start":9438.37,"end":9438.81},{"text":"points.","start":9438.81,"end":9439.25}]},{"text":"Again, extremely concrete, real.","start":9439.89,"end":9441.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Again,","start":9439.89,"end":9440.21},{"text":"extremely","start":9440.25,"end":9440.69},{"text":"concrete,","start":9440.69,"end":9441.17},{"text":"real.","start":9441.49,"end":9441.89}]},{"text":"Thank you, Sara.","start":9442.93,"end":9444.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9442.93,"end":9443.25},{"text":"you,","start":9443.25,"end":9443.41},{"text":"Sara.","start":9443.97,"end":9444.45}]},{"text":"Let me give the floor now to Ms. Elizabeth Henderson, Chief Sustainability Officer of 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Gastelum","affiliation":null,"affiliation_full":null,"group":null,"function":"Moderator"}},{"statement_number":52,"start":9463.65,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k12/k12bq5w81d?lang=en&t=2:37:44","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, and thank you for having us here today.","start":9463.65,"end":9465.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9463.65,"end":9463.97},{"text":"you,","start":9463.97,"end":9464.13},{"text":"and","start":9464.13,"end":9464.29},{"text":"thank","start":9464.29,"end":9464.45},{"text":"you","start":9464.45,"end":9464.57},{"text":"for","start":9464.57,"end":9464.69},{"text":"having","start":9464.69,"end":9465.01},{"text":"us","start":9465.01,"end":9465.17},{"text":"here","start":9465.17,"end":9465.33},{"text":"today.","start":9465.33,"end":9465.81}]},{"text":"I work for Aon, which is a global insurance brokerage company.","start":9466.69,"end":9469.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9466.69,"end":9466.77},{"text":"work","start":9466.77,"end":9466.93},{"text":"for","start":9466.93,"end":9467.09},{"text":"Aon,","start":9467.09,"end":9467.29},{"text":"which","start":9467.29,"end":9467.49},{"text":"is","start":9467.49,"end":9467.61},{"text":"a","start":9467.61,"end":9467.65},{"text":"global","start":9467.65,"end":9468.13},{"text":"insurance","start":9468.13,"end":9468.77},{"text":"brokerage","start":9468.77,"end":9469.25},{"text":"company.","start":9469.25,"end":9469.89}]},{"text":"And I want to just really lay out a little bit of our perspective from the insurance industry around the challenge of resilience and financing adaptation.","start":9470.45,"end":9480.13,"topics":[{"key":"private-capital","label":"Private Capital for Adaptation","description":"Participants discussed how blended finance, guarantees, catalytic public funding, and better enabling conditions could attract more 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They criticized donor-driven or fragmented approaches and called for finance to support national plans, budgets, and direct access mechanisms."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9559.93,"end":9560.09},{"text":"we","start":9560.09,"end":9560.25},{"text":"often","start":9560.25,"end":9560.65},{"text":"talk","start":9560.65,"end":9560.97},{"text":"about","start":9560.97,"end":9561.45},{"text":"the","start":9561.45,"end":9561.65},{"text":"value","start":9561.65,"end":9562.17},{"text":"of","start":9562.17,"end":9562.33},{"text":"adaptation","start":9562.33,"end":9563.01},{"text":"and","start":9563.01,"end":9563.13},{"text":"resilience","start":9563.13,"end":9563.61},{"text":"being","start":9563.61,"end":9564.01},{"text":"in","start":9564.01,"end":9564.25},{"text":"the","start":9564.25,"end":9564.45},{"text":"avoided","start":9564.57,"end":9565.21},{"text":"future","start":9565.21,"end":9565.61},{"text":"loss.","start":9565.61,"end":9566.09}]},{"text":"But I would argue that the economic impact of not having access to insurance and not having access to a viable insurable market is a business risk and a community risk that can be quantified in any ROI calculation of resilience.","start":9566.89,"end":9584.41,"topics":[{"key":"risk-transfer","label":"Risk Transfer and Insurance","description":"A distinct strand of the debate focused on catastrophe bonds, parametric insurance, regional risk pools, reinsurance, and other pre-arranged finance tools. These instruments were presented as ways to provide rapid liquidity after shocks and strengthen fiscal resilience, especially for vulnerable countries."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":9566.89,"end":9567.05},{"text":"I","start":9567.05,"end":9567.21},{"text":"would","start":9567.21,"end":9567.37},{"text":"argue","start":9567.37,"end":9568.01},{"text":"that","start":9568.01,"end":9568.49},{"text":"the","start":9568.49,"end":9568.57},{"text":"economic","start":9568.57,"end":9569.21},{"text":"impact","start":9569.21,"end":9569.85},{"text":"of","start":9569.85,"end":9570.09},{"text":"not","start":9570.09,"end":9570.41},{"text":"having","start":9570.41,"end":9570.73},{"text":"access","start":9570.73,"end":9571.21},{"text":"to","start":9571.21,"end":9571.41},{"text":"insurance","start":9571.41,"end":9572.25},{"text":"and","start":9572.53,"end":9572.65},{"text":"not","start":9572.65,"end":9572.97},{"text":"having","start":9572.97,"end":9573.37},{"text":"access","start":9573.37,"end":9573.85},{"text":"to","start":9573.85,"end":9574.05},{"text":"a","start":9574.05,"end":9574.09},{"text":"viable","start":9574.09,"end":9574.89},{"text":"insurable","start":9574.89,"end":9575.53},{"text":"market","start":9575.53,"end":9576.33},{"text":"is","start":9576.73,"end":9577.05},{"text":"a","start":9577.13,"end":9577.17},{"text":"business","start":9577.17,"end":9577.69},{"text":"risk","start":9577.69,"end":9578.25},{"text":"and","start":9578.57,"end":9578.89},{"text":"a","start":9578.97,"end":9579.01},{"text":"community","start":9579.01,"end":9579.53},{"text":"risk","start":9579.53,"end":9580.09},{"text":"that","start":9580.25,"end":9580.45},{"text":"can","start":9580.45,"end":9580.77},{"text":"be","start":9580.77,"end":9580.89},{"text":"quantified","start":9580.89,"end":9581.85},{"text":"in","start":9581.93,"end":9582.17},{"text":"any","start":9582.17,"end":9582.49},{"text":"ROI","start":9582.49,"end":9582.97},{"text":"calculation","start":9582.97,"end":9583.69},{"text":"of","start":9583.69,"end":9583.85},{"text":"resilience.","start":9583.85,"end":9584.41}]},{"text":"I have two examples of things that we've done at Aon to try to bring insurance capital in to drive resilience in country and other parts of the world.","start":9585.37,"end":9594.69,"topics":[{"key":"risk-transfer","label":"Risk Transfer and Insurance","description":"A distinct strand of the debate focused on catastrophe bonds, parametric insurance, regional risk pools, reinsurance, and other pre-arranged finance tools. 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At the same time, many warned that only some adaptation activities are commercially investable and that expectations for private finance must remain realistic."}],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9585.37,"end":9585.53},{"text":"have","start":9585.53,"end":9585.69},{"text":"two","start":9585.69,"end":9586.01},{"text":"examples","start":9586.01,"end":9586.89},{"text":"of","start":9586.93,"end":9587.05},{"text":"things","start":9587.05,"end":9587.33},{"text":"that","start":9587.33,"end":9587.45},{"text":"we've","start":9587.45,"end":9587.69},{"text":"done","start":9587.69,"end":9587.93},{"text":"at","start":9587.93,"end":9588.09},{"text":"Aon","start":9588.09,"end":9588.41},{"text":"to","start":9588.41,"end":9588.69},{"text":"try","start":9588.69,"end":9588.89},{"text":"to","start":9588.89,"end":9589.13},{"text":"bring","start":9589.13,"end":9589.69},{"text":"insurance","start":9589.69,"end":9590.25},{"text":"capital","start":9590.25,"end":9590.65},{"text":"in","start":9590.65,"end":9590.97},{"text":"to","start":9590.97,"end":9591.13},{"text":"drive","start":9591.13,"end":9591.61},{"text":"resilience","start":9591.61,"end":9592.33},{"text":"in","start":9592.33,"end":9592.81},{"text":"country","start":9592.81,"end":9593.37},{"text":"and","start":9593.37,"end":9593.61},{"text":"other","start":9593.61,"end":9593.89},{"text":"parts","start":9593.89,"end":9594.17},{"text":"of","start":9594.17,"end":9594.25},{"text":"the","start":9594.25,"end":9594.33},{"text":"world.","start":9594.33,"end":9594.69}]},{"text":"First is last year, Hurricane Melissa made landfall in the Caribbean, hitting Jamaica.","start":9594.97,"end":9601.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"First","start":9594.97,"end":9595.53},{"text":"is","start":9595.53,"end":9595.93},{"text":"last","start":9596.01,"end":9596.41},{"text":"year,","start":9596.41,"end":9596.73},{"text":"Hurricane","start":9597.45,"end":9597.89},{"text":"Melissa","start":9597.89,"end":9598.25},{"text":"made","start":9598.25,"end":9598.49},{"text":"landfall","start":9598.49,"end":9599.21},{"text":"in","start":9599.45,"end":9599.93},{"text":"the","start":9599.93,"end":9600.09},{"text":"Caribbean,","start":9600.09,"end":9600.81},{"text":"hitting","start":9600.81,"end":9601.13},{"text":"Jamaica.","start":9601.29,"end":9601.73}]},{"text":"And we heard from the representative from Jamaica about the economic toll that that event took.","start":9601.73,"end":9606.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9601.73,"end":9601.85},{"text":"we","start":9601.85,"end":9601.97},{"text":"heard","start":9601.97,"end":9602.25},{"text":"from","start":9602.25,"end":9602.49},{"text":"the","start":9602.49,"end":9602.61},{"text":"representative","start":9603.13,"end":9603.81},{"text":"from","start":9603.81,"end":9603.97},{"text":"Jamaica","start":9603.97,"end":9604.45},{"text":"about","start":9604.45,"end":9604.65},{"text":"the","start":9604.65,"end":9604.77},{"text":"economic","start":9604.81,"end":9605.33},{"text":"toll","start":9605.33,"end":9605.61},{"text":"that","start":9605.61,"end":9605.73},{"text":"that","start":9605.73,"end":9605.89},{"text":"event","start":9605.89,"end":9606.21},{"text":"took.","start":9606.21,"end":9606.57}]},{"text":"What we didn't talk about is that there was a catastrophe bond that Jamaica had purchased.","start":9607.61,"end":9613.37,"topics":[{"key":"risk-transfer","label":"Risk Transfer and Insurance","description":"A distinct strand of the debate focused on catastrophe bonds, parametric insurance, regional risk pools, reinsurance, and other pre-arranged finance tools. These instruments were presented as ways to provide rapid liquidity after shocks and strengthen fiscal resilience, especially for vulnerable countries."}],"words":[{"text":"What","start":9607.61,"end":9607.93},{"text":"we","start":9607.93,"end":9608.09},{"text":"didn't","start":9608.09,"end":9608.49},{"text":"talk","start":9608.49,"end":9608.61},{"text":"about","start":9608.61,"end":9608.89},{"text":"is","start":9608.89,"end":9609.05},{"text":"that","start":9609.05,"end":9609.29},{"text":"there","start":9609.29,"end":9609.61},{"text":"was","start":9609.61,"end":9609.85},{"text":"a","start":9609.89,"end":9609.93},{"text":"catastrophe","start":9610.09,"end":9610.97},{"text":"bond","start":9610.97,"end":9611.45},{"text":"that","start":9611.69,"end":9611.89},{"text":"Jamaica","start":9611.89,"end":9612.37},{"text":"had","start":9612.37,"end":9612.57},{"text":"purchased.","start":9612.57,"end":9613.37}]},{"text":"that paid out $150 million in losses within five weeks directly to Jamaica to help them with the recovery and rebuilding after that event.","start":9613.85,"end":9623.13,"topics":[{"key":"risk-transfer","label":"Risk Transfer and Insurance","description":"A distinct strand of the debate focused on catastrophe bonds, parametric insurance, regional risk pools, reinsurance, and other pre-arranged finance tools. These instruments were presented as ways to provide rapid liquidity after shocks and strengthen fiscal resilience, especially for vulnerable countries."},{"key":"loss-and-damage","label":"Loss and Damage Finance","description":"Several statements addressed the need for dedicated finance for response and recovery when climate impacts exceed adaptation limits. This was framed as complementary to adaptation finance, with emphasis on supporting vulnerable countries facing fiscal strain from extreme and slow-onset events."}],"words":[{"text":"that","start":9613.85,"end":9614.09},{"text":"paid","start":9614.09,"end":9614.41},{"text":"out","start":9614.41,"end":9615.05},{"text":"$150","start":9615.05,"end":9615.09},{"text":"million","start":9615.09,"end":9616.25},{"text":"in","start":9616.25,"end":9616.49},{"text":"losses","start":9616.49,"end":9617.13},{"text":"within","start":9617.29,"end":9617.61},{"text":"five","start":9617.61,"end":9618.09},{"text":"weeks","start":9618.09,"end":9618.41},{"text":"directly","start":9618.41,"end":9619.01},{"text":"to","start":9619.01,"end":9619.17},{"text":"Jamaica","start":9619.17,"end":9619.61},{"text":"to","start":9619.61,"end":9619.81},{"text":"help","start":9619.81,"end":9620.17},{"text":"them","start":9620.17,"end":9620.33},{"text":"with","start":9620.33,"end":9620.61},{"text":"the","start":9620.61,"end":9620.69},{"text":"recovery","start":9620.69,"end":9621.29},{"text":"and","start":9621.29,"end":9621.45},{"text":"rebuilding","start":9621.45,"end":9622.09},{"text":"after","start":9622.09,"end":9622.41},{"text":"that","start":9622.41,"end":9622.57},{"text":"event.","start":9622.57,"end":9623.13}]},{"text":"The additional benefit of those payments coming in so quickly is that by December of last year, Moody's increased their sovereign debt rating of Jamaica, citing their ability to respond after the natural disaster, including such instruments as the cat bond.","start":9624.17,"end":9641.61,"topics":[{"key":"risk-transfer","label":"Risk Transfer and Insurance","description":"A distinct strand of the debate focused on catastrophe bonds, parametric insurance, regional risk pools, reinsurance, and other pre-arranged finance tools. These instruments were presented as ways to provide rapid liquidity after shocks and strengthen fiscal resilience, especially for vulnerable countries."},{"key":"financial-architecture","label":"International Financial Architecture Reform","description":"Speakers called for reforms to multilateral development banks, climate funds, and broader financial rules so countries can access finance more quickly and affordably. Key ideas included lower borrowing costs, longer maturities, local-currency finance, guarantees, debt clauses, debt swaps, and simpler approval processes."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9624.17,"end":9624.29},{"text":"additional","start":9624.29,"end":9624.81},{"text":"benefit","start":9624.81,"end":9625.33},{"text":"of","start":9625.33,"end":9625.53},{"text":"those","start":9625.53,"end":9625.77},{"text":"payments","start":9625.77,"end":9626.49},{"text":"coming","start":9626.81,"end":9627.21},{"text":"in","start":9627.21,"end":9627.37},{"text":"so","start":9627.37,"end":9627.61},{"text":"quickly","start":9627.61,"end":9628.17},{"text":"is","start":9628.73,"end":9628.89},{"text":"that","start":9628.89,"end":9629.09},{"text":"by","start":9629.09,"end":9629.29},{"text":"December","start":9629.29,"end":9629.93},{"text":"of","start":9629.93,"end":9630.01},{"text":"last","start":9630.01,"end":9630.41},{"text":"year,","start":9630.41,"end":9630.73},{"text":"Moody's","start":9630.73,"end":9631.45},{"text":"increased","start":9631.85,"end":9632.57},{"text":"their","start":9632.57,"end":9632.81},{"text":"sovereign","start":9632.81,"end":9633.21},{"text":"debt","start":9633.21,"end":9633.45},{"text":"rating","start":9633.45,"end":9633.93},{"text":"of","start":9633.93,"end":9634.17},{"text":"Jamaica,","start":9634.17,"end":9634.89},{"text":"citing","start":9635.29,"end":9635.77},{"text":"their","start":9635.77,"end":9635.93},{"text":"ability","start":9635.93,"end":9636.41},{"text":"to","start":9636.41,"end":9636.53},{"text":"respond","start":9636.53,"end":9637.37},{"text":"after","start":9637.37,"end":9637.77},{"text":"the","start":9637.77,"end":9637.85},{"text":"natural","start":9637.85,"end":9638.25},{"text":"disaster,","start":9638.25,"end":9639.05},{"text":"including","start":9639.37,"end":9639.93},{"text":"such","start":9639.93,"end":9640.17},{"text":"instruments","start":9640.17,"end":9640.73},{"text":"as","start":9640.73,"end":9640.93},{"text":"the","start":9640.93,"end":9641.05},{"text":"cat","start":9641.05,"end":9641.29},{"text":"bond.","start":9641.29,"end":9641.61}]},{"text":"The other great news is that Jamaica has decided to repurchase the bond again, and they're continuing to gauge in the financial support that the insurance industry can provide.","start":9642.49,"end":9652.41,"topics":[{"key":"risk-transfer","label":"Risk Transfer and Insurance","description":"A distinct strand of the debate focused on catastrophe bonds, parametric insurance, regional risk pools, reinsurance, and other pre-arranged finance tools. 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At the same time, many warned that only some adaptation activities are commercially investable and that expectations for private finance must remain realistic."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9642.49,"end":9642.69},{"text":"other","start":9642.69,"end":9642.85},{"text":"great","start":9642.85,"end":9643.13},{"text":"news","start":9643.13,"end":9643.53},{"text":"is","start":9643.53,"end":9643.69},{"text":"that","start":9643.69,"end":9643.85},{"text":"Jamaica","start":9643.85,"end":9644.57},{"text":"has","start":9644.97,"end":9645.21},{"text":"decided","start":9645.21,"end":9645.61},{"text":"to","start":9645.61,"end":9645.73},{"text":"repurchase","start":9645.73,"end":9646.41},{"text":"the","start":9646.41,"end":9646.53},{"text":"bond","start":9646.53,"end":9646.81},{"text":"again,","start":9646.81,"end":9647.01},{"text":"and","start":9647.01,"end":9647.21},{"text":"they're","start":9647.21,"end":9647.37},{"text":"continuing","start":9647.37,"end":9648.01},{"text":"to","start":9648.01,"end":9648.13},{"text":"gauge","start":9648.13,"end":9648.57},{"text":"in","start":9648.57,"end":9648.97},{"text":"the","start":9649.21,"end":9649.33},{"text":"financial","start":9649.53,"end":9650.17},{"text":"support","start":9650.17,"end":9650.81},{"text":"that","start":9650.81,"end":9650.93},{"text":"the","start":9650.93,"end":9651.01},{"text":"insurance","start":9651.01,"end":9651.41},{"text":"industry","start":9651.41,"end":9651.77},{"text":"can","start":9651.77,"end":9651.93},{"text":"provide.","start":9651.93,"end":9652.41}]},{"text":"But we know that that is just one example.","start":9653.05,"end":9655.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":9653.05,"end":9653.17},{"text":"we","start":9653.17,"end":9653.29},{"text":"know","start":9653.29,"end":9653.45},{"text":"that","start":9653.45,"end":9653.57},{"text":"that","start":9653.57,"end":9653.73},{"text":"is","start":9653.73,"end":9653.85},{"text":"just","start":9653.85,"end":9654.17},{"text":"one","start":9654.17,"end":9654.41},{"text":"example.","start":9654.41,"end":9655.13}]},{"text":"And in order to scale, we want to use a resilience framework that Aon is launching and embedding in how we go to market with our private sector clients, but also working with more public sector countries, cities, and sovereign entities.","start":9655.33,"end":9669.45,"topics":[{"key":"private-capital","label":"Private Capital for Adaptation","description":"Participants discussed how blended finance, guarantees, catalytic public funding, and better enabling conditions could attract more private investment into adaptation. 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in the first year of the second decade of the Paris Agreement.","start":11039.69,"end":11044.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We're","start":11039.69,"end":11040.09},{"text":"in","start":11040.09,"end":11040.57},{"text":"the","start":11040.65,"end":11040.89},{"text":"first","start":11040.89,"end":11041.45},{"text":"year","start":11041.69,"end":11042.17},{"text":"of","start":11042.17,"end":11042.33},{"text":"the","start":11042.33,"end":11042.41},{"text":"second","start":11042.41,"end":11043.13},{"text":"decade","start":11043.21,"end":11043.77},{"text":"of","start":11043.77,"end":11043.93},{"text":"the","start":11043.93,"end":11044.01},{"text":"Paris","start":11044.01,"end":11044.41},{"text":"Agreement.","start":11044.41,"end":11044.89}]},{"text":"This COP marks the beginning of the second decade of implementation of the Paris 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made.","start":11052.33,"end":11059.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":11052.33,"end":11052.49},{"text":"over","start":11052.49,"end":11052.69},{"text":"the","start":11052.69,"end":11052.81},{"text":"course","start":11052.81,"end":11053.25},{"text":"of","start":11053.25,"end":11053.41},{"text":"that","start":11053.41,"end":11053.69},{"text":"first","start":11054.01,"end":11054.49},{"text":"decade,","start":11054.49,"end":11055.05},{"text":"since","start":11056.09,"end":11056.49},{"text":"the","start":11056.49,"end":11056.57},{"text":"adoption","start":11056.57,"end":11057.05},{"text":"of","start":11057.05,"end":11057.25},{"text":"the","start":11057.25,"end":11057.33},{"text":"agreement,","start":11057.33,"end":11057.93},{"text":"progress","start":11058.57,"end":11059.05},{"text":"has","start":11059.05,"end":11059.29},{"text":"been","start":11059.29,"end":11059.53},{"text":"made.","start":11059.53,"end":11059.93}]},{"text":"MDBs are doing a lot more, not enough, but a lot more.","start":11060.61,"end":11064.53,"topics":[{"key":"financial-architecture","label":"International Financial Architecture Reform","description":"Speakers called for reforms to multilateral development banks, climate funds, and broader financial rules so countries can access finance more quickly and affordably. 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I really want this dialogue, and I really encourage all of you, and I've said this repeatedly, I know you have really great prepared statements, 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I want this dialogue to focus on four interdependent challenges, and some might say opportunities.","start":11122.41,"end":11133.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"No.","start":11122.41,"end":11122.81},{"text":"I","start":11125.53,"end":11125.69},{"text":"want","start":11125.69,"end":11125.85},{"text":"this","start":11125.85,"end":11126.01},{"text":"dialogue","start":11126.01,"end":11126.49},{"text":"to","start":11126.73,"end":11127.09},{"text":"focus","start":11127.09,"end":11127.77},{"text":"on","start":11127.77,"end":11128.33},{"text":"four","start":11129.21,"end":11129.77},{"text":"interdependent","start":11129.85,"end":11130.77},{"text":"challenges,","start":11130.77,"end":11131.53},{"text":"and","start":11132.17,"end":11132.41},{"text":"some","start":11132.41,"end":11132.61},{"text":"might","start":11132.61,"end":11132.77},{"text":"say","start":11132.77,"end":11132.97},{"text":"opportunities.","start":11132.97,"end":11133.93}]},{"text":"Scale, access, affordability, and 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the good wisdom of the former Bank of England governor, Mervyn King, you can always share your affection and love to something and you call it a 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you can be even guided by the Beatles song, All You Need Is Love.","start":11589.29,"end":11596.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":11589.29,"end":11589.77},{"text":"you","start":11590.17,"end":11590.29},{"text":"can","start":11590.29,"end":11590.49},{"text":"be","start":11590.49,"end":11591.01},{"text":"even","start":11591.01,"end":11591.21},{"text":"guided","start":11591.21,"end":11591.77},{"text":"by","start":11591.77,"end":11592.25},{"text":"the","start":11592.57,"end":11593.37},{"text":"Beatles","start":11593.37,"end":11594.09},{"text":"song,","start":11594.65,"end":11595.05},{"text":"All","start":11595.25,"end":11595.45},{"text":"You","start":11595.45,"end":11595.61},{"text":"Need","start":11595.61,"end":11595.93},{"text":"Is","start":11596.01,"end":11596.17},{"text":"Love.","start":11596.17,"end":11596.49}]},{"text":"But in our area and project finance, we might need to resort to the good, another song, quoting again, Melvin King, in a very serious discussions at the IMFC of the IMF, that you can go to the ABBA when they are really singing, \"Money, money, money.\"","start":11597.13,"end":11615.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"But","start":11597.13,"end":11597.37},{"text":"in","start":11597.37,"end":11597.61},{"text":"our","start":11597.61,"end":11597.85},{"text":"area","start":11597.93,"end":11598.21},{"text":"and","start":11598.21,"end":11598.57},{"text":"project","start":11598.57,"end":11598.97},{"text":"finance,","start":11598.97,"end":11599.61},{"text":"we","start":11599.77,"end":11599.93},{"text":"might","start":11599.93,"end":11600.25},{"text":"need","start":11600.25,"end":11600.65},{"text":"to","start":11600.65,"end":11600.89},{"text":"resort","start":11600.89,"end":11601.49},{"text":"to","start":11601.49,"end":11601.77},{"text":"the","start":11602.25,"end":11602.41},{"text":"good,","start":11602.41,"end":11602.73},{"text":"another","start":11603.57,"end":11603.97},{"text":"song,","start":11603.97,"end":11604.25},{"text":"quoting","start":11604.25,"end":11604.73},{"text":"again,","start":11604.73,"end":11605.41},{"text":"Melvin","start":11605.41,"end":11605.77},{"text":"King,","start":11605.77,"end":11606.09},{"text":"in","start":11606.45,"end":11606.53},{"text":"a","start":11606.53,"end":11606.57},{"text":"very","start":11606.57,"end":11606.81},{"text":"serious","start":11606.81,"end":11607.29},{"text":"discussions","start":11607.37,"end":11608.01},{"text":"at","start":11608.01,"end":11608.09},{"text":"the","start":11608.09,"end":11608.21},{"text":"IMFC","start":11608.21,"end":11608.85},{"text":"of","start":11608.85,"end":11608.97},{"text":"the","start":11608.97,"end":11609.09},{"text":"IMF,","start":11609.09,"end":11609.53},{"text":"that","start":11609.77,"end":11610.01},{"text":"you","start":11610.01,"end":11610.13},{"text":"can","start":11610.13,"end":11610.33},{"text":"go","start":11610.33,"end":11610.65},{"text":"to","start":11610.73,"end":11610.89},{"text":"the","start":11610.89,"end":11611.01},{"text":"ABBA","start":11611.01,"end":11611.37},{"text":"when","start":11611.41,"end":11611.85},{"text":"they","start":11611.85,"end":11612.17},{"text":"are","start":11612.17,"end":11612.57},{"text":"really","start":11612.73,"end":11613.13},{"text":"singing,","start":11613.13,"end":11613.69},{"text":"\"Money,","start":11613.69,"end":11614.25},{"text":"money,","start":11614.25,"end":11614.65},{"text":"money.\"","start":11614.73,"end":11615.13}]},{"text":"So here, money coming from public sources, private sources,","start":11615.45,"end":11619.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":11615.45,"end":11616.01},{"text":"here,","start":11616.01,"end":11616.49},{"text":"money","start":11616.49,"end":11616.81},{"text":"coming","start":11616.81,"end":11617.13},{"text":"from","start":11617.13,"end":11617.37},{"text":"public","start":11617.37,"end":11617.69},{"text":"sources,","start":11617.69,"end":11618.25},{"text":"private","start":11618.25,"end":11618.65},{"text":"sources,","start":11618.65,"end":11619.29}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Mahmoud","affiliation":"UN","affiliation_full":"UN","group":null,"function":"Special Envoy on Financing for Development"}}],"topics":[{"key":"risk-transfer","label":"Risk Transfer and Insurance","description":"A distinct strand of the debate focused on catastrophe bonds, parametric insurance, regional risk pools, reinsurance, and other pre-arranged finance tools. These instruments were presented as ways to provide rapid liquidity after shocks and strengthen fiscal resilience, especially for vulnerable countries."},{"key":"loss-and-damage","label":"Loss and Damage Finance","description":"Several statements addressed the need for dedicated finance for response and recovery when climate impacts exceed adaptation limits. This was framed as complementary to adaptation finance, with emphasis on supporting vulnerable countries facing fiscal strain from extreme and slow-onset events."},{"key":"private-capital","label":"Private Capital for Adaptation","description":"Participants discussed how blended finance, guarantees, catalytic public funding, and better enabling conditions could attract more private investment into adaptation. At the same time, many warned that only some adaptation activities are commercially investable and that expectations for private finance must remain realistic."},{"key":"adaptation-finance","label":"Adaptation Finance","description":"A major theme was the large gap between adaptation needs and current funding, especially for developing countries. Many speakers called for more predictable, grant-based and concessional public finance, arguing that private instruments can complement but not replace it."},{"key":"adaptation-pipelines","label":"Adaptation Pipelines and Project Preparation","description":"Many interventions stressed that countries often already know their adaptation priorities, but struggle to turn them into fundable programs. The discussion highlighted feasibility studies, risk data, safeguards, investment structuring, and technical support to move from plans to implementation."},{"key":"early-warning-systems","label":"Early Warning Systems","description":"Speakers repeatedly treated early warning systems as essential public infrastructure rather than short-term projects. Discussion focused on universal coverage, end-to-end systems, operations and maintenance, last-mile delivery, and linking warnings to preparedness and early action."},{"key":"country-led-adaptation","label":"Country-Led Adaptation","description":"Several speakers emphasized that adaptation must remain nationally determined, aligned with local realities, and shaped by communities and domestic institutions. They criticized donor-driven or fragmented approaches and called for finance to support national plans, budgets, and direct access mechanisms."},{"key":"financial-architecture","label":"International Financial Architecture Reform","description":"Speakers called for reforms to multilateral development banks, climate funds, and broader financial rules so countries can access finance more quickly and affordably. Key ideas included lower borrowing costs, longer maturities, local-currency finance, guarantees, debt clauses, debt swaps, and simpler approval processes."}]}}