{"disclaimer":"Transcripts available through this tool are created by using automatic speech recognition and are not official records nor official documents of the United Nations. Official records and official documents are available on the Official Document System of the United Nations.","url":"https://transcripts.un.org/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en","llms":{"note":"Plain-text sibling of this page, compact for LLM context. For the full API guide (search, listing, URL grammar) see /llms.txt.","textUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc.txt","guide":"/llms.txt"},"video":{"id":"k1r/k1r6s6jmtc","kaltura_id":"1_r6s6jmtc","title":"Arria Formula Meeting on Safe Seas, Shared Security: Protecting Freedom of Navigation in an Evolving Security Environment","clean_title":"Arria Formula Meeting on Safe Seas, Shared Security: Protecting Freedom of Navigation in an Evolving Security Environment","url":"https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc","date":"2026-09-17T00:00:00.000Z","scheduled_time":"2026-09-17T19:00:00.000Z","status":"finished","duration":"03:13:30","category":"Security Council","body":"Security Council","event_code":null,"event_type":null,"session_number":null,"pv_symbol":null,"pv_part":null,"slug":"asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc"},"metadata":{"summary":"Arria formula meeting on Safe Seas, Shared Security: Protecting Freedom of N organized by the Kingdom of Bahrain.","description":null,"categories":["Meetings & Events","Security Council"],"geographic_subject":[],"subject_topical":["SEAS","FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION","INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY","OCEAN SPACE"],"corporate_name":[],"speaker_affiliation":[],"related_documents":[]},"transcript":{"transcript_id":"scheduled-25438a6f-e194-42d6-be93-14d33ea2e81f","language":"en","data":[{"statement_number":1,"start":5.23,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=0:06","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Your Excellencies, dear colleagues, good evening.","start":5.23,"end":16.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Your","start":5.23,"end":5.47},{"text":"Excellencies,","start":5.47,"end":6.51},{"text":"dear","start":8.99,"end":9.63},{"text":"colleagues,","start":10.19,"end":11.07},{"text":"good","start":16.11,"end":16.35},{"text":"evening.","start":16.35,"end":16.91}]},{"text":"Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, peace and blessings of God be upon you.","start":23.27,"end":27.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Excellencies,","start":23.27,"end":24.39},{"text":"ladies","start":24.39,"end":24.95},{"text":"and","start":24.95,"end":25.11},{"text":"gentlemen,","start":25.11,"end":25.75},{"text":"peace","start":25.75,"end":26.11},{"text":"and","start":26.11,"end":26.27},{"text":"blessings","start":26.27,"end":26.71},{"text":"of","start":26.71,"end":26.79},{"text":"God","start":26.79,"end":27.11},{"text":"be","start":27.11,"end":27.43},{"text":"upon","start":27.43,"end":27.83},{"text":"you.","start":27.83,"end":27.95}]},{"text":"It is my pleasure to welcome you to this RIAA Formula meeting convened by the Kingdom of Bahrain under the title, \"Safe Seas, Shared Security, Protecting Freedom of Navigation in an Evolving Security 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would like to thank the French Republic for its cooperation and its capacity as President of the Security Council for this month, the Secretariat for facilitating the arrangements, the briefers for accepting the invitation and for their effort in preparing for this 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would also like to thank the distinguished delegations for their attendance during a week crowded with commitments.","start":70.31,"end":77.19,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":70.31,"end":70.35},{"text":"would","start":70.35,"end":70.47},{"text":"also","start":70.47,"end":70.71},{"text":"like","start":70.71,"end":70.87},{"text":"to","start":70.87,"end":70.99},{"text":"thank","start":70.99,"end":71.27},{"text":"the","start":71.27,"end":71.35},{"text":"distinguished","start":71.35,"end":71.99},{"text":"delegations","start":71.99,"end":72.79},{"text":"for","start":72.79,"end":72.95},{"text":"their","start":72.95,"end":73.19},{"text":"attendance","start":73.19,"end":73.91},{"text":"during","start":74.15,"end":74.55},{"text":"a","start":74.55,"end":74.59},{"text":"week","start":74.59,"end":75.03},{"text":"crowded","start":75.27,"end":75.99},{"text":"with","start":75.99,"end":76.23},{"text":"commitments.","start":76.23,"end":77.19}]},{"text":"The convening of this meeting is not an isolated event.","start":79.31,"end":84.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":79.31,"end":79.51},{"text":"convening","start":79.63,"end":80.59},{"text":"of","start":80.59,"end":80.83},{"text":"this","start":80.83,"end":81.15},{"text":"meeting","start":81.15,"end":81.79},{"text":"is","start":81.95,"end":82.19},{"text":"not","start":82.19,"end":82.43},{"text":"an","start":82.43,"end":82.59},{"text":"isolated","start":82.59,"end":83.31},{"text":"event.","start":83.35,"end":84.03}]},{"text":"Rather, it is a continuation of a process initiated by the Kingdom last April, when it presided over the Council and convened a high-level meeting on maritime security and the safety of waterways.","start":84.27,"end":100.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Rather,","start":84.27,"end":84.83},{"text":"it","start":85.07,"end":85.31},{"text":"is","start":85.31,"end":85.47},{"text":"a","start":85.55,"end":85.59},{"text":"continuation","start":85.59,"end":86.43},{"text":"of","start":86.43,"end":86.51},{"text":"a","start":86.51,"end":86.59},{"text":"process","start":86.59,"end":87.39},{"text":"initiated","start":87.39,"end":88.19},{"text":"by","start":88.19,"end":88.43},{"text":"the","start":88.43,"end":88.55},{"text":"Kingdom","start":88.55,"end":89.07},{"text":"last","start":89.07,"end":89.47},{"text":"April,","start":89.47,"end":90.27},{"text":"when","start":90.43,"end":91.23},{"text":"it","start":91.31,"end":91.55},{"text":"presided","start":91.55,"end":92.11},{"text":"over","start":92.11,"end":92.35},{"text":"the","start":92.35,"end":92.51},{"text":"Council","start":92.51,"end":93.31},{"text":"and","start":93.55,"end":93.87},{"text":"convened","start":93.87,"end":94.75},{"text":"a","start":94.83,"end":94.87},{"text":"high-level","start":94.87,"end":95.47},{"text":"meeting","start":95.47,"end":96.19},{"text":"on","start":96.59,"end":97.07},{"text":"maritime","start":97.15,"end":97.87},{"text":"security","start":97.87,"end":98.75},{"text":"and","start":98.75,"end":98.91},{"text":"the","start":98.91,"end":98.99},{"text":"safety","start":98.99,"end":99.63},{"text":"of","start":99.63,"end":99.87},{"text":"waterways.","start":99.87,"end":100.83}]},{"text":"Those discussions were concluded with a shared diagnosis of the risks.","start":103.31,"end":110.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Those","start":103.31,"end":103.79},{"text":"discussions","start":103.79,"end":105.15},{"text":"were","start":107.15,"end":107.39},{"text":"concluded","start":107.39,"end":107.95},{"text":"with","start":107.95,"end":108.15},{"text":"a","start":108.15,"end":108.19},{"text":"shared","start":108.19,"end":108.63},{"text":"diagnosis","start":108.63,"end":109.55},{"text":"of","start":109.63,"end":109.83},{"text":"the","start":109.83,"end":109.95},{"text":"risks.","start":109.95,"end":110.43}]},{"text":"What we attempt to do today is to move from the diagnosis to serious action by considering the following questions: What makes an information sharing and early warning mechanism inclusive and sustainable, rather than limited to arrangements with restricted 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can the costs borne by developing countries as a result of disruptions to navigation be measured?","start":135.87,"end":144.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"How","start":135.87,"end":136.35},{"text":"can","start":136.75,"end":137.31},{"text":"the","start":137.47,"end":137.67},{"text":"costs","start":137.71,"end":138.51},{"text":"borne","start":138.75,"end":139.31},{"text":"by","start":139.31,"end":139.55},{"text":"developing","start":139.55,"end":140.19},{"text":"countries","start":140.19,"end":141.15},{"text":"as","start":141.15,"end":141.35},{"text":"a","start":141.35,"end":141.39},{"text":"result","start":141.39,"end":141.87},{"text":"of","start":141.87,"end":141.95},{"text":"disruptions","start":141.95,"end":142.67},{"text":"to","start":142.67,"end":142.83},{"text":"navigation","start":142.83,"end":143.47},{"text":"be","start":143.47,"end":143.63},{"text":"measured?","start":143.63,"end":144.27}]},{"text":"And what mechanisms are available to mitigate them?","start":144.51,"end":147.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":144.51,"end":144.71},{"text":"what","start":144.71,"end":144.91},{"text":"mechanisms","start":144.91,"end":145.55},{"text":"are","start":145.55,"end":145.67},{"text":"available","start":145.67,"end":146.19},{"text":"to","start":146.19,"end":146.39},{"text":"mitigate","start":146.39,"end":146.99},{"text":"them?","start":146.99,"end":147.39}]},{"text":"What role can the Security Council play within its mandate in prevention as well as response, including in situations where an international waterway is threatened by control rather than merely by interference with 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now I give the floor to Her Excellency Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations and the Executive Secretary of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia, ESCWA, Her Excellency Dr. Rania Al Nashat.","start":185.14,"end":201.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":185.14,"end":185.5},{"text":"now","start":185.5,"end":186.02},{"text":"I","start":186.42,"end":186.66},{"text":"give","start":186.66,"end":186.9},{"text":"the","start":186.9,"end":187.1},{"text":"floor","start":187.1,"end":187.7},{"text":"to","start":187.94,"end":188.26},{"text":"Her","start":188.26,"end":188.54},{"text":"Excellency","start":188.54,"end":189.14},{"text":"Under-Secretary-General","start":189.14,"end":190.46},{"text":"of","start":190.46,"end":190.54},{"text":"the","start":190.54,"end":190.62},{"text":"United","start":190.62,"end":191.06},{"text":"Nations","start":191.06,"end":191.78},{"text":"and","start":192.39,"end":192.71},{"text":"the","start":192.79,"end":192.91},{"text":"Executive","start":192.95,"end":193.67},{"text":"Secretary","start":193.67,"end":194.63},{"text":"of","start":194.71,"end":194.95},{"text":"the","start":194.95,"end":195.03},{"text":"United","start":195.03,"end":195.39},{"text":"Nations","start":195.39,"end":196.07},{"text":"Economic","start":196.15,"end":196.63},{"text":"and","start":196.63,"end":196.75},{"text":"Social","start":196.75,"end":197.11},{"text":"Commission","start":197.11,"end":197.75},{"text":"for","start":197.75,"end":197.91},{"text":"Western","start":197.91,"end":198.39},{"text":"Asia,","start":198.39,"end":198.87},{"text":"ESCWA,","start":198.87,"end":199.43},{"text":"Her","start":199.83,"end":200.07},{"text":"Excellency","start":200.07,"end":200.47},{"text":"Dr.","start":200.47,"end":200.91},{"text":"Rania","start":200.91,"end":201.11},{"text":"Al","start":201.11,"end":201.19},{"text":"Nashat.","start":201.19,"end":201.99}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdulatif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":2,"start":206.87,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=3:27","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. President.","start":206.87,"end":207.99,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":206.87,"end":207.19},{"text":"President.","start":207.19,"end":207.99}]},{"text":"Excellencies, members of the Security Council, ladies and gentlemen, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the Kingdom of Bahrain for the initiative of convening this session in these exceptional circumstances and their invitation to ASCO to 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discussion today tackles a critical challenge, which is safe navigation in an environment compounded by challenges and disruptions with the link between security, trade, humanitarian matters.","start":224.87,"end":241.47,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. 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The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":304.19,"end":304.59},{"text":"disruptions","start":304.59,"end":305.39},{"text":"are","start":305.39,"end":305.63},{"text":"clear","start":305.63,"end":306.11},{"text":"from","start":306.11,"end":306.51},{"text":"the","start":306.51,"end":306.75},{"text":"new","start":306.75,"end":306.99},{"text":"developments","start":306.99,"end":307.63},{"text":"in","start":307.63,"end":307.79},{"text":"Bab","start":307.79,"end":307.95},{"text":"al-Mandeb","start":307.95,"end":308.43},{"text":"Strait","start":308.43,"end":308.79},{"text":"over","start":308.79,"end":308.99},{"text":"the","start":308.99,"end":309.11},{"text":"past","start":309.11,"end":309.43},{"text":"few","start":309.43,"end":309.71},{"text":"days.","start":309.71,"end":310.19}]},{"text":"It has proved the risks surrounding waterways and its clear and direct connection to international peace and security.","start":310.43,"end":317.79,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"According","start":416.63,"end":417.07},{"text":"to","start":417.07,"end":417.15},{"text":"the","start":417.15,"end":417.23},{"text":"estimates","start":417.23,"end":417.75},{"text":"of","start":417.75,"end":417.91},{"text":"the","start":417.91,"end":418.03},{"text":"ISWA,","start":418.03,"end":418.67},{"text":"the","start":418.67,"end":418.75},{"text":"cost","start":418.75,"end":419.11},{"text":"of","start":419.11,"end":419.43},{"text":"the","start":419.51,"end":419.71},{"text":"conflict","start":419.71,"end":420.27},{"text":"in","start":420.27,"end":420.39},{"text":"the","start":420.39,"end":420.47},{"text":"first","start":420.47,"end":420.79},{"text":"month","start":420.79,"end":421.07},{"text":"of","start":421.07,"end":421.19},{"text":"the","start":421.19,"end":421.31},{"text":"conflict","start":421.31,"end":421.75},{"text":"reached","start":421.99,"end":422.47},{"text":"$150","start":423.59,"end":423.63},{"text":"billion.","start":423.63,"end":424.43}]},{"text":"This is 4% of the regional GDP.","start":424.55,"end":428.15,"topics":[{"key":"vulnerable-economies","label":"Vulnerable Economies and Small States","description":"A consistent concern was the disproportionate impact of maritime disruption on developing countries, small island states, landlocked countries, and import-dependent economies. 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Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":527.19,"end":527.35},{"text":"conflict","start":527.35,"end":527.91},{"text":"does","start":527.91,"end":528.15},{"text":"not","start":528.15,"end":528.47},{"text":"go","start":528.47,"end":528.87},{"text":"across","start":528.95,"end":529.43},{"text":"borders","start":529.43,"end":530.15},{"text":"through","start":530.15,"end":530.31},{"text":"weapons","start":530.31,"end":530.71},{"text":"alone.","start":530.71,"end":531.27}]},{"text":"The safety of waterways is not an objective in and of itself, but a precondition for development.","start":531.43,"end":538.07,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. 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Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":531.43,"end":531.63},{"text":"safety","start":531.63,"end":532.15},{"text":"of","start":532.15,"end":532.31},{"text":"waterways","start":532.31,"end":532.87},{"text":"is","start":532.87,"end":533.03},{"text":"not","start":533.03,"end":533.23},{"text":"an","start":533.23,"end":533.35},{"text":"objective","start":533.35,"end":534.11},{"text":"in","start":534.39,"end":534.87},{"text":"and","start":534.95,"end":535.19},{"text":"of","start":535.19,"end":535.35},{"text":"itself,","start":535.35,"end":535.91},{"text":"but","start":535.91,"end":536.31},{"text":"a","start":536.55,"end":536.59},{"text":"precondition","start":536.59,"end":537.35},{"text":"for","start":537.35,"end":537.51},{"text":"development.","start":537.51,"end":538.07}]},{"text":"Thus, we must see safe seas as part of collective security, not just a narrow objective.","start":538.07,"end":546.31,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"Thus,","start":538.07,"end":538.31},{"text":"we","start":538.31,"end":538.39},{"text":"must","start":538.39,"end":538.71},{"text":"see","start":538.79,"end":539.35},{"text":"safe","start":539.59,"end":539.99},{"text":"seas","start":540.07,"end":540.55},{"text":"as","start":540.55,"end":540.71},{"text":"part","start":540.71,"end":541.19},{"text":"of","start":541.19,"end":541.51},{"text":"collective","start":541.51,"end":542.23},{"text":"security,","start":542.31,"end":543.11},{"text":"not","start":543.19,"end":543.51},{"text":"just","start":543.51,"end":543.95},{"text":"a","start":543.95,"end":543.99},{"text":"narrow","start":543.99,"end":544.79},{"text":"objective.","start":545.35,"end":546.31}]},{"text":"No matter how great a country is, they cannot not face such challenges alone.","start":546.39,"end":551.59,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"No","start":546.39,"end":546.59},{"text":"matter","start":546.59,"end":546.83},{"text":"how","start":546.83,"end":547.19},{"text":"great","start":547.19,"end":547.63},{"text":"a","start":547.63,"end":547.67},{"text":"country","start":547.67,"end":548.15},{"text":"is,","start":548.15,"end":548.43},{"text":"they","start":548.43,"end":548.51},{"text":"cannot","start":548.51,"end":548.95},{"text":"not","start":549.59,"end":549.83},{"text":"face","start":549.83,"end":550.11},{"text":"such","start":550.11,"end":550.43},{"text":"challenges","start":550.43,"end":551.03},{"text":"alone.","start":551.03,"end":551.59}]},{"text":"Mr. President, confronting the current challenge necessitates effective and coherent response based on three interconnected pillars.","start":551.59,"end":561.91,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":551.59,"end":551.99},{"text":"President,","start":551.99,"end":552.71},{"text":"confronting","start":553.35,"end":554.15},{"text":"the","start":554.15,"end":554.31},{"text":"current","start":554.31,"end":554.71},{"text":"challenge","start":554.71,"end":555.19},{"text":"necessitates","start":555.19,"end":556.23},{"text":"effective","start":556.71,"end":557.51},{"text":"and","start":557.75,"end":557.99},{"text":"coherent","start":557.99,"end":558.87},{"text":"response","start":558.87,"end":559.63},{"text":"based","start":559.63,"end":559.95},{"text":"on","start":559.95,"end":560.07},{"text":"three","start":560.07,"end":560.55},{"text":"interconnected","start":560.55,"end":561.43},{"text":"pillars.","start":561.43,"end":561.91}]},{"text":"First, safe waterways and the security of vessels and waterways in line with international law.","start":561.91,"end":570.19,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":561.91,"end":562.39},{"text":"safe","start":563.43,"end":563.87},{"text":"waterways","start":563.87,"end":564.79},{"text":"and","start":564.79,"end":565.39},{"text":"the","start":565.39,"end":565.47},{"text":"security","start":565.47,"end":566.15},{"text":"of","start":566.15,"end":566.59},{"text":"vessels","start":566.59,"end":567.35},{"text":"and","start":567.59,"end":567.99},{"text":"waterways","start":567.99,"end":568.71},{"text":"in","start":568.71,"end":568.79},{"text":"line","start":568.79,"end":569.03},{"text":"with","start":569.03,"end":569.27},{"text":"international","start":569.27,"end":570.11},{"text":"law.","start":570.11,"end":570.19}]},{"text":"These are pillars for stability and development, protecting the influx of energy, security, and food to ensure productivity.","start":570.19,"end":577.35,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":570.19,"end":570.55},{"text":"are","start":570.55,"end":570.71},{"text":"pillars","start":570.71,"end":571.19},{"text":"for","start":571.19,"end":571.43},{"text":"stability","start":571.43,"end":571.95},{"text":"and","start":571.95,"end":572.11},{"text":"development,","start":572.11,"end":572.71},{"text":"protecting","start":572.87,"end":573.67},{"text":"the","start":573.67,"end":573.75},{"text":"influx","start":573.75,"end":574.31},{"text":"of","start":574.31,"end":574.47},{"text":"energy,","start":574.63,"end":575.03},{"text":"security,","start":575.03,"end":575.55},{"text":"and","start":575.55,"end":575.79},{"text":"food","start":575.79,"end":576.15},{"text":"to","start":576.23,"end":576.43},{"text":"ensure","start":576.43,"end":576.63},{"text":"productivity.","start":576.63,"end":577.35}]},{"text":"Second, containing conflict and containing its repercussions across borders to also contain the repercussions on people and trade.","start":577.43,"end":588.07,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. 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The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":577.43,"end":577.99},{"text":"containing","start":578.07,"end":579.03},{"text":"conflict","start":579.55,"end":579.91},{"text":"and","start":580.15,"end":580.55},{"text":"containing","start":580.63,"end":581.19},{"text":"its","start":581.19,"end":581.51},{"text":"repercussions","start":581.51,"end":582.39},{"text":"across","start":582.55,"end":582.87},{"text":"borders","start":582.87,"end":583.51},{"text":"to","start":583.67,"end":583.91},{"text":"also","start":583.91,"end":584.39},{"text":"contain","start":584.39,"end":584.87},{"text":"the","start":584.87,"end":584.99},{"text":"repercussions","start":584.99,"end":585.83},{"text":"on","start":585.99,"end":586.23},{"text":"people","start":586.63,"end":587.19},{"text":"and","start":587.19,"end":587.59},{"text":"trade.","start":587.59,"end":588.07}]},{"text":"We have to also consolidate our effort to ensure the influx of basic services.","start":588.23,"end":595.11,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. 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The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."},{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"Port","start":886.23,"end":886.43},{"text":"congestion","start":886.43,"end":887.27},{"text":"is","start":887.43,"end":887.75},{"text":"magnifying","start":887.75,"end":888.47},{"text":"the","start":888.47,"end":888.59},{"text":"pressure.","start":888.59,"end":889.03}]},{"text":"In early September, vessel berthing delays at Salalah reached 36 hours.","start":889.55,"end":895.35,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. 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Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"That","start":1070.67,"end":1070.91},{"text":"means","start":1070.91,"end":1071.31},{"text":"stronger","start":1071.63,"end":1072.27},{"text":"early","start":1072.35,"end":1072.59},{"text":"warning","start":1072.59,"end":1072.99},{"text":"data,","start":1072.99,"end":1073.55},{"text":"contingency","start":1073.99,"end":1074.63},{"text":"planning,","start":1074.63,"end":1075.11},{"text":"trade","start":1075.43,"end":1075.71},{"text":"facilitation,","start":1075.71,"end":1076.55},{"text":"and","start":1076.87,"end":1077.11},{"text":"more","start":1077.11,"end":1077.39},{"text":"resilient","start":1077.39,"end":1077.83},{"text":"ports","start":1077.83,"end":1078.39},{"text":"and","start":1078.43,"end":1078.63},{"text":"transit","start":1078.63,"end":1078.99},{"text":"corridors","start":1078.99,"end":1079.59},{"text":"with","start":1079.91,"end":1080.07},{"text":"particular","start":1080.07,"end":1080.63},{"text":"support","start":1080.63,"end":1081.11},{"text":"for","start":1081.43,"end":1081.59},{"text":"LDCs,","start":1081.59,"end":1082.51},{"text":"SIDS,","start":1082.51,"end":1082.95},{"text":"and","start":1083.03,"end":1083.27},{"text":"LLDCs.","start":1083.27,"end":1084.39}]},{"text":"Safe navigation is not only a principle of international security.","start":1085.67,"end":1089.43,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1089.87,"end":1089.95},{"text":"is","start":1089.99,"end":1090.11},{"text":"a","start":1090.11,"end":1090.15},{"text":"condition","start":1090.15,"end":1090.79},{"text":"for","start":1090.79,"end":1091.03},{"text":"stable","start":1091.03,"end":1091.43},{"text":"trade,","start":1091.43,"end":1091.99},{"text":"food","start":1092.07,"end":1092.31},{"text":"security,","start":1092.31,"end":1093.03},{"text":"and","start":1093.35,"end":1093.55},{"text":"sustainable","start":1093.55,"end":1094.07},{"text":"development.","start":1094.07,"end":1094.63}]},{"text":"UNCTAD stands ready to support member states in this area through analysis, practical solutions, on the trade and transport expertise needed to turn commitments into results.","start":1095.31,"end":1106.59,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. 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Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."}],"words":[{"text":"UNCTAD","start":1095.31,"end":1095.67},{"text":"stands","start":1095.67,"end":1096.07},{"text":"ready","start":1096.07,"end":1096.39},{"text":"to","start":1096.39,"end":1096.51},{"text":"support","start":1096.55,"end":1096.91},{"text":"member","start":1096.91,"end":1097.15},{"text":"states","start":1097.15,"end":1097.63},{"text":"in","start":1097.63,"end":1097.75},{"text":"this","start":1097.75,"end":1097.91},{"text":"area","start":1097.91,"end":1098.47},{"text":"through","start":1098.55,"end":1098.75},{"text":"analysis,","start":1098.75,"end":1099.31},{"text":"practical","start":1099.31,"end":1099.79},{"text":"solutions,","start":1099.79,"end":1100.47},{"text":"on","start":1101.03,"end":1101.07},{"text":"the","start":1101.07,"end":1101.19},{"text":"trade","start":1101.19,"end":1101.63},{"text":"and","start":1101.63,"end":1101.83},{"text":"transport","start":1101.83,"end":1102.39},{"text":"expertise","start":1102.39,"end":1103.23},{"text":"needed","start":1103.23,"end":1103.63},{"text":"to","start":1103.63,"end":1103.83},{"text":"turn","start":1104.35,"end":1104.75},{"text":"commitments","start":1104.75,"end":1105.55},{"text":"into","start":1105.79,"end":1106.11},{"text":"results.","start":1106.11,"end":1106.59}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":1107.07,"end":1114.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1107.07,"end":1107.23},{"text":"thank","start":1107.23,"end":1107.47},{"text":"you.","start":1113.95,"end":1114.11}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Pedro Manuel Moreno","affiliation":"UNCTAD","affiliation_full":"UNCTAD","group":null,"function":"Acting Secretary-General; 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Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1147.55,"end":1147.67},{"text":"International","start":1147.67,"end":1148.27},{"text":"Chamber","start":1148.27,"end":1148.59},{"text":"of","start":1148.59,"end":1148.67},{"text":"Shipping,","start":1148.67,"end":1149.07},{"text":"ICS,","start":1149.07,"end":1149.87},{"text":"warmly","start":1150.27,"end":1150.67},{"text":"praises","start":1150.67,"end":1151.07},{"text":"the","start":1151.07,"end":1151.23},{"text":"Kingdom","start":1151.23,"end":1151.63},{"text":"of","start":1151.67,"end":1151.75},{"text":"Bahrain","start":1151.75,"end":1152.19},{"text":"for","start":1152.19,"end":1152.35},{"text":"organizing","start":1152.35,"end":1152.91},{"text":"this","start":1152.91,"end":1153.15},{"text":"very","start":1153.15,"end":1153.35},{"text":"important","start":1153.35,"end":1153.79},{"text":"area","start":1153.79,"end":1153.99},{"text":"of","start":1153.99,"end":1154.11},{"text":"formula","start":1154.11,"end":1154.59},{"text":"Security","start":1155.07,"end":1155.55},{"text":"Council","start":1155.55,"end":1156.03},{"text":"meeting","start":1156.03,"end":1156.59},{"text":"at","start":1156.99,"end":1157.11},{"text":"such","start":1157.15,"end":1157.39},{"text":"a","start":1157.39,"end":1157.43},{"text":"grave","start":1157.43,"end":1157.95},{"text":"time","start":1158.11,"end":1158.67},{"text":"and","start":1158.91,"end":1159.07},{"text":"concern","start":1159.07,"end":1159.55},{"text":"for","start":1159.55,"end":1159.71},{"text":"the","start":1159.71,"end":1159.79},{"text":"international","start":1159.79,"end":1160.43},{"text":"shipping","start":1160.43,"end":1160.91},{"text":"for","start":1161.15,"end":1161.39},{"text":"seafarers.","start":1161.39,"end":1162.11}]},{"text":"as well as, of course, for global trade system.","start":1162.63,"end":1164.99,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"as","start":1162.63,"end":1162.75},{"text":"well","start":1162.75,"end":1162.91},{"text":"as,","start":1162.91,"end":1163.07},{"text":"of","start":1163.07,"end":1163.23},{"text":"course,","start":1163.23,"end":1163.47},{"text":"for","start":1163.47,"end":1163.63},{"text":"global","start":1163.63,"end":1164.11},{"text":"trade","start":1164.23,"end":1164.47},{"text":"system.","start":1164.51,"end":1164.99}]},{"text":"Excellency Minister, many thanks for inviting ICS to participate.","start":1165.95,"end":1169.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Excellency","start":1165.95,"end":1166.47},{"text":"Minister,","start":1166.51,"end":1166.83},{"text":"many","start":1167.31,"end":1167.63},{"text":"thanks","start":1167.63,"end":1167.83},{"text":"for","start":1167.83,"end":1167.95},{"text":"inviting","start":1167.95,"end":1168.43},{"text":"ICS","start":1168.43,"end":1168.75},{"text":"to","start":1168.75,"end":1168.83},{"text":"participate.","start":1168.83,"end":1169.31}]},{"text":"As the global trade association representing shipowners and ship operators around the world and the global shipowner national associations with over 80% of the commercial fleet, we come before the Security Council today with one simple message: shipping must not be held to ransom.","start":1171.07,"end":1193.71,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":1171.07,"end":1171.31},{"text":"the","start":1171.31,"end":1171.43},{"text":"global","start":1171.55,"end":1171.99},{"text":"trade","start":1171.99,"end":1172.27},{"text":"association","start":1172.27,"end":1173.07},{"text":"representing","start":1173.31,"end":1174.19},{"text":"shipowners","start":1174.75,"end":1175.27},{"text":"and","start":1175.27,"end":1175.39},{"text":"ship","start":1175.39,"end":1175.55},{"text":"operators","start":1175.59,"end":1176.43},{"text":"around","start":1177.31,"end":1177.67},{"text":"the","start":1177.67,"end":1177.75},{"text":"world","start":1177.75,"end":1178.07},{"text":"and","start":1178.99,"end":1179.31},{"text":"the","start":1179.31,"end":1179.43},{"text":"global","start":1179.47,"end":1180.03},{"text":"shipowner","start":1180.19,"end":1180.67},{"text":"national","start":1180.67,"end":1181.15},{"text":"associations","start":1181.15,"end":1181.71},{"text":"with","start":1181.71,"end":1181.87},{"text":"over","start":1181.95,"end":1182.27},{"text":"80%","start":1182.43,"end":1182.47},{"text":"of","start":1182.47,"end":1182.55},{"text":"the","start":1182.55,"end":1182.67},{"text":"commercial","start":1182.67,"end":1183.51},{"text":"fleet,","start":1183.51,"end":1183.95},{"text":"we","start":1184.67,"end":1184.83},{"text":"come","start":1184.83,"end":1185.11},{"text":"before","start":1185.11,"end":1185.47},{"text":"the","start":1185.47,"end":1185.55},{"text":"Security","start":1185.55,"end":1185.95},{"text":"Council","start":1185.95,"end":1186.35},{"text":"today","start":1186.35,"end":1186.67},{"text":"with","start":1186.67,"end":1186.83},{"text":"one","start":1186.83,"end":1187.39},{"text":"simple","start":1187.71,"end":1188.51},{"text":"message:","start":1188.75,"end":1189.39},{"text":"shipping","start":1190.51,"end":1191.15},{"text":"must","start":1191.75,"end":1191.95},{"text":"not","start":1191.95,"end":1192.15},{"text":"be","start":1192.15,"end":1192.35},{"text":"held","start":1192.35,"end":1192.75},{"text":"to","start":1192.99,"end":1193.15},{"text":"ransom.","start":1193.15,"end":1193.71}]},{"text":"More than 90% of the world trade is carried by ships.","start":1196.59,"end":1199.31,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"More","start":1196.59,"end":1196.75},{"text":"than","start":1196.75,"end":1197.15},{"text":"90%","start":1197.15,"end":1197.19},{"text":"of","start":1197.19,"end":1197.27},{"text":"the","start":1197.27,"end":1197.39},{"text":"world","start":1197.43,"end":1198.03},{"text":"trade","start":1198.03,"end":1198.23},{"text":"is","start":1198.23,"end":1198.35},{"text":"carried","start":1198.35,"end":1198.67},{"text":"by","start":1198.67,"end":1198.83},{"text":"ships.","start":1198.83,"end":1199.31}]},{"text":"Behind every ship, there are seafarers carrying food, energy, medicines, raw material, and essential goods to communicate around the world.","start":1200.35,"end":1210.79,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. 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Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"Behind","start":1200.35,"end":1200.79},{"text":"every","start":1200.79,"end":1201.03},{"text":"ship,","start":1201.03,"end":1201.39},{"text":"there","start":1201.55,"end":1201.83},{"text":"are","start":1201.83,"end":1201.95},{"text":"seafarers","start":1201.95,"end":1202.67},{"text":"carrying","start":1203.47,"end":1203.87},{"text":"food,","start":1203.87,"end":1204.35},{"text":"energy,","start":1204.75,"end":1205.39},{"text":"medicines,","start":1206.19,"end":1206.83},{"text":"raw","start":1206.83,"end":1206.91},{"text":"material,","start":1206.91,"end":1207.71},{"text":"and","start":1207.95,"end":1208.15},{"text":"essential","start":1208.15,"end":1208.63},{"text":"goods","start":1208.63,"end":1208.83},{"text":"to","start":1208.83,"end":1208.95},{"text":"communicate","start":1208.95,"end":1209.43},{"text":"around","start":1209.87,"end":1210.35},{"text":"the","start":1210.35,"end":1210.47},{"text":"world.","start":1210.47,"end":1210.79}]},{"text":"They are civilians.","start":1212.35,"end":1213.47,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":1212.35,"end":1212.55},{"text":"are","start":1212.55,"end":1212.67},{"text":"civilians.","start":1212.67,"end":1213.47}]},{"text":"They are not parties to geopolitical conflicts.","start":1214.03,"end":1217.23,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. 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Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":1218.19,"end":1218.31},{"text":"such,","start":1218.31,"end":1218.67},{"text":"they","start":1218.67,"end":1218.87},{"text":"must","start":1218.87,"end":1219.15},{"text":"not","start":1219.15,"end":1219.39},{"text":"be","start":1219.39,"end":1219.79},{"text":"become","start":1220.63,"end":1221.23},{"text":"collateral","start":1221.39,"end":1221.95},{"text":"to","start":1221.95,"end":1222.07},{"text":"those,","start":1222.07,"end":1222.51},{"text":"Mr.","start":1222.91,"end":1223.15},{"text":"Chairman.","start":1223.15,"end":1223.55}]},{"text":"The situation in the Strait of Hormuz and the region demonstrates why this matters.","start":1224.75,"end":1229.79,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1224.75,"end":1224.91},{"text":"situation","start":1224.91,"end":1225.35},{"text":"in","start":1225.35,"end":1225.43},{"text":"the","start":1225.43,"end":1225.51},{"text":"Strait","start":1225.51,"end":1225.75},{"text":"of","start":1225.75,"end":1225.87},{"text":"Hormuz","start":1225.87,"end":1226.51},{"text":"and","start":1226.51,"end":1226.75},{"text":"the","start":1226.75,"end":1226.83},{"text":"region","start":1226.83,"end":1227.23},{"text":"demonstrates","start":1227.23,"end":1227.79},{"text":"why","start":1227.79,"end":1228.19},{"text":"this","start":1228.91,"end":1229.15},{"text":"matters.","start":1229.15,"end":1229.79}]},{"text":"It is one of the world's most important arteries of international commerce, carrying approximately one quarter of global seaborne oil trade and major volumes of LNG and fertilizers.","start":1230.95,"end":1243.15,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."},{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1230.95,"end":1231.03},{"text":"is","start":1231.03,"end":1231.15},{"text":"one","start":1231.15,"end":1231.35},{"text":"of","start":1231.35,"end":1231.43},{"text":"the","start":1231.43,"end":1231.51},{"text":"world's","start":1231.51,"end":1232.03},{"text":"most","start":1232.03,"end":1232.35},{"text":"important","start":1232.35,"end":1232.87},{"text":"arteries","start":1232.87,"end":1233.27},{"text":"of","start":1233.27,"end":1233.35},{"text":"international","start":1233.35,"end":1234.11},{"text":"commerce,","start":1234.43,"end":1235.07},{"text":"carrying","start":1235.63,"end":1235.95},{"text":"approximately","start":1235.95,"end":1236.91},{"text":"one","start":1236.99,"end":1237.31},{"text":"quarter","start":1237.31,"end":1237.71},{"text":"of","start":1237.71,"end":1237.79},{"text":"global","start":1237.79,"end":1238.19},{"text":"seaborne","start":1238.19,"end":1238.59},{"text":"oil","start":1238.67,"end":1238.91},{"text":"trade","start":1238.91,"end":1239.23},{"text":"and","start":1240.03,"end":1240.19},{"text":"major","start":1240.19,"end":1240.67},{"text":"volumes","start":1240.67,"end":1241.31},{"text":"of","start":1241.67,"end":1241.79},{"text":"LNG","start":1241.79,"end":1242.19},{"text":"and","start":1242.19,"end":1242.35},{"text":"fertilizers.","start":1242.35,"end":1243.15}]},{"text":"The disruption has been extraordinary.","start":1244.03,"end":1247.15,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1244.03,"end":1244.15},{"text":"disruption","start":1244.15,"end":1244.99},{"text":"has","start":1245.39,"end":1245.63},{"text":"been","start":1245.63,"end":1245.95},{"text":"extraordinary.","start":1246.11,"end":1247.15}]},{"text":"As we've heard from UCTAD before, Recorded shipping transits through the strait fell by around 95% during this crisis.","start":1248.59,"end":1256.83,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."},{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."},{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. Speakers warned that maritime rules and response tools must adapt to these evolving and hybrid forms of insecurity."}],"words":[{"text":"More","start":1257.79,"end":1258.07},{"text":"worrying","start":1258.07,"end":1258.51},{"text":"though,","start":1258.51,"end":1258.75},{"text":"the","start":1258.75,"end":1258.83},{"text":"International","start":1258.83,"end":1259.51},{"text":"Maritime","start":1259.51,"end":1260.03},{"text":"Organization","start":1260.03,"end":1260.91},{"text":"confirmed","start":1261.15,"end":1261.75},{"text":"incident","start":1261.75,"end":1262.31},{"text":"record","start":1262.31,"end":1262.75},{"text":"has","start":1262.75,"end":1263.07},{"text":"documented","start":1263.31,"end":1264.03},{"text":"dozens","start":1264.43,"end":1265.23},{"text":"of","start":1265.67,"end":1265.79},{"text":"attacks","start":1265.79,"end":1266.27},{"text":"and","start":1266.35,"end":1266.51},{"text":"serious","start":1266.51,"end":1266.83},{"text":"incidents","start":1266.83,"end":1267.35},{"text":"involving","start":1267.35,"end":1267.71},{"text":"commercial","start":1267.71,"end":1268.43},{"text":"shipping,","start":1268.43,"end":1268.99},{"text":"with","start":1269.55,"end":1269.71},{"text":"seafarers","start":1269.71,"end":1270.35},{"text":"killed,","start":1270.35,"end":1270.99},{"text":"injured,","start":1271.55,"end":1272.15},{"text":"captured","start":1272.51,"end":1273.11},{"text":"and","start":1273.39,"end":1273.63},{"text":"missing.","start":1273.63,"end":1274.03}]},{"text":"The human cost is devastating.","start":1275.15,"end":1276.91,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1275.15,"end":1275.27},{"text":"human","start":1275.31,"end":1275.59},{"text":"cost","start":1275.59,"end":1275.99},{"text":"is","start":1275.99,"end":1276.11},{"text":"devastating.","start":1276.11,"end":1276.91}]},{"text":"22 seafarers have already sadly lost their lives, not to mention the many more such casualties at the Black Sea and elsewhere.","start":1277.59,"end":1285.71,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"22","start":1277.59,"end":1278.35},{"text":"seafarers","start":1278.35,"end":1279.07},{"text":"have","start":1279.15,"end":1279.31},{"text":"already","start":1279.31,"end":1279.63},{"text":"sadly","start":1279.63,"end":1280.03},{"text":"lost","start":1280.03,"end":1280.39},{"text":"their","start":1280.39,"end":1280.51},{"text":"lives,","start":1280.51,"end":1281.07},{"text":"not","start":1281.39,"end":1281.67},{"text":"to","start":1281.67,"end":1281.79},{"text":"mention","start":1281.79,"end":1282.27},{"text":"the","start":1282.27,"end":1282.43},{"text":"many","start":1282.43,"end":1282.67},{"text":"more","start":1282.67,"end":1282.99},{"text":"such","start":1282.99,"end":1283.31},{"text":"casualties","start":1283.31,"end":1283.95},{"text":"at","start":1283.99,"end":1284.07},{"text":"the","start":1284.07,"end":1284.19},{"text":"Black","start":1284.19,"end":1284.39},{"text":"Sea","start":1284.39,"end":1284.83},{"text":"and","start":1285.07,"end":1285.27},{"text":"elsewhere.","start":1285.27,"end":1285.71}]},{"text":"These are not statistics.","start":1287.15,"end":1289.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":1287.15,"end":1287.71},{"text":"are","start":1287.87,"end":1287.99},{"text":"not","start":1287.99,"end":1288.27},{"text":"statistics.","start":1288.27,"end":1289.15}]},{"text":"They are people who went to sea to do their job and support their families.","start":1289.55,"end":1294.03,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":1289.55,"end":1289.71},{"text":"are","start":1289.71,"end":1289.79},{"text":"people","start":1289.79,"end":1290.43},{"text":"who","start":1291.15,"end":1291.35},{"text":"went","start":1291.35,"end":1291.59},{"text":"to","start":1291.59,"end":1291.67},{"text":"sea","start":1291.67,"end":1291.87},{"text":"to","start":1291.87,"end":1291.95},{"text":"do","start":1291.95,"end":1292.03},{"text":"their","start":1292.03,"end":1292.19},{"text":"job","start":1292.19,"end":1292.55},{"text":"and","start":1292.55,"end":1292.67},{"text":"support","start":1292.67,"end":1293.15},{"text":"their","start":1293.15,"end":1293.31},{"text":"families.","start":1293.31,"end":1294.03}]},{"text":"This is not simply a shipping crisis.","start":1295.23,"end":1297.71,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1295.23,"end":1295.39},{"text":"is","start":1295.39,"end":1295.55},{"text":"not","start":1295.55,"end":1295.71},{"text":"simply","start":1295.71,"end":1296.43},{"text":"a","start":1296.59,"end":1296.63},{"text":"shipping","start":1296.63,"end":1297.07},{"text":"crisis.","start":1297.07,"end":1297.71}]},{"text":"It is a crisis for people, for trade, and for the global economy.","start":1298.75,"end":1303.55,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1298.75,"end":1298.87},{"text":"is","start":1298.87,"end":1298.99},{"text":"a","start":1298.99,"end":1299.07},{"text":"crisis","start":1299.07,"end":1299.55},{"text":"for","start":1299.55,"end":1299.71},{"text":"people,","start":1299.71,"end":1300.27},{"text":"for","start":1300.91,"end":1301.23},{"text":"trade,","start":1301.23,"end":1301.63},{"text":"and","start":1302.19,"end":1302.35},{"text":"for","start":1302.35,"end":1302.51},{"text":"the","start":1302.51,"end":1302.59},{"text":"global","start":1302.59,"end":1302.99},{"text":"economy.","start":1302.99,"end":1303.55}]},{"text":"In addition to this very serious humanitarian issue, we also raised today our major concern regarding the legal status of the strait.","start":1305.07,"end":1313.67,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."},{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1305.07,"end":1305.15},{"text":"addition","start":1305.15,"end":1305.51},{"text":"to","start":1305.51,"end":1305.59},{"text":"this","start":1305.59,"end":1305.83},{"text":"very","start":1305.91,"end":1306.15},{"text":"serious","start":1306.15,"end":1306.47},{"text":"humanitarian","start":1306.47,"end":1307.15},{"text":"issue,","start":1307.15,"end":1307.67},{"text":"we","start":1307.67,"end":1307.87},{"text":"also","start":1307.87,"end":1308.23},{"text":"raised","start":1308.23,"end":1308.55},{"text":"today","start":1308.55,"end":1309.11},{"text":"our","start":1309.27,"end":1309.43},{"text":"major","start":1309.43,"end":1310.07},{"text":"concern","start":1310.07,"end":1310.79},{"text":"regarding","start":1311.03,"end":1311.51},{"text":"the","start":1311.51,"end":1311.67},{"text":"legal","start":1311.67,"end":1312.15},{"text":"status","start":1312.15,"end":1312.95},{"text":"of","start":1313.03,"end":1313.11},{"text":"the","start":1313.11,"end":1313.23},{"text":"strait.","start":1313.23,"end":1313.67}]},{"text":"RCS position is clear.","start":1314.59,"end":1316.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"RCS","start":1314.59,"end":1315.11},{"text":"position","start":1315.11,"end":1315.83},{"text":"is","start":1315.99,"end":1316.23},{"text":"clear.","start":1316.23,"end":1316.71}]},{"text":"The Strait of Hormuz is a maritime passage used for international navigation, and the right of transit passage must be respected in accordance with international law.","start":1317.99,"end":1328.67,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1317.99,"end":1318.11},{"text":"Strait","start":1318.15,"end":1318.47},{"text":"of","start":1318.47,"end":1318.55},{"text":"Hormuz","start":1318.55,"end":1318.95},{"text":"is","start":1318.95,"end":1319.11},{"text":"a","start":1319.11,"end":1319.19},{"text":"maritime","start":1319.19,"end":1319.83},{"text":"passage","start":1319.83,"end":1320.39},{"text":"used","start":1320.39,"end":1320.63},{"text":"for","start":1320.63,"end":1320.75},{"text":"international","start":1320.75,"end":1321.47},{"text":"navigation,","start":1321.47,"end":1322.31},{"text":"and","start":1322.87,"end":1323.11},{"text":"the","start":1323.11,"end":1323.19},{"text":"right","start":1323.19,"end":1323.59},{"text":"of","start":1323.59,"end":1323.75},{"text":"transit","start":1323.75,"end":1324.23},{"text":"passage","start":1324.23,"end":1324.87},{"text":"must","start":1325.03,"end":1325.55},{"text":"be","start":1325.55,"end":1325.75},{"text":"respected","start":1325.75,"end":1326.63},{"text":"in","start":1326.95,"end":1327.15},{"text":"accordance","start":1327.15,"end":1327.59},{"text":"with","start":1327.59,"end":1327.71},{"text":"international","start":1327.71,"end":1328.59},{"text":"law.","start":1328.59,"end":1328.67}]},{"text":"The ability of commercial ships to navigate international waters safely, predictably, and without unnecessary impediment is crucial to international maritime law and to the global trade system.","start":1330.07,"end":1343.19,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"Ultimately,","start":1415.43,"end":1416.23},{"text":"It","start":1417.11,"end":1417.15},{"text":"will","start":1417.15,"end":1417.35},{"text":"disproportionately","start":1417.35,"end":1418.11},{"text":"affect","start":1418.11,"end":1418.51},{"text":"developing","start":1418.51,"end":1419.03},{"text":"countries,","start":1419.03,"end":1419.59},{"text":"small","start":1419.59,"end":1419.99},{"text":"island","start":1419.99,"end":1420.39},{"text":"states,","start":1420.39,"end":1420.87},{"text":"and","start":1421.27,"end":1421.47},{"text":"countries","start":1421.47,"end":1421.95},{"text":"that","start":1421.95,"end":1422.07},{"text":"heavily","start":1422.07,"end":1422.55},{"text":"depend","start":1422.55,"end":1423.03},{"text":"on","start":1423.11,"end":1423.27},{"text":"imported","start":1423.27,"end":1423.75},{"text":"energy","start":1423.75,"end":1424.19},{"text":"and","start":1424.19,"end":1424.31},{"text":"food.","start":1424.31,"end":1424.63}]},{"text":"Excellencies, we are already seeing the consequences when shipping is forced away from established routes.","start":1426.07,"end":1432.79,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. 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The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":1524.31,"end":1524.67},{"text":"Chairman,","start":1524.67,"end":1525.03},{"text":"Excellencies,","start":1525.11,"end":1525.83},{"text":"nearly","start":1526.71,"end":1526.95},{"text":"1","start":1526.95,"end":1527.19},{"text":"billion","start":1527.19,"end":1527.75},{"text":"people","start":1527.91,"end":1528.31},{"text":"live","start":1528.31,"end":1528.47},{"text":"in","start":1528.47,"end":1528.63},{"text":"countries","start":1528.63,"end":1529.19},{"text":"highly","start":1529.27,"end":1529.55},{"text":"exposed","start":1529.55,"end":1529.99},{"text":"to","start":1529.99,"end":1530.11},{"text":"rising","start":1530.11,"end":1530.47},{"text":"fuel","start":1530.47,"end":1530.71},{"text":"costs,","start":1530.71,"end":1531.19},{"text":"with","start":1531.67,"end":1531.91},{"text":"vulnerable","start":1531.91,"end":1532.47},{"text":"economies,","start":1532.47,"end":1533.11},{"text":"face","start":1533.71,"end":1533.87},{"text":"potentially","start":1533.87,"end":1534.51},{"text":"billions","start":1534.51,"end":1534.95},{"text":"of","start":1534.95,"end":1535.07},{"text":"dollars","start":1535.07,"end":1535.43},{"text":"of","start":1535.43,"end":1535.55},{"text":"additional","start":1535.55,"end":1536.19},{"text":"energy","start":1536.19,"end":1536.63},{"text":"import","start":1536.63,"end":1537.15},{"text":"costs.","start":1537.23,"end":1537.71}]},{"text":"Ships can manage operational risks.","start":1538.91,"end":1541.95,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ships","start":1538.91,"end":1539.47},{"text":"can","start":1539.79,"end":1540.03},{"text":"manage","start":1540.03,"end":1540.47},{"text":"operational","start":1540.47,"end":1541.07},{"text":"risks.","start":1541.47,"end":1541.95}]},{"text":"They cannot navigate indefinitely, though, through political uncertainty.","start":1542.59,"end":1546.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":1542.59,"end":1542.83},{"text":"cannot","start":1542.83,"end":1543.31},{"text":"navigate","start":1543.31,"end":1543.79},{"text":"indefinitely,","start":1543.79,"end":1544.51},{"text":"though,","start":1544.51,"end":1544.91},{"text":"through","start":1544.99,"end":1545.23},{"text":"political","start":1545.23,"end":1545.79},{"text":"uncertainty.","start":1545.79,"end":1546.59}]},{"text":"Seafarers can perform their duties.","start":1547.31,"end":1550.19,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. 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Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"Political","start":1570.59,"end":1571.11},{"text":"action","start":1571.11,"end":1571.63},{"text":"is","start":1571.87,"end":1572.11},{"text":"required","start":1572.11,"end":1572.79},{"text":"urgently.","start":1573.31,"end":1573.95}]},{"text":"I will end with three clear requests from the international shipping industry.","start":1574.83,"end":1579.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":1574.83,"end":1574.99},{"text":"will","start":1574.99,"end":1575.15},{"text":"end","start":1575.15,"end":1575.47},{"text":"with","start":1576.03,"end":1576.23},{"text":"three","start":1576.23,"end":1576.67},{"text":"clear","start":1576.83,"end":1577.27},{"text":"requests","start":1577.27,"end":1577.75},{"text":"from","start":1577.75,"end":1577.91},{"text":"the","start":1577.91,"end":1577.99},{"text":"international","start":1577.99,"end":1578.59},{"text":"shipping","start":1578.59,"end":1578.95},{"text":"industry.","start":1578.95,"end":1579.39}]},{"text":"First, freedom of navigation must not be conditional.","start":1580.35,"end":1584.43,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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now give the floor to Ms. Beate Andress, Assistant Director General for the Regions and Director of the Office of Director General of the International Labour Organization, joining us by 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bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":8,"start":1654.35,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=27:35","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. President, Excellencies, Distinguished members of the Security Council, Thank you for the opportunity to draw attention to a group of workers who are too often invisible, in particular when conflict affects international shipping: the seafarers on board.","start":1654.35,"end":1675.95,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. 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Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"Many","start":1791.59,"end":1792.03},{"text":"are","start":1792.03,"end":1792.11},{"text":"unable","start":1792.11,"end":1792.91},{"text":"to","start":1792.91,"end":1793.03},{"text":"go","start":1793.03,"end":1793.23},{"text":"ashore,","start":1793.23,"end":1793.79},{"text":"receive","start":1794.15,"end":1794.59},{"text":"medical","start":1794.59,"end":1794.99},{"text":"treatment,","start":1794.99,"end":1795.79},{"text":"be","start":1796.23,"end":1796.39},{"text":"replaced","start":1796.39,"end":1796.99},{"text":"by","start":1796.99,"end":1797.15},{"text":"colleagues,","start":1797.15,"end":1797.79},{"text":"or","start":1798.03,"end":1798.15},{"text":"return","start":1798.15,"end":1798.51},{"text":"home.","start":1798.51,"end":1798.91}]},{"text":"Communication with family and friends is often very difficult.","start":1800.27,"end":1804.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Communication","start":1800.27,"end":1801.23},{"text":"with","start":1801.23,"end":1801.43},{"text":"family","start":1801.43,"end":1801.91},{"text":"and","start":1801.91,"end":1802.07},{"text":"friends","start":1802.07,"end":1802.51},{"text":"is","start":1802.51,"end":1802.67},{"text":"often","start":1802.67,"end":1803.15},{"text":"very","start":1803.47,"end":1803.95},{"text":"difficult.","start":1803.95,"end":1804.67}]},{"text":"Excellencies, our message today is simple.","start":1806.83,"end":1809.71,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Excellencies,","start":1806.83,"end":1807.71},{"text":"our","start":1807.71,"end":1807.91},{"text":"message","start":1807.91,"end":1808.23},{"text":"today","start":1808.23,"end":1808.83},{"text":"is","start":1808.83,"end":1809.03},{"text":"simple.","start":1809.03,"end":1809.71}]},{"text":"Conflicts do not suspend seafarers' fundamental rights.","start":1810.51,"end":1815.71,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"Conflicts","start":1810.51,"end":1811.31},{"text":"do","start":1811.31,"end":1811.55},{"text":"not","start":1811.55,"end":1812.03},{"text":"suspend","start":1812.03,"end":1812.83},{"text":"seafarers'","start":1812.83,"end":1813.95},{"text":"fundamental","start":1814.43,"end":1815.19},{"text":"rights.","start":1815.19,"end":1815.71}]},{"text":"The ILO Maritime Labour Convention, adopted in 2006, continues to apply in times of crisis.","start":1816.99,"end":1825.39,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1816.99,"end":1817.03},{"text":"ILO","start":1817.07,"end":1817.55},{"text":"Maritime","start":1817.55,"end":1818.19},{"text":"Labour","start":1818.19,"end":1818.59},{"text":"Convention,","start":1818.59,"end":1819.23},{"text":"adopted","start":1819.23,"end":1820.03},{"text":"in","start":1820.19,"end":1820.43},{"text":"2006,","start":1820.43,"end":1821.63},{"text":"continues","start":1822.43,"end":1823.15},{"text":"to","start":1823.15,"end":1823.35},{"text":"apply","start":1823.35,"end":1823.87},{"text":"in","start":1823.87,"end":1824.19},{"text":"times","start":1824.19,"end":1824.51},{"text":"of","start":1824.51,"end":1824.59},{"text":"crisis.","start":1824.59,"end":1825.39}]},{"text":"And it is precisely during these periods that the protection it provides should be more scrupulously enforced.","start":1826.11,"end":1833.47,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":1826.11,"end":1826.27},{"text":"it","start":1826.27,"end":1826.35},{"text":"is","start":1826.35,"end":1826.51},{"text":"precisely","start":1826.51,"end":1827.31},{"text":"during","start":1827.31,"end":1827.63},{"text":"these","start":1827.63,"end":1827.87},{"text":"periods","start":1827.87,"end":1828.43},{"text":"that","start":1828.43,"end":1828.59},{"text":"the","start":1828.59,"end":1828.67},{"text":"protection","start":1828.67,"end":1829.63},{"text":"it","start":1829.63,"end":1829.75},{"text":"provides","start":1829.75,"end":1830.51},{"text":"should","start":1830.91,"end":1831.11},{"text":"be","start":1831.11,"end":1831.31},{"text":"more","start":1831.31,"end":1831.63},{"text":"scrupulously","start":1831.63,"end":1832.67},{"text":"enforced.","start":1832.67,"end":1833.47}]},{"text":"This convention, ratified by 113 member states representing more than 96% of the world fleet, guarantees seafarers' fundamental right to a healthy and safe environment.","start":1834.67,"end":1850.55,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1834.67,"end":1834.99},{"text":"convention,","start":1834.99,"end":1835.87},{"text":"ratified","start":1835.87,"end":1836.59},{"text":"by","start":1836.59,"end":1836.79},{"text":"113","start":1836.79,"end":1838.11},{"text":"member","start":1838.11,"end":1838.51},{"text":"states","start":1838.51,"end":1839.15},{"text":"representing","start":1839.47,"end":1840.35},{"text":"more","start":1840.59,"end":1840.83},{"text":"than","start":1840.83,"end":1841.39},{"text":"96%","start":1842.83,"end":1842.87},{"text":"of","start":1842.91,"end":1843.07},{"text":"the","start":1843.07,"end":1843.15},{"text":"world","start":1843.15,"end":1843.55},{"text":"fleet,","start":1843.55,"end":1844.11},{"text":"guarantees","start":1844.95,"end":1845.47},{"text":"seafarers'","start":1845.47,"end":1846.15},{"text":"fundamental","start":1846.15,"end":1846.87},{"text":"right","start":1846.87,"end":1847.31},{"text":"to","start":1847.31,"end":1847.39},{"text":"a","start":1847.39,"end":1847.43},{"text":"healthy","start":1847.51,"end":1848.23},{"text":"and","start":1848.55,"end":1848.79},{"text":"safe","start":1848.79,"end":1849.35},{"text":"environment.","start":1849.59,"end":1850.55}]},{"text":"It provides protections concerning the quality of food and water, repatriation, health and medical care on board, and, more broadly, the right to decent working and living conditions.","start":1851.59,"end":1865.59,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":1851.59,"end":1851.83},{"text":"provides","start":1851.83,"end":1852.39},{"text":"protections","start":1852.39,"end":1853.35},{"text":"concerning","start":1853.35,"end":1854.15},{"text":"the","start":1854.15,"end":1854.27},{"text":"quality","start":1854.27,"end":1854.75},{"text":"of","start":1854.75,"end":1854.87},{"text":"food","start":1854.87,"end":1855.27},{"text":"and","start":1855.27,"end":1855.43},{"text":"water,","start":1855.43,"end":1856.07},{"text":"repatriation,","start":1856.47,"end":1857.59},{"text":"health","start":1857.99,"end":1858.39},{"text":"and","start":1859.27,"end":1859.43},{"text":"medical","start":1859.43,"end":1859.83},{"text":"care","start":1859.83,"end":1860.31},{"text":"on","start":1860.31,"end":1860.47},{"text":"board,","start":1860.47,"end":1861.03},{"text":"and,","start":1861.91,"end":1862.11},{"text":"more","start":1862.11,"end":1862.35},{"text":"broadly,","start":1862.35,"end":1862.95},{"text":"the","start":1862.95,"end":1863.15},{"text":"right","start":1863.15,"end":1863.55},{"text":"to","start":1863.55,"end":1863.63},{"text":"decent","start":1863.63,"end":1864.07},{"text":"working","start":1864.07,"end":1864.43},{"text":"and","start":1864.43,"end":1864.55},{"text":"living","start":1864.55,"end":1864.79},{"text":"conditions.","start":1864.79,"end":1865.59}]},{"text":"In particular, seafarers requiring immediate medical care must be given access to medical facilities ashore.","start":1867.35,"end":1875.43,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1867.35,"end":1867.51},{"text":"particular,","start":1867.51,"end":1868.07},{"text":"seafarers","start":1868.07,"end":1868.87},{"text":"requiring","start":1868.87,"end":1869.67},{"text":"immediate","start":1869.67,"end":1870.39},{"text":"medical","start":1870.39,"end":1870.87},{"text":"care","start":1870.87,"end":1871.27},{"text":"must","start":1871.67,"end":1872.03},{"text":"be","start":1872.03,"end":1872.15},{"text":"given","start":1872.15,"end":1872.47},{"text":"access","start":1872.47,"end":1873.11},{"text":"to","start":1873.59,"end":1873.63},{"text":"medical","start":1873.63,"end":1874.07},{"text":"facilities","start":1874.07,"end":1874.87},{"text":"ashore.","start":1874.87,"end":1875.43}]},{"text":"In 2025, the Convention was amended, building on a UN General Assembly resolution, to formally recognize seafarers as key workers and to request Member States to protect their rights at all times, including the rights to shore leave, medical care and repatriation.","start":1878.39,"end":1899.75,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1878.39,"end":1878.87},{"text":"2025,","start":1878.87,"end":1880.15},{"text":"the","start":1880.31,"end":1880.55},{"text":"Convention","start":1880.55,"end":1881.11},{"text":"was","start":1881.11,"end":1881.35},{"text":"amended,","start":1881.35,"end":1881.83},{"text":"building","start":1881.83,"end":1882.39},{"text":"on","start":1882.39,"end":1882.71},{"text":"a","start":1882.71,"end":1882.75},{"text":"UN","start":1882.75,"end":1883.43},{"text":"General","start":1883.59,"end":1884.15},{"text":"Assembly","start":1884.15,"end":1884.79},{"text":"resolution,","start":1884.79,"end":1885.59},{"text":"to","start":1886.87,"end":1887.07},{"text":"formally","start":1887.07,"end":1887.75},{"text":"recognize","start":1887.79,"end":1888.55},{"text":"seafarers","start":1888.55,"end":1889.75},{"text":"as","start":1889.75,"end":1890.07},{"text":"key","start":1890.07,"end":1890.47},{"text":"workers","start":1890.47,"end":1891.19},{"text":"and","start":1891.35,"end":1891.55},{"text":"to","start":1891.55,"end":1891.63},{"text":"request","start":1891.63,"end":1892.15},{"text":"Member","start":1892.15,"end":1892.47},{"text":"States","start":1892.47,"end":1892.87},{"text":"to","start":1892.87,"end":1892.99},{"text":"protect","start":1892.99,"end":1893.55},{"text":"their","start":1893.55,"end":1893.71},{"text":"rights","start":1893.71,"end":1894.15},{"text":"at","start":1894.31,"end":1894.47},{"text":"all","start":1894.47,"end":1894.71},{"text":"times,","start":1894.71,"end":1895.35},{"text":"including","start":1895.75,"end":1896.47},{"text":"the","start":1896.47,"end":1896.59},{"text":"rights","start":1896.59,"end":1896.87},{"text":"to","start":1896.87,"end":1896.99},{"text":"shore","start":1896.99,"end":1897.27},{"text":"leave,","start":1897.27,"end":1897.67},{"text":"medical","start":1897.83,"end":1898.31},{"text":"care","start":1898.31,"end":1898.51},{"text":"and","start":1898.51,"end":1898.79},{"text":"repatriation.","start":1898.79,"end":1899.75}]},{"text":"The reality today shows that rights on paper are not enough for seafarers who are trapped aboard vessels in conflict zones.","start":1901.59,"end":1909.27,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":1901.59,"end":1901.63},{"text":"reality","start":1901.67,"end":1902.23},{"text":"today","start":1902.23,"end":1902.55},{"text":"shows","start":1902.55,"end":1903.19},{"text":"that","start":1903.27,"end":1903.51},{"text":"rights","start":1903.51,"end":1903.91},{"text":"on","start":1903.91,"end":1904.07},{"text":"paper","start":1904.07,"end":1904.63},{"text":"are","start":1904.95,"end":1905.03},{"text":"not","start":1905.03,"end":1905.35},{"text":"enough","start":1905.35,"end":1905.87},{"text":"for","start":1905.87,"end":1905.99},{"text":"seafarers","start":1905.99,"end":1906.63},{"text":"who","start":1906.63,"end":1906.79},{"text":"are","start":1906.79,"end":1906.87},{"text":"trapped","start":1906.87,"end":1907.27},{"text":"aboard","start":1907.27,"end":1907.59},{"text":"vessels","start":1907.59,"end":1908.07},{"text":"in","start":1908.07,"end":1908.31},{"text":"conflict","start":1908.31,"end":1908.83},{"text":"zones.","start":1908.83,"end":1909.27}]},{"text":"There is another fundamental issue.","start":1911.91,"end":1913.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":1911.91,"end":1912.15},{"text":"is","start":1912.15,"end":1912.23},{"text":"another","start":1912.23,"end":1912.51},{"text":"fundamental","start":1912.51,"end":1913.03},{"text":"issue.","start":1913.03,"end":1913.51}]},{"text":"In April, the officers of the Special Tripartite Committee also emphasized that seafarers must be able to freely choose whether to work in high-risk areas without fear of negative consequences for their future employment.","start":1915.43,"end":1932.59,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":1915.43,"end":1915.59},{"text":"April,","start":1915.59,"end":1916.07},{"text":"the","start":1916.23,"end":1916.43},{"text":"officers","start":1916.43,"end":1917.11},{"text":"of","start":1917.11,"end":1917.27},{"text":"the","start":1917.27,"end":1917.35},{"text":"Special","start":1917.35,"end":1917.75},{"text":"Tripartite","start":1917.75,"end":1918.31},{"text":"Committee","start":1918.31,"end":1918.79},{"text":"also","start":1918.79,"end":1919.19},{"text":"emphasized","start":1919.19,"end":1920.11},{"text":"that","start":1920.23,"end":1920.47},{"text":"seafarers","start":1920.47,"end":1921.19},{"text":"must","start":1921.19,"end":1921.59},{"text":"be","start":1921.59,"end":1921.83},{"text":"able","start":1921.83,"end":1922.23},{"text":"to","start":1922.23,"end":1922.39},{"text":"freely","start":1922.39,"end":1922.79},{"text":"choose","start":1922.79,"end":1923.51},{"text":"whether","start":1924.55,"end":1924.83},{"text":"to","start":1924.83,"end":1924.99},{"text":"work","start":1924.99,"end":1925.43},{"text":"in","start":1925.75,"end":1925.99},{"text":"high-risk","start":1925.99,"end":1926.67},{"text":"areas","start":1926.71,"end":1927.43},{"text":"without","start":1927.51,"end":1927.91},{"text":"fear","start":1927.91,"end":1928.39},{"text":"of","start":1928.71,"end":1928.95},{"text":"negative","start":1928.95,"end":1929.35},{"text":"consequences","start":1929.35,"end":1930.47},{"text":"for","start":1930.83,"end":1930.91},{"text":"their","start":1930.91,"end":1931.07},{"text":"future","start":1931.07,"end":1931.75},{"text":"employment.","start":1931.75,"end":1932.59}]},{"text":"According to the information available to the International Labour Organization, that principle is not a reality for all seafarers.","start":1933.79,"end":1942.35,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"According","start":1933.79,"end":1934.43},{"text":"to","start":1934.43,"end":1934.75},{"text":"the","start":1934.75,"end":1934.87},{"text":"information","start":1934.87,"end":1935.39},{"text":"available","start":1935.39,"end":1936.03},{"text":"to","start":1936.03,"end":1936.19},{"text":"the","start":1936.19,"end":1936.31},{"text":"International","start":1936.31,"end":1936.79},{"text":"Labour","start":1936.79,"end":1937.03},{"text":"Organization,","start":1937.03,"end":1937.87},{"text":"that","start":1938.03,"end":1938.23},{"text":"principle","start":1938.23,"end":1938.91},{"text":"is","start":1939.23,"end":1939.47},{"text":"not","start":1939.47,"end":1939.87},{"text":"a","start":1939.95,"end":1940.03},{"text":"reality","start":1940.03,"end":1940.91},{"text":"for","start":1941.15,"end":1941.47},{"text":"all","start":1941.47,"end":1941.55},{"text":"seafarers.","start":1941.55,"end":1942.35}]},{"text":"We therefore need stronger arrangements in place to support seafarers during this and future crises.","start":1943.87,"end":1950.99,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. 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Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":1958.91,"end":1959.23},{"text":"India","start":1960.39,"end":1960.63},{"text":"has","start":1960.63,"end":1960.87},{"text":"recently","start":1960.87,"end":1961.27},{"text":"proposed","start":1961.27,"end":1961.79},{"text":"the","start":1961.79,"end":1961.87},{"text":"establishment","start":1961.87,"end":1962.71},{"text":"of","start":1962.71,"end":1962.83},{"text":"an","start":1962.83,"end":1962.91},{"text":"international","start":1962.91,"end":1963.95},{"text":"emergency","start":1964.07,"end":1965.19},{"text":"support","start":1965.19,"end":1965.99},{"text":"network","start":1966.07,"end":1966.67},{"text":"for","start":1966.67,"end":1966.79},{"text":"seafarers,","start":1966.79,"end":1967.67},{"text":"linking","start":1968.23,"end":1968.71},{"text":"maritime","start":1968.71,"end":1969.27},{"text":"authorities","start":1969.27,"end":1969.99},{"text":"and","start":1969.99,"end":1970.35},{"text":"diplomatic","start":1970.35,"end":1970.99},{"text":"missions","start":1970.99,"end":1971.59},{"text":"to","start":1972.07,"end":1972.23},{"text":"provide","start":1972.23,"end":1972.63},{"text":"seafarers","start":1972.63,"end":1973.35},{"text":"with","start":1973.35,"end":1973.55},{"text":"rapid","start":1973.59,"end":1973.91},{"text":"assistance","start":1973.91,"end":1974.51},{"text":"during","start":1974.51,"end":1974.79},{"text":"emergencies.","start":1974.79,"end":1975.67}]},{"text":"This proposal deserves careful consideration.","start":1976.55,"end":1979.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":1976.55,"end":1976.83},{"text":"proposal","start":1976.83,"end":1977.59},{"text":"deserves","start":1977.75,"end":1978.31},{"text":"careful","start":1978.31,"end":1978.87},{"text":"consideration.","start":1978.87,"end":1979.91}]},{"text":"The ILO has been working closely with the IMO and the international social partners to address the situation of affected seafarers, in particular those in need of urgent assistance.","start":1980.95,"end":1992.23,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. 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I now give the floor to Mr. Christian Buga.","start":2092.95,"end":2095.31,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2092.95,"end":2093.07},{"text":"I","start":2093.07,"end":2093.15},{"text":"now","start":2093.15,"end":2093.39},{"text":"give","start":2093.39,"end":2093.55},{"text":"the","start":2093.55,"end":2093.63},{"text":"floor","start":2093.63,"end":2093.91},{"text":"to","start":2093.91,"end":2094.03},{"text":"Mr.","start":2094.03,"end":2094.51},{"text":"Christian","start":2094.51,"end":2094.99},{"text":"Buga.","start":2094.99,"end":2095.31}]},{"text":"Fellow at the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research and Professor of International Relations at the University of 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the floor, sir.","start":2103.63,"end":2104.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":2103.63,"end":2103.71},{"text":"have","start":2103.71,"end":2103.87},{"text":"the","start":2103.87,"end":2103.95},{"text":"floor,","start":2103.95,"end":2104.15},{"text":"sir.","start":2104.15,"end":2104.43}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdulatif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":10,"start":2107.55,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=35:08","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Mr. Chairman, Excellencies, colleagues, friends of the ocean.","start":2107.55,"end":2112.51,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2107.55,"end":2107.75},{"text":"you,","start":2107.75,"end":2107.83},{"text":"Mr.","start":2107.83,"end":2108.07},{"text":"Chairman,","start":2108.07,"end":2108.67},{"text":"Excellencies,","start":2108.83,"end":2109.63},{"text":"colleagues,","start":2109.63,"end":2110.27},{"text":"friends","start":2110.35,"end":2110.91},{"text":"of","start":2111.23,"end":2111.39},{"text":"the","start":2111.39,"end":2111.59},{"text":"ocean.","start":2111.95,"end":2112.51}]},{"text":"Let me thank the Kingdom of Bahrain at the outset for organizing this important meeting and for inviting me here to brief.","start":2113.63,"end":2121.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":2113.63,"end":2113.75},{"text":"me","start":2113.75,"end":2113.91},{"text":"thank","start":2113.91,"end":2114.27},{"text":"the","start":2114.35,"end":2114.47},{"text":"Kingdom","start":2114.51,"end":2115.19},{"text":"of","start":2115.19,"end":2115.27},{"text":"Bahrain","start":2115.27,"end":2115.87},{"text":"at","start":2116.03,"end":2116.27},{"text":"the","start":2116.43,"end":2116.63},{"text":"outset","start":2116.67,"end":2117.07},{"text":"for","start":2117.07,"end":2117.35},{"text":"organizing","start":2117.35,"end":2117.79},{"text":"this","start":2117.79,"end":2117.95},{"text":"important","start":2117.95,"end":2118.51},{"text":"meeting","start":2118.51,"end":2118.95},{"text":"and","start":2118.95,"end":2119.15},{"text":"for","start":2119.15,"end":2119.43},{"text":"inviting","start":2119.43,"end":2119.87},{"text":"me","start":2119.87,"end":2120.03},{"text":"here","start":2120.03,"end":2120.35},{"text":"to","start":2120.75,"end":2120.87},{"text":"brief.","start":2120.91,"end":2121.39}]},{"text":"The ocean is the lifeline of our world order and global economy.","start":2122.27,"end":2127.91,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2122.27,"end":2122.47},{"text":"ocean","start":2122.47,"end":2122.99},{"text":"is","start":2123.51,"end":2123.67},{"text":"the","start":2123.67,"end":2123.83},{"text":"lifeline","start":2123.83,"end":2124.55},{"text":"of","start":2124.55,"end":2124.71},{"text":"our","start":2124.71,"end":2124.95},{"text":"world","start":2124.95,"end":2125.27},{"text":"order","start":2125.27,"end":2125.83},{"text":"and","start":2126.07,"end":2126.43},{"text":"global","start":2126.43,"end":2126.95},{"text":"economy.","start":2127.31,"end":2127.91}]},{"text":"Trade, energy, food, development, and the stability of nations and regions are all at stake.","start":2128.15,"end":2135.35,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."},{"key":"vulnerable-economies","label":"Vulnerable Economies and Small States","description":"A consistent concern was the disproportionate impact of maritime disruption on developing countries, small island states, landlocked countries, and import-dependent economies. Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"Trade,","start":2128.15,"end":2128.63},{"text":"energy,","start":2128.91,"end":2129.43},{"text":"food,","start":2129.51,"end":2130.07},{"text":"development,","start":2130.23,"end":2130.95},{"text":"and","start":2131.35,"end":2131.75},{"text":"the","start":2131.75,"end":2131.83},{"text":"stability","start":2131.83,"end":2132.47},{"text":"of","start":2132.47,"end":2132.63},{"text":"nations","start":2132.63,"end":2133.15},{"text":"and","start":2133.15,"end":2133.31},{"text":"regions","start":2133.31,"end":2133.83},{"text":"are","start":2133.83,"end":2134.07},{"text":"all","start":2134.07,"end":2134.39},{"text":"at","start":2134.63,"end":2134.87},{"text":"stake.","start":2134.87,"end":2135.35}]},{"text":"Today, we face a significant erosion of the rules and norms that have long governed the sea, and it is time for the Security Council and the international community not only to react, but to anticipate, to steer us back into safer waters and work towards global maritime peace.","start":2137.11,"end":2159.47,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."},{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"Today,","start":2137.11,"end":2137.67},{"text":"we","start":2137.67,"end":2137.83},{"text":"face","start":2137.83,"end":2138.23},{"text":"a","start":2138.23,"end":2138.27},{"text":"significant","start":2138.27,"end":2139.03},{"text":"erosion","start":2139.03,"end":2139.75},{"text":"of","start":2140.07,"end":2140.31},{"text":"the","start":2140.31,"end":2140.39},{"text":"rules","start":2140.39,"end":2140.91},{"text":"and","start":2140.91,"end":2141.03},{"text":"norms","start":2141.03,"end":2141.75},{"text":"that","start":2142.15,"end":2142.31},{"text":"have","start":2142.31,"end":2142.55},{"text":"long","start":2142.55,"end":2142.95},{"text":"governed","start":2143.11,"end":2143.67},{"text":"the","start":2143.83,"end":2143.95},{"text":"sea,","start":2143.95,"end":2144.47},{"text":"and","start":2144.79,"end":2144.99},{"text":"it","start":2144.99,"end":2145.07},{"text":"is","start":2145.07,"end":2145.19},{"text":"time","start":2145.19,"end":2145.59},{"text":"for","start":2145.59,"end":2145.71},{"text":"the","start":2145.71,"end":2145.79},{"text":"Security","start":2145.79,"end":2146.35},{"text":"Council","start":2146.35,"end":2146.95},{"text":"and","start":2147.27,"end":2147.63},{"text":"the","start":2147.63,"end":2147.79},{"text":"international","start":2147.79,"end":2148.39},{"text":"community","start":2148.39,"end":2149.11},{"text":"not","start":2149.11,"end":2149.35},{"text":"only","start":2149.35,"end":2149.59},{"text":"to","start":2149.59,"end":2149.75},{"text":"react,","start":2149.75,"end":2150.39},{"text":"but","start":2150.63,"end":2151.07},{"text":"to","start":2151.07,"end":2151.15},{"text":"anticipate,","start":2151.15,"end":2152.23},{"text":"to","start":2152.83,"end":2152.91},{"text":"steer","start":2152.91,"end":2153.47},{"text":"us","start":2153.47,"end":2153.71},{"text":"back","start":2153.71,"end":2154.03},{"text":"into","start":2154.03,"end":2154.35},{"text":"safer","start":2154.35,"end":2154.75},{"text":"waters","start":2154.75,"end":2155.47},{"text":"and","start":2155.87,"end":2156.03},{"text":"work","start":2156.03,"end":2156.51},{"text":"towards","start":2156.51,"end":2157.07},{"text":"global","start":2157.07,"end":2157.79},{"text":"maritime","start":2157.79,"end":2158.67},{"text":"peace.","start":2158.99,"end":2159.47}]},{"text":"The age of gray zone strategy and tactics has arrived at sea, and that implies that many of our categories of what counts as responsible conduct are eroding, and the challenges are mounting on every front.","start":2160.43,"end":2178.91,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. 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Speakers warned that maritime rules and response tools must adapt to these evolving and hybrid forms of insecurity."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":2227.55,"end":2227.87},{"text":"lack","start":2227.87,"end":2228.39},{"text":"clear","start":2228.39,"end":2228.87},{"text":"rules","start":2228.87,"end":2229.55},{"text":"for","start":2230.11,"end":2230.35},{"text":"the","start":2230.35,"end":2230.43},{"text":"responsible","start":2230.43,"end":2231.31},{"text":"use","start":2231.31,"end":2231.95},{"text":"of","start":2232.27,"end":2232.75},{"text":"naval","start":2232.99,"end":2233.47},{"text":"mines","start":2233.47,"end":2234.11},{"text":"and","start":2234.35,"end":2234.63},{"text":"drones.","start":2234.63,"end":2235.23}]},{"text":"but also for digital interference, including spoofing and jamming of signals.","start":2236.07,"end":2242.03,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. 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Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"Many","start":2258.19,"end":2258.43},{"text":"of","start":2258.43,"end":2258.51},{"text":"the","start":2258.51,"end":2258.63},{"text":"regional","start":2258.63,"end":2259.39},{"text":"maritime","start":2259.39,"end":2260.03},{"text":"security","start":2260.03,"end":2260.59},{"text":"architectures","start":2260.59,"end":2261.55},{"text":"that","start":2261.55,"end":2261.79},{"text":"we","start":2261.79,"end":2261.87},{"text":"have","start":2261.87,"end":2262.03},{"text":"built","start":2262.03,"end":2262.59},{"text":"over","start":2262.59,"end":2262.83},{"text":"decades","start":2262.83,"end":2263.47},{"text":"are","start":2263.71,"end":2264.03},{"text":"too","start":2264.03,"end":2264.35},{"text":"weak","start":2264.35,"end":2264.83},{"text":"to","start":2265.07,"end":2265.23},{"text":"cope","start":2265.23,"end":2265.63},{"text":"with","start":2265.87,"end":2266.19},{"text":"any","start":2266.19,"end":2266.67},{"text":"of","start":2266.83,"end":2267.07},{"text":"this.","start":2267.07,"end":2267.47}]},{"text":"Maritime security is a global responsibility.","start":2268.67,"end":2273.23,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. 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Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2364.39,"end":2364.55},{"text":"Security","start":2364.55,"end":2365.03},{"text":"Council","start":2365.03,"end":2365.51},{"text":"is","start":2366.11,"end":2366.27},{"text":"vital","start":2366.27,"end":2366.67},{"text":"not","start":2366.67,"end":2366.99},{"text":"only","start":2366.99,"end":2367.39},{"text":"as","start":2367.39,"end":2367.55},{"text":"a","start":2367.55,"end":2367.63},{"text":"place","start":2367.63,"end":2368.35},{"text":"for","start":2368.51,"end":2369.23},{"text":"dialogue,","start":2369.63,"end":2370.23},{"text":"but","start":2370.83,"end":2371.07},{"text":"also","start":2371.07,"end":2371.35},{"text":"for","start":2371.35,"end":2371.55},{"text":"advancing","start":2371.55,"end":2372.35},{"text":"the","start":2372.35,"end":2372.47},{"text":"sustainable","start":2372.47,"end":2373.15},{"text":"strategy","start":2373.15,"end":2373.87},{"text":"for","start":2373.95,"end":2374.19},{"text":"maritime","start":2374.19,"end":2374.91},{"text":"security.","start":2375.23,"end":2376.11}]},{"text":"I would like to reiterate that many of the options of how to proceed in the Council and beyond are already on the table.","start":2378.11,"end":2386.75,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2378.11,"end":2378.27},{"text":"would","start":2378.27,"end":2378.39},{"text":"like","start":2378.39,"end":2378.59},{"text":"to","start":2378.59,"end":2378.75},{"text":"reiterate","start":2378.75,"end":2379.63},{"text":"that","start":2379.87,"end":2380.19},{"text":"many","start":2380.19,"end":2380.75},{"text":"of","start":2380.75,"end":2380.91},{"text":"the","start":2380.91,"end":2381.11},{"text":"options","start":2381.11,"end":2381.79},{"text":"of","start":2381.83,"end":2381.95},{"text":"how","start":2381.95,"end":2382.19},{"text":"to","start":2382.19,"end":2382.31},{"text":"proceed","start":2382.31,"end":2382.99},{"text":"in","start":2383.07,"end":2383.23},{"text":"the","start":2383.23,"end":2383.35},{"text":"Council","start":2383.35,"end":2383.83},{"text":"and","start":2383.83,"end":2383.95},{"text":"beyond","start":2383.95,"end":2384.43},{"text":"are","start":2384.43,"end":2384.51},{"text":"already","start":2384.51,"end":2385.15},{"text":"on","start":2385.59,"end":2385.79},{"text":"the","start":2385.79,"end":2385.91},{"text":"table.","start":2386.19,"end":2386.75}]},{"text":"Let me emphasize three concrete steps here.","start":2387.87,"end":2392.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":2387.87,"end":2388.19},{"text":"me","start":2388.19,"end":2388.35},{"text":"emphasize","start":2388.35,"end":2389.15},{"text":"three","start":2389.23,"end":2389.79},{"text":"concrete","start":2390.19,"end":2390.83},{"text":"steps","start":2390.83,"end":2391.39},{"text":"here.","start":2391.55,"end":2392.03}]},{"text":"First, At a very minimum, make maritime security a standing issue on the Council's agenda, an annual debate ideally informed by an annual state of maritime security report from the Secretary General.","start":2392.67,"end":2410.47,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. 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clock is ticking in many ways.","start":2450.35,"end":2452.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2450.35,"end":2450.39},{"text":"clock","start":2450.39,"end":2450.75},{"text":"is","start":2450.75,"end":2450.91},{"text":"ticking","start":2450.91,"end":2451.39},{"text":"in","start":2451.39,"end":2451.55},{"text":"many","start":2451.55,"end":2451.79},{"text":"ways.","start":2451.79,"end":2452.27}]},{"text":"People are suffering now and they will do so in the future if no strategic vision is developed and concrete steps are actually being 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there's no less at stake than the global order and global maritime peace.","start":2462.83,"end":2468.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2462.83,"end":2462.95},{"text":"there's","start":2462.95,"end":2463.23},{"text":"no","start":2463.23,"end":2463.39},{"text":"less","start":2463.39,"end":2463.79},{"text":"at","start":2463.79,"end":2463.95},{"text":"stake","start":2463.95,"end":2464.43},{"text":"than","start":2464.59,"end":2464.83},{"text":"the","start":2464.83,"end":2464.91},{"text":"global","start":2464.91,"end":2465.31},{"text":"order","start":2465.31,"end":2465.87},{"text":"and","start":2466.15,"end":2466.35},{"text":"global","start":2466.35,"end":2466.75},{"text":"maritime","start":2466.75,"end":2467.31},{"text":"peace.","start":2467.63,"end":2468.11}]},{"text":"Thank you so much.","start":2468.59,"end":2469.23,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":2468.59,"end":2468.79},{"text":"you","start":2468.79,"end":2468.87},{"text":"so","start":2468.87,"end":2468.99},{"text":"much.","start":2468.99,"end":2469.23}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Christian Buga","affiliation":"UNIDIR","affiliation_full":"UNIDIR","group":null,"function":"Fellow; Professor of International Relations"}},{"statement_number":11,"start":2476.19,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=41:17","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Ashker, Professor Burger.","start":2476.19,"end":2478.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Ashker,","start":2476.19,"end":2476.59},{"text":"Professor","start":2476.59,"end":2477.39},{"text":"Burger.","start":2477.87,"end":2478.43}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank Professor Buga for his substantive comments and the proposals that he made in the area of international cooperation and in the area of strategies to be implemented to deal with the maritime security 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now going to give the floor to members of the Security Council who would like to make 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Foreign Affairs Minister of Bahrain.","start":2506.23,"end":2512.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2506.23,"end":2506.47},{"text":"if","start":2506.47,"end":2506.71},{"text":"I","start":2506.71,"end":2506.87},{"text":"may,","start":2506.87,"end":2507.27},{"text":"I","start":2507.67,"end":2507.83},{"text":"will","start":2507.83,"end":2508.07},{"text":"take","start":2508.07,"end":2508.31},{"text":"the","start":2508.31,"end":2508.51},{"text":"floor","start":2508.55,"end":2509.11},{"text":"as","start":2509.27,"end":2509.83},{"text":"Foreign","start":2509.83,"end":2510.23},{"text":"Affairs","start":2510.23,"end":2510.79},{"text":"Minister","start":2510.95,"end":2511.43},{"text":"of","start":2511.43,"end":2511.59},{"text":"Bahrain.","start":2511.59,"end":2512.15}]},{"text":"I would like to thank all of the speakers.","start":2515.59,"end":2520.39,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":2515.59,"end":2516.23},{"text":"would","start":2516.47,"end":2516.71},{"text":"like","start":2518.15,"end":2518.35},{"text":"to","start":2518.35,"end":2518.63},{"text":"thank","start":2518.63,"end":2519.03},{"text":"all","start":2519.11,"end":2519.35},{"text":"of","start":2519.35,"end":2519.43},{"text":"the","start":2519.43,"end":2519.59},{"text":"speakers.","start":2519.59,"end":2520.39}]},{"text":"And I take the floor on behalf of the Kingdom of 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Hormuz.","start":2540.43,"end":2543.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2540.43,"end":2540.55},{"text":"first","start":2540.55,"end":2540.83},{"text":"example","start":2540.83,"end":2541.35},{"text":"is","start":2541.35,"end":2541.51},{"text":"that","start":2541.51,"end":2541.71},{"text":"of","start":2541.71,"end":2541.79},{"text":"the","start":2541.79,"end":2541.91},{"text":"Strait","start":2541.91,"end":2542.31},{"text":"of","start":2542.31,"end":2542.43},{"text":"Hormuz.","start":2542.43,"end":2543.15}]},{"text":"Indeed, the Kingdom of Bahrain, as well as a number of countries in the region, have been victims of unjustified Iranian attacks, fully reprehensible, that have been accompanied by threats and have affected navigation.","start":2544.95,"end":2560.95,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related 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Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. 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is not a Saudi problem.","start":2652.19,"end":2654.11,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2652.19,"end":2652.51},{"text":"is","start":2652.51,"end":2652.67},{"text":"not","start":2652.67,"end":2653.07},{"text":"a","start":2653.07,"end":2653.11},{"text":"Saudi","start":2653.11,"end":2653.55},{"text":"problem.","start":2653.55,"end":2654.11}]},{"text":"The security of the two holy mosques is a serious matter for all Muslims 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is also a more recent incident that warrants particular attention.","start":2685.51,"end":2690.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"There","start":2685.51,"end":2685.67},{"text":"is","start":2685.67,"end":2685.83},{"text":"also","start":2685.83,"end":2686.23},{"text":"a","start":2686.63,"end":2686.79},{"text":"more","start":2686.79,"end":2687.07},{"text":"recent","start":2687.07,"end":2687.67},{"text":"incident","start":2688.07,"end":2688.79},{"text":"that","start":2688.79,"end":2689.11},{"text":"warrants","start":2689.11,"end":2689.51},{"text":"particular","start":2689.51,"end":2690.11},{"text":"attention.","start":2690.11,"end":2690.79}]},{"text":"That is the attack against the East-West pipeline, which was originally constructed as an alternative to the Strait of Hormuz.","start":2691.27,"end":2703.51,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially 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Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"for","start":2714.99,"end":2715.07},{"text":"those","start":2715.07,"end":2715.39},{"text":"who","start":2715.39,"end":2715.51},{"text":"believe","start":2715.51,"end":2715.83},{"text":"that","start":2715.83,"end":2716.03},{"text":"the","start":2716.03,"end":2716.11},{"text":"solution","start":2716.11,"end":2716.67},{"text":"to","start":2716.67,"end":2716.79},{"text":"the","start":2716.79,"end":2716.91},{"text":"vulnerability","start":2716.91,"end":2717.51},{"text":"of","start":2717.51,"end":2717.63},{"text":"maritime","start":2717.63,"end":2718.07},{"text":"corridors","start":2718.07,"end":2718.67},{"text":"is","start":2718.67,"end":2718.79},{"text":"simply","start":2718.79,"end":2719.23},{"text":"to","start":2719.23,"end":2719.47},{"text":"circumvent","start":2720.03,"end":2720.71},{"text":"them.","start":2720.71,"end":2720.91}]},{"text":"Today, we see that alternative infrastructure itself can also be subject to attack.","start":2721.47,"end":2726.99,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. Speakers warned that maritime rules and response tools must adapt to these evolving and hybrid forms of insecurity."}],"words":[{"text":"Today,","start":2721.47,"end":2721.79},{"text":"we","start":2721.79,"end":2721.99},{"text":"see","start":2721.99,"end":2722.27},{"text":"that","start":2722.27,"end":2722.51},{"text":"alternative","start":2722.51,"end":2723.23},{"text":"infrastructure","start":2723.23,"end":2724.03},{"text":"itself","start":2724.03,"end":2724.75},{"text":"can","start":2724.91,"end":2725.11},{"text":"also","start":2725.11,"end":2725.55},{"text":"be","start":2725.55,"end":2725.79},{"text":"subject","start":2725.79,"end":2726.31},{"text":"to","start":2726.31,"end":2726.39},{"text":"attack.","start":2726.39,"end":2726.99}]},{"text":"The real solution lies, therefore, in confronting the problem rather than avoiding it.","start":2727.39,"end":2732.67,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":2727.39,"end":2727.51},{"text":"real","start":2727.51,"end":2727.79},{"text":"solution","start":2727.79,"end":2728.43},{"text":"lies,","start":2728.43,"end":2728.99},{"text":"therefore,","start":2728.99,"end":2729.51},{"text":"in","start":2729.51,"end":2729.67},{"text":"confronting","start":2729.67,"end":2730.27},{"text":"the","start":2730.27,"end":2730.35},{"text":"problem","start":2730.35,"end":2730.99},{"text":"rather","start":2731.15,"end":2731.55},{"text":"than","start":2731.55,"end":2731.87},{"text":"avoiding","start":2731.87,"end":2732.35},{"text":"it.","start":2732.35,"end":2732.67}]},{"text":"The situation in Yemen and in the Bab al-Mandab Strait was also before the Council at a special meeting last Tuesday.","start":2733.87,"end":2742.43,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"What","start":2751.75,"end":2752.11},{"text":"does","start":2752.11,"end":2752.27},{"text":"it","start":2752.27,"end":2752.43},{"text":"mean","start":2752.43,"end":2752.71},{"text":"when","start":2752.71,"end":2753.07},{"text":"vital","start":2753.07,"end":2753.63},{"text":"maritime","start":2753.63,"end":2754.27},{"text":"corridors","start":2754.27,"end":2754.99},{"text":"can","start":2755.31,"end":2755.71},{"text":"become","start":2755.71,"end":2756.03},{"text":"vulnerable","start":2756.03,"end":2756.51},{"text":"to","start":2756.51,"end":2756.59},{"text":"closure","start":2756.59,"end":2757.31},{"text":"or","start":2757.31,"end":2757.47},{"text":"control","start":2757.47,"end":2758.19},{"text":"by","start":2758.19,"end":2758.51},{"text":"any","start":2758.83,"end":2759.07},{"text":"given","start":2759.07,"end":2759.31},{"text":"party?","start":2759.31,"end":2759.95}]},{"text":"And what tools do we have at our disposal today to be able to react to this kind of situation?","start":2760.11,"end":2766.99,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2760.11,"end":2760.31},{"text":"what","start":2760.31,"end":2760.67},{"text":"tools","start":2760.67,"end":2760.99},{"text":"do","start":2760.99,"end":2761.11},{"text":"we","start":2761.11,"end":2761.23},{"text":"have","start":2761.23,"end":2761.63},{"text":"at","start":2761.87,"end":2762.27},{"text":"our","start":2762.27,"end":2762.51},{"text":"disposal","start":2762.51,"end":2763.31},{"text":"today","start":2763.47,"end":2763.95},{"text":"to","start":2764.19,"end":2764.59},{"text":"be","start":2764.67,"end":2764.79},{"text":"able","start":2764.79,"end":2764.99},{"text":"to","start":2764.99,"end":2765.11},{"text":"react","start":2765.11,"end":2765.51},{"text":"to","start":2765.51,"end":2765.59},{"text":"this","start":2765.59,"end":2765.95},{"text":"kind","start":2765.95,"end":2766.15},{"text":"of","start":2766.15,"end":2766.23},{"text":"situation?","start":2766.23,"end":2766.99}]},{"text":"I'm not trying here to engage in any kind of polemic.","start":2768.59,"end":2771.79,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I'm","start":2768.59,"end":2768.79},{"text":"not","start":2768.79,"end":2769.11},{"text":"trying","start":2769.11,"end":2769.43},{"text":"here","start":2769.43,"end":2769.71},{"text":"to","start":2769.71,"end":2769.95},{"text":"engage","start":2770.03,"end":2770.43},{"text":"in","start":2770.43,"end":2770.59},{"text":"any","start":2770.59,"end":2770.75},{"text":"kind","start":2770.75,"end":2770.99},{"text":"of","start":2770.99,"end":2771.07},{"text":"polemic.","start":2771.07,"end":2771.79}]},{"text":"However, we do need to call facts by their proper names.","start":2772.59,"end":2778.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":2772.59,"end":2773.07},{"text":"we","start":2773.47,"end":2773.63},{"text":"do","start":2773.63,"end":2773.95},{"text":"need","start":2773.95,"end":2774.23},{"text":"to","start":2774.23,"end":2774.59},{"text":"call","start":2774.59,"end":2775.07},{"text":"facts","start":2775.39,"end":2776.27},{"text":"by","start":2776.99,"end":2777.31},{"text":"their","start":2777.31,"end":2777.51},{"text":"proper","start":2777.51,"end":2777.79},{"text":"names.","start":2777.79,"end":2778.27}]},{"text":"This is an essential prerequisite for any serious response.","start":2778.27,"end":2782.03,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":2778.27,"end":2778.51},{"text":"is","start":2778.51,"end":2778.67},{"text":"an","start":2778.67,"end":2778.79},{"text":"essential","start":2778.79,"end":2779.23},{"text":"prerequisite","start":2779.23,"end":2780.03},{"text":"for","start":2780.03,"end":2780.19},{"text":"any","start":2780.19,"end":2780.59},{"text":"serious","start":2780.83,"end":2781.39},{"text":"response.","start":2781.39,"end":2782.03}]},{"text":"It is impossible to confront a threat if we can't identify it, name it.","start":2782.35,"end":2787.15,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2782.35,"end":2782.47},{"text":"is","start":2782.47,"end":2782.59},{"text":"impossible","start":2782.59,"end":2783.23},{"text":"to","start":2783.23,"end":2783.39},{"text":"confront","start":2783.39,"end":2783.83},{"text":"a","start":2783.83,"end":2783.87},{"text":"threat","start":2783.87,"end":2784.43},{"text":"if","start":2784.59,"end":2784.83},{"text":"we","start":2784.83,"end":2784.99},{"text":"can't","start":2784.99,"end":2785.55},{"text":"identify","start":2785.71,"end":2786.35},{"text":"it,","start":2786.35,"end":2786.51},{"text":"name","start":2786.51,"end":2786.91},{"text":"it.","start":2786.91,"end":2787.15}]},{"text":"At the same time, any disruption of maritime corridors affects people far removed from its causes.","start":2787.79,"end":2795.55,"topics":[{"key":"vulnerable-economies","label":"Vulnerable Economies and Small States","description":"A consistent concern was the disproportionate impact of maritime disruption on developing countries, small island states, landlocked countries, and import-dependent economies. 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Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":2816.11,"end":2816.31},{"text":"is","start":2816.31,"end":2816.51},{"text":"a","start":2816.75,"end":2816.79},{"text":"principle","start":2816.79,"end":2817.63},{"text":"guaranteed","start":2817.79,"end":2818.67},{"text":"by","start":2818.83,"end":2818.99},{"text":"the","start":2818.99,"end":2819.11},{"text":"United","start":2819.11,"end":2819.59},{"text":"Nations","start":2819.59,"end":2820.11},{"text":"Convention","start":2820.11,"end":2820.67},{"text":"of","start":2820.67,"end":2820.79},{"text":"the","start":2820.79,"end":2820.91},{"text":"Law","start":2820.91,"end":2821.03},{"text":"of","start":2821.03,"end":2821.15},{"text":"the","start":2821.15,"end":2821.27},{"text":"Sea.","start":2821.27,"end":2821.71}]},{"text":"And this is a rule relating to the transit passage through straits used for international navigation.","start":2823.15,"end":2833.87,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":2834.43,"end":2834.91},{"text":"the","start":2834.91,"end":2834.99},{"text":"International","start":2834.99,"end":2835.79},{"text":"Maritime","start":2835.79,"end":2836.35},{"text":"Organization,","start":2836.35,"end":2836.99},{"text":"for","start":2836.99,"end":2837.15},{"text":"its","start":2837.15,"end":2837.31},{"text":"part,","start":2837.31,"end":2837.71},{"text":"has","start":2838.03,"end":2838.27},{"text":"also","start":2838.27,"end":2838.83},{"text":"established","start":2838.91,"end":2839.47},{"text":"a","start":2839.47,"end":2839.51},{"text":"framework","start":2839.51,"end":2840.03},{"text":"for","start":2840.03,"end":2840.23},{"text":"the","start":2840.23,"end":2840.43},{"text":"prevention","start":2840.43,"end":2841.15},{"text":"of","start":2841.15,"end":2841.39},{"text":"unlawful","start":2841.39,"end":2841.95},{"text":"acts","start":2842.83,"end":2843.23},{"text":"against","start":2843.23,"end":2843.75},{"text":"the","start":2843.75,"end":2843.83},{"text":"safety","start":2843.83,"end":2844.31},{"text":"of","start":2844.31,"end":2844.43},{"text":"maritime","start":2844.43,"end":2844.99},{"text":"navigation.","start":2845.15,"end":2845.95}]},{"text":"So what we need today is not new rules.","start":2846.27,"end":2848.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"So","start":2846.27,"end":2846.39},{"text":"what","start":2846.39,"end":2846.59},{"text":"we","start":2846.59,"end":2846.71},{"text":"need","start":2846.71,"end":2846.87},{"text":"today","start":2846.87,"end":2847.15},{"text":"is","start":2847.15,"end":2847.31},{"text":"not","start":2847.31,"end":2847.43},{"text":"new","start":2847.43,"end":2847.71},{"text":"rules.","start":2847.71,"end":2848.27}]},{"text":"On the contrary, what we need to do is to close the gap between existing rules and practice.","start":2848.27,"end":2855.55,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"On","start":2848.27,"end":2848.43},{"text":"the","start":2848.43,"end":2848.51},{"text":"contrary,","start":2848.51,"end":2849.07},{"text":"what","start":2849.83,"end":2850.03},{"text":"we","start":2850.03,"end":2850.11},{"text":"need","start":2850.11,"end":2850.31},{"text":"to","start":2850.31,"end":2850.43},{"text":"do","start":2850.43,"end":2850.59},{"text":"is","start":2850.59,"end":2850.75},{"text":"to","start":2850.75,"end":2850.87},{"text":"close","start":2850.87,"end":2851.31},{"text":"the","start":2851.31,"end":2851.43},{"text":"gap","start":2851.43,"end":2851.79},{"text":"between","start":2851.79,"end":2852.35},{"text":"existing","start":2852.59,"end":2853.31},{"text":"rules","start":2853.47,"end":2854.11},{"text":"and","start":2854.55,"end":2854.75},{"text":"practice.","start":2854.75,"end":2855.55}]},{"text":"And in response to the questions raised at the outset of our meeting, I'd like to say the following.","start":2856.23,"end":2861.43,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":2856.23,"end":2856.55},{"text":"in","start":2856.55,"end":2856.79},{"text":"response","start":2856.79,"end":2857.35},{"text":"to","start":2857.35,"end":2857.43},{"text":"the","start":2857.43,"end":2857.55},{"text":"questions","start":2857.55,"end":2857.99},{"text":"raised","start":2857.99,"end":2858.43},{"text":"at","start":2858.67,"end":2858.75},{"text":"the","start":2858.75,"end":2858.91},{"text":"outset","start":2858.91,"end":2859.31},{"text":"of","start":2859.31,"end":2859.43},{"text":"our","start":2859.43,"end":2859.51},{"text":"meeting,","start":2859.51,"end":2859.99},{"text":"I'd","start":2859.99,"end":2860.19},{"text":"like","start":2860.19,"end":2860.35},{"text":"to","start":2860.35,"end":2860.55},{"text":"say","start":2860.55,"end":2860.79},{"text":"the","start":2860.79,"end":2860.95},{"text":"following.","start":2860.95,"end":2861.43}]},{"text":"Firstly, moving from discussion to action depends on four principal elements.","start":2862.07,"end":2869.43,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."}],"words":[{"text":"Firstly,","start":2862.07,"end":2862.71},{"text":"moving","start":2865.51,"end":2865.83},{"text":"from","start":2865.83,"end":2866.07},{"text":"discussion","start":2866.07,"end":2866.79},{"text":"to","start":2866.79,"end":2866.95},{"text":"action","start":2866.95,"end":2867.43},{"text":"depends","start":2867.43,"end":2867.83},{"text":"on","start":2867.83,"end":2867.99},{"text":"four","start":2867.99,"end":2868.23},{"text":"principal","start":2868.23,"end":2868.79},{"text":"elements.","start":2868.79,"end":2869.43}]},{"text":"First, strengthening maritime domain awareness, information sharing and early warning, particularly through arrangements that enjoy broad participation.","start":2869.67,"end":2882.51,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":2869.67,"end":2870.15},{"text":"strengthening","start":2870.55,"end":2871.19},{"text":"maritime","start":2871.27,"end":2871.83},{"text":"domain","start":2871.99,"end":2872.47},{"text":"awareness,","start":2872.47,"end":2873.19},{"text":"information","start":2873.35,"end":2873.99},{"text":"sharing","start":2873.99,"end":2874.39},{"text":"and","start":2874.39,"end":2874.55},{"text":"early","start":2874.55,"end":2874.87},{"text":"warning,","start":2874.87,"end":2875.43},{"text":"particularly","start":2876.79,"end":2877.43},{"text":"through","start":2877.43,"end":2877.91},{"text":"arrangements","start":2878.39,"end":2879.35},{"text":"that","start":2880.35,"end":2880.75},{"text":"enjoy","start":2880.75,"end":2881.15},{"text":"broad","start":2881.15,"end":2881.55},{"text":"participation.","start":2881.55,"end":2882.51}]},{"text":"Secondly, it involves enhancing preparedness so that the response can begin before the damage has taken place and not after the fact.","start":2882.83,"end":2892.35,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. 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Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":3017.27,"end":3017.75},{"text":"response","start":3017.75,"end":3018.79},{"text":"must","start":3020.63,"end":3020.95},{"text":"involve","start":3020.95,"end":3022.15},{"text":"increasing","start":3022.23,"end":3023.35},{"text":"involvement","start":3023.91,"end":3024.59},{"text":"of","start":3024.59,"end":3024.71},{"text":"those","start":3024.71,"end":3024.95},{"text":"countries","start":3024.95,"end":3025.35},{"text":"affected.","start":3025.35,"end":3025.99}]},{"text":"Otherwise, no solution will last.","start":3026.23,"end":3028.63,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"Otherwise,","start":3026.23,"end":3026.63},{"text":"no","start":3026.63,"end":3026.95},{"text":"solution","start":3026.95,"end":3027.59},{"text":"will","start":3027.75,"end":3028.19},{"text":"last.","start":3028.19,"end":3028.63}]},{"text":"In conclusion, and guided by the approach of His Majesty King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, King of the Kingdom of Bahrain, we reaffirm our commitment to strengthening international peace And our doors will always be open to all partners who believe, as we do, in the security of the seas.","start":3028.87,"end":3058.51,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. 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Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3058.51,"end":3058.75},{"text":"is","start":3058.75,"end":3058.95},{"text":"a","start":3058.95,"end":3058.99},{"text":"shared","start":3059.15,"end":3059.63},{"text":"security.","start":3059.63,"end":3060.51}]},{"text":"Now, I would like to give the floor to members of the Security Council, and I begin with Latvia.","start":3063.87,"end":3070.27,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Now,","start":3063.87,"end":3064.07},{"text":"I","start":3064.43,"end":3064.55},{"text":"would","start":3064.55,"end":3064.67},{"text":"like","start":3064.67,"end":3064.87},{"text":"to","start":3064.87,"end":3065.15},{"text":"give","start":3065.15,"end":3065.47},{"text":"the","start":3065.47,"end":3065.63},{"text":"floor","start":3065.63,"end":3066.11},{"text":"to","start":3066.11,"end":3066.51},{"text":"members","start":3066.67,"end":3067.15},{"text":"of","start":3067.15,"end":3067.31},{"text":"the","start":3067.31,"end":3067.47},{"text":"Security","start":3067.47,"end":3068.11},{"text":"Council,","start":3068.11,"end":3068.59},{"text":"and","start":3068.59,"end":3068.91},{"text":"I","start":3068.91,"end":3069.07},{"text":"begin","start":3069.07,"end":3069.47},{"text":"with","start":3069.47,"end":3069.67},{"text":"Latvia.","start":3069.67,"end":3070.27}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdulatif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Minister of Foreign Affairs"}},{"statement_number":12,"start":3076.97,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=51:17","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Excellency.","start":3076.97,"end":3078.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3076.97,"end":3077.21},{"text":"you,","start":3077.21,"end":3077.33},{"text":"Excellency.","start":3077.33,"end":3078.01}]},{"text":"And allow me to begin by thanking the Kingdom of Bahrain for organizing this Area Formula Meeting on Freedom of Navigation and Evolving Security Environments, and to welcome the presence of His Excellency Dr. Abdulatif bin Rashid Al Zayani, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Bahrain.","start":3078.79,"end":3097.59,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3078.79,"end":3079.03},{"text":"allow","start":3079.11,"end":3079.47},{"text":"me","start":3079.47,"end":3079.67},{"text":"to","start":3079.67,"end":3079.91},{"text":"begin","start":3079.91,"end":3080.31},{"text":"by","start":3080.31,"end":3080.55},{"text":"thanking","start":3080.55,"end":3081.03},{"text":"the","start":3081.03,"end":3081.15},{"text":"Kingdom","start":3081.15,"end":3081.59},{"text":"of","start":3081.63,"end":3081.75},{"text":"Bahrain","start":3081.75,"end":3082.39},{"text":"for","start":3082.39,"end":3082.67},{"text":"organizing","start":3082.67,"end":3083.27},{"text":"this","start":3083.27,"end":3083.59},{"text":"Area","start":3083.59,"end":3083.83},{"text":"Formula","start":3083.83,"end":3084.27},{"text":"Meeting","start":3084.27,"end":3084.79},{"text":"on","start":3084.79,"end":3085.19},{"text":"Freedom","start":3085.19,"end":3085.59},{"text":"of","start":3085.59,"end":3085.75},{"text":"Navigation","start":3085.75,"end":3086.63},{"text":"and","start":3087.15,"end":3087.31},{"text":"Evolving","start":3087.31,"end":3087.75},{"text":"Security","start":3087.75,"end":3088.27},{"text":"Environments,","start":3088.27,"end":3089.03},{"text":"and","start":3089.83,"end":3090.03},{"text":"to","start":3090.03,"end":3090.15},{"text":"welcome","start":3090.15,"end":3090.47},{"text":"the","start":3090.47,"end":3090.55},{"text":"presence","start":3090.55,"end":3091.27},{"text":"of","start":3091.27,"end":3091.39},{"text":"His","start":3091.39,"end":3091.59},{"text":"Excellency","start":3091.59,"end":3092.47},{"text":"Dr.","start":3092.63,"end":3092.99},{"text":"Abdulatif","start":3092.99,"end":3093.59},{"text":"bin","start":3093.59,"end":3093.83},{"text":"Rashid","start":3093.83,"end":3094.23},{"text":"Al","start":3094.23,"end":3094.39},{"text":"Zayani,","start":3094.39,"end":3095.11},{"text":"Minister","start":3095.11,"end":3095.59},{"text":"of","start":3095.59,"end":3095.67},{"text":"Foreign","start":3095.67,"end":3095.95},{"text":"Affairs","start":3095.95,"end":3096.35},{"text":"of","start":3096.35,"end":3096.43},{"text":"the","start":3096.43,"end":3096.55},{"text":"Kingdom","start":3096.55,"end":3096.95},{"text":"of","start":3096.95,"end":3097.03},{"text":"Bahrain.","start":3097.03,"end":3097.59}]},{"text":"And I also thank the distinguished briefers for their valuable contributions.","start":3098.43,"end":3101.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3098.43,"end":3098.55},{"text":"I","start":3098.55,"end":3098.63},{"text":"also","start":3098.63,"end":3098.95},{"text":"thank","start":3098.95,"end":3099.15},{"text":"the","start":3099.15,"end":3099.27},{"text":"distinguished","start":3099.27,"end":3099.75},{"text":"briefers","start":3099.75,"end":3100.07},{"text":"for","start":3100.15,"end":3100.27},{"text":"their","start":3100.27,"end":3100.43},{"text":"valuable","start":3100.43,"end":3100.87},{"text":"contributions.","start":3100.87,"end":3101.83}]},{"text":"The world has long faced threats of piracy, maritime crime and natural disasters.","start":3103.71,"end":3108.83,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal 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The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3117.47,"end":3117.75},{"text":"state","start":3117.75,"end":3118.03},{"text":"of","start":3118.03,"end":3118.11},{"text":"play","start":3118.11,"end":3118.43},{"text":"has","start":3118.43,"end":3118.75},{"text":"now","start":3118.75,"end":3119.07},{"text":"rapidly","start":3119.07,"end":3119.63},{"text":"shifted","start":3119.63,"end":3120.27},{"text":"as","start":3120.75,"end":3121.07},{"text":"increasingly","start":3121.61,"end":3121.97},{"text":"ruthless","start":3121.97,"end":3122.49},{"text":"state","start":3122.73,"end":3123.13},{"text":"actors","start":3123.13,"end":3123.69},{"text":"attempt","start":3123.69,"end":3124.41},{"text":"to","start":3124.41,"end":3124.49},{"text":"use","start":3124.49,"end":3124.73},{"text":"international","start":3124.73,"end":3125.29},{"text":"waterways","start":3125.29,"end":3125.93},{"text":"as","start":3126.25,"end":3126.41},{"text":"leverage","start":3126.41,"end":3127.05},{"text":"to","start":3127.13,"end":3127.25},{"text":"essentially","start":3127.25,"end":3127.77},{"text":"blackmail","start":3127.77,"end":3128.25},{"text":"the","start":3128.25,"end":3128.41},{"text":"world","start":3128.41,"end":3128.81},{"text":"by","start":3129.29,"end":3129.53},{"text":"threatening","start":3129.53,"end":3129.93},{"text":"critical","start":3129.93,"end":3130.37},{"text":"supply","start":3130.37,"end":3130.73},{"text":"chains","start":3130.73,"end":3131.09},{"text":"and","start":3131.09,"end":3131.25},{"text":"global","start":3131.25,"end":3131.53},{"text":"economy.","start":3131.53,"end":3132.13}]},{"text":"Maritime security and the well-established norms of freedom of navigation have therefore become a major challenge on the global stage.","start":3133.29,"end":3140.97,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Maritime","start":3133.29,"end":3133.77},{"text":"security","start":3133.77,"end":3134.41},{"text":"and","start":3134.73,"end":3134.85},{"text":"the","start":3134.85,"end":3134.93},{"text":"well-established","start":3134.93,"end":3135.61},{"text":"norms","start":3135.61,"end":3136.09},{"text":"of","start":3136.09,"end":3136.17},{"text":"freedom","start":3136.17,"end":3136.57},{"text":"of","start":3136.57,"end":3136.65},{"text":"navigation","start":3136.65,"end":3137.53},{"text":"have","start":3138.09,"end":3138.29},{"text":"therefore","start":3138.33,"end":3138.73},{"text":"become","start":3138.73,"end":3139.05},{"text":"a","start":3139.05,"end":3139.09},{"text":"major","start":3139.09,"end":3139.45},{"text":"challenge","start":3139.45,"end":3139.89},{"text":"on","start":3139.89,"end":3139.97},{"text":"the","start":3139.97,"end":3140.05},{"text":"global","start":3140.05,"end":3140.41},{"text":"stage.","start":3140.41,"end":3140.97}]},{"text":"This issue has never been as prominent for maintenance of peace and security and for the Security Council agenda as it is now, so this discussion could not be timelier.","start":3141.61,"end":3151.29,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":3141.61,"end":3141.85},{"text":"issue","start":3141.85,"end":3142.09},{"text":"has","start":3142.09,"end":3142.21},{"text":"never","start":3142.25,"end":3142.45},{"text":"been","start":3142.45,"end":3142.73},{"text":"as","start":3142.89,"end":3143.13},{"text":"prominent","start":3143.13,"end":3143.85},{"text":"for","start":3143.85,"end":3144.01},{"text":"maintenance","start":3144.01,"end":3144.73},{"text":"of","start":3144.77,"end":3144.89},{"text":"peace","start":3145.13,"end":3145.33},{"text":"and","start":3145.33,"end":3145.45},{"text":"security","start":3145.45,"end":3146.17},{"text":"and","start":3146.25,"end":3146.45},{"text":"for","start":3146.45,"end":3146.57},{"text":"the","start":3146.57,"end":3146.69},{"text":"Security","start":3146.69,"end":3147.05},{"text":"Council","start":3147.05,"end":3147.45},{"text":"agenda","start":3147.45,"end":3147.89},{"text":"as","start":3147.89,"end":3148.01},{"text":"it","start":3148.01,"end":3148.17},{"text":"is","start":3148.17,"end":3148.33},{"text":"now,","start":3148.33,"end":3148.65},{"text":"so","start":3149.21,"end":3149.41},{"text":"this","start":3149.41,"end":3149.61},{"text":"discussion","start":3149.61,"end":3150.17},{"text":"could","start":3150.17,"end":3150.33},{"text":"not","start":3150.33,"end":3150.49},{"text":"be","start":3150.49,"end":3150.65},{"text":"timelier.","start":3150.65,"end":3151.29}]},{"text":"Iran and Russia have been disrupting global maritime commerce for their own political gain in complete disregard of international law and the humanitarian economic consequences of their actions.","start":3155.13,"end":3165.13,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."},{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."},{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"Iran","start":3155.13,"end":3155.45},{"text":"and","start":3155.45,"end":3155.61},{"text":"Russia","start":3155.61,"end":3155.89},{"text":"have","start":3155.89,"end":3156.09},{"text":"been","start":3156.09,"end":3156.21},{"text":"disrupting","start":3156.21,"end":3156.77},{"text":"global","start":3156.77,"end":3157.17},{"text":"maritime","start":3157.17,"end":3157.61},{"text":"commerce","start":3157.61,"end":3158.09},{"text":"for","start":3158.09,"end":3158.29},{"text":"their","start":3158.29,"end":3158.61},{"text":"own","start":3158.61,"end":3158.73},{"text":"political","start":3158.73,"end":3159.17},{"text":"gain","start":3159.17,"end":3159.69},{"text":"in","start":3159.77,"end":3159.93},{"text":"complete","start":3159.93,"end":3160.37},{"text":"disregard","start":3160.37,"end":3160.97},{"text":"of","start":3160.97,"end":3161.05},{"text":"international","start":3161.05,"end":3161.89},{"text":"law","start":3161.89,"end":3161.97},{"text":"and","start":3162.01,"end":3162.13},{"text":"the","start":3162.13,"end":3162.21},{"text":"humanitarian","start":3162.21,"end":3162.97},{"text":"economic","start":3162.97,"end":3163.49},{"text":"consequences","start":3163.49,"end":3164.25},{"text":"of","start":3164.25,"end":3164.33},{"text":"their","start":3164.33,"end":3164.53},{"text":"actions.","start":3164.53,"end":3165.13}]},{"text":"Iran has been trying to restrict free and safe passage through the Strait of Hormuz, an international waterway hosting countless crucial supply chains, striking commercial vessels, just as it has been striking civilian infrastructure in its neighboring states in the Gulf and beyond, in direct violation of the Council Resolution 2817.","start":3165.93,"end":3187.29,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."},{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"Iran","start":3165.93,"end":3166.25},{"text":"has","start":3166.25,"end":3166.41},{"text":"been","start":3166.41,"end":3166.57},{"text":"trying","start":3166.57,"end":3166.97},{"text":"to","start":3166.97,"end":3167.05},{"text":"restrict","start":3167.05,"end":3167.69},{"text":"free","start":3167.69,"end":3167.89},{"text":"and","start":3167.89,"end":3168.01},{"text":"safe","start":3168.01,"end":3168.25},{"text":"passage","start":3168.25,"end":3168.73},{"text":"through","start":3168.73,"end":3168.89},{"text":"the","start":3168.89,"end":3169.01},{"text":"Strait","start":3169.01,"end":3169.29},{"text":"of","start":3169.29,"end":3169.41},{"text":"Hormuz,","start":3169.41,"end":3170.01},{"text":"an","start":3170.53,"end":3170.65},{"text":"international","start":3170.65,"end":3171.21},{"text":"waterway","start":3171.21,"end":3171.93},{"text":"hosting","start":3172.09,"end":3172.49},{"text":"countless","start":3172.49,"end":3173.13},{"text":"crucial","start":3173.77,"end":3174.17},{"text":"supply","start":3174.17,"end":3174.57},{"text":"chains,","start":3174.57,"end":3175.05},{"text":"striking","start":3175.37,"end":3175.89},{"text":"commercial","start":3175.89,"end":3176.33},{"text":"vessels,","start":3176.33,"end":3176.97},{"text":"just","start":3177.29,"end":3177.53},{"text":"as","start":3177.53,"end":3177.77},{"text":"it","start":3177.77,"end":3178.01},{"text":"has","start":3178.01,"end":3178.13},{"text":"been","start":3178.13,"end":3178.33},{"text":"striking","start":3178.33,"end":3178.81},{"text":"civilian","start":3178.81,"end":3179.29},{"text":"infrastructure","start":3179.29,"end":3180.09},{"text":"in","start":3180.17,"end":3180.33},{"text":"its","start":3180.33,"end":3180.49},{"text":"neighboring","start":3180.49,"end":3180.89},{"text":"states","start":3180.89,"end":3181.45},{"text":"in","start":3181.45,"end":3181.61},{"text":"the","start":3181.61,"end":3181.73},{"text":"Gulf","start":3181.73,"end":3182.01},{"text":"and","start":3182.01,"end":3182.17},{"text":"beyond,","start":3182.17,"end":3182.73},{"text":"in","start":3183.45,"end":3183.61},{"text":"direct","start":3183.61,"end":3183.97},{"text":"violation","start":3183.97,"end":3184.73},{"text":"of","start":3184.73,"end":3184.85},{"text":"the","start":3184.85,"end":3184.93},{"text":"Council","start":3184.93,"end":3185.33},{"text":"Resolution","start":3185.33,"end":3185.93},{"text":"2817.","start":3185.93,"end":3187.29}]},{"text":"Russia has been perpetrating unjustified strikes against Ukrainian civilian Black Sea port infrastructure and vessels since the first months of its full-scale invasion.","start":3188.49,"end":3198.33,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."},{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."},{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"Russia","start":3188.49,"end":3188.77},{"text":"has","start":3188.77,"end":3188.89},{"text":"been","start":3188.89,"end":3189.13},{"text":"perpetrating","start":3189.13,"end":3190.01},{"text":"unjustified","start":3190.45,"end":3191.05},{"text":"strikes","start":3191.05,"end":3191.61},{"text":"against","start":3191.61,"end":3191.93},{"text":"Ukrainian","start":3191.93,"end":3192.41},{"text":"civilian","start":3192.41,"end":3192.89},{"text":"Black","start":3192.89,"end":3193.21},{"text":"Sea","start":3193.21,"end":3193.61},{"text":"port","start":3193.85,"end":3194.17},{"text":"infrastructure","start":3194.17,"end":3194.85},{"text":"and","start":3194.85,"end":3195.05},{"text":"vessels","start":3195.05,"end":3195.69},{"text":"since","start":3195.93,"end":3196.25},{"text":"the","start":3196.25,"end":3196.33},{"text":"first","start":3196.33,"end":3196.65},{"text":"months","start":3196.65,"end":3196.97},{"text":"of","start":3196.97,"end":3197.05},{"text":"its","start":3197.05,"end":3197.21},{"text":"full-scale","start":3197.21,"end":3197.61},{"text":"invasion.","start":3197.61,"end":3198.33}]},{"text":"These attacks have escalated recently, killing and injuring seafarers of various nations, targeting civilian vessels, merchant vessels, even flagged and owned by third countries.","start":3198.97,"end":3210.73,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."},{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":3198.97,"end":3199.25},{"text":"attacks","start":3199.25,"end":3199.77},{"text":"have","start":3200.49,"end":3200.69},{"text":"escalated","start":3200.69,"end":3201.21},{"text":"recently,","start":3201.21,"end":3201.77},{"text":"killing","start":3201.77,"end":3202.25},{"text":"and","start":3202.25,"end":3202.41},{"text":"injuring","start":3202.41,"end":3202.89},{"text":"seafarers","start":3202.97,"end":3203.73},{"text":"of","start":3203.73,"end":3203.81},{"text":"various","start":3203.81,"end":3204.25},{"text":"nations,","start":3204.25,"end":3204.89},{"text":"targeting","start":3205.05,"end":3205.53},{"text":"civilian","start":3205.53,"end":3206.01},{"text":"vessels,","start":3206.01,"end":3206.65},{"text":"merchant","start":3206.65,"end":3207.21},{"text":"vessels,","start":3207.21,"end":3207.85},{"text":"even","start":3208.25,"end":3208.49},{"text":"flagged","start":3208.49,"end":3208.85},{"text":"and","start":3208.85,"end":3209.01},{"text":"owned","start":3209.21,"end":3209.61},{"text":"by","start":3209.61,"end":3209.85},{"text":"third","start":3209.85,"end":3210.09},{"text":"countries.","start":3210.09,"end":3210.73}]},{"text":"Crucially, these targeted vessels are transporting grain to supply countries across the globe, desperately needed for the world's poorest.","start":3211.13,"end":3221.13,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."},{"key":"vulnerable-economies","label":"Vulnerable Economies and Small States","description":"A consistent concern was the disproportionate impact of maritime disruption on developing countries, small island states, landlocked countries, and import-dependent economies. Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"Crucially,","start":3211.13,"end":3211.77},{"text":"these","start":3211.85,"end":3212.25},{"text":"targeted","start":3212.25,"end":3212.73},{"text":"vessels","start":3212.73,"end":3213.21},{"text":"are","start":3213.21,"end":3213.37},{"text":"transporting","start":3213.37,"end":3214.09},{"text":"grain","start":3214.09,"end":3214.57},{"text":"to","start":3215.77,"end":3215.85},{"text":"supply","start":3215.85,"end":3216.33},{"text":"countries","start":3216.65,"end":3217.21},{"text":"across","start":3217.21,"end":3217.57},{"text":"the","start":3217.57,"end":3217.65},{"text":"globe,","start":3217.65,"end":3218.09},{"text":"desperately","start":3218.73,"end":3219.37},{"text":"needed","start":3219.37,"end":3219.85},{"text":"for","start":3219.85,"end":3219.97},{"text":"the","start":3219.97,"end":3220.09},{"text":"world's","start":3220.09,"end":3220.57},{"text":"poorest.","start":3220.65,"end":3221.13}]},{"text":"These actions share an immoral strategy of trying to gain geopolitical advantage and putting pressure on one's opponents at the expense of vulnerable populations in other parts of the world.","start":3222.73,"end":3234.29,"topics":[{"key":"vulnerable-economies","label":"Vulnerable Economies and Small States","description":"A consistent concern was the disproportionate impact of maritime disruption on developing countries, small island states, landlocked countries, and import-dependent economies. Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."},{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":3222.73,"end":3222.93},{"text":"actions","start":3222.93,"end":3223.29},{"text":"share","start":3223.29,"end":3223.85},{"text":"an","start":3224.13,"end":3224.29},{"text":"immoral","start":3224.29,"end":3224.61},{"text":"strategy","start":3224.61,"end":3225.37},{"text":"of","start":3225.37,"end":3225.61},{"text":"trying","start":3227.09,"end":3227.41},{"text":"to","start":3227.41,"end":3227.53},{"text":"gain","start":3227.53,"end":3227.97},{"text":"geopolitical","start":3227.97,"end":3228.57},{"text":"advantage","start":3228.57,"end":3229.13},{"text":"and","start":3229.13,"end":3229.25},{"text":"putting","start":3229.25,"end":3229.57},{"text":"pressure","start":3229.57,"end":3229.89},{"text":"on","start":3229.89,"end":3229.97},{"text":"one's","start":3229.97,"end":3230.29},{"text":"opponents","start":3230.29,"end":3230.93},{"text":"at","start":3230.93,"end":3231.01},{"text":"the","start":3231.01,"end":3231.09},{"text":"expense","start":3231.09,"end":3231.53},{"text":"of","start":3231.53,"end":3231.69},{"text":"vulnerable","start":3231.69,"end":3232.13},{"text":"populations","start":3232.13,"end":3232.85},{"text":"in","start":3232.85,"end":3233.01},{"text":"other","start":3233.01,"end":3233.33},{"text":"parts","start":3233.33,"end":3233.65},{"text":"of","start":3233.65,"end":3233.73},{"text":"the","start":3233.73,"end":3233.81},{"text":"world.","start":3233.81,"end":3234.29}]},{"text":"Worryingly, we are seeing a similar pattern reemerging in the Red Sea and around the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, as this critical global waterway is increasingly under the threat of intimidation and attack from the Iran-backed Houthis.","start":3235.09,"end":3247.73,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."},{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. 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Speakers warned that maritime rules and response tools must adapt to these evolving and hybrid forms of insecurity."}],"words":[{"text":"When","start":3491.85,"end":3492.13},{"text":"a","start":3492.13,"end":3492.21},{"text":"missile","start":3492.21,"end":3493.01},{"text":"strikes","start":3493.01,"end":3493.73},{"text":"the","start":3493.73,"end":3493.85},{"text":"Red","start":3493.85,"end":3494.09},{"text":"Sea","start":3494.09,"end":3494.69},{"text":"or","start":3494.69,"end":3494.81},{"text":"a","start":3494.81,"end":3494.85},{"text":"mine","start":3494.93,"end":3495.49},{"text":"threatens","start":3495.49,"end":3496.25},{"text":"the","start":3496.25,"end":3496.37},{"text":"Strait","start":3496.37,"end":3496.65},{"text":"of","start":3496.65,"end":3496.81},{"text":"Hormuz,","start":3496.81,"end":3497.49},{"text":"the","start":3498.29,"end":3498.37},{"text":"shock","start":3498.37,"end":3498.85},{"text":"waves","start":3498.85,"end":3499.49},{"text":"do","start":3499.57,"end":3499.73},{"text":"not","start":3499.73,"end":3499.97},{"text":"stop","start":3499.97,"end":3500.45},{"text":"at","start":3500.69,"end":3500.81},{"text":"the","start":3500.81,"end":3500.93},{"text":"water's","start":3500.93,"end":3501.41},{"text":"edge.","start":3501.49,"end":3501.97}]},{"text":"They reverberate directly into consumer markets, driving up freight and insurance premiums, and turning daily bread, energy, and fertilizer into unaffordable luxuries for millions across the global south, most acutely across Africa.","start":3503.17,"end":3525.89,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."},{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."},{"key":"vulnerable-economies","label":"Vulnerable Economies and Small States","description":"A consistent concern was the disproportionate impact of maritime disruption on developing countries, small island states, landlocked countries, and import-dependent economies. Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":3503.17,"end":3503.29},{"text":"reverberate","start":3503.29,"end":3504.21},{"text":"directly","start":3504.21,"end":3504.89},{"text":"into","start":3504.89,"end":3505.17},{"text":"consumer","start":3505.17,"end":3505.73},{"text":"markets,","start":3505.73,"end":3506.45},{"text":"driving","start":3507.09,"end":3507.65},{"text":"up","start":3507.65,"end":3507.81},{"text":"freight","start":3507.81,"end":3508.37},{"text":"and","start":3508.53,"end":3508.77},{"text":"insurance","start":3508.77,"end":3509.41},{"text":"premiums,","start":3509.41,"end":3510.13},{"text":"and","start":3510.85,"end":3511.09},{"text":"turning","start":3511.09,"end":3511.81},{"text":"daily","start":3511.89,"end":3512.37},{"text":"bread,","start":3512.37,"end":3513.01},{"text":"energy,","start":3513.89,"end":3514.53},{"text":"and","start":3515.17,"end":3515.37},{"text":"fertilizer","start":3515.37,"end":3516.45},{"text":"into","start":3516.93,"end":3517.49},{"text":"unaffordable","start":3517.49,"end":3518.77},{"text":"luxuries","start":3518.77,"end":3519.49},{"text":"for","start":3519.49,"end":3519.65},{"text":"millions","start":3519.65,"end":3520.61},{"text":"across","start":3520.61,"end":3521.17},{"text":"the","start":3521.17,"end":3521.29},{"text":"global","start":3521.29,"end":3521.65},{"text":"south,","start":3521.65,"end":3522.09},{"text":"most","start":3522.69,"end":3523.33},{"text":"acutely","start":3523.33,"end":3524.37},{"text":"across","start":3524.93,"end":3525.41},{"text":"Africa.","start":3525.41,"end":3525.89}]},{"text":"The briefers are right.","start":3528.29,"end":3529.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3528.29,"end":3528.45},{"text":"briefers","start":3528.45,"end":3528.93},{"text":"are","start":3528.93,"end":3529.13},{"text":"right.","start":3529.13,"end":3529.57}]},{"text":"Navigation of freedom is not an abstract concept.","start":3530.69,"end":3535.09,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Navigation","start":3530.69,"end":3531.41},{"text":"of","start":3531.41,"end":3531.49},{"text":"freedom","start":3531.49,"end":3532.13},{"text":"is","start":3532.61,"end":3532.85},{"text":"not","start":3532.85,"end":3533.33},{"text":"an","start":3533.41,"end":3533.57},{"text":"abstract","start":3533.65,"end":3534.29},{"text":"concept.","start":3534.37,"end":3535.09}]},{"text":"It is the circulatory system of human survival.","start":3536.05,"end":3541.21,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3536.05,"end":3536.29},{"text":"is","start":3536.37,"end":3537.17},{"text":"the","start":3537.25,"end":3537.41},{"text":"circulatory","start":3537.41,"end":3538.41},{"text":"system","start":3538.41,"end":3539.25},{"text":"of","start":3539.85,"end":3540.01},{"text":"human","start":3540.01,"end":3540.57},{"text":"survival.","start":3540.57,"end":3541.21}]},{"text":"To preserve it, Liberia presents three imperatives.","start":3542.25,"end":3546.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"To","start":3542.25,"end":3542.33},{"text":"preserve","start":3542.33,"end":3542.97},{"text":"it,","start":3542.97,"end":3543.21},{"text":"Liberia","start":3544.09,"end":3544.57},{"text":"presents","start":3544.57,"end":3545.29},{"text":"three","start":3545.45,"end":3546.01},{"text":"imperatives.","start":3546.01,"end":3546.97}]},{"text":"First, law must govern the waves.","start":3548.01,"end":3552.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":3548.01,"end":3548.65},{"text":"law","start":3549.69,"end":3550.25},{"text":"must","start":3550.41,"end":3550.81},{"text":"govern","start":3550.81,"end":3551.61},{"text":"the","start":3551.69,"end":3551.93},{"text":"waves.","start":3551.93,"end":3552.65}]},{"text":"Freedom of navigation and transit passage are not privileges granted at political discretion.","start":3553.61,"end":3562.01,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Freedom","start":3553.61,"end":3554.09},{"text":"of","start":3554.09,"end":3554.25},{"text":"navigation","start":3554.25,"end":3554.93},{"text":"and","start":3554.93,"end":3555.13},{"text":"transit","start":3555.13,"end":3555.77},{"text":"passage","start":3555.77,"end":3556.57},{"text":"are","start":3557.09,"end":3557.17},{"text":"not","start":3557.17,"end":3557.77},{"text":"privileges","start":3557.77,"end":3558.65},{"text":"granted","start":3558.97,"end":3559.93},{"text":"at","start":3560.17,"end":3560.41},{"text":"political","start":3560.41,"end":3561.13},{"text":"discretion.","start":3561.13,"end":3562.01}]},{"text":"They are universal rights codified in UNCLOS and the U.N.","start":3562.89,"end":3569.01,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":3562.89,"end":3563.21},{"text":"are","start":3563.29,"end":3563.53},{"text":"universal","start":3563.53,"end":3564.41},{"text":"rights","start":3564.41,"end":3565.21},{"text":"codified","start":3565.45,"end":3566.41},{"text":"in","start":3566.41,"end":3566.53},{"text":"UNCLOS","start":3566.53,"end":3567.45},{"text":"and","start":3568.05,"end":3568.49},{"text":"the","start":3568.49,"end":3568.57},{"text":"U.N.","start":3568.57,"end":3569.01}]},{"text":"Charter.","start":3569.01,"end":3569.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Charter.","start":3569.01,"end":3569.57}]},{"text":"The international community must never normalize unilateral interference, harassment, or lawlessness across critical international waterways.","start":3570.93,"end":3584.61,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3570.93,"end":3571.05},{"text":"international","start":3571.05,"end":3571.73},{"text":"community","start":3571.73,"end":3572.69},{"text":"must","start":3573.01,"end":3573.41},{"text":"never","start":3573.41,"end":3574.29},{"text":"normalize","start":3574.69,"end":3575.97},{"text":"unilateral","start":3576.05,"end":3577.01},{"text":"interference,","start":3577.01,"end":3578.21},{"text":"harassment,","start":3578.77,"end":3579.89},{"text":"or","start":3580.45,"end":3580.69},{"text":"lawlessness","start":3580.69,"end":3581.73},{"text":"across","start":3581.73,"end":3582.29},{"text":"critical","start":3582.29,"end":3582.93},{"text":"international","start":3582.93,"end":3583.69},{"text":"waterways.","start":3583.69,"end":3584.61}]},{"text":"Second, we must replace escalation with neutral multilateral deconfliction.","start":3585.89,"end":3594.21,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."},{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":3585.89,"end":3586.45},{"text":"we","start":3587.57,"end":3587.81},{"text":"must","start":3587.81,"end":3588.37},{"text":"replace","start":3588.37,"end":3589.25},{"text":"escalation","start":3589.33,"end":3590.53},{"text":"with","start":3590.85,"end":3591.17},{"text":"neutral","start":3591.17,"end":3591.89},{"text":"multilateral","start":3591.89,"end":3592.85},{"text":"deconfliction.","start":3592.85,"end":3594.21}]},{"text":"Military buildup alone cannot guarantee commercial passage.","start":3595.17,"end":3600.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Military","start":3595.17,"end":3595.93},{"text":"buildup","start":3595.93,"end":3596.53},{"text":"alone","start":3596.53,"end":3597.09},{"text":"cannot","start":3597.77,"end":3598.17},{"text":"guarantee","start":3598.17,"end":3598.97},{"text":"commercial","start":3598.97,"end":3599.69},{"text":"passage.","start":3599.69,"end":3600.49}]},{"text":"Liberia backs the Secretary-General's good offices to establish a neutral UN-led deconfliction framework focused on insulating civilian merchant vessels and safeguarding critical flows of grain and fertilizer.","start":3601.45,"end":3619.93,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."},{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. 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Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"Liberia","start":3601.45,"end":3602.01},{"text":"backs","start":3602.01,"end":3602.57},{"text":"the","start":3602.57,"end":3602.65},{"text":"Secretary-General's","start":3602.65,"end":3603.81},{"text":"good","start":3603.81,"end":3604.09},{"text":"offices","start":3604.09,"end":3604.89},{"text":"to","start":3605.21,"end":3605.33},{"text":"establish","start":3605.37,"end":3606.25},{"text":"a","start":3606.25,"end":3606.29},{"text":"neutral","start":3606.33,"end":3607.21},{"text":"UN-led","start":3607.45,"end":3608.69},{"text":"deconfliction","start":3608.69,"end":3609.69},{"text":"framework","start":3609.69,"end":3610.49},{"text":"focused","start":3610.97,"end":3611.69},{"text":"on","start":3611.69,"end":3612.01},{"text":"insulating","start":3612.01,"end":3612.97},{"text":"civilian","start":3612.97,"end":3613.61},{"text":"merchant","start":3613.61,"end":3614.09},{"text":"vessels","start":3614.09,"end":3614.81},{"text":"and","start":3615.05,"end":3615.41},{"text":"safeguarding","start":3615.41,"end":3616.57},{"text":"critical","start":3616.89,"end":3617.37},{"text":"flows","start":3617.37,"end":3617.85},{"text":"of","start":3617.85,"end":3618.01},{"text":"grain","start":3618.01,"end":3618.57},{"text":"and","start":3618.89,"end":3619.05},{"text":"fertilizer.","start":3619.05,"end":3619.93}]},{"text":"To endure, this architecture must remain technical, rules-based and anchored in close cooperation with regional littoral states and the International Maritime Organization.","start":3620.97,"end":3636.29,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. 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Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":3620.97,"end":3621.21},{"text":"endure,","start":3621.21,"end":3622.09},{"text":"this","start":3622.73,"end":3623.05},{"text":"architecture","start":3623.05,"end":3624.01},{"text":"must","start":3624.09,"end":3624.65},{"text":"remain","start":3624.65,"end":3625.21},{"text":"technical,","start":3625.37,"end":3626.25},{"text":"rules-based","start":3626.81,"end":3627.97},{"text":"and","start":3628.33,"end":3628.61},{"text":"anchored","start":3628.65,"end":3629.37},{"text":"in","start":3629.37,"end":3629.61},{"text":"close","start":3629.69,"end":3630.17},{"text":"cooperation","start":3630.17,"end":3630.97},{"text":"with","start":3630.97,"end":3631.17},{"text":"regional","start":3631.17,"end":3631.89},{"text":"littoral","start":3631.89,"end":3632.41},{"text":"states","start":3632.41,"end":3633.13},{"text":"and","start":3633.45,"end":3634.13},{"text":"the","start":3634.13,"end":3634.21},{"text":"International","start":3634.21,"end":3634.89},{"text":"Maritime","start":3634.89,"end":3635.45},{"text":"Organization.","start":3635.45,"end":3636.29}]},{"text":"Third, civilian seafarers must never be collateral damage.","start":3637.53,"end":3643.37,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":3637.53,"end":3638.01},{"text":"civilian","start":3639.05,"end":3639.69},{"text":"seafarers","start":3639.69,"end":3640.81},{"text":"must","start":3640.89,"end":3641.29},{"text":"never","start":3641.29,"end":3641.85},{"text":"be","start":3641.85,"end":3642.17},{"text":"collateral","start":3642.17,"end":3642.73},{"text":"damage.","start":3642.73,"end":3643.37}]},{"text":"Merchant mariners are noncombatants.","start":3644.41,"end":3647.29,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"Merchant","start":3644.41,"end":3644.97},{"text":"mariners","start":3644.97,"end":3645.77},{"text":"are","start":3645.85,"end":3646.01},{"text":"noncombatants.","start":3646.01,"end":3647.29}]},{"text":"They are the quiet backbone of international trade.","start":3648.01,"end":3651.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"They","start":3648.01,"end":3648.41},{"text":"are","start":3648.49,"end":3648.93},{"text":"the","start":3649.13,"end":3649.29},{"text":"quiet","start":3649.29,"end":3649.85},{"text":"backbone","start":3649.85,"end":3650.49},{"text":"of","start":3650.49,"end":3650.65},{"text":"international","start":3650.65,"end":3651.37},{"text":"trade.","start":3651.37,"end":3651.93}]},{"text":"It is unconscionable that those who feed and power our world face captive detention, physical peril, and targeted attacks.","start":3652.73,"end":3664.25,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":3652.73,"end":3652.89},{"text":"is","start":3652.89,"end":3653.13},{"text":"unconscionable","start":3653.13,"end":3654.25},{"text":"that","start":3654.81,"end":3654.97},{"text":"those","start":3654.97,"end":3655.45},{"text":"who","start":3655.45,"end":3655.69},{"text":"feed","start":3655.69,"end":3656.17},{"text":"and","start":3656.17,"end":3656.37},{"text":"power","start":3656.37,"end":3656.73},{"text":"our","start":3656.73,"end":3656.97},{"text":"world","start":3656.97,"end":3657.69},{"text":"face","start":3658.01,"end":3658.57},{"text":"captive","start":3658.65,"end":3659.29},{"text":"detention,","start":3659.29,"end":3660.09},{"text":"physical","start":3660.65,"end":3661.37},{"text":"peril,","start":3661.45,"end":3662.01},{"text":"and","start":3662.49,"end":3662.77},{"text":"targeted","start":3662.77,"end":3663.53},{"text":"attacks.","start":3663.57,"end":3664.25}]},{"text":"Liberia demands rapid rescue and repatriation protocols, unimpeded medical access, and zero impunity for assaults on commercial crews.","start":3664.89,"end":3678.05,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian 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unambiguous.","start":3680.09,"end":3685.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Excellencies,","start":3680.09,"end":3680.97},{"text":"Our","start":3682.21,"end":3682.45},{"text":"duty","start":3682.45,"end":3682.97},{"text":"in","start":3682.97,"end":3683.21},{"text":"this","start":3683.21,"end":3683.49},{"text":"council","start":3683.49,"end":3684.01},{"text":"is","start":3684.01,"end":3684.37},{"text":"unambiguous.","start":3684.37,"end":3685.49}]},{"text":"We must secure our oceans for the benefit of humanity, not militarize it for confrontation.","start":3686.37,"end":3695.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3686.37,"end":3686.53},{"text":"must","start":3686.53,"end":3687.09},{"text":"secure","start":3687.09,"end":3687.65},{"text":"our","start":3687.65,"end":3687.89},{"text":"oceans","start":3687.89,"end":3688.69},{"text":"for","start":3689.01,"end":3689.25},{"text":"the","start":3689.25,"end":3689.41},{"text":"benefit","start":3689.41,"end":3690.13},{"text":"of","start":3690.13,"end":3690.25},{"text":"humanity,","start":3690.25,"end":3691.17},{"text":"not","start":3691.65,"end":3692.05},{"text":"militarize","start":3692.05,"end":3693.09},{"text":"it","start":3693.09,"end":3693.41},{"text":"for","start":3693.97,"end":3694.33},{"text":"confrontation.","start":3694.33,"end":3695.33}]},{"text":"Firmly aligned with the African Union's maritime vision, Liberia stands ready to bridge divides and protect our common arteries.","start":3697.09,"end":3707.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Firmly","start":3697.09,"end":3697.69},{"text":"aligned","start":3697.69,"end":3698.21},{"text":"with","start":3698.21,"end":3698.45},{"text":"the","start":3698.49,"end":3698.57},{"text":"African","start":3698.57,"end":3699.09},{"text":"Union's","start":3699.09,"end":3699.57},{"text":"maritime","start":3699.57,"end":3700.21},{"text":"vision,","start":3700.21,"end":3700.93},{"text":"Liberia","start":3701.33,"end":3701.81},{"text":"stands","start":3701.81,"end":3702.29},{"text":"ready","start":3702.29,"end":3702.85},{"text":"to","start":3703.33,"end":3703.49},{"text":"bridge","start":3703.49,"end":3703.89},{"text":"divides","start":3703.97,"end":3704.77},{"text":"and","start":3705.17,"end":3705.45},{"text":"protect","start":3705.45,"end":3706.13},{"text":"our","start":3706.21,"end":3706.41},{"text":"common","start":3706.41,"end":3706.85},{"text":"arteries.","start":3706.93,"end":3707.73}]},{"text":"The seas belong to shared human progress.","start":3708.29,"end":3712.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3708.29,"end":3708.49},{"text":"seas","start":3708.49,"end":3709.17},{"text":"belong","start":3709.17,"end":3710.05},{"text":"to","start":3710.61,"end":3710.69},{"text":"shared","start":3710.69,"end":3711.57},{"text":"human","start":3711.57,"end":3712.05},{"text":"progress.","start":3712.05,"end":3712.93}]},{"text":"Let us defend them together and keep it that way.","start":3713.57,"end":3718.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Let","start":3713.57,"end":3713.85},{"text":"us","start":3713.85,"end":3713.97},{"text":"defend","start":3713.97,"end":3714.53},{"text":"them","start":3714.53,"end":3714.85},{"text":"together","start":3715.41,"end":3716.05},{"text":"and","start":3716.45,"end":3716.65},{"text":"keep","start":3716.65,"end":3717.09},{"text":"it","start":3717.17,"end":3717.57},{"text":"that","start":3718.05,"end":3718.45},{"text":"way.","start":3718.45,"end":3718.77}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":3719.49,"end":3723.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3719.49,"end":3719.57},{"text":"thank","start":3719.57,"end":3719.89},{"text":"you.","start":3723.41,"end":3723.57}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"LBR","affiliation_full":"Liberia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":15,"start":3724.05,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=1:02:05","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Liberia for his statement.","start":3724.05,"end":3727.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3724.05,"end":3724.09},{"text":"thank","start":3724.09,"end":3724.33},{"text":"the","start":3724.33,"end":3724.41},{"text":"distinguished","start":3724.41,"end":3724.93},{"text":"representative","start":3724.93,"end":3725.65},{"text":"of","start":3725.65,"end":3725.89},{"text":"Liberia","start":3725.89,"end":3726.69},{"text":"for","start":3726.69,"end":3726.97},{"text":"his","start":3726.97,"end":3727.09},{"text":"statement.","start":3727.09,"end":3727.61}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the United Kingdom.","start":3727.61,"end":3731.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":3727.61,"end":3727.65},{"text":"now","start":3727.65,"end":3727.89},{"text":"give","start":3727.89,"end":3728.13},{"text":"the","start":3728.13,"end":3728.25},{"text":"floor","start":3728.25,"end":3728.53},{"text":"to","start":3728.53,"end":3728.61},{"text":"the","start":3728.61,"end":3728.73},{"text":"distinguished","start":3728.73,"end":3729.21},{"text":"representative","start":3729.21,"end":3729.89},{"text":"of","start":3729.97,"end":3730.13},{"text":"the","start":3730.13,"end":3730.21},{"text":"United","start":3730.21,"end":3730.61},{"text":"Kingdom.","start":3730.61,"end":3731.09}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":3731.49,"end":3732.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":3731.49,"end":3731.57},{"text":"have","start":3731.57,"end":3731.73},{"text":"the","start":3731.73,"end":3731.81},{"text":"floor.","start":3731.81,"end":3732.01}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdulatif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":16,"start":3738.69,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=1:02:19","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Excellency. The United Kingdom thanks the Kingdom of Bahrain for her leadership in bringing this important matter to the Council.","start":3738.69,"end":3747.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3738.69,"end":3738.93},{"text":"you,","start":3738.93,"end":3739.33},{"text":"Excellency.","start":3739.57,"end":3740.53},{"text":"The","start":3741.13,"end":3741.25},{"text":"United","start":3741.25,"end":3741.61},{"text":"Kingdom","start":3741.61,"end":3742.17},{"text":"thanks","start":3742.17,"end":3742.65},{"text":"the","start":3742.65,"end":3742.73},{"text":"Kingdom","start":3742.73,"end":3743.13},{"text":"of","start":3743.13,"end":3743.29},{"text":"Bahrain","start":3743.29,"end":3743.93},{"text":"for","start":3743.93,"end":3744.09},{"text":"her","start":3744.09,"end":3744.25},{"text":"leadership","start":3744.25,"end":3744.89},{"text":"in","start":3744.89,"end":3745.01},{"text":"bringing","start":3745.01,"end":3745.41},{"text":"this","start":3745.41,"end":3745.61},{"text":"important","start":3745.61,"end":3746.01},{"text":"matter","start":3746.01,"end":3746.49},{"text":"to","start":3746.49,"end":3746.73},{"text":"the","start":3746.73,"end":3746.81},{"text":"Council.","start":3746.81,"end":3747.37}]},{"text":"We welcome the focus of this meeting on safeguarding freedom of navigation and strengthening the resilience of critical maritime routes.","start":3748.17,"end":3756.57,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":3748.17,"end":3748.33},{"text":"welcome","start":3748.37,"end":3748.81},{"text":"the","start":3748.81,"end":3748.97},{"text":"focus","start":3748.97,"end":3749.57},{"text":"of","start":3749.57,"end":3749.69},{"text":"this","start":3749.69,"end":3749.93},{"text":"meeting","start":3749.93,"end":3750.41},{"text":"on","start":3750.85,"end":3751.05},{"text":"safeguarding","start":3751.05,"end":3751.69},{"text":"freedom","start":3751.69,"end":3752.01},{"text":"of","start":3752.01,"end":3752.09},{"text":"navigation","start":3752.09,"end":3752.97},{"text":"and","start":3753.45,"end":3753.61},{"text":"strengthening","start":3753.61,"end":3754.29},{"text":"the","start":3754.29,"end":3754.41},{"text":"resilience","start":3754.41,"end":3755.05},{"text":"of","start":3755.05,"end":3755.13},{"text":"critical","start":3755.13,"end":3755.53},{"text":"maritime","start":3755.53,"end":3756.17},{"text":"routes.","start":3756.17,"end":3756.57}]},{"text":"Thank you to the briefers for their expert contributions.","start":3757.37,"end":3760.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":3757.37,"end":3757.57},{"text":"you","start":3757.57,"end":3757.65},{"text":"to","start":3757.65,"end":3757.73},{"text":"the","start":3757.73,"end":3757.85},{"text":"briefers","start":3757.85,"end":3758.25},{"text":"for","start":3758.89,"end":3759.05},{"text":"their","start":3759.05,"end":3759.29},{"text":"expert","start":3759.29,"end":3759.61},{"text":"contributions.","start":3759.61,"end":3760.41}]},{"text":"As a maritime nation, the United Kingdom has a long-standing commitment to maritime security.","start":3761.77,"end":3767.93,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":3761.77,"end":3761.97},{"text":"a","start":3761.97,"end":3762.01},{"text":"maritime","start":3762.01,"end":3762.65},{"text":"nation,","start":3762.65,"end":3763.29},{"text":"the","start":3763.53,"end":3763.65},{"text":"United","start":3763.69,"end":3764.13},{"text":"Kingdom","start":3764.13,"end":3764.57},{"text":"has","start":3764.57,"end":3764.81},{"text":"a","start":3764.81,"end":3764.89},{"text":"long-standing","start":3764.89,"end":3765.77},{"text":"commitment","start":3765.77,"end":3766.41},{"text":"to","start":3766.57,"end":3766.69},{"text":"maritime","start":3766.69,"end":3767.21},{"text":"security.","start":3767.21,"end":3767.93}]},{"text":"and to defending the rules-based international order at sea.","start":3768.45,"end":3772.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"and","start":3768.45,"end":3768.65},{"text":"to","start":3768.65,"end":3768.73},{"text":"defending","start":3768.73,"end":3769.41},{"text":"the","start":3769.41,"end":3769.53},{"text":"rules-based","start":3769.53,"end":3770.29},{"text":"international","start":3770.29,"end":3771.01},{"text":"order","start":3771.01,"end":3771.41},{"text":"at","start":3771.41,"end":3771.61},{"text":"sea.","start":3771.61,"end":3772.09}]},{"text":"We are resolute in upholding the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which sets the legal framework for all activities in the oceans and seas.","start":3773.25,"end":3782.29,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."},{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"Over","start":3783.65,"end":3783.89},{"text":"the","start":3783.89,"end":3783.97},{"text":"last","start":3783.97,"end":3784.33},{"text":"five","start":3784.33,"end":3784.69},{"text":"years,","start":3784.69,"end":3785.09},{"text":"the","start":3785.57,"end":3785.69},{"text":"world","start":3785.69,"end":3785.97},{"text":"has","start":3785.97,"end":3786.09},{"text":"experienced","start":3786.09,"end":3786.81},{"text":"major","start":3786.81,"end":3787.17},{"text":"maritime","start":3787.17,"end":3787.73},{"text":"disruptions","start":3787.73,"end":3788.61},{"text":"in","start":3788.85,"end":3789.05},{"text":"the","start":3789.05,"end":3789.17},{"text":"Black","start":3789.17,"end":3789.49},{"text":"Sea,","start":3789.49,"end":3789.81},{"text":"the","start":3790.29,"end":3790.37},{"text":"Red","start":3790.37,"end":3790.57},{"text":"Sea,","start":3790.57,"end":3791.09},{"text":"the","start":3791.33,"end":3791.41},{"text":"Strait","start":3791.41,"end":3791.73},{"text":"of","start":3791.73,"end":3791.81},{"text":"Hormuz,","start":3791.81,"end":3792.45},{"text":"and","start":3793.01,"end":3793.17},{"text":"this","start":3793.17,"end":3793.33},{"text":"trend","start":3793.33,"end":3793.73},{"text":"risks","start":3793.73,"end":3793.97},{"text":"continuing","start":3793.97,"end":3794.61},{"text":"if","start":3794.77,"end":3794.93},{"text":"we","start":3794.93,"end":3795.09},{"text":"don't","start":3795.09,"end":3795.41},{"text":"act","start":3795.41,"end":3795.57},{"text":"now","start":3795.57,"end":3796.05},{"text":"and","start":3796.29,"end":3796.53},{"text":"together.","start":3796.53,"end":3796.93}]},{"text":"The Houthis' decision to resume conflict in Yemen, their continued strikes in the region and on Saudi Arabia, and their reckless attacks in the Red Sea threaten freedom of navigation, transit passage, and undermine maritime security in the Bab al-Mandab.","start":3798.37,"end":3815.29,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Speakers warned that maritime rules and response tools must adapt to these evolving and hybrid forms of insecurity."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3798.37,"end":3798.49},{"text":"Houthis'","start":3798.49,"end":3798.85},{"text":"decision","start":3798.85,"end":3799.57},{"text":"to","start":3799.57,"end":3799.69},{"text":"resume","start":3799.69,"end":3800.13},{"text":"conflict","start":3800.13,"end":3800.61},{"text":"in","start":3800.61,"end":3800.77},{"text":"Yemen,","start":3800.77,"end":3801.17},{"text":"their","start":3801.73,"end":3801.97},{"text":"continued","start":3801.97,"end":3802.61},{"text":"strikes","start":3802.61,"end":3803.25},{"text":"in","start":3803.65,"end":3803.77},{"text":"the","start":3803.77,"end":3803.85},{"text":"region","start":3803.85,"end":3804.21},{"text":"and","start":3804.21,"end":3804.37},{"text":"on","start":3804.37,"end":3804.53},{"text":"Saudi","start":3804.53,"end":3804.89},{"text":"Arabia,","start":3804.89,"end":3805.41},{"text":"and","start":3805.97,"end":3806.17},{"text":"their","start":3806.17,"end":3806.37},{"text":"reckless","start":3806.37,"end":3806.77},{"text":"attacks","start":3806.77,"end":3807.25},{"text":"in","start":3807.25,"end":3807.33},{"text":"the","start":3807.33,"end":3807.45},{"text":"Red","start":3807.45,"end":3807.61},{"text":"Sea","start":3807.61,"end":3808.21},{"text":"threaten","start":3808.77,"end":3809.25},{"text":"freedom","start":3809.25,"end":3809.65},{"text":"of","start":3809.65,"end":3809.73},{"text":"navigation,","start":3809.73,"end":3810.53},{"text":"transit","start":3810.97,"end":3811.49},{"text":"passage,","start":3811.49,"end":3812.05},{"text":"and","start":3812.45,"end":3812.69},{"text":"undermine","start":3812.69,"end":3813.25},{"text":"maritime","start":3813.25,"end":3813.73},{"text":"security","start":3813.73,"end":3814.45},{"text":"in","start":3814.45,"end":3814.57},{"text":"the","start":3814.57,"end":3814.65},{"text":"Bab","start":3814.65,"end":3814.85},{"text":"al-Mandab.","start":3814.85,"end":3815.29}]},{"text":"Actions by Russia, Iran, and their proxies have significantly eroded international security, cost the lives of seafarers, burdened the global economy indiscriminately, often hitting the world's most vulnerable people.","start":3817.17,"end":3831.13,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."},{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."},{"key":"vulnerable-economies","label":"Vulnerable Economies and Small States","description":"A consistent concern was the disproportionate impact of maritime disruption on developing countries, small island states, landlocked countries, and import-dependent economies. Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"Actions","start":3817.17,"end":3817.65},{"text":"by","start":3817.65,"end":3817.81},{"text":"Russia,","start":3817.81,"end":3818.25},{"text":"Iran,","start":3818.25,"end":3818.57},{"text":"and","start":3818.57,"end":3818.81},{"text":"their","start":3818.81,"end":3818.93},{"text":"proxies","start":3818.93,"end":3819.57},{"text":"have","start":3819.81,"end":3820.05},{"text":"significantly","start":3820.05,"end":3821.05},{"text":"eroded","start":3821.05,"end":3821.57},{"text":"international","start":3821.57,"end":3822.21},{"text":"security,","start":3822.21,"end":3822.93},{"text":"cost","start":3823.25,"end":3823.65},{"text":"the","start":3823.65,"end":3823.73},{"text":"lives","start":3823.73,"end":3824.13},{"text":"of","start":3824.13,"end":3824.21},{"text":"seafarers,","start":3824.21,"end":3825.09},{"text":"burdened","start":3825.61,"end":3826.25},{"text":"the","start":3826.25,"end":3826.37},{"text":"global","start":3826.37,"end":3826.77},{"text":"economy","start":3826.77,"end":3827.21},{"text":"indiscriminately,","start":3827.21,"end":3828.33},{"text":"often","start":3828.65,"end":3829.05},{"text":"hitting","start":3829.05,"end":3829.37},{"text":"the","start":3829.37,"end":3829.49},{"text":"world's","start":3829.49,"end":3829.85},{"text":"most","start":3829.85,"end":3830.21},{"text":"vulnerable","start":3830.21,"end":3830.69},{"text":"people.","start":3830.69,"end":3831.13}]},{"text":"Wheat prices rose 25% between January and July this year.","start":3831.85,"end":3836.25,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"Wheat","start":3831.85,"end":3832.13},{"text":"prices","start":3832.13,"end":3832.57},{"text":"rose","start":3832.57,"end":3832.89},{"text":"25%","start":3833.21,"end":3833.25},{"text":"between","start":3833.29,"end":3834.49},{"text":"January","start":3834.49,"end":3835.01},{"text":"and","start":3835.01,"end":3835.21},{"text":"July","start":3835.21,"end":3835.61},{"text":"this","start":3835.61,"end":3836.01},{"text":"year.","start":3836.01,"end":3836.25}]},{"text":"Prolonged disruption across vital routes will only add further pressure to global food security and disrupt access at fertiliser and food.","start":3837.85,"end":3847.05,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"Prolonged","start":3837.85,"end":3838.37},{"text":"disruption","start":3838.37,"end":3838.97},{"text":"across","start":3838.97,"end":3839.29},{"text":"vital","start":3839.29,"end":3839.69},{"text":"routes","start":3839.69,"end":3840.09},{"text":"will","start":3840.09,"end":3840.33},{"text":"only","start":3840.33,"end":3840.73},{"text":"add","start":3840.73,"end":3840.89},{"text":"further","start":3840.89,"end":3841.33},{"text":"pressure","start":3841.33,"end":3841.77},{"text":"to","start":3841.93,"end":3842.09},{"text":"global","start":3842.09,"end":3842.49},{"text":"food","start":3842.49,"end":3842.77},{"text":"security","start":3842.77,"end":3843.45},{"text":"and","start":3843.69,"end":3843.89},{"text":"disrupt","start":3843.89,"end":3844.41},{"text":"access","start":3844.41,"end":3845.05},{"text":"at","start":3845.45,"end":3845.69},{"text":"fertiliser","start":3845.69,"end":3846.45},{"text":"and","start":3846.45,"end":3846.65},{"text":"food.","start":3846.65,"end":3847.05}]},{"text":"The impact on cost of living is immediate and it is global.","start":3848.09,"end":3851.93,"topics":[{"key":"vulnerable-economies","label":"Vulnerable Economies and Small States","description":"A consistent concern was the disproportionate impact of maritime disruption on developing countries, small island states, landlocked countries, and import-dependent economies. Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3848.09,"end":3848.21},{"text":"impact","start":3848.21,"end":3848.73},{"text":"on","start":3848.77,"end":3848.89},{"text":"cost","start":3848.89,"end":3849.17},{"text":"of","start":3849.17,"end":3849.29},{"text":"living","start":3849.29,"end":3849.69},{"text":"is","start":3849.69,"end":3849.93},{"text":"immediate","start":3849.93,"end":3850.57},{"text":"and","start":3850.81,"end":3851.01},{"text":"it","start":3851.01,"end":3851.13},{"text":"is","start":3851.13,"end":3851.29},{"text":"global.","start":3851.33,"end":3851.93}]},{"text":"Navigational rights and freedoms, including the right of transit passage through international straits, must be upheld and protected.","start":3853.37,"end":3860.57,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Navigational","start":3853.37,"end":3854.09},{"text":"rights","start":3854.09,"end":3854.45},{"text":"and","start":3854.45,"end":3854.57},{"text":"freedoms,","start":3854.57,"end":3855.21},{"text":"including","start":3855.21,"end":3855.85},{"text":"the","start":3855.85,"end":3855.93},{"text":"right","start":3855.93,"end":3856.17},{"text":"of","start":3856.17,"end":3856.25},{"text":"transit","start":3856.25,"end":3856.73},{"text":"passage","start":3856.73,"end":3857.25},{"text":"through","start":3857.25,"end":3857.45},{"text":"international","start":3857.45,"end":3858.09},{"text":"straits,","start":3858.09,"end":3858.57},{"text":"must","start":3858.73,"end":3859.13},{"text":"be","start":3859.13,"end":3859.29},{"text":"upheld","start":3859.29,"end":3859.81},{"text":"and","start":3859.81,"end":3859.93},{"text":"protected.","start":3859.93,"end":3860.57}]},{"text":"Commercial shipping and seafarers' lives must not be used as leverage.","start":3861.53,"end":3865.45,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"Commercial","start":3861.53,"end":3862.09},{"text":"shipping","start":3862.09,"end":3862.69},{"text":"and","start":3862.69,"end":3862.85},{"text":"seafarers'","start":3862.85,"end":3863.37},{"text":"lives","start":3863.37,"end":3863.77},{"text":"must","start":3863.77,"end":3864.05},{"text":"not","start":3864.05,"end":3864.33},{"text":"be","start":3864.33,"end":3864.49},{"text":"used","start":3864.49,"end":3864.77},{"text":"as","start":3864.77,"end":3864.89},{"text":"leverage.","start":3864.89,"end":3865.45}]},{"text":"Unlawful restrictions or tolls must not be imposed on international waterways.","start":3866.09,"end":3870.97,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Unlawful","start":3866.09,"end":3866.73},{"text":"restrictions","start":3866.73,"end":3867.45},{"text":"or","start":3867.45,"end":3867.53},{"text":"tolls","start":3867.53,"end":3868.01},{"text":"must","start":3868.09,"end":3868.33},{"text":"not","start":3868.33,"end":3868.57},{"text":"be","start":3868.57,"end":3868.69},{"text":"imposed","start":3868.69,"end":3869.29},{"text":"on","start":3869.57,"end":3869.69},{"text":"international","start":3869.69,"end":3870.33},{"text":"waterways.","start":3870.33,"end":3870.97}]},{"text":"The stability of the network of sea lanes covering the worldwide maritime domain is a global common good from which we all benefit.","start":3872.65,"end":3880.81,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3872.65,"end":3872.77},{"text":"stability","start":3872.77,"end":3873.41},{"text":"of","start":3873.41,"end":3873.53},{"text":"the","start":3873.53,"end":3873.65},{"text":"network","start":3873.65,"end":3874.09},{"text":"of","start":3874.09,"end":3874.17},{"text":"sea","start":3874.17,"end":3874.53},{"text":"lanes","start":3874.53,"end":3874.81},{"text":"covering","start":3874.81,"end":3875.21},{"text":"the","start":3875.21,"end":3875.37},{"text":"worldwide","start":3875.37,"end":3875.85},{"text":"maritime","start":3875.85,"end":3876.41},{"text":"domain","start":3876.41,"end":3877.05},{"text":"is","start":3877.37,"end":3877.53},{"text":"a","start":3877.53,"end":3877.61},{"text":"global","start":3877.61,"end":3878.17},{"text":"common","start":3878.17,"end":3878.57},{"text":"good","start":3878.57,"end":3878.89},{"text":"from","start":3879.05,"end":3879.29},{"text":"which","start":3879.29,"end":3879.53},{"text":"we","start":3879.53,"end":3879.77},{"text":"all","start":3879.77,"end":3880.09},{"text":"benefit.","start":3880.09,"end":3880.81}]},{"text":"Disruption in any part of this network can rapidly generate economic and security impacts well beyond the immediate region.","start":3881.89,"end":3889.97,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"Disruption","start":3881.89,"end":3882.69},{"text":"in","start":3882.69,"end":3882.81},{"text":"any","start":3882.81,"end":3883.01},{"text":"part","start":3883.01,"end":3883.41},{"text":"of","start":3883.41,"end":3883.53},{"text":"this","start":3883.53,"end":3883.73},{"text":"network","start":3883.73,"end":3884.29},{"text":"can","start":3884.53,"end":3884.77},{"text":"rapidly","start":3884.77,"end":3885.33},{"text":"generate","start":3885.33,"end":3885.73},{"text":"economic","start":3885.73,"end":3886.37},{"text":"and","start":3886.37,"end":3886.53},{"text":"security","start":3886.53,"end":3887.09},{"text":"impacts","start":3887.09,"end":3887.57},{"text":"well","start":3887.89,"end":3888.21},{"text":"beyond","start":3888.21,"end":3888.77},{"text":"the","start":3888.85,"end":3888.97},{"text":"immediate","start":3888.97,"end":3889.45},{"text":"region.","start":3889.45,"end":3889.97}]},{"text":"Maritime security is too often treated as a regional issue, when a concerted international effort will be needed to protect the whole of this vital and globally connected domain.","start":3891.49,"end":3902.45,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. 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Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":3903.25,"end":3903.41},{"text":"we","start":3903.41,"end":3903.57},{"text":"urge","start":3903.57,"end":3903.81},{"text":"all","start":3903.85,"end":3904.13},{"text":"states","start":3904.13,"end":3904.53},{"text":"to","start":3904.53,"end":3904.61},{"text":"speak","start":3904.61,"end":3904.93},{"text":"out","start":3904.93,"end":3905.17},{"text":"against","start":3905.17,"end":3905.57},{"text":"unlawful","start":3905.57,"end":3906.21},{"text":"maritime","start":3906.21,"end":3906.73},{"text":"disruption.","start":3906.73,"end":3907.49}]},{"text":"The security of our critical maritime routes is a shared responsibility.","start":3908.09,"end":3912.65,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3908.09,"end":3908.17},{"text":"security","start":3908.17,"end":3908.89},{"text":"of","start":3908.89,"end":3909.05},{"text":"our","start":3909.05,"end":3909.13},{"text":"critical","start":3909.13,"end":3909.61},{"text":"maritime","start":3909.61,"end":3910.33},{"text":"routes","start":3910.33,"end":3910.89},{"text":"is","start":3911.13,"end":3911.29},{"text":"a","start":3911.29,"end":3911.33},{"text":"shared","start":3911.33,"end":3911.69},{"text":"responsibility.","start":3911.69,"end":3912.65}]},{"text":"The United Kingdom remains committed to working with Bahrain, with the International Maritime Organization, and with partners across the international community to uphold international law, to defend freedom of navigation, to protect seafarers, and to strengthen the resilience of the maritime routes on which our world depends.","start":3914.01,"end":3933.77,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."},{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict 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ocean serves as a vital link connecting countries, while international shipping links are the arteries of the global economy.","start":3970.85,"end":3978.93,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":3970.85,"end":3971.09},{"text":"ocean","start":3971.09,"end":3971.57},{"text":"serves","start":3971.57,"end":3971.97},{"text":"as","start":3971.97,"end":3972.17},{"text":"a","start":3972.17,"end":3972.21},{"text":"vital","start":3972.21,"end":3972.89},{"text":"link","start":3972.89,"end":3973.13},{"text":"connecting","start":3973.13,"end":3973.65},{"text":"countries,","start":3973.65,"end":3974.37},{"text":"while","start":3974.41,"end":3974.77},{"text":"international","start":3974.77,"end":3975.49},{"text":"shipping","start":3975.49,"end":3975.97},{"text":"links","start":3975.97,"end":3976.45},{"text":"are","start":3976.45,"end":3976.85},{"text":"the","start":3976.85,"end":3977.09},{"text":"arteries","start":3977.09,"end":3977.73},{"text":"of","start":3977.73,"end":3977.93},{"text":"the","start":3977.93,"end":3978.01},{"text":"global","start":3978.01,"end":3978.33},{"text":"economy.","start":3978.33,"end":3978.93}]},{"text":"Recently, navigation through the Strait of Hormuz has been disrupted, while risks to maritime security in the Bab el-Mandab Strait and the Red Sea have increased.","start":3979.41,"end":3989.57,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":3990.17,"end":3990.57},{"text":"developments","start":3990.57,"end":3991.21},{"text":"have","start":3991.29,"end":3991.61},{"text":"affected","start":3991.61,"end":3992.41},{"text":"global","start":3992.41,"end":3992.81},{"text":"energy","start":3992.81,"end":3993.29},{"text":"and","start":3993.29,"end":3993.49},{"text":"food","start":3993.49,"end":3993.93},{"text":"security","start":3993.93,"end":3994.57},{"text":"as","start":3994.57,"end":3994.73},{"text":"well","start":3994.73,"end":3994.93},{"text":"as","start":3994.93,"end":3995.05},{"text":"the","start":3995.05,"end":3995.17},{"text":"stability","start":3995.17,"end":3995.77},{"text":"of","start":3995.77,"end":3995.93},{"text":"industrial","start":3995.93,"end":3996.65},{"text":"and","start":3996.65,"end":3996.77},{"text":"supply","start":3996.77,"end":3997.13},{"text":"chains,","start":3997.13,"end":3997.57},{"text":"with","start":3997.57,"end":3997.73},{"text":"particularly","start":3997.73,"end":3998.41},{"text":"pronounced","start":3998.41,"end":3998.93},{"text":"impacts","start":3998.93,"end":3999.45},{"text":"on","start":3999.45,"end":3999.65},{"text":"the","start":3999.65,"end":3999.77},{"text":"Global","start":3999.77,"end":4000.09},{"text":"South.","start":4000.09,"end":4000.53}]},{"text":"All parties should uphold the spirit of cooperation and properly address the risks and challenges.","start":4001.37,"end":4006.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"All","start":4001.37,"end":4001.53},{"text":"parties","start":4001.53,"end":4002.09},{"text":"should","start":4002.17,"end":4002.41},{"text":"uphold","start":4002.41,"end":4002.73},{"text":"the","start":4002.73,"end":4002.81},{"text":"spirit","start":4002.81,"end":4003.17},{"text":"of","start":4003.17,"end":4003.29},{"text":"cooperation","start":4003.29,"end":4004.01},{"text":"and","start":4004.01,"end":4004.13},{"text":"properly","start":4004.13,"end":4004.69},{"text":"address","start":4004.69,"end":4005.13},{"text":"the","start":4005.13,"end":4005.21},{"text":"risks","start":4005.21,"end":4005.61},{"text":"and","start":4005.61,"end":4005.81},{"text":"challenges.","start":4005.81,"end":4006.41}]},{"text":"I would like to make four points.","start":4006.41,"end":4007.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4006.41,"end":4006.45},{"text":"would","start":4006.45,"end":4006.57},{"text":"like","start":4006.57,"end":4006.69},{"text":"to","start":4006.69,"end":4006.77},{"text":"make","start":4006.77,"end":4006.97},{"text":"four","start":4006.97,"end":4007.21},{"text":"points.","start":4007.21,"end":4007.69}]},{"text":"First, work towards an immediate ceasefire and an end to the hostilities.","start":4008.37,"end":4013.17,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. 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The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"Fundamentally,","start":4013.17,"end":4013.97},{"text":"disruptions","start":4014.33,"end":4014.93},{"text":"to","start":4014.93,"end":4015.09},{"text":"international","start":4015.09,"end":4015.65},{"text":"shipping","start":4015.65,"end":4015.89},{"text":"links","start":4015.89,"end":4016.29},{"text":"are","start":4016.29,"end":4016.45},{"text":"the","start":4016.45,"end":4016.53},{"text":"spillover","start":4016.53,"end":4017.09},{"text":"effects","start":4017.09,"end":4017.57},{"text":"of","start":4017.57,"end":4017.69},{"text":"the","start":4017.69,"end":4017.77},{"text":"conflict.","start":4017.77,"end":4018.45}]},{"text":"Unless the fighting on land is brought to an end, it will be difficult to fully restore security at sea.","start":4018.77,"end":4024.21,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. 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Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4033.37,"end":4033.57},{"text":"encourage","start":4033.57,"end":4034.17},{"text":"the","start":4034.25,"end":4034.53},{"text":"US","start":4034.53,"end":4034.81},{"text":"and","start":4034.81,"end":4035.09},{"text":"Iran","start":4035.09,"end":4035.61},{"text":"to","start":4035.61,"end":4035.93},{"text":"maintain","start":4036.25,"end":4037.13},{"text":"rational","start":4037.29,"end":4038.01},{"text":"and","start":4038.01,"end":4038.29},{"text":"exercise","start":4038.29,"end":4038.81},{"text":"restraint,","start":4038.81,"end":4039.45},{"text":"return","start":4039.93,"end":4040.41},{"text":"to","start":4040.41,"end":4040.49},{"text":"the","start":4040.49,"end":4040.57},{"text":"Islamabad","start":4040.57,"end":4041.17},{"text":"Memorandum","start":4041.17,"end":4041.65},{"text":"of","start":4041.65,"end":4041.77},{"text":"Understanding","start":4041.77,"end":4042.29},{"text":"as","start":4042.29,"end":4042.37},{"text":"soon","start":4042.37,"end":4042.53},{"text":"as","start":4042.53,"end":4042.65},{"text":"possible,","start":4042.65,"end":4043.21},{"text":"and","start":4043.21,"end":4043.45},{"text":"on","start":4043.45,"end":4043.61},{"text":"the","start":4043.61,"end":4043.69},{"text":"basis","start":4043.69,"end":4044.09},{"text":"of","start":4044.09,"end":4044.17},{"text":"consensus","start":4044.17,"end":4044.81},{"text":"reached","start":4044.81,"end":4045.09},{"text":"thus","start":4045.09,"end":4045.29},{"text":"far,","start":4045.29,"end":4045.73},{"text":"reconstruct","start":4045.73,"end":4046.29},{"text":"the","start":4046.29,"end":4046.37},{"text":"negotiation","start":4046.37,"end":4046.93},{"text":"mechanisms","start":4046.93,"end":4047.53},{"text":"and","start":4047.53,"end":4047.73},{"text":"engage","start":4047.73,"end":4048.17},{"text":"in","start":4048.17,"end":4048.33},{"text":"substantive","start":4048.33,"end":4048.93},{"text":"consultations","start":4048.93,"end":4049.69},{"text":"on","start":4049.69,"end":4049.85},{"text":"issues","start":4049.85,"end":4050.29},{"text":"of","start":4050.29,"end":4050.41},{"text":"concerns","start":4050.41,"end":4050.89},{"text":"to","start":4050.89,"end":4051.09},{"text":"both","start":4051.09,"end":4051.25},{"text":"sides.","start":4051.25,"end":4051.77}]},{"text":"China does not wish to see regional tensions further spill over into Yemen and the Red Sea, and calls on all parties to stop further complicating the situation.","start":4052.17,"end":4061.05,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"China","start":4052.17,"end":4052.49},{"text":"does","start":4052.49,"end":4052.73},{"text":"not","start":4052.73,"end":4052.85},{"text":"wish","start":4052.85,"end":4053.05},{"text":"to","start":4053.05,"end":4053.17},{"text":"see","start":4053.17,"end":4053.61},{"text":"regional","start":4053.61,"end":4054.33},{"text":"tensions","start":4054.49,"end":4054.97},{"text":"further","start":4054.97,"end":4055.29},{"text":"spill","start":4055.29,"end":4055.53},{"text":"over","start":4055.53,"end":4055.85},{"text":"into","start":4055.85,"end":4056.17},{"text":"Yemen","start":4056.17,"end":4056.65},{"text":"and","start":4056.65,"end":4056.77},{"text":"the","start":4056.77,"end":4056.85},{"text":"Red","start":4056.85,"end":4056.97},{"text":"Sea,","start":4056.97,"end":4057.37},{"text":"and","start":4057.57,"end":4057.69},{"text":"calls","start":4057.69,"end":4058.01},{"text":"on","start":4058.01,"end":4058.17},{"text":"all","start":4058.17,"end":4058.33},{"text":"parties","start":4058.33,"end":4058.81},{"text":"to","start":4058.81,"end":4058.93},{"text":"stop","start":4058.93,"end":4059.29},{"text":"further","start":4059.29,"end":4059.57},{"text":"complicating","start":4059.57,"end":4060.17},{"text":"the","start":4060.17,"end":4060.29},{"text":"situation.","start":4060.29,"end":4061.05}]},{"text":"and to resolve issues through dialogue and consultations.","start":4061.45,"end":4064.65,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":4061.45,"end":4061.65},{"text":"to","start":4061.65,"end":4061.73},{"text":"resolve","start":4061.73,"end":4062.25},{"text":"issues","start":4062.25,"end":4062.89},{"text":"through","start":4062.89,"end":4063.17},{"text":"dialogue","start":4063.17,"end":4063.61},{"text":"and","start":4063.61,"end":4063.77},{"text":"consultations.","start":4063.77,"end":4064.65}]},{"text":"Second, uphold the basic principles of international law.","start":4065.45,"end":4069.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":4065.45,"end":4066.01},{"text":"uphold","start":4066.89,"end":4067.37},{"text":"the","start":4067.37,"end":4067.49},{"text":"basic","start":4067.49,"end":4067.89},{"text":"principles","start":4067.89,"end":4068.49},{"text":"of","start":4068.49,"end":4068.65},{"text":"international","start":4068.65,"end":4069.49},{"text":"law.","start":4069.49,"end":4069.57}]},{"text":"The UN Charter and international law must remain the fundamental norms governing the handling of Middle East affairs.","start":4070.17,"end":4076.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4070.17,"end":4070.33},{"text":"UN","start":4070.33,"end":4070.65},{"text":"Charter","start":4070.65,"end":4071.13},{"text":"and","start":4071.13,"end":4071.33},{"text":"international","start":4071.33,"end":4072.01},{"text":"law","start":4072.01,"end":4072.09},{"text":"must","start":4072.09,"end":4072.73},{"text":"remain","start":4072.89,"end":4073.45},{"text":"the","start":4073.45,"end":4073.53},{"text":"fundamental","start":4073.53,"end":4074.09},{"text":"norms","start":4074.13,"end":4074.45},{"text":"governing","start":4074.45,"end":4074.81},{"text":"the","start":4074.81,"end":4074.89},{"text":"handling","start":4074.89,"end":4075.37},{"text":"of","start":4075.37,"end":4075.53},{"text":"Middle","start":4075.53,"end":4075.77},{"text":"East","start":4075.77,"end":4076.09},{"text":"affairs.","start":4076.09,"end":4076.73}]},{"text":"The international community, in particular major powers from outside the region, should reject double standards, respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of countries in the region, and refrain from readily resorting to the use of force or unilateral sanctions.","start":4076.89,"end":4090.17,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4076.89,"end":4077.09},{"text":"international","start":4077.13,"end":4077.69},{"text":"community,","start":4077.69,"end":4078.17},{"text":"in","start":4078.17,"end":4078.25},{"text":"particular","start":4078.25,"end":4078.85},{"text":"major","start":4078.85,"end":4079.21},{"text":"powers","start":4079.21,"end":4079.69},{"text":"from","start":4079.69,"end":4079.93},{"text":"outside","start":4079.93,"end":4080.29},{"text":"the","start":4080.29,"end":4080.37},{"text":"region,","start":4080.37,"end":4080.81},{"text":"should","start":4080.81,"end":4081.05},{"text":"reject","start":4081.05,"end":4081.65},{"text":"double","start":4081.65,"end":4081.93},{"text":"standards,","start":4081.93,"end":4082.41},{"text":"respect","start":4082.41,"end":4082.89},{"text":"the","start":4082.89,"end":4082.97},{"text":"sovereignty","start":4082.97,"end":4083.45},{"text":"and","start":4083.45,"end":4083.57},{"text":"territorial","start":4083.57,"end":4084.01},{"text":"integrity","start":4084.01,"end":4084.49},{"text":"of","start":4084.49,"end":4084.57},{"text":"countries","start":4084.57,"end":4084.97},{"text":"in","start":4084.97,"end":4085.05},{"text":"the","start":4085.05,"end":4085.13},{"text":"region,","start":4085.13,"end":4085.53},{"text":"and","start":4085.93,"end":4086.09},{"text":"refrain","start":4086.09,"end":4086.65},{"text":"from","start":4086.65,"end":4086.89},{"text":"readily","start":4086.89,"end":4087.37},{"text":"resorting","start":4087.37,"end":4087.93},{"text":"to","start":4087.93,"end":4088.01},{"text":"the","start":4088.01,"end":4088.09},{"text":"use","start":4088.09,"end":4088.37},{"text":"of","start":4088.37,"end":4088.45},{"text":"force","start":4088.45,"end":4088.89},{"text":"or","start":4088.89,"end":4089.05},{"text":"unilateral","start":4089.05,"end":4089.61},{"text":"sanctions.","start":4089.61,"end":4090.17}]},{"text":"Humanitarian issues must not be politicized.","start":4090.61,"end":4093.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Humanitarian","start":4090.61,"end":4091.33},{"text":"issues","start":4091.33,"end":4091.73},{"text":"must","start":4091.77,"end":4091.97},{"text":"not","start":4091.97,"end":4092.09},{"text":"be","start":4092.09,"end":4092.21},{"text":"politicized.","start":4092.21,"end":4093.01}]},{"text":"All parties to the conflicts are obligated to strictly abide by international humanitarian law, ensure safe and unimpeded access for humanitarian assistance, and avoid attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure.","start":4094.05,"end":4105.57,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."},{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":4094.05,"end":4094.21},{"text":"parties","start":4094.21,"end":4094.61},{"text":"to","start":4094.61,"end":4094.73},{"text":"the","start":4094.73,"end":4094.81},{"text":"conflicts","start":4094.81,"end":4095.33},{"text":"are","start":4095.33,"end":4095.49},{"text":"obligated","start":4095.49,"end":4096.01},{"text":"to","start":4096.01,"end":4096.17},{"text":"strictly","start":4096.17,"end":4096.69},{"text":"abide","start":4096.69,"end":4096.89},{"text":"by","start":4096.89,"end":4097.05},{"text":"international","start":4097.05,"end":4097.57},{"text":"humanitarian","start":4097.57,"end":4098.21},{"text":"law,","start":4098.21,"end":4098.49},{"text":"ensure","start":4098.49,"end":4098.93},{"text":"safe","start":4098.93,"end":4099.29},{"text":"and","start":4099.29,"end":4099.41},{"text":"unimpeded","start":4099.41,"end":4099.97},{"text":"access","start":4099.97,"end":4100.37},{"text":"for","start":4100.37,"end":4100.49},{"text":"humanitarian","start":4100.49,"end":4101.09},{"text":"assistance,","start":4101.09,"end":4101.73},{"text":"and","start":4102.21,"end":4102.41},{"text":"avoid","start":4102.41,"end":4102.77},{"text":"attacks","start":4102.77,"end":4103.33},{"text":"on","start":4103.33,"end":4103.57},{"text":"civilians","start":4103.57,"end":4104.21},{"text":"and","start":4104.21,"end":4104.37},{"text":"civilian","start":4104.37,"end":4104.77},{"text":"infrastructure.","start":4104.77,"end":4105.57}]},{"text":"Third, help alleviate the difficulties facing countries of the Global South.","start":4105.89,"end":4111.05,"topics":[{"key":"vulnerable-economies","label":"Vulnerable Economies and Small States","description":"A consistent concern was the disproportionate impact of maritime disruption on developing countries, small island states, landlocked countries, and import-dependent economies. Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":4105.89,"end":4106.37},{"text":"help","start":4107.17,"end":4107.49},{"text":"alleviate","start":4107.49,"end":4108.29},{"text":"the","start":4108.29,"end":4108.37},{"text":"difficulties","start":4108.37,"end":4109.09},{"text":"facing","start":4109.09,"end":4109.65},{"text":"countries","start":4109.73,"end":4110.21},{"text":"of","start":4110.21,"end":4110.29},{"text":"the","start":4110.29,"end":4110.41},{"text":"Global","start":4110.41,"end":4110.69},{"text":"South.","start":4110.69,"end":4111.05}]},{"text":"The rights of commercial vessels of all countries to navigate in accordance with international law should be respected by all parties.","start":4111.41,"end":4117.57,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":4111.41,"end":4111.53},{"text":"rights","start":4111.53,"end":4111.89},{"text":"of","start":4111.89,"end":4112.05},{"text":"commercial","start":4112.05,"end":4112.53},{"text":"vessels","start":4112.53,"end":4112.97},{"text":"of","start":4112.97,"end":4113.09},{"text":"all","start":4113.09,"end":4113.17},{"text":"countries","start":4113.17,"end":4113.65},{"text":"to","start":4113.65,"end":4113.73},{"text":"navigate","start":4113.73,"end":4114.21},{"text":"in","start":4114.21,"end":4114.33},{"text":"accordance","start":4114.33,"end":4114.85},{"text":"with","start":4114.85,"end":4114.97},{"text":"international","start":4115.01,"end":4115.73},{"text":"law","start":4115.73,"end":4115.81},{"text":"should","start":4115.81,"end":4115.97},{"text":"be","start":4115.97,"end":4116.09},{"text":"respected","start":4116.09,"end":4116.65},{"text":"by","start":4116.65,"end":4116.85},{"text":"all","start":4116.85,"end":4117.01},{"text":"parties.","start":4117.01,"end":4117.57}]},{"text":"China urges all parties to take effective measures to reopen the Strait of Hormuz at an early date and safeguard the safety and unimpeded flow of international shipping links.","start":4117.93,"end":4128.57,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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thank all the briefers for their important contributions today.","start":4269.05,"end":4273.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4269.05,"end":4269.21},{"text":"also","start":4269.21,"end":4269.53},{"text":"would","start":4269.53,"end":4269.65},{"text":"like","start":4269.65,"end":4269.85},{"text":"to","start":4269.85,"end":4269.93},{"text":"thank","start":4269.93,"end":4270.21},{"text":"all","start":4270.21,"end":4270.41},{"text":"the","start":4270.41,"end":4270.49},{"text":"briefers","start":4270.49,"end":4270.97},{"text":"for","start":4271.69,"end":4271.85},{"text":"their","start":4271.85,"end":4272.05},{"text":"important","start":4272.09,"end":4272.57},{"text":"contributions","start":4272.57,"end":4273.29},{"text":"today.","start":4273.29,"end":4273.69}]},{"text":"Chair, as a top 10 global shipping nation, Denmark is acutely aware of the importance of maritime security.","start":4274.85,"end":4281.97,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain 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Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4376.97,"end":4377.21},{"text":"unequivocally","start":4377.21,"end":4378.01},{"text":"condemn","start":4378.01,"end":4378.65},{"text":"the","start":4378.73,"end":4378.85},{"text":"illegal","start":4378.85,"end":4379.33},{"text":"obstruction","start":4379.33,"end":4380.09},{"text":"of","start":4380.09,"end":4380.25},{"text":"key","start":4380.25,"end":4380.65},{"text":"international","start":4380.89,"end":4381.57},{"text":"straits.","start":4381.57,"end":4382.09}]},{"text":"We also recall the thousands of seafarers trapped on vessels or in ports in the Gulf.","start":4383.53,"end":4388.33,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. 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Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4393.69,"end":4393.85},{"text":"demand","start":4393.85,"end":4394.49},{"text":"that","start":4394.65,"end":4394.81},{"text":"they","start":4394.81,"end":4394.97},{"text":"be","start":4394.97,"end":4395.29},{"text":"allowed","start":4395.29,"end":4395.65},{"text":"to","start":4395.65,"end":4395.77},{"text":"return","start":4395.77,"end":4396.25},{"text":"to","start":4396.25,"end":4396.41},{"text":"their","start":4396.41,"end":4396.57},{"text":"loved","start":4396.57,"end":4396.85},{"text":"ones","start":4396.85,"end":4397.21},{"text":"in","start":4397.21,"end":4397.37},{"text":"safety.","start":4397.37,"end":4397.93}]},{"text":"Iran's de facto closure of the Strait of Hormuz is unacceptable and it's unlawful.","start":4398.65,"end":4403.37,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Iran's","start":4398.65,"end":4399.13},{"text":"de","start":4399.13,"end":4399.21},{"text":"facto","start":4399.21,"end":4399.61},{"text":"closure","start":4399.61,"end":4399.97},{"text":"of","start":4399.97,"end":4400.09},{"text":"the","start":4400.09,"end":4400.17},{"text":"Strait","start":4400.17,"end":4400.49},{"text":"of","start":4400.49,"end":4400.57},{"text":"Hormuz","start":4400.57,"end":4401.05},{"text":"is","start":4401.13,"end":4401.37},{"text":"unacceptable","start":4401.37,"end":4402.25},{"text":"and","start":4402.33,"end":4402.49},{"text":"it's","start":4402.49,"end":4402.73},{"text":"unlawful.","start":4402.73,"end":4403.37}]},{"text":"Denmark is ready to participate in the UK-French-led, independent and strictly defensive multinational military mission in support of freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz, once conditions allow.","start":4404.73,"end":4415.93,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"UNCLOS","start":4432.13,"end":4433.01},{"text":"and","start":4433.01,"end":4433.13},{"text":"the","start":4433.13,"end":4433.21},{"text":"freedom","start":4433.21,"end":4433.45},{"text":"of","start":4433.45,"end":4433.53},{"text":"navigation","start":4433.53,"end":4434.17},{"text":"must","start":4434.17,"end":4434.41},{"text":"be","start":4434.41,"end":4434.53},{"text":"upheld.","start":4434.53,"end":4435.13}]},{"text":"Denmark will continue to work with partners to keep maritime routes open, to safeguard the flow of food and energy, and ensure no country can use critical waterways as instruments of coercion.","start":4435.77,"end":4447.61,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"Denmark","start":4435.77,"end":4436.17},{"text":"will","start":4436.17,"end":4436.29},{"text":"continue","start":4436.29,"end":4436.81},{"text":"to","start":4436.81,"end":4436.97},{"text":"work","start":4436.97,"end":4437.13},{"text":"with","start":4437.13,"end":4437.29},{"text":"partners","start":4437.29,"end":4437.93},{"text":"to","start":4438.09,"end":4438.25},{"text":"keep","start":4438.25,"end":4438.57},{"text":"maritime","start":4438.57,"end":4439.13},{"text":"routes","start":4439.13,"end":4439.45},{"text":"open,","start":4439.45,"end":4439.93},{"text":"to","start":4440.41,"end":4440.53},{"text":"safeguard","start":4440.53,"end":4441.17},{"text":"the","start":4441.17,"end":4441.25},{"text":"flow","start":4441.29,"end":4441.57},{"text":"of","start":4441.57,"end":4441.65},{"text":"food","start":4441.65,"end":4441.89},{"text":"and","start":4441.89,"end":4442.05},{"text":"energy,","start":4442.05,"end":4442.49},{"text":"and","start":4442.73,"end":4442.93},{"text":"ensure","start":4442.93,"end":4443.37},{"text":"no","start":4443.37,"end":4443.61},{"text":"country","start":4443.61,"end":4444.17},{"text":"can","start":4444.17,"end":4444.33},{"text":"use","start":4444.33,"end":4444.65},{"text":"critical","start":4444.65,"end":4445.13},{"text":"waterways","start":4445.13,"end":4445.77},{"text":"as","start":4445.93,"end":4446.25},{"text":"instruments","start":4446.25,"end":4446.89},{"text":"of","start":4446.89,"end":4447.05},{"text":"coercion.","start":4447.05,"end":4447.61}]},{"text":"We believe the Security Council has a vital role to play in this.","start":4448.49,"end":4451.85,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4448.49,"end":4448.65},{"text":"believe","start":4448.65,"end":4448.97},{"text":"the","start":4448.97,"end":4449.09},{"text":"Security","start":4449.09,"end":4449.61},{"text":"Council","start":4449.61,"end":4450.01},{"text":"has","start":4450.01,"end":4450.25},{"text":"a","start":4450.25,"end":4450.29},{"text":"vital","start":4450.29,"end":4450.73},{"text":"role","start":4450.73,"end":4451.05},{"text":"to","start":4451.05,"end":4451.17},{"text":"play","start":4451.17,"end":4451.37},{"text":"in","start":4451.37,"end":4451.53},{"text":"this.","start":4451.53,"end":4451.85}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":4452.09,"end":4452.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4452.09,"end":4452.13},{"text":"thank","start":4452.13,"end":4452.41},{"text":"you.","start":4452.41,"end":4452.57}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"DNK","affiliation_full":"Denmark","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":21,"start":4454.89,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=1:14:15","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished.","start":4454.89,"end":4455.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4454.89,"end":4454.93},{"text":"thank","start":4454.93,"end":4455.17},{"text":"the","start":4455.17,"end":4455.25},{"text":"distinguished.","start":4455.25,"end":4455.93}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Representative of Denmark for her statements.","start":4455.93,"end":4459.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Representative","start":4455.93,"end":4457.05},{"text":"of","start":4457.05,"end":4457.25},{"text":"Denmark","start":4457.25,"end":4457.93},{"text":"for","start":4458.09,"end":4458.25},{"text":"her","start":4458.25,"end":4458.41},{"text":"statements.","start":4458.41,"end":4459.05}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Pakistan.","start":4459.13,"end":4462.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4459.13,"end":4459.21},{"text":"now","start":4459.21,"end":4459.45},{"text":"give","start":4459.45,"end":4459.77},{"text":"the","start":4459.77,"end":4459.97},{"text":"floor","start":4460.17,"end":4460.53},{"text":"to","start":4460.53,"end":4460.61},{"text":"the","start":4460.61,"end":4460.69},{"text":"distinguished","start":4460.69,"end":4461.13},{"text":"representative","start":4461.13,"end":4461.69},{"text":"of","start":4461.69,"end":4461.77},{"text":"Pakistan.","start":4461.77,"end":4462.29}]},{"text":"You have the floor, sir.","start":4462.29,"end":4462.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":4462.29,"end":4462.37},{"text":"have","start":4462.37,"end":4462.49},{"text":"the","start":4462.49,"end":4462.57},{"text":"floor,","start":4462.57,"end":4462.77},{"text":"sir.","start":4462.77,"end":4462.97}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdulatif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":22,"start":4467.09,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=1:14:28","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Excellency, Foreign Minister, we are pleased to see you preside over this important meeting organized by the Kingdom of Bahrain.","start":4467.09,"end":4475.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Excellency,","start":4467.09,"end":4467.77},{"text":"Foreign","start":4467.77,"end":4468.05},{"text":"Minister,","start":4468.09,"end":4468.73},{"text":"we","start":4469.21,"end":4469.37},{"text":"are","start":4469.49,"end":4469.69},{"text":"pleased","start":4469.85,"end":4470.21},{"text":"to","start":4470.21,"end":4470.33},{"text":"see","start":4470.33,"end":4470.69},{"text":"you","start":4470.69,"end":4470.81},{"text":"preside","start":4470.81,"end":4471.61},{"text":"over","start":4471.77,"end":4472.33},{"text":"this","start":4472.73,"end":4473.13},{"text":"important","start":4473.13,"end":4473.69},{"text":"meeting","start":4473.69,"end":4474.17},{"text":"organized","start":4474.17,"end":4474.69},{"text":"by","start":4474.69,"end":4474.89},{"text":"the","start":4474.89,"end":4474.97},{"text":"Kingdom","start":4474.97,"end":4475.37},{"text":"of","start":4475.37,"end":4475.45},{"text":"Bahrain.","start":4475.45,"end":4475.89}]},{"text":"And I would like to join colleagues in thanking our briefers for sharing their valuable insights.","start":4475.89,"end":4483.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4475.89,"end":4476.05},{"text":"I","start":4476.81,"end":4476.89},{"text":"would","start":4476.89,"end":4477.05},{"text":"like","start":4477.05,"end":4477.29},{"text":"to","start":4477.29,"end":4477.37},{"text":"join","start":4477.37,"end":4477.69},{"text":"colleagues","start":4477.69,"end":4478.13},{"text":"in","start":4478.13,"end":4478.41},{"text":"thanking","start":4478.41,"end":4478.89},{"text":"our","start":4478.89,"end":4478.97},{"text":"briefers","start":4478.97,"end":4479.53},{"text":"for","start":4480.25,"end":4480.89},{"text":"sharing","start":4481.05,"end":4481.53},{"text":"their","start":4481.53,"end":4481.73},{"text":"valuable","start":4481.73,"end":4482.25},{"text":"insights.","start":4482.25,"end":4483.05}]},{"text":"President, the concept of maritime security has evolved over time and one of the major achievements of post-World War II order is open, safe and free maritime space, which ushered in a rapid development of global economy, trade and investment.","start":4484.85,"end":4504.25,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Speakers warned that maritime rules and response tools must adapt to these evolving and hybrid forms of insecurity."},{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."},{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Pakistan","start":4617.37,"end":4617.85},{"text":"strongly","start":4617.85,"end":4618.33},{"text":"condemns","start":4618.33,"end":4618.97},{"text":"the","start":4618.97,"end":4619.17},{"text":"nefarious","start":4619.17,"end":4619.77},{"text":"designs","start":4619.77,"end":4620.25},{"text":"of","start":4620.25,"end":4620.49},{"text":"Houthi","start":4620.49,"end":4620.89},{"text":"militia","start":4620.89,"end":4621.53},{"text":"to","start":4621.53,"end":4621.69},{"text":"weaponize","start":4621.69,"end":4622.57},{"text":"Bab","start":4623.17,"end":4623.33},{"text":"al-Mandab","start":4623.33,"end":4624.29},{"text":"by","start":4625.57,"end":4625.89},{"text":"launching","start":4625.89,"end":4626.65},{"text":"attacks","start":4626.65,"end":4627.41},{"text":"on","start":4627.41,"end":4627.73},{"text":"merchant","start":4627.73,"end":4628.21},{"text":"shipping","start":4628.21,"end":4628.77},{"text":"and","start":4628.77,"end":4629.09},{"text":"innocent","start":4629.09,"end":4629.73},{"text":"seafarers","start":4629.81,"end":4630.77},{"text":"navigating","start":4630.77,"end":4631.49},{"text":"the","start":4631.49,"end":4631.57},{"text":"Strait.","start":4631.57,"end":4632.05}]},{"text":"These attacks seriously undermine maritime security and threaten peace and development of regional countries, especially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which is facing blatant and unprovoked aggression by the Houthis.","start":4632.61,"end":4646.85,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":4632.61,"end":4632.93},{"text":"attacks","start":4632.93,"end":4633.49},{"text":"seriously","start":4633.57,"end":4634.21},{"text":"undermine","start":4634.21,"end":4634.85},{"text":"maritime","start":4634.85,"end":4635.41},{"text":"security","start":4635.41,"end":4635.97},{"text":"and","start":4636.21,"end":4636.49},{"text":"threaten","start":4636.49,"end":4637.01},{"text":"peace","start":4637.01,"end":4637.33},{"text":"and","start":4637.33,"end":4637.45},{"text":"development","start":4637.45,"end":4638.05},{"text":"of","start":4638.05,"end":4638.21},{"text":"regional","start":4638.21,"end":4638.61},{"text":"countries,","start":4638.61,"end":4639.25},{"text":"especially","start":4639.69,"end":4640.45},{"text":"the","start":4640.53,"end":4640.65},{"text":"Kingdom","start":4640.65,"end":4641.01},{"text":"of","start":4641.01,"end":4641.09},{"text":"Saudi","start":4641.09,"end":4641.45},{"text":"Arabia,","start":4641.45,"end":4641.89},{"text":"which","start":4642.17,"end":4642.41},{"text":"is","start":4642.45,"end":4642.61},{"text":"facing","start":4642.61,"end":4643.25},{"text":"blatant","start":4643.57,"end":4644.21},{"text":"and","start":4644.21,"end":4644.53},{"text":"unprovoked","start":4644.57,"end":4645.25},{"text":"aggression","start":4645.29,"end":4645.89},{"text":"by","start":4645.89,"end":4646.05},{"text":"the","start":4646.05,"end":4646.21},{"text":"Houthis.","start":4646.21,"end":4646.85}]},{"text":"Pakistan reaffirms its unwavering support for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, security and prosperity of the Kingdom and stands in complete solidarity with its leadership, government and brothers and sisters.","start":4647.33,"end":4662.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Pakistan","start":4647.33,"end":4647.73},{"text":"reaffirms","start":4647.73,"end":4648.29},{"text":"its","start":4648.29,"end":4648.53},{"text":"unwavering","start":4648.57,"end":4649.09},{"text":"support","start":4649.09,"end":4649.61},{"text":"for","start":4649.61,"end":4649.73},{"text":"the","start":4649.73,"end":4649.89},{"text":"sovereignty,","start":4649.89,"end":4650.69},{"text":"territorial","start":4650.69,"end":4651.29},{"text":"integrity,","start":4651.29,"end":4652.05},{"text":"security","start":4652.61,"end":4653.33},{"text":"and","start":4653.49,"end":4653.69},{"text":"prosperity","start":4653.69,"end":4654.53},{"text":"of","start":4654.53,"end":4654.69},{"text":"the","start":4654.69,"end":4654.81},{"text":"Kingdom","start":4654.81,"end":4655.33},{"text":"and","start":4655.57,"end":4655.77},{"text":"stands","start":4655.77,"end":4656.21},{"text":"in","start":4656.21,"end":4656.41},{"text":"complete","start":4656.41,"end":4656.93},{"text":"solidarity","start":4656.93,"end":4657.73},{"text":"with","start":4657.73,"end":4657.89},{"text":"its","start":4657.89,"end":4658.05},{"text":"leadership,","start":4658.05,"end":4658.69},{"text":"government","start":4658.93,"end":4659.49},{"text":"and","start":4660.13,"end":4660.69},{"text":"brothers","start":4661.09,"end":4661.49},{"text":"and","start":4661.49,"end":4661.65},{"text":"sisters.","start":4661.65,"end":4662.37}]},{"text":"We call upon Houthi militia for immediate cessation of these provocative acts which could have dire consequences for maritime security and regional peace and stability.","start":4663.41,"end":4675.01,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4663.41,"end":4663.57},{"text":"call","start":4663.57,"end":4663.89},{"text":"upon","start":4663.89,"end":4664.37},{"text":"Houthi","start":4664.45,"end":4664.77},{"text":"militia","start":4664.77,"end":4665.33},{"text":"for","start":4665.33,"end":4665.49},{"text":"immediate","start":4665.65,"end":4666.29},{"text":"cessation","start":4666.29,"end":4666.85},{"text":"of","start":4666.85,"end":4667.01},{"text":"these","start":4667.01,"end":4667.41},{"text":"provocative","start":4667.41,"end":4668.13},{"text":"acts","start":4668.13,"end":4668.69},{"text":"which","start":4668.73,"end":4669.09},{"text":"could","start":4669.09,"end":4669.33},{"text":"have","start":4669.33,"end":4669.65},{"text":"dire","start":4669.65,"end":4670.13},{"text":"consequences","start":4670.13,"end":4671.25},{"text":"for","start":4671.25,"end":4671.65},{"text":"maritime","start":4671.65,"end":4672.13},{"text":"security","start":4672.13,"end":4672.85},{"text":"and","start":4673.33,"end":4673.61},{"text":"regional","start":4673.61,"end":4673.97},{"text":"peace","start":4673.97,"end":4674.25},{"text":"and","start":4674.25,"end":4674.41},{"text":"stability.","start":4674.41,"end":4675.01}]},{"text":"President, as one of the literal states of Indian Ocean with overwhelming reliance on sea-borne trade and as a party to UN Convention on Law of the Sea, Pakistan attaches paramount importance to maritime safety and security.","start":4675.57,"end":4691.01,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"President,","start":4675.57,"end":4676.13},{"text":"as","start":4676.45,"end":4676.61},{"text":"one","start":4676.61,"end":4676.85},{"text":"of","start":4676.85,"end":4677.01},{"text":"the","start":4677.01,"end":4677.09},{"text":"literal","start":4677.09,"end":4677.89},{"text":"states","start":4677.97,"end":4678.53},{"text":"of","start":4678.53,"end":4678.77},{"text":"Indian","start":4678.77,"end":4679.17},{"text":"Ocean","start":4679.17,"end":4679.57},{"text":"with","start":4679.57,"end":4679.81},{"text":"overwhelming","start":4679.89,"end":4680.61},{"text":"reliance","start":4680.61,"end":4681.25},{"text":"on","start":4681.25,"end":4681.65},{"text":"sea-borne","start":4681.65,"end":4682.37},{"text":"trade","start":4682.37,"end":4682.93},{"text":"and","start":4683.57,"end":4683.77},{"text":"as","start":4683.77,"end":4683.89},{"text":"a","start":4683.89,"end":4683.97},{"text":"party","start":4683.97,"end":4684.37},{"text":"to","start":4684.37,"end":4684.53},{"text":"UN","start":4684.53,"end":4684.81},{"text":"Convention","start":4684.81,"end":4685.37},{"text":"on","start":4685.37,"end":4685.49},{"text":"Law","start":4685.49,"end":4685.61},{"text":"of","start":4685.61,"end":4685.73},{"text":"the","start":4685.73,"end":4685.85},{"text":"Sea,","start":4685.85,"end":4686.25},{"text":"Pakistan","start":4686.37,"end":4686.97},{"text":"attaches","start":4686.97,"end":4687.65},{"text":"paramount","start":4687.65,"end":4688.25},{"text":"importance","start":4688.25,"end":4688.93},{"text":"to","start":4688.93,"end":4689.25},{"text":"maritime","start":4689.25,"end":4689.81},{"text":"safety","start":4689.81,"end":4690.25},{"text":"and","start":4690.25,"end":4690.37},{"text":"security.","start":4690.37,"end":4691.01}]},{"text":"It is our principal position that global shipping should not become a casualty of conflict and strife.","start":4691.81,"end":4697.81,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":4691.81,"end":4691.93},{"text":"is","start":4691.93,"end":4692.13},{"text":"our","start":4692.13,"end":4692.21},{"text":"principal","start":4692.21,"end":4692.77},{"text":"position","start":4692.77,"end":4693.33},{"text":"that","start":4693.33,"end":4693.53},{"text":"global","start":4693.53,"end":4693.97},{"text":"shipping","start":4693.97,"end":4694.53},{"text":"should","start":4694.61,"end":4694.93},{"text":"not","start":4694.93,"end":4695.17},{"text":"become","start":4695.17,"end":4695.65},{"text":"a","start":4695.73,"end":4695.77},{"text":"casualty","start":4695.77,"end":4696.49},{"text":"of","start":4696.49,"end":4696.61},{"text":"conflict","start":4696.61,"end":4697.25},{"text":"and","start":4697.25,"end":4697.41},{"text":"strife.","start":4697.41,"end":4697.81}]},{"text":"Instead, it should remain a driver of global trade and economy.","start":4698.45,"end":4701.81,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"Instead,","start":4698.45,"end":4699.09},{"text":"it","start":4699.09,"end":4699.29},{"text":"should","start":4699.29,"end":4699.45},{"text":"remain","start":4699.45,"end":4699.85},{"text":"a","start":4699.85,"end":4699.89},{"text":"driver","start":4699.89,"end":4700.33},{"text":"of","start":4700.33,"end":4700.45},{"text":"global","start":4700.45,"end":4700.77},{"text":"trade","start":4700.77,"end":4701.13},{"text":"and","start":4701.13,"end":4701.29},{"text":"economy.","start":4701.29,"end":4701.81}]},{"text":"Guided by these foundational principles, Pakistan acted as a mediator between Iran and the United States following the outbreak of hostilities between the two countries.","start":4702.53,"end":4713.25,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"Guided","start":4702.53,"end":4702.93},{"text":"by","start":4702.93,"end":4703.09},{"text":"these","start":4703.09,"end":4703.49},{"text":"foundational","start":4703.49,"end":4704.13},{"text":"principles,","start":4704.13,"end":4705.01},{"text":"Pakistan","start":4705.01,"end":4705.81},{"text":"acted","start":4705.81,"end":4706.13},{"text":"as","start":4706.13,"end":4706.29},{"text":"a","start":4706.29,"end":4706.37},{"text":"mediator","start":4706.37,"end":4707.09},{"text":"between","start":4707.65,"end":4708.05},{"text":"Iran","start":4708.09,"end":4708.25},{"text":"and","start":4708.25,"end":4708.61},{"text":"the","start":4708.61,"end":4708.69},{"text":"United","start":4708.69,"end":4709.13},{"text":"States","start":4709.13,"end":4709.73},{"text":"following","start":4709.73,"end":4710.21},{"text":"the","start":4710.21,"end":4710.49},{"text":"outbreak","start":4710.49,"end":4710.97},{"text":"of","start":4710.97,"end":4711.17},{"text":"hostilities","start":4711.17,"end":4711.89},{"text":"between","start":4711.89,"end":4712.21},{"text":"the","start":4712.21,"end":4712.33},{"text":"two","start":4712.33,"end":4712.53},{"text":"countries.","start":4712.53,"end":4713.25}]},{"text":"With the support of our friends and partners, we spearheaded diplomatic efforts for de-escalation and broader regional stability, culminating in a ceasefire and Islamabad Memorandum of Understanding.","start":4713.49,"end":4727.17,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"With","start":4713.49,"end":4713.61},{"text":"the","start":4713.61,"end":4713.73},{"text":"support","start":4713.73,"end":4714.21},{"text":"of","start":4714.21,"end":4714.37},{"text":"our","start":4714.37,"end":4714.53},{"text":"friends","start":4714.53,"end":4715.17},{"text":"and","start":4715.17,"end":4715.49},{"text":"partners,","start":4715.49,"end":4716.13},{"text":"we","start":4716.13,"end":4716.29},{"text":"spearheaded","start":4716.29,"end":4716.97},{"text":"diplomatic","start":4716.97,"end":4717.57},{"text":"efforts","start":4717.57,"end":4718.21},{"text":"for","start":4718.77,"end":4719.01},{"text":"de-escalation","start":4719.01,"end":4720.05},{"text":"and","start":4720.05,"end":4720.33},{"text":"broader","start":4720.33,"end":4720.81},{"text":"regional","start":4720.81,"end":4721.17},{"text":"stability,","start":4721.17,"end":4721.97},{"text":"culminating","start":4722.45,"end":4723.25},{"text":"in","start":4723.29,"end":4723.45},{"text":"a","start":4723.45,"end":4723.49},{"text":"ceasefire","start":4723.49,"end":4724.29},{"text":"and","start":4724.77,"end":4724.93},{"text":"Islamabad","start":4724.93,"end":4725.57},{"text":"Memorandum","start":4725.57,"end":4726.17},{"text":"of","start":4726.17,"end":4726.29},{"text":"Understanding.","start":4726.29,"end":4727.17}]},{"text":"We shall continue to make efforts for a negotiated settlement of all outstanding issues for an early return to normalcy at sea and land.","start":4727.57,"end":4736.53,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4727.57,"end":4727.61},{"text":"shall","start":4727.61,"end":4727.89},{"text":"continue","start":4727.89,"end":4728.37},{"text":"to","start":4728.37,"end":4728.45},{"text":"make","start":4728.45,"end":4728.77},{"text":"efforts","start":4728.77,"end":4729.17},{"text":"for","start":4729.17,"end":4729.37},{"text":"a","start":4729.37,"end":4729.41},{"text":"negotiated","start":4729.41,"end":4730.21},{"text":"settlement","start":4730.21,"end":4730.77},{"text":"of","start":4730.77,"end":4730.93},{"text":"all","start":4731.01,"end":4731.25},{"text":"outstanding","start":4731.25,"end":4731.97},{"text":"issues","start":4731.97,"end":4732.53},{"text":"for","start":4733.17,"end":4733.45},{"text":"an","start":4733.45,"end":4733.65},{"text":"early","start":4733.73,"end":4733.97},{"text":"return","start":4733.97,"end":4734.45},{"text":"to","start":4734.45,"end":4734.53},{"text":"normalcy","start":4734.53,"end":4735.25},{"text":"at","start":4735.25,"end":4735.37},{"text":"sea","start":4735.37,"end":4735.85},{"text":"and","start":4735.85,"end":4736.05},{"text":"land.","start":4736.05,"end":4736.53}]},{"text":"In pursuit of this objective, Pakistan looks forward to working with all peace-loving nations in region and beyond for furtherance of maritime peace and security and safety of commercial shipping and merchant vessels.","start":4737.17,"end":4750.29,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."},{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":4737.17,"end":4737.41},{"text":"pursuit","start":4737.41,"end":4737.85},{"text":"of","start":4737.85,"end":4737.97},{"text":"this","start":4737.97,"end":4738.21},{"text":"objective,","start":4738.21,"end":4738.85},{"text":"Pakistan","start":4738.85,"end":4739.25},{"text":"looks","start":4739.25,"end":4739.49},{"text":"forward","start":4739.49,"end":4739.85},{"text":"to","start":4739.85,"end":4739.97},{"text":"working","start":4739.97,"end":4740.33},{"text":"with","start":4740.33,"end":4740.53},{"text":"all","start":4740.53,"end":4740.85},{"text":"peace-loving","start":4740.85,"end":4741.49},{"text":"nations","start":4741.49,"end":4742.05},{"text":"in","start":4742.61,"end":4742.77},{"text":"region","start":4742.77,"end":4743.17},{"text":"and","start":4743.17,"end":4743.37},{"text":"beyond","start":4743.37,"end":4743.81},{"text":"for","start":4743.81,"end":4743.97},{"text":"furtherance","start":4743.97,"end":4744.61},{"text":"of","start":4744.61,"end":4744.69},{"text":"maritime","start":4744.69,"end":4745.33},{"text":"peace","start":4745.33,"end":4745.89},{"text":"and","start":4745.97,"end":4746.29},{"text":"security","start":4746.29,"end":4747.01},{"text":"and","start":4747.01,"end":4747.21},{"text":"safety","start":4747.21,"end":4747.73},{"text":"of","start":4747.73,"end":4747.89},{"text":"commercial","start":4747.89,"end":4748.37},{"text":"shipping","start":4748.37,"end":4748.93},{"text":"and","start":4748.93,"end":4749.25},{"text":"merchant","start":4749.25,"end":4749.69},{"text":"vessels.","start":4749.69,"end":4750.29}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":4750.45,"end":4751.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4750.45,"end":4750.61},{"text":"thank","start":4750.61,"end":4750.89},{"text":"you.","start":4750.89,"end":4751.01}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"PAK","affiliation_full":"Pakistan","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":23,"start":4755.21,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=1:19:16","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Pakistan for the statement.","start":4755.21,"end":4758.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4755.21,"end":4755.29},{"text":"thank","start":4755.29,"end":4755.53},{"text":"the","start":4755.53,"end":4755.61},{"text":"distinguished","start":4755.61,"end":4756.05},{"text":"representative","start":4756.05,"end":4756.65},{"text":"of","start":4756.65,"end":4756.73},{"text":"Pakistan","start":4756.73,"end":4757.45},{"text":"for","start":4757.45,"end":4757.61},{"text":"the","start":4757.61,"end":4757.73},{"text":"statement.","start":4757.73,"end":4758.25}]},{"text":"I give the floor now to the distinguished representative of Panama.","start":4758.25,"end":4760.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4758.25,"end":4758.33},{"text":"give","start":4758.33,"end":4758.49},{"text":"the","start":4758.49,"end":4758.61},{"text":"floor","start":4758.61,"end":4758.89},{"text":"now","start":4758.89,"end":4759.05},{"text":"to","start":4759.05,"end":4759.13},{"text":"the","start":4759.13,"end":4759.29},{"text":"distinguished","start":4759.29,"end":4759.73},{"text":"representative","start":4759.73,"end":4760.25},{"text":"of","start":4760.25,"end":4760.33},{"text":"Panama.","start":4760.33,"end":4760.69}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":4760.69,"end":4761.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":4760.69,"end":4760.77},{"text":"have","start":4760.81,"end":4760.93},{"text":"the","start":4760.93,"end":4761.01},{"text":"floor.","start":4761.01,"end":4761.21}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdulatif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":24,"start":4765.77,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=1:19:26","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Chair.","start":4765.77,"end":4766.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4765.77,"end":4766.09},{"text":"you","start":4766.09,"end":4766.25},{"text":"very","start":4766.25,"end":4766.49},{"text":"much,","start":4766.49,"end":4766.85},{"text":"Chair.","start":4766.85,"end":4766.97}]},{"text":"As a maritime nation, the Republic of Panama welcomes and recognizes the initiative of the Kingdom of Bahrain, as well as your sustained efforts to promote maritime security and to highlight its contribution to international peace and security.","start":4768.37,"end":4784.01,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":4768.37,"end":4768.61},{"text":"a","start":4768.61,"end":4768.65},{"text":"maritime","start":4768.89,"end":4769.69},{"text":"nation,","start":4769.69,"end":4770.89},{"text":"the","start":4771.13,"end":4771.25},{"text":"Republic","start":4771.25,"end":4771.65},{"text":"of","start":4771.65,"end":4771.77},{"text":"Panama","start":4771.77,"end":4772.33},{"text":"welcomes","start":4772.49,"end":4773.05},{"text":"and","start":4773.05,"end":4773.17},{"text":"recognizes","start":4773.17,"end":4773.85},{"text":"the","start":4773.85,"end":4773.93},{"text":"initiative","start":4773.93,"end":4774.37},{"text":"of","start":4774.37,"end":4774.49},{"text":"the","start":4774.49,"end":4774.57},{"text":"Kingdom","start":4774.57,"end":4774.93},{"text":"of","start":4774.93,"end":4775.05},{"text":"Bahrain,","start":4775.05,"end":4775.61},{"text":"as","start":4775.85,"end":4776.01},{"text":"well","start":4776.01,"end":4776.13},{"text":"as","start":4776.13,"end":4776.21},{"text":"your","start":4776.21,"end":4776.37},{"text":"sustained","start":4776.37,"end":4776.89},{"text":"efforts","start":4776.89,"end":4777.29},{"text":"to","start":4777.29,"end":4777.45},{"text":"promote","start":4777.45,"end":4777.93},{"text":"maritime","start":4777.93,"end":4778.41},{"text":"security","start":4778.41,"end":4779.13},{"text":"and","start":4779.37,"end":4779.61},{"text":"to","start":4779.61,"end":4779.93},{"text":"highlight","start":4779.93,"end":4780.65},{"text":"its","start":4780.89,"end":4781.13},{"text":"contribution","start":4781.13,"end":4781.93},{"text":"to","start":4781.93,"end":4782.17},{"text":"international","start":4782.17,"end":4782.85},{"text":"peace","start":4782.85,"end":4783.13},{"text":"and","start":4783.13,"end":4783.25},{"text":"security.","start":4783.25,"end":4784.01}]},{"text":"And we'd also like to cordially welcome His Excellency, Mr. Abdul Latif bin Rashid Al Zayani, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Bahrain.","start":4784.41,"end":4793.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":4784.41,"end":4784.73},{"text":"we'd","start":4784.73,"end":4784.97},{"text":"also","start":4784.97,"end":4785.17},{"text":"like","start":4785.17,"end":4785.45},{"text":"to","start":4785.45,"end":4785.69},{"text":"cordially","start":4785.69,"end":4786.33},{"text":"welcome","start":4786.41,"end":4787.05},{"text":"His","start":4787.25,"end":4787.45},{"text":"Excellency,","start":4787.45,"end":4788.01},{"text":"Mr.","start":4788.01,"end":4788.49},{"text":"Abdul","start":4788.49,"end":4788.73},{"text":"Latif","start":4788.73,"end":4789.13},{"text":"bin","start":4789.13,"end":4789.53},{"text":"Rashid","start":4789.53,"end":4790.01},{"text":"Al","start":4790.01,"end":4790.17},{"text":"Zayani,","start":4790.17,"end":4790.61},{"text":"Minister","start":4790.61,"end":4790.97},{"text":"of","start":4790.97,"end":4791.05},{"text":"Foreign","start":4791.05,"end":4791.29},{"text":"Affairs","start":4791.29,"end":4791.77},{"text":"of","start":4792.01,"end":4792.13},{"text":"the","start":4792.13,"end":4792.21},{"text":"Kingdom","start":4792.21,"end":4792.53},{"text":"of","start":4792.53,"end":4792.61},{"text":"Bahrain.","start":4792.61,"end":4793.29}]},{"text":"This initiative is particularly relevant, given the growing vulnerability of the major shipping routes over recent months.","start":4793.85,"end":4802.73,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4793.85,"end":4794.17},{"text":"initiative","start":4794.25,"end":4794.97},{"text":"is","start":4794.97,"end":4795.17},{"text":"particularly","start":4795.17,"end":4795.93},{"text":"relevant,","start":4796.01,"end":4796.57},{"text":"given","start":4796.57,"end":4796.97},{"text":"the","start":4796.97,"end":4797.13},{"text":"growing","start":4797.13,"end":4797.61},{"text":"vulnerability","start":4797.61,"end":4798.49},{"text":"of","start":4798.73,"end":4799.05},{"text":"the","start":4799.05,"end":4799.17},{"text":"major","start":4799.21,"end":4799.69},{"text":"shipping","start":4799.69,"end":4800.09},{"text":"routes","start":4800.09,"end":4800.65},{"text":"over","start":4801.21,"end":4801.65},{"text":"recent","start":4801.65,"end":4802.01},{"text":"months.","start":4802.01,"end":4802.73}]},{"text":"Critical maritime corridors such as the Hormuz Straits and most recently the Bab al-Mandab straits in the Red Sea have been affected by situations contrary to international law that have interrupted or hindered free transit, leading to disruptions in global trade and endangering supply chains, particularly those related to the energy sector.","start":4802.81,"end":4827.37,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."},{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian 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events demonstrate, I think, the challenges facing the international community in guaranteeing respect for international law and the effective implementation of Security Council resolutions.","start":4827.77,"end":4840.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":4827.77,"end":4828.33},{"text":"events","start":4828.33,"end":4829.13},{"text":"demonstrate,","start":4829.69,"end":4830.57},{"text":"I","start":4830.57,"end":4830.65},{"text":"think,","start":4830.65,"end":4830.97},{"text":"the","start":4830.97,"end":4831.17},{"text":"challenges","start":4831.21,"end":4831.77},{"text":"facing","start":4831.77,"end":4832.25},{"text":"the","start":4832.25,"end":4832.37},{"text":"international","start":4832.37,"end":4832.97},{"text":"community","start":4832.97,"end":4833.61},{"text":"in","start":4833.85,"end":4834.25},{"text":"guaranteeing","start":4834.25,"end":4835.05},{"text":"respect","start":4835.13,"end":4835.69},{"text":"for","start":4835.69,"end":4835.97},{"text":"international","start":4835.97,"end":4836.93},{"text":"law","start":4836.93,"end":4837.01},{"text":"and","start":4837.13,"end":4837.29},{"text":"the","start":4837.29,"end":4837.41},{"text":"effective","start":4837.41,"end":4837.85},{"text":"implementation","start":4837.85,"end":4838.81},{"text":"of","start":4838.81,"end":4839.21},{"text":"Security","start":4839.21,"end":4839.65},{"text":"Council","start":4839.65,"end":4839.97},{"text":"resolutions.","start":4839.97,"end":4840.89}]},{"text":"We cannot allow these actions to normalize lack of respect for international law or reduce our collective ability to respond effectively to these situations.","start":4842.01,"end":4852.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":4842.01,"end":4842.17},{"text":"cannot","start":4842.17,"end":4842.65},{"text":"allow","start":4843.21,"end":4843.93},{"text":"these","start":4844.33,"end":4844.73},{"text":"actions","start":4844.73,"end":4845.45},{"text":"to","start":4845.45,"end":4845.85},{"text":"normalize","start":4846.01,"end":4846.81},{"text":"lack","start":4846.81,"end":4847.09},{"text":"of","start":4847.09,"end":4847.21},{"text":"respect","start":4847.21,"end":4847.53},{"text":"for","start":4847.53,"end":4847.65},{"text":"international","start":4847.65,"end":4848.21},{"text":"law","start":4848.21,"end":4848.29},{"text":"or","start":4848.29,"end":4848.77},{"text":"reduce","start":4848.77,"end":4849.05},{"text":"our","start":4849.05,"end":4849.21},{"text":"collective","start":4849.21,"end":4849.69},{"text":"ability","start":4849.69,"end":4850.25},{"text":"to","start":4850.25,"end":4850.57},{"text":"respond","start":4850.73,"end":4851.17},{"text":"effectively","start":4851.17,"end":4851.69},{"text":"to","start":4851.69,"end":4851.85},{"text":"these","start":4851.85,"end":4852.05},{"text":"situations.","start":4852.05,"end":4852.89}]},{"text":"Chair, in this context, we are very concerned as we see the recent reports about the growing use of AI tools by the Houthis to strengthen their military capacities, including the development of guided missile systems to attack vessels.","start":4853.77,"end":4876.97,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. 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Speakers warned that maritime rules and response tools must adapt to these evolving and hybrid forms of insecurity."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4884.93,"end":4885.13},{"text":"shows","start":4885.13,"end":4885.49},{"text":"how","start":4885.49,"end":4885.97},{"text":"technologies","start":4886.37,"end":4887.33},{"text":"that","start":4887.33,"end":4887.49},{"text":"are","start":4887.49,"end":4887.65},{"text":"increasingly","start":4887.65,"end":4888.29},{"text":"accessible","start":4888.29,"end":4888.93},{"text":"can","start":4888.93,"end":4889.25},{"text":"be","start":4889.25,"end":4889.57},{"text":"used","start":4889.73,"end":4890.25},{"text":"by","start":4890.25,"end":4890.37},{"text":"non-state","start":4890.37,"end":4891.09},{"text":"actors","start":4891.09,"end":4891.65},{"text":"to","start":4891.65,"end":4891.97},{"text":"expand","start":4892.29,"end":4892.85},{"text":"their","start":4892.85,"end":4893.41},{"text":"operations.","start":4893.65,"end":4894.61}]},{"text":"and we see that their operations are becoming ever more sophisticated.","start":4895.93,"end":4899.29,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. 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The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":4899.69,"end":4900.01},{"text":"brings","start":4900.01,"end":4900.41},{"text":"into","start":4900.41,"end":4900.61},{"text":"the","start":4900.61,"end":4900.69},{"text":"whole","start":4900.69,"end":4900.81},{"text":"situation","start":4900.81,"end":4901.49},{"text":"a","start":4901.49,"end":4901.53},{"text":"new","start":4901.57,"end":4901.93},{"text":"element","start":4902.21,"end":4903.01},{"text":"to","start":4903.01,"end":4903.13},{"text":"the","start":4903.13,"end":4903.29},{"text":"challenges","start":4903.29,"end":4903.81},{"text":"already","start":4903.81,"end":4904.17},{"text":"facing","start":4904.17,"end":4904.65},{"text":"international","start":4904.81,"end":4905.45},{"text":"shipping.","start":4905.45,"end":4905.93}]},{"text":"The convergence between emerging technologies, the proliferation of weapons that feed conflicts, and the involvement of non-state actors requires renewed attention by this Council and the international community.","start":4906.09,"end":4919.53,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. 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Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."}],"words":[{"text":"Given","start":4920.13,"end":4920.37},{"text":"this","start":4920.37,"end":4920.53},{"text":"reality,","start":4920.53,"end":4921.01},{"text":"Panama","start":4921.01,"end":4921.41},{"text":"feels","start":4921.41,"end":4921.89},{"text":"that","start":4921.89,"end":4922.05},{"text":"we","start":4922.05,"end":4922.17},{"text":"need","start":4922.17,"end":4922.41},{"text":"to","start":4922.41,"end":4922.77},{"text":"move","start":4923.17,"end":4923.57},{"text":"from","start":4923.57,"end":4923.81},{"text":"a","start":4923.81,"end":4923.89},{"text":"reactive","start":4923.89,"end":4924.45},{"text":"posture","start":4924.45,"end":4925.01},{"text":"to","start":4925.01,"end":4925.17},{"text":"a","start":4925.17,"end":4925.25},{"text":"preventive","start":4925.25,"end":4925.97},{"text":"and","start":4925.97,"end":4926.13},{"text":"coordinated","start":4926.13,"end":4926.85},{"text":"approach.","start":4926.85,"end":4927.57}]},{"text":"We must strengthen our collective capacity to anticipate new forms of threats and avoid technological progress being used to undermine international law and threaten commercial shipping or to further destabilize these strategically important shipping corridors.","start":4928.29,"end":4947.57,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. 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The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":4963.13,"end":4963.45},{"text":"the","start":4964.01,"end":4964.41},{"text":"security","start":4964.41,"end":4965.29},{"text":"of","start":4965.29,"end":4965.53},{"text":"maritime","start":4965.53,"end":4966.17},{"text":"routes","start":4966.17,"end":4966.73},{"text":"is","start":4966.73,"end":4966.89},{"text":"not","start":4966.89,"end":4967.21},{"text":"just","start":4967.21,"end":4967.65},{"text":"an","start":4967.65,"end":4967.77},{"text":"issue","start":4967.77,"end":4968.09},{"text":"of","start":4968.09,"end":4968.17},{"text":"trade.","start":4968.17,"end":4968.73}]},{"text":"It's also an issue of international security, energy security, and the well-being of millions of people throughout the world who depend on safe and predictable supply chains.","start":4969.13,"end":4980.57,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. 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Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"An","start":4981.81,"end":4981.93},{"text":"effective","start":4981.93,"end":4982.49},{"text":"response","start":4982.49,"end":4983.13},{"text":"requires","start":4983.13,"end":4983.77},{"text":"coordination,","start":4983.77,"end":4984.73},{"text":"prevention,","start":4984.97,"end":4985.85},{"text":"and","start":4986.53,"end":4986.81},{"text":"collective","start":4986.81,"end":4987.29},{"text":"responsibility.","start":4987.29,"end":4988.09}]},{"text":"Thank you very much, Chair.","start":4988.09,"end":4989.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":4988.09,"end":4988.25},{"text":"you","start":4988.25,"end":4988.33},{"text":"very","start":4988.33,"end":4988.49},{"text":"much,","start":4988.49,"end":4988.77},{"text":"Chair.","start":4988.77,"end":4989.01}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"PAN","affiliation_full":"Panama","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":25,"start":4989.01,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=1:23:10","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Panama for the statement.","start":4989.01,"end":4995.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4989.01,"end":4989.05},{"text":"thank","start":4991.37,"end":4991.53},{"text":"the","start":4991.53,"end":4991.61},{"text":"distinguished","start":4992.21,"end":4992.73},{"text":"representative","start":4992.73,"end":4993.37},{"text":"of","start":4993.37,"end":4993.69},{"text":"Panama","start":4993.77,"end":4994.17},{"text":"for","start":4994.25,"end":4994.41},{"text":"the","start":4994.41,"end":4994.53},{"text":"statement.","start":4994.53,"end":4995.17}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of Greece.","start":4995.17,"end":4998.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":4995.17,"end":4995.21},{"text":"now","start":4995.21,"end":4995.37},{"text":"give","start":4995.37,"end":4995.61},{"text":"the","start":4995.61,"end":4995.69},{"text":"floor","start":4995.69,"end":4996.09},{"text":"to","start":4996.33,"end":4996.57},{"text":"the","start":4996.57,"end":4996.69},{"text":"distinguished","start":4996.69,"end":4997.13},{"text":"representative","start":4997.13,"end":4997.69},{"text":"of","start":4997.69,"end":4998.01},{"text":"Greece.","start":4998.01,"end":4998.33}]},{"text":"You have the floor.","start":4998.33,"end":4998.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"You","start":4998.33,"end":4998.41},{"text":"have","start":4998.41,"end":4998.57},{"text":"the","start":4998.57,"end":4998.65},{"text":"floor.","start":4998.65,"end":4998.89}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdulatif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":26,"start":5001.37,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=1:23:22","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Your Excellency. I thank Bahrain for convening this important meeting on an issue of critical importance to international peace and security, and I welcome the presence of His Excellency, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Bahrain, in today's meeting.","start":5001.37,"end":5020.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Your","start":5001.37,"end":5001.53},{"text":"Excellency.","start":5001.53,"end":5002.33},{"text":"I","start":5004.77,"end":5005.01},{"text":"thank","start":5005.01,"end":5005.37},{"text":"Bahrain","start":5005.37,"end":5005.81},{"text":"for","start":5005.81,"end":5006.05},{"text":"convening","start":5006.05,"end":5006.61},{"text":"this","start":5006.61,"end":5006.85},{"text":"important","start":5006.85,"end":5007.45},{"text":"meeting","start":5007.45,"end":5007.89},{"text":"on","start":5007.89,"end":5008.13},{"text":"an","start":5008.13,"end":5008.21},{"text":"issue","start":5008.21,"end":5008.49},{"text":"of","start":5008.49,"end":5008.69},{"text":"critical","start":5008.69,"end":5009.21},{"text":"importance","start":5009.21,"end":5009.89},{"text":"to","start":5009.89,"end":5010.01},{"text":"international","start":5010.05,"end":5010.93},{"text":"peace","start":5010.93,"end":5011.41},{"text":"and","start":5011.41,"end":5011.57},{"text":"security,","start":5011.57,"end":5012.45},{"text":"and","start":5012.77,"end":5013.01},{"text":"I","start":5013.01,"end":5013.17},{"text":"welcome","start":5013.17,"end":5013.73},{"text":"the","start":5013.73,"end":5013.89},{"text":"presence","start":5013.89,"end":5014.61},{"text":"of","start":5014.61,"end":5014.77},{"text":"His","start":5014.77,"end":5015.01},{"text":"Excellency,","start":5015.01,"end":5015.69},{"text":"the","start":5015.69,"end":5015.81},{"text":"Minister","start":5015.81,"end":5016.41},{"text":"of","start":5016.41,"end":5016.49},{"text":"Foreign","start":5016.49,"end":5016.93},{"text":"Affairs","start":5016.93,"end":5017.41},{"text":"of","start":5017.41,"end":5017.49},{"text":"the","start":5017.49,"end":5017.61},{"text":"Kingdom","start":5017.61,"end":5018.09},{"text":"of","start":5018.09,"end":5018.29},{"text":"Bahrain,","start":5018.29,"end":5019.01},{"text":"in","start":5019.49,"end":5019.65},{"text":"today's","start":5019.65,"end":5020.09},{"text":"meeting.","start":5020.09,"end":5020.61}]},{"text":"For Greece, maritime security remains a strategic topic of fundamental and enduring importance.","start":5021.81,"end":5028.37,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":5021.81,"end":5021.97},{"text":"Greece,","start":5021.97,"end":5022.53},{"text":"maritime","start":5022.53,"end":5023.25},{"text":"security","start":5023.25,"end":5023.93},{"text":"remains","start":5023.93,"end":5024.45},{"text":"a","start":5024.45,"end":5024.49},{"text":"strategic","start":5024.49,"end":5025.33},{"text":"topic","start":5025.33,"end":5025.73},{"text":"of","start":5025.73,"end":5025.81},{"text":"fundamental","start":5025.81,"end":5026.65},{"text":"and","start":5026.65,"end":5026.81},{"text":"enduring","start":5026.81,"end":5027.37},{"text":"importance.","start":5027.37,"end":5028.37}]},{"text":"And I would like to thank the briefers for their insightful contributions, which helped shed light to the importance of our topic.","start":5028.77,"end":5040.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5028.77,"end":5029.01},{"text":"I","start":5029.01,"end":5029.09},{"text":"would","start":5029.09,"end":5029.25},{"text":"like","start":5029.25,"end":5029.57},{"text":"to","start":5029.61,"end":5029.69},{"text":"thank","start":5029.69,"end":5030.01},{"text":"the","start":5030.01,"end":5030.13},{"text":"briefers","start":5030.13,"end":5030.77},{"text":"for","start":5031.17,"end":5031.49},{"text":"their","start":5031.49,"end":5031.81},{"text":"insightful","start":5031.81,"end":5033.25},{"text":"contributions,","start":5033.25,"end":5034.29},{"text":"which","start":5034.61,"end":5035.01},{"text":"helped","start":5035.01,"end":5035.45},{"text":"shed","start":5035.73,"end":5036.05},{"text":"light","start":5036.05,"end":5036.61},{"text":"to","start":5037.17,"end":5037.33},{"text":"the","start":5037.41,"end":5037.57},{"text":"importance","start":5037.57,"end":5038.45},{"text":"of","start":5038.45,"end":5038.69},{"text":"our","start":5038.69,"end":5039.41},{"text":"topic.","start":5039.41,"end":5040.05}]},{"text":"In recent months, the international community is witnessing an escalation in attacks against international shipping, both in frequency and intensity, by state and non-state actors.","start":5040.61,"end":5054.53,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. 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Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."},{"key":"vulnerable-economies","label":"Vulnerable Economies and Small States","description":"A consistent concern was the disproportionate impact of maritime disruption on developing countries, small island states, landlocked countries, and import-dependent economies. 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Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5152.53,"end":5152.57},{"text":"existing","start":5152.57,"end":5153.33},{"text":"international","start":5153.33,"end":5154.41},{"text":"legal","start":5154.41,"end":5154.77},{"text":"framework","start":5154.77,"end":5155.49},{"text":"with","start":5155.49,"end":5155.77},{"text":"the","start":5155.77,"end":5155.85},{"text":"United","start":5156.05,"end":5156.53},{"text":"Nations","start":5156.53,"end":5157.13},{"text":"Convention","start":5157.13,"end":5157.81},{"text":"on","start":5157.81,"end":5157.89},{"text":"the","start":5157.89,"end":5158.05},{"text":"Law","start":5158.05,"end":5158.33},{"text":"of","start":5158.33,"end":5158.45},{"text":"the","start":5158.45,"end":5158.57},{"text":"Sea","start":5158.57,"end":5159.01},{"text":"at","start":5159.17,"end":5159.49},{"text":"its","start":5159.49,"end":5159.73},{"text":"core","start":5159.73,"end":5160.13},{"text":"provides","start":5160.29,"end":5161.01},{"text":"the","start":5161.01,"end":5161.13},{"text":"essential","start":5161.13,"end":5161.93},{"text":"legal","start":5161.93,"end":5162.25},{"text":"foundation","start":5162.25,"end":5163.09},{"text":"for","start":5163.33,"end":5163.57},{"text":"the","start":5163.57,"end":5163.65},{"text":"security","start":5163.65,"end":5164.33},{"text":"and","start":5164.33,"end":5164.45},{"text":"stability","start":5164.45,"end":5165.05},{"text":"of","start":5165.05,"end":5165.17},{"text":"the","start":5165.17,"end":5165.29},{"text":"maritime","start":5165.29,"end":5165.97},{"text":"domain.","start":5165.97,"end":5166.61}]},{"text":"UNCLOS sets out the universal and unified legal framework within which all activities in the oceans and seas must be carried out.","start":5166.61,"end":5176.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"UNCLOS","start":5166.61,"end":5167.65},{"text":"sets","start":5167.81,"end":5168.37},{"text":"out","start":5168.37,"end":5168.61},{"text":"the","start":5168.61,"end":5168.81},{"text":"universal","start":5168.85,"end":5169.57},{"text":"and","start":5169.57,"end":5169.69},{"text":"unified","start":5169.69,"end":5170.29},{"text":"legal","start":5170.29,"end":5170.69},{"text":"framework","start":5170.69,"end":5171.37},{"text":"within","start":5171.65,"end":5172.13},{"text":"which","start":5172.13,"end":5172.53},{"text":"all","start":5172.53,"end":5172.85},{"text":"activities","start":5172.85,"end":5173.73},{"text":"in","start":5173.81,"end":5173.97},{"text":"the","start":5173.97,"end":5174.09},{"text":"oceans","start":5174.13,"end":5174.69},{"text":"and","start":5174.69,"end":5174.89},{"text":"seas","start":5174.89,"end":5175.25},{"text":"must","start":5175.25,"end":5175.57},{"text":"be","start":5175.57,"end":5175.73},{"text":"carried","start":5175.73,"end":5176.29},{"text":"out.","start":5176.29,"end":5176.77}]},{"text":"Second, Equal attention should be given to the maritime governance architecture and the institutions that underpin it.","start":5177.65,"end":5186.13,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":5177.65,"end":5178.45},{"text":"Equal","start":5178.69,"end":5179.09},{"text":"attention","start":5179.09,"end":5179.73},{"text":"should","start":5179.73,"end":5179.93},{"text":"be","start":5179.93,"end":5180.05},{"text":"given","start":5180.05,"end":5180.45},{"text":"to","start":5180.45,"end":5180.65},{"text":"the","start":5181.01,"end":5181.25},{"text":"maritime","start":5181.25,"end":5181.81},{"text":"governance","start":5181.81,"end":5182.61},{"text":"architecture","start":5182.77,"end":5183.73},{"text":"and","start":5183.73,"end":5183.89},{"text":"the","start":5183.89,"end":5183.97},{"text":"institutions","start":5183.97,"end":5184.93},{"text":"that","start":5184.93,"end":5185.17},{"text":"underpin","start":5185.17,"end":5185.81},{"text":"it.","start":5185.81,"end":5186.13}]},{"text":"Addressing today's complex maritime security challenges calls for a coordinated, multi-pronged response.","start":5186.53,"end":5194.77,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."}],"words":[{"text":"Addressing","start":5186.53,"end":5187.33},{"text":"today's","start":5187.33,"end":5187.97},{"text":"complex","start":5187.97,"end":5188.53},{"text":"maritime","start":5188.53,"end":5189.09},{"text":"security","start":5189.09,"end":5189.73},{"text":"challenges","start":5189.73,"end":5190.45},{"text":"calls","start":5190.77,"end":5191.25},{"text":"for","start":5191.41,"end":5191.77},{"text":"a","start":5191.77,"end":5191.81},{"text":"coordinated,","start":5191.81,"end":5192.85},{"text":"multi-pronged","start":5192.85,"end":5193.77},{"text":"response.","start":5193.81,"end":5194.77}]},{"text":"The International Maritime Organization is central to this architecture.","start":5195.17,"end":5199.97,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5195.17,"end":5195.37},{"text":"International","start":5195.37,"end":5196.17},{"text":"Maritime","start":5196.21,"end":5196.77},{"text":"Organization","start":5196.77,"end":5197.89},{"text":"is","start":5198.05,"end":5198.21},{"text":"central","start":5198.21,"end":5198.69},{"text":"to","start":5198.69,"end":5198.85},{"text":"this","start":5198.85,"end":5199.09},{"text":"architecture.","start":5199.09,"end":5199.97}]},{"text":"At the same time, maritime security spans multiple institutional mandates.","start":5200.49,"end":5207.13,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":5200.49,"end":5200.65},{"text":"the","start":5200.65,"end":5200.77},{"text":"same","start":5200.77,"end":5201.13},{"text":"time,","start":5201.13,"end":5201.61},{"text":"maritime","start":5201.69,"end":5202.41},{"text":"security","start":5202.41,"end":5203.21},{"text":"spans","start":5203.37,"end":5203.93},{"text":"multiple","start":5203.93,"end":5204.65},{"text":"institutional","start":5205.21,"end":5206.25},{"text":"mandates.","start":5206.25,"end":5207.13}]},{"text":"This calls for closer coordination and complementarity among the mandates, capabilities, and efforts of relevant UN entities, international and regional organizations.","start":5207.13,"end":5218.73,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."},{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":5207.13,"end":5207.45},{"text":"calls","start":5207.45,"end":5207.73},{"text":"for","start":5207.73,"end":5208.01},{"text":"closer","start":5208.01,"end":5208.49},{"text":"coordination","start":5208.49,"end":5209.33},{"text":"and","start":5209.33,"end":5209.45},{"text":"complementarity","start":5209.45,"end":5210.45},{"text":"among","start":5210.45,"end":5210.81},{"text":"the","start":5210.81,"end":5210.89},{"text":"mandates,","start":5210.89,"end":5211.61},{"text":"capabilities,","start":5211.93,"end":5212.85},{"text":"and","start":5212.85,"end":5213.05},{"text":"efforts","start":5213.05,"end":5213.69},{"text":"of","start":5213.69,"end":5213.85},{"text":"relevant","start":5213.85,"end":5214.41},{"text":"UN","start":5214.41,"end":5214.81},{"text":"entities,","start":5214.81,"end":5215.45},{"text":"international","start":5215.77,"end":5216.73},{"text":"and","start":5216.73,"end":5216.97},{"text":"regional","start":5216.97,"end":5217.61},{"text":"organizations.","start":5217.61,"end":5218.73}]},{"text":"The Security Council has its own part to play here, particularly where threats to maritime security bear directly on international peace and security.","start":5219.69,"end":5230.97,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5219.69,"end":5219.93},{"text":"Security","start":5219.93,"end":5220.49},{"text":"Council","start":5220.49,"end":5221.13},{"text":"has","start":5221.37,"end":5221.61},{"text":"its","start":5221.61,"end":5221.85},{"text":"own","start":5221.85,"end":5222.33},{"text":"part","start":5222.33,"end":5222.69},{"text":"to","start":5222.69,"end":5222.77},{"text":"play","start":5222.81,"end":5223.13},{"text":"here,","start":5223.13,"end":5223.69},{"text":"particularly","start":5223.77,"end":5224.73},{"text":"where","start":5224.97,"end":5225.21},{"text":"threats","start":5225.21,"end":5225.69},{"text":"to","start":5225.69,"end":5225.77},{"text":"maritime","start":5225.77,"end":5226.41},{"text":"security","start":5226.41,"end":5227.05},{"text":"bear","start":5227.05,"end":5227.45},{"text":"directly","start":5227.45,"end":5228.17},{"text":"on","start":5228.49,"end":5228.73},{"text":"international","start":5228.73,"end":5229.61},{"text":"peace","start":5229.61,"end":5230.01},{"text":"and","start":5230.01,"end":5230.17},{"text":"security.","start":5230.17,"end":5230.97}]},{"text":"Dedicated and regular discussions on maritime security are important to coherently address threats, strengthen coordination, and reinforce the implementation of existing obligations and relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions.","start":5231.93,"end":5247.37,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."},{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."}],"words":[{"text":"Dedicated","start":5231.93,"end":5232.81},{"text":"and","start":5232.81,"end":5232.97},{"text":"regular","start":5232.97,"end":5233.45},{"text":"discussions","start":5233.45,"end":5234.21},{"text":"on","start":5234.21,"end":5234.33},{"text":"maritime","start":5234.33,"end":5234.89},{"text":"security","start":5234.89,"end":5235.45},{"text":"are","start":5235.45,"end":5235.61},{"text":"important","start":5235.61,"end":5236.21},{"text":"to","start":5236.21,"end":5236.29},{"text":"coherently","start":5236.29,"end":5237.09},{"text":"address","start":5237.09,"end":5237.57},{"text":"threats,","start":5237.57,"end":5238.05},{"text":"strengthen","start":5238.05,"end":5238.65},{"text":"coordination,","start":5238.65,"end":5239.61},{"text":"and","start":5239.85,"end":5240.01},{"text":"reinforce","start":5240.01,"end":5240.81},{"text":"the","start":5240.81,"end":5240.93},{"text":"implementation","start":5240.93,"end":5241.81},{"text":"of","start":5241.81,"end":5241.93},{"text":"existing","start":5241.93,"end":5242.57},{"text":"obligations","start":5242.57,"end":5243.45},{"text":"and","start":5243.45,"end":5243.61},{"text":"relevant","start":5243.61,"end":5244.17},{"text":"United","start":5244.41,"end":5244.97},{"text":"Nations","start":5244.97,"end":5245.53},{"text":"Security","start":5245.53,"end":5246.01},{"text":"Council","start":5246.01,"end":5246.49},{"text":"resolutions.","start":5246.49,"end":5247.37}]},{"text":"Third, we must engage substantively with and listen closely to the private sector, including shipping companies, ship owners, operators, port authorities, insurers, seafarers, and seafarers' unions.","start":5247.97,"end":5262.93,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":5247.97,"end":5248.37},{"text":"we","start":5248.69,"end":5248.93},{"text":"must","start":5248.93,"end":5249.21},{"text":"engage","start":5249.21,"end":5249.73},{"text":"substantively","start":5249.81,"end":5250.93},{"text":"with","start":5250.93,"end":5251.41},{"text":"and","start":5251.41,"end":5251.69},{"text":"listen","start":5251.69,"end":5252.09},{"text":"closely","start":5252.09,"end":5252.61},{"text":"to","start":5252.61,"end":5252.77},{"text":"the","start":5252.77,"end":5252.89},{"text":"private","start":5252.89,"end":5253.37},{"text":"sector,","start":5253.37,"end":5254.05},{"text":"including","start":5254.29,"end":5255.01},{"text":"shipping","start":5255.01,"end":5255.49},{"text":"companies,","start":5255.49,"end":5256.29},{"text":"ship","start":5256.37,"end":5256.69},{"text":"owners,","start":5256.69,"end":5257.17},{"text":"operators,","start":5257.17,"end":5257.97},{"text":"port","start":5257.97,"end":5258.29},{"text":"authorities,","start":5258.29,"end":5259.01},{"text":"insurers,","start":5259.25,"end":5260.05},{"text":"seafarers,","start":5260.21,"end":5261.09},{"text":"and","start":5261.09,"end":5261.25},{"text":"seafarers'","start":5261.25,"end":5262.05},{"text":"unions.","start":5262.13,"end":5262.93}]},{"text":"Seafarers, in particular, must be at the heart of this work.","start":5263.65,"end":5268.45,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"Seafarers,","start":5263.65,"end":5264.53},{"text":"in","start":5264.53,"end":5264.69},{"text":"particular,","start":5264.69,"end":5265.65},{"text":"must","start":5266.13,"end":5266.49},{"text":"be","start":5266.53,"end":5266.85},{"text":"at","start":5266.85,"end":5266.93},{"text":"the","start":5266.93,"end":5267.13},{"text":"heart","start":5267.13,"end":5267.53},{"text":"of","start":5267.53,"end":5267.65},{"text":"this","start":5267.65,"end":5267.89},{"text":"work.","start":5267.89,"end":5268.45}]},{"text":"They are directly exposed to attacks and disruptions to maritime navigation.","start":5269.17,"end":5274.21,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":5269.17,"end":5269.41},{"text":"are","start":5269.41,"end":5269.57},{"text":"directly","start":5269.57,"end":5270.29},{"text":"exposed","start":5270.29,"end":5271.05},{"text":"to","start":5271.05,"end":5271.13},{"text":"attacks","start":5271.13,"end":5271.69},{"text":"and","start":5271.69,"end":5271.85},{"text":"disruptions","start":5271.85,"end":5272.57},{"text":"to","start":5272.57,"end":5272.65},{"text":"maritime","start":5272.69,"end":5273.25},{"text":"navigation.","start":5273.25,"end":5274.21}]},{"text":"Their safety, security and welfare should be woven into international efforts to strengthen maritime security.","start":5274.81,"end":5282.41,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"Their","start":5274.81,"end":5275.05},{"text":"safety,","start":5275.05,"end":5275.69},{"text":"security","start":5275.69,"end":5276.45},{"text":"and","start":5276.45,"end":5276.65},{"text":"welfare","start":5276.65,"end":5277.37},{"text":"should","start":5277.37,"end":5277.57},{"text":"be","start":5277.57,"end":5277.77},{"text":"woven","start":5277.77,"end":5278.17},{"text":"into","start":5278.17,"end":5278.41},{"text":"international","start":5278.41,"end":5279.29},{"text":"efforts","start":5279.29,"end":5279.85},{"text":"to","start":5280.13,"end":5280.25},{"text":"strengthen","start":5280.25,"end":5280.97},{"text":"maritime","start":5280.97,"end":5281.53},{"text":"security.","start":5281.53,"end":5282.41}]},{"text":"Finally, effective maritime security depends on closer operational cooperation and complementarity among existing mechanisms and actions.","start":5283.29,"end":5297.53,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. 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Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":5312.73,"end":5313.05},{"text":"President,","start":5313.05,"end":5313.93},{"text":"Greece,","start":5314.73,"end":5315.37},{"text":"a","start":5315.85,"end":5315.89},{"text":"leading","start":5315.89,"end":5316.25},{"text":"maritime","start":5316.25,"end":5316.89},{"text":"nation","start":5316.89,"end":5317.61},{"text":"whose","start":5317.61,"end":5318.01},{"text":"history,","start":5318.01,"end":5318.85},{"text":"economy,","start":5318.85,"end":5319.61},{"text":"and","start":5319.61,"end":5319.93},{"text":"identity","start":5319.93,"end":5320.97},{"text":"are","start":5321.37,"end":5321.53},{"text":"closely","start":5321.53,"end":5322.33},{"text":"linked","start":5322.33,"end":5322.73},{"text":"with","start":5322.97,"end":5323.25},{"text":"the","start":5323.25,"end":5323.33},{"text":"seas,","start":5323.33,"end":5324.01},{"text":"has","start":5325.69,"end":5325.97},{"text":"an","start":5325.97,"end":5326.13},{"text":"abiding","start":5326.13,"end":5326.89},{"text":"stake","start":5327.05,"end":5327.69},{"text":"in","start":5327.77,"end":5327.97},{"text":"the","start":5327.97,"end":5328.09},{"text":"respect","start":5328.09,"end":5328.81},{"text":"of","start":5329.05,"end":5329.33},{"text":"the","start":5329.33,"end":5329.45},{"text":"freedom","start":5329.45,"end":5330.05},{"text":"of","start":5330.05,"end":5330.17},{"text":"navigation","start":5330.17,"end":5331.21},{"text":"and","start":5331.61,"end":5331.81},{"text":"the","start":5331.81,"end":5331.89},{"text":"safe","start":5331.89,"end":5332.57},{"text":"and","start":5332.57,"end":5332.81},{"text":"unimpeded","start":5332.81,"end":5333.53},{"text":"passage","start":5333.61,"end":5334.33},{"text":"of","start":5334.49,"end":5334.73},{"text":"commercial","start":5334.73,"end":5335.69},{"text":"vessels.","start":5335.89,"end":5336.73}]},{"text":"We remain committed to keeping this vital issue on the Council's agenda.","start":5337.85,"end":5342.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5337.85,"end":5338.09},{"text":"remain","start":5338.09,"end":5338.49},{"text":"committed","start":5338.57,"end":5339.21},{"text":"to","start":5339.37,"end":5339.49},{"text":"keeping","start":5339.53,"end":5340.01},{"text":"this","start":5340.01,"end":5340.33},{"text":"vital","start":5340.33,"end":5340.81},{"text":"issue","start":5340.81,"end":5341.37},{"text":"on","start":5341.37,"end":5341.53},{"text":"the","start":5341.53,"end":5341.69},{"text":"Council's","start":5341.69,"end":5342.25},{"text":"agenda.","start":5342.25,"end":5342.89}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":5343.21,"end":5343.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5343.21,"end":5343.37},{"text":"thank","start":5343.37,"end":5343.69},{"text":"you.","start":5343.69,"end":5343.85}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"GRC","affiliation_full":"Greece","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":27,"start":5347.61,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=1:29:08","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Greece for her statement and give the floor to the representative of the United States.","start":5347.61,"end":5355.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5347.61,"end":5347.77},{"text":"thank","start":5347.77,"end":5348.09},{"text":"the","start":5348.09,"end":5348.29},{"text":"representative","start":5348.29,"end":5349.13},{"text":"of","start":5349.13,"end":5349.29},{"text":"Greece","start":5349.29,"end":5349.85},{"text":"for","start":5349.85,"end":5350.33},{"text":"her","start":5350.33,"end":5350.57},{"text":"statement","start":5350.57,"end":5351.05},{"text":"and","start":5351.05,"end":5351.21},{"text":"give","start":5351.21,"end":5351.37},{"text":"the","start":5351.37,"end":5351.49},{"text":"floor","start":5351.49,"end":5351.93},{"text":"to","start":5351.93,"end":5352.09},{"text":"the","start":5352.09,"end":5352.25},{"text":"representative","start":5352.25,"end":5353.21},{"text":"of","start":5353.29,"end":5353.53},{"text":"the","start":5353.69,"end":5353.89},{"text":"United","start":5353.89,"end":5354.49},{"text":"States.","start":5354.49,"end":5355.13}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdulatif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":28,"start":5362.5,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=1:29:23","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Also, thank you to the briefers for their perspectives on the challenges facing the maritime domain.","start":5362.5,"end":5367.54,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. 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The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5445.33,"end":5445.45},{"text":"Houthis,","start":5445.49,"end":5446.01},{"text":"emboldened","start":5446.01,"end":5446.53},{"text":"by","start":5446.53,"end":5446.61},{"text":"Iranian","start":5446.61,"end":5447.17},{"text":"support,","start":5447.17,"end":5447.73},{"text":"terrorize","start":5447.97,"end":5448.85},{"text":"maritime","start":5448.93,"end":5449.49},{"text":"traffic","start":5449.49,"end":5449.89},{"text":"in","start":5449.89,"end":5450.01},{"text":"the","start":5450.01,"end":5450.09},{"text":"Red","start":5450.09,"end":5450.33},{"text":"Sea","start":5450.33,"end":5450.77},{"text":"and","start":5450.93,"end":5451.13},{"text":"the","start":5451.13,"end":5451.21},{"text":"Gulf","start":5451.21,"end":5451.41},{"text":"of","start":5451.41,"end":5451.57},{"text":"Aden","start":5451.61,"end":5452.05},{"text":"for","start":5452.13,"end":5452.37},{"text":"years,","start":5452.37,"end":5453.01},{"text":"affecting","start":5453.49,"end":5454.13},{"text":"nearly","start":5454.13,"end":5455.01},{"text":"30%","start":5455.01,"end":5455.05},{"text":"of","start":5455.05,"end":5455.13},{"text":"international","start":5455.13,"end":5456.73},{"text":"container","start":5456.73,"end":5457.25},{"text":"traffic.","start":5457.25,"end":5457.89}]},{"text":"Recently, the Houthis attacked Saudi commercial vessels while enforcing a self-declared embargo to dictate maritime traffic around Bab al-Mandeb.","start":5458.53,"end":5467.97,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Recently,","start":5458.53,"end":5459.09},{"text":"the","start":5459.09,"end":5459.17},{"text":"Houthis","start":5459.17,"end":5459.57},{"text":"attacked","start":5459.57,"end":5460.01},{"text":"Saudi","start":5460.01,"end":5460.37},{"text":"commercial","start":5460.37,"end":5460.89},{"text":"vessels","start":5460.89,"end":5461.49},{"text":"while","start":5461.69,"end":5462.01},{"text":"enforcing","start":5462.01,"end":5462.57},{"text":"a","start":5462.57,"end":5462.61},{"text":"self-declared","start":5462.61,"end":5463.57},{"text":"embargo","start":5463.65,"end":5464.45},{"text":"to","start":5464.85,"end":5464.97},{"text":"dictate","start":5464.97,"end":5465.57},{"text":"maritime","start":5465.65,"end":5466.21},{"text":"traffic","start":5466.21,"end":5466.77},{"text":"around","start":5466.77,"end":5467.17},{"text":"Bab","start":5467.17,"end":5467.45},{"text":"al-Mandeb.","start":5467.45,"end":5467.97}]},{"text":"These actions are in defiance of Security Council Resolutions 2216 and 2817 and will not be tolerated.","start":5468.93,"end":5477.41,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":5468.93,"end":5469.25},{"text":"actions","start":5469.25,"end":5469.61},{"text":"are","start":5469.61,"end":5469.73},{"text":"in","start":5469.73,"end":5469.81},{"text":"defiance","start":5469.81,"end":5470.77},{"text":"of","start":5470.77,"end":5470.85},{"text":"Security","start":5470.85,"end":5471.33},{"text":"Council","start":5471.33,"end":5471.73},{"text":"Resolutions","start":5471.73,"end":5472.53},{"text":"2216","start":5472.85,"end":5474.05},{"text":"and","start":5474.13,"end":5474.33},{"text":"2817","start":5474.33,"end":5475.49},{"text":"and","start":5475.89,"end":5476.05},{"text":"will","start":5476.05,"end":5476.25},{"text":"not","start":5476.25,"end":5476.53},{"text":"be","start":5476.53,"end":5476.61},{"text":"tolerated.","start":5476.61,"end":5477.41}]},{"text":"The United States will not stand by while Iran and its partners and proxies attempt to hold hostage the global economy.","start":5478.21,"end":5484.85,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5478.21,"end":5478.29},{"text":"United","start":5478.29,"end":5478.77},{"text":"States","start":5478.77,"end":5479.09},{"text":"will","start":5479.09,"end":5479.21},{"text":"not","start":5479.21,"end":5479.49},{"text":"stand","start":5479.49,"end":5479.73},{"text":"by","start":5479.73,"end":5479.93},{"text":"while","start":5479.93,"end":5480.17},{"text":"Iran","start":5480.17,"end":5480.53},{"text":"and","start":5480.53,"end":5480.65},{"text":"its","start":5480.65,"end":5480.77},{"text":"partners","start":5480.77,"end":5481.21},{"text":"and","start":5481.21,"end":5481.33},{"text":"proxies","start":5481.33,"end":5482.05},{"text":"attempt","start":5482.37,"end":5482.73},{"text":"to","start":5482.73,"end":5482.81},{"text":"hold","start":5482.81,"end":5483.05},{"text":"hostage","start":5483.05,"end":5483.65},{"text":"the","start":5483.65,"end":5483.73},{"text":"global","start":5483.73,"end":5484.09},{"text":"economy.","start":5484.09,"end":5484.85}]},{"text":"As President Trump made clear, the clock is ticking for Iran to end its attacks, remove its mines from the Strait of Hormuz, and allow for the free passage of commercial shipping and humanitarian goods.","start":5485.41,"end":5497.81,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":5485.41,"end":5485.65},{"text":"President","start":5485.65,"end":5486.09},{"text":"Trump","start":5486.09,"end":5486.37},{"text":"made","start":5486.37,"end":5486.61},{"text":"clear,","start":5486.61,"end":5487.17},{"text":"the","start":5487.41,"end":5487.57},{"text":"clock","start":5487.57,"end":5487.89},{"text":"is","start":5487.89,"end":5488.05},{"text":"ticking","start":5488.05,"end":5488.53},{"text":"for","start":5488.53,"end":5488.93},{"text":"Iran","start":5488.93,"end":5489.17},{"text":"to","start":5489.17,"end":5489.33},{"text":"end","start":5489.33,"end":5489.53},{"text":"its","start":5489.53,"end":5489.65},{"text":"attacks,","start":5489.65,"end":5490.37},{"text":"remove","start":5490.69,"end":5491.09},{"text":"its","start":5491.09,"end":5491.25},{"text":"mines","start":5491.25,"end":5491.53},{"text":"from","start":5491.53,"end":5491.69},{"text":"the","start":5491.69,"end":5491.77},{"text":"Strait","start":5491.77,"end":5492.05},{"text":"of","start":5492.05,"end":5492.17},{"text":"Hormuz,","start":5492.17,"end":5492.85},{"text":"and","start":5493.09,"end":5493.29},{"text":"allow","start":5493.29,"end":5493.57},{"text":"for","start":5493.57,"end":5493.81},{"text":"the","start":5493.81,"end":5493.89},{"text":"free","start":5493.89,"end":5494.29},{"text":"passage","start":5494.29,"end":5494.85},{"text":"of","start":5494.85,"end":5494.93},{"text":"commercial","start":5494.93,"end":5495.41},{"text":"shipping","start":5495.41,"end":5495.97},{"text":"and","start":5496.21,"end":5496.41},{"text":"humanitarian","start":5496.41,"end":5497.25},{"text":"goods.","start":5497.25,"end":5497.81}]},{"text":"Peace through strength remains our guiding principle.","start":5498.93,"end":5501.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Peace","start":5498.93,"end":5499.41},{"text":"through","start":5499.49,"end":5499.73},{"text":"strength","start":5499.73,"end":5500.29},{"text":"remains","start":5500.45,"end":5500.85},{"text":"our","start":5500.85,"end":5500.97},{"text":"guiding","start":5500.97,"end":5501.33},{"text":"principle.","start":5501.33,"end":5501.97}]},{"text":"Deterrence, backed by credible capability, preserves open sea lanes and protects innocent mariners.","start":5502.53,"end":5509.57,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"Deterrence,","start":5502.53,"end":5503.33},{"text":"backed","start":5503.65,"end":5503.93},{"text":"by","start":5503.93,"end":5504.05},{"text":"credible","start":5504.05,"end":5504.61},{"text":"capability,","start":5504.61,"end":5505.49},{"text":"preserves","start":5505.81,"end":5506.37},{"text":"open","start":5506.37,"end":5506.77},{"text":"sea","start":5506.77,"end":5507.01},{"text":"lanes","start":5507.01,"end":5507.57},{"text":"and","start":5507.57,"end":5507.73},{"text":"protects","start":5507.73,"end":5508.21},{"text":"innocent","start":5508.21,"end":5508.77},{"text":"mariners.","start":5508.77,"end":5509.57}]},{"text":"We urge all council members, including those who shield Iran from consequences, to stand firmly for the rule of international law and the safety of commercial shipping.","start":5510.21,"end":5521.01,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5510.21,"end":5510.37},{"text":"urge","start":5510.37,"end":5510.61},{"text":"all","start":5510.61,"end":5510.85},{"text":"council","start":5510.85,"end":5511.33},{"text":"members,","start":5511.33,"end":5511.89},{"text":"including","start":5512.21,"end":5512.93},{"text":"those","start":5512.93,"end":5513.33},{"text":"who","start":5513.33,"end":5513.49},{"text":"shield","start":5513.49,"end":5513.85},{"text":"Iran","start":5513.85,"end":5514.25},{"text":"from","start":5514.25,"end":5514.45},{"text":"consequences,","start":5514.45,"end":5515.57},{"text":"to","start":5515.81,"end":5515.93},{"text":"stand","start":5515.97,"end":5516.25},{"text":"firmly","start":5516.25,"end":5516.77},{"text":"for","start":5516.77,"end":5517.01},{"text":"the","start":5517.01,"end":5517.09},{"text":"rule","start":5517.09,"end":5517.49},{"text":"of","start":5517.49,"end":5517.57},{"text":"international","start":5517.57,"end":5518.45},{"text":"law","start":5518.45,"end":5518.69},{"text":"and","start":5519.09,"end":5519.29},{"text":"the","start":5519.29,"end":5519.41},{"text":"safety","start":5519.41,"end":5519.89},{"text":"of","start":5519.89,"end":5519.97},{"text":"commercial","start":5519.97,"end":5520.45},{"text":"shipping.","start":5520.45,"end":5521.01}]},{"text":"The United States stands ready to work with Bahrain, our Gulf partners, and this Council to build mechanisms for maritime security that protect seafarers, safeguard trade, and preserve peace.","start":5521.73,"end":5533.57,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. 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The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict 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Somalia.","start":5538.37,"end":5548.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5538.37,"end":5538.53},{"text":"thank","start":5538.53,"end":5538.85},{"text":"the","start":5538.85,"end":5538.97},{"text":"representative","start":5539.01,"end":5539.97},{"text":"of","start":5539.97,"end":5540.29},{"text":"the","start":5540.29,"end":5540.37},{"text":"United","start":5540.45,"end":5540.89},{"text":"States","start":5540.89,"end":5541.33},{"text":"for","start":5541.33,"end":5541.57},{"text":"her","start":5541.57,"end":5541.89},{"text":"statement","start":5541.89,"end":5542.85},{"text":"and","start":5542.85,"end":5543.09},{"text":"give","start":5543.17,"end":5543.41},{"text":"the","start":5543.41,"end":5543.57},{"text":"floor","start":5543.57,"end":5544.21},{"text":"to","start":5545.25,"end":5545.49},{"text":"the","start":5545.73,"end":5545.97},{"text":"representative","start":5545.97,"end":5546.85},{"text":"of","start":5546.85,"end":5547.09},{"text":"Somalia.","start":5547.97,"end":5548.77}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdulatif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":30,"start":5553.49,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=1:32:34","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Good afternoon, Mr. Chair.","start":5553.49,"end":5554.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Good","start":5553.49,"end":5553.61},{"text":"afternoon,","start":5553.65,"end":5554.05},{"text":"Mr.","start":5554.05,"end":5554.37},{"text":"Chair.","start":5554.37,"end":5554.61}]},{"text":"Somalia thanks the Kingdom of Bahrain for convening this timely Arria formula meeting.","start":5555.25,"end":5559.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Somalia","start":5555.25,"end":5555.65},{"text":"thanks","start":5555.65,"end":5556.09},{"text":"the","start":5556.09,"end":5556.17},{"text":"Kingdom","start":5556.17,"end":5556.49},{"text":"of","start":5556.49,"end":5556.57},{"text":"Bahrain","start":5556.57,"end":5557.09},{"text":"for","start":5557.09,"end":5557.25},{"text":"convening","start":5557.25,"end":5557.77},{"text":"this","start":5557.77,"end":5557.97},{"text":"timely","start":5557.97,"end":5558.41},{"text":"Arria","start":5558.41,"end":5558.69},{"text":"formula","start":5558.69,"end":5559.09},{"text":"meeting.","start":5559.09,"end":5559.41}]},{"text":"I warmly welcome His Excellency, the Prime Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Bahrain, who is chairing today's meeting, and thank you to our distinguished briefers for their valuable contributions.","start":5559.89,"end":5570.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":5559.89,"end":5560.05},{"text":"warmly","start":5560.05,"end":5560.41},{"text":"welcome","start":5560.41,"end":5560.85},{"text":"His","start":5560.85,"end":5561.01},{"text":"Excellency,","start":5561.01,"end":5562.05},{"text":"the","start":5562.37,"end":5562.53},{"text":"Prime","start":5562.53,"end":5562.73},{"text":"Minister","start":5562.73,"end":5563.13},{"text":"of","start":5563.13,"end":5563.21},{"text":"Foreign","start":5563.21,"end":5563.49},{"text":"Affairs","start":5563.49,"end":5563.97},{"text":"of","start":5564.17,"end":5564.29},{"text":"the","start":5564.29,"end":5564.37},{"text":"Kingdom","start":5564.37,"end":5564.73},{"text":"of","start":5564.73,"end":5564.81},{"text":"Bahrain,","start":5564.81,"end":5565.33},{"text":"who","start":5565.73,"end":5565.85},{"text":"is","start":5565.85,"end":5565.93},{"text":"chairing","start":5565.93,"end":5566.29},{"text":"today's","start":5566.29,"end":5566.65},{"text":"meeting,","start":5566.65,"end":5567.01},{"text":"and","start":5567.33,"end":5567.53},{"text":"thank","start":5567.53,"end":5567.73},{"text":"you","start":5567.73,"end":5567.85},{"text":"to","start":5567.85,"end":5567.93},{"text":"our","start":5567.93,"end":5568.09},{"text":"distinguished","start":5568.09,"end":5568.53},{"text":"briefers","start":5568.53,"end":5568.93},{"text":"for","start":5569.17,"end":5569.29},{"text":"their","start":5569.29,"end":5569.41},{"text":"valuable","start":5569.41,"end":5569.81},{"text":"contributions.","start":5569.81,"end":5570.69}]},{"text":"We welcome the opportunity to address maritime security, which is directly linked to international peace and security, global trade, economic stability, humanitarian access, and seafarer safety.","start":5571.73,"end":5583.01,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."},{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."},{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5571.73,"end":5571.89},{"text":"welcome","start":5571.89,"end":5572.21},{"text":"the","start":5572.21,"end":5572.33},{"text":"opportunity","start":5572.33,"end":5572.93},{"text":"to","start":5573.17,"end":5573.33},{"text":"address","start":5573.33,"end":5573.73},{"text":"maritime","start":5573.73,"end":5574.09},{"text":"security,","start":5574.09,"end":5574.61},{"text":"which","start":5574.93,"end":5575.17},{"text":"is","start":5575.17,"end":5575.25},{"text":"directly","start":5575.25,"end":5575.65},{"text":"linked","start":5575.65,"end":5576.05},{"text":"to","start":5576.13,"end":5576.25},{"text":"international","start":5576.25,"end":5576.77},{"text":"peace","start":5576.77,"end":5577.01},{"text":"and","start":5577.01,"end":5577.13},{"text":"security,","start":5577.13,"end":5577.73},{"text":"global","start":5578.05,"end":5578.37},{"text":"trade,","start":5578.37,"end":5578.85},{"text":"economic","start":5579.29,"end":5579.77},{"text":"stability,","start":5579.77,"end":5580.37},{"text":"humanitarian","start":5580.65,"end":5581.33},{"text":"access,","start":5581.33,"end":5581.81},{"text":"and","start":5581.89,"end":5582.05},{"text":"seafarer","start":5582.05,"end":5582.53},{"text":"safety.","start":5582.53,"end":5583.01}]},{"text":"For Somalia, With the longest coastline on mainland Africa and situated at the crossroads of the Indian Ocean, Gulf of Aden, and the Red Sea, the security and sustainable management of our maritime domain are matters of national and regional importance.","start":5583.81,"end":5599.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":5583.81,"end":5583.97},{"text":"Somalia,","start":5583.97,"end":5584.53},{"text":"With","start":5585.09,"end":5585.17},{"text":"the","start":5585.17,"end":5585.25},{"text":"longest","start":5585.25,"end":5585.65},{"text":"coastline","start":5585.65,"end":5586.21},{"text":"on","start":5586.21,"end":5586.37},{"text":"mainland","start":5586.37,"end":5586.73},{"text":"Africa","start":5586.73,"end":5587.25},{"text":"and","start":5587.49,"end":5587.65},{"text":"situated","start":5587.65,"end":5588.21},{"text":"at","start":5588.21,"end":5588.33},{"text":"the","start":5588.33,"end":5588.41},{"text":"crossroads","start":5588.41,"end":5589.05},{"text":"of","start":5589.05,"end":5589.13},{"text":"the","start":5589.13,"end":5589.21},{"text":"Indian","start":5589.21,"end":5589.57},{"text":"Ocean,","start":5589.57,"end":5589.97},{"text":"Gulf","start":5590.45,"end":5590.65},{"text":"of","start":5590.65,"end":5590.77},{"text":"Aden,","start":5590.89,"end":5591.25},{"text":"and","start":5591.57,"end":5591.73},{"text":"the","start":5591.73,"end":5591.81},{"text":"Red","start":5591.81,"end":5592.01},{"text":"Sea,","start":5592.01,"end":5592.33},{"text":"the","start":5593.09,"end":5593.17},{"text":"security","start":5593.17,"end":5593.81},{"text":"and","start":5593.81,"end":5594.13},{"text":"sustainable","start":5594.37,"end":5594.93},{"text":"management","start":5594.93,"end":5595.41},{"text":"of","start":5595.53,"end":5595.65},{"text":"our","start":5595.65,"end":5595.73},{"text":"maritime","start":5595.73,"end":5596.21},{"text":"domain","start":5596.21,"end":5596.69},{"text":"are","start":5596.93,"end":5597.09},{"text":"matters","start":5597.09,"end":5597.57},{"text":"of","start":5597.61,"end":5597.69},{"text":"national","start":5597.69,"end":5598.29},{"text":"and","start":5598.29,"end":5598.49},{"text":"regional","start":5598.49,"end":5598.85},{"text":"importance.","start":5598.85,"end":5599.49}]},{"text":"Recent disruptions in maritime navigation demonstrate how threats in one maritime area can affect energy flows, food security, global supply chains, and humanitarian operations.","start":5600.77,"end":5611.97,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."},{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"Recent","start":5600.77,"end":5601.13},{"text":"disruptions","start":5601.13,"end":5601.89},{"text":"in","start":5601.89,"end":5602.01},{"text":"maritime","start":5602.01,"end":5602.37},{"text":"navigation","start":5602.37,"end":5603.09},{"text":"demonstrate","start":5603.25,"end":5603.89},{"text":"how","start":5603.89,"end":5604.05},{"text":"threats","start":5604.05,"end":5604.53},{"text":"in","start":5604.61,"end":5604.77},{"text":"one","start":5604.77,"end":5604.93},{"text":"maritime","start":5604.93,"end":5605.37},{"text":"area","start":5605.37,"end":5605.73},{"text":"can","start":5606.13,"end":5606.29},{"text":"affect","start":5606.29,"end":5606.69},{"text":"energy","start":5606.69,"end":5607.09},{"text":"flows,","start":5607.09,"end":5607.65},{"text":"food","start":5607.89,"end":5608.05},{"text":"security,","start":5608.05,"end":5608.69},{"text":"global","start":5609.17,"end":5609.49},{"text":"supply","start":5609.49,"end":5609.81},{"text":"chains,","start":5609.81,"end":5610.29},{"text":"and","start":5610.53,"end":5610.65},{"text":"humanitarian","start":5610.65,"end":5611.25},{"text":"operations.","start":5611.25,"end":5611.97}]},{"text":"They also show how disruption at one maritime route can trigger cascading consequences across interconnected waterways and the global trading system.","start":5613.01,"end":5624.25,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":5613.01,"end":5613.17},{"text":"also","start":5613.17,"end":5613.49},{"text":"show","start":5613.49,"end":5613.89},{"text":"how","start":5614.25,"end":5614.45},{"text":"disruption","start":5614.45,"end":5615.13},{"text":"at","start":5615.13,"end":5615.33},{"text":"one","start":5615.33,"end":5615.53},{"text":"maritime","start":5615.53,"end":5616.09},{"text":"route","start":5616.49,"end":5617.13},{"text":"can","start":5617.53,"end":5617.69},{"text":"trigger","start":5617.69,"end":5618.01},{"text":"cascading","start":5618.01,"end":5618.57},{"text":"consequences","start":5618.57,"end":5619.37},{"text":"across","start":5619.53,"end":5620.01},{"text":"interconnected","start":5620.01,"end":5621.21},{"text":"waterways","start":5621.21,"end":5621.93},{"text":"and","start":5622.65,"end":5623.09},{"text":"the","start":5623.09,"end":5623.21},{"text":"global","start":5623.21,"end":5623.53},{"text":"trading","start":5623.53,"end":5623.85},{"text":"system.","start":5623.85,"end":5624.25}]},{"text":"In this vein, Somalia wishes to emphasize the following points.","start":5624.89,"end":5628.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":5624.89,"end":5624.97},{"text":"this","start":5624.97,"end":5625.25},{"text":"vein,","start":5625.25,"end":5625.61},{"text":"Somalia","start":5626.01,"end":5626.49},{"text":"wishes","start":5626.49,"end":5626.89},{"text":"to","start":5626.89,"end":5627.01},{"text":"emphasize","start":5627.01,"end":5627.45},{"text":"the","start":5627.45,"end":5627.53},{"text":"following","start":5627.53,"end":5627.93},{"text":"points.","start":5627.93,"end":5628.33}]},{"text":"First, international law must remain the foundation of maritime security.","start":5628.97,"end":5633.29,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":5628.97,"end":5629.45},{"text":"international","start":5629.77,"end":5630.49},{"text":"law","start":5630.49,"end":5630.65},{"text":"must","start":5630.89,"end":5631.21},{"text":"remain","start":5631.21,"end":5631.53},{"text":"the","start":5631.53,"end":5631.65},{"text":"foundation","start":5631.65,"end":5632.25},{"text":"of","start":5632.25,"end":5632.41},{"text":"maritime","start":5632.41,"end":5632.81},{"text":"security.","start":5632.81,"end":5633.29}]},{"text":"UNCLOS and other relevant instruments provide the legal framework for activities at sea, including navigation through straits used for international navigation.","start":5633.73,"end":5643.45,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"UNCLOS","start":5633.73,"end":5634.81},{"text":"and","start":5634.85,"end":5635.09},{"text":"other","start":5635.09,"end":5635.29},{"text":"relevant","start":5635.29,"end":5635.69},{"text":"instruments","start":5635.69,"end":5636.33},{"text":"provide","start":5636.57,"end":5636.93},{"text":"the","start":5636.93,"end":5637.01},{"text":"legal","start":5637.01,"end":5637.29},{"text":"framework","start":5637.29,"end":5637.85},{"text":"for","start":5637.85,"end":5637.97},{"text":"activities","start":5637.97,"end":5638.41},{"text":"at","start":5638.41,"end":5638.53},{"text":"sea,","start":5638.53,"end":5638.81},{"text":"including","start":5639.21,"end":5639.69},{"text":"navigation","start":5639.69,"end":5640.33},{"text":"through","start":5640.53,"end":5640.73},{"text":"straits","start":5640.73,"end":5641.29},{"text":"used","start":5641.37,"end":5641.85},{"text":"for","start":5641.85,"end":5642.01},{"text":"international","start":5642.01,"end":5642.65},{"text":"navigation.","start":5642.73,"end":5643.45}]},{"text":"freedom of navigation, and the right to transit passage must be respected, with due regard for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and legitimate security interests of coastal states.","start":5644.45,"end":5655.01,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"freedom","start":5644.45,"end":5644.77},{"text":"of","start":5644.77,"end":5644.89},{"text":"navigation,","start":5644.89,"end":5645.65},{"text":"and","start":5645.89,"end":5646.05},{"text":"the","start":5646.05,"end":5646.13},{"text":"right","start":5646.13,"end":5646.33},{"text":"to","start":5646.33,"end":5646.41},{"text":"transit","start":5646.41,"end":5646.85},{"text":"passage","start":5646.85,"end":5647.41},{"text":"must","start":5647.57,"end":5647.85},{"text":"be","start":5647.85,"end":5647.97},{"text":"respected,","start":5647.97,"end":5648.53},{"text":"with","start":5649.09,"end":5649.33},{"text":"due","start":5649.33,"end":5649.49},{"text":"regard","start":5649.49,"end":5650.05},{"text":"for","start":5650.13,"end":5650.25},{"text":"the","start":5650.25,"end":5650.37},{"text":"sovereignty,","start":5650.37,"end":5651.01},{"text":"territorial","start":5651.25,"end":5651.85},{"text":"integrity,","start":5651.85,"end":5652.45},{"text":"and","start":5652.69,"end":5652.89},{"text":"legitimate","start":5652.89,"end":5653.33},{"text":"security","start":5653.33,"end":5653.77},{"text":"interests","start":5653.77,"end":5654.21},{"text":"of","start":5654.21,"end":5654.29},{"text":"coastal","start":5654.29,"end":5654.57},{"text":"states.","start":5654.57,"end":5655.01}]},{"text":"As reaffirmed by Security Council Resolution 2817, transit passage must not be unlawfully impeded.","start":5655.81,"end":5662.61,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":5655.81,"end":5656.05},{"text":"reaffirmed","start":5656.05,"end":5656.69},{"text":"by","start":5656.77,"end":5656.93},{"text":"Security","start":5656.93,"end":5657.37},{"text":"Council","start":5657.37,"end":5657.65},{"text":"Resolution","start":5657.65,"end":5658.21},{"text":"2817,","start":5658.37,"end":5659.41},{"text":"transit","start":5659.81,"end":5660.21},{"text":"passage","start":5660.21,"end":5660.69},{"text":"must","start":5660.93,"end":5661.25},{"text":"not","start":5661.25,"end":5661.41},{"text":"be","start":5661.41,"end":5661.57},{"text":"unlawfully","start":5661.57,"end":5662.09},{"text":"impeded.","start":5662.09,"end":5662.61}]},{"text":"Navigational rights must be upheld to ensure safe, secure, and commercially viable passage.","start":5663.33,"end":5670.13,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5677.57,"end":5677.69},{"text":"need","start":5677.69,"end":5677.89},{"text":"stronger","start":5677.89,"end":5678.29},{"text":"maritime","start":5678.29,"end":5678.77},{"text":"domain","start":5678.77,"end":5679.05},{"text":"awareness,","start":5679.05,"end":5679.65},{"text":"information","start":5679.97,"end":5680.53},{"text":"sharing,","start":5680.53,"end":5681.09},{"text":"early","start":5681.41,"end":5681.73},{"text":"warning,","start":5681.73,"end":5682.21},{"text":"and","start":5682.45,"end":5682.61},{"text":"crisis","start":5682.61,"end":5683.01},{"text":"communication,","start":5683.01,"end":5683.73},{"text":"as","start":5684.17,"end":5684.25},{"text":"well","start":5684.25,"end":5684.41},{"text":"as","start":5684.41,"end":5684.53},{"text":"contingency","start":5684.53,"end":5685.17},{"text":"planning","start":5685.17,"end":5685.65},{"text":"for","start":5685.73,"end":5685.89},{"text":"simultaneous","start":5685.89,"end":5686.69},{"text":"or","start":5686.69,"end":5686.93},{"text":"cascading","start":5686.93,"end":5687.41},{"text":"disruptions.","start":5687.41,"end":5688.05}]},{"text":"We must prepare for overlapping crises.","start":5688.77,"end":5690.61,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5688.77,"end":5688.89},{"text":"must","start":5688.89,"end":5689.13},{"text":"prepare","start":5689.13,"end":5689.45},{"text":"for","start":5689.45,"end":5689.57},{"text":"overlapping","start":5689.57,"end":5690.13},{"text":"crises.","start":5690.13,"end":5690.61}]},{"text":"Contingency planning should consider simultaneous disruptions across interconnected waterways and their effects on ports, fuel supplies, insurance, food supply chains, and humanitarian deliveries, particularly where alternative routes are limited.","start":5691.09,"end":5707.69,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. 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you, Mr. President.","start":5804.53,"end":5805.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":5804.53,"end":5804.69},{"text":"you,","start":5804.69,"end":5804.77},{"text":"Mr.","start":5804.77,"end":5805.05},{"text":"President.","start":5805.05,"end":5805.49}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"SOM","affiliation_full":"Somalia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":31,"start":5810.33,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=1:36:51","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the representative of Somalia for her statement and give the floor to the representative of 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Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":32,"start":5823.67,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=1:37:04","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. Chairman, distinguished Minister Al-Zayani, we welcome your personal chairmanship of today's informal Rio Formula meeting of Security Council members, and we thank the briefers for their statements and their contribution to this 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same time, we would like to, from the outset, state that issues of maritime security are not directly related to the mandate of the Security Council.","start":5843.05,"end":5852.97,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. 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Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":5853.45,"end":5854.01},{"text":"have","start":5854.01,"end":5854.65},{"text":"consistently","start":5854.65,"end":5855.77},{"text":"worked","start":5855.77,"end":5856.17},{"text":"on","start":5856.17,"end":5856.33},{"text":"the","start":5856.33,"end":5856.49},{"text":"basis","start":5856.49,"end":5856.89},{"text":"of","start":5856.89,"end":5857.01},{"text":"the","start":5857.01,"end":5857.09},{"text":"understanding","start":5857.09,"end":5857.93},{"text":"that,","start":5857.93,"end":5858.49},{"text":"in","start":5858.49,"end":5858.65},{"text":"order","start":5858.65,"end":5858.97},{"text":"to","start":5858.97,"end":5859.13},{"text":"have","start":5859.13,"end":5859.29},{"text":"a","start":5859.29,"end":5859.37},{"text":"substantive","start":5859.37,"end":5860.01},{"text":"consideration","start":5860.01,"end":5860.73},{"text":"of","start":5860.73,"end":5860.89},{"text":"them,","start":5860.89,"end":5861.93},{"text":"there","start":5861.93,"end":5862.13},{"text":"exist","start":5862.13,"end":5862.57},{"text":"other","start":5862.57,"end":5862.81},{"text":"specialized","start":5862.81,"end":5863.53},{"text":"forums.","start":5863.53,"end":5864.01}]},{"text":"It is regrettable that the concept note for today's meeting does not mention in any way the most serious and a truly global challenge to navigation in the world's ocean.","start":5864.69,"end":5874.13,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":5864.69,"end":5864.81},{"text":"is","start":5864.81,"end":5864.93},{"text":"regrettable","start":5864.93,"end":5865.57},{"text":"that","start":5865.57,"end":5865.77},{"text":"the","start":5865.77,"end":5865.89},{"text":"concept","start":5865.89,"end":5866.33},{"text":"note","start":5866.33,"end":5866.53},{"text":"for","start":5866.53,"end":5866.69},{"text":"today's","start":5866.69,"end":5867.05},{"text":"meeting","start":5867.05,"end":5867.37},{"text":"does","start":5867.37,"end":5867.53},{"text":"not","start":5867.53,"end":5867.73},{"text":"mention","start":5867.73,"end":5868.29},{"text":"in","start":5868.29,"end":5868.69},{"text":"any","start":5868.69,"end":5868.93},{"text":"way","start":5868.93,"end":5869.25},{"text":"the","start":5869.25,"end":5869.41},{"text":"most","start":5869.41,"end":5869.89},{"text":"serious","start":5869.89,"end":5870.45},{"text":"and","start":5870.45,"end":5870.65},{"text":"a","start":5870.65,"end":5870.69},{"text":"truly","start":5870.69,"end":5870.93},{"text":"global","start":5870.93,"end":5871.57},{"text":"challenge","start":5871.57,"end":5872.13},{"text":"to","start":5872.13,"end":5872.29},{"text":"navigation","start":5872.29,"end":5873.01},{"text":"in","start":5873.01,"end":5873.17},{"text":"the","start":5873.17,"end":5873.25},{"text":"world's","start":5873.25,"end":5873.77},{"text":"ocean.","start":5873.77,"end":5874.13}]},{"text":"And we refer to attempts by European Union countries and the United Kingdom, relying on the unilateral coercive measures illegally imposed by themselves in violation of international law to seize civilian vessels.","start":5874.61,"end":5890.85,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":5874.61,"end":5875.09},{"text":"we","start":5875.09,"end":5875.41},{"text":"refer","start":5875.41,"end":5875.97},{"text":"to","start":5875.97,"end":5876.29},{"text":"attempts","start":5876.29,"end":5876.85},{"text":"by","start":5876.85,"end":5877.41},{"text":"European","start":5877.41,"end":5877.89},{"text":"Union","start":5877.89,"end":5878.21},{"text":"countries","start":5878.21,"end":5878.85},{"text":"and","start":5878.85,"end":5879.13},{"text":"the","start":5879.13,"end":5879.21},{"text":"United","start":5879.21,"end":5879.61},{"text":"Kingdom,","start":5879.61,"end":5880.21},{"text":"relying","start":5880.69,"end":5881.49},{"text":"on","start":5881.49,"end":5882.05},{"text":"the","start":5882.21,"end":5882.33},{"text":"unilateral","start":5882.33,"end":5883.73},{"text":"coercive","start":5883.89,"end":5884.61},{"text":"measures","start":5884.61,"end":5885.09},{"text":"illegally","start":5885.09,"end":5885.81},{"text":"imposed","start":5885.81,"end":5886.37},{"text":"by","start":5886.37,"end":5886.61},{"text":"themselves","start":5886.61,"end":5887.17},{"text":"in","start":5887.17,"end":5887.41},{"text":"violation","start":5887.41,"end":5887.97},{"text":"of","start":5887.97,"end":5888.09},{"text":"international","start":5888.09,"end":5888.81},{"text":"law","start":5888.81,"end":5889.09},{"text":"to","start":5889.25,"end":5889.49},{"text":"seize","start":5889.49,"end":5889.81},{"text":"civilian","start":5889.81,"end":5890.29},{"text":"vessels.","start":5890.29,"end":5890.85}]},{"text":"Such actions constitute a gross violation of the fundamental provisions of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which guarantees freedom of navigation and the right of peaceful and transit passage.","start":5891.25,"end":5907.73,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Such","start":5891.25,"end":5891.65},{"text":"actions","start":5891.65,"end":5892.37},{"text":"constitute","start":5892.77,"end":5893.61},{"text":"a","start":5893.61,"end":5893.65},{"text":"gross","start":5893.65,"end":5894.21},{"text":"violation","start":5894.21,"end":5895.01},{"text":"of","start":5895.01,"end":5895.17},{"text":"the","start":5895.17,"end":5895.33},{"text":"fundamental","start":5895.33,"end":5896.05},{"text":"provisions","start":5896.05,"end":5896.93},{"text":"of","start":5896.93,"end":5897.41},{"text":"the","start":5897.49,"end":5897.77},{"text":"1982","start":5898.21,"end":5900.13},{"text":"United","start":5900.13,"end":5900.57},{"text":"Nations","start":5900.57,"end":5900.93},{"text":"Convention","start":5900.93,"end":5901.41},{"text":"on","start":5901.41,"end":5901.57},{"text":"the","start":5901.57,"end":5901.65},{"text":"Law","start":5901.65,"end":5901.85},{"text":"of","start":5901.85,"end":5901.93},{"text":"the","start":5901.93,"end":5902.01},{"text":"Sea,","start":5902.01,"end":5902.45},{"text":"which","start":5902.61,"end":5902.93},{"text":"guarantees","start":5902.93,"end":5903.69},{"text":"freedom","start":5903.69,"end":5904.05},{"text":"of","start":5904.05,"end":5904.21},{"text":"navigation","start":5904.21,"end":5904.93},{"text":"and","start":5905.25,"end":5905.45},{"text":"the","start":5905.45,"end":5905.57},{"text":"right","start":5905.57,"end":5905.81},{"text":"of","start":5905.81,"end":5905.89},{"text":"peaceful","start":5905.89,"end":5906.45},{"text":"and","start":5906.45,"end":5906.65},{"text":"transit","start":5906.65,"end":5907.17},{"text":"passage.","start":5907.17,"end":5907.73}]},{"text":"They undermine the very foundation of the stability and predictability of supply chains and, as a consequence, create a serious threat to global trade, a significant part of which is carried out by sea.","start":5908.13,"end":5921.25,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":5908.13,"end":5908.45},{"text":"undermine","start":5908.45,"end":5909.01},{"text":"the","start":5909.01,"end":5909.13},{"text":"very","start":5909.13,"end":5909.41},{"text":"foundation","start":5909.41,"end":5910.17},{"text":"of","start":5910.17,"end":5910.25},{"text":"the","start":5910.25,"end":5910.33},{"text":"stability","start":5910.33,"end":5911.09},{"text":"and","start":5911.09,"end":5911.33},{"text":"predictability","start":5911.33,"end":5912.13},{"text":"of","start":5912.13,"end":5912.21},{"text":"supply","start":5912.21,"end":5912.69},{"text":"chains","start":5912.69,"end":5913.17},{"text":"and,","start":5913.17,"end":5913.73},{"text":"as","start":5913.73,"end":5913.97},{"text":"a","start":5913.97,"end":5914.05},{"text":"consequence,","start":5914.05,"end":5914.77},{"text":"create","start":5915.09,"end":5915.61},{"text":"a","start":5915.61,"end":5915.65},{"text":"serious","start":5915.65,"end":5916.21},{"text":"threat","start":5916.21,"end":5916.65},{"text":"to","start":5916.65,"end":5916.73},{"text":"global","start":5916.73,"end":5917.01},{"text":"trade,","start":5917.01,"end":5917.57},{"text":"a","start":5917.97,"end":5918.01},{"text":"significant","start":5918.01,"end":5918.69},{"text":"part","start":5918.69,"end":5919.09},{"text":"of","start":5919.09,"end":5919.37},{"text":"which","start":5919.37,"end":5919.73},{"text":"is","start":5919.73,"end":5919.97},{"text":"carried","start":5919.97,"end":5920.45},{"text":"out","start":5920.45,"end":5920.61},{"text":"by","start":5920.61,"end":5920.85},{"text":"sea.","start":5920.85,"end":5921.25}]},{"text":"The stability and predictability of maritime logistics are important for all countries, and for small island states or coastal developing states, this is in actual fact a matter of survival.","start":5922.45,"end":5935.81,"topics":[{"key":"vulnerable-economies","label":"Vulnerable Economies and Small States","description":"A consistent concern was the disproportionate impact of maritime disruption on developing countries, small island states, landlocked countries, and import-dependent economies. Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5922.45,"end":5922.57},{"text":"stability","start":5922.61,"end":5923.41},{"text":"and","start":5923.41,"end":5923.65},{"text":"predictability","start":5923.65,"end":5924.53},{"text":"of","start":5924.53,"end":5924.69},{"text":"maritime","start":5924.69,"end":5925.25},{"text":"logistics","start":5925.25,"end":5926.05},{"text":"are","start":5926.29,"end":5926.45},{"text":"important","start":5926.45,"end":5926.89},{"text":"for","start":5926.89,"end":5927.05},{"text":"all","start":5927.05,"end":5927.17},{"text":"countries,","start":5927.17,"end":5927.89},{"text":"and","start":5928.13,"end":5928.37},{"text":"for","start":5928.37,"end":5928.69},{"text":"small","start":5928.69,"end":5929.17},{"text":"island","start":5929.25,"end":5929.65},{"text":"states","start":5929.65,"end":5930.21},{"text":"or","start":5930.21,"end":5930.29},{"text":"coastal","start":5930.29,"end":5930.77},{"text":"developing","start":5930.77,"end":5931.49},{"text":"states,","start":5931.49,"end":5932.37},{"text":"this","start":5932.85,"end":5933.25},{"text":"is","start":5933.25,"end":5933.57},{"text":"in","start":5933.73,"end":5933.89},{"text":"actual","start":5933.89,"end":5934.21},{"text":"fact","start":5934.21,"end":5934.57},{"text":"a","start":5934.57,"end":5934.61},{"text":"matter","start":5934.61,"end":5935.05},{"text":"of","start":5935.05,"end":5935.17},{"text":"survival.","start":5935.17,"end":5935.81}]},{"text":"The imposition by the collective West of illegal unilateral coercive measures in addition to affecting the countries against which they are directed, also impacts an unlimited number of third states for which the consequences of it may range from higher prices of certain types of goods to disruptions in the supply of critically important goods, including such things as food and hydrocarbons.","start":5936.45,"end":5962.13,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."},{"key":"vulnerable-economies","label":"Vulnerable Economies and Small States","description":"A consistent concern was the disproportionate impact of maritime disruption on developing countries, small island states, landlocked countries, and import-dependent economies. Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":5936.45,"end":5936.57},{"text":"imposition","start":5936.61,"end":5937.49},{"text":"by","start":5937.49,"end":5937.81},{"text":"the","start":5937.81,"end":5937.89},{"text":"collective","start":5937.89,"end":5938.45},{"text":"West","start":5938.53,"end":5939.01},{"text":"of","start":5939.01,"end":5939.33},{"text":"illegal","start":5939.33,"end":5939.89},{"text":"unilateral","start":5939.89,"end":5940.53},{"text":"coercive","start":5940.53,"end":5941.01},{"text":"measures","start":5941.01,"end":5941.65},{"text":"in","start":5942.13,"end":5942.29},{"text":"addition","start":5942.29,"end":5942.73},{"text":"to","start":5942.73,"end":5942.81},{"text":"affecting","start":5942.81,"end":5943.37},{"text":"the","start":5943.37,"end":5943.45},{"text":"countries","start":5943.45,"end":5943.89},{"text":"against","start":5943.89,"end":5944.45},{"text":"which","start":5944.45,"end":5944.93},{"text":"they","start":5944.93,"end":5945.09},{"text":"are","start":5945.09,"end":5945.25},{"text":"directed,","start":5945.25,"end":5945.89},{"text":"also","start":5945.89,"end":5946.37},{"text":"impacts","start":5946.37,"end":5947.09},{"text":"an","start":5947.17,"end":5947.41},{"text":"unlimited","start":5947.41,"end":5948.37},{"text":"number","start":5948.37,"end":5948.85},{"text":"of","start":5948.85,"end":5948.93},{"text":"third","start":5948.93,"end":5949.33},{"text":"states","start":5949.33,"end":5949.81},{"text":"for","start":5950.21,"end":5950.37},{"text":"which","start":5950.37,"end":5950.77},{"text":"the","start":5950.77,"end":5950.89},{"text":"consequences","start":5950.89,"end":5951.89},{"text":"of","start":5951.89,"end":5952.05},{"text":"it","start":5952.05,"end":5952.29},{"text":"may","start":5952.29,"end":5952.61},{"text":"range","start":5952.61,"end":5953.17},{"text":"from","start":5953.17,"end":5953.41},{"text":"higher","start":5953.41,"end":5953.73},{"text":"prices","start":5953.73,"end":5954.21},{"text":"of","start":5954.21,"end":5954.29},{"text":"certain","start":5954.29,"end":5954.61},{"text":"types","start":5954.61,"end":5954.93},{"text":"of","start":5954.93,"end":5955.01},{"text":"goods","start":5955.01,"end":5955.49},{"text":"to","start":5955.89,"end":5956.13},{"text":"disruptions","start":5956.13,"end":5957.01},{"text":"in","start":5957.01,"end":5957.33},{"text":"the","start":5957.33,"end":5957.45},{"text":"supply","start":5957.45,"end":5957.89},{"text":"of","start":5957.89,"end":5958.05},{"text":"critically","start":5958.05,"end":5958.45},{"text":"important","start":5958.45,"end":5958.93},{"text":"goods,","start":5958.93,"end":5959.33},{"text":"including","start":5959.49,"end":5960.05},{"text":"such","start":5960.05,"end":5960.45},{"text":"things","start":5960.45,"end":5960.85},{"text":"as","start":5960.85,"end":5960.93},{"text":"food","start":5960.93,"end":5961.21},{"text":"and","start":5961.21,"end":5961.33},{"text":"hydrocarbons.","start":5961.33,"end":5962.13}]},{"text":"Both the unilateral coercive measures that contravene international law and the restrictions on freedom of navigation, which are their unlawful consequence, accompanied by attaching to vessels the label of belonging to so-called shadow fleet, pursue one and the same objective in securing their own dominance through unfair competition by non-economic means.","start":5963.81,"end":5992.65,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6007.49,"end":6008.05},{"text":"we","start":6008.53,"end":6009.41},{"text":"think","start":6009.41,"end":6009.73},{"text":"it's","start":6009.73,"end":6010.01},{"text":"unnecessary","start":6010.01,"end":6010.77},{"text":"to","start":6010.77,"end":6011.01},{"text":"explain","start":6011.01,"end":6011.89},{"text":"what","start":6011.89,"end":6012.13},{"text":"such","start":6012.13,"end":6012.33},{"text":"a","start":6012.33,"end":6012.37},{"text":"situation","start":6012.37,"end":6013.01},{"text":"means","start":6013.01,"end":6013.49},{"text":"for","start":6013.49,"end":6013.81},{"text":"states","start":6013.81,"end":6014.25},{"text":"significantly","start":6014.25,"end":6015.01},{"text":"or","start":6015.01,"end":6015.21},{"text":"entirely","start":6015.21,"end":6015.69},{"text":"dependent","start":6015.69,"end":6016.17},{"text":"on","start":6016.17,"end":6016.25},{"text":"maritime","start":6016.25,"end":6016.73},{"text":"transport.","start":6016.73,"end":6017.33}]},{"text":"We would like also to separately emphasize that neither international law nor the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea does the concept of a shadow fleet exist.","start":6018.17,"end":6029.05,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6018.17,"end":6018.57},{"text":"would","start":6018.57,"end":6018.73},{"text":"like","start":6018.73,"end":6019.13},{"text":"also","start":6019.13,"end":6019.69},{"text":"to","start":6019.69,"end":6019.89},{"text":"separately","start":6019.89,"end":6020.37},{"text":"emphasize","start":6020.37,"end":6021.13},{"text":"that","start":6021.13,"end":6021.45},{"text":"neither","start":6021.45,"end":6021.93},{"text":"international","start":6021.93,"end":6022.65},{"text":"law","start":6022.65,"end":6022.81},{"text":"nor","start":6022.81,"end":6023.21},{"text":"the","start":6023.21,"end":6023.37},{"text":"United","start":6023.37,"end":6023.77},{"text":"Nations","start":6023.77,"end":6024.09},{"text":"Convention","start":6024.09,"end":6024.57},{"text":"on","start":6024.57,"end":6024.65},{"text":"the","start":6024.65,"end":6024.77},{"text":"Law","start":6024.77,"end":6024.93},{"text":"of","start":6024.93,"end":6025.05},{"text":"the","start":6025.05,"end":6025.17},{"text":"Sea","start":6025.17,"end":6025.69},{"text":"does","start":6025.69,"end":6026.05},{"text":"the","start":6026.05,"end":6026.13},{"text":"concept","start":6026.13,"end":6026.81},{"text":"of","start":6026.81,"end":6027.37},{"text":"a","start":6027.45,"end":6027.49},{"text":"shadow","start":6027.49,"end":6027.93},{"text":"fleet","start":6027.93,"end":6028.33},{"text":"exist.","start":6028.33,"end":6029.05}]},{"text":"Neither any mention of it nor any reference to unilateral coercive measures can be found in the strictly limited list of grounds for stopping and inspecting vessels at sea.","start":6029.37,"end":6039.37,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6065.45,"end":6065.65},{"text":"escalation","start":6065.93,"end":6066.73},{"text":"observed","start":6066.73,"end":6067.53},{"text":"there","start":6067.61,"end":6068.17},{"text":"is","start":6068.33,"end":6068.65},{"text":"a","start":6068.65,"end":6068.69},{"text":"direct","start":6068.69,"end":6069.29},{"text":"consequence","start":6069.29,"end":6070.09},{"text":"of","start":6070.33,"end":6070.49},{"text":"the","start":6070.49,"end":6070.65},{"text":"reckless","start":6070.65,"end":6071.45},{"text":"American-Israeli","start":6071.45,"end":6072.81},{"text":"military","start":6072.81,"end":6073.29},{"text":"adventure.","start":6073.29,"end":6073.85}]},{"text":"And it was precisely the unprovoked aggression against Iran that set an entire region ablaze.","start":6074.61,"end":6080.53,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. 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our part, we also stand ready to provide all the necessary support.","start":6130.57,"end":6134.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"For","start":6130.57,"end":6130.89},{"text":"our","start":6130.89,"end":6131.05},{"text":"part,","start":6131.05,"end":6131.45},{"text":"we","start":6131.45,"end":6131.61},{"text":"also","start":6131.61,"end":6131.93},{"text":"stand","start":6131.93,"end":6132.41},{"text":"ready","start":6132.41,"end":6132.73},{"text":"to","start":6132.73,"end":6132.89},{"text":"provide","start":6132.89,"end":6133.61},{"text":"all","start":6133.61,"end":6133.77},{"text":"the","start":6133.77,"end":6133.89},{"text":"necessary","start":6133.89,"end":6134.41},{"text":"support.","start":6134.41,"end":6134.97}]},{"text":"I thank you for your 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Colombia.","start":6139.85,"end":6144.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6139.85,"end":6140.01},{"text":"thank","start":6140.01,"end":6140.33},{"text":"the","start":6140.33,"end":6140.41},{"text":"representative","start":6140.41,"end":6141.21},{"text":"of","start":6141.21,"end":6141.29},{"text":"Russia","start":6141.29,"end":6141.61},{"text":"for","start":6141.61,"end":6141.77},{"text":"her","start":6141.77,"end":6142.01},{"text":"statement","start":6142.01,"end":6142.65},{"text":"and","start":6142.65,"end":6142.81},{"text":"give","start":6142.81,"end":6142.97},{"text":"the","start":6142.97,"end":6143.13},{"text":"floor","start":6143.13,"end":6143.53},{"text":"to","start":6143.61,"end":6143.85},{"text":"Colombia.","start":6143.85,"end":6144.57}]},{"text":"The floor is 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us.","start":6157.21,"end":6165.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Allow","start":6157.21,"end":6157.37},{"text":"me","start":6157.37,"end":6157.65},{"text":"to","start":6157.65,"end":6157.89},{"text":"congratulate","start":6157.89,"end":6158.57},{"text":"the","start":6158.57,"end":6158.65},{"text":"Kingdom","start":6158.65,"end":6159.09},{"text":"of","start":6159.09,"end":6159.17},{"text":"Bahrain","start":6159.17,"end":6159.89},{"text":"for","start":6159.89,"end":6160.21},{"text":"convening","start":6160.45,"end":6160.93},{"text":"this","start":6160.93,"end":6161.09},{"text":"very","start":6161.09,"end":6161.49},{"text":"valuable","start":6161.53,"end":6161.97},{"text":"debate","start":6161.97,"end":6162.45},{"text":"on","start":6162.77,"end":6163.17},{"text":"a","start":6163.17,"end":6163.25},{"text":"subject","start":6163.25,"end":6163.73},{"text":"of","start":6163.73,"end":6163.81},{"text":"concern","start":6163.81,"end":6164.21},{"text":"to","start":6164.21,"end":6164.37},{"text":"all","start":6164.45,"end":6164.65},{"text":"of","start":6164.65,"end":6164.77},{"text":"us.","start":6164.77,"end":6165.17}]},{"text":"And I'd like to welcome the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Bahrain leading our discussions today.","start":6165.65,"end":6172.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6165.65,"end":6165.89},{"text":"I'd","start":6165.89,"end":6166.09},{"text":"like","start":6166.09,"end":6166.25},{"text":"to","start":6166.25,"end":6166.69},{"text":"welcome","start":6166.85,"end":6167.49},{"text":"the","start":6167.49,"end":6167.65},{"text":"Minister","start":6167.65,"end":6168.13},{"text":"of","start":6168.13,"end":6168.21},{"text":"Foreign","start":6168.21,"end":6168.61},{"text":"Affairs","start":6168.61,"end":6169.25},{"text":"of","start":6169.73,"end":6170.05},{"text":"Bahrain","start":6170.13,"end":6170.69},{"text":"leading","start":6170.93,"end":6171.25},{"text":"our","start":6171.25,"end":6171.37},{"text":"discussions","start":6171.37,"end":6172.05},{"text":"today.","start":6172.05,"end":6172.61}]},{"text":"Colombia would like to begin by expressing our deep concern at the developments in the Middle East.","start":6173.01,"end":6178.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Colombia","start":6173.01,"end":6173.33},{"text":"would","start":6173.33,"end":6173.45},{"text":"like","start":6173.45,"end":6173.61},{"text":"to","start":6173.61,"end":6173.81},{"text":"begin","start":6173.81,"end":6174.21},{"text":"by","start":6174.21,"end":6174.33},{"text":"expressing","start":6174.33,"end":6174.85},{"text":"our","start":6174.85,"end":6174.93},{"text":"deep","start":6175.01,"end":6175.33},{"text":"concern","start":6175.33,"end":6176.05},{"text":"at","start":6176.21,"end":6176.53},{"text":"the","start":6176.53,"end":6176.65},{"text":"developments","start":6176.65,"end":6177.73},{"text":"in","start":6177.73,"end":6177.89},{"text":"the","start":6177.89,"end":6177.97},{"text":"Middle","start":6177.97,"end":6178.29},{"text":"East.","start":6178.29,"end":6178.77}]},{"text":"This is clearly not a de-escalation, it's an escalation of the conflict with the corresponding loss of human lives and with ongoing disruption to the freedom of navigation and its harmful effects for international peace and security.","start":6181.13,"end":6199.93,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"Colombia","start":6201.41,"end":6202.01},{"text":"also","start":6202.01,"end":6202.53},{"text":"recognizes","start":6202.53,"end":6203.57},{"text":"the","start":6203.57,"end":6203.69},{"text":"strategic","start":6204.05,"end":6204.77},{"text":"importance","start":6205.01,"end":6205.89},{"text":"of","start":6206.05,"end":6206.29},{"text":"the","start":6206.29,"end":6206.53},{"text":"straits","start":6206.53,"end":6207.09},{"text":"for","start":6207.09,"end":6207.29},{"text":"international","start":6207.29,"end":6208.29},{"text":"commerce,","start":6208.37,"end":6209.01},{"text":"energy","start":6209.33,"end":6209.73},{"text":"security,","start":6209.73,"end":6210.53},{"text":"and","start":6210.69,"end":6211.01},{"text":"food","start":6211.01,"end":6211.29},{"text":"security.","start":6211.29,"end":6211.97}]},{"text":"Anything that disrupts safe shipping has impacts beyond the region where this is happening, and it particularly disproportionately affects developing countries.","start":6214.37,"end":6227.01,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. 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Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"Anything","start":6214.37,"end":6214.85},{"text":"that","start":6214.85,"end":6215.17},{"text":"disrupts","start":6215.17,"end":6215.93},{"text":"safe","start":6215.93,"end":6216.21},{"text":"shipping","start":6216.21,"end":6216.85},{"text":"has","start":6217.09,"end":6217.57},{"text":"impacts","start":6218.05,"end":6218.69},{"text":"beyond","start":6219.57,"end":6219.97},{"text":"the","start":6219.97,"end":6220.05},{"text":"region","start":6220.05,"end":6220.49},{"text":"where","start":6220.49,"end":6220.69},{"text":"this","start":6220.69,"end":6221.01},{"text":"is","start":6221.33,"end":6221.57},{"text":"happening,","start":6221.57,"end":6222.13},{"text":"and","start":6222.65,"end":6222.81},{"text":"it","start":6222.81,"end":6222.93},{"text":"particularly","start":6222.93,"end":6223.45},{"text":"disproportionately","start":6223.45,"end":6224.53},{"text":"affects","start":6224.85,"end":6225.49},{"text":"developing","start":6225.73,"end":6226.25},{"text":"countries.","start":6226.25,"end":6227.01}]},{"text":"Chair, Colombia is a maritime nation with coasts on both oceans, and we're very much concerned about the sustainable use of natural resources.","start":6227.65,"end":6241.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":6227.65,"end":6227.97},{"text":"Colombia","start":6230.21,"end":6230.69},{"text":"is","start":6231.37,"end":6231.81},{"text":"a","start":6231.81,"end":6231.85},{"text":"maritime","start":6232.01,"end":6232.89},{"text":"nation","start":6233.05,"end":6233.69},{"text":"with","start":6233.93,"end":6234.41},{"text":"coasts","start":6234.57,"end":6235.05},{"text":"on","start":6235.05,"end":6235.13},{"text":"both","start":6235.13,"end":6235.45},{"text":"oceans,","start":6235.45,"end":6236.33},{"text":"and","start":6236.93,"end":6237.13},{"text":"we're","start":6237.29,"end":6237.49},{"text":"very","start":6237.49,"end":6237.65},{"text":"much","start":6237.65,"end":6237.85},{"text":"concerned","start":6237.85,"end":6238.41},{"text":"about","start":6238.41,"end":6238.97},{"text":"the","start":6238.97,"end":6239.09},{"text":"sustainable","start":6239.53,"end":6240.17},{"text":"use","start":6240.17,"end":6240.49},{"text":"of","start":6240.49,"end":6240.57},{"text":"natural","start":6240.57,"end":6240.97},{"text":"resources.","start":6240.97,"end":6241.85}]},{"text":"Due to our geostrategic location, Colombia is exposed to very many maritime security challenges, including maritime drug trafficking, illegal fishing, irregular migration, arms and fuel contraband, and we need to protect our marine natural environments as well.","start":6242.73,"end":6265.89,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. Speakers warned that maritime rules and response tools must adapt to these evolving and hybrid forms of insecurity."}],"words":[{"text":"Due","start":6242.73,"end":6243.37},{"text":"to","start":6243.37,"end":6243.45},{"text":"our","start":6243.49,"end":6243.57},{"text":"geostrategic","start":6243.57,"end":6244.57},{"text":"location,","start":6244.57,"end":6245.29},{"text":"Colombia","start":6245.29,"end":6245.85},{"text":"is","start":6246.09,"end":6246.49},{"text":"exposed","start":6246.49,"end":6247.17},{"text":"to","start":6247.17,"end":6247.69},{"text":"very","start":6247.93,"end":6248.21},{"text":"many","start":6248.21,"end":6248.73},{"text":"maritime","start":6248.97,"end":6249.45},{"text":"security","start":6249.45,"end":6250.01},{"text":"challenges,","start":6250.01,"end":6250.73},{"text":"including","start":6251.05,"end":6251.77},{"text":"maritime","start":6252.41,"end":6253.05},{"text":"drug","start":6253.05,"end":6253.45},{"text":"trafficking,","start":6253.45,"end":6254.01},{"text":"illegal","start":6254.01,"end":6254.41},{"text":"fishing,","start":6254.41,"end":6255.13},{"text":"irregular","start":6255.61,"end":6256.21},{"text":"migration,","start":6256.21,"end":6257.13},{"text":"arms","start":6258.65,"end":6258.93},{"text":"and","start":6258.93,"end":6259.21},{"text":"fuel","start":6259.21,"end":6259.61},{"text":"contraband,","start":6259.61,"end":6260.49},{"text":"and","start":6260.97,"end":6261.25},{"text":"we","start":6261.73,"end":6261.93},{"text":"need","start":6261.93,"end":6262.17},{"text":"to","start":6262.17,"end":6262.45},{"text":"protect","start":6262.69,"end":6263.17},{"text":"our","start":6263.17,"end":6263.25},{"text":"marine","start":6263.25,"end":6263.73},{"text":"natural","start":6264.13,"end":6264.61},{"text":"environments","start":6264.61,"end":6265.33},{"text":"as","start":6265.33,"end":6265.49},{"text":"well.","start":6265.49,"end":6265.89}]},{"text":"Colombia is not a party to UNCLOS, but we do recognize that it does regulate very much of the maritime area, particularly with regard to the freedom of navigation.","start":6268.13,"end":6282.25,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Colombia","start":6268.13,"end":6268.69},{"text":"is","start":6269.17,"end":6269.57},{"text":"not","start":6269.65,"end":6270.13},{"text":"a","start":6270.93,"end":6270.97},{"text":"party","start":6270.97,"end":6271.41},{"text":"to","start":6271.41,"end":6271.89},{"text":"UNCLOS,","start":6272.61,"end":6273.53},{"text":"but","start":6273.53,"end":6273.65},{"text":"we","start":6273.65,"end":6273.73},{"text":"do","start":6273.73,"end":6274.09},{"text":"recognize","start":6274.09,"end":6274.89},{"text":"that","start":6274.89,"end":6275.21},{"text":"it","start":6275.45,"end":6275.65},{"text":"does","start":6275.65,"end":6276.01},{"text":"regulate","start":6276.17,"end":6276.73},{"text":"very","start":6276.73,"end":6276.97},{"text":"much","start":6276.97,"end":6277.45},{"text":"of","start":6277.45,"end":6277.85},{"text":"the","start":6277.85,"end":6277.93},{"text":"maritime","start":6277.93,"end":6278.49},{"text":"area,","start":6278.49,"end":6278.89},{"text":"particularly","start":6278.89,"end":6279.45},{"text":"with","start":6279.45,"end":6279.61},{"text":"regard","start":6279.61,"end":6279.89},{"text":"to","start":6279.89,"end":6280.05},{"text":"the","start":6280.05,"end":6280.17},{"text":"freedom","start":6280.17,"end":6280.57},{"text":"of","start":6280.89,"end":6281.13},{"text":"navigation.","start":6281.37,"end":6282.25}]},{"text":"And unfortunately, UNCLOS doesn't provide us with all of the answers to all of the circumstances that pertain to the freedom of navigation.","start":6282.77,"end":6292.65,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6282.77,"end":6282.97},{"text":"unfortunately,","start":6283.13,"end":6284.01},{"text":"UNCLOS","start":6284.09,"end":6285.05},{"text":"doesn't","start":6285.05,"end":6285.37},{"text":"provide","start":6285.37,"end":6285.77},{"text":"us","start":6285.77,"end":6285.93},{"text":"with","start":6285.93,"end":6286.17},{"text":"all","start":6286.21,"end":6286.57},{"text":"of","start":6286.57,"end":6286.73},{"text":"the","start":6286.73,"end":6286.85},{"text":"answers","start":6287.17,"end":6287.69},{"text":"to","start":6287.69,"end":6287.97},{"text":"all","start":6287.97,"end":6288.17},{"text":"of","start":6288.17,"end":6288.25},{"text":"the","start":6288.25,"end":6288.45},{"text":"circumstances","start":6288.45,"end":6289.61},{"text":"that","start":6290.09,"end":6290.33},{"text":"pertain","start":6290.33,"end":6290.81},{"text":"to","start":6290.81,"end":6290.97},{"text":"the","start":6290.97,"end":6291.09},{"text":"freedom","start":6291.09,"end":6291.53},{"text":"of","start":6291.53,"end":6291.77},{"text":"navigation.","start":6291.77,"end":6292.65}]},{"text":"Among those reasons is that UNCLOS is designed to be applied in times of peace, and when conflict arises, UNCLOS cannot provide all the answers.","start":6293.29,"end":6304.25,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"Among","start":6293.29,"end":6294.25},{"text":"those","start":6294.33,"end":6294.73},{"text":"reasons","start":6294.73,"end":6295.13},{"text":"is","start":6295.13,"end":6295.37},{"text":"that","start":6295.37,"end":6295.61},{"text":"UNCLOS","start":6295.61,"end":6296.57},{"text":"is","start":6296.57,"end":6296.89},{"text":"designed","start":6296.89,"end":6297.33},{"text":"to","start":6297.33,"end":6297.45},{"text":"be","start":6297.45,"end":6297.69},{"text":"applied","start":6298.17,"end":6298.61},{"text":"in","start":6298.61,"end":6298.73},{"text":"times","start":6298.73,"end":6299.05},{"text":"of","start":6299.05,"end":6299.13},{"text":"peace,","start":6299.13,"end":6299.61},{"text":"and","start":6300.01,"end":6300.13},{"text":"when","start":6300.13,"end":6300.33},{"text":"conflict","start":6300.33,"end":6301.05},{"text":"arises,","start":6301.21,"end":6301.65},{"text":"UNCLOS","start":6301.65,"end":6302.57},{"text":"cannot","start":6302.57,"end":6302.89},{"text":"provide","start":6302.89,"end":6303.21},{"text":"all","start":6303.21,"end":6303.37},{"text":"the","start":6303.37,"end":6303.49},{"text":"answers.","start":6303.49,"end":6304.25}]},{"text":"Given that regulatory vacuum, when there are violations of existing laws, it is the Security Council that must fulfil the role for which it was established.","start":6304.93,"end":6316.17,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. 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Speakers warned that maritime rules and response tools must adapt to these evolving and hybrid forms of insecurity."}],"words":[{"text":"One","start":6358.29,"end":6358.53},{"text":"country","start":6358.53,"end":6358.85},{"text":"cannot","start":6358.85,"end":6359.21},{"text":"deal","start":6359.21,"end":6359.33},{"text":"with","start":6359.33,"end":6359.53},{"text":"this","start":6359.53,"end":6359.73},{"text":"alone,","start":6359.73,"end":6360.21},{"text":"or","start":6360.45,"end":6360.61},{"text":"one","start":6360.61,"end":6360.93},{"text":"agency","start":6361.17,"end":6361.69},{"text":"or","start":6361.69,"end":6361.77},{"text":"one","start":6361.77,"end":6362.05},{"text":"organization","start":6362.05,"end":6362.93},{"text":"cannot","start":6362.93,"end":6363.21},{"text":"deal","start":6363.21,"end":6363.41},{"text":"with","start":6363.41,"end":6363.57},{"text":"it","start":6363.57,"end":6363.73},{"text":"alone,","start":6363.97,"end":6364.37},{"text":"given","start":6364.37,"end":6364.69},{"text":"the","start":6364.69,"end":6364.85},{"text":"multiple","start":6365.33,"end":6365.97},{"text":"threats","start":6366.05,"end":6366.69},{"text":"that","start":6366.85,"end":6367.41},{"text":"freedom","start":6367.49,"end":6367.81},{"text":"of","start":6367.81,"end":6367.89},{"text":"shipping","start":6367.89,"end":6368.29},{"text":"is","start":6368.29,"end":6368.37},{"text":"facing.","start":6368.37,"end":6368.93}]},{"text":"Colombia welcomes any initiatives aimed at strengthening international cooperation to address maritime challenges, including to strengthen respect for the law of the sea and increase the abilities of developing countries and regional organizations to act in areas such as Latin America and the Caribbean.","start":6370.21,"end":6395.01,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. 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Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"Colombia","start":6370.21,"end":6370.85},{"text":"welcomes","start":6371.25,"end":6371.89},{"text":"any","start":6371.89,"end":6372.37},{"text":"initiatives","start":6372.37,"end":6373.17},{"text":"aimed","start":6373.49,"end":6373.81},{"text":"at","start":6373.89,"end":6374.21},{"text":"strengthening","start":6374.37,"end":6375.17},{"text":"international","start":6375.17,"end":6375.97},{"text":"cooperation","start":6375.97,"end":6376.93},{"text":"to","start":6377.09,"end":6377.49},{"text":"address","start":6377.49,"end":6378.13},{"text":"maritime","start":6379.01,"end":6379.65},{"text":"challenges,","start":6379.65,"end":6380.37},{"text":"including","start":6380.53,"end":6381.17},{"text":"to","start":6381.17,"end":6381.41},{"text":"strengthen","start":6381.57,"end":6382.21},{"text":"respect","start":6382.21,"end":6382.77},{"text":"for","start":6382.77,"end":6383.17},{"text":"the","start":6385.61,"end":6385.65},{"text":"law","start":6385.65,"end":6385.85},{"text":"of","start":6385.85,"end":6385.97},{"text":"the","start":6385.97,"end":6386.09},{"text":"sea","start":6386.09,"end":6386.53},{"text":"and","start":6386.97,"end":6387.17},{"text":"increase","start":6387.33,"end":6388.21},{"text":"the","start":6388.21,"end":6388.49},{"text":"abilities","start":6388.49,"end":6389.09},{"text":"of","start":6389.09,"end":6389.33},{"text":"developing","start":6389.33,"end":6389.89},{"text":"countries","start":6389.89,"end":6390.45},{"text":"and","start":6390.45,"end":6390.61},{"text":"regional","start":6390.61,"end":6391.01},{"text":"organizations","start":6391.01,"end":6391.89},{"text":"to","start":6391.89,"end":6392.01},{"text":"act","start":6392.01,"end":6392.29},{"text":"in","start":6392.29,"end":6392.45},{"text":"areas","start":6392.77,"end":6393.17},{"text":"such","start":6393.17,"end":6393.33},{"text":"as","start":6393.33,"end":6393.41},{"text":"Latin","start":6393.41,"end":6393.73},{"text":"America","start":6393.73,"end":6394.17},{"text":"and","start":6394.17,"end":6394.29},{"text":"the","start":6394.29,"end":6394.37},{"text":"Caribbean.","start":6394.37,"end":6395.01}]},{"text":"In that regard, we need to train our armed forces in maritime interdiction procedures to increase their naval capacities, particularly to prevent risks and transfer the necessary knowledge and technology to fight against new threats emanating, for example, from the growing rise and development of artificial intelligence.","start":6395.81,"end":6420.17,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. 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Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6420.41,"end":6420.53},{"text":"must","start":6420.53,"end":6420.77},{"text":"also","start":6420.77,"end":6421.21},{"text":"increase","start":6421.37,"end":6422.33},{"text":"our","start":6422.33,"end":6422.61},{"text":"ability","start":6422.61,"end":6423.05},{"text":"to","start":6423.05,"end":6423.37},{"text":"counter","start":6423.85,"end":6424.45},{"text":"all","start":6424.45,"end":6424.73},{"text":"illegal","start":6424.73,"end":6425.13},{"text":"activities","start":6425.13,"end":6425.85},{"text":"that","start":6425.85,"end":6425.97},{"text":"can","start":6425.97,"end":6426.25},{"text":"endanger","start":6426.49,"end":6427.05},{"text":"the","start":6427.05,"end":6427.17},{"text":"human","start":6427.17,"end":6427.53},{"text":"rights","start":6427.53,"end":6427.93},{"text":"of","start":6427.93,"end":6428.17},{"text":"seafarers.","start":6428.17,"end":6429.13}]},{"text":"A lot has to be done in this area.","start":6429.61,"end":6431.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"A","start":6429.61,"end":6429.69},{"text":"lot","start":6429.69,"end":6429.97},{"text":"has","start":6429.97,"end":6430.09},{"text":"to","start":6430.09,"end":6430.17},{"text":"be","start":6430.17,"end":6430.33},{"text":"done","start":6430.33,"end":6430.57},{"text":"in","start":6430.57,"end":6430.65},{"text":"this","start":6430.65,"end":6430.81},{"text":"area.","start":6430.81,"end":6431.37}]},{"text":"And Colombia also feels that we need to have more bilateral and multilateral instruments in our toolbox to deal with drug trafficking by sea, the rights of immigrants as well, and protection of the marine environment must be addressed.","start":6433.13,"end":6450.33,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. 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Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6474.97,"end":6475.21},{"text":"is","start":6475.21,"end":6475.37},{"text":"the","start":6475.37,"end":6475.53},{"text":"only","start":6475.53,"end":6475.93},{"text":"way","start":6475.93,"end":6476.33},{"text":"to","start":6476.49,"end":6476.61},{"text":"solve","start":6476.61,"end":6476.97},{"text":"this","start":6476.97,"end":6477.29},{"text":"and","start":6477.61,"end":6477.85},{"text":"all","start":6477.85,"end":6478.25},{"text":"crises.","start":6478.33,"end":6478.89}]},{"text":"Thank you very much, Minister.","start":6478.89,"end":6479.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":6478.89,"end":6479.05},{"text":"you","start":6479.05,"end":6479.13},{"text":"very","start":6479.13,"end":6479.29},{"text":"much,","start":6479.29,"end":6479.53},{"text":"Minister.","start":6479.53,"end":6479.97}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"COL","affiliation_full":"Colombia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":35,"start":6481.61,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=1:48:02","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I would.","start":6481.61,"end":6481.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":6481.61,"end":6481.65},{"text":"would.","start":6481.65,"end":6481.93}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Like to thank the representative of Colombia for his statement and give the floor to the representative of France.","start":6482.57,"end":6488.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Like","start":6482.57,"end":6482.89},{"text":"to","start":6482.89,"end":6483.09},{"text":"thank","start":6483.13,"end":6483.37},{"text":"the","start":6483.41,"end":6483.49},{"text":"representative","start":6483.49,"end":6484.33},{"text":"of","start":6484.33,"end":6484.57},{"text":"Colombia","start":6484.57,"end":6485.05},{"text":"for","start":6485.05,"end":6485.29},{"text":"his","start":6485.29,"end":6485.41},{"text":"statement","start":6485.41,"end":6486.17},{"text":"and","start":6486.17,"end":6486.33},{"text":"give","start":6486.33,"end":6486.49},{"text":"the","start":6486.49,"end":6486.57},{"text":"floor","start":6486.57,"end":6486.89},{"text":"to","start":6486.89,"end":6486.97},{"text":"the","start":6486.97,"end":6487.05},{"text":"representative","start":6487.05,"end":6487.85},{"text":"of","start":6487.85,"end":6487.97},{"text":"France.","start":6487.97,"end":6488.65}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdulatif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":36,"start":6493.89,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=1:48:14","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"New York.","start":6493.89,"end":6495.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"New","start":6493.89,"end":6493.93},{"text":"York.","start":6494.89,"end":6495.61}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"We thank you, Minister, for undertaking the initiative for this meeting, and I would also like to thank the briefers for their contribution.","start":6498.97,"end":6510.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6498.97,"end":6499.13},{"text":"thank","start":6499.21,"end":6499.61},{"text":"you,","start":6499.61,"end":6499.93},{"text":"Minister,","start":6500.25,"end":6500.73},{"text":"for","start":6500.73,"end":6500.97},{"text":"undertaking","start":6501.21,"end":6501.73},{"text":"the","start":6501.73,"end":6501.81},{"text":"initiative","start":6501.81,"end":6502.21},{"text":"for","start":6502.21,"end":6502.33},{"text":"this","start":6502.33,"end":6502.49},{"text":"meeting,","start":6502.49,"end":6502.85},{"text":"and","start":6502.85,"end":6503.01},{"text":"I","start":6503.01,"end":6503.05},{"text":"would","start":6503.13,"end":6503.29},{"text":"also","start":6503.61,"end":6503.97},{"text":"like","start":6503.97,"end":6504.17},{"text":"to","start":6504.17,"end":6504.33},{"text":"thank","start":6504.33,"end":6504.57},{"text":"the","start":6504.57,"end":6504.65},{"text":"briefers","start":6504.65,"end":6505.05},{"text":"for","start":6508.49,"end":6508.89},{"text":"their","start":6508.89,"end":6509.21},{"text":"contribution.","start":6509.21,"end":6510.01}]},{"text":"This challenge of protecting freedom of navigation is particularly serious today as water is a subject to repeated attacks and transnational threats and attempt to block them.","start":6510.57,"end":6522.93,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"Their","start":6645.41,"end":6645.65},{"text":"security","start":6645.65,"end":6646.05},{"text":"of","start":6646.05,"end":6646.13},{"text":"maritime","start":6646.13,"end":6646.53},{"text":"spaces","start":6646.53,"end":6647.41},{"text":"depends,","start":6647.57,"end":6648.13},{"text":"above","start":6648.13,"end":6648.29},{"text":"all,","start":6648.29,"end":6648.45},{"text":"on","start":6648.45,"end":6648.53},{"text":"their","start":6648.53,"end":6648.65},{"text":"respect","start":6648.65,"end":6648.93},{"text":"for","start":6648.93,"end":6649.05},{"text":"international","start":6649.05,"end":6649.61},{"text":"law.","start":6649.61,"end":6649.89}]},{"text":"This is defined by the United Nations Convention of the Sea, but also by the relevant Security Council resolutions in which has been dealing with maritime security for a long time.","start":6649.89,"end":6662.45,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. 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Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. 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Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":6675.33,"end":6675.45},{"text":"the","start":6675.45,"end":6675.57},{"text":"implementation","start":6676.53,"end":6677.25},{"text":"of","start":6677.25,"end":6677.49},{"text":"Security","start":6677.49,"end":6678.21},{"text":"Council","start":6678.21,"end":6678.49},{"text":"decisions","start":6678.49,"end":6679.01},{"text":"as","start":6679.01,"end":6679.09},{"text":"a","start":6679.09,"end":6679.13},{"text":"duty","start":6679.13,"end":6679.49},{"text":"for","start":6679.49,"end":6679.65},{"text":"one","start":6679.65,"end":6679.81},{"text":"and","start":6679.81,"end":6679.97},{"text":"all.","start":6679.97,"end":6680.29}]},{"text":"France would like to emphasize the essential role played by the International Maritime Organization in defining and implementing a legal and normative framework aimed at establishing high common standards, which is essential to guarantee the security of maritime spaces.","start":6680.69,"end":6694.53,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"France","start":6680.69,"end":6681.21},{"text":"would","start":6681.21,"end":6681.33},{"text":"like","start":6681.33,"end":6681.53},{"text":"to","start":6681.53,"end":6681.65},{"text":"emphasize","start":6681.65,"end":6682.13},{"text":"the","start":6682.13,"end":6682.25},{"text":"essential","start":6682.25,"end":6682.69},{"text":"role","start":6682.69,"end":6682.93},{"text":"played","start":6682.93,"end":6683.25},{"text":"by","start":6683.25,"end":6683.33},{"text":"the","start":6683.33,"end":6683.41},{"text":"International","start":6683.41,"end":6683.97},{"text":"Maritime","start":6683.97,"end":6684.45},{"text":"Organization","start":6684.45,"end":6685.05},{"text":"in","start":6685.05,"end":6685.17},{"text":"defining","start":6685.17,"end":6685.73},{"text":"and","start":6685.73,"end":6685.85},{"text":"implementing","start":6685.85,"end":6686.49},{"text":"a","start":6686.49,"end":6686.53},{"text":"legal","start":6686.53,"end":6686.81},{"text":"and","start":6686.81,"end":6686.97},{"text":"normative","start":6686.97,"end":6687.33},{"text":"framework","start":6687.33,"end":6687.89},{"text":"aimed","start":6687.89,"end":6688.25},{"text":"at","start":6688.25,"end":6688.37},{"text":"establishing","start":6688.37,"end":6689.17},{"text":"high","start":6689.41,"end":6689.73},{"text":"common","start":6689.73,"end":6690.13},{"text":"standards,","start":6690.13,"end":6690.69},{"text":"which","start":6690.77,"end":6691.05},{"text":"is","start":6691.05,"end":6691.17},{"text":"essential","start":6691.17,"end":6691.65},{"text":"to","start":6691.65,"end":6691.81},{"text":"guarantee","start":6691.81,"end":6692.37},{"text":"the","start":6692.37,"end":6692.53},{"text":"security","start":6692.53,"end":6693.09},{"text":"of","start":6693.09,"end":6693.33},{"text":"maritime","start":6693.49,"end":6693.97},{"text":"spaces.","start":6693.97,"end":6694.53}]},{"text":"And finally, our response must also take the form of collective action to ensure maritime security and freedom of navigation.","start":6694.53,"end":6702.05,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6694.53,"end":6694.77},{"text":"finally,","start":6694.77,"end":6695.25},{"text":"our","start":6696.09,"end":6696.17},{"text":"response","start":6696.21,"end":6696.85},{"text":"must","start":6696.85,"end":6697.17},{"text":"also","start":6697.17,"end":6697.49},{"text":"take","start":6697.49,"end":6697.69},{"text":"the","start":6697.69,"end":6697.81},{"text":"form","start":6697.81,"end":6698.05},{"text":"of","start":6698.09,"end":6698.21},{"text":"collective","start":6698.21,"end":6698.85},{"text":"action","start":6698.85,"end":6699.25},{"text":"to","start":6699.25,"end":6699.41},{"text":"ensure","start":6699.41,"end":6699.81},{"text":"maritime","start":6699.81,"end":6700.33},{"text":"security","start":6700.33,"end":6700.85},{"text":"and","start":6700.85,"end":6700.97},{"text":"freedom","start":6700.97,"end":6701.29},{"text":"of","start":6701.29,"end":6701.41},{"text":"navigation.","start":6701.41,"end":6702.05}]},{"text":"and France is playing its full role in this regard, in particular in the Security Council, but also through its multilateral initiatives and the initiatives on the ground.","start":6702.81,"end":6713.29,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":6702.81,"end":6703.05},{"text":"France","start":6703.05,"end":6703.77},{"text":"is","start":6703.77,"end":6703.93},{"text":"playing","start":6703.93,"end":6704.25},{"text":"its","start":6704.25,"end":6704.41},{"text":"full","start":6704.41,"end":6704.73},{"text":"role","start":6704.73,"end":6705.21},{"text":"in","start":6705.21,"end":6705.37},{"text":"this","start":6705.37,"end":6705.61},{"text":"regard,","start":6705.61,"end":6706.09},{"text":"in","start":6706.09,"end":6706.17},{"text":"particular","start":6706.17,"end":6706.69},{"text":"in","start":6706.69,"end":6706.81},{"text":"the","start":6706.81,"end":6706.93},{"text":"Security","start":6706.93,"end":6707.37},{"text":"Council,","start":6707.37,"end":6707.77},{"text":"but","start":6707.77,"end":6708.09},{"text":"also","start":6708.09,"end":6708.81},{"text":"through","start":6708.81,"end":6709.09},{"text":"its","start":6709.45,"end":6710.01},{"text":"multilateral","start":6710.09,"end":6711.05},{"text":"initiatives","start":6711.21,"end":6711.85},{"text":"and","start":6711.85,"end":6711.97},{"text":"the","start":6711.97,"end":6712.05},{"text":"initiatives","start":6712.05,"end":6712.49},{"text":"on","start":6712.49,"end":6712.69},{"text":"the","start":6712.69,"end":6712.81},{"text":"ground.","start":6712.81,"end":6713.29}]},{"text":"In the Red Sea, France will continue its commitment to European naval operations such as Aspidis, which is helping to secure commercial traffic in the Red Sea and Atlanta, which is engaged in the fight against piracy off the coasts of Somalia, in accordance with international law and with its partners.","start":6713.53,"end":6732.09,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. 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Speakers warned that maritime rules and response tools must adapt to these evolving and hybrid forms of insecurity."}],"words":[{"text":"To","start":6858.13,"end":6858.29},{"text":"this,","start":6858.29,"end":6858.69},{"text":"we","start":6858.69,"end":6858.93},{"text":"now","start":6858.93,"end":6859.25},{"text":"see","start":6859.57,"end":6860.05},{"text":"growing","start":6860.05,"end":6860.61},{"text":"changes","start":6862.13,"end":6862.69},{"text":"in","start":6862.69,"end":6863.01},{"text":"the","start":6863.01,"end":6863.25},{"text":"threats.","start":6863.25,"end":6863.97}]},{"text":"Attacks against ships, piracy, transnational trade.","start":6864.13,"end":6868.05,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. Speakers warned that maritime rules and response tools must adapt to these evolving and hybrid forms of insecurity."},{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"Attacks","start":6864.13,"end":6864.53},{"text":"against","start":6864.53,"end":6865.01},{"text":"ships,","start":6865.01,"end":6865.49},{"text":"piracy,","start":6865.49,"end":6866.29},{"text":"transnational","start":6866.69,"end":6867.41},{"text":"trade.","start":6867.49,"end":6868.05}]},{"text":"We now have cyber threats and threats to communication and navigation systems.","start":6868.77,"end":6875.81,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. Speakers warned that maritime rules and response tools must adapt to these evolving and hybrid forms of insecurity."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":6868.77,"end":6868.93},{"text":"now","start":6868.93,"end":6869.17},{"text":"have","start":6869.17,"end":6869.57},{"text":"cyber","start":6870.37,"end":6871.01},{"text":"threats","start":6871.25,"end":6871.81},{"text":"and","start":6871.81,"end":6872.29},{"text":"threats","start":6872.37,"end":6872.85},{"text":"to","start":6872.85,"end":6873.25},{"text":"communication","start":6873.65,"end":6874.45},{"text":"and","start":6874.45,"end":6874.57},{"text":"navigation","start":6874.57,"end":6875.17},{"text":"systems.","start":6875.17,"end":6875.81}]},{"text":"Maritime security, therefore, is no longer a single threat.","start":6875.97,"end":6880.21,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. Speakers warned that maritime rules and response tools must adapt to these evolving and hybrid forms of insecurity."}],"words":[{"text":"Maritime","start":6875.97,"end":6876.45},{"text":"security,","start":6876.45,"end":6877.01},{"text":"therefore,","start":6877.01,"end":6877.49},{"text":"is","start":6878.05,"end":6878.45},{"text":"no","start":6878.45,"end":6878.77},{"text":"longer","start":6878.77,"end":6879.25},{"text":"a","start":6879.25,"end":6879.29},{"text":"single","start":6879.29,"end":6879.73},{"text":"threat.","start":6879.73,"end":6880.21}]},{"text":"Chair, the DRC reaffirms its commitment to international law and to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which constitutes the legal framework for maritime areas.","start":6883.61,"end":6895.93,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":6883.61,"end":6883.85},{"text":"the","start":6883.93,"end":6884.01},{"text":"DRC","start":6884.01,"end":6885.29},{"text":"reaffirms","start":6885.29,"end":6885.85},{"text":"its","start":6885.85,"end":6886.09},{"text":"commitment","start":6886.09,"end":6886.69},{"text":"to","start":6886.69,"end":6886.77},{"text":"international","start":6886.77,"end":6887.73},{"text":"law","start":6887.73,"end":6887.81},{"text":"and","start":6888.17,"end":6888.45},{"text":"to","start":6888.45,"end":6888.57},{"text":"the","start":6888.57,"end":6888.65},{"text":"United","start":6888.65,"end":6889.05},{"text":"Nations","start":6889.05,"end":6889.45},{"text":"Convention","start":6889.45,"end":6889.97},{"text":"on","start":6889.97,"end":6890.09},{"text":"the","start":6890.09,"end":6890.17},{"text":"Law","start":6890.17,"end":6890.37},{"text":"of","start":6890.37,"end":6890.49},{"text":"the","start":6890.49,"end":6890.61},{"text":"Sea,","start":6890.61,"end":6891.05},{"text":"which","start":6891.25,"end":6891.45},{"text":"constitutes","start":6891.45,"end":6892.17},{"text":"the","start":6892.17,"end":6892.45},{"text":"legal","start":6892.65,"end":6893.01},{"text":"framework","start":6893.01,"end":6893.61},{"text":"for","start":6893.61,"end":6893.89},{"text":"maritime","start":6894.17,"end":6894.81},{"text":"areas.","start":6895.21,"end":6895.93}]},{"text":"And particularly, this covers the issue of transit passage through straits used for international navigation.","start":6896.33,"end":6903.61,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":6896.33,"end":6896.57},{"text":"particularly,","start":6897.29,"end":6897.85},{"text":"this","start":6897.85,"end":6898.09},{"text":"covers","start":6898.09,"end":6898.57},{"text":"the","start":6898.57,"end":6898.69},{"text":"issue","start":6898.69,"end":6899.13},{"text":"of","start":6899.13,"end":6899.53},{"text":"transit","start":6899.53,"end":6900.01},{"text":"passage","start":6900.01,"end":6900.57},{"text":"through","start":6901.21,"end":6901.53},{"text":"straits","start":6901.53,"end":6902.01},{"text":"used","start":6902.01,"end":6902.21},{"text":"for","start":6902.21,"end":6902.33},{"text":"international","start":6902.33,"end":6902.85},{"text":"navigation.","start":6902.85,"end":6903.61}]},{"text":"Unfortunately, we are seeing that the law of the sea is not being respected and the security of navigation is also not being respected.","start":6904.81,"end":6919.77,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Unfortunately,","start":6904.81,"end":6905.69},{"text":"we","start":6906.25,"end":6906.57},{"text":"are","start":6906.57,"end":6906.69},{"text":"seeing","start":6906.69,"end":6907.21},{"text":"that","start":6907.21,"end":6907.77},{"text":"the","start":6907.93,"end":6908.13},{"text":"law","start":6908.57,"end":6908.93},{"text":"of","start":6908.93,"end":6909.01},{"text":"the","start":6909.01,"end":6909.17},{"text":"sea","start":6909.17,"end":6909.85},{"text":"is","start":6910.25,"end":6910.81},{"text":"not","start":6911.13,"end":6911.61},{"text":"being","start":6912.49,"end":6912.65},{"text":"respected","start":6912.65,"end":6913.37},{"text":"and","start":6913.85,"end":6914.09},{"text":"the","start":6914.09,"end":6914.37},{"text":"security","start":6914.49,"end":6915.13},{"text":"of","start":6915.13,"end":6915.45},{"text":"navigation","start":6915.45,"end":6916.17},{"text":"is","start":6916.97,"end":6917.53},{"text":"also","start":6917.53,"end":6917.69},{"text":"not","start":6917.69,"end":6917.85},{"text":"being","start":6917.85,"end":6918.01},{"text":"respected.","start":6918.01,"end":6919.77}]},{"text":"The various resolutions of the Security Council in this regard recall, in each of the contexts, the importance of this situation.","start":6919.93,"end":6929.69,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":6919.93,"end":6920.09},{"text":"various","start":6920.09,"end":6920.57},{"text":"resolutions","start":6920.57,"end":6921.25},{"text":"of","start":6921.25,"end":6921.37},{"text":"the","start":6921.37,"end":6921.49},{"text":"Security","start":6921.49,"end":6922.05},{"text":"Council","start":6922.05,"end":6922.57},{"text":"in","start":6922.57,"end":6922.69},{"text":"this","start":6922.69,"end":6922.89},{"text":"regard","start":6922.89,"end":6923.29},{"text":"recall,","start":6923.29,"end":6923.85},{"text":"in","start":6924.33,"end":6924.41},{"text":"each","start":6924.41,"end":6924.69},{"text":"of","start":6924.69,"end":6924.77},{"text":"the","start":6924.77,"end":6925.25},{"text":"contexts,","start":6926.57,"end":6927.77},{"text":"the","start":6927.77,"end":6927.89},{"text":"importance","start":6927.89,"end":6928.33},{"text":"of","start":6928.33,"end":6928.49},{"text":"this","start":6928.49,"end":6929.01},{"text":"situation.","start":6929.01,"end":6929.69}]},{"text":"In addition to the threat to navigation, we're also seeing political, economic and security effects that are directly affecting stability of supply chains.","start":6930.17,"end":6943.53,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":6930.17,"end":6930.33},{"text":"addition","start":6930.33,"end":6930.81},{"text":"to","start":6930.81,"end":6931.21},{"text":"the","start":6931.53,"end":6931.61},{"text":"threat","start":6931.61,"end":6931.93},{"text":"to","start":6931.93,"end":6932.01},{"text":"navigation,","start":6932.01,"end":6932.73},{"text":"we're","start":6933.45,"end":6933.65},{"text":"also","start":6933.65,"end":6934.09},{"text":"seeing","start":6934.49,"end":6934.81},{"text":"political,","start":6935.37,"end":6935.93},{"text":"economic","start":6935.93,"end":6936.37},{"text":"and","start":6936.37,"end":6936.49},{"text":"security","start":6936.49,"end":6937.21},{"text":"effects","start":6937.37,"end":6938.01},{"text":"that","start":6939.05,"end":6939.29},{"text":"are","start":6939.29,"end":6939.37},{"text":"directly","start":6939.37,"end":6939.93},{"text":"affecting","start":6939.93,"end":6940.49},{"text":"stability","start":6940.49,"end":6941.21},{"text":"of","start":6942.25,"end":6942.49},{"text":"supply","start":6942.49,"end":6942.81},{"text":"chains.","start":6942.81,"end":6943.53}]},{"text":"This reality means that we cannot just look at disruptions at sea, but also look at tension that can proceed or feed into these crises.","start":6944.09,"end":6956.33,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":6944.09,"end":6944.41},{"text":"reality","start":6944.49,"end":6945.21},{"text":"means","start":6946.25,"end":6946.65},{"text":"that","start":6946.65,"end":6946.81},{"text":"we","start":6946.81,"end":6946.97},{"text":"cannot","start":6946.97,"end":6947.45},{"text":"just","start":6947.53,"end":6948.09},{"text":"look","start":6948.65,"end":6949.05},{"text":"at","start":6949.05,"end":6949.45},{"text":"disruptions","start":6949.61,"end":6950.29},{"text":"at","start":6950.29,"end":6950.37},{"text":"sea,","start":6950.37,"end":6950.81},{"text":"but","start":6950.81,"end":6950.97},{"text":"also","start":6950.97,"end":6951.37},{"text":"look","start":6951.53,"end":6951.85},{"text":"at","start":6951.85,"end":6952.05},{"text":"tension","start":6952.05,"end":6952.49},{"text":"that","start":6952.49,"end":6952.65},{"text":"can","start":6952.65,"end":6952.97},{"text":"proceed","start":6952.97,"end":6953.69},{"text":"or","start":6953.93,"end":6954.05},{"text":"feed","start":6954.05,"end":6954.33},{"text":"into","start":6954.33,"end":6954.65},{"text":"these","start":6954.65,"end":6955.05},{"text":"crises.","start":6955.45,"end":6956.33}]},{"text":"But whatever the political tensions might be, maritime areas cannot limit, be limited in terms of navigation.","start":6956.81,"end":6967.61,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":6967.85,"end":6968.01},{"text":"must","start":6968.01,"end":6968.33},{"text":"be","start":6968.33,"end":6968.49},{"text":"preserved","start":6968.49,"end":6969.05},{"text":"in","start":6969.05,"end":6969.21},{"text":"accordance","start":6969.21,"end":6969.69},{"text":"with","start":6969.69,"end":6969.81},{"text":"international","start":6969.81,"end":6970.73},{"text":"law.","start":6970.73,"end":6970.81}]},{"text":"This is why, to prevent the situation that the DRC believes that greater emphasis should be placed on dialogue, preventive diplomacy, and the pursuit of political solutions.","start":6971.13,"end":6982.41,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. 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Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. 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The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":7049.89,"end":7050.13},{"text":"the","start":7050.13,"end":7050.33},{"text":"consequences","start":7050.33,"end":7051.05},{"text":"of","start":7051.05,"end":7051.13},{"text":"maritime","start":7051.13,"end":7051.57},{"text":"insecurity","start":7051.57,"end":7052.37},{"text":"know","start":7052.53,"end":7052.85},{"text":"no","start":7052.85,"end":7053.09},{"text":"borders.","start":7053.09,"end":7053.73}]},{"text":"Whether developing or developed countries, all countries remain dependent to varying degrees on the continuity and security of major maritime routes.","start":7054.17,"end":7062.37,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."},{"key":"vulnerable-economies","label":"Vulnerable Economies and Small States","description":"A consistent concern was the disproportionate impact of maritime disruption on developing countries, small island states, landlocked countries, and import-dependent economies. Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"Whether","start":7054.17,"end":7054.61},{"text":"developing","start":7054.61,"end":7055.17},{"text":"or","start":7055.17,"end":7055.33},{"text":"developed","start":7055.33,"end":7055.73},{"text":"countries,","start":7055.73,"end":7056.29},{"text":"all","start":7056.29,"end":7056.45},{"text":"countries","start":7056.45,"end":7056.93},{"text":"remain","start":7056.93,"end":7057.29},{"text":"dependent","start":7057.29,"end":7057.97},{"text":"to","start":7058.13,"end":7058.29},{"text":"varying","start":7058.29,"end":7058.69},{"text":"degrees","start":7058.69,"end":7059.17},{"text":"on","start":7059.17,"end":7059.25},{"text":"the","start":7059.25,"end":7059.41},{"text":"continuity","start":7059.41,"end":7060.09},{"text":"and","start":7060.09,"end":7060.21},{"text":"security","start":7060.21,"end":7060.73},{"text":"of","start":7060.73,"end":7060.81},{"text":"major","start":7060.81,"end":7061.41},{"text":"maritime","start":7061.41,"end":7061.89},{"text":"routes.","start":7061.89,"end":7062.37}]},{"text":"A disruption can result in higher transport costs.","start":7062.69,"end":7065.33,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":7062.69,"end":7062.73},{"text":"disruption","start":7062.73,"end":7063.33},{"text":"can","start":7063.33,"end":7063.57},{"text":"result","start":7063.57,"end":7063.97},{"text":"in","start":7063.97,"end":7064.09},{"text":"higher","start":7064.09,"end":7064.29},{"text":"transport","start":7064.29,"end":7064.77},{"text":"costs.","start":7064.77,"end":7065.33}]},{"text":"For Africa and developing countries, this very quickly becomes an issue of food security and economic stability, while placing increased pressure on the most vulnerable populations.","start":7065.73,"end":7074.93,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."},{"key":"vulnerable-economies","label":"Vulnerable Economies and Small States","description":"A consistent concern was the disproportionate impact of maritime disruption on developing countries, small island states, landlocked countries, and import-dependent economies. Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":7065.73,"end":7065.85},{"text":"Africa","start":7065.85,"end":7066.25},{"text":"and","start":7066.25,"end":7066.37},{"text":"developing","start":7066.37,"end":7066.77},{"text":"countries,","start":7066.77,"end":7067.33},{"text":"this","start":7067.57,"end":7068.05},{"text":"very","start":7068.05,"end":7068.37},{"text":"quickly","start":7068.37,"end":7068.65},{"text":"becomes","start":7068.65,"end":7069.01},{"text":"an","start":7069.01,"end":7069.09},{"text":"issue","start":7069.09,"end":7069.29},{"text":"of","start":7069.29,"end":7069.37},{"text":"food","start":7069.37,"end":7069.61},{"text":"security","start":7069.61,"end":7070.09},{"text":"and","start":7070.09,"end":7070.25},{"text":"economic","start":7070.25,"end":7070.69},{"text":"stability,","start":7070.69,"end":7071.33},{"text":"while","start":7071.65,"end":7071.97},{"text":"placing","start":7071.97,"end":7072.37},{"text":"increased","start":7072.37,"end":7072.81},{"text":"pressure","start":7072.81,"end":7073.17},{"text":"on","start":7073.17,"end":7073.29},{"text":"the","start":7073.29,"end":7073.37},{"text":"most","start":7073.37,"end":7073.57},{"text":"vulnerable","start":7073.57,"end":7073.97},{"text":"populations.","start":7073.97,"end":7074.93}]},{"text":"This interdependence, therefore, requires us to move from an essentially reactive approach towards a genuine culture of prevention and resilience.","start":7075.17,"end":7082.45,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. 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Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."}],"words":[{"text":"preventive","start":7090.09,"end":7090.57},{"text":"diplomacy,","start":7090.57,"end":7091.37},{"text":"early","start":7091.37,"end":7091.61},{"text":"warning,","start":7091.61,"end":7092.01},{"text":"and","start":7092.01,"end":7092.13},{"text":"the","start":7092.13,"end":7092.21},{"text":"pursuit","start":7092.21,"end":7092.65},{"text":"of","start":7092.65,"end":7092.73},{"text":"political","start":7092.73,"end":7093.21},{"text":"solutions","start":7093.21,"end":7093.77},{"text":"to","start":7093.77,"end":7093.97},{"text":"tensions","start":7093.97,"end":7094.49},{"text":"liable","start":7094.49,"end":7094.97},{"text":"to","start":7094.97,"end":7095.13},{"text":"affect","start":7095.13,"end":7095.61},{"text":"maritime","start":7096.73,"end":7097.37},{"text":"spaces.","start":7097.37,"end":7098.01}]},{"text":"Second, protect by strengthening the security of vessels and crews, as well as the continuity of humanitarian operations in accordance with international law.","start":7098.25,"end":7106.33,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. 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statement.","start":7155.85,"end":7160.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7155.85,"end":7155.93},{"text":"thank","start":7156.01,"end":7156.41},{"text":"the","start":7156.41,"end":7156.61},{"text":"representative","start":7156.65,"end":7157.61},{"text":"of","start":7157.61,"end":7157.69},{"text":"the","start":7157.69,"end":7157.77},{"text":"Democratic","start":7157.77,"end":7158.25},{"text":"Republic","start":7158.25,"end":7158.73},{"text":"of","start":7158.73,"end":7158.97},{"text":"the","start":7158.97,"end":7159.09},{"text":"Congo","start":7159.09,"end":7159.53},{"text":"for","start":7159.61,"end":7159.85},{"text":"the","start":7159.85,"end":7159.97},{"text":"statement.","start":7159.97,"end":7160.57}]},{"text":"We will now turn to the statements of Member States who are not members of the 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Burita.","start":7168.49,"end":7170.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7168.49,"end":7168.73},{"text":"give","start":7168.73,"end":7169.05},{"text":"the","start":7169.05,"end":7169.17},{"text":"floor","start":7169.17,"end":7169.37},{"text":"to","start":7169.37,"end":7169.49},{"text":"Mr.","start":7169.49,"end":7169.73},{"text":"Burita.","start":7169.73,"end":7170.17}]},{"text":"Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Morocco, and we thank His Excellency for being present with us 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bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":40,"start":7183.61,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=1:59:44","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I would like to thank my dear brother, His Excellency Dr. Abdullatif bin Rashid Al Zayani, and through him, I would like to thank the Kingdom of Bahrain for convening this 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recall that other meetings on similar topic were also organized by Bahrain during its presidency of the Security 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kind of leadership is no stranger to the Kingdom of Bahrain, which bears in its name a reminder of its position as a crossroads of seas, civilizations, and trade 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sea is not a peripheral space, it's an essential infrastructure for our world.","start":7222.09,"end":7226.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7222.09,"end":7222.13},{"text":"sea","start":7222.13,"end":7222.49},{"text":"is","start":7222.49,"end":7222.57},{"text":"not","start":7222.57,"end":7222.77},{"text":"a","start":7222.77,"end":7222.81},{"text":"peripheral","start":7222.81,"end":7223.45},{"text":"space,","start":7223.45,"end":7224.13},{"text":"it's","start":7224.13,"end":7224.37},{"text":"an","start":7224.37,"end":7224.49},{"text":"essential","start":7224.49,"end":7225.05},{"text":"infrastructure","start":7225.05,"end":7225.77},{"text":"for","start":7225.77,"end":7226.09},{"text":"our","start":7226.13,"end":7226.21},{"text":"world.","start":7226.21,"end":7226.73}]},{"text":"And as any basic infrastructure, its security directly determines the security of all those who depend on 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Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7234.97,"end":7235.17},{"text":"behind","start":7235.17,"end":7235.49},{"text":"every","start":7235.49,"end":7235.69},{"text":"ship,","start":7235.69,"end":7236.33},{"text":"there","start":7236.41,"end":7236.65},{"text":"are","start":7236.65,"end":7236.73},{"text":"value","start":7236.73,"end":7237.13},{"text":"chains,","start":7237.13,"end":7237.85},{"text":"energy","start":7237.85,"end":7238.33},{"text":"supplies,","start":7238.33,"end":7239.29},{"text":"food,","start":7239.29,"end":7239.77},{"text":"medicines,","start":7239.77,"end":7240.49},{"text":"entire","start":7240.81,"end":7241.45},{"text":"economies.","start":7241.45,"end":7242.25}]},{"text":"About 90% of global trade is transported by sea.","start":7244.17,"end":7248.89,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"About","start":7244.17,"end":7245.41},{"text":"90%","start":7245.41,"end":7245.45},{"text":"of","start":7245.45,"end":7245.53},{"text":"global","start":7245.53,"end":7245.89},{"text":"trade","start":7245.89,"end":7246.57},{"text":"is","start":7247.05,"end":7247.53},{"text":"transported","start":7247.61,"end":7248.29},{"text":"by","start":7248.29,"end":7248.45},{"text":"sea.","start":7248.45,"end":7248.89}]},{"text":"and the value of this maritime trade is related to a number of strategic corridors.","start":7249.53,"end":7258.57,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."},{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":7249.53,"end":7249.61},{"text":"the","start":7249.61,"end":7249.69},{"text":"value","start":7249.69,"end":7250.65},{"text":"of","start":7250.65,"end":7250.89},{"text":"this","start":7250.89,"end":7251.21},{"text":"maritime","start":7251.21,"end":7252.01},{"text":"trade","start":7252.01,"end":7253.05},{"text":"is","start":7254.41,"end":7254.89},{"text":"related","start":7254.89,"end":7255.41},{"text":"to","start":7255.41,"end":7255.53},{"text":"a","start":7255.53,"end":7255.57},{"text":"number","start":7255.57,"end":7255.93},{"text":"of","start":7255.93,"end":7256.01},{"text":"strategic","start":7256.01,"end":7257.29},{"text":"corridors.","start":7257.53,"end":7258.57}]},{"text":"Here we have an inevitable paradox.","start":7259.21,"end":7261.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Here","start":7259.21,"end":7259.61},{"text":"we","start":7259.61,"end":7259.85},{"text":"have","start":7259.85,"end":7260.05},{"text":"an","start":7260.05,"end":7260.13},{"text":"inevitable","start":7260.13,"end":7260.65},{"text":"paradox.","start":7260.65,"end":7261.29}]},{"text":"Today, the more important and strategic a sea crossing is, the more fragile it becomes.","start":7261.29,"end":7265.69,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"Today,","start":7261.29,"end":7261.69},{"text":"the","start":7261.69,"end":7261.77},{"text":"more","start":7261.77,"end":7261.93},{"text":"important","start":7261.93,"end":7262.33},{"text":"and","start":7262.33,"end":7262.45},{"text":"strategic","start":7262.45,"end":7263.09},{"text":"a","start":7263.09,"end":7263.13},{"text":"sea","start":7263.13,"end":7263.45},{"text":"crossing","start":7263.45,"end":7263.93},{"text":"is,","start":7263.97,"end":7264.17},{"text":"the","start":7264.17,"end":7264.25},{"text":"more","start":7264.25,"end":7264.37},{"text":"fragile","start":7264.37,"end":7265.05},{"text":"it","start":7265.05,"end":7265.13},{"text":"becomes.","start":7265.13,"end":7265.69}]},{"text":"A danger in a geographically limited area can produce global implications.","start":7266.17,"end":7271.53,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"A","start":7266.17,"end":7266.21},{"text":"danger","start":7266.21,"end":7267.05},{"text":"in","start":7267.29,"end":7267.65},{"text":"a","start":7267.65,"end":7267.69},{"text":"geographically","start":7267.69,"end":7268.49},{"text":"limited","start":7268.49,"end":7269.13},{"text":"area","start":7269.13,"end":7269.37},{"text":"can","start":7269.37,"end":7269.61},{"text":"produce","start":7269.61,"end":7270.17},{"text":"global","start":7270.33,"end":7270.81},{"text":"implications.","start":7270.81,"end":7271.53}]},{"text":"What happens in a sea lane is no longer just a matter of navigation, but rather an issue that rises to the level of a threat to international peace and security.","start":7272.01,"end":7283.61,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"What","start":7272.01,"end":7272.29},{"text":"happens","start":7272.29,"end":7272.73},{"text":"in","start":7272.73,"end":7272.81},{"text":"a","start":7272.81,"end":7272.85},{"text":"sea","start":7272.85,"end":7273.29},{"text":"lane","start":7273.29,"end":7273.85},{"text":"is","start":7274.41,"end":7274.49},{"text":"no","start":7274.49,"end":7274.65},{"text":"longer","start":7274.65,"end":7274.97},{"text":"just","start":7274.97,"end":7275.25},{"text":"a","start":7275.25,"end":7275.29},{"text":"matter","start":7275.29,"end":7275.57},{"text":"of","start":7275.57,"end":7275.65},{"text":"navigation,","start":7275.65,"end":7276.49},{"text":"but","start":7276.73,"end":7276.97},{"text":"rather","start":7276.97,"end":7277.45},{"text":"an","start":7277.61,"end":7277.77},{"text":"issue","start":7277.77,"end":7278.33},{"text":"that","start":7278.33,"end":7278.57},{"text":"rises","start":7278.57,"end":7279.21},{"text":"to","start":7279.21,"end":7279.53},{"text":"the","start":7279.53,"end":7279.65},{"text":"level","start":7279.65,"end":7280.09},{"text":"of","start":7280.41,"end":7280.65},{"text":"a","start":7280.89,"end":7280.93},{"text":"threat","start":7280.93,"end":7281.45},{"text":"to","start":7281.85,"end":7282.01},{"text":"international","start":7282.01,"end":7282.65},{"text":"peace","start":7282.65,"end":7282.89},{"text":"and","start":7282.89,"end":7283.01},{"text":"security.","start":7283.01,"end":7283.61}]},{"text":"The Strait of Hormuz crisis has harshly brought us back to a bitter reality.","start":7284.81,"end":7291.69,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7284.81,"end":7284.93},{"text":"Strait","start":7284.93,"end":7285.25},{"text":"of","start":7285.25,"end":7285.33},{"text":"Hormuz","start":7285.33,"end":7285.69},{"text":"crisis","start":7285.69,"end":7286.41},{"text":"has","start":7286.89,"end":7287.37},{"text":"harshly","start":7288.25,"end":7288.81},{"text":"brought","start":7288.81,"end":7289.21},{"text":"us","start":7289.21,"end":7289.61},{"text":"back","start":7289.69,"end":7290.09},{"text":"to","start":7290.09,"end":7290.49},{"text":"a","start":7290.57,"end":7290.65},{"text":"bitter","start":7290.65,"end":7291.13},{"text":"reality.","start":7291.13,"end":7291.69}]},{"text":"Despite a legal framework, the international community still lacks mechanisms which can prevent crises.","start":7291.69,"end":7299.77,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"Despite","start":7291.69,"end":7292.13},{"text":"a","start":7292.13,"end":7292.17},{"text":"legal","start":7292.17,"end":7292.49},{"text":"framework,","start":7292.49,"end":7293.13},{"text":"the","start":7293.45,"end":7293.57},{"text":"international","start":7293.57,"end":7294.13},{"text":"community","start":7294.13,"end":7294.73},{"text":"still","start":7294.73,"end":7295.21},{"text":"lacks","start":7295.37,"end":7296.17},{"text":"mechanisms","start":7296.17,"end":7297.05},{"text":"which","start":7297.33,"end":7297.85},{"text":"can","start":7297.93,"end":7298.41},{"text":"prevent","start":7298.41,"end":7299.05},{"text":"crises.","start":7299.05,"end":7299.77}]},{"text":"and, where appropriate, manage them effectively.","start":7300.61,"end":7303.41,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."}],"words":[{"text":"and,","start":7300.61,"end":7300.85},{"text":"where","start":7300.93,"end":7301.33},{"text":"appropriate,","start":7301.33,"end":7301.97},{"text":"manage","start":7301.97,"end":7302.61},{"text":"them","start":7302.61,"end":7302.85},{"text":"effectively.","start":7302.85,"end":7303.41}]},{"text":"And the results of that are well known to one and all.","start":7303.41,"end":7306.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7303.41,"end":7303.61},{"text":"the","start":7303.61,"end":7303.69},{"text":"results","start":7303.69,"end":7304.21},{"text":"of","start":7304.21,"end":7304.45},{"text":"that","start":7304.45,"end":7304.77},{"text":"are","start":7304.77,"end":7304.85},{"text":"well","start":7304.85,"end":7305.01},{"text":"known","start":7305.01,"end":7305.25},{"text":"to","start":7305.25,"end":7305.37},{"text":"one","start":7305.37,"end":7305.73},{"text":"and","start":7305.73,"end":7305.85},{"text":"all.","start":7305.85,"end":7306.13}]},{"text":"We have about 70% drop in the oil traffic, an incredible rise in global energy prices, about 15 to 25%, disruption of vital supply chains, leaving tens of billions of dollars in losses.","start":7307.41,"end":7322.69,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."},{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7307.41,"end":7307.81},{"text":"have","start":7307.81,"end":7308.37},{"text":"about","start":7308.37,"end":7309.69},{"text":"70%","start":7309.69,"end":7309.73},{"text":"drop","start":7309.73,"end":7310.41},{"text":"in","start":7310.41,"end":7310.49},{"text":"the","start":7310.49,"end":7310.61},{"text":"oil","start":7310.61,"end":7310.93},{"text":"traffic,","start":7310.93,"end":7311.81},{"text":"an","start":7311.81,"end":7312.41},{"text":"incredible","start":7312.49,"end":7313.05},{"text":"rise","start":7313.05,"end":7313.41},{"text":"in","start":7313.41,"end":7313.53},{"text":"global","start":7313.53,"end":7313.85},{"text":"energy","start":7313.85,"end":7314.17},{"text":"prices,","start":7314.17,"end":7314.53},{"text":"about","start":7314.53,"end":7314.77},{"text":"15","start":7314.77,"end":7315.09},{"text":"to","start":7315.09,"end":7316.73},{"text":"25%,","start":7316.89,"end":7316.93},{"text":"disruption","start":7316.97,"end":7317.65},{"text":"of","start":7317.65,"end":7317.73},{"text":"vital","start":7317.73,"end":7318.05},{"text":"supply","start":7318.05,"end":7318.45},{"text":"chains,","start":7318.45,"end":7319.09},{"text":"leaving","start":7320.13,"end":7320.61},{"text":"tens","start":7320.61,"end":7321.01},{"text":"of","start":7321.01,"end":7321.09},{"text":"billions","start":7321.09,"end":7321.41},{"text":"of","start":7321.41,"end":7321.49},{"text":"dollars","start":7321.49,"end":7321.89},{"text":"in","start":7321.89,"end":7322.13},{"text":"losses.","start":7322.13,"end":7322.69}]},{"text":"And this puts food security of many countries at stake, in particular in Africa and Arab countries.","start":7323.13,"end":7330.49,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."},{"key":"vulnerable-economies","label":"Vulnerable Economies and Small States","description":"A consistent concern was the disproportionate impact of maritime disruption on developing countries, small island states, landlocked countries, and import-dependent economies. Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7323.13,"end":7323.41},{"text":"this","start":7323.41,"end":7324.01},{"text":"puts","start":7324.09,"end":7324.97},{"text":"food","start":7324.97,"end":7325.21},{"text":"security","start":7325.21,"end":7326.01},{"text":"of","start":7326.01,"end":7326.33},{"text":"many","start":7326.33,"end":7326.65},{"text":"countries","start":7326.65,"end":7327.45},{"text":"at","start":7327.53,"end":7327.69},{"text":"stake,","start":7327.69,"end":7328.17},{"text":"in","start":7328.33,"end":7328.49},{"text":"particular","start":7328.49,"end":7328.97},{"text":"in","start":7328.97,"end":7329.13},{"text":"Africa","start":7329.13,"end":7329.45},{"text":"and","start":7329.45,"end":7329.73},{"text":"Arab","start":7329.73,"end":7330.01},{"text":"countries.","start":7330.01,"end":7330.49}]},{"text":"The Houthis are trying to control the Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb.","start":7331.69,"end":7337.93,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."},{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. Speakers warned that maritime rules and response tools must adapt to these evolving and hybrid forms of insecurity."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7331.69,"end":7331.89},{"text":"Houthis","start":7332.17,"end":7333.05},{"text":"are","start":7333.13,"end":7333.61},{"text":"trying","start":7333.61,"end":7334.33},{"text":"to","start":7334.33,"end":7334.89},{"text":"control","start":7334.89,"end":7335.93},{"text":"the","start":7335.93,"end":7336.05},{"text":"Strait","start":7336.05,"end":7336.41},{"text":"of","start":7336.41,"end":7336.89},{"text":"Bab-el-Mandeb.","start":7336.89,"end":7337.93}]},{"text":"And this recalls for us the fact that the straits don't belong to states, any specific states.","start":7338.49,"end":7346.17,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."},{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. Speakers warned that maritime rules and response tools must adapt to these evolving and hybrid forms of insecurity."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7355.49,"end":7355.69},{"text":"that","start":7355.69,"end":7355.85},{"text":"is","start":7355.85,"end":7356.05},{"text":"why,","start":7356.05,"end":7356.37},{"text":"on","start":7356.37,"end":7356.61},{"text":"behalf","start":7356.61,"end":7356.89},{"text":"of","start":7356.89,"end":7357.01},{"text":"the","start":7357.01,"end":7357.13},{"text":"Kingdom","start":7357.13,"end":7357.49},{"text":"of","start":7357.49,"end":7357.57},{"text":"Morocco,","start":7357.57,"end":7358.05},{"text":"I'd","start":7358.05,"end":7358.33},{"text":"like","start":7358.33,"end":7358.61},{"text":"to","start":7358.61,"end":7359.01},{"text":"express","start":7359.25,"end":7359.97},{"text":"our","start":7359.97,"end":7360.53},{"text":"full","start":7360.53,"end":7361.09},{"text":"solidarity","start":7361.09,"end":7361.93},{"text":"with","start":7361.93,"end":7362.05},{"text":"the","start":7362.05,"end":7362.13},{"text":"Kingdom","start":7362.13,"end":7362.61},{"text":"of","start":7362.61,"end":7362.85},{"text":"Saudi","start":7362.85,"end":7363.33},{"text":"Arabia","start":7363.33,"end":7364.13},{"text":"in","start":7364.45,"end":7364.61},{"text":"the","start":7364.61,"end":7364.77},{"text":"face","start":7364.77,"end":7365.09},{"text":"of","start":7365.09,"end":7365.29},{"text":"a","start":7365.29,"end":7365.33},{"text":"cowardly","start":7365.33,"end":7365.89},{"text":"attack","start":7365.89,"end":7366.53},{"text":"by","start":7366.53,"end":7366.77},{"text":"the","start":7366.77,"end":7366.89},{"text":"Houthis.","start":7366.93,"end":7367.65}]},{"text":"All measures that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia will take to ensure its security and the security of its people need to be supported.","start":7368.73,"end":7376.77,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":7368.73,"end":7369.57},{"text":"measures","start":7369.57,"end":7370.13},{"text":"that","start":7370.13,"end":7370.25},{"text":"the","start":7370.25,"end":7370.33},{"text":"Kingdom","start":7370.33,"end":7370.69},{"text":"of","start":7370.73,"end":7371.09},{"text":"Saudi","start":7371.09,"end":7371.45},{"text":"Arabia","start":7371.45,"end":7371.93},{"text":"will","start":7371.93,"end":7372.21},{"text":"take","start":7372.37,"end":7372.69},{"text":"to","start":7372.69,"end":7372.85},{"text":"ensure","start":7372.85,"end":7373.41},{"text":"its","start":7373.41,"end":7373.85},{"text":"security","start":7373.85,"end":7374.49},{"text":"and","start":7374.49,"end":7374.61},{"text":"the","start":7374.61,"end":7374.69},{"text":"security","start":7374.69,"end":7375.17},{"text":"of","start":7375.17,"end":7375.29},{"text":"its","start":7375.29,"end":7375.41},{"text":"people","start":7375.41,"end":7375.81},{"text":"need","start":7375.81,"end":7375.97},{"text":"to","start":7375.97,"end":7376.05},{"text":"be","start":7376.05,"end":7376.21},{"text":"supported.","start":7376.21,"end":7376.77}]},{"text":"Mr. Chairman, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, Morocco is not just a coastal state, it's a maritime nation that we have decided to be.","start":7377.45,"end":7388.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":7377.45,"end":7377.89},{"text":"Chairman,","start":7377.89,"end":7378.37},{"text":"Excellencies,","start":7378.37,"end":7378.97},{"text":"Ladies","start":7378.97,"end":7379.25},{"text":"and","start":7379.25,"end":7379.37},{"text":"Gentlemen,","start":7379.37,"end":7379.97},{"text":"Morocco","start":7380.45,"end":7381.09},{"text":"is","start":7381.25,"end":7381.41},{"text":"not","start":7381.41,"end":7381.65},{"text":"just","start":7381.65,"end":7381.93},{"text":"a","start":7381.93,"end":7381.97},{"text":"coastal","start":7381.97,"end":7382.37},{"text":"state,","start":7382.37,"end":7382.85},{"text":"it's","start":7383.49,"end":7384.13},{"text":"a","start":7385.17,"end":7385.21},{"text":"maritime","start":7385.21,"end":7386.05},{"text":"nation","start":7386.05,"end":7387.01},{"text":"that","start":7387.01,"end":7387.33},{"text":"we","start":7387.33,"end":7387.57},{"text":"have","start":7387.57,"end":7387.73},{"text":"decided","start":7387.73,"end":7388.25},{"text":"to","start":7388.25,"end":7388.41},{"text":"be.","start":7388.41,"end":7388.85}]},{"text":"We therefore have a special responsibility when it comes to managing the Straits of Gibraltar between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.","start":7389.25,"end":7401.21,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"About","start":7405.69,"end":7406.01},{"text":"100,000","start":7406.01,"end":7406.97},{"text":"ships","start":7406.97,"end":7407.37},{"text":"pass","start":7407.37,"end":7407.73},{"text":"through","start":7407.73,"end":7407.93},{"text":"the","start":7407.93,"end":7408.05},{"text":"strait","start":7408.05,"end":7408.49},{"text":"each","start":7408.49,"end":7408.81},{"text":"year,","start":7408.81,"end":7409.29},{"text":"about","start":7409.29,"end":7409.61},{"text":"300","start":7409.61,"end":7410.25},{"text":"ships","start":7410.25,"end":7410.65},{"text":"a","start":7410.65,"end":7410.73},{"text":"day,","start":7410.73,"end":7411.53},{"text":"or","start":7411.93,"end":7412.41},{"text":"an","start":7412.65,"end":7412.89},{"text":"average","start":7412.89,"end":7413.45},{"text":"of","start":7413.45,"end":7413.77},{"text":"one","start":7413.85,"end":7414.41},{"text":"ship","start":7414.41,"end":7414.89},{"text":"every","start":7414.89,"end":7415.29},{"text":"five","start":7415.29,"end":7415.53},{"text":"minutes.","start":7415.53,"end":7416.09}]},{"text":"By comparison, navigation through the Strait of Gibraltar is five times that of the Suez Canal, or 11 times that of the Panama Canal, and nearly three times that of the Strait of Hormuz.","start":7418.25,"end":7432.65,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"or","start":7443.89,"end":7444.29},{"text":"a","start":7444.29,"end":7444.33},{"text":"way","start":7444.33,"end":7444.85},{"text":"of","start":7444.85,"end":7445.33},{"text":"exerting","start":7445.33,"end":7445.81},{"text":"pressure","start":7445.81,"end":7446.21},{"text":"or","start":7446.21,"end":7446.29},{"text":"blackmailing","start":7446.29,"end":7447.17},{"text":"a","start":7447.17,"end":7447.21},{"text":"country.","start":7447.21,"end":7447.89}]},{"text":"This is a tool for international cooperation, a means of contributing towards stability and development internationally.","start":7448.21,"end":7456.37,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":7448.21,"end":7448.53},{"text":"is","start":7448.53,"end":7448.73},{"text":"a","start":7448.73,"end":7448.77},{"text":"tool","start":7448.77,"end":7449.25},{"text":"for","start":7449.25,"end":7449.49},{"text":"international","start":7449.49,"end":7450.29},{"text":"cooperation,","start":7450.29,"end":7451.17},{"text":"a","start":7451.33,"end":7451.37},{"text":"means","start":7451.37,"end":7452.09},{"text":"of","start":7452.09,"end":7452.21},{"text":"contributing","start":7452.21,"end":7453.17},{"text":"towards","start":7453.17,"end":7453.97},{"text":"stability","start":7453.97,"end":7454.77},{"text":"and","start":7454.77,"end":7454.89},{"text":"development","start":7454.89,"end":7455.41},{"text":"internationally.","start":7455.41,"end":7456.37}]},{"text":"And on the basis of this vision, the Kingdom of Morocco calls on all of the countries to agree on a charter, which would be a code of conduct with best practices, including in it, to support the implementation of international law.","start":7457.41,"end":7479.97,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7457.41,"end":7457.97},{"text":"on","start":7457.97,"end":7458.13},{"text":"the","start":7458.13,"end":7458.25},{"text":"basis","start":7458.25,"end":7458.61},{"text":"of","start":7458.61,"end":7458.77},{"text":"this","start":7458.77,"end":7459.25},{"text":"vision,","start":7459.25,"end":7459.77},{"text":"the","start":7459.77,"end":7459.85},{"text":"Kingdom","start":7459.85,"end":7460.25},{"text":"of","start":7460.25,"end":7460.37},{"text":"Morocco","start":7460.37,"end":7460.93},{"text":"calls","start":7462.33,"end":7462.97},{"text":"on","start":7462.97,"end":7463.29},{"text":"all","start":7463.29,"end":7463.61},{"text":"of","start":7463.61,"end":7463.77},{"text":"the","start":7463.77,"end":7463.85},{"text":"countries","start":7463.85,"end":7465.13},{"text":"to","start":7465.37,"end":7465.49},{"text":"agree","start":7465.49,"end":7466.17},{"text":"on","start":7466.17,"end":7466.65},{"text":"a","start":7466.97,"end":7467.01},{"text":"charter,","start":7467.01,"end":7467.93},{"text":"which","start":7468.09,"end":7468.89},{"text":"would","start":7468.89,"end":7469.29},{"text":"be","start":7469.29,"end":7469.53},{"text":"a","start":7469.53,"end":7469.57},{"text":"code","start":7469.57,"end":7469.89},{"text":"of","start":7469.89,"end":7470.01},{"text":"conduct","start":7470.01,"end":7470.89},{"text":"with","start":7471.77,"end":7472.41},{"text":"best","start":7472.73,"end":7473.09},{"text":"practices,","start":7473.09,"end":7473.93},{"text":"including","start":7473.93,"end":7474.65},{"text":"in","start":7474.65,"end":7474.89},{"text":"it,","start":7474.89,"end":7475.21},{"text":"to","start":7476.41,"end":7476.97},{"text":"support","start":7477.37,"end":7477.93},{"text":"the","start":7477.93,"end":7478.01},{"text":"implementation","start":7478.01,"end":7478.65},{"text":"of","start":7478.65,"end":7478.73},{"text":"international","start":7478.73,"end":7479.89},{"text":"law.","start":7479.89,"end":7479.97}]},{"text":"And so is to avoid any polarization.","start":7480.97,"end":7484.09,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7480.97,"end":7481.25},{"text":"so","start":7481.25,"end":7481.53},{"text":"is","start":7481.53,"end":7481.69},{"text":"to","start":7481.69,"end":7482.05},{"text":"avoid","start":7482.05,"end":7482.73},{"text":"any","start":7482.73,"end":7483.05},{"text":"polarization.","start":7483.05,"end":7484.09}]},{"text":"No one can use these waterways as a means of blackmail.","start":7484.89,"end":7489.69,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"No","start":7484.89,"end":7485.05},{"text":"one","start":7485.05,"end":7485.61},{"text":"can","start":7485.69,"end":7486.01},{"text":"use","start":7486.01,"end":7486.57},{"text":"these","start":7486.57,"end":7487.29},{"text":"waterways","start":7487.29,"end":7488.09},{"text":"as","start":7488.17,"end":7488.53},{"text":"a","start":7488.53,"end":7488.57},{"text":"means","start":7488.57,"end":7488.85},{"text":"of","start":7488.85,"end":7488.93},{"text":"blackmail.","start":7488.93,"end":7489.69}]},{"text":"And that is why, once again, in coordination with the Kingdom of Bahrain, we expect to host a forum for this purpose, to discuss this issue.","start":7491.09,"end":7502.21,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. 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Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":7527.77,"end":7528.33},{"text":"a","start":7528.33,"end":7528.37},{"text":"sea","start":7528.37,"end":7528.69},{"text":"governed","start":7528.69,"end":7529.01},{"text":"by","start":7529.01,"end":7529.13},{"text":"law","start":7529.13,"end":7529.33},{"text":"is","start":7529.33,"end":7529.45},{"text":"a","start":7529.45,"end":7529.49},{"text":"sea","start":7529.49,"end":7529.85},{"text":"that","start":7529.85,"end":7530.01},{"text":"serves","start":7530.01,"end":7530.29},{"text":"peace,","start":7530.29,"end":7530.57},{"text":"development,","start":7530.57,"end":7531.05},{"text":"and","start":7531.05,"end":7531.17},{"text":"prosperity.","start":7531.17,"end":7531.69}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank 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brotherly Kingdom of Bahrain, and we thank you for assigning priority to this issue at the Security 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also thank the briefers for their statements.","start":7577.45,"end":7581.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7577.45,"end":7577.69},{"text":"also","start":7577.69,"end":7578.09},{"text":"thank","start":7578.09,"end":7578.49},{"text":"the","start":7578.49,"end":7578.57},{"text":"briefers","start":7578.57,"end":7579.21},{"text":"for","start":7579.37,"end":7579.93},{"text":"their","start":7580.17,"end":7580.81},{"text":"statements.","start":7581.13,"end":7581.85}]},{"text":"Mr. Chairman, the safety of supply chains and international trade The safety of energy is an integral part of international peace and security.","start":7582.33,"end":7592.73,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. 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The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":7582.33,"end":7582.89},{"text":"Chairman,","start":7582.89,"end":7583.53},{"text":"the","start":7583.53,"end":7583.65},{"text":"safety","start":7583.65,"end":7584.41},{"text":"of","start":7584.41,"end":7584.57},{"text":"supply","start":7584.57,"end":7584.97},{"text":"chains","start":7584.97,"end":7585.37},{"text":"and","start":7585.37,"end":7585.61},{"text":"international","start":7585.61,"end":7586.25},{"text":"trade","start":7586.25,"end":7586.89},{"text":"The","start":7587.45,"end":7587.65},{"text":"safety","start":7587.65,"end":7587.97},{"text":"of","start":7587.97,"end":7588.17},{"text":"energy","start":7588.25,"end":7588.81},{"text":"is","start":7588.81,"end":7589.01},{"text":"an","start":7589.01,"end":7589.09},{"text":"integral","start":7589.09,"end":7589.53},{"text":"part","start":7589.53,"end":7590.09},{"text":"of","start":7590.09,"end":7590.81},{"text":"international","start":7591.05,"end":7591.65},{"text":"peace","start":7591.65,"end":7591.93},{"text":"and","start":7591.93,"end":7592.05},{"text":"security.","start":7592.05,"end":7592.73}]},{"text":"Recent developments have shown that any threat can impact food security, fertilizers, and have serious consequences for the world economy.","start":7594.73,"end":7606.41,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."},{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"Recent","start":7594.73,"end":7595.13},{"text":"developments","start":7595.13,"end":7595.69},{"text":"have","start":7595.69,"end":7595.81},{"text":"shown","start":7595.81,"end":7596.57},{"text":"that","start":7596.97,"end":7597.45},{"text":"any","start":7598.41,"end":7598.73},{"text":"threat","start":7598.73,"end":7599.13},{"text":"can","start":7599.13,"end":7599.45},{"text":"impact","start":7599.69,"end":7600.49},{"text":"food","start":7600.69,"end":7601.13},{"text":"security,","start":7601.37,"end":7602.65},{"text":"fertilizers,","start":7602.65,"end":7603.69},{"text":"and","start":7604.01,"end":7604.17},{"text":"have","start":7604.17,"end":7604.33},{"text":"serious","start":7604.33,"end":7604.73},{"text":"consequences","start":7604.73,"end":7605.41},{"text":"for","start":7605.41,"end":7605.53},{"text":"the","start":7605.53,"end":7605.61},{"text":"world","start":7605.61,"end":7605.85},{"text":"economy.","start":7605.85,"end":7606.41}]},{"text":"We were all impacted by these disruptions.","start":7606.89,"end":7610.73,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. 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Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"However,","start":7610.73,"end":7611.53},{"text":"it","start":7611.53,"end":7611.85},{"text":"is","start":7611.85,"end":7612.17},{"text":"the","start":7612.17,"end":7612.25},{"text":"states","start":7612.25,"end":7612.73},{"text":"of","start":7612.73,"end":7613.13},{"text":"the","start":7613.13,"end":7613.25},{"text":"South","start":7613.25,"end":7613.85},{"text":"who","start":7613.85,"end":7614.33},{"text":"pay","start":7614.33,"end":7614.81},{"text":"the","start":7614.81,"end":7614.97},{"text":"higher","start":7614.97,"end":7615.45},{"text":"price","start":7615.45,"end":7616.01},{"text":"here.","start":7616.09,"end":7616.49}]},{"text":"The World Food Program is of the view that these continued disruptions could lead to food insecurity, acute food security for 540 million people, catastrophic consequences for numerous countries.","start":7617.21,"end":7634.73,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. 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Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7617.21,"end":7617.49},{"text":"World","start":7617.49,"end":7617.93},{"text":"Food","start":7617.93,"end":7618.25},{"text":"Program","start":7618.25,"end":7618.73},{"text":"is","start":7618.73,"end":7619.01},{"text":"of","start":7619.01,"end":7619.13},{"text":"the","start":7619.13,"end":7619.25},{"text":"view","start":7619.25,"end":7619.93},{"text":"that","start":7619.93,"end":7620.57},{"text":"these","start":7620.97,"end":7621.45},{"text":"continued","start":7621.45,"end":7621.97},{"text":"disruptions","start":7621.97,"end":7622.81},{"text":"could","start":7623.61,"end":7624.01},{"text":"lead","start":7624.01,"end":7624.81},{"text":"to","start":7624.81,"end":7625.21},{"text":"food","start":7625.21,"end":7625.85},{"text":"insecurity,","start":7625.85,"end":7626.97},{"text":"acute","start":7627.77,"end":7628.69},{"text":"food","start":7628.69,"end":7628.93},{"text":"security","start":7628.93,"end":7629.77},{"text":"for","start":7629.77,"end":7629.93},{"text":"540","start":7629.93,"end":7630.97},{"text":"million","start":7630.97,"end":7631.37},{"text":"people,","start":7631.37,"end":7631.93},{"text":"catastrophic","start":7632.17,"end":7632.93},{"text":"consequences","start":7632.93,"end":7633.53},{"text":"for","start":7633.53,"end":7633.77},{"text":"numerous","start":7633.77,"end":7634.09},{"text":"countries.","start":7634.09,"end":7634.73}]},{"text":"And the United Arab Emirates, uh, underscore the importance of ensuring supply chains, in particular, energy chains, without additional costs and in line with international law and whilst respecting the sovereignty of states.","start":7636.49,"end":7649.65,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. 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State"}},{"statement_number":43,"start":7683.21,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=2:08:04","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank you, Minister.","start":7683.21,"end":7686.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7683.21,"end":7683.37},{"text":"thank","start":7683.77,"end":7684.17},{"text":"you,","start":7684.97,"end":7685.37},{"text":"Minister.","start":7685.53,"end":7686.41}]},{"text":"Portugal now, please.","start":7686.41,"end":7687.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Portugal","start":7686.41,"end":7687.05},{"text":"now,","start":7687.05,"end":7687.21},{"text":"please.","start":7687.21,"end":7687.53}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdulatif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":44,"start":7694.11,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=2:08:15","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"And I thank the Kingdom of Bahrain for convening this important meeting, and to you, Mr. Minister, to be here with us in this 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also thank the briefers for their insights.","start":7705.43,"end":7707.91,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7705.43,"end":7705.51},{"text":"also","start":7705.51,"end":7705.83},{"text":"thank","start":7705.83,"end":7705.99},{"text":"the","start":7705.99,"end":7706.11},{"text":"briefers","start":7706.11,"end":7706.63},{"text":"for","start":7706.71,"end":7706.91},{"text":"their","start":7706.91,"end":7707.15},{"text":"insights.","start":7707.15,"end":7707.91}]},{"text":"The continuous security escalation around the Strait of Hormuz and the Red Sea is alarming and confirms the urgency of viable solutions to protect freedom of navigation and maritime security.","start":7709.05,"end":7720.65,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7747.77,"end":7747.93},{"text":"protection","start":7747.93,"end":7748.53},{"text":"of","start":7748.53,"end":7748.65},{"text":"commercial","start":7748.65,"end":7749.21},{"text":"shipping","start":7749.21,"end":7749.77},{"text":"and","start":7749.77,"end":7749.97},{"text":"navigational","start":7749.97,"end":7750.69},{"text":"freedom","start":7750.69,"end":7751.21},{"text":"is","start":7751.45,"end":7751.69},{"text":"essential","start":7751.69,"end":7752.41},{"text":"everywhere,","start":7752.41,"end":7753.13},{"text":"especially","start":7753.13,"end":7753.85},{"text":"on","start":7753.85,"end":7754.09},{"text":"critical","start":7754.09,"end":7754.57},{"text":"shipping","start":7754.57,"end":7755.05},{"text":"lanes","start":7755.05,"end":7755.53},{"text":"and","start":7755.77,"end":7755.97},{"text":"choke","start":7755.97,"end":7756.25},{"text":"points,","start":7756.25,"end":7756.73},{"text":"whether","start":7756.73,"end":7757.13},{"text":"on","start":7757.13,"end":7757.29},{"text":"the","start":7757.29,"end":7757.37},{"text":"Strait","start":7757.37,"end":7757.77},{"text":"of","start":7757.77,"end":7757.89},{"text":"Hormuz","start":7757.89,"end":7758.33},{"text":"or","start":7758.41,"end":7758.97},{"text":"the","start":7759.13,"end":7759.29},{"text":"Black","start":7759.29,"end":7759.61},{"text":"Sea.","start":7759.61,"end":7759.93}]},{"text":"Hence, we must explore all opportunities for dialogue and for diplomacy to ensure freedom of navigation, including safe and toll-free passage, wherever it might be challenged.","start":7760.81,"end":7773.61,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":7774.69,"end":7775.33},{"text":"disruptions","start":7775.49,"end":7776.37},{"text":"of","start":7776.37,"end":7776.49},{"text":"the","start":7776.49,"end":7776.61},{"text":"global","start":7776.61,"end":7777.25},{"text":"economy","start":7778.17,"end":7778.77},{"text":"have","start":7778.77,"end":7778.93},{"text":"severe","start":7778.93,"end":7779.41},{"text":"impact","start":7779.41,"end":7780.13},{"text":"on","start":7780.13,"end":7780.37},{"text":"food","start":7780.37,"end":7780.77},{"text":"and","start":7780.85,"end":7781.09},{"text":"energy","start":7781.09,"end":7781.49},{"text":"security.","start":7781.49,"end":7782.21}]},{"text":"My country welcomes the UN Secretary General's initiative to establish a technical mechanism in the Strait of Hormuz and the Black Sea, led by the US Chief Moreira da Silva.","start":7783.49,"end":7793.81,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"My","start":7783.49,"end":7783.73},{"text":"country","start":7783.73,"end":7784.05},{"text":"welcomes","start":7784.05,"end":7784.77},{"text":"the","start":7784.77,"end":7784.89},{"text":"UN","start":7784.89,"end":7785.17},{"text":"Secretary","start":7785.17,"end":7785.65},{"text":"General's","start":7785.65,"end":7786.17},{"text":"initiative","start":7786.17,"end":7786.77},{"text":"to","start":7786.77,"end":7786.85},{"text":"establish","start":7786.85,"end":7787.41},{"text":"a","start":7787.41,"end":7787.45},{"text":"technical","start":7787.45,"end":7787.97},{"text":"mechanism","start":7787.97,"end":7788.69},{"text":"in","start":7788.85,"end":7789.01},{"text":"the","start":7789.01,"end":7789.09},{"text":"Strait","start":7789.09,"end":7789.41},{"text":"of","start":7789.41,"end":7789.53},{"text":"Hormuz","start":7789.53,"end":7790.05},{"text":"and","start":7790.21,"end":7790.33},{"text":"the","start":7790.33,"end":7790.45},{"text":"Black","start":7790.45,"end":7790.65},{"text":"Sea,","start":7790.65,"end":7791.09},{"text":"led","start":7791.41,"end":7791.65},{"text":"by","start":7791.65,"end":7791.89},{"text":"the","start":7791.89,"end":7792.05},{"text":"US","start":7792.21,"end":7792.45},{"text":"Chief","start":7792.45,"end":7792.89},{"text":"Moreira","start":7792.89,"end":7793.33},{"text":"da","start":7793.33,"end":7793.41},{"text":"Silva.","start":7793.41,"end":7793.81}]},{"text":"This aims to contribute to the regular flow of strategic trade routes and thus fulfilling the humanitarian purpose of ensuring the supply of food energy, and fertilizers.","start":7793.81,"end":7805.81,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":7793.81,"end":7794.13},{"text":"aims","start":7794.13,"end":7794.45},{"text":"to","start":7794.45,"end":7794.53},{"text":"contribute","start":7794.53,"end":7795.13},{"text":"to","start":7795.13,"end":7795.25},{"text":"the","start":7795.25,"end":7795.37},{"text":"regular","start":7795.37,"end":7796.05},{"text":"flow","start":7796.29,"end":7796.89},{"text":"of","start":7796.89,"end":7796.97},{"text":"strategic","start":7796.97,"end":7797.65},{"text":"trade","start":7797.65,"end":7797.97},{"text":"routes","start":7797.97,"end":7798.45},{"text":"and","start":7798.77,"end":7799.05},{"text":"thus","start":7799.05,"end":7799.33},{"text":"fulfilling","start":7799.33,"end":7800.13},{"text":"the","start":7800.53,"end":7800.65},{"text":"humanitarian","start":7800.65,"end":7801.41},{"text":"purpose","start":7801.41,"end":7801.89},{"text":"of","start":7801.89,"end":7802.05},{"text":"ensuring","start":7802.05,"end":7802.49},{"text":"the","start":7802.49,"end":7802.61},{"text":"supply","start":7802.61,"end":7803.09},{"text":"of","start":7803.09,"end":7803.17},{"text":"food","start":7803.17,"end":7803.65},{"text":"energy,","start":7804.05,"end":7804.69},{"text":"and","start":7804.69,"end":7804.89},{"text":"fertilizers.","start":7804.89,"end":7805.81}]},{"text":"We urge all relevant parties to fully engage with UNOPS efforts to this end.","start":7806.53,"end":7811.37,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. 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Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":7826.81,"end":7827.09},{"text":"regional","start":7827.49,"end":7827.97},{"text":"cooperation","start":7827.97,"end":7828.77},{"text":"and","start":7828.77,"end":7829.01},{"text":"information","start":7829.01,"end":7829.65},{"text":"sharing","start":7829.65,"end":7830.05},{"text":"are","start":7830.05,"end":7830.21},{"text":"crucial.","start":7830.21,"end":7830.77}]},{"text":"The Atlantic Center, an initiative established by Portugal and comprising almost 30 member states, plays a central role in assessing threats, enhancing maritime security knowledge, and implementing multilateral capacity-building projects in the Atlantic, an experience that can and should be shared in other geographies.","start":7832.17,"end":7852.17,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":7832.17,"end":7832.29},{"text":"Atlantic","start":7832.29,"end":7832.73},{"text":"Center,","start":7832.73,"end":7833.17},{"text":"an","start":7833.17,"end":7833.29},{"text":"initiative","start":7833.29,"end":7833.85},{"text":"established","start":7833.85,"end":7834.25},{"text":"by","start":7834.25,"end":7834.41},{"text":"Portugal","start":7834.41,"end":7834.93},{"text":"and","start":7834.93,"end":7835.05},{"text":"comprising","start":7835.05,"end":7835.85},{"text":"almost","start":7835.85,"end":7836.65},{"text":"30","start":7836.65,"end":7836.93},{"text":"member","start":7836.93,"end":7837.29},{"text":"states,","start":7837.29,"end":7837.69},{"text":"plays","start":7837.69,"end":7838.09},{"text":"a","start":7838.09,"end":7838.17},{"text":"central","start":7838.17,"end":7838.61},{"text":"role","start":7838.61,"end":7838.93},{"text":"in","start":7838.93,"end":7839.05},{"text":"assessing","start":7839.05,"end":7839.61},{"text":"threats,","start":7839.61,"end":7840.17},{"text":"enhancing","start":7840.53,"end":7840.97},{"text":"maritime","start":7840.97,"end":7841.49},{"text":"security","start":7841.49,"end":7842.09},{"text":"knowledge,","start":7842.09,"end":7842.73},{"text":"and","start":7842.89,"end":7843.09},{"text":"implementing","start":7843.09,"end":7843.69},{"text":"multilateral","start":7843.69,"end":7844.37},{"text":"capacity-building","start":7844.37,"end":7845.29},{"text":"projects","start":7845.29,"end":7845.85},{"text":"in","start":7846.09,"end":7846.25},{"text":"the","start":7846.25,"end":7846.37},{"text":"Atlantic,","start":7846.37,"end":7847.05},{"text":"an","start":7847.65,"end":7847.77},{"text":"experience","start":7847.77,"end":7848.41},{"text":"that","start":7848.41,"end":7848.65},{"text":"can","start":7848.65,"end":7849.05},{"text":"and","start":7849.73,"end":7849.85},{"text":"should","start":7849.85,"end":7850.17},{"text":"be","start":7850.17,"end":7850.33},{"text":"shared","start":7850.33,"end":7850.77},{"text":"in","start":7850.89,"end":7851.09},{"text":"other","start":7851.09,"end":7851.29},{"text":"geographies.","start":7851.29,"end":7852.17}]},{"text":"So, Mr. Chair, in a fragmented world, The rule of law remains our strongest common language for peace and cooperation.","start":7852.81,"end":7861.13,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"So,","start":7852.81,"end":7852.97},{"text":"Mr.","start":7852.97,"end":7853.29},{"text":"Chair,","start":7853.29,"end":7853.77},{"text":"in","start":7853.77,"end":7853.93},{"text":"a","start":7853.93,"end":7854.01},{"text":"fragmented","start":7854.01,"end":7854.65},{"text":"world,","start":7854.65,"end":7855.13},{"text":"The","start":7855.77,"end":7855.89},{"text":"rule","start":7855.89,"end":7856.13},{"text":"of","start":7856.13,"end":7856.25},{"text":"law","start":7856.25,"end":7856.41},{"text":"remains","start":7856.41,"end":7856.97},{"text":"our","start":7856.97,"end":7857.13},{"text":"strongest","start":7857.13,"end":7858.65},{"text":"common","start":7858.65,"end":7859.05},{"text":"language","start":7859.05,"end":7859.61},{"text":"for","start":7859.61,"end":7859.77},{"text":"peace","start":7859.77,"end":7860.17},{"text":"and","start":7860.17,"end":7860.41},{"text":"cooperation.","start":7860.41,"end":7861.13}]},{"text":"Ultimately, upholding maritime treaty obligations is not only a legal requirement, but a shared responsibility.","start":7861.37,"end":7869.77,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"Ultimately,","start":7861.37,"end":7862.17},{"text":"upholding","start":7862.41,"end":7863.05},{"text":"maritime","start":7863.05,"end":7863.61},{"text":"treaty","start":7863.61,"end":7863.93},{"text":"obligations","start":7863.93,"end":7864.73},{"text":"is","start":7865.05,"end":7865.29},{"text":"not","start":7865.29,"end":7865.53},{"text":"only","start":7865.53,"end":7865.77},{"text":"a","start":7865.77,"end":7865.81},{"text":"legal","start":7865.81,"end":7866.17},{"text":"requirement,","start":7866.17,"end":7866.89},{"text":"but","start":7867.29,"end":7867.53},{"text":"a","start":7867.53,"end":7867.57},{"text":"shared","start":7867.57,"end":7868.53},{"text":"responsibility.","start":7868.97,"end":7869.77}]},{"text":"I thank you, Mr. Chairman.","start":7869.77,"end":7874.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7869.77,"end":7869.85},{"text":"thank","start":7869.85,"end":7870.13},{"text":"you,","start":7870.13,"end":7870.21},{"text":"Mr.","start":7870.21,"end":7870.81},{"text":"Chairman.","start":7873.01,"end":7874.45}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"PRT","affiliation_full":"Portugal","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":45,"start":7875.93,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=2:11:16","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Portugal.","start":7875.93,"end":7878.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7875.93,"end":7876.01},{"text":"thank","start":7876.09,"end":7876.57},{"text":"the","start":7876.57,"end":7876.65},{"text":"distinguished","start":7876.65,"end":7877.21},{"text":"representative","start":7877.21,"end":7877.85},{"text":"of","start":7877.85,"end":7877.93},{"text":"Portugal.","start":7877.93,"end":7878.45}]},{"text":"I would request Member States to please not exceed three minutes in their statements, and I thank you for your cooperation.","start":7885.17,"end":7894.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7885.17,"end":7885.41},{"text":"would","start":7886.77,"end":7887.09},{"text":"request","start":7887.09,"end":7887.49},{"text":"Member","start":7887.49,"end":7887.77},{"text":"States","start":7887.77,"end":7888.13},{"text":"to","start":7888.13,"end":7888.29},{"text":"please","start":7888.29,"end":7889.73},{"text":"not","start":7890.37,"end":7890.61},{"text":"exceed","start":7890.61,"end":7890.97},{"text":"three","start":7890.97,"end":7891.17},{"text":"minutes","start":7891.17,"end":7891.65},{"text":"in","start":7891.65,"end":7891.85},{"text":"their","start":7891.85,"end":7892.05},{"text":"statements,","start":7892.05,"end":7892.77},{"text":"and","start":7893.09,"end":7893.25},{"text":"I","start":7893.25,"end":7893.33},{"text":"thank","start":7893.33,"end":7893.57},{"text":"you","start":7893.57,"end":7893.65},{"text":"for","start":7893.65,"end":7893.81},{"text":"your","start":7893.81,"end":7893.97},{"text":"cooperation.","start":7893.97,"end":7894.69}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to Australia.","start":7894.93,"end":7896.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":7894.93,"end":7895.01},{"text":"now","start":7895.01,"end":7895.17},{"text":"give","start":7895.17,"end":7895.41},{"text":"the","start":7895.41,"end":7895.49},{"text":"floor","start":7895.49,"end":7896.21},{"text":"to","start":7896.21,"end":7896.37},{"text":"Australia.","start":7896.37,"end":7896.93}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdulatif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":46,"start":7899.41,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=2:11:40","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair, and thank you very much indeed for Bahrain to convene this important discussion.","start":7899.41,"end":7906.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":7899.41,"end":7899.81},{"text":"you,","start":7899.81,"end":7900.05},{"text":"Chair,","start":7900.45,"end":7900.89},{"text":"and","start":7900.89,"end":7901.09},{"text":"thank","start":7901.17,"end":7901.41},{"text":"you","start":7901.41,"end":7901.49},{"text":"very","start":7901.49,"end":7901.65},{"text":"much","start":7901.65,"end":7901.81},{"text":"indeed","start":7901.81,"end":7902.29},{"text":"for","start":7903.41,"end":7903.57},{"text":"Bahrain","start":7903.57,"end":7903.97},{"text":"to","start":7903.97,"end":7904.13},{"text":"convene","start":7904.13,"end":7904.57},{"text":"this","start":7904.57,"end":7904.85},{"text":"important","start":7905.01,"end":7905.45},{"text":"discussion.","start":7905.45,"end":7906.05}]},{"text":"So disruptions to shipping in the Strait of Hormuz, the Gulf of Oman and the Red Sea have all highlighted the vulnerability of critical maritime routes and their direct relevance to international peace and security.","start":7906.85,"end":7921.25,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"So","start":7906.85,"end":7907.17},{"text":"disruptions","start":7907.17,"end":7907.97},{"text":"to","start":7907.97,"end":7908.21},{"text":"shipping","start":7908.29,"end":7908.69},{"text":"in","start":7908.69,"end":7908.77},{"text":"the","start":7908.77,"end":7908.89},{"text":"Strait","start":7908.89,"end":7909.17},{"text":"of","start":7909.17,"end":7909.25},{"text":"Hormuz,","start":7909.25,"end":7909.89},{"text":"the","start":7909.97,"end":7910.17},{"text":"Gulf","start":7910.17,"end":7910.45},{"text":"of","start":7910.45,"end":7910.61},{"text":"Oman","start":7910.61,"end":7911.25},{"text":"and","start":7911.25,"end":7911.37},{"text":"the","start":7911.37,"end":7911.49},{"text":"Red","start":7911.49,"end":7911.73},{"text":"Sea","start":7911.73,"end":7912.29},{"text":"have","start":7912.53,"end":7912.85},{"text":"all","start":7912.85,"end":7913.33},{"text":"highlighted","start":7913.33,"end":7914.29},{"text":"the","start":7914.45,"end":7914.57},{"text":"vulnerability","start":7914.57,"end":7915.81},{"text":"of","start":7915.85,"end":7915.97},{"text":"critical","start":7915.97,"end":7916.53},{"text":"maritime","start":7916.53,"end":7917.17},{"text":"routes","start":7917.17,"end":7917.65},{"text":"and","start":7917.89,"end":7918.09},{"text":"their","start":7918.09,"end":7918.21},{"text":"direct","start":7918.21,"end":7918.61},{"text":"relevance","start":7918.61,"end":7919.09},{"text":"to","start":7919.09,"end":7919.21},{"text":"international","start":7919.21,"end":7919.97},{"text":"peace","start":7919.97,"end":7920.45},{"text":"and","start":7920.45,"end":7920.65},{"text":"security.","start":7920.65,"end":7921.25}]},{"text":"Australia condemns Iran's de facto closure of the Strait of Hormuz, including its attacks against commercial vessels, civilian infrastructure and energy facilities.","start":7922.05,"end":7932.37,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. Speakers warned that maritime rules and response tools must adapt to these evolving and hybrid forms of insecurity."}],"words":[{"text":"Australia","start":7922.05,"end":7922.53},{"text":"condemns","start":7922.53,"end":7923.17},{"text":"Iran's","start":7923.17,"end":7923.65},{"text":"de","start":7923.65,"end":7923.81},{"text":"facto","start":7923.81,"end":7924.21},{"text":"closure","start":7924.21,"end":7924.77},{"text":"of","start":7924.77,"end":7924.85},{"text":"the","start":7924.85,"end":7924.97},{"text":"Strait","start":7924.97,"end":7925.21},{"text":"of","start":7925.21,"end":7925.29},{"text":"Hormuz,","start":7925.29,"end":7925.89},{"text":"including","start":7926.13,"end":7926.77},{"text":"its","start":7926.77,"end":7926.93},{"text":"attacks","start":7926.93,"end":7927.57},{"text":"against","start":7928.21,"end":7928.61},{"text":"commercial","start":7928.61,"end":7929.09},{"text":"vessels,","start":7929.09,"end":7929.65},{"text":"civilian","start":7929.65,"end":7930.13},{"text":"infrastructure","start":7930.13,"end":7930.89},{"text":"and","start":7930.89,"end":7931.25},{"text":"energy","start":7931.25,"end":7931.65},{"text":"facilities.","start":7931.65,"end":7932.37}]},{"text":"We also condemn recent Houthi attacks against Saudi Arabia and threats to freedom of navigation through the Bab el-Mandab Strait.","start":7933.05,"end":7941.61,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":7933.05,"end":7933.29},{"text":"also","start":7933.29,"end":7933.69},{"text":"condemn","start":7933.69,"end":7934.33},{"text":"recent","start":7934.41,"end":7934.85},{"text":"Houthi","start":7934.85,"end":7935.13},{"text":"attacks","start":7935.13,"end":7935.61},{"text":"against","start":7935.69,"end":7936.13},{"text":"Saudi","start":7936.13,"end":7936.41},{"text":"Arabia","start":7936.41,"end":7936.89},{"text":"and","start":7937.37,"end":7937.57},{"text":"threats","start":7937.57,"end":7938.17},{"text":"to","start":7938.17,"end":7938.33},{"text":"freedom","start":7938.33,"end":7938.77},{"text":"of","start":7938.77,"end":7938.89},{"text":"navigation","start":7938.89,"end":7939.69},{"text":"through","start":7939.69,"end":7939.85},{"text":"the","start":7939.85,"end":7940.01},{"text":"Bab","start":7940.01,"end":7940.33},{"text":"el-Mandab","start":7940.33,"end":7941.13},{"text":"Strait.","start":7941.13,"end":7941.61}]},{"text":"Safe passage through these vital corridors is critical to global supply chains and energy markets, and we cannot allow them to be weaponised.","start":7942.33,"end":7951.61,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."},{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"Safe","start":7942.33,"end":7942.65},{"text":"passage","start":7942.65,"end":7943.29},{"text":"through","start":7943.37,"end":7943.61},{"text":"these","start":7943.61,"end":7943.77},{"text":"vital","start":7943.77,"end":7944.09},{"text":"corridors","start":7944.09,"end":7944.81},{"text":"is","start":7945.13,"end":7945.45},{"text":"critical","start":7945.45,"end":7946.01},{"text":"to","start":7946.01,"end":7946.13},{"text":"global","start":7946.13,"end":7946.49},{"text":"supply","start":7946.49,"end":7946.97},{"text":"chains","start":7946.97,"end":7947.53},{"text":"and","start":7947.61,"end":7947.85},{"text":"energy","start":7947.85,"end":7948.17},{"text":"markets,","start":7948.17,"end":7948.73},{"text":"and","start":7949.13,"end":7949.37},{"text":"we","start":7949.37,"end":7949.53},{"text":"cannot","start":7949.53,"end":7950.01},{"text":"allow","start":7950.01,"end":7950.33},{"text":"them","start":7950.33,"end":7950.57},{"text":"to","start":7950.57,"end":7950.69},{"text":"be","start":7950.69,"end":7950.89},{"text":"weaponised.","start":7950.89,"end":7951.61}]},{"text":"Australia and the world need freedom of navigation to be restored in the Middle East.","start":7952.33,"end":7958.33,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."},{"key":"vulnerable-economies","label":"Vulnerable Economies and Small States","description":"A consistent concern was the disproportionate impact of maritime disruption on developing countries, small island states, landlocked countries, and import-dependent economies. Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"First,","start":7977.37,"end":7977.85},{"text":"when","start":7978.25,"end":7978.49},{"text":"critical","start":7978.49,"end":7978.89},{"text":"waterways","start":7978.89,"end":7979.53},{"text":"are","start":7979.53,"end":7979.61},{"text":"closed","start":7979.61,"end":7980.21},{"text":"or","start":7980.33,"end":7980.49},{"text":"threatened,","start":7980.49,"end":7981.13},{"text":"people","start":7981.37,"end":7981.77},{"text":"pay","start":7981.77,"end":7982.01},{"text":"the","start":7982.01,"end":7982.13},{"text":"price.","start":7982.13,"end":7982.65}]},{"text":"In our region, Pacific Island countries are uniquely exposed to supply chain disruptions, rising fuel costs, and shortages that threaten essential services and food security.","start":7983.21,"end":7994.89,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. 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Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":7983.21,"end":7983.45},{"text":"our","start":7983.45,"end":7983.57},{"text":"region,","start":7983.57,"end":7984.09},{"text":"Pacific","start":7984.25,"end":7984.73},{"text":"Island","start":7984.73,"end":7985.09},{"text":"countries","start":7985.09,"end":7985.69},{"text":"are","start":7985.69,"end":7985.81},{"text":"uniquely","start":7985.81,"end":7986.49},{"text":"exposed","start":7986.49,"end":7987.29},{"text":"to","start":7987.53,"end":7987.77},{"text":"supply","start":7987.77,"end":7988.17},{"text":"chain","start":7988.17,"end":7988.45},{"text":"disruptions,","start":7988.45,"end":7989.21},{"text":"rising","start":7989.53,"end":7990.01},{"text":"fuel","start":7990.01,"end":7990.25},{"text":"costs,","start":7990.25,"end":7990.73},{"text":"and","start":7990.97,"end":7991.17},{"text":"shortages","start":7991.17,"end":7991.85},{"text":"that","start":7991.85,"end":7992.01},{"text":"threaten","start":7992.01,"end":7992.41},{"text":"essential","start":7992.41,"end":7992.97},{"text":"services","start":7992.97,"end":7993.53},{"text":"and","start":7993.77,"end":7993.97},{"text":"food","start":7993.97,"end":7994.25},{"text":"security.","start":7994.25,"end":7994.89}]},{"text":"Second, the flow of trade that sustains our shared future depends not only on ships and sea lanes, but also on the rules that govern them.","start":7995.21,"end":8004.89,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":7995.21,"end":7995.85},{"text":"the","start":7996.33,"end":7996.45},{"text":"flow","start":7996.45,"end":7996.65},{"text":"of","start":7996.65,"end":7996.73},{"text":"trade","start":7996.73,"end":7997.29},{"text":"that","start":7997.53,"end":7997.69},{"text":"sustains","start":7997.69,"end":7998.33},{"text":"our","start":7998.33,"end":7998.49},{"text":"shared","start":7998.49,"end":7998.81},{"text":"future","start":7998.81,"end":7999.37},{"text":"depends","start":7999.61,"end":8000.25},{"text":"not","start":8000.33,"end":8000.57},{"text":"only","start":8000.57,"end":8000.89},{"text":"on","start":8000.89,"end":8001.13},{"text":"ships","start":8001.13,"end":8001.61},{"text":"and","start":8001.61,"end":8001.85},{"text":"sea","start":8001.85,"end":8002.01},{"text":"lanes,","start":8002.01,"end":8002.57},{"text":"but","start":8002.81,"end":8002.97},{"text":"also","start":8002.97,"end":8003.45},{"text":"on","start":8003.45,"end":8003.61},{"text":"the","start":8003.61,"end":8003.69},{"text":"rules","start":8003.69,"end":8004.17},{"text":"that","start":8004.17,"end":8004.33},{"text":"govern","start":8004.33,"end":8004.65},{"text":"them.","start":8004.65,"end":8004.89}]},{"text":"Australia will continue to champion the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.","start":8005.49,"end":8010.45,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. 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Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"Navigational","start":8010.77,"end":8011.49},{"text":"rights","start":8011.49,"end":8011.77},{"text":"and","start":8011.77,"end":8011.89},{"text":"freedoms","start":8011.89,"end":8012.45},{"text":"must","start":8012.53,"end":8012.89},{"text":"be","start":8012.89,"end":8013.01},{"text":"respected","start":8013.01,"end":8013.57},{"text":"and","start":8013.81,"end":8014.01},{"text":"disputes","start":8014.01,"end":8014.45},{"text":"must","start":8014.45,"end":8014.77},{"text":"be","start":8014.77,"end":8014.85},{"text":"resolved","start":8014.85,"end":8015.25},{"text":"peacefully","start":8015.25,"end":8015.89},{"text":"in","start":8016.05,"end":8016.21},{"text":"accordance","start":8016.21,"end":8016.69},{"text":"with","start":8016.69,"end":8016.93},{"text":"international","start":8017.01,"end":8017.97},{"text":"law.","start":8017.97,"end":8018.05}]},{"text":"And third, maritime security challenges transcend national boundaries and cannot be addressed by any state acting alone.","start":8018.81,"end":8026.93,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":8018.81,"end":8018.97},{"text":"third,","start":8018.97,"end":8019.41},{"text":"maritime","start":8019.81,"end":8020.45},{"text":"security","start":8020.45,"end":8021.01},{"text":"challenges","start":8021.01,"end":8021.57},{"text":"transcend","start":8021.57,"end":8022.29},{"text":"national","start":8022.29,"end":8022.73},{"text":"boundaries","start":8022.73,"end":8023.25},{"text":"and","start":8023.49,"end":8023.73},{"text":"cannot","start":8023.73,"end":8024.05},{"text":"be","start":8024.05,"end":8024.21},{"text":"addressed","start":8024.21,"end":8024.77},{"text":"by","start":8024.93,"end":8025.17},{"text":"any","start":8025.17,"end":8025.49},{"text":"state","start":8025.49,"end":8025.89},{"text":"acting","start":8025.89,"end":8026.37},{"text":"alone.","start":8026.37,"end":8026.93}]},{"text":"We must strengthen practical cooperation, including information sharing, maritime domain awareness, and coordination between states, the multilateral system, and industry.","start":8027.57,"end":8038.21,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8027.57,"end":8027.73},{"text":"must","start":8027.73,"end":8028.13},{"text":"strengthen","start":8028.13,"end":8028.69},{"text":"practical","start":8028.69,"end":8029.17},{"text":"cooperation,","start":8029.17,"end":8030.05},{"text":"including","start":8030.29,"end":8030.85},{"text":"information","start":8030.85,"end":8031.49},{"text":"sharing,","start":8031.49,"end":8031.97},{"text":"maritime","start":8032.29,"end":8033.01},{"text":"domain","start":8033.01,"end":8033.41},{"text":"awareness,","start":8033.41,"end":8033.97},{"text":"and","start":8034.21,"end":8034.37},{"text":"coordination","start":8034.37,"end":8034.93},{"text":"between","start":8034.93,"end":8035.33},{"text":"states,","start":8035.33,"end":8035.89},{"text":"the","start":8036.29,"end":8036.37},{"text":"multilateral","start":8036.37,"end":8037.01},{"text":"system,","start":8037.01,"end":8037.49},{"text":"and","start":8037.49,"end":8037.61},{"text":"industry.","start":8037.61,"end":8038.21}]},{"text":"We must also protect commercial shipping and seafarers, who are often among the first affected.","start":8038.53,"end":8044.61,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8038.53,"end":8038.65},{"text":"must","start":8038.65,"end":8038.93},{"text":"also","start":8038.93,"end":8039.17},{"text":"protect","start":8039.17,"end":8039.65},{"text":"commercial","start":8039.65,"end":8040.13},{"text":"shipping","start":8040.13,"end":8040.61},{"text":"and","start":8040.61,"end":8040.93},{"text":"seafarers,","start":8040.93,"end":8041.65},{"text":"who","start":8041.89,"end":8042.05},{"text":"are","start":8042.05,"end":8042.13},{"text":"often","start":8042.13,"end":8043.09},{"text":"among","start":8043.29,"end":8043.65},{"text":"the","start":8043.65,"end":8043.77},{"text":"first","start":8043.77,"end":8044.09},{"text":"affected.","start":8044.09,"end":8044.61}]},{"text":"As a candidate for the Security Council in 2029-30, Australia will listen, partner and protect people, rules and peace.","start":8045.17,"end":8053.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"As","start":8045.17,"end":8045.29},{"text":"a","start":8045.33,"end":8045.37},{"text":"candidate","start":8045.37,"end":8045.85},{"text":"for","start":8045.85,"end":8045.97},{"text":"the","start":8045.97,"end":8046.05},{"text":"Security","start":8046.05,"end":8046.53},{"text":"Council","start":8046.53,"end":8047.01},{"text":"in","start":8047.01,"end":8047.13},{"text":"2029-30,","start":8047.13,"end":8048.61},{"text":"Australia","start":8048.93,"end":8049.49},{"text":"will","start":8049.49,"end":8049.73},{"text":"listen,","start":8049.73,"end":8050.21},{"text":"partner","start":8050.45,"end":8051.01},{"text":"and","start":8051.01,"end":8051.17},{"text":"protect","start":8051.17,"end":8051.57},{"text":"people,","start":8051.57,"end":8052.13},{"text":"rules","start":8052.29,"end":8052.73},{"text":"and","start":8052.73,"end":8052.89},{"text":"peace.","start":8052.89,"end":8053.33}]},{"text":"We will support practical cooperation and respect for international law to safeguard open and secure maritime roads.","start":8053.57,"end":8060.85,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8053.57,"end":8053.69},{"text":"will","start":8053.69,"end":8053.81},{"text":"support","start":8053.81,"end":8054.29},{"text":"practical","start":8054.29,"end":8054.85},{"text":"cooperation","start":8054.85,"end":8055.73},{"text":"and","start":8055.89,"end":8056.05},{"text":"respect","start":8056.05,"end":8056.49},{"text":"for","start":8056.49,"end":8056.61},{"text":"international","start":8056.61,"end":8057.53},{"text":"law","start":8057.53,"end":8057.61},{"text":"to","start":8057.81,"end":8057.93},{"text":"safeguard","start":8057.93,"end":8058.53},{"text":"open","start":8058.53,"end":8059.01},{"text":"and","start":8059.09,"end":8059.25},{"text":"secure","start":8059.25,"end":8059.81},{"text":"maritime","start":8060.05,"end":8060.53},{"text":"roads.","start":8060.53,"end":8060.85}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank you.","start":8061.01,"end":8061.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8061.01,"end":8061.09},{"text":"thank","start":8061.09,"end":8061.33},{"text":"you.","start":8061.33,"end":8061.49}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"AUS","affiliation_full":"Australia","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":47,"start":8069.09,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=2:14:30","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Australia, and I now give the floor to Singapore.","start":8069.09,"end":8073.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8069.09,"end":8069.25},{"text":"thank","start":8069.25,"end":8069.49},{"text":"the","start":8069.49,"end":8069.57},{"text":"distinguished","start":8069.57,"end":8070.01},{"text":"representative","start":8070.01,"end":8070.61},{"text":"of","start":8070.61,"end":8070.69},{"text":"Australia,","start":8070.69,"end":8071.13},{"text":"and","start":8071.13,"end":8071.45},{"text":"I","start":8071.45,"end":8071.49},{"text":"now","start":8071.49,"end":8071.89},{"text":"give","start":8071.89,"end":8072.05},{"text":"the","start":8072.05,"end":8072.21},{"text":"floor","start":8072.21,"end":8072.77},{"text":"to","start":8072.77,"end":8072.97},{"text":"Singapore.","start":8072.97,"end":8073.57}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdulatif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":48,"start":8078.25,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=2:14:39","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Chair.","start":8078.25,"end":8079.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":8078.25,"end":8078.37},{"text":"you","start":8078.37,"end":8078.45},{"text":"very","start":8078.45,"end":8078.65},{"text":"much,","start":8078.65,"end":8078.97},{"text":"Chair.","start":8079.29,"end":8079.77}]},{"text":"I thank the Kingdom of Bahrain for organising this timely meeting, and I also express my appreciation to the briefers for their valuable contributions.","start":8079.93,"end":8089.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8079.93,"end":8080.09},{"text":"thank","start":8080.09,"end":8080.49},{"text":"the","start":8080.49,"end":8080.57},{"text":"Kingdom","start":8080.57,"end":8081.01},{"text":"of","start":8081.01,"end":8081.09},{"text":"Bahrain","start":8081.09,"end":8081.69},{"text":"for","start":8082.17,"end":8082.33},{"text":"organising","start":8082.33,"end":8082.89},{"text":"this","start":8082.89,"end":8083.05},{"text":"timely","start":8083.05,"end":8083.45},{"text":"meeting,","start":8083.45,"end":8083.85},{"text":"and","start":8083.85,"end":8084.17},{"text":"I","start":8084.49,"end":8084.65},{"text":"also","start":8084.65,"end":8084.89},{"text":"express","start":8084.89,"end":8085.29},{"text":"my","start":8085.29,"end":8085.49},{"text":"appreciation","start":8085.49,"end":8086.13},{"text":"to","start":8086.13,"end":8086.21},{"text":"the","start":8086.21,"end":8086.33},{"text":"briefers","start":8086.33,"end":8086.81},{"text":"for","start":8087.45,"end":8087.61},{"text":"their","start":8087.61,"end":8087.81},{"text":"valuable","start":8087.81,"end":8088.33},{"text":"contributions.","start":8088.33,"end":8089.29}]},{"text":"Dear friends, Singapore is an international maritime and shipping hub, and for us, open, safe and secure sea lines of communication are paramount.","start":8091.29,"end":8101.61,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Dear","start":8091.29,"end":8091.45},{"text":"friends,","start":8091.45,"end":8091.93},{"text":"Singapore","start":8091.93,"end":8092.61},{"text":"is","start":8092.61,"end":8092.77},{"text":"an","start":8092.77,"end":8092.89},{"text":"international","start":8092.89,"end":8093.53},{"text":"maritime","start":8093.53,"end":8094.25},{"text":"and","start":8094.65,"end":8094.85},{"text":"shipping","start":8094.85,"end":8095.21},{"text":"hub,","start":8095.21,"end":8095.45},{"text":"and","start":8095.77,"end":8095.93},{"text":"for","start":8095.93,"end":8096.29},{"text":"us,","start":8096.29,"end":8096.57},{"text":"open,","start":8097.05,"end":8097.45},{"text":"safe","start":8097.45,"end":8097.93},{"text":"and","start":8097.93,"end":8098.13},{"text":"secure","start":8098.13,"end":8098.61},{"text":"sea","start":8098.61,"end":8098.89},{"text":"lines","start":8098.89,"end":8099.25},{"text":"of","start":8099.25,"end":8099.37},{"text":"communication","start":8099.37,"end":8100.17},{"text":"are","start":8100.65,"end":8100.73},{"text":"paramount.","start":8100.73,"end":8101.61}]},{"text":"Freedom of navigation is an existential issue, not only for small states like Singapore, but also for the global community, as more than 80% of the total volume of global trade is transported by sea.","start":8102.57,"end":8117.21,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"Freedom","start":8102.57,"end":8103.05},{"text":"of","start":8103.05,"end":8103.13},{"text":"navigation","start":8103.13,"end":8103.93},{"text":"is","start":8103.93,"end":8104.25},{"text":"an","start":8104.25,"end":8104.49},{"text":"existential","start":8104.65,"end":8105.37},{"text":"issue,","start":8105.37,"end":8105.77},{"text":"not","start":8105.93,"end":8106.17},{"text":"only","start":8106.17,"end":8106.45},{"text":"for","start":8106.45,"end":8106.57},{"text":"small","start":8106.57,"end":8106.89},{"text":"states","start":8106.89,"end":8107.29},{"text":"like","start":8107.29,"end":8107.53},{"text":"Singapore,","start":8107.53,"end":8108.09},{"text":"but","start":8108.97,"end":8109.29},{"text":"also","start":8109.37,"end":8109.93},{"text":"for","start":8109.93,"end":8110.09},{"text":"the","start":8110.09,"end":8110.21},{"text":"global","start":8110.21,"end":8110.73},{"text":"community,","start":8110.73,"end":8111.53},{"text":"as","start":8111.53,"end":8111.69},{"text":"more","start":8111.69,"end":8111.93},{"text":"than","start":8111.93,"end":8112.89},{"text":"80%","start":8113.05,"end":8113.09},{"text":"of","start":8113.13,"end":8113.29},{"text":"the","start":8113.29,"end":8113.41},{"text":"total","start":8113.41,"end":8113.77},{"text":"volume","start":8113.77,"end":8114.13},{"text":"of","start":8114.13,"end":8114.25},{"text":"global","start":8114.25,"end":8114.57},{"text":"trade","start":8114.57,"end":8114.97},{"text":"is","start":8115.45,"end":8115.65},{"text":"transported","start":8115.65,"end":8116.57},{"text":"by","start":8116.57,"end":8116.77},{"text":"sea.","start":8116.77,"end":8117.21}]},{"text":"Allow me to make three points.","start":8118.25,"end":8119.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Allow","start":8118.25,"end":8118.45},{"text":"me","start":8118.45,"end":8118.65},{"text":"to","start":8118.65,"end":8118.77},{"text":"make","start":8118.77,"end":8118.97},{"text":"three","start":8118.97,"end":8119.21},{"text":"points.","start":8119.21,"end":8119.69}]},{"text":"First, we must uphold and defend the navigational rights and freedoms founded on international law.","start":8121.21,"end":8128.45,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8139.73,"end":8139.89},{"text":"is","start":8139.89,"end":8139.97},{"text":"regrettable","start":8139.97,"end":8140.69},{"text":"that","start":8140.69,"end":8141.01},{"text":"recent","start":8141.49,"end":8141.97},{"text":"geopolitical","start":8141.97,"end":8142.53},{"text":"tensions","start":8142.53,"end":8143.25},{"text":"and","start":8143.25,"end":8143.65},{"text":"conflicts","start":8143.65,"end":8144.37},{"text":"have","start":8144.37,"end":8144.77},{"text":"spilled","start":8144.77,"end":8145.29},{"text":"into","start":8145.29,"end":8145.65},{"text":"the","start":8145.65,"end":8145.73},{"text":"maritime","start":8145.73,"end":8146.21},{"text":"domain","start":8146.21,"end":8146.69},{"text":"and","start":8147.09,"end":8147.25},{"text":"jeopardized","start":8147.25,"end":8147.89},{"text":"the","start":8147.89,"end":8147.97},{"text":"safety","start":8147.97,"end":8148.41},{"text":"of","start":8148.41,"end":8148.49},{"text":"commercial","start":8148.49,"end":8149.01},{"text":"shipping","start":8149.01,"end":8149.49},{"text":"and","start":8149.81,"end":8150.05},{"text":"precipitated","start":8150.05,"end":8150.81},{"text":"a","start":8150.81,"end":8150.85},{"text":"global","start":8150.85,"end":8151.33},{"text":"energy","start":8151.33,"end":8151.77},{"text":"and","start":8151.77,"end":8151.93},{"text":"trade","start":8151.93,"end":8152.17},{"text":"crisis.","start":8152.17,"end":8152.77}]},{"text":"As we seek peaceful resolutions to these conflicts, it is important for all law-abiding States to stand together and defend the clear and categorical position that the right of transit passage through straits used for international navigation is a right enshrined in UNCLOS and in customary international law.","start":8154.05,"end":8177.01,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":8154.05,"end":8154.29},{"text":"we","start":8154.29,"end":8154.45},{"text":"seek","start":8154.45,"end":8154.77},{"text":"peaceful","start":8154.77,"end":8155.17},{"text":"resolutions","start":8155.17,"end":8156.13},{"text":"to","start":8156.13,"end":8156.29},{"text":"these","start":8156.29,"end":8156.61},{"text":"conflicts,","start":8156.61,"end":8157.33},{"text":"it","start":8158.13,"end":8158.29},{"text":"is","start":8158.29,"end":8158.41},{"text":"important","start":8158.41,"end":8159.13},{"text":"for","start":8159.53,"end":8159.81},{"text":"all","start":8159.81,"end":8160.21},{"text":"law-abiding","start":8160.21,"end":8160.73},{"text":"States","start":8160.73,"end":8161.37},{"text":"to","start":8161.85,"end":8161.93},{"text":"stand","start":8161.93,"end":8162.29},{"text":"together","start":8162.29,"end":8162.81},{"text":"and","start":8162.97,"end":8163.25},{"text":"defend","start":8163.25,"end":8163.77},{"text":"the","start":8163.77,"end":8163.93},{"text":"clear","start":8163.93,"end":8164.41},{"text":"and","start":8164.41,"end":8164.65},{"text":"categorical","start":8164.65,"end":8165.37},{"text":"position","start":8165.37,"end":8165.93},{"text":"that","start":8166.49,"end":8166.73},{"text":"the","start":8166.73,"end":8166.89},{"text":"right","start":8166.89,"end":8167.33},{"text":"of","start":8167.33,"end":8167.41},{"text":"transit","start":8167.41,"end":8167.93},{"text":"passage","start":8167.93,"end":8168.49},{"text":"through","start":8168.97,"end":8169.21},{"text":"straits","start":8169.21,"end":8169.77},{"text":"used","start":8169.77,"end":8170.05},{"text":"for","start":8170.05,"end":8170.17},{"text":"international","start":8170.17,"end":8170.93},{"text":"navigation","start":8170.93,"end":8171.69},{"text":"is","start":8172.25,"end":8172.45},{"text":"a","start":8172.45,"end":8172.49},{"text":"right","start":8172.49,"end":8172.97},{"text":"enshrined","start":8173.13,"end":8173.77},{"text":"in","start":8173.77,"end":8173.89},{"text":"UNCLOS","start":8173.89,"end":8174.85},{"text":"and","start":8174.85,"end":8175.05},{"text":"in","start":8175.05,"end":8175.13},{"text":"customary","start":8175.13,"end":8175.93},{"text":"international","start":8176.01,"end":8176.93},{"text":"law.","start":8176.93,"end":8177.01}]},{"text":"States bordering such straits shall not hamper or suspend transit passage and cannot impose tolls or fees for passage.","start":8177.93,"end":8187.29,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"States","start":8177.93,"end":8178.41},{"text":"bordering","start":8178.41,"end":8178.97},{"text":"such","start":8178.97,"end":8179.37},{"text":"straits","start":8179.37,"end":8179.85},{"text":"shall","start":8180.17,"end":8180.49},{"text":"not","start":8180.49,"end":8180.81},{"text":"hamper","start":8180.81,"end":8181.37},{"text":"or","start":8181.37,"end":8181.53},{"text":"suspend","start":8181.53,"end":8182.25},{"text":"transit","start":8182.33,"end":8182.77},{"text":"passage","start":8182.77,"end":8183.37},{"text":"and","start":8183.77,"end":8184.01},{"text":"cannot","start":8184.01,"end":8184.49},{"text":"impose","start":8184.49,"end":8185.05},{"text":"tolls","start":8185.05,"end":8185.61},{"text":"or","start":8185.93,"end":8186.09},{"text":"fees","start":8186.09,"end":8186.49},{"text":"for","start":8186.49,"end":8186.65},{"text":"passage.","start":8186.65,"end":8187.29}]},{"text":"As my Foreign Minister, Dr. Vivian Balakrishnan, has said previously, and I quote, \"There is a right of transit passage.","start":8188.21,"end":8196.45,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":8188.21,"end":8188.37},{"text":"my","start":8188.37,"end":8188.61},{"text":"Foreign","start":8188.61,"end":8188.89},{"text":"Minister,","start":8188.89,"end":8189.29},{"text":"Dr.","start":8189.29,"end":8189.57},{"text":"Vivian","start":8189.57,"end":8189.93},{"text":"Balakrishnan,","start":8189.93,"end":8190.69},{"text":"has","start":8190.69,"end":8190.93},{"text":"said","start":8190.93,"end":8191.09},{"text":"previously,","start":8191.09,"end":8191.81},{"text":"and","start":8192.89,"end":8193.05},{"text":"I","start":8193.05,"end":8193.09},{"text":"quote,","start":8193.09,"end":8193.65},{"text":"\"There","start":8194.61,"end":8194.81},{"text":"is","start":8194.81,"end":8195.01},{"text":"a","start":8195.01,"end":8195.05},{"text":"right","start":8195.05,"end":8195.37},{"text":"of","start":8195.37,"end":8195.45},{"text":"transit","start":8195.45,"end":8195.89},{"text":"passage.","start":8195.89,"end":8196.45}]},{"text":"It is not a privilege to be granted by a bordering state.","start":8196.61,"end":8199.97,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8196.61,"end":8196.81},{"text":"is","start":8196.81,"end":8196.93},{"text":"not","start":8196.93,"end":8197.25},{"text":"a","start":8197.41,"end":8197.49},{"text":"privilege","start":8197.49,"end":8198.05},{"text":"to","start":8198.05,"end":8198.17},{"text":"be","start":8198.17,"end":8198.29},{"text":"granted","start":8198.29,"end":8198.85},{"text":"by","start":8198.85,"end":8199.09},{"text":"a","start":8199.09,"end":8199.13},{"text":"bordering","start":8199.13,"end":8199.57},{"text":"state.","start":8199.57,"end":8199.97}]},{"text":"It is not a license to be supplicated for, and it is not at all to be paid.\"","start":8200.53,"end":8205.49,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8200.53,"end":8200.73},{"text":"is","start":8200.73,"end":8200.85},{"text":"not","start":8200.85,"end":8201.13},{"text":"a","start":8201.13,"end":8201.17},{"text":"license","start":8201.17,"end":8201.65},{"text":"to","start":8201.65,"end":8201.77},{"text":"be","start":8201.77,"end":8201.89},{"text":"supplicated","start":8201.89,"end":8202.53},{"text":"for,","start":8202.53,"end":8202.93},{"text":"and","start":8203.25,"end":8203.53},{"text":"it","start":8203.53,"end":8203.65},{"text":"is","start":8203.65,"end":8203.81},{"text":"not","start":8203.81,"end":8204.13},{"text":"at","start":8204.17,"end":8204.37},{"text":"all","start":8204.37,"end":8204.69},{"text":"to","start":8204.77,"end":8204.93},{"text":"be","start":8204.93,"end":8205.09},{"text":"paid.\"","start":8205.09,"end":8205.49}]},{"text":"The second point that I wish to make is that any practical arrangements to ensure the safety of critical waterways must be founded on international law and not in any way weaken the foundational framework of the rule of law at sea.","start":8207.13,"end":8222.45,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8207.13,"end":8207.25},{"text":"second","start":8207.25,"end":8207.61},{"text":"point","start":8207.61,"end":8207.77},{"text":"that","start":8207.77,"end":8207.93},{"text":"I","start":8207.93,"end":8208.01},{"text":"wish","start":8208.01,"end":8208.25},{"text":"to","start":8208.25,"end":8208.33},{"text":"make","start":8208.33,"end":8208.61},{"text":"is","start":8208.89,"end":8209.13},{"text":"that","start":8209.13,"end":8209.37},{"text":"any","start":8209.37,"end":8209.85},{"text":"practical","start":8210.01,"end":8210.57},{"text":"arrangements","start":8210.57,"end":8211.37},{"text":"to","start":8211.61,"end":8211.81},{"text":"ensure","start":8211.81,"end":8212.17},{"text":"the","start":8212.17,"end":8212.33},{"text":"safety","start":8212.33,"end":8212.85},{"text":"of","start":8212.85,"end":8212.93},{"text":"critical","start":8212.93,"end":8213.53},{"text":"waterways","start":8213.53,"end":8214.25},{"text":"must","start":8214.65,"end":8215.01},{"text":"be","start":8215.01,"end":8215.13},{"text":"founded","start":8215.13,"end":8215.57},{"text":"on","start":8215.57,"end":8215.77},{"text":"international","start":8215.77,"end":8216.69},{"text":"law","start":8216.69,"end":8216.77},{"text":"and","start":8216.97,"end":8217.13},{"text":"not","start":8217.13,"end":8217.45},{"text":"in","start":8217.45,"end":8217.77},{"text":"any","start":8217.93,"end":8218.25},{"text":"way","start":8218.25,"end":8218.57},{"text":"weaken","start":8218.81,"end":8219.29},{"text":"the","start":8219.29,"end":8219.45},{"text":"foundational","start":8219.45,"end":8220.17},{"text":"framework","start":8220.17,"end":8220.73},{"text":"of","start":8220.81,"end":8220.93},{"text":"the","start":8220.93,"end":8221.05},{"text":"rule","start":8221.05,"end":8221.33},{"text":"of","start":8221.33,"end":8221.41},{"text":"law","start":8221.41,"end":8221.81},{"text":"at","start":8221.85,"end":8222.09},{"text":"sea.","start":8222.09,"end":8222.45}]},{"text":"Given that these waterways are often bordered by more than one state, it is inevitable that there is a need for international cooperation.","start":8223.93,"end":8231.53,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"Given","start":8223.93,"end":8224.25},{"text":"that","start":8224.25,"end":8224.45},{"text":"these","start":8224.45,"end":8224.73},{"text":"waterways","start":8224.73,"end":8225.29},{"text":"are","start":8225.29,"end":8225.41},{"text":"often","start":8225.41,"end":8225.69},{"text":"bordered","start":8225.69,"end":8226.09},{"text":"by","start":8226.09,"end":8226.25},{"text":"more","start":8226.25,"end":8226.49},{"text":"than","start":8226.49,"end":8226.73},{"text":"one","start":8226.73,"end":8226.97},{"text":"state,","start":8226.97,"end":8227.45},{"text":"it","start":8227.77,"end":8228.01},{"text":"is","start":8228.01,"end":8228.17},{"text":"inevitable","start":8228.17,"end":8228.89},{"text":"that","start":8228.89,"end":8229.13},{"text":"there","start":8229.13,"end":8229.37},{"text":"is","start":8229.37,"end":8229.69},{"text":"a","start":8229.69,"end":8229.73},{"text":"need","start":8229.73,"end":8230.05},{"text":"for","start":8230.05,"end":8230.21},{"text":"international","start":8230.21,"end":8230.81},{"text":"cooperation.","start":8230.81,"end":8231.53}]},{"text":"One example from my own region is the cooperative mechanism on safety of navigation and environment protection in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore.","start":8232.49,"end":8240.33,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. 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Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."}],"words":[{"text":"One","start":8232.49,"end":8232.73},{"text":"example","start":8232.73,"end":8233.21},{"text":"from","start":8233.21,"end":8233.41},{"text":"my","start":8233.41,"end":8233.53},{"text":"own","start":8233.53,"end":8233.77},{"text":"region","start":8233.77,"end":8234.17},{"text":"is","start":8234.17,"end":8234.33},{"text":"the","start":8234.33,"end":8234.45},{"text":"cooperative","start":8234.45,"end":8234.97},{"text":"mechanism","start":8234.97,"end":8235.53},{"text":"on","start":8235.53,"end":8235.77},{"text":"safety","start":8235.77,"end":8236.21},{"text":"of","start":8236.21,"end":8236.33},{"text":"navigation","start":8236.33,"end":8237.05},{"text":"and","start":8237.05,"end":8237.17},{"text":"environment","start":8237.17,"end":8237.73},{"text":"protection","start":8237.73,"end":8238.17},{"text":"in","start":8238.17,"end":8238.25},{"text":"the","start":8238.25,"end":8238.33},{"text":"Straits","start":8238.33,"end":8238.73},{"text":"of","start":8238.73,"end":8238.81},{"text":"Malacca","start":8238.81,"end":8239.37},{"text":"and","start":8239.61,"end":8239.81},{"text":"Singapore.","start":8239.81,"end":8240.33}]},{"text":"The cooperative mechanism brings together the three littoral states, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, with user states and the shipping industry to keep the straits safe, open, and stable.","start":8241.13,"end":8252.09,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. 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Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8241.13,"end":8241.25},{"text":"cooperative","start":8241.25,"end":8241.77},{"text":"mechanism","start":8241.77,"end":8242.25},{"text":"brings","start":8242.25,"end":8242.57},{"text":"together","start":8242.57,"end":8243.17},{"text":"the","start":8243.17,"end":8243.29},{"text":"three","start":8243.29,"end":8243.57},{"text":"littoral","start":8243.57,"end":8244.09},{"text":"states,","start":8244.09,"end":8244.49},{"text":"Indonesia,","start":8244.49,"end":8245.13},{"text":"Malaysia,","start":8245.13,"end":8245.65},{"text":"and","start":8245.65,"end":8245.85},{"text":"Singapore,","start":8245.85,"end":8246.41},{"text":"with","start":8246.73,"end":8247.05},{"text":"user","start":8247.05,"end":8247.37},{"text":"states","start":8247.37,"end":8247.81},{"text":"and","start":8247.85,"end":8248.01},{"text":"the","start":8248.01,"end":8248.09},{"text":"shipping","start":8248.09,"end":8248.45},{"text":"industry","start":8248.45,"end":8249.05},{"text":"to","start":8249.29,"end":8249.41},{"text":"keep","start":8249.41,"end":8249.69},{"text":"the","start":8249.69,"end":8249.77},{"text":"straits","start":8249.77,"end":8250.45},{"text":"safe,","start":8250.45,"end":8250.73},{"text":"open,","start":8250.81,"end":8251.37},{"text":"and","start":8251.37,"end":8251.61},{"text":"stable.","start":8251.61,"end":8252.09}]},{"text":"The mechanism is fully consistent with international law and is the first and only instance of the implementation of Article 43 of UNCLOS, which provides that user States and littoral States should cooperate to establish and maintain navigational and safety aids and pollution control measures in straits used for international navigation.","start":8252.81,"end":8274.29,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. 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thank you very much.","start":8369.17,"end":8370.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8369.17,"end":8369.33},{"text":"thank","start":8369.33,"end":8369.57},{"text":"you","start":8369.57,"end":8369.65},{"text":"very","start":8369.65,"end":8369.81},{"text":"much.","start":8369.81,"end":8370.21}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"SGP","affiliation_full":"Singapore","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":49,"start":8374.85,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=2:19:35","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Singapore.","start":8374.85,"end":8378.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8374.85,"end":8375.25},{"text":"thank","start":8376.21,"end":8376.41},{"text":"the","start":8376.41,"end":8376.49},{"text":"distinguished","start":8376.49,"end":8377.01},{"text":"representative","start":8377.01,"end":8377.81},{"text":"of","start":8377.81,"end":8377.89},{"text":"Singapore.","start":8377.89,"end":8378.61}]},{"text":"And I now give the floor to the State of Qatar.","start":8378.69,"end":8381.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":8378.69,"end":8378.85},{"text":"I","start":8378.85,"end":8378.93},{"text":"now","start":8378.93,"end":8379.09},{"text":"give","start":8379.09,"end":8379.33},{"text":"the","start":8379.33,"end":8379.49},{"text":"floor","start":8379.49,"end":8379.97},{"text":"to","start":8380.13,"end":8380.29},{"text":"the","start":8380.37,"end":8380.49},{"text":"State","start":8380.49,"end":8380.69},{"text":"of","start":8380.69,"end":8380.85},{"text":"Qatar.","start":8380.85,"end":8381.41}]},{"text":"Madam, you have the floor.","start":8381.49,"end":8382.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Madam,","start":8381.49,"end":8381.85},{"text":"you","start":8381.85,"end":8381.93},{"text":"have","start":8381.93,"end":8382.05},{"text":"the","start":8382.05,"end":8382.13},{"text":"floor.","start":8382.13,"end":8382.37}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdulatif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":50,"start":8387.37,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=2:19:48","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Dr. Abdullatif Rashid Al Zayani, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Bahrain, we thank you and we express our appreciation for convening this meeting on a matter of great importance to Member States.","start":8387.37,"end":8397.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Dr.","start":8387.37,"end":8387.65},{"text":"Abdullatif","start":8387.65,"end":8388.33},{"text":"Rashid","start":8388.57,"end":8388.89},{"text":"Al","start":8388.89,"end":8388.97},{"text":"Zayani,","start":8388.97,"end":8389.53},{"text":"Minister","start":8389.53,"end":8390.01},{"text":"of","start":8390.01,"end":8390.25},{"text":"Foreign","start":8390.33,"end":8390.73},{"text":"Affairs","start":8390.73,"end":8391.29},{"text":"of","start":8391.29,"end":8391.49},{"text":"Bahrain,","start":8391.49,"end":8392.01},{"text":"we","start":8392.01,"end":8392.17},{"text":"thank","start":8392.17,"end":8392.49},{"text":"you","start":8392.49,"end":8392.69},{"text":"and","start":8392.69,"end":8392.81},{"text":"we","start":8392.81,"end":8392.89},{"text":"express","start":8392.89,"end":8393.17},{"text":"our","start":8393.17,"end":8393.25},{"text":"appreciation","start":8393.25,"end":8393.85},{"text":"for","start":8393.85,"end":8394.01},{"text":"convening","start":8394.01,"end":8394.41},{"text":"this","start":8394.41,"end":8394.65},{"text":"meeting","start":8394.65,"end":8394.97},{"text":"on","start":8394.97,"end":8395.05},{"text":"a","start":8395.05,"end":8395.09},{"text":"matter","start":8395.09,"end":8395.37},{"text":"of","start":8395.37,"end":8395.45},{"text":"great","start":8395.45,"end":8395.85},{"text":"importance","start":8395.85,"end":8396.33},{"text":"to","start":8396.33,"end":8396.41},{"text":"Member","start":8396.41,"end":8396.65},{"text":"States.","start":8396.65,"end":8397.05}]},{"text":"We also thank the distinguished briefers for their valuable contributions.","start":8398.49,"end":8402.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8398.49,"end":8398.73},{"text":"also","start":8398.73,"end":8399.21},{"text":"thank","start":8399.21,"end":8399.53},{"text":"the","start":8399.53,"end":8399.65},{"text":"distinguished","start":8399.65,"end":8400.09},{"text":"briefers","start":8400.09,"end":8400.81},{"text":"for","start":8400.81,"end":8401.13},{"text":"their","start":8401.13,"end":8401.29},{"text":"valuable","start":8401.29,"end":8401.69},{"text":"contributions.","start":8401.69,"end":8402.65}]},{"text":"Mr. President.","start":8403.21,"end":8404.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":8403.21,"end":8403.61},{"text":"President.","start":8403.61,"end":8404.33}]},{"text":"Our meeting takes place at a time when challenges to the safety of international waterways and freedom of navigation are increasing.","start":8404.77,"end":8410.53,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":8404.77,"end":8404.85},{"text":"meeting","start":8404.85,"end":8405.33},{"text":"takes","start":8405.33,"end":8405.57},{"text":"place","start":8405.57,"end":8405.89},{"text":"at","start":8405.89,"end":8406.13},{"text":"a","start":8406.13,"end":8406.17},{"text":"time","start":8406.17,"end":8406.33},{"text":"when","start":8406.33,"end":8406.49},{"text":"challenges","start":8406.49,"end":8406.93},{"text":"to","start":8406.93,"end":8407.01},{"text":"the","start":8407.01,"end":8407.09},{"text":"safety","start":8407.09,"end":8407.37},{"text":"of","start":8407.37,"end":8407.45},{"text":"international","start":8407.45,"end":8407.93},{"text":"waterways","start":8407.93,"end":8408.53},{"text":"and","start":8408.53,"end":8408.65},{"text":"freedom","start":8408.65,"end":8408.89},{"text":"of","start":8408.89,"end":8408.97},{"text":"navigation","start":8408.97,"end":8409.73},{"text":"are","start":8409.73,"end":8409.93},{"text":"increasing.","start":8409.93,"end":8410.53}]},{"text":"The events of this year demonstrate that insecurity in maritime corridors have direct consequences for international peace and security and the global economy.","start":8410.85,"end":8419.57,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."},{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8410.85,"end":8410.97},{"text":"events","start":8410.97,"end":8411.33},{"text":"of","start":8411.33,"end":8411.41},{"text":"this","start":8411.41,"end":8411.65},{"text":"year","start":8411.65,"end":8411.81},{"text":"demonstrate","start":8411.81,"end":8412.45},{"text":"that","start":8412.45,"end":8412.69},{"text":"insecurity","start":8412.69,"end":8413.37},{"text":"in","start":8413.37,"end":8413.49},{"text":"maritime","start":8413.49,"end":8413.97},{"text":"corridors","start":8413.97,"end":8414.45},{"text":"have","start":8414.45,"end":8414.61},{"text":"direct","start":8414.61,"end":8415.05},{"text":"consequences","start":8415.05,"end":8415.97},{"text":"for","start":8416.29,"end":8416.53},{"text":"international","start":8416.53,"end":8417.17},{"text":"peace","start":8417.17,"end":8417.49},{"text":"and","start":8417.49,"end":8417.69},{"text":"security","start":8417.69,"end":8418.29},{"text":"and","start":8418.29,"end":8418.57},{"text":"the","start":8418.57,"end":8418.65},{"text":"global","start":8418.65,"end":8418.97},{"text":"economy.","start":8418.97,"end":8419.57}]},{"text":"They underscore the importance of strengthening cooperation and coordination among Member States and international and regional organizations in order to address emerging challenges in accordance with international law and to advance common interests, including the protection of commercial vessels and seafarers.","start":8420.53,"end":8437.13,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."},{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."},{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":8420.53,"end":8420.77},{"text":"underscore","start":8421.01,"end":8421.73},{"text":"the","start":8422.25,"end":8422.45},{"text":"importance","start":8422.45,"end":8423.05},{"text":"of","start":8423.13,"end":8423.21},{"text":"strengthening","start":8423.21,"end":8423.77},{"text":"cooperation","start":8423.77,"end":8424.41},{"text":"and","start":8424.41,"end":8424.53},{"text":"coordination","start":8424.53,"end":8425.09},{"text":"among","start":8425.09,"end":8425.25},{"text":"Member","start":8425.25,"end":8425.49},{"text":"States","start":8425.49,"end":8425.81},{"text":"and","start":8425.81,"end":8425.93},{"text":"international","start":8425.93,"end":8426.65},{"text":"and","start":8426.65,"end":8426.89},{"text":"regional","start":8426.89,"end":8427.21},{"text":"organizations","start":8427.21,"end":8427.93},{"text":"in","start":8427.93,"end":8428.01},{"text":"order","start":8428.01,"end":8428.25},{"text":"to","start":8428.25,"end":8428.37},{"text":"address","start":8428.37,"end":8428.73},{"text":"emerging","start":8428.73,"end":8429.13},{"text":"challenges","start":8429.13,"end":8429.69},{"text":"in","start":8430.17,"end":8430.29},{"text":"accordance","start":8430.29,"end":8430.69},{"text":"with","start":8430.69,"end":8430.81},{"text":"international","start":8430.81,"end":8431.49},{"text":"law","start":8431.49,"end":8431.77},{"text":"and","start":8431.77,"end":8432.09},{"text":"to","start":8432.09,"end":8432.21},{"text":"advance","start":8432.21,"end":8432.65},{"text":"common","start":8432.65,"end":8432.97},{"text":"interests,","start":8432.97,"end":8433.41},{"text":"including","start":8433.41,"end":8433.81},{"text":"the","start":8433.81,"end":8433.89},{"text":"protection","start":8433.89,"end":8434.37},{"text":"of","start":8434.37,"end":8434.49},{"text":"commercial","start":8434.49,"end":8434.97},{"text":"vessels","start":8434.97,"end":8435.69},{"text":"and","start":8435.69,"end":8436.01},{"text":"seafarers.","start":8436.01,"end":8437.13}]},{"text":"Developments in the Strait of Hormuz have illustrated how threats to freedom of navigation in a maritime passage can have consequences extending far beyond the immediate region, threatening food and energy security, global supply chains, and humanitarian operations while affecting the global economy and international trade.","start":8438.77,"end":8456.37,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. 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likewise condemned the group's attacks on civilian and economic sites in Abha, Khamsim, Sheita, Jazan, and Najran in the sisterly Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.","start":8499.13,"end":8506.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Qatar","start":8499.13,"end":8499.37},{"text":"likewise","start":8499.37,"end":8499.69},{"text":"condemned","start":8499.69,"end":8500.17},{"text":"the","start":8500.17,"end":8500.33},{"text":"group's","start":8500.33,"end":8500.69},{"text":"attacks","start":8500.69,"end":8500.89},{"text":"on","start":8500.89,"end":8501.05},{"text":"civilian","start":8501.05,"end":8501.41},{"text":"and","start":8501.41,"end":8501.57},{"text":"economic","start":8501.57,"end":8502.01},{"text":"sites","start":8502.01,"end":8502.25},{"text":"in","start":8502.25,"end":8502.41},{"text":"Abha,","start":8502.41,"end":8502.89},{"text":"Khamsim,","start":8502.97,"end":8503.37},{"text":"Sheita,","start":8503.37,"end":8503.85},{"text":"Jazan,","start":8503.85,"end":8504.33},{"text":"and","start":8504.33,"end":8504.53},{"text":"Najran","start":8504.53,"end":8504.85},{"text":"in","start":8504.85,"end":8504.97},{"text":"the","start":8504.97,"end":8505.05},{"text":"sisterly","start":8505.05,"end":8505.53},{"text":"Kingdom","start":8505.53,"end":8505.77},{"text":"of","start":8505.77,"end":8505.85},{"text":"Saudi","start":8505.85,"end":8506.05},{"text":"Arabia.","start":8506.05,"end":8506.49}]},{"text":"These attacks resulted in injuries to a number of civilians, including women and children.","start":8506.89,"end":8510.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"These","start":8506.89,"end":8507.05},{"text":"attacks","start":8507.05,"end":8507.37},{"text":"resulted","start":8507.37,"end":8507.85},{"text":"in","start":8507.85,"end":8508.01},{"text":"injuries","start":8508.01,"end":8508.57},{"text":"to","start":8508.57,"end":8508.69},{"text":"a","start":8508.69,"end":8508.73},{"text":"number","start":8508.73,"end":8509.01},{"text":"of","start":8509.01,"end":8509.09},{"text":"civilians,","start":8509.09,"end":8509.53},{"text":"including","start":8509.53,"end":8510.01},{"text":"women","start":8510.01,"end":8510.25},{"text":"and","start":8510.25,"end":8510.37},{"text":"children.","start":8510.37,"end":8510.89}]},{"text":"Qatar affirms that these attacks constitute reprehensible aggressive conduct and an unacceptable disregard for civilian lives and the security of countries in the region.","start":8511.17,"end":8520.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Qatar","start":8511.17,"end":8511.45},{"text":"affirms","start":8511.45,"end":8511.93},{"text":"that","start":8511.93,"end":8512.09},{"text":"these","start":8512.09,"end":8512.25},{"text":"attacks","start":8512.25,"end":8512.89},{"text":"constitute","start":8513.61,"end":8514.21},{"text":"reprehensible","start":8514.21,"end":8514.93},{"text":"aggressive","start":8514.93,"end":8515.29},{"text":"conduct","start":8515.29,"end":8515.85},{"text":"and","start":8515.85,"end":8516.09},{"text":"an","start":8516.09,"end":8516.17},{"text":"unacceptable","start":8516.17,"end":8516.81},{"text":"disregard","start":8516.81,"end":8517.37},{"text":"for","start":8517.37,"end":8517.53},{"text":"civilian","start":8517.53,"end":8517.93},{"text":"lives","start":8517.93,"end":8518.33},{"text":"and","start":8518.33,"end":8518.49},{"text":"the","start":8518.49,"end":8518.57},{"text":"security","start":8518.57,"end":8519.05},{"text":"of","start":8519.05,"end":8519.13},{"text":"countries","start":8519.13,"end":8519.49},{"text":"in","start":8519.49,"end":8519.57},{"text":"the","start":8519.57,"end":8519.65},{"text":"region.","start":8519.65,"end":8520.01}]},{"text":"They are a blatant violation of the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and of international law and a dangerous escalation that threatens regional security and stability.","start":8520.33,"end":8529.61,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":8520.33,"end":8520.57},{"text":"are","start":8520.57,"end":8520.77},{"text":"a","start":8520.77,"end":8520.81},{"text":"blatant","start":8520.81,"end":8521.21},{"text":"violation","start":8521.21,"end":8521.69},{"text":"of","start":8521.69,"end":8521.77},{"text":"the","start":8521.77,"end":8521.85},{"text":"sovereignty","start":8521.85,"end":8522.33},{"text":"of","start":8522.33,"end":8522.45},{"text":"the","start":8522.45,"end":8522.53},{"text":"Kingdom","start":8522.53,"end":8522.81},{"text":"of","start":8522.81,"end":8522.89},{"text":"Saudi","start":8522.89,"end":8523.09},{"text":"Arabia","start":8523.09,"end":8523.49},{"text":"and","start":8523.49,"end":8523.81},{"text":"of","start":8523.81,"end":8524.09},{"text":"international","start":8524.33,"end":8525.09},{"text":"law","start":8525.09,"end":8525.29},{"text":"and","start":8525.29,"end":8525.61},{"text":"a","start":8525.61,"end":8525.65},{"text":"dangerous","start":8525.65,"end":8526.17},{"text":"escalation","start":8526.17,"end":8526.81},{"text":"that","start":8526.81,"end":8527.05},{"text":"threatens","start":8527.05,"end":8527.45},{"text":"regional","start":8527.45,"end":8527.85},{"text":"security","start":8527.85,"end":8528.57},{"text":"and","start":8528.57,"end":8528.93},{"text":"stability.","start":8528.93,"end":8529.61}]},{"text":"Mr. President, the position of the State of Qatar is clear with regard to international navigation.","start":8530.25,"end":8534.29,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":8530.25,"end":8530.49},{"text":"President,","start":8530.49,"end":8530.89},{"text":"the","start":8530.89,"end":8530.97},{"text":"position","start":8530.97,"end":8531.33},{"text":"of","start":8531.33,"end":8531.45},{"text":"the","start":8531.45,"end":8531.53},{"text":"State","start":8531.53,"end":8531.73},{"text":"of","start":8531.73,"end":8531.85},{"text":"Qatar","start":8531.85,"end":8532.13},{"text":"is","start":8532.13,"end":8532.25},{"text":"clear","start":8532.25,"end":8532.61},{"text":"with","start":8532.61,"end":8532.77},{"text":"regard","start":8532.77,"end":8533.09},{"text":"to","start":8533.09,"end":8533.17},{"text":"international","start":8533.17,"end":8533.65},{"text":"navigation.","start":8533.65,"end":8534.29}]},{"text":"It affirms that ensuring the freedom and security of navigation in international waterways is a fundamental principle of international law, guaranteed by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.","start":8534.29,"end":8546.33,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Qatar","start":8547.21,"end":8547.53},{"text":"stresses","start":8547.53,"end":8547.97},{"text":"the","start":8547.97,"end":8548.05},{"text":"importance","start":8548.05,"end":8548.61},{"text":"of","start":8548.61,"end":8548.73},{"text":"ensuring","start":8548.73,"end":8549.13},{"text":"the","start":8549.13,"end":8549.21},{"text":"security","start":8549.21,"end":8549.65},{"text":"of","start":8549.65,"end":8549.81},{"text":"maritime","start":8549.81,"end":8550.13},{"text":"corridors","start":8550.13,"end":8550.53},{"text":"and","start":8550.53,"end":8550.65},{"text":"the","start":8550.65,"end":8550.73},{"text":"freedom","start":8550.73,"end":8550.97},{"text":"of","start":8550.97,"end":8551.05},{"text":"navigation","start":8551.05,"end":8551.45},{"text":"and","start":8551.45,"end":8551.57},{"text":"international","start":8551.57,"end":8552.05},{"text":"trade","start":8552.05,"end":8552.21},{"text":"in","start":8552.21,"end":8552.29},{"text":"accordance","start":8552.29,"end":8552.65},{"text":"with","start":8552.65,"end":8552.77},{"text":"international","start":8552.77,"end":8553.41},{"text":"law.","start":8553.41,"end":8553.49}]},{"text":"Qatar emphasizes the importance of implementing Security Council Resolution 2817, which affirmed the need to respect the rights and freedoms of navigation of commercial and transport vessels, and stated that any attempt to obstruct lawful transit, passage, or freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz or Bab al-Mandab constitutes a serious threat to international peace and security.","start":8553.77,"end":8573.05,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8573.37,"end":8573.49},{"text":"State","start":8573.49,"end":8573.69},{"text":"of","start":8573.69,"end":8573.77},{"text":"Qatar","start":8573.77,"end":8574.09},{"text":"reiterates","start":8574.09,"end":8574.61},{"text":"its","start":8574.65,"end":8574.81},{"text":"categorical","start":8574.81,"end":8575.45},{"text":"rejection","start":8575.45,"end":8575.85},{"text":"of","start":8576.09,"end":8576.61},{"text":"the","start":8576.61,"end":8576.81},{"text":"use","start":8576.89,"end":8577.09},{"text":"of","start":8577.21,"end":8577.45},{"text":"the","start":8577.61,"end":8577.73},{"text":"Strait","start":8577.73,"end":8577.93},{"text":"of","start":8577.93,"end":8578.01},{"text":"Hormuz","start":8578.01,"end":8578.41},{"text":"as","start":8578.41,"end":8578.73},{"text":"a","start":8578.73,"end":8578.77},{"text":"tool","start":8578.77,"end":8579.13},{"text":"to","start":8579.61,"end":8579.81},{"text":"exert","start":8579.81,"end":8580.17},{"text":"pressure","start":8580.17,"end":8580.65},{"text":"and","start":8581.01,"end":8581.13},{"text":"we","start":8581.13,"end":8581.21},{"text":"call","start":8581.21,"end":8581.37},{"text":"for","start":8581.37,"end":8581.61},{"text":"reopening","start":8581.61,"end":8582.01},{"text":"it","start":8582.01,"end":8582.09},{"text":"without","start":8582.09,"end":8582.57},{"text":"any","start":8582.57,"end":8582.81},{"text":"conditions.","start":8582.81,"end":8583.37}]},{"text":"We further affirm that the freedom of navigation through this vital waterway is an established principle that is not subject to negotiation and that the continued closure of the Strait of Hormuz endangers the vital interests of countries in the region and the global economy.","start":8583.61,"end":8593.97,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8583.61,"end":8583.85},{"text":"further","start":8583.85,"end":8584.21},{"text":"affirm","start":8584.21,"end":8584.41},{"text":"that","start":8584.41,"end":8584.53},{"text":"the","start":8584.53,"end":8584.61},{"text":"freedom","start":8584.61,"end":8584.85},{"text":"of","start":8584.85,"end":8584.93},{"text":"navigation","start":8584.93,"end":8585.41},{"text":"through","start":8585.41,"end":8585.53},{"text":"this","start":8585.53,"end":8585.69},{"text":"vital","start":8585.69,"end":8585.97},{"text":"waterway","start":8585.97,"end":8586.29},{"text":"is","start":8586.29,"end":8586.41},{"text":"an","start":8586.41,"end":8586.49},{"text":"established","start":8586.49,"end":8586.93},{"text":"principle","start":8586.93,"end":8587.29},{"text":"that","start":8587.29,"end":8587.45},{"text":"is","start":8587.45,"end":8587.61},{"text":"not","start":8587.61,"end":8587.81},{"text":"subject","start":8587.81,"end":8588.13},{"text":"to","start":8588.13,"end":8588.21},{"text":"negotiation","start":8588.21,"end":8588.89},{"text":"and","start":8589.21,"end":8589.33},{"text":"that","start":8589.33,"end":8589.45},{"text":"the","start":8589.45,"end":8589.53},{"text":"continued","start":8589.53,"end":8589.93},{"text":"closure","start":8589.93,"end":8590.33},{"text":"of","start":8590.33,"end":8590.41},{"text":"the","start":8590.41,"end":8590.49},{"text":"Strait","start":8590.49,"end":8590.69},{"text":"of","start":8590.69,"end":8590.81},{"text":"Hormuz","start":8590.81,"end":8591.13},{"text":"endangers","start":8591.13,"end":8591.65},{"text":"the","start":8591.65,"end":8591.73},{"text":"vital","start":8591.73,"end":8592.01},{"text":"interests","start":8592.01,"end":8592.33},{"text":"of","start":8592.33,"end":8592.41},{"text":"countries","start":8592.41,"end":8592.69},{"text":"in","start":8592.69,"end":8592.81},{"text":"the","start":8592.81,"end":8592.89},{"text":"region","start":8592.89,"end":8593.13},{"text":"and","start":8593.13,"end":8593.25},{"text":"the","start":8593.25,"end":8593.33},{"text":"global","start":8593.33,"end":8593.57},{"text":"economy.","start":8593.57,"end":8593.97}]},{"text":"We stress that any future arrangements concerning the management of the Strait or other related issues should be based on regional consensus and the full respect for international law in a manner that preserves regional security and stability.","start":8593.97,"end":8607.37,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":8593.97,"end":8594.05},{"text":"stress","start":8594.05,"end":8594.29},{"text":"that","start":8594.29,"end":8594.49},{"text":"any","start":8594.49,"end":8594.65},{"text":"future","start":8594.65,"end":8594.89},{"text":"arrangements","start":8594.89,"end":8595.37},{"text":"concerning","start":8595.37,"end":8596.13},{"text":"the","start":8596.17,"end":8596.37},{"text":"management","start":8596.37,"end":8596.81},{"text":"of","start":8596.81,"end":8596.89},{"text":"the","start":8596.89,"end":8596.97},{"text":"Strait","start":8596.97,"end":8597.29},{"text":"or","start":8597.29,"end":8597.45},{"text":"other","start":8597.45,"end":8597.65},{"text":"related","start":8597.65,"end":8598.09},{"text":"issues","start":8598.09,"end":8598.49},{"text":"should","start":8598.97,"end":8599.25},{"text":"be","start":8599.25,"end":8599.53},{"text":"based","start":8599.53,"end":8600.01},{"text":"on","start":8600.01,"end":8600.41},{"text":"regional","start":8600.97,"end":8601.21},{"text":"consensus","start":8601.21,"end":8601.93},{"text":"and","start":8601.93,"end":8602.13},{"text":"the","start":8602.13,"end":8602.21},{"text":"full","start":8602.21,"end":8602.41},{"text":"respect","start":8602.41,"end":8602.89},{"text":"for","start":8602.89,"end":8603.05},{"text":"international","start":8603.05,"end":8603.73},{"text":"law","start":8603.73,"end":8603.93},{"text":"in","start":8603.93,"end":8604.21},{"text":"a","start":8604.21,"end":8604.25},{"text":"manner","start":8604.25,"end":8604.57},{"text":"that","start":8604.57,"end":8604.73},{"text":"preserves","start":8604.73,"end":8605.21},{"text":"regional","start":8605.21,"end":8605.57},{"text":"security","start":8605.57,"end":8606.25},{"text":"and","start":8606.25,"end":8606.57},{"text":"stability.","start":8606.57,"end":8607.37}]},{"text":"The state of Qatar's priority remains containing the escalation and creating space for diplomatic efforts.","start":8608.17,"end":8613.61,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8608.17,"end":8608.33},{"text":"state","start":8608.33,"end":8608.57},{"text":"of","start":8608.57,"end":8608.65},{"text":"Qatar's","start":8608.65,"end":8609.01},{"text":"priority","start":8609.01,"end":8609.41},{"text":"remains","start":8609.41,"end":8609.73},{"text":"containing","start":8609.73,"end":8610.25},{"text":"the","start":8610.25,"end":8610.33},{"text":"escalation","start":8610.33,"end":8610.93},{"text":"and","start":8610.93,"end":8611.09},{"text":"creating","start":8611.09,"end":8611.77},{"text":"space","start":8611.77,"end":8612.33},{"text":"for","start":8612.33,"end":8612.49},{"text":"diplomatic","start":8612.49,"end":8613.13},{"text":"efforts.","start":8613.13,"end":8613.61}]},{"text":"As a contributing party to mediation efforts, Qatar will continue to strive to open -- reopen the straits as quickly as possible based on the conviction that the peaceful settlement of disputes and adherence to dialogue, international law, and the principles of good neighborliness are the fundamental pillars of resolving crises and avoiding their repercussions.","start":8614.33,"end":8632.09,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. 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Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and 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President.","start":8637.69,"end":8638.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8637.69,"end":8637.73},{"text":"thank","start":8637.73,"end":8638.01},{"text":"you,","start":8638.01,"end":8638.09},{"text":"Mr.","start":8638.09,"end":8638.33},{"text":"President.","start":8638.33,"end":8638.69}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"QAT","affiliation_full":"Qatar","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":51,"start":8641.77,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=2:24:02","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Qatar.","start":8641.77,"end":8644.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8641.77,"end":8641.93},{"text":"thank","start":8641.93,"end":8642.25},{"text":"the","start":8642.25,"end":8642.37},{"text":"distinguished","start":8642.37,"end":8642.89},{"text":"representative","start":8642.89,"end":8643.69},{"text":"of","start":8643.77,"end":8644.01},{"text":"Qatar.","start":8644.01,"end":8644.41}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the distinguished representative of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.","start":8644.49,"end":8655.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8644.49,"end":8644.57},{"text":"now","start":8644.57,"end":8644.73},{"text":"give","start":8644.73,"end":8644.97},{"text":"the","start":8644.97,"end":8645.05},{"text":"floor","start":8645.05,"end":8645.45},{"text":"to","start":8645.45,"end":8645.77},{"text":"the","start":8645.77,"end":8645.97},{"text":"distinguished","start":8645.97,"end":8646.53},{"text":"representative","start":8646.53,"end":8647.21},{"text":"of","start":8647.21,"end":8647.45},{"text":"the","start":8647.45,"end":8647.57},{"text":"Kingdom","start":8647.57,"end":8647.97},{"text":"of","start":8648.01,"end":8648.09},{"text":"Saudi","start":8648.09,"end":8648.81},{"text":"Arabia.","start":8654.89,"end":8655.37}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdulatif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":52,"start":8656.01,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=2:24:17","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank you, Mr. President.","start":8656.01,"end":8657.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":8656.01,"end":8656.17},{"text":"thank","start":8656.17,"end":8656.41},{"text":"you,","start":8656.41,"end":8656.73},{"text":"Mr.","start":8656.89,"end":8657.17},{"text":"President.","start":8657.17,"end":8657.61}]},{"text":"In the name of God, the most merciful, the most gracious, at the outset, I'd like to express my appreciation to the sisterly Kingdom of Bahrain for organizing this important meeting.","start":8657.61,"end":8665.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":8657.61,"end":8657.69},{"text":"the","start":8657.69,"end":8657.77},{"text":"name","start":8657.77,"end":8657.93},{"text":"of","start":8657.93,"end":8658.05},{"text":"God,","start":8658.05,"end":8658.25},{"text":"the","start":8658.25,"end":8658.33},{"text":"most","start":8658.33,"end":8658.57},{"text":"merciful,","start":8658.57,"end":8658.97},{"text":"the","start":8658.97,"end":8659.05},{"text":"most","start":8659.05,"end":8659.29},{"text":"gracious,","start":8659.29,"end":8659.77},{"text":"at","start":8659.77,"end":8659.85},{"text":"the","start":8659.85,"end":8659.93},{"text":"outset,","start":8659.93,"end":8660.13},{"text":"I'd","start":8660.13,"end":8660.33},{"text":"like","start":8660.33,"end":8660.49},{"text":"to","start":8660.49,"end":8660.61},{"text":"express","start":8660.61,"end":8660.97},{"text":"my","start":8660.97,"end":8661.05},{"text":"appreciation","start":8661.05,"end":8661.61},{"text":"to","start":8661.61,"end":8661.69},{"text":"the","start":8661.69,"end":8661.77},{"text":"sisterly","start":8661.77,"end":8662.25},{"text":"Kingdom","start":8662.25,"end":8662.57},{"text":"of","start":8662.57,"end":8662.65},{"text":"Bahrain","start":8662.65,"end":8663.21},{"text":"for","start":8663.61,"end":8663.81},{"text":"organizing","start":8663.81,"end":8664.37},{"text":"this","start":8664.37,"end":8664.53},{"text":"important","start":8664.53,"end":8665.37},{"text":"meeting.","start":8665.37,"end":8665.85}]},{"text":"The security of seas and international waterways and the freedom of navigation within them constitute a fundamental pillar of international and regional security and stability.","start":8667.45,"end":8676.65,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8667.45,"end":8667.49},{"text":"security","start":8667.49,"end":8668.09},{"text":"of","start":8668.09,"end":8668.49},{"text":"seas","start":8668.65,"end":8668.93},{"text":"and","start":8668.93,"end":8669.05},{"text":"international","start":8669.05,"end":8669.65},{"text":"waterways","start":8669.65,"end":8670.25},{"text":"and","start":8670.25,"end":8670.37},{"text":"the","start":8670.37,"end":8670.45},{"text":"freedom","start":8670.45,"end":8670.73},{"text":"of","start":8670.73,"end":8670.85},{"text":"navigation","start":8670.85,"end":8671.53},{"text":"within","start":8671.53,"end":8671.93},{"text":"them","start":8671.93,"end":8672.09},{"text":"constitute","start":8672.17,"end":8672.81},{"text":"a","start":8672.89,"end":8672.93},{"text":"fundamental","start":8672.93,"end":8673.61},{"text":"pillar","start":8673.77,"end":8674.25},{"text":"of","start":8674.33,"end":8674.49},{"text":"international","start":8674.49,"end":8675.29},{"text":"and","start":8675.29,"end":8675.53},{"text":"regional","start":8675.53,"end":8675.81},{"text":"security","start":8675.81,"end":8676.17},{"text":"and","start":8676.17,"end":8676.29},{"text":"stability.","start":8676.29,"end":8676.65}]},{"text":"They are an indispensable element for the stability of the global economy, the sustainability of development, and the well-being of peoples.","start":8676.97,"end":8683.21,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":8676.97,"end":8677.09},{"text":"are","start":8677.13,"end":8677.33},{"text":"an","start":8677.33,"end":8677.45},{"text":"indispensable","start":8677.45,"end":8678.25},{"text":"element","start":8678.25,"end":8678.73},{"text":"for","start":8678.73,"end":8678.89},{"text":"the","start":8678.89,"end":8679.05},{"text":"stability","start":8679.05,"end":8679.53},{"text":"of","start":8679.53,"end":8679.61},{"text":"the","start":8679.61,"end":8679.73},{"text":"global","start":8679.73,"end":8679.97},{"text":"economy,","start":8679.97,"end":8680.41},{"text":"the","start":8680.41,"end":8680.53},{"text":"sustainability","start":8680.53,"end":8681.09},{"text":"of","start":8681.09,"end":8681.17},{"text":"development,","start":8681.17,"end":8681.77},{"text":"and","start":8681.77,"end":8681.93},{"text":"the","start":8681.93,"end":8682.01},{"text":"well-being","start":8682.01,"end":8682.53},{"text":"of","start":8682.53,"end":8682.65},{"text":"peoples.","start":8682.65,"end":8683.21}]},{"text":"Here, we stress the importance of adherence to relevant international law, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.","start":8683.69,"end":8690.73,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"Here,","start":8683.69,"end":8683.93},{"text":"we","start":8683.93,"end":8684.09},{"text":"stress","start":8684.09,"end":8684.41},{"text":"the","start":8684.41,"end":8684.49},{"text":"importance","start":8684.49,"end":8685.13},{"text":"of","start":8685.13,"end":8685.29},{"text":"adherence","start":8685.29,"end":8685.77},{"text":"to","start":8685.77,"end":8686.17},{"text":"relevant","start":8686.65,"end":8687.09},{"text":"international","start":8687.09,"end":8687.73},{"text":"law,","start":8687.73,"end":8687.85},{"text":"including","start":8687.85,"end":8688.41},{"text":"the","start":8688.41,"end":8688.49},{"text":"United","start":8688.49,"end":8688.81},{"text":"Nations","start":8688.81,"end":8689.29},{"text":"Convention","start":8689.29,"end":8689.89},{"text":"on","start":8689.89,"end":8690.01},{"text":"the","start":8690.01,"end":8690.09},{"text":"Law","start":8690.09,"end":8690.21},{"text":"of","start":8690.21,"end":8690.33},{"text":"the","start":8690.33,"end":8690.41},{"text":"Sea.","start":8690.41,"end":8690.73}]},{"text":"we call for respect for the freedom of navigation and safe passage and ensuring that International Maritime routes including or especially the straight of heros babel mand and the Red Sea the importance of them remaining open secure and free from threats while respecting the sovereignty of states their sovereign rights and their jurisdiction in accordance with international law the importance of these waterways extends beyond trade and energy supplies it directly affects the lives of peoples and their security and their prosperity because through these waterways food grains medicines medical supplies and fertilizers and agricultural inputs and raw materials and essential Commodities anti-humanitarian assistance and other Necessities needed by millions of people around the world are transported therefore Any disruption to supply chains and the increase in the shipping costs does not simply affect ports.","start":8691.53,"end":8755.93,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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it is felt by the different, by the farms and the factories and the markets, ultimately affecting consumers and families, especially in developing countries and those most vulnerable to economic and food-related challenges.","start":8755.93,"end":8769.05,"topics":[{"key":"vulnerable-economies","label":"Vulnerable Economies and Small States","description":"A consistent concern was the disproportionate impact of maritime disruption on developing countries, small island states, landlocked countries, and import-dependent economies. 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The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":8790.53,"end":8790.77},{"text":"President,","start":8790.77,"end":8791.33},{"text":"ladies","start":8791.33,"end":8791.53},{"text":"and","start":8791.53,"end":8791.69},{"text":"gentlemen,","start":8791.69,"end":8792.09},{"text":"recent","start":8792.09,"end":8792.57},{"text":"developments","start":8792.57,"end":8793.21},{"text":"have","start":8793.21,"end":8793.33},{"text":"demonstrated","start":8793.33,"end":8794.21},{"text":"that","start":8794.29,"end":8795.41},{"text":"a","start":8795.73,"end":8795.81},{"text":"threat","start":8795.97,"end":8796.45},{"text":"that","start":8796.61,"end":8796.81},{"text":"affects","start":8796.81,"end":8797.29},{"text":"a","start":8797.29,"end":8797.33},{"text":"single","start":8797.33,"end":8797.65},{"text":"maritime","start":8797.65,"end":8798.01},{"text":"route","start":8798.01,"end":8798.37},{"text":"could","start":8798.37,"end":8798.85},{"text":"have","start":8799.01,"end":8799.41},{"text":"repercussions","start":8799.41,"end":8800.13},{"text":"that","start":8800.13,"end":8800.29},{"text":"extend","start":8800.29,"end":8800.69},{"text":"far","start":8800.69,"end":8800.93},{"text":"beyond","start":8800.93,"end":8801.17},{"text":"its","start":8801.17,"end":8801.33},{"text":"geographic","start":8801.33,"end":8801.97},{"text":"boundaries.","start":8801.97,"end":8802.77}]},{"text":"Its consequences could spread through an interconnected network of waterways, markets, and global supply chains.","start":8803.61,"end":8809.45,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. 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briefers for their insights chair Maritime security is not an abstract concern nor confined to Coastal regions and security across critical Maritime routes carries implications for stability trade and socioeconomic well-being allow me to emphasize three points first We must recall the integrity of the legal order established by UNCLOS.","start":8947.69,"end":8979.17,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."},{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. 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zone."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":8947.69,"end":8947.73},{"text":"outset","start":8947.73,"end":8948.17},{"text":"I","start":8948.17,"end":8948.49},{"text":"will","start":8948.49,"end":8948.65},{"text":"start","start":8948.65,"end":8948.97},{"text":"by","start":8948.97,"end":8949.09},{"text":"expressing","start":8949.09,"end":8949.61},{"text":"our","start":8949.61,"end":8949.77},{"text":"gratitude","start":8949.77,"end":8950.37},{"text":"to","start":8950.37,"end":8950.45},{"text":"the","start":8950.45,"end":8950.53},{"text":"Kingdom","start":8950.53,"end":8950.89},{"text":"of","start":8950.89,"end":8951.05},{"text":"Bahrain","start":8951.05,"end":8951.69},{"text":"and","start":8951.69,"end":8951.93},{"text":"to","start":8951.93,"end":8952.05},{"text":"Minister","start":8952.05,"end":8952.49},{"text":"zani","start":8952.49,"end":8953.05},{"text":"for","start":8953.05,"end":8953.45},{"text":"convening","start":8953.45,"end":8954.01},{"text":"this","start":8954.01,"end":8954.17},{"text":"meeting","start":8954.17,"end":8954.81},{"text":"and","start":8954.89,"end":8955.17},{"text":"to","start":8955.17,"end":8955.25},{"text":"the","start":8955.25,"end":8955.37},{"text":"briefers","start":8955.37,"end":8955.85},{"text":"for","start":8955.93,"end":8956.09},{"text":"their","start":8956.09,"end":8956.25},{"text":"insights","start":8956.25,"end":8956.81},{"text":"chair","start":8958.57,"end":8958.81},{"text":"Maritime","start":8958.81,"end":8959.33},{"text":"security","start":8959.33,"end":8960.01},{"text":"is","start":8960.01,"end":8960.25},{"text":"not","start":8960.25,"end":8960.41},{"text":"an","start":8960.41,"end":8960.49},{"text":"abstract","start":8960.49,"end":8960.93},{"text":"concern","start":8960.93,"end":8961.53},{"text":"nor","start":8961.69,"end":8962.01},{"text":"confined","start":8962.01,"end":8962.61},{"text":"to","start":8962.61,"end":8962.69},{"text":"Coastal","start":8962.69,"end":8963.05},{"text":"regions","start":8963.05,"end":8963.61},{"text":"and","start":8964.37,"end":8964.53},{"text":"security","start":8964.53,"end":8965.01},{"text":"across","start":8965.01,"end":8965.29},{"text":"critical","start":8965.29,"end":8965.73},{"text":"Maritime","start":8965.73,"end":8966.25},{"text":"routes","start":8966.25,"end":8966.49},{"text":"carries","start":8966.49,"end":8966.89},{"text":"implications","start":8966.89,"end":8967.61},{"text":"for","start":8967.61,"end":8967.77},{"text":"stability","start":8967.77,"end":8968.49},{"text":"trade","start":8968.73,"end":8969.21},{"text":"and","start":8969.45,"end":8969.69},{"text":"socioeconomic","start":8969.69,"end":8970.53},{"text":"well-being","start":8970.53,"end":8971.05},{"text":"allow","start":8971.93,"end":8972.13},{"text":"me","start":8972.13,"end":8972.29},{"text":"to","start":8972.29,"end":8972.41},{"text":"emphasize","start":8972.41,"end":8972.89},{"text":"three","start":8972.89,"end":8973.05},{"text":"points","start":8973.05,"end":8973.53},{"text":"first","start":8974.09,"end":8974.57},{"text":"We","start":8975.33,"end":8975.37},{"text":"must","start":8975.37,"end":8975.65},{"text":"recall","start":8975.65,"end":8975.97},{"text":"the","start":8975.97,"end":8976.09},{"text":"integrity","start":8976.09,"end":8976.73},{"text":"of","start":8976.73,"end":8976.85},{"text":"the","start":8976.85,"end":8976.97},{"text":"legal","start":8976.97,"end":8977.33},{"text":"order","start":8977.33,"end":8977.65},{"text":"established","start":8977.65,"end":8978.09},{"text":"by","start":8978.09,"end":8978.25},{"text":"UNCLOS.","start":8978.25,"end":8979.17}]},{"text":"As the constitution for the oceans, UNCLOS sets out the legal framework within which all activities in the oceans and seas must be carried 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represents a carefully crafted package of rights and obligations that must be applied holistically.","start":8987.73,"end":8993.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"It","start":8987.73,"end":8987.97},{"text":"represents","start":8987.97,"end":8988.45},{"text":"a","start":8988.45,"end":8988.49},{"text":"carefully","start":8988.49,"end":8989.01},{"text":"crafted","start":8989.01,"end":8989.49},{"text":"package","start":8989.49,"end":8989.89},{"text":"of","start":8989.89,"end":8990.05},{"text":"rights","start":8990.05,"end":8990.37},{"text":"and","start":8990.37,"end":8990.53},{"text":"obligations","start":8990.53,"end":8991.33},{"text":"that","start":8991.57,"end":8991.81},{"text":"must","start":8991.81,"end":8991.97},{"text":"be","start":8991.97,"end":8992.13},{"text":"applied","start":8992.13,"end":8992.61},{"text":"holistically.","start":8992.61,"end":8993.41}]},{"text":"Freedom of navigation is a fundamental principle of international law and the cornerstone of peace, stability, and predictability.","start":8994.21,"end":9001.17,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Freedom","start":8994.21,"end":8994.53},{"text":"of","start":8994.53,"end":8994.61},{"text":"navigation","start":8994.61,"end":8995.33},{"text":"is","start":8995.41,"end":8995.65},{"text":"a","start":8995.65,"end":8995.69},{"text":"fundamental","start":8995.69,"end":8996.29},{"text":"principle","start":8996.29,"end":8996.69},{"text":"of","start":8996.69,"end":8996.77},{"text":"international","start":8996.77,"end":8997.61},{"text":"law","start":8997.61,"end":8997.69},{"text":"and","start":8997.89,"end":8998.01},{"text":"the","start":8998.01,"end":8998.13},{"text":"cornerstone","start":8998.13,"end":8998.77},{"text":"of","start":8998.77,"end":8998.85},{"text":"peace,","start":8998.85,"end":8999.33},{"text":"stability,","start":8999.41,"end":9000.21},{"text":"and","start":9000.21,"end":9000.37},{"text":"predictability.","start":9000.37,"end":9001.17}]},{"text":"Malta welcomed the Security Council's adoption of Resolution 2817.","start":9002.37,"end":9006.37,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"Malta","start":9002.37,"end":9002.61},{"text":"welcomed","start":9002.61,"end":9003.13},{"text":"the","start":9003.13,"end":9003.21},{"text":"Security","start":9003.21,"end":9003.61},{"text":"Council's","start":9003.61,"end":9004.17},{"text":"adoption","start":9004.17,"end":9004.57},{"text":"of","start":9004.57,"end":9004.69},{"text":"Resolution","start":9004.69,"end":9005.25},{"text":"2817.","start":9005.25,"end":9006.37}]},{"text":"Its provisions must now be operationalized through international coordination so that transit passage through international straits may be restored under UNCLOS and customary international law.","start":9007.01,"end":9017.45,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"Its","start":9007.01,"end":9007.17},{"text":"provisions","start":9007.17,"end":9007.65},{"text":"must","start":9007.65,"end":9007.93},{"text":"now","start":9007.93,"end":9008.13},{"text":"be","start":9008.13,"end":9008.25},{"text":"operationalized","start":9008.25,"end":9009.13},{"text":"through","start":9009.13,"end":9009.25},{"text":"international","start":9009.25,"end":9009.81},{"text":"coordination","start":9009.81,"end":9010.61},{"text":"so","start":9010.77,"end":9011.01},{"text":"that","start":9011.01,"end":9011.21},{"text":"transit","start":9011.21,"end":9011.57},{"text":"passage","start":9011.57,"end":9012.05},{"text":"through","start":9012.05,"end":9012.17},{"text":"international","start":9012.17,"end":9012.77},{"text":"straits","start":9012.77,"end":9013.33},{"text":"may","start":9013.57,"end":9013.81},{"text":"be","start":9013.81,"end":9013.93},{"text":"restored","start":9013.93,"end":9014.53},{"text":"under","start":9014.53,"end":9014.89},{"text":"UNCLOS","start":9014.89,"end":9015.81},{"text":"and","start":9015.81,"end":9015.93},{"text":"customary","start":9015.93,"end":9016.53},{"text":"international","start":9016.53,"end":9017.37},{"text":"law.","start":9017.37,"end":9017.45}]},{"text":"Second, the protection of seafarers and commercial shipping.","start":9018.61,"end":9022.37,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"Second,","start":9018.61,"end":9019.17},{"text":"the","start":9019.73,"end":9019.85},{"text":"protection","start":9019.85,"end":9020.33},{"text":"of","start":9020.33,"end":9020.41},{"text":"seafarers","start":9020.41,"end":9021.25},{"text":"and","start":9021.25,"end":9021.41},{"text":"commercial","start":9021.41,"end":9021.93},{"text":"shipping.","start":9021.93,"end":9022.37}]},{"text":"Merchant vessels and their crews constitute civilian objects and civilians under international law and must never be targeted.","start":9023.49,"end":9030.93,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"Merchant","start":9023.49,"end":9023.97},{"text":"vessels","start":9023.97,"end":9024.33},{"text":"and","start":9024.33,"end":9024.49},{"text":"their","start":9024.49,"end":9024.61},{"text":"crews","start":9024.61,"end":9025.09},{"text":"constitute","start":9025.09,"end":9025.69},{"text":"civilian","start":9025.69,"end":9026.21},{"text":"objects","start":9026.21,"end":9026.85},{"text":"and","start":9026.85,"end":9027.09},{"text":"civilians","start":9027.09,"end":9027.89},{"text":"under","start":9027.89,"end":9028.21},{"text":"international","start":9028.21,"end":9029.05},{"text":"law","start":9029.05,"end":9029.13},{"text":"and","start":9029.49,"end":9029.65},{"text":"must","start":9029.65,"end":9029.85},{"text":"never","start":9029.85,"end":9030.13},{"text":"be","start":9030.13,"end":9030.37},{"text":"targeted.","start":9030.37,"end":9030.93}]},{"text":"Recent incidents, including those on Malta-flagged vessels in the Black Sea and the Strait of Hormuz, have underscored the risks that hostilities pose to commercial shipping and seafarers.","start":9031.97,"end":9043.09,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"Recent","start":9031.97,"end":9032.37},{"text":"incidents,","start":9032.37,"end":9033.01},{"text":"including","start":9033.01,"end":9033.57},{"text":"those","start":9033.57,"end":9034.13},{"text":"on","start":9034.45,"end":9034.61},{"text":"Malta-flagged","start":9034.61,"end":9035.33},{"text":"vessels","start":9035.33,"end":9035.73},{"text":"in","start":9035.73,"end":9035.81},{"text":"the","start":9035.81,"end":9035.97},{"text":"Black","start":9035.97,"end":9036.25},{"text":"Sea","start":9036.25,"end":9036.65},{"text":"and","start":9036.65,"end":9036.77},{"text":"the","start":9036.77,"end":9036.85},{"text":"Strait","start":9036.85,"end":9037.13},{"text":"of","start":9037.13,"end":9037.29},{"text":"Hormuz,","start":9037.29,"end":9037.89},{"text":"have","start":9038.13,"end":9038.37},{"text":"underscored","start":9038.37,"end":9039.21},{"text":"the","start":9039.21,"end":9039.29},{"text":"risks","start":9039.29,"end":9039.73},{"text":"that","start":9039.73,"end":9039.97},{"text":"hostilities","start":9039.97,"end":9040.61},{"text":"pose","start":9040.61,"end":9040.85},{"text":"to","start":9040.85,"end":9040.93},{"text":"commercial","start":9040.93,"end":9041.49},{"text":"shipping","start":9041.49,"end":9041.97},{"text":"and","start":9041.97,"end":9042.21},{"text":"seafarers.","start":9042.21,"end":9043.09}]},{"text":"We strongly condemn such attacks, including against vessels lawfully exercising transit passage.","start":9043.81,"end":9049.09,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9043.81,"end":9044.01},{"text":"strongly","start":9044.01,"end":9044.45},{"text":"condemn","start":9044.45,"end":9044.85},{"text":"such","start":9044.85,"end":9045.09},{"text":"attacks,","start":9045.09,"end":9045.57},{"text":"including","start":9045.57,"end":9046.13},{"text":"against","start":9046.13,"end":9046.49},{"text":"vessels","start":9046.49,"end":9047.01},{"text":"lawfully","start":9047.01,"end":9047.53},{"text":"exercising","start":9047.53,"end":9048.13},{"text":"transit","start":9048.13,"end":9048.61},{"text":"passage.","start":9048.61,"end":9049.09}]},{"text":"Recent experience demonstrates the need for operational arrangements for evacuation, repatriation, crew changes, and access to medical and humanitarian assistance.","start":9049.81,"end":9060.13,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"Recent","start":9049.81,"end":9050.21},{"text":"experience","start":9050.21,"end":9050.77},{"text":"demonstrates","start":9050.77,"end":9051.41},{"text":"the","start":9051.41,"end":9051.49},{"text":"need","start":9051.49,"end":9051.77},{"text":"for","start":9051.77,"end":9051.97},{"text":"operational","start":9051.97,"end":9052.53},{"text":"arrangements","start":9052.53,"end":9053.33},{"text":"for","start":9053.33,"end":9053.49},{"text":"evacuation,","start":9053.49,"end":9054.45},{"text":"repatriation,","start":9054.69,"end":9055.81},{"text":"crew","start":9056.05,"end":9056.29},{"text":"changes,","start":9056.29,"end":9056.93},{"text":"and","start":9057.13,"end":9057.41},{"text":"access","start":9057.41,"end":9057.89},{"text":"to","start":9057.89,"end":9058.01},{"text":"medical","start":9058.01,"end":9058.61},{"text":"and","start":9058.65,"end":9058.81},{"text":"humanitarian","start":9058.81,"end":9059.45},{"text":"assistance.","start":9059.45,"end":9060.13}]},{"text":"Third, preparedness and coordination.","start":9061.49,"end":9064.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":9061.49,"end":9061.89},{"text":"preparedness","start":9062.21,"end":9063.01},{"text":"and","start":9063.01,"end":9063.25},{"text":"coordination.","start":9063.25,"end":9064.05}]},{"text":"Insecurity affecting one critical maritime route can generate cascading consequences across interconnected sea lanes and global supply chains.","start":9065.17,"end":9073.81,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"Insecurity","start":9065.17,"end":9065.85},{"text":"affecting","start":9065.85,"end":9066.37},{"text":"one","start":9066.37,"end":9066.57},{"text":"critical","start":9066.57,"end":9066.97},{"text":"maritime","start":9066.97,"end":9067.49},{"text":"route","start":9067.49,"end":9067.81},{"text":"can","start":9068.05,"end":9068.29},{"text":"generate","start":9068.29,"end":9068.69},{"text":"cascading","start":9068.69,"end":9069.33},{"text":"consequences","start":9069.33,"end":9070.29},{"text":"across","start":9070.29,"end":9070.69},{"text":"interconnected","start":9070.69,"end":9071.45},{"text":"sea","start":9071.45,"end":9071.73},{"text":"lanes","start":9071.73,"end":9072.21},{"text":"and","start":9072.21,"end":9072.45},{"text":"global","start":9072.45,"end":9072.85},{"text":"supply","start":9072.85,"end":9073.25},{"text":"chains.","start":9073.25,"end":9073.81}]},{"text":"These disruptions across critical waterways demonstrate the limitations of ad hoc responses.","start":9074.45,"end":9080.53,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."}],"words":[{"text":"These","start":9074.45,"end":9074.69},{"text":"disruptions","start":9074.69,"end":9075.33},{"text":"across","start":9075.33,"end":9075.69},{"text":"critical","start":9075.69,"end":9076.13},{"text":"waterways","start":9076.13,"end":9076.85},{"text":"demonstrate","start":9077.17,"end":9077.73},{"text":"the","start":9077.73,"end":9077.85},{"text":"limitations","start":9077.85,"end":9078.77},{"text":"of","start":9078.77,"end":9079.01},{"text":"ad","start":9079.01,"end":9079.25},{"text":"hoc","start":9079.25,"end":9079.65},{"text":"responses.","start":9079.65,"end":9080.53}]},{"text":"We support strengthened maritime domain awareness, trusted information sharing, early warning mechanisms, and arrangements capable of rapidly coordinating the United Nations, the IMO, regional organizations, member states, and the industry.","start":9081.49,"end":9097.09,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9081.49,"end":9081.53},{"text":"support","start":9081.53,"end":9082.05},{"text":"strengthened","start":9082.05,"end":9082.69},{"text":"maritime","start":9082.69,"end":9083.09},{"text":"domain","start":9083.09,"end":9083.45},{"text":"awareness,","start":9083.45,"end":9084.13},{"text":"trusted","start":9084.45,"end":9084.97},{"text":"information","start":9084.97,"end":9085.57},{"text":"sharing,","start":9085.57,"end":9086.13},{"text":"early","start":9086.45,"end":9086.77},{"text":"warning","start":9086.77,"end":9087.09},{"text":"mechanisms,","start":9087.09,"end":9087.89},{"text":"and","start":9088.21,"end":9088.45},{"text":"arrangements","start":9088.45,"end":9089.17},{"text":"capable","start":9089.17,"end":9089.93},{"text":"of","start":9089.93,"end":9090.05},{"text":"rapidly","start":9090.05,"end":9090.53},{"text":"coordinating","start":9090.53,"end":9091.21},{"text":"the","start":9091.21,"end":9091.29},{"text":"United","start":9091.29,"end":9091.69},{"text":"Nations,","start":9091.69,"end":9092.37},{"text":"the","start":9092.53,"end":9092.77},{"text":"IMO,","start":9092.81,"end":9093.41},{"text":"regional","start":9093.57,"end":9093.89},{"text":"organizations,","start":9093.89,"end":9094.93},{"text":"member","start":9094.93,"end":9095.25},{"text":"states,","start":9095.25,"end":9095.73},{"text":"and","start":9095.97,"end":9096.37},{"text":"the","start":9096.37,"end":9096.49},{"text":"industry.","start":9096.49,"end":9097.09}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, effective implementation of Security Council Resolution 2817 in accordance with international law and UNCLOS requires sustained engagement among the United Nations, the IMO, regional organizations, member states, and stakeholders.","start":9098.77,"end":9116.41,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":9098.77,"end":9099.57},{"text":"Chair,","start":9099.57,"end":9099.97},{"text":"effective","start":9100.29,"end":9100.81},{"text":"implementation","start":9100.81,"end":9101.81},{"text":"of","start":9101.81,"end":9101.97},{"text":"Security","start":9101.97,"end":9102.49},{"text":"Council","start":9102.49,"end":9102.85},{"text":"Resolution","start":9102.85,"end":9103.57},{"text":"2817","start":9103.57,"end":9104.69},{"text":"in","start":9104.77,"end":9105.01},{"text":"accordance","start":9105.01,"end":9105.57},{"text":"with","start":9105.57,"end":9105.73},{"text":"international","start":9105.73,"end":9106.41},{"text":"law","start":9106.41,"end":9106.49},{"text":"and","start":9106.49,"end":9106.61},{"text":"UNCLOS","start":9106.61,"end":9107.73},{"text":"requires","start":9108.17,"end":9108.69},{"text":"sustained","start":9108.69,"end":9109.25},{"text":"engagement","start":9109.25,"end":9109.93},{"text":"among","start":9109.93,"end":9110.33},{"text":"the","start":9110.33,"end":9110.41},{"text":"United","start":9110.41,"end":9110.81},{"text":"Nations,","start":9110.81,"end":9111.53},{"text":"the","start":9111.69,"end":9111.93},{"text":"IMO,","start":9111.93,"end":9112.49},{"text":"regional","start":9112.89,"end":9113.21},{"text":"organizations,","start":9113.21,"end":9114.25},{"text":"member","start":9114.33,"end":9114.65},{"text":"states,","start":9114.65,"end":9115.21},{"text":"and","start":9115.21,"end":9115.49},{"text":"stakeholders.","start":9115.49,"end":9116.41}]},{"text":"No single actor can address these challenges alone.","start":9117.13,"end":9120.33,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"No","start":9117.13,"end":9117.45},{"text":"single","start":9117.45,"end":9117.85},{"text":"actor","start":9117.85,"end":9118.33},{"text":"can","start":9118.49,"end":9118.69},{"text":"address","start":9118.69,"end":9118.97},{"text":"these","start":9118.97,"end":9119.21},{"text":"challenges","start":9119.21,"end":9119.85},{"text":"alone.","start":9119.85,"end":9120.33}]},{"text":"Our collective objective should be to ensure that the tools, mandates, and expertise across the international system operate in a mutually reinforcing and coordinated manner.","start":9120.89,"end":9130.89,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":9120.89,"end":9121.13},{"text":"collective","start":9121.13,"end":9121.61},{"text":"objective","start":9121.61,"end":9122.09},{"text":"should","start":9122.09,"end":9122.29},{"text":"be","start":9122.29,"end":9122.41},{"text":"to","start":9122.41,"end":9122.53},{"text":"ensure","start":9122.53,"end":9122.89},{"text":"that","start":9122.89,"end":9123.05},{"text":"the","start":9123.05,"end":9123.13},{"text":"tools,","start":9123.13,"end":9123.77},{"text":"mandates,","start":9123.77,"end":9124.49},{"text":"and","start":9124.49,"end":9124.61},{"text":"expertise","start":9124.61,"end":9125.37},{"text":"across","start":9125.45,"end":9125.93},{"text":"the","start":9125.93,"end":9126.01},{"text":"international","start":9126.01,"end":9126.57},{"text":"system","start":9126.57,"end":9127.05},{"text":"operate","start":9127.45,"end":9127.89},{"text":"in","start":9127.89,"end":9128.01},{"text":"a","start":9128.01,"end":9128.05},{"text":"mutually","start":9128.05,"end":9128.57},{"text":"reinforcing","start":9128.57,"end":9129.53},{"text":"and","start":9129.61,"end":9129.93},{"text":"coordinated","start":9129.93,"end":9130.49},{"text":"manner.","start":9130.49,"end":9130.89}]},{"text":"In an interconnected maritime environment, collective preparedness, practical cooperation and shared responsibility remain our best safeguards for secure, open and resilient seas.","start":9131.77,"end":9144.17,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9131.77,"end":9131.89},{"text":"an","start":9131.89,"end":9131.97},{"text":"interconnected","start":9131.97,"end":9132.81},{"text":"maritime","start":9132.81,"end":9133.37},{"text":"environment,","start":9133.37,"end":9134.09},{"text":"collective","start":9134.41,"end":9134.93},{"text":"preparedness,","start":9134.93,"end":9135.77},{"text":"practical","start":9135.85,"end":9136.37},{"text":"cooperation","start":9136.37,"end":9137.21},{"text":"and","start":9137.37,"end":9137.61},{"text":"shared","start":9137.61,"end":9137.85},{"text":"responsibility","start":9137.85,"end":9138.89},{"text":"remain","start":9139.13,"end":9139.53},{"text":"our","start":9139.53,"end":9139.77},{"text":"best","start":9139.77,"end":9140.65},{"text":"safeguards","start":9140.97,"end":9141.61},{"text":"for","start":9141.61,"end":9141.77},{"text":"secure,","start":9141.77,"end":9142.41},{"text":"open","start":9142.57,"end":9143.13},{"text":"and","start":9143.13,"end":9143.37},{"text":"resilient","start":9143.37,"end":9143.81},{"text":"seas.","start":9143.81,"end":9144.17}]},{"text":"I thank you.","start":9144.25,"end":9144.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9144.25,"end":9144.41},{"text":"thank","start":9144.41,"end":9144.73},{"text":"you.","start":9144.73,"end":9144.81}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"MLT","affiliation_full":"Malta","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":55,"start":9146.97,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=2:32:27","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the permanent...","start":9146.97,"end":9153.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9146.97,"end":9147.01},{"text":"thank","start":9147.01,"end":9147.17},{"text":"the","start":9151.95,"end":9152.03},{"text":"permanent...","start":9152.15,"end":9153.83}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank Malta and I give the floor to Timor-Leste.","start":9154.07,"end":9157.83,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9154.07,"end":9154.23},{"text":"thank","start":9154.23,"end":9154.55},{"text":"Malta","start":9154.55,"end":9154.99},{"text":"and","start":9154.99,"end":9155.27},{"text":"I","start":9155.83,"end":9156.23},{"text":"give","start":9156.31,"end":9156.51},{"text":"the","start":9156.95,"end":9157.03},{"text":"floor","start":9157.03,"end":9157.27},{"text":"to","start":9157.27,"end":9157.35},{"text":"Timor-Leste.","start":9157.35,"end":9157.83}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdulatif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":56,"start":9157.83,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=2:32:38","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Chair, Excellencies, distinguished briefers.","start":9157.83,"end":9162.63,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":9157.83,"end":9157.95},{"text":"Excellencies,","start":9161.07,"end":9161.75},{"text":"distinguished","start":9161.75,"end":9162.27},{"text":"briefers.","start":9162.27,"end":9162.63}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Timor-Leste thanks Bahrain for convening this discussion and the briefers for their valuable insights.","start":9163.33,"end":9168.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Timor-Leste","start":9163.33,"end":9163.85},{"text":"thanks","start":9163.85,"end":9164.17},{"text":"Bahrain","start":9164.17,"end":9164.65},{"text":"for","start":9164.65,"end":9164.89},{"text":"convening","start":9164.89,"end":9165.37},{"text":"this","start":9165.37,"end":9165.61},{"text":"discussion","start":9165.61,"end":9166.25},{"text":"and","start":9166.25,"end":9166.41},{"text":"the","start":9166.41,"end":9166.49},{"text":"briefers","start":9166.49,"end":9166.89},{"text":"for","start":9167.29,"end":9167.45},{"text":"their","start":9167.45,"end":9167.69},{"text":"valuable","start":9167.69,"end":9168.13},{"text":"insights.","start":9168.13,"end":9168.81}]},{"text":"For a coastal state like Timor-Leste, the sea connects our people to markets, essential supplies and opportunities for development.","start":9169.61,"end":9175.97,"topics":[{"key":"vulnerable-economies","label":"Vulnerable Economies and Small States","description":"A consistent concern was the disproportionate impact of maritime disruption on developing countries, small island states, landlocked countries, and import-dependent economies. Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."},{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":9169.61,"end":9169.85},{"text":"a","start":9169.85,"end":9169.89},{"text":"coastal","start":9169.89,"end":9170.25},{"text":"state","start":9170.25,"end":9170.57},{"text":"like","start":9170.57,"end":9170.77},{"text":"Timor-Leste,","start":9170.77,"end":9171.37},{"text":"the","start":9171.37,"end":9171.49},{"text":"sea","start":9171.49,"end":9171.77},{"text":"connects","start":9171.77,"end":9172.17},{"text":"our","start":9172.17,"end":9172.33},{"text":"people","start":9172.33,"end":9172.73},{"text":"to","start":9172.73,"end":9172.81},{"text":"markets,","start":9172.81,"end":9173.37},{"text":"essential","start":9173.61,"end":9174.09},{"text":"supplies","start":9174.09,"end":9174.53},{"text":"and","start":9174.53,"end":9174.69},{"text":"opportunities","start":9174.69,"end":9175.29},{"text":"for","start":9175.29,"end":9175.41},{"text":"development.","start":9175.41,"end":9175.97}]},{"text":"Protecting freedom of navigation is therefore inseparable from safeguarding our security and our community's well-being.","start":9176.73,"end":9183.29,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Protecting","start":9176.73,"end":9177.21},{"text":"freedom","start":9177.21,"end":9177.61},{"text":"of","start":9177.61,"end":9177.73},{"text":"navigation","start":9177.93,"end":9178.57},{"text":"is","start":9178.57,"end":9178.73},{"text":"therefore","start":9178.73,"end":9179.21},{"text":"inseparable","start":9179.21,"end":9179.93},{"text":"from","start":9180.25,"end":9180.49},{"text":"safeguarding","start":9180.49,"end":9181.13},{"text":"our","start":9181.13,"end":9181.29},{"text":"security","start":9181.29,"end":9181.81},{"text":"and","start":9181.81,"end":9181.97},{"text":"our","start":9181.97,"end":9182.09},{"text":"community's","start":9182.09,"end":9182.73},{"text":"well-being.","start":9182.73,"end":9183.29}]},{"text":"Attacks on commercial shipping, interference of navigation systems, and threats to seafarer endangered lives and undermine international peace and security.","start":9184.89,"end":9193.09,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Where","start":9248.41,"end":9248.81},{"text":"transit","start":9248.81,"end":9249.29},{"text":"passage","start":9249.29,"end":9249.77},{"text":"applies,","start":9249.77,"end":9250.41},{"text":"it","start":9250.57,"end":9250.73},{"text":"must","start":9250.73,"end":9250.97},{"text":"not","start":9250.97,"end":9251.17},{"text":"be","start":9251.17,"end":9251.29},{"text":"hampered","start":9251.29,"end":9251.77},{"text":"or","start":9251.77,"end":9251.97},{"text":"suspended.","start":9251.97,"end":9252.65}]},{"text":"Responses must comply with international law, including the United Nations Charter and, where applicable, international humanitarian law.","start":9253.21,"end":9261.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Responses","start":9253.21,"end":9253.93},{"text":"must","start":9253.93,"end":9254.09},{"text":"comply","start":9254.09,"end":9254.49},{"text":"with","start":9254.49,"end":9254.73},{"text":"international","start":9254.73,"end":9255.73},{"text":"law,","start":9255.73,"end":9255.81},{"text":"including","start":9256.33,"end":9256.77},{"text":"the","start":9256.77,"end":9256.85},{"text":"United","start":9256.85,"end":9257.17},{"text":"Nations","start":9257.17,"end":9257.53},{"text":"Charter","start":9257.53,"end":9258.09},{"text":"and,","start":9258.09,"end":9258.29},{"text":"where","start":9258.29,"end":9258.53},{"text":"applicable,","start":9258.53,"end":9259.13},{"text":"international","start":9259.37,"end":9260.09},{"text":"humanitarian","start":9260.09,"end":9260.73},{"text":"law.","start":9260.73,"end":9261.01}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"The resolution.","start":9262.17,"end":9263.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9262.17,"end":9262.29},{"text":"resolution.","start":9262.29,"end":9263.05}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Our maritime disputes with our neighbors demonstrate the value of peaceful dispute settlement under UNCLOS.","start":9264.45,"end":9271.13,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. 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Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":9264.45,"end":9264.85},{"text":"maritime","start":9264.85,"end":9265.29},{"text":"disputes","start":9265.29,"end":9265.89},{"text":"with","start":9265.89,"end":9266.13},{"text":"our","start":9266.13,"end":9266.37},{"text":"neighbors","start":9266.37,"end":9266.81},{"text":"demonstrate","start":9266.81,"end":9267.49},{"text":"the","start":9267.81,"end":9267.93},{"text":"value","start":9267.93,"end":9268.33},{"text":"of","start":9268.33,"end":9268.45},{"text":"peaceful","start":9268.45,"end":9268.81},{"text":"dispute","start":9268.81,"end":9269.21},{"text":"settlement","start":9269.21,"end":9269.77},{"text":"under","start":9269.77,"end":9270.17},{"text":"UNCLOS.","start":9270.17,"end":9271.13}]},{"text":"It reinforces our conviction that dialogue and international law provide practical pathways to security and cooperation.","start":9271.13,"end":9277.81,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. 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Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"States,","start":9285.25,"end":9285.97},{"text":"the","start":9286.05,"end":9286.17},{"text":"International","start":9286.17,"end":9286.77},{"text":"Maritime","start":9286.77,"end":9287.09},{"text":"Organization,","start":9287.09,"end":9287.81},{"text":"regional","start":9287.89,"end":9288.25},{"text":"organizations,","start":9288.25,"end":9288.93},{"text":"and","start":9288.97,"end":9289.13},{"text":"industry","start":9289.17,"end":9289.81},{"text":"should","start":9290.13,"end":9290.61},{"text":"strengthen","start":9290.61,"end":9291.17},{"text":"verified","start":9291.17,"end":9291.73},{"text":"warnings.","start":9291.73,"end":9292.37}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Emergency contacts and operational information sharing.","start":9293.65,"end":9296.29,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."}],"words":[{"text":"Emergency","start":9293.65,"end":9294.13},{"text":"contacts","start":9294.13,"end":9294.57},{"text":"and","start":9294.57,"end":9294.69},{"text":"operational","start":9294.69,"end":9295.25},{"text":"information","start":9295.25,"end":9295.81},{"text":"sharing.","start":9295.81,"end":9296.29}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Crews need practical contingency plans, training and secure communications.","start":9296.93,"end":9302.85,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."},{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"Crews","start":9296.93,"end":9297.49},{"text":"need","start":9297.57,"end":9297.97},{"text":"practical","start":9298.13,"end":9299.17},{"text":"contingency","start":9299.17,"end":9299.85},{"text":"plans,","start":9299.85,"end":9300.29},{"text":"training","start":9300.69,"end":9301.17},{"text":"and","start":9301.17,"end":9301.29},{"text":"secure","start":9301.29,"end":9301.89},{"text":"communications.","start":9301.97,"end":9302.85}]},{"text":"Protective arrangements must have a clear legal basis and safeguards against escalation.","start":9303.25,"end":9308.37,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. 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Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"Protective","start":9303.25,"end":9303.73},{"text":"arrangements","start":9303.73,"end":9304.37},{"text":"must","start":9304.37,"end":9304.61},{"text":"have","start":9304.61,"end":9304.77},{"text":"a","start":9304.77,"end":9304.85},{"text":"clear","start":9304.85,"end":9305.17},{"text":"legal","start":9305.17,"end":9305.41},{"text":"basis","start":9305.41,"end":9305.89},{"text":"and","start":9306.13,"end":9306.29},{"text":"safeguards","start":9306.29,"end":9307.01},{"text":"against","start":9307.25,"end":9307.73},{"text":"escalation.","start":9307.73,"end":9308.37}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Second, on credible reporting and accountability, we believe that relevant actors should preserve evidence and share verified information appropriately.","start":9308.85,"end":9318.37,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. 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Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"with","start":9322.33,"end":9322.49},{"text":"attribution","start":9322.49,"end":9323.05},{"text":"supported","start":9323.05,"end":9323.85},{"text":"where","start":9323.97,"end":9324.33},{"text":"needed","start":9324.33,"end":9324.81},{"text":"for","start":9324.81,"end":9325.13},{"text":"forensic,","start":9325.13,"end":9325.69},{"text":"legal,","start":9325.69,"end":9326.17},{"text":"and","start":9326.17,"end":9326.33},{"text":"technical","start":9326.33,"end":9326.73},{"text":"assistance.","start":9326.73,"end":9327.21}]},{"text":"Third, on capacity and resilience, developing coastal states need predictable support to monitor their waters, protect ports and maritime infrastructure, strengthen cyber resilience, and respond to emergencies.","start":9327.93,"end":9342.17,"topics":[{"key":"vulnerable-economies","label":"Vulnerable Economies and Small States","description":"A consistent concern was the disproportionate impact of maritime disruption on developing countries, small island states, landlocked countries, and import-dependent economies. 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Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."}],"words":[{"text":"Third,","start":9327.93,"end":9328.33},{"text":"on","start":9328.69,"end":9328.81},{"text":"capacity","start":9328.81,"end":9329.33},{"text":"and","start":9329.33,"end":9329.45},{"text":"resilience,","start":9329.45,"end":9330.17},{"text":"developing","start":9331.13,"end":9331.69},{"text":"coastal","start":9331.69,"end":9332.01},{"text":"states","start":9332.01,"end":9332.49},{"text":"need","start":9332.57,"end":9333.05},{"text":"predictable","start":9333.45,"end":9334.01},{"text":"support","start":9334.01,"end":9334.45},{"text":"to","start":9334.45,"end":9334.53},{"text":"monitor","start":9334.53,"end":9335.05},{"text":"their","start":9335.21,"end":9335.53},{"text":"waters,","start":9336.09,"end":9336.73},{"text":"protect","start":9336.93,"end":9337.29},{"text":"ports","start":9337.29,"end":9337.69},{"text":"and","start":9337.73,"end":9337.85},{"text":"maritime","start":9337.85,"end":9338.25},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":9338.25,"end":9338.97},{"text":"strengthen","start":9339.29,"end":9339.77},{"text":"cyber","start":9339.77,"end":9340.09},{"text":"resilience,","start":9340.09,"end":9340.65},{"text":"and","start":9340.77,"end":9340.93},{"text":"respond","start":9340.93,"end":9341.41},{"text":"to","start":9341.41,"end":9341.49},{"text":"emergencies.","start":9341.49,"end":9342.17}]},{"text":"Assistance must reflect national priorities and include training, maintenance, and sustained operational resources.","start":9342.57,"end":9349.29,"topics":[{"key":"vulnerable-economies","label":"Vulnerable Economies and Small States","description":"A consistent concern was the disproportionate impact of maritime disruption on developing countries, small island states, landlocked countries, and import-dependent economies. Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."},{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."}],"words":[{"text":"Assistance","start":9342.57,"end":9343.21},{"text":"must","start":9343.21,"end":9343.45},{"text":"reflect","start":9343.45,"end":9343.93},{"text":"national","start":9344.17,"end":9344.57},{"text":"priorities","start":9344.57,"end":9345.21},{"text":"and","start":9345.57,"end":9345.69},{"text":"include","start":9345.69,"end":9346.09},{"text":"training,","start":9346.09,"end":9346.65},{"text":"maintenance,","start":9346.81,"end":9347.37},{"text":"and","start":9347.37,"end":9347.57},{"text":"sustained","start":9347.57,"end":9348.01},{"text":"operational","start":9348.05,"end":9348.57},{"text":"resources.","start":9348.57,"end":9349.29}]},{"text":"Excellencies, the seas connect our economies and our futures.","start":9350.17,"end":9353.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Excellencies,","start":9350.17,"end":9350.81},{"text":"the","start":9351.13,"end":9351.29},{"text":"seas","start":9351.29,"end":9351.77},{"text":"connect","start":9351.77,"end":9352.21},{"text":"our","start":9352.21,"end":9352.33},{"text":"economies","start":9352.33,"end":9352.97},{"text":"and","start":9352.97,"end":9353.13},{"text":"our","start":9353.13,"end":9353.29},{"text":"futures.","start":9353.29,"end":9353.85}]},{"text":"We encourage the Chair to reflect these priorities in its summary and support practical follow-up that protects seafarers and keeps maritime routes safe, open, and resilient.","start":9354.33,"end":9365.53,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."},{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":9354.33,"end":9354.49},{"text":"encourage","start":9354.49,"end":9355.13},{"text":"the","start":9355.13,"end":9355.25},{"text":"Chair","start":9355.25,"end":9355.61},{"text":"to","start":9355.61,"end":9355.69},{"text":"reflect","start":9355.93,"end":9356.37},{"text":"these","start":9356.37,"end":9356.49},{"text":"priorities","start":9356.49,"end":9357.05},{"text":"in","start":9357.05,"end":9357.21},{"text":"its","start":9357.21,"end":9357.41},{"text":"summary","start":9357.41,"end":9357.93},{"text":"and","start":9358.09,"end":9358.29},{"text":"support","start":9358.29,"end":9358.73},{"text":"practical","start":9358.73,"end":9359.21},{"text":"follow-up","start":9359.21,"end":9359.77},{"text":"that","start":9360.01,"end":9360.17},{"text":"protects","start":9360.17,"end":9360.69},{"text":"seafarers","start":9360.69,"end":9361.45},{"text":"and","start":9361.69,"end":9361.93},{"text":"keeps","start":9361.93,"end":9362.41},{"text":"maritime","start":9362.41,"end":9362.89},{"text":"routes","start":9362.89,"end":9363.49},{"text":"safe,","start":9363.49,"end":9363.93},{"text":"open,","start":9364.33,"end":9364.73},{"text":"and","start":9364.73,"end":9364.89},{"text":"resilient.","start":9364.89,"end":9365.53}]}]},{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you.","start":9365.93,"end":9366.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9365.93,"end":9366.17},{"text":"you.","start":9366.17,"end":9366.25}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"TLS","affiliation_full":"Timor-Leste","group":null,"function":"Permanent Representative"}},{"statement_number":57,"start":9370.01,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=2:36:11","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the Permanent Representative of Timor-Leste for this statement, and I'll give the floor to the Permanent Representative of Germany.","start":9370.01,"end":9375.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9370.01,"end":9370.05},{"text":"thank","start":9370.05,"end":9370.33},{"text":"the","start":9370.33,"end":9370.49},{"text":"Permanent","start":9370.53,"end":9370.89},{"text":"Representative","start":9370.89,"end":9371.45},{"text":"of","start":9371.45,"end":9371.53},{"text":"Timor-Leste","start":9371.53,"end":9372.17},{"text":"for","start":9372.17,"end":9372.41},{"text":"this","start":9372.41,"end":9372.57},{"text":"statement,","start":9372.57,"end":9372.89},{"text":"and","start":9372.89,"end":9373.05},{"text":"I'll","start":9373.05,"end":9373.25},{"text":"give","start":9373.25,"end":9373.37},{"text":"the","start":9373.37,"end":9373.49},{"text":"floor","start":9373.49,"end":9373.85},{"text":"to","start":9373.85,"end":9374.17},{"text":"the","start":9374.25,"end":9374.45},{"text":"Permanent","start":9374.45,"end":9374.81},{"text":"Representative","start":9374.81,"end":9375.33},{"text":"of","start":9375.33,"end":9375.45},{"text":"Germany.","start":9375.45,"end":9375.93}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdulatif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":58,"start":9381.09,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=2:36:22","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, President.","start":9381.09,"end":9382.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9381.09,"end":9381.25},{"text":"you,","start":9381.25,"end":9381.33},{"text":"President.","start":9381.33,"end":9382.13}]},{"text":"Thank you to the briefers for the valuable input, and thank you for convening this meeting today, because indeed, our maritime security requires a collective attention.","start":9382.37,"end":9391.49,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9382.37,"end":9382.69},{"text":"you","start":9382.69,"end":9382.85},{"text":"to","start":9382.85,"end":9382.97},{"text":"the","start":9382.97,"end":9383.05},{"text":"briefers","start":9383.05,"end":9383.49},{"text":"for","start":9383.65,"end":9383.81},{"text":"the","start":9383.81,"end":9383.89},{"text":"valuable","start":9383.89,"end":9384.37},{"text":"input,","start":9384.37,"end":9384.73},{"text":"and","start":9384.73,"end":9384.85},{"text":"thank","start":9384.85,"end":9385.09},{"text":"you","start":9385.09,"end":9385.21},{"text":"for","start":9385.21,"end":9385.65},{"text":"convening","start":9385.97,"end":9386.41},{"text":"this","start":9386.41,"end":9386.57},{"text":"meeting","start":9386.57,"end":9386.85},{"text":"today,","start":9386.85,"end":9387.17},{"text":"because","start":9387.17,"end":9387.41},{"text":"indeed,","start":9387.41,"end":9387.97},{"text":"our","start":9388.37,"end":9388.53},{"text":"maritime","start":9388.53,"end":9389.01},{"text":"security","start":9389.01,"end":9389.57},{"text":"requires","start":9389.57,"end":9390.33},{"text":"a","start":9390.33,"end":9390.37},{"text":"collective","start":9390.37,"end":9390.85},{"text":"attention.","start":9390.85,"end":9391.49}]},{"text":"Freedom of the seas is a lifeline of our interconnected global economy.","start":9392.37,"end":9396.93,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"Freedom","start":9392.37,"end":9392.69},{"text":"of","start":9392.69,"end":9392.85},{"text":"the","start":9392.85,"end":9392.93},{"text":"seas","start":9392.93,"end":9393.57},{"text":"is","start":9393.57,"end":9393.97},{"text":"a","start":9394.29,"end":9394.33},{"text":"lifeline","start":9394.33,"end":9395.01},{"text":"of","start":9395.01,"end":9395.13},{"text":"our","start":9395.13,"end":9395.33},{"text":"interconnected","start":9395.33,"end":9395.93},{"text":"global","start":9395.93,"end":9396.29},{"text":"economy.","start":9396.29,"end":9396.93}]},{"text":"Others have said so, but I would like to underline as well.","start":9397.17,"end":9400.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Others","start":9397.17,"end":9397.41},{"text":"have","start":9397.41,"end":9397.57},{"text":"said","start":9397.57,"end":9397.81},{"text":"so,","start":9397.81,"end":9398.13},{"text":"but","start":9398.13,"end":9398.37},{"text":"I","start":9398.37,"end":9398.53},{"text":"would","start":9398.53,"end":9398.69},{"text":"like","start":9398.69,"end":9398.93},{"text":"to","start":9398.93,"end":9399.01},{"text":"underline","start":9399.01,"end":9399.65},{"text":"as","start":9399.73,"end":9399.89},{"text":"well.","start":9399.89,"end":9400.29}]},{"text":"Maritime disruptions have devastating consequences on trade, food and energy security and stability that reach far beyond the region.","start":9400.29,"end":9408.57,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."},{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."},{"key":"vulnerable-economies","label":"Vulnerable Economies and Small States","description":"A consistent concern was the disproportionate impact of maritime disruption on developing countries, small island states, landlocked countries, and import-dependent economies. Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"Maritime","start":9400.29,"end":9400.77},{"text":"disruptions","start":9400.77,"end":9401.57},{"text":"have","start":9402.09,"end":9402.25},{"text":"devastating","start":9402.25,"end":9402.93},{"text":"consequences","start":9402.93,"end":9403.69},{"text":"on","start":9403.69,"end":9403.77},{"text":"trade,","start":9403.77,"end":9404.25},{"text":"food","start":9404.49,"end":9404.97},{"text":"and","start":9404.97,"end":9405.13},{"text":"energy","start":9405.13,"end":9405.45},{"text":"security","start":9405.45,"end":9406.09},{"text":"and","start":9406.17,"end":9406.33},{"text":"stability","start":9406.33,"end":9406.89},{"text":"that","start":9406.89,"end":9407.05},{"text":"reach","start":9407.05,"end":9407.45},{"text":"far","start":9407.53,"end":9407.77},{"text":"beyond","start":9407.77,"end":9408.09},{"text":"the","start":9408.09,"end":9408.17},{"text":"region.","start":9408.17,"end":9408.57}]},{"text":"And the conflicts in the Strait of Hormuz, the Red Sea and around the Black Sea are testimony to that, and they underline that the law of the sea needs to be upheld.","start":9408.89,"end":9417.77,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."},{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":9408.89,"end":9409.05},{"text":"the","start":9409.05,"end":9409.13},{"text":"conflicts","start":9409.13,"end":9409.69},{"text":"in","start":9409.69,"end":9409.77},{"text":"the","start":9409.77,"end":9409.85},{"text":"Strait","start":9409.85,"end":9410.25},{"text":"of","start":9410.49,"end":9410.61},{"text":"Hormuz,","start":9410.61,"end":9411.05},{"text":"the","start":9411.05,"end":9411.17},{"text":"Red","start":9411.17,"end":9411.33},{"text":"Sea","start":9411.33,"end":9411.69},{"text":"and","start":9411.69,"end":9411.81},{"text":"around","start":9411.81,"end":9412.05},{"text":"the","start":9412.05,"end":9412.13},{"text":"Black","start":9412.13,"end":9412.41},{"text":"Sea","start":9412.41,"end":9412.77},{"text":"are","start":9413.05,"end":9413.13},{"text":"testimony","start":9413.13,"end":9413.77},{"text":"to","start":9413.77,"end":9413.85},{"text":"that,","start":9413.85,"end":9414.25},{"text":"and","start":9414.25,"end":9414.45},{"text":"they","start":9414.45,"end":9414.57},{"text":"underline","start":9414.57,"end":9415.13},{"text":"that","start":9415.13,"end":9415.29},{"text":"the","start":9415.29,"end":9415.37},{"text":"law","start":9415.37,"end":9415.65},{"text":"of","start":9415.65,"end":9415.77},{"text":"the","start":9415.77,"end":9415.89},{"text":"sea","start":9415.89,"end":9416.33},{"text":"needs","start":9416.57,"end":9416.93},{"text":"to","start":9416.93,"end":9417.01},{"text":"be","start":9417.01,"end":9417.21},{"text":"upheld.","start":9417.21,"end":9417.77}]},{"text":"Maritime security must be based on international law and on the principles of navigational rights and freedom.","start":9418.09,"end":9424.41,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Maritime","start":9418.09,"end":9418.49},{"text":"security","start":9418.49,"end":9418.97},{"text":"must","start":9418.97,"end":9419.29},{"text":"be","start":9419.29,"end":9419.45},{"text":"based","start":9419.45,"end":9419.93},{"text":"on","start":9420.29,"end":9420.41},{"text":"international","start":9420.41,"end":9421.33},{"text":"law","start":9421.33,"end":9421.41},{"text":"and","start":9421.53,"end":9421.77},{"text":"on","start":9421.77,"end":9421.85},{"text":"the","start":9421.85,"end":9421.93},{"text":"principles","start":9421.93,"end":9422.65},{"text":"of","start":9422.65,"end":9422.81},{"text":"navigational","start":9422.81,"end":9423.45},{"text":"rights","start":9423.45,"end":9423.85},{"text":"and","start":9423.89,"end":9424.01},{"text":"freedom.","start":9424.01,"end":9424.41}]},{"text":"By threatening and attacking international commercial shipping, Iran is violating international law.","start":9425.29,"end":9430.01,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Speakers warned that maritime rules and response tools must adapt to these evolving and hybrid forms of insecurity."}],"words":[{"text":"By","start":9425.29,"end":9425.45},{"text":"threatening","start":9425.45,"end":9426.09},{"text":"and","start":9426.09,"end":9426.25},{"text":"attacking","start":9426.25,"end":9426.69},{"text":"international","start":9426.69,"end":9427.21},{"text":"commercial","start":9427.21,"end":9427.61},{"text":"shipping,","start":9427.61,"end":9428.01},{"text":"Iran","start":9428.01,"end":9428.33},{"text":"is","start":9428.33,"end":9428.49},{"text":"violating","start":9428.49,"end":9429.01},{"text":"international","start":9429.01,"end":9429.93},{"text":"law.","start":9429.93,"end":9430.01}]},{"text":"Just as the Houthis are doing in the Bab al-Mandab.","start":9430.81,"end":9433.69,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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integral pillar of international order based on the rule of law.","start":9596.17,"end":9607.97,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":9596.17,"end":9596.29},{"text":"a","start":9596.29,"end":9596.37},{"text":"maritime","start":9596.37,"end":9596.85},{"text":"nation,","start":9596.85,"end":9597.41},{"text":"Japan","start":9597.49,"end":9597.97},{"text":"strongly","start":9597.97,"end":9598.45},{"text":"emphasizes","start":9598.45,"end":9599.17},{"text":"freedom","start":9599.41,"end":9599.97},{"text":"of","start":9599.97,"end":9600.13},{"text":"navigation","start":9600.13,"end":9600.77},{"text":"stipulated","start":9600.77,"end":9601.73},{"text":"in","start":9601.73,"end":9602.01},{"text":"UNCLOS","start":9602.01,"end":9603.09},{"text":"is","start":9603.41,"end":9603.65},{"text":"an","start":9603.65,"end":9603.81},{"text":"integral","start":9603.81,"end":9604.33},{"text":"pillar","start":9604.53,"end":9605.05},{"text":"of","start":9605.05,"end":9605.17},{"text":"international","start":9605.17,"end":9605.85},{"text":"order","start":9605.85,"end":9606.29},{"text":"based","start":9606.53,"end":9606.93},{"text":"on","start":9606.93,"end":9607.09},{"text":"the","start":9607.09,"end":9607.25},{"text":"rule","start":9607.25,"end":9607.49},{"text":"of","start":9607.49,"end":9607.57},{"text":"law.","start":9607.57,"end":9607.97}]},{"text":"This is especially true in the strategically locally transit routes that serves as lifelines for global commerce.","start":9608.93,"end":9616.61,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. 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The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"Japan","start":9630.77,"end":9631.13},{"text":"is","start":9631.13,"end":9631.33},{"text":"deeply","start":9631.33,"end":9631.73},{"text":"concerned","start":9631.73,"end":9632.45},{"text":"that","start":9632.45,"end":9632.65},{"text":"the","start":9632.65,"end":9632.73},{"text":"insecurity","start":9632.73,"end":9634.13},{"text":"in","start":9634.13,"end":9634.37},{"text":"these","start":9634.37,"end":9634.61},{"text":"strategic","start":9634.61,"end":9635.61},{"text":"sea","start":9635.61,"end":9635.93},{"text":"lanes","start":9635.93,"end":9636.37},{"text":"is","start":9636.53,"end":9636.77},{"text":"having","start":9636.77,"end":9637.17},{"text":"far-reaching","start":9637.17,"end":9637.89},{"text":"implications","start":9637.89,"end":9638.85},{"text":"for","start":9639.09,"end":9639.25},{"text":"global","start":9639.25,"end":9639.73},{"text":"energy","start":9639.73,"end":9640.29},{"text":"and","start":9640.53,"end":9640.93},{"text":"food","start":9641.17,"end":9641.49},{"text":"security.","start":9641.49,"end":9642.05}]},{"text":"It is of utmost importance to restore free and safe navigation through the straits as soon as possible.","start":9643.81,"end":9651.09,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":9694.81,"end":9695.13},{"text":"attacks","start":9695.13,"end":9695.53},{"text":"on","start":9695.53,"end":9695.69},{"text":"civilians","start":9695.69,"end":9696.33},{"text":"and","start":9696.33,"end":9696.45},{"text":"civilian","start":9696.45,"end":9696.89},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":9696.89,"end":9697.93},{"text":"as","start":9698.29,"end":9698.41},{"text":"well","start":9698.41,"end":9698.61},{"text":"as","start":9698.61,"end":9698.81},{"text":"any","start":9698.81,"end":9699.05},{"text":"action","start":9699.05,"end":9699.49},{"text":"that","start":9699.49,"end":9699.77},{"text":"impedes","start":9699.77,"end":9700.25},{"text":"the","start":9700.25,"end":9700.37},{"text":"free","start":9700.37,"end":9700.73},{"text":"and","start":9700.73,"end":9700.97},{"text":"safe","start":9700.97,"end":9701.37},{"text":"navigation","start":9701.37,"end":9701.97},{"text":"of","start":9701.97,"end":9702.13},{"text":"vessels,","start":9702.13,"end":9702.73},{"text":"can","start":9703.13,"end":9703.37},{"text":"never","start":9703.37,"end":9703.69},{"text":"be","start":9703.69,"end":9703.85},{"text":"tolerated","start":9703.85,"end":9704.53},{"text":"and","start":9704.81,"end":9705.05},{"text":"must","start":9705.05,"end":9705.57},{"text":"cease","start":9705.57,"end":9705.77},{"text":"immediately.","start":9705.77,"end":9706.57}]},{"text":"In conclusion, Japan will continue to diplomatic efforts in close coordination with the international community to safeguard the navigational rights and freedoms for all.","start":9707.57,"end":9717.49,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."},{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional 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India.","start":9720.93,"end":9726.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9720.93,"end":9721.17},{"text":"thank","start":9721.25,"end":9721.65},{"text":"the","start":9721.65,"end":9721.77},{"text":"Permanent","start":9721.81,"end":9722.37},{"text":"Representative","start":9722.37,"end":9723.01},{"text":"of","start":9723.01,"end":9723.17},{"text":"Japan","start":9723.17,"end":9723.45},{"text":"and","start":9723.45,"end":9723.57},{"text":"I'll","start":9723.57,"end":9723.77},{"text":"give","start":9723.77,"end":9723.89},{"text":"the","start":9723.89,"end":9723.97},{"text":"floor","start":9723.97,"end":9724.45},{"text":"to","start":9724.45,"end":9724.69},{"text":"the","start":9724.69,"end":9724.85},{"text":"Permanent","start":9724.85,"end":9725.33},{"text":"Representative","start":9725.33,"end":9726.05},{"text":"of","start":9726.05,"end":9726.21},{"text":"India.","start":9726.21,"end":9726.61}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdulatif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":62,"start":9732.61,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=2:42:13","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":9732.61,"end":9733.41,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9732.61,"end":9732.89},{"text":"you,","start":9732.89,"end":9733.01},{"text":"Chair.","start":9733.01,"end":9733.41}]},{"text":"India thanks the Kingdom of Bahrain for convening this Area Formula meeting.","start":9733.93,"end":9737.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"India","start":9733.93,"end":9734.17},{"text":"thanks","start":9734.17,"end":9734.53},{"text":"the","start":9734.53,"end":9734.61},{"text":"Kingdom","start":9734.61,"end":9734.97},{"text":"of","start":9734.97,"end":9735.05},{"text":"Bahrain","start":9735.05,"end":9735.53},{"text":"for","start":9735.53,"end":9735.69},{"text":"convening","start":9735.69,"end":9736.33},{"text":"this","start":9736.33,"end":9736.57},{"text":"Area","start":9736.57,"end":9736.89},{"text":"Formula","start":9736.89,"end":9737.29},{"text":"meeting.","start":9737.29,"end":9737.69}]},{"text":"We also thank the briefers for their remarks on this important 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The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9794.69,"end":9794.77},{"text":"recent","start":9794.77,"end":9795.09},{"text":"experience","start":9795.09,"end":9795.65},{"text":"also","start":9795.65,"end":9795.89},{"text":"demonstrates","start":9795.89,"end":9796.49},{"text":"that","start":9796.49,"end":9796.61},{"text":"maritime","start":9796.61,"end":9797.13},{"text":"insecurity","start":9797.13,"end":9797.73},{"text":"has","start":9797.73,"end":9797.97},{"text":"consequences","start":9797.97,"end":9798.77},{"text":"well","start":9798.77,"end":9799.01},{"text":"beyond","start":9799.01,"end":9799.37},{"text":"the","start":9799.37,"end":9799.45},{"text":"immediate","start":9799.45,"end":9800.09},{"text":"threat.","start":9800.09,"end":9800.45}]},{"text":"Disruptions at one choke point can increase pressure on alternative routes, raise the freight and insurance costs, disrupt energy and food supplies, and adversely affect developing countries.","start":9801.09,"end":9812.13,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. 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Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"Disruptions","start":9801.09,"end":9801.77},{"text":"at","start":9801.77,"end":9801.89},{"text":"one","start":9801.89,"end":9802.13},{"text":"choke","start":9802.13,"end":9802.37},{"text":"point","start":9802.37,"end":9802.77},{"text":"can","start":9802.77,"end":9802.93},{"text":"increase","start":9802.93,"end":9803.33},{"text":"pressure","start":9803.33,"end":9803.69},{"text":"on","start":9803.69,"end":9803.89},{"text":"alternative","start":9803.89,"end":9804.53},{"text":"routes,","start":9804.53,"end":9805.01},{"text":"raise","start":9805.33,"end":9805.65},{"text":"the","start":9805.65,"end":9805.73},{"text":"freight","start":9805.73,"end":9806.17},{"text":"and","start":9806.17,"end":9806.29},{"text":"insurance","start":9806.29,"end":9806.85},{"text":"costs,","start":9806.85,"end":9807.33},{"text":"disrupt","start":9807.57,"end":9808.09},{"text":"energy","start":9808.09,"end":9808.57},{"text":"and","start":9808.57,"end":9808.69},{"text":"food","start":9808.69,"end":9808.89},{"text":"supplies,","start":9808.89,"end":9809.49},{"text":"and","start":9809.73,"end":9809.97},{"text":"adversely","start":9809.97,"end":9810.65},{"text":"affect","start":9810.65,"end":9811.05},{"text":"developing","start":9811.05,"end":9811.49},{"text":"countries.","start":9811.49,"end":9812.13}]},{"text":"The international community must therefore move beyond responding to individual incidents by crafting practical arrangements to facilitate the continued movement of essential commercial and humanitarian supplies during crisis situations.","start":9812.53,"end":9826.53,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."},{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":9812.53,"end":9812.73},{"text":"international","start":9812.77,"end":9813.33},{"text":"community","start":9813.33,"end":9813.81},{"text":"must","start":9813.81,"end":9814.05},{"text":"therefore","start":9814.05,"end":9814.45},{"text":"move","start":9814.45,"end":9814.77},{"text":"beyond","start":9814.77,"end":9815.17},{"text":"responding","start":9815.17,"end":9815.73},{"text":"to","start":9815.73,"end":9815.85},{"text":"individual","start":9815.89,"end":9816.53},{"text":"incidents","start":9816.53,"end":9817.25},{"text":"by","start":9817.73,"end":9817.77},{"text":"crafting","start":9817.77,"end":9818.37},{"text":"practical","start":9818.37,"end":9819.17},{"text":"arrangements","start":9819.17,"end":9820.05},{"text":"to","start":9820.29,"end":9820.45},{"text":"facilitate","start":9820.45,"end":9821.09},{"text":"the","start":9821.09,"end":9821.21},{"text":"continued","start":9821.21,"end":9821.73},{"text":"movement","start":9821.73,"end":9822.21},{"text":"of","start":9822.21,"end":9822.29},{"text":"essential","start":9822.29,"end":9822.77},{"text":"commercial","start":9822.77,"end":9823.21},{"text":"and","start":9823.21,"end":9823.33},{"text":"humanitarian","start":9823.33,"end":9824.13},{"text":"supplies","start":9824.13,"end":9824.69},{"text":"during","start":9825.01,"end":9825.37},{"text":"crisis","start":9825.37,"end":9825.73},{"text":"situations.","start":9825.73,"end":9826.53}]},{"text":"India has been contributing in a sustained manner for maritime security in the Indo-Pacific region.","start":9827.33,"end":9831.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"India","start":9827.33,"end":9827.65},{"text":"has","start":9827.65,"end":9827.89},{"text":"been","start":9827.89,"end":9828.05},{"text":"contributing","start":9828.05,"end":9828.65},{"text":"in","start":9828.65,"end":9828.73},{"text":"a","start":9828.73,"end":9828.77},{"text":"sustained","start":9828.77,"end":9829.21},{"text":"manner","start":9829.21,"end":9829.57},{"text":"for","start":9829.57,"end":9829.73},{"text":"maritime","start":9829.73,"end":9830.21},{"text":"security","start":9830.21,"end":9830.69},{"text":"in","start":9830.69,"end":9830.77},{"text":"the","start":9830.77,"end":9830.89},{"text":"Indo-Pacific","start":9830.89,"end":9831.49},{"text":"region.","start":9831.49,"end":9831.97}]},{"text":"As on 14th September of this year, continued maritime security operations in the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea have ensured safe transit to more than 449 merchant vessels, carrying nearly 20.3 million metric tons of cargo and oil worth more than $8.4 billion.","start":9832.45,"end":9850.21,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."},{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":9832.45,"end":9832.65},{"text":"on","start":9832.65,"end":9832.77},{"text":"14th","start":9832.77,"end":9833.17},{"text":"September","start":9833.17,"end":9833.69},{"text":"of","start":9833.69,"end":9833.81},{"text":"this","start":9833.81,"end":9834.05},{"text":"year,","start":9834.05,"end":9834.29},{"text":"continued","start":9834.77,"end":9835.33},{"text":"maritime","start":9835.33,"end":9835.73},{"text":"security","start":9835.73,"end":9836.29},{"text":"operations","start":9836.29,"end":9836.85},{"text":"in","start":9836.85,"end":9836.93},{"text":"the","start":9836.93,"end":9837.05},{"text":"Gulf","start":9837.05,"end":9837.37},{"text":"of","start":9837.37,"end":9837.49},{"text":"Aden","start":9837.69,"end":9838.05},{"text":"and","start":9838.05,"end":9838.17},{"text":"the","start":9838.17,"end":9838.29},{"text":"Red","start":9838.29,"end":9838.49},{"text":"Sea","start":9838.49,"end":9838.85},{"text":"have","start":9839.09,"end":9839.33},{"text":"ensured","start":9839.33,"end":9839.73},{"text":"safe","start":9839.73,"end":9840.05},{"text":"transit","start":9840.05,"end":9840.49},{"text":"to","start":9840.49,"end":9840.61},{"text":"more","start":9840.61,"end":9840.81},{"text":"than","start":9840.81,"end":9841.01},{"text":"449","start":9841.01,"end":9842.13},{"text":"merchant","start":9842.13,"end":9842.53},{"text":"vessels,","start":9842.53,"end":9843.09},{"text":"carrying","start":9843.61,"end":9843.93},{"text":"nearly","start":9843.93,"end":9844.33},{"text":"20.3","start":9844.33,"end":9845.13},{"text":"million","start":9845.13,"end":9845.53},{"text":"metric","start":9845.53,"end":9845.93},{"text":"tons","start":9845.93,"end":9846.25},{"text":"of","start":9846.25,"end":9846.41},{"text":"cargo","start":9846.41,"end":9846.81},{"text":"and","start":9846.81,"end":9847.13},{"text":"oil","start":9847.13,"end":9847.45},{"text":"worth","start":9847.69,"end":9848.01},{"text":"more","start":9848.01,"end":9848.29},{"text":"than","start":9848.29,"end":9849.05},{"text":"$8.4","start":9849.05,"end":9849.29},{"text":"billion.","start":9849.29,"end":9850.21}]},{"text":"Consequent to deterioration of the security situation in West Asia, the Indian Navy has launched Operation Urja Suraksha and by 13th of March of this year, 11 Indian Navy units were mission deployed in the Western Arabian Sea for protection of trade.","start":9850.81,"end":9865.93,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."},{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Consequent","start":9850.81,"end":9851.41},{"text":"to","start":9851.41,"end":9851.49},{"text":"deterioration","start":9851.49,"end":9852.17},{"text":"of","start":9852.17,"end":9852.25},{"text":"the","start":9852.25,"end":9852.33},{"text":"security","start":9852.33,"end":9852.85},{"text":"situation","start":9852.85,"end":9853.45},{"text":"in","start":9853.45,"end":9853.53},{"text":"West","start":9853.57,"end":9853.89},{"text":"Asia,","start":9853.89,"end":9854.41},{"text":"the","start":9854.81,"end":9854.97},{"text":"Indian","start":9854.97,"end":9855.37},{"text":"Navy","start":9855.37,"end":9855.69},{"text":"has","start":9855.69,"end":9855.85},{"text":"launched","start":9855.85,"end":9856.41},{"text":"Operation","start":9856.41,"end":9857.05},{"text":"Urja","start":9857.13,"end":9857.53},{"text":"Suraksha","start":9857.53,"end":9858.17},{"text":"and","start":9858.49,"end":9858.73},{"text":"by","start":9858.73,"end":9858.89},{"text":"13th","start":9858.89,"end":9859.41},{"text":"of","start":9859.41,"end":9859.53},{"text":"March","start":9859.53,"end":9859.93},{"text":"of","start":9859.93,"end":9860.01},{"text":"this","start":9860.01,"end":9860.25},{"text":"year,","start":9860.25,"end":9860.57},{"text":"11","start":9860.81,"end":9861.21},{"text":"Indian","start":9861.21,"end":9861.57},{"text":"Navy","start":9861.57,"end":9861.85},{"text":"units","start":9861.85,"end":9862.25},{"text":"were","start":9862.25,"end":9862.41},{"text":"mission","start":9862.41,"end":9862.81},{"text":"deployed","start":9862.81,"end":9863.33},{"text":"in","start":9863.33,"end":9863.41},{"text":"the","start":9863.41,"end":9863.53},{"text":"Western","start":9863.53,"end":9863.93},{"text":"Arabian","start":9863.93,"end":9864.49},{"text":"Sea","start":9864.49,"end":9864.65},{"text":"for","start":9864.65,"end":9864.77},{"text":"protection","start":9864.77,"end":9865.33},{"text":"of","start":9865.33,"end":9865.45},{"text":"trade.","start":9865.45,"end":9865.93}]},{"text":"India believes that existing mechanisms should be better coordinated with due respect for sovereignty and jurisdiction of coastal states.","start":9867.21,"end":9873.69,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"India","start":9867.21,"end":9867.49},{"text":"believes","start":9867.49,"end":9867.85},{"text":"that","start":9867.85,"end":9867.97},{"text":"existing","start":9867.97,"end":9868.41},{"text":"mechanisms","start":9868.41,"end":9868.97},{"text":"should","start":9868.97,"end":9869.09},{"text":"be","start":9869.09,"end":9869.21},{"text":"better","start":9869.21,"end":9869.53},{"text":"coordinated","start":9869.53,"end":9870.25},{"text":"with","start":9870.49,"end":9870.69},{"text":"due","start":9870.69,"end":9870.81},{"text":"respect","start":9870.81,"end":9871.29},{"text":"for","start":9871.29,"end":9871.45},{"text":"sovereignty","start":9871.45,"end":9871.97},{"text":"and","start":9871.97,"end":9872.13},{"text":"jurisdiction","start":9872.13,"end":9872.69},{"text":"of","start":9872.69,"end":9872.81},{"text":"coastal","start":9872.81,"end":9873.21},{"text":"states.","start":9873.21,"end":9873.69}]},{"text":"In this regard, we would like to highlight that the Information Fusion Center of the Indian Ocean Region has been a useful platform for developing maritime domain awareness.","start":9874.09,"end":9882.89,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":9874.09,"end":9874.25},{"text":"this","start":9874.25,"end":9874.41},{"text":"regard,","start":9874.41,"end":9874.73},{"text":"we","start":9874.73,"end":9874.89},{"text":"would","start":9874.89,"end":9875.01},{"text":"like","start":9875.01,"end":9875.21},{"text":"to","start":9875.21,"end":9875.33},{"text":"highlight","start":9875.33,"end":9875.77},{"text":"that","start":9875.77,"end":9875.93},{"text":"the","start":9875.93,"end":9876.05},{"text":"Information","start":9876.05,"end":9876.65},{"text":"Fusion","start":9876.65,"end":9877.21},{"text":"Center","start":9877.21,"end":9877.69},{"text":"of","start":9877.97,"end":9878.09},{"text":"the","start":9878.09,"end":9878.21},{"text":"Indian","start":9878.21,"end":9878.49},{"text":"Ocean","start":9878.49,"end":9878.81},{"text":"Region","start":9878.81,"end":9879.21},{"text":"has","start":9879.21,"end":9879.37},{"text":"been","start":9879.37,"end":9879.65},{"text":"a","start":9879.65,"end":9879.69},{"text":"useful","start":9879.69,"end":9880.17},{"text":"platform","start":9880.17,"end":9880.73},{"text":"for","start":9880.73,"end":9880.89},{"text":"developing","start":9880.89,"end":9881.37},{"text":"maritime","start":9881.37,"end":9881.93},{"text":"domain","start":9881.93,"end":9882.25},{"text":"awareness.","start":9882.25,"end":9882.89}]},{"text":"We are happy to know that India's IFCIOR is now included as a reporting center in the IMO Best Management Practices Maritime Security.","start":9883.37,"end":9892.57,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. 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Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"Their","start":9919.57,"end":9919.65},{"text":"safety","start":9919.65,"end":9920.09},{"text":"and","start":9920.09,"end":9920.21},{"text":"security","start":9920.21,"end":9920.69},{"text":"require","start":9920.69,"end":9921.09},{"text":"much","start":9921.09,"end":9921.33},{"text":"greater","start":9921.33,"end":9921.69},{"text":"attention","start":9921.69,"end":9922.13},{"text":"in","start":9922.13,"end":9922.21},{"text":"the","start":9922.21,"end":9922.29},{"text":"present","start":9922.29,"end":9922.61},{"text":"circumstances.","start":9922.61,"end":9923.41}]},{"text":"Countries with considerable interest in terms of safety and security of shipping and seafarers must come together.","start":9923.81,"end":9929.49,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."},{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"Countries","start":9923.81,"end":9924.25},{"text":"with","start":9924.25,"end":9924.41},{"text":"considerable","start":9924.41,"end":9924.89},{"text":"interest","start":9924.89,"end":9925.25},{"text":"in","start":9925.25,"end":9925.33},{"text":"terms","start":9925.33,"end":9925.61},{"text":"of","start":9925.61,"end":9925.69},{"text":"safety","start":9925.69,"end":9926.05},{"text":"and","start":9926.05,"end":9926.21},{"text":"security","start":9926.21,"end":9926.65},{"text":"of","start":9926.65,"end":9926.77},{"text":"shipping","start":9926.77,"end":9927.13},{"text":"and","start":9927.13,"end":9927.29},{"text":"seafarers","start":9927.29,"end":9928.05},{"text":"must","start":9928.37,"end":9928.77},{"text":"come","start":9928.77,"end":9928.97},{"text":"together.","start":9928.97,"end":9929.49}]},{"text":"Chair, India also recognizes the growing importance of addressing emerging threats, including attacks involving unmanned systems, cyber risks, and interference with navigation and communications.","start":9930.05,"end":9940.05,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. Speakers warned that maritime rules and response tools must adapt to these evolving and hybrid forms of insecurity."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":9930.05,"end":9930.45},{"text":"India","start":9930.93,"end":9931.21},{"text":"also","start":9931.21,"end":9931.53},{"text":"recognizes","start":9931.53,"end":9932.13},{"text":"the","start":9932.13,"end":9932.25},{"text":"growing","start":9932.25,"end":9932.53},{"text":"importance","start":9932.53,"end":9933.05},{"text":"of","start":9933.05,"end":9933.17},{"text":"addressing","start":9933.17,"end":9933.57},{"text":"emerging","start":9933.57,"end":9933.97},{"text":"threats,","start":9933.97,"end":9934.29},{"text":"including","start":9934.29,"end":9934.69},{"text":"attacks","start":9934.69,"end":9935.09},{"text":"involving","start":9935.09,"end":9935.57},{"text":"unmanned","start":9935.57,"end":9935.97},{"text":"systems,","start":9935.97,"end":9936.53},{"text":"cyber","start":9936.77,"end":9937.29},{"text":"risks,","start":9937.29,"end":9937.65},{"text":"and","start":9937.65,"end":9937.81},{"text":"interference","start":9937.81,"end":9938.33},{"text":"with","start":9938.33,"end":9938.49},{"text":"navigation","start":9938.49,"end":9939.13},{"text":"and","start":9939.13,"end":9939.25},{"text":"communications.","start":9939.25,"end":9940.05}]},{"text":"International cooperation, capacity building, and responsible use of technology will be critical in addressing these challenges.","start":9940.37,"end":9946.85,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"International","start":9940.37,"end":9941.01},{"text":"cooperation,","start":9941.01,"end":9941.73},{"text":"capacity","start":9941.89,"end":9942.45},{"text":"building,","start":9942.45,"end":9942.73},{"text":"and","start":9942.73,"end":9942.85},{"text":"responsible","start":9942.85,"end":9943.45},{"text":"use","start":9943.45,"end":9943.69},{"text":"of","start":9943.69,"end":9943.81},{"text":"technology","start":9943.81,"end":9944.45},{"text":"will","start":9944.69,"end":9944.93},{"text":"be","start":9944.93,"end":9945.05},{"text":"critical","start":9945.05,"end":9945.49},{"text":"in","start":9945.49,"end":9945.61},{"text":"addressing","start":9945.61,"end":9945.97},{"text":"these","start":9945.97,"end":9946.21},{"text":"challenges.","start":9946.21,"end":9946.85}]},{"text":"Chair, the objective should not merely be to restore navigation after a crisis, but to build a maritime system capable of withstanding shocks before they cascade into wider economic and humanitarian crisis.","start":9947.33,"end":9959.81,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. 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The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":9947.33,"end":9947.73},{"text":"the","start":9947.97,"end":9948.17},{"text":"objective","start":9948.21,"end":9948.85},{"text":"should","start":9948.85,"end":9949.05},{"text":"not","start":9949.05,"end":9949.25},{"text":"merely","start":9949.25,"end":9949.65},{"text":"be","start":9949.65,"end":9949.81},{"text":"to","start":9949.81,"end":9949.89},{"text":"restore","start":9949.89,"end":9950.37},{"text":"navigation","start":9950.37,"end":9951.05},{"text":"after","start":9951.05,"end":9951.29},{"text":"a","start":9951.29,"end":9951.33},{"text":"crisis,","start":9951.33,"end":9951.97},{"text":"but","start":9952.29,"end":9952.53},{"text":"to","start":9952.53,"end":9952.61},{"text":"build","start":9952.61,"end":9952.93},{"text":"a","start":9952.93,"end":9953.01},{"text":"maritime","start":9953.01,"end":9953.57},{"text":"system","start":9953.57,"end":9954.13},{"text":"capable","start":9954.29,"end":9954.81},{"text":"of","start":9954.81,"end":9954.89},{"text":"withstanding","start":9954.89,"end":9955.49},{"text":"shocks","start":9955.49,"end":9956.05},{"text":"before","start":9956.29,"end":9956.65},{"text":"they","start":9956.65,"end":9956.77},{"text":"cascade","start":9956.77,"end":9957.29},{"text":"into","start":9957.29,"end":9957.57},{"text":"wider","start":9957.57,"end":9957.89},{"text":"economic","start":9957.93,"end":9958.41},{"text":"and","start":9958.41,"end":9958.53},{"text":"humanitarian","start":9958.53,"end":9959.25},{"text":"crisis.","start":9959.25,"end":9959.81}]},{"text":"India stands ready to work constructively with member states to strengthen maritime security, protect seafarers, uphold navigational freedoms, and ensure resilient and uninterrupted international commerce.","start":9960.29,"end":9971.09,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."},{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict 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you, Chair.","start":9971.41,"end":9972.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9971.41,"end":9971.65},{"text":"you,","start":9971.65,"end":9971.73},{"text":"Chair.","start":9971.73,"end":9972.05}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"IND","affiliation_full":"India","group":null,"function":"Permanent Representative"}},{"statement_number":63,"start":9974.89,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=2:46:15","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the permanent representative of India.","start":9974.89,"end":9977.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9974.89,"end":9975.05},{"text":"thank","start":9975.05,"end":9975.37},{"text":"the","start":9975.37,"end":9975.53},{"text":"permanent","start":9975.53,"end":9975.93},{"text":"representative","start":9975.93,"end":9976.65},{"text":"of","start":9976.65,"end":9976.89},{"text":"India.","start":9976.89,"end":9977.17}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to the permanent representative of Bulgaria.","start":9977.17,"end":9980.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9977.17,"end":9977.21},{"text":"now","start":9977.21,"end":9977.37},{"text":"give","start":9977.37,"end":9977.53},{"text":"the","start":9977.53,"end":9977.65},{"text":"floor","start":9977.65,"end":9978.01},{"text":"to","start":9978.01,"end":9978.09},{"text":"the","start":9978.09,"end":9978.17},{"text":"permanent","start":9978.17,"end":9979.09},{"text":"representative","start":9979.29,"end":9980.17},{"text":"of","start":9980.17,"end":9980.33},{"text":"Bulgaria.","start":9980.33,"end":9980.97}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdulatif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":64,"start":9985.29,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=2:46:26","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you, Chair.","start":9985.29,"end":9985.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":9985.29,"end":9985.53},{"text":"you,","start":9985.53,"end":9985.61},{"text":"Chair.","start":9985.61,"end":9985.97}]},{"text":"I would like to begin by thanking the Kingdom of Bahrain for organizing today's meeting at this critical juncture for the global maritime security.","start":9986.49,"end":9995.45,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":9986.49,"end":9986.57},{"text":"would","start":9986.61,"end":9986.73},{"text":"like","start":9986.73,"end":9986.97},{"text":"to","start":9986.97,"end":9987.13},{"text":"begin","start":9987.21,"end":9987.53},{"text":"by","start":9987.53,"end":9987.69},{"text":"thanking","start":9987.77,"end":9988.17},{"text":"the","start":9988.17,"end":9988.29},{"text":"Kingdom","start":9988.41,"end":9988.85},{"text":"of","start":9988.85,"end":9988.93},{"text":"Bahrain","start":9988.93,"end":9989.37},{"text":"for","start":9989.37,"end":9989.61},{"text":"organizing","start":9989.61,"end":9990.17},{"text":"today's","start":9990.17,"end":9990.65},{"text":"meeting","start":9990.65,"end":9991.05},{"text":"at","start":9991.17,"end":9991.53},{"text":"this","start":9991.73,"end":9991.93},{"text":"critical","start":9991.93,"end":9992.41},{"text":"juncture","start":9992.41,"end":9992.97},{"text":"for","start":9992.97,"end":9993.17},{"text":"the","start":9993.17,"end":9993.25},{"text":"global","start":9993.25,"end":9994.17},{"text":"maritime","start":9994.17,"end":9994.73},{"text":"security.","start":9994.73,"end":9995.45}]},{"text":"Bulgaria aligns itself with the statement to be delivered by the EU.","start":9996.01,"end":10000.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Bulgaria","start":9996.01,"end":9996.73},{"text":"aligns","start":9996.89,"end":9997.61},{"text":"itself","start":9997.61,"end":9998.05},{"text":"with","start":9998.09,"end":9998.29},{"text":"the","start":9998.29,"end":9998.37},{"text":"statement","start":9998.37,"end":9999.01},{"text":"to","start":9999.01,"end":9999.09},{"text":"be","start":9999.09,"end":9999.21},{"text":"delivered","start":9999.21,"end":9999.69},{"text":"by","start":9999.69,"end":9999.85},{"text":"the","start":9999.93,"end":10000.01},{"text":"EU.","start":10000.01,"end":10000.49}]},{"text":"As a Black Sea littoral state, Bulgaria has a direct national interest in freedom of navigation and maritime security.","start":10001.09,"end":10007.81,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through 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Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"As","start":10001.09,"end":10001.21},{"text":"a","start":10001.21,"end":10001.25},{"text":"Black","start":10001.25,"end":10001.45},{"text":"Sea","start":10001.45,"end":10001.81},{"text":"littoral","start":10001.81,"end":10002.29},{"text":"state,","start":10002.29,"end":10002.65},{"text":"Bulgaria","start":10002.65,"end":10003.25},{"text":"has","start":10003.25,"end":10003.49},{"text":"a","start":10003.49,"end":10003.57},{"text":"direct","start":10003.57,"end":10004.05},{"text":"national","start":10004.05,"end":10004.45},{"text":"interest","start":10004.45,"end":10005.01},{"text":"in","start":10005.01,"end":10005.17},{"text":"freedom","start":10005.17,"end":10005.53},{"text":"of","start":10005.53,"end":10005.65},{"text":"navigation","start":10005.65,"end":10006.37},{"text":"and","start":10006.37,"end":10006.49},{"text":"maritime","start":10006.49,"end":10007.01},{"text":"security.","start":10007.01,"end":10007.81}]},{"text":"Resilient maritime routes are essential not only for security, but also for regional and global economic connectivity.","start":10008.37,"end":10015.89,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. 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The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"Disruptions","start":10016.45,"end":10017.33},{"text":"in","start":10017.49,"end":10017.73},{"text":"the","start":10017.73,"end":10017.81},{"text":"Strait","start":10017.81,"end":10018.25},{"text":"of","start":10018.25,"end":10018.37},{"text":"Hormuz,","start":10018.37,"end":10019.17},{"text":"the","start":10019.17,"end":10019.33},{"text":"Gulf","start":10019.33,"end":10019.81},{"text":"of","start":10019.81,"end":10019.93},{"text":"Oman,","start":10019.93,"end":10020.29},{"text":"the","start":10020.29,"end":10020.41},{"text":"Bab","start":10020.41,"end":10020.77},{"text":"al-Mandab","start":10020.77,"end":10021.49},{"text":"Strait,","start":10021.65,"end":10022.21},{"text":"and","start":10022.21,"end":10022.33},{"text":"the","start":10022.33,"end":10022.41},{"text":"Red","start":10022.41,"end":10022.65},{"text":"Sea,","start":10022.65,"end":10023.17},{"text":"as","start":10024.93,"end":10025.09},{"text":"well","start":10025.09,"end":10025.37},{"text":"as","start":10025.37,"end":10025.53},{"text":"in","start":10025.53,"end":10025.65},{"text":"the","start":10025.65,"end":10025.77},{"text":"Black","start":10025.77,"end":10026.05},{"text":"Sea,","start":10026.05,"end":10026.37},{"text":"demonstrate","start":10026.37,"end":10027.09},{"text":"that","start":10027.09,"end":10027.25},{"text":"maritime","start":10027.25,"end":10027.89},{"text":"insecurity","start":10027.89,"end":10028.61},{"text":"can","start":10028.61,"end":10029.01},{"text":"have","start":10029.01,"end":10029.29},{"text":"global","start":10029.29,"end":10029.65},{"text":"consequences","start":10029.65,"end":10030.69},{"text":"affecting","start":10031.05,"end":10031.61},{"text":"energy","start":10031.61,"end":10032.05},{"text":"security,","start":10032.05,"end":10032.65},{"text":"trade","start":10032.65,"end":10033.05},{"text":"and","start":10033.05,"end":10033.17},{"text":"supply","start":10033.17,"end":10033.61},{"text":"chains","start":10033.61,"end":10034.33},{"text":"beyond","start":10034.65,"end":10035.33},{"text":"the","start":10035.33,"end":10035.41},{"text":"immediate","start":10035.41,"end":10036.01},{"text":"regions.","start":10036.01,"end":10036.73}]},{"text":"Against this background, Bulgaria supports coordinated international efforts to safeguard commercial shipping, freedom of navigation and navigational rights, including transit passage through straits used for international navigation, as well as relevant EU maritime security engagements in full accordance with international law and UNCLOS.","start":10037.37,"end":10060.01,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"Against","start":10037.37,"end":10037.81},{"text":"this","start":10037.81,"end":10038.33},{"text":"background,","start":10038.41,"end":10038.97},{"text":"Bulgaria","start":10038.97,"end":10039.45},{"text":"supports","start":10039.45,"end":10040.01},{"text":"coordinated","start":10040.01,"end":10040.73},{"text":"international","start":10040.73,"end":10041.49},{"text":"efforts","start":10041.49,"end":10042.01},{"text":"to","start":10042.01,"end":10042.13},{"text":"safeguard","start":10042.13,"end":10042.73},{"text":"commercial","start":10042.73,"end":10043.33},{"text":"shipping,","start":10043.33,"end":10043.85},{"text":"freedom","start":10044.25,"end":10044.69},{"text":"of","start":10044.69,"end":10044.81},{"text":"navigation","start":10044.81,"end":10045.53},{"text":"and","start":10045.53,"end":10045.65},{"text":"navigational","start":10045.65,"end":10046.49},{"text":"rights,","start":10046.49,"end":10047.05},{"text":"including","start":10047.29,"end":10047.85},{"text":"transit","start":10047.85,"end":10048.33},{"text":"passage","start":10048.33,"end":10048.89},{"text":"through","start":10048.89,"end":10049.13},{"text":"straits","start":10049.13,"end":10049.77},{"text":"used","start":10049.77,"end":10050.13},{"text":"for","start":10050.13,"end":10050.41},{"text":"international","start":10050.41,"end":10051.21},{"text":"navigation,","start":10051.21,"end":10052.17},{"text":"as","start":10052.53,"end":10052.73},{"text":"well","start":10052.73,"end":10052.93},{"text":"as","start":10052.93,"end":10053.13},{"text":"relevant","start":10053.13,"end":10053.61},{"text":"EU","start":10053.61,"end":10053.85},{"text":"maritime","start":10053.85,"end":10054.33},{"text":"security","start":10054.33,"end":10054.93},{"text":"engagements","start":10054.93,"end":10055.69},{"text":"in","start":10055.69,"end":10055.85},{"text":"full","start":10055.85,"end":10056.09},{"text":"accordance","start":10056.09,"end":10056.89},{"text":"with","start":10057.21,"end":10057.41},{"text":"international","start":10057.45,"end":10058.61},{"text":"law","start":10058.61,"end":10058.69},{"text":"and","start":10058.69,"end":10058.81},{"text":"UNCLOS.","start":10058.81,"end":10060.01}]},{"text":"Any attempt to impose unlawful restrictions on international maritime routes should be rejected.","start":10060.85,"end":10066.29,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":10060.85,"end":10060.97},{"text":"attempt","start":10060.97,"end":10061.33},{"text":"to","start":10061.33,"end":10061.41},{"text":"impose","start":10061.41,"end":10061.85},{"text":"unlawful","start":10061.85,"end":10062.37},{"text":"restrictions","start":10062.37,"end":10063.25},{"text":"on","start":10063.25,"end":10063.41},{"text":"international","start":10063.41,"end":10064.21},{"text":"maritime","start":10064.21,"end":10064.77},{"text":"routes","start":10064.77,"end":10065.33},{"text":"should","start":10065.33,"end":10065.53},{"text":"be","start":10065.53,"end":10065.65},{"text":"rejected.","start":10065.65,"end":10066.29}]},{"text":"President, Bulgaria firmly supports freedom of navigation and navigational rights, including transit passage through straits used for international navigation in accordance with international law and UNCLOS.","start":10067.65,"end":10080.37,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"President,","start":10067.65,"end":10068.21},{"text":"Bulgaria","start":10068.21,"end":10068.69},{"text":"firmly","start":10068.69,"end":10069.17},{"text":"supports","start":10069.17,"end":10069.65},{"text":"freedom","start":10069.65,"end":10070.01},{"text":"of","start":10070.01,"end":10070.13},{"text":"navigation","start":10070.13,"end":10070.85},{"text":"and","start":10070.85,"end":10070.97},{"text":"navigational","start":10070.97,"end":10071.73},{"text":"rights,","start":10071.73,"end":10072.13},{"text":"including","start":10072.13,"end":10072.69},{"text":"transit","start":10072.69,"end":10073.17},{"text":"passage","start":10073.17,"end":10073.77},{"text":"through","start":10073.77,"end":10073.97},{"text":"straits","start":10073.97,"end":10074.61},{"text":"used","start":10074.61,"end":10075.09},{"text":"for","start":10075.57,"end":10075.81},{"text":"international","start":10075.81,"end":10076.53},{"text":"navigation","start":10076.53,"end":10077.25},{"text":"in","start":10077.25,"end":10077.33},{"text":"accordance","start":10077.33,"end":10078.05},{"text":"with","start":10078.05,"end":10078.33},{"text":"international","start":10078.33,"end":10079.13},{"text":"law","start":10079.13,"end":10079.21},{"text":"and","start":10079.21,"end":10079.33},{"text":"UNCLOS.","start":10079.33,"end":10080.37}]},{"text":"Any attacks against-- sorry.","start":10080.77,"end":10084.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":10080.77,"end":10081.09},{"text":"attacks","start":10082.45,"end":10083.09},{"text":"against--","start":10083.09,"end":10083.81},{"text":"sorry.","start":10084.21,"end":10084.69}]},{"text":"Maritime security measures should contribute to de-escalation and regional stability while fully respecting international law.","start":10085.57,"end":10094.25,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"Maritime","start":10085.57,"end":10086.01},{"text":"security","start":10086.01,"end":10086.53},{"text":"measures","start":10086.53,"end":10086.97},{"text":"should","start":10086.97,"end":10087.41},{"text":"contribute","start":10087.41,"end":10088.53},{"text":"to","start":10088.53,"end":10088.81},{"text":"de-escalation","start":10088.81,"end":10089.73},{"text":"and","start":10089.73,"end":10089.89},{"text":"regional","start":10089.89,"end":10090.33},{"text":"stability","start":10090.33,"end":10091.13},{"text":"while","start":10091.53,"end":10091.93},{"text":"fully","start":10091.93,"end":10092.41},{"text":"respecting","start":10092.41,"end":10093.13},{"text":"international","start":10093.13,"end":10094.17},{"text":"law.","start":10094.17,"end":10094.25}]},{"text":"Bulgaria remains fully committed to diplomatic efforts aimed at preventing further regional confrontation and resolving disputes through dialogue and peaceful means.","start":10094.73,"end":10104.25,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional 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thank you, Chairman.","start":10104.25,"end":10105.29,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10104.25,"end":10104.33},{"text":"thank","start":10104.41,"end":10104.65},{"text":"you,","start":10104.65,"end":10104.73},{"text":"Chairman.","start":10104.73,"end":10105.29}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"BGR","affiliation_full":"Bulgaria","group":null,"function":"Permanent Representative"}},{"statement_number":65,"start":10108.97,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=2:48:29","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the permanent representative of Bulgaria.","start":10108.97,"end":10113.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10108.97,"end":10109.05},{"text":"thank","start":10109.13,"end":10109.45},{"text":"the","start":10109.45,"end":10109.65},{"text":"permanent","start":10110.49,"end":10111.13},{"text":"representative","start":10111.45,"end":10112.41},{"text":"of","start":10112.57,"end":10112.69},{"text":"Bulgaria.","start":10112.69,"end":10113.37}]},{"text":"And I would like to remind the Member States to kindly observe that their statements do not exceed three minutes.","start":10114.73,"end":10124.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10114.73,"end":10114.89},{"text":"I","start":10114.89,"end":10114.97},{"text":"would","start":10114.97,"end":10115.17},{"text":"like","start":10115.17,"end":10115.37},{"text":"to","start":10115.37,"end":10115.85},{"text":"remind","start":10115.85,"end":10116.65},{"text":"the","start":10117.45,"end":10117.69},{"text":"Member","start":10117.77,"end":10118.05},{"text":"States","start":10118.05,"end":10118.57},{"text":"to","start":10118.57,"end":10119.21},{"text":"kindly","start":10119.21,"end":10119.93},{"text":"observe","start":10120.01,"end":10120.73},{"text":"that","start":10121.53,"end":10122.01},{"text":"their","start":10122.17,"end":10122.65},{"text":"statements","start":10122.65,"end":10123.29},{"text":"do","start":10123.29,"end":10123.37},{"text":"not","start":10123.37,"end":10123.53},{"text":"exceed","start":10123.53,"end":10124.01},{"text":"three","start":10124.09,"end":10124.41},{"text":"minutes.","start":10124.41,"end":10124.97}]},{"text":"And I would like to inform you that the Secretariat and the interpreters have agreed to stay with us here until 6:15, and we thank them for 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there not be enough time to exhaust the speakers list, we ask the delegations that were unable to speak to send us the text of their statements so that they could be included in the chair's 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now give the floor to the permanent representative of Argentina, followed by Albania, then Spain, then Italy.","start":10159.09,"end":10168.05,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10159.09,"end":10159.25},{"text":"now","start":10159.25,"end":10159.41},{"text":"give","start":10159.41,"end":10159.65},{"text":"the","start":10159.65,"end":10159.73},{"text":"floor","start":10159.73,"end":10160.13},{"text":"to","start":10160.13,"end":10160.61},{"text":"the","start":10160.69,"end":10161.01},{"text":"permanent","start":10161.29,"end":10161.65},{"text":"representative","start":10161.65,"end":10162.21},{"text":"of","start":10162.21,"end":10162.29},{"text":"Argentina,","start":10162.29,"end":10162.93},{"text":"followed","start":10163.49,"end":10163.89},{"text":"by","start":10163.89,"end":10164.37},{"text":"Albania,","start":10164.61,"end":10165.25},{"text":"then","start":10165.89,"end":10166.13},{"text":"Spain,","start":10166.13,"end":10166.77},{"text":"then","start":10167.17,"end":10167.41},{"text":"Italy.","start":10167.41,"end":10168.05}]},{"text":"Argentina.","start":10168.69,"end":10169.25,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Argentina.","start":10168.69,"end":10169.25}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdulatif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":66,"start":10189.89,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=2:49:50","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Mr. Ambassador, Mr. Foreign Affairs, I'd like to thank Bahrain for this initiative, giving us the chance to reflect again on something that affects us all, namely the security of maritime corridors.","start":10189.89,"end":10209.13,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":10189.89,"end":10190.41},{"text":"Ambassador,","start":10195.81,"end":10196.49},{"text":"Mr.","start":10196.81,"end":10197.17},{"text":"Foreign","start":10197.17,"end":10197.45},{"text":"Affairs,","start":10197.45,"end":10197.65},{"text":"I'd","start":10197.65,"end":10197.85},{"text":"like","start":10197.85,"end":10198.05},{"text":"to","start":10198.05,"end":10198.33},{"text":"thank","start":10198.33,"end":10198.97},{"text":"Bahrain","start":10199.37,"end":10199.85},{"text":"for","start":10199.85,"end":10200.09},{"text":"this","start":10200.09,"end":10200.33},{"text":"initiative,","start":10200.33,"end":10201.05},{"text":"giving","start":10202.41,"end":10202.73},{"text":"us","start":10202.73,"end":10202.97},{"text":"the","start":10202.97,"end":10203.13},{"text":"chance","start":10203.29,"end":10203.65},{"text":"to","start":10203.65,"end":10204.09},{"text":"reflect","start":10204.25,"end":10204.65},{"text":"again","start":10204.65,"end":10204.89},{"text":"on","start":10204.89,"end":10205.05},{"text":"something","start":10205.05,"end":10205.37},{"text":"that","start":10205.37,"end":10205.49},{"text":"affects","start":10205.49,"end":10205.93},{"text":"us","start":10205.93,"end":10206.01},{"text":"all,","start":10206.01,"end":10206.33},{"text":"namely","start":10206.49,"end":10207.01},{"text":"the","start":10207.01,"end":10207.09},{"text":"security","start":10207.09,"end":10207.65},{"text":"of","start":10207.65,"end":10207.73},{"text":"maritime","start":10207.73,"end":10208.33},{"text":"corridors.","start":10208.33,"end":10209.13}]},{"text":"the ocean brings together much more than it separates.","start":10210.17,"end":10213.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"the","start":10210.17,"end":10210.21},{"text":"ocean","start":10210.93,"end":10211.29},{"text":"brings","start":10211.29,"end":10211.49},{"text":"together","start":10211.49,"end":10211.89},{"text":"much","start":10211.89,"end":10212.21},{"text":"more","start":10212.21,"end":10212.53},{"text":"than","start":10212.53,"end":10212.85},{"text":"it","start":10212.85,"end":10213.09},{"text":"separates.","start":10213.09,"end":10213.81}]},{"text":"It provides us with food, with energy, but also it's an essential part of world prosperity.","start":10214.13,"end":10221.17,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":10214.13,"end":10214.29},{"text":"provides","start":10214.33,"end":10214.81},{"text":"us","start":10214.81,"end":10214.93},{"text":"with","start":10214.93,"end":10215.09},{"text":"food,","start":10215.09,"end":10215.49},{"text":"with","start":10215.49,"end":10215.65},{"text":"energy,","start":10215.65,"end":10216.37},{"text":"but","start":10216.61,"end":10216.85},{"text":"also","start":10216.85,"end":10217.05},{"text":"it's","start":10217.05,"end":10217.29},{"text":"an","start":10217.29,"end":10217.41},{"text":"essential","start":10217.41,"end":10217.93},{"text":"part","start":10217.93,"end":10218.53},{"text":"of","start":10218.77,"end":10219.09},{"text":"world","start":10219.65,"end":10220.13},{"text":"prosperity.","start":10220.21,"end":10221.17}]},{"text":"And that's why when a strategic maritime corridor is threatened, it not only breaks a route, it halts food and supplies.","start":10221.69,"end":10231.97,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."},{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10221.69,"end":10221.81},{"text":"that's","start":10221.81,"end":10222.09},{"text":"why","start":10222.09,"end":10222.53},{"text":"when","start":10222.57,"end":10223.17},{"text":"a","start":10223.65,"end":10223.69},{"text":"strategic","start":10223.69,"end":10224.45},{"text":"maritime","start":10224.45,"end":10224.93},{"text":"corridor","start":10224.93,"end":10225.41},{"text":"is","start":10225.41,"end":10225.65},{"text":"threatened,","start":10225.89,"end":10226.53},{"text":"it","start":10226.53,"end":10226.77},{"text":"not","start":10226.77,"end":10227.01},{"text":"only","start":10227.01,"end":10227.41},{"text":"breaks","start":10227.41,"end":10227.81},{"text":"a","start":10227.81,"end":10227.89},{"text":"route,","start":10227.89,"end":10228.29},{"text":"it","start":10228.61,"end":10229.01},{"text":"halts","start":10229.73,"end":10230.29},{"text":"food","start":10230.29,"end":10230.81},{"text":"and","start":10230.81,"end":10230.97},{"text":"supplies.","start":10230.97,"end":10231.97}]},{"text":"and it leads to uncertainty much further than the area where it's taking place.","start":10232.45,"end":10239.13,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"and","start":10232.45,"end":10232.57},{"text":"it","start":10232.57,"end":10232.73},{"text":"leads","start":10232.73,"end":10233.05},{"text":"to","start":10233.05,"end":10233.37},{"text":"uncertainty","start":10233.61,"end":10234.57},{"text":"much","start":10235.13,"end":10235.77},{"text":"further","start":10235.77,"end":10236.29},{"text":"than","start":10236.29,"end":10236.97},{"text":"the","start":10236.97,"end":10237.13},{"text":"area","start":10237.21,"end":10237.65},{"text":"where","start":10237.65,"end":10237.89},{"text":"it's","start":10237.89,"end":10238.13},{"text":"taking","start":10238.13,"end":10238.57},{"text":"place.","start":10238.57,"end":10239.13}]},{"text":"And therefore, our response must be clear, cooperation between states, predictability of action, and full respect for international law.","start":10239.49,"end":10247.49,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10239.49,"end":10239.65},{"text":"therefore,","start":10239.65,"end":10240.01},{"text":"our","start":10240.01,"end":10240.09},{"text":"response","start":10240.09,"end":10240.65},{"text":"must","start":10240.65,"end":10240.85},{"text":"be","start":10240.85,"end":10240.97},{"text":"clear,","start":10240.97,"end":10241.37},{"text":"cooperation","start":10241.37,"end":10242.17},{"text":"between","start":10242.41,"end":10243.05},{"text":"states,","start":10243.21,"end":10243.77},{"text":"predictability","start":10243.77,"end":10244.61},{"text":"of","start":10244.61,"end":10244.73},{"text":"action,","start":10244.73,"end":10245.21},{"text":"and","start":10245.45,"end":10245.65},{"text":"full","start":10245.65,"end":10245.85},{"text":"respect","start":10245.85,"end":10246.33},{"text":"for","start":10246.33,"end":10246.45},{"text":"international","start":10246.45,"end":10247.41},{"text":"law.","start":10247.41,"end":10247.49}]},{"text":"The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea is the fundamental legal framework within which all activities on the oceans and seas must be carried out.","start":10248.73,"end":10260.25,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10248.73,"end":10248.85},{"text":"United","start":10248.85,"end":10249.29},{"text":"Nations","start":10249.29,"end":10249.69},{"text":"Convention","start":10249.69,"end":10250.25},{"text":"on","start":10250.25,"end":10250.37},{"text":"the","start":10250.37,"end":10250.49},{"text":"Law","start":10250.49,"end":10250.85},{"text":"of","start":10250.85,"end":10250.97},{"text":"the","start":10250.97,"end":10251.09},{"text":"Sea","start":10251.09,"end":10251.61},{"text":"is","start":10251.85,"end":10252.09},{"text":"the","start":10252.09,"end":10252.25},{"text":"fundamental","start":10252.49,"end":10253.21},{"text":"legal","start":10253.21,"end":10253.69},{"text":"framework","start":10253.69,"end":10254.41},{"text":"within","start":10254.65,"end":10255.29},{"text":"which","start":10255.29,"end":10255.93},{"text":"all","start":10256.33,"end":10256.73},{"text":"activities","start":10256.81,"end":10257.69},{"text":"on","start":10258.25,"end":10258.41},{"text":"the","start":10258.41,"end":10258.53},{"text":"oceans","start":10258.53,"end":10258.89},{"text":"and","start":10258.89,"end":10259.01},{"text":"seas","start":10259.01,"end":10259.33},{"text":"must","start":10259.33,"end":10259.49},{"text":"be","start":10259.49,"end":10259.61},{"text":"carried","start":10259.61,"end":10259.93},{"text":"out.","start":10259.93,"end":10260.25}]},{"text":"Within that framework, we should remember that blocking maritime traffic through an international strait by a coastal state constitutes a violation of international law.","start":10260.85,"end":10271.57,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Within","start":10260.85,"end":10261.09},{"text":"that","start":10261.09,"end":10261.25},{"text":"framework,","start":10261.25,"end":10261.73},{"text":"we","start":10261.73,"end":10261.89},{"text":"should","start":10261.89,"end":10262.05},{"text":"remember","start":10262.05,"end":10262.53},{"text":"that","start":10262.53,"end":10262.77},{"text":"blocking","start":10262.77,"end":10263.25},{"text":"maritime","start":10263.25,"end":10263.81},{"text":"traffic","start":10263.81,"end":10264.37},{"text":"through","start":10265.09,"end":10265.41},{"text":"an","start":10265.49,"end":10265.65},{"text":"international","start":10265.65,"end":10266.21},{"text":"strait","start":10266.21,"end":10266.77},{"text":"by","start":10266.77,"end":10267.49},{"text":"a","start":10267.49,"end":10267.53},{"text":"coastal","start":10267.53,"end":10268.13},{"text":"state","start":10268.13,"end":10268.53},{"text":"constitutes","start":10268.77,"end":10269.61},{"text":"a","start":10269.61,"end":10269.65},{"text":"violation","start":10269.73,"end":10270.45},{"text":"of","start":10270.45,"end":10270.53},{"text":"international","start":10270.53,"end":10271.49},{"text":"law.","start":10271.49,"end":10271.57}]},{"text":"In accordance with UNCLOS, the right of transit and passage must be guaranteed and never hindered.","start":10271.97,"end":10279.09,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10271.97,"end":10272.13},{"text":"accordance","start":10272.13,"end":10272.69},{"text":"with","start":10272.69,"end":10272.89},{"text":"UNCLOS,","start":10272.89,"end":10273.93},{"text":"the","start":10273.97,"end":10274.17},{"text":"right","start":10275.01,"end":10275.37},{"text":"of","start":10275.37,"end":10275.49},{"text":"transit","start":10275.49,"end":10276.09},{"text":"and","start":10276.09,"end":10276.21},{"text":"passage","start":10276.21,"end":10276.77},{"text":"must","start":10276.93,"end":10277.33},{"text":"be","start":10277.33,"end":10277.41},{"text":"guaranteed","start":10277.41,"end":10278.01},{"text":"and","start":10278.01,"end":10278.17},{"text":"never","start":10278.17,"end":10278.49},{"text":"hindered.","start":10278.49,"end":10279.09}]},{"text":"This conviction led us to co-sponsor the Security Council resolution condemning Iran for its actions threatening international trade and passage through the Strait of Hormuz.","start":10279.65,"end":10297.05,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":10279.65,"end":10280.05},{"text":"conviction","start":10280.05,"end":10281.01},{"text":"led","start":10282.01,"end":10282.41},{"text":"us","start":10282.41,"end":10282.81},{"text":"to","start":10282.81,"end":10283.21},{"text":"co-sponsor","start":10284.57,"end":10285.37},{"text":"the","start":10285.37,"end":10285.53},{"text":"Security","start":10285.53,"end":10286.25},{"text":"Council","start":10286.25,"end":10286.97},{"text":"resolution","start":10287.05,"end":10287.65},{"text":"condemning","start":10287.65,"end":10288.21},{"text":"Iran","start":10288.21,"end":10288.73},{"text":"for","start":10288.73,"end":10289.05},{"text":"its","start":10289.05,"end":10289.37},{"text":"actions","start":10289.53,"end":10290.25},{"text":"threatening","start":10292.25,"end":10292.89},{"text":"international","start":10293.13,"end":10294.09},{"text":"trade","start":10294.17,"end":10294.65},{"text":"and","start":10294.65,"end":10294.85},{"text":"passage","start":10294.85,"end":10295.37},{"text":"through","start":10295.37,"end":10295.61},{"text":"the","start":10295.61,"end":10295.77},{"text":"Strait","start":10295.77,"end":10296.13},{"text":"of","start":10296.13,"end":10296.25},{"text":"Hormuz.","start":10296.25,"end":10297.05}]},{"text":"Maritime security also has a very human dimension to it.","start":10297.65,"end":10303.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Maritime","start":10297.65,"end":10298.25},{"text":"security","start":10298.25,"end":10299.05},{"text":"also","start":10299.37,"end":10299.93},{"text":"has","start":10299.93,"end":10300.45},{"text":"a","start":10300.45,"end":10300.49},{"text":"very","start":10300.49,"end":10300.81},{"text":"human","start":10300.81,"end":10301.29},{"text":"dimension","start":10301.29,"end":10301.93},{"text":"to","start":10301.93,"end":10302.25},{"text":"it.","start":10303.29,"end":10303.69}]},{"text":"Behind every vessel, there is a team.","start":10303.77,"end":10305.85,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"Behind","start":10303.77,"end":10304.25},{"text":"every","start":10304.25,"end":10304.49},{"text":"vessel,","start":10304.49,"end":10304.97},{"text":"there","start":10304.97,"end":10305.17},{"text":"is","start":10305.17,"end":10305.29},{"text":"a","start":10305.29,"end":10305.37},{"text":"team.","start":10305.37,"end":10305.85}]},{"text":"Behind every cargo, there's a supply chain.","start":10306.09,"end":10309.37,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"Behind","start":10306.09,"end":10306.89},{"text":"every","start":10307.13,"end":10307.37},{"text":"cargo,","start":10307.37,"end":10307.85},{"text":"there's","start":10307.85,"end":10308.17},{"text":"a","start":10308.17,"end":10308.21},{"text":"supply","start":10308.21,"end":10308.81},{"text":"chain.","start":10308.89,"end":10309.37}]},{"text":"And behind every delay, there could be fuel, food, or goods that are essential and waiting to arrive at their destination.","start":10309.69,"end":10317.05,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10309.69,"end":10309.97},{"text":"behind","start":10309.97,"end":10310.33},{"text":"every","start":10310.33,"end":10310.65},{"text":"delay,","start":10310.65,"end":10311.05},{"text":"there","start":10311.05,"end":10311.21},{"text":"could","start":10311.21,"end":10311.45},{"text":"be","start":10311.45,"end":10311.61},{"text":"fuel,","start":10311.61,"end":10312.09},{"text":"food,","start":10312.09,"end":10312.65},{"text":"or","start":10312.89,"end":10313.13},{"text":"goods","start":10313.13,"end":10313.53},{"text":"that","start":10313.53,"end":10313.69},{"text":"are","start":10313.69,"end":10313.93},{"text":"essential","start":10313.93,"end":10314.57},{"text":"and","start":10314.85,"end":10314.97},{"text":"waiting","start":10314.97,"end":10315.45},{"text":"to","start":10315.45,"end":10315.57},{"text":"arrive","start":10315.57,"end":10315.89},{"text":"at","start":10315.89,"end":10316.01},{"text":"their","start":10316.01,"end":10316.17},{"text":"destination.","start":10316.17,"end":10317.05}]},{"text":"Protecting shipping is also protecting life, economies, and the marine environment.","start":10317.29,"end":10323.29,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."},{"key":"vulnerable-economies","label":"Vulnerable Economies and Small States","description":"A consistent concern was the disproportionate impact of maritime disruption on developing countries, small island states, landlocked countries, and import-dependent economies. Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"Protecting","start":10317.29,"end":10317.93},{"text":"shipping","start":10317.93,"end":10318.49},{"text":"is","start":10318.49,"end":10318.73},{"text":"also","start":10318.73,"end":10319.05},{"text":"protecting","start":10319.05,"end":10319.77},{"text":"life,","start":10319.77,"end":10320.33},{"text":"economies,","start":10320.73,"end":10321.45},{"text":"and","start":10321.45,"end":10321.77},{"text":"the","start":10321.77,"end":10321.97},{"text":"marine","start":10322.01,"end":10322.41},{"text":"environment.","start":10322.41,"end":10323.29}]},{"text":"The current challenges also present new dimensions, namely the use of unmanned aerial vehicles and interference with navigation and communication systems can all increase risks for commercial shipping and for the security of seafarers.","start":10323.69,"end":10344.33,"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. Speakers warned that maritime rules and response tools must adapt to these evolving and hybrid forms of insecurity."},{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10323.69,"end":10323.85},{"text":"current","start":10323.85,"end":10324.33},{"text":"challenges","start":10324.41,"end":10325.29},{"text":"also","start":10326.17,"end":10326.65},{"text":"present","start":10326.73,"end":10327.57},{"text":"new","start":10327.57,"end":10327.85},{"text":"dimensions,","start":10328.09,"end":10328.97},{"text":"namely","start":10328.97,"end":10329.45},{"text":"the","start":10329.45,"end":10329.65},{"text":"use","start":10329.65,"end":10330.01},{"text":"of","start":10330.01,"end":10330.17},{"text":"unmanned","start":10330.41,"end":10330.81},{"text":"aerial","start":10330.81,"end":10331.37},{"text":"vehicles","start":10331.53,"end":10332.33},{"text":"and","start":10332.85,"end":10333.45},{"text":"interference","start":10333.45,"end":10334.17},{"text":"with","start":10334.17,"end":10334.37},{"text":"navigation","start":10334.37,"end":10334.93},{"text":"and","start":10334.93,"end":10335.05},{"text":"communication","start":10335.05,"end":10335.85},{"text":"systems","start":10335.85,"end":10336.57},{"text":"can","start":10336.89,"end":10337.09},{"text":"all","start":10337.09,"end":10337.37},{"text":"increase","start":10337.45,"end":10338.17},{"text":"risks","start":10338.25,"end":10338.73},{"text":"for","start":10338.73,"end":10339.05},{"text":"commercial","start":10339.05,"end":10339.61},{"text":"shipping","start":10339.61,"end":10340.17},{"text":"and","start":10341.49,"end":10341.69},{"text":"for","start":10341.69,"end":10341.97},{"text":"the","start":10341.97,"end":10342.17},{"text":"security","start":10342.17,"end":10342.97},{"text":"of","start":10342.97,"end":10343.29},{"text":"seafarers.","start":10343.29,"end":10344.33}]},{"text":"As part of this effort, the IMO has a central role to play in the exchange of information, leading to giving us greater awareness of what's happening in the marine environment and the importance for the responsible use of new technologies.","start":10345.09,"end":10360.65,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. 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Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"All","start":10360.97,"end":10361.13},{"text":"of","start":10361.13,"end":10361.21},{"text":"that","start":10361.21,"end":10361.37},{"text":"can","start":10361.37,"end":10361.57},{"text":"help","start":10361.57,"end":10361.85},{"text":"to","start":10361.85,"end":10362.33},{"text":"strengthen","start":10362.33,"end":10363.05},{"text":"shipping,","start":10363.61,"end":10364.17},{"text":"but","start":10364.57,"end":10365.05},{"text":"Technology","start":10365.73,"end":10366.57},{"text":"complements","start":10367.37,"end":10368.17},{"text":"the","start":10368.17,"end":10368.33},{"text":"rules","start":10368.33,"end":10368.69},{"text":"and","start":10368.69,"end":10368.85},{"text":"does","start":10368.85,"end":10369.05},{"text":"not","start":10369.05,"end":10369.21},{"text":"replace","start":10369.21,"end":10369.77},{"text":"the","start":10369.77,"end":10369.85},{"text":"rules.","start":10369.85,"end":10370.33}]},{"text":"Maritime security requires cooperation, responsibility, and respect for international law.","start":10370.65,"end":10376.21,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"Maritime","start":10370.65,"end":10371.13},{"text":"security","start":10371.13,"end":10371.69},{"text":"requires","start":10371.69,"end":10372.25},{"text":"cooperation,","start":10372.25,"end":10373.05},{"text":"responsibility,","start":10373.21,"end":10374.25},{"text":"and","start":10374.25,"end":10374.45},{"text":"respect","start":10374.45,"end":10374.89},{"text":"for","start":10374.89,"end":10375.05},{"text":"international","start":10375.05,"end":10376.13},{"text":"law.","start":10376.13,"end":10376.21}]},{"text":"It also requires the international community to act in a coordinated manner in the face of threats, which, although they're occurring in a given region, have global effects.","start":10376.49,"end":10387.77,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."},{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"It","start":10376.49,"end":10376.61},{"text":"also","start":10376.61,"end":10376.89},{"text":"requires","start":10376.89,"end":10377.61},{"text":"the","start":10377.61,"end":10377.73},{"text":"international","start":10377.73,"end":10378.33},{"text":"community","start":10378.33,"end":10378.97},{"text":"to","start":10378.97,"end":10379.13},{"text":"act","start":10379.13,"end":10379.37},{"text":"in","start":10379.37,"end":10379.57},{"text":"a","start":10379.57,"end":10379.61},{"text":"coordinated","start":10379.93,"end":10380.65},{"text":"manner","start":10380.65,"end":10380.97},{"text":"in","start":10380.97,"end":10381.05},{"text":"the","start":10381.05,"end":10381.17},{"text":"face","start":10381.17,"end":10381.53},{"text":"of","start":10381.53,"end":10381.77},{"text":"threats,","start":10382.01,"end":10382.57},{"text":"which,","start":10383.37,"end":10383.69},{"text":"although","start":10383.69,"end":10383.93},{"text":"they're","start":10383.93,"end":10384.21},{"text":"occurring","start":10384.21,"end":10384.65},{"text":"in","start":10384.65,"end":10384.77},{"text":"a","start":10384.77,"end":10384.81},{"text":"given","start":10384.81,"end":10385.29},{"text":"region,","start":10385.29,"end":10385.93},{"text":"have","start":10386.17,"end":10386.57},{"text":"global","start":10386.65,"end":10387.13},{"text":"effects.","start":10387.13,"end":10387.77}]},{"text":"Chair, the seas must continue to be a place of meeting and not coercion.","start":10388.17,"end":10394.49,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"Chair,","start":10388.17,"end":10388.45},{"text":"the","start":10389.69,"end":10389.85},{"text":"seas","start":10389.85,"end":10390.25},{"text":"must","start":10390.25,"end":10390.53},{"text":"continue","start":10390.53,"end":10391.05},{"text":"to","start":10391.05,"end":10391.21},{"text":"be","start":10391.21,"end":10391.33},{"text":"a","start":10391.33,"end":10391.37},{"text":"place","start":10391.37,"end":10391.77},{"text":"of","start":10392.09,"end":10392.41},{"text":"meeting","start":10392.81,"end":10393.29},{"text":"and","start":10393.29,"end":10393.41},{"text":"not","start":10393.41,"end":10393.57},{"text":"coercion.","start":10393.57,"end":10394.49}]},{"text":"Maritime security needs open routes, strengthened cooperation, and the preservation of an international rules-based order.","start":10395.45,"end":10405.29,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"Maritime","start":10395.45,"end":10396.01},{"text":"security","start":10396.01,"end":10396.89},{"text":"needs","start":10397.45,"end":10398.01},{"text":"open","start":10398.01,"end":10398.49},{"text":"routes,","start":10398.49,"end":10399.05},{"text":"strengthened","start":10399.61,"end":10400.17},{"text":"cooperation,","start":10400.17,"end":10401.05},{"text":"and","start":10401.37,"end":10401.73},{"text":"the","start":10401.73,"end":10401.85},{"text":"preservation","start":10401.85,"end":10402.65},{"text":"of","start":10402.81,"end":10403.09},{"text":"an","start":10403.09,"end":10403.17},{"text":"international","start":10403.17,"end":10404.01},{"text":"rules-based","start":10404.17,"end":10404.89},{"text":"order.","start":10404.89,"end":10405.29}]},{"text":"Thank 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Albania.","start":10409.25,"end":10412.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10409.25,"end":10409.29},{"text":"now","start":10409.29,"end":10409.53},{"text":"give","start":10409.53,"end":10409.69},{"text":"the","start":10409.69,"end":10409.77},{"text":"floor","start":10409.77,"end":10410.01},{"text":"to","start":10410.01,"end":10410.17},{"text":"the","start":10410.17,"end":10410.25},{"text":"Permanent","start":10410.25,"end":10410.89},{"text":"Representative","start":10410.97,"end":10411.61},{"text":"of","start":10411.61,"end":10411.69},{"text":"Albania.","start":10411.69,"end":10412.17}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdulatif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":68,"start":10416.01,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=2:53:37","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Albania joined the EU, but we would like to make a few points on national 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peace and security.","start":10428.57,"end":10439.85,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. 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The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."},{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"They","start":10443.61,"end":10443.81},{"text":"affect","start":10443.81,"end":10444.17},{"text":"international","start":10444.17,"end":10444.89},{"text":"trade,","start":10444.89,"end":10445.29},{"text":"energy,","start":10445.29,"end":10445.85},{"text":"and","start":10445.85,"end":10446.13},{"text":"food","start":10446.13,"end":10446.49},{"text":"security,","start":10446.49,"end":10447.21},{"text":"humanitarian","start":10447.29,"end":10448.09},{"text":"operations,","start":10448.09,"end":10448.77},{"text":"and","start":10448.77,"end":10448.93},{"text":"global","start":10448.93,"end":10449.29},{"text":"supply","start":10449.29,"end":10449.69},{"text":"chains.","start":10449.69,"end":10450.17}]},{"text":"Recent developments in and around Yemen further demonstrate how instability on land can quickly translate into risks at sea.","start":10450.41,"end":10459.33,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"Recent","start":10450.41,"end":10450.85},{"text":"developments","start":10450.85,"end":10451.61},{"text":"in","start":10451.61,"end":10451.85},{"text":"and","start":10451.85,"end":10452.33},{"text":"around","start":10452.33,"end":10452.77},{"text":"Yemen","start":10452.77,"end":10453.21},{"text":"further","start":10453.37,"end":10453.77},{"text":"demonstrate","start":10453.77,"end":10454.41},{"text":"how","start":10454.41,"end":10454.65},{"text":"instability","start":10454.65,"end":10455.61},{"text":"on","start":10455.85,"end":10456.01},{"text":"land","start":10456.01,"end":10456.49},{"text":"can","start":10456.73,"end":10456.89},{"text":"quickly","start":10456.89,"end":10457.29},{"text":"translate","start":10457.29,"end":10457.93},{"text":"into","start":10457.93,"end":10458.17},{"text":"risks","start":10458.17,"end":10458.73},{"text":"at","start":10458.81,"end":10458.93},{"text":"sea.","start":10458.93,"end":10459.33}]},{"text":"For Albania, a coastal country with a strategic position on the Adriatic the Mediterranean and the Ionian Seas, maritime security is a matter of direct national and regional importance.","start":10459.61,"end":10469.77,"topics":[{"key":"vulnerable-economies","label":"Vulnerable Economies and Small States","description":"A consistent concern was the disproportionate impact of maritime disruption on developing countries, small island states, landlocked countries, and import-dependent economies. Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"For","start":10459.61,"end":10459.81},{"text":"Albania,","start":10459.81,"end":10460.37},{"text":"a","start":10460.37,"end":10460.41},{"text":"coastal","start":10460.73,"end":10461.13},{"text":"country","start":10461.13,"end":10461.69},{"text":"with","start":10461.69,"end":10461.93},{"text":"a","start":10461.93,"end":10461.97},{"text":"strategic","start":10461.97,"end":10462.53},{"text":"position","start":10462.53,"end":10463.09},{"text":"on","start":10463.09,"end":10463.21},{"text":"the","start":10463.21,"end":10463.33},{"text":"Adriatic","start":10463.33,"end":10463.93},{"text":"the","start":10464.09,"end":10464.13},{"text":"Mediterranean","start":10464.13,"end":10464.61},{"text":"and","start":10464.61,"end":10464.73},{"text":"the","start":10464.73,"end":10464.81},{"text":"Ionian","start":10464.81,"end":10465.05},{"text":"Seas,","start":10465.05,"end":10465.17},{"text":"maritime","start":10465.17,"end":10465.53},{"text":"security","start":10465.53,"end":10466.17},{"text":"is","start":10466.41,"end":10466.61},{"text":"a","start":10466.61,"end":10466.65},{"text":"matter","start":10466.65,"end":10467.09},{"text":"of","start":10467.09,"end":10467.21},{"text":"direct","start":10467.21,"end":10467.69},{"text":"national","start":10467.77,"end":10468.41},{"text":"and","start":10468.41,"end":10468.65},{"text":"regional","start":10468.65,"end":10469.09},{"text":"importance.","start":10469.09,"end":10469.77}]},{"text":"Our experience remind us that safe and open seas are essential for connectivity, economic development, and security of our communities.","start":10470.01,"end":10478.97,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."},{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"Our","start":10470.01,"end":10470.17},{"text":"experience","start":10470.17,"end":10470.81},{"text":"remind","start":10470.81,"end":10471.29},{"text":"us","start":10471.29,"end":10471.53},{"text":"that","start":10471.61,"end":10471.85},{"text":"safe","start":10471.85,"end":10472.25},{"text":"and","start":10472.25,"end":10472.41},{"text":"open","start":10472.41,"end":10472.73},{"text":"seas","start":10472.73,"end":10473.05},{"text":"are","start":10473.29,"end":10473.49},{"text":"essential","start":10473.49,"end":10474.09},{"text":"for","start":10474.09,"end":10474.25},{"text":"connectivity,","start":10474.25,"end":10474.89},{"text":"economic","start":10474.89,"end":10475.29},{"text":"development,","start":10475.29,"end":10476.05},{"text":"and","start":10476.25,"end":10476.41},{"text":"security","start":10476.41,"end":10477.13},{"text":"of","start":10477.37,"end":10477.53},{"text":"our","start":10477.53,"end":10478.01},{"text":"communities.","start":10478.13,"end":10478.97}]},{"text":"The principle is clear.","start":10479.29,"end":10480.57,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10479.29,"end":10479.41},{"text":"principle","start":10479.41,"end":10479.93},{"text":"is","start":10479.93,"end":10480.09},{"text":"clear.","start":10480.09,"end":10480.57}]},{"text":"Freedom of navigation must be respected and international law upheld.","start":10480.73,"end":10484.65,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Freedom","start":10480.73,"end":10481.17},{"text":"of","start":10481.17,"end":10481.29},{"text":"navigation","start":10481.29,"end":10481.89},{"text":"must","start":10481.89,"end":10482.09},{"text":"be","start":10482.09,"end":10482.33},{"text":"respected","start":10482.33,"end":10483.01},{"text":"and","start":10483.01,"end":10483.21},{"text":"international","start":10483.21,"end":10484.13},{"text":"law","start":10484.13,"end":10484.21},{"text":"upheld.","start":10484.21,"end":10484.65}]},{"text":"The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea remains a fundamental framework for the peaceful use of the seas and oceans.","start":10484.81,"end":10492.41,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."},{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10484.81,"end":10484.93},{"text":"United","start":10484.93,"end":10485.37},{"text":"Nations","start":10485.37,"end":10485.77},{"text":"Convention","start":10485.77,"end":10486.33},{"text":"on","start":10486.37,"end":10486.49},{"text":"the","start":10486.49,"end":10486.65},{"text":"Law","start":10486.65,"end":10486.93},{"text":"of","start":10486.93,"end":10487.01},{"text":"the","start":10487.01,"end":10487.09},{"text":"Sea","start":10487.09,"end":10487.53},{"text":"remains","start":10487.53,"end":10488.05},{"text":"a","start":10488.05,"end":10488.09},{"text":"fundamental","start":10488.09,"end":10488.81},{"text":"framework","start":10488.81,"end":10489.37},{"text":"for","start":10489.37,"end":10489.53},{"text":"the","start":10489.53,"end":10489.69},{"text":"peaceful","start":10489.69,"end":10490.25},{"text":"use","start":10490.25,"end":10490.57},{"text":"of","start":10490.85,"end":10490.97},{"text":"the","start":10490.97,"end":10491.09},{"text":"seas","start":10491.09,"end":10491.61},{"text":"and","start":10491.61,"end":10491.85},{"text":"oceans.","start":10491.85,"end":10492.41}]},{"text":"Commercial shipping, must be able to operate without unlawful interference, and the safety of seafarers must be protected.","start":10492.73,"end":10501.69,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"Commercial","start":10492.73,"end":10493.29},{"text":"shipping,","start":10493.29,"end":10493.77},{"text":"must","start":10494.17,"end":10494.33},{"text":"be","start":10494.33,"end":10494.57},{"text":"able","start":10494.57,"end":10494.85},{"text":"to","start":10494.85,"end":10495.01},{"text":"operate","start":10495.01,"end":10495.45},{"text":"without","start":10495.45,"end":10496.01},{"text":"unlawful","start":10496.37,"end":10497.01},{"text":"interference,","start":10497.01,"end":10497.85},{"text":"and","start":10498.01,"end":10498.25},{"text":"the","start":10498.25,"end":10498.33},{"text":"safety","start":10498.33,"end":10498.81},{"text":"of","start":10498.81,"end":10499.05},{"text":"seafarers","start":10499.05,"end":10500.17},{"text":"must","start":10500.41,"end":10500.81},{"text":"be","start":10500.81,"end":10500.97},{"text":"protected.","start":10500.97,"end":10501.69}]},{"text":"Those who work at sea should never become the human cost of conflicts in which they have no part.","start":10501.69,"end":10507.93,"topics":[{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"Those","start":10501.69,"end":10502.17},{"text":"who","start":10502.17,"end":10502.29},{"text":"work","start":10502.29,"end":10502.61},{"text":"at","start":10502.61,"end":10502.69},{"text":"sea","start":10502.69,"end":10503.17},{"text":"should","start":10503.21,"end":10503.49},{"text":"never","start":10503.53,"end":10503.85},{"text":"become","start":10503.85,"end":10504.33},{"text":"the","start":10504.33,"end":10504.53},{"text":"human","start":10504.57,"end":10505.05},{"text":"cost","start":10505.05,"end":10505.45},{"text":"of","start":10505.45,"end":10505.61},{"text":"conflicts","start":10505.61,"end":10506.25},{"text":"in","start":10506.33,"end":10506.65},{"text":"which","start":10506.65,"end":10506.89},{"text":"they","start":10506.89,"end":10507.05},{"text":"have","start":10507.05,"end":10507.37},{"text":"no","start":10507.37,"end":10507.53},{"text":"part.","start":10507.53,"end":10507.93}]},{"text":"Albania stands in solidarity with the countries of the Gulf and supports their efforts to safeguard the security, stability, and freedom of navigation in their region.","start":10508.13,"end":10517.77,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"Albania","start":10508.13,"end":10508.65},{"text":"stands","start":10508.65,"end":10509.21},{"text":"in","start":10509.21,"end":10509.37},{"text":"solidarity","start":10509.37,"end":10510.01},{"text":"with","start":10510.01,"end":10510.13},{"text":"the","start":10510.13,"end":10510.21},{"text":"countries","start":10510.21,"end":10510.69},{"text":"of","start":10510.69,"end":10510.81},{"text":"the","start":10510.81,"end":10510.89},{"text":"Gulf","start":10510.89,"end":10511.29},{"text":"and","start":10511.53,"end":10511.89},{"text":"supports","start":10512.01,"end":10512.89},{"text":"their","start":10513.05,"end":10513.29},{"text":"efforts","start":10513.29,"end":10513.69},{"text":"to","start":10513.69,"end":10513.81},{"text":"safeguard","start":10513.85,"end":10514.41},{"text":"the","start":10514.41,"end":10514.53},{"text":"security,","start":10514.53,"end":10515.09},{"text":"stability,","start":10515.09,"end":10515.65},{"text":"and","start":10515.65,"end":10515.85},{"text":"freedom","start":10515.85,"end":10516.25},{"text":"of","start":10516.29,"end":10516.41},{"text":"navigation","start":10516.41,"end":10517.01},{"text":"in","start":10517.01,"end":10517.13},{"text":"their","start":10517.13,"end":10517.33},{"text":"region.","start":10517.33,"end":10517.77}]},{"text":"The sovereignty and territorial integrity of states must be respected, and threats to their people, infrastructure, and maritime routes must be addressed in accordance with international law.","start":10517.93,"end":10530.05,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10517.93,"end":10518.13},{"text":"sovereignty","start":10518.13,"end":10518.85},{"text":"and","start":10518.85,"end":10519.01},{"text":"territorial","start":10519.01,"end":10520.65},{"text":"integrity","start":10520.65,"end":10521.45},{"text":"of","start":10521.45,"end":10521.61},{"text":"states","start":10521.61,"end":10522.09},{"text":"must","start":10522.33,"end":10522.61},{"text":"be","start":10522.65,"end":10522.77},{"text":"respected,","start":10522.77,"end":10523.37},{"text":"and","start":10523.45,"end":10523.65},{"text":"threats","start":10523.65,"end":10523.97},{"text":"to","start":10524.41,"end":10524.57},{"text":"their","start":10524.57,"end":10524.81},{"text":"people,","start":10524.81,"end":10525.21},{"text":"infrastructure,","start":10525.21,"end":10526.09},{"text":"and","start":10526.09,"end":10526.33},{"text":"maritime","start":10526.33,"end":10526.89},{"text":"routes","start":10526.89,"end":10527.21},{"text":"must","start":10527.37,"end":10527.65},{"text":"be","start":10527.65,"end":10527.81},{"text":"addressed","start":10527.81,"end":10528.21},{"text":"in","start":10528.21,"end":10528.33},{"text":"accordance","start":10528.33,"end":10528.89},{"text":"with","start":10528.89,"end":10529.01},{"text":"international","start":10529.01,"end":10529.93},{"text":"law.","start":10529.97,"end":10530.05}]},{"text":"Mr. Chair, maritime security also requires preparedness and cooperation.","start":10530.17,"end":10536.49,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":10530.17,"end":10530.57},{"text":"Chair,","start":10530.57,"end":10530.97},{"text":"maritime","start":10531.29,"end":10531.85},{"text":"security","start":10531.85,"end":10532.57},{"text":"also","start":10532.73,"end":10533.09},{"text":"requires","start":10533.09,"end":10534.41},{"text":"preparedness","start":10534.69,"end":10535.61},{"text":"and","start":10535.61,"end":10535.81},{"text":"cooperation.","start":10535.81,"end":10536.49}]},{"text":"We should strengthen information sharing and early warning mechanisms, improve preparedness for disruptions, and enhance coordination among member states, the United Nations, the International Maritime Organization, regional organizations, and the maritime sector.","start":10536.65,"end":10553.13,"topics":[{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. 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Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"But","start":10553.45,"end":10553.97},{"text":"measures","start":10554.17,"end":10554.73},{"text":"must","start":10554.97,"end":10555.17},{"text":"go","start":10555.17,"end":10555.29},{"text":"hand","start":10555.29,"end":10555.65},{"text":"in","start":10555.65,"end":10555.77},{"text":"hand","start":10555.77,"end":10556.01},{"text":"with","start":10556.01,"end":10556.17},{"text":"diplomacy.","start":10556.17,"end":10556.81}]},{"text":"The escalation dialogue and diplomacy remain essential to preventing regional tensions from generating wider threats to international peace and security.","start":10557.13,"end":10567.29,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. 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Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":10578.73,"end":10579.05},{"text":"Chair,","start":10579.05,"end":10579.45},{"text":"for","start":10579.45,"end":10579.65},{"text":"Albania,","start":10579.65,"end":10580.25},{"text":"the","start":10580.41,"end":10580.57},{"text":"priorities","start":10580.57,"end":10581.37},{"text":"are","start":10581.37,"end":10581.61},{"text":"clear:","start":10581.61,"end":10582.09},{"text":"protect","start":10582.33,"end":10582.97},{"text":"freedom","start":10582.97,"end":10583.37},{"text":"of","start":10583.37,"end":10583.45},{"text":"navigation,","start":10583.45,"end":10583.97},{"text":"uphold","start":10584.25,"end":10584.69},{"text":"international","start":10584.69,"end":10585.57},{"text":"laws,","start":10585.57,"end":10585.69},{"text":"support","start":10585.69,"end":10586.09},{"text":"the","start":10586.09,"end":10586.17},{"text":"security","start":10586.17,"end":10586.69},{"text":"and","start":10586.69,"end":10586.81},{"text":"stability","start":10586.81,"end":10587.41},{"text":"of","start":10587.41,"end":10587.53},{"text":"the","start":10587.53,"end":10587.61},{"text":"Gulf","start":10587.61,"end":10588.09},{"text":"countries,","start":10588.09,"end":10588.73},{"text":"protect","start":10588.89,"end":10589.37},{"text":"commercial","start":10589.37,"end":10589.85},{"text":"shipping","start":10589.85,"end":10590.33},{"text":"and","start":10590.33,"end":10590.57},{"text":"sea","start":10590.57,"end":10590.81},{"text":"affairs,","start":10590.81,"end":10591.37},{"text":"and","start":10591.61,"end":10591.85},{"text":"strengthen","start":10591.85,"end":10592.41},{"text":"the","start":10592.41,"end":10592.57},{"text":"resilience","start":10592.57,"end":10593.29},{"text":"of","start":10593.65,"end":10593.85},{"text":"critical","start":10593.85,"end":10594.25},{"text":"maritime","start":10594.25,"end":10594.81},{"text":"routes.","start":10594.81,"end":10595.29}]},{"text":"We stand ready to contribute to international efforts to keep our seas secure, our maritime routes open, and our shared commitment to international peace and security strong.","start":10595.45,"end":10605.93,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":70,"start":10624.93,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=2:57:05","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you very much, Chair.","start":10624.93,"end":10627.17,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10624.93,"end":10625.25},{"text":"you","start":10625.25,"end":10625.57},{"text":"very","start":10625.57,"end":10625.89},{"text":"much,","start":10625.89,"end":10626.37},{"text":"Chair.","start":10626.93,"end":10627.17}]},{"text":"Spain would like to join in the EU statement and we'd like to make some comments in our national 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The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"Protecting","start":10646.13,"end":10646.77},{"text":"maritime","start":10646.77,"end":10647.33},{"text":"routes","start":10647.33,"end":10647.65},{"text":"is","start":10647.65,"end":10647.85},{"text":"a","start":10647.85,"end":10647.89},{"text":"central","start":10647.89,"end":10648.37},{"text":"issue","start":10648.37,"end":10648.77},{"text":"for","start":10648.77,"end":10648.93},{"text":"the","start":10648.93,"end":10649.05},{"text":"maintenance","start":10649.05,"end":10649.73},{"text":"of","start":10649.73,"end":10650.05},{"text":"peace","start":10650.05,"end":10650.45},{"text":"and","start":10650.69,"end":10650.93},{"text":"security","start":10650.93,"end":10651.65},{"text":"as","start":10651.89,"end":10652.05},{"text":"well","start":10652.05,"end":10652.17},{"text":"as","start":10652.17,"end":10652.33},{"text":"for","start":10652.33,"end":10652.61},{"text":"economic","start":10652.61,"end":10653.09},{"text":"security.","start":10653.09,"end":10653.81}]},{"text":"Current crises in the Strait of Hormuz and Bab al-Mandab show the vulnerability of these routes and the importance of greater international cooperation to address the disruptive consequences affecting international trade, energy security, and global supply chains.","start":10655.25,"end":10675.01,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"Current","start":10655.25,"end":10655.65},{"text":"crises","start":10655.65,"end":10656.21},{"text":"in","start":10656.21,"end":10656.45},{"text":"the","start":10656.45,"end":10656.53},{"text":"Strait","start":10656.53,"end":10657.01},{"text":"of","start":10657.01,"end":10657.25},{"text":"Hormuz","start":10657.25,"end":10657.81},{"text":"and","start":10657.81,"end":10658.05},{"text":"Bab","start":10658.61,"end":10658.93},{"text":"al-Mandab","start":10659.77,"end":10660.37},{"text":"show","start":10660.77,"end":10661.09},{"text":"the","start":10661.09,"end":10661.25},{"text":"vulnerability","start":10661.25,"end":10662.05},{"text":"of","start":10662.05,"end":10662.21},{"text":"these","start":10662.21,"end":10662.53},{"text":"routes","start":10662.53,"end":10662.85},{"text":"and","start":10662.85,"end":10662.97},{"text":"the","start":10662.97,"end":10663.05},{"text":"importance","start":10663.05,"end":10663.81},{"text":"of","start":10663.81,"end":10664.09},{"text":"greater","start":10664.09,"end":10664.53},{"text":"international","start":10664.53,"end":10665.33},{"text":"cooperation","start":10665.49,"end":10666.45},{"text":"to","start":10666.45,"end":10666.85},{"text":"address","start":10667.17,"end":10667.73},{"text":"the","start":10667.73,"end":10668.01},{"text":"disruptive","start":10668.37,"end":10669.25},{"text":"consequences","start":10669.25,"end":10670.53},{"text":"affecting","start":10670.61,"end":10671.09},{"text":"international","start":10671.09,"end":10671.65},{"text":"trade,","start":10671.65,"end":10672.13},{"text":"energy","start":10672.13,"end":10672.53},{"text":"security,","start":10672.53,"end":10673.17},{"text":"and","start":10673.33,"end":10673.53},{"text":"global","start":10673.53,"end":10673.97},{"text":"supply","start":10673.97,"end":10674.37},{"text":"chains.","start":10674.37,"end":10675.01}]},{"text":"Spain reiterates its solidarity with the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council in the face of Iran's unjustified and unacceptable attacks against the region.","start":10675.61,"end":10685.61,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. 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Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"Likewise,","start":10719.53,"end":10720.01},{"text":"de-escalation,","start":10720.01,"end":10720.81},{"text":"dialogue,","start":10720.81,"end":10721.25},{"text":"and","start":10721.25,"end":10721.37},{"text":"respect","start":10721.37,"end":10721.77},{"text":"for","start":10721.77,"end":10721.89},{"text":"international","start":10721.89,"end":10722.73},{"text":"law","start":10722.73,"end":10722.81},{"text":"remain","start":10722.97,"end":10723.37},{"text":"indispensable","start":10723.37,"end":10724.17},{"text":"tools","start":10724.17,"end":10724.57},{"text":"for","start":10724.61,"end":10724.85},{"text":"preserving","start":10724.97,"end":10725.61},{"text":"the","start":10725.61,"end":10725.81},{"text":"stability","start":10725.81,"end":10726.49},{"text":"of","start":10727.05,"end":10727.21},{"text":"strategic","start":10727.21,"end":10727.77},{"text":"maritime","start":10727.77,"end":10728.33},{"text":"routes.","start":10728.33,"end":10728.81}]},{"text":"Spain advocates responses based on an integrated approach Given this situation, we stress that international law is the cornerstone of action in the maritime domain, particularly the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.","start":10729.21,"end":10749.45,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. 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Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10750.05,"end":10750.09},{"text":"Security","start":10750.09,"end":10750.57},{"text":"Council","start":10750.57,"end":10750.93},{"text":"has","start":10750.93,"end":10751.17},{"text":"reaffirmed","start":10751.17,"end":10751.73},{"text":"that","start":10751.73,"end":10751.89},{"text":"the","start":10751.89,"end":10752.01},{"text":"exercise","start":10752.01,"end":10752.61},{"text":"of","start":10752.61,"end":10752.69},{"text":"navigational","start":10752.69,"end":10753.41},{"text":"rights","start":10753.41,"end":10753.77},{"text":"and","start":10753.77,"end":10753.89},{"text":"freedoms","start":10753.89,"end":10754.53},{"text":"by","start":10754.53,"end":10754.77},{"text":"merchant","start":10754.77,"end":10755.29},{"text":"and","start":10755.29,"end":10755.41},{"text":"commercial","start":10755.41,"end":10755.89},{"text":"vessels","start":10755.89,"end":10756.45},{"text":"in","start":10756.69,"end":10756.89},{"text":"accordance","start":10756.89,"end":10757.33},{"text":"with","start":10757.33,"end":10757.49},{"text":"international","start":10757.49,"end":10758.09},{"text":"law","start":10758.09,"end":10758.29},{"text":"must","start":10758.53,"end":10758.77},{"text":"be","start":10758.77,"end":10758.93},{"text":"respected","start":10758.93,"end":10759.57},{"text":"and","start":10759.57,"end":10759.69},{"text":"that","start":10759.69,"end":10759.81},{"text":"transit","start":10759.81,"end":10760.21},{"text":"must","start":10760.21,"end":10760.41},{"text":"continue","start":10760.41,"end":10761.01},{"text":"unimpeded,","start":10761.01,"end":10761.81},{"text":"as","start":10762.05,"end":10762.29},{"text":"recalled","start":10762.29,"end":10762.69},{"text":"in","start":10762.69,"end":10762.85},{"text":"resolution","start":10762.85,"end":10763.57},{"text":"2722,","start":10763.57,"end":10764.93},{"text":"and","start":10765.25,"end":10765.41},{"text":"in","start":10765.41,"end":10765.49},{"text":"particular","start":10765.49,"end":10766.01},{"text":"with","start":10766.01,"end":10766.13},{"text":"regard","start":10766.13,"end":10766.49},{"text":"to","start":10766.49,"end":10766.57},{"text":"critical","start":10766.57,"end":10767.01},{"text":"maritime","start":10767.01,"end":10767.57},{"text":"routes","start":10767.57,"end":10767.93},{"text":"as","start":10767.93,"end":10768.05},{"text":"established","start":10768.05,"end":10768.53},{"text":"in","start":10768.53,"end":10768.61},{"text":"resolution","start":10768.61,"end":10769.13},{"text":"2817.","start":10769.13,"end":10770.77}]},{"text":"We call for their strict implementation.","start":10770.93,"end":10773.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10770.93,"end":10771.13},{"text":"call","start":10771.13,"end":10771.33},{"text":"for","start":10771.33,"end":10771.49},{"text":"their","start":10771.49,"end":10771.65},{"text":"strict","start":10771.65,"end":10772.53},{"text":"implementation.","start":10772.53,"end":10773.49}]},{"text":"Spain supports effective multilateralism with the UN and the IMO at its core, and we advocate greater diplomatic action.","start":10774.05,"end":10780.69,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"Spain","start":10774.05,"end":10774.29},{"text":"supports","start":10774.29,"end":10774.73},{"text":"effective","start":10774.73,"end":10775.09},{"text":"multilateralism","start":10775.09,"end":10776.01},{"text":"with","start":10776.01,"end":10776.17},{"text":"the","start":10776.17,"end":10776.25},{"text":"UN","start":10776.25,"end":10776.57},{"text":"and","start":10776.57,"end":10776.81},{"text":"the","start":10776.81,"end":10776.93},{"text":"IMO","start":10777.01,"end":10777.29},{"text":"at","start":10777.29,"end":10777.37},{"text":"its","start":10777.37,"end":10777.65},{"text":"core,","start":10777.65,"end":10778.05},{"text":"and","start":10778.29,"end":10778.45},{"text":"we","start":10778.45,"end":10778.57},{"text":"advocate","start":10778.57,"end":10779.17},{"text":"greater","start":10779.17,"end":10779.61},{"text":"diplomatic","start":10779.61,"end":10780.21},{"text":"action.","start":10780.21,"end":10780.69}]},{"text":"The protection of freedom of navigation must rest on lasting political and diplomatic solutions based on international cooperation.","start":10780.93,"end":10788.21,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10780.93,"end":10781.09},{"text":"protection","start":10781.09,"end":10781.61},{"text":"of","start":10781.61,"end":10781.69},{"text":"freedom","start":10781.69,"end":10782.01},{"text":"of","start":10782.01,"end":10782.13},{"text":"navigation","start":10782.13,"end":10782.77},{"text":"must","start":10782.77,"end":10783.01},{"text":"rest","start":10783.01,"end":10783.37},{"text":"on","start":10783.37,"end":10783.49},{"text":"lasting","start":10783.49,"end":10784.05},{"text":"political","start":10784.05,"end":10784.61},{"text":"and","start":10784.85,"end":10785.01},{"text":"diplomatic","start":10785.01,"end":10785.73},{"text":"solutions","start":10785.73,"end":10786.45},{"text":"based","start":10786.45,"end":10786.73},{"text":"on","start":10786.73,"end":10786.85},{"text":"international","start":10786.85,"end":10787.49},{"text":"cooperation.","start":10787.49,"end":10788.21}]},{"text":"Thank you very much.","start":10788.21,"end":10788.93,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10788.21,"end":10788.37},{"text":"you","start":10788.37,"end":10788.45},{"text":"very","start":10788.45,"end":10788.61},{"text":"much.","start":10788.61,"end":10788.93}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":null,"affiliation":"ESP","affiliation_full":"Spain","group":null,"function":"Representative"}},{"statement_number":71,"start":10793.33,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=2:59:54","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"I thank the distinguished representative of Spain.","start":10793.33,"end":10795.37,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10793.33,"end":10793.49},{"text":"thank","start":10793.49,"end":10793.73},{"text":"the","start":10793.73,"end":10793.85},{"text":"distinguished","start":10793.85,"end":10794.29},{"text":"representative","start":10794.29,"end":10794.85},{"text":"of","start":10794.85,"end":10795.05},{"text":"Spain.","start":10795.05,"end":10795.37}]},{"text":"I now give the floor to Italy.","start":10795.37,"end":10796.69,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":10795.37,"end":10795.41},{"text":"now","start":10795.45,"end":10795.57},{"text":"give","start":10795.57,"end":10795.73},{"text":"the","start":10795.73,"end":10795.81},{"text":"floor","start":10795.81,"end":10796.05},{"text":"to","start":10796.05,"end":10796.17},{"text":"Italy.","start":10796.17,"end":10796.69}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdulatif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Chair"}},{"statement_number":72,"start":10800.77,"pageUrl":"/zh/asset/k1r/k1r6s6jmtc?lang=en&t=3:00:01","paragraphs":[{"sentences":[{"text":"Thank you. Thank you, Mr. President.","start":10800.77,"end":10803.53,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":10800.77,"end":10801.01},{"text":"you.","start":10801.01,"end":10801.13},{"text":"Thank","start":10802.17,"end":10802.29},{"text":"you,","start":10802.29,"end":10802.57},{"text":"Mr.","start":10802.69,"end":10803.09},{"text":"President.","start":10803.09,"end":10803.53}]},{"text":"We thank the Kingdom of Bahrain for convening this meeting.","start":10804.17,"end":10806.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"We","start":10804.17,"end":10804.41},{"text":"thank","start":10804.41,"end":10804.57},{"text":"the","start":10804.57,"end":10804.73},{"text":"Kingdom","start":10804.73,"end":10805.09},{"text":"of","start":10805.09,"end":10805.17},{"text":"Bahrain","start":10805.17,"end":10805.61},{"text":"for","start":10805.61,"end":10805.77},{"text":"convening","start":10805.77,"end":10806.17},{"text":"this","start":10806.17,"end":10806.33},{"text":"meeting.","start":10806.33,"end":10806.81}]},{"text":"And of course, we align ourselves to the statement to be delivered by the European Union.","start":10806.81,"end":10810.89,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10806.81,"end":10807.05},{"text":"of","start":10807.09,"end":10807.17},{"text":"course,","start":10807.41,"end":10807.65},{"text":"we","start":10807.65,"end":10807.73},{"text":"align","start":10807.73,"end":10808.09},{"text":"ourselves","start":10808.25,"end":10808.73},{"text":"to","start":10808.73,"end":10808.81},{"text":"the","start":10808.81,"end":10808.89},{"text":"statement","start":10808.89,"end":10809.37},{"text":"to","start":10809.53,"end":10809.61},{"text":"be","start":10809.61,"end":10809.73},{"text":"delivered","start":10809.73,"end":10810.05},{"text":"by","start":10810.05,"end":10810.13},{"text":"the","start":10810.13,"end":10810.21},{"text":"European","start":10810.21,"end":10810.57},{"text":"Union.","start":10810.57,"end":10810.89}]},{"text":"And we had some further remarks in national capacity.","start":10810.97,"end":10813.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":10810.97,"end":10811.13},{"text":"we","start":10811.13,"end":10811.29},{"text":"had","start":10811.29,"end":10811.69},{"text":"some","start":10811.69,"end":10811.93},{"text":"further","start":10811.93,"end":10812.29},{"text":"remarks","start":10812.29,"end":10812.65},{"text":"in","start":10812.65,"end":10812.77},{"text":"national","start":10812.77,"end":10813.05},{"text":"capacity.","start":10813.05,"end":10813.61}]},{"text":"Maritime threats pose significant challenges, not just to coastal states and local communities, but also to the international community as a whole.","start":10814.17,"end":10820.73,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."},{"key":"vulnerable-economies","label":"Vulnerable Economies and Small States","description":"A consistent concern was the disproportionate impact of maritime disruption on developing countries, small island states, landlocked countries, and import-dependent economies. Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."}],"words":[{"text":"Maritime","start":10814.17,"end":10814.57},{"text":"threats","start":10814.57,"end":10814.97},{"text":"pose","start":10815.05,"end":10815.29},{"text":"significant","start":10815.29,"end":10815.89},{"text":"challenges,","start":10815.89,"end":10816.41},{"text":"not","start":10816.41,"end":10816.61},{"text":"just","start":10816.61,"end":10817.01},{"text":"to","start":10817.01,"end":10817.09},{"text":"coastal","start":10817.09,"end":10817.37},{"text":"states","start":10817.37,"end":10817.77},{"text":"and","start":10817.77,"end":10817.93},{"text":"local","start":10817.93,"end":10818.17},{"text":"communities,","start":10818.17,"end":10818.65},{"text":"but","start":10818.65,"end":10818.81},{"text":"also","start":10818.81,"end":10819.13},{"text":"to","start":10819.13,"end":10819.21},{"text":"the","start":10819.21,"end":10819.29},{"text":"international","start":10819.29,"end":10819.81},{"text":"community","start":10819.81,"end":10820.17},{"text":"as","start":10820.17,"end":10820.41},{"text":"a","start":10820.41,"end":10820.45},{"text":"whole.","start":10820.45,"end":10820.73}]},{"text":"The breadth of these threats, especially those affecting critical maritime routes, is growing so much that it has become one of the main drivers of global instability.","start":10821.45,"end":10828.81,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."},{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10821.45,"end":10821.61},{"text":"breadth","start":10821.61,"end":10821.93},{"text":"of","start":10822.01,"end":10822.17},{"text":"these","start":10822.17,"end":10822.33},{"text":"threats,","start":10822.33,"end":10822.69},{"text":"especially","start":10822.69,"end":10823.21},{"text":"those","start":10823.21,"end":10823.45},{"text":"affecting","start":10823.45,"end":10823.85},{"text":"critical","start":10823.85,"end":10824.21},{"text":"maritime","start":10824.21,"end":10824.57},{"text":"routes,","start":10824.57,"end":10824.89},{"text":"is","start":10824.97,"end":10825.13},{"text":"growing","start":10825.13,"end":10825.53},{"text":"so","start":10825.53,"end":10825.69},{"text":"much","start":10825.69,"end":10825.93},{"text":"that","start":10825.93,"end":10826.17},{"text":"it","start":10826.17,"end":10826.33},{"text":"has","start":10826.33,"end":10826.49},{"text":"become","start":10826.49,"end":10826.81},{"text":"one","start":10826.81,"end":10827.05},{"text":"of","start":10827.05,"end":10827.21},{"text":"the","start":10827.21,"end":10827.29},{"text":"main","start":10827.29,"end":10827.49},{"text":"drivers","start":10827.49,"end":10827.85},{"text":"of","start":10827.85,"end":10827.97},{"text":"global","start":10827.97,"end":10828.25},{"text":"instability.","start":10828.25,"end":10828.81}]},{"text":"The increasing disruptions to commercial shipping, notably in the Gulf, the Strait of Hormuz, Bab el-Mandeb, the Gulf of Oman, and the Red Sea, in blatant violation of international law, are a stark reminder of the fundamental importance of maritime communication routes for the international economy and, ultimately, for international peace and security.","start":10829.49,"end":10845.97,"topics":[{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."},{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":10829.49,"end":10829.53},{"text":"increasing","start":10829.53,"end":10829.89},{"text":"disruptions","start":10829.89,"end":10830.45},{"text":"to","start":10830.45,"end":10830.53},{"text":"commercial","start":10830.53,"end":10830.93},{"text":"shipping,","start":10830.93,"end":10831.33},{"text":"notably","start":10831.33,"end":10831.77},{"text":"in","start":10831.77,"end":10831.85},{"text":"the","start":10831.85,"end":10831.93},{"text":"Gulf,","start":10831.93,"end":10832.25},{"text":"the","start":10832.25,"end":10832.41},{"text":"Strait","start":10832.41,"end":10832.69},{"text":"of","start":10832.69,"end":10832.77},{"text":"Hormuz,","start":10832.77,"end":10833.17},{"text":"Bab","start":10833.17,"end":10833.41},{"text":"el-Mandeb,","start":10833.41,"end":10833.89},{"text":"the","start":10833.89,"end":10834.05},{"text":"Gulf","start":10834.05,"end":10834.29},{"text":"of","start":10834.29,"end":10834.37},{"text":"Oman,","start":10834.37,"end":10834.77},{"text":"and","start":10834.77,"end":10834.89},{"text":"the","start":10834.89,"end":10834.97},{"text":"Red","start":10834.97,"end":10835.09},{"text":"Sea,","start":10835.09,"end":10835.41},{"text":"in","start":10835.89,"end":10836.01},{"text":"blatant","start":10836.01,"end":10836.37},{"text":"violation","start":10836.37,"end":10836.85},{"text":"of","start":10836.85,"end":10836.93},{"text":"international","start":10836.93,"end":10837.73},{"text":"law,","start":10838.09,"end":10838.17},{"text":"are","start":10838.17,"end":10838.25},{"text":"a","start":10838.25,"end":10838.29},{"text":"stark","start":10838.29,"end":10838.61},{"text":"reminder","start":10838.61,"end":10839.01},{"text":"of","start":10839.01,"end":10839.13},{"text":"the","start":10839.13,"end":10839.25},{"text":"fundamental","start":10839.25,"end":10839.77},{"text":"importance","start":10839.77,"end":10840.37},{"text":"of","start":10840.37,"end":10840.53},{"text":"maritime","start":10840.53,"end":10840.89},{"text":"communication","start":10840.89,"end":10841.57},{"text":"routes","start":10841.57,"end":10842.05},{"text":"for","start":10842.37,"end":10842.53},{"text":"the","start":10842.53,"end":10842.61},{"text":"international","start":10842.61,"end":10843.09},{"text":"economy","start":10843.09,"end":10843.41},{"text":"and,","start":10843.41,"end":10843.65},{"text":"ultimately,","start":10843.65,"end":10844.21},{"text":"for","start":10844.21,"end":10844.33},{"text":"international","start":10844.33,"end":10844.89},{"text":"peace","start":10844.89,"end":10845.25},{"text":"and","start":10845.25,"end":10845.41},{"text":"security.","start":10845.41,"end":10845.97}]},{"text":"Accordingly, it is in the interest of every state to commit to ensuring the full application of the principle of freedom of navigation and under safe conditions for maritime personnel.","start":10846.61,"end":10858.97,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."}],"words":[{"text":"Accordingly,","start":10846.61,"end":10847.25},{"text":"it","start":10847.33,"end":10847.57},{"text":"is","start":10847.57,"end":10847.73},{"text":"in","start":10847.73,"end":10848.45},{"text":"the","start":10848.45,"end":10848.57},{"text":"interest","start":10848.57,"end":10849.05},{"text":"of","start":10849.05,"end":10849.13},{"text":"every","start":10849.13,"end":10849.33},{"text":"state","start":10849.33,"end":10849.61},{"text":"to","start":10849.61,"end":10849.69},{"text":"commit","start":10849.69,"end":10850.13},{"text":"to","start":10850.29,"end":10850.49},{"text":"ensuring","start":10850.49,"end":10851.01},{"text":"the","start":10851.01,"end":10851.17},{"text":"full","start":10851.17,"end":10851.41},{"text":"application","start":10851.41,"end":10851.97},{"text":"of","start":10851.97,"end":10852.13},{"text":"the","start":10852.13,"end":10852.21},{"text":"principle","start":10852.21,"end":10852.65},{"text":"of","start":10852.65,"end":10852.73},{"text":"freedom","start":10852.73,"end":10853.05},{"text":"of","start":10853.05,"end":10853.13},{"text":"navigation","start":10853.13,"end":10853.65},{"text":"and","start":10854.05,"end":10854.37},{"text":"under","start":10855.21,"end":10855.65},{"text":"safe","start":10856.69,"end":10857.05},{"text":"conditions","start":10857.05,"end":10857.57},{"text":"for","start":10857.57,"end":10857.81},{"text":"maritime","start":10857.81,"end":10858.45},{"text":"personnel.","start":10858.45,"end":10858.97}]},{"text":"Mr. President, Italy reiterates its solidarity towards the Gulf countries affected by unacceptable retaliatory strikes.","start":10859.65,"end":10865.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Mr.","start":10859.65,"end":10859.97},{"text":"President,","start":10859.97,"end":10860.41},{"text":"Italy","start":10860.41,"end":10860.69},{"text":"reiterates","start":10860.69,"end":10861.13},{"text":"its","start":10861.13,"end":10861.25},{"text":"solidarity","start":10861.25,"end":10861.81},{"text":"towards","start":10861.81,"end":10862.13},{"text":"the","start":10862.13,"end":10862.21},{"text":"Gulf","start":10862.21,"end":10862.49},{"text":"countries","start":10862.49,"end":10862.89},{"text":"affected","start":10862.89,"end":10863.29},{"text":"by","start":10863.29,"end":10863.41},{"text":"unacceptable","start":10863.41,"end":10864.09},{"text":"retaliatory","start":10864.09,"end":10864.89},{"text":"strikes.","start":10864.89,"end":10865.61}]},{"text":"In particular, while condemning in the strongest possible terms the recent Houthi attacks against Saudi Arabia and against the legitimate Yemeni government, Italy expresses the urgency of putting an end to hostilities and to preserve the freedom and safety of navigation in the Red Sea and through the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.","start":10865.85,"end":10884.01,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. 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Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"In","start":10865.85,"end":10865.93},{"text":"particular,","start":10865.93,"end":10866.49},{"text":"while","start":10866.65,"end":10866.89},{"text":"condemning","start":10866.89,"end":10867.53},{"text":"in","start":10867.53,"end":10867.65},{"text":"the","start":10867.65,"end":10867.73},{"text":"strongest","start":10867.73,"end":10868.09},{"text":"possible","start":10868.09,"end":10868.49},{"text":"terms","start":10868.49,"end":10868.81},{"text":"the","start":10868.81,"end":10868.97},{"text":"recent","start":10868.97,"end":10869.45},{"text":"Houthi","start":10869.45,"end":10869.77},{"text":"attacks","start":10869.77,"end":10870.25},{"text":"against","start":10870.25,"end":10870.61},{"text":"Saudi","start":10870.61,"end":10870.77},{"text":"Arabia","start":10870.77,"end":10871.17},{"text":"and","start":10871.17,"end":10871.29},{"text":"against","start":10871.29,"end":10871.69},{"text":"the","start":10871.69,"end":10871.77},{"text":"legitimate","start":10871.77,"end":10872.33},{"text":"Yemeni","start":10872.33,"end":10872.65},{"text":"government,","start":10872.65,"end":10873.21},{"text":"Italy","start":10873.69,"end":10874.05},{"text":"expresses","start":10874.05,"end":10874.53},{"text":"the","start":10874.53,"end":10874.65},{"text":"urgency","start":10875.29,"end":10875.73},{"text":"of","start":10875.73,"end":10875.93},{"text":"putting","start":10876.09,"end":10876.57},{"text":"an","start":10876.57,"end":10876.73},{"text":"end","start":10876.73,"end":10876.97},{"text":"to","start":10876.97,"end":10877.17},{"text":"hostilities","start":10877.17,"end":10877.77},{"text":"and","start":10877.77,"end":10877.97},{"text":"to","start":10877.97,"end":10878.09},{"text":"preserve","start":10878.09,"end":10878.57},{"text":"the","start":10880.01,"end":10880.13},{"text":"freedom","start":10880.13,"end":10880.49},{"text":"and","start":10880.49,"end":10880.65},{"text":"safety","start":10880.65,"end":10881.01},{"text":"of","start":10881.01,"end":10881.13},{"text":"navigation","start":10881.13,"end":10881.77},{"text":"in","start":10881.77,"end":10881.93},{"text":"the","start":10881.93,"end":10882.01},{"text":"Red","start":10882.01,"end":10882.17},{"text":"Sea","start":10882.17,"end":10882.53},{"text":"and","start":10882.53,"end":10882.65},{"text":"through","start":10882.65,"end":10882.81},{"text":"the","start":10882.81,"end":10882.97},{"text":"Bab","start":10882.97,"end":10883.21},{"text":"el-Mandeb","start":10883.21,"end":10883.57},{"text":"Strait.","start":10883.57,"end":10884.01}]},{"text":"Italy, including through EU NAVFOR ASPIDES, will continue to do its part to safeguard freedom of navigation and contribute to maritime safety and the stability of the region.","start":10884.49,"end":10894.73,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}],"words":[{"text":"At","start":10895.13,"end":10895.21},{"text":"the","start":10895.21,"end":10895.33},{"text":"same","start":10895.33,"end":10895.49},{"text":"time,","start":10895.49,"end":10895.85},{"text":"Italy","start":10895.85,"end":10896.17},{"text":"stresses","start":10896.17,"end":10896.57},{"text":"once","start":10896.57,"end":10896.73},{"text":"again","start":10896.73,"end":10897.05},{"text":"the","start":10897.05,"end":10897.17},{"text":"need","start":10897.17,"end":10897.53},{"text":"for","start":10897.61,"end":10897.85},{"text":"collective","start":10897.85,"end":10898.29},{"text":"action","start":10898.33,"end":10898.81},{"text":"to","start":10898.81,"end":10899.01},{"text":"ensure","start":10899.01,"end":10899.45},{"text":"universal","start":10899.45,"end":10899.89},{"text":"compliance","start":10899.89,"end":10900.49},{"text":"with","start":10900.49,"end":10900.61},{"text":"the","start":10900.61,"end":10900.73},{"text":"relevant","start":10900.73,"end":10901.21},{"text":"international","start":10901.21,"end":10901.89},{"text":"norms.","start":10901.89,"end":10902.25}]},{"text":"UNCLOS remains the fundamental legal framework for maritime rights and obligations, including those related to maritime security.","start":10902.41,"end":10909.45,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."},{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"UNCLOS","start":10902.41,"end":10903.37},{"text":"remains","start":10903.37,"end":10903.73},{"text":"the","start":10903.73,"end":10903.85},{"text":"fundamental","start":10903.85,"end":10904.37},{"text":"legal","start":10904.37,"end":10904.65},{"text":"framework","start":10904.65,"end":10905.21},{"text":"for","start":10905.45,"end":10905.61},{"text":"maritime","start":10905.61,"end":10905.93},{"text":"rights","start":10905.93,"end":10906.25},{"text":"and","start":10906.25,"end":10906.37},{"text":"obligations,","start":10906.37,"end":10907.13},{"text":"including","start":10907.37,"end":10907.85},{"text":"those","start":10907.85,"end":10908.17},{"text":"related","start":10908.17,"end":10908.61},{"text":"to","start":10908.61,"end":10908.69},{"text":"maritime","start":10908.69,"end":10908.97},{"text":"security.","start":10908.97,"end":10909.45}]},{"text":"In the same vein, we are affirming the Security Council's primary responsibility in addressing challenges to maritime security capable of disrupting global navigation and trade, damaging critical infrastructures and destabilizing regional stability.","start":10909.93,"end":10921.73,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. 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themselves with this 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me begin by thanking you, Mr. President, and the Kingdom of Bahrain for convening this meeting, and of course the briefers for their 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President von der Leyen underlined in yesterday's State of the Union address, disruption in the Strait of Hormuz has had direct consequences for Europe's energy security and economy.","start":11013.09,"end":11022.89,"topics":[{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. 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The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"Houthi","start":11134.21,"end":11134.37},{"text":"attacks","start":11134.37,"end":11134.93},{"text":"and","start":11134.93,"end":11135.09},{"text":"threats","start":11135.09,"end":11135.41},{"text":"against","start":11135.41,"end":11135.73},{"text":"Saudi","start":11135.73,"end":11135.97},{"text":"Arabia","start":11135.97,"end":11136.49},{"text":"and","start":11136.49,"end":11136.65},{"text":"Saudi-linked","start":11136.65,"end":11137.25},{"text":"vessels","start":11137.25,"end":11137.73},{"text":"have","start":11137.97,"end":11138.17},{"text":"reduced","start":11138.17,"end":11138.77},{"text":"the","start":11139.09,"end":11139.21},{"text":"overall","start":11139.25,"end":11139.57},{"text":"number","start":11139.57,"end":11139.89},{"text":"of","start":11139.89,"end":11139.97},{"text":"ships","start":11139.97,"end":11140.37},{"text":"transiting","start":11140.37,"end":11140.85},{"text":"the","start":11140.85,"end":11140.97},{"text":"Bab","start":11140.97,"end":11141.17},{"text":"el-Mandeb","start":11141.17,"end":11141.81},{"text":"Strait.","start":11141.97,"end":11142.45}]},{"text":"We recall UN Security Council Resolution 2722, which demands that the Houthis immediately cease all attacks on merchant and commercial vessels.","start":11143.09,"end":11152.53,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":11143.09,"end":11143.21},{"text":"recall","start":11143.21,"end":11143.81},{"text":"UN","start":11143.81,"end":11143.97},{"text":"Security","start":11144.17,"end":11144.53},{"text":"Council","start":11144.53,"end":11144.77},{"text":"Resolution","start":11144.77,"end":11145.25},{"text":"2722,","start":11145.25,"end":11146.21},{"text":"which","start":11146.53,"end":11146.85},{"text":"demands","start":11146.85,"end":11147.57},{"text":"that","start":11148.13,"end":11148.33},{"text":"the","start":11148.33,"end":11148.45},{"text":"Houthis","start":11148.45,"end":11149.01},{"text":"immediately","start":11149.25,"end":11149.73},{"text":"cease","start":11149.73,"end":11150.13},{"text":"all","start":11150.13,"end":11150.37},{"text":"attacks","start":11150.37,"end":11150.85},{"text":"on","start":11150.85,"end":11151.01},{"text":"merchant","start":11151.01,"end":11151.41},{"text":"and","start":11151.41,"end":11151.53},{"text":"commercial","start":11151.53,"end":11151.97},{"text":"vessels.","start":11151.97,"end":11152.53}]},{"text":"President, another major choke point for freedom of navigation is the Black Sea.","start":11154.13,"end":11157.89,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."},{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. Speakers warned that maritime rules and response tools must adapt to these evolving and hybrid forms of insecurity."}],"words":[{"text":"including","start":11162.49,"end":11162.89},{"text":"drone","start":11162.89,"end":11163.21},{"text":"and","start":11163.21,"end":11163.33},{"text":"missile","start":11163.33,"end":11163.61},{"text":"attacks","start":11163.61,"end":11164.01},{"text":"against","start":11164.01,"end":11164.45},{"text":"oil","start":11164.45,"end":11164.65},{"text":"tankers,","start":11164.65,"end":11165.21},{"text":"resulting","start":11166.25,"end":11166.77},{"text":"in","start":11166.77,"end":11166.89},{"text":"multiple","start":11166.89,"end":11167.37},{"text":"deaths","start":11167.37,"end":11167.73},{"text":"of","start":11167.73,"end":11167.85},{"text":"seafarers,","start":11167.85,"end":11168.57},{"text":"together","start":11168.81,"end":11169.25},{"text":"with","start":11169.25,"end":11169.37},{"text":"systematic","start":11169.37,"end":11169.89},{"text":"strikes","start":11169.89,"end":11170.25},{"text":"against","start":11170.29,"end":11170.73},{"text":"inland","start":11170.97,"end":11171.41},{"text":"logistics,","start":11171.41,"end":11172.09},{"text":"warehouses,","start":11172.09,"end":11172.73},{"text":"and","start":11172.97,"end":11173.21},{"text":"grain","start":11173.21,"end":11173.53},{"text":"terminals,","start":11173.53,"end":11174.17},{"text":"in","start":11174.65,"end":11174.81},{"text":"violation","start":11174.81,"end":11175.33},{"text":"of","start":11175.33,"end":11175.41},{"text":"international","start":11175.41,"end":11176.05},{"text":"law,","start":11176.05,"end":11176.13},{"text":"including","start":11176.13,"end":11176.45},{"text":"UNCLOS.","start":11176.49,"end":11177.45}]},{"text":"This recent escalation is severely disrupting freedom of navigation, global energy, and food supply chains, risking global hunger.","start":11178.25,"end":11187.13,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."}],"words":[{"text":"This","start":11178.25,"end":11178.57},{"text":"recent","start":11178.57,"end":11178.89},{"text":"escalation","start":11178.89,"end":11179.61},{"text":"is","start":11179.85,"end":11180.05},{"text":"severely","start":11180.05,"end":11180.73},{"text":"disrupting","start":11180.73,"end":11181.45},{"text":"freedom","start":11181.45,"end":11181.73},{"text":"of","start":11181.73,"end":11181.85},{"text":"navigation,","start":11181.85,"end":11182.57},{"text":"global","start":11182.89,"end":11183.37},{"text":"energy,","start":11183.37,"end":11183.85},{"text":"and","start":11184.25,"end":11184.57},{"text":"food","start":11184.57,"end":11184.81},{"text":"supply","start":11184.81,"end":11185.13},{"text":"chains,","start":11185.13,"end":11185.69},{"text":"risking","start":11185.93,"end":11186.37},{"text":"global","start":11186.37,"end":11186.73},{"text":"hunger.","start":11186.73,"end":11187.13}]},{"text":"This is unacceptable.","start":11187.37,"end":11188.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"This","start":11187.37,"end":11187.61},{"text":"is","start":11187.61,"end":11187.93},{"text":"unacceptable.","start":11188.29,"end":11188.97}]},{"text":"Chair, The EU will continue to work within and support international and regional institutions responsible for maritime governance, safety and security, particularly the International Maritime Organization.","start":11189.93,"end":11203.09,"topics":[{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. 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full statement will be published online.","start":11223.93,"end":11225.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":11223.93,"end":11224.09},{"text":"full","start":11224.09,"end":11224.25},{"text":"statement","start":11224.25,"end":11224.69},{"text":"will","start":11224.69,"end":11224.81},{"text":"be","start":11224.81,"end":11224.97},{"text":"published","start":11224.97,"end":11225.37},{"text":"online.","start":11225.37,"end":11225.85}]},{"text":"Thank you, Mr. 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Netherlands.","start":11228.93,"end":11234.65,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Thank","start":11228.93,"end":11229.09},{"text":"the","start":11229.09,"end":11229.17},{"text":"distinguished","start":11229.17,"end":11229.61},{"text":"representative","start":11229.61,"end":11230.25},{"text":"of","start":11230.25,"end":11230.49},{"text":"the","start":11230.49,"end":11230.57},{"text":"European","start":11230.57,"end":11230.93},{"text":"Union,","start":11230.93,"end":11231.17},{"text":"and","start":11231.17,"end":11231.29},{"text":"I'll","start":11231.29,"end":11231.49},{"text":"give","start":11231.49,"end":11231.61},{"text":"the","start":11231.61,"end":11231.69},{"text":"floor","start":11231.69,"end":11232.01},{"text":"to","start":11232.01,"end":11232.13},{"text":"the","start":11232.13,"end":11232.21},{"text":"distinguished","start":11232.21,"end":11232.69},{"text":"representative","start":11232.69,"end":11233.45},{"text":"of","start":11233.45,"end":11233.85},{"text":"the","start":11233.85,"end":11233.93},{"text":"Netherlands.","start":11233.93,"end":11234.65}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdulatif 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freedom of navigation has been key policy priority for the Kingdom of the Netherlands for over four centuries.","start":11255.65,"end":11262.21,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":11255.65,"end":11255.77},{"text":"freedom","start":11255.77,"end":11256.13},{"text":"of","start":11256.13,"end":11256.21},{"text":"navigation","start":11256.21,"end":11257.01},{"text":"has","start":11257.01,"end":11257.25},{"text":"been","start":11257.25,"end":11257.57},{"text":"key","start":11257.57,"end":11257.97},{"text":"policy","start":11257.97,"end":11258.45},{"text":"priority","start":11258.45,"end":11258.97},{"text":"for","start":11258.97,"end":11259.09},{"text":"the","start":11259.09,"end":11259.17},{"text":"Kingdom","start":11259.17,"end":11259.53},{"text":"of","start":11259.53,"end":11259.61},{"text":"the","start":11259.61,"end":11259.69},{"text":"Netherlands","start":11259.69,"end":11260.13},{"text":"for","start":11260.13,"end":11260.29},{"text":"over","start":11260.29,"end":11260.61},{"text":"four","start":11260.61,"end":11261.17},{"text":"centuries.","start":11261.25,"end":11262.21}]},{"text":"Freedom of navigation is a fundamental principle of international law, including under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, UNCLOS.","start":11262.93,"end":11271.49,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Freedom","start":11262.93,"end":11263.33},{"text":"of","start":11263.33,"end":11263.41},{"text":"navigation","start":11263.41,"end":11264.05},{"text":"is","start":11264.05,"end":11264.21},{"text":"a","start":11264.21,"end":11264.29},{"text":"fundamental","start":11264.29,"end":11265.09},{"text":"principle","start":11265.09,"end":11265.69},{"text":"of","start":11265.69,"end":11265.81},{"text":"international","start":11265.81,"end":11266.65},{"text":"law,","start":11266.65,"end":11266.73},{"text":"including","start":11267.09,"end":11267.73},{"text":"under","start":11267.73,"end":11268.05},{"text":"the","start":11268.05,"end":11268.13},{"text":"United","start":11268.13,"end":11268.61},{"text":"Nations","start":11268.61,"end":11269.01},{"text":"Convention","start":11269.01,"end":11269.73},{"text":"on","start":11269.73,"end":11269.85},{"text":"the","start":11269.85,"end":11269.93},{"text":"Law","start":11269.93,"end":11270.09},{"text":"of","start":11270.09,"end":11270.21},{"text":"the","start":11270.21,"end":11270.29},{"text":"Sea,","start":11270.29,"end":11270.57},{"text":"UNCLOS.","start":11270.57,"end":11271.49}]},{"text":"Working together to maintain free and safe seas has become increasingly crucial in our modern, globalised world.","start":11272.09,"end":11278.97,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Working","start":11272.09,"end":11272.49},{"text":"together","start":11272.49,"end":11273.05},{"text":"to","start":11273.05,"end":11273.21},{"text":"maintain","start":11273.21,"end":11273.77},{"text":"free","start":11273.77,"end":11274.33},{"text":"and","start":11274.33,"end":11274.61},{"text":"safe","start":11274.61,"end":11274.97},{"text":"seas","start":11274.97,"end":11275.53},{"text":"has","start":11275.53,"end":11275.69},{"text":"become","start":11275.69,"end":11276.01},{"text":"increasingly","start":11276.01,"end":11276.89},{"text":"crucial","start":11276.89,"end":11277.37},{"text":"in","start":11277.37,"end":11277.49},{"text":"our","start":11277.49,"end":11277.57},{"text":"modern,","start":11277.57,"end":11278.01},{"text":"globalised","start":11278.01,"end":11278.57},{"text":"world.","start":11278.57,"end":11278.97}]},{"text":"In this regard, I would like to make three points.","start":11279.93,"end":11282.73,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":11279.93,"end":11280.17},{"text":"this","start":11280.17,"end":11280.57},{"text":"regard,","start":11280.57,"end":11281.01},{"text":"I","start":11281.01,"end":11281.05},{"text":"would","start":11281.05,"end":11281.17},{"text":"like","start":11281.17,"end":11281.33},{"text":"to","start":11281.33,"end":11281.45},{"text":"make","start":11281.45,"end":11281.93},{"text":"three","start":11281.93,"end":11282.17},{"text":"points.","start":11282.17,"end":11282.73}]},{"text":"Firstly, on the Strait of Hormuz.","start":11283.05,"end":11284.81,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Firstly,","start":11283.05,"end":11283.61},{"text":"on","start":11283.61,"end":11283.69},{"text":"the","start":11283.69,"end":11283.77},{"text":"Strait","start":11283.77,"end":11284.05},{"text":"of","start":11284.05,"end":11284.13},{"text":"Hormuz.","start":11284.13,"end":11284.81}]},{"text":"The Kingdom of the Netherlands condemns in the strongest terms the inexcusable attacks by Iran on unarmed commercial vessels in the Gulf, and the de facto closure of the Strait of Hormuz by Iranian forces.","start":11285.45,"end":11297.93,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. Speakers warned that maritime rules and response tools must adapt to these evolving and hybrid forms of insecurity."}],"words":[{"text":"The","start":11285.45,"end":11285.57},{"text":"Kingdom","start":11285.57,"end":11285.89},{"text":"of","start":11285.89,"end":11285.97},{"text":"the","start":11285.97,"end":11286.05},{"text":"Netherlands","start":11286.05,"end":11286.57},{"text":"condemns","start":11286.57,"end":11287.09},{"text":"in","start":11287.09,"end":11287.17},{"text":"the","start":11287.17,"end":11287.29},{"text":"strongest","start":11287.29,"end":11287.89},{"text":"terms","start":11287.89,"end":11288.33},{"text":"the","start":11288.33,"end":11288.41},{"text":"inexcusable","start":11288.41,"end":11289.37},{"text":"attacks","start":11289.37,"end":11289.85},{"text":"by","start":11289.85,"end":11290.13},{"text":"Iran","start":11290.13,"end":11290.81},{"text":"on","start":11290.89,"end":11291.21},{"text":"unarmed","start":11291.21,"end":11291.77},{"text":"commercial","start":11291.77,"end":11292.41},{"text":"vessels","start":11292.41,"end":11292.89},{"text":"in","start":11292.89,"end":11292.97},{"text":"the","start":11292.97,"end":11293.05},{"text":"Gulf,","start":11293.05,"end":11293.45},{"text":"and","start":11293.77,"end":11294.33},{"text":"the","start":11294.33,"end":11294.45},{"text":"de","start":11294.45,"end":11294.65},{"text":"facto","start":11294.65,"end":11295.13},{"text":"closure","start":11295.13,"end":11295.57},{"text":"of","start":11295.57,"end":11295.69},{"text":"the","start":11295.69,"end":11295.77},{"text":"Strait","start":11295.77,"end":11296.05},{"text":"of","start":11296.05,"end":11296.13},{"text":"Hormuz","start":11296.13,"end":11296.57},{"text":"by","start":11296.57,"end":11296.77},{"text":"Iranian","start":11296.77,"end":11297.21},{"text":"forces.","start":11297.21,"end":11297.93}]},{"text":"We call on Iran to immediately cease its threats, laying of mines, drone and missile attacks, and other attempts to obstruct commercial shipping through the Strait.","start":11298.69,"end":11307.81,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. Speakers warned that maritime rules and response tools must adapt to these evolving and hybrid forms of insecurity."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":11298.69,"end":11298.77},{"text":"call","start":11298.77,"end":11298.97},{"text":"on","start":11298.97,"end":11299.09},{"text":"Iran","start":11299.09,"end":11299.49},{"text":"to","start":11299.49,"end":11299.61},{"text":"immediately","start":11299.61,"end":11300.37},{"text":"cease","start":11300.37,"end":11300.85},{"text":"its","start":11300.85,"end":11301.09},{"text":"threats,","start":11301.09,"end":11301.65},{"text":"laying","start":11301.65,"end":11302.05},{"text":"of","start":11302.05,"end":11302.21},{"text":"mines,","start":11302.21,"end":11302.77},{"text":"drone","start":11302.77,"end":11303.21},{"text":"and","start":11303.21,"end":11303.33},{"text":"missile","start":11303.33,"end":11303.65},{"text":"attacks,","start":11303.65,"end":11304.21},{"text":"and","start":11304.45,"end":11304.69},{"text":"other","start":11304.69,"end":11304.93},{"text":"attempts","start":11304.93,"end":11305.33},{"text":"to","start":11305.33,"end":11305.45},{"text":"obstruct","start":11305.45,"end":11305.97},{"text":"commercial","start":11305.97,"end":11306.49},{"text":"shipping","start":11306.49,"end":11306.93},{"text":"through","start":11306.93,"end":11307.17},{"text":"the","start":11307.17,"end":11307.25},{"text":"Strait.","start":11307.25,"end":11307.81}]},{"text":"We call upon Iran to comply with Resolution 2817 and to respect the sovereign territorial waters of other littoral states, including those of the Sultanate of Oman.","start":11308.45,"end":11320.21,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"We","start":11308.45,"end":11308.61},{"text":"call","start":11308.61,"end":11308.89},{"text":"upon","start":11308.89,"end":11309.17},{"text":"Iran","start":11309.17,"end":11309.49},{"text":"to","start":11309.49,"end":11309.65},{"text":"comply","start":11309.65,"end":11310.09},{"text":"with","start":11310.09,"end":11310.29},{"text":"Resolution","start":11310.29,"end":11310.93},{"text":"2817","start":11310.93,"end":11312.45},{"text":"and","start":11312.85,"end":11313.01},{"text":"to","start":11313.01,"end":11313.13},{"text":"respect","start":11313.13,"end":11313.69},{"text":"the","start":11313.69,"end":11313.81},{"text":"sovereign","start":11313.81,"end":11314.21},{"text":"territorial","start":11314.21,"end":11314.93},{"text":"waters","start":11314.93,"end":11315.49},{"text":"of","start":11315.49,"end":11315.65},{"text":"other","start":11315.65,"end":11315.97},{"text":"littoral","start":11316.85,"end":11317.25},{"text":"states,","start":11317.25,"end":11317.73},{"text":"including","start":11317.73,"end":11318.29},{"text":"those","start":11318.29,"end":11318.69},{"text":"of","start":11318.69,"end":11318.77},{"text":"the","start":11318.77,"end":11318.89},{"text":"Sultanate","start":11318.89,"end":11319.41},{"text":"of","start":11319.41,"end":11319.57},{"text":"Oman.","start":11319.57,"end":11320.21}]},{"text":"Moreover, we reject any post-conflict arrangements which include tolls or other restrictive mechanisms not in full accordance with international law as reflected in UNCLOS.","start":11321.33,"end":11332.01,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Moreover,","start":11321.33,"end":11321.97},{"text":"we","start":11321.97,"end":11322.21},{"text":"reject","start":11322.21,"end":11322.69},{"text":"any","start":11322.69,"end":11323.01},{"text":"post-conflict","start":11323.01,"end":11323.81},{"text":"arrangements","start":11323.81,"end":11324.53},{"text":"which","start":11324.53,"end":11324.77},{"text":"include","start":11324.77,"end":11325.21},{"text":"tolls","start":11325.21,"end":11325.73},{"text":"or","start":11325.73,"end":11325.97},{"text":"other","start":11325.97,"end":11326.25},{"text":"restrictive","start":11326.25,"end":11326.85},{"text":"mechanisms","start":11326.85,"end":11327.65},{"text":"not","start":11327.65,"end":11327.81},{"text":"in","start":11327.81,"end":11327.97},{"text":"full","start":11327.97,"end":11328.21},{"text":"accordance","start":11328.21,"end":11328.77},{"text":"with","start":11328.77,"end":11328.93},{"text":"international","start":11328.93,"end":11329.89},{"text":"law","start":11329.89,"end":11329.97},{"text":"as","start":11329.97,"end":11330.13},{"text":"reflected","start":11330.13,"end":11330.69},{"text":"in","start":11330.69,"end":11330.93},{"text":"UNCLOS.","start":11330.93,"end":11332.01}]},{"text":"Any potential post-conflict mechanism of internationalisation should be cognisant of the legitimate interests of all littoral states.","start":11332.01,"end":11341.09,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."}],"words":[{"text":"Any","start":11332.01,"end":11332.25},{"text":"potential","start":11332.25,"end":11332.77},{"text":"post-conflict","start":11332.77,"end":11333.57},{"text":"mechanism","start":11333.57,"end":11334.21},{"text":"of","start":11334.21,"end":11334.37},{"text":"internationalisation","start":11334.37,"end":11335.73},{"text":"should","start":11335.97,"end":11336.21},{"text":"be","start":11336.21,"end":11336.37},{"text":"cognisant","start":11336.37,"end":11337.17},{"text":"of","start":11337.25,"end":11337.41},{"text":"the","start":11337.41,"end":11337.49},{"text":"legitimate","start":11337.49,"end":11338.77},{"text":"interests","start":11338.77,"end":11339.33},{"text":"of","start":11339.37,"end":11339.49},{"text":"all","start":11339.57,"end":11340.05},{"text":"littoral","start":11340.05,"end":11340.53},{"text":"states.","start":11340.53,"end":11341.09}]},{"text":"Secondly, on the Red Sea, the Kingdom of the Netherlands strongly condemns similar attempts of the Houthis to obstruct shipping lanes in the Red Sea and Bab al-Mandab through drone and missile attacks on commercial vessels.","start":11342.21,"end":11354.93,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. Speakers warned that maritime rules and response tools must adapt to these evolving and hybrid forms of insecurity."}],"words":[{"text":"Secondly,","start":11342.21,"end":11342.85},{"text":"on","start":11342.85,"end":11343.01},{"text":"the","start":11343.01,"end":11343.09},{"text":"Red","start":11343.09,"end":11343.33},{"text":"Sea,","start":11343.33,"end":11343.81},{"text":"the","start":11343.97,"end":11344.17},{"text":"Kingdom","start":11344.17,"end":11344.53},{"text":"of","start":11344.53,"end":11344.61},{"text":"the","start":11344.61,"end":11344.77},{"text":"Netherlands","start":11344.77,"end":11345.29},{"text":"strongly","start":11345.29,"end":11345.65},{"text":"condemns","start":11345.65,"end":11346.09},{"text":"similar","start":11346.09,"end":11346.49},{"text":"attempts","start":11346.49,"end":11346.89},{"text":"of","start":11346.89,"end":11347.01},{"text":"the","start":11347.01,"end":11347.13},{"text":"Houthis","start":11347.13,"end":11347.65},{"text":"to","start":11347.65,"end":11347.77},{"text":"obstruct","start":11347.77,"end":11348.21},{"text":"shipping","start":11348.21,"end":11348.53},{"text":"lanes","start":11348.53,"end":11348.85},{"text":"in","start":11348.85,"end":11348.97},{"text":"the","start":11348.97,"end":11349.05},{"text":"Red","start":11349.05,"end":11349.21},{"text":"Sea","start":11349.21,"end":11349.65},{"text":"and","start":11350.37,"end":11350.61},{"text":"Bab","start":11350.61,"end":11350.93},{"text":"al-Mandab","start":11350.97,"end":11351.65},{"text":"through","start":11351.89,"end":11352.21},{"text":"drone","start":11352.21,"end":11352.61},{"text":"and","start":11352.61,"end":11352.73},{"text":"missile","start":11352.73,"end":11353.01},{"text":"attacks","start":11353.01,"end":11353.49},{"text":"on","start":11353.49,"end":11353.65},{"text":"commercial","start":11353.65,"end":11354.21},{"text":"vessels.","start":11354.21,"end":11354.93}]},{"text":"Thirdly, on the need for diplomacy, the Kingdom of the Netherlands commends all those who are working tirelessly towards a diplomatic solution to restore the freedom of navigation.","start":11355.89,"end":11365.57,"topics":[{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."}],"words":[{"text":"Thirdly,","start":11355.89,"end":11356.45},{"text":"on","start":11356.53,"end":11356.73},{"text":"the","start":11356.73,"end":11356.81},{"text":"need","start":11356.81,"end":11357.01},{"text":"for","start":11357.01,"end":11357.17},{"text":"diplomacy,","start":11357.17,"end":11357.89},{"text":"the","start":11358.29,"end":11358.45},{"text":"Kingdom","start":11358.45,"end":11358.81},{"text":"of","start":11358.81,"end":11358.93},{"text":"the","start":11358.93,"end":11359.01},{"text":"Netherlands","start":11359.01,"end":11359.41},{"text":"commends","start":11359.41,"end":11359.97},{"text":"all","start":11359.97,"end":11360.21},{"text":"those","start":11360.21,"end":11360.61},{"text":"who","start":11360.61,"end":11360.69},{"text":"are","start":11360.69,"end":11360.93},{"text":"working","start":11360.93,"end":11361.33},{"text":"tirelessly","start":11361.41,"end":11362.05},{"text":"towards","start":11362.05,"end":11362.53},{"text":"a","start":11362.53,"end":11362.57},{"text":"diplomatic","start":11362.57,"end":11363.09},{"text":"solution","start":11363.09,"end":11363.65},{"text":"to","start":11363.65,"end":11363.73},{"text":"restore","start":11363.73,"end":11364.21},{"text":"the","start":11364.21,"end":11364.33},{"text":"freedom","start":11364.33,"end":11364.73},{"text":"of","start":11364.73,"end":11364.85},{"text":"navigation.","start":11364.85,"end":11365.57}]},{"text":"In particular, we welcome the efforts of the Sultanate of Oman and the State of Qatar.","start":11366.13,"end":11370.77,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"In","start":11366.13,"end":11366.29},{"text":"particular,","start":11366.29,"end":11367.01},{"text":"we","start":11367.01,"end":11367.17},{"text":"welcome","start":11367.17,"end":11367.57},{"text":"the","start":11367.57,"end":11367.69},{"text":"efforts","start":11367.73,"end":11368.13},{"text":"of","start":11368.13,"end":11368.21},{"text":"the","start":11368.21,"end":11368.37},{"text":"Sultanate","start":11368.37,"end":11368.93},{"text":"of","start":11368.93,"end":11369.01},{"text":"Oman","start":11369.01,"end":11369.49},{"text":"and","start":11369.49,"end":11369.73},{"text":"the","start":11369.73,"end":11369.81},{"text":"State","start":11369.81,"end":11370.13},{"text":"of","start":11370.13,"end":11370.21},{"text":"Qatar.","start":11370.21,"end":11370.77}]},{"text":"In conclusion, the urgent reopening of the Strait of Hormuz with unconditional and unrestricted freedom of navigation is essential.","start":11371.65,"end":11380.57,"topics":[{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. 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discussions today have affirmed the need to move from acknowledging these risks to enhancing our collective ability to confront them through preserving the rights and freedoms of navigation and improving the exchange of information and early warning 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guaranteeing accountability for these attacks and the illegitimate interference in international navigation.","start":11506.49,"end":11515.61,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"and","start":11506.49,"end":11506.65},{"text":"guaranteeing","start":11506.65,"end":11507.61},{"text":"accountability","start":11507.61,"end":11509.73},{"text":"for","start":11509.77,"end":11510.01},{"text":"these","start":11510.01,"end":11510.17},{"text":"attacks","start":11510.17,"end":11510.65},{"text":"and","start":11510.65,"end":11510.97},{"text":"the","start":11510.97,"end":11511.25},{"text":"illegitimate","start":11511.69,"end":11512.25},{"text":"interference","start":11512.25,"end":11512.89},{"text":"in","start":11512.89,"end":11513.69},{"text":"international","start":11513.69,"end":11514.57},{"text":"navigation.","start":11514.73,"end":11515.61}]},{"text":"The Kingdom of Bahrain looks forward to continuing these conversations and these discussions with member states, the United Nations, and international and regional organizations of relevance, as well as other stakeholders in the maritime sector, so that we could make progress in taking practical measures to protect vital maritime routes and enhance their resilience.","start":11516.17,"end":11536.13,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":11516.17,"end":11516.25},{"text":"Kingdom","start":11516.25,"end":11516.57},{"text":"of","start":11516.57,"end":11516.65},{"text":"Bahrain","start":11516.65,"end":11517.01},{"text":"looks","start":11517.01,"end":11517.17},{"text":"forward","start":11517.17,"end":11517.69},{"text":"to","start":11517.69,"end":11518.09},{"text":"continuing","start":11518.09,"end":11518.73},{"text":"these","start":11518.73,"end":11518.97},{"text":"conversations","start":11518.97,"end":11519.73},{"text":"and","start":11519.73,"end":11519.85},{"text":"these","start":11519.85,"end":11519.97},{"text":"discussions","start":11519.97,"end":11520.37},{"text":"with","start":11520.37,"end":11520.49},{"text":"member","start":11520.49,"end":11520.73},{"text":"states,","start":11520.73,"end":11520.93},{"text":"the","start":11520.93,"end":11521.01},{"text":"United","start":11521.01,"end":11521.29},{"text":"Nations,","start":11521.29,"end":11521.65},{"text":"and","start":11521.65,"end":11521.77},{"text":"international","start":11521.77,"end":11522.29},{"text":"and","start":11522.29,"end":11522.45},{"text":"regional","start":11522.45,"end":11522.81},{"text":"organizations","start":11522.81,"end":11523.61},{"text":"of","start":11524.09,"end":11524.25},{"text":"relevance,","start":11524.25,"end":11524.81},{"text":"as","start":11524.81,"end":11525.05},{"text":"well","start":11525.05,"end":11525.21},{"text":"as","start":11525.21,"end":11525.37},{"text":"other","start":11525.37,"end":11525.57},{"text":"stakeholders","start":11525.57,"end":11526.41},{"text":"in","start":11526.41,"end":11526.73},{"text":"the","start":11526.73,"end":11526.97},{"text":"maritime","start":11526.97,"end":11527.53},{"text":"sector,","start":11527.53,"end":11527.89},{"text":"so","start":11527.89,"end":11528.01},{"text":"that","start":11528.01,"end":11528.17},{"text":"we","start":11528.17,"end":11528.33},{"text":"could","start":11528.33,"end":11528.49},{"text":"make","start":11528.49,"end":11528.73},{"text":"progress","start":11528.73,"end":11529.29},{"text":"in","start":11529.29,"end":11529.85},{"text":"taking","start":11530.25,"end":11530.57},{"text":"practical","start":11530.57,"end":11530.93},{"text":"measures","start":11530.93,"end":11531.37},{"text":"to","start":11531.37,"end":11531.61},{"text":"protect","start":11531.61,"end":11532.25},{"text":"vital","start":11532.49,"end":11532.97},{"text":"maritime","start":11532.97,"end":11533.53},{"text":"routes","start":11533.53,"end":11533.85},{"text":"and","start":11534.53,"end":11534.69},{"text":"enhance","start":11534.69,"end":11535.25},{"text":"their","start":11535.25,"end":11535.41},{"text":"resilience.","start":11535.41,"end":11536.13}]},{"text":"And to follow up on today's meeting, the Kingdom of Bahrain will prepare and distribute a summary of the President that would reflect the most salient points and views that were made and the practical suggestions that were made this 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hope that this summary would contribute towards continuing this important discussion and dialogue and be an important foundation for further consideration of these important and vital issues in relevant international 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renew my thanks to the briefers for their valuable contributions today.","start":11571.37,"end":11577.21,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11571.37,"end":11571.45},{"text":"renew","start":11571.45,"end":11572.01},{"text":"my","start":11572.01,"end":11572.25},{"text":"thanks","start":11572.25,"end":11572.65},{"text":"to","start":11572.65,"end":11572.97},{"text":"the","start":11572.97,"end":11573.13},{"text":"briefers","start":11573.13,"end":11573.61},{"text":"for","start":11573.77,"end":11574.17},{"text":"their","start":11574.17,"end":11574.41},{"text":"valuable","start":11574.41,"end":11574.81},{"text":"contributions","start":11574.81,"end":11575.77},{"text":"today.","start":11576.73,"end":11577.21}]},{"text":"And I would like to express my thanks to all the participating delegations for their valuable contributions.","start":11578.37,"end":11585.97,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":11578.37,"end":11578.61},{"text":"I","start":11578.77,"end":11578.93},{"text":"would","start":11578.93,"end":11579.17},{"text":"like","start":11579.17,"end":11579.49},{"text":"to","start":11579.49,"end":11579.89},{"text":"express","start":11580.29,"end":11580.69},{"text":"my","start":11580.69,"end":11580.85},{"text":"thanks","start":11580.85,"end":11581.17},{"text":"to","start":11581.17,"end":11581.49},{"text":"all","start":11581.49,"end":11581.73},{"text":"the","start":11581.81,"end":11582.05},{"text":"participating","start":11582.21,"end":11582.93},{"text":"delegations","start":11582.93,"end":11583.73},{"text":"for","start":11583.73,"end":11584.13},{"text":"their","start":11584.13,"end":11584.37},{"text":"valuable","start":11584.37,"end":11585.01},{"text":"contributions.","start":11585.01,"end":11585.97}]},{"text":"Allow me to thank the interpretation department for their patience and their perseverance.","start":11586.73,"end":11592.85,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"Allow","start":11586.73,"end":11586.89},{"text":"me","start":11586.89,"end":11587.25},{"text":"to","start":11587.25,"end":11587.65},{"text":"thank","start":11587.65,"end":11588.13},{"text":"the","start":11588.21,"end":11588.49},{"text":"interpretation","start":11588.49,"end":11589.49},{"text":"department","start":11589.49,"end":11590.21},{"text":"for","start":11590.21,"end":11590.53},{"text":"their","start":11590.53,"end":11590.93},{"text":"patience","start":11590.93,"end":11591.57},{"text":"and","start":11591.57,"end":11591.81},{"text":"their","start":11591.81,"end":11591.97},{"text":"perseverance.","start":11591.97,"end":11592.85}]},{"text":"And I thank all our colleagues who have helped facilitate this meeting.","start":11593.25,"end":11601.01,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"And","start":11593.25,"end":11593.65},{"text":"I","start":11593.65,"end":11593.89},{"text":"thank","start":11593.89,"end":11594.61},{"text":"all","start":11595.77,"end":11595.89},{"text":"our","start":11596.77,"end":11597.17},{"text":"colleagues","start":11598.29,"end":11598.93},{"text":"who","start":11599.33,"end":11599.57},{"text":"have","start":11599.57,"end":11599.81},{"text":"helped","start":11599.81,"end":11600.09},{"text":"facilitate","start":11600.09,"end":11600.53},{"text":"this","start":11600.53,"end":11600.69},{"text":"meeting.","start":11600.69,"end":11601.01}]},{"text":"I thank everyone.","start":11601.01,"end":11601.81,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"I","start":11601.01,"end":11601.09},{"text":"thank","start":11601.09,"end":11601.33},{"text":"everyone.","start":11601.33,"end":11601.81}]},{"text":"The meeting is adjourned.","start":11602.45,"end":11603.49,"topics":[],"words":[{"text":"The","start":11602.45,"end":11602.65},{"text":"meeting","start":11602.65,"end":11602.97},{"text":"is","start":11602.97,"end":11603.09},{"text":"adjourned.","start":11603.09,"end":11603.49}]}]}],"speaker":{"name":"Abdulatif bin Rashid Al Zayani","affiliation":"BHR","affiliation_full":"Bahrain","group":null,"function":"Chair"}}],"topics":[{"key":"emerging-threats","label":"Emerging Maritime Threats","description":"The debate covered a widening range of threats beyond traditional attacks, including drones, mines, cyber interference, signal spoofing, AI-enabled targeting, piracy, and illicit trafficking. Speakers warned that maritime rules and response tools must adapt to these evolving and hybrid forms of insecurity."},{"key":"seafarer-protection","label":"Protection of Seafarers","description":"Multiple statements focused on seafarers as civilians exposed to attacks, detention, abandonment, and unsafe working conditions. Speakers called for stronger protection, medical access, repatriation, crew changes, and enforcement of labour and humanitarian standards."},{"key":"food-energy-security","label":"Food and Energy Security","description":"Many interventions linked maritime disruption to higher prices and reduced availability of oil, gas, grain, fertilizers, and other essential goods. The debate emphasized that safe sea lanes are vital not only for commerce, but also for food production, energy access, and humanitarian deliveries."},{"key":"vulnerable-economies","label":"Vulnerable Economies and Small States","description":"A consistent concern was the disproportionate impact of maritime disruption on developing countries, small island states, landlocked countries, and import-dependent economies. Speakers noted that these states have limited fiscal space, fewer alternative routes, and face sharper consequences for prices, debt, and basic supplies."},{"key":"freedom-of-navigation","label":"Freedom of Navigation","description":"A central theme was the need to preserve unimpeded transit through international straits, especially under UNCLOS and related international law. Many speakers also rejected unlawful restrictions, permits, tolls, or political conditions on passage through waterways such as Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb."},{"key":"regional-deescalation","label":"Regional De-escalation and Diplomacy","description":"Many delegations stressed that lasting maritime security depends on reducing conflict on land and pursuing diplomatic solutions. Calls were made for ceasefires, mediation, confidence-building measures, and negotiated arrangements to restore safe navigation and prevent wider regional escalation."},{"key":"supply-chain-disruptions","label":"Supply Chain Disruptions","description":"Speakers repeatedly highlighted how attacks and closures in key chokepoints disrupt shipping schedules, port operations, insurance markets, and freight costs. The discussion stressed that maritime insecurity quickly spreads through global trade networks and affects economies far beyond the immediate conflict zone."},{"key":"early-warning-coordination","label":"Early Warning and Coordination","description":"A recurring topic was the need for stronger maritime domain awareness, information-sharing, contingency planning, and crisis response arrangements. Speakers argued that better coordination among states, industry, and international bodies is needed to anticipate disruptions before they become systemic shocks."},{"key":"multilateral-maritime-governance","label":"Multilateral Maritime Governance","description":"Several speakers argued that maritime security requires stronger institutional cooperation across the UN system, the IMO, regional organizations, and the Security Council. Proposals included more regular UN engagement, technical mechanisms, and better coordination of mandates, expertise, and reporting."}]}}